[UNGA, 30 November 2011, \"Resolution adopted by the General Assembly, 66/18. Jerusalem\" (doc.nr.", "Demands that Israel, the occupying Power, cease the exploitation, damage, cause of loss or depletion, and endangerment of the natural resources in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in the occupied Syrian Golan; 3. Recognizes the right of the Palestinian people to claim restitution as a result of any exploitation, damage, loss or depletion, or endangerment of their natural resources resulting from illegal measures taken by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and expresses the hope that this issue will be dealt with within the framework of the final status negotiations between the Palestinian and Israeli sides; 4. Stresses that the wall and settlements being constructed by Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including in and around East Jerusalem, are contrary to international law and are seriously depriving the Palestinian people of their natural resources, and calls in this regard for full compliance with the legal obligations affirmed in the 9 July 2004 advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice and in relevant United Nations resolutions, including General Assembly resolution ES-10/15; 5. Calls upon Israel, the occupying Power, to comply strictly with its obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law, with respect to the alteration of the character and status of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem; 6. Also calls upon Israel, the occupying Power, to cease all actions harming the environment, including the dumping of all kinds of waste materials in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in the occupied Syrian Golan, which gravely threaten their natural resources, namely water and land resources, and which pose an environmental, sanitation and health threat to the civilian populations; 7. Further calls upon Israel to cease its destruction of vital infrastructure, including water pipelines and sewage networks, which, internally, has a negative impact on the natural resources of the Palestinian people; 8."], "answer": {"text": "Hitchens has stated his \"love\" for the United States and his support for the US's being the successor to Britain", "answer_start": 298}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you tell me anything interesting about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Hitchens supports Israel and denies the notion of occupied Palestinian territory,", "answer_start": 617, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why does Hitchen support Isreal and deny the notion of occupied Palestinian territory?", "answer": {"text": "viewing the British exit from Mandatory Palestine as having left a legal vacuum.", "answer_start": 699, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "how does Peter gain national sovereignty?", "answer": {"text": "upholding the principle of Westphalian sovereignty, which he described as that \"you didn't interfere in foreign countries because you didn't like the way they were governed\".", "answer_start": 248, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5b4e3566214642a6953e004aa11969a5_0_q#5", "question": "HOW DOES INTERNATION RELATION RELATE TO HITCHENS?", "rewrite": "HOW DOES INTERNATION RELATION RELATE TO HITCHENS?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["According to Hitchens, he had recently attended a Cockburn family wedding in which Alexander officiated, and that he and Cockburn used to see each other more frequently when they had both lived on the same coast of the United States. In the same interview, Lamb and Hitchens discussed Cockburn's scathing remarks about Hitchens' criticisms of Said and Sheehan. Hitchens felt the intervening years had justified his criticisms of Sheehan, and expressed that \"it's beneath Alexander to be defending someone as cheap and demagogic as her\". In the case of Hitchens' criticisms of Said on his death bed, Hitchens replied, \"It's actually rather silly of Alexander to say that...he's often written counter-obituaries of people who have been overpraised and has chosen precisely the moment when there's a lot of sentimental garbage being published to say, 'come on, this guy wasn't so great!'\" Following Hitchens' death in 2011, Cockburn wrote an obituary of him for \"CounterPunch\" in which he heavily criticised the positions Hitchens had taken over the years. At one point writing \"I guess the lowest of a number of low points was when [Hitchens] went to the White House to give a cheerleading speech on the eve of the 2003 invasion of Iraq.\" In April 2012 there was a memorial for Christopher Hitchens and Cockburn penned a satirical playlet in which Hitchens goes to heaven where he is met by Henry Kissinger, Mother Teresa, Pope Pius V and John Paul II. The playlet was later incorporated into \"A Colossal Wreck\". Books: Compact disc:", "Bob Hitchens Bob Hitchens (born c. 1952) was a college football running back at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio from 1971\u20131973. Hitchens received all-Mid-American Conference honors as a tailback for three player on the team, the offensive player of the year in the Mid-American Conference, Miami University's athlete of the year, and gained All-America honors from the Associated Press. Hitchens had one season with 326 carries for 1,370 yards and 15 touchdowns (90 points). Hitchens had career statistics of 773 rushing attempts for 3,118 yards and 34 touchdowns (204 points). Many of Hitchens records at Miami University were later broken by Travis Prentice, including Hitchens school record of 15 touchdowns in a season. Hitchens played under Coach Bill Mallory for three years. Hitchens helped lead Miami to an 11-0 season as a co-captain his senior year in 1973 that included a Mid-American Conference title and a Tangerine Bowl victory over the University of Florida. Hitchens football jersey number 40 was retired, making him the second player to be honored following John Pont. Ben Roethlisberger became the third player to have his number retired at Miami University. Hitchens was inducted into the Miami University Hall of Fame in 1980. Following graduation, Hitchens played professional football for two years with the New England Patriots, Kansas City Chiefs and Pittsburgh Steelers. Hitchens served as an assistant football coach and helped lead Carnegie-Mellon University to three President's Conference championships and two semi-final finishes in the NCAA District III playoffs. He joined Miami's staff as an assistant football coach from 1980 to 1987.", "Alfred Hitchens Alfred Hitchens (27 November 1861 \u2013 5 October 1942) was an English painter, father, grandfather and great grandfather of artists Ivon Hitchens, John Hitchens and Simon Hitchens respectively. His work was regularly exhibited at the Royal Academy of Arts. Alfred Hitchens was born in Peckham Rye, Surrey (now London). He entered the South Kensington School of Art in 1877, followed by studies in Paris, at the Acad\u00e9mie Julian and in Rome. He married Ethel Margareth Seth-Smith in 1887 and toured Italy and southern Germany. He gained early recognition, aged 21, at a National Competition of Schools of Art. The London Daily News reported: \"... among the gold medallists, the first prize for an oil painting from the nude having been gained by Mr Alfred Hitchens, a very young man...\". After 1887, Hitchens came to exhibit regularly at the Royal Academy. His work is described in \"The Morning Post\" as: \"a worthy recruit to the classic art is to be found in Mr Alfred Hitchens\u2019 and \u2018his cleverly painted picture \u2018The Shadow of a Vow\u2019. More recently, in a biography of his son, Ivon Hitchens, his paintings of that period are characterised as \"in the academic mainstream of the day... Classical mythology alternating with the sentimentalised rustic realism of the school of Bastien-Lepage... \" He exhibited regularly in pastels at Walker's Gallery and the Fine Art Society, London in the early 1900s. Hitchens was also noted as a portrait painter for work such as his \"well-executed portrait of Mr George Hitchcock, the painter, ...\" or 'An Officer of the Machine Gun Corps', now at the National Army Museum. He died at a nursing home in Midhurst, West Sussex.", "Tim Hitchens Sir Timothy Mark Hitchens, (born 1962) is a British diplomat and a former Assistant Private Secretary to the Queen in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom, 1999\u20132002. Timothy Hitchens was seconded from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, to which he returned to become Head of the Africa Department (Equatorial). He had been First Secretary Political and Information, British High Commission, Islamabad and speechwriter for Foreign Secretary Douglas Hurd. Hitchens was born in 1962, and was educated at Dulwich College from 1972 to 1979. He then attended Christ's College, University of Cambridge, where he read English literature. After joining the Foreign and Commonwealth Office he studied Japanese, and then became Trade Secretary in Tokyo. Hitchens was Private Secretary to The Rt Hon Tristan Garel-Jones, Minister of State for Europe at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office 1990 to 1993, and speechwriter to the Foreign Secretary The Rt Hon Douglas Hurd from 1993 to 1994. He was Head of the Political Section at the British Embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan, 1994 to 1997. From 2005 to 2008 Hitchens was Deputy Ambassador at the British Embassy in Paris. From autumn 2008, Hitchens took up the position Director, European Political Affairs, in London. In August 2010 he became Director Africa. Hitchens was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 2012 New Year Honours. In 2012, Hitchens was appointed as HM Ambassador to Japan. He opened a Twitter account under the handle 'UKAmbTim' and, , had over 7000 followers. He often tweets in Japanese. Hitchens was succeeded by Paul Madden in January 2017. Hitchens was appointed chief executive officer of the Commonwealth Summit 2018 in March 2017. In January 2017, Hitchens was elected President of Wolfson College, Oxford. He assumed this post on 1 May 2018.", "The Faith of Christopher Hitchens The Faith of Christopher Hitchens: The Restless Soul of the World \u2019s Most Notorious Atheist is a 2016 book by American author and evangelist Larry Taunton. Taunton, the Executive Director of Fixed Point Foundation, a non-profit organisation dedicated to defence of the Christian faith, was a friend of the author, columnist, essayist, orator, religious and social critic and journalist Christopher Hitchens. Hitchens was a strong critic of religion and a proponent of atheism. The book \"traces Hitchens spiritual and intellectual development\" and includes claims that Hitchens flirted with Christianity after his diagnosis with terminal cancer and stared \"into the depths of eternity, teetering on the edge of belief\" and \"was wading into Christian waters, getting more than his feet wet\". The book contains several personal attacks on friends of Hitchens, describing Stephen Fry as a \"homosexual activist\", Salman Rushdie as a \"serial blasphemer\" and Lawrence Krauss as a \"smarmy little physicist\". Taunton also characterises Hitchens' funeral as \"like the man himself, largely a celebration of misanthropy, vanity and excess of every kind\". Taunton's book attracted some media attention and Taunton was interviewed on \"Newsnight\" on BBC Two alongside Lawrence Krauss who strongly criticised the book and alleged Taunton was a \"paid associate\" and not a friend of Hitchens. He also suggested Hitchens' widow was \"disgusted\" by the book. \"The Faith of Christopher Hitchens\" received a mixed critical reception. Nick Cohen, a friend of Hitchens, was strongly critical of the book in \"The Guardian\". Cohen described it as \"strange, spiteful\", the \"work of a true fanatic\". Cohen is critical of the several attacks made by Taunton on friends of Hitchens."], "answer": {"text": "Hitchens opposed the Kosovo and 2003 Iraq War,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you tell me anything interesting about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Hitchens supports Israel and denies the notion of occupied Palestinian territory,", "answer_start": 617, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why does Hitchen support Isreal and deny the notion of occupied Palestinian territory?", "answer": {"text": "viewing the British exit from Mandatory Palestine as having left a legal vacuum.", "answer_start": 699, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "how does Peter gain national sovereignty?", "answer": {"text": "upholding the principle of Westphalian sovereignty, which he described as that \"you didn't interfere in foreign countries because you didn't like the way they were governed\".", "answer_start": 248, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anything else I should know about this article", "answer": {"text": "Hitchens has stated his \"love\" for the United States and his support for the US's being the successor to Britain", "answer_start": 298, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "WHEN DID HE BECOME THE SUCCESSOR TO BRITAIN?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5b4e3566214642a6953e004aa11969a5_0_q#6", "question": "WHY DID HITCHENS OPPOSE THE KOSOVO WAR?", "rewrite": "WHY DID HITCHENS OPPOSE THE KOSOVO WAR?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Faith of Christopher Hitchens The Faith of Christopher Hitchens: The Restless Soul of the World \u2019s Most Notorious Atheist is a 2016 book by American author and evangelist Larry Taunton. Taunton, the Executive Director of Fixed Point Foundation, a non-profit organisation dedicated to defence of the Christian faith, was a friend of the author, columnist, essayist, orator, religious and social critic and journalist Christopher Hitchens. Hitchens was a strong critic of religion and a proponent of atheism. The book \"traces Hitchens spiritual and intellectual development\" and includes claims that Hitchens flirted with Christianity after his diagnosis with terminal cancer and stared \"into the depths of eternity, teetering on the edge of belief\" and \"was wading into Christian waters, getting more than his feet wet\". The book contains several personal attacks on friends of Hitchens, describing Stephen Fry as a \"homosexual activist\", Salman Rushdie as a \"serial blasphemer\" and Lawrence Krauss as a \"smarmy little physicist\". Taunton also characterises Hitchens' funeral as \"like the man himself, largely a celebration of misanthropy, vanity and excess of every kind\". Taunton's book attracted some media attention and Taunton was interviewed on \"Newsnight\" on BBC Two alongside Lawrence Krauss who strongly criticised the book and alleged Taunton was a \"paid associate\" and not a friend of Hitchens. He also suggested Hitchens' widow was \"disgusted\" by the book. \"The Faith of Christopher Hitchens\" received a mixed critical reception. Nick Cohen, a friend of Hitchens, was strongly critical of the book in \"The Guardian\". Cohen described it as \"strange, spiteful\", the \"work of a true fanatic\". Cohen is critical of the several attacks made by Taunton on friends of Hitchens.", "Bob Hitchens Bob Hitchens (born c. 1952) was a college football running back at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio from 1971\u20131973. Hitchens received all-Mid-American Conference honors as a tailback for three player on the team, the offensive player of the year in the Mid-American Conference, Miami University's athlete of the year, and gained All-America honors from the Associated Press. Hitchens had one season with 326 carries for 1,370 yards and 15 touchdowns (90 points). Hitchens had career statistics of 773 rushing attempts for 3,118 yards and 34 touchdowns (204 points). Many of Hitchens records at Miami University were later broken by Travis Prentice, including Hitchens school record of 15 touchdowns in a season. Hitchens played under Coach Bill Mallory for three years. Hitchens helped lead Miami to an 11-0 season as a co-captain his senior year in 1973 that included a Mid-American Conference title and a Tangerine Bowl victory over the University of Florida. Hitchens football jersey number 40 was retired, making him the second player to be honored following John Pont. Ben Roethlisberger became the third player to have his number retired at Miami University. Hitchens was inducted into the Miami University Hall of Fame in 1980. Following graduation, Hitchens played professional football for two years with the New England Patriots, Kansas City Chiefs and Pittsburgh Steelers. Hitchens served as an assistant football coach and helped lead Carnegie-Mellon University to three President's Conference championships and two semi-final finishes in the NCAA District III playoffs. He joined Miami's staff as an assistant football coach from 1980 to 1987.", "Tim Hitchens Sir Timothy Mark Hitchens, (born 1962) is a British diplomat and a former Assistant Private Secretary to the Queen in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom, 1999\u20132002. Timothy Hitchens was seconded from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, to which he returned to become Head of the Africa Department (Equatorial). He had been First Secretary Political and Information, British High Commission, Islamabad and speechwriter for Foreign Secretary Douglas Hurd. Hitchens was born in 1962, and was educated at Dulwich College from 1972 to 1979. He then attended Christ's College, University of Cambridge, where he read English literature. After joining the Foreign and Commonwealth Office he studied Japanese, and then became Trade Secretary in Tokyo. Hitchens was Private Secretary to The Rt Hon Tristan Garel-Jones, Minister of State for Europe at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office 1990 to 1993, and speechwriter to the Foreign Secretary The Rt Hon Douglas Hurd from 1993 to 1994. He was Head of the Political Section at the British Embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan, 1994 to 1997. From 2005 to 2008 Hitchens was Deputy Ambassador at the British Embassy in Paris. From autumn 2008, Hitchens took up the position Director, European Political Affairs, in London. In August 2010 he became Director Africa. Hitchens was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 2012 New Year Honours. In 2012, Hitchens was appointed as HM Ambassador to Japan. He opened a Twitter account under the handle 'UKAmbTim' and, , had over 7000 followers. He often tweets in Japanese. Hitchens was succeeded by Paul Madden in January 2017. Hitchens was appointed chief executive officer of the Commonwealth Summit 2018 in March 2017. In January 2017, Hitchens was elected President of Wolfson College, Oxford. He assumed this post on 1 May 2018.", "Kosovo Polje Kosovo Polje (, \"Kosovo Field\") or Fush\u00eb Kosova () is a town and municipality located in the Pristina district in central of Kosovo. According to the 2011 census, the town of Kosovo Polje has 12,919 inhabitants, while the municipality has 33,977 inhabitants. The town is located in central Kosovo, some southwest of Pristina, the capital of Kosovo. It is served by the Fush\u00eb Kosov\u00eb railway station. Kosovo Polje was named after the Kosovo Field of the 1389 Battle of Kosovo. The settlement of Kosovo Polje was established in 1921 during the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (see Colonisation of Kosovo). Prior to the 1999 Kosovo War, the town of Kosovo Polje had, according to the figures of the Federal Statistical Office in Belgrade from March 1991, a total population of 35,570 inhabitants, while the ethnic makeup was 56.6% Albanian, 23.7% Serb and 19.6% from other communities. Kosovo Polje saw considerable violence before, during and after the Kosovo War. In December 1998, Serbian deputy mayor of Kosovo Polje Zvonko Bojani\u0107 was executed by members of the Kosovo Liberation Army, despite taking a moderate line on Serb-Albanian relations. KLA representatives denied responsibility for the act. At the war's end in June 1999, most of the Albanian population returned while many of the town's Serbs were expelled. The remaining Serb population found themselves in an enclave in an Albanian-dominated region. Thousands of Serbs and Roma from other parts of Kosovo, who had fled their homes, took refuge in Kosovo Polje, where a large refugee camp was established. Ethnic tension flared repeatedly in the years after the war and a number of Serbs were killed by Albanian nationalists.", "Fadil Nimani Fadil Nimani (7 April 1967 \u2013 26 May 2001) was a Kosovar Albanian insurgent commander of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) during the Kosovo War (1998\u201399), and of the National Liberation Army (NLA) during the Macedonian Conflict (2001), in which the Albanian population sought independence of Albanian-inhabited areas in FR Yugoslavia and Republic of Macedonia, respectively. Born in Gjakova, Nimani went to local school and gymnasium, and by the start of the Kosovo War he joined the KLA and initially smuggled weapons from Albania, then became a commander in Metohija by the end of 1998. The Serbian Interior Ministry sought his arrest and he fled across into the Republic of Macedonia where he subsequently joined the NLA with the outbreak of the Macedonian conflict. He was appointed commander of the 114th Brigade of the NLA, active in the Kumanovo region, and had about 150 people under his command. He was killed by Macedonian special forces in an operation during the Macedonian Conflict, on 26 May 2001. A statue has been erected by ethnic Albanian politicians and former NLA fighters at Vaksince in his honour. Nimani was born on 7 April 1967, in the village of Grgoc, in the municipality of Gjakova, SAP Kosovo, SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia. He went to secondary school in his village, and gymnasium in the nearby village of Crmjane. An armed uprising led by Kosovo Albanian nationalists against Serbian rule erupted in the region in 1991, when an Albanian irredentist organization that came to be known as the Kosovo Liberation Army first emerged. At this time it is known that the organization underwent military training in Albania. Nimani had joined the Kosovo Liberation Army by 1998, and initially smuggled weapons from Albania at the beginning of the Kosovo War."], "answer": {"text": "on the grounds that neither was in the interests of either Britain or the United States,", "answer_start": 47}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you tell me anything interesting about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Hitchens supports Israel and denies the notion of occupied Palestinian territory,", "answer_start": 617, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why does Hitchen support Isreal and deny the notion of occupied Palestinian territory?", "answer": {"text": "viewing the British exit from Mandatory Palestine as having left a legal vacuum.", "answer_start": 699, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "how does Peter gain national sovereignty?", "answer": {"text": "upholding the principle of Westphalian sovereignty, which he described as that \"you didn't interfere in foreign countries because you didn't like the way they were governed\".", "answer_start": 248, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anything else I should know about this article", "answer": {"text": "Hitchens has stated his \"love\" for the United States and his support for the US's being the successor to Britain", "answer_start": 298, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "WHEN DID HE BECOME THE SUCCESSOR TO BRITAIN?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "HOW DOES INTERNATION RELATION RELATE TO HITCHENS?", "answer": {"text": "Hitchens opposed the Kosovo and 2003 Iraq War,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3da6cd96ca92495db793faa84b59ac32_1_q#0", "question": "What is Art Spiegelman 's writing style?", "rewrite": "What is Art Spiegelman 's writing style?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the Shadow of No Towers In the Shadow of No Towers is a 2004 work of comics by American cartoonist Art Spiegelman. It is about Spiegelman's reaction to the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center in 2001. It was originally serialized as a comic strip in the German newspaper \"Die Zeit\" from 2002 until 2004, and was collected as an oversized board book in 2004 with early American comic strips as supplementary material. The book evolved from Spiegelman's experiences during the September 11 terrorist attacks. Spiegelman has said that the book was a way to reclaim himself from the post-traumatic stress disorder he suffered after the attacks. It also has many references to Spiegelman's \"Maus\" comics, for example one in which Art said that the smoke in Manhattan smelled just like Vladek said the smoke in the concentration camps smelled. Also he often turns himself into a mouse on the fly. It was published by the German newspaper \"Die Zeit\" after Spiegelman was unable to secure publication in any major American outlet. In Britain, excerpts were published in \"The Independent\". The comic was serialised in full in the London Review of Books from March-September 2003. A segment also appeared in 2004 as part of the Actus Tragicus comics album \"Dead Herring Comics\". In 2004, the series of ten strips and a supplement of reprints of turn-of-the-20th-century comic strips such as \"The Katzenjammer Kids\" and \"The Yellow Kid\" were collected and published together as a book by Viking Books. \"In the Shadow of No Towers\" was selected by \"The New York Times\" as one of the 100 Notable Books of 2004. \"In the Shadow of No Towers\" is the inspiration for a symphony by Mohammed Fairouz.", "Nadja Spiegelman Nadja Spiegelman (born May 13, 1987) is an American writer. She is the author of \"I'm Supposed to Protect You from All This\", a memoir about her mother, grandmother and great-grandmother and the fallibility of memory. She has also written three graphic novels for children, \" Zig and Wikki in Something Ate My Homework,\" \"Zig and Wikki in The Cow\" and \"Lost in NYC: A Subway Adventure\" under the TOON Books imprint. She is the daughter of cartoonist Art Spiegelman (author of the graphic novel \"Maus\") and Fran\u00e7oise Mouly (art editor of the \"New Yorker\" since 1993). She appears in several of Art Spiegelman's works: \"Maus\" is dedicated to her and (in later editions) her brother Dashiell Spiegelman, as well as her father's deceased brother, Richieu, and she plays a role in \" In the Shadow of No Towers\", an autobiographical exploration of September 11. In 2012, Nadja Spiegelman contributed to the creation of \"Blown Covers\", Fran\u00e7oise Mouly's book of rejected \"New Yorker\" covers and is listed as the associate editor. In advance of the book's publication, Spiegelman and Mouly launched a Blown Covers tumblr which ran until October 2012. On the tumblr, the mother-daughter team hosted weekly themed 'New Yorker' cover-esque contests with prompts such as Mother's Day or the Trayvon Martin shooting. Artists submitted sketches, and 12 winners were posted every Friday along with editorial commentary by Mouly and Spiegelman. An image submitted through the website was published on the cover of the \"New Yorker\" in June 2012.", "The book closes with Vladek turning over in his bed as he finishes his story and telling Art, \"I'm tired from talking, Richieu, and it's enough stories for now. \" The final image is of Vladek and Anja's tombstone\u2014Vladek died in 1982, before the book was completed. Art Spiegelman was born on February 15, 1948, in Sweden to Polish Jews and Holocaust survivors Vladek and Anja Spiegelman. An aunt poisoned their first son Richieu to avoid capture by the Nazis four years before Spiegelman's birth. He and his parents emigrated to the United States in 1951. During his youth his mother occasionally talked about Auschwitz, but his father did not want him to know about it. Spiegelman developed an interest in comics early and began drawing professionally at 16. He spent a month in Binghamton State Mental Hospital in 1968 after a nervous breakdown. Shortly after he got out, his mother committed suicide. Spiegelman's father was not happy with his son's involvement in the hippie subculture. Spiegelman said that when he bought himself a German Volkswagen it damaged their already-strained relationship \"beyond repair\". Around this time, Spiegelman read in fanzines about such graphic artists as Frans Masereel who had made wordless novels. The discussions in those fanzines about making the Great American Novel in comics inspired him. Spiegelman became a key figure in the underground comix movement of the 1970s, both as cartoonist and editor. In 1972 Justin Green produced the semi-autobiographical comic book \"Binky Brown Meets the Holy Virgin Mary\", which inspired other underground cartoonists to produce more personal and revealing work. The same year, Green asked Spiegelman to contribute a three-page strip for a comic named \"Funny Aminals\", which Green edited.", "Maus Maus is a graphic novel by American cartoonist Art Spiegelman, serialized from 1980 to 1991. It depicts Spiegelman interviewing his father about his experiences as a Polish Jew and Holocaust survivor. The work employs postmodernist techniques and represents Jews as mice, Germans as cats, and Poles as pigs. Critics have classified \"Maus\" as memoir, biography, history, fiction, autobiography, or a mix of genres. In 1992, it became the first graphic novel to win a Pulitzer Prize (the Special Award in Letters). In the frame-tale timeline in the narrative present that begins in 1978 in New York City, Spiegelman talks with his father Vladek about his Holocaust experiences, gathering material for the \"Maus\" project he is preparing. In the narrative past, Spiegelman depicts these experiences, from the years leading up to World War II to his parents' liberation from the Nazi concentration camps. Much of the story revolves around Spiegelman's troubled relationship with his father, and the absence of his mother, who committed suicide when he was 20. Her grief-stricken husband destroyed her written accounts of Auschwitz. The book uses a minimalist drawing style and displays innovation in its pacing, structure, and page layouts. A three-page strip also called \"Maus\" that he made in 1972 gave Spiegelman an opportunity to interview his father about his life during World War II. The recorded interviews became the basis for the graphic novel, which Spiegelman began in 1978. He serialized \"Maus\" from 1980 until 1991 as an insert in \"Raw\", an avant-garde comics and graphics magazine published by Spiegelman and his wife, Fran\u00e7oise Mouly, who also appears in \"Maus\". A collected volume of the first six chapters that appeared in 1986 brought the book mainstream attention; a second volume collected the remaining chapters in 1991.", "She settled into a loft in SoHo in 1975, and did odd jobs including selling cigarettes and magazines in Grand Central Station and assembling models for a Japanese architectural company, while struggling to improve her English. While looking for comics from which to practice reading English, she came across \"Arcade\", an magazine from San Francisco co-published by New Yorker Art Spiegelman. Avant-garde filmmaker friend Ken Jacobs introduced Mouly and Spiegelman, when Spiegelman was visiting, but they did not immediately develop a mutual interest. Spiegelman moved permanently back to New York later in the year. Occasionally the two ran across each other. After reading Spiegelman's 1973 strip \"Prisoner on the Hell Planet\", about his mother's suicide, Mouly felt the urge to contact him. An eight-hour phone call led to a deepening of their relationship. Spiegelman followed her to France when she had to return to fulfill obligations in her architecture course. After returning to the United States, when Mouly ran into visa problems in 1977, the couple solved them by getting married\u2014first at City Hall, and then again after Mouly converted to Judaism to please Spiegelman's father. Beginning in 1978 Mouly and Spiegelman made yearly trips to Europe to explore the comics scene, and brought back European comics to show to their circle of friends. Mouly became immersed in Spiegelman's personal theories of comics, and helped him prepare the lecture \"Language of the Comics\" delivered at the Collective for Living Cinema. She assisted in the putting together the lavish collection of Spiegelman's experimental strips \"Breakdowns\". The printer botched the printing of the book\u201430% of the print run was unusable. The remaining copies had poor distribution and sales."], "answer": {"text": "His is a style of labored simplicity, with dense visual motifs which often go unnoticed upon first viewing.", "answer_start": 249}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_3da6cd96ca92495db793faa84b59ac32_1_q#2", "question": "Has he received any critical acclaim for his artistic style?", "rewrite": "Has Art Spiegelman received any critical acclaim for his artistic writing style?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Nadja Spiegelman Nadja Spiegelman (born May 13, 1987) is an American writer. She is the author of \"I'm Supposed to Protect You from All This\", a memoir about her mother, grandmother and great-grandmother and the fallibility of memory. She has also written three graphic novels for children, \" Zig and Wikki in Something Ate My Homework,\" \"Zig and Wikki in The Cow\" and \"Lost in NYC: A Subway Adventure\" under the TOON Books imprint. She is the daughter of cartoonist Art Spiegelman (author of the graphic novel \"Maus\") and Fran\u00e7oise Mouly (art editor of the \"New Yorker\" since 1993). She appears in several of Art Spiegelman's works: \"Maus\" is dedicated to her and (in later editions) her brother Dashiell Spiegelman, as well as her father's deceased brother, Richieu, and she plays a role in \" In the Shadow of No Towers\", an autobiographical exploration of September 11. In 2012, Nadja Spiegelman contributed to the creation of \"Blown Covers\", Fran\u00e7oise Mouly's book of rejected \"New Yorker\" covers and is listed as the associate editor. In advance of the book's publication, Spiegelman and Mouly launched a Blown Covers tumblr which ran until October 2012. On the tumblr, the mother-daughter team hosted weekly themed 'New Yorker' cover-esque contests with prompts such as Mother's Day or the Trayvon Martin shooting. Artists submitted sketches, and 12 winners were posted every Friday along with editorial commentary by Mouly and Spiegelman. An image submitted through the website was published on the cover of the \"New Yorker\" in June 2012.", "MetaMaus MetaMaus: A Look Inside a Modern Classic, Maus is a 2011 book published by Random House/Pantheon Books, that can be seen as a companion to \"The Complete different Maus\" with further background material, including filmed footage of Vladek. The centerpiece of the book is an interview of Art Spiegelman, the author of \"Maus\", conducted by Hillary Chute. It also has interviews with his wife and children, sketches, photographs, family trees, assorted artwork, and a DVD with video, audio, photos, and an interactive version of \"Maus\". It also has documents such as the letters of rejection Spiegelman received from major publishers before Pantheon gave him a contract. \"MetaMaus\" won a 2011 National Jewish Book Award in the category Biography, Autobiography, Memoir, a 2012 Eisner Awards in the category best comics-related book,) and an honourable mention in the 2012 Sophy Brody Award. In the UK, publisher Penguin Books writes the title as \"MetaMAUS\".", "The book closes with Vladek turning over in his bed as he finishes his story and telling Art, \"I'm tired from talking, Richieu, and it's enough stories for now. \" The final image is of Vladek and Anja's tombstone\u2014Vladek died in 1982, before the book was completed. Art Spiegelman was born on February 15, 1948, in Sweden to Polish Jews and Holocaust survivors Vladek and Anja Spiegelman. An aunt poisoned their first son Richieu to avoid capture by the Nazis four years before Spiegelman's birth. He and his parents emigrated to the United States in 1951. During his youth his mother occasionally talked about Auschwitz, but his father did not want him to know about it. Spiegelman developed an interest in comics early and began drawing professionally at 16. He spent a month in Binghamton State Mental Hospital in 1968 after a nervous breakdown. Shortly after he got out, his mother committed suicide. Spiegelman's father was not happy with his son's involvement in the hippie subculture. Spiegelman said that when he bought himself a German Volkswagen it damaged their already-strained relationship \"beyond repair\". Around this time, Spiegelman read in fanzines about such graphic artists as Frans Masereel who had made wordless novels. The discussions in those fanzines about making the Great American Novel in comics inspired him. Spiegelman became a key figure in the underground comix movement of the 1970s, both as cartoonist and editor. In 1972 Justin Green produced the semi-autobiographical comic book \"Binky Brown Meets the Holy Virgin Mary\", which inspired other underground cartoonists to produce more personal and revealing work. The same year, Green asked Spiegelman to contribute a three-page strip for a comic named \"Funny Aminals\", which Green edited.", "She settled into a loft in SoHo in 1975, and did odd jobs including selling cigarettes and magazines in Grand Central Station and assembling models for a Japanese architectural company, while struggling to improve her English. While looking for comics from which to practice reading English, she came across \"Arcade\", an magazine from San Francisco co-published by New Yorker Art Spiegelman. Avant-garde filmmaker friend Ken Jacobs introduced Mouly and Spiegelman, when Spiegelman was visiting, but they did not immediately develop a mutual interest. Spiegelman moved permanently back to New York later in the year. Occasionally the two ran across each other. After reading Spiegelman's 1973 strip \"Prisoner on the Hell Planet\", about his mother's suicide, Mouly felt the urge to contact him. An eight-hour phone call led to a deepening of their relationship. Spiegelman followed her to France when she had to return to fulfill obligations in her architecture course. After returning to the United States, when Mouly ran into visa problems in 1977, the couple solved them by getting married\u2014first at City Hall, and then again after Mouly converted to Judaism to please Spiegelman's father. Beginning in 1978 Mouly and Spiegelman made yearly trips to Europe to explore the comics scene, and brought back European comics to show to their circle of friends. Mouly became immersed in Spiegelman's personal theories of comics, and helped him prepare the lecture \"Language of the Comics\" delivered at the Collective for Living Cinema. She assisted in the putting together the lavish collection of Spiegelman's experimental strips \"Breakdowns\". The printer botched the printing of the book\u201430% of the print run was unusable. The remaining copies had poor distribution and sales.", "Spiegelman was born Itzhak Avraham ben Zeev in Stockholm, Sweden, on February 15, 1948. He immigrated with his parents to the US in 1951. Upon immigration his name was registered as Arthur Isadore, but he later had his given name changed to Art. Initially the family settled in Norristown, Pennsylvania, and then relocated to Rego Park in Queens, New York City, in 1957. He began cartooning in 1960 and imitated the style of his favorite comic books, such as Mad. At Russell Sage Junior High School, where he was an honors student, he produced the Mad-inspired fanzine Blase. He was earning money from his drawing by the time he reached high school and sold artwork to the original Long Island Press and other outlets. His talent was such that he caught the eyes of United Features Syndicate, who offered him the chance to produce a syndicated comic strip. Dedicated to the idea of art as expression, he turned down this commercial opportunity. He attended the High School of Art and Design in Manhattan beginning in 1963. He met Woody Gelman, the art director of Topps Chewing Gum Company, who encouraged Spiegelman to apply to Topps after graduating high school. At 15 Spiegelman received payment for his work from a Rego Park newspaper. After his graduation in 1965, Spiegelman's parents urged him to pursue the financial security of a career such as dentistry, but he chose instead to enroll at Harpur College to study art and philosophy. While there, he got a freelance art job at Topps, which provided him with an income for the next two decades. Spiegelman attended Harpur College from 1965 until 1968, where he worked as staff cartoonist for the college newspaper and edited a college humor magazine."], "answer": {"text": "critic in The New Republic compared Spiegelman's dialogue writing to a young Philip Roth", "answer_start": 1457}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Art Spiegelman 's writing style?", "answer": {"text": "His is a style of labored simplicity, with dense visual motifs which often go unnoticed upon first viewing.", "answer_start": 249, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How old was he when he began developing his unique style?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3da6cd96ca92495db793faa84b59ac32_1_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about Art Spiegelman's dialogue writing style, besides labored simplicity, with dense visual motifs?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Nadja Spiegelman Nadja Spiegelman (born May 13, 1987) is an American writer. She is the author of \"I'm Supposed to Protect You from All This\", a memoir about her mother, grandmother and great-grandmother and the fallibility of memory. She has also written three graphic novels for children, \" Zig and Wikki in Something Ate My Homework,\" \"Zig and Wikki in The Cow\" and \"Lost in NYC: A Subway Adventure\" under the TOON Books imprint. She is the daughter of cartoonist Art Spiegelman (author of the graphic novel \"Maus\") and Fran\u00e7oise Mouly (art editor of the \"New Yorker\" since 1993). She appears in several of Art Spiegelman's works: \"Maus\" is dedicated to her and (in later editions) her brother Dashiell Spiegelman, as well as her father's deceased brother, Richieu, and she plays a role in \" In the Shadow of No Towers\", an autobiographical exploration of September 11. In 2012, Nadja Spiegelman contributed to the creation of \"Blown Covers\", Fran\u00e7oise Mouly's book of rejected \"New Yorker\" covers and is listed as the associate editor. In advance of the book's publication, Spiegelman and Mouly launched a Blown Covers tumblr which ran until October 2012. On the tumblr, the mother-daughter team hosted weekly themed 'New Yorker' cover-esque contests with prompts such as Mother's Day or the Trayvon Martin shooting. Artists submitted sketches, and 12 winners were posted every Friday along with editorial commentary by Mouly and Spiegelman. An image submitted through the website was published on the cover of the \"New Yorker\" in June 2012.", "The book closes with Vladek turning over in his bed as he finishes his story and telling Art, \"I'm tired from talking, Richieu, and it's enough stories for now. \" The final image is of Vladek and Anja's tombstone\u2014Vladek died in 1982, before the book was completed. Art Spiegelman was born on February 15, 1948, in Sweden to Polish Jews and Holocaust survivors Vladek and Anja Spiegelman. An aunt poisoned their first son Richieu to avoid capture by the Nazis four years before Spiegelman's birth. He and his parents emigrated to the United States in 1951. During his youth his mother occasionally talked about Auschwitz, but his father did not want him to know about it. Spiegelman developed an interest in comics early and began drawing professionally at 16. He spent a month in Binghamton State Mental Hospital in 1968 after a nervous breakdown. Shortly after he got out, his mother committed suicide. Spiegelman's father was not happy with his son's involvement in the hippie subculture. Spiegelman said that when he bought himself a German Volkswagen it damaged their already-strained relationship \"beyond repair\". Around this time, Spiegelman read in fanzines about such graphic artists as Frans Masereel who had made wordless novels. The discussions in those fanzines about making the Great American Novel in comics inspired him. Spiegelman became a key figure in the underground comix movement of the 1970s, both as cartoonist and editor. In 1972 Justin Green produced the semi-autobiographical comic book \"Binky Brown Meets the Holy Virgin Mary\", which inspired other underground cartoonists to produce more personal and revealing work. The same year, Green asked Spiegelman to contribute a three-page strip for a comic named \"Funny Aminals\", which Green edited.", "Attems The Attems are an ancient and illustrious Friulian parliamentary family that held the titles of princes, counts and barons. The family, from the native castle of Attimis, branched off into Italy and Austria in different lineages, each named after different fiefdoms and domains held. It seems certain that the founder of it is Enrico, already Marquis of Tuscany, who in February 1170 was appointed with his brother Arpone among the deacons of the patriarch of Aquileia Woldarico and from this, in the same year, was conferred the castle of Attems or Attimis. The main lines of this family are those of the Attems of the Trident, that branched in the Attems of Cividale (extinct); the Attems of Udine; the Attems of S. Croce; and the Attems Petzenstein, and that of the Attems of the Bear (Extinct). The probable origins date back to the Counts of Monfort, such sentiment has been displayed by writers such as Wolfgango Lazio, from ancient manuscripts of the library of the princes Landi of the Val di Taro which contains clear history regarding the most illustrious families of Northern Italy and finally, from the ancient papers of the precious deposit of the archives of the Counts of Attems, which more accurately confirm their origin from the Counts of Monfort. From there it is also possible to discern the family's coat-of-arms of the Trident, typical of the Monfort Dukes of Franconia. Enrico, son of Rodolfo, count of Bregenz and Monfort, participated in the wars of Italy led by Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor.", "She settled into a loft in SoHo in 1975, and did odd jobs including selling cigarettes and magazines in Grand Central Station and assembling models for a Japanese architectural company, while struggling to improve her English. While looking for comics from which to practice reading English, she came across \"Arcade\", an magazine from San Francisco co-published by New Yorker Art Spiegelman. Avant-garde filmmaker friend Ken Jacobs introduced Mouly and Spiegelman, when Spiegelman was visiting, but they did not immediately develop a mutual interest. Spiegelman moved permanently back to New York later in the year. Occasionally the two ran across each other. After reading Spiegelman's 1973 strip \"Prisoner on the Hell Planet\", about his mother's suicide, Mouly felt the urge to contact him. An eight-hour phone call led to a deepening of their relationship. Spiegelman followed her to France when she had to return to fulfill obligations in her architecture course. After returning to the United States, when Mouly ran into visa problems in 1977, the couple solved them by getting married\u2014first at City Hall, and then again after Mouly converted to Judaism to please Spiegelman's father. Beginning in 1978 Mouly and Spiegelman made yearly trips to Europe to explore the comics scene, and brought back European comics to show to their circle of friends. Mouly became immersed in Spiegelman's personal theories of comics, and helped him prepare the lecture \"Language of the Comics\" delivered at the Collective for Living Cinema. She assisted in the putting together the lavish collection of Spiegelman's experimental strips \"Breakdowns\". The printer botched the printing of the book\u201430% of the print run was unusable. The remaining copies had poor distribution and sales.", "\"All comic-strip drawings must function as diagrams, simplified picture-words that indicate more than they show.\" Spiegelman suffers from a lazy eye, and thus lacks depth perception. He says his art style is \"really a result of [his] deficiencies\". His is a style of labored simplicity, with dense visual motifs which often go unnoticed upon first viewing. He sees comics as \"very condensed thought structures\", more akin to poetry than prose, which need careful, time-consuming planning that their seeming simplicity belies.Spiegelman's work prominently displays his concern with form, and pushing the boundaries of what is and is not comics. Early in the underground comix era, Spiegelman proclaimed to Robert Crumb, \"Time is an illusion that can be shattered in comics! Showing the same scene from different angles freezes it in time by turning the page into a diagram--an orthographic projection!\" His comics experiment with time, space, recursion, and representation. He uses the word \"decode\" to express the action of reading comics and sees comics as functioning best when expressed as diagrams, icons, or symbols. Spiegelman has stated he does not see himself primarily as a visual artist, one who instinctively sketches or doodles. He has said he approaches his work as a writer as he lacks confidence in his graphic skills. He subjects his dialogue and visuals to constant revision--he reworked some dialogue balloons in Maus up to forty times. A critic in The New Republic compared Spiegelman's dialogue writing to a young Philip Roth in his ability \"to make the Jewish speech of several generations sound fresh and convincing\". Spiegelman makes use of both old- and new-fashioned tools in his work."], "answer": {"text": "His comics experiment with time, space, recursion, and representation.", "answer_start": 902}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is Art Spiegelman 's writing style?", "answer": {"text": "His is a style of labored simplicity, with dense visual motifs which often go unnoticed upon first viewing.", "answer_start": 249, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How old was he when he began developing his unique style?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has he received any critical acclaim for his artistic style?", "answer": {"text": "critic in The New Republic compared Spiegelman's dialogue writing to a young Philip Roth", "answer_start": 1457, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has his work won any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6e304e7e9c2a4a2cbf067df6ea667ac2_0_q#0", "question": "What were Georg Brandes's later writings?", "rewrite": "What were Georg Brandes's later writings?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Elise Brandes Elise Brandes (n\u00e9e Rustad, 1873\u20131918) was a Danish sculptor who specialized in busts. She was the wife of the Danish politician and writer, Edvard Brandes. Brandes was born on 24 July 1873 in Lysaker, B\u00e6rum Municipality, in south-eastern Norway. She was the daughter of the physician Carl G. W. Rustad (1839\u20131918) and his wife Marie M. Hauge. After attending the Royal Drawing and Art School in Kristiania, she moved to Denmark where she studied at the Art School for Women (Kunstskolen for Kvinder) in Copenhagen. From 1905 to 1906, she was a student of Stephan Sinding at the Royal Danish Academy. After marrying Edvard Brandes in 1900, she became associated with the political and cultural elite, several of whom she depicted in her busts. One of her most notable creations is that of the writer Gustav Wied (1909) with his subtle smile and his devilish look. Others depict Edvard's elder brother, the scholar Georg Brandes (1907), the actor Johannes Poulsen (1909), the literary historian Vilhelm Andersen (c.1913) and the Swedish artist Anders Zorn (1917). Other notable pieces include a marble relief of Johannes Poulsen's father, Emil Poulsen (1906), and a bronze statuette of the actress Grethe Hasselbach dancing (1912), both of which are in Copenhagen's Theatre Museum. In her later years, she was unable to work owing to poor health. She died on 3 November 1918 in Copenhagen. Brandes worked with a variety of materials such as sandstone, marble and wood In her later years, she was unable to work owing to poor health. She died on 3 November 1918 in Copenhagen.", "Maria Stona Maria Stona; Marie Scholz; born Stonawski (1859\u20131944) was a Silesian German writer and poet. Her daughter was the sculptor Helen Zelezny-Scholz. In T\u0159ebovice she led artistic salon. She drew into her circles many noticeable persons, world-famous artists, politicians and writers such as Georg Brandes, Georges Clemenceau, Berta von Suttner, Flinders Petrie, Stefan Zweig, being among her guests in her home the Chateau of T\u0159ebovice (Strzebowitz). She corresponded regularly with Georg Brandes from 1899 to his death 1927. Maria Stona died in 1944, during the World War II. In the course of the liberation of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Red Army her chateau was damaged and subsequently was deteriorating. It was completely demolished in 1958. Some of her books are available at The Royal Library in Copenhagen, where some of her letters may also be found in \"Georg Brandes Arkivet\". Maria Scholz was a daughter of Joseph Stonawski, who bought the Castle Strebowitz in 1861, and his wife Marie Prymus from Sob\u011b\u0161ovice in Cieszyn Silesia. She used the first two syllables of her birth name, Stonawski, as her pseudonym Maria Stona. In 1881 Maria Scholz married Dr. jur. Albert Scholz, a son of Alois Scholz (1821\u20131883), the director of the steel works of Witkowitz mining and metallurgical trade union in Moravia-Ostrava. The couple lived from 1881 to 1888 in Chropyn\u011b in Moravia, where their daughter Helen Zelezny-Scholz was born on 16 August 1882. The marriage to Albert Scholz lasted until 1899.", "Edvard Brandes Carl Edvard Cohen Brandes (21 October 1847, Copenhagen \u2013 20 December 1931, Copenhagen) was a Danish politician, critic and author, and the younger brother of Georg Brandes and Ernst Brandes. He had a Ph.D. in eastern philology. Brandes was a member of the Folketing for the party Venstre from 1880 to 1894. Along with Viggo H\u00f8rup and Christen Berg, Brandes was editor of the newspaper \"Morgenbladet\" (literally \"the morning paper\"), which was associated with the party, from 1880 to 1883, when Berg fired Brandes and H\u00f8rup over a conflict on the points of view that the newspaper voiced. In 1884, he cofounded the newspaper \"Politiken\" with H\u00f8rup and Hermann Bang. Brandes used his position within the newspaper to promote literature that supported his own political point of view and to criticize literature which contained nationalliberal or Grundtvigian points of view, often in direct conflict with his opinion of their quality, but nevertheless he played a significant part in reforming literary criticism in Denmark. He joined the party Det Radikale Venstre shortly after its founding in 1905, and he was a member of the Landsting for the party from the 1906 election until 1927. He was Minister of Finance from 1909 to 1910 and again from 1913 to 1920 as a member of the Cabinets of Zahle I and II. He was the father-in-law of Norwegian chemist Georg Dedichen, and brother-in-law of Mette-Sophie Gad the wife of French artist Paul Gauguin", "Ernst Immanuel Cohen Brandes Ernst Immanuel Cohen Brandes (1 February 1844 \u2013 6 August 1892) was a Danish economist, writer, and newspaper editor best known for editing the \"Kj\u00f8benhavns B\u00f8rs-Tidende\", which published articles written by leading Danish men of letters, including future Nobel Prize winner Henrik Pontoppidan, during a period later hailed as the Modern Breakthrough in Danish literature. Outraged by his politicized blasphemy conviction for an article anonymously written by Pontoppidan for the \"Kj\u00f8benhavns B\u00f8rs-Tidende\" in 1889, Brandes committed suicide in 1892. Ernst Brandes was born to a Danish Jewish family in Copenhagen on 1 February 1844, some two years after his elder brother Georg Brandes and three years before the youngest, Edvard. Trained as an economist, Brandes spent much of the energies of his brief life on economic and social questions. The chief objects of Brandes' attack in his 1885 \"Samfundssporgsmaal\" were the population theories of Thomas Malthus and theory of value advanced by David Ricardo. Though prominent as a social liberal, Brandes reserved part of \"Samfundssporgsmaal\" for a critique of the Marxist movement. Brandes came to write for the \"Politiken\", which Edvard had helped to found in 1884, before editing his own newspaper, the \"Kj\u00f8benhavns B\u00f8rs-Tidende\", in 1889 - an idiosyncratic undertaking meant to combine stock price lists and radical literature. Successful in his efforts to attract a wide range of talented writers, Brandes published the literary efforts and social commentary of such authors as Johannes J\u00f8rgensen, Sophus Claussen, and Viggo Stuckenberg.", "Johannes J\u00f8rgensen Jens Johannes J\u00f8rgensen (6 November 1866 in Svendborg \u2013 29 May 1956) was a Danish writer, best known for his biographies of Catholic saints. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times. Johannes J\u00f8rgensen was born in 1866 in Svendborg, Denmark. In 1884, he travelled to Copenhagen to start his studies, but he quit his studies in 1888. In Copenhagen he began to develop radical social views, which soon led him into a circle of cultural and radical artists. He was fascinated by the Russian nihilists and by Georg Brandes who boasted of dispelling \"the darkness of Christianity. \" He led a life of pleasure and married, but his happiness did not last. New voices announcing spiritual values were then being heard in Denmark. J\u00f8rgensen read Joris-Karl Huysmans, Maurice Maeterlinck and others. He broke with Georg Brandes and his school, which would later cause his ruin. From his earliest years, he had shown a strong love of poetry through which he could express his dreams and observations. For the rest of his life, poetry remained one of his more prominent modes of expression. But with his innate melancholy temperament, he found no permanent place in cultural radicalism and materialism, where Eros and connoisseur, summarized in pantheism's worship of nature was prevalent. Therefore, he began a quest for more spiritually motivated sources of inspiration together with other like-minded people. As an editor of the magazine \"The Tower\" (\"Taarnet\" in Danish) in the years 1893-94, he had an outlet for expressing his ideas about symbolism, and his opposition to naturalism. Symbolists quickly came across the prevailing literary circles, in particular, the brothers Georg and Edvard Brandes, who did not spare the young rebels."], "answer": {"text": "Among his later writings must be mentioned the monographs on Soren Kierkegaard (1877), Esaias Tegner (1878), Benjamin Disraeli (1878),", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6e304e7e9c2a4a2cbf067df6ea667ac2_0_q#1", "question": "What were some of his most important later writings?", "rewrite": "What were some of Georg Brandes's most important later writings?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Johannes J\u00f8rgensen Jens Johannes J\u00f8rgensen (6 November 1866 in Svendborg \u2013 29 May 1956) was a Danish writer, best known for his biographies of Catholic saints. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times. Johannes J\u00f8rgensen was born in 1866 in Svendborg, Denmark. In 1884, he travelled to Copenhagen to start his studies, but he quit his studies in 1888. In Copenhagen he began to develop radical social views, which soon led him into a circle of cultural and radical artists. He was fascinated by the Russian nihilists and by Georg Brandes who boasted of dispelling \"the darkness of Christianity. \" He led a life of pleasure and married, but his happiness did not last. New voices announcing spiritual values were then being heard in Denmark. J\u00f8rgensen read Joris-Karl Huysmans, Maurice Maeterlinck and others. He broke with Georg Brandes and his school, which would later cause his ruin. From his earliest years, he had shown a strong love of poetry through which he could express his dreams and observations. For the rest of his life, poetry remained one of his more prominent modes of expression. But with his innate melancholy temperament, he found no permanent place in cultural radicalism and materialism, where Eros and connoisseur, summarized in pantheism's worship of nature was prevalent. Therefore, he began a quest for more spiritually motivated sources of inspiration together with other like-minded people. As an editor of the magazine \"The Tower\" (\"Taarnet\" in Danish) in the years 1893-94, he had an outlet for expressing his ideas about symbolism, and his opposition to naturalism. Symbolists quickly came across the prevailing literary circles, in particular, the brothers Georg and Edvard Brandes, who did not spare the young rebels.", "Ernst Immanuel Cohen Brandes Ernst Immanuel Cohen Brandes (1 February 1844 \u2013 6 August 1892) was a Danish economist, writer, and newspaper editor best known for editing the \"Kj\u00f8benhavns B\u00f8rs-Tidende\", which published articles written by leading Danish men of letters, including future Nobel Prize winner Henrik Pontoppidan, during a period later hailed as the Modern Breakthrough in Danish literature. Outraged by his politicized blasphemy conviction for an article anonymously written by Pontoppidan for the \"Kj\u00f8benhavns B\u00f8rs-Tidende\" in 1889, Brandes committed suicide in 1892. Ernst Brandes was born to a Danish Jewish family in Copenhagen on 1 February 1844, some two years after his elder brother Georg Brandes and three years before the youngest, Edvard. Trained as an economist, Brandes spent much of the energies of his brief life on economic and social questions. The chief objects of Brandes' attack in his 1885 \"Samfundssporgsmaal\" were the population theories of Thomas Malthus and theory of value advanced by David Ricardo. Though prominent as a social liberal, Brandes reserved part of \"Samfundssporgsmaal\" for a critique of the Marxist movement. Brandes came to write for the \"Politiken\", which Edvard had helped to found in 1884, before editing his own newspaper, the \"Kj\u00f8benhavns B\u00f8rs-Tidende\", in 1889 - an idiosyncratic undertaking meant to combine stock price lists and radical literature. Successful in his efforts to attract a wide range of talented writers, Brandes published the literary efforts and social commentary of such authors as Johannes J\u00f8rgensen, Sophus Claussen, and Viggo Stuckenberg.", "Maria Stona Maria Stona; Marie Scholz; born Stonawski (1859\u20131944) was a Silesian German writer and poet. Her daughter was the sculptor Helen Zelezny-Scholz. In T\u0159ebovice she led artistic salon. She drew into her circles many noticeable persons, world-famous artists, politicians and writers such as Georg Brandes, Georges Clemenceau, Berta von Suttner, Flinders Petrie, Stefan Zweig, being among her guests in her home the Chateau of T\u0159ebovice (Strzebowitz). She corresponded regularly with Georg Brandes from 1899 to his death 1927. Maria Stona died in 1944, during the World War II. In the course of the liberation of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Red Army her chateau was damaged and subsequently was deteriorating. It was completely demolished in 1958. Some of her books are available at The Royal Library in Copenhagen, where some of her letters may also be found in \"Georg Brandes Arkivet\". Maria Scholz was a daughter of Joseph Stonawski, who bought the Castle Strebowitz in 1861, and his wife Marie Prymus from Sob\u011b\u0161ovice in Cieszyn Silesia. She used the first two syllables of her birth name, Stonawski, as her pseudonym Maria Stona. In 1881 Maria Scholz married Dr. jur. Albert Scholz, a son of Alois Scholz (1821\u20131883), the director of the steel works of Witkowitz mining and metallurgical trade union in Moravia-Ostrava. The couple lived from 1881 to 1888 in Chropyn\u011b in Moravia, where their daughter Helen Zelezny-Scholz was born on 16 August 1882. The marriage to Albert Scholz lasted until 1899.", "Edvard Brandes Carl Edvard Cohen Brandes (21 October 1847, Copenhagen \u2013 20 December 1931, Copenhagen) was a Danish politician, critic and author, and the younger brother of Georg Brandes and Ernst Brandes. He had a Ph.D. in eastern philology. Brandes was a member of the Folketing for the party Venstre from 1880 to 1894. Along with Viggo H\u00f8rup and Christen Berg, Brandes was editor of the newspaper \"Morgenbladet\" (literally \"the morning paper\"), which was associated with the party, from 1880 to 1883, when Berg fired Brandes and H\u00f8rup over a conflict on the points of view that the newspaper voiced. In 1884, he cofounded the newspaper \"Politiken\" with H\u00f8rup and Hermann Bang. Brandes used his position within the newspaper to promote literature that supported his own political point of view and to criticize literature which contained nationalliberal or Grundtvigian points of view, often in direct conflict with his opinion of their quality, but nevertheless he played a significant part in reforming literary criticism in Denmark. He joined the party Det Radikale Venstre shortly after its founding in 1905, and he was a member of the Landsting for the party from the 1906 election until 1927. He was Minister of Finance from 1909 to 1910 and again from 1913 to 1920 as a member of the Cabinets of Zahle I and II. He was the father-in-law of Norwegian chemist Georg Dedichen, and brother-in-law of Mette-Sophie Gad the wife of French artist Paul Gauguin", "Elise Brandes Elise Brandes (n\u00e9e Rustad, 1873\u20131918) was a Danish sculptor who specialized in busts. She was the wife of the Danish politician and writer, Edvard Brandes. Brandes was born on 24 July 1873 in Lysaker, B\u00e6rum Municipality, in south-eastern Norway. She was the daughter of the physician Carl G. W. Rustad (1839\u20131918) and his wife Marie M. Hauge. After attending the Royal Drawing and Art School in Kristiania, she moved to Denmark where she studied at the Art School for Women (Kunstskolen for Kvinder) in Copenhagen. From 1905 to 1906, she was a student of Stephan Sinding at the Royal Danish Academy. After marrying Edvard Brandes in 1900, she became associated with the political and cultural elite, several of whom she depicted in her busts. One of her most notable creations is that of the writer Gustav Wied (1909) with his subtle smile and his devilish look. Others depict Edvard's elder brother, the scholar Georg Brandes (1907), the actor Johannes Poulsen (1909), the literary historian Vilhelm Andersen (c.1913) and the Swedish artist Anders Zorn (1917). Other notable pieces include a marble relief of Johannes Poulsen's father, Emil Poulsen (1906), and a bronze statuette of the actress Grethe Hasselbach dancing (1912), both of which are in Copenhagen's Theatre Museum. In her later years, she was unable to work owing to poor health. She died on 3 November 1918 in Copenhagen. Brandes worked with a variety of materials such as sandstone, marble and wood In her later years, she was unable to work owing to poor health. She died on 3 November 1918 in Copenhagen."], "answer": {"text": "The most important of his later works was his study of William Shakespeare (1897-1898), which was translated into English by William Archer and was highly acclaimed.", "answer_start": 837}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were Georg Brandes's later writings?", "answer": {"text": "Among his later writings must be mentioned the monographs on Soren Kierkegaard (1877), Esaias Tegner (1878), Benjamin Disraeli (1878),", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6e304e7e9c2a4a2cbf067df6ea667ac2_0_q#2", "question": "What made that his most important work?", "rewrite": "What made Georg Brandes's study of William Shakespeare his most important work?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Johannes J\u00f8rgensen Jens Johannes J\u00f8rgensen (6 November 1866 in Svendborg \u2013 29 May 1956) was a Danish writer, best known for his biographies of Catholic saints. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times. Johannes J\u00f8rgensen was born in 1866 in Svendborg, Denmark. In 1884, he travelled to Copenhagen to start his studies, but he quit his studies in 1888. In Copenhagen he began to develop radical social views, which soon led him into a circle of cultural and radical artists. He was fascinated by the Russian nihilists and by Georg Brandes who boasted of dispelling \"the darkness of Christianity. \" He led a life of pleasure and married, but his happiness did not last. New voices announcing spiritual values were then being heard in Denmark. J\u00f8rgensen read Joris-Karl Huysmans, Maurice Maeterlinck and others. He broke with Georg Brandes and his school, which would later cause his ruin. From his earliest years, he had shown a strong love of poetry through which he could express his dreams and observations. For the rest of his life, poetry remained one of his more prominent modes of expression. But with his innate melancholy temperament, he found no permanent place in cultural radicalism and materialism, where Eros and connoisseur, summarized in pantheism's worship of nature was prevalent. Therefore, he began a quest for more spiritually motivated sources of inspiration together with other like-minded people. As an editor of the magazine \"The Tower\" (\"Taarnet\" in Danish) in the years 1893-94, he had an outlet for expressing his ideas about symbolism, and his opposition to naturalism. Symbolists quickly came across the prevailing literary circles, in particular, the brothers Georg and Edvard Brandes, who did not spare the young rebels.", "Modern Breakthrough The Modern Breakthrough (, , ) is the common name of the strong movement of naturalism and debating literature of Scandinavia which replaced romanticism near the end of the 19th century. The term \"The Modern Breakthrough\" is used about the period 1870-1890 in the history of literature in Scandinavia, which in this period had a breakthrough from the rest of Europe. Danish theorist Georg Brandes is often considered to be the \"wire-puller\" behind the movement, although some of the authors had already begun to write in a realistic style before he formulated the aesthetic paradigm of the movement. His lectures at Copenhagen University starting 1871 and his work \"Main Currents in 19th Century Literature\" (Danish: \"Hovedstr\u00f8mninger i det 19. Aarhundredes Litteratur\") mark the beginning of the period. The authors during the Modern Breakthrough revolted against traditional cultural themes, especially the literary period of romanticism. The writers of the Modern Breakthrough adopted a more realistic bent. The authors of the Breakthrough also adopted more liberal views on such topics as sexuality and religion, and expressed openly their interest in scientific breakthroughs such as Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. Female writers also gained unprecedented influence during this time. The very beginning of The Modern Breakthrough is usually attributed to Georg Brandes, who already in 1869 translated the controversial essay \"The Subjection of Women\" by John Stuart Mill into Danish. In the following years, Brandes lectured at Copenhagen University and after that in most of Europe with criticism of romanticism. He also wrote books and articles on the subject, and especially \"Main Currents in 19th Century Literature\", which was published in several volumes from 1872 important as a theoretical basis for the literature of the time. A number of the other authors of the period had international contacts, and many of them lived abroad in shorter periods.", "Ernst Immanuel Cohen Brandes Ernst Immanuel Cohen Brandes (1 February 1844 \u2013 6 August 1892) was a Danish economist, writer, and newspaper editor best known for editing the \"Kj\u00f8benhavns B\u00f8rs-Tidende\", which published articles written by leading Danish men of letters, including future Nobel Prize winner Henrik Pontoppidan, during a period later hailed as the Modern Breakthrough in Danish literature. Outraged by his politicized blasphemy conviction for an article anonymously written by Pontoppidan for the \"Kj\u00f8benhavns B\u00f8rs-Tidende\" in 1889, Brandes committed suicide in 1892. Ernst Brandes was born to a Danish Jewish family in Copenhagen on 1 February 1844, some two years after his elder brother Georg Brandes and three years before the youngest, Edvard. Trained as an economist, Brandes spent much of the energies of his brief life on economic and social questions. The chief objects of Brandes' attack in his 1885 \"Samfundssporgsmaal\" were the population theories of Thomas Malthus and theory of value advanced by David Ricardo. Though prominent as a social liberal, Brandes reserved part of \"Samfundssporgsmaal\" for a critique of the Marxist movement. Brandes came to write for the \"Politiken\", which Edvard had helped to found in 1884, before editing his own newspaper, the \"Kj\u00f8benhavns B\u00f8rs-Tidende\", in 1889 - an idiosyncratic undertaking meant to combine stock price lists and radical literature. Successful in his efforts to attract a wide range of talented writers, Brandes published the literary efforts and social commentary of such authors as Johannes J\u00f8rgensen, Sophus Claussen, and Viggo Stuckenberg.", "Maria Stona Maria Stona; Marie Scholz; born Stonawski (1859\u20131944) was a Silesian German writer and poet. Her daughter was the sculptor Helen Zelezny-Scholz. In T\u0159ebovice she led artistic salon. She drew into her circles many noticeable persons, world-famous artists, politicians and writers such as Georg Brandes, Georges Clemenceau, Berta von Suttner, Flinders Petrie, Stefan Zweig, being among her guests in her home the Chateau of T\u0159ebovice (Strzebowitz). She corresponded regularly with Georg Brandes from 1899 to his death 1927. Maria Stona died in 1944, during the World War II. In the course of the liberation of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Red Army her chateau was damaged and subsequently was deteriorating. It was completely demolished in 1958. Some of her books are available at The Royal Library in Copenhagen, where some of her letters may also be found in \"Georg Brandes Arkivet\". Maria Scholz was a daughter of Joseph Stonawski, who bought the Castle Strebowitz in 1861, and his wife Marie Prymus from Sob\u011b\u0161ovice in Cieszyn Silesia. She used the first two syllables of her birth name, Stonawski, as her pseudonym Maria Stona. In 1881 Maria Scholz married Dr. jur. Albert Scholz, a son of Alois Scholz (1821\u20131883), the director of the steel works of Witkowitz mining and metallurgical trade union in Moravia-Ostrava. The couple lived from 1881 to 1888 in Chropyn\u011b in Moravia, where their daughter Helen Zelezny-Scholz was born on 16 August 1882. The marriage to Albert Scholz lasted until 1899.", "Edvard Brandes Carl Edvard Cohen Brandes (21 October 1847, Copenhagen \u2013 20 December 1931, Copenhagen) was a Danish politician, critic and author, and the younger brother of Georg Brandes and Ernst Brandes. He had a Ph.D. in eastern philology. Brandes was a member of the Folketing for the party Venstre from 1880 to 1894. Along with Viggo H\u00f8rup and Christen Berg, Brandes was editor of the newspaper \"Morgenbladet\" (literally \"the morning paper\"), which was associated with the party, from 1880 to 1883, when Berg fired Brandes and H\u00f8rup over a conflict on the points of view that the newspaper voiced. In 1884, he cofounded the newspaper \"Politiken\" with H\u00f8rup and Hermann Bang. Brandes used his position within the newspaper to promote literature that supported his own political point of view and to criticize literature which contained nationalliberal or Grundtvigian points of view, often in direct conflict with his opinion of their quality, but nevertheless he played a significant part in reforming literary criticism in Denmark. He joined the party Det Radikale Venstre shortly after its founding in 1905, and he was a member of the Landsting for the party from the 1906 election until 1927. He was Minister of Finance from 1909 to 1910 and again from 1913 to 1920 as a member of the Cabinets of Zahle I and II. He was the father-in-law of Norwegian chemist Georg Dedichen, and brother-in-law of Mette-Sophie Gad the wife of French artist Paul Gauguin"], "answer": {"text": "was, perhaps, history's most authoritative work on Shakespeare not principally intended for an English-speaking audience.", "answer_start": 1006}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were Georg Brandes's later writings?", "answer": {"text": "Among his later writings must be mentioned the monographs on Soren Kierkegaard (1877), Esaias Tegner (1878), Benjamin Disraeli (1878),", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of his most important later writings?", "answer": {"text": "The most important of his later works was his study of William Shakespeare (1897-1898), which was translated into English by William Archer and was highly acclaimed.", "answer_start": 837, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6e304e7e9c2a4a2cbf067df6ea667ac2_0_q#3", "question": "what happened in 1900?", "rewrite": "what happened in 1900 to Georg Brandes?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Johannes J\u00f8rgensen Jens Johannes J\u00f8rgensen (6 November 1866 in Svendborg \u2013 29 May 1956) was a Danish writer, best known for his biographies of Catholic saints. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times. Johannes J\u00f8rgensen was born in 1866 in Svendborg, Denmark. In 1884, he travelled to Copenhagen to start his studies, but he quit his studies in 1888. In Copenhagen he began to develop radical social views, which soon led him into a circle of cultural and radical artists. He was fascinated by the Russian nihilists and by Georg Brandes who boasted of dispelling \"the darkness of Christianity. \" He led a life of pleasure and married, but his happiness did not last. New voices announcing spiritual values were then being heard in Denmark. J\u00f8rgensen read Joris-Karl Huysmans, Maurice Maeterlinck and others. He broke with Georg Brandes and his school, which would later cause his ruin. From his earliest years, he had shown a strong love of poetry through which he could express his dreams and observations. For the rest of his life, poetry remained one of his more prominent modes of expression. But with his innate melancholy temperament, he found no permanent place in cultural radicalism and materialism, where Eros and connoisseur, summarized in pantheism's worship of nature was prevalent. Therefore, he began a quest for more spiritually motivated sources of inspiration together with other like-minded people. As an editor of the magazine \"The Tower\" (\"Taarnet\" in Danish) in the years 1893-94, he had an outlet for expressing his ideas about symbolism, and his opposition to naturalism. Symbolists quickly came across the prevailing literary circles, in particular, the brothers Georg and Edvard Brandes, who did not spare the young rebels.", "Elise Brandes Elise Brandes (n\u00e9e Rustad, 1873\u20131918) was a Danish sculptor who specialized in busts. She was the wife of the Danish politician and writer, Edvard Brandes. Brandes was born on 24 July 1873 in Lysaker, B\u00e6rum Municipality, in south-eastern Norway. She was the daughter of the physician Carl G. W. Rustad (1839\u20131918) and his wife Marie M. Hauge. After attending the Royal Drawing and Art School in Kristiania, she moved to Denmark where she studied at the Art School for Women (Kunstskolen for Kvinder) in Copenhagen. From 1905 to 1906, she was a student of Stephan Sinding at the Royal Danish Academy. After marrying Edvard Brandes in 1900, she became associated with the political and cultural elite, several of whom she depicted in her busts. One of her most notable creations is that of the writer Gustav Wied (1909) with his subtle smile and his devilish look. Others depict Edvard's elder brother, the scholar Georg Brandes (1907), the actor Johannes Poulsen (1909), the literary historian Vilhelm Andersen (c.1913) and the Swedish artist Anders Zorn (1917). Other notable pieces include a marble relief of Johannes Poulsen's father, Emil Poulsen (1906), and a bronze statuette of the actress Grethe Hasselbach dancing (1912), both of which are in Copenhagen's Theatre Museum. In her later years, she was unable to work owing to poor health. She died on 3 November 1918 in Copenhagen. Brandes worked with a variety of materials such as sandstone, marble and wood In her later years, she was unable to work owing to poor health. She died on 3 November 1918 in Copenhagen.", "Ernst Immanuel Cohen Brandes Ernst Immanuel Cohen Brandes (1 February 1844 \u2013 6 August 1892) was a Danish economist, writer, and newspaper editor best known for editing the \"Kj\u00f8benhavns B\u00f8rs-Tidende\", which published articles written by leading Danish men of letters, including future Nobel Prize winner Henrik Pontoppidan, during a period later hailed as the Modern Breakthrough in Danish literature. Outraged by his politicized blasphemy conviction for an article anonymously written by Pontoppidan for the \"Kj\u00f8benhavns B\u00f8rs-Tidende\" in 1889, Brandes committed suicide in 1892. Ernst Brandes was born to a Danish Jewish family in Copenhagen on 1 February 1844, some two years after his elder brother Georg Brandes and three years before the youngest, Edvard. Trained as an economist, Brandes spent much of the energies of his brief life on economic and social questions. The chief objects of Brandes' attack in his 1885 \"Samfundssporgsmaal\" were the population theories of Thomas Malthus and theory of value advanced by David Ricardo. Though prominent as a social liberal, Brandes reserved part of \"Samfundssporgsmaal\" for a critique of the Marxist movement. Brandes came to write for the \"Politiken\", which Edvard had helped to found in 1884, before editing his own newspaper, the \"Kj\u00f8benhavns B\u00f8rs-Tidende\", in 1889 - an idiosyncratic undertaking meant to combine stock price lists and radical literature. Successful in his efforts to attract a wide range of talented writers, Brandes published the literary efforts and social commentary of such authors as Johannes J\u00f8rgensen, Sophus Claussen, and Viggo Stuckenberg.", "Maria Stona Maria Stona; Marie Scholz; born Stonawski (1859\u20131944) was a Silesian German writer and poet. Her daughter was the sculptor Helen Zelezny-Scholz. In T\u0159ebovice she led artistic salon. She drew into her circles many noticeable persons, world-famous artists, politicians and writers such as Georg Brandes, Georges Clemenceau, Berta von Suttner, Flinders Petrie, Stefan Zweig, being among her guests in her home the Chateau of T\u0159ebovice (Strzebowitz). She corresponded regularly with Georg Brandes from 1899 to his death 1927. Maria Stona died in 1944, during the World War II. In the course of the liberation of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Red Army her chateau was damaged and subsequently was deteriorating. It was completely demolished in 1958. Some of her books are available at The Royal Library in Copenhagen, where some of her letters may also be found in \"Georg Brandes Arkivet\". Maria Scholz was a daughter of Joseph Stonawski, who bought the Castle Strebowitz in 1861, and his wife Marie Prymus from Sob\u011b\u0161ovice in Cieszyn Silesia. She used the first two syllables of her birth name, Stonawski, as her pseudonym Maria Stona. In 1881 Maria Scholz married Dr. jur. Albert Scholz, a son of Alois Scholz (1821\u20131883), the director of the steel works of Witkowitz mining and metallurgical trade union in Moravia-Ostrava. The couple lived from 1881 to 1888 in Chropyn\u011b in Moravia, where their daughter Helen Zelezny-Scholz was born on 16 August 1882. The marriage to Albert Scholz lasted until 1899.", "Edvard Brandes Carl Edvard Cohen Brandes (21 October 1847, Copenhagen \u2013 20 December 1931, Copenhagen) was a Danish politician, critic and author, and the younger brother of Georg Brandes and Ernst Brandes. He had a Ph.D. in eastern philology. Brandes was a member of the Folketing for the party Venstre from 1880 to 1894. Along with Viggo H\u00f8rup and Christen Berg, Brandes was editor of the newspaper \"Morgenbladet\" (literally \"the morning paper\"), which was associated with the party, from 1880 to 1883, when Berg fired Brandes and H\u00f8rup over a conflict on the points of view that the newspaper voiced. In 1884, he cofounded the newspaper \"Politiken\" with H\u00f8rup and Hermann Bang. Brandes used his position within the newspaper to promote literature that supported his own political point of view and to criticize literature which contained nationalliberal or Grundtvigian points of view, often in direct conflict with his opinion of their quality, but nevertheless he played a significant part in reforming literary criticism in Denmark. He joined the party Det Radikale Venstre shortly after its founding in 1905, and he was a member of the Landsting for the party from the 1906 election until 1927. He was Minister of Finance from 1909 to 1910 and again from 1913 to 1920 as a member of the Cabinets of Zahle I and II. He was the father-in-law of Norwegian chemist Georg Dedichen, and brother-in-law of Mette-Sophie Gad the wife of French artist Paul Gauguin"], "answer": {"text": "In 1900 he collected his works for the first time in a complete and popular edition and began to work on a German edition, completed in 1902.", "answer_start": 1458}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were Georg Brandes's later writings?", "answer": {"text": "Among his later writings must be mentioned the monographs on Soren Kierkegaard (1877), Esaias Tegner (1878), Benjamin Disraeli (1878),", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of his most important later writings?", "answer": {"text": "The most important of his later works was his study of William Shakespeare (1897-1898), which was translated into English by William Archer and was highly acclaimed.", "answer_start": 837, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What made that his most important work?", "answer": {"text": "was, perhaps, history's most authoritative work on Shakespeare not principally intended for an English-speaking audience.", "answer_start": 1006, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_49df1a3d8a104ac18720c7e0be7a2aa3_1_q#0", "question": "What was one of Sonny James' hits?", "rewrite": "What was one of Sonny James' hits?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bright Lights, Big City (song) \"Bright Lights, Big City\" is a classic blues song which was written and first recorded by American bluesman Jimmy Reed in 1961. Besides being \"an integral part of the standard blues repertoire\", \"Bright Lights, Big City\" has appealed to a variety of artists, including country and rock musicians, who have recorded their interpretations of the song. Called a \"textbook Jimmy and Mama Reed duet\", \"Bright Lights, Big City\" was a collaborative writing effort between Reed and his wife, Mary \"Mama\" Reed. It is a cautionary tale about urban life, with the narrator lamenting the loss of his wife or girlfriend to the nightlife and enticement of an unnamed city: The song has a traditional twelve-bar blues form in Reed's signature \"steady-rolling style\". It was recorded in Chicago in 1961 with Jimmy Reed (vocal and harmonica), Mama Reed (vocal), Jimmy Reed, Jr. (guitar), Lefty Bates (guitar), Earl Phillips (drums), and an unidentified bassist. The song was one of Reed's most popular songs and reached number three in the Billboard R&B chart as well as number fifty-eight in the pop Hot 100. \" Bright Lights, Big City\" was included on the album \"Jimmy Reed at Carnegie Hall\" and appears on many Reed compilations. American country music singer Sonny James recorded \"Bright Lights, Big City\" in 1971. An early review included: \"Jimmy Reed's blues number serves as strong material for the Southern Gentleman both vocally and for some exceptional guitar work\". The song was James' fifteenth number-one hit in a row in the country chart as well as reaching number ninety-one in the pop chart. The song is included on James' 1971 album \"The Sensational Sonny James\" and several of his compilation albums.", "Here Comes Honey Again \"Here Comes Honey Again\" is a 1971 single by Sonny James written by James and Carole Smith. \" Here Comes Honey Again\" was the last of sixteen , number one country hits in a row for Sonny James. His next release, his remake of \"Only Love Can Break a Heart\", would peak at number two on country charts. \"Here Comes Honey Again\" would stay at number one for a single week and spend a total of fourteen weeks on the country chart. On the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles chart, \"Here Comes Honey Again\" established James as the new record holder for most No. 1 songs in as many single releases with 16, surpassing Buck Owens (his labelmate at Capitol Records) who had 15 consecutive No. 1 songs without a miss from 1963-1967. James' streak had started in 1967 with \"Need You,\" and save for non-charting Christmas singles released between 1967-1970, every one of his songs went to No. 1. The next single release, \"Only Love Can Break a Heart,\" peaked at No. 2 \u2013 held out by Freddie Hart's \"My Hang-Up Is You,\" breaking the streak. James held the new record of 16 in a row without a miss until August 1985, when Alabama scored their 17th-straight No. 1 song in as many non-holiday single releases with \"40 Hour Week (For a Livin').\"", "You're the Only World I Know \"You're the Only World I Know\" is a song made famous by country music singer Sonny James. In January 1965, \"You're the Only World I Know was Sonny James' second No. 1 on the \"Billboard magazine\" Hot Country Singles chart (after \"Young Love\" in early 1957). \"You're the Only World I Know\" also kicked off James' amazing run of popularity, which continued to the mid-'70s. From 1965 through 1974, James enjoyed 22 No. 1 songs, including a string of 16 straight. The song had crossover popularity, reaching the Billboard Top 100 and Easy listening surveys. In 1973, a cover of \"You're the Only World I Know\" appeared on Marie Osmond's debut album \"Paper Roses\". (MGM SE 4910, side 1, track 4)", "Young Love (1956 song) \"Young Love\" is a popular song, written by Ric Cartey and Carole Joyner, and published in 1956. The original version was recorded by Ric Cartey With The Jiva-Tones on November 24, 1956. It was released in 1956 by Stars Records as catalog number 539 and one month later by RCA Records as catalog number 47-6751. Cartey's version never charted. The song became a hit several times over the years with well known cover versions released by Sonny James, Tab Hunter (in a version that went to number one in 1957), The Crew-Cuts, and Donny Osmond who scored a number one hit on the UK Singles chart in 1973. The recording by American country singer Sonny James was released by Capitol Records as catalog number 3602. It first reached the \"Billboard\" chart on January 5, 1957. On the Disk Jockey chart, it peaked at No. 1; on the Best Seller chart, at No. 2; on the Juke Box chart, at No. 4; on the composite chart of the top 100 songs, it reached No. 2. On \"Billboard\"'s country music charts, it was a No. 1 hit for nine weeks, and remained the longest-reigning of James's 23 chart-topping songs on the chart. \" Billboard\" ranked it as the No. 8 song of the year for 1957. The recording was produced by Ken Nelson and was recorded October 30, 1956, at Bradley Studio in Nashville, Tennessee. The vocal backing was provided by Harlan Powell, one of James's band members at the time, Gordon Stoker and one other individual.", "When the Snow Is on the Roses \"When the Snow Is on the Roses\" is a song that was an Adult Contemporary hit for Ed Ames in 1967, spending four weeks at #1 on the Easy Listening chart, but only reached #98 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In 1972, a version recorded by Sonny James went to number one on the country charts. The song was originally recorded by Ed Ames in 1967. In 1968, it was covered by Anita Bryant on her album, \"In Remembrance of You (The Story of a Love Affair)\", and by Roy Drusky on his album, \"Jody and the Kid\". Sonny James had just wrapped up a successful stay at Capitol Records, where he had enjoyed a string of 16 consecutive No. 1 hits during the late 1960s and early 1970s, and had signed with Columbia Records in 1972. James' cover of \"When the Snow is On the Roses\" was his first single for Columbia Records and it began another long string of hits by \"The Southern Gentleman. \" The song became his 22nd No. 1 song on the \"Billboard magazine\" Hot Country Singles chart in mid-September 1972. Ernst Bader wrote the original lyrics to the song in German; Larry Kusik and Eddie Snyder then wrote the English translation. The music was by James Last. Elvis Presley also sang this song live in Las Vegas on August 24, 1970 MS (Midnight Show). This performance is registered in the \"Live In Las Vegas\" BMG box set. It is an audience recording."], "answer": {"text": "\"Young Love\",", "answer_start": 28}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_49df1a3d8a104ac18720c7e0be7a2aa3_1_q#1", "question": "When was it released?", "rewrite": "When was Young Love released?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Young Love (comics) Young Love was one of the earliest romance comics titles, published by Crestwood/Prize, and later sold to DC Comics. After the Sept/Oct 1947 release of Crestwood/Prize's genre-launching \"Young Romance\" comic, (arguably the first romance comic), by the prolific team of Simon & Kirby sold \"millions of copies\", the company (and duo) swiftly prepared a separate, spin-off title to capitalise on the success of this new genre. Launched amid imitators from (among others) Quality Comics, Fawcett Publications, Fox Features Syndicate and Timely Comics, Crestwood/Prize's companion title Young Love was released \"less than a year and a half\" after the debut of \"Young Romance\", and also sold well. Launched in February 1949, \"Young Love\" ran initially for 73 issues, until December 1956. Four months later (Apr/May 1957), Prize launched \"All for Love\", which ran for 17 issues until Feb/Mar 1959, when it went on a year's hiatus, returning the following year and retitled \"Young Love\". This retitled series then ran for 21 issues between February 1960 and June 1963, whereupon Crestwood/Prize sold this \u2013 and other \u2013 titles to DC Comics, who produced a further 88 issues between 1963 and 1977. Criticised somewhat (as was the whole comics industry) during the mid-1950s \"Seduction of the Innocent\"-inspired Comic Book Hearings (part of the Senate Subcommittee hearings on the causes of juvenile delinquency) , \"love\" or \"romance\" comics began to sell less well, and by 1963, Crestwood/Prize \"got out of the comic book business,\" selling many of their titles (including \"Young Romance\" and \"Young Love\") to DC Comics.", "Young Love (band) Young Love is an American dance-rock band formed in 2005 in New York City. Dan Keyes handles the majority of the production and songwriting in addition to providing lead vocals. Young Love's debut full-length album, \"Too Young to Fight It\" was released on January 30, 2007 in the United States. Prior to creating Young Love, Dan Keyes fronted the Austin, Texas post-hardcore band Recover with much help from Rory Phillips. After releasing three albums with the quartet, Keyes felt the need for change, but continued work with Phillips. A friend offered him a place to stay in New York City, and within weeks Keyes was traveling from Austin to New York with just one bag and his guitar. Keyes spent 2005 working at a restaurant in the city as well as working on music that he started while he was touring with Recover. At the end of 2005 Island Records signed the musician, and by summer 2006, Keyes and his band, now known as Young Love, were performing with Stolen Transmission at Annex in New York City. In mid-July, a live video of Keyes performing the song \"We Want Drugs\" acoustic was released on YouTube. In September, two short promotional videos were released for the single \"Discotech\". The single was also featured on the FIFA 07 soundtrack. In October, a full video featuring live footage was released for the single, and on November 21, 2006, the \"Young Love EP\" was released on iTunes, and featured \"Discotech\" a new song, \"Tragedy\" and two remixes. In December, Young Love played several shows with British MC Lady Sovereign.", "Young Love (Mat Kearney album) Young Love is the fourth studio album from Nashville singer-songwriter, Mat Kearney. It was released on August 2, 2011, although some who pre-purchased the album through Mat Kearney's site received it as early as July 29, 2011. On May 1, 2012, a deluxe edition of the album was released with five bonus songs and a video for \"Ships In the Night\". Over the months leading up to this, Kearney released several videos of his studio sessions. These videos revealed that this album features the rap style that could be heard on \"Nothing Left to Lose\" but not \"City of Black and White\". Kearney described it as being a \"return to innocence.\" \"Blinking Lights and Intimate Things\" was considered as an alternate album title. The album's first single, \"Hey Mama\", was released on May 10, 2011 as a digital download. The album's track listing, artwork, and release date were revealed on June 13, 2011. AbsolutePunk's Craig Manning said of \"Young Love\" that it \"will reach the same level for me as the other two, but for now, it stands as one of my favorite records in what has been an extraordinarily strong year for music, and a big part of the soundtrack to my summer. If Kearney's next three records are half as good as these three, he'll be one of those guys I follow for a long time. Here's hoping.\" Allmusic's Jared Johnson said of \"Young Love\" that it \"could be considered his arrival record, finding the right flavor of hip-hop, adult alternative, and classic storytelling...comes off much like the opening weeks of a relationship, where moments bounce between earnest and playful, heavy and light, but each ultimately memorable in its own way...", "Young Love (Connie Smith and Nat Stuckey album) Young Love is a collaboration album by American country artists, Connie Smith and Nat Stuckey. The album was released in July 1969 by RCA Records and was produced by Bob Ferguson and Felton Jarvis. It was one of two collaboration albums Smith and Stuckey would record together. \"Young Love\" consisted of twelve tracks recorded as duets between Connie Smith and Nat Stuckey. The album included cover versions of the duet hit between Don Gibson and Dottie West entitled, \"Rings of Gold. \" It also included a cover of \"Whispering Hope\" and Sonny James's \"Young Love.\" The album was recorded at the RCA Victor studios in Nashville, Tennessee in April 1969. The album was released on a 12-inch vinyl LP record with six songs on each side of the playing record. The album was reviewed by Allmusic. From the website, \"Young Love\" received a total of three out of five stars. The album has not since been reissued on compact disc since its initial release in 1969. The album can be obtained on CD as part of the Bear Family Records box set \"Connie Smith: \"Just for What I Am\"\" (2012). \"Young Love\" only spawned one single from the album, a cover version of Sonny James's \"Young Love.\" The song became a major hit in the United States. Released in 1969, \"Young Love\" reached a peak of #20 on the \"Billboard Magazine\" Hot Country Songs chart. In addition, the album itself also reached a peak position on the \"Billboard\" charts. Upon its official release in July 1969, \"Young Love\" peaked at #29 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart.", "She later starred in \"A New Kind of Family\" before joining the cast of \"Diff'rent Strokes\", portraying Charlene Duprey for two years. Jackson also played the recurring role of Cleo Hewitt during the fourth season of \"Fame\", but expressed indifference towards the series. When Jackson was sixteen, she was arranged a contract with A&M Records and began recording her debut album with the assistance of her father, working with a number of songwriters and producers such as Ren\u00e9 Moore, Angela Winbush and Bobby Watson, who produced her first single, entitled \"Young Love\", released on July 7, 1982. Lou Broadus, music director of WASC Radio, described the song as an \"uptempo, happy song with a good hook\". After the single \"Young Love\" was released, it became a hit with young people. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from website AllMusic noted that Jackson demonstrated \"no distinctive musical personality of her own, which isn't surprising considering that she was in her teens. [...] Only \"Young Love\" stands out among the undistinguished, sub-disco thumpers and drippy ballads. In the United States, \"Young Love\" received little notoriety on the principal singles chart, the \"Billboard\" Hot 100; it was able to reach a peak of number 64. However, on the Hot R&B/ Hip-Hop Songs, the single managed to reach number six. In New Zealand, \"Young Love\" debuted at number 46 on its singles chart, on the issue dated March 13, 1983. Several weeks later, on April 17, 1983, the song reached its peak of number 16. It fell off the chart on May 1, at number 33. A year later, it re-entered the singles chart, at number 45."], "answer": {"text": "In late 1956", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was one of Sonny James' hits?", "answer": {"text": "\"Young Love\",", "answer_start": 28, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_49df1a3d8a104ac18720c7e0be7a2aa3_1_q#2", "question": "How well did it do on the music charts?", "rewrite": "How well did Young Love do on the music charts?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In early January 2007, \"Billboard\" listed Young Love as one of \"2007's Best Bets\" for the year, and described their album as \"...the kind of pop that we've been missing: melodic, catchy, smart and as young and in love-with the ubiquitous 'she'-as Romeo...\". On January 3, 2007, MTV premiered the video for the band's newest single, \"Find A New Way\". In addition, the single will serve as the theme song for the network's Jennifer Lopez-produced reality series, DanceLife, which premiered January 15, 2007. January 30, 2007 was the official release of Young Love's full-length debut, \"Too Young to Fight It\". The album includes both \"Discotech\" and \"Tragedy\" along with nine more original songs. In February 2007, the band toured with better known artists, playing shows with several different acts including Head Automatica, Lady Sovereign and Good Charlotte. On April 29, 2007, the band signed with the Konspiracy Theory Music promotion company. The band has toured North America, Europe and United Kingdom. In the summer of 2007, Young Love opened for Erasure's \"Light at the End of the World\" tour. Their song \" Close Your Eyes\" off of \"Too Young to Fight It\" was featured on the My Happy Place episode of Scrubs and on the episode \"Sad Songs for Dirty Lovers\" on One Tree Hill. Young Love's second full length record, \"One Of Us\" came out April 28, 2009 on Island Records, recorded by John King in Los Angeles, California.", "Young Love (band) Young Love is an American dance-rock band formed in 2005 in New York City. Dan Keyes handles the majority of the production and songwriting in addition to providing lead vocals. Young Love's debut full-length album, \"Too Young to Fight It\" was released on January 30, 2007 in the United States. Prior to creating Young Love, Dan Keyes fronted the Austin, Texas post-hardcore band Recover with much help from Rory Phillips. After releasing three albums with the quartet, Keyes felt the need for change, but continued work with Phillips. A friend offered him a place to stay in New York City, and within weeks Keyes was traveling from Austin to New York with just one bag and his guitar. Keyes spent 2005 working at a restaurant in the city as well as working on music that he started while he was touring with Recover. At the end of 2005 Island Records signed the musician, and by summer 2006, Keyes and his band, now known as Young Love, were performing with Stolen Transmission at Annex in New York City. In mid-July, a live video of Keyes performing the song \"We Want Drugs\" acoustic was released on YouTube. In September, two short promotional videos were released for the single \"Discotech\". The single was also featured on the FIFA 07 soundtrack. In October, a full video featuring live footage was released for the single, and on November 21, 2006, the \"Young Love EP\" was released on iTunes, and featured \"Discotech\" a new song, \"Tragedy\" and two remixes. In December, Young Love played several shows with British MC Lady Sovereign.", "Young Love (comics) Young Love was one of the earliest romance comics titles, published by Crestwood/Prize, and later sold to DC Comics. After the Sept/Oct 1947 release of Crestwood/Prize's genre-launching \"Young Romance\" comic, (arguably the first romance comic), by the prolific team of Simon & Kirby sold \"millions of copies\", the company (and duo) swiftly prepared a separate, spin-off title to capitalise on the success of this new genre. Launched amid imitators from (among others) Quality Comics, Fawcett Publications, Fox Features Syndicate and Timely Comics, Crestwood/Prize's companion title Young Love was released \"less than a year and a half\" after the debut of \"Young Romance\", and also sold well. Launched in February 1949, \"Young Love\" ran initially for 73 issues, until December 1956. Four months later (Apr/May 1957), Prize launched \"All for Love\", which ran for 17 issues until Feb/Mar 1959, when it went on a year's hiatus, returning the following year and retitled \"Young Love\". This retitled series then ran for 21 issues between February 1960 and June 1963, whereupon Crestwood/Prize sold this \u2013 and other \u2013 titles to DC Comics, who produced a further 88 issues between 1963 and 1977. Criticised somewhat (as was the whole comics industry) during the mid-1950s \"Seduction of the Innocent\"-inspired Comic Book Hearings (part of the Senate Subcommittee hearings on the causes of juvenile delinquency) , \"love\" or \"romance\" comics began to sell less well, and by 1963, Crestwood/Prize \"got out of the comic book business,\" selling many of their titles (including \"Young Romance\" and \"Young Love\") to DC Comics.", "She later starred in \"A New Kind of Family\" before joining the cast of \"Diff'rent Strokes\", portraying Charlene Duprey for two years. Jackson also played the recurring role of Cleo Hewitt during the fourth season of \"Fame\", but expressed indifference towards the series. When Jackson was sixteen, she was arranged a contract with A&M Records and began recording her debut album with the assistance of her father, working with a number of songwriters and producers such as Ren\u00e9 Moore, Angela Winbush and Bobby Watson, who produced her first single, entitled \"Young Love\", released on July 7, 1982. Lou Broadus, music director of WASC Radio, described the song as an \"uptempo, happy song with a good hook\". After the single \"Young Love\" was released, it became a hit with young people. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from website AllMusic noted that Jackson demonstrated \"no distinctive musical personality of her own, which isn't surprising considering that she was in her teens. [...] Only \"Young Love\" stands out among the undistinguished, sub-disco thumpers and drippy ballads. In the United States, \"Young Love\" received little notoriety on the principal singles chart, the \"Billboard\" Hot 100; it was able to reach a peak of number 64. However, on the Hot R&B/ Hip-Hop Songs, the single managed to reach number six. In New Zealand, \"Young Love\" debuted at number 46 on its singles chart, on the issue dated March 13, 1983. Several weeks later, on April 17, 1983, the song reached its peak of number 16. It fell off the chart on May 1, at number 33. A year later, it re-entered the singles chart, at number 45.", "Young Love (Connie Smith and Nat Stuckey album) Young Love is a collaboration album by American country artists, Connie Smith and Nat Stuckey. The album was released in July 1969 by RCA Records and was produced by Bob Ferguson and Felton Jarvis. It was one of two collaboration albums Smith and Stuckey would record together. \"Young Love\" consisted of twelve tracks recorded as duets between Connie Smith and Nat Stuckey. The album included cover versions of the duet hit between Don Gibson and Dottie West entitled, \"Rings of Gold. \" It also included a cover of \"Whispering Hope\" and Sonny James's \"Young Love.\" The album was recorded at the RCA Victor studios in Nashville, Tennessee in April 1969. The album was released on a 12-inch vinyl LP record with six songs on each side of the playing record. The album was reviewed by Allmusic. From the website, \"Young Love\" received a total of three out of five stars. The album has not since been reissued on compact disc since its initial release in 1969. The album can be obtained on CD as part of the Bear Family Records box set \"Connie Smith: \"Just for What I Am\"\" (2012). \"Young Love\" only spawned one single from the album, a cover version of Sonny James's \"Young Love.\" The song became a major hit in the United States. Released in 1969, \"Young Love\" reached a peak of #20 on the \"Billboard Magazine\" Hot Country Songs chart. In addition, the album itself also reached a peak position on the \"Billboard\" charts. Upon its official release in July 1969, \"Young Love\" peaked at #29 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart."], "answer": {"text": "it topped both the US country and pop music charts in", "answer_start": 147}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was one of Sonny James' hits?", "answer": {"text": "\"Young Love\",", "answer_start": 28, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was it released?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1956", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_49df1a3d8a104ac18720c7e0be7a2aa3_1_q#3", "question": "How long did it top the pop music charts?", "rewrite": "How long did Young Love top the pop music charts?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lottery Winners (band) Lottery Winners is an indie pop band from Leigh, Greater Manchester. The band was formed by Thom Rylance (vocals/guitar), Robert Lally (guitar/vocals), Katie Lloyd (bass/vocals), and Joe Singleton (drums). Lottery Winners signed to Modern Sky UK in 2019. They released their first single Hawaii with the label in September 2019. \" Somewhere on the musical spectrum between the blithe of the Beach Boys and the suffering of the Smiths\". - \"Tom Robinson, BBC Radio 6 Music\" \"The most infectious few minutes of indie-pop you've heard in a long while\". - \"NME\" \" Some of the most gloriously British guitar-pop we've heard in years\". - \"Q Magazine\" \" Young Love is a giddy guitar-pop joy\". - \"Digital Spy\" \"Young Love is exuberant, it's hella catchy and it breathes life into a genre that is long overdue an injection of fresh-faced energy.\" - \"Chart Shaker\" \"Young Love will have you dancing around the room in footsteps of joy\". - \"Emerging Indie Bands\" \"... it's a feel-good romper that's going to be one of our songs of the summer.\" - \"One On One Music\" \"They specialise in guitar-pop of the very best kind. Huge, bright, infectious,sweeping songs that draw influence from the likes of The Smiths, The Housemartins, The La's, or The Beautiful South.\" - \"MusicExistence.com\" \" The Lottery Winners deliver a solid slice of catchy, jingly-jangly, indie-pop with their new single, Young Love\". - \"CDNX\"", "Hit FM (Taiwan) Hit FM is a pop music radio station in Taiwan (Republic of China). It broadcasts in Taipei, Taichung, and Kaohsiung. Hit FM is owned by Voice of Taipei Broadcasting (\u53f0\u5317\u4e4b\u97f3\u5ee3\u64ad, Pinyin: tai2 bei3 jhih1 yin1 guang3 bo1). It is one of the radio stations under Hitoradio.com. Hit FM is the highest-rated Top Ten radio station in Taiwan. The show, \"Fresh Release\" broadcast pop music. Hit Fm is one of the Chinese radio stations that broadcasts songs. Their competitor, Kaohsiung-based Kiss Radio Taiwan, also broadcasts Mandopop as well as English top 40 songs. Each Weekend, two artists (group) introduce music on air. Many Taiwanese/Mandarin Pop Music Artists, such as Jay Chou, Show Lo, A-Mei, Jolin Tsai, S.H.E, Leehom Wang, Stefanie Sun, F.I.R., etc., have done their time as DJs. Everyday, Hit Fm introduces the No. 1 song from different music charts throughout the world. Every day, Hit Fm retrospects significant pop music from different era after 1980s. This show broadcasts at 7:15, 11:15, 15:15, 19:15, 00:15. But now this feature has been abolished. Hit Fm Annual Top 100 Singles Chart (Hit-Fm\u5e74\u5ea6\u767e\u9996\u55ae\u66f2) is a yearly compilation chart since 1998, by Hit Fm of the top 100 singles by online poll, weekly charts, and sales volume (G-Music Charts). Remarks: These 5 schedules are as of February 6, 2017. Times stated above are at local times (Taiwan Standard Time, UTC+8). Source:", "Pop music Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid-1950s. The terms \"popular music\" and \"pop music\" are often used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular and includes many diverse styles. \" Pop\" and \"rock\" were roughly synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they became increasingly differentiated from each other. Although much of the music that appears on record charts is seen as pop music, the genre is distinguished from chart music. Pop music often borrows elements from other styles such as urban, dance, rock, Latin, and country; nonetheless, there are many core elements that define pop music. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a basic format (often the verse-chorus structure), as well as common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes, and hooks. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as \"a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, and folk musics\". According to Pete Seeger, pop music is \"professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music\". Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. The music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. As a genre, pop music is seen to exist and develop separately. Therefore, the term \"pop music\" may be used to describe a distinct genre, designed to appeal to all, often characterized as \"instant singles-based music aimed at teenagers\" in contrast to rock music as \"album-based music for adults\". Pop music continuously evolves along with the term's definition.", "Young Love (Connie Smith and Nat Stuckey album) Young Love is a collaboration album by American country artists, Connie Smith and Nat Stuckey. The album was released in July 1969 by RCA Records and was produced by Bob Ferguson and Felton Jarvis. It was one of two collaboration albums Smith and Stuckey would record together. \"Young Love\" consisted of twelve tracks recorded as duets between Connie Smith and Nat Stuckey. The album included cover versions of the duet hit between Don Gibson and Dottie West entitled, \"Rings of Gold. \" It also included a cover of \"Whispering Hope\" and Sonny James's \"Young Love.\" The album was recorded at the RCA Victor studios in Nashville, Tennessee in April 1969. The album was released on a 12-inch vinyl LP record with six songs on each side of the playing record. The album was reviewed by Allmusic. From the website, \"Young Love\" received a total of three out of five stars. The album has not since been reissued on compact disc since its initial release in 1969. The album can be obtained on CD as part of the Bear Family Records box set \"Connie Smith: \"Just for What I Am\"\" (2012). \"Young Love\" only spawned one single from the album, a cover version of Sonny James's \"Young Love.\" The song became a major hit in the United States. Released in 1969, \"Young Love\" reached a peak of #20 on the \"Billboard Magazine\" Hot Country Songs chart. In addition, the album itself also reached a peak position on the \"Billboard\" charts. Upon its official release in July 1969, \"Young Love\" peaked at #29 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart.", "Young Love (band) Young Love is an American dance-rock band formed in 2005 in New York City. Dan Keyes handles the majority of the production and songwriting in addition to providing lead vocals. Young Love's debut full-length album, \"Too Young to Fight It\" was released on January 30, 2007 in the United States. Prior to creating Young Love, Dan Keyes fronted the Austin, Texas post-hardcore band Recover with much help from Rory Phillips. After releasing three albums with the quartet, Keyes felt the need for change, but continued work with Phillips. A friend offered him a place to stay in New York City, and within weeks Keyes was traveling from Austin to New York with just one bag and his guitar. Keyes spent 2005 working at a restaurant in the city as well as working on music that he started while he was touring with Recover. At the end of 2005 Island Records signed the musician, and by summer 2006, Keyes and his band, now known as Young Love, were performing with Stolen Transmission at Annex in New York City. In mid-July, a live video of Keyes performing the song \"We Want Drugs\" acoustic was released on YouTube. In September, two short promotional videos were released for the single \"Discotech\". The single was also featured on the FIFA 07 soundtrack. In October, a full video featuring live footage was released for the single, and on November 21, 2006, the \"Young Love EP\" was released on iTunes, and featured \"Discotech\" a new song, \"Tragedy\" and two remixes. In December, Young Love played several shows with British MC Lady Sovereign."], "answer": {"text": "January to February 1957.", "answer_start": 201}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was one of Sonny James' hits?", "answer": {"text": "\"Young Love\",", "answer_start": 28, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was it released?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1956", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well did it do on the music charts?", "answer": {"text": "it topped both the US country and pop music charts in", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_49df1a3d8a104ac18720c7e0be7a2aa3_1_q#4", "question": "How many records did it sell?", "rewrite": "How many records did Young Love sell?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Young Love (comics) Young Love was one of the earliest romance comics titles, published by Crestwood/Prize, and later sold to DC Comics. After the Sept/Oct 1947 release of Crestwood/Prize's genre-launching \"Young Romance\" comic, (arguably the first romance comic), by the prolific team of Simon & Kirby sold \"millions of copies\", the company (and duo) swiftly prepared a separate, spin-off title to capitalise on the success of this new genre. Launched amid imitators from (among others) Quality Comics, Fawcett Publications, Fox Features Syndicate and Timely Comics, Crestwood/Prize's companion title Young Love was released \"less than a year and a half\" after the debut of \"Young Romance\", and also sold well. Launched in February 1949, \"Young Love\" ran initially for 73 issues, until December 1956. Four months later (Apr/May 1957), Prize launched \"All for Love\", which ran for 17 issues until Feb/Mar 1959, when it went on a year's hiatus, returning the following year and retitled \"Young Love\". This retitled series then ran for 21 issues between February 1960 and June 1963, whereupon Crestwood/Prize sold this \u2013 and other \u2013 titles to DC Comics, who produced a further 88 issues between 1963 and 1977. Criticised somewhat (as was the whole comics industry) during the mid-1950s \"Seduction of the Innocent\"-inspired Comic Book Hearings (part of the Senate Subcommittee hearings on the causes of juvenile delinquency) , \"love\" or \"romance\" comics began to sell less well, and by 1963, Crestwood/Prize \"got out of the comic book business,\" selling many of their titles (including \"Young Romance\" and \"Young Love\") to DC Comics.", "Young Love (band) Young Love is an American dance-rock band formed in 2005 in New York City. Dan Keyes handles the majority of the production and songwriting in addition to providing lead vocals. Young Love's debut full-length album, \"Too Young to Fight It\" was released on January 30, 2007 in the United States. Prior to creating Young Love, Dan Keyes fronted the Austin, Texas post-hardcore band Recover with much help from Rory Phillips. After releasing three albums with the quartet, Keyes felt the need for change, but continued work with Phillips. A friend offered him a place to stay in New York City, and within weeks Keyes was traveling from Austin to New York with just one bag and his guitar. Keyes spent 2005 working at a restaurant in the city as well as working on music that he started while he was touring with Recover. At the end of 2005 Island Records signed the musician, and by summer 2006, Keyes and his band, now known as Young Love, were performing with Stolen Transmission at Annex in New York City. In mid-July, a live video of Keyes performing the song \"We Want Drugs\" acoustic was released on YouTube. In September, two short promotional videos were released for the single \"Discotech\". The single was also featured on the FIFA 07 soundtrack. In October, a full video featuring live footage was released for the single, and on November 21, 2006, the \"Young Love EP\" was released on iTunes, and featured \"Discotech\" a new song, \"Tragedy\" and two remixes. In December, Young Love played several shows with British MC Lady Sovereign.", "Young Love (Connie Smith and Nat Stuckey album) Young Love is a collaboration album by American country artists, Connie Smith and Nat Stuckey. The album was released in July 1969 by RCA Records and was produced by Bob Ferguson and Felton Jarvis. It was one of two collaboration albums Smith and Stuckey would record together. \"Young Love\" consisted of twelve tracks recorded as duets between Connie Smith and Nat Stuckey. The album included cover versions of the duet hit between Don Gibson and Dottie West entitled, \"Rings of Gold. \" It also included a cover of \"Whispering Hope\" and Sonny James's \"Young Love.\" The album was recorded at the RCA Victor studios in Nashville, Tennessee in April 1969. The album was released on a 12-inch vinyl LP record with six songs on each side of the playing record. The album was reviewed by Allmusic. From the website, \"Young Love\" received a total of three out of five stars. The album has not since been reissued on compact disc since its initial release in 1969. The album can be obtained on CD as part of the Bear Family Records box set \"Connie Smith: \"Just for What I Am\"\" (2012). \"Young Love\" only spawned one single from the album, a cover version of Sonny James's \"Young Love.\" The song became a major hit in the United States. Released in 1969, \"Young Love\" reached a peak of #20 on the \"Billboard Magazine\" Hot Country Songs chart. In addition, the album itself also reached a peak position on the \"Billboard\" charts. Upon its official release in July 1969, \"Young Love\" peaked at #29 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart.", "In early January 2007, \"Billboard\" listed Young Love as one of \"2007's Best Bets\" for the year, and described their album as \"...the kind of pop that we've been missing: melodic, catchy, smart and as young and in love-with the ubiquitous 'she'-as Romeo...\". On January 3, 2007, MTV premiered the video for the band's newest single, \"Find A New Way\". In addition, the single will serve as the theme song for the network's Jennifer Lopez-produced reality series, DanceLife, which premiered January 15, 2007. January 30, 2007 was the official release of Young Love's full-length debut, \"Too Young to Fight It\". The album includes both \"Discotech\" and \"Tragedy\" along with nine more original songs. In February 2007, the band toured with better known artists, playing shows with several different acts including Head Automatica, Lady Sovereign and Good Charlotte. On April 29, 2007, the band signed with the Konspiracy Theory Music promotion company. The band has toured North America, Europe and United Kingdom. In the summer of 2007, Young Love opened for Erasure's \"Light at the End of the World\" tour. Their song \" Close Your Eyes\" off of \"Too Young to Fight It\" was featured on the My Happy Place episode of Scrubs and on the episode \"Sad Songs for Dirty Lovers\" on One Tree Hill. Young Love's second full length record, \"One Of Us\" came out April 28, 2009 on Island Records, recorded by John King in Los Angeles, California.", "She later starred in \"A New Kind of Family\" before joining the cast of \"Diff'rent Strokes\", portraying Charlene Duprey for two years. Jackson also played the recurring role of Cleo Hewitt during the fourth season of \"Fame\", but expressed indifference towards the series. When Jackson was sixteen, she was arranged a contract with A&M Records and began recording her debut album with the assistance of her father, working with a number of songwriters and producers such as Ren\u00e9 Moore, Angela Winbush and Bobby Watson, who produced her first single, entitled \"Young Love\", released on July 7, 1982. Lou Broadus, music director of WASC Radio, described the song as an \"uptempo, happy song with a good hook\". After the single \"Young Love\" was released, it became a hit with young people. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from website AllMusic noted that Jackson demonstrated \"no distinctive musical personality of her own, which isn't surprising considering that she was in her teens. [...] Only \"Young Love\" stands out among the undistinguished, sub-disco thumpers and drippy ballads. In the United States, \"Young Love\" received little notoriety on the principal singles chart, the \"Billboard\" Hot 100; it was able to reach a peak of number 64. However, on the Hot R&B/ Hip-Hop Songs, the single managed to reach number six. In New Zealand, \"Young Love\" debuted at number 46 on its singles chart, on the issue dated March 13, 1983. Several weeks later, on April 17, 1983, the song reached its peak of number 16. It fell off the chart on May 1, at number 33. A year later, it re-entered the singles chart, at number 45."], "answer": {"text": "It sold well over one million copies,", "answer_start": 557}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was one of Sonny James' hits?", "answer": {"text": "\"Young Love\",", "answer_start": 28, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was it released?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1956", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well did it do on the music charts?", "answer": {"text": "it topped both the US country and pop music charts in", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did it top the pop music charts?", "answer": {"text": "January to February 1957.", "answer_start": 201, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_49df1a3d8a104ac18720c7e0be7a2aa3_1_q#5", "question": "How well did that song do internationally?", "rewrite": "How well did the song Young Love do internationally?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In early January 2007, \"Billboard\" listed Young Love as one of \"2007's Best Bets\" for the year, and described their album as \"...the kind of pop that we've been missing: melodic, catchy, smart and as young and in love-with the ubiquitous 'she'-as Romeo...\". On January 3, 2007, MTV premiered the video for the band's newest single, \"Find A New Way\". In addition, the single will serve as the theme song for the network's Jennifer Lopez-produced reality series, DanceLife, which premiered January 15, 2007. January 30, 2007 was the official release of Young Love's full-length debut, \"Too Young to Fight It\". The album includes both \"Discotech\" and \"Tragedy\" along with nine more original songs. In February 2007, the band toured with better known artists, playing shows with several different acts including Head Automatica, Lady Sovereign and Good Charlotte. On April 29, 2007, the band signed with the Konspiracy Theory Music promotion company. The band has toured North America, Europe and United Kingdom. In the summer of 2007, Young Love opened for Erasure's \"Light at the End of the World\" tour. Their song \" Close Your Eyes\" off of \"Too Young to Fight It\" was featured on the My Happy Place episode of Scrubs and on the episode \"Sad Songs for Dirty Lovers\" on One Tree Hill. Young Love's second full length record, \"One Of Us\" came out April 28, 2009 on Island Records, recorded by John King in Los Angeles, California.", "Young Love (Connie Smith and Nat Stuckey album) Young Love is a collaboration album by American country artists, Connie Smith and Nat Stuckey. The album was released in July 1969 by RCA Records and was produced by Bob Ferguson and Felton Jarvis. It was one of two collaboration albums Smith and Stuckey would record together. \"Young Love\" consisted of twelve tracks recorded as duets between Connie Smith and Nat Stuckey. The album included cover versions of the duet hit between Don Gibson and Dottie West entitled, \"Rings of Gold. \" It also included a cover of \"Whispering Hope\" and Sonny James's \"Young Love.\" The album was recorded at the RCA Victor studios in Nashville, Tennessee in April 1969. The album was released on a 12-inch vinyl LP record with six songs on each side of the playing record. The album was reviewed by Allmusic. From the website, \"Young Love\" received a total of three out of five stars. The album has not since been reissued on compact disc since its initial release in 1969. The album can be obtained on CD as part of the Bear Family Records box set \"Connie Smith: \"Just for What I Am\"\" (2012). \"Young Love\" only spawned one single from the album, a cover version of Sonny James's \"Young Love.\" The song became a major hit in the United States. Released in 1969, \"Young Love\" reached a peak of #20 on the \"Billboard Magazine\" Hot Country Songs chart. In addition, the album itself also reached a peak position on the \"Billboard\" charts. Upon its official release in July 1969, \"Young Love\" peaked at #29 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart.", "She later starred in \"A New Kind of Family\" before joining the cast of \"Diff'rent Strokes\", portraying Charlene Duprey for two years. Jackson also played the recurring role of Cleo Hewitt during the fourth season of \"Fame\", but expressed indifference towards the series. When Jackson was sixteen, she was arranged a contract with A&M Records and began recording her debut album with the assistance of her father, working with a number of songwriters and producers such as Ren\u00e9 Moore, Angela Winbush and Bobby Watson, who produced her first single, entitled \"Young Love\", released on July 7, 1982. Lou Broadus, music director of WASC Radio, described the song as an \"uptempo, happy song with a good hook\". After the single \"Young Love\" was released, it became a hit with young people. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from website AllMusic noted that Jackson demonstrated \"no distinctive musical personality of her own, which isn't surprising considering that she was in her teens. [...] Only \"Young Love\" stands out among the undistinguished, sub-disco thumpers and drippy ballads. In the United States, \"Young Love\" received little notoriety on the principal singles chart, the \"Billboard\" Hot 100; it was able to reach a peak of number 64. However, on the Hot R&B/ Hip-Hop Songs, the single managed to reach number six. In New Zealand, \"Young Love\" debuted at number 46 on its singles chart, on the issue dated March 13, 1983. Several weeks later, on April 17, 1983, the song reached its peak of number 16. It fell off the chart on May 1, at number 33. A year later, it re-entered the singles chart, at number 45.", "Young Love (comics) Young Love was one of the earliest romance comics titles, published by Crestwood/Prize, and later sold to DC Comics. After the Sept/Oct 1947 release of Crestwood/Prize's genre-launching \"Young Romance\" comic, (arguably the first romance comic), by the prolific team of Simon & Kirby sold \"millions of copies\", the company (and duo) swiftly prepared a separate, spin-off title to capitalise on the success of this new genre. Launched amid imitators from (among others) Quality Comics, Fawcett Publications, Fox Features Syndicate and Timely Comics, Crestwood/Prize's companion title Young Love was released \"less than a year and a half\" after the debut of \"Young Romance\", and also sold well. Launched in February 1949, \"Young Love\" ran initially for 73 issues, until December 1956. Four months later (Apr/May 1957), Prize launched \"All for Love\", which ran for 17 issues until Feb/Mar 1959, when it went on a year's hiatus, returning the following year and retitled \"Young Love\". This retitled series then ran for 21 issues between February 1960 and June 1963, whereupon Crestwood/Prize sold this \u2013 and other \u2013 titles to DC Comics, who produced a further 88 issues between 1963 and 1977. Criticised somewhat (as was the whole comics industry) during the mid-1950s \"Seduction of the Innocent\"-inspired Comic Book Hearings (part of the Senate Subcommittee hearings on the causes of juvenile delinquency) , \"love\" or \"romance\" comics began to sell less well, and by 1963, Crestwood/Prize \"got out of the comic book business,\" selling many of their titles (including \"Young Romance\" and \"Young Love\") to DC Comics.", "Young Love (band) Young Love is an American dance-rock band formed in 2005 in New York City. Dan Keyes handles the majority of the production and songwriting in addition to providing lead vocals. Young Love's debut full-length album, \"Too Young to Fight It\" was released on January 30, 2007 in the United States. Prior to creating Young Love, Dan Keyes fronted the Austin, Texas post-hardcore band Recover with much help from Rory Phillips. After releasing three albums with the quartet, Keyes felt the need for change, but continued work with Phillips. A friend offered him a place to stay in New York City, and within weeks Keyes was traveling from Austin to New York with just one bag and his guitar. Keyes spent 2005 working at a restaurant in the city as well as working on music that he started while he was touring with Recover. At the end of 2005 Island Records signed the musician, and by summer 2006, Keyes and his band, now known as Young Love, were performing with Stolen Transmission at Annex in New York City. In mid-July, a live video of Keyes performing the song \"We Want Drugs\" acoustic was released on YouTube. In September, two short promotional videos were released for the single \"Discotech\". The single was also featured on the FIFA 07 soundtrack. In October, a full video featuring live footage was released for the single, and on November 21, 2006, the \"Young Love EP\" was released on iTunes, and featured \"Discotech\" a new song, \"Tragedy\" and two remixes. In December, Young Love played several shows with British MC Lady Sovereign."], "answer": {"text": "The track peaked at No. 11 in the UK Singles Chart.", "answer_start": 505}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was one of Sonny James' hits?", "answer": {"text": "\"Young Love\",", "answer_start": 28, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was it released?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1956", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well did it do on the music charts?", "answer": {"text": "it topped both the US country and pop music charts in", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did it top the pop music charts?", "answer": {"text": "January to February 1957.", "answer_start": 201, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many records did it sell?", "answer": {"text": "It sold well over one million copies,", "answer_start": 557, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_add9acdf3ec1465795afe348fa78c79c_0_q#0", "question": "What is JEM?", "rewrite": "What is JEM?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["During her time with the family, Jem works in The Dog in the Pond and starts running a martial arts class teaching a lovestruck Duncan Button (Dean Aspen). Duncan tried to kiss Jem, but she retaliated using the exercise she taught him. Jem realised that Gilly was still in love with Steph, and called off their engagement, even after making an effort to befriend Steph. Jem helps Anita Roy (Saira Choudhry) track down her birth mother, Eva Strong (Sheree Murphy), and moves in with Anita and her brother Ravi Roy (Stephen Uppal). Jem applys for a job at the SU Bar but India Longford (Beth Kingston) applies for the same job. Jem and India both try and persuade Charlotte Lau (Amy Yamazaki) to give them the job and after organising an event as part of the interview process with India gaining the job, however they both later agree to share the job. Jem and Ravi flirt and sleep together leaving Anita annoyed. Jem and Ravi go out for a drink where Jem meets her father Carl for the first time in three years. Carl tells Jem he is the new owner of the pub. Jem reunites with her step-mother Heidi and brothers Riley and Seth but refuses to talk to Carl after his numerous affairs. Jem starts to bond with Carl and they try to rebuild their relationship. When the family learns that Jasmine is seeing Bart McQueen (Jonny Clarke), Carl is furious and threatens him. Jem breaks up the confrontation and asks \"What are you going to do, break his legs? \" When she talks to Carl outside, she reveals that he broke the leg of her ex-boyfriend Liam McAllister (Chris Overton). Liam was also training to be a footballer like Carl, but he ruined Liam's career.", "Jem splits up with Ravi after finding out that he slept with Eva. In September 2010, Jem decides to join Hollyoaks Community College, followed by Darren Osborne's (Ashley Taylor Dawson) decision to join as well. Jem is allocated a flat alongside the other fresher students. She kisses Doug Carter (PJ Brennan) to annoy Carl, which raises suspicion that he was responsible for attacking Doug later that day. Jem accused Carl of hitting Doug, but became aware of the absurity of her allegations against him, and apologised to Carl. Jem then starts studying for her play which is graded on, helps Kevin Smith (Cameron Crighton) and Jamil Fadel (Sakinder Malik) through their problems. Liam later turns up in the village, she explains why she left him and they go on a few dates. Later when her brothers end up in danger after going to a party hosted by Liam and his brother Nathan, Heidi angrily blames Jem for allowing the boys to go and putting their lives at risk. When Nathan dies Liam returns to the village seeking revenge on Carl. Later Jasmine tells Jem she wants to be a boy. Jem agrees to help Liam by paying Mitzeee (Rachel Shenton) to seduce Carl. Jem's plan backfires as Mitzeee sleeps with Liam and Heidi finds out what Jem's been up to. Jasmine Costello (Victoria Atkin) reveals to Jem that she is now Jason and she feels like she is a boy. Although Jem is accepting she exclaims their father won't be. After an argument with Heidi, Jem decides she needs to leave. Finally making up with her father, she says a tearful goodbye to her family.", ", she had Ragnor Fell keep tabs on the whereabouts of the Herondales. The next day, Tessa is at breakfast, and Will is still missing. During her training with Gabriel and Gideon, an argument arises and Gabriel storms out of the Institute. Charlotte calls on Ragnor to ask him to again, keep track of the Herondales. When Tessa returns to her room, she gets a letter from Magnus Bane, telling her that she must go find Will, because he may be in serious trouble. Tessa goes to Jem's room, and together they search Will's room for his family dagger. In Will room, Tessa finds her letters that she wrote to her brother during her stay with the Dark Sisters and becomes angry with Will. Jem finds the receipt for yin fen (the drug Jem relies on) and Will's dagger. Together, they take the carriage, and Jem tracks Will's location to an ifrit den in the East End of London. Jem and Tessa arrive at the ifrit den and find Will drugged out. Jem is upset with Will and smacks him in the face. When the three of them arrive at the institute, Jem runs from the carriage, into the Institute and disappears. Later that night, Jem violently plays his violin, awakening Tessa. Jem confesses that he's not going to live much longer, and he is angry that Will has taken pleasure in the very drug that is sapping his life. Tessa and Jem grow closer and closer and kiss passionately on Jem's bed. When Tessa leaves (after accidentally kicking the box containing Jem's yin fen during their amorous activities), she sees Jessamine sneaking out again dressed as a man. The next morning, Will tells the Institute that werewolves are buying yin fen in high quantities, and are working for Mortmain.", "Jem (TV series) Jem, also known as Jem and the Holograms, is an American animated television series that ran from 1985 to 1988 on first-run syndication in the United States. The series is about music company owner Jerrica Benton, her singer alter-ego Jem, her band the Holograms, and their adventures. The series was a joint collaboration by Hasbro, Sunbow Productions and Marvel Productions, the same team responsible for \"\" and \"Transformers\". The creator of the series, Christy Marx, had also been a staff writer for the aforementioned programs. The animation for most of the episodes was provided by Japanese animation studio Toei Animation. The series revolves around Jerrica Benton, the owner and manager of Starlight Music and, as Jem, lead singer of the rock group Jem and the Holograms. Jerrica adopts the persona of Jem with the help of a holographic computer, known as Synergy, which was built by Jerrica's father to be \"the ultimate audio-visual entertainment synthesizer\" and is bequeathed to her after his death. Jerrica is able to command Synergy to project the hologram of Jem over herself by means of the remote micro-projectors in her earrings, thus disguising her features and clothing, enabling her to assume the Jem persona. Jem, through the use of her earrings, is also able to project holograms around her and uses this ability throughout the series to avoid danger and provide special effects for the performances of her group. Jem's group, the Holograms, consists of Kimber Benton, Jerrica's younger sister, keyboardist, and main songwriter for the band; Aja Leith, guitarist; and Shana Elmsford, who plays the synth drums.", "Samantha Newark Samantha Newark (born 27 June 1967) is an English-born American singer-songwriter and voice actress. She is best known for her voice-over work as the speaking voice of Jem and Jerrica in the animated cartoon series Jem. As a teenager, Newark became a voice-over talent in mainstream television. Her work on \"Jem\" produced a serious cult following that persists to this day. She lent her voice to many radio and TV projects while writing and performing her original music as a solo recording artist in Los Angeles CA, Nashville TN and Dallas, Texas. In 2015 Newark appeared in the live action feature film adaptation on \"Jem and the Holograms\" directed by Jon Chu. Samantha Newark was born in Wimbledon, London. Although she was born in England, her family then moved to Africa and later to the US. She attended several different schools and began her music career in Africa after seeing Lena Zavaroni perform. She continued working as an actress and singer and came to prominence when she landed the role of Jem in 1985. Newark is best known for her voice-over work on the animated 1980s cartoon series \"Jem\" as the speaking voice of Jerrica/Jem (Britta Phillips was the singing voice). \"Jem\" remains her most well known role and Newark receives invitations to meet the Jem fans at Pop Culture conventions all over the world. Newark made a cameo appearance in the Jem and the Holograms live action film adaptation. Newark was nominated for a \"Young Artist award\" twice for \"Exceptional young actress in animation, series, specials, or film features\" also nominated for her performance in \"Best animated series\". Other voice-over credits include guest-starring on the original \"Transformers\" cartoon as \"Ariel\" in the classic \"Transformers\" episode \"War Dawn\" and in other episodes playing the role of \"Elise Presser\"."], "answer": {"text": "Vai designed the Ibanez JEM guitar, a unique instrument that incorporated a series of groundbreaking designs", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_add9acdf3ec1465795afe348fa78c79c_0_q#1", "question": "What was unique about it", "rewrite": "What was unique about the Ibanez JEM guitar?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In response to these offers, Vai sent out the specifications of the JEM guitar, detailing that the company that returned the best guitar would be given the endorsement. Dissatisfied with the guitars returned and unwilling to compromise, Vai held out on a guitar endorsement until Ibanez approached him, sending him an instrument superior to that of the other companies and willing to follow his instructions. After the pre-production prototypes were perfected, the first production Ibanez JEM 777 guitars were unveiled at the NAMM Show in 1987. Since its original 1987 release, the JEM has become one of the longest-running and most successful signature series guitars in history, with its sister guitar, the Ibanez RG, being the second highest-selling guitar (behind the Fender Stratocaster) on the market. Another design by Vai was the Ibanez Universe, the first production seven-string guitar, which was released in 1989. The Universe incorporated many of the aspects that made the JEM a unique instrument (24 frets, full floating tremolo, special pickup configuration, angled output jack, and deeper body cutaway), with an added low 'B' string, allowing for new low-range sonic possibilities. Used by Vai on much of Passion and Warfare and all of Whitesnake's Slip of the Tongue, the Universe was a large stepping stone for the burgeoning Nu-metal genre (with bands such as Korn having adopted the instrument and incorporating it into their signature sound).", "Vai designed the Ibanez JEM guitar, a unique instrument that incorporated a series of groundbreaking designs that have since become staples in feature throughout the guitar industry, in 1985. In speaking of the development of the guitar, Vai says, \"Stratocasters had whammy bars--which were fantastic--but they were very limited, were always going out of tune, and had single-coil pickups. Les Pauls had humbuckers--which gave you that real scream in the bridge position--but no whammy bar, and I didn't like the way they sat. Neither guitar had twenty-four frets. So I went to a guitar shop in Hollywood, where I had these elements implemented into a guitar (what would have been considered a Superstrat at the time). The guitar was designed with a sharper body shape, a large cutaway around the neck, twenty-four frets, a fully floating tremolo system, a specially wired five-way pickup selector switch, and an output jack angled on the side of the body (so that when you step on the cable, it doesn't pull out of your guitar). I knew of course that these features would eventually be taken and used in other guitars, so I did something completely preposterous: I said, 'Put a handle in it!' That way, during videos and photoshoots I could swing the guitar around.\" Vai had several custom prototypes of these guitars built (which were used on the Eat 'Em and Smile tour) by Joe \"Jem\" Despagni, a custom guitar luthier and friend of Vai's. Due to Vai's highly coveted position in Roth's band, many guitar companies were eager to propose endorsement opportunities.", "Ibanez E-Gen The Ibanez E-Gen was an electric guitar introduced by Ibanez in 2008 as Herman Li\u2019s signature model. It is derived from the Ibanez S prestige models. The E-Gen is a solid body electric guitar made of mahogany with a flame maple top. The neck is a five piece maple/walnut configuration. It features jumbo frets, a rosewood fingerboard and an abalone oval inlay. It features the Edge Zero bridge as well. The pickups are custom designed by DiMarzio. It features a bolt on wizard one neck, and is an arch top guitar. The hardware has a gold finish and the body has a transparent violet flat finish. In addition, frets 21-24 are scalloped and the routings on the upper horn of the guitar form a grip handle, alluding to the \"monkey\"-shaped grip handle of the Ibanez Jem series. On May 9, Li announced on his Facebook page that he received an Ibanez E-Gen 7 String. The details of the guitar are unknown except that it is a seven string and that whether or not it will be a mass or limited production guitar for his signature guitar series. In January 2011, Li announced the E-Gen 7 string guitar would be in Blue/White or Red/Orange. In April 2011, Li posted a picture of an Ibanez E-Gen 7 String in Chameleon Violet on his Facebook page.", "Hoshino Gakki's relationship with guitarist Steve Vai resulted in the introduction of the Ibanez JEM and the Ibanez Universe models; after the earlier successes of the Roadstar and Iceman models in the late 1970s \u2013 early 1980s, Hoshino Gakki entered the superstrat market with the RG series, a lower-priced version of their JEM series. Hoshino Gakki also had semi-acoustic, nylon- and steel-stringed acoustic guitars manufactured under the Ibanez name. Most Ibanez guitars were made by the FujiGen guitar factory in Japan up until the mid- to late 1980s, and from then on Ibanez guitars have also been made in other Asian countries such as Korea, China, and Indonesia. During the early 1980s, the FujiGen guitar factory also produced most of the Roland guitar synthesizers, including the Stratocaster-style Roland G-505, the twin-humbucker Roland G-202 (endorsed by Adrian Belew, Eric Clapton, Dean Brown, Jeff Baxter, Yannis Spathas, Christoforos Krokidis, Steve Howe, Mike Rutherford, Andy Summers, Neal Schon and Steve Hackett) and the Ibanez X-ING IMG-2010. Cimar and Starfield were guitar and bass brands owned by Hoshino Gakki. In the 1970s, Hoshino Gakki and Kanda Shokai shared some guitar designs, and so some Ibanez and Greco guitars have the same features. The Greco versions were sold in Japan and the Ibanez versions were sold outside Japan. From 1982, Ibanez guitars have also been sold in Japan as well. Guitar brands such as Antoria and Mann shared some Ibanez guitar designs. The Antoria guitar brand was managed by JT Coppock Leeds Ltd England.", "Ibanez JEM The Ibanez JEM is an electric guitar manufactured by Ibanez and first produced in 1987. The guitar's most notable user is its co-designer, Steve Vai. As of 2010, there have been five sub-models of the JEM: the JEM7, JEM77, JEM777, JEM555, JEM333, and JEM70V. Although the Ibanez JEM series is a signature series guitar, Ibanez mass-produces several of the guitar's sub-models. The design of the Ibanez JEM series was heavily influenced by the superstrat style of guitars of the early 1980s such as the Jackson Soloist, Kramer Beretta and Hamer Chaparral. This type of guitar is more aggressively styled in terms of shape and specifications compared to the Stratocaster on which they are based. Previously, Vai used a handbuilt guitar by Charvel Jackson. With Joe Despagni and Tom Anderson he created various custom guitars and used Tom Anderson's model to record the demo of the David Lee Roth album \"Skyscraper\". Vai also began to bring his Tom Anderson guitars on tour: \"... He built this for me after my old green monster, which I used out on the road last year until it died. I was pulling on the whammy bar and ripped the bar right out of the guitar [laughs]; it was actually ripped out before the show at Madison Square Garden. I was dying. So I started using Tom's guitar as my main guitar for the rest of the tour, and I really like it because it has a very heavy sound to it. So I took the best of the sounds from that guitar and had them incorporated into the Ibanez.\""], "answer": {"text": "The guitar was designed with a sharper body shape, a large cutaway around the neck, twenty-four frets, a fully floating tremolo system,", "answer_start": 719}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is JEM?", "answer": {"text": "Vai designed the Ibanez JEM guitar, a unique instrument that incorporated a series of groundbreaking designs", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_add9acdf3ec1465795afe348fa78c79c_0_q#2", "question": "What was different about its sound", "rewrite": "What was different about the sound of the Ibanez JEM guitar?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hoshino Gakki's relationship with guitarist Steve Vai resulted in the introduction of the Ibanez JEM and the Ibanez Universe models; after the earlier successes of the Roadstar and Iceman models in the late 1970s \u2013 early 1980s, Hoshino Gakki entered the superstrat market with the RG series, a lower-priced version of their JEM series. Hoshino Gakki also had semi-acoustic, nylon- and steel-stringed acoustic guitars manufactured under the Ibanez name. Most Ibanez guitars were made by the FujiGen guitar factory in Japan up until the mid- to late 1980s, and from then on Ibanez guitars have also been made in other Asian countries such as Korea, China, and Indonesia. During the early 1980s, the FujiGen guitar factory also produced most of the Roland guitar synthesizers, including the Stratocaster-style Roland G-505, the twin-humbucker Roland G-202 (endorsed by Adrian Belew, Eric Clapton, Dean Brown, Jeff Baxter, Yannis Spathas, Christoforos Krokidis, Steve Howe, Mike Rutherford, Andy Summers, Neal Schon and Steve Hackett) and the Ibanez X-ING IMG-2010. Cimar and Starfield were guitar and bass brands owned by Hoshino Gakki. In the 1970s, Hoshino Gakki and Kanda Shokai shared some guitar designs, and so some Ibanez and Greco guitars have the same features. The Greco versions were sold in Japan and the Ibanez versions were sold outside Japan. From 1982, Ibanez guitars have also been sold in Japan as well. Guitar brands such as Antoria and Mann shared some Ibanez guitar designs. The Antoria guitar brand was managed by JT Coppock Leeds Ltd England.", "Vai decided to stop using his Anderson guitar in favour of a guitar deal with a bigger company. Just before Christmas 1986 Ibanez received Vai's guitar specification; they were similar to Despagni's guitars. Ibanez built one of their \"Maxxas\" guitars for him with a palmrest for the tremolo. Vai liked the model and decided to produce that particular guitar with Ibanez. It took five months to make the new model samples in Japan, the JEM guitar and the RG range which launched at the NAMM Industry Trade Show in June 1987. After the JEM series was launched at the NAMM show, Ibanez with Steve Vai began to design and produce the guitar actively. Rich Lasner of Hoshino explained that Vai used a \"Chinese menu approach\" to design the guitar (i.e. choosing from many different categories). The first design was by Vai, when he sent Hoshino his ideas from many different guitar features he liked and combined it into one guitar. The essential considerations were the weight, wood types and pickups. For the latter specification, Vai decided long before Ibanez contacted him, that he would use DiMarzio pickups for his guitars. Later, Lasner asked Vai to explain the guitar specifications further: \"'The first thing he did\" Lasner explains, \"was disassemble them on the spot. Neck from body, pickguard off, tremolo out... took 'em apart. I was shocked, to say the least. But Steve looked at me nonchalantly and said, 'Relax, I do this all the time.' He wanted to check Mace's detail and craftsmanship.\"", "Ibanez JEM The Ibanez JEM is an electric guitar manufactured by Ibanez and first produced in 1987. The guitar's most notable user is its co-designer, Steve Vai. As of 2010, there have been five sub-models of the JEM: the JEM7, JEM77, JEM777, JEM555, JEM333, and JEM70V. Although the Ibanez JEM series is a signature series guitar, Ibanez mass-produces several of the guitar's sub-models. The design of the Ibanez JEM series was heavily influenced by the superstrat style of guitars of the early 1980s such as the Jackson Soloist, Kramer Beretta and Hamer Chaparral. This type of guitar is more aggressively styled in terms of shape and specifications compared to the Stratocaster on which they are based. Previously, Vai used a handbuilt guitar by Charvel Jackson. With Joe Despagni and Tom Anderson he created various custom guitars and used Tom Anderson's model to record the demo of the David Lee Roth album \"Skyscraper\". Vai also began to bring his Tom Anderson guitars on tour: \"... He built this for me after my old green monster, which I used out on the road last year until it died. I was pulling on the whammy bar and ripped the bar right out of the guitar [laughs]; it was actually ripped out before the show at Madison Square Garden. I was dying. So I started using Tom's guitar as my main guitar for the rest of the tour, and I really like it because it has a very heavy sound to it. So I took the best of the sounds from that guitar and had them incorporated into the Ibanez.\"", "Vai designed the Ibanez JEM guitar, a unique instrument that incorporated a series of groundbreaking designs that have since become staples in feature throughout the guitar industry, in 1985. In speaking of the development of the guitar, Vai says, \"Stratocasters had whammy bars--which were fantastic--but they were very limited, were always going out of tune, and had single-coil pickups. Les Pauls had humbuckers--which gave you that real scream in the bridge position--but no whammy bar, and I didn't like the way they sat. Neither guitar had twenty-four frets. So I went to a guitar shop in Hollywood, where I had these elements implemented into a guitar (what would have been considered a Superstrat at the time). The guitar was designed with a sharper body shape, a large cutaway around the neck, twenty-four frets, a fully floating tremolo system, a specially wired five-way pickup selector switch, and an output jack angled on the side of the body (so that when you step on the cable, it doesn't pull out of your guitar). I knew of course that these features would eventually be taken and used in other guitars, so I did something completely preposterous: I said, 'Put a handle in it!' That way, during videos and photoshoots I could swing the guitar around.\" Vai had several custom prototypes of these guitars built (which were used on the Eat 'Em and Smile tour) by Joe \"Jem\" Despagni, a custom guitar luthier and friend of Vai's. Due to Vai's highly coveted position in Roth's band, many guitar companies were eager to propose endorsement opportunities.", "In response to these offers, Vai sent out the specifications of the JEM guitar, detailing that the company that returned the best guitar would be given the endorsement. Dissatisfied with the guitars returned and unwilling to compromise, Vai held out on a guitar endorsement until Ibanez approached him, sending him an instrument superior to that of the other companies and willing to follow his instructions. After the pre-production prototypes were perfected, the first production Ibanez JEM 777 guitars were unveiled at the NAMM Show in 1987. Since its original 1987 release, the JEM has become one of the longest-running and most successful signature series guitars in history, with its sister guitar, the Ibanez RG, being the second highest-selling guitar (behind the Fender Stratocaster) on the market. Another design by Vai was the Ibanez Universe, the first production seven-string guitar, which was released in 1989. The Universe incorporated many of the aspects that made the JEM a unique instrument (24 frets, full floating tremolo, special pickup configuration, angled output jack, and deeper body cutaway), with an added low 'B' string, allowing for new low-range sonic possibilities. Used by Vai on much of Passion and Warfare and all of Whitesnake's Slip of the Tongue, the Universe was a large stepping stone for the burgeoning Nu-metal genre (with bands such as Korn having adopted the instrument and incorporating it into their signature sound)."], "answer": {"text": "new low-range sonic possibilities.", "answer_start": 1162}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is JEM?", "answer": {"text": "Vai designed the Ibanez JEM guitar, a unique instrument that incorporated a series of groundbreaking designs", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was unique about it", "answer": {"text": "The guitar was designed with a sharper body shape, a large cutaway around the neck, twenty-four frets, a fully floating tremolo system,", "answer_start": 719, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_add9acdf3ec1465795afe348fa78c79c_0_q#3", "question": "What was his connection with Universe Guitars", "rewrite": "What was Vai's connection with Universe Guitars?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In response to these offers, Vai sent out the specifications of the JEM guitar, detailing that the company that returned the best guitar would be given the endorsement. Dissatisfied with the guitars returned and unwilling to compromise, Vai held out on a guitar endorsement until Ibanez approached him, sending him an instrument superior to that of the other companies and willing to follow his instructions. After the pre-production prototypes were perfected, the first production Ibanez JEM 777 guitars were unveiled at the NAMM Show in 1987. Since its original 1987 release, the JEM has become one of the longest-running and most successful signature series guitars in history, with its sister guitar, the Ibanez RG, being the second highest-selling guitar (behind the Fender Stratocaster) on the market. Another design by Vai was the Ibanez Universe, the first production seven-string guitar, which was released in 1989. The Universe incorporated many of the aspects that made the JEM a unique instrument (24 frets, full floating tremolo, special pickup configuration, angled output jack, and deeper body cutaway), with an added low 'B' string, allowing for new low-range sonic possibilities. Used by Vai on much of Passion and Warfare and all of Whitesnake's Slip of the Tongue, the Universe was a large stepping stone for the burgeoning Nu-metal genre (with bands such as Korn having adopted the instrument and incorporating it into their signature sound).", "Vai people The Vai are a Manden ethnic group that live mostly in Liberia, with a small minority living in south-eastern Sierra Leone. The Vai are known for their indigenous syllabic writing system known as Vai syllabary, developed in the 1820s by Momolu Duwalu Bukele and other tribal elders. Over the course of the 19th century, literacy in the writing system became widespread. Its use declined over the 20th century, but modern computer technology may enable a revival. The Vai people speak the Vai language, which is of the Mande languages. The Sierra Leonean Vai are predominantly found in Pujehun District (around the Liberian border) . Many Sierra Leonean villages that border Liberia are populated by the Vai. In total only about 1200 Vai live in Sierra Leone. The earliest written documentation of the Vai is by Dutch merchants sometime in the first half of the seventeenth century, denoting a political group near Cape Mount. The Vai likely settled there as part of the Mane invasions from the Mali Empire in the middle of the sixteenth century and, according to Vai oral tradition were led by the brothers F\u00e1bule and K\u012bat\u00e1mba in conquering the land down to the coast. In many aspects, the Vai are a unique African ethnicity. Many believe that the region inhabited by the Vai is the original home of the Poro, a male secret society known throughout West Africa. The Vai are also quite musical. They play many instruments and perform dances on special occasions. The Vai have three types of schooling. The first and most important is the bush school, where the children learn traditional Vai socialization skills, important survival skills, and other traits of village life for four to five years. Second is the English school; some Vai children attend English schools to learn the English language.", "This gave the guitar the dark woodiness, breath, and richness that is associated with traditional \"jazz\" tone, but also made prone to feedback at high volumes, making it problematic for rock guitar playing. In the early thirties the National String Instrument Corporation offered seven-string versions of their solid-body lap-steel guitars. A solid body seven-string electric guitar was conceived by guitarist Lenny Breau and built by luthier Kirk Sand, debuting at the 1983 NAMM convention featuring a high A-string (rather than the low A-string of Eps). In 1987, Fender signed an agreement with Alex Gregory to produce a Stratocaster-style guitar that featured a high A-string. A small number of prototypes were made. However the unit was never put into production. The first mass-produced seven-string was the Ibanez UV7 as a signature model for Steve Vai. It was also used by John Petrucci, Reb Beach and Korn amongst others. Vai was drawn to the idea for much of the same reasons seven-string classical and jazz players were\u2014 the extended range the additional string offered. After initial experimentation with a high A, a low B was added as the high A proved to be too prone to breaking. (Kirk Sand and Lenny Breau solved the breaking high A string problem by shortening the scale length to 22.75\", Vai's Ibanez is 25.5\".) Vai began touring with Whitesnake with a seven-string prototype, and then used the guitars for his 1990 release \"Passion and Warfare\". The seven-string guitar became prominent when the band Korn featured Ibanez Universe guitars on their 1994 debut album. During the 1990s, manufacturers of 7-strings included Fender's subsidiary Squier and Gibson's subsidiary Epiphone.", "Passion and Warfare Passion and Warfare is the second studio album by guitarist Steve Vai, released in May 1990 through Relativity and Epic Records. It has been certified Gold by the RIAA. It was written based on a series of dream sequences that Vai had when he was younger, and in the guitar music book of the album, Vai sums it up as \"Jimi Hendrix meets Jesus Christ at a party that threw for Mel Blanc\". It was all recorded in The Mothership studio at his home in the Hollywood Hills, a building in which his guitar parts for Whitesnake's 1989 album \"Slip of the Tongue\" were also recorded. As such, Whitesnake frontman David Coverdale has small spoken parts on \"Passion and Warfare\". Vai states that planning the album started as early as 1982, but was shelved after joining the David Lee Roth band and not picked up again until parting ways with Roth in 1989. Vai utilized many unusual recording techniques on the album. For what would come to be one of his most popular songs to date, \"For the Love of God\", he fasted for ten days and recorded the song on the fourth day of the fast. \" Blue Powder\" was originally recorded in 1986 as a showcase track for Carvin, using their X-100B amplifier, and given away with \"Guitar Player\" magazine in flexi disc format. Vai was introduced to Carvin by his mentor Frank Zappa, who had also used the X-100B. The drums were subsequently re-recorded for the album. The equipment used to record \"Passion and Warfare\" was: Ibanez JEM and Universe guitars; Charvel Green Meanie guitar; Marshall JCM900 and Carvin X-100B amplifiers; ADA MP-1 preamplier; Boss DS-1 distortion pedal; Eventide H3000 harmonizer; Lexicon 480L.", "Vai decided to stop using his Anderson guitar in favour of a guitar deal with a bigger company. Just before Christmas 1986 Ibanez received Vai's guitar specification; they were similar to Despagni's guitars. Ibanez built one of their \"Maxxas\" guitars for him with a palmrest for the tremolo. Vai liked the model and decided to produce that particular guitar with Ibanez. It took five months to make the new model samples in Japan, the JEM guitar and the RG range which launched at the NAMM Industry Trade Show in June 1987. After the JEM series was launched at the NAMM show, Ibanez with Steve Vai began to design and produce the guitar actively. Rich Lasner of Hoshino explained that Vai used a \"Chinese menu approach\" to design the guitar (i.e. choosing from many different categories). The first design was by Vai, when he sent Hoshino his ideas from many different guitar features he liked and combined it into one guitar. The essential considerations were the weight, wood types and pickups. For the latter specification, Vai decided long before Ibanez contacted him, that he would use DiMarzio pickups for his guitars. Later, Lasner asked Vai to explain the guitar specifications further: \"'The first thing he did\" Lasner explains, \"was disassemble them on the spot. Neck from body, pickguard off, tremolo out... took 'em apart. I was shocked, to say the least. But Steve looked at me nonchalantly and said, 'Relax, I do this all the time.' He wanted to check Mace's detail and craftsmanship.\""], "answer": {"text": "Another design by Vai was the Ibanez Universe, the first production seven-string guitar, which was released in 1989.", "answer_start": 808}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is JEM?", "answer": {"text": "Vai designed the Ibanez JEM guitar, a unique instrument that incorporated a series of groundbreaking designs", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was unique about it", "answer": {"text": "The guitar was designed with a sharper body shape, a large cutaway around the neck, twenty-four frets, a fully floating tremolo system,", "answer_start": 719, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was different about its sound", "answer": {"text": "new low-range sonic possibilities.", "answer_start": 1162, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_add9acdf3ec1465795afe348fa78c79c_0_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Vai designing guitars with Universe Guitars are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["This gave the guitar the dark woodiness, breath, and richness that is associated with traditional \"jazz\" tone, but also made prone to feedback at high volumes, making it problematic for rock guitar playing. In the early thirties the National String Instrument Corporation offered seven-string versions of their solid-body lap-steel guitars. A solid body seven-string electric guitar was conceived by guitarist Lenny Breau and built by luthier Kirk Sand, debuting at the 1983 NAMM convention featuring a high A-string (rather than the low A-string of Eps). In 1987, Fender signed an agreement with Alex Gregory to produce a Stratocaster-style guitar that featured a high A-string. A small number of prototypes were made. However the unit was never put into production. The first mass-produced seven-string was the Ibanez UV7 as a signature model for Steve Vai. It was also used by John Petrucci, Reb Beach and Korn amongst others. Vai was drawn to the idea for much of the same reasons seven-string classical and jazz players were\u2014 the extended range the additional string offered. After initial experimentation with a high A, a low B was added as the high A proved to be too prone to breaking. (Kirk Sand and Lenny Breau solved the breaking high A string problem by shortening the scale length to 22.75\", Vai's Ibanez is 25.5\".) Vai began touring with Whitesnake with a seven-string prototype, and then used the guitars for his 1990 release \"Passion and Warfare\". The seven-string guitar became prominent when the band Korn featured Ibanez Universe guitars on their 1994 debut album. During the 1990s, manufacturers of 7-strings included Fender's subsidiary Squier and Gibson's subsidiary Epiphone.", "Evo (guitar) Evo is the name that Steve Vai has given to his primary stage and recording guitar, an Ibanez JEM7VWH. It was co designed by Vai and guitar manufacturer Ibanez in 1987. ' Evo' still retains identical specifications to the production model, with several aesthetic modifications. The Ibanez JEM line is considered Vai's signature guitar line. Around 1993 he recalls that he wanted to design a \"Jem that had a classic look to it,\" and out of this came the JEM7VWH. Vai was sent four production models when they came out and started playing them all in an effort to decide which one to use on a longer-term basis. According to Vai, \"guitars are like snowflakes in that it seems like there are no two that are exactly alike,\" so it was important to him to select one which fit his playing best. Around the same time Dimarzio also sent him several pickup prototypes, of which one design was selected and dubbed \"Evolution\". Vai then named his favourite of the guitars \"Evo\" (after the pickups installed in it) so that he could easily distinguish between his aesthetically identical guitars. Vai has played Evo since before the recording of \"Sex & Religion\" in 1993. Evo is largely identical to a stock JEM7VWH, sporting an Ibanez Edge tremolo, 24-fret neck, and Dimarzio Evolution pickups. The tremolo cavity is stuffed with paper to reduce spring noise and feedback therefrom. The guitar is currently on its third neck, the first having been broken in Australia on tour and the second being replaced for a more recent tour.", "Passion and Warfare Passion and Warfare is the second studio album by guitarist Steve Vai, released in May 1990 through Relativity and Epic Records. It has been certified Gold by the RIAA. It was written based on a series of dream sequences that Vai had when he was younger, and in the guitar music book of the album, Vai sums it up as \"Jimi Hendrix meets Jesus Christ at a party that threw for Mel Blanc\". It was all recorded in The Mothership studio at his home in the Hollywood Hills, a building in which his guitar parts for Whitesnake's 1989 album \"Slip of the Tongue\" were also recorded. As such, Whitesnake frontman David Coverdale has small spoken parts on \"Passion and Warfare\". Vai states that planning the album started as early as 1982, but was shelved after joining the David Lee Roth band and not picked up again until parting ways with Roth in 1989. Vai utilized many unusual recording techniques on the album. For what would come to be one of his most popular songs to date, \"For the Love of God\", he fasted for ten days and recorded the song on the fourth day of the fast. \" Blue Powder\" was originally recorded in 1986 as a showcase track for Carvin, using their X-100B amplifier, and given away with \"Guitar Player\" magazine in flexi disc format. Vai was introduced to Carvin by his mentor Frank Zappa, who had also used the X-100B. The drums were subsequently re-recorded for the album. The equipment used to record \"Passion and Warfare\" was: Ibanez JEM and Universe guitars; Charvel Green Meanie guitar; Marshall JCM900 and Carvin X-100B amplifiers; ADA MP-1 preamplier; Boss DS-1 distortion pedal; Eventide H3000 harmonizer; Lexicon 480L.", "Vai decided to stop using his Anderson guitar in favour of a guitar deal with a bigger company. Just before Christmas 1986 Ibanez received Vai's guitar specification; they were similar to Despagni's guitars. Ibanez built one of their \"Maxxas\" guitars for him with a palmrest for the tremolo. Vai liked the model and decided to produce that particular guitar with Ibanez. It took five months to make the new model samples in Japan, the JEM guitar and the RG range which launched at the NAMM Industry Trade Show in June 1987. After the JEM series was launched at the NAMM show, Ibanez with Steve Vai began to design and produce the guitar actively. Rich Lasner of Hoshino explained that Vai used a \"Chinese menu approach\" to design the guitar (i.e. choosing from many different categories). The first design was by Vai, when he sent Hoshino his ideas from many different guitar features he liked and combined it into one guitar. The essential considerations were the weight, wood types and pickups. For the latter specification, Vai decided long before Ibanez contacted him, that he would use DiMarzio pickups for his guitars. Later, Lasner asked Vai to explain the guitar specifications further: \"'The first thing he did\" Lasner explains, \"was disassemble them on the spot. Neck from body, pickguard off, tremolo out... took 'em apart. I was shocked, to say the least. But Steve looked at me nonchalantly and said, 'Relax, I do this all the time.' He wanted to check Mace's detail and craftsmanship.\"", "In response to these offers, Vai sent out the specifications of the JEM guitar, detailing that the company that returned the best guitar would be given the endorsement. Dissatisfied with the guitars returned and unwilling to compromise, Vai held out on a guitar endorsement until Ibanez approached him, sending him an instrument superior to that of the other companies and willing to follow his instructions. After the pre-production prototypes were perfected, the first production Ibanez JEM 777 guitars were unveiled at the NAMM Show in 1987. Since its original 1987 release, the JEM has become one of the longest-running and most successful signature series guitars in history, with its sister guitar, the Ibanez RG, being the second highest-selling guitar (behind the Fender Stratocaster) on the market. Another design by Vai was the Ibanez Universe, the first production seven-string guitar, which was released in 1989. The Universe incorporated many of the aspects that made the JEM a unique instrument (24 frets, full floating tremolo, special pickup configuration, angled output jack, and deeper body cutaway), with an added low 'B' string, allowing for new low-range sonic possibilities. Used by Vai on much of Passion and Warfare and all of Whitesnake's Slip of the Tongue, the Universe was a large stepping stone for the burgeoning Nu-metal genre (with bands such as Korn having adopted the instrument and incorporating it into their signature sound)."], "answer": {"text": "Since its original 1987 release, the JEM has become one of the longest-running and most successful signature series guitars in history,", "answer_start": 545}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is JEM?", "answer": {"text": "Vai designed the Ibanez JEM guitar, a unique instrument that incorporated a series of groundbreaking designs", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was unique about it", "answer": {"text": "The guitar was designed with a sharper body shape, a large cutaway around the neck, twenty-four frets, a fully floating tremolo system,", "answer_start": 719, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was different about its sound", "answer": {"text": "new low-range sonic possibilities.", "answer_start": 1162, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was his connection with Universe Guitars", "answer": {"text": "Another design by Vai was the Ibanez Universe, the first production seven-string guitar, which was released in 1989.", "answer_start": 808, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he design any more guitars", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_add9acdf3ec1465795afe348fa78c79c_0_q#6", "question": "How popular was it", "rewrite": "How popular was the Ibanez Universe guitar?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In response to these offers, Vai sent out the specifications of the JEM guitar, detailing that the company that returned the best guitar would be given the endorsement. Dissatisfied with the guitars returned and unwilling to compromise, Vai held out on a guitar endorsement until Ibanez approached him, sending him an instrument superior to that of the other companies and willing to follow his instructions. After the pre-production prototypes were perfected, the first production Ibanez JEM 777 guitars were unveiled at the NAMM Show in 1987. Since its original 1987 release, the JEM has become one of the longest-running and most successful signature series guitars in history, with its sister guitar, the Ibanez RG, being the second highest-selling guitar (behind the Fender Stratocaster) on the market. Another design by Vai was the Ibanez Universe, the first production seven-string guitar, which was released in 1989. The Universe incorporated many of the aspects that made the JEM a unique instrument (24 frets, full floating tremolo, special pickup configuration, angled output jack, and deeper body cutaway), with an added low 'B' string, allowing for new low-range sonic possibilities. Used by Vai on much of Passion and Warfare and all of Whitesnake's Slip of the Tongue, the Universe was a large stepping stone for the burgeoning Nu-metal genre (with bands such as Korn having adopted the instrument and incorporating it into their signature sound).", "In previous Fear Factory albums, Cazares did not play any guitar solos in Fear Factory for stylistic reasons, but can be heard playing them in his other bands. However, the band's 2010 release, Mechanize, has several lead parts and solos. Dino Cazares currently endorses Ormsby Guitars, a company based in Perth, Australia. He announced the partnership in January 2019, as well as a line of signature models, two of these being revealed at the 2019 Winter NAMM Show. Cazares' main guitars in Fear Factory were previously custom-made 7-string Ibanez models with Seymour Duncan Blackouts pickups installed, usually detuned a whole step (A,D,G,C,F,A,D; from Obsolete on) to allow for even lower registers. His main guitar in Asesino is an Ibanez prototype 8-string guitar (standard tuning with two extra basses: (F#,B,E,A,D,G,B, E) loaded with 2 Seymour Duncan Blackout 8 active pickups. Before using Ibanez guitars, his main instrument was a black custom shop ESP M 6-string guitar with a single EMG 81 in the bridge, detuned to B tuning. This can be seen in the video for the song \"Replica\". His first known Ibanez 7-string is an Ibanez Universe UV7SBK \"Silver Dot\", with a modified pick guard to fit a single passive pickup and a volume knob. He was also known to have an Ibanez Universe UV777BK with similar modifications, except with an EMG 7-string prototype instead of a passive pickup. In January 2015, Ibanez announced a signature model for Dino Cazares, the DCM100.", "Ibanez Universe The Ibanez Universe is the first mass-produced solid body seven-string electric guitar, developed by Steve Vai and manufactured by Ibanez. The Universe is a seven-string version of the Ibanez JEM series, Vai's signature model. It slightly differs from the JEM due to the absence of a \"monkey grip\" cut-out handle on the body. The first Universes, the UV7 and UV77 appeared on the market in 1990, though Vai had played prototypes in live performances before that. The UV7 was available in white (UV7PWH) or black with green appointments (UV7BK). The UV77 was available in a swirled multicolor finish (UV77MC) and is now considered a collector's item. The production UV77MCs were swirled first in Japan. Steve Vai had agreed to only allow the guitars to be produced if they were swirled at the same place his prototypes were: About Time Designs. After a brief period, the UV77MC Japanese Swirls were aborted in favor of the ATD-Swirled ones. The ATD swirled models were done at the ATD factory by Darren Johansen on Long Island N.Y. In 1991, Ibanez also introduced the UV777. The most expensive Universe at the time, it was available in green with a black (white pearloid on some models) pickguard and green/yellow appointments (UV777GR). It also featured a maple fingerboard as opposed to rosewood. The UV7PWH and UV77MC were produced from 1990\u20131993, the UV777 from 1991\u20131993 and the UV7BK from 1990-1994. No Universes were produced in 1995 due to low demand.", "Hoshino Gakki's relationship with guitarist Steve Vai resulted in the introduction of the Ibanez JEM and the Ibanez Universe models; after the earlier successes of the Roadstar and Iceman models in the late 1970s \u2013 early 1980s, Hoshino Gakki entered the superstrat market with the RG series, a lower-priced version of their JEM series. Hoshino Gakki also had semi-acoustic, nylon- and steel-stringed acoustic guitars manufactured under the Ibanez name. Most Ibanez guitars were made by the FujiGen guitar factory in Japan up until the mid- to late 1980s, and from then on Ibanez guitars have also been made in other Asian countries such as Korea, China, and Indonesia. During the early 1980s, the FujiGen guitar factory also produced most of the Roland guitar synthesizers, including the Stratocaster-style Roland G-505, the twin-humbucker Roland G-202 (endorsed by Adrian Belew, Eric Clapton, Dean Brown, Jeff Baxter, Yannis Spathas, Christoforos Krokidis, Steve Howe, Mike Rutherford, Andy Summers, Neal Schon and Steve Hackett) and the Ibanez X-ING IMG-2010. Cimar and Starfield were guitar and bass brands owned by Hoshino Gakki. In the 1970s, Hoshino Gakki and Kanda Shokai shared some guitar designs, and so some Ibanez and Greco guitars have the same features. The Greco versions were sold in Japan and the Ibanez versions were sold outside Japan. From 1982, Ibanez guitars have also been sold in Japan as well. Guitar brands such as Antoria and Mann shared some Ibanez guitar designs. The Antoria guitar brand was managed by JT Coppock Leeds Ltd England.", "This gave the guitar the dark woodiness, breath, and richness that is associated with traditional \"jazz\" tone, but also made prone to feedback at high volumes, making it problematic for rock guitar playing. In the early thirties the National String Instrument Corporation offered seven-string versions of their solid-body lap-steel guitars. A solid body seven-string electric guitar was conceived by guitarist Lenny Breau and built by luthier Kirk Sand, debuting at the 1983 NAMM convention featuring a high A-string (rather than the low A-string of Eps). In 1987, Fender signed an agreement with Alex Gregory to produce a Stratocaster-style guitar that featured a high A-string. A small number of prototypes were made. However the unit was never put into production. The first mass-produced seven-string was the Ibanez UV7 as a signature model for Steve Vai. It was also used by John Petrucci, Reb Beach and Korn amongst others. Vai was drawn to the idea for much of the same reasons seven-string classical and jazz players were\u2014 the extended range the additional string offered. After initial experimentation with a high A, a low B was added as the high A proved to be too prone to breaking. (Kirk Sand and Lenny Breau solved the breaking high A string problem by shortening the scale length to 22.75\", Vai's Ibanez is 25.5\".) Vai began touring with Whitesnake with a seven-string prototype, and then used the guitars for his 1990 release \"Passion and Warfare\". The seven-string guitar became prominent when the band Korn featured Ibanez Universe guitars on their 1994 debut album. During the 1990s, manufacturers of 7-strings included Fender's subsidiary Squier and Gibson's subsidiary Epiphone."], "answer": {"text": "the Universe was a large stepping stone for the burgeoning Nu-metal genre (with bands such as Korn", "answer_start": 1284}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is JEM?", "answer": {"text": "Vai designed the Ibanez JEM guitar, a unique instrument that incorporated a series of groundbreaking designs", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was unique about it", "answer": {"text": "The guitar was designed with a sharper body shape, a large cutaway around the neck, twenty-four frets, a fully floating tremolo system,", "answer_start": 719, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was different about its sound", "answer": {"text": "new low-range sonic possibilities.", "answer_start": 1162, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was his connection with Universe Guitars", "answer": {"text": "Another design by Vai was the Ibanez Universe, the first production seven-string guitar, which was released in 1989.", "answer_start": 808, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he design any more guitars", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Since its original 1987 release, the JEM has become one of the longest-running and most successful signature series guitars in history,", "answer_start": 545, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_add9acdf3ec1465795afe348fa78c79c_0_q#7", "question": "What was unique about his designs", "rewrite": "What was unique about Vai's guitar designs?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ibanez The Hoshino Gakki company began in 1908 as the musical instrument sales division of the \"Hoshino Shoten\", a bookstore chain. Hoshino Gakki decided in 1935 to make Spanish-style acoustic guitars, at first using the \"Ibanez Salvador\" brand name in honor of Spanish luthier Salvador Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, and later simply \"Ibanez\". The modern era of Ibanez guitars began in 1957. The late 1950s and 1960s Ibanez catalogues show guitars with some wild-looking designs, manufactured by Kiso Suzuki Violin, Guyatone, and their own Tama factory established in 1962. After the Tama factory stopped manufacturing guitars in 1966, Hoshino Gakki used the Teisco and FujiGen Gakki guitar factories to make Ibanez guitars, and after the Teisco String Instrument factory closed in 1969/1970, Hoshino Gakki used the FujiGen Gakki guitar factory to make Ibanez guitars. In the 1960s, Japanese guitar makers mainly copied American guitar designs, and Ibanez-branded copies of Gibson, Fender, and Rickenbacker models appear. This resulted in the so-called lawsuit period. During this period, Ibanez produced guitars under the Mann name to avoid authorities in the United States and Canada. Hoshino Gakki introduced Ibanez models that were definitely not copies of the Gibson or Fender designs, such as the Iceman and the Roadstar series. The company has produced its own guitar designs ever since. The late 1980s and early 1990s were an important period for the Ibanez brand.", "Bunker Touch Guitar The Bunker Touch Guitar is a double-necked touch guitar developed by Dave Bunker. Dave Bunker developed and patented the first double-necked tap/touch-style guitar which he called the Duo'Lectar. Bunker introduced this new instrument nationally in 1955 on the Ozark Jubilee television program, and demonstrated it for the Portland Oregonian newspaper in 1960. With the addition of patented refinements, the Duo'Lectar became popularly known as the Bunker Touch Guitar. Except for its twin necks, the Bunker Touch Guitar is similar in appearance to a typical guitar. However, it is dissimilar in its style of play. Strings on the Bunker Touch Guitar are not strummed or plucked, as in the traditional, single-necked guitar. Instead, all strings respond to touch or tap. On the Bunker Touch Guitar, a note sounds when a string is held down and stops when it is released. The left hand plays bass lines on the lower neck, while the right hand simultaneously plays lead lines on the upper neck. It has no head at the top end of the necks (as on conventional guitars) because its tuning keys are located at the base-edge of the instrument. The importance of the early Touch Guitar to the standard single-neck guitar's evolution was acknowledged by its display at Seattle's Experience Music Project Museum (now called Museum of Pop Culture) when it opened in 2000. Dave Bunker detailed the development of his invention in a videotaped interview conducted by the museum. His uniquely designed Touch Guitar continued to mature, and was featured in headline shows at the Golden Nugget in Las Vegas from 1964 through 1974. Selected patents incorporated specifically into the Bunker Touch Guitar have also been used in other contemporary guitar designs. The touch technique has been popularized by guitarists Eddie Van Halen, Stanley Jordan, Steve Vai, and Jeff Healey.", "Vai people The Vai are a Manden ethnic group that live mostly in Liberia, with a small minority living in south-eastern Sierra Leone. The Vai are known for their indigenous syllabic writing system known as Vai syllabary, developed in the 1820s by Momolu Duwalu Bukele and other tribal elders. Over the course of the 19th century, literacy in the writing system became widespread. Its use declined over the 20th century, but modern computer technology may enable a revival. The Vai people speak the Vai language, which is of the Mande languages. The Sierra Leonean Vai are predominantly found in Pujehun District (around the Liberian border) . Many Sierra Leonean villages that border Liberia are populated by the Vai. In total only about 1200 Vai live in Sierra Leone. The earliest written documentation of the Vai is by Dutch merchants sometime in the first half of the seventeenth century, denoting a political group near Cape Mount. The Vai likely settled there as part of the Mane invasions from the Mali Empire in the middle of the sixteenth century and, according to Vai oral tradition were led by the brothers F\u00e1bule and K\u012bat\u00e1mba in conquering the land down to the coast. In many aspects, the Vai are a unique African ethnicity. Many believe that the region inhabited by the Vai is the original home of the Poro, a male secret society known throughout West Africa. The Vai are also quite musical. They play many instruments and perform dances on special occasions. The Vai have three types of schooling. The first and most important is the bush school, where the children learn traditional Vai socialization skills, important survival skills, and other traits of village life for four to five years. Second is the English school; some Vai children attend English schools to learn the English language.", "Hoshino Gakki's relationship with guitarist Steve Vai resulted in the introduction of the Ibanez JEM and the Ibanez Universe models; after the earlier successes of the Roadstar and Iceman models in the late 1970s \u2013 early 1980s, Hoshino Gakki entered the superstrat market with the RG series, a lower-priced version of their JEM series. Hoshino Gakki also had semi-acoustic, nylon- and steel-stringed acoustic guitars manufactured under the Ibanez name. Most Ibanez guitars were made by the FujiGen guitar factory in Japan up until the mid- to late 1980s, and from then on Ibanez guitars have also been made in other Asian countries such as Korea, China, and Indonesia. During the early 1980s, the FujiGen guitar factory also produced most of the Roland guitar synthesizers, including the Stratocaster-style Roland G-505, the twin-humbucker Roland G-202 (endorsed by Adrian Belew, Eric Clapton, Dean Brown, Jeff Baxter, Yannis Spathas, Christoforos Krokidis, Steve Howe, Mike Rutherford, Andy Summers, Neal Schon and Steve Hackett) and the Ibanez X-ING IMG-2010. Cimar and Starfield were guitar and bass brands owned by Hoshino Gakki. In the 1970s, Hoshino Gakki and Kanda Shokai shared some guitar designs, and so some Ibanez and Greco guitars have the same features. The Greco versions were sold in Japan and the Ibanez versions were sold outside Japan. From 1982, Ibanez guitars have also been sold in Japan as well. Guitar brands such as Antoria and Mann shared some Ibanez guitar designs. The Antoria guitar brand was managed by JT Coppock Leeds Ltd England.", "Greg Smallman Greg Smallman (born 19 June 1947 in Cronulla, Australia) was the first internationally successful non-traditional Australian guitar-maker. He is known worldwide for his innovative guitar designs Although his guitars are in outward appearance similar to a traditional Spanish classical guitar, there are numerous innovative differences. Among them is the use of a high, arched and carved back for the guitar, which is considerably thicker and heavier than a conventional guitar. The back is made of Madagascar rosewood, while the top is always made of Western Redcedar. The lightweight of the top combined with Smallman's unique system of bracing makes the guitar very responsive to input with a full rounded sound (not thin). The top of Smallman guitars is braced using a \"lattice\" framework composed of balsa wood and carbon fibre. By contrast, traditional classical guitars use struts made of cedar or spruce arranged in a \"fan\" shape. The world-renowned classical guitarists John Williams and Milo\u0161 Karadagli\u0107 use Greg Smallman guitars. In 1999 the Greg Smallman label changed to Greg Smallman & Sons Damon & Kym. Based for many years in Glen Innes, New South Wales, in 2002 the Smallmans briefly relocated to the Mornington Peninsula outside Melbourne. The Greg Smallman and Sons workshop is now located near Esperance, Western Australia. They did not have a website till 2012. Greg Smallman is admired for the open way in which he shares his ideas. He does not hide them from fellow luthiers, nor has he patented them. A large number of luthiers worldwide have incorporated Smallman's design innovations into their own guitar designs."], "answer": {"text": "an output jack angled on the side of the body (so that when you step on the cable, it doesn't pull out of your guitar).", "answer_start": 910}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is JEM?", "answer": {"text": "Vai designed the Ibanez JEM guitar, a unique instrument that incorporated a series of groundbreaking designs", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was unique about it", "answer": {"text": "The guitar was designed with a sharper body shape, a large cutaway around the neck, twenty-four frets, a fully floating tremolo system,", "answer_start": 719, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was different about its sound", "answer": {"text": "new low-range sonic possibilities.", "answer_start": 1162, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was his connection with Universe Guitars", "answer": {"text": "Another design by Vai was the Ibanez Universe, the first production seven-string guitar, which was released in 1989.", "answer_start": 808, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he design any more guitars", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Since its original 1987 release, the JEM has become one of the longest-running and most successful signature series guitars in history,", "answer_start": 545, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How popular was it", "answer": {"text": "the Universe was a large stepping stone for the burgeoning Nu-metal genre (with bands such as Korn", "answer_start": 1284, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_908488ae064c4cddbd69395c58877b00_0_q#0", "question": "Besides Pinky and the Brain, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Pinky and the Brain, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The episode \"Brainwashed\" states that the gene splicing was done by Dr. Mordough, along with Snowball the hamster and Precious the cat, using the Acme \"Gene Splicer, Bagel Warmer, and Hot Dog Steamer.\" Although Pinky and the Brain plan to conquer the world, they do not show much animosity. In a Christmas special Pinky even wrote to Santa that Brain had the world's best interests at heart. Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them.", "He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\") even shows a typical night of attempted world domination from his point of view, showing his thought process and how he comes to the strange, seemingly nonsensical responses to the Brain's famous question, \"Are you pondering what I'm pondering?\" Pinky often points out flaws in the Brain's plans, which the Brain consistently ignores. The issues Pinky brings up can ironically lead to the downfall of the given night's plot. He is also arguably Brain's moral compass and only real friend. When Pinky sold his soul to get Brain the world in \"A Pinky and the Brain Halloween\", Brain saved him because he missed him and the world was not worth ruling without him. Pinky also has shown signs of intelligence despite his supposed childish stupidity. In \"Welcome to the Jungle\", Pinky was able to survive using his instincts and become a leader to Brain, who, despite his intelligence, could not survive in the wild on his own. And in \"The Pink Candidate\", when Pinky became President, he later began citing various constitutional amendments and legal problems that would bar Brain from his latest plot to take over the world. When Brain attempted to pressure him into helping, Pinky refused, claiming that the plan \"goes against everything I've come to stand for.\"", "Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them. He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\")", "Next inning, Jimmy Ripple's two-run home run put the Reds up 4\u20132. Back-to-back doubles by Walters and Billy Werber made it 5\u20132 Reds in the fourth. The Tigers got a run in the sixth on Hank Greenberg's RBI double after a walk and forceout in the sixth, but nothing else besides Pinky Higgins's leadoff double in the fifth as the Reds tied the series with a 5\u20133 win heading to Detroit. The Reds struck first in Game 3 when Billy Werber doubled to lead off the first off of Tommy Bridges and scored on Ival Goodman's single, but the Tigers tied it in the fourth on Hank Greenberg's double-play after back-to-back leadoff singles off of Jim Turner. Detroit went up 5\u20131 in the seventh on two-run home runs by Rudy York and Pinky Higgins. The Reds got a run in the eighth on Mike McCormick's RBI single with two on, but in the bottom half, Greenberg hit a leadoff triple off of Joe Beggs before Bruce Campbell's RBI single and Higgins's RBI double made it 7\u20132 Tigers. In the ninth after a leadoff single and error, RBI singles by Eddie Joost and Werber made it 7\u20134 Tigers, but Bridges struck out McCormick to end the game as Detroit took a 2\u20131 series lead. In Game 4, after a leadoff walk off of Dizzy Trout, Ival Goodman's RBI double and Pinky Higgins's error on Jimmy Ripple's ground ball made it 2\u20130 Reds in the first. They made it 3\u20130 in the third on Jimmy Ripple's RBI double after two leadoff singles.", "The elves discover the Noodle Noggin schematics in the possession of the mice, with Schotzie demanding to know if the mice are spies for the Easter Bunny, the Tooth Fairy, or Herschel, the Hanukkah Goblin. The Brain and Pinky then escape and disguise themselves as two reindeer to get a ride back to their home at Acme Labs. The two see Santa approaching his sleigh, but Brain restrains Pinky from giving Santa his Christmas list. While in flight, the two mice fall from the sleigh into the labs, unintentionally damaging Brain's hypnotic control equipment. As they rush to repair it, Pinky discovers his list was never delivered and breaks down into tears. As Pinky sobs uncontrollably, Brain angrily reads the letter and is surprised to see Pinky asked for nothing for himself, requesting that all of his gifts be delivered to the Brain instead. Brain is deeply moved, and when Pinky informs him the Noodle Noggins are working, Brain is too emotional to demand world domination. He orders everyone to have a Merry Christmas instead, and smashes the equipment in a fit of rage. On Christmas Day, Pinky and the Brain exchange gifts, an Earth-shaped keychain for the Brain and a spell checker for Pinky. The special was produced by Amblin Entertainment and Warner Bros. Television, based on a teleplay by Peter Hastings and directed by Rusty Mills. Filmmaker Steven Spielberg was credited as the special's executive producer, although author Frank Sanello expressed skepticism Spielberg personally worked on the special each day. In one scene in the workshop, Pinky reads they are invited to a party at the home of Donner the reindeer, which Brain dismisses with reference to the historical Donner Party."], "answer": {"text": "Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_908488ae064c4cddbd69395c58877b00_0_q#2", "question": "Tell me something about Pinky", "rewrite": "Tell me something about Pinky", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pinky Dinky Doo Pinky Dinky Doo is an American animated children's television series that aired on Noggin from April 5, 2005, until April 8, 2011. The series was created by Jim Jinkins. Pinky Dinky Doo is a girl who lives in Great Big City with her parents, her little brother, Tyler, and their house pet, Mr. Guinea Pig. When a problem arises, Pinky says, \"That gives me an idea\" and Tyler says, \"Pinky, are you going to make up a story?\" and Pinky will say, \"Yeserooni positooni!\", dancing to a cardboard box, her Storytelling Box, with Tyler and Mr. Guinea Pig. Using chalk and her imagination, she tells a story. In season 2, Pinky uses the Story Pad, a notebook in which Pinky draws pictures for her newer made-up stories, whenever the Story Box is not available. During the made-up story, Pinky must \"Think Big\", at which point her head swells and she comes up with an often wacky solution to the problem while singing \"If I have a problem, don't know which way to go , I think and think and think and think, and suddenly I know!\". In \"Big Blob of Talk\", instead of thinking big, Pinky listens big instead. In \"Back to School Is Cool\", Pinky's hair swells instead of her entire head due to her having a bad hair day. In \"Tyler Dinky Doo to the Rescue, Two Wheel Dreams, Go to Bed Tyler!\", and \"Tyler's Big Idea\" (series finale), Tyler thinks big instead of Pinky. In \"Shrinky Pinky\", Mr. Guinea Pig does the thinking.", "Pinky swear To pinky swear, or to make a pinky promise, is the locking of the pinkies of two people to signify that a promise has been made. In the United States, the pinky swear has existed since at least 1860, when \" Dictionary of Americanisms\" listed the following accompanying promise: Pinky swearing presumably started in Japan, where it is called and often additionally confirmed with the vow . The gesture may be connected to the Japanese belief that soulmates are connected by a red thread of fate attached to each of their pinkies. Recently in South Korea, the hooked pinky has been followed by a \u201cseal,\u201d wherein the thumbs touch each other while the pinkies are still hooked. In modern times, pinky swearing is a more informal way of sealing a promise. It is most common among school-age children and close friends. The pinky swear signifies a promise that can never be broken. Pinky promises can only be made if there is a clear understanding on both parties. If there is no clear understanding then the pinky promise may be voided. A new movement using #iPinkySwear started after Linda \"Pinky\" Brown was hit by a distracted driver while riding her motorcycle. On September 1st, 2015, Canadian distracted driving laws and fines were given harsher penalties. It was this day that \"Pinky\" was hit by an individual with 9 previous major driving infractions, her injuries being number 10. While in the hospital the campaign known as \"Don't Drive Distracted- I Pinky Swear\" was born.", "Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them. He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\")", "Millie's babble alienates most of her co-workers, neighbors, acquaintances, and would-be suitors; Pinky is the only person in Millie's orbit who enjoys her advice about dating, fashion, cuisine and interior decorating gleaned from women's magazines. Tensions begin to rise between Pinky and Millie over their living situation. One night, after Millie prepares a dinner party for friends who fail to show up, she gets into a fight with Pinky and leaves the apartment, only to return with a drunk Edgar. Pinky begs Millie to consider Edgar's pregnant wife, Willie, and not have sex with him. Millie, angry at what she perceives as Pinky's meddling and sabotaging her social life, yells at her and suggests she move out of the apartment. A distraught Pinky jumps off the apartment balcony into the swimming pool. Pinky survives the suicide attempt but falls into a coma. Millie, feeling responsible, visits her in the hospital daily. When Pinky still fails to wake up, Millie contacts Pinky's parents in Texas, hoping their presence at the hospital will help her regain consciousness. She wakes up, but does not recognize her parents and furiously demands that they leave. Once sent home to live with Millie again, Pinky begins to copy Millie's mannerisms and behavior\u2014drinking and smoking, sleeping with Edgar, shooting guns at Dodge City\u2014and demanding to be called \"Mildred\", both women's birth name. Millie becomes increasingly frustrated by Pinky's imitative shift in personality, and begins to exhibit Pinky's timid and submissive personality herself. One night after Pinky has a bad dream, she shares a bed with Millie platonically.", "Pinky (film) Pinky is a 1949 American race drama film starring Jeanne Crain, Ethel Barrymore and Ethel Waters about a light-skinned black woman passing for white, played by Crain. All three actresses were nominated for the Academy Award, Crain for Best Actress in a Leading Role, and Barrymore and Waters for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. The film was adapted from the Cid Ricketts Sumner novel \"Quality\" by Philip Dunne and Dudley Nichols and directed by Elia Kazan. \"Pinky\" was released by Twentieth Century Fox to both critical acclaim and controversy. Pinky Johnson (Jeanne Crain) returns to the South to visit Dicey (Ethel Waters), the illiterate black laundress grandmother who raised her. Pinky confesses to Dicey that she passed for white while studying to be a nurse in the North. She had also fallen in love with white Dr. Thomas Adams (William Lundigan), who knows nothing about her black heritage. Pinky is harassed by racist local law enforcement while attempting to reclaim money owed to her grandmother. Later two white men try to sexually assault her. Dr. Canady (Kenny Washington), a black physician, asks Pinky to train black students who want to become nurses, but Pinky tells him she plans to return North. Dicey asks her to stay temporarily to care for her ailing, elderly white friend and neighbor, Miss Em (Ethel Barrymore). Pinky has always disliked Miss Em and lumps her in with the other bigots in the area. Pinky relents and agrees to tend Miss Em after learning that she personally cared for Dicey when she had pneumonia. Pinky nurses the strong-willed Miss Em, but does not hide her resentment. As they spend time together, however, she grows to like and respect her patient. Miss Em bequeaths Pinky"], "answer": {"text": "Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse.", "answer_start": 155}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Pinky and the Brain, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was it created", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_908488ae064c4cddbd69395c58877b00_0_q#3", "question": "What is Brain", "rewrite": "What is Brain in Pinky and the Brain?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The elves discover the Noodle Noggin schematics in the possession of the mice, with Schotzie demanding to know if the mice are spies for the Easter Bunny, the Tooth Fairy, or Herschel, the Hanukkah Goblin. The Brain and Pinky then escape and disguise themselves as two reindeer to get a ride back to their home at Acme Labs. The two see Santa approaching his sleigh, but Brain restrains Pinky from giving Santa his Christmas list. While in flight, the two mice fall from the sleigh into the labs, unintentionally damaging Brain's hypnotic control equipment. As they rush to repair it, Pinky discovers his list was never delivered and breaks down into tears. As Pinky sobs uncontrollably, Brain angrily reads the letter and is surprised to see Pinky asked for nothing for himself, requesting that all of his gifts be delivered to the Brain instead. Brain is deeply moved, and when Pinky informs him the Noodle Noggins are working, Brain is too emotional to demand world domination. He orders everyone to have a Merry Christmas instead, and smashes the equipment in a fit of rage. On Christmas Day, Pinky and the Brain exchange gifts, an Earth-shaped keychain for the Brain and a spell checker for Pinky. The special was produced by Amblin Entertainment and Warner Bros. Television, based on a teleplay by Peter Hastings and directed by Rusty Mills. Filmmaker Steven Spielberg was credited as the special's executive producer, although author Frank Sanello expressed skepticism Spielberg personally worked on the special each day. In one scene in the workshop, Pinky reads they are invited to a party at the home of Donner the reindeer, which Brain dismisses with reference to the historical Donner Party.", "The episode \"Brainwashed\" states that the gene splicing was done by Dr. Mordough, along with Snowball the hamster and Precious the cat, using the Acme \"Gene Splicer, Bagel Warmer, and Hot Dog Steamer.\" Although Pinky and the Brain plan to conquer the world, they do not show much animosity. In a Christmas special Pinky even wrote to Santa that Brain had the world's best interests at heart. Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them.", "Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them. He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\")", "He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\") even shows a typical night of attempted world domination from his point of view, showing his thought process and how he comes to the strange, seemingly nonsensical responses to the Brain's famous question, \"Are you pondering what I'm pondering?\" Pinky often points out flaws in the Brain's plans, which the Brain consistently ignores. The issues Pinky brings up can ironically lead to the downfall of the given night's plot. He is also arguably Brain's moral compass and only real friend. When Pinky sold his soul to get Brain the world in \"A Pinky and the Brain Halloween\", Brain saved him because he missed him and the world was not worth ruling without him. Pinky also has shown signs of intelligence despite his supposed childish stupidity. In \"Welcome to the Jungle\", Pinky was able to survive using his instincts and become a leader to Brain, who, despite his intelligence, could not survive in the wild on his own. And in \"The Pink Candidate\", when Pinky became President, he later began citing various constitutional amendments and legal problems that would bar Brain from his latest plot to take over the world. When Brain attempted to pressure him into helping, Pinky refused, claiming that the plan \"goes against everything I've come to stand for.\"", "Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain is the retooling of the animated television series \"Pinky and the Brain\" (itself being a spin-off from \"Animaniacs\"), with the title characters being joined by Elmyra Duff from \"Tiny Toon Adventures\". The show was executive produced by Steven Spielberg and the series was produced by Amblin Television in association with Warner Bros. Animation, and aired from 1998 to 1999 on The WB Television Network, running for 13 episodes. It was Spielberg's last collaborative effort with Warner Bros. Animation until 2020's Animaniacs reboot. The series starts with Pinky and the Brain's home, Acme Labs, destroyed, and the two mice are now on the run from a man named Wally Faust. Pinky and the Brain finally end up in a pet store and take refuge inside a turtle, and Elmyra purchases the turtle, which she names Mr. Shellbutt, with the mice inside. In their new home, Pinky and the Brain continue to attempt new methods of trying to take over the world while at the same time enduring Elmyra's affection. Warner Bros. network executives had reportedly wanted Pinky and the Brain to be part of a sitcom \"more like \"The Simpsons\"\". In a press release, Warner Bros. stated that the new series was \"a fresh approach to popular favorites as Pinky & The Brain move from ACME Labs to America's suburbs when they are adopted by the extremely excitable Elmyra. \" The idea was reportedly met with resistance from the producers of the series. The apparent dissatisfaction with Warner Bros.' decision to change \"Pinky and the Brain\" showed up in episodes. The last script that producer Peter Hastings wrote before leaving Warner Bros. for Disney was the episode \""], "answer": {"text": "Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner,", "answer_start": 424}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Pinky and the Brain, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was it created", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Tell me something about Pinky", "answer": {"text": "Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse.", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_908488ae064c4cddbd69395c58877b00_0_q#4", "question": "What do they have in common", "rewrite": "What do Pinky and Brain have in common?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The elves discover the Noodle Noggin schematics in the possession of the mice, with Schotzie demanding to know if the mice are spies for the Easter Bunny, the Tooth Fairy, or Herschel, the Hanukkah Goblin. The Brain and Pinky then escape and disguise themselves as two reindeer to get a ride back to their home at Acme Labs. The two see Santa approaching his sleigh, but Brain restrains Pinky from giving Santa his Christmas list. While in flight, the two mice fall from the sleigh into the labs, unintentionally damaging Brain's hypnotic control equipment. As they rush to repair it, Pinky discovers his list was never delivered and breaks down into tears. As Pinky sobs uncontrollably, Brain angrily reads the letter and is surprised to see Pinky asked for nothing for himself, requesting that all of his gifts be delivered to the Brain instead. Brain is deeply moved, and when Pinky informs him the Noodle Noggins are working, Brain is too emotional to demand world domination. He orders everyone to have a Merry Christmas instead, and smashes the equipment in a fit of rage. On Christmas Day, Pinky and the Brain exchange gifts, an Earth-shaped keychain for the Brain and a spell checker for Pinky. The special was produced by Amblin Entertainment and Warner Bros. Television, based on a teleplay by Peter Hastings and directed by Rusty Mills. Filmmaker Steven Spielberg was credited as the special's executive producer, although author Frank Sanello expressed skepticism Spielberg personally worked on the special each day. In one scene in the workshop, Pinky reads they are invited to a party at the home of Donner the reindeer, which Brain dismisses with reference to the historical Donner Party.", "Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain is the retooling of the animated television series \"Pinky and the Brain\" (itself being a spin-off from \"Animaniacs\"), with the title characters being joined by Elmyra Duff from \"Tiny Toon Adventures\". The show was executive produced by Steven Spielberg and the series was produced by Amblin Television in association with Warner Bros. Animation, and aired from 1998 to 1999 on The WB Television Network, running for 13 episodes. It was Spielberg's last collaborative effort with Warner Bros. Animation until 2020's Animaniacs reboot. The series starts with Pinky and the Brain's home, Acme Labs, destroyed, and the two mice are now on the run from a man named Wally Faust. Pinky and the Brain finally end up in a pet store and take refuge inside a turtle, and Elmyra purchases the turtle, which she names Mr. Shellbutt, with the mice inside. In their new home, Pinky and the Brain continue to attempt new methods of trying to take over the world while at the same time enduring Elmyra's affection. Warner Bros. network executives had reportedly wanted Pinky and the Brain to be part of a sitcom \"more like \"The Simpsons\"\". In a press release, Warner Bros. stated that the new series was \"a fresh approach to popular favorites as Pinky & The Brain move from ACME Labs to America's suburbs when they are adopted by the extremely excitable Elmyra. \" The idea was reportedly met with resistance from the producers of the series. The apparent dissatisfaction with Warner Bros.' decision to change \"Pinky and the Brain\" showed up in episodes. The last script that producer Peter Hastings wrote before leaving Warner Bros. for Disney was the episode \"", "Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them. He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\")", "The episode \"Brainwashed\" states that the gene splicing was done by Dr. Mordough, along with Snowball the hamster and Precious the cat, using the Acme \"Gene Splicer, Bagel Warmer, and Hot Dog Steamer.\" Although Pinky and the Brain plan to conquer the world, they do not show much animosity. In a Christmas special Pinky even wrote to Santa that Brain had the world's best interests at heart. Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them.", "He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\") even shows a typical night of attempted world domination from his point of view, showing his thought process and how he comes to the strange, seemingly nonsensical responses to the Brain's famous question, \"Are you pondering what I'm pondering?\" Pinky often points out flaws in the Brain's plans, which the Brain consistently ignores. The issues Pinky brings up can ironically lead to the downfall of the given night's plot. He is also arguably Brain's moral compass and only real friend. When Pinky sold his soul to get Brain the world in \"A Pinky and the Brain Halloween\", Brain saved him because he missed him and the world was not worth ruling without him. Pinky also has shown signs of intelligence despite his supposed childish stupidity. In \"Welcome to the Jungle\", Pinky was able to survive using his instincts and become a leader to Brain, who, despite his intelligence, could not survive in the wild on his own. And in \"The Pink Candidate\", when Pinky became President, he later began citing various constitutional amendments and legal problems that would bar Brain from his latest plot to take over the world. When Brain attempted to pressure him into helping, Pinky refused, claiming that the plan \"goes against everything I've come to stand for.\""], "answer": {"text": "shares the same cage", "answer_start": 72}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Pinky and the Brain, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was it created", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Tell me something about Pinky", "answer": {"text": "Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse.", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is Brain", "answer": {"text": "Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner,", "answer_start": 424, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_908488ae064c4cddbd69395c58877b00_0_q#5", "question": "What do they like to do", "rewrite": "What do Pinky and Brain like to do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\") even shows a typical night of attempted world domination from his point of view, showing his thought process and how he comes to the strange, seemingly nonsensical responses to the Brain's famous question, \"Are you pondering what I'm pondering?\" Pinky often points out flaws in the Brain's plans, which the Brain consistently ignores. The issues Pinky brings up can ironically lead to the downfall of the given night's plot. He is also arguably Brain's moral compass and only real friend. When Pinky sold his soul to get Brain the world in \"A Pinky and the Brain Halloween\", Brain saved him because he missed him and the world was not worth ruling without him. Pinky also has shown signs of intelligence despite his supposed childish stupidity. In \"Welcome to the Jungle\", Pinky was able to survive using his instincts and become a leader to Brain, who, despite his intelligence, could not survive in the wild on his own. And in \"The Pink Candidate\", when Pinky became President, he later began citing various constitutional amendments and legal problems that would bar Brain from his latest plot to take over the world. When Brain attempted to pressure him into helping, Pinky refused, claiming that the plan \"goes against everything I've come to stand for.\"", "Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them. He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\")", "The episode \"Brainwashed\" states that the gene splicing was done by Dr. Mordough, along with Snowball the hamster and Precious the cat, using the Acme \"Gene Splicer, Bagel Warmer, and Hot Dog Steamer.\" Although Pinky and the Brain plan to conquer the world, they do not show much animosity. In a Christmas special Pinky even wrote to Santa that Brain had the world's best interests at heart. Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them.", "The elves discover the Noodle Noggin schematics in the possession of the mice, with Schotzie demanding to know if the mice are spies for the Easter Bunny, the Tooth Fairy, or Herschel, the Hanukkah Goblin. The Brain and Pinky then escape and disguise themselves as two reindeer to get a ride back to their home at Acme Labs. The two see Santa approaching his sleigh, but Brain restrains Pinky from giving Santa his Christmas list. While in flight, the two mice fall from the sleigh into the labs, unintentionally damaging Brain's hypnotic control equipment. As they rush to repair it, Pinky discovers his list was never delivered and breaks down into tears. As Pinky sobs uncontrollably, Brain angrily reads the letter and is surprised to see Pinky asked for nothing for himself, requesting that all of his gifts be delivered to the Brain instead. Brain is deeply moved, and when Pinky informs him the Noodle Noggins are working, Brain is too emotional to demand world domination. He orders everyone to have a Merry Christmas instead, and smashes the equipment in a fit of rage. On Christmas Day, Pinky and the Brain exchange gifts, an Earth-shaped keychain for the Brain and a spell checker for Pinky. The special was produced by Amblin Entertainment and Warner Bros. Television, based on a teleplay by Peter Hastings and directed by Rusty Mills. Filmmaker Steven Spielberg was credited as the special's executive producer, although author Frank Sanello expressed skepticism Spielberg personally worked on the special each day. In one scene in the workshop, Pinky reads they are invited to a party at the home of Donner the reindeer, which Brain dismisses with reference to the historical Donner Party.", "Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain is the retooling of the animated television series \"Pinky and the Brain\" (itself being a spin-off from \"Animaniacs\"), with the title characters being joined by Elmyra Duff from \"Tiny Toon Adventures\". The show was executive produced by Steven Spielberg and the series was produced by Amblin Television in association with Warner Bros. Animation, and aired from 1998 to 1999 on The WB Television Network, running for 13 episodes. It was Spielberg's last collaborative effort with Warner Bros. Animation until 2020's Animaniacs reboot. The series starts with Pinky and the Brain's home, Acme Labs, destroyed, and the two mice are now on the run from a man named Wally Faust. Pinky and the Brain finally end up in a pet store and take refuge inside a turtle, and Elmyra purchases the turtle, which she names Mr. Shellbutt, with the mice inside. In their new home, Pinky and the Brain continue to attempt new methods of trying to take over the world while at the same time enduring Elmyra's affection. Warner Bros. network executives had reportedly wanted Pinky and the Brain to be part of a sitcom \"more like \"The Simpsons\"\". In a press release, Warner Bros. stated that the new series was \"a fresh approach to popular favorites as Pinky & The Brain move from ACME Labs to America's suburbs when they are adopted by the extremely excitable Elmyra. \" The idea was reportedly met with resistance from the producers of the series. The apparent dissatisfaction with Warner Bros.' decision to change \"Pinky and the Brain\" showed up in episodes. The last script that producer Peter Hastings wrote before leaving Warner Bros. for Disney was the episode \""], "answer": {"text": "He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him.", "answer_start": 1145}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Pinky and the Brain, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was it created", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Tell me something about Pinky", "answer": {"text": "Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse.", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is Brain", "answer": {"text": "Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner,", "answer_start": 424, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do they have in common", "answer": {"text": "shares the same cage", "answer_start": 72, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_908488ae064c4cddbd69395c58877b00_0_q#6", "question": "How do he abuse him", "rewrite": "How do Brain abuse Pinky?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The episode \"Brainwashed\" states that the gene splicing was done by Dr. Mordough, along with Snowball the hamster and Precious the cat, using the Acme \"Gene Splicer, Bagel Warmer, and Hot Dog Steamer.\" Although Pinky and the Brain plan to conquer the world, they do not show much animosity. In a Christmas special Pinky even wrote to Santa that Brain had the world's best interests at heart. Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them.", "For contrast, the DEFLATE algorithm would show the absence of symbols by encoding the symbols as having a zero bit length with run-length encoding and additional Huffman coding. No formal specification for bzip2 exists, although an informal specification has been reverse engineered from the reference implementation. As an overview, a codice_9 stream consists of a 4-byte header, followed by zero or more compressed blocks, immediately followed by an end-of-stream marker containing a 32-bit CRC for the plaintext whole stream processed. The compressed blocks are bit-aligned and no padding occurs. Because of the first-stage RLE compression (see above), the maximum length of plaintext that a single 900 kB bzip2 block can contain is around 46 MB (45,899,236 bytes). This can occur if the whole plaintext consists entirely of repeated values (the resulting codice_9 file in this case is 46 bytes long). An even smaller file of 40 bytes can be achieved by using an input containing entirely values of 251, an apparent compression ratio of 1147480.9:1. The compressed blocks in bzip2 can be independently decompressed, without having to process earlier blocks. This means that bzip2 files can be decompressed in parallel, making it a good format for use in big data applications with cluster computing frameworks like Hadoop and Apache Spark. In addition to Julian Seward's original reference implementation, the following programs support bzip2 format.", "He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\") even shows a typical night of attempted world domination from his point of view, showing his thought process and how he comes to the strange, seemingly nonsensical responses to the Brain's famous question, \"Are you pondering what I'm pondering?\" Pinky often points out flaws in the Brain's plans, which the Brain consistently ignores. The issues Pinky brings up can ironically lead to the downfall of the given night's plot. He is also arguably Brain's moral compass and only real friend. When Pinky sold his soul to get Brain the world in \"A Pinky and the Brain Halloween\", Brain saved him because he missed him and the world was not worth ruling without him. Pinky also has shown signs of intelligence despite his supposed childish stupidity. In \"Welcome to the Jungle\", Pinky was able to survive using his instincts and become a leader to Brain, who, despite his intelligence, could not survive in the wild on his own. And in \"The Pink Candidate\", when Pinky became President, he later began citing various constitutional amendments and legal problems that would bar Brain from his latest plot to take over the world. When Brain attempted to pressure him into helping, Pinky refused, claiming that the plan \"goes against everything I've come to stand for.\"", "Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them. He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\")", "The elves discover the Noodle Noggin schematics in the possession of the mice, with Schotzie demanding to know if the mice are spies for the Easter Bunny, the Tooth Fairy, or Herschel, the Hanukkah Goblin. The Brain and Pinky then escape and disguise themselves as two reindeer to get a ride back to their home at Acme Labs. The two see Santa approaching his sleigh, but Brain restrains Pinky from giving Santa his Christmas list. While in flight, the two mice fall from the sleigh into the labs, unintentionally damaging Brain's hypnotic control equipment. As they rush to repair it, Pinky discovers his list was never delivered and breaks down into tears. As Pinky sobs uncontrollably, Brain angrily reads the letter and is surprised to see Pinky asked for nothing for himself, requesting that all of his gifts be delivered to the Brain instead. Brain is deeply moved, and when Pinky informs him the Noodle Noggins are working, Brain is too emotional to demand world domination. He orders everyone to have a Merry Christmas instead, and smashes the equipment in a fit of rage. On Christmas Day, Pinky and the Brain exchange gifts, an Earth-shaped keychain for the Brain and a spell checker for Pinky. The special was produced by Amblin Entertainment and Warner Bros. Television, based on a teleplay by Peter Hastings and directed by Rusty Mills. Filmmaker Steven Spielberg was credited as the special's executive producer, although author Frank Sanello expressed skepticism Spielberg personally worked on the special each day. In one scene in the workshop, Pinky reads they are invited to a party at the home of Donner the reindeer, which Brain dismisses with reference to the historical Donner Party."], "answer": {"text": "He is also arguably Brain's moral compass and only real friend.", "answer_start": 425}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Pinky and the Brain, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was it created", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Tell me something about Pinky", "answer": {"text": "Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse.", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is Brain", "answer": {"text": "Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner,", "answer_start": 424, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do they have in common", "answer": {"text": "shares the same cage", "answer_start": 72, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do they like to do", "answer": {"text": "He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him.", "answer_start": 1145, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_908488ae064c4cddbd69395c58877b00_0_q#7", "question": "What else is great in this topic", "rewrite": "In addition to the relationship between Pinky and Brain, what else is great in Pinky and the Brain", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain is the retooling of the animated television series \"Pinky and the Brain\" (itself being a spin-off from \"Animaniacs\"), with the title characters being joined by Elmyra Duff from \"Tiny Toon Adventures\". The show was executive produced by Steven Spielberg and the series was produced by Amblin Television in association with Warner Bros. Animation, and aired from 1998 to 1999 on The WB Television Network, running for 13 episodes. It was Spielberg's last collaborative effort with Warner Bros. Animation until 2020's Animaniacs reboot. The series starts with Pinky and the Brain's home, Acme Labs, destroyed, and the two mice are now on the run from a man named Wally Faust. Pinky and the Brain finally end up in a pet store and take refuge inside a turtle, and Elmyra purchases the turtle, which she names Mr. Shellbutt, with the mice inside. In their new home, Pinky and the Brain continue to attempt new methods of trying to take over the world while at the same time enduring Elmyra's affection. Warner Bros. network executives had reportedly wanted Pinky and the Brain to be part of a sitcom \"more like \"The Simpsons\"\". In a press release, Warner Bros. stated that the new series was \"a fresh approach to popular favorites as Pinky & The Brain move from ACME Labs to America's suburbs when they are adopted by the extremely excitable Elmyra. \" The idea was reportedly met with resistance from the producers of the series. The apparent dissatisfaction with Warner Bros.' decision to change \"Pinky and the Brain\" showed up in episodes. The last script that producer Peter Hastings wrote before leaving Warner Bros. for Disney was the episode \"", "Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them. He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\")", "He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\") even shows a typical night of attempted world domination from his point of view, showing his thought process and how he comes to the strange, seemingly nonsensical responses to the Brain's famous question, \"Are you pondering what I'm pondering?\" Pinky often points out flaws in the Brain's plans, which the Brain consistently ignores. The issues Pinky brings up can ironically lead to the downfall of the given night's plot. He is also arguably Brain's moral compass and only real friend. When Pinky sold his soul to get Brain the world in \"A Pinky and the Brain Halloween\", Brain saved him because he missed him and the world was not worth ruling without him. Pinky also has shown signs of intelligence despite his supposed childish stupidity. In \"Welcome to the Jungle\", Pinky was able to survive using his instincts and become a leader to Brain, who, despite his intelligence, could not survive in the wild on his own. And in \"The Pink Candidate\", when Pinky became President, he later began citing various constitutional amendments and legal problems that would bar Brain from his latest plot to take over the world. When Brain attempted to pressure him into helping, Pinky refused, claiming that the plan \"goes against everything I've come to stand for.\"", "The episode \"Brainwashed\" states that the gene splicing was done by Dr. Mordough, along with Snowball the hamster and Precious the cat, using the Acme \"Gene Splicer, Bagel Warmer, and Hot Dog Steamer.\" Although Pinky and the Brain plan to conquer the world, they do not show much animosity. In a Christmas special Pinky even wrote to Santa that Brain had the world's best interests at heart. Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them.", "The elves discover the Noodle Noggin schematics in the possession of the mice, with Schotzie demanding to know if the mice are spies for the Easter Bunny, the Tooth Fairy, or Herschel, the Hanukkah Goblin. The Brain and Pinky then escape and disguise themselves as two reindeer to get a ride back to their home at Acme Labs. The two see Santa approaching his sleigh, but Brain restrains Pinky from giving Santa his Christmas list. While in flight, the two mice fall from the sleigh into the labs, unintentionally damaging Brain's hypnotic control equipment. As they rush to repair it, Pinky discovers his list was never delivered and breaks down into tears. As Pinky sobs uncontrollably, Brain angrily reads the letter and is surprised to see Pinky asked for nothing for himself, requesting that all of his gifts be delivered to the Brain instead. Brain is deeply moved, and when Pinky informs him the Noodle Noggins are working, Brain is too emotional to demand world domination. He orders everyone to have a Merry Christmas instead, and smashes the equipment in a fit of rage. On Christmas Day, Pinky and the Brain exchange gifts, an Earth-shaped keychain for the Brain and a spell checker for Pinky. The special was produced by Amblin Entertainment and Warner Bros. Television, based on a teleplay by Peter Hastings and directed by Rusty Mills. Filmmaker Steven Spielberg was credited as the special's executive producer, although author Frank Sanello expressed skepticism Spielberg personally worked on the special each day. In one scene in the workshop, Pinky reads they are invited to a party at the home of Donner the reindeer, which Brain dismisses with reference to the historical Donner Party."], "answer": {"text": "In \"Welcome to the Jungle\", Pinky was able to survive using his instincts and become a leader", "answer_start": 745}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Pinky and the Brain, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was it created", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Tell me something about Pinky", "answer": {"text": "Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse.", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is Brain", "answer": {"text": "Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner,", "answer_start": 424, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do they have in common", "answer": {"text": "shares the same cage", "answer_start": 72, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do they like to do", "answer": {"text": "He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him.", "answer_start": 1145, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How do he abuse him", "answer": {"text": "He is also arguably Brain's moral compass and only real friend.", "answer_start": 425, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_908488ae064c4cddbd69395c58877b00_1_q#0", "question": "What is Pinky and the Brain about?", "rewrite": "What is Pinky and the Brain about?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The episode \"Brainwashed\" states that the gene splicing was done by Dr. Mordough, along with Snowball the hamster and Precious the cat, using the Acme \"Gene Splicer, Bagel Warmer, and Hot Dog Steamer.\" Although Pinky and the Brain plan to conquer the world, they do not show much animosity. In a Christmas special Pinky even wrote to Santa that Brain had the world's best interests at heart. Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them.", "Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them. He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\")", "He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\") even shows a typical night of attempted world domination from his point of view, showing his thought process and how he comes to the strange, seemingly nonsensical responses to the Brain's famous question, \"Are you pondering what I'm pondering?\" Pinky often points out flaws in the Brain's plans, which the Brain consistently ignores. The issues Pinky brings up can ironically lead to the downfall of the given night's plot. He is also arguably Brain's moral compass and only real friend. When Pinky sold his soul to get Brain the world in \"A Pinky and the Brain Halloween\", Brain saved him because he missed him and the world was not worth ruling without him. Pinky also has shown signs of intelligence despite his supposed childish stupidity. In \"Welcome to the Jungle\", Pinky was able to survive using his instincts and become a leader to Brain, who, despite his intelligence, could not survive in the wild on his own. And in \"The Pink Candidate\", when Pinky became President, he later began citing various constitutional amendments and legal problems that would bar Brain from his latest plot to take over the world. When Brain attempted to pressure him into helping, Pinky refused, claiming that the plan \"goes against everything I've come to stand for.\"", "Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain is the retooling of the animated television series \"Pinky and the Brain\" (itself being a spin-off from \"Animaniacs\"), with the title characters being joined by Elmyra Duff from \"Tiny Toon Adventures\". The show was executive produced by Steven Spielberg and the series was produced by Amblin Television in association with Warner Bros. Animation, and aired from 1998 to 1999 on The WB Television Network, running for 13 episodes. It was Spielberg's last collaborative effort with Warner Bros. Animation until 2020's Animaniacs reboot. The series starts with Pinky and the Brain's home, Acme Labs, destroyed, and the two mice are now on the run from a man named Wally Faust. Pinky and the Brain finally end up in a pet store and take refuge inside a turtle, and Elmyra purchases the turtle, which she names Mr. Shellbutt, with the mice inside. In their new home, Pinky and the Brain continue to attempt new methods of trying to take over the world while at the same time enduring Elmyra's affection. Warner Bros. network executives had reportedly wanted Pinky and the Brain to be part of a sitcom \"more like \"The Simpsons\"\". In a press release, Warner Bros. stated that the new series was \"a fresh approach to popular favorites as Pinky & The Brain move from ACME Labs to America's suburbs when they are adopted by the extremely excitable Elmyra. \" The idea was reportedly met with resistance from the producers of the series. The apparent dissatisfaction with Warner Bros.' decision to change \"Pinky and the Brain\" showed up in episodes. The last script that producer Peter Hastings wrote before leaving Warner Bros. for Disney was the episode \"", "The elves discover the Noodle Noggin schematics in the possession of the mice, with Schotzie demanding to know if the mice are spies for the Easter Bunny, the Tooth Fairy, or Herschel, the Hanukkah Goblin. The Brain and Pinky then escape and disguise themselves as two reindeer to get a ride back to their home at Acme Labs. The two see Santa approaching his sleigh, but Brain restrains Pinky from giving Santa his Christmas list. While in flight, the two mice fall from the sleigh into the labs, unintentionally damaging Brain's hypnotic control equipment. As they rush to repair it, Pinky discovers his list was never delivered and breaks down into tears. As Pinky sobs uncontrollably, Brain angrily reads the letter and is surprised to see Pinky asked for nothing for himself, requesting that all of his gifts be delivered to the Brain instead. Brain is deeply moved, and when Pinky informs him the Noodle Noggins are working, Brain is too emotional to demand world domination. He orders everyone to have a Merry Christmas instead, and smashes the equipment in a fit of rage. On Christmas Day, Pinky and the Brain exchange gifts, an Earth-shaped keychain for the Brain and a spell checker for Pinky. The special was produced by Amblin Entertainment and Warner Bros. Television, based on a teleplay by Peter Hastings and directed by Rusty Mills. Filmmaker Steven Spielberg was credited as the special's executive producer, although author Frank Sanello expressed skepticism Spielberg personally worked on the special each day. In one scene in the workshop, Pinky reads they are invited to a party at the home of Donner the reindeer, which Brain dismisses with reference to the historical Donner Party."], "answer": {"text": "of every episode involves one of Brain's plans for world domination with Pinky's assistance and the ultimate failure of that plan,", "answer_start": 641}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_908488ae064c4cddbd69395c58877b00_1_q#1", "question": "Where does the show take place?", "rewrite": "Where does Pinky and the Brain take place?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain is the retooling of the animated television series \"Pinky and the Brain\" (itself being a spin-off from \"Animaniacs\"), with the title characters being joined by Elmyra Duff from \"Tiny Toon Adventures\". The show was executive produced by Steven Spielberg and the series was produced by Amblin Television in association with Warner Bros. Animation, and aired from 1998 to 1999 on The WB Television Network, running for 13 episodes. It was Spielberg's last collaborative effort with Warner Bros. Animation until 2020's Animaniacs reboot. The series starts with Pinky and the Brain's home, Acme Labs, destroyed, and the two mice are now on the run from a man named Wally Faust. Pinky and the Brain finally end up in a pet store and take refuge inside a turtle, and Elmyra purchases the turtle, which she names Mr. Shellbutt, with the mice inside. In their new home, Pinky and the Brain continue to attempt new methods of trying to take over the world while at the same time enduring Elmyra's affection. Warner Bros. network executives had reportedly wanted Pinky and the Brain to be part of a sitcom \"more like \"The Simpsons\"\". In a press release, Warner Bros. stated that the new series was \"a fresh approach to popular favorites as Pinky & The Brain move from ACME Labs to America's suburbs when they are adopted by the extremely excitable Elmyra. \" The idea was reportedly met with resistance from the producers of the series. The apparent dissatisfaction with Warner Bros.' decision to change \"Pinky and the Brain\" showed up in episodes. The last script that producer Peter Hastings wrote before leaving Warner Bros. for Disney was the episode \"", "The episode \"Brainwashed\" states that the gene splicing was done by Dr. Mordough, along with Snowball the hamster and Precious the cat, using the Acme \"Gene Splicer, Bagel Warmer, and Hot Dog Steamer.\" Although Pinky and the Brain plan to conquer the world, they do not show much animosity. In a Christmas special Pinky even wrote to Santa that Brain had the world's best interests at heart. Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them.", "He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\") even shows a typical night of attempted world domination from his point of view, showing his thought process and how he comes to the strange, seemingly nonsensical responses to the Brain's famous question, \"Are you pondering what I'm pondering?\" Pinky often points out flaws in the Brain's plans, which the Brain consistently ignores. The issues Pinky brings up can ironically lead to the downfall of the given night's plot. He is also arguably Brain's moral compass and only real friend. When Pinky sold his soul to get Brain the world in \"A Pinky and the Brain Halloween\", Brain saved him because he missed him and the world was not worth ruling without him. Pinky also has shown signs of intelligence despite his supposed childish stupidity. In \"Welcome to the Jungle\", Pinky was able to survive using his instincts and become a leader to Brain, who, despite his intelligence, could not survive in the wild on his own. And in \"The Pink Candidate\", when Pinky became President, he later began citing various constitutional amendments and legal problems that would bar Brain from his latest plot to take over the world. When Brain attempted to pressure him into helping, Pinky refused, claiming that the plan \"goes against everything I've come to stand for.\"", "The elves discover the Noodle Noggin schematics in the possession of the mice, with Schotzie demanding to know if the mice are spies for the Easter Bunny, the Tooth Fairy, or Herschel, the Hanukkah Goblin. The Brain and Pinky then escape and disguise themselves as two reindeer to get a ride back to their home at Acme Labs. The two see Santa approaching his sleigh, but Brain restrains Pinky from giving Santa his Christmas list. While in flight, the two mice fall from the sleigh into the labs, unintentionally damaging Brain's hypnotic control equipment. As they rush to repair it, Pinky discovers his list was never delivered and breaks down into tears. As Pinky sobs uncontrollably, Brain angrily reads the letter and is surprised to see Pinky asked for nothing for himself, requesting that all of his gifts be delivered to the Brain instead. Brain is deeply moved, and when Pinky informs him the Noodle Noggins are working, Brain is too emotional to demand world domination. He orders everyone to have a Merry Christmas instead, and smashes the equipment in a fit of rage. On Christmas Day, Pinky and the Brain exchange gifts, an Earth-shaped keychain for the Brain and a spell checker for Pinky. The special was produced by Amblin Entertainment and Warner Bros. Television, based on a teleplay by Peter Hastings and directed by Rusty Mills. Filmmaker Steven Spielberg was credited as the special's executive producer, although author Frank Sanello expressed skepticism Spielberg personally worked on the special each day. In one scene in the workshop, Pinky reads they are invited to a party at the home of Donner the reindeer, which Brain dismisses with reference to the historical Donner Party.", "Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them. He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\")"], "answer": {"text": "in historical times,", "answer_start": 170}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Pinky and the Brain about?", "answer": {"text": "of every episode involves one of Brain's plans for world domination with Pinky's assistance and the ultimate failure of that plan,", "answer_start": 641, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_908488ae064c4cddbd69395c58877b00_1_q#2", "question": "Who is the show about?", "rewrite": "Who is Pinky and the Brain about?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\") even shows a typical night of attempted world domination from his point of view, showing his thought process and how he comes to the strange, seemingly nonsensical responses to the Brain's famous question, \"Are you pondering what I'm pondering?\" Pinky often points out flaws in the Brain's plans, which the Brain consistently ignores. The issues Pinky brings up can ironically lead to the downfall of the given night's plot. He is also arguably Brain's moral compass and only real friend. When Pinky sold his soul to get Brain the world in \"A Pinky and the Brain Halloween\", Brain saved him because he missed him and the world was not worth ruling without him. Pinky also has shown signs of intelligence despite his supposed childish stupidity. In \"Welcome to the Jungle\", Pinky was able to survive using his instincts and become a leader to Brain, who, despite his intelligence, could not survive in the wild on his own. And in \"The Pink Candidate\", when Pinky became President, he later began citing various constitutional amendments and legal problems that would bar Brain from his latest plot to take over the world. When Brain attempted to pressure him into helping, Pinky refused, claiming that the plan \"goes against everything I've come to stand for.\"", "Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them. He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\")", "The elves discover the Noodle Noggin schematics in the possession of the mice, with Schotzie demanding to know if the mice are spies for the Easter Bunny, the Tooth Fairy, or Herschel, the Hanukkah Goblin. The Brain and Pinky then escape and disguise themselves as two reindeer to get a ride back to their home at Acme Labs. The two see Santa approaching his sleigh, but Brain restrains Pinky from giving Santa his Christmas list. While in flight, the two mice fall from the sleigh into the labs, unintentionally damaging Brain's hypnotic control equipment. As they rush to repair it, Pinky discovers his list was never delivered and breaks down into tears. As Pinky sobs uncontrollably, Brain angrily reads the letter and is surprised to see Pinky asked for nothing for himself, requesting that all of his gifts be delivered to the Brain instead. Brain is deeply moved, and when Pinky informs him the Noodle Noggins are working, Brain is too emotional to demand world domination. He orders everyone to have a Merry Christmas instead, and smashes the equipment in a fit of rage. On Christmas Day, Pinky and the Brain exchange gifts, an Earth-shaped keychain for the Brain and a spell checker for Pinky. The special was produced by Amblin Entertainment and Warner Bros. Television, based on a teleplay by Peter Hastings and directed by Rusty Mills. Filmmaker Steven Spielberg was credited as the special's executive producer, although author Frank Sanello expressed skepticism Spielberg personally worked on the special each day. In one scene in the workshop, Pinky reads they are invited to a party at the home of Donner the reindeer, which Brain dismisses with reference to the historical Donner Party.", "Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain is the retooling of the animated television series \"Pinky and the Brain\" (itself being a spin-off from \"Animaniacs\"), with the title characters being joined by Elmyra Duff from \"Tiny Toon Adventures\". The show was executive produced by Steven Spielberg and the series was produced by Amblin Television in association with Warner Bros. Animation, and aired from 1998 to 1999 on The WB Television Network, running for 13 episodes. It was Spielberg's last collaborative effort with Warner Bros. Animation until 2020's Animaniacs reboot. The series starts with Pinky and the Brain's home, Acme Labs, destroyed, and the two mice are now on the run from a man named Wally Faust. Pinky and the Brain finally end up in a pet store and take refuge inside a turtle, and Elmyra purchases the turtle, which she names Mr. Shellbutt, with the mice inside. In their new home, Pinky and the Brain continue to attempt new methods of trying to take over the world while at the same time enduring Elmyra's affection. Warner Bros. network executives had reportedly wanted Pinky and the Brain to be part of a sitcom \"more like \"The Simpsons\"\". In a press release, Warner Bros. stated that the new series was \"a fresh approach to popular favorites as Pinky & The Brain move from ACME Labs to America's suburbs when they are adopted by the extremely excitable Elmyra. \" The idea was reportedly met with resistance from the producers of the series. The apparent dissatisfaction with Warner Bros.' decision to change \"Pinky and the Brain\" showed up in episodes. The last script that producer Peter Hastings wrote before leaving Warner Bros. for Disney was the episode \"", "The episode \"Brainwashed\" states that the gene splicing was done by Dr. Mordough, along with Snowball the hamster and Precious the cat, using the Acme \"Gene Splicer, Bagel Warmer, and Hot Dog Steamer.\" Although Pinky and the Brain plan to conquer the world, they do not show much animosity. In a Christmas special Pinky even wrote to Santa that Brain had the world's best interests at heart. Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them."], "answer": {"text": "one of Brain's plans for world domination with", "answer_start": 667}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Pinky and the Brain about?", "answer": {"text": "of every episode involves one of Brain's plans for world domination with Pinky's assistance and the ultimate failure of that plan,", "answer_start": 641, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where does the show take place?", "answer": {"text": "in historical times,", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_908488ae064c4cddbd69395c58877b00_1_q#3", "question": "How does he try to take over the world?", "rewrite": "How does Brain try to take over the world?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Fenimorea tartaneata Fenimorea tartaneata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Drilliidae. The length of this marine shell varies between 20 mm and 30 mm. This marine species occurs in the Caribbean Sea off Honduras.", "Born in Iasi, he belonged to the Kogalniceanu family of Moldavian boyars, being the son of Vornic Ilie Kogalniceanu, and the great-grandson of Constantin Kogalniceanu (noted for having signed his name to a 1749 document issued by Prince Constantine Mavrocordatos, through which serfdom was disestablished in Moldavia). Mihail's mother, Catinca nee Stavilla (or Stavilla), was, according to Kogalniceanu's own words, \"[from] a Romanian family in Bessarabia\". The author took pride in noting that \"my family has never searched its origins in foreign countries or peoples\". Nevertheless, in a speech he gave shortly before his death, Kogalniceanu commented that Catinca Stavilla had been the descendant of \"a Genoese family, settled for centuries in the Genoese colony of Cetatea Alba (Akerman), whence it then scattered throughout Bessarabia\". During Milhail Kogalniceanu's lifetime, there was confusion regarding his exact birth year, with several sources erroneously indicating it as 1806; in his speech to the Romanian Academy, he acknowledged this, and gave his exact birth date as present in a register kept by his father. It was also then that he mentioned his godmother was Marghioala Calimach, a Callimachi boyaress who married into the Sturdza family, and was the mother of Mihail Sturdza (Kogalniceanu's would-be protector and foe).", "On 12 January 2016, despite being their top scorer with four goals as they fought a second successive relegation, Aitor's contract with Barcelona B was rescinded as part of a mid-season revolution; hours later he joined Villarreal CF, being again put into their B-team. He made his La Liga debut on 28 August, replacing Nicola Sansone for the final three minutes of a goalless draw at Sevilla FC. On 7 August 2017, Aitor signed for another reserve team, Sevilla Atl\u00e9tico in Segunda Divisi\u00f3n. He played exactly half of games as they finished the season in last place, only scoring in the 2\u20131 loss at Lorca FC on the final day. Aitor moved abroad for the first time on 31 July 2018, signing a two-year deal for FC Twente of the Dutch Eerste Divisie. He scored 13 times in his first season in the Netherlands, as the team won promotion to the Eredivisie as champions with three games to spare, adding three more in the KNVB Cup.", "These ideas included: \"The Saga of Fraggle Rock\" (a \"Fraggle Rock\" origin story), \"Inside John\" (a variation on Henson's Limbo concept in which the various parts of a seventeen-year-old boy's brain try to wrest control of him throughout a typical day) and \"ASTRO G.N.E.W.T.S.\" (a special that would have blended puppets with animation, computer graphics, and video effects). Other stories were proposed by Jim Henson involving enchanted bowling balls, extraterrestrial mailmen, outer-space adventures, and even a detective story with Kermit and the Muppet gang. Jim Henson also considered adapting Madeleine L'Engle's \"A Wrinkle in Time\" and the works of A. A. Milne. Also proposed was \"an hour-long musical special featuring The Electric Mayhem in Mexico\". Following the sale of The Muppets and \"Bear in the Big Blue House\" to The Walt Disney Company in 2004, the rights to various portions of the show have been split between Disney and The Jim Henson Company. The Walt Disney Company owns all of the MuppeTelevision segments (including the 15-minute episode shown with \"Dog City\"), \"Miss Piggy's Hollywood\", and \"The Secrets of the Muppets\", while The Jim Henson Company retains ownership of the rest of the series.", "The intersection was once known as Hunter's Corners. The Delta is adjacent to a Canadian Pacific Rail spur and the Babcock & Wilcox plant, and at peak rush hour times traffic would back up for miles radiating outwards from the Delta. A number of strategies were investigated to alleviate delays caused by trains and as of December 2012 construction of a bridge over Hespeler Road commenced, and was completed 18 months later. While this eliminated delays caused by trains, the Delta remains a very busy intersection. Multiphase traffic signals with restrictions on right turns on red constrain vehicular throughput compared to typical signalized intersections. Highway 8 (Ontario) travels through the city as Shantz Hill Road, King Street in Preston, Coronation Boulevard, and Dundas Street, linking Cambridge to Kitchener and Waterloo in the west, and Hamilton in the east. Highway 24 runs through Cambridge as Hespeler Road, Water Street, and Ainslie Street, connecting to Guelph in the northeast and Brantford in the south. Cambridge has some of the most historic bridges in Waterloo Region. The Black Bridge Road Bridge (1916) is Cambridge's only truss bridge and has been designated a heritage site since 1997. It is still driven upon, though it is prone to major flooding and subsequent closure in the spring. The Main Street Bridge (1931) is a bowstring arch bridge made of concrete and is set over the Grand River. Also in Cambridge is the Park Hill Road Bridge (2002), formally known as the Queen Street Bridge (1933). This bridge was one of the three bridges credited with contributing to the development of early Galt. The bridge was reconstructed and widened to four lanes in 2002 retaining much of the original appearance. The Mill Creek Bridge (1837) in Cambridge is the oldest remaining bridge structure in the region and one of only two stone masonry arch bridges in the Region of Waterloo."], "answer": {"text": "world: in the end, a group of people vote that he should take over the world on the one day he does not want to.", "answer_start": 983}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Pinky and the Brain about?", "answer": {"text": "of every episode involves one of Brain's plans for world domination with Pinky's assistance and the ultimate failure of that plan,", "answer_start": 641, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where does the show take place?", "answer": {"text": "in historical times,", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is the show about?", "answer": {"text": "one of Brain's plans for world domination with", "answer_start": 667, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_908488ae064c4cddbd69395c58877b00_1_q#4", "question": "Where do they live?", "rewrite": "Where do Pinky and the Brain live?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them. He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\")", "Snowball the hamster (voiced by Roddy McDowall) is Brain's former friend who was also made intelligent by gene splicing and has a similar desire for world conquest (though far more malevolent than Brain's) which Pinky and the Brain are sometimes forced to stop. Billie (voiced by Tress MacNeille) is a female mouse and another result of gene splicing. She is smarter than Brain and also has the goal of world domination. Though Brain loves her, she fancies Pinky. In the episode \"You'll Never Eat Food Pellets In This Town Again\", it is revealed that Brain is married to Billie (who in real life is Sheila, and hates playing Billie), who pretty much only agreed because he's famous, and eventually kicks him out and makes Brain live in his restaurant. It is later revealed that the events were just a dream. Pharfignewton (voiced by Frank Welker) is a racing mare, with whom Pinky falls in love. Larry (voiced by Billy West) is a white mouse who was created as a response to demands from Kids WB executives to include additional characters on the show. His presence is sporadic as the writers of the show believed that including an additional character would ruin the chemistry between Pinky and The Brain, as they worked best as a comedy duo, and a third character would therefore be out of place and unnecessary to the plot. To further drive this point home, Larry's first appearance was marked by a modified version of the theme song with the name \"Larry!\" shoehorned in between existing lyrics.", "The elves discover the Noodle Noggin schematics in the possession of the mice, with Schotzie demanding to know if the mice are spies for the Easter Bunny, the Tooth Fairy, or Herschel, the Hanukkah Goblin. The Brain and Pinky then escape and disguise themselves as two reindeer to get a ride back to their home at Acme Labs. The two see Santa approaching his sleigh, but Brain restrains Pinky from giving Santa his Christmas list. While in flight, the two mice fall from the sleigh into the labs, unintentionally damaging Brain's hypnotic control equipment. As they rush to repair it, Pinky discovers his list was never delivered and breaks down into tears. As Pinky sobs uncontrollably, Brain angrily reads the letter and is surprised to see Pinky asked for nothing for himself, requesting that all of his gifts be delivered to the Brain instead. Brain is deeply moved, and when Pinky informs him the Noodle Noggins are working, Brain is too emotional to demand world domination. He orders everyone to have a Merry Christmas instead, and smashes the equipment in a fit of rage. On Christmas Day, Pinky and the Brain exchange gifts, an Earth-shaped keychain for the Brain and a spell checker for Pinky. The special was produced by Amblin Entertainment and Warner Bros. Television, based on a teleplay by Peter Hastings and directed by Rusty Mills. Filmmaker Steven Spielberg was credited as the special's executive producer, although author Frank Sanello expressed skepticism Spielberg personally worked on the special each day. In one scene in the workshop, Pinky reads they are invited to a party at the home of Donner the reindeer, which Brain dismisses with reference to the historical Donner Party.", "The episode \"Brainwashed\" states that the gene splicing was done by Dr. Mordough, along with Snowball the hamster and Precious the cat, using the Acme \"Gene Splicer, Bagel Warmer, and Hot Dog Steamer.\" Although Pinky and the Brain plan to conquer the world, they do not show much animosity. In a Christmas special Pinky even wrote to Santa that Brain had the world's best interests at heart. Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them.", "He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\") even shows a typical night of attempted world domination from his point of view, showing his thought process and how he comes to the strange, seemingly nonsensical responses to the Brain's famous question, \"Are you pondering what I'm pondering?\" Pinky often points out flaws in the Brain's plans, which the Brain consistently ignores. The issues Pinky brings up can ironically lead to the downfall of the given night's plot. He is also arguably Brain's moral compass and only real friend. When Pinky sold his soul to get Brain the world in \"A Pinky and the Brain Halloween\", Brain saved him because he missed him and the world was not worth ruling without him. Pinky also has shown signs of intelligence despite his supposed childish stupidity. In \"Welcome to the Jungle\", Pinky was able to survive using his instincts and become a leader to Brain, who, despite his intelligence, could not survive in the wild on his own. And in \"The Pink Candidate\", when Pinky became President, he later began citing various constitutional amendments and legal problems that would bar Brain from his latest plot to take over the world. When Brain attempted to pressure him into helping, Pinky refused, claiming that the plan \"goes against everything I've come to stand for.\""], "answer": {"text": "some large American city underneath a suspension bridge. Several", "answer_start": 85}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Pinky and the Brain about?", "answer": {"text": "of every episode involves one of Brain's plans for world domination with Pinky's assistance and the ultimate failure of that plan,", "answer_start": 641, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where does the show take place?", "answer": {"text": "in historical times,", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is the show about?", "answer": {"text": "one of Brain's plans for world domination with", "answer_start": 667, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How does he try to take over the world?", "answer": {"text": "world: in the end, a group of people vote that he should take over the world on the one day he does not want to.", "answer_start": 983, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_908488ae064c4cddbd69395c58877b00_1_q#6", "question": "anything else interesting?", "rewrite": "Along with trying to take over the world, is there anything else interesting about Pinky and the Brain?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["even shows a typical night of attempted world domination from his point of view, showing his thought process and how he comes to the strange, seemingly nonsensical responses to the Brain's famous question, \"Are you pondering what I'm pondering?\" Pinky often points out flaws in the Brain's plans, which the Brain consistently ignores. The issues Pinky brings up can ironically lead to the downfall of the given night's plot. He is also arguably Brain's moral compass and only real friend. When Pinky sold his soul to get Brain the world in \"A Pinky and the Brain Halloween\", Brain saved him because he missed him and the world was not worth ruling without him. Pinky also has shown signs of intelligence despite his supposed childish stupidity. In \"Welcome to the Jungle\", Pinky was able to survive using his instincts and become a leader to Brain, who, despite his intelligence, could not survive in the wild on his own. And in \"The Pink Candidate\", when Pinky became President, he later began citing various constitutional amendments and legal problems that would bar Brain from his latest plot to take over the world. When Brain attempted to pressure him into helping, Pinky refused, claiming that the plan \"goes against everything I've come to stand for.\"", "He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\") even shows a typical night of attempted world domination from his point of view, showing his thought process and how he comes to the strange, seemingly nonsensical responses to the Brain's famous question, \"Are you pondering what I'm pondering?\" Pinky often points out flaws in the Brain's plans, which the Brain consistently ignores. The issues Pinky brings up can ironically lead to the downfall of the given night's plot. He is also arguably Brain's moral compass and only real friend. When Pinky sold his soul to get Brain the world in \"A Pinky and the Brain Halloween\", Brain saved him because he missed him and the world was not worth ruling without him. Pinky also has shown signs of intelligence despite his supposed childish stupidity. In \"Welcome to the Jungle\", Pinky was able to survive using his instincts and become a leader to Brain, who, despite his intelligence, could not survive in the wild on his own. And in \"The Pink Candidate\", when Pinky became President, he later began citing various constitutional amendments and legal problems that would bar Brain from his latest plot to take over the world. When Brain attempted to pressure him into helping, Pinky refused, claiming that the plan \"goes against everything I've come to stand for.\"", "The episode \"Brainwashed\" states that the gene splicing was done by Dr. Mordough, along with Snowball the hamster and Precious the cat, using the Acme \"Gene Splicer, Bagel Warmer, and Hot Dog Steamer.\" Although Pinky and the Brain plan to conquer the world, they do not show much animosity. In a Christmas special Pinky even wrote to Santa that Brain had the world's best interests at heart. Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them.", "Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain is the retooling of the animated television series \"Pinky and the Brain\" (itself being a spin-off from \"Animaniacs\"), with the title characters being joined by Elmyra Duff from \"Tiny Toon Adventures\". The show was executive produced by Steven Spielberg and the series was produced by Amblin Television in association with Warner Bros. Animation, and aired from 1998 to 1999 on The WB Television Network, running for 13 episodes. It was Spielberg's last collaborative effort with Warner Bros. Animation until 2020's Animaniacs reboot. The series starts with Pinky and the Brain's home, Acme Labs, destroyed, and the two mice are now on the run from a man named Wally Faust. Pinky and the Brain finally end up in a pet store and take refuge inside a turtle, and Elmyra purchases the turtle, which she names Mr. Shellbutt, with the mice inside. In their new home, Pinky and the Brain continue to attempt new methods of trying to take over the world while at the same time enduring Elmyra's affection. Warner Bros. network executives had reportedly wanted Pinky and the Brain to be part of a sitcom \"more like \"The Simpsons\"\". In a press release, Warner Bros. stated that the new series was \"a fresh approach to popular favorites as Pinky & The Brain move from ACME Labs to America's suburbs when they are adopted by the extremely excitable Elmyra. \" The idea was reportedly met with resistance from the producers of the series. The apparent dissatisfaction with Warner Bros.' decision to change \"Pinky and the Brain\" showed up in episodes. The last script that producer Peter Hastings wrote before leaving Warner Bros. for Disney was the episode \"", "Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them. He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\")"], "answer": {"text": "Although Pinky and the Brain plan to conquer the world, they do not show much animosity. In", "answer_start": 202}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Pinky and the Brain about?", "answer": {"text": "of every episode involves one of Brain's plans for world domination with Pinky's assistance and the ultimate failure of that plan,", "answer_start": 641, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where does the show take place?", "answer": {"text": "in historical times,", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is the show about?", "answer": {"text": "one of Brain's plans for world domination with", "answer_start": 667, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How does he try to take over the world?", "answer": {"text": "world: in the end, a group of people vote that he should take over the world on the one day he does not want to.", "answer_start": 983, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where do they live?", "answer": {"text": "some large American city underneath a suspension bridge. Several", "answer_start": 85, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who created the show?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_908488ae064c4cddbd69395c58877b00_1_q#7", "question": "If they dont show animosity, what do they show?", "rewrite": "If Pinky and the Brain don't show animosity, what do they show?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The episode \"Brainwashed\" states that the gene splicing was done by Dr. Mordough, along with Snowball the hamster and Precious the cat, using the Acme \"Gene Splicer, Bagel Warmer, and Hot Dog Steamer.\" Although Pinky and the Brain plan to conquer the world, they do not show much animosity. In a Christmas special Pinky even wrote to Santa that Brain had the world's best interests at heart. Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them.", "He steadfastly helps Brain toward world domination, even though Brain usually berates, belittles, and abuses him. Pinky actually seems to enjoy this, laughing after he is hit. He is obsessed with trivia, spending a lot of time watching television in the lab and following popular culture fads. Sometimes Pinky even finds non-rational solutions to problems. An entire episode (entitled \"The Pinky P.O.V.\") even shows a typical night of attempted world domination from his point of view, showing his thought process and how he comes to the strange, seemingly nonsensical responses to the Brain's famous question, \"Are you pondering what I'm pondering?\" Pinky often points out flaws in the Brain's plans, which the Brain consistently ignores. The issues Pinky brings up can ironically lead to the downfall of the given night's plot. He is also arguably Brain's moral compass and only real friend. When Pinky sold his soul to get Brain the world in \"A Pinky and the Brain Halloween\", Brain saved him because he missed him and the world was not worth ruling without him. Pinky also has shown signs of intelligence despite his supposed childish stupidity. In \"Welcome to the Jungle\", Pinky was able to survive using his instincts and become a leader to Brain, who, despite his intelligence, could not survive in the wild on his own. And in \"The Pink Candidate\", when Pinky became President, he later began citing various constitutional amendments and legal problems that would bar Brain from his latest plot to take over the world. When Brain attempted to pressure him into helping, Pinky refused, claiming that the plan \"goes against everything I've come to stand for.\"", "Fort Lytton Historic Military Precinct Fort Lytton Historic Military Precinct is the main attraction of Fort Lytton National Park in Queensland, Australia. The Precinct contains historic Fort Lytton (a colonial coastal defence fort), and numerous other historic military buildings and structures from colonial times to the World War II. The precinct is at the epicentre of what was once a one square mile (259 ha) defence base strategically located at the mouth of the Brisbane River (the base was also called \u201cFort Lytton\u201d). The precinct also contains Fort Lytton Military Museum and is the site of regular military re-enactments. The national park is located in the Brisbane suburb of Lytton.", "Fort Lytton Fort Lytton is a heritage-listed 19th century coastal fort in the suburb of Lytton in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The name \u201cFort Lytton\u201d is also used to describe the military base that surrounded the fort. Fort Lytton was built in 1880-1882, and operated until 1965. The historic fort is now contained in Fort Lytton National Park. The park is open to the public on most Sundays and public holidays. Guided tours are provided by Fort Lytton Historical Association, a non-profit volunteer organisation. Fort Lytton was built in 1880-1882 in response to a fear that a foreign colonial power such as Russia or France might launch a naval attack on Brisbane or its port, both of which were located along the banks of the Brisbane River. The fort was designed by Lieutenant-Colonel Peter Scratchley. It was located at the mouth of the Brisbane river, and was designed to deny enemy vessels access to the river. This was initially achieved by a remote-controlled minefield across the mouth of the river, and four muzzle-loading heavy guns (two 80pdrs and two 64pdrs). By 1888, the 80pdr guns were replaced with two 100pdr breech-loading disappearing guns. Five years after that, the defences were increased with the addition of two quick-firing Hotchkiss 6pdr guns. The minefield was closed in 1908, but the disappearing guns continued in operation until 1938. Throughout its life, Fort Lytton was a major training base. Thousands of soldiers trained at Fort Lytton for the Boer War, World War I and World War II. For its first forty years the fort was also the main training base for Queensland's reserve soldiers. Each year up to 5000 reservists attended training at Fort Lytton's \"Easter Encampment\".", "Fort Lytton National Park Fort Lytton National Park's main attraction is \"Fort Lytton Historic Military Precinct\", providing guided tours of historic Fort Lytton, a museum and re-enactments. It is open free on Sundays, Public Holidays and for special events. Access to the park at other times is by appointment only, and is subject to fees. The park was created in 1990 as Queensland's first historic national park. It initially contained only heritage-listed Fort Lytton, a colonial coastal fort that continued to operate as a military base until after the Second World War. The park was extended in 1999 to include Lytton Quarantine Station which occupied abutting land. The Quarantine Station is also heritage-listed, but is only open to the public on special occasions. The park is located in the Brisbane suburb of Lytton, in Queensland, Australia. It is northeast of the Brisbane CBD near the mouth of the Brisbane River. Fort Lytton was constructed in 1880\u20131881 to protect both the city and the port from naval attack. After the Australian colonies became a federation (the Commonwealth of Australia) in 1901, the fort and the land on which it stood were transferred to the Commonwealth. Fort Lytton continued to operate as a military base until shortly after the Second World War (WW2). It was closed down progressively, the last operation to close being the signal station which closed in 1965. The land and fort were sold to the Ampol oil company in 1963, as the site for a new oil refinery (now the Caltex Refinery). The land contained three parcels that had particular historic significance. These were the land containing the original fort, the land containing Lytton Hill, and the land containing the remains of a WW2 heavy anti-aircraft battery."], "answer": {"text": "In a Christmas special Pinky even wrote to Santa that Brain had the world's best interests at heart.", "answer_start": 291}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Pinky and the Brain about?", "answer": {"text": "of every episode involves one of Brain's plans for world domination with Pinky's assistance and the ultimate failure of that plan,", "answer_start": 641, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where does the show take place?", "answer": {"text": "in historical times,", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is the show about?", "answer": {"text": "one of Brain's plans for world domination with", "answer_start": 667, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How does he try to take over the world?", "answer": {"text": "world: in the end, a group of people vote that he should take over the world on the one day he does not want to.", "answer_start": 983, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where do they live?", "answer": {"text": "some large American city underneath a suspension bridge. Several", "answer_start": 85, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who created the show?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "anything else interesting?", "answer": {"text": "Although Pinky and the Brain plan to conquer the world, they do not show much animosity. In", "answer_start": 202, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_908488ae064c4cddbd69395c58877b00_1_q#8", "question": "Does it mention any other specific episodes?", "rewrite": "Along with the Christmas special, does Pinky and the Brain mention any other specific episodes?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain is the retooling of the animated television series \"Pinky and the Brain\" (itself being a spin-off from \"Animaniacs\"), with the title characters being joined by Elmyra Duff from \"Tiny Toon Adventures\". The show was executive produced by Steven Spielberg and the series was produced by Amblin Television in association with Warner Bros. Animation, and aired from 1998 to 1999 on The WB Television Network, running for 13 episodes. It was Spielberg's last collaborative effort with Warner Bros. Animation until 2020's Animaniacs reboot. The series starts with Pinky and the Brain's home, Acme Labs, destroyed, and the two mice are now on the run from a man named Wally Faust. Pinky and the Brain finally end up in a pet store and take refuge inside a turtle, and Elmyra purchases the turtle, which she names Mr. Shellbutt, with the mice inside. In their new home, Pinky and the Brain continue to attempt new methods of trying to take over the world while at the same time enduring Elmyra's affection. Warner Bros. network executives had reportedly wanted Pinky and the Brain to be part of a sitcom \"more like \"The Simpsons\"\". In a press release, Warner Bros. stated that the new series was \"a fresh approach to popular favorites as Pinky & The Brain move from ACME Labs to America's suburbs when they are adopted by the extremely excitable Elmyra. \" The idea was reportedly met with resistance from the producers of the series. The apparent dissatisfaction with Warner Bros.' decision to change \"Pinky and the Brain\" showed up in episodes. The last script that producer Peter Hastings wrote before leaving Warner Bros. for Disney was the episode \"", "The elves discover the Noodle Noggin schematics in the possession of the mice, with Schotzie demanding to know if the mice are spies for the Easter Bunny, the Tooth Fairy, or Herschel, the Hanukkah Goblin. The Brain and Pinky then escape and disguise themselves as two reindeer to get a ride back to their home at Acme Labs. The two see Santa approaching his sleigh, but Brain restrains Pinky from giving Santa his Christmas list. While in flight, the two mice fall from the sleigh into the labs, unintentionally damaging Brain's hypnotic control equipment. As they rush to repair it, Pinky discovers his list was never delivered and breaks down into tears. As Pinky sobs uncontrollably, Brain angrily reads the letter and is surprised to see Pinky asked for nothing for himself, requesting that all of his gifts be delivered to the Brain instead. Brain is deeply moved, and when Pinky informs him the Noodle Noggins are working, Brain is too emotional to demand world domination. He orders everyone to have a Merry Christmas instead, and smashes the equipment in a fit of rage. On Christmas Day, Pinky and the Brain exchange gifts, an Earth-shaped keychain for the Brain and a spell checker for Pinky. The special was produced by Amblin Entertainment and Warner Bros. Television, based on a teleplay by Peter Hastings and directed by Rusty Mills. Filmmaker Steven Spielberg was credited as the special's executive producer, although author Frank Sanello expressed skepticism Spielberg personally worked on the special each day. In one scene in the workshop, Pinky reads they are invited to a party at the home of Donner the reindeer, which Brain dismisses with reference to the historical Donner Party.", "The episode \"Brainwashed\" states that the gene splicing was done by Dr. Mordough, along with Snowball the hamster and Precious the cat, using the Acme \"Gene Splicer, Bagel Warmer, and Hot Dog Steamer.\" Although Pinky and the Brain plan to conquer the world, they do not show much animosity. In a Christmas special Pinky even wrote to Santa that Brain had the world's best interests at heart. Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is another genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Although intelligent in his own right, Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\", and \"troz\" (the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort in the mirror\"). Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's--while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper, more eloquent manner, Pinky has a straight tail, blue eyes, and a severe overbite, is taller than the Brain, and speaks in a higher pitched voice with a Cockney accent. Pinky's name was inadvertently given to him by Brain himself: when insulting the two scientists responsible for their gene splicing while talking to himself, Brain claimed the scientists had \"less knowledge in both their heads than I do in my... pinky!\" Pinky then responded with \"Yes? \", believing Brain was referring to him. Pinky is more open-minded, kinder, and happier than the Brain. Troubles never ruin his day, arguably because he is too scatter-brained to notice them.", "A Pinky and the Brain Christmas A Pinky and the Brain Christmas is a 1995 animated television special based on the \"Pinky and the Brain\" TV series. It is directed by Rusty Mills and features the voices of Maurice LaMarche and Rob Paulsen. It is about the eponymous genetically modified mice, who are bent on world domination, attempting to deceive Santa Claus into delivering hypnotic devices as presents during Christmas. Although released on DVD with season 1 of the series, \"A Pinky and the Brain Christmas\" was originally aired December 13, 1995 on The WB as a prime time special. It won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program. While Pinky is writing his Christmas list to Santa Claus, whom he believes in with great faith, Brain is developing a new hypnotic doll called Noodle Noggin. Brain calculates that by manufacturing and distributing one billion Noodle Noggins, the world's population can be hypnotized into accepting Brain as ruler. When Brain spots on an advertisement for jobs as Santa's workshop, he realizes the elves would be ideal to make the dolls, and Santa can deliver them. The mice set off by plane, hiding in a dummy while a female pilot unwittingly flies them to the North Pole. Pinky and the Brain disguise themselves as elves and are assigned to the mail room by the surly head elf, Schotzie. The Brain subversively adds a Noodle Noggin to each Christmas list, causing the elves to scramble through their archives looking for the schematics. Eventually, Schotzie realizes Pinky and the Brain are not real elves, and the mice are captured by the workshop staff.", "List of Birds of a Feather episodes The following is a list of episodes for the British sitcom Birds of a Feather, that aired on BBC One from 16 October 1989 to 24 December 1998. The series returned over 15 years later, with its tenth series which aired on 2 January 2014 to 6 March 2014 on ITV. A Christmas special aired on 26 December 2014 whilst series eleven aired from 1 January to 12 February 2015. Series 12 aired from 7 January to 25 February 2016. A Christmas special aired on 24 December 2016. A Christmas special aired on 18 December 2017. A total of 128 episodes have aired. The first series, of six episodes, aired from 16 October to 20 November 1989 on Mondays at 8.30pm. A Christmas special aired on 26 December 1989 at 9.00pm. The second series aired for fifteen episodes from 6 September to 13 December 1990 on Thursdays at 8.30pm, followed by a Christmas Special on Boxing Day at 8.20pm. The twelve-episode third series aired from 31 August to 16 November 1991 on Saturdays at 8.00pm, followed by a Christmas special on Christmas Day at 8.00pm. The fourth series, of thirteen episodes, aired from 6 September to 29 November 1992 on Sundays at 8.40pm, with a Christmas Day special at 8.00pm. Series five for thirteen episodes on Sundays at 8.20pm from 5 September to 28 November 1993, with a Christmas Special on 25 December 1993 at 8.00pm. The sixth series aired from 18 September to 18 December 1994, for twelve episodes, on Sundays at 7.30pm. A Christmas Special followed on 24 December at 8.55pm. A special flashback episode, The Chigwell Years, was broadcast on Sunday 3 March 1996. It is now regarded as part of the seventh series."], "answer": {"text": "Gene Splicer, Bagel Warmer, and Hot Dog Steamer.\"", "answer_start": 152}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Pinky and the Brain about?", "answer": {"text": "of every episode involves one of Brain's plans for world domination with Pinky's assistance and the ultimate failure of that plan,", "answer_start": 641, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where does the show take place?", "answer": {"text": "in historical times,", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is the show about?", "answer": {"text": "one of Brain's plans for world domination with", "answer_start": 667, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How does he try to take over the world?", "answer": {"text": "world: in the end, a group of people vote that he should take over the world on the one day he does not want to.", "answer_start": 983, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where do they live?", "answer": {"text": "some large American city underneath a suspension bridge. Several", "answer_start": 85, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who created the show?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "anything else interesting?", "answer": {"text": "Although Pinky and the Brain plan to conquer the world, they do not show much animosity. In", "answer_start": 202, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "If they dont show animosity, what do they show?", "answer": {"text": "In a Christmas special Pinky even wrote to Santa that Brain had the world's best interests at heart.", "answer_start": 291, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_539ebae77e6a48b98340b4aef8c0c622_1_q#0", "question": "what were Como's vocal characteristics?", "rewrite": "what were Como's vocal characteristics?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit has held that \"physical evidence includes one's fingerprints, handwriting, vocal characteristics, stance, stride, gestures, or blood characteristics.\"", "Voice teacher A voice teacher or singing teacher is a musical instructor who assists adults and children in the development of their abilities in singing. A voice teacher works with a student singer to improve the various skills involved in singing. These skills include breath control and support, tone production and resonance, pitch control and musical intonation, proper formation of vowels and consonants as well as clarity of words, blending the various high and low ranges of a voice (called \"registration\"), as well as attentiveness to musical notation and phrasing, and the learning of songs. The voice teacher might operate in a private studio or be affiliated with a college or university faculty. Students usually start vocal instruction after their voices have settled in later teen years. Part of the job of any voice teacher is to know a student's vocal characteristics sufficiently well to identify their voice type. Women are usually classified in one of three categories: soprano, mezzo-soprano, and contralto. Men's voices are divided into four categories: countertenor, tenor, baritone, and bass. However, more mature and experienced singers who have completed their professional training can usually benefit from ongoing vocal instruction. At this point it is often referred to as vocal coaching. A vocal coach may help a student to learn new repertoire or assist the student to learn diction in different languages. Vocal coaches may also help vocalists to improve their singing technique, take care of and develop their voice, and prepare for the performance of a song or other work. The training and education of singing teachers varies widely. Teachers are generally trained in \"vocal pedagogy\", the study of the teaching of singing. Some voice teachers are members of professional associations such as the National Association of Teachers of Singing or NATS.", "Singers are then further classified by size\u2014for instance, a soprano can be described as a lyric soprano, coloratura, soubrette, spinto, or dramatic soprano. These terms, although not fully describing a singing voice, associate the singer's voice with the roles most suitable to the singer's vocal characteristics. Yet another sub-classification can be made according to acting skills or requirements, for example the \"Basso Buffo\" who often must be a specialist in patter as well as a comic actor. This is carried out in detail in the \"Fach\" system of German speaking countries, where historically opera and spoken drama were often put on by the same repertory company. A particular singer's voice may change drastically over his or her lifetime, rarely reaching vocal maturity until the third decade, and sometimes not until middle age. Two French voice types, \"premiere dugazon\" and \"deuxieme dugazon\", were named after successive stages in the career of Louise-Rosalie Lefebvre (Mme. Dugazon). Other terms originating in the star casting system of the Parisian theatres are \"baryton-martin\" and soprano \"falcon\". The soprano voice has typically been used as the voice of choice for the female protagonist of the opera since the latter half of the 18th century. Earlier, it was common for that part to be sung by any female voice, or even a castrato. The current emphasis on a wide vocal range was primarily an invention of the Classical period. Before that, the vocal virtuosity, not range, was the priority, with soprano parts rarely extending above a high A (Handel, for example, only wrote one role extending to a high C), though the castrato Farinelli was alleged to possess a top D (his lower range was also extraordinary, extending to tenor C).", "It has many variations and it is very popular because it has to do with a special condition that people confront in their daily life. Dirge can be created by from one or more persons. The most difficult and rarest variation is the polyphonic Dirge because it needs four participants to be in a harmony. Vocal Characteristics of Polifonic Dirge Lullabies are short poetic monologues, where the parents express their wishes about their children before sleep. The most usual artistic and literary figures that are used are comparison and personification. They are also lyrical. Their characteristic is that most of them start with \"Nani-nani djalin/vajzen\" or \"Nina-nana\". Lullabies are the finest representation about expressing parental love and the irreplaceable role of family in Kosovo tradition. Well-known kosovar lullaby is : \" Nina-nina, more pllum\" \"Flej se nana te don shum\" \"T'i m'u rritsh-o nafaklum\" Ciftelia is an original unique instrument in Kosovo. This is a two-stringed instrument in which one string is used for the drone and one for the melody. It is a wooden instrument with a small head and a long tail. It is used in a style of dance and pastoral songs, mostly on Kosovo and it is known as a Gheg Instrument. Together with Sharkia it represent a strongly traditional instrument and has characteristics of rapsodian genre. Sharkia is a traditional instrument usually with five wires (2+1+2). There are also some other kinds of sharkia, one of them is with 12 wires. Sharkia's sounds are deep and vibrant. Often this instrument is accompanied with a good part of lyrical and epic songs, as well as various popular traditional dance.", "Picnickers & families with children are well catered for with the expanded play area facilities, lawns & seating in and around the Como Pleasure Grounds. The famous Sydney rock oyster can still be scrounged around the muddy Como foreshore by the adventurous at low tide. Como features two well-regarded public schools: Como Public School and Como West Public School Como Public School]
The original name for the first school to be built in the locality was actually called the \"\"Worinora School\"\". This name was changed shortly after it was completed construction in late 1883 to \"\"Como Public School\"\".
The school was located about 100 metres south of the southernmost extent of what would later become known as Scylla Bay. The site of the first school (with adjacent flagpole and school masters house) can clearly be seen in a photo of the area, taken circa 1894 AFTER the school had been closed down for good). \"Como Public School Definitive Timeline 1883-1923:\" Como West Public School
The original \"Como West Public School\" was sited at the corner of Warraba Street & Wolger Street, Como West. This first school was later completely destroyed in the devastating 1994 Como West bush fires. \"Como West Public School Definitive Timeline 1949-1994:\" Como is home to the St George Rowing Club. Many renowned rowers begin their sculling career here. Como also features a number of parks, including Scylla Bay Oval (home to the successful Como-Jannali Crocodiles) and the historic Como Pleasure Grounds, home to the Como Swimming Club, with swimming baths and a freshwater pool."], "answer": {"text": "Perry Como's voice is widely known for its good-natured vocal acrobatics", "answer_start": 69}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_539ebae77e6a48b98340b4aef8c0c622_1_q#1", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "In addition to Como\u00b4s voice widely known for its good-natured vocal acrobatics are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Perry Como credited Bing Crosby for influencing his voice and style. Perry Como's voice is widely known for its good-natured vocal acrobatics as portrayed in his highly popular novelty songs such as \"Hot Diggity (Dog Ziggity Boom)\", but there was another side to Perry Como. Music critic Gene Lees describes it in his sleeve note to Como's 1968 album Look To Your Heart: Despite his immense popularity, Como is rarely given credit for what, once you stop and think of it, he so clearly is: one of the great singers and one of the great artists of our time. Perhaps the reason people rarely talk about his formidable attributes as a singer is that he makes so little fuss about them. That celebrated ease of his has been too little understood. Ease in any art is the result of mastery over the details of the craft. You get them together to the point where you can forget about how you do things and concentrate on what you are doing. Como got them together so completely that the muscles don't even show. It seems effortless, but a good deal of effort has gone into making it seem so. Como is known to be meticulous about rehearsal of the material for an album. He tries things out in different keys, gives the song thought, makes suggestions, tries it again, and again, until he is satisfied. The hidden work makes him look like Mr. Casual, and too many people are taken in by it -- but happily so. -Gene Lees-sleeve note, Look To Your Heart From 1989 until his death in 2001, Como co-hosted a weekly syndicated radio show with John Knox, called Weekend With Perry. Como's Hollywood-type good looks earned him a seven-year contract with 20th Century-Fox in 1943.", "Some songs are stripped to little more than a guitar and voice, but Sande doesn't rely on vocal acrobatics to fill in the gaps. She whispers and roars, breathing with the songs instead of trying to overwhelm them. \" In his review for \"The New York Times\", Jon Pareles remarked the Sand\u00e9's \"return is lucid and uncluttered, placing all the expressiveness of her voice at its center. [She] could easily oversing; she has delicacy, volume, graininess, melismas and sly, rhythmic nuances whenever she needs them. But she inhabits her songs rather than overpowering them [...] Intertwining love, faith and music, as Ms. Sand\u00e9 does through much of the album, is a time-tested idea. But it\u2019s also an abiding and deserving one, especially when it\u2019s carried off with such unfailing grace.\" Andy Gill, writing for \"The Independent\", noted that \"the more interesting aspects of the album are to be found in less formulaic arrangements, [...] settling into a folk-soul setting clearly influenced by Tracy Chapman.\" \"The Observer\" journalist Bernadette McNulty found that \"a repetitive wash of acoustic guitars and consoling choirs dull the emotion, and Sand\u00e9 is too polite to go for the jugular. \" Less enthustastic, Pitchfork contributor Katherine St. Asaph felt that \"too much of \"Long Live the Angels\" just feels turgid [...] Sand\u00e9 sings, well and interchangeably, over a dozen tracks of stately but amorphous gloom \u2013 the sort of beige dramatics \"The Guardian\" dubbed, in 2011, the new boring'.\"", "Swecoin Swecoin was a thermal printer manufacturing company based in Sollentuna, Sweden. They also had a US-based sales division, Swecoin US Inc, based in Rhode Island. Today the previous Swecoin business is an integrated part of the Zebra Technologies Corporation. Swecoin's printer designs utilize a patented looping presenter mechanism in which a paper loop is formed inside the printer before the printout is presented to the user of the printer to prevent the user from removing the printout before it has completed. The company Swecoin AB was founded in 1983, as a successor to the mechanical cash-register company Sweda. Originally the focus was to sell spare parts and similar for these machines. The company then branched into importing and distributing Point of Sales printers from manufacturers such as Data Techno. In the very early 1990s the company started developing its own products, kiosk and ticket printers. Shortly after this a US distribution company, Swecoin US Inc, was founded in Rhode Island. The company grew organically and through acquisitions during the 1990s. Acquisitions included the component distribution company Promakon, the injection moulding company Nya Ovansj\u00f6 Plast och Verktyg and the Pay and Display Parking machine manufacturer AB Cale Industi. In 1997 the Swecoin Group was acquired by Metric Gruppen, owned by Rune Andersson. In late 1999, some of the original owners bought back the core Swecoin printer business from Metric. The business grew significantly from this point with several new product lines being introduced, for example the TTP 2000 series. In October 2006 Swecoin was acquired by the Zebra Technologies Corporation, and by the end of 2009 it was fully integrated into Zebra Technologies. During its entire history Swecoin has been on the leading edge of kiosk and ticket printer development.", "Perry Como credited Bing Crosby for influencing his voice and style. Perry Como's voice is widely known for its good-natured vocal acrobatics as portrayed in his highly popular novelty songs such as \"Hot Diggity (Dog Ziggity Boom)\", but there was another side to Perry Como. Music critic Gene Lees describes it in his sleeve note to Como's 1968 album Look To Your Heart: Despite his immense popularity, Como is rarely given credit for what, once you stop and think of it, he so clearly is: one of the great singers and one of the great artists of our time. Perhaps the reason people rarely talk about his formidable attributes as a singer is that he makes so little fuss about them. That celebrated ease of his has been too little understood. Ease in any art is the result of mastery over the details of the craft. You get them together to the point where you can forget about how you do things and concentrate on what you are doing. Como got them together so completely that the muscles don't even show. It seems effortless, but a good deal of effort has gone into making it seem so. Como is known to be meticulous about rehearsal of the material for an album. He tries things out in different keys, gives the song thought, makes suggestions, tries it again, and again, until he is satisfied. The hidden work makes him look like Mr. Casual, and too many people are taken in by it -- but happily so. -Gene Lees-sleeve note, Look To Your Heart From 1989 until his death in 2001, Como co-hosted a weekly syndicated radio show with John Knox, called Weekend With Perry.", "The subglottal pressure, the driving force in phonation, needs to be adapted in accordance with the laryngeal conditions.\u201d In other words, the very act of singing consistently within one technique or another literally causes the voice to physically develop in different ways, and thus change the timbre of that particular voice. Another example would be a coloratura soprano in opera. This is not only the highest female voice in opera, but also distinguished by its ability to do vocal acrobatic leaps, fast vocal runs and trills, and free movement within the highest part of the voice. A non-opera singer might be able to sing as high as a coloratura soprano, but they would not be able to do the vocal acrobatics of a coloratura soprano without classical technique and training. Therefore, the voice classification system in opera is not really applicable to singers in other genres. A second problem in applying these systems is a question of range specification. This is particularly a problem when trying to apply the choral music system to the non-classical singer. The choral system was developed to delineate polyphonic structure and was not really intended to designate a vocal type to individual singers. In other words, choral music was designed to be broken down into four vocal sections and it is the sections themselves that are labeled soprano, alto, tenor, and bass and not the individual singers. For example, most women that sing the alto line in choirs would be considered mezzo-sopranos in opera due to their vocal timbre and their particular range resting somewhere in the middle between a soprano and contralto. A small portion of them, however, would most likely be contraltos. Therefore, one could say, \"I am a mezzo-soprano singing the alto line\", and the other \"I am a contralto singing the alto line."], "answer": {"text": "Perry Como credited Bing Crosby for influencing his voice and style.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "what were Como's vocal characteristics?", "answer": {"text": "Perry Como's voice is widely known for its good-natured vocal acrobatics", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_539ebae77e6a48b98340b4aef8c0c622_1_q#4", "question": "what was his best attribute?", "rewrite": "what was Como's best attribute?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Picnickers & families with children are well catered for with the expanded play area facilities, lawns & seating in and around the Como Pleasure Grounds. The famous Sydney rock oyster can still be scrounged around the muddy Como foreshore by the adventurous at low tide. Como features two well-regarded public schools: Como Public School and Como West Public School Como Public School
The original name for the first school to be built in the locality was actually called the \"\"Worinora School\"\". This name was changed shortly after it was completed construction in late 1883 to \"\"Como Public School\"\".
The school was located about 100 metres south of the southernmost extent of what would later become known as Scylla Bay. The site of the first school (with adjacent flagpole and school masters house) can clearly be seen in a photo of the area, taken circa 1894 AFTER the school had been closed down for good). \"Como Public School Definitive Timeline 1883-1923:\" Como West Public School
The original \"Como West Public School\" was sited at the corner of Warraba Street & Wolger Street, Como West. This first school was later completely destroyed in the devastating 1994 Como West bush fires. \"Como West Public School Definitive Timeline 1949-1994:\" Como is home to the St George Rowing Club. Many renowned rowers begin their sculling career here. Como also features a number of parks, including Scylla Bay Oval (home to the successful Como-Jannali Crocodiles) and the historic Como Pleasure Grounds, home to the Como Swimming Club, with swimming baths and a freshwater pool.", "Rocky Balboa fights as a southpaw (left-handed). In the second film, against Apollo Creed, he comes out orthodox and Mickey intends for him to switch back to southpaw late in the last round, but Balboa refuses saying \"no tricks, I ain't switching\". Mickey tells him that Apollo is ready for him (if he continues using his right) and so towards the end of the round, he does indeed lead with his left. The real reason for this is Sylvester Stallone tore his pectoral muscles in training, but the idea was probably taken from the great left-handed boxer \"Marvelous\" Marvin Hagler who would sometimes come out orthodox to confuse opponents. Rocky was an all-or-nothing brawler coming into his first bout with Creed; however, under the training of Mickey, he began to develop his boxing skills which he eventually mastered. During his reign as world champion, he became a class hybrid fighter, possessing the qualities of an inside fighter, brawler, and swarmer. With the exception of his rematch against Clubber Lang (where he fights as an outside fighter), he often advances quickly upon his opponents, driving them into the ropes in order to attack the body. Balboa's best attribute is without question his near-superhuman ability to absorb a multitude of the hardest hits without falling \u2014 an attribute he often employs on purpose to wear down his opponents, sacrificing defensive strategy to land his own punches. Because of this rare talent, Balboa can afford to keep his hands in position to strike rather than up high to block. Because he takes more punches than he throws, it is easy to overlook his incredible punching power. Rocky also has an uncanny ability to sense weakness in his opponents, often capitalizing on every shift in momentum possible.", "Como West, New South Wales Como West is a locality in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located in the western part of the suburb of Como. The postcode is 2226, the same as Como. Como West is located on the north eastern bank of the Woronora River. It features its own primary school - Como West Public School and sports fields. There is a small shopping area with a motor repair shop, wine cellar, a Chinese restaurant, a veterinarian, doctor, chemist, cafe, butcher, hairdresser and a corner shop. Henry Lawson Park celebrates the name of that great Australian poet. In early 1884, James Frederick Murphy (Manager of the Holt-Sutherland Company Estate) is attributed as being responsible for the renaming of the postal locality previously known as \"Woronora\" - to \"COMO\". Thirty years later on 19 June 1914, the elevated portion of \"Como\" lying west of the Illawarra Railway line & extending west to the Woronora River is first referred to as \"Como Heights\" in a local tourism advertisement published in numerous papers around New South Wales. Six years later on 10 September 1920, the term \"Como Heights Estate\" appears in a Land Sale advertisement in The Propellor, Hurstville A further six years elapsed, then on 5 June 1926, an article referring to the \"West Como Progress Association\" is published by the Evening News, Sydney, newspaper. Thirteen more years elapse, then finally on 9 November 1939 the term \"Como West\" first appears publicly, via an advertisement by the proprietor of the Como West Post Office which is published in The Propellor, Hurstville. Many houses and the historic Como West Public School were burnt down during the devastating notable 1994 bushfires.", "ID3 algorithm In decision tree learning, ID3 (Iterative Dichotomiser 3) is an algorithm invented by Ross Quinlan used to generate a decision tree from a dataset. ID3 is the precursor to the C4.5 algorithm, and is typically used in the machine learning and natural language processing domains. The ID3 algorithm begins with the original set formula_1 as the root node. On each iteration of the algorithm, it iterates through every unused attribute of the set formula_1 and calculates the entropy formula_3 (or information gain formula_4) of that attribute. It then selects the attribute which has the smallest entropy (or largest information gain) value. The set formula_1 is then split or partitioned by the selected attribute to produce subsets of the data. (For example, a node can be split into child nodes based upon the subsets of the population whose ages are less than 50, between 50 and 100, and greater than 100.) The algorithm continues to recurse on each subset, considering only attributes never selected before. Recursion on a subset may stop in one of these cases: Throughout the algorithm, the decision tree is constructed with each non-terminal node (internal node) representing the selected attribute on which the data was split, and terminal nodes (leaf nodes) representing the class label of the final subset of this branch. ID3 (Examples, Target_Attribute, Attributes) ID3 does not guarantee an optimal solution. It can converge upon local optima. It uses a greedy strategy by selecting the locally best attribute to split the dataset on each iteration. The algorithm's optimality can be improved by using backtracking during the search for the optimal decision tree at the cost of possibly taking longer. ID3 can overfit the training data.", "\" was that of Perry Como, \"the quintessential white pop crooner of the 1950s\", who recorded his version at Webster Hall, New York on January 4, 1955, as the first rock 'n' roll release on the RCA Victor label. Shapiro and Pollock see Como's version as part of \"the industry effort to whitewash the racy, raunchy music of rhythm and blues before anyone's daughter heard it\". Como's version was reviewed positively in \"The Billboard\" magazine on January 15, 1955, and promoted extensively in a two-page advertising spread in the same issue, headlined as \"DIG PERRY IN ACTION ON A GREAT 'ROCK-AND-ROLL' RECORD\". Como also performed the song on his television program \"The Perry Como Chesterfield Show\" in mid-January, and again on February 18, 1955. Entering the \"Billboard\" charts on February 5, 1955, eventually the song spent 14 weeks in the charts. Como's version peaked on March 2, 1955, when it was ranked #2 on\"Billboard\"'s Disc Jockey Chart, #5 on the Best Sellers in Stores chart, and #5 on the Juke Box Chart. However, on March 2, 1955, Julius La Rosa sang the song with Joni James on Como's \"Perry Como Chesterfield Show\" on CBS due to Como's vacation. Como also performed the song on his NBC television program \"The Perry Como Show\" on October 29, 1955. At the end of 1955, Como's version was ranked by \"Billboard Magazine\" as #22 on its Disc Jockey charts and #25 of the year's Top Tunes based on record sales. Como again performed the song on \"The Perry Como Show\" on April 28, 1956, this time with Louis Armstrong, who had previously covered the song with Gary Crosby in early 1955."], "answer": {"text": "his formidable attributes as a singer is that he makes so little fuss about them. That celebrated ease of his has been too little understood.", "answer_start": 601}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what were Como's vocal characteristics?", "answer": {"text": "Perry Como's voice is widely known for its good-natured vocal acrobatics", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Perry Como credited Bing Crosby for influencing his voice and style.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he married?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_539ebae77e6a48b98340b4aef8c0c622_1_q#5", "question": "who did he work with?", "rewrite": "who did Como work with?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Como West, New South Wales Como West is a locality in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located in the western part of the suburb of Como. The postcode is 2226, the same as Como. Como West is located on the north eastern bank of the Woronora River. It features its own primary school - Como West Public School and sports fields. There is a small shopping area with a motor repair shop, wine cellar, a Chinese restaurant, a veterinarian, doctor, chemist, cafe, butcher, hairdresser and a corner shop. Henry Lawson Park celebrates the name of that great Australian poet. In early 1884, James Frederick Murphy (Manager of the Holt-Sutherland Company Estate) is attributed as being responsible for the renaming of the postal locality previously known as \"Woronora\" - to \"COMO\". Thirty years later on 19 June 1914, the elevated portion of \"Como\" lying west of the Illawarra Railway line & extending west to the Woronora River is first referred to as \"Como Heights\" in a local tourism advertisement published in numerous papers around New South Wales. Six years later on 10 September 1920, the term \"Como Heights Estate\" appears in a Land Sale advertisement in The Propellor, Hurstville A further six years elapsed, then on 5 June 1926, an article referring to the \"West Como Progress Association\" is published by the Evening News, Sydney, newspaper. Thirteen more years elapse, then finally on 9 November 1939 the term \"Como West\" first appears publicly, via an advertisement by the proprietor of the Como West Post Office which is published in The Propellor, Hurstville. Many houses and the historic Como West Public School were burnt down during the devastating notable 1994 bushfires.", "Picnickers & families with children are well catered for with the expanded play area facilities, lawns & seating in and around the Como Pleasure Grounds. The famous Sydney rock oyster can still be scrounged around the muddy Como foreshore by the adventurous at low tide. Como features two well-regarded public schools: Como Public School and Como West Public School Como Public School
The original name for the first school to be built in the locality was actually called the \"\"Worinora School\"\". This name was changed shortly after it was completed construction in late 1883 to \"\"Como Public School\"\".
The school was located about 100 metres south of the southernmost extent of what would later become known as Scylla Bay. The site of the first school (with adjacent flagpole and school masters house) can clearly be seen in a photo of the area, taken circa 1894 AFTER the school had been closed down for good). \"Como Public School Definitive Timeline 1883-1923:\" Como West Public School
The original \"Como West Public School\" was sited at the corner of Warraba Street & Wolger Street, Como West. This first school was later completely destroyed in the devastating 1994 Como West bush fires. \"Como West Public School Definitive Timeline 1949-1994:\" Como is home to the St George Rowing Club. Many renowned rowers begin their sculling career here. Como also features a number of parks, including Scylla Bay Oval (home to the successful Como-Jannali Crocodiles) and the historic Como Pleasure Grounds, home to the Como Swimming Club, with swimming baths and a freshwater pool.", "It was only the persistence of a handful of FCO officials, notably Edward Inglett, and a witness statement by Oxford professor David Anderson in December 2010 alleging \"systematic withholding by HMG of 1,500 files in 300 boxes taking up 100 linear feet\", that eventually resulted in the migrated archives coming to light in January 2011. Upon their 'discovery', Foreign Secretary William Hague requested Anthony Cary, a former British High Commissioner to Canada, to conduct an internal review into why the migrated archives had been spotlighted neither by the FoI requests nor by the initial Court Disclosure request. Cary reported the following month, and outlined the background as follows: Though sympathetic to the FCO, Cary's report nonetheless judged that despite the involvement of relatively junior staff, who had been genuinely ignorant about the contents of the migrated archives, there were more knowledgeable staff who had not been. Conveniently, in 2006, after the FoI requests came in, the fifty-year-old migrated archives were relocated to the section for \"FCO material of between 3 and 30 years old\". One excuse offered by the FCO for their failure to consult the files was that the ownership of the papers was confused, that the FCO merely possessed stewardship, thus the archives had been considered \"out of bounds\" for FoI requests (the FCO were not the owners, so they did not have the right to go through the documents). Cary, however, managed to uncover the fact that this was not the case, that there had been \"major exceptions to the general principle that these papers have been considered 'out of bounds'. \" Such an excuse became irrelevant after the 2006 legal request from Leigh Day because \"all\" documents have to be checked when it comes to court cases. \"It was perhaps convenient to [think] that the migrated archives . .", "\" was that of Perry Como, \"the quintessential white pop crooner of the 1950s\", who recorded his version at Webster Hall, New York on January 4, 1955, as the first rock 'n' roll release on the RCA Victor label. Shapiro and Pollock see Como's version as part of \"the industry effort to whitewash the racy, raunchy music of rhythm and blues before anyone's daughter heard it\". Como's version was reviewed positively in \"The Billboard\" magazine on January 15, 1955, and promoted extensively in a two-page advertising spread in the same issue, headlined as \"DIG PERRY IN ACTION ON A GREAT 'ROCK-AND-ROLL' RECORD\". Como also performed the song on his television program \"The Perry Como Chesterfield Show\" in mid-January, and again on February 18, 1955. Entering the \"Billboard\" charts on February 5, 1955, eventually the song spent 14 weeks in the charts. Como's version peaked on March 2, 1955, when it was ranked #2 on\"Billboard\"'s Disc Jockey Chart, #5 on the Best Sellers in Stores chart, and #5 on the Juke Box Chart. However, on March 2, 1955, Julius La Rosa sang the song with Joni James on Como's \"Perry Como Chesterfield Show\" on CBS due to Como's vacation. Como also performed the song on his NBC television program \"The Perry Como Show\" on October 29, 1955. At the end of 1955, Como's version was ranked by \"Billboard Magazine\" as #22 on its Disc Jockey charts and #25 of the year's Top Tunes based on record sales. Como again performed the song on \"The Perry Como Show\" on April 28, 1956, this time with Louis Armstrong, who had previously covered the song with Gary Crosby in early 1955.", "It is obtained by mixing and cooking corn flour and buckwheat. It is usually served with meat, game, cheese and sometimes fish; in fact, \"Polenta e Misultin\" (\"Alosa agone\") is served in the restaurants in the Lake Como area. A traditional dish is the \"Risotto con Filetti di Pesce Persico\" or simply \"Risotto al Pesce Persico\" (European perch filet risotto), a fish grown in Lake Como, prepared with white wine, onion, butter and wheat. The Servizio Ferroviario Regionale (Regional Railway Service) connects Como by train to other major cities in Lombardy. Services are provided by Trenord through two main stations: Como San Giovanni and Como Nord Lago. There are five more urban stations (Albate-Camerlata, Albate-Trecallo, Como Borghi, Como Camerlata and Grandate-Breccia). Como San Giovanni is also a stop on the main North-South line between Milan Centrale and Z\u00fcrich HB and Basel SBB. Intercity and Eurostar trains stop at this station, which makes Como very accessible from the European express train network. The Como to Brunate funicular connects the center of Como with Brunate, a small village (1,800 inhabitants) on a mountain at above sea level. The local public transport network comprises 11 urban (within city limits) lines and 'extra-urban' (crossing city limits) (C) lines connecting Como with most of its province centers. They are provided by ASF Autolinee. Ferrovie Nord Milano also provides other bus lines connecting Como to Varese in substitution of the original railway line that was dismissed in the 1960s. A taxi service is provided by the Municipality of Como."], "answer": {"text": "From 1989 until his death in 2001, Como co-hosted a weekly syndicated radio show with John Knox, called Weekend With Perry.", "answer_start": 1443}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what were Como's vocal characteristics?", "answer": {"text": "Perry Como's voice is widely known for its good-natured vocal acrobatics", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Perry Como credited Bing Crosby for influencing his voice and style.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he married?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his best attribute?", "answer": {"text": "his formidable attributes as a singer is that he makes so little fuss about them. That celebrated ease of his has been too little understood.", "answer_start": 601, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_539ebae77e6a48b98340b4aef8c0c622_1_q#6", "question": "he died?", "rewrite": "Como died when?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Emanuele da Como Fra Emanuele da Como, born in 1625, was a Franciscan friar, and studied art under the direction of Agostino Scilla at Messina. He distinguished himself by his pure and simple style, which is the more creditable as he flourished at a time when taste for art was in a most deplorable state. In 1672, he executed several frescoes in the Aula Maxima and the cloister of St. Isidore's Franciscan College, Rome, which is part of the Irish Franciscan Province of the Order of Friars Minor. Fra Emanuele da Como died in 1701.", "Como West, New South Wales Como West is a locality in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located in the western part of the suburb of Como. The postcode is 2226, the same as Como. Como West is located on the north eastern bank of the Woronora River. It features its own primary school - Como West Public School and sports fields. There is a small shopping area with a motor repair shop, wine cellar, a Chinese restaurant, a veterinarian, doctor, chemist, cafe, butcher, hairdresser and a corner shop. Henry Lawson Park celebrates the name of that great Australian poet. In early 1884, James Frederick Murphy (Manager of the Holt-Sutherland Company Estate) is attributed as being responsible for the renaming of the postal locality previously known as \"Woronora\" - to \"COMO\". Thirty years later on 19 June 1914, the elevated portion of \"Como\" lying west of the Illawarra Railway line & extending west to the Woronora River is first referred to as \"Como Heights\" in a local tourism advertisement published in numerous papers around New South Wales. Six years later on 10 September 1920, the term \"Como Heights Estate\" appears in a Land Sale advertisement in The Propellor, Hurstville A further six years elapsed, then on 5 June 1926, an article referring to the \"West Como Progress Association\" is published by the Evening News, Sydney, newspaper. Thirteen more years elapse, then finally on 9 November 1939 the term \"Como West\" first appears publicly, via an advertisement by the proprietor of the Como West Post Office which is published in The Propellor, Hurstville. Many houses and the historic Como West Public School were burnt down during the devastating notable 1994 bushfires.", "Como was involved in other initiatives for promoting excellence in, and appreciation of, ballet in the United States. Along with Walter Terry (see Modern dance) and others, Como was one of the founders, in 1979, of the USA International Ballet Competition in Jackson, Mississippi, held every four years. With the assistance of Philp and with Herbert Migdoll\u2019s designs, Como introduced a distinguishing feature to \"Dance Magazine\": a separate monthly Portfolio, printed on heavy stock paper, dedicated to prominent people in the dance world, historical repertoire, events and institutions. Many of these are, in effect, condensed monographs, of permanent research value. He wrote a regular one-page \"Editor's Notes\" column for the magazine and published articles and introductions to books. In later years he had a weekly half-hour \"Performance Today\" program with National Public Radio. Bill Como did not live to write his planned autobiography, which, given his great sociability and his publishing positions, would have provided a lively and informative window on an important epoch in the history of theater arts. William Como died in hospital of late-diagnosed lung cancer on January 1, 1989, toward the end nursed by Raoul Gelabert. A \"William Como \"Dance Magazine\" Scholarship\", awarded yearly, has been established.", "Picnickers & families with children are well catered for with the expanded play area facilities, lawns & seating in and around the Como Pleasure Grounds. The famous Sydney rock oyster can still be scrounged around the muddy Como foreshore by the adventurous at low tide. Como features two well-regarded public schools: Como Public School and Como West Public School Como Public School
The original name for the first school to be built in the locality was actually called the \"\"Worinora School\"\". This name was changed shortly after it was completed construction in late 1883 to \"\"Como Public School\"\".
The school was located about 100 metres south of the southernmost extent of what would later become known as Scylla Bay. The site of the first school (with adjacent flagpole and school masters house) can clearly be seen in a photo of the area, taken circa 1894 AFTER the school had been closed down for good). \"Como Public School Definitive Timeline 1883-1923:\" Como West Public School
The original \"Como West Public School\" was sited at the corner of Warraba Street & Wolger Street, Como West. This first school was later completely destroyed in the devastating 1994 Como West bush fires. \"Como West Public School Definitive Timeline 1949-1994:\" Como is home to the St George Rowing Club. Many renowned rowers begin their sculling career here. Como also features a number of parks, including Scylla Bay Oval (home to the successful Como-Jannali Crocodiles) and the historic Como Pleasure Grounds, home to the Como Swimming Club, with swimming baths and a freshwater pool.", "Rossella Como Rossella Como (29 January 1939 \u2013 20 December 1986) was an Italian actress and television personality. Born in Rome, Como started her career at just 16 years old as a TV presenter, in the RAI show \"Primo applauso\". Shortly later, she made her film debut in a little but critically appreciated role in the Dino Risi's comedy film \"Poveri ma belli\". From then Como appeared with some frequency both as an actress and as a presenter in films and on television, as well as on stage. In 1973 she was author and main actress of \"Roma Amor\", a successful stage musical where she alternated Roman folk songs to sonnets of Pier Paolo Pasolini and Trilussa and with which she long toured in Italy and Latin America. Como died of cancer."], "answer": {"text": "his death in 2001,", "answer_start": 1459}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what were Como's vocal characteristics?", "answer": {"text": "Perry Como's voice is widely known for its good-natured vocal acrobatics", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Perry Como credited Bing Crosby for influencing his voice and style.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he married?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his best attribute?", "answer": {"text": "his formidable attributes as a singer is that he makes so little fuss about them. That celebrated ease of his has been too little understood.", "answer_start": 601, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did he work with?", "answer": {"text": "From 1989 until his death in 2001, Como co-hosted a weekly syndicated radio show with John Knox, called Weekend With Perry.", "answer_start": 1443, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4404c822724f4b1ebeca495325ac8494_0_q#0", "question": "What is the Drum and bugle corps marching technique?", "rewrite": "What is the Drum and bugle corps marching technique?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Distant Thunder (marching band) Distant Thunder were a marching brass and percussion band (and latterly a drum corps) who competed in BYBA (British Youth Band Association) and Drum Corps Europe. They were based in Sharnbrook Upper School. The Corps have since merged with Equinox Drum and Bugle Corps in 2010 to form Nexus Drum & Bugle Corps. The band was originally formed in 1981 as Bedford and Kempston E flat drum and trumpet corps. In 1986, they were renamed the Buccaneers Drum and Bugle Corps before disbanding in 1999. The corps then reformed as Distant Thunder Show Corps in 1999 by John Dimmick, Paul Bishop and Richard Harding. Re-entering BYBA in Junior Class in the 2000 season , they grew in size and skill each season, winning DCE A-Class in 2004 and BYBA Division 2 in 2005. Moving to the highest class, Division 1, in 2006 the corps re-branded as a drum and bugle corps once again. In January 2010, the corps merged with Equinox Drum and Bugle Corps of Biggleswade to form Nexus Drum & Bugle Corps. Nexus Drum & Bugle Corps have since gone on to become 2010 Division 3 UK Champions. From toe to head, the marching member uniform from 2005 consisted of black shoes and socks followed by black trousers. The jacket was purple and white on each arm divided by a 90 degree black strip with a diamond in the middle and black gloves and gauntlets on the arms and hands. The diamond varied each year: 2005 - Silver 2006 - Black with either a white 0 or 1 (representing computer coding) 2007 - White with a black O and a green Z in the middle 2008 - Silver The headgear was a white plastic cowboy hat with a black fabric around the middle, a black plume and silver highlights.", "Spirit of Atlanta Drum and Bugle Corps Spirit of Atlanta Drum and Bugle Corps (also known as \"Spirit\") is a World Class competitive drum and bugle corps. Based in Atlanta, Georgia, Spirit of Atlanta is a member corps of Drum Corps International (DCI). \"Sources:\" In 1976, Freddy and Linda Martin and Bob Hoehn met with the management of an Atlanta area television station to discuss starting an Atlanta-area drum and bugle corps. After a series of successful meetings, Spirit of Atlanta was founded. The corps was originally named \"Concourse\". A contest was held to find a new, more appropriate name, and \"Spirit of Atlanta\" was chosen. The corps was a DCI first in that it was sponsored by television station WXIA, making it the first corporate-sponsored drum corps. The founding director of the corps is Mr. Freddy Martin. With Freddy Martin as corps director, members were recruited. A program with no particular musical style was worked up, and Spirit of Atlanta was introduced to the drum corps public at contests in at least nine states in the South and Midwest. At the 1977 DCI World Championships in Denver, Spirit finished twenty-third of forty-five corps. A first year finish of twenty-third was respectable, but Spirit of Atlanta wanted more and an effort was made to secure the finest instructional staff possible. Two new caption heads were hired; brass head Jim Ott from the DCI Champion Blue Devils and percussion head Tom Float from Toronto's Oakland Crusaders, a corps renowned for their drumming. With these two hires,(along With Dave Bandy writing the drill,Russell Stanton teaching marching technique and cleaning, Patty Williams teaching flags and Margaret Ott teaching rifles) the core instructional group was in place which would take the corps to new heights.", "Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps The Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps is a competitive junior drum and bugle corps. Based in the Inland Empire of Southern California, the unit performed as City Sound Drum & Bugle Corps in Drum Corps International (DCI) competitions as an Open Class corps 2010\u201314. Reorganized as Vessel Drum & Bugle Corps, the group returned to competition in 2018. Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps is a partnership between Orange County Independent Ensembles and Los Angeles Youth Arts Organization. Los Angeles Youth Arts Organization was founded in June, 1997 by current director Nathaniel Lewis, Jr. as an indoor winter drum line called City Sound. His intent was to give teens and young adults from \"diverse cultures\" with performance opportunities lacking in many California schools. In 2010, the corps added a horn line and color guard to become a full drum and bugle corps, performing in Drum Corps International contests within California. In November 2012, City Sound's drumline was featured on the Disney Channel's Shake It Up. City Sound is a Boy Scouts \"Learning for Life\" Explorer Post and was awarded the Boy Scouts of America, Learning For Life, Character Education Quality Award for 2013. In 2013 and 2014, members of City Sound were able to receive college credit through California State University Dominguez Hills for marching in the corps for one season. In 2014, City Sound traveled out of their home state of California for the first time as a corps, competing at the Southwest Corps Connection in Mesa, Arizona. In May 2015, the corps announced that it would take the year off, since it had difficulty in recruiting a sufficient number of brass players. In 2017, Sean Cunningham, Director of Orange County Independent Ensembles and Nathaniel Lewis of Los Angeles Youth Arts Organization decided to partner in a new Drum and Bugle Corps known now as Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps..", "Blue Devils C Drum and Bugle Corps The Blue Devils \"C\" Drum and Bugle Corps (also known as \"BDC\") is an Open Class competitive junior drum and bugle corps. Based in Concord, California, the corps is a feeder corps for the World Class Blue Devils Drum and Bugle Corps and competes in Drum Corps International sanctioned shows. The Blue Devils organization began in 1957 as a drum and bell corps. In 1968, the original corps moved up from B Class competition to A Class, and the Blue Devils B was started as a younger, cadet corps. In 1973, the B corps followed the step that the A corps had taken three years before and converted from a drum and bell corps to a drum and bugle corps. At that time, the Blue Devils C was begun as a drum and bugle corps for even younger members. As a junior cadet corps, with members aged 8-16, the unit for many years performed only as a parade and exhibition unit, not entering actual competition. This changed when the corps began entering field competitions in 2001, but the corps still performs exclusively on the West Coast. They have attended the DCI World Championships only when that competition was held in Pasadena, California in 2007. The Blue Devils \"C\" Drum and Bugle Corps is one of three drum and bugle corps sponsored by BD Performing Arts, a 501 (c)(3) musical organization that has a Board of Directors, corps directors, and staff assigned to carry out the organization's mission. The Executive Director is Dave Gibbs, and Rick Odello is Corps Director. \"Source=\" \" Gold background indicates DCI Championship; pale blue background indicates DCI Class Finalist; pale green background indicates DCI semifinalist.\"", "Drum and bugle corps (classic) Classic (or \"Golden Age\") drum and bugle corps are musical ensembles that descended from military bugle and drum units returning from World War I and succeeding wars. Traditionally, drum and bugle corps served as signaling units as early as before the American Civil War, with these signaling units having descended in some fashion from ancient drum and fife corps. With the advent of the radio, bugle signaling units became obsolete and surplus equipment was sold to veteran organizations (such as the Veterans of Foreign Wars and American Legion, two major organizers for classic drum corps). These organizations formed drum and bugle corps of civilians and veterans, and the corps performed in community events and local celebrations. Over time, rivalries between corps emerged and the competitive drum and bugle corps circuit evolved. The term \"classic\" is used for the purposes of this article to differentiate it from modern drum and bugle corps, using the time period of the establishment of Drum Corps International as a dividing point in the timeline of the two types of drum and bugle corps. Modern drum and bugle corps are a continuation of the classic variety, for all intents and purposes, having the same origins, though some corps in the \"classic\" model do still exist. Traditionally, drum and bugle corps consisted of bell-front brass horns, field drums, a color guard, and an honor guard. Drum and bugle corps have often been mistaken for marching bands, since there is a similarity to both groups having horns and drums; and they are both essentially bands of musicians that march."], "answer": {"text": "Given that instrument-wielding members most often face toward the audience (for maximum sound projection), marching technique must not affect the rigidity of members' upper torsos.", "answer_start": 268}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_4404c822724f4b1ebeca495325ac8494_0_q#1", "question": "How rigid is their upper torso supposed to be?", "rewrite": "How rigid is Drum and bugle corps upper torso supposed to be?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Drum and bugle corps (classic) Classic (or \"Golden Age\") drum and bugle corps are musical ensembles that descended from military bugle and drum units returning from World War I and succeeding wars. Traditionally, drum and bugle corps served as signaling units as early as before the American Civil War, with these signaling units having descended in some fashion from ancient drum and fife corps. With the advent of the radio, bugle signaling units became obsolete and surplus equipment was sold to veteran organizations (such as the Veterans of Foreign Wars and American Legion, two major organizers for classic drum corps). These organizations formed drum and bugle corps of civilians and veterans, and the corps performed in community events and local celebrations. Over time, rivalries between corps emerged and the competitive drum and bugle corps circuit evolved. The term \"classic\" is used for the purposes of this article to differentiate it from modern drum and bugle corps, using the time period of the establishment of Drum Corps International as a dividing point in the timeline of the two types of drum and bugle corps. Modern drum and bugle corps are a continuation of the classic variety, for all intents and purposes, having the same origins, though some corps in the \"classic\" model do still exist. Traditionally, drum and bugle corps consisted of bell-front brass horns, field drums, a color guard, and an honor guard. Drum and bugle corps have often been mistaken for marching bands, since there is a similarity to both groups having horns and drums; and they are both essentially bands of musicians that march.", "Blue Devils C Drum and Bugle Corps The Blue Devils \"C\" Drum and Bugle Corps (also known as \"BDC\") is an Open Class competitive junior drum and bugle corps. Based in Concord, California, the corps is a feeder corps for the World Class Blue Devils Drum and Bugle Corps and competes in Drum Corps International sanctioned shows. The Blue Devils organization began in 1957 as a drum and bell corps. In 1968, the original corps moved up from B Class competition to A Class, and the Blue Devils B was started as a younger, cadet corps. In 1973, the B corps followed the step that the A corps had taken three years before and converted from a drum and bell corps to a drum and bugle corps. At that time, the Blue Devils C was begun as a drum and bugle corps for even younger members. As a junior cadet corps, with members aged 8-16, the unit for many years performed only as a parade and exhibition unit, not entering actual competition. This changed when the corps began entering field competitions in 2001, but the corps still performs exclusively on the West Coast. They have attended the DCI World Championships only when that competition was held in Pasadena, California in 2007. The Blue Devils \"C\" Drum and Bugle Corps is one of three drum and bugle corps sponsored by BD Performing Arts, a 501 (c)(3) musical organization that has a Board of Directors, corps directors, and staff assigned to carry out the organization's mission. The Executive Director is Dave Gibbs, and Rick Odello is Corps Director. \"Source=\" \" Gold background indicates DCI Championship; pale blue background indicates DCI Class Finalist; pale green background indicates DCI semifinalist.\"", "Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps The Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps is a competitive junior drum and bugle corps. Based in the Inland Empire of Southern California, the unit performed as City Sound Drum & Bugle Corps in Drum Corps International (DCI) competitions as an Open Class corps 2010\u201314. Reorganized as Vessel Drum & Bugle Corps, the group returned to competition in 2018. Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps is a partnership between Orange County Independent Ensembles and Los Angeles Youth Arts Organization. Los Angeles Youth Arts Organization was founded in June, 1997 by current director Nathaniel Lewis, Jr. as an indoor winter drum line called City Sound. His intent was to give teens and young adults from \"diverse cultures\" with performance opportunities lacking in many California schools. In 2010, the corps added a horn line and color guard to become a full drum and bugle corps, performing in Drum Corps International contests within California. In November 2012, City Sound's drumline was featured on the Disney Channel's Shake It Up. City Sound is a Boy Scouts \"Learning for Life\" Explorer Post and was awarded the Boy Scouts of America, Learning For Life, Character Education Quality Award for 2013. In 2013 and 2014, members of City Sound were able to receive college credit through California State University Dominguez Hills for marching in the corps for one season. In 2014, City Sound traveled out of their home state of California for the first time as a corps, competing at the Southwest Corps Connection in Mesa, Arizona. In May 2015, the corps announced that it would take the year off, since it had difficulty in recruiting a sufficient number of brass players. In 2017, Sean Cunningham, Director of Orange County Independent Ensembles and Nathaniel Lewis of Los Angeles Youth Arts Organization decided to partner in a new Drum and Bugle Corps known now as Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps..", "Truman Crawford Colonel Truman W. \"Tru\" Crawford (USMC) (April 1, 1934 \u2013 March 3, 2003) was a music arranger, composer, and conductor for drum and bugle corps. He was the long-time commander and director of \"The Commandant's Own,\" the United States Marine Drum and Bugle Corps after having previously served as musical director of the United States Air Force Drum and Bugle Corps. A native of Endicott, New York, Truman Crawford performed in a local fife and drum corps from the age of eight. He saw his first drum and bugle corps, the United States Air Force Drum and Bugle Corps of Bolling Air Force Base, Washington, D.C. while in high school. After graduating high school in 1953, Crawford auditioned for the Air Force corps and was accepted as a baritone bugler. He gained rapid promotion, becoming the unit's senior non-commissioned officer and musical director. As Glenn Miller had done with the Army Air Force Band during World War II, Crawford transformed the unit from a staid, martial music unit into a swinging, contemporary musical ensemble before the corps was disbanded in 1963. Leaving the Air Force after the drum corps' demise, Crawford moved to Chicago, where he went to work in a music store. He continued to write arrangements for drum corps, many of which he had begun his involvement with while in the Air Force. He worked especially closely with the Chicago Royal Airs Drum and Bugle Corps, which in 1965, playing Crawford's arrangements, became the only drum corps to win the American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, and Catholic Youth Organization National Championships in the same season. By 1967, Crawford was credited with writing arrangements performed by a great majority of the senior and junior drum and bugle corps in the United States, Canada, and Europe.", "Distant Thunder (marching band) Distant Thunder were a marching brass and percussion band (and latterly a drum corps) who competed in BYBA (British Youth Band Association) and Drum Corps Europe. They were based in Sharnbrook Upper School. The Corps have since merged with Equinox Drum and Bugle Corps in 2010 to form Nexus Drum & Bugle Corps. The band was originally formed in 1981 as Bedford and Kempston E flat drum and trumpet corps. In 1986, they were renamed the Buccaneers Drum and Bugle Corps before disbanding in 1999. The corps then reformed as Distant Thunder Show Corps in 1999 by John Dimmick, Paul Bishop and Richard Harding. Re-entering BYBA in Junior Class in the 2000 season , they grew in size and skill each season, winning DCE A-Class in 2004 and BYBA Division 2 in 2005. Moving to the highest class, Division 1, in 2006 the corps re-branded as a drum and bugle corps once again. In January 2010, the corps merged with Equinox Drum and Bugle Corps of Biggleswade to form Nexus Drum & Bugle Corps. Nexus Drum & Bugle Corps have since gone on to become 2010 Division 3 UK Champions. From toe to head, the marching member uniform from 2005 consisted of black shoes and socks followed by black trousers. The jacket was purple and white on each arm divided by a 90 degree black strip with a diamond in the middle and black gloves and gauntlets on the arms and hands. The diamond varied each year: 2005 - Silver 2006 - Black with either a white 0 or 1 (representing computer coding) 2007 - White with a black O and a green Z in the middle 2008 - Silver The headgear was a white plastic cowboy hat with a black fabric around the middle, a black plume and silver highlights."], "answer": {"text": "members of the battery, due to the nature of their equipment, must keep their entire bodies facing forward at all times.", "answer_start": 527}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Drum and bugle corps marching technique?", "answer": {"text": "Given that instrument-wielding members most often face toward the audience (for maximum sound projection), marching technique must not affect the rigidity of members' upper torsos.", "answer_start": 268, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4404c822724f4b1ebeca495325ac8494_0_q#2", "question": "What is another factor of their technique?", "rewrite": "What is another factor of Drum and bugle corps technique, aside from rigid upper bodies?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Blue Devils C Drum and Bugle Corps The Blue Devils \"C\" Drum and Bugle Corps (also known as \"BDC\") is an Open Class competitive junior drum and bugle corps. Based in Concord, California, the corps is a feeder corps for the World Class Blue Devils Drum and Bugle Corps and competes in Drum Corps International sanctioned shows. The Blue Devils organization began in 1957 as a drum and bell corps. In 1968, the original corps moved up from B Class competition to A Class, and the Blue Devils B was started as a younger, cadet corps. In 1973, the B corps followed the step that the A corps had taken three years before and converted from a drum and bell corps to a drum and bugle corps. At that time, the Blue Devils C was begun as a drum and bugle corps for even younger members. As a junior cadet corps, with members aged 8-16, the unit for many years performed only as a parade and exhibition unit, not entering actual competition. This changed when the corps began entering field competitions in 2001, but the corps still performs exclusively on the West Coast. They have attended the DCI World Championships only when that competition was held in Pasadena, California in 2007. The Blue Devils \"C\" Drum and Bugle Corps is one of three drum and bugle corps sponsored by BD Performing Arts, a 501 (c)(3) musical organization that has a Board of Directors, corps directors, and staff assigned to carry out the organization's mission. The Executive Director is Dave Gibbs, and Rick Odello is Corps Director. \"Source=\" \" Gold background indicates DCI Championship; pale blue background indicates DCI Class Finalist; pale green background indicates DCI semifinalist.\"", "Distant Thunder (marching band) Distant Thunder were a marching brass and percussion band (and latterly a drum corps) who competed in BYBA (British Youth Band Association) and Drum Corps Europe. They were based in Sharnbrook Upper School. The Corps have since merged with Equinox Drum and Bugle Corps in 2010 to form Nexus Drum & Bugle Corps. The band was originally formed in 1981 as Bedford and Kempston E flat drum and trumpet corps. In 1986, they were renamed the Buccaneers Drum and Bugle Corps before disbanding in 1999. The corps then reformed as Distant Thunder Show Corps in 1999 by John Dimmick, Paul Bishop and Richard Harding. Re-entering BYBA in Junior Class in the 2000 season , they grew in size and skill each season, winning DCE A-Class in 2004 and BYBA Division 2 in 2005. Moving to the highest class, Division 1, in 2006 the corps re-branded as a drum and bugle corps once again. In January 2010, the corps merged with Equinox Drum and Bugle Corps of Biggleswade to form Nexus Drum & Bugle Corps. Nexus Drum & Bugle Corps have since gone on to become 2010 Division 3 UK Champions. From toe to head, the marching member uniform from 2005 consisted of black shoes and socks followed by black trousers. The jacket was purple and white on each arm divided by a 90 degree black strip with a diamond in the middle and black gloves and gauntlets on the arms and hands. The diamond varied each year: 2005 - Silver 2006 - Black with either a white 0 or 1 (representing computer coding) 2007 - White with a black O and a green Z in the middle 2008 - Silver The headgear was a white plastic cowboy hat with a black fabric around the middle, a black plume and silver highlights.", "Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps The Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps is a competitive junior drum and bugle corps. Based in the Inland Empire of Southern California, the unit performed as City Sound Drum & Bugle Corps in Drum Corps International (DCI) competitions as an Open Class corps 2010\u201314. Reorganized as Vessel Drum & Bugle Corps, the group returned to competition in 2018. Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps is a partnership between Orange County Independent Ensembles and Los Angeles Youth Arts Organization. Los Angeles Youth Arts Organization was founded in June, 1997 by current director Nathaniel Lewis, Jr. as an indoor winter drum line called City Sound. His intent was to give teens and young adults from \"diverse cultures\" with performance opportunities lacking in many California schools. In 2010, the corps added a horn line and color guard to become a full drum and bugle corps, performing in Drum Corps International contests within California. In November 2012, City Sound's drumline was featured on the Disney Channel's Shake It Up. City Sound is a Boy Scouts \"Learning for Life\" Explorer Post and was awarded the Boy Scouts of America, Learning For Life, Character Education Quality Award for 2013. In 2013 and 2014, members of City Sound were able to receive college credit through California State University Dominguez Hills for marching in the corps for one season. In 2014, City Sound traveled out of their home state of California for the first time as a corps, competing at the Southwest Corps Connection in Mesa, Arizona. In May 2015, the corps announced that it would take the year off, since it had difficulty in recruiting a sufficient number of brass players. In 2017, Sean Cunningham, Director of Orange County Independent Ensembles and Nathaniel Lewis of Los Angeles Youth Arts Organization decided to partner in a new Drum and Bugle Corps known now as Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps..", "Drum and bugle corps (classic) Classic (or \"Golden Age\") drum and bugle corps are musical ensembles that descended from military bugle and drum units returning from World War I and succeeding wars. Traditionally, drum and bugle corps served as signaling units as early as before the American Civil War, with these signaling units having descended in some fashion from ancient drum and fife corps. With the advent of the radio, bugle signaling units became obsolete and surplus equipment was sold to veteran organizations (such as the Veterans of Foreign Wars and American Legion, two major organizers for classic drum corps). These organizations formed drum and bugle corps of civilians and veterans, and the corps performed in community events and local celebrations. Over time, rivalries between corps emerged and the competitive drum and bugle corps circuit evolved. The term \"classic\" is used for the purposes of this article to differentiate it from modern drum and bugle corps, using the time period of the establishment of Drum Corps International as a dividing point in the timeline of the two types of drum and bugle corps. Modern drum and bugle corps are a continuation of the classic variety, for all intents and purposes, having the same origins, though some corps in the \"classic\" model do still exist. Traditionally, drum and bugle corps consisted of bell-front brass horns, field drums, a color guard, and an honor guard. Drum and bugle corps have often been mistaken for marching bands, since there is a similarity to both groups having horns and drums; and they are both essentially bands of musicians that march.", "Santa Clara Vanguard Drum and Bugle Corps Santa Clara Vanguard Drum and Bugle Corps (also known as \"SCV\", \"Vanguard\", or just \"Santa Clara\") is a competitive drum and bugle corps. Based in Santa Clara, California, United States, the Santa Clara Vanguard is one of the thirteen founding member corps of Drum Corps International (DCI) and a DCI World Champion, having won the title for the seventh time in 2018. On the evening of March 6, 1967, citing differences of opinion in the artistic direction of the Sparks Drum & Bugle Corps, parents voted to disband the group and return to being a drum and bell corps with majorettes. After the vote, three dissident adults took concerned corps members aside and asked them if they would rather continue a drum and bugle corps instead of becoming a drum and bell corps. A new booster club was organized that night. Gail Royer, music instructor for the Sparks, was a local elementary music teacher and an American Legion judge. He would be the director for the new corps. The naming of the new corps had to wait until the kids met for rehearsal the next week. At that time, after discussing several possibilities, they settled on the name: Santa Clara Vanguard. One week later, the newly christened corps marched and won their first parade, San Francisco's St. Patrick's Day Parade. The big trip in 1967 was to Southern California to compete in the Anaheim Kingsmen's second annual Festival of Music. The corps placed fourth there (losing to the Diplomats by 0.15 points). Corps members had the opportunity to observe the U.S. Air Force Academy Drum & Bugle Corps for the first time that weekend, getting a taste of what was possible in the drum corps medium."], "answer": {"text": "Horn players may twist their lower bodies in their direction of movement, but members of the battery, due to the nature of their equipment,", "answer_start": 449}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Drum and bugle corps marching technique?", "answer": {"text": "Given that instrument-wielding members most often face toward the audience (for maximum sound projection), marching technique must not affect the rigidity of members' upper torsos.", "answer_start": 268, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How rigid is their upper torso supposed to be?", "answer": {"text": "members of the battery, due to the nature of their equipment, must keep their entire bodies facing forward at all times.", "answer_start": 527, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4404c822724f4b1ebeca495325ac8494_0_q#3", "question": "What are members of the battery supposed to do?", "rewrite": "What are members of the Drum and bugle corps battery supposed to do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Truman Crawford Colonel Truman W. \"Tru\" Crawford (USMC) (April 1, 1934 \u2013 March 3, 2003) was a music arranger, composer, and conductor for drum and bugle corps. He was the long-time commander and director of \"The Commandant's Own,\" the United States Marine Drum and Bugle Corps after having previously served as musical director of the United States Air Force Drum and Bugle Corps. A native of Endicott, New York, Truman Crawford performed in a local fife and drum corps from the age of eight. He saw his first drum and bugle corps, the United States Air Force Drum and Bugle Corps of Bolling Air Force Base, Washington, D.C. while in high school. After graduating high school in 1953, Crawford auditioned for the Air Force corps and was accepted as a baritone bugler. He gained rapid promotion, becoming the unit's senior non-commissioned officer and musical director. As Glenn Miller had done with the Army Air Force Band during World War II, Crawford transformed the unit from a staid, martial music unit into a swinging, contemporary musical ensemble before the corps was disbanded in 1963. Leaving the Air Force after the drum corps' demise, Crawford moved to Chicago, where he went to work in a music store. He continued to write arrangements for drum corps, many of which he had begun his involvement with while in the Air Force. He worked especially closely with the Chicago Royal Airs Drum and Bugle Corps, which in 1965, playing Crawford's arrangements, became the only drum corps to win the American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, and Catholic Youth Organization National Championships in the same season. By 1967, Crawford was credited with writing arrangements performed by a great majority of the senior and junior drum and bugle corps in the United States, Canada, and Europe.", "Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps The Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps is a competitive junior drum and bugle corps. Based in the Inland Empire of Southern California, the unit performed as City Sound Drum & Bugle Corps in Drum Corps International (DCI) competitions as an Open Class corps 2010\u201314. Reorganized as Vessel Drum & Bugle Corps, the group returned to competition in 2018. Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps is a partnership between Orange County Independent Ensembles and Los Angeles Youth Arts Organization. Los Angeles Youth Arts Organization was founded in June, 1997 by current director Nathaniel Lewis, Jr. as an indoor winter drum line called City Sound. His intent was to give teens and young adults from \"diverse cultures\" with performance opportunities lacking in many California schools. In 2010, the corps added a horn line and color guard to become a full drum and bugle corps, performing in Drum Corps International contests within California. In November 2012, City Sound's drumline was featured on the Disney Channel's Shake It Up. City Sound is a Boy Scouts \"Learning for Life\" Explorer Post and was awarded the Boy Scouts of America, Learning For Life, Character Education Quality Award for 2013. In 2013 and 2014, members of City Sound were able to receive college credit through California State University Dominguez Hills for marching in the corps for one season. In 2014, City Sound traveled out of their home state of California for the first time as a corps, competing at the Southwest Corps Connection in Mesa, Arizona. In May 2015, the corps announced that it would take the year off, since it had difficulty in recruiting a sufficient number of brass players. In 2017, Sean Cunningham, Director of Orange County Independent Ensembles and Nathaniel Lewis of Los Angeles Youth Arts Organization decided to partner in a new Drum and Bugle Corps known now as Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps..", "Drum and bugle corps (classic) Classic (or \"Golden Age\") drum and bugle corps are musical ensembles that descended from military bugle and drum units returning from World War I and succeeding wars. Traditionally, drum and bugle corps served as signaling units as early as before the American Civil War, with these signaling units having descended in some fashion from ancient drum and fife corps. With the advent of the radio, bugle signaling units became obsolete and surplus equipment was sold to veteran organizations (such as the Veterans of Foreign Wars and American Legion, two major organizers for classic drum corps). These organizations formed drum and bugle corps of civilians and veterans, and the corps performed in community events and local celebrations. Over time, rivalries between corps emerged and the competitive drum and bugle corps circuit evolved. The term \"classic\" is used for the purposes of this article to differentiate it from modern drum and bugle corps, using the time period of the establishment of Drum Corps International as a dividing point in the timeline of the two types of drum and bugle corps. Modern drum and bugle corps are a continuation of the classic variety, for all intents and purposes, having the same origins, though some corps in the \"classic\" model do still exist. Traditionally, drum and bugle corps consisted of bell-front brass horns, field drums, a color guard, and an honor guard. Drum and bugle corps have often been mistaken for marching bands, since there is a similarity to both groups having horns and drums; and they are both essentially bands of musicians that march.", "Distant Thunder (marching band) Distant Thunder were a marching brass and percussion band (and latterly a drum corps) who competed in BYBA (British Youth Band Association) and Drum Corps Europe. They were based in Sharnbrook Upper School. The Corps have since merged with Equinox Drum and Bugle Corps in 2010 to form Nexus Drum & Bugle Corps. The band was originally formed in 1981 as Bedford and Kempston E flat drum and trumpet corps. In 1986, they were renamed the Buccaneers Drum and Bugle Corps before disbanding in 1999. The corps then reformed as Distant Thunder Show Corps in 1999 by John Dimmick, Paul Bishop and Richard Harding. Re-entering BYBA in Junior Class in the 2000 season , they grew in size and skill each season, winning DCE A-Class in 2004 and BYBA Division 2 in 2005. Moving to the highest class, Division 1, in 2006 the corps re-branded as a drum and bugle corps once again. In January 2010, the corps merged with Equinox Drum and Bugle Corps of Biggleswade to form Nexus Drum & Bugle Corps. Nexus Drum & Bugle Corps have since gone on to become 2010 Division 3 UK Champions. From toe to head, the marching member uniform from 2005 consisted of black shoes and socks followed by black trousers. The jacket was purple and white on each arm divided by a 90 degree black strip with a diamond in the middle and black gloves and gauntlets on the arms and hands. The diamond varied each year: 2005 - Silver 2006 - Black with either a white 0 or 1 (representing computer coding) 2007 - White with a black O and a green Z in the middle 2008 - Silver The headgear was a white plastic cowboy hat with a black fabric around the middle, a black plume and silver highlights.", "Blue Devils C Drum and Bugle Corps The Blue Devils \"C\" Drum and Bugle Corps (also known as \"BDC\") is an Open Class competitive junior drum and bugle corps. Based in Concord, California, the corps is a feeder corps for the World Class Blue Devils Drum and Bugle Corps and competes in Drum Corps International sanctioned shows. The Blue Devils organization began in 1957 as a drum and bell corps. In 1968, the original corps moved up from B Class competition to A Class, and the Blue Devils B was started as a younger, cadet corps. In 1973, the B corps followed the step that the A corps had taken three years before and converted from a drum and bell corps to a drum and bugle corps. At that time, the Blue Devils C was begun as a drum and bugle corps for even younger members. As a junior cadet corps, with members aged 8-16, the unit for many years performed only as a parade and exhibition unit, not entering actual competition. This changed when the corps began entering field competitions in 2001, but the corps still performs exclusively on the West Coast. They have attended the DCI World Championships only when that competition was held in Pasadena, California in 2007. The Blue Devils \"C\" Drum and Bugle Corps is one of three drum and bugle corps sponsored by BD Performing Arts, a 501 (c)(3) musical organization that has a Board of Directors, corps directors, and staff assigned to carry out the organization's mission. The Executive Director is Dave Gibbs, and Rick Odello is Corps Director. \"Source=\" \" Gold background indicates DCI Championship; pale blue background indicates DCI Class Finalist; pale green background indicates DCI semifinalist.\""], "answer": {"text": "must keep their entire bodies facing forward at all times.", "answer_start": 589}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Drum and bugle corps marching technique?", "answer": {"text": "Given that instrument-wielding members most often face toward the audience (for maximum sound projection), marching technique must not affect the rigidity of members' upper torsos.", "answer_start": 268, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How rigid is their upper torso supposed to be?", "answer": {"text": "members of the battery, due to the nature of their equipment, must keep their entire bodies facing forward at all times.", "answer_start": 527, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is another factor of their technique?", "answer": {"text": "Horn players may twist their lower bodies in their direction of movement, but members of the battery, due to the nature of their equipment,", "answer_start": 449, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4404c822724f4b1ebeca495325ac8494_0_q#4", "question": "Why can horn players twist their bodies?", "rewrite": "Why can Drum and bugle corps horn players twist their bodies?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Distant Thunder (marching band) Distant Thunder were a marching brass and percussion band (and latterly a drum corps) who competed in BYBA (British Youth Band Association) and Drum Corps Europe. They were based in Sharnbrook Upper School. The Corps have since merged with Equinox Drum and Bugle Corps in 2010 to form Nexus Drum & Bugle Corps. The band was originally formed in 1981 as Bedford and Kempston E flat drum and trumpet corps. In 1986, they were renamed the Buccaneers Drum and Bugle Corps before disbanding in 1999. The corps then reformed as Distant Thunder Show Corps in 1999 by John Dimmick, Paul Bishop and Richard Harding. Re-entering BYBA in Junior Class in the 2000 season , they grew in size and skill each season, winning DCE A-Class in 2004 and BYBA Division 2 in 2005. Moving to the highest class, Division 1, in 2006 the corps re-branded as a drum and bugle corps once again. In January 2010, the corps merged with Equinox Drum and Bugle Corps of Biggleswade to form Nexus Drum & Bugle Corps. Nexus Drum & Bugle Corps have since gone on to become 2010 Division 3 UK Champions. From toe to head, the marching member uniform from 2005 consisted of black shoes and socks followed by black trousers. The jacket was purple and white on each arm divided by a 90 degree black strip with a diamond in the middle and black gloves and gauntlets on the arms and hands. The diamond varied each year: 2005 - Silver 2006 - Black with either a white 0 or 1 (representing computer coding) 2007 - White with a black O and a green Z in the middle 2008 - Silver The headgear was a white plastic cowboy hat with a black fabric around the middle, a black plume and silver highlights.", "Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps The Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps is a competitive junior drum and bugle corps. Based in the Inland Empire of Southern California, the unit performed as City Sound Drum & Bugle Corps in Drum Corps International (DCI) competitions as an Open Class corps 2010\u201314. Reorganized as Vessel Drum & Bugle Corps, the group returned to competition in 2018. Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps is a partnership between Orange County Independent Ensembles and Los Angeles Youth Arts Organization. Los Angeles Youth Arts Organization was founded in June, 1997 by current director Nathaniel Lewis, Jr. as an indoor winter drum line called City Sound. His intent was to give teens and young adults from \"diverse cultures\" with performance opportunities lacking in many California schools. In 2010, the corps added a horn line and color guard to become a full drum and bugle corps, performing in Drum Corps International contests within California. In November 2012, City Sound's drumline was featured on the Disney Channel's Shake It Up. City Sound is a Boy Scouts \"Learning for Life\" Explorer Post and was awarded the Boy Scouts of America, Learning For Life, Character Education Quality Award for 2013. In 2013 and 2014, members of City Sound were able to receive college credit through California State University Dominguez Hills for marching in the corps for one season. In 2014, City Sound traveled out of their home state of California for the first time as a corps, competing at the Southwest Corps Connection in Mesa, Arizona. In May 2015, the corps announced that it would take the year off, since it had difficulty in recruiting a sufficient number of brass players. In 2017, Sean Cunningham, Director of Orange County Independent Ensembles and Nathaniel Lewis of Los Angeles Youth Arts Organization decided to partner in a new Drum and Bugle Corps known now as Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps..", "Drum and bugle corps (classic) Classic (or \"Golden Age\") drum and bugle corps are musical ensembles that descended from military bugle and drum units returning from World War I and succeeding wars. Traditionally, drum and bugle corps served as signaling units as early as before the American Civil War, with these signaling units having descended in some fashion from ancient drum and fife corps. With the advent of the radio, bugle signaling units became obsolete and surplus equipment was sold to veteran organizations (such as the Veterans of Foreign Wars and American Legion, two major organizers for classic drum corps). These organizations formed drum and bugle corps of civilians and veterans, and the corps performed in community events and local celebrations. Over time, rivalries between corps emerged and the competitive drum and bugle corps circuit evolved. The term \"classic\" is used for the purposes of this article to differentiate it from modern drum and bugle corps, using the time period of the establishment of Drum Corps International as a dividing point in the timeline of the two types of drum and bugle corps. Modern drum and bugle corps are a continuation of the classic variety, for all intents and purposes, having the same origins, though some corps in the \"classic\" model do still exist. Traditionally, drum and bugle corps consisted of bell-front brass horns, field drums, a color guard, and an honor guard. Drum and bugle corps have often been mistaken for marching bands, since there is a similarity to both groups having horns and drums; and they are both essentially bands of musicians that march.", "Blue Devils C Drum and Bugle Corps The Blue Devils \"C\" Drum and Bugle Corps (also known as \"BDC\") is an Open Class competitive junior drum and bugle corps. Based in Concord, California, the corps is a feeder corps for the World Class Blue Devils Drum and Bugle Corps and competes in Drum Corps International sanctioned shows. The Blue Devils organization began in 1957 as a drum and bell corps. In 1968, the original corps moved up from B Class competition to A Class, and the Blue Devils B was started as a younger, cadet corps. In 1973, the B corps followed the step that the A corps had taken three years before and converted from a drum and bell corps to a drum and bugle corps. At that time, the Blue Devils C was begun as a drum and bugle corps for even younger members. As a junior cadet corps, with members aged 8-16, the unit for many years performed only as a parade and exhibition unit, not entering actual competition. This changed when the corps began entering field competitions in 2001, but the corps still performs exclusively on the West Coast. They have attended the DCI World Championships only when that competition was held in Pasadena, California in 2007. The Blue Devils \"C\" Drum and Bugle Corps is one of three drum and bugle corps sponsored by BD Performing Arts, a 501 (c)(3) musical organization that has a Board of Directors, corps directors, and staff assigned to carry out the organization's mission. The Executive Director is Dave Gibbs, and Rick Odello is Corps Director. \"Source=\" \" Gold background indicates DCI Championship; pale blue background indicates DCI Class Finalist; pale green background indicates DCI semifinalist.\"", "Truman Crawford Colonel Truman W. \"Tru\" Crawford (USMC) (April 1, 1934 \u2013 March 3, 2003) was a music arranger, composer, and conductor for drum and bugle corps. He was the long-time commander and director of \"The Commandant's Own,\" the United States Marine Drum and Bugle Corps after having previously served as musical director of the United States Air Force Drum and Bugle Corps. A native of Endicott, New York, Truman Crawford performed in a local fife and drum corps from the age of eight. He saw his first drum and bugle corps, the United States Air Force Drum and Bugle Corps of Bolling Air Force Base, Washington, D.C. while in high school. After graduating high school in 1953, Crawford auditioned for the Air Force corps and was accepted as a baritone bugler. He gained rapid promotion, becoming the unit's senior non-commissioned officer and musical director. As Glenn Miller had done with the Army Air Force Band during World War II, Crawford transformed the unit from a staid, martial music unit into a swinging, contemporary musical ensemble before the corps was disbanded in 1963. Leaving the Air Force after the drum corps' demise, Crawford moved to Chicago, where he went to work in a music store. He continued to write arrangements for drum corps, many of which he had begun his involvement with while in the Air Force. He worked especially closely with the Chicago Royal Airs Drum and Bugle Corps, which in 1965, playing Crawford's arrangements, became the only drum corps to win the American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, and Catholic Youth Organization National Championships in the same season. By 1967, Crawford was credited with writing arrangements performed by a great majority of the senior and junior drum and bugle corps in the United States, Canada, and Europe."], "answer": {"text": "This has led to the invention of the \"crab walk\" or oblique, where the legs cross over one another to facilitate sideways motion;", "answer_start": 648}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Drum and bugle corps marching technique?", "answer": {"text": "Given that instrument-wielding members most often face toward the audience (for maximum sound projection), marching technique must not affect the rigidity of members' upper torsos.", "answer_start": 268, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How rigid is their upper torso supposed to be?", "answer": {"text": "members of the battery, due to the nature of their equipment, must keep their entire bodies facing forward at all times.", "answer_start": 527, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is another factor of their technique?", "answer": {"text": "Horn players may twist their lower bodies in their direction of movement, but members of the battery, due to the nature of their equipment,", "answer_start": 449, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are members of the battery supposed to do?", "answer": {"text": "must keep their entire bodies facing forward at all times.", "answer_start": 589, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4404c822724f4b1ebeca495325ac8494_0_q#5", "question": "Does the whole group do the crab walk?", "rewrite": "Does the whole Drum and bugle corps group do the crab walk?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Blue Devils C Drum and Bugle Corps The Blue Devils \"C\" Drum and Bugle Corps (also known as \"BDC\") is an Open Class competitive junior drum and bugle corps. Based in Concord, California, the corps is a feeder corps for the World Class Blue Devils Drum and Bugle Corps and competes in Drum Corps International sanctioned shows. The Blue Devils organization began in 1957 as a drum and bell corps. In 1968, the original corps moved up from B Class competition to A Class, and the Blue Devils B was started as a younger, cadet corps. In 1973, the B corps followed the step that the A corps had taken three years before and converted from a drum and bell corps to a drum and bugle corps. At that time, the Blue Devils C was begun as a drum and bugle corps for even younger members. As a junior cadet corps, with members aged 8-16, the unit for many years performed only as a parade and exhibition unit, not entering actual competition. This changed when the corps began entering field competitions in 2001, but the corps still performs exclusively on the West Coast. They have attended the DCI World Championships only when that competition was held in Pasadena, California in 2007. The Blue Devils \"C\" Drum and Bugle Corps is one of three drum and bugle corps sponsored by BD Performing Arts, a 501 (c)(3) musical organization that has a Board of Directors, corps directors, and staff assigned to carry out the organization's mission. The Executive Director is Dave Gibbs, and Rick Odello is Corps Director. \"Source=\" \" Gold background indicates DCI Championship; pale blue background indicates DCI Class Finalist; pale green background indicates DCI semifinalist.\"", "Drum and bugle corps (classic) Classic (or \"Golden Age\") drum and bugle corps are musical ensembles that descended from military bugle and drum units returning from World War I and succeeding wars. Traditionally, drum and bugle corps served as signaling units as early as before the American Civil War, with these signaling units having descended in some fashion from ancient drum and fife corps. With the advent of the radio, bugle signaling units became obsolete and surplus equipment was sold to veteran organizations (such as the Veterans of Foreign Wars and American Legion, two major organizers for classic drum corps). These organizations formed drum and bugle corps of civilians and veterans, and the corps performed in community events and local celebrations. Over time, rivalries between corps emerged and the competitive drum and bugle corps circuit evolved. The term \"classic\" is used for the purposes of this article to differentiate it from modern drum and bugle corps, using the time period of the establishment of Drum Corps International as a dividing point in the timeline of the two types of drum and bugle corps. Modern drum and bugle corps are a continuation of the classic variety, for all intents and purposes, having the same origins, though some corps in the \"classic\" model do still exist. Traditionally, drum and bugle corps consisted of bell-front brass horns, field drums, a color guard, and an honor guard. Drum and bugle corps have often been mistaken for marching bands, since there is a similarity to both groups having horns and drums; and they are both essentially bands of musicians that march.", "Truman Crawford Colonel Truman W. \"Tru\" Crawford (USMC) (April 1, 1934 \u2013 March 3, 2003) was a music arranger, composer, and conductor for drum and bugle corps. He was the long-time commander and director of \"The Commandant's Own,\" the United States Marine Drum and Bugle Corps after having previously served as musical director of the United States Air Force Drum and Bugle Corps. A native of Endicott, New York, Truman Crawford performed in a local fife and drum corps from the age of eight. He saw his first drum and bugle corps, the United States Air Force Drum and Bugle Corps of Bolling Air Force Base, Washington, D.C. while in high school. After graduating high school in 1953, Crawford auditioned for the Air Force corps and was accepted as a baritone bugler. He gained rapid promotion, becoming the unit's senior non-commissioned officer and musical director. As Glenn Miller had done with the Army Air Force Band during World War II, Crawford transformed the unit from a staid, martial music unit into a swinging, contemporary musical ensemble before the corps was disbanded in 1963. Leaving the Air Force after the drum corps' demise, Crawford moved to Chicago, where he went to work in a music store. He continued to write arrangements for drum corps, many of which he had begun his involvement with while in the Air Force. He worked especially closely with the Chicago Royal Airs Drum and Bugle Corps, which in 1965, playing Crawford's arrangements, became the only drum corps to win the American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, and Catholic Youth Organization National Championships in the same season. By 1967, Crawford was credited with writing arrangements performed by a great majority of the senior and junior drum and bugle corps in the United States, Canada, and Europe.", "Distant Thunder (marching band) Distant Thunder were a marching brass and percussion band (and latterly a drum corps) who competed in BYBA (British Youth Band Association) and Drum Corps Europe. They were based in Sharnbrook Upper School. The Corps have since merged with Equinox Drum and Bugle Corps in 2010 to form Nexus Drum & Bugle Corps. The band was originally formed in 1981 as Bedford and Kempston E flat drum and trumpet corps. In 1986, they were renamed the Buccaneers Drum and Bugle Corps before disbanding in 1999. The corps then reformed as Distant Thunder Show Corps in 1999 by John Dimmick, Paul Bishop and Richard Harding. Re-entering BYBA in Junior Class in the 2000 season , they grew in size and skill each season, winning DCE A-Class in 2004 and BYBA Division 2 in 2005. Moving to the highest class, Division 1, in 2006 the corps re-branded as a drum and bugle corps once again. In January 2010, the corps merged with Equinox Drum and Bugle Corps of Biggleswade to form Nexus Drum & Bugle Corps. Nexus Drum & Bugle Corps have since gone on to become 2010 Division 3 UK Champions. From toe to head, the marching member uniform from 2005 consisted of black shoes and socks followed by black trousers. The jacket was purple and white on each arm divided by a 90 degree black strip with a diamond in the middle and black gloves and gauntlets on the arms and hands. The diamond varied each year: 2005 - Silver 2006 - Black with either a white 0 or 1 (representing computer coding) 2007 - White with a black O and a green Z in the middle 2008 - Silver The headgear was a white plastic cowboy hat with a black fabric around the middle, a black plume and silver highlights.", "Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps The Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps is a competitive junior drum and bugle corps. Based in the Inland Empire of Southern California, the unit performed as City Sound Drum & Bugle Corps in Drum Corps International (DCI) competitions as an Open Class corps 2010\u201314. Reorganized as Vessel Drum & Bugle Corps, the group returned to competition in 2018. Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps is a partnership between Orange County Independent Ensembles and Los Angeles Youth Arts Organization. Los Angeles Youth Arts Organization was founded in June, 1997 by current director Nathaniel Lewis, Jr. as an indoor winter drum line called City Sound. His intent was to give teens and young adults from \"diverse cultures\" with performance opportunities lacking in many California schools. In 2010, the corps added a horn line and color guard to become a full drum and bugle corps, performing in Drum Corps International contests within California. In November 2012, City Sound's drumline was featured on the Disney Channel's Shake It Up. City Sound is a Boy Scouts \"Learning for Life\" Explorer Post and was awarded the Boy Scouts of America, Learning For Life, Character Education Quality Award for 2013. In 2013 and 2014, members of City Sound were able to receive college credit through California State University Dominguez Hills for marching in the corps for one season. In 2014, City Sound traveled out of their home state of California for the first time as a corps, competing at the Southwest Corps Connection in Mesa, Arizona. In May 2015, the corps announced that it would take the year off, since it had difficulty in recruiting a sufficient number of brass players. In 2017, Sean Cunningham, Director of Orange County Independent Ensembles and Nathaniel Lewis of Los Angeles Youth Arts Organization decided to partner in a new Drum and Bugle Corps known now as Vessel Drum and Bugle Corps.."], "answer": {"text": "the technique is used mostly by battery, but in rare instances by the hornline.", "answer_start": 778}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Drum and bugle corps marching technique?", "answer": {"text": "Given that instrument-wielding members most often face toward the audience (for maximum sound projection), marching technique must not affect the rigidity of members' upper torsos.", "answer_start": 268, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How rigid is their upper torso supposed to be?", "answer": {"text": "members of the battery, due to the nature of their equipment, must keep their entire bodies facing forward at all times.", "answer_start": 527, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is another factor of their technique?", "answer": {"text": "Horn players may twist their lower bodies in their direction of movement, but members of the battery, due to the nature of their equipment,", "answer_start": 449, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are members of the battery supposed to do?", "answer": {"text": "must keep their entire bodies facing forward at all times.", "answer_start": 589, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why can horn players twist their bodies?", "answer": {"text": "This has led to the invention of the \"crab walk\" or oblique, where the legs cross over one another to facilitate sideways motion;", "answer_start": 648, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_164c25fb231f46edbd850485dd7afb37_1_q#0", "question": "How does the phrase \"going electric\" pertain to Bob Dylan?", "rewrite": "How does the phrase \"going electric\" pertain to Bob Dylan?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["If Not for You \"If Not for You\" is a song by Bob Dylan, recorded for his 1970 album \"New Morning\". Dylan recorded the album version in August 1970, having first recorded the song in a session with George Harrison on May 1 of that year. In addition to appearing on the album in October 1970, the August recording was released as a single in Europe; the May recording remained unreleased until its inclusion on \"The Bootleg Series Volumes 1\u20133 (Rare & Unreleased)\" in 1991. In November 1970, a month after Dylan's original had appeared, George Harrison released a version of the song on his triple album \"All Things Must Pass\". Another well-known cover of the song was recorded by Olivia Newton-John, who had the only US charting version of the song, in 1971. Bob Dylan recorded \"If Not for You\" for his album \"New Morning\", on August 12, 1970. The song was released as a single in Europe. It was later included on the Dylan compilations \"Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Vol. II\" (1971), \"Masterpieces\" (1978), \"Biograph\" (1985), \"The Essential Bob Dylan\" (2000), \"The Very Best of Bob Dylan\" (2000), \"Best of Bob Dylan Vols 1 & 2\" (2001), \" Greatest Hits Vol 1\u20133\" (2003), \"The Best of Bob Dylan\" (2005), \"Dylan\" (2007), \"Playlist: The Very Best of Bob Dylan '70s\" (2009), and \"The Real...\" (2012), as well as on the various artist compilation \"The Best Year of My Life: 1970\" (2011).", "Bob Dylan World Tour 1966 The Bob Dylan World Tour 1966 was a concert tour undertaken by American musician Bob Dylan, from February to May 1966. Dylan's 1966 World Tour was notable as the first tour\u2014actually a continuation of his late 1965 U.S. tour\u2014where Dylan employed an electric band backing him, following his \"going electric\" at the 1965 Newport Folk Festival. The musicians Dylan employed as his backing band were known as The Hawks; they subsequently became famous as The Band. The 1966 tour was filmed by director D. A. Pennebaker. Pennebaker's footage was edited by Dylan and Howard Alk to produce a little-seen film, \" Eat the Document\", an anarchic account of the tour. Drummer Mickey Jones also filmed the tour with an 8mm home movie camera. Many of the 1966 tour concerts were recorded by Columbia Records. These recordings produced two official albums, the so-called and in 2016, \"The Real Royal Albert Hall Concert\", as well as \"The 1966 Live Recordings\", a 36 CD box set of every recorded concert from the 1966 tour. There are also many unofficial bootleg recordings of the tour. Dylan's 1966 Tour ended with his motorcycle accident late on Friday afternoon, July 29, 1966. Subsequent to Dylan's withdrawal to Woodstock, he refrained from undertaking a major tour until 1974. As Dylan finished the sessions for his 1965 \"Positively 4th Street\" single, he wanted to reproduce on-stage the same sound that he had polished in the studio. He soon began to gather a pick-up band, with several musicians, such as bassist Harvey Brooks and organist Al Kooper, that had played during the sessions for \"Highway 61 Revisited\". However, the bulk of the players came from Ronnie Hawkins' former backing group, Levon and the Hawks.", "Song for Bob Dylan \"Song for Bob Dylan\" is a song written by David Bowie for his 1971 album \"Hunky Dory\". The song parodies Bob Dylan's 1962 homage to Woody Guthrie, \"Song to Woody\". Yet while Dylan opens with \"Hey, hey, Woody Guthrie, I wrote you a song,\" Bowie addresses Dylan by his birth name saying, \"Now, hear this, Robert Zimmerman, I wrote a song for you.\" In the song, Bowie also describes Bob Dylan's voice \"like sand and glue\" which is similar to how Joyce Carol Oates described it upon first hearing Dylan: \"When we first heard this raw, very young, and seemingly untrained voice, frankly nasal, as if sandpaper could sing, the effect was dramatic and electrifying.\" Bowie premiered \"Song for Bob Dylan\" on 3 June 1971 during a BBC concert session, with George Underwood (King Bees band mate and school friend) singing lead vocals. During broadcast, Bowie introduced the song as \"Song for Bob Dylan \u2013 Here She Comes. \" The song was first recorded at Trident Studios for \"Hunky Dory\" on 8 June 1971, with Bowie singing lead vocals and the title changed to \"Song for Bob Dylan. \" During the \"Hunky Dory\" sessions the song went through numerous rejected retakes, with the final version recorded on 6 August. When asked about the song at the time of \"Hunky Dory\"s release, Bowie said, \"This is how some see BD.\" Bowie later revealed his true intention for writing the song in a 1976 \"Melody Maker\" interview saying, While there is debate as to whether the tribute to Bob Dylan is a eulogy or a \"harangue\", Bowie invokes Dylan-esque musical progressions in \"Song for Bob Dylan.", "All I Really Want to Do \"All I Really Want to Do\" is a song written by Bob Dylan and featured on his Tom Wilson-produced 1964 album, \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\" (\"see\" 1964 in music). It is arguably one of the most popular songs that Dylan wrote in the period immediately after he abandoned topical songwriting. Within a year of its release on \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\", it had also become one of Dylan's most familiar songs to pop and rock audiences, due to hit cover versions by Cher and the Byrds. \"All I Really Want to Do\" was first released on Dylan's 1964 album \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\". The song was also included on the Dylan compilations \"Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Vol. II\" in 1971 and the 3-disc edition of \"Dylan\" in 2007. In addition, two live versions of the song have been released: one, recorded in 1978, on \"Bob Dylan at Budokan\" and the other, recorded in 1964, on \"\". Dylan wrote the song in 1964 and recorded it in one take on June 9, 1964. Like other songs on \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\", \"All I Really Want to Do\" was inspired by Dylan's breakup with Suze Rotolo. \"All I Really Want to Do\" opens the album with a different attitude than Dylan's previous album, \" The Times They Are a-Changin'\"; a playful song about a relationship rather than a finger-pointing political song. Musically simple, though playful, \"All I Really Want to Do\" is essentially a list of things, physical and psychological, that Dylan does not want to do or be to the listener (perhaps a woman, but just as likely his audience as a whole).", "The Bootleg Series Vol. 13 : Trouble No More 1979\u20131981 The Bootleg Series Vol. 13 : Trouble No More 1979\u20131981 is a set of recordings from 1979 to 1981 by Bob Dylan that showcases the music he wrote and performed during his born-again Christian period, covered in the studio albums \"Slow Train Coming\", \"Saved\" and \"Shot of Love\". The 11th installment in the Bob Dylan Bootleg Series, it was released by Legacy Records on November 3, 2017, and is available in three versions: a two-disc set common to the rest of the series after the first three volumes; a four-LP album version of the standard set; and a nine-disc deluxe version with one disc a DVD. A two-disc bonus set was available initially with the deluxe version, and the standard two-disc set comprises the material on the first two discs of the deluxe set. In late 1978, Dylan became a Christian. He soon began to write Christian-themed and explicitly Christian songs, which appeared on \"Slow Train Coming\" (1979), \"Saved\" (1980), and portions of \"Shot of Love\" (1981). Their religious sentiments baffled segments of Dylan's fanbase\u2014just as Dylan's \"going electric\" had alienated folk purists in 1965. \" Trouble No More\" consists mostly of live recordings from this era, plus unreleased session demos and outtakes from recording sessions for the three studio albums he recorded in the period. On September 20, 2017, the song \"When You Gonna Wake Up (Oslo, Norway - July 9, 1981)\" was published on Dylan's YouTube channel. It was the first single from the set, which was released in a number of different editions and media formats."], "answer": {"text": "appearing, unexpectedly, with an electric guitar.", "answer_start": 1542}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_164c25fb231f46edbd850485dd7afb37_1_q#1", "question": "When did this first occur?", "rewrite": "When did Bob Dylan appearance occur?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Gotta Serve Somebody: The Gospel Songs of Bob Dylan Gotta Serve Somebody: The Gospel Songs of Bob Dylan is a tribute album independently produced by Jeffrey Gaskill of Burning Rose Productions, Ltd. and released under license on the Sony/Columbia label in 2003. The compilation features traditional and contemporary gospel singers performing songs written by Bob Dylan during his \"born again\" period (1979\u201381). Five songs on the album had originally appeared in Dylan's own performances on his first Christian album, \"Slow Train Coming\", and six songs had appeared on his second, \"Saved\". There are none taken from his third and last album from this period, \"Shot of Love\". Dylan himself performs on the album in a duet with Mavis Staples of \"Gonna Change My Way of Thinking,\" which Dylan completely re-wrote and prefaced by some humorous banter between the two. He opened 40 concerts with the new alternate version in the USA, Europe, Asia, Australia and Israel between 2009 and 2011. \"Gotta Serve Somebody\" was Grammy nominated for Best Traditional Soul Gospel Album and also Best Pop Collaboration With Vocals for the Bob Dylan and Mavis Staples duet but neither of the prizes was won. \" The New York Times\" called the record \"The best African-American covers of Dylan songs since Jimi Hendrix.\" The companion documentary DVD on Image Entertainment premieres 1980 archival footage of Bob Dylan performing \" When He Returns\" and features interviews with Dylan musicians: Jim Keltner, Spooner Oldham, Regina McCrary, Fred Tackett, Terry Young, Mona Lisa Young and producer Jerry Wexler. The documentary DVD won Gold Medal for Excellence Audience Choice for Best Music Documentary at Park City Film Music Festival. All songs by Bob Dylan, except \"Saved,\" written by Bob Dylan and Tim Drummond. \"When You Gonna Wake Up\" additional lyrics by Lee Williams. Executive Producer Jeffrey Gaskill<", "All I Really Want to Do \"All I Really Want to Do\" is a song written by Bob Dylan and featured on his Tom Wilson-produced 1964 album, \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\" (\"see\" 1964 in music). It is arguably one of the most popular songs that Dylan wrote in the period immediately after he abandoned topical songwriting. Within a year of its release on \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\", it had also become one of Dylan's most familiar songs to pop and rock audiences, due to hit cover versions by Cher and the Byrds. \"All I Really Want to Do\" was first released on Dylan's 1964 album \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\". The song was also included on the Dylan compilations \"Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Vol. II\" in 1971 and the 3-disc edition of \"Dylan\" in 2007. In addition, two live versions of the song have been released: one, recorded in 1978, on \"Bob Dylan at Budokan\" and the other, recorded in 1964, on \"\". Dylan wrote the song in 1964 and recorded it in one take on June 9, 1964. Like other songs on \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\", \"All I Really Want to Do\" was inspired by Dylan's breakup with Suze Rotolo. \"All I Really Want to Do\" opens the album with a different attitude than Dylan's previous album, \" The Times They Are a-Changin'\"; a playful song about a relationship rather than a finger-pointing political song. Musically simple, though playful, \"All I Really Want to Do\" is essentially a list of things, physical and psychological, that Dylan does not want to do or be to the listener (perhaps a woman, but just as likely his audience as a whole).", "Song for Bob Dylan \"Song for Bob Dylan\" is a song written by David Bowie for his 1971 album \"Hunky Dory\". The song parodies Bob Dylan's 1962 homage to Woody Guthrie, \"Song to Woody\". Yet while Dylan opens with \"Hey, hey, Woody Guthrie, I wrote you a song,\" Bowie addresses Dylan by his birth name saying, \"Now, hear this, Robert Zimmerman, I wrote a song for you.\" In the song, Bowie also describes Bob Dylan's voice \"like sand and glue\" which is similar to how Joyce Carol Oates described it upon first hearing Dylan: \"When we first heard this raw, very young, and seemingly untrained voice, frankly nasal, as if sandpaper could sing, the effect was dramatic and electrifying.\" Bowie premiered \"Song for Bob Dylan\" on 3 June 1971 during a BBC concert session, with George Underwood (King Bees band mate and school friend) singing lead vocals. During broadcast, Bowie introduced the song as \"Song for Bob Dylan \u2013 Here She Comes. \" The song was first recorded at Trident Studios for \"Hunky Dory\" on 8 June 1971, with Bowie singing lead vocals and the title changed to \"Song for Bob Dylan. \" During the \"Hunky Dory\" sessions the song went through numerous rejected retakes, with the final version recorded on 6 August. When asked about the song at the time of \"Hunky Dory\"s release, Bowie said, \"This is how some see BD.\" Bowie later revealed his true intention for writing the song in a 1976 \"Melody Maker\" interview saying, While there is debate as to whether the tribute to Bob Dylan is a eulogy or a \"harangue\", Bowie invokes Dylan-esque musical progressions in \"Song for Bob Dylan.", "If Not for You \"If Not for You\" is a song by Bob Dylan, recorded for his 1970 album \"New Morning\". Dylan recorded the album version in August 1970, having first recorded the song in a session with George Harrison on May 1 of that year. In addition to appearing on the album in October 1970, the August recording was released as a single in Europe; the May recording remained unreleased until its inclusion on \"The Bootleg Series Volumes 1\u20133 (Rare & Unreleased)\" in 1991. In November 1970, a month after Dylan's original had appeared, George Harrison released a version of the song on his triple album \"All Things Must Pass\". Another well-known cover of the song was recorded by Olivia Newton-John, who had the only US charting version of the song, in 1971. Bob Dylan recorded \"If Not for You\" for his album \"New Morning\", on August 12, 1970. The song was released as a single in Europe. It was later included on the Dylan compilations \"Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Vol. II\" (1971), \"Masterpieces\" (1978), \"Biograph\" (1985), \"The Essential Bob Dylan\" (2000), \"The Very Best of Bob Dylan\" (2000), \"Best of Bob Dylan Vols 1 & 2\" (2001), \" Greatest Hits Vol 1\u20133\" (2003), \"The Best of Bob Dylan\" (2005), \"Dylan\" (2007), \"Playlist: The Very Best of Bob Dylan '70s\" (2009), and \"The Real...\" (2012), as well as on the various artist compilation \"The Best Year of My Life: 1970\" (2011).", "Bob Dylan's Blues \"Bob Dylan's Blues\" is a song written by Bob Dylan and released in 1963 on the album \" The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan\". A tribute song for Bob Dylan was written by Jim Savarino and appears on his album \"Don't Let The World Get You Down\", released in 2002. The song was used on the Bob Dylan Radio Hour on Sirius Satellite Radio to introduce a show consisting of covers of Dylan songs by various artists. \"Bob Dylan's Blues\" was recorded on July 9, 1962, during the third \"Freewheelin\"' session. Dylan recorded several new compositions that day, including \"Blowin' in the Wind\", a song he had already performed live but had yet to record in the studio. Other tracks recorded during the session included \"Down the Highway,\" and \"Honey, Just Allow Me One More Chance\". Master takes of the four songs were selected and set aside for the final album. Dylan later recorded the song as a demo for his music publisher, M. Witmark & Sons. This version, taped in April 1963 at Witmark's studio, was officially released in October 2010 on \"\"."], "answer": {"text": "Dylan had appeared at Newport in 1963 and 1964, but in 1965 met with cheering and booing and left the stage after three songs.", "answer_start": 1334}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How does the phrase \"going electric\" pertain to Bob Dylan?", "answer": {"text": "appearing, unexpectedly, with an electric guitar.", "answer_start": 1542, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_164c25fb231f46edbd850485dd7afb37_1_q#2", "question": "Why were people booing?", "rewrite": "Why were people booing at Bob Dylan?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["All I Really Want to Do \"All I Really Want to Do\" is a song written by Bob Dylan and featured on his Tom Wilson-produced 1964 album, \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\" (\"see\" 1964 in music). It is arguably one of the most popular songs that Dylan wrote in the period immediately after he abandoned topical songwriting. Within a year of its release on \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\", it had also become one of Dylan's most familiar songs to pop and rock audiences, due to hit cover versions by Cher and the Byrds. \"All I Really Want to Do\" was first released on Dylan's 1964 album \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\". The song was also included on the Dylan compilations \"Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Vol. II\" in 1971 and the 3-disc edition of \"Dylan\" in 2007. In addition, two live versions of the song have been released: one, recorded in 1978, on \"Bob Dylan at Budokan\" and the other, recorded in 1964, on \"\". Dylan wrote the song in 1964 and recorded it in one take on June 9, 1964. Like other songs on \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\", \"All I Really Want to Do\" was inspired by Dylan's breakup with Suze Rotolo. \"All I Really Want to Do\" opens the album with a different attitude than Dylan's previous album, \" The Times They Are a-Changin'\"; a playful song about a relationship rather than a finger-pointing political song. Musically simple, though playful, \"All I Really Want to Do\" is essentially a list of things, physical and psychological, that Dylan does not want to do or be to the listener (perhaps a woman, but just as likely his audience as a whole).", "If Not for You \"If Not for You\" is a song by Bob Dylan, recorded for his 1970 album \"New Morning\". Dylan recorded the album version in August 1970, having first recorded the song in a session with George Harrison on May 1 of that year. In addition to appearing on the album in October 1970, the August recording was released as a single in Europe; the May recording remained unreleased until its inclusion on \"The Bootleg Series Volumes 1\u20133 (Rare & Unreleased)\" in 1991. In November 1970, a month after Dylan's original had appeared, George Harrison released a version of the song on his triple album \"All Things Must Pass\". Another well-known cover of the song was recorded by Olivia Newton-John, who had the only US charting version of the song, in 1971. Bob Dylan recorded \"If Not for You\" for his album \"New Morning\", on August 12, 1970. The song was released as a single in Europe. It was later included on the Dylan compilations \"Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Vol. II\" (1971), \"Masterpieces\" (1978), \"Biograph\" (1985), \"The Essential Bob Dylan\" (2000), \"The Very Best of Bob Dylan\" (2000), \"Best of Bob Dylan Vols 1 & 2\" (2001), \" Greatest Hits Vol 1\u20133\" (2003), \"The Best of Bob Dylan\" (2005), \"Dylan\" (2007), \"Playlist: The Very Best of Bob Dylan '70s\" (2009), and \"The Real...\" (2012), as well as on the various artist compilation \"The Best Year of My Life: 1970\" (2011).", "A third guy gets up and says 'I was there, and there was no question, it was the audience that was booing and there was no booing from the stage'. It was fascinating. People remember hearing what they thought they should hear. I think they were definitely booing Dylan and a little bit Pete Yarrow because he was so flustered. He was not expecting that audience's reaction and he was concerned about Bob\u2019s image since they were part of the same family of artists through Al Grossman. But I absolutely think that they were booing Dylan going electric.\" Dylan appears to have believed the booing represented disapproval of his new sound. Interviewed in San Francisco, on December 3, 1965, Dylan was asked whether he was \"surprised the first time the boos came?\" He responded: \"That was at Newport. Well, I did this very crazy thing, I didn't know what was going to happen, but they certainly booed, I'll tell you that. You could hear it all over the place... I mean, they must be pretty rich, to be able to go some place and boo. I couldn't afford it if I was in their shoes.\" In July 2012, an episode of the PBS series \"History Detectives\" recounted the story of New Jersey resident Dawn Peterson, who claimed the Fender Stratocaster Dylan played at Newport was in her possession. She explained that Dylan had left the guitar on a plane piloted by her father, Victor Quinto, in 1965. In the program, vintage-instrument specialist Andy Babiuk is convinced the guitar in question is the one played at Newport. Lyrics of songs in the guitar case are identified as Dylan's work by Dylan memorabilia collector Jeff Gold.", "Song for Bob Dylan \"Song for Bob Dylan\" is a song written by David Bowie for his 1971 album \"Hunky Dory\". The song parodies Bob Dylan's 1962 homage to Woody Guthrie, \"Song to Woody\". Yet while Dylan opens with \"Hey, hey, Woody Guthrie, I wrote you a song,\" Bowie addresses Dylan by his birth name saying, \"Now, hear this, Robert Zimmerman, I wrote a song for you.\" In the song, Bowie also describes Bob Dylan's voice \"like sand and glue\" which is similar to how Joyce Carol Oates described it upon first hearing Dylan: \"When we first heard this raw, very young, and seemingly untrained voice, frankly nasal, as if sandpaper could sing, the effect was dramatic and electrifying.\" Bowie premiered \"Song for Bob Dylan\" on 3 June 1971 during a BBC concert session, with George Underwood (King Bees band mate and school friend) singing lead vocals. During broadcast, Bowie introduced the song as \"Song for Bob Dylan \u2013 Here She Comes. \" The song was first recorded at Trident Studios for \"Hunky Dory\" on 8 June 1971, with Bowie singing lead vocals and the title changed to \"Song for Bob Dylan. \" During the \"Hunky Dory\" sessions the song went through numerous rejected retakes, with the final version recorded on 6 August. When asked about the song at the time of \"Hunky Dory\"s release, Bowie said, \"This is how some see BD.\" Bowie later revealed his true intention for writing the song in a 1976 \"Melody Maker\" interview saying, While there is debate as to whether the tribute to Bob Dylan is a eulogy or a \"harangue\", Bowie invokes Dylan-esque musical progressions in \"Song for Bob Dylan.", "I've heard recently a recording of that night, and it doesn't sound to me like booing so much as a roar, just a kind of general hubbub between songs, and during Yarrow's attempt to get Dylan back on stage... I really wouldn't be prepared to say it was 50\u201350, or two thirds/one third, or whatever. But I think that there was a segment of the audience, somewhere between a quarter and a half, that was dismayed or horrified or varying degrees of unhappy about what he was doing.\" In 2007, documentary director Murray Lerner released on DVD his complete footage of Dylan's three appearances at Newport: \"The Other Side of the Mirror: Bob Dylan Live at the Newport Folk Festival 1963\u20131965\". When interviewed by \"Mojo\" magazine, Lerner was asked: \"There\u2019s been a lot of debate over the years as to who exactly was doing the booing and who were they booing? Dylan? The organizers? The shortness of the set?\" Lerner replied: \"It's a good question. When we showed the film at The New York Film Festival [in October 2007] one kid gets up and says, 'About this booing... I was sitting right in front of the stage, there was no booing in the audience whatsoever. There was booing from the performers'. So I said, Well, I don't think you're right. Then another kid gets up and says 'I was a little further back and it was the press section that was booing, not the audience', and I said, Well, I don't think you're right."], "answer": {"text": "One version has it that the boos were from folk fans whom Dylan had alienated by appearing, unexpectedly, with an electric guitar.", "answer_start": 1461}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How does the phrase \"going electric\" pertain to Bob Dylan?", "answer": {"text": "appearing, unexpectedly, with an electric guitar.", "answer_start": 1542, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did this first occur?", "answer": {"text": "Dylan had appeared at Newport in 1963 and 1964, but in 1965 met with cheering and booing and left the stage after three songs.", "answer_start": 1334, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_164c25fb231f46edbd850485dd7afb37_1_q#3", "question": "What is another version of the event?", "rewrite": "What is another version of Bob Dylan appearance?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["All I Really Want to Do \"All I Really Want to Do\" is a song written by Bob Dylan and featured on his Tom Wilson-produced 1964 album, \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\" (\"see\" 1964 in music). It is arguably one of the most popular songs that Dylan wrote in the period immediately after he abandoned topical songwriting. Within a year of its release on \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\", it had also become one of Dylan's most familiar songs to pop and rock audiences, due to hit cover versions by Cher and the Byrds. \"All I Really Want to Do\" was first released on Dylan's 1964 album \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\". The song was also included on the Dylan compilations \"Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Vol. II\" in 1971 and the 3-disc edition of \"Dylan\" in 2007. In addition, two live versions of the song have been released: one, recorded in 1978, on \"Bob Dylan at Budokan\" and the other, recorded in 1964, on \"\". Dylan wrote the song in 1964 and recorded it in one take on June 9, 1964. Like other songs on \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\", \"All I Really Want to Do\" was inspired by Dylan's breakup with Suze Rotolo. \"All I Really Want to Do\" opens the album with a different attitude than Dylan's previous album, \" The Times They Are a-Changin'\"; a playful song about a relationship rather than a finger-pointing political song. Musically simple, though playful, \"All I Really Want to Do\" is essentially a list of things, physical and psychological, that Dylan does not want to do or be to the listener (perhaps a woman, but just as likely his audience as a whole).", "If Not for You \"If Not for You\" is a song by Bob Dylan, recorded for his 1970 album \"New Morning\". Dylan recorded the album version in August 1970, having first recorded the song in a session with George Harrison on May 1 of that year. In addition to appearing on the album in October 1970, the August recording was released as a single in Europe; the May recording remained unreleased until its inclusion on \"The Bootleg Series Volumes 1\u20133 (Rare & Unreleased)\" in 1991. In November 1970, a month after Dylan's original had appeared, George Harrison released a version of the song on his triple album \"All Things Must Pass\". Another well-known cover of the song was recorded by Olivia Newton-John, who had the only US charting version of the song, in 1971. Bob Dylan recorded \"If Not for You\" for his album \"New Morning\", on August 12, 1970. The song was released as a single in Europe. It was later included on the Dylan compilations \"Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Vol. II\" (1971), \"Masterpieces\" (1978), \"Biograph\" (1985), \"The Essential Bob Dylan\" (2000), \"The Very Best of Bob Dylan\" (2000), \"Best of Bob Dylan Vols 1 & 2\" (2001), \" Greatest Hits Vol 1\u20133\" (2003), \"The Best of Bob Dylan\" (2005), \"Dylan\" (2007), \"Playlist: The Very Best of Bob Dylan '70s\" (2009), and \"The Real...\" (2012), as well as on the various artist compilation \"The Best Year of My Life: 1970\" (2011).", "Gotta Serve Somebody: The Gospel Songs of Bob Dylan Gotta Serve Somebody: The Gospel Songs of Bob Dylan is a tribute album independently produced by Jeffrey Gaskill of Burning Rose Productions, Ltd. and released under license on the Sony/Columbia label in 2003. The compilation features traditional and contemporary gospel singers performing songs written by Bob Dylan during his \"born again\" period (1979\u201381). Five songs on the album had originally appeared in Dylan's own performances on his first Christian album, \"Slow Train Coming\", and six songs had appeared on his second, \"Saved\". There are none taken from his third and last album from this period, \"Shot of Love\". Dylan himself performs on the album in a duet with Mavis Staples of \"Gonna Change My Way of Thinking,\" which Dylan completely re-wrote and prefaced by some humorous banter between the two. He opened 40 concerts with the new alternate version in the USA, Europe, Asia, Australia and Israel between 2009 and 2011. \"Gotta Serve Somebody\" was Grammy nominated for Best Traditional Soul Gospel Album and also Best Pop Collaboration With Vocals for the Bob Dylan and Mavis Staples duet but neither of the prizes was won. \" The New York Times\" called the record \"The best African-American covers of Dylan songs since Jimi Hendrix.\" The companion documentary DVD on Image Entertainment premieres 1980 archival footage of Bob Dylan performing \" When He Returns\" and features interviews with Dylan musicians: Jim Keltner, Spooner Oldham, Regina McCrary, Fred Tackett, Terry Young, Mona Lisa Young and producer Jerry Wexler. The documentary DVD won Gold Medal for Excellence Audience Choice for Best Music Documentary at Park City Film Music Festival. All songs by Bob Dylan, except \"Saved,\" written by Bob Dylan and Tim Drummond. \"When You Gonna Wake Up\" additional lyrics by Lee Williams. Executive Producer Jeffrey Gaskill<", "Song for Bob Dylan \"Song for Bob Dylan\" is a song written by David Bowie for his 1971 album \"Hunky Dory\". The song parodies Bob Dylan's 1962 homage to Woody Guthrie, \"Song to Woody\". Yet while Dylan opens with \"Hey, hey, Woody Guthrie, I wrote you a song,\" Bowie addresses Dylan by his birth name saying, \"Now, hear this, Robert Zimmerman, I wrote a song for you.\" In the song, Bowie also describes Bob Dylan's voice \"like sand and glue\" which is similar to how Joyce Carol Oates described it upon first hearing Dylan: \"When we first heard this raw, very young, and seemingly untrained voice, frankly nasal, as if sandpaper could sing, the effect was dramatic and electrifying.\" Bowie premiered \"Song for Bob Dylan\" on 3 June 1971 during a BBC concert session, with George Underwood (King Bees band mate and school friend) singing lead vocals. During broadcast, Bowie introduced the song as \"Song for Bob Dylan \u2013 Here She Comes. \" The song was first recorded at Trident Studios for \"Hunky Dory\" on 8 June 1971, with Bowie singing lead vocals and the title changed to \"Song for Bob Dylan. \" During the \"Hunky Dory\" sessions the song went through numerous rejected retakes, with the final version recorded on 6 August. When asked about the song at the time of \"Hunky Dory\"s release, Bowie said, \"This is how some see BD.\" Bowie later revealed his true intention for writing the song in a 1976 \"Melody Maker\" interview saying, While there is debate as to whether the tribute to Bob Dylan is a eulogy or a \"harangue\", Bowie invokes Dylan-esque musical progressions in \"Song for Bob Dylan.", "In addition to its original release, the song has appeared on several of Dylan's greatest hits compilations, including \"Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Vol. II\" (1971), \"The Best of Bob Dylan\" (1997), and \"The Essential Bob Dylan\" (2000). Another version of the song, recorded as a demo for Dylan's music publisher M. Witmark & Sons in 1963, was included on two releases in Columbia's \"Bootleg Series\": \"\" (2005) and \"\" (2010). In addition, live versions have been released on \"Before the Flood\" (1974; recorded February 14, 1974), \"Bob Dylan at Budokan\" (1978; recorded February 28, 1978), \"\" (2004; recorded October 31, 1964), \"Live at The Gaslight 1962 \" (2005; recorded October 15, 1962), and \"Live 1962-1966: Rare Performances From The Copyright Collections\" (2018; recorded April 12, 1963). It has been argued that the guitar on the original version of the song, which features a fast fingerstyle, was played by Bruce Langhorne. In live performances, Dylan often strummed the chords, or flatpicked, but in a similar, fast-paced manner. Moreover, the 1963 \"Witmark demos\" version of the song has Bob Dylan finger-picking, in a very similar manner to the original 1962 recording. Furthermore, a recording of an April 1963 concert in New York City contains a live version of \"Don't Think Twice\", finger-picked in a manner similar to that heard on the original recording. The song was used on the television series \"Mad Men\", \"Friday Night Lights\", and \"Men of a Certain Age\"."], "answer": {"text": "An alternative account claims audience members were upset by poor sound and a short set.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How does the phrase \"going electric\" pertain to Bob Dylan?", "answer": {"text": "appearing, unexpectedly, with an electric guitar.", "answer_start": 1542, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did this first occur?", "answer": {"text": "Dylan had appeared at Newport in 1963 and 1964, but in 1965 met with cheering and booing and left the stage after three songs.", "answer_start": 1334, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were people booing?", "answer": {"text": "One version has it that the boos were from folk fans whom Dylan had alienated by appearing, unexpectedly, with an electric guitar.", "answer_start": 1461, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_164c25fb231f46edbd850485dd7afb37_1_q#4", "question": "What was his first electric album?", "rewrite": "What was Bob Dylan first electric album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Masters of War \"Masters of War\" is a song by Bob Dylan, written over the winter of coc1962\u201363 and released on the album \" The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan\" in the spring of 1963. The song's melody was adapted from the traditional \"Nottamun Town\". Dylan's lyrics are a protest against the Cold War nuclear arms build-up of the early 1960s. With many of his early songs, Dylan adapted or \"borrowed\" melodies from traditional songs. In the case of \"Nottamun Town\", however, the arrangement was by veteran folksinger Jean Ritchie. Unknown to Dylan, the song had been in Ritchie's family for generations, and she wanted a writing credit for her arrangement. In a legal settlement, Dylan's lawyers paid Ritchie $5,000 against any further claims. Dylan first recorded \"Masters of War\" in January, 1963 for \"Broadside\" magazine, which published the lyrics and music on the cover of its February issue. The song was also taped in the basement of Gerde's Folk City in February and for Dylan's music publisher, M. Witmark & Sons, in March. The Witmark version was included on \"\" in October 2010. The \"Freewheelin\"' version was recorded on April 24, 1963, by Columbia Records; in addition to that album, it has also appeared on compilation albums such as \"Masterpieces\" in 1978 and \"Biograph\" in 1985. During 1963, Dylan performed the song at major concerts, including his performances at New York City's Town Hall on April 12, Brandeis University's Brandeis Folk Festival on May 10, and Carnegie Hall on October 26. He also played it at an afternoon workshop at his first Newport Folk Festival appearance on July 27.", "Dave Van Ronk, an early supporter and mentor of Dylan, disagreed with the majority view when he made the following criticism: \" John Wesley Harding\" was released at the end of 1967, on December 27, less than two months after the recording sessions. The song was the second single from the album, released on November 22, 1968, but did not chart. A live recording of \"All Along the Watchtower\" from the album \"Before the Flood\" appeared as the B side of \" Most Likely You Go Your Way (And I'll Go Mine)\" in 1974. The recordings came from separate concerts earlier that year at the Forum adjacent to Los Angeles, both with Dylan backed by the Band. Dylan first performed the song live on January 3, 1974, in Chicago on the opening night of his 'comeback tour'. From this first live performance, Dylan has consistently performed the song closer to Hendrix's version than to his own original recording. In \"The Bob Dylan Encyclopedia\", critic Michael Gray wrote that this is the most often performed of all of Dylan's songs. By Gray's count, Dylan had performed the song in concert 1,393 times by the end of 2003. According to Dylan's own website, through 2015 he had performed the song 2,257 times. In recent years, Dylan in live performances has taken to singing the first verse again at the end of the song. As Gray notes in his \"Bob Dylan Encyclopedia\": Dylan possibly was following the lead of the Grateful Dead in concluding the song by repeating the first verse; the Dead covered the song in this fashion, both with and without Dylan. The original recording of \"All Along the Watchtower\" appears on most of Dylan's \"greatest hits\" albums, as well as his two box set compilations, \"Biograph\", released in 1985, and \"Dylan\", released in 2007.", "Mama, You Been on My Mind \"Mama, You Been on My Mind\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan. Written in 1964 during a trip to Europe, the song dealt with his recent breakup with his girlfriend, Suze Rotolo. Dylan first recorded the song in June of that year during a session for his album \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\". However, the song was not included on the album, and Dylan's version remained unreleased until 1991. In total, in the 1990s and 2000s four versions were put out on Dylan's \"Bootleg Series\" of releases, including two live performances with Joan Baez from 1964 and 1975. Many artists have covered the song, including Baez, Jeff Buckley, Judy Collins, Ricky Nelson, Johnny Cash, George Harrison, Bettye LaVette, Dion and the Belmonts, Linda Ronstadt, and Rod Stewart on his 1972 album \"Never a Dull Moment\". Dylan himself has performed the song more than 200 times. Dylan completed a concert tour of England in mid-May and afterwards vacationed in France, Germany and Greece. During his visit to Greece he wrote several songs for his upcoming album, \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\", including \"Mama , You Been on My Mind\". After returning to the USA, Dylan went into Columbia's Studio A on June 9, 1964 and in a single night recorded 14 new songs, including one take of \"Mama, You Been on My Mind\". However, when the album was released two months later, the song was not included. Circulated as a bootleg for many years, the outtake of \"Mama, You Been on My Mind\" was officially released in 1991 on \"The Bootleg Series Volumes 1\u20133 (Rare & Unreleased) 1961\u20131991\". Two drafts of \"Mama", "\"Like a Rolling Stone\" managed to reach the Top 5 on both sides of the Atlantic. Five days after the release of \"Like a Rolling Stone\", on 25 July 1965, Dylan made a controversial appearance at the Newport Folk Festival, performing three songs with a full band. He was met with derisive booing and jeering from the festival's purist folk music crowd, but in the years since the incident, Dylan's 1965 Newport Folk Festival appearance has become widely regarded as a pivotal moment in the synthesis of folk and rock. Dylan followed \"Like a Rolling Stone\" with the wholly electric album \"Highway 61 Revisited\" and the non-album single \"Positively 4th Street\", which itself has been widely interpreted as a rebuke to the folk purists who had rejected his new electric music. Throughout 1965 and 1966, hit singles like \"Subterranean Homesick Blues\", \"Like a Rolling Stone\", \"Positively 4th Street\", and \"I Want You\" among others, along with the \"Bringing It All Back Home\", \"Highway 61 Revisited\" and \"Blonde on Blonde\" albums, proved to be hugely influential on the development and popularity of folk rock. Although Dylan's move away from acoustic folk music served to outrage and alienate much of his original fanbase, his new folk rock sound gained him legions of new fans during the mid-1960s. The popularity and commercial success of the Byrds and Bob Dylan's blend of folk and rock music influenced a wave of imitators and emulators that retroactively became known as the folk rock boom. Although he started out as a jazz musician, the young, African-American Columbia Records producer Tom Wilson became known as the \"mid-wife of folk-rock\" for his seminal work behind the scenes. As Bob Dylan's producer during the key transitional albums \" The Times", "Visions of Johanna \"Visions of Johanna\" is a song written and performed by Bob Dylan on his 1966 album \"Blonde on Blonde\". Several critics have acclaimed \"Visions of Johanna\" as one of Dylan's highest achievements in writing, praising the allusiveness and subtlety of the language. \" Rolling Stone\" included \"Visions of Johanna\" on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. In 1999, Sir Andrew Motion, Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom, listed it as the greatest song lyric ever written. Dylan first recorded the song in New York City in November 1965, under the working title of \"Freeze Out\", but was dissatisfied with the results. When the \"Blonde on Blonde\" recording sessions moved to Nashville in February 1966, Dylan attempted the composition again with different musicians, and decided to release this performance. All of the alternate versions of the song have been officially released, but some only on a limited edition collectors set: many of them are November 1965 or later 1966 studio outtakes, and two others are live performances from his 1966 world tour. Numerous artists have recorded cover versions of the song, including the Grateful Dead, Marianne Faithfull and Robyn Hitchcock. Clinton Heylin places the writing of \"Visions of Johanna\" in the fall of 1965, when Dylan was living in the Chelsea Hotel with his pregnant wife Sara. Heylin notes that \"in this d\u00e9class\u00e9 hotel\u2026the heat pipes \"still\" cough\", referring to a line from the song. Greil Marcus reports that when the song was first released, \"the story was that the song had been written during the great east coast blackout of November 9, 1965.\" Dylan first recorded this song, backed by The Hawks, in the CBS New York recording studio, on November 30, 1965, announcing his new composition with the words: \"This is called 'Freeze Out'.\""], "answer": {"text": "Dylan's late March 1965 album Bringing It All Back Home was another leap, featuring his first recordings with electric instruments.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How does the phrase \"going electric\" pertain to Bob Dylan?", "answer": {"text": "appearing, unexpectedly, with an electric guitar.", "answer_start": 1542, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did this first occur?", "answer": {"text": "Dylan had appeared at Newport in 1963 and 1964, but in 1965 met with cheering and booing and left the stage after three songs.", "answer_start": 1334, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were people booing?", "answer": {"text": "One version has it that the boos were from folk fans whom Dylan had alienated by appearing, unexpectedly, with an electric guitar.", "answer_start": 1461, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is another version of the event?", "answer": {"text": "An alternative account claims audience members were upset by poor sound and a short set.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_3c50674e866f4117a4b7dfccf787686c_0_q#0", "question": "What happened in 1981?", "rewrite": "What happened in 1981?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The first three finishers of each team had their points combined, and the team with the fewest points led the classification. The riders of the team leading this classification wore green caps. In addition, there was a combativity award given after each mass-start stage to the cyclist considered most combative. The split stages each had a combined winner. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification. Bernard Hinault won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award. The 1981 Tour de France is seen as the year in which the globalization of the Tour became important. Before that most cyclists came from France, Spain, Italy, Belgium, Luxemburg and the Netherlands, with only occasional successes by other European cyclists. Anderson was the first non-European cyclist to lead the Tour de France, and more would follow in the coming years. The plans to make the Tour de France open to amateurs were not forgotten, and it happened in 1983. Anderson would again wear the yellow jersey in the next year, when he also won the young rider classification. Hinault won five stages as reigning world champion. This had happened before, most recently in 1979 with Gerrie Knetemann and in 1980 with Jan Raas, but after 1981 it became a rare occurrence. The next time that this happened was in 2002 with \u00d3scar Freire, and after that in 2011 with Thor Hushovd. Maertens who also won five stages would make his comeback year complete by winning the 1981 UCI Road World Championships later that year, but after that never reached his 1981 level again. Jacques Boyer became the first American to ride in the Tour de France, acting as a domestique for Hinault.", "What's Happened to Blue Eyes \"What's Happened to Blue Eyes\" is a country music song recorded by American country artist Jessi Colter. The song was released as her second single under Capitol Records August 4, 1975, peaking as a Top 10 hit on the Billboard Country Chart and a minor hit on the Pop chart. In 1981, her husband, Waylon Jennings recorded the song on their 1981 duet album, \"Leather and Lace\". \"What's Happened to Blue Eyes\" was written entirely by Jessi Colter. The narrator discusses how she is looking for her male lover who goes by the name \"blue eyes. \" She is curious to wondering if anyone else has seen him, while also hoping he has not decided to end their relationship. The song's chorus further explains the song's initial meaning: The song was produced by Ken Mansfield and Waylon Jennings, both of whom produced Colter's previous single, \"I'm Not Lisa\" and her 1975 Capitol album. Since its release, the song has been covered by Colter's husband, Waylon Jennings as duet with Colter for their 1981 collaboration, \"Leather and Lace.\" A later version, recorded the following year for the album \"Wanted! The Outlaws\", had the first line of the chorus changed from \"What's happened to blue eyes? \" to \"I'm looking for blue eyes\", and it appeared on the track listing by the alternative name \"I'm Looking For Blue Eyes\". The second version is more blues-oriented, versus the mid-tempo, pop-country style of the Capitol single release. \"What's Happened to Blue Eyes\" was released as Colter's second single on Capitol Records and was issued August 4, 1975. The song made its chart debut on the country list shortly afterwards on August 23.", "Rot-Wei\u00df Erfurt got a goal from Olivier Caillas and a goal from the penalty spot from Nils Pfingsten-Reddig. The 23rd match happened on 12 February 2011 against Hansa Rostock. Hansa Rostock won 2\u20130 with goals from Mohammed Lartey and Radovan Vujanovi\u0107. The 24th match happened on 16 February 2011 against Jahn Regensburg. Werder Bremen II won 2\u20130 with a goal from Pascal Testroet and a goal from the penalty spot from Felix Kroos. The 25th match happened on 19 February 2011 against Koblenz. Koblenz won 2\u20130 with goals from Andr\u00e9 Hahn and Manuel Hornig. The 26th match happened on 26 February 2011 against Stuttgart II. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Kevin Artmann scored for Werder Bremen II and Alexander Aschauer scored for Stuttgart II. Kevin Maek was sent-off during the match. The 27th match happened on 5 March 2011 against Unterhaching. Unterhaching won 2\u20130 with goals from Markus Schwabl and Abdenour Amachaibou. The 28th match happened on 11 March 2011 against Babelsberg. Werder Bremen II won 1\u20130 with a goal from Stefan Ronneburg. The 29th match happened on 19 March 2011 against Wacker Burghausen. Wacker Burghausen won 2\u20131. Kevin Schindler scored for Werder Bremen II. Darlington Omodiagbe and Christian Holzer scored for Wacker Burghausen. The 30th match happened on 1 April 2011 against Kickers Offenbach. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. The 31st match happened on 6 April 2011 against Eintracht Braunschweig. Werder Bremen II won 2\u20131. Predrag Stevanovi\u0107 scored two goals for Werder Bremen II.", "2009\u201310 Borussia Dortmund II season The 2009\u201310 Borussia Dortmund II season happened between 25 July 2009 and 8 May 2010. Borussia Dortmund II opened up the season against Wacker Burghausen on 25 July 2009. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 4\u20133. Borussia Dortmund II got two goals from Sebastian Tyrala and a goal from Sebastian Hille. Wacker Burghausen got three goals from Christian Holzer and a goal from Christian Cappek. Matchday two happened on 28 July 2009 against Eintracht Braunschweig. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. Matchday three happened on 7 August 2009 against Werder Bremen II. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Torsten Oehrl. Matchday four happened on 15 August 2009 against Kickers Offenbach. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. Matchday five happened on 21 August 2009 against FC Ingolstadt. Borussia Dortmund II won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Yasin. Matchday six happened on 28 August 2009 against SpVgg Unterhaching. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 2\u20131. Borussia Dortmund II got a goal from Sebastian Hille. Sebastian Mitterhuber and Robert Zillner scored for Unterhaching. Matchday seven happened on 2 September 2009 against Carl Zeiss Jena. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 2\u20131. J\u00f6rn Neumeister scored for Borussia Dortmund II. Assani Lukimya and Marco Riemer scored for Carl Zeiss Jena. Matchday eight happened on 6 September 2009 against Dynamo Dresden. Borussia Dortmund II won 1\u20130 with a goal from Marcus Piossek. Matchday nine happened on 12 September 2009 against 1. FC Heidenheim.", "Matchday 22 happened on 10 March 2010 against Borussia Dortmund II. Werder Bremen II won the match 2\u20131. Tobias Kempe scored two goals for Werder Bremen II. Kempe's first goal was from the penalty spot. Uwe H\u00fcnemeier scored from the penalty spot for Burussia Dortmund II. Matchday 28 happened on 13 March 2010 against Ingolstadt. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. Matchday 21 happened on 16 March 2010 against Osnabr\u00fcck. Osnabr\u00fcck won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Alexander Dercho. Matchday 21 happened on 21 March 2010 against Unterhaching. Werder Bremen II won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Nicolas Feldhahn. Markus Schwabl was sent-off during the match. Matchday 24 happened on 24 March 2010 against Wacker Burghausen. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Lennart Thy scored for Werder Bremen II and Christian Holzer scored for Wacker Burghausen. Matchday 30 happened on 28 March 2010 against Carl Zeiss Jena. Carl Zeiss Jena won the match 2\u20131. Kevin Artmann scored for Werder Bremen II. Orlando Smeekes and Melvin Holwijn scored for Carl Zeiss Jena. M\u00e1rk\u00f3 Fut\u00e1cs was sent-off during the match. Matchday 31 happened on 31 March 2010 against Dynamo Dresden. Dynamo Dresden won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Robert Koch. Matchday 32 happened on 3 April 2010 against Heidenheim. The matchday finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Onur Ay\u0131k scored for Werder Bremen II and Andreas Spann scored for Heidenheim. Stefan Ronneburg was sent-off during the match. Matchday 25 happened on 7 April 2010 against Eintracht Braunschweig."], "answer": {"text": "In January 1981, Styx released Paradise Theatre, a concept album that became their biggest hit, reaching No. 1", "answer_start": 474}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_3c50674e866f4117a4b7dfccf787686c_0_q#1", "question": "What was a single off the album?", "rewrite": "What was a single off Paradise Theatre?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Paradise Theatre (Chicago) The Paradise Theatre was a movie palace located in Chicago's West Garfield Park neighborhood. Its address was 231 N. Crawford Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. Located near the intersection of West Madison Street and Crawford (now Pulaski Road) in the West Garfield Park area of Chicago's West Side. The Paradise Theatre was built by the Balaban and Katz chain of movie theaters and opened on September 14, 1928. It was promoted as the world's most beautiful theater for its stunning interior and exterior beauty. It is regarded as one of the finest designs by architect John Eberson, as the sheer opulence and intricate craftsmanship that went into the theater made it a showpiece in and of itself. Unfortunately, flaws in the design (blamed on the vast domed ceiling in the over 3,500-seat auditorium) were exposed with the advent of talking pictures. Poor acoustics eventually cost the theater its attendance as neighborhood movie-goers would eventually turn to the nearby Mark Brothers showplace, the Marbro Theatre. As a result, business at the Paradise never recovered. The Paradise Theatre's demise came in 1956, when Balaban and Katz closed the theater, demolished the building and sold the land to be developed as a supermarket. The theater that was \"built to stand forever\" almost lived up to that claim: what was estimated to have been a six-month demolition job ended up taking two years. The Paradise Theatre was home to a large Wurlitzer theatre organ, catalog number Opus 1942. The organ console contained five manuals (keyboards), one of only three such instruments ever made by the Wurlitzer company. The organ, which had 21 ranks of pipes, was removed from the theater in 1948. It was installed in the Los Angeles home studio of Richard Vaughn, an executive at the Hi-Fi Records label.", "On the success of \"Babe\", DeYoung began pushing for a more theatrical direction, while Shaw and Young favored a harder-edged approach. This arguing over musical direction led to a bit of tension in early 1980 after Young and Shaw objected to the ballad \"First Time\" released as the second single from Cornerstone (1979) album. However, things were quickly smoothed over. Moreover, this song did not chart in the U.S. but became a huge hit single in the Philippines in 1981. In January 1981, Styx released Paradise Theatre, a concept album that became their biggest hit, reaching No. 1 on the Billboard pop albums chart and yielding five singles, including the top ten hits \"The Best of Times\" by DeYoung (#3) and \"Too Much Time on My Hands\" by Shaw (#9). Paradise Theatre became the band's fourth consecutive multi-platinum album. The band was accused by a California religious group and later the Parents Music Resource Center of backmasking Satanic messages in their anti-cocaine anthem, \"Snowblind\". James Young has denied this charge during his introduction for \"Snowblind\" when played live. Dennis DeYoung has denied the accusation as well, joking on the In the Studio with Redbeard program \"we had enough trouble to make the music sound right forward.\" Also, James Young quotes, \"If we were going to put something Satanic in our songs, we would have put it so it was in the song forward. Not so you would have to buy some $400 tape recorder to hear it.\" Throughout the 1980s, the band would use the Paradise Theatre (1981) album's opening track, \"Rockin' the Paradise\" (charted at No. 8 on Top Rock Tracks Chart) to open their shows.", "Paradise Theatre (album) Paradise Theatre is the tenth album by the rock band Styx, released in January 1981. It was the most successful album by Styx, peaking at #1 for 3 weeks on the Billboard Album Chart in April and May 1981 (non-consecutively). Four singles from the album charted, three in the top 10. The lead single \"The Best of Times\", written by Dennis DeYoung, went to #3 on the Billboard Hot 100. \" Too Much Time on My Hands\", written by Tommy Shaw, went to #9 on the Billboard Hot 100, Shaw's only top 10 hit for Styx. \"Nothing Ever Goes as Planned\", written by DeYoung, went to #54 on the US Pop Chart. \"Rockin' the Paradise By Styx\" \u2014 written by DeYoung, Shaw and James Young \u2014 went to #8 on the Top Rock Track Chart. The song \"The Best of Times\" has been featured in multiple films. The song is in the 1999 film \"Big Daddy\", in which Adam Sandler's character, like Sandler himself, is a Styx fan. It also appears in the 2005 film \"The Perfect Man' \"Paradise Theatre\" became Styx's only US #1 album. It was the band's fourth consecutive triple-platinum album. A concept album, the album is a fictional account of Chicago's Paradise Theatre from its opening to closing (and eventual abandonment), used as a metaphor for America's changing times from the late 1970s into the 1980s. (Dennis DeYoung, who envisioned and developed the entire concept, confirmed this in an episode of \"In the Studio with Redbeard\" about the making of the album.)", "Paradise Theater (Bronx) The Paradise Theater, formerly Loew's Paradise Theatre, is a movie palace-type theater located at 2403 Grand Concourse in Bronx, New York. Constructed in 1929 at the height of grand movie theaters, in the later 20th century the building was used also for live entertainment. It was leased in 2012 for use by the World Changers Church International New York, based in Fulton County, Georgia, for founding a local congregation. Loew's Paradise Theatre opened on September 7, 1929 with Warner Oland in the film \"The Mysterious Dr. Fu Manchu\" on the screen, plus a stage presentation \"Cameos\" produced by Chester Hale, and British organist Harold Ramsey playing the 4-manual, 23-rank Robert Morton \"Wonder Organ\". The Paradise was originally commissioned by the Paramount-Publix theater chain and was slated to be named the Venetian Theatre. Paramount-Publix withdrew from the project shortly before construction began and it was taken over by New York's largest movie theatre chain, Loew's Theatres. The theater was promoted as one of the five \"Loew's Wonder Theatres\". The first \"Wonder Theatre\", opened in January 1929, was Loew's Valencia Theatre in Jamaica, Queens. Loew's Paradise Theatre in the Bronx opened on the same day as Loew's Kings Theatre in Brooklyn. These were followed by Loew's Jersey Theatre in Jersey City, New Jersey, and finally Loew's 175th Street Theatre in Washington Heights, Manhattan. The Loew's Paradise Theatre was one of the last theatres built in the Atmospheric style toward the end of the \"movie palace\" building boom. The theater's architect, John Eberson, was famed for creating the Atmospheric theater design, which gave the illusion of an outdoor villa courtyard under a night sky.", "The organ was utilized by Hi-Fi to record a series of noted stereo record albums in the 1950s featuring organist George Wright. In 1969 the instrument was reinstalled in the Phoenix, Arizona home of William Brown. Brown enlarged the organ to 34 ranks. Since 2007, the organ has been in storage in Phoenix. Despite having never been a terribly successful movie house, the Paradise Theatre continues to live on in popular culture. Some of its continued fame is due to the Chicago-based rock band Styx who featured the theater in their album \"Paradise Theatre.\" The record, which was recorded in 1980 at Pumpkin Studios in the Chicago suburb of Oak Lawn, was released on January 18, 1981. It became a Triple platinum, \"Billboard\" #1 hit album, with numerous number\u2013one hits to its name. Lead singer and keyboardist Dennis DeYoung described the concept album as a fictional account of Chicago's Paradise Theater from its opening to closing (and eventual abandonment), serving as a metaphor for America's changing times from the late 1970s into the 1980s. The theater on the album's cover art actually doesn't resemble the real Paradise Theatre. It does resemble, however, another 1920s Chicago movie palace, the Granada Theatre."], "answer": {"text": "five singles, including the top ten hits \"The Best of Times\" by DeYoung (#3) and \"Too Much Time on My Hands\" by Shaw (#9).", "answer_start": 632}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1981?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1981, Styx released Paradise Theatre, a concept album that became their biggest hit, reaching No. 1", "answer_start": 474, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3c50674e866f4117a4b7dfccf787686c_0_q#3", "question": "What is the backmasking accusation?", "rewrite": "What is the backmasking accusation?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Paul is a dead man, miss him, miss him, miss him\", in \"I'm So Tired\". The \"Paul is dead\" rumor popularized the idea of backmasking in popular music. After Gibb's show, many more songs were found to contain phrases that sounded like known spoken languages when reversed. Initially, the search was done mostly by fans of rock music; but, in the late 1970s, during the rise of the Christian right in the United States, fundamentalist Christian groups began to claim that backmasked messages could bypass the conscious mind and reach the unconscious mind, where they would be unknowingly accepted by the listener. In 1981, Christian DJ Michael Mills began stating on Christian radio programs that Led Zeppelin's \"Stairway to Heaven\" contained hidden Satanic messages that were heard by the unconscious. In early 1982, the Trinity Broadcasting Network's Paul Crouch hosted a show with self-described neuroscientist William Yarroll, who argued that rock stars were cooperating with the Church of Satan to place hidden subliminal messages on records. Also in 1982, fundamentalist Christian pastor Gary Greenwald held public lectures on dangers of backmasking, along with at least one mass record-smashing. During the same year, thirty North Carolina teenagers, led by their pastor, claimed that singers had been possessed by Satan, who used their voices to create backward messages, and held a record-burning at their church. Allegations of demonic backmasking were also made by social psychologists, parents and critics of rock music, as well as the Parents Music Resource Center (formed in 1985), which accused Led Zeppelin of using backmasking to promote Satanism. One result of the furor was the firing of five radio DJs who had encouraged listeners to search for backward messages in their record collections.", "Backmasking Backmasking is a recording technique in which a sound or message is recorded backward onto a track that is meant to be played forward. Backmasking is a deliberate process, whereas a message found through phonetic reversal may be unintentional. Backmasking was popularised by The Beatles, who used backward instrumentation on their 1966 album \"Revolver\". Artists have since used backmasking for artistic, comedic and satiric effect, on both analogue and digital recordings. The technique has also been used to censor words or phrases for \"clean\" releases of explicit songs. In 1969, rumors of a backmasked message in the Beatles song \"Revolution 9\" sparked the Paul is dead urban legend. In the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, Christian groups in the United States alleged that backmasking was being used by prominent rock musicians for Satanic purposes, leading to record-burning protests and proposed anti-backmasking legislation by state and federal governments. Many popular musicians have since been accused of including backmasked messages in their music. However, apparent backmasked messages may in fact be examples of pareidolia - the brain's tendency to recognize patterns in meaningless data - or coincidental phonetic reversal. In 1877, Thomas Edison invented the phonograph, a device allowing sound to be recorded and reproduced on a rotating cylinder with a stylus (or \"needle\") attached to a diaphragm mounted at the narrow end of a horn. Emile Berliner invented the familiar lateral-cut disc phonograph record in 1888. In addition to recreating recorded sounds by placing the stylus on the cylinder or disc and rotating it in the same direction as during the recording, one could hear different sounds by rotating the cylinder or disc backwards.", "A more serious consequence was legislation by the state governments of Arkansas and California. The 1983 California bill was introduced to prevent backmasking that \"can manipulate our behavior without our knowledge or consent and turn us into disciples of the Antichrist\". Involved in the discussion on the bill was a California State Assembly Consumer Protection and Toxic Materials Committee hearing, during which \"Stairway to Heaven\" was played backwards, and William Yaroll testified. The successful bill made the distribution of records with undeclared backmasking an invasion of privacy for which the distributor could be sued. The Arkansas law passed unanimously in 1983, referenced albums by The Beatles, Pink Floyd, Electric Light Orchestra, Queen and Styx, and mandated that records with backmasking include a warning sticker: \"Warning: This record contains backward masking which may be perceptible at a subliminal level when the record is played forward.\" However, the bill was returned to the state senate by Governor Bill Clinton and defeated. House Resolution 6363, introduced in 1982 by Representative Bob Dornan (R-California), proposed mandating a similar label; the bill was referred to the Subcommittee on Commerce, Transportation and Tourism and was never passed. Government action was also called for in the legislatures of Texas and Canada. With the advent of compact discs in the 1980s, but prior to the advent of sound editing technology for personal computers in the 1990s, it became more difficult to listen to recordings backwards, and the controversy died down. Although the backmasking controversy peaked in the 1980s, the general belief in subliminal manipulation became more widespread in the United States during the following decade, with belief in Satanic backmasking on records persisting into the 1990s.", "Hidden message A hidden message is information that is not immediately noticeable, and that must be discovered or uncovered and interpreted before it can be known. Hidden messages include backwards audio messages, hidden visual messages and symbolic or cryptic codes such as a crossword or cipher. Although there are many legitimate examples of hidden messages created with techniques such as backmasking and steganography, many so-called hidden messages are merely fanciful imaginings or apophany. The information in hidden messages is not immediately noticeable; it must be discovered or uncovered, and interpreted before it can be known. Hidden messages include backwards audio messages, hidden visual messages, and symbolic or cryptic codes such as a crossword or cipher. There are many legitimate examples of hidden messages, though many are imaginings. A backward message in an audio recording is only fully apparent when the recording is played reversed. Some backward messages are produced by deliberate backmasking, while others are simply phonetic reversals resulting from random combinations of words. Backward messages may occur in various mediums, including music, video games, music videos, movies, and television shows. Backmasking is a recording technique in which a message is recorded backwards onto a track that is meant to be played forwards. It was popularized by The Beatles, who used backward vocals and instrumentation on their 1966 album \"Revolver.\" The technique has also been used to censor words or phrases for \"clean\" releases of songs. Backmasking has been a controversial topic in the United States since the 1980s, when allegations of its use for Satanic purposes were made against prominent rock musicians, leading to record-burnings and proposed anti-backmasking legislation by state and federal governments. In debate are both the existence of backmasked Satanic messages and their purported ability to subliminally affect listeners.", "The reform granted the provinces wider areas of responsibility, most notably running the national health service and the \"gymnasium\" secondary schools. The Danish Municipal Reform of January 1, 2007 abolished the \"amter\" and replaced them with five administrative regions, now solely charged with running the national health service. In contrast to the \"amter\" the regions hold no authority to levy taxes. The reform re-delegated all other areas of responsibility to either the municipalities or the state. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, cutting the number of municipalities from 270 to 98. See Counties of Denmark for more information about the Danish usage of the term. In Germany an \"Amt\" was a medieval administrative district covering a manorial estate or the land owned by a castle or village. It was headed by an \"Amtmann\", usually a lesser nobleman or cleric, appointed by a territorial lord to administer and dispense justice within the \"Amt\". \"Ambacht\" can be seen as the Dutch equivalent to \"amt\". \"Ambachten\" existed in Holland, Zeeland and Flanders up to about 1800. While Iceland was a territory of the Danish-Norwegian realm, amts (singular: '; plural: ') were established in the country on top of the existing counties. From 1684 to 1770, Iceland as whole was a single amt in the Kingdom of Denmark-Norway but was then split into two amts: North and East Amt (') and South and West Amt ('). The latter was in 1787 split into a West Amt (') and South Amt ('). Iceland was thus divided into three amts until 1872, when the South and West amts were again merged. Amts were abolished in 1904, when Iceland gained home rule from Denmark."], "answer": {"text": "The band was accused by a California religious group and later the Parents Music Resource Center of backmasking Satanic messages", "answer_start": 831}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1981?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1981, Styx released Paradise Theatre, a concept album that became their biggest hit, reaching No. 1", "answer_start": 474, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a single off the album?", "answer": {"text": "five singles, including the top ten hits \"The Best of Times\" by DeYoung (#3) and \"Too Much Time on My Hands\" by Shaw (#9).", "answer_start": 632, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they tour during this time?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3c50674e866f4117a4b7dfccf787686c_0_q#4", "question": "What did the band say about the accusations?", "rewrite": "What did Paradise Theatre say about the accusations?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Paradise Theatre (Chicago) The Paradise Theatre was a movie palace located in Chicago's West Garfield Park neighborhood. Its address was 231 N. Crawford Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. Located near the intersection of West Madison Street and Crawford (now Pulaski Road) in the West Garfield Park area of Chicago's West Side. The Paradise Theatre was built by the Balaban and Katz chain of movie theaters and opened on September 14, 1928. It was promoted as the world's most beautiful theater for its stunning interior and exterior beauty. It is regarded as one of the finest designs by architect John Eberson, as the sheer opulence and intricate craftsmanship that went into the theater made it a showpiece in and of itself. Unfortunately, flaws in the design (blamed on the vast domed ceiling in the over 3,500-seat auditorium) were exposed with the advent of talking pictures. Poor acoustics eventually cost the theater its attendance as neighborhood movie-goers would eventually turn to the nearby Mark Brothers showplace, the Marbro Theatre. As a result, business at the Paradise never recovered. The Paradise Theatre's demise came in 1956, when Balaban and Katz closed the theater, demolished the building and sold the land to be developed as a supermarket. The theater that was \"built to stand forever\" almost lived up to that claim: what was estimated to have been a six-month demolition job ended up taking two years. The Paradise Theatre was home to a large Wurlitzer theatre organ, catalog number Opus 1942. The organ console contained five manuals (keyboards), one of only three such instruments ever made by the Wurlitzer company. The organ, which had 21 ranks of pipes, was removed from the theater in 1948. It was installed in the Los Angeles home studio of Richard Vaughn, an executive at the Hi-Fi Records label.", "On the success of \"Babe\", DeYoung began pushing for a more theatrical direction, while Shaw and Young favored a harder-edged approach. This arguing over musical direction led to a bit of tension in early 1980 after Young and Shaw objected to the ballad \"First Time\" released as the second single from Cornerstone (1979) album. However, things were quickly smoothed over. Moreover, this song did not chart in the U.S. but became a huge hit single in the Philippines in 1981. In January 1981, Styx released Paradise Theatre, a concept album that became their biggest hit, reaching No. 1 on the Billboard pop albums chart and yielding five singles, including the top ten hits \"The Best of Times\" by DeYoung (#3) and \"Too Much Time on My Hands\" by Shaw (#9). Paradise Theatre became the band's fourth consecutive multi-platinum album. The band was accused by a California religious group and later the Parents Music Resource Center of backmasking Satanic messages in their anti-cocaine anthem, \"Snowblind\". James Young has denied this charge during his introduction for \"Snowblind\" when played live. Dennis DeYoung has denied the accusation as well, joking on the In the Studio with Redbeard program \"we had enough trouble to make the music sound right forward.\" Also, James Young quotes, \"If we were going to put something Satanic in our songs, we would have put it so it was in the song forward. Not so you would have to buy some $400 tape recorder to hear it.\" Throughout the 1980s, the band would use the Paradise Theatre (1981) album's opening track, \"Rockin' the Paradise\" (charted at No. 8 on Top Rock Tracks Chart) to open their shows.", "The organ was utilized by Hi-Fi to record a series of noted stereo record albums in the 1950s featuring organist George Wright. In 1969 the instrument was reinstalled in the Phoenix, Arizona home of William Brown. Brown enlarged the organ to 34 ranks. Since 2007, the organ has been in storage in Phoenix. Despite having never been a terribly successful movie house, the Paradise Theatre continues to live on in popular culture. Some of its continued fame is due to the Chicago-based rock band Styx who featured the theater in their album \"Paradise Theatre.\" The record, which was recorded in 1980 at Pumpkin Studios in the Chicago suburb of Oak Lawn, was released on January 18, 1981. It became a Triple platinum, \"Billboard\" #1 hit album, with numerous number\u2013one hits to its name. Lead singer and keyboardist Dennis DeYoung described the concept album as a fictional account of Chicago's Paradise Theater from its opening to closing (and eventual abandonment), serving as a metaphor for America's changing times from the late 1970s into the 1980s. The theater on the album's cover art actually doesn't resemble the real Paradise Theatre. It does resemble, however, another 1920s Chicago movie palace, the Granada Theatre.", "Paradise Theater (Bronx) The Paradise Theater, formerly Loew's Paradise Theatre, is a movie palace-type theater located at 2403 Grand Concourse in Bronx, New York. Constructed in 1929 at the height of grand movie theaters, in the later 20th century the building was used also for live entertainment. It was leased in 2012 for use by the World Changers Church International New York, based in Fulton County, Georgia, for founding a local congregation. Loew's Paradise Theatre opened on September 7, 1929 with Warner Oland in the film \"The Mysterious Dr. Fu Manchu\" on the screen, plus a stage presentation \"Cameos\" produced by Chester Hale, and British organist Harold Ramsey playing the 4-manual, 23-rank Robert Morton \"Wonder Organ\". The Paradise was originally commissioned by the Paramount-Publix theater chain and was slated to be named the Venetian Theatre. Paramount-Publix withdrew from the project shortly before construction began and it was taken over by New York's largest movie theatre chain, Loew's Theatres. The theater was promoted as one of the five \"Loew's Wonder Theatres\". The first \"Wonder Theatre\", opened in January 1929, was Loew's Valencia Theatre in Jamaica, Queens. Loew's Paradise Theatre in the Bronx opened on the same day as Loew's Kings Theatre in Brooklyn. These were followed by Loew's Jersey Theatre in Jersey City, New Jersey, and finally Loew's 175th Street Theatre in Washington Heights, Manhattan. The Loew's Paradise Theatre was one of the last theatres built in the Atmospheric style toward the end of the \"movie palace\" building boom. The theater's architect, John Eberson, was famed for creating the Atmospheric theater design, which gave the illusion of an outdoor villa courtyard under a night sky.", "Paradise Theatre (album) Paradise Theatre is the tenth album by the rock band Styx, released in January 1981. It was the most successful album by Styx, peaking at #1 for 3 weeks on the Billboard Album Chart in April and May 1981 (non-consecutively). Four singles from the album charted, three in the top 10. The lead single \"The Best of Times\", written by Dennis DeYoung, went to #3 on the Billboard Hot 100. \" Too Much Time on My Hands\", written by Tommy Shaw, went to #9 on the Billboard Hot 100, Shaw's only top 10 hit for Styx. \"Nothing Ever Goes as Planned\", written by DeYoung, went to #54 on the US Pop Chart. \"Rockin' the Paradise By Styx\" \u2014 written by DeYoung, Shaw and James Young \u2014 went to #8 on the Top Rock Track Chart. The song \"The Best of Times\" has been featured in multiple films. The song is in the 1999 film \"Big Daddy\", in which Adam Sandler's character, like Sandler himself, is a Styx fan. It also appears in the 2005 film \"The Perfect Man' \"Paradise Theatre\" became Styx's only US #1 album. It was the band's fourth consecutive triple-platinum album. A concept album, the album is a fictional account of Chicago's Paradise Theatre from its opening to closing (and eventual abandonment), used as a metaphor for America's changing times from the late 1970s into the 1980s. (Dennis DeYoung, who envisioned and developed the entire concept, confirmed this in an episode of \"In the Studio with Redbeard\" about the making of the album.)"], "answer": {"text": "James Young has denied this charge during his introduction for \"Snowblind\" when played live.", "answer_start": 1003}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1981?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1981, Styx released Paradise Theatre, a concept album that became their biggest hit, reaching No. 1", "answer_start": 474, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a single off the album?", "answer": {"text": "five singles, including the top ten hits \"The Best of Times\" by DeYoung (#3) and \"Too Much Time on My Hands\" by Shaw (#9).", "answer_start": 632, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they tour during this time?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the backmasking accusation?", "answer": {"text": "The band was accused by a California religious group and later the Parents Music Resource Center of backmasking Satanic messages", "answer_start": 831, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3c50674e866f4117a4b7dfccf787686c_0_q#5", "question": "What else did they do during this time?", "rewrite": "Along with the release of Paradise Theatre what else did Styx do during 1981?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Paradise Theatre (album) Paradise Theatre is the tenth album by the rock band Styx, released in January 1981. It was the most successful album by Styx, peaking at #1 for 3 weeks on the Billboard Album Chart in April and May 1981 (non-consecutively). Four singles from the album charted, three in the top 10. The lead single \"The Best of Times\", written by Dennis DeYoung, went to #3 on the Billboard Hot 100. \" Too Much Time on My Hands\", written by Tommy Shaw, went to #9 on the Billboard Hot 100, Shaw's only top 10 hit for Styx. \"Nothing Ever Goes as Planned\", written by DeYoung, went to #54 on the US Pop Chart. \"Rockin' the Paradise By Styx\" \u2014 written by DeYoung, Shaw and James Young \u2014 went to #8 on the Top Rock Track Chart. The song \"The Best of Times\" has been featured in multiple films. The song is in the 1999 film \"Big Daddy\", in which Adam Sandler's character, like Sandler himself, is a Styx fan. It also appears in the 2005 film \"The Perfect Man' \"Paradise Theatre\" became Styx's only US #1 album. It was the band's fourth consecutive triple-platinum album. A concept album, the album is a fictional account of Chicago's Paradise Theatre from its opening to closing (and eventual abandonment), used as a metaphor for America's changing times from the late 1970s into the 1980s. (Dennis DeYoung, who envisioned and developed the entire concept, confirmed this in an episode of \"In the Studio with Redbeard\" about the making of the album.)", "Snowblind (Styx song) \"Snowblind\" is a song by Styx that appears on the \"Paradise Theatre\" album released in 1981. The song is about the helplessness of cocaine addiction, alternating between slow, brooding verses and a faster, harder-edged chorus, representing the addict's cycle of highs and lows. \"Snowblind\" was written by Dennis DeYoung and James Young with uncredited lyrics by Tommy Shaw; Young and Shaw share lead vocal duties. The single reached #22 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. Claims were made by anti-rock-music activists during the early 1980s that the song's lyrics were Satanistic and contained hidden backwards messages. The line \" I try so hard to make it so\" when played in reverse was alleged to be \"Satan moves through our voices\". Aural inspection however suggests that any resemblance the line's reversed phonemes had to this phrase was slight, and likely coincidental. The protestors used \"Snowblind\" as one of several examples of rock songs that they claimed contained hidden Satanic phrases, and they lobbied the Arkansas State Senate for laws to require warning labels on records containing such messages. Styx repeatedly and angrily dismissed these claims as baseless. Dennis DeYoung told Dallas radio show \" In the Studio\" host Redbeard that \"Anyone who plays their records backwards is the Antichrist. We have enough trouble making these records sound right forward. People have nothing better to do. It's the name Styx (which means the river in the underground). Can you imagine attacking the guys who made \"Babe\", I mean please\" on the \"In the Studio\" episode spotlighting \"Paradise Theatre\". Despite the band's protests, fundamentalist Christian groups were able to influence the Arkansas State Senate to pass a bill requiring that all records containing backward masking be labeled as such by the manufacturer.", "On the success of \"Babe\", DeYoung began pushing for a more theatrical direction, while Shaw and Young favored a harder-edged approach. This arguing over musical direction led to a bit of tension in early 1980 after Young and Shaw objected to the ballad \"First Time\" released as the second single from Cornerstone (1979) album. However, things were quickly smoothed over. Moreover, this song did not chart in the U.S. but became a huge hit single in the Philippines in 1981. In January 1981, Styx released Paradise Theatre, a concept album that became their biggest hit, reaching No. 1 on the Billboard pop albums chart and yielding five singles, including the top ten hits \"The Best of Times\" by DeYoung (#3) and \"Too Much Time on My Hands\" by Shaw (#9). Paradise Theatre became the band's fourth consecutive multi-platinum album. The band was accused by a California religious group and later the Parents Music Resource Center of backmasking Satanic messages in their anti-cocaine anthem, \"Snowblind\". James Young has denied this charge during his introduction for \"Snowblind\" when played live. Dennis DeYoung has denied the accusation as well, joking on the In the Studio with Redbeard program \"we had enough trouble to make the music sound right forward.\" Also, James Young quotes, \"If we were going to put something Satanic in our songs, we would have put it so it was in the song forward. Not so you would have to buy some $400 tape recorder to hear it.\" Throughout the 1980s, the band would use the Paradise Theatre (1981) album's opening track, \"Rockin' the Paradise\" (charted at No. 8 on Top Rock Tracks Chart) to open their shows.", "Paradise Theatre (Chicago) The Paradise Theatre was a movie palace located in Chicago's West Garfield Park neighborhood. Its address was 231 N. Crawford Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. Located near the intersection of West Madison Street and Crawford (now Pulaski Road) in the West Garfield Park area of Chicago's West Side. The Paradise Theatre was built by the Balaban and Katz chain of movie theaters and opened on September 14, 1928. It was promoted as the world's most beautiful theater for its stunning interior and exterior beauty. It is regarded as one of the finest designs by architect John Eberson, as the sheer opulence and intricate craftsmanship that went into the theater made it a showpiece in and of itself. Unfortunately, flaws in the design (blamed on the vast domed ceiling in the over 3,500-seat auditorium) were exposed with the advent of talking pictures. Poor acoustics eventually cost the theater its attendance as neighborhood movie-goers would eventually turn to the nearby Mark Brothers showplace, the Marbro Theatre. As a result, business at the Paradise never recovered. The Paradise Theatre's demise came in 1956, when Balaban and Katz closed the theater, demolished the building and sold the land to be developed as a supermarket. The theater that was \"built to stand forever\" almost lived up to that claim: what was estimated to have been a six-month demolition job ended up taking two years. The Paradise Theatre was home to a large Wurlitzer theatre organ, catalog number Opus 1942. The organ console contained five manuals (keyboards), one of only three such instruments ever made by the Wurlitzer company. The organ, which had 21 ranks of pipes, was removed from the theater in 1948. It was installed in the Los Angeles home studio of Richard Vaughn, an executive at the Hi-Fi Records label.", "The organ was utilized by Hi-Fi to record a series of noted stereo record albums in the 1950s featuring organist George Wright. In 1969 the instrument was reinstalled in the Phoenix, Arizona home of William Brown. Brown enlarged the organ to 34 ranks. Since 2007, the organ has been in storage in Phoenix. Despite having never been a terribly successful movie house, the Paradise Theatre continues to live on in popular culture. Some of its continued fame is due to the Chicago-based rock band Styx who featured the theater in their album \"Paradise Theatre.\" The record, which was recorded in 1980 at Pumpkin Studios in the Chicago suburb of Oak Lawn, was released on January 18, 1981. It became a Triple platinum, \"Billboard\" #1 hit album, with numerous number\u2013one hits to its name. Lead singer and keyboardist Dennis DeYoung described the concept album as a fictional account of Chicago's Paradise Theater from its opening to closing (and eventual abandonment), serving as a metaphor for America's changing times from the late 1970s into the 1980s. The theater on the album's cover art actually doesn't resemble the real Paradise Theatre. It does resemble, however, another 1920s Chicago movie palace, the Granada Theatre."], "answer": {"text": "Throughout the 1980s, the band would use the Paradise Theatre (1981) album's opening track, \"Rockin' the Paradise\" (", "answer_start": 1460}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1981?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1981, Styx released Paradise Theatre, a concept album that became their biggest hit, reaching No. 1", "answer_start": 474, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a single off the album?", "answer": {"text": "five singles, including the top ten hits \"The Best of Times\" by DeYoung (#3) and \"Too Much Time on My Hands\" by Shaw (#9).", "answer_start": 632, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they tour during this time?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the backmasking accusation?", "answer": {"text": "The band was accused by a California religious group and later the Parents Music Resource Center of backmasking Satanic messages", "answer_start": 831, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the band say about the accusations?", "answer": {"text": "James Young has denied this charge during his introduction for \"Snowblind\" when played live.", "answer_start": 1003, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3c50674e866f4117a4b7dfccf787686c_0_q#6", "question": "What did they use it for?", "rewrite": "What did Styx use Paradise Theatre for?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Paradise Theatre (album) Paradise Theatre is the tenth album by the rock band Styx, released in January 1981. It was the most successful album by Styx, peaking at #1 for 3 weeks on the Billboard Album Chart in April and May 1981 (non-consecutively). Four singles from the album charted, three in the top 10. The lead single \"The Best of Times\", written by Dennis DeYoung, went to #3 on the Billboard Hot 100. \" Too Much Time on My Hands\", written by Tommy Shaw, went to #9 on the Billboard Hot 100, Shaw's only top 10 hit for Styx. \"Nothing Ever Goes as Planned\", written by DeYoung, went to #54 on the US Pop Chart. \"Rockin' the Paradise By Styx\" \u2014 written by DeYoung, Shaw and James Young \u2014 went to #8 on the Top Rock Track Chart. The song \"The Best of Times\" has been featured in multiple films. The song is in the 1999 film \"Big Daddy\", in which Adam Sandler's character, like Sandler himself, is a Styx fan. It also appears in the 2005 film \"The Perfect Man' \"Paradise Theatre\" became Styx's only US #1 album. It was the band's fourth consecutive triple-platinum album. A concept album, the album is a fictional account of Chicago's Paradise Theatre from its opening to closing (and eventual abandonment), used as a metaphor for America's changing times from the late 1970s into the 1980s. (Dennis DeYoung, who envisioned and developed the entire concept, confirmed this in an episode of \"In the Studio with Redbeard\" about the making of the album.)", "Paradise Theater (Bronx) The Paradise Theater, formerly Loew's Paradise Theatre, is a movie palace-type theater located at 2403 Grand Concourse in Bronx, New York. Constructed in 1929 at the height of grand movie theaters, in the later 20th century the building was used also for live entertainment. It was leased in 2012 for use by the World Changers Church International New York, based in Fulton County, Georgia, for founding a local congregation. Loew's Paradise Theatre opened on September 7, 1929 with Warner Oland in the film \"The Mysterious Dr. Fu Manchu\" on the screen, plus a stage presentation \"Cameos\" produced by Chester Hale, and British organist Harold Ramsey playing the 4-manual, 23-rank Robert Morton \"Wonder Organ\". The Paradise was originally commissioned by the Paramount-Publix theater chain and was slated to be named the Venetian Theatre. Paramount-Publix withdrew from the project shortly before construction began and it was taken over by New York's largest movie theatre chain, Loew's Theatres. The theater was promoted as one of the five \"Loew's Wonder Theatres\". The first \"Wonder Theatre\", opened in January 1929, was Loew's Valencia Theatre in Jamaica, Queens. Loew's Paradise Theatre in the Bronx opened on the same day as Loew's Kings Theatre in Brooklyn. These were followed by Loew's Jersey Theatre in Jersey City, New Jersey, and finally Loew's 175th Street Theatre in Washington Heights, Manhattan. The Loew's Paradise Theatre was one of the last theatres built in the Atmospheric style toward the end of the \"movie palace\" building boom. The theater's architect, John Eberson, was famed for creating the Atmospheric theater design, which gave the illusion of an outdoor villa courtyard under a night sky.", "Snowblind (Styx song) \"Snowblind\" is a song by Styx that appears on the \"Paradise Theatre\" album released in 1981. The song is about the helplessness of cocaine addiction, alternating between slow, brooding verses and a faster, harder-edged chorus, representing the addict's cycle of highs and lows. \"Snowblind\" was written by Dennis DeYoung and James Young with uncredited lyrics by Tommy Shaw; Young and Shaw share lead vocal duties. The single reached #22 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. Claims were made by anti-rock-music activists during the early 1980s that the song's lyrics were Satanistic and contained hidden backwards messages. The line \" I try so hard to make it so\" when played in reverse was alleged to be \"Satan moves through our voices\". Aural inspection however suggests that any resemblance the line's reversed phonemes had to this phrase was slight, and likely coincidental. The protestors used \"Snowblind\" as one of several examples of rock songs that they claimed contained hidden Satanic phrases, and they lobbied the Arkansas State Senate for laws to require warning labels on records containing such messages. Styx repeatedly and angrily dismissed these claims as baseless. Dennis DeYoung told Dallas radio show \" In the Studio\" host Redbeard that \"Anyone who plays their records backwards is the Antichrist. We have enough trouble making these records sound right forward. People have nothing better to do. It's the name Styx (which means the river in the underground). Can you imagine attacking the guys who made \"Babe\", I mean please\" on the \"In the Studio\" episode spotlighting \"Paradise Theatre\". Despite the band's protests, fundamentalist Christian groups were able to influence the Arkansas State Senate to pass a bill requiring that all records containing backward masking be labeled as such by the manufacturer.", "On the success of \"Babe\", DeYoung began pushing for a more theatrical direction, while Shaw and Young favored a harder-edged approach. This arguing over musical direction led to a bit of tension in early 1980 after Young and Shaw objected to the ballad \"First Time\" released as the second single from Cornerstone (1979) album. However, things were quickly smoothed over. Moreover, this song did not chart in the U.S. but became a huge hit single in the Philippines in 1981. In January 1981, Styx released Paradise Theatre, a concept album that became their biggest hit, reaching No. 1 on the Billboard pop albums chart and yielding five singles, including the top ten hits \"The Best of Times\" by DeYoung (#3) and \"Too Much Time on My Hands\" by Shaw (#9). Paradise Theatre became the band's fourth consecutive multi-platinum album. The band was accused by a California religious group and later the Parents Music Resource Center of backmasking Satanic messages in their anti-cocaine anthem, \"Snowblind\". James Young has denied this charge during his introduction for \"Snowblind\" when played live. Dennis DeYoung has denied the accusation as well, joking on the In the Studio with Redbeard program \"we had enough trouble to make the music sound right forward.\" Also, James Young quotes, \"If we were going to put something Satanic in our songs, we would have put it so it was in the song forward. Not so you would have to buy some $400 tape recorder to hear it.\" Throughout the 1980s, the band would use the Paradise Theatre (1981) album's opening track, \"Rockin' the Paradise\" (charted at No. 8 on Top Rock Tracks Chart) to open their shows.", "Paradise Theatre (Chicago) The Paradise Theatre was a movie palace located in Chicago's West Garfield Park neighborhood. Its address was 231 N. Crawford Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. Located near the intersection of West Madison Street and Crawford (now Pulaski Road) in the West Garfield Park area of Chicago's West Side. The Paradise Theatre was built by the Balaban and Katz chain of movie theaters and opened on September 14, 1928. It was promoted as the world's most beautiful theater for its stunning interior and exterior beauty. It is regarded as one of the finest designs by architect John Eberson, as the sheer opulence and intricate craftsmanship that went into the theater made it a showpiece in and of itself. Unfortunately, flaws in the design (blamed on the vast domed ceiling in the over 3,500-seat auditorium) were exposed with the advent of talking pictures. Poor acoustics eventually cost the theater its attendance as neighborhood movie-goers would eventually turn to the nearby Mark Brothers showplace, the Marbro Theatre. As a result, business at the Paradise never recovered. The Paradise Theatre's demise came in 1956, when Balaban and Katz closed the theater, demolished the building and sold the land to be developed as a supermarket. The theater that was \"built to stand forever\" almost lived up to that claim: what was estimated to have been a six-month demolition job ended up taking two years. The Paradise Theatre was home to a large Wurlitzer theatre organ, catalog number Opus 1942. The organ console contained five manuals (keyboards), one of only three such instruments ever made by the Wurlitzer company. The organ, which had 21 ranks of pipes, was removed from the theater in 1948. It was installed in the Los Angeles home studio of Richard Vaughn, an executive at the Hi-Fi Records label."], "answer": {"text": "to open their shows.", "answer_start": 1619}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1981?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1981, Styx released Paradise Theatre, a concept album that became their biggest hit, reaching No. 1", "answer_start": 474, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a single off the album?", "answer": {"text": "five singles, including the top ten hits \"The Best of Times\" by DeYoung (#3) and \"Too Much Time on My Hands\" by Shaw (#9).", "answer_start": 632, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they tour during this time?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the backmasking accusation?", "answer": {"text": "The band was accused by a California religious group and later the Parents Music Resource Center of backmasking Satanic messages", "answer_start": 831, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the band say about the accusations?", "answer": {"text": "James Young has denied this charge during his introduction for \"Snowblind\" when played live.", "answer_start": 1003, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did they do during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Throughout the 1980s, the band would use the Paradise Theatre (1981) album's opening track, \"Rockin' the Paradise\" (", "answer_start": 1460, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3c50674e866f4117a4b7dfccf787686c_0_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than Paradise Theatre are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Paradise Theatre (album) Paradise Theatre is the tenth album by the rock band Styx, released in January 1981. It was the most successful album by Styx, peaking at #1 for 3 weeks on the Billboard Album Chart in April and May 1981 (non-consecutively). Four singles from the album charted, three in the top 10. The lead single \"The Best of Times\", written by Dennis DeYoung, went to #3 on the Billboard Hot 100. \" Too Much Time on My Hands\", written by Tommy Shaw, went to #9 on the Billboard Hot 100, Shaw's only top 10 hit for Styx. \"Nothing Ever Goes as Planned\", written by DeYoung, went to #54 on the US Pop Chart. \"Rockin' the Paradise By Styx\" \u2014 written by DeYoung, Shaw and James Young \u2014 went to #8 on the Top Rock Track Chart. The song \"The Best of Times\" has been featured in multiple films. The song is in the 1999 film \"Big Daddy\", in which Adam Sandler's character, like Sandler himself, is a Styx fan. It also appears in the 2005 film \"The Perfect Man' \"Paradise Theatre\" became Styx's only US #1 album. It was the band's fourth consecutive triple-platinum album. A concept album, the album is a fictional account of Chicago's Paradise Theatre from its opening to closing (and eventual abandonment), used as a metaphor for America's changing times from the late 1970s into the 1980s. (Dennis DeYoung, who envisioned and developed the entire concept, confirmed this in an episode of \"In the Studio with Redbeard\" about the making of the album.)", "The organ was utilized by Hi-Fi to record a series of noted stereo record albums in the 1950s featuring organist George Wright. In 1969 the instrument was reinstalled in the Phoenix, Arizona home of William Brown. Brown enlarged the organ to 34 ranks. Since 2007, the organ has been in storage in Phoenix. Despite having never been a terribly successful movie house, the Paradise Theatre continues to live on in popular culture. Some of its continued fame is due to the Chicago-based rock band Styx who featured the theater in their album \"Paradise Theatre.\" The record, which was recorded in 1980 at Pumpkin Studios in the Chicago suburb of Oak Lawn, was released on January 18, 1981. It became a Triple platinum, \"Billboard\" #1 hit album, with numerous number\u2013one hits to its name. Lead singer and keyboardist Dennis DeYoung described the concept album as a fictional account of Chicago's Paradise Theater from its opening to closing (and eventual abandonment), serving as a metaphor for America's changing times from the late 1970s into the 1980s. The theater on the album's cover art actually doesn't resemble the real Paradise Theatre. It does resemble, however, another 1920s Chicago movie palace, the Granada Theatre.", "On the success of \"Babe\", DeYoung began pushing for a more theatrical direction, while Shaw and Young favored a harder-edged approach. This arguing over musical direction led to a bit of tension in early 1980 after Young and Shaw objected to the ballad \"First Time\" released as the second single from Cornerstone (1979) album. However, things were quickly smoothed over. Moreover, this song did not chart in the U.S. but became a huge hit single in the Philippines in 1981. In January 1981, Styx released Paradise Theatre, a concept album that became their biggest hit, reaching No. 1 on the Billboard pop albums chart and yielding five singles, including the top ten hits \"The Best of Times\" by DeYoung (#3) and \"Too Much Time on My Hands\" by Shaw (#9). Paradise Theatre became the band's fourth consecutive multi-platinum album. The band was accused by a California religious group and later the Parents Music Resource Center of backmasking Satanic messages in their anti-cocaine anthem, \"Snowblind\". James Young has denied this charge during his introduction for \"Snowblind\" when played live. Dennis DeYoung has denied the accusation as well, joking on the In the Studio with Redbeard program \"we had enough trouble to make the music sound right forward.\" Also, James Young quotes, \"If we were going to put something Satanic in our songs, we would have put it so it was in the song forward. Not so you would have to buy some $400 tape recorder to hear it.\" Throughout the 1980s, the band would use the Paradise Theatre (1981) album's opening track, \"Rockin' the Paradise\" (charted at No. 8 on Top Rock Tracks Chart) to open their shows.", "Paradise Theatre (Chicago) The Paradise Theatre was a movie palace located in Chicago's West Garfield Park neighborhood. Its address was 231 N. Crawford Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. Located near the intersection of West Madison Street and Crawford (now Pulaski Road) in the West Garfield Park area of Chicago's West Side. The Paradise Theatre was built by the Balaban and Katz chain of movie theaters and opened on September 14, 1928. It was promoted as the world's most beautiful theater for its stunning interior and exterior beauty. It is regarded as one of the finest designs by architect John Eberson, as the sheer opulence and intricate craftsmanship that went into the theater made it a showpiece in and of itself. Unfortunately, flaws in the design (blamed on the vast domed ceiling in the over 3,500-seat auditorium) were exposed with the advent of talking pictures. Poor acoustics eventually cost the theater its attendance as neighborhood movie-goers would eventually turn to the nearby Mark Brothers showplace, the Marbro Theatre. As a result, business at the Paradise never recovered. The Paradise Theatre's demise came in 1956, when Balaban and Katz closed the theater, demolished the building and sold the land to be developed as a supermarket. The theater that was \"built to stand forever\" almost lived up to that claim: what was estimated to have been a six-month demolition job ended up taking two years. The Paradise Theatre was home to a large Wurlitzer theatre organ, catalog number Opus 1942. The organ console contained five manuals (keyboards), one of only three such instruments ever made by the Wurlitzer company. The organ, which had 21 ranks of pipes, was removed from the theater in 1948. It was installed in the Los Angeles home studio of Richard Vaughn, an executive at the Hi-Fi Records label.", "Paradise Theater (Bronx) The Paradise Theater, formerly Loew's Paradise Theatre, is a movie palace-type theater located at 2403 Grand Concourse in Bronx, New York. Constructed in 1929 at the height of grand movie theaters, in the later 20th century the building was used also for live entertainment. It was leased in 2012 for use by the World Changers Church International New York, based in Fulton County, Georgia, for founding a local congregation. Loew's Paradise Theatre opened on September 7, 1929 with Warner Oland in the film \"The Mysterious Dr. Fu Manchu\" on the screen, plus a stage presentation \"Cameos\" produced by Chester Hale, and British organist Harold Ramsey playing the 4-manual, 23-rank Robert Morton \"Wonder Organ\". The Paradise was originally commissioned by the Paramount-Publix theater chain and was slated to be named the Venetian Theatre. Paramount-Publix withdrew from the project shortly before construction began and it was taken over by New York's largest movie theatre chain, Loew's Theatres. The theater was promoted as one of the five \"Loew's Wonder Theatres\". The first \"Wonder Theatre\", opened in January 1929, was Loew's Valencia Theatre in Jamaica, Queens. Loew's Paradise Theatre in the Bronx opened on the same day as Loew's Kings Theatre in Brooklyn. These were followed by Loew's Jersey Theatre in Jersey City, New Jersey, and finally Loew's 175th Street Theatre in Washington Heights, Manhattan. The Loew's Paradise Theatre was one of the last theatres built in the Atmospheric style toward the end of the \"movie palace\" building boom. The theater's architect, John Eberson, was famed for creating the Atmospheric theater design, which gave the illusion of an outdoor villa courtyard under a night sky."], "answer": {"text": "DeYoung began pushing for a more theatrical direction, while Shaw and Young favored a harder-edged approach.", "answer_start": 26}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1981?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1981, Styx released Paradise Theatre, a concept album that became their biggest hit, reaching No. 1", "answer_start": 474, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a single off the album?", "answer": {"text": "five singles, including the top ten hits \"The Best of Times\" by DeYoung (#3) and \"Too Much Time on My Hands\" by Shaw (#9).", "answer_start": 632, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they tour during this time?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the backmasking accusation?", "answer": {"text": "The band was accused by a California religious group and later the Parents Music Resource Center of backmasking Satanic messages", "answer_start": 831, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the band say about the accusations?", "answer": {"text": "James Young has denied this charge during his introduction for \"Snowblind\" when played live.", "answer_start": 1003, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did they do during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Throughout the 1980s, the band would use the Paradise Theatre (1981) album's opening track, \"Rockin' the Paradise\" (", "answer_start": 1460, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they use it for?", "answer": {"text": "to open their shows.", "answer_start": 1619, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_393a9f97f2884565b59293f93b58eafd_1_q#0", "question": "what happened to The Smashing Pumpkins in 2001?", "rewrite": "what happened to The Smashing Pumpkins in 2001?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album.", "Songs from the album were featured on MTV's \"Jersey Shore\", \u201cThe MTV Film and TV Awards\u201d, \u201cThe MTV Music Awards\u201d and 2012's film, \"The Vow\" starring Rachel McAdams and Channing Tatum. On September 9, 2009 Mazzaschi's former Motorhome bandmate Laura Ann Masura was injured in a motorcycle accident. Mazzaschi organized a benefit concert for her on November 8, 2009 in Los Angeles at the Echoplex where Billy Corgan of The Smashing Pumpkins performed under the alias The Backwards Clock Society along with Mark Tulin of the Electric Prunes and Kerry Brown of Chicago group Catherine. Light FM, The Pulsars, Butterfly Child, Kissing Cousins, and The Happy Stars (featuring Brian Young of Fountains of Wayne and Joe Skyward of the Posies) also performed. Corgan also donated two autographed instruments for auction including, Jimmy Chamberlin's drum kit from The Smashing Pumpkins debut record Gish, as well as a bass used at the very first Smashing Pumpkins show. Nicole Fiorentino later joined The Smashing Pumpkins in 2010. On October 4, 2011 Light FM released their fourth full-length record titled \"Buzz Kill City\" and toured theaters across the US opening for The Smashing Pumpkins and The Fancy Space People, featuring Don Bolles from the LA punk band the Germs. \u201cClick Click\u201d Light FM featuring Lloyd Hemmings - Shrek Forever After (2010)
\u201cProblems of Our Own\u201d - The Vow (2012)", "Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days.", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\" Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\" Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\" The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris) Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "Kerry Brown (musician) Kerry Brown (born 1963) is a record producer, movie soundtrack producer, music editor, composer, artist manager, and a musician. He was the drummer in Chicago alternative rock band Catherine in the 1990s. He was married to D'arcy Wretzky of The Smashing Pumpkins at that time, and is now married to Stacey Sher. He played drums for The Smashing Pumpkins on the song \"Blew Away\" and he produced \"Starla\" & \"Plume\" for the album \"Pisces Iscariot\". Kerry wrote for, played drums for, recorded, and produced, his band Catherine from 1985 to 1998. They officially released one 7\" single, an E.P., and two albums between 1991 and 1996. Catherine performed a one-off two song reunion set at a Smashing Pumpkins concert at the Riveria Theatre in Chicago, IL on 14 October 2011, featuring Billy Corgan on guitar. He also performed drums on The Smashing Pumpkins track \"Blew Away\" amongst his many various producer/engineer stints for the band. He played hand drums in Spirits in the Sky, a short lived live band that featured Corgan, Dave Navarro, Mark Tulin, Ysanne Spevack, and Mike Byrne. Kerry was the drummer in a one-off group called The Backwards Clock Society, which featured Tulin on bass and Billy Corgan on vocals and guitar. The one and only Backwards Clock Society show was held on 8 November 2009, at the Echoplex in Los Angeles, CA. The show was a benefit for Laura Ann Masura. Future bass player of The Smashing Pumpkins Nicole Fiorentino was performing with Light FM at this show, and was pointed out to Corgan by Kerry at this show. Kerry Brown has produced the music soundtracks to major Hollywood motion pictures including \"Blow\" and"], "answer": {"text": "After the breakup of his gothic rock band the Marked, singer and guitarist Billy Corgan left St. Petersburg, Florida, to return to his native city of Chicago,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_393a9f97f2884565b59293f93b58eafd_1_q#1", "question": "what did he do in chicago?", "rewrite": "what did Smashing Pumpkins singer Billy Corgan do in chicago?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"P.S. I Love You\". He is a supporter of many music-related productions, including the music documentary \" Hit So Hard\" about Patty Schemel of the band Hole, and David J of Bauhaus/Love and Rockets 2011 album, 'Not Long For This World'. The Smashing Pumpkins' 2007 album \"Zeitgeist\" was recorded in his home studio. At least 300 Smashing Pumpkins songs have been recorded in Brown's home studio during the 2000s in demo format, including original versions of many songs that later appeared on the eighth Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". In 2009, he joined Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan, Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, and several others in the band Spirits in the Sky. In September 2009, he went with Corgan to Chicago to begin work producing the Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". Brown has produced records for Los Angeles' legendary underground artists and bands, including Sky Saxon, Twilight Singers, Greg Dulli, Fancy Space People, The Woolly Bandits, Evil Beaver, Damien Youth and Ysanne Spevack. He continues to compose and record tracks for release of his own music, in which he sings and plays all the instruments. \"All credited as producer, recorder or mixer .\" \"Upcoming projects \" In January 2010, Brown announced that he is starting a record label with Corgan. This record label was to be called Startone Records and the roster includes The Electric Prunes, The Strawberry Alarm Clock, YaHoWha 13, Starchildren and Fancy Space People. However, the status of their collaboration for the label is unclear as it was announced that Brown and Corgan will no longer be working together as of December 2011.", "Zwan Zwan was an American alternative rock supergroup that was formed by Billy Corgan and Jimmy Chamberlin, lead singer and guitarist, and the drummer of the Smashing Pumpkins respectively, after they disbanded in December 2000. Other members included bassist Paz Lenchantin, of A Perfect Circle, and guitarists David Pajo and Matt Sweeney of various prior bands and projects. The band released only one album, \"Mary Star of the Sea\", in 2003, before breaking up acrimoniously that same year during their world tour to promote the album. Following the disbanding, Corgan released a solo album, \"TheFutureEmbrace\" before reforming the Smashing Pumpkins in 2005, with Chamberlin in 2006. Despite allusions to multiple album's worth of material written by band members, no further material has surfaced beyond their only studio album, and none of the material has ever been revisited in performances by any of the members outside of a brief 2017 tour by Corgan. In his solo shows in the summer of 2019, Corgan played Honestly and Endless Summer on his European summer tour at some dates. Following the breakup of the Smashing Pumpkins, Corgan and drummer Jimmy Chamberlin joined forces with Matt Sweeney (formerly of the bands Chavez and Skunk) to start Zwan. Corgan had been friends with Sweeney since early in his career and Sweeney was thanked in the liner notes to The Smashing Pumpkins album \"Siamese Dream\". Juan Alderete was one of the musicians who auditioned for the bassist position, before Sweeney recruited David Pajo (member of Slint, Papa M, Stereolab and many Drag City acts). The band debuted as a four-piece in late 2001. Later, former A Perfect Circle's bassist Paz Lenchantin joined the band in 2002, and Pajo was moved as their third guitarist. Zwan had two different incarnations.", "List of the Smashing Pumpkins band members The Smashing Pumpkins are an alternative rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois in 1988. The band was formed by guitarist/vocalist Billy Corgan and guitarist James Iha after the demise of Corgan's first band, the Marked. Since its inception, the Smashing Pumpkins has gone through multiple line-up changes, with Corgan the only consistent member. After the breakup of his gothic rock band the Marked, singer and guitarist Billy Corgan left St. Petersburg, Florida, to return to his native city of Chicago, where he took a job in a record store. While working there, he met guitarist James Iha. The pair soon began writing songs together with the aid of a drum machine. Corgan met bassist D'arcy Wretzky in mid 1988 after a show by the Dan Reed Network where they argued the merits of the band. After finding out Wretzky played bass, Corgan stated his band's need for a bassist and gave Wretzky his telephone number. Wretzky soon joined the band, and she and Iha later had a short-lived romance. The first performance of the Smashing Pumpkins was on July 9, 1988, at the Polish bar Chicago 21. This performance included only Corgan and Iha with a drum machine. On August 10, 1988, the band played for the first time as a trio at the Avalon Nightclub. After this show, Cabaret Metro owner Joe Shanahan agreed to book the band on the condition that they replace the drum machine with a live drummer. Jazz drummer Jimmy Chamberlin was recruited for the band after a recommendation from a friend of Corgan's. On October 5, 1988, the complete band took the stage for the first time at the Cabaret Metro.", "Kerry Brown (musician) Kerry Brown (born 1963) is a record producer, movie soundtrack producer, music editor, composer, artist manager, and a musician. He was the drummer in Chicago alternative rock band Catherine in the 1990s. He was married to D'arcy Wretzky of The Smashing Pumpkins at that time, and is now married to Stacey Sher. He played drums for The Smashing Pumpkins on the song \"Blew Away\" and he produced \"Starla\" & \"Plume\" for the album \"Pisces Iscariot\". Kerry wrote for, played drums for, recorded, and produced, his band Catherine from 1985 to 1998. They officially released one 7\" single, an E.P., and two albums between 1991 and 1996. Catherine performed a one-off two song reunion set at a Smashing Pumpkins concert at the Riveria Theatre in Chicago, IL on 14 October 2011, featuring Billy Corgan on guitar. He also performed drums on The Smashing Pumpkins track \"Blew Away\" amongst his many various producer/engineer stints for the band. He played hand drums in Spirits in the Sky, a short lived live band that featured Corgan, Dave Navarro, Mark Tulin, Ysanne Spevack, and Mike Byrne. Kerry was the drummer in a one-off group called The Backwards Clock Society, which featured Tulin on bass and Billy Corgan on vocals and guitar. The one and only Backwards Clock Society show was held on 8 November 2009, at the Echoplex in Los Angeles, CA. The show was a benefit for Laura Ann Masura. Future bass player of The Smashing Pumpkins Nicole Fiorentino was performing with Light FM at this show, and was pointed out to Corgan by Kerry at this show. Kerry Brown has produced the music soundtracks to major Hollywood motion pictures including \"Blow\" and", "Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days."], "answer": {"text": "While working there, he met guitarist James Iha. Adorning themselves with paisley and other psychedelic trappings, the two began writing songs together", "answer_start": 267}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to The Smashing Pumpkins in 2001?", "answer": {"text": "After the breakup of his gothic rock band the Marked, singer and guitarist Billy Corgan left St. Petersburg, Florida, to return to his native city of Chicago,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_393a9f97f2884565b59293f93b58eafd_1_q#2", "question": "what songs did they write?", "rewrite": "what songs did The Smashing Pumpkins write?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"P.S. I Love You\". He is a supporter of many music-related productions, including the music documentary \" Hit So Hard\" about Patty Schemel of the band Hole, and David J of Bauhaus/Love and Rockets 2011 album, 'Not Long For This World'. The Smashing Pumpkins' 2007 album \"Zeitgeist\" was recorded in his home studio. At least 300 Smashing Pumpkins songs have been recorded in Brown's home studio during the 2000s in demo format, including original versions of many songs that later appeared on the eighth Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". In 2009, he joined Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan, Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, and several others in the band Spirits in the Sky. In September 2009, he went with Corgan to Chicago to begin work producing the Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". Brown has produced records for Los Angeles' legendary underground artists and bands, including Sky Saxon, Twilight Singers, Greg Dulli, Fancy Space People, The Woolly Bandits, Evil Beaver, Damien Youth and Ysanne Spevack. He continues to compose and record tracks for release of his own music, in which he sings and plays all the instruments. \"All credited as producer, recorder or mixer .\" \"Upcoming projects \" In January 2010, Brown announced that he is starting a record label with Corgan. This record label was to be called Startone Records and the roster includes The Electric Prunes, The Strawberry Alarm Clock, YaHoWha 13, Starchildren and Fancy Space People. However, the status of their collaboration for the label is unclear as it was announced that Brown and Corgan will no longer be working together as of December 2011.", "In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album.", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\" Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\" Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\" The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris) Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "Songs from the album were featured on MTV's \"Jersey Shore\", \u201cThe MTV Film and TV Awards\u201d, \u201cThe MTV Music Awards\u201d and 2012's film, \"The Vow\" starring Rachel McAdams and Channing Tatum. On September 9, 2009 Mazzaschi's former Motorhome bandmate Laura Ann Masura was injured in a motorcycle accident. Mazzaschi organized a benefit concert for her on November 8, 2009 in Los Angeles at the Echoplex where Billy Corgan of The Smashing Pumpkins performed under the alias The Backwards Clock Society along with Mark Tulin of the Electric Prunes and Kerry Brown of Chicago group Catherine. Light FM, The Pulsars, Butterfly Child, Kissing Cousins, and The Happy Stars (featuring Brian Young of Fountains of Wayne and Joe Skyward of the Posies) also performed. Corgan also donated two autographed instruments for auction including, Jimmy Chamberlin's drum kit from The Smashing Pumpkins debut record Gish, as well as a bass used at the very first Smashing Pumpkins show. Nicole Fiorentino later joined The Smashing Pumpkins in 2010. On October 4, 2011 Light FM released their fourth full-length record titled \"Buzz Kill City\" and toured theaters across the US opening for The Smashing Pumpkins and The Fancy Space People, featuring Don Bolles from the LA punk band the Germs. \u201cClick Click\u201d Light FM featuring Lloyd Hemmings - Shrek Forever After (2010)
\u201cProblems of Our Own\u201d - The Vow (2012)", "Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days."], "answer": {"text": ") that were heavily influenced by The Cure and New Order. The duo performed live for the first time on July 9, 1988 at the Polish bar Chicago 21.", "answer_start": 450}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to The Smashing Pumpkins in 2001?", "answer": {"text": "After the breakup of his gothic rock band the Marked, singer and guitarist Billy Corgan left St. Petersburg, Florida, to return to his native city of Chicago,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do in chicago?", "answer": {"text": "While working there, he met guitarist James Iha. Adorning themselves with paisley and other psychedelic trappings, the two began writing songs together", "answer_start": 267, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_393a9f97f2884565b59293f93b58eafd_1_q#3", "question": "what was their biggest accomplishment?", "rewrite": "what was The Smashing Pumpkinsbiggest accomplishment?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tettigoniidae Insects in the family Tettigoniidae are commonly called katydids (in Australia, South Africa, and the United States), or bush crickets. They have previously been known as long-horned grasshoppers. More than 6,400 species are known. Part of the suborder Ensifera, the Tettigoniidae are the only extant (living) family in the superfamily Tettigonioidea. They are primarily nocturnal in habit with strident mating calls. Many katydids exhibit mimicry and camouflage, commonly with shapes and colors similar to leaves. The family name Tettigoniidae is derived from the genus \"Tettigonia\", first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. In Latin \"tettigonia\" means leafhopper; it is from the Greek \"tettigonion\", the diminutive of the imitative (onomatopoeic) \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03c4\u03b9\u03be, \"tettix\", cicada. All of these names such as \"tettix\" with repeated sounds are onomatopoeic, imitating the stridulation of these insects. The common name \"katydid\" is also onomatopoeic and comes from the particularly loud, three-pulsed song, often rendered \"\"ka-ty-did\"\", of the nominate subspecies of the North American \"Pterophylla camellifolia\", whose most common English name is the common true katydid. Tettigoniids range in size from as small as to as large as . The smaller species typically live in drier or more stressful habitats which may lead to their small size. The small size is associated with greater agility, faster development, and lower nutritional needs.", "Smashing Magazine Smashing Magazine is a website and eBook publisher that offers editorial content and professional resources for web developers and web designers. It was founded in 2006 by Sven Lennartz and Vitaly Friedman as part of the German-based Smashing Media AG. Since 2012, it also runs web design conferences in Europe and North America, known as Smashing Conference. Rachel Andrew was named editor-in-chief of the online magazine in October 2017. With 3 Million monthly page views (as of May 2017), 1,000,000 worldwide Twitter followers, 295,000 Facebook fans, 252,000 subscribers on Feedly, as well as over 230,000 newsletter subscribers, Smashing Magazine is one of the most active and largest publishers of web development resources. Notable for its vibrant community, The Huffington Post has ranked Smashing Magazine as one of the best places for web developers to find jobs. Articles With more than three million page views per month, Smashing Magazine is one of the world's most popular and highly regarded magazines in the area of web design and web development. Topics include web design, graphic design, and user experience. The content is primarily targeted toward advanced web design and development professionals. Conferences Smashing Magazine hosts four annual conferences, founded in 2012 by Marc Thiele and Vitaly Friedmann, that take place in New York City, San Francisco, Barcelona, and Freiburg. Each conference consists of two-day, single-track talks and workshops featuring prominent members of the industry discussing web design trends and insights. Notable speakers include Stefan Sagmeister, Jon Burgerman, Peter Sunde, and Daniel Burka. Library On November 27, 2012, Smashing Magazine started their Smashing Library, containing more than 60 eBooks and videos on web design. The bundle provides new, curated content on design best practices and coding techniques, as well as access to the publication's most recent back-catalogue.", "In 1915 during World War I, the family received the status of refugees being ethnic Italian of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and they stayed in Milan, where Riccardo completed elementary school, and attended the boys technical college in Tortona. During school holidays Richard visited Mestre, to the villa of Count Gustav Soranzo (an ancient Venetian noble family), his great-uncle from his mother\u2019s family the Bousquet \u2019s. It was during one of these holidays that Riccardo, just thirteen; joined the Italian Fascists and remained a member until 1923. However, at seventeen he changed his political views becoming a communist, and in 1923 enlisted in the volunteer Army. He attended the Military Academy of Modena, becoming a Sergeant. He was discharged in December 1925 following a failed anti-Fascist Action in Ravenna, and became the subject of Police surveillance and earned a police dossier as being a subversive and dangerous communist. He was later arrested by security police for allegedly being involved with handling illegal weapons in Venice harbour, for which he was sentenced to six months in prison. He was then arrested again in October 1926, under the recently introduced laws \u2018fascistissime\u2019 (capable of organizing attacks against the Duce), and sentenced to 3 years in prison. He was a political exile to Pantelleria from November 1926 to March 1927 and then to Ustica until October 1927, when he was conditionally released on grounds of his poor health, and extorted testimony against other fellow prisoners. After prison he returned to the Veneto, where the family lived and was recruited as an agent by the Blackshirts Militia for National Security (MVSN) and sent into service in Gorizia.", "National Association of State Budget Officers The National Association of State Budget Officers (NASBO) has served as the professional membership organization for state finance officers for more than sixty years. NASBO is the instrument through which the states collectively advance state budget practices. As the chief financial advisors to our nation\u2019s governors, NASBO members are active participants in the public policy discussions at the state level. The major functions of the organization consist of research, policy development, education, training, and technical assistance. These are achieved primarily through NASBO\u2019s publications, membership meetings, and training sessions. NASBO is an independent professional and educational association and is also an affiliate of the National Governors Association. NASBO is a nonpartisan, nonprofit research and educational organization. Each state and territory may designate up to three members. Members are often the directors of state finance departments, the states\u2019 chief budget officers, and their deputies. All staff in the budget offices are associate members. The organization also awards honorary and life memberships. The organization\u2019s Executive Committee is the policy-making body. The Executive Committee consists of the President, the Immediate Past President, the President- Elect, four Standing Committee Chairs, four Regional Directors, two Members- at-Large, and up to two Special Committee Chairs. Fiscal Survey of States This survey is published jointly with the National Governors Association twice a year in the spring and fall. Narrative analysis of trends and significant developments on the fiscal condition of the states, along with tabular summaries of state general fund revenues, expenditures, and balances are included in the report. It includes both individual and aggregate totals based on states' responses to a survey conducted by NASBO. The spring survey details governors' proposed budgets while the fall survey details enacted budgets. State Expenditure Report", "According to Hinds, in addition to Yazid's nobility, age and sound judgement, \"most important of all was the fact that he represented a continuation of the link with Kalb and so a continuation of the Kalb-led [tribal] confederacy on which Sufyanid power ultimately rested\". In nominating Yazid, the son of the Kalbite Maysun, Mu'awiya bypassed his older son Abd Allah from his Qurayshite wife Fakhita. Though support from the Kalb and the broader Quda'a group was guaranteed, Mu'awiya exhorted Yazid to widen his tribal support base in Syria. As the Qaysites were the predominant element in the northern frontier armies, Mu'awiya's appointment of Yazid to lead the war efforts with Byzantium may have served to foster Qaysite support for his nomination. Mu'awiya's efforts to that end were not entirely successful as reflected in a line by a Qaysite poet: \"we will never pay allegiance to the son of a Kalbi woman [i.e. Yazid]\". In Medina, Mu'awiya's distant kinsmen Marwan ibn al-Hakam, Sa'id ibn al-As and Ibn Amir accepted Mu'awiya's succession order, albeit disapprovingly. Most opponents of Mu'awiya's order in Iraq and among the Umayyads and Quraysh of the Hejaz were ultimately threatened or bribed into acceptance. The remaining principle opposition emanated from Husayn ibn Ali, Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, Abd Allah ibn Umar and Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr, all prominent Medina-based sons of earlier caliphs or close companions of Muhammad."], "answer": {"text": "In 1989 the Smashing Pumpkins made their first appearance on record with the compilation album Light Into Dark, which featured several Chicago alternative bands.", "answer_start": 1614}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to The Smashing Pumpkins in 2001?", "answer": {"text": "After the breakup of his gothic rock band the Marked, singer and guitarist Billy Corgan left St. Petersburg, Florida, to return to his native city of Chicago,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do in chicago?", "answer": {"text": "While working there, he met guitarist James Iha. Adorning themselves with paisley and other psychedelic trappings, the two began writing songs together", "answer_start": 267, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what songs did they write?", "answer": {"text": ") that were heavily influenced by The Cure and New Order. The duo performed live for the first time on July 9, 1988 at the Polish bar Chicago 21.", "answer_start": 450, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_393a9f97f2884565b59293f93b58eafd_1_q#4", "question": "did the album make the charts?", "rewrite": "did Light into Dark by The Smashing Pumpkins make the charts?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\" Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\" Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\" The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris) Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album.", "Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days.", "Kerry Brown (musician) Kerry Brown (born 1963) is a record producer, movie soundtrack producer, music editor, composer, artist manager, and a musician. He was the drummer in Chicago alternative rock band Catherine in the 1990s. He was married to D'arcy Wretzky of The Smashing Pumpkins at that time, and is now married to Stacey Sher. He played drums for The Smashing Pumpkins on the song \"Blew Away\" and he produced \"Starla\" & \"Plume\" for the album \"Pisces Iscariot\". Kerry wrote for, played drums for, recorded, and produced, his band Catherine from 1985 to 1998. They officially released one 7\" single, an E.P., and two albums between 1991 and 1996. Catherine performed a one-off two song reunion set at a Smashing Pumpkins concert at the Riveria Theatre in Chicago, IL on 14 October 2011, featuring Billy Corgan on guitar. He also performed drums on The Smashing Pumpkins track \"Blew Away\" amongst his many various producer/engineer stints for the band. He played hand drums in Spirits in the Sky, a short lived live band that featured Corgan, Dave Navarro, Mark Tulin, Ysanne Spevack, and Mike Byrne. Kerry was the drummer in a one-off group called The Backwards Clock Society, which featured Tulin on bass and Billy Corgan on vocals and guitar. The one and only Backwards Clock Society show was held on 8 November 2009, at the Echoplex in Los Angeles, CA. The show was a benefit for Laura Ann Masura. Future bass player of The Smashing Pumpkins Nicole Fiorentino was performing with Light FM at this show, and was pointed out to Corgan by Kerry at this show. Kerry Brown has produced the music soundtracks to major Hollywood motion pictures including \"Blow\" and", "Songs from the album were featured on MTV's \"Jersey Shore\", \u201cThe MTV Film and TV Awards\u201d, \u201cThe MTV Music Awards\u201d and 2012's film, \"The Vow\" starring Rachel McAdams and Channing Tatum. On September 9, 2009 Mazzaschi's former Motorhome bandmate Laura Ann Masura was injured in a motorcycle accident. Mazzaschi organized a benefit concert for her on November 8, 2009 in Los Angeles at the Echoplex where Billy Corgan of The Smashing Pumpkins performed under the alias The Backwards Clock Society along with Mark Tulin of the Electric Prunes and Kerry Brown of Chicago group Catherine. Light FM, The Pulsars, Butterfly Child, Kissing Cousins, and The Happy Stars (featuring Brian Young of Fountains of Wayne and Joe Skyward of the Posies) also performed. Corgan also donated two autographed instruments for auction including, Jimmy Chamberlin's drum kit from The Smashing Pumpkins debut record Gish, as well as a bass used at the very first Smashing Pumpkins show. Nicole Fiorentino later joined The Smashing Pumpkins in 2010. On October 4, 2011 Light FM released their fourth full-length record titled \"Buzz Kill City\" and toured theaters across the US opening for The Smashing Pumpkins and The Fancy Space People, featuring Don Bolles from the LA punk band the Germs. \u201cClick Click\u201d Light FM featuring Lloyd Hemmings - Shrek Forever After (2010)
\u201cProblems of Our Own\u201d - The Vow (2012)"], "answer": {"text": "The group released its first single, \"I Am One\", in 1990 on local Chicago label Limited Potential. The single sold out and they released a follow-up, \"Tristessa\",", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to The Smashing Pumpkins in 2001?", "answer": {"text": "After the breakup of his gothic rock band the Marked, singer and guitarist Billy Corgan left St. Petersburg, Florida, to return to his native city of Chicago,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do in chicago?", "answer": {"text": "While working there, he met guitarist James Iha. Adorning themselves with paisley and other psychedelic trappings, the two began writing songs together", "answer_start": 267, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what songs did they write?", "answer": {"text": ") that were heavily influenced by The Cure and New Order. The duo performed live for the first time on July 9, 1988 at the Polish bar Chicago 21.", "answer_start": 450, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was their biggest accomplishment?", "answer": {"text": "In 1989 the Smashing Pumpkins made their first appearance on record with the compilation album Light Into Dark, which featured several Chicago alternative bands.", "answer_start": 1614, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_393a9f97f2884565b59293f93b58eafd_1_q#5", "question": "how did the follow-up do?", "rewrite": "how did the follow-up to The Smashing Pumpkins album Light into Dark do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Zwan Zwan was an American alternative rock supergroup that was formed by Billy Corgan and Jimmy Chamberlin, lead singer and guitarist, and the drummer of the Smashing Pumpkins respectively, after they disbanded in December 2000. Other members included bassist Paz Lenchantin, of A Perfect Circle, and guitarists David Pajo and Matt Sweeney of various prior bands and projects. The band released only one album, \"Mary Star of the Sea\", in 2003, before breaking up acrimoniously that same year during their world tour to promote the album. Following the disbanding, Corgan released a solo album, \"TheFutureEmbrace\" before reforming the Smashing Pumpkins in 2005, with Chamberlin in 2006. Despite allusions to multiple album's worth of material written by band members, no further material has surfaced beyond their only studio album, and none of the material has ever been revisited in performances by any of the members outside of a brief 2017 tour by Corgan. In his solo shows in the summer of 2019, Corgan played Honestly and Endless Summer on his European summer tour at some dates. Following the breakup of the Smashing Pumpkins, Corgan and drummer Jimmy Chamberlin joined forces with Matt Sweeney (formerly of the bands Chavez and Skunk) to start Zwan. Corgan had been friends with Sweeney since early in his career and Sweeney was thanked in the liner notes to The Smashing Pumpkins album \"Siamese Dream\". Juan Alderete was one of the musicians who auditioned for the bassist position, before Sweeney recruited David Pajo (member of Slint, Papa M, Stereolab and many Drag City acts). The band debuted as a four-piece in late 2001. Later, former A Perfect Circle's bassist Paz Lenchantin joined the band in 2002, and Pajo was moved as their third guitarist. Zwan had two different incarnations.", "\"P.S. I Love You\". He is a supporter of many music-related productions, including the music documentary \" Hit So Hard\" about Patty Schemel of the band Hole, and David J of Bauhaus/Love and Rockets 2011 album, 'Not Long For This World'. The Smashing Pumpkins' 2007 album \"Zeitgeist\" was recorded in his home studio. At least 300 Smashing Pumpkins songs have been recorded in Brown's home studio during the 2000s in demo format, including original versions of many songs that later appeared on the eighth Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". In 2009, he joined Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan, Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, and several others in the band Spirits in the Sky. In September 2009, he went with Corgan to Chicago to begin work producing the Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". Brown has produced records for Los Angeles' legendary underground artists and bands, including Sky Saxon, Twilight Singers, Greg Dulli, Fancy Space People, The Woolly Bandits, Evil Beaver, Damien Youth and Ysanne Spevack. He continues to compose and record tracks for release of his own music, in which he sings and plays all the instruments. \"All credited as producer, recorder or mixer .\" \"Upcoming projects \" In January 2010, Brown announced that he is starting a record label with Corgan. This record label was to be called Startone Records and the roster includes The Electric Prunes, The Strawberry Alarm Clock, YaHoWha 13, Starchildren and Fancy Space People. However, the status of their collaboration for the label is unclear as it was announced that Brown and Corgan will no longer be working together as of December 2011.", "Zeitgeist (The Smashing Pumpkins album) Zeitgeist is the seventh studio album by American rock band The Smashing Pumpkins, released on July 10, 2007 by Martha's Music and Reprise Records. It was the band's first album following their reunion in 2005, and was produced by Roy Thomas Baker, Billy Corgan, Jimmy Chamberlin, and Terry Date. The album debuted strongly, but sales soon decreased, and critical reception was mixed. It was certified Gold in the United States on February 1, 2008. This is their final album to feature the drummer Jimmy Chamberlin, until his comeback in 2018's \"\". After The Smashing Pumpkins disbanded in 2000, Corgan and Chamberlin reunited for the short-lived supergroup Zwan, also featuring members of Slint, Chavez, and A Perfect Circle. The group released one album, \"Mary Star of the Sea\", before dissolving in 2003. Chamberlin then formed Jimmy Chamberlin Complex, while Corgan would focus on a solo album. On June 21, 2005, the day of the release of his album \"TheFutureEmbrace\", Corgan took out full-page advertisements in the \"Chicago Tribune\" and \"Chicago Sun-Times\" to announce that he had \"made plans to renew and revive the Smashing Pumpkins.\" Chamberlin soon announced that he would be rejoining the band, and the two began living together in north Scottsdale, Arizona in November 2005, writing and rehearsing new songs. Within three weeks of practicing, the pair decided they had recaptured the sound of the band and prepared to record a new album. On April 20, 2006, the band's website confirmed that the band had reunited and started work on a new album. The website later announced that the new album would be produced by Roy Thomas Baker.", "The End Is the Beginning Is the End \" The End Is the Beginning Is the End \" is a Grammy Award-winning song by American alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins. It is the first full-band song released as a single by the Smashing Pumpkins in the aftermath of their 1995 album, \"Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness\". It is their first release with drummer Matt Walker, who later drummed on several tracks of \"Adore\" and all of James Iha's \"Let It Come Down\". The song reached the top 10 in eight countries and won the Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance. Frontman Billy Corgan said of the song, He further commented that the song's lyrics were meant to represent the Batman of the 1940s, when he was a \"darker character\". Many fans saw the new sound of \" The End Is the Beginning Is the End\", featuring a drum machine and added emphasis on the distorted guitars, as a taste of the sound of the next Smashing Pumpkins album, with Corgan himself saying the sound is \"probably like what you would expect from us in the future.\" Despite its Grammy win and a strong promotion in conjunction with \"Batman & Robin\", \"The End Is the Beginning Is the End \" has not had a strong commercial legacy in the US. While it was well received by American rock radio, the song found particularly strong chart success in other countries, reaching the top ten of both the Australian and UK Singles Charts. Since the single and video were released under Warner Bros. Records, the band was unable to use them for future releases, leaving them notably absent from their \"Greatest Hits\" DVD and CD releases. \" The End Is the Beginning Is the End\", as well as the single's b-sides, were released in 2005 on the digital-only compilation \"Rarities and B-Sides\".", "Adore (The Smashing Pumpkins album) Adore is the fourth studio album by the American alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins, released in June 1998 by Virgin Records. After the multi-platinum success of \"Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness\" and a subsequent yearlong world tour, follow-up \"Adore\" was considered \"one of the most anticipated albums of 1998\" by MTV. Recording the album proved to be a challenge as the band members struggled with lingering interpersonal problems and musical uncertainty in the wake of three increasingly successful rock albums and the departure of drummer Jimmy Chamberlin. Frontman Billy Corgan would later characterize \"Adore\" as \"a band falling apart\". Corgan has also mentioned he was going through a divorce while recording the album. The result was a much more subdued and electronica-tinged sound that Greg Kot of \"Rolling Stone\" magazine called \"a complete break with the past\". The album divided the fan base and sold only a fraction of the previous two albums. However, the album was well received by critics, and became the third straight Pumpkins album to be nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Performance and has gained a cult following. A remastered and expanded version of the album was released on CD and vinyl in September 2014 as a part of the band's project to reissue their back catalogue from 1991\u20132000. The Smashing Pumpkins had cemented their place as a cultural force with the multi-platinum \"Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness\". Feeling the limitations of their guitar-driven hard rock sound, the band had started to branch out during the making of \"Mellon Collie\", and, after the chart-topping success of the electronic-leaning \"1979\", the band zeroed in on electronica."], "answer": {"text": "The band recorded their 1991 debut studio album Gish with producer Butch Vig at his Smart Studios in Madison, Wisconsin for $20,000.", "answer_start": 220}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to The Smashing Pumpkins in 2001?", "answer": {"text": "After the breakup of his gothic rock band the Marked, singer and guitarist Billy Corgan left St. Petersburg, Florida, to return to his native city of Chicago,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do in chicago?", "answer": {"text": "While working there, he met guitarist James Iha. Adorning themselves with paisley and other psychedelic trappings, the two began writing songs together", "answer_start": 267, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what songs did they write?", "answer": {"text": ") that were heavily influenced by The Cure and New Order. The duo performed live for the first time on July 9, 1988 at the Polish bar Chicago 21.", "answer_start": 450, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was their biggest accomplishment?", "answer": {"text": "In 1989 the Smashing Pumpkins made their first appearance on record with the compilation album Light Into Dark, which featured several Chicago alternative bands.", "answer_start": 1614, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the album make the charts?", "answer": {"text": "The group released its first single, \"I Am One\", in 1990 on local Chicago label Limited Potential. The single sold out and they released a follow-up, \"Tristessa\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_393a9f97f2884565b59293f93b58eafd_1_q#6", "question": "did that album do well?", "rewrite": "did the album Light Into Dark by The Smashing Pumpkins do well?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Songs from the album were featured on MTV's \"Jersey Shore\", \u201cThe MTV Film and TV Awards\u201d, \u201cThe MTV Music Awards\u201d and 2012's film, \"The Vow\" starring Rachel McAdams and Channing Tatum. On September 9, 2009 Mazzaschi's former Motorhome bandmate Laura Ann Masura was injured in a motorcycle accident. Mazzaschi organized a benefit concert for her on November 8, 2009 in Los Angeles at the Echoplex where Billy Corgan of The Smashing Pumpkins performed under the alias The Backwards Clock Society along with Mark Tulin of the Electric Prunes and Kerry Brown of Chicago group Catherine. Light FM, The Pulsars, Butterfly Child, Kissing Cousins, and The Happy Stars (featuring Brian Young of Fountains of Wayne and Joe Skyward of the Posies) also performed. Corgan also donated two autographed instruments for auction including, Jimmy Chamberlin's drum kit from The Smashing Pumpkins debut record Gish, as well as a bass used at the very first Smashing Pumpkins show. Nicole Fiorentino later joined The Smashing Pumpkins in 2010. On October 4, 2011 Light FM released their fourth full-length record titled \"Buzz Kill City\" and toured theaters across the US opening for The Smashing Pumpkins and The Fancy Space People, featuring Don Bolles from the LA punk band the Germs. \u201cClick Click\u201d Light FM featuring Lloyd Hemmings - Shrek Forever After (2010)
\u201cProblems of Our Own\u201d - The Vow (2012)", "Kerry Brown (musician) Kerry Brown (born 1963) is a record producer, movie soundtrack producer, music editor, composer, artist manager, and a musician. He was the drummer in Chicago alternative rock band Catherine in the 1990s. He was married to D'arcy Wretzky of The Smashing Pumpkins at that time, and is now married to Stacey Sher. He played drums for The Smashing Pumpkins on the song \"Blew Away\" and he produced \"Starla\" & \"Plume\" for the album \"Pisces Iscariot\". Kerry wrote for, played drums for, recorded, and produced, his band Catherine from 1985 to 1998. They officially released one 7\" single, an E.P., and two albums between 1991 and 1996. Catherine performed a one-off two song reunion set at a Smashing Pumpkins concert at the Riveria Theatre in Chicago, IL on 14 October 2011, featuring Billy Corgan on guitar. He also performed drums on The Smashing Pumpkins track \"Blew Away\" amongst his many various producer/engineer stints for the band. He played hand drums in Spirits in the Sky, a short lived live band that featured Corgan, Dave Navarro, Mark Tulin, Ysanne Spevack, and Mike Byrne. Kerry was the drummer in a one-off group called The Backwards Clock Society, which featured Tulin on bass and Billy Corgan on vocals and guitar. The one and only Backwards Clock Society show was held on 8 November 2009, at the Echoplex in Los Angeles, CA. The show was a benefit for Laura Ann Masura. Future bass player of The Smashing Pumpkins Nicole Fiorentino was performing with Light FM at this show, and was pointed out to Corgan by Kerry at this show. Kerry Brown has produced the music soundtracks to major Hollywood motion pictures including \"Blow\" and", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\" Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\" Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\" The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris) Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days.", "In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album."], "answer": {"text": "Gish became a minor success, with the single \"Rhinoceros\" receiving some airplay on modern rock radio. After", "answer_start": 599}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to The Smashing Pumpkins in 2001?", "answer": {"text": "After the breakup of his gothic rock band the Marked, singer and guitarist Billy Corgan left St. Petersburg, Florida, to return to his native city of Chicago,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do in chicago?", "answer": {"text": "While working there, he met guitarist James Iha. Adorning themselves with paisley and other psychedelic trappings, the two began writing songs together", "answer_start": 267, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what songs did they write?", "answer": {"text": ") that were heavily influenced by The Cure and New Order. The duo performed live for the first time on July 9, 1988 at the Polish bar Chicago 21.", "answer_start": 450, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was their biggest accomplishment?", "answer": {"text": "In 1989 the Smashing Pumpkins made their first appearance on record with the compilation album Light Into Dark, which featured several Chicago alternative bands.", "answer_start": 1614, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the album make the charts?", "answer": {"text": "The group released its first single, \"I Am One\", in 1990 on local Chicago label Limited Potential. The single sold out and they released a follow-up, \"Tristessa\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "how did the follow-up do?", "answer": {"text": "The band recorded their 1991 debut studio album Gish with producer Butch Vig at his Smart Studios in Madison, Wisconsin for $20,000.", "answer_start": 220, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_393a9f97f2884565b59293f93b58eafd_1_q#7", "question": "what happened after?", "rewrite": "what happened the Smashing Pumpkins album Light into dark played on the radio?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Zeitgeist (The Smashing Pumpkins album) Zeitgeist is the seventh studio album by American rock band The Smashing Pumpkins, released on July 10, 2007 by Martha's Music and Reprise Records. It was the band's first album following their reunion in 2005, and was produced by Roy Thomas Baker, Billy Corgan, Jimmy Chamberlin, and Terry Date. The album debuted strongly, but sales soon decreased, and critical reception was mixed. It was certified Gold in the United States on February 1, 2008. This is their final album to feature the drummer Jimmy Chamberlin, until his comeback in 2018's \"\". After The Smashing Pumpkins disbanded in 2000, Corgan and Chamberlin reunited for the short-lived supergroup Zwan, also featuring members of Slint, Chavez, and A Perfect Circle. The group released one album, \"Mary Star of the Sea\", before dissolving in 2003. Chamberlin then formed Jimmy Chamberlin Complex, while Corgan would focus on a solo album. On June 21, 2005, the day of the release of his album \"TheFutureEmbrace\", Corgan took out full-page advertisements in the \"Chicago Tribune\" and \"Chicago Sun-Times\" to announce that he had \"made plans to renew and revive the Smashing Pumpkins.\" Chamberlin soon announced that he would be rejoining the band, and the two began living together in north Scottsdale, Arizona in November 2005, writing and rehearsing new songs. Within three weeks of practicing, the pair decided they had recaptured the sound of the band and prepared to record a new album. On April 20, 2006, the band's website confirmed that the band had reunited and started work on a new album. The website later announced that the new album would be produced by Roy Thomas Baker.", "Adore (The Smashing Pumpkins album) Adore is the fourth studio album by the American alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins, released in June 1998 by Virgin Records. After the multi-platinum success of \"Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness\" and a subsequent yearlong world tour, follow-up \"Adore\" was considered \"one of the most anticipated albums of 1998\" by MTV. Recording the album proved to be a challenge as the band members struggled with lingering interpersonal problems and musical uncertainty in the wake of three increasingly successful rock albums and the departure of drummer Jimmy Chamberlin. Frontman Billy Corgan would later characterize \"Adore\" as \"a band falling apart\". Corgan has also mentioned he was going through a divorce while recording the album. The result was a much more subdued and electronica-tinged sound that Greg Kot of \"Rolling Stone\" magazine called \"a complete break with the past\". The album divided the fan base and sold only a fraction of the previous two albums. However, the album was well received by critics, and became the third straight Pumpkins album to be nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Performance and has gained a cult following. A remastered and expanded version of the album was released on CD and vinyl in September 2014 as a part of the band's project to reissue their back catalogue from 1991\u20132000. The Smashing Pumpkins had cemented their place as a cultural force with the multi-platinum \"Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness\". Feeling the limitations of their guitar-driven hard rock sound, the band had started to branch out during the making of \"Mellon Collie\", and, after the chart-topping success of the electronic-leaning \"1979\", the band zeroed in on electronica.", "The End Is the Beginning Is the End \" The End Is the Beginning Is the End \" is a Grammy Award-winning song by American alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins. It is the first full-band song released as a single by the Smashing Pumpkins in the aftermath of their 1995 album, \"Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness\". It is their first release with drummer Matt Walker, who later drummed on several tracks of \"Adore\" and all of James Iha's \"Let It Come Down\". The song reached the top 10 in eight countries and won the Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance. Frontman Billy Corgan said of the song, He further commented that the song's lyrics were meant to represent the Batman of the 1940s, when he was a \"darker character\". Many fans saw the new sound of \" The End Is the Beginning Is the End\", featuring a drum machine and added emphasis on the distorted guitars, as a taste of the sound of the next Smashing Pumpkins album, with Corgan himself saying the sound is \"probably like what you would expect from us in the future.\" Despite its Grammy win and a strong promotion in conjunction with \"Batman & Robin\", \"The End Is the Beginning Is the End \" has not had a strong commercial legacy in the US. While it was well received by American rock radio, the song found particularly strong chart success in other countries, reaching the top ten of both the Australian and UK Singles Charts. Since the single and video were released under Warner Bros. Records, the band was unable to use them for future releases, leaving them notably absent from their \"Greatest Hits\" DVD and CD releases. \" The End Is the Beginning Is the End\", as well as the single's b-sides, were released in 2005 on the digital-only compilation \"Rarities and B-Sides\".", "Zwan Zwan was an American alternative rock supergroup that was formed by Billy Corgan and Jimmy Chamberlin, lead singer and guitarist, and the drummer of the Smashing Pumpkins respectively, after they disbanded in December 2000. Other members included bassist Paz Lenchantin, of A Perfect Circle, and guitarists David Pajo and Matt Sweeney of various prior bands and projects. The band released only one album, \"Mary Star of the Sea\", in 2003, before breaking up acrimoniously that same year during their world tour to promote the album. Following the disbanding, Corgan released a solo album, \"TheFutureEmbrace\" before reforming the Smashing Pumpkins in 2005, with Chamberlin in 2006. Despite allusions to multiple album's worth of material written by band members, no further material has surfaced beyond their only studio album, and none of the material has ever been revisited in performances by any of the members outside of a brief 2017 tour by Corgan. In his solo shows in the summer of 2019, Corgan played Honestly and Endless Summer on his European summer tour at some dates. Following the breakup of the Smashing Pumpkins, Corgan and drummer Jimmy Chamberlin joined forces with Matt Sweeney (formerly of the bands Chavez and Skunk) to start Zwan. Corgan had been friends with Sweeney since early in his career and Sweeney was thanked in the liner notes to The Smashing Pumpkins album \"Siamese Dream\". Juan Alderete was one of the musicians who auditioned for the bassist position, before Sweeney recruited David Pajo (member of Slint, Papa M, Stereolab and many Drag City acts). The band debuted as a four-piece in late 2001. Later, former A Perfect Circle's bassist Paz Lenchantin joined the band in 2002, and Pajo was moved as their third guitarist. Zwan had two different incarnations.", "\"P.S. I Love You\". He is a supporter of many music-related productions, including the music documentary \" Hit So Hard\" about Patty Schemel of the band Hole, and David J of Bauhaus/Love and Rockets 2011 album, 'Not Long For This World'. The Smashing Pumpkins' 2007 album \"Zeitgeist\" was recorded in his home studio. At least 300 Smashing Pumpkins songs have been recorded in Brown's home studio during the 2000s in demo format, including original versions of many songs that later appeared on the eighth Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". In 2009, he joined Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan, Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, and several others in the band Spirits in the Sky. In September 2009, he went with Corgan to Chicago to begin work producing the Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". Brown has produced records for Los Angeles' legendary underground artists and bands, including Sky Saxon, Twilight Singers, Greg Dulli, Fancy Space People, The Woolly Bandits, Evil Beaver, Damien Youth and Ysanne Spevack. He continues to compose and record tracks for release of his own music, in which he sings and plays all the instruments. \"All credited as producer, recorder or mixer .\" \"Upcoming projects \" In January 2010, Brown announced that he is starting a record label with Corgan. This record label was to be called Startone Records and the roster includes The Electric Prunes, The Strawberry Alarm Clock, YaHoWha 13, Starchildren and Fancy Space People. However, the status of their collaboration for the label is unclear as it was announced that Brown and Corgan will no longer be working together as of December 2011."], "answer": {"text": "The band supported the album with a tour that included opening for bands such as the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Jane's Addiction, and Guns N' Roses.", "answer_start": 849}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to The Smashing Pumpkins in 2001?", "answer": {"text": "After the breakup of his gothic rock band the Marked, singer and guitarist Billy Corgan left St. Petersburg, Florida, to return to his native city of Chicago,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do in chicago?", "answer": {"text": "While working there, he met guitarist James Iha. Adorning themselves with paisley and other psychedelic trappings, the two began writing songs together", "answer_start": 267, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what songs did they write?", "answer": {"text": ") that were heavily influenced by The Cure and New Order. The duo performed live for the first time on July 9, 1988 at the Polish bar Chicago 21.", "answer_start": 450, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was their biggest accomplishment?", "answer": {"text": "In 1989 the Smashing Pumpkins made their first appearance on record with the compilation album Light Into Dark, which featured several Chicago alternative bands.", "answer_start": 1614, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the album make the charts?", "answer": {"text": "The group released its first single, \"I Am One\", in 1990 on local Chicago label Limited Potential. The single sold out and they released a follow-up, \"Tristessa\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "how did the follow-up do?", "answer": {"text": "The band recorded their 1991 debut studio album Gish with producer Butch Vig at his Smart Studios in Madison, Wisconsin for $20,000.", "answer_start": 220, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did that album do well?", "answer": {"text": "Gish became a minor success, with the single \"Rhinoceros\" receiving some airplay on modern rock radio. After", "answer_start": 599, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_393a9f97f2884565b59293f93b58eafd_0_q#0", "question": "When was reformation released?", "rewrite": "When was reformation released?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["With some almost fully functional, artificial lungs promise to be a great success in the near future. An Ann Arbor company MC3 is currently working on this type of medical device. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be used to take significant load off of the native lung tissue and heart. In ECMO, a one or more catheters are placed into the patient and a pump is used to flow blood over hollow membrane fibers, which exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood. Similar to ECMO, Extracorporeal CO2 Removal (ECCO2R) has a similar set-up, but mainly benefits the patient through carbon dioxide removal, rather than oxygenation, with the goal of allowing the lungs to relax and heal. Reproductive age patients who develop cancer often receive chemotherapy or radiation therapy, which damages oocytes and leads to early menopause. An artificial human ovary has been developed at Brown University with self-assembled microtissues created using novel 3-D petri dish technology. In a study funded and conducted by the NIH in 2017, scientists were successful in printing 3-D ovaries and implanting them in sterile mice. In the future, scientists hope to replicate this in larger animals as well as humans. The artificial ovary will be used for the purpose of in vitro maturation of immature oocytes and the development of a system to study the effect of environmental toxins on folliculogenesis. An artificial pancreas is used to substitute endocrine functionality of a healthy pancreas for diabetic and other patients who require it. It can be used to improve insulin replacement therapy until glycemic control is practically normal as evident by the avoidance of the complications of hyperglycemia, and it can also ease the burden of therapy for the insulin-dependent.", "Killing Day Killing Day was a cancelled first-person shooter video game that was being developed for the PlayStation 3. The game was first revealed during Sony's E3 press conference in 2005. It was originally due to release on Q4 2006. However, since then the game was subsequently cancelled on early development, although at an undetermined time. It was announced as cancelled by Jan Sanghera of Ubisoft UK, saying '\"Killing Day\" has been cancelled and is no longer part of the Ubisoft Portfolio.' On January 4, 2013, a new trademark application was filed but there have been no new comments by Ubisoft, but this very same trademark was abandoned on August 29th, 2016. Its trademark history has been active, with two initial filings in April 8th, 2005, with one abandoned in September 22nd, 2007 and the other by June 22nd, 2009. Other two were filed in February 23rd, 2007, but abandoned in December 15th, 2008, and the other in February 27th, 2007, and abandoned on December 13th, 2010. In May 20th, 2009, another trademark on \"Killing Day\" was filed, sparking rumors that the game is still in development, however, this trademark was abandoned on June 11th, 2012. This, alongside the 2013 filing, were the main two noted trademarks to cause rumors of its development and persistent existence, but developer and publisher Ubisoft hasn't commented on any of the trademark filings or the game itself ever since it was cancelled. As of November 2018, no news of the game's development and/or status has been revealed, and all of the known trademarks have been abandoned, and the latest official statement was the one given about its then status as cancelled.", "Zach Williams & The Reformation Zach Williams & The Reformation was an American rock band formed in Jonesboro, Arkansas in 2007 by the group of Zach Williams (acoustic guitar, harmonica and vocals), Red Dorton (bass guitar and vocals), Robby Rigsbee (slide guitar and rhythm guitar), Josh Copeland (lead guitar, rhythm guitar and vocals) and Evan Wilons (drums). The band took their name from the desire to reform or revitalize the southern rock sound. In February 2009, the band hit Young Avenue Music Studios in Memphis, Tennessee to record their first album \"Electric Revival\". The record was released in May 2009. Over the course of the year the band toured throughout the region in support of the first album with some of the highlights being a show at Gruene Hall and a show at State Theatre with Hill Country Revue, which consists of several members from North Mississippi Allstars. In 2009, Zach Williams & The Reformation signed with the Teenage Head Music booking agency from Belgium. In December 2009, the band announced a three-week tour of Europe, including shows in the Netherlands, Belgium, France, and Spain. In the summer of 2010 the band made a one-week stop in both Guam and Japan in support of Armed Forces Entertainment. In April 2011, the Reformation released \"A Southern Offering\", their second album. In June 2012, the group returned to Spain for a 3-week tour with great reviews, sold-out crowds and a rock-star welcome. Later in 2012, Williams disbanded the Reformation due to newfound Christian beliefs. He joined The Brothers of Grace, later renamed Zack Williams and the Brothers of Grace. Since 2016, Williams is a solo artist and released the album \"Chain Breaker\" on December 14, 2016.", "Somewhat awed, Natasha offers Rocky an invitation for tea later in the evening, which he accepts. When Rocky arrives at her villa later in the evening, he is confronted by several obstacles, Natasha's sister Sweety (Supriya Pilgaonkar), the jealous Tommy and the family's pet dog. Rocky is easily able to charm Sweety, but has to drug the dog, who dies due to an overdose while the sisters are making Rocky a drink in the kitchen. Crisis is avoided when Rocky is able to revive the dog by electrocution using wiring from a lamp in the living room. The parties then quickly depart to the grand opening of Natasha's latest album at a social event, where Rocky now comes face to face with Sanju, who puts Rocky on the spot right away, as he himself is pretending to be an architect! With Natasha and company under surveillance, Rocky now intercepts Sanju trying to discredit him at Natasha's home. Later, when the shocked Natasha confronts Rocky about him being an alleged impostor, Rocky is able to fast-talk his way out of the situation and convince the gullible Natasha that he is indeed not an architect, but a captain on a ship, something his mother does not approve of, thus the ruse. Tommy, however behaves in a somewhat jealous manner and puts Rocky in a confusing situation, involving him jumping on Rocky's back and then accusing the latter of having twisted and bitten his arm. A food bill from a bar drops out of Tommy's pocket during his supposed accusation. This arouses Rocky's suspicions about his supposed \"condition\". The next day using that food bill, Rocky and Babloo track down Tommy at a local disco", "She used to play against her four brothers and then the proud and spiky Sutton sisters. Wightman was a shy, somewhat awed, and fascinated 22-year-old college girl when she arrived at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in 1909 for the U.S. Championships. She had never before played on grass, but she used her attacking style and rock-ribbed volleying\u2014she was the first woman to rely so heavily on the volley\u2014to win the all-comers final over Louise Hammond 6\u20138, 6\u20131, 6\u20134 and then the title over 39-year-old Maud Barger-Wallach 6\u20130, 6\u20131. Wightman also won the women's doubles and mixed doubles titles that year. In the 1910 Washington State Championships, Wightman won one of the few recorded \"Golden Matches\" in which the winner did not lose a point. She defeated a Miss Huiskamp (first name unknown). Wightman successfully defended all three titles at the U.S. Championships in 1910 and 1911. Wightman easily defeated Hammond in the 1910 singles final. May Sutton, an old West Coast rival and singles titlist at the U.S. Championships in 1904, pushed Wightman hard in the 1911 singles final before Wightman prevailed 8\u201310, 6\u20134, 9\u20137. The most remarkable comeback in Wightman's career came at the singles final of the 1911 Niagara International Tennis Tournament against Sutton. After losing the first set 0\u20136 and going down 1\u20135 in the second, she won twelve straight games and the title 0\u20136, 7\u20135, 6\u20130. In 1912, Wightman married Bostonian George Wightman and did not defend her U.S. titles."], "answer": {"text": "On June 21, 2005,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_393a9f97f2884565b59293f93b58eafd_0_q#1", "question": "When was their album released?", "rewrite": "When was The Smashing Pumpkins album released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The End Is the Beginning Is the End \" The End Is the Beginning Is the End \" is a Grammy Award-winning song by American alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins. It is the first full-band song released as a single by the Smashing Pumpkins in the aftermath of their 1995 album, \"Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness\". It is their first release with drummer Matt Walker, who later drummed on several tracks of \"Adore\" and all of James Iha's \"Let It Come Down\". The song reached the top 10 in eight countries and won the Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance. Frontman Billy Corgan said of the song, He further commented that the song's lyrics were meant to represent the Batman of the 1940s, when he was a \"darker character\". Many fans saw the new sound of \" The End Is the Beginning Is the End\", featuring a drum machine and added emphasis on the distorted guitars, as a taste of the sound of the next Smashing Pumpkins album, with Corgan himself saying the sound is \"probably like what you would expect from us in the future.\" Despite its Grammy win and a strong promotion in conjunction with \"Batman & Robin\", \"The End Is the Beginning Is the End \" has not had a strong commercial legacy in the US. While it was well received by American rock radio, the song found particularly strong chart success in other countries, reaching the top ten of both the Australian and UK Singles Charts. Since the single and video were released under Warner Bros. Records, the band was unable to use them for future releases, leaving them notably absent from their \"Greatest Hits\" DVD and CD releases. \" The End Is the Beginning Is the End\", as well as the single's b-sides, were released in 2005 on the digital-only compilation \"Rarities and B-Sides\".", "Zeitgeist (The Smashing Pumpkins album) Zeitgeist is the seventh studio album by American rock band The Smashing Pumpkins, released on July 10, 2007 by Martha's Music and Reprise Records. It was the band's first album following their reunion in 2005, and was produced by Roy Thomas Baker, Billy Corgan, Jimmy Chamberlin, and Terry Date. The album debuted strongly, but sales soon decreased, and critical reception was mixed. It was certified Gold in the United States on February 1, 2008. This is their final album to feature the drummer Jimmy Chamberlin, until his comeback in 2018's \"\". After The Smashing Pumpkins disbanded in 2000, Corgan and Chamberlin reunited for the short-lived supergroup Zwan, also featuring members of Slint, Chavez, and A Perfect Circle. The group released one album, \"Mary Star of the Sea\", before dissolving in 2003. Chamberlin then formed Jimmy Chamberlin Complex, while Corgan would focus on a solo album. On June 21, 2005, the day of the release of his album \"TheFutureEmbrace\", Corgan took out full-page advertisements in the \"Chicago Tribune\" and \"Chicago Sun-Times\" to announce that he had \"made plans to renew and revive the Smashing Pumpkins.\" Chamberlin soon announced that he would be rejoining the band, and the two began living together in north Scottsdale, Arizona in November 2005, writing and rehearsing new songs. Within three weeks of practicing, the pair decided they had recaptured the sound of the band and prepared to record a new album. On April 20, 2006, the band's website confirmed that the band had reunited and started work on a new album. The website later announced that the new album would be produced by Roy Thomas Baker.", "\"P.S. I Love You\". He is a supporter of many music-related productions, including the music documentary \" Hit So Hard\" about Patty Schemel of the band Hole, and David J of Bauhaus/Love and Rockets 2011 album, 'Not Long For This World'. The Smashing Pumpkins' 2007 album \"Zeitgeist\" was recorded in his home studio. At least 300 Smashing Pumpkins songs have been recorded in Brown's home studio during the 2000s in demo format, including original versions of many songs that later appeared on the eighth Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". In 2009, he joined Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan, Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, and several others in the band Spirits in the Sky. In September 2009, he went with Corgan to Chicago to begin work producing the Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". Brown has produced records for Los Angeles' legendary underground artists and bands, including Sky Saxon, Twilight Singers, Greg Dulli, Fancy Space People, The Woolly Bandits, Evil Beaver, Damien Youth and Ysanne Spevack. He continues to compose and record tracks for release of his own music, in which he sings and plays all the instruments. \"All credited as producer, recorder or mixer .\" \"Upcoming projects \" In January 2010, Brown announced that he is starting a record label with Corgan. This record label was to be called Startone Records and the roster includes The Electric Prunes, The Strawberry Alarm Clock, YaHoWha 13, Starchildren and Fancy Space People. However, the status of their collaboration for the label is unclear as it was announced that Brown and Corgan will no longer be working together as of December 2011.", "Zwan Zwan was an American alternative rock supergroup that was formed by Billy Corgan and Jimmy Chamberlin, lead singer and guitarist, and the drummer of the Smashing Pumpkins respectively, after they disbanded in December 2000. Other members included bassist Paz Lenchantin, of A Perfect Circle, and guitarists David Pajo and Matt Sweeney of various prior bands and projects. The band released only one album, \"Mary Star of the Sea\", in 2003, before breaking up acrimoniously that same year during their world tour to promote the album. Following the disbanding, Corgan released a solo album, \"TheFutureEmbrace\" before reforming the Smashing Pumpkins in 2005, with Chamberlin in 2006. Despite allusions to multiple album's worth of material written by band members, no further material has surfaced beyond their only studio album, and none of the material has ever been revisited in performances by any of the members outside of a brief 2017 tour by Corgan. In his solo shows in the summer of 2019, Corgan played Honestly and Endless Summer on his European summer tour at some dates. Following the breakup of the Smashing Pumpkins, Corgan and drummer Jimmy Chamberlin joined forces with Matt Sweeney (formerly of the bands Chavez and Skunk) to start Zwan. Corgan had been friends with Sweeney since early in his career and Sweeney was thanked in the liner notes to The Smashing Pumpkins album \"Siamese Dream\". Juan Alderete was one of the musicians who auditioned for the bassist position, before Sweeney recruited David Pajo (member of Slint, Papa M, Stereolab and many Drag City acts). The band debuted as a four-piece in late 2001. Later, former A Perfect Circle's bassist Paz Lenchantin joined the band in 2002, and Pajo was moved as their third guitarist. Zwan had two different incarnations.", "Adore (The Smashing Pumpkins album) Adore is the fourth studio album by the American alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins, released in June 1998 by Virgin Records. After the multi-platinum success of \"Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness\" and a subsequent yearlong world tour, follow-up \"Adore\" was considered \"one of the most anticipated albums of 1998\" by MTV. Recording the album proved to be a challenge as the band members struggled with lingering interpersonal problems and musical uncertainty in the wake of three increasingly successful rock albums and the departure of drummer Jimmy Chamberlin. Frontman Billy Corgan would later characterize \"Adore\" as \"a band falling apart\". Corgan has also mentioned he was going through a divorce while recording the album. The result was a much more subdued and electronica-tinged sound that Greg Kot of \"Rolling Stone\" magazine called \"a complete break with the past\". The album divided the fan base and sold only a fraction of the previous two albums. However, the album was well received by critics, and became the third straight Pumpkins album to be nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Performance and has gained a cult following. A remastered and expanded version of the album was released on CD and vinyl in September 2014 as a part of the band's project to reissue their back catalogue from 1991\u20132000. The Smashing Pumpkins had cemented their place as a cultural force with the multi-platinum \"Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness\". Feeling the limitations of their guitar-driven hard rock sound, the band had started to branch out during the making of \"Mellon Collie\", and, after the chart-topping success of the electronic-leaning \"1979\", the band zeroed in on electronica."], "answer": {"text": "On June 21, 2005,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was reformation released?", "answer": {"text": "On June 21, 2005,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_393a9f97f2884565b59293f93b58eafd_0_q#2", "question": "What happened with their reformation?", "rewrite": "What happened with The Smashing Pumpkins reformation?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album.", "Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days.", "In March 2010, Pooley left The Smashing Pumpkins to focus on her family, stating: Ginger made a guest appearance during the Smashing Pumpkins' Record Store Day performance on April 17, 2010 in Hollywood, CA. She briefly returned to her duties and played bass during the rendition of \"Bullet with Butterfly Wings\". She also played bass for Glee Live in 2010 and 2011 and is working on a solo EP. During The Smashing Pumpkins' concert on February 16, 2008, at the O2 Arena in London, Billy Corgan announced that Reyes had recently become engaged. She married Kristopher Pooley June 22, 2008, in Los Angeles. Kris is a professional musician who toured as Gwen Stefani's keyboardist and joined the Smashing Pumpkins on their 2008 20th Anniversary tour. On April 6, 2009, it was announced on The Smashing Pumpkins' official website that Ginger and her husband Kris were expecting their first child later that year. It was announced via Twitter that on October 17, 2009, she gave birth to a baby girl, Talula Victoria Pooley.", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\" Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\" Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\" The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris) Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "The Smashing Pumpkins discography The discography of the Smashing Pumpkins, an American alternative rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois, consists of ten studio albums, four live albums, one digital live album series, seven compilation albums (including box sets and promotional releases), five extended plays (including promotional releases), 42 singles (including promotional releases), four video albums, 29 music videos, and contributions to five soundtrack albums. This list does not include material recorded by The Smashing Pumpkins members with other side projects. II \"Machina II\" had a free internet release and thus did not chart and was not eligible for certification. In addition to the live albums \"Earphoria\", \"Live in Chicago October 23, 1995\", \"Live at Cabaret Metro 10-5-88\", and \"Bonus EP\", The Smashing Pumpkins have collaborated with music distributor Nugs.net to release recordings of the band's 2008 20th Anniversary Tour concerts, mastered directly from the soundboard. The recordings are available as FLAC or MP3 digital downloads, CD, or a CD+MP3 package, ordered through the Live Smashing Pumpkins website. For the live extended plays \"Live in Chicago October 23, 1995\" and \"Bonus EP\", see the live albums section of this article. An internet-only \"interactive music video\" was released for \"The Crying Tree of Mercury\" by MTV in March 2000, directed by Billy Corgan. It is no longer available through MTV's website. I Ozark Mountain Daredevils cover"], "answer": {"text": "there was question as to whether other former members of the band would participate.", "answer_start": 540}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was reformation released?", "answer": {"text": "On June 21, 2005,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was their album released?", "answer": {"text": "On June 21, 2005,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_393a9f97f2884565b59293f93b58eafd_0_q#3", "question": "Did they want to get back together?", "rewrite": "Did The Smashing Pumpkins want to get back together?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days.", "\"P.S. I Love You\". He is a supporter of many music-related productions, including the music documentary \" Hit So Hard\" about Patty Schemel of the band Hole, and David J of Bauhaus/Love and Rockets 2011 album, 'Not Long For This World'. The Smashing Pumpkins' 2007 album \"Zeitgeist\" was recorded in his home studio. At least 300 Smashing Pumpkins songs have been recorded in Brown's home studio during the 2000s in demo format, including original versions of many songs that later appeared on the eighth Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". In 2009, he joined Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan, Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, and several others in the band Spirits in the Sky. In September 2009, he went with Corgan to Chicago to begin work producing the Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". Brown has produced records for Los Angeles' legendary underground artists and bands, including Sky Saxon, Twilight Singers, Greg Dulli, Fancy Space People, The Woolly Bandits, Evil Beaver, Damien Youth and Ysanne Spevack. He continues to compose and record tracks for release of his own music, in which he sings and plays all the instruments. \"All credited as producer, recorder or mixer .\" \"Upcoming projects \" In January 2010, Brown announced that he is starting a record label with Corgan. This record label was to be called Startone Records and the roster includes The Electric Prunes, The Strawberry Alarm Clock, YaHoWha 13, Starchildren and Fancy Space People. However, the status of their collaboration for the label is unclear as it was announced that Brown and Corgan will no longer be working together as of December 2011.", "Kerry Brown (musician) Kerry Brown (born 1963) is a record producer, movie soundtrack producer, music editor, composer, artist manager, and a musician. He was the drummer in Chicago alternative rock band Catherine in the 1990s. He was married to D'arcy Wretzky of The Smashing Pumpkins at that time, and is now married to Stacey Sher. He played drums for The Smashing Pumpkins on the song \"Blew Away\" and he produced \"Starla\" & \"Plume\" for the album \"Pisces Iscariot\". Kerry wrote for, played drums for, recorded, and produced, his band Catherine from 1985 to 1998. They officially released one 7\" single, an E.P., and two albums between 1991 and 1996. Catherine performed a one-off two song reunion set at a Smashing Pumpkins concert at the Riveria Theatre in Chicago, IL on 14 October 2011, featuring Billy Corgan on guitar. He also performed drums on The Smashing Pumpkins track \"Blew Away\" amongst his many various producer/engineer stints for the band. He played hand drums in Spirits in the Sky, a short lived live band that featured Corgan, Dave Navarro, Mark Tulin, Ysanne Spevack, and Mike Byrne. Kerry was the drummer in a one-off group called The Backwards Clock Society, which featured Tulin on bass and Billy Corgan on vocals and guitar. The one and only Backwards Clock Society show was held on 8 November 2009, at the Echoplex in Los Angeles, CA. The show was a benefit for Laura Ann Masura. Future bass player of The Smashing Pumpkins Nicole Fiorentino was performing with Light FM at this show, and was pointed out to Corgan by Kerry at this show. Kerry Brown has produced the music soundtracks to major Hollywood motion pictures including \"Blow\" and", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\" Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\" Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\" The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris) Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album."], "answer": {"text": "In April 2007 Iha and Auf der Maur separately confirmed that they were not taking part in the reunion.", "answer_start": 625}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was reformation released?", "answer": {"text": "On June 21, 2005,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was their album released?", "answer": {"text": "On June 21, 2005,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with their reformation?", "answer": {"text": "there was question as to whether other former members of the band would participate.", "answer_start": 540, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_393a9f97f2884565b59293f93b58eafd_0_q#4", "question": "Why didn't they want to join the reunion?", "rewrite": "Why didn't The Smashing Pumpkins want to join the reunion?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\" Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\" Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\" The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris) Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "Kerry Brown (musician) Kerry Brown (born 1963) is a record producer, movie soundtrack producer, music editor, composer, artist manager, and a musician. He was the drummer in Chicago alternative rock band Catherine in the 1990s. He was married to D'arcy Wretzky of The Smashing Pumpkins at that time, and is now married to Stacey Sher. He played drums for The Smashing Pumpkins on the song \"Blew Away\" and he produced \"Starla\" & \"Plume\" for the album \"Pisces Iscariot\". Kerry wrote for, played drums for, recorded, and produced, his band Catherine from 1985 to 1998. They officially released one 7\" single, an E.P., and two albums between 1991 and 1996. Catherine performed a one-off two song reunion set at a Smashing Pumpkins concert at the Riveria Theatre in Chicago, IL on 14 October 2011, featuring Billy Corgan on guitar. He also performed drums on The Smashing Pumpkins track \"Blew Away\" amongst his many various producer/engineer stints for the band. He played hand drums in Spirits in the Sky, a short lived live band that featured Corgan, Dave Navarro, Mark Tulin, Ysanne Spevack, and Mike Byrne. Kerry was the drummer in a one-off group called The Backwards Clock Society, which featured Tulin on bass and Billy Corgan on vocals and guitar. The one and only Backwards Clock Society show was held on 8 November 2009, at the Echoplex in Los Angeles, CA. The show was a benefit for Laura Ann Masura. Future bass player of The Smashing Pumpkins Nicole Fiorentino was performing with Light FM at this show, and was pointed out to Corgan by Kerry at this show. Kerry Brown has produced the music soundtracks to major Hollywood motion pictures including \"Blow\" and", "In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album.", "Songs from the album were featured on MTV's \"Jersey Shore\", \u201cThe MTV Film and TV Awards\u201d, \u201cThe MTV Music Awards\u201d and 2012's film, \"The Vow\" starring Rachel McAdams and Channing Tatum. On September 9, 2009 Mazzaschi's former Motorhome bandmate Laura Ann Masura was injured in a motorcycle accident. Mazzaschi organized a benefit concert for her on November 8, 2009 in Los Angeles at the Echoplex where Billy Corgan of The Smashing Pumpkins performed under the alias The Backwards Clock Society along with Mark Tulin of the Electric Prunes and Kerry Brown of Chicago group Catherine. Light FM, The Pulsars, Butterfly Child, Kissing Cousins, and The Happy Stars (featuring Brian Young of Fountains of Wayne and Joe Skyward of the Posies) also performed. Corgan also donated two autographed instruments for auction including, Jimmy Chamberlin's drum kit from The Smashing Pumpkins debut record Gish, as well as a bass used at the very first Smashing Pumpkins show. Nicole Fiorentino later joined The Smashing Pumpkins in 2010. On October 4, 2011 Light FM released their fourth full-length record titled \"Buzz Kill City\" and toured theaters across the US opening for The Smashing Pumpkins and The Fancy Space People, featuring Don Bolles from the LA punk band the Germs. \u201cClick Click\u201d Light FM featuring Lloyd Hemmings - Shrek Forever After (2010)
\u201cProblems of Our Own\u201d - The Vow (2012)", "Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days."], "answer": {"text": "Chamberlin would later state that Iha and Wretzky \"didn't want to be a part of\" the reunion.", "answer_start": 728}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was reformation released?", "answer": {"text": "On June 21, 2005,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was their album released?", "answer": {"text": "On June 21, 2005,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with their reformation?", "answer": {"text": "there was question as to whether other former members of the band would participate.", "answer_start": 540, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they want to get back together?", "answer": {"text": "In April 2007 Iha and Auf der Maur separately confirmed that they were not taking part in the reunion.", "answer_start": 625, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_393a9f97f2884565b59293f93b58eafd_0_q#5", "question": "When was the first performance?", "rewrite": "When was the The Smashing Pumpkins's first performance?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of the Smashing Pumpkins band members The Smashing Pumpkins are an alternative rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois in 1988. The band was formed by guitarist/vocalist Billy Corgan and guitarist James Iha after the demise of Corgan's first band, the Marked. Since its inception, the Smashing Pumpkins has gone through multiple line-up changes, with Corgan the only consistent member. After the breakup of his gothic rock band the Marked, singer and guitarist Billy Corgan left St. Petersburg, Florida, to return to his native city of Chicago, where he took a job in a record store. While working there, he met guitarist James Iha. The pair soon began writing songs together with the aid of a drum machine. Corgan met bassist D'arcy Wretzky in mid 1988 after a show by the Dan Reed Network where they argued the merits of the band. After finding out Wretzky played bass, Corgan stated his band's need for a bassist and gave Wretzky his telephone number. Wretzky soon joined the band, and she and Iha later had a short-lived romance. The first performance of the Smashing Pumpkins was on July 9, 1988, at the Polish bar Chicago 21. This performance included only Corgan and Iha with a drum machine. On August 10, 1988, the band played for the first time as a trio at the Avalon Nightclub. After this show, Cabaret Metro owner Joe Shanahan agreed to book the band on the condition that they replace the drum machine with a live drummer. Jazz drummer Jimmy Chamberlin was recruited for the band after a recommendation from a friend of Corgan's. On October 5, 1988, the complete band took the stage for the first time at the Cabaret Metro.", "List of awards and nominations received by the Smashing Pumpkins This is a list of awards and nominations received by The Smashing Pumpkins. The American Music Award is an annual American music awards show, created by Dick Clark in 1973 for ABC when the network's contract to present the Grammy Awards expired. The Antville Music Video Awards are online awards for the best music video and music video directors of the year. They were first awarded in 2005. The Brit Awards are the British Phonographic Industry's annual pop music awards. Design and Art Direction (\"D&AD\") is a British educational charity which exists to promote excellence in design and advertising. Delivered since 1991. The GAFFA Awards (Danish: GAFFA Prisen) are a Danish award that rewards popular music, awarded by the GAFFA magazine. The Grammy Award is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The Smashing Pumpkins have received eleven nominations and winning two times in the Best Hard Rock Performance category. The Juno Award are presented annually to Canadians musical artists and bands to acknowledge their artistic and technical achievements in all aspects of music. Lunas del Auditorio are sponsored by The National Auditorium in Mexico to honor the best live shows in the country. The MTV Europe Music Awards are an event presented by Viacom International Media Networks Europe which awards prizes to musicians and performers. The MTV Video Music Award is an award presented by the cable channel MTV to honor the best in the music video medium. The Smashing Pumpkins have received fifteen nominations and eight wins. The MVPA Awards are annually presented by a Los Angeles-based music trade organization to honor the year's best music videos. The NME Awards were created by the \"NME\" magazine and was first held in 1953. The Smashing Pumpkins has received two nominations.", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\" Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\" Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\" The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris) Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album.", "Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days."], "answer": {"text": "Smashing Pumpkins performed live for the first time since 2000 on May 22, 2007,", "answer_start": 825}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was reformation released?", "answer": {"text": "On June 21, 2005,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was their album released?", "answer": {"text": "On June 21, 2005,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with their reformation?", "answer": {"text": "there was question as to whether other former members of the band would participate.", "answer_start": 540, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they want to get back together?", "answer": {"text": "In April 2007 Iha and Auf der Maur separately confirmed that they were not taking part in the reunion.", "answer_start": 625, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why didn't they want to join the reunion?", "answer": {"text": "Chamberlin would later state that Iha and Wretzky \"didn't want to be a part of\" the reunion.", "answer_start": 728, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_393a9f97f2884565b59293f93b58eafd_0_q#6", "question": "Who replaced the members that didn't want to do the reunion?", "rewrite": "Who replaced the members that didn't want to do the reunion?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Reunion Arena Reunion Arena was an indoor arena located in the Reunion district of downtown Dallas, Texas. The arena served as the primary home of the National Basketball Association's Dallas Mavericks and the National Hockey League's Dallas Stars. Its capacity held accommodations for 18,190 basketball spectators and 17,000 for ice hockey spectators. Reunion was also a performance venue for some of the biggest names in popular music from the 1980s through the late 2000s including Paul McCartney, Michael Jackson, Prince, Frank Sinatra, Elton John, David Bowie, Madonna, Pink Floyd, Queen, U2, R.E.M. and Radiohead. Reunion Arena was demolished in November 2009 and the site was cleared by the end of the year. Reunion Arena was completed in 1980 at a cost of US $27 million. It was named for the early mid-19th century commune, La Reunion. Reunion Arena was notable for two lasts: it was the last NBA or NHL arena to be built without luxury suites, and it was the last NHL arena to still use an American Sign and Indicator scoreboard (though not the last in the NBA\u2014see Charlotte Coliseum). The color matrix messageboards on that scoreboard were replaced in 1991 with Sony Jumbotron video screens. The arena was the home of the Dallas Mavericks from 1980 to 2001 and the Dallas Stars from 1993 to 2001. Both teams moved to the new American Airlines Center in 2001. The Dallas Desperados Arena Football team used the arena for its 2003 season but ultimately returned to American Airlines Center. The arena's last remaining full-time sports tenant was the MISL Dallas Sidekicks, but the club was inactive after the fall of 2004. Reunion Arena also hosted the WCT Tennis Tournament in the 1980s, including Virginia Slims Invitational Tournament.", "Reunion (Gummer) Reunion, a public sculpture by Don Gummer, is located on the Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis campus, located near downtown Indianapolis, Indiana. The sculpture consists of two interlocking metal forms that have separate bases that eventually unite with one another. \" Reunion\" is located on the east side of the Herron School of Art and Design and is approximately 253 cm in height and approximately 167 cm wide. \" Reunion\" was created in 1992 as a model for a larger Reunion sculpture located in Japan. \" Reunion\" is made from cast bronze. \"Reunion\" by Don Gummer consists of two metal interlocking pieces that start with separate bases. \" Reunion\" is made out of cast bronze and sits on a cement circular base. The metal forms are approximately 253 cm in height and 167 cm in width. The cement circular base is approximately a 244 cm wide circle. \" Reunion\" is accompanied by an information plaque that sits on the cement base and is located in the proper front of the sculpture. The plaque simply states the title \"Reunion\" and the date 1992. \"Reunion\" was originally made out of foam core and balsa wood and was cast in Bronze. Gummer makes many of his sculptures out of cardboard, foam core and or wood. The sculptures are then sent to a foundry to be cast in metal. This particular sculpture was also cast in Bronze and stainless steel for a permanent installation at the Kitakyushu International Center, located in Kitakyushu, Japan. The Kitakyushu \"Reunion\" is double the size of the \"Reunion\" sculpture currently located on the IUPUI campus. The \"Reunion\" sculpture located in Japan was cast in 1993 and the \"Reunion\" sculpture located outside of the Herron School of Art was cast in 1992. Don Gummer was born in Louisville, Kentucky on December 12, 1946.", "Reunion (genealogy software) Reunion is genealogy software made by Leister Productions, Inc., a privately held firm established by Frank Leister in 1984 located in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. The company operates as a genealogy (family tree) software developer exclusively for macOS and iOS. Reunion was initially a Macintosh application, programmed in Apple's HyperCard. Version 4 was available for Windows and Macintosh until the Windows version was sold to Sierra in 1997. Reunion provides methods to create, manipulate and generate reports about a family history. It has the capability to produce charts depicting family relationships and the ability to produce Web pages for publishing a family history online. Reunion can also be used to gather family statistics. It allows integration of images and movies into Reunion family files. \"The announcement pages for the respective versions offer more details as to the exact changes.\" Reunion 12 was updated in May 2018. New features include a new Duplicate Check, further improvements to syncing with Reunion\u2019s mobile app \"ReunionTouch\" for iOS, a new Citations List, improvements to Sorting, and a number of other upgrades. Reunion 11 was announced in April 2015. New features include better syncing with Reunion\u2019s mobile app, Book creator to automatically generate PDF books, improved editing, and \"on-the-fly\" relationships identification. Reunion 10 was announced in May 2012. New features include web searching, mapping of places, a tree view, a nav bar and a sidebar, image dragging from a web browser, side-by-side matching and merging people, and graphic relationship charts. Reunion 9 was announced on March 2007. This version became a universal binary Cocoa-based application, which runs under OS X. New features include Unicode support and a less \"modal\" design, allowing index and source windows to remain open for easier access. Reunion 8 was announced on September 2002.", "Family reunion A family reunion is an occasion when many members of an extended family congregate. Sometimes reunions are held regularly, for example on the same date of every year. A typical family reunion will assemble for a meal, some recreation and discussion. The older attendees are generally grandparents, parents, siblings or first cousins while the youngest may be second, third or fourth cousins to each other. It is also not uncommon for regular family reunions to be sponsored by family organizations or family associations centered on a more distant common ancestor (often referred to as \"ancestral family organizations\") or a commonly shared surname (\"single surname family organizations\"). Family reunion programs are sponsored by Red Cross organizations. See the List of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) leads the international movement and which has special responsibilities under international humanitarian law. Many adults using an adoption reunion registry are able to locate parents and siblings. Adoption Reunion groups offer search and support guidance for birth parents and adoptees. Adoption Reunion organizations help to uphold adoptee rights and support adoption reform. According to TRIADOPTION\u00ae Library which kept records on adoption search and reunion beginning in the 1970s, Jean Paton formed Orphan Voyage back in 1954 and is considered the grandmother of the adoption reunion movement. ALMA (Adoptees Liberty Movement Association) was formed in New York City in 1972, ISRR (International Soundex Reunion Registry) in 1975, CUB (Concerned United Birthparents) in 1976, and dozens more sprung up around the US, Canada and Australia. By 1985 there were over 500 search and support organizations worldwide. The adoption reunion movement grew rapidly from grass roots local organizations coming together under forming the AAC (American Adoption Congress) in 1979 at a conference held in Washington, DC. Groups from each region were instrumental in finding ways to help their members reunite with their birth families and surrendered/relinquished children.", "These men were from Reunion, a multinational organization whose main goals were the collection, evolution and eventual perfection of traditional martial arts and the creation of artificial ki, or natural energy, which could be used to make people more powerful. They forced Gangryong to enter a special school designed to train suitable fighters in the fighting styles that had been collected and created by Reunion. Now, within Reunion, Gangryong finds himself a flash-point for controversy. As student of a sworn enemy of Reunion, there are many who want him dead. As the sole practitioner of EOTL, there are many who desire to see his success, so that they may use his techniques. All the while, Gangryong must work to uncover the secrets in the training he was given, so that he may achieve the power he seeks, and finally avenge the presumed deceased Lightning Tiger. Eighteen-year-old Ma Gangryong is the main protagonist of the series and the last practitioner of the Enlightenment Of Thunder and Lightning (EOTL). Though he is portrayed as fairly unintelligent, he shows an aptitude for battle and street smarts that seem well-suited to his underdog status at the Reunion school. Gangryong even showed prowess in defeating a level 8 student of Reunion with both arms and one leg broken. However, he is mouthy and disrespectful and has a penchant for making enemies. He often has flashbacks of Lightning Tiger's teachings which slowly reveal key components and techniques of EOTL. Gangryong says he's dreamed of being strong since the day that he was born and can't help but want to fight opponents stronger than himself until he defeats them. Often mocks his opponents about their different ideals using or fighting for others to gain strength is pathetic. He has a little sister."], "answer": {"text": "guitarist Jeff Schroeder, bassist Ginger Reyes, and keyboardist Lisa Harriton.", "answer_start": 969}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was reformation released?", "answer": {"text": "On June 21, 2005,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was their album released?", "answer": {"text": "On June 21, 2005,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with their reformation?", "answer": {"text": "there was question as to whether other former members of the band would participate.", "answer_start": 540, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they want to get back together?", "answer": {"text": "In April 2007 Iha and Auf der Maur separately confirmed that they were not taking part in the reunion.", "answer_start": 625, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why didn't they want to join the reunion?", "answer": {"text": "Chamberlin would later state that Iha and Wretzky \"didn't want to be a part of\" the reunion.", "answer_start": 728, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the first performance?", "answer": {"text": "Smashing Pumpkins performed live for the first time since 2000 on May 22, 2007,", "answer_start": 825, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_393a9f97f2884565b59293f93b58eafd_0_q#7", "question": "Did they release more music with the new people?", "rewrite": "Did The Smashing Pumpkins release more music with the new people?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["\"P.S. I Love You\". He is a supporter of many music-related productions, including the music documentary \" Hit So Hard\" about Patty Schemel of the band Hole, and David J of Bauhaus/Love and Rockets 2011 album, 'Not Long For This World'. The Smashing Pumpkins' 2007 album \"Zeitgeist\" was recorded in his home studio. At least 300 Smashing Pumpkins songs have been recorded in Brown's home studio during the 2000s in demo format, including original versions of many songs that later appeared on the eighth Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". In 2009, he joined Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan, Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, and several others in the band Spirits in the Sky. In September 2009, he went with Corgan to Chicago to begin work producing the Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". Brown has produced records for Los Angeles' legendary underground artists and bands, including Sky Saxon, Twilight Singers, Greg Dulli, Fancy Space People, The Woolly Bandits, Evil Beaver, Damien Youth and Ysanne Spevack. He continues to compose and record tracks for release of his own music, in which he sings and plays all the instruments. \"All credited as producer, recorder or mixer .\" \"Upcoming projects \" In January 2010, Brown announced that he is starting a record label with Corgan. This record label was to be called Startone Records and the roster includes The Electric Prunes, The Strawberry Alarm Clock, YaHoWha 13, Starchildren and Fancy Space People. However, the status of their collaboration for the label is unclear as it was announced that Brown and Corgan will no longer be working together as of December 2011.", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\" Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\" Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\" The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris) Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "The Smashing Pumpkins discography The discography of the Smashing Pumpkins, an American alternative rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois, consists of ten studio albums, four live albums, one digital live album series, seven compilation albums (including box sets and promotional releases), five extended plays (including promotional releases), 42 singles (including promotional releases), four video albums, 29 music videos, and contributions to five soundtrack albums. This list does not include material recorded by The Smashing Pumpkins members with other side projects. II \"Machina II\" had a free internet release and thus did not chart and was not eligible for certification. In addition to the live albums \"Earphoria\", \"Live in Chicago October 23, 1995\", \"Live at Cabaret Metro 10-5-88\", and \"Bonus EP\", The Smashing Pumpkins have collaborated with music distributor Nugs.net to release recordings of the band's 2008 20th Anniversary Tour concerts, mastered directly from the soundboard. The recordings are available as FLAC or MP3 digital downloads, CD, or a CD+MP3 package, ordered through the Live Smashing Pumpkins website. For the live extended plays \"Live in Chicago October 23, 1995\" and \"Bonus EP\", see the live albums section of this article. An internet-only \"interactive music video\" was released for \"The Crying Tree of Mercury\" by MTV in March 2000, directed by Billy Corgan. It is no longer available through MTV's website. I Ozark Mountain Daredevils cover", "List of awards and nominations received by the Smashing Pumpkins This is a list of awards and nominations received by The Smashing Pumpkins. The American Music Award is an annual American music awards show, created by Dick Clark in 1973 for ABC when the network's contract to present the Grammy Awards expired. The Antville Music Video Awards are online awards for the best music video and music video directors of the year. They were first awarded in 2005. The Brit Awards are the British Phonographic Industry's annual pop music awards. Design and Art Direction (\"D&AD\") is a British educational charity which exists to promote excellence in design and advertising. Delivered since 1991. The GAFFA Awards (Danish: GAFFA Prisen) are a Danish award that rewards popular music, awarded by the GAFFA magazine. The Grammy Award is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The Smashing Pumpkins have received eleven nominations and winning two times in the Best Hard Rock Performance category. The Juno Award are presented annually to Canadians musical artists and bands to acknowledge their artistic and technical achievements in all aspects of music. Lunas del Auditorio are sponsored by The National Auditorium in Mexico to honor the best live shows in the country. The MTV Europe Music Awards are an event presented by Viacom International Media Networks Europe which awards prizes to musicians and performers. The MTV Video Music Award is an award presented by the cable channel MTV to honor the best in the music video medium. The Smashing Pumpkins have received fifteen nominations and eight wins. The MVPA Awards are annually presented by a Los Angeles-based music trade organization to honor the year's best music videos. The NME Awards were created by the \"NME\" magazine and was first held in 1953. The Smashing Pumpkins has received two nominations.", "Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days."], "answer": {"text": "That same month, \"Tarantula\" was released as the first single from the band's forthcoming album.", "answer_start": 1048}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was reformation released?", "answer": {"text": "On June 21, 2005,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was their album released?", "answer": {"text": "On June 21, 2005,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with their reformation?", "answer": {"text": "there was question as to whether other former members of the band would participate.", "answer_start": 540, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they want to get back together?", "answer": {"text": "In April 2007 Iha and Auf der Maur separately confirmed that they were not taking part in the reunion.", "answer_start": 625, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why didn't they want to join the reunion?", "answer": {"text": "Chamberlin would later state that Iha and Wretzky \"didn't want to be a part of\" the reunion.", "answer_start": 728, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the first performance?", "answer": {"text": "Smashing Pumpkins performed live for the first time since 2000 on May 22, 2007,", "answer_start": 825, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who replaced the members that didn't want to do the reunion?", "answer": {"text": "guitarist Jeff Schroeder, bassist Ginger Reyes, and keyboardist Lisa Harriton.", "answer_start": 969, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7ad33a767e2247c38b9f36a44389423a_1_q#0", "question": "how did Rogers prepare for his voyage?", "rewrite": "how did Rogers prepare for his voyage?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The War of the Spanish Succession started in 1702, during which England's main maritime foes were France and Spain, and a number of Bristol ships were given letters of marque, allowing them to strike against enemy shipping. At least four vessels in which Rogers had an ownership interest were granted the letters. One, Whetstone Galley, named for Rogers' father in law, received the letters before being sent to Africa to begin a voyage in the slave trade. It did not reach Africa, but was captured by the French. Rogers suffered other losses against the French, although he does not record their extent in his book. He turned to privateering as a means of recouping these losses. In late 1707, Rogers was approached by William Dampier, a navigator and friend of Rogers' father, who proposed a privateering expedition against the Spanish. This was a desperate move on the part of Captain Dampier to save his career. Dampier had recently returned from leading a two-ship privateering expedition into the Pacific, which culminated in a series of mutinies before both ships finally sank due to Dampier's error in not having the hulls properly protected against worms before leaving port. Unaware of this, Rogers agreed. Financing was provided by many in the Bristol community, including Thomas Goldney II of the Quaker Goldney family and Thomas Dover, who would become president of the voyage council and Rogers' father in law. Commanding two frigates, Duke and Duchess, and captaining the first, Rogers spent three years circumnavigating the globe. The ships departed Bristol on 1 August 1708. Dampier was aboard as Rogers' sailing master. Rogers encountered various problems along the way. Forty of the Bristol crew deserted or were dismissed, and he spent a month in Ireland recruiting replacements and having the vessels prepared for sea. Many crew members were Dutch, Danish, or other foreigners.", "Telj\u00e4 Telj\u00e4 (also Telja or T\u00e4lje) was late Iron Age and early Middle Ages settlement in Finland at the historical province of Satakunta. According to tradition it was located by the river Kokem\u00e4enjoki in the present municipality of Kokem\u00e4ki. It is uncertain whether Telj\u00e4 was a town-like settlement or more of a market place for Baltic Sea traders. Telj\u00e4 is considered to be the predecessor of Medieval Ulvila town and the 1558 founded city of Pori. The settlement and its harbor moved downstream as the river went shallow due to post-glacial rebound. Some tradition claims Telj\u00e4 was preceded by an ancient settlement named Hahlo which was located few kilometers upstream. There is no archaeological evidence of Telj\u00e4; in 1960 an excavation led by professor Unto Salo found no traces of an Iron Age town but the archaeologists discovered remains of Medieval village that was later destroyed by fire. Some Viking Age and Medieval objects were also found. According to Salo and an earlier historian Jalmari Jaakkola, Telj\u00e4 was established in the 11th century by Swedish merchants. River Kokem\u00e4enjoki was the waterway connecting sea to the inland lakes of Upper Satakunta, which is a part of modern-day Pirkanmaa region. The most important export since Iron Age was fur. Telj\u00e4's assumed location is at the site of 1857 built St. Henry's Chapel. It is a brick chapel which covers a small wooden granary used by Bishop Henry in 1150s as a sermon room. It is possible that St. Henry was preaching at Telj\u00e4 on the First Swedish Crusade, although the expedition itself might be just a myth. The granary was later converted to a chapel that was a destination for pilgrimages until the Reformation era.", "The ships then went to the Dutch port of Batavia in what is now Indonesia, where Rogers underwent surgery to remove a musket ball from the roof of his mouth, and the expedition disposed of the less seaworthy of the two Spanish prizes. Dealing with the Dutch there constituted a violation of the British East India Company's monopoly. When the ships finally dropped anchor in the Thames River on 14 October 1711, a legal battle ensued, with the investors paying the East India Company PS6,000 (about PS820,000 at today's values) as settlement for their claim for breach of monopoly, about four percent of what Rogers brought back. The investors approximately doubled their money, while Rogers gained PS1,600 (now worth perhaps PS218,700) from a voyage which disfigured him and cost him his brother, who was killed in a battle in the Pacific. The money was probably less than he could have made at home, and was entirely absorbed by the debts his family had incurred in his absence. However, the long voyage and the capture of the Spanish ship made Rogers a national hero. Rogers was the first Englishman, in circumnavigating the globe, to have his original ships and most of his crew survive. After his voyage, he wrote an account of it, titled A Cruising Voyage Round the World. Edward Cooke, an officer aboard Duchess, also wrote a book, A Voyage to the South Sea and Round the World, and beat Rogers to print by several months. Rogers' book was much more successful, with many readers fascinated by the account of Selkirk's rescue, which Cooke had slighted. Among those interested in Selkirk's adventure was Daniel Defoe, who appears to have read about it, and fictionalised the story as Robinson Crusoe.", "As growth occurred, additional land was required, causing Rogers to annex more and more land from the surrounding Hassan Township. Hassan was completely annexed into Rogers on January 1, 2012. Early founding families names still serve as key contributors to the community. Otto Scharber was a prominent local businessman, owning a grocery store, hardware store, and a John Deere implement dealership, which is still in family operation today. On September 16, 2006, an F2 tornado damaged homes in Rogers, killing one person. The tornado began three miles west of Rogers at 9:52 p.m. The tornado made its first strike on Rogers at 9:54 p.m. The tornado traveled along a path that was eight miles, and lasted for approximately 12 minutes. The tornado also resulted in six injuries On January 1, 2012, Hassan Township, Hennepin County's last township, was completely annexed into Rogers. Talks of annexation between Rogers and Hassan Township can be traced back to the 1970s, but the formal agreement was approved on December 30, 2003. In 2008, the Rogers City Council and the Hassan Town Board accelerated the annexation date to January 1, 2012. This was the third and final phase of annexation, boosting the Rogers population to over 11,000 residents. Rogers has multiple schools within its borders, including four public schools: Rogers Elementary, Hassan Elementary, Rogers Middle School, and Rogers High School, with the mascot being the Rogers Royal. Numerous private schools have also cropped up over the city's history. Rogers High School was ranked #32 in Minnesota for 2018 by U.S. News and World Report based on performance on state-required tests and how well they prepare students for college. In 2013, Bloomberg BusinessWeek named Rogers the \u201cBest Place to Raise Kids in Minnesota.\" \"Rockin' Rogers Days\" is held annually the last weekend of June.", "Loimijoki The river Loimijoki is a river in Finland and the longest tributary of the river Kokem\u00e4enjoki. The river originates at the lake Pyh\u00e4j\u00e4rvi in Tammela and joins the river Kokem\u00e4enjoki in Huittinen. There is a difference in elevation between the source and the mouth of the river, which is long. The river drains a catchment area of . The river has several dams at Forssa, Jokioinen and Loimaa. The Loimijoki river runs through the most fertile lands of Finland making its water relatively muddy. The river was badly polluted by sewage of industry and population centers along the river, but since the 1980s the river has been starting to recover and currently the river sees also recreational use like fishing and water sports."], "answer": {"text": "Rogers was approached by William Dampier, a navigator and friend of Rogers' father, who proposed a privateering expedition against the Spanish.", "answer_start": 695}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7ad33a767e2247c38b9f36a44389423a_1_q#1", "question": "why did he approach rogers?", "rewrite": "why did William Dampier approach rogers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The War of the Spanish Succession started in 1702, during which England's main maritime foes were France and Spain, and a number of Bristol ships were given letters of marque, allowing them to strike against enemy shipping. At least four vessels in which Rogers had an ownership interest were granted the letters. One, Whetstone Galley, named for Rogers' father in law, received the letters before being sent to Africa to begin a voyage in the slave trade. It did not reach Africa, but was captured by the French. Rogers suffered other losses against the French, although he does not record their extent in his book. He turned to privateering as a means of recouping these losses. In late 1707, Rogers was approached by William Dampier, a navigator and friend of Rogers' father, who proposed a privateering expedition against the Spanish. This was a desperate move on the part of Captain Dampier to save his career. Dampier had recently returned from leading a two-ship privateering expedition into the Pacific, which culminated in a series of mutinies before both ships finally sank due to Dampier's error in not having the hulls properly protected against worms before leaving port. Unaware of this, Rogers agreed. Financing was provided by many in the Bristol community, including Thomas Goldney II of the Quaker Goldney family and Thomas Dover, who would become president of the voyage council and Rogers' father in law. Commanding two frigates, Duke and Duchess, and captaining the first, Rogers spent three years circumnavigating the globe. The ships departed Bristol on 1 August 1708. Dampier was aboard as Rogers' sailing master. Rogers encountered various problems along the way. Forty of the Bristol crew deserted or were dismissed, and he spent a month in Ireland recruiting replacements and having the vessels prepared for sea. Many crew members were Dutch, Danish, or other foreigners.", "John Clipperton John Clipperton (1676 \u2013 June 1722) was an English privateer who fought against the Spanish in the 18th century. He was involved in two buccaneering expeditions to the South Pacific\u2014the first led by William Dampier in 1703, and the second under his own command in 1719. He used Clipperton Island in the eastern Pacific Ocean as a base for his raids. John Clipperton was born in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, in 1676 into a family of seafarers. In his younger days he sailed all the seas of Europe, made one trip to the West Indies and one around the world. He was an able pilot and seaman, but also a man of faults. He was a blunt, plain-spoken sailor. He was definitely no gentleman; but at times tried to be seen as one. Rash fits of rage would befall him, although he was soon appeased. Then he would be ready to repair any injustice that he had committed in the heat of anger\u2014at least when this was possible. In 1703 he sailed with the expedition of Captain William Dampier during the War of the Spanish Succession. Dampier appointed Clipperton captain of one of the Spanish ships they had taken as a prize. This first voyage of Clipperton did not proceed well. He led a mutiny against Dampier, and was later taken captive by the Spanish. The Marquis de Villa-Rocha, who would subsequently become governor of Panama, treated him with much indifference. Clipperton returned home in 1712 after four years of captivity. It was, however, during this journey that he is said to have discovered Clipperton Island, which he would use as a hideout.", "Murujuga Murujuga, usually known as the Burrup Peninsula, is an island in the Dampier Archipelago, in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, containing the town of Dampier. Originally named Dampier Island after the English navigator William Dampier, it lies 3 km off the Pilbara coast. In 1963 the island became an artificial peninsula when it was connected to the mainland by a causeway for a road and railway. In 1979 Dampier Peninsula was renamed Burrup Peninsula after Mt Burrup, the highest peak on the island, which had been named after Henry Burrup, a Union Bank clerk murdered in 1885 at Roebourne. The region is sometimes confused with the Dampier Peninsula, 800 km to the north-east. In Ngayarda languages, including that of the indigenous people of the peninsula, the Jaburara people, \"murujuga\" meant \"hip bone sticking out\". The peninsula is a unique ecological and archaeological area since it contains the world's largest and most important collection of petroglyphs \u2013 ancient Aboriginal rock carvings some claim to date back as far as the last ice age about 10,000 years ago. The collection of standing stones here is the largest in Australia with rock art petroglyphs numbering over one million, many depicting images of the now extinct thylacine (Tasmanian tiger). The Dampier Rock Art Precinct, which covers the entire archipelago, is the subject of ongoing political debate due to historical and proposed industrial development. Concern around the ecological, historical, cultural and archaeological significance of the area has led to a campaign for its protection, causing conflict with industrial development on the site. The preservation of the Murujuga monument has been called for since 1969, and in 2002 the International Federation of Rock Art Organizations (IFRAO) commenced a campaign to preserve the remaining monument.", "Alexander Selkirk Alexander Selkirk (167613 December 1721) was a Scottish privateer and Royal Navy officer who spent four years and four months as a castaway (1704\u20131709) after being marooned by his captain on an uninhabited island in the South Pacific Ocean. He survived that ordeal, but succumbed to tropical illness a dozen years later while serving aboard off West Africa. Selkirk was an unruly youth, and joined buccaneering voyages to the South Pacific during the War of the Spanish Succession. One such expedition was on \"Cinque Ports\", captained by Thomas Stradling under the overall command of William Dampier. Stradling's ship stopped to resupply at the uninhabited Juan Fern\u00e1ndez Islands, and Selkirk judged correctly that the craft was unseaworthy and asked to be left there. By the time he was eventually rescued by English privateer Woodes Rogers, in company with Dampier, Selkirk had become adept at hunting and making use of the resources that he found on the island. His story of survival was widely publicised after his return to England, becoming a source of inspiration for writer Daniel Defoe's fictional character Robinson Crusoe. Alexander Selkirk was the son of a shoemaker and tanner in Lower Largo, Fife, Scotland, born in 1676. In his youth he displayed a quarrelsome and unruly disposition. He was summoned before the Kirk Session in August 1693 for his \"indecent conduct in church\", but he \"did not appear, being gone to sea\". He was back at Largo in 1701 when he again came to the attention of church authorities for assaulting his brothers. Early on, he was engaged in buccaneering. In 1703 he joined an expedition of English privateer and explorer William Dampier to the South Pacific Ocean, setting sail from Kinsale in Ireland on 11 September.", "Dampier, Western Australia Dampier is a major industrial port in the Pilbara region in the northwest of Western Australia. It is located near the city of Karratha and Port Walcott. Dampier Port is part of the Dampier Archipelago and is primarily a port for the export of iron ore from Rio Tinto mines, LNG and salt. The port services petrochemical, salt, iron ore and natural gas export industries. Rio Tinto exports large volumes of iron ore, especially Pilbara blend through the port, and in September 2010 announced plans to expand capacity. At the 2011 census, Dampier had a population of 1,341. The Yaburrara Aboriginal tribe lived in the area for many thousands of years. The town derives its name from its location on Dampier Island 3 km off the Pilbara Coast and part of the Dampier Archipelago, both named after the English navigator William Dampier. In 1963, the island became an artificial peninsula when it was connected to the mainland by a causeway for a road and railway. In 1979, Dampier Peninsular was renamed after Mt Burrup, the highest peak on the island, which had been named after Henry Burrup, a Union Bank clerk murdered in 1885 at Roebourne. In 1699, Dampier, in command of the 26-gun warship HMS \"Roebuck\" on a mission to explore the coast of New Holland, following the Dutch route to the Indies, passed between Dirk Hartog Island and the Western Australian mainland into what he called Shark Bay. He then followed the coast northeast, on 21 August 1699, reaching the Dampier Archipelago, which he explored, naming Rosemary Island. He continued to Lagrange Bay, just south of what is now Roebuck Bay, before sailing for Timor. The town was built from 1965 onwards, to serve the railway transporting iron ore from Tom Price and Paraburdoo."], "answer": {"text": "This was a desperate move on the part of Captain Dampier to save his career.", "answer_start": 839}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Rogers prepare for his voyage?", "answer": {"text": "Rogers was approached by William Dampier, a navigator and friend of Rogers' father, who proposed a privateering expedition against the Spanish.", "answer_start": 695, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7ad33a767e2247c38b9f36a44389423a_1_q#2", "question": "what had happened to Dampier's career?", "rewrite": "what had happened to Dampier's career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Alfred Dampier Alfred Dampier (1843 \u2013 23 May 1908) was an English-born actor-manager and playwright, active in Australia. Dampier was born in Horsham, Sussex, England, the son of John Dampier, a builder, and his wife Mary, \"n\u00e9e\" Daly. Dampier had a stage career in Manchester before moving to Melbourne, Australia in 1873. Dampier soon formed his own company and often produced plays with an Australian theme. Dampier staged five plays by Francis Rawdon Chesney Hopkins from 1876 to 82. Dampier adapted \"For the Term of His Natural Life\" (1886), \"Robbery Under Arms\" (1890), and \"The Miner's Right\" (1891). The two roles Dampier was most associated with in his lifetime was Jean Valjean in \"Valjean\", an adaptation of \"Les Mis\u00e9rables\", and Captain Starlight in \"Robbery Under Arms\". Dampier died in Paddington, Sydney on 24 May 1908. Dampier was survived by his wife, one son and two daughters. His daughter Lily Dampier was a noted actor in her own right, and married actor and director Alfred Rolfe, who adapted several of Dampier's plays to the screen. Lily Dampier died in 1915. Dampier's wife died shortly afterwards from a stroke while touring America with her other daughter Rose and son Fred. Rose Dampier died while on tour in Nebraska in 1919. Dampier's son Fred was also an actor although he was never has successful as his father, sisters or brother in law. Fred had a secret marriage to another actor, Vera in 1905.", "Louie Dampier Louis Dampier (born November 20, 1944) is an American retired professional basketball player. A 6-foot-tall guard, Dampier is one of only a handful of men to play all nine seasons in the American Basketball Association (ABA) (1967\u20131976), all with the Kentucky Colonels. He also was one of just two players to play all nine ABA seasons with the same team; the other was Byron Beck of the Denver Rockets, later renamed the Nuggets. After the ABA\u2013NBA merger in 1976 Dampier also played three seasons (1976\u20131979) in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the San Antonio Spurs. Dampier was inducted as a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2015. Dampier was born in Indianapolis and played at Southport High School in the suburb of Southport. He also played in an annual all-star game featuring top high-school players from Indiana and Kentucky. Dampier was a two-sport athlete at the University of Kentucky, playing baseball as well as basketball. Playing under the legendary coach Adolph Rupp, Dampier, Tommy Kron and Pat Riley led Rupp's Runts to the 1966 NCAA championship game, where they lost to Texas Western College (now the University of Texas at El Paso) in a watershed game for college basketball. This game spearheaded the end of racial segregation in college basketball. During his three years at Kentucky (at the time, freshmen were ineligible to play varsity sports), Dampier was a two-time All-American and three-time All-Southeastern Conference selection. He was also named Academic All-SEC twice and Academic All-American once. Upon graduation from Kentucky in 1967, Dampier scored 1,575 points, at the time third-most in school history behind only Cotton Nash (1,770) and Alex Groza (1,744).", "Jeffrey Dampier Jeffrey Dampier Jr. (March 24, 1966July 26, 2005) was the winner of an Illinois Lottery jackpot worth US $20 million in 1996. He was murdered by his sister-in-law and her boyfriend in 2005. Dampier was born in Chicago's West Side. His father was Jeffrey Dampier Sr. His widow was Crystal Jackson Dampier. Dampier and his ex-wife won the Illinois Lottery jackpot in 1996. It was worth approximately US $20 million. They eventually divorced and split the money 50/50. Soon after, Jeffrey met Crystal Jackson, dated and married her. Two years later, the two moved to Tampa Bay. Once in Florida, Dampier used the money to invest in a popcorn business called Kassie's Gourmet Popcorn, based in Tampa Bay's Channelside entertainment district. Shortly after, Jeffrey moved Crystal's two sisters, Victoria and Terri Jackson, to Tampa as well. With no means of their own, Dampier took care of both of the sisters' finances and continued to buy presents for many of their family members, including his sister-in-law Victoria Jackson (with whom he was having an affair). On July 26, 2005, Dampier was murdered by Victoria Jackson and her boyfriend Nathaniel Jackson, presumably for his jackpot winnings. There are multiple accounts of the murder. According to some sources, Dampier was lured to the Jacksons' apartment by Victoria Jackson, who claimed that she had car problems. Dampier's hands and feet were bound with shoelaces. Nathaniel Jackson then pointed a gun at Dampier and forced him into his van. Terri Jackson, Victoria's sister, was also at the scene of the murder. Afterwards, Nathaniel gave the shotgun to Victoria and reportedly said, \"Shoot him or I'll shoot you.\"", "Henry Dampier Henry Dampier (d. 17 October 1771) was an English merchant, politician, and slave trader in Bristol, England during the 18th century. He was elected Sheriff and eventually Mayor of Bristol. Dampier was involved in the Society of Merchant Venturers for decades and is known for having traded in slaves during the Atlantic Slave Trade. Henry Dampier was born sometime in the early 18th century, in the city of Bristol, England. Dampier gained influence from a long-established merchant, James Day, who was responsible for guiding Dampier into the business of slave trading. Dampier and Day were related by marriage. Through this connection, Dampier was able to foster close relations with a prominent local merchant. His reputation and connections encouraged others to invest in his company. In 1726, Dampier became a member of the Royal African Company. Dampier began his involvement in the Atlantic Slave Trade in 1728; his last voyage was in 1743. In the decade and a half after 1730, Dampier was among 20 merchants that dominated the port's trade to Africa. Dampier's slave vessels made approximately 26 voyages for the purpose of trading slaves, acquiring 7,594 slaves in Africa, with 6,277 surviving. After purchase they were sent to various ports in the Caribbean including Jamaica, but also to the British colonies of Virginia and Maryland. Dampier's principal region of purchases included St. Helena, the Bight of Biafra, the Gulf of Guinea Islands, the Gold Coast and other minor trading posts in West Central Africa. The total number of slaves taken to the Caribbean was 5,376, while the total taken to mainland North America was 2,218. Dampier was responsible for a total of 7,594 embarked slaves with a net retention of 6,277, meaning 1,317 slaves or 18 percent died during their voyage.", "Dampier, Western Australia Dampier is a major industrial port in the Pilbara region in the northwest of Western Australia. It is located near the city of Karratha and Port Walcott. Dampier Port is part of the Dampier Archipelago and is primarily a port for the export of iron ore from Rio Tinto mines, LNG and salt. The port services petrochemical, salt, iron ore and natural gas export industries. Rio Tinto exports large volumes of iron ore, especially Pilbara blend through the port, and in September 2010 announced plans to expand capacity. At the 2011 census, Dampier had a population of 1,341. The Yaburrara Aboriginal tribe lived in the area for many thousands of years. The town derives its name from its location on Dampier Island 3 km off the Pilbara Coast and part of the Dampier Archipelago, both named after the English navigator William Dampier. In 1963, the island became an artificial peninsula when it was connected to the mainland by a causeway for a road and railway. In 1979, Dampier Peninsular was renamed after Mt Burrup, the highest peak on the island, which had been named after Henry Burrup, a Union Bank clerk murdered in 1885 at Roebourne. In 1699, Dampier, in command of the 26-gun warship HMS \"Roebuck\" on a mission to explore the coast of New Holland, following the Dutch route to the Indies, passed between Dirk Hartog Island and the Western Australian mainland into what he called Shark Bay. He then followed the coast northeast, on 21 August 1699, reaching the Dampier Archipelago, which he explored, naming Rosemary Island. He continued to Lagrange Bay, just south of what is now Roebuck Bay, before sailing for Timor. The town was built from 1965 onwards, to serve the railway transporting iron ore from Tom Price and Paraburdoo."], "answer": {"text": "Dampier had recently returned from leading a two-ship privateering expedition into the Pacific, which culminated in a series of mutinies before both ships finally sank due to Dampier's error", "answer_start": 916}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Rogers prepare for his voyage?", "answer": {"text": "Rogers was approached by William Dampier, a navigator and friend of Rogers' father, who proposed a privateering expedition against the Spanish.", "answer_start": 695, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he approach rogers?", "answer": {"text": "This was a desperate move on the part of Captain Dampier to save his career.", "answer_start": 839, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7ad33a767e2247c38b9f36a44389423a_1_q#3", "question": "what error had he made?", "rewrite": "what error had Dampier made during his expedition?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In January 2014, Teva acquired NuPathe, after outbidding Endo, for $144 million. In June 2014, Teva acquired Labrys Biologics for up to $825 million, the aim being to strengthen the company's migraine pipeline through addition of LBR-101, an anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody therapeutic. In March 2015, Teva acquired Auspex Pharmaceuticals for $3.5 billion growing its CNS portfolio. In April, Teva offered to acquire Mylan for $40 billion, only a fortnight after Mylan offered to buy Perrigo for $29 billion. Teva's offer for Mylan was contingent on Mylan abandoning its pursuit of Perrigo. Mylan stated in June 2015 that Teva\u2019s disclosure that it had a 1.35 percent stake in Mylan violated US anti-trust rules. In October, the company acquired Mexico-based Representaciones e Investigaciones Medicas (Rimsa) for around $2.3 billion. In the same month Teva acquired Gecko Health Innovations. In November 2015, the company announced it would collaborate with Heptares Therapeutics with its work on small-molecule calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists for migraine treatment, with the deal generating up to $410 million. Teva Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (TAPI) operates within Teva as a stand-alone business unit. As well as providing for Teva's own needs, the TAPI division is an active competitor in world markets. In 2009, TAPI's sales to third parties totaled $565 million, and in 2010 sales rose by 13% to a total of $641 million.", "In 1967 the Cincinnati Royals (now the Sacramento Kings) selected Dampier in the fourth round of the NBA Draft and the Kentucky Colonels selected him in the ABA draft. Dampier eventually signed with the Kentucky Colonels of the fledgling ABA and teamed with Darel Carrier to form the most explosive backcourt duo in the league. In each of the ABA's first three seasons, both Dampier and Carrier averaged at least 20 points per game. Both were three-point field goal specialists (the ABA had used the three-point field goal from its inception), but especially Dampier who made 500 during a three-year stretch: a record 199 during the 1968\u201369 season, 198 in 1969\u201370 and 103 in 1970\u201371. At the conclusion of the ABA's history, Dampier made a career-record 794 3-point field goals. He also finished first all-time in the ABA in games played (728), minutes played (27,770), points scored (13,726), and assists (4,044). During the 1970\u201371 season, he hit 57 consecutive free throws for what was then a pro record (ABA or NBA). Seven times, he was named an ABA All-Star. He was a unanimous choice for the ABA Top 30 team. He played on the Colonels' 1975 ABA championship team, which featured a later Kentucky standout, Dan Issel, as well as 7'2\" center Artis Gilmore. After the 1976 season, the ABA ceased operations with Kentucky and two other teams folding. Dampier was selected by the San Antonio Spurs (one of the four teams to join the NBA in the ABA\u2013NBA merger) in the 1976 ABA Dispersal Draft. Playing mostly as a role player behind George Gervin, Dampier averaged 6.7 points in 232 NBA games.", "On 5 January 1688, Cygnet \"anchored two miles from shore in 29 fathoms\" on the northwest coast of Australia, near King Sound. Dampier and his ship remained there until March 12, and while the ship was being careened Dampier made notes on the fauna and flora and the indigenous peoples he found there. Among his fellows were a significant number of Spanish sailors, most notably Alonso Ramirez, a native of San Juan, Puerto Rico. Later that year, by agreement, Dampier and two shipmates were marooned on one of the Nicobar Islands. They obtained a small canoe which they modified after first capsizing and then, after surviving a great storm at sea, called at \"Acheen\" (Aceh) in Sumatra. Dampier returned to England in 1691 via the Cape of Good Hope, penniless but in possession of his journals. He also had as a source of income a slave known as Prince Jeoly (or Giolo), from Miangas (now Indonesia), who became famous for his tattoos (or \"paintings\" as they were known at the time). Dampier exhibited Jeoly in London, thereby also generating publicity for a book based on his diaries.", "Teva acquired its U.S. rival Ivax Corporation in January 2006, Barr in 2007 and Ratiopharm in 2010.On December 23, 2008, Teva acquired Barr Pharmaceuticals for $7.5 billion, making Barr and Pliva (which Barr bought earlier) part of Teva. On March 18, 2010, Teva said it planned to acquire German generic Ratiopharm for US$5 billion. The deal was completed in August 2010. In May 2011, Teva bought Cephalon for US$6.8 billion. The same month, Teva announced the \u00a540 billion purchase of a majority stake in Japanese generic drug company Taiyo Pharmaceutical Industry, a move to secure a Japan-local production facility. Teva completed the $934 million acquisition in July 2011. In June 2013 Teva acquired US firm MicroDose Therapeutx for $40 million with as much as $125 million being paid in regulatory and developmental milestones In 2010, Teva announced that it would build its main distribution center for the Americas in Philadelphia, PA, and was considering opening its US headquarters in the area. In 2010, it had 39,660 employees. In Israel, the number of workers rose 7.5% by 6,774. In March 2010, Teva acquired German-based company Ratiopharm in a deal worth almost $5 billion, significantly expanding its European coverage. In October 2010, Teva entered a licensing agreement with BioTime to develop and market BioTime's OpRegen for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration, an effort that in 2013 received $1.5 billion in funding from Israel's Office of the Chief Scientist. In May 2011 Teva announced it would purchase Cephalon for US$6.8 billion, to help expand its presence in the proprietary pharmaceuticals sector.", "In 1679, Dampier joined the crew of the buccaneer Captain Bartholomew Sharp on the Spanish Main of Central America, twice visiting the Bay of Campeche, or \"Campeachy\" as it was then known, on the north coast of Mexico. This led to his first circumnavigation, during which he accompanied a raid across the Isthmus of Darien in Panama and took part in the capture of Spanish ships on the Pacific coast of that isthmus. The pirates then raided Spanish settlements in Peru before returning to the Caribbean. Dampier made his way to Virginia, where in 1683 he was engaged by the privateer John Cooke. Cooke entered the Pacific via Cape Horn and spent a year raiding Spanish possessions in Peru, the Galapagos Islands, and Mexico. This expedition collected buccaneers and ships as it went along, at one time having a fleet of ten vessels. Cooke died in Mexico, and a new leader, Edward Davis, was elected captain by the crew, taking the ship Batchelor's Delight, with future Captain George Raynor in the crew. Dampier transferred to the privateer Charles Swan's ship, Cygnet, and on 31 March 1686 they set out across the Pacific to raid the East Indies, calling at Guam and Mindanao. Spanish witnesses saw the predominantly English crew as not only pirates and heretics but also cannibals. Leaving Swan and 36 others behind on Mindanao, the rest of the privateers sailed on to Manila, Poulo Condor, China, the Spice Islands, and New Holland. Contrary to Dampier's later claim that he had not actively participated in actual piratical attacks during this voyage, he was in fact selected in 1687 to command one of the Spanish ships captured by Cygnet's crew off Manila."], "answer": {"text": "not having the hulls properly protected against worms before leaving port.", "answer_start": 1110}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Rogers prepare for his voyage?", "answer": {"text": "Rogers was approached by William Dampier, a navigator and friend of Rogers' father, who proposed a privateering expedition against the Spanish.", "answer_start": 695, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he approach rogers?", "answer": {"text": "This was a desperate move on the part of Captain Dampier to save his career.", "answer_start": 839, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what had happened to Dampier's career?", "answer": {"text": "Dampier had recently returned from leading a two-ship privateering expedition into the Pacific, which culminated in a series of mutinies before both ships finally sank due to Dampier's error", "answer_start": 916, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7ad33a767e2247c38b9f36a44389423a_1_q#4", "question": "and did rogers agree to his proposal?", "rewrite": "and did rogers agree to Dampier's proposal?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Henry Dampier Henry Dampier (d. 17 October 1771) was an English merchant, politician, and slave trader in Bristol, England during the 18th century. He was elected Sheriff and eventually Mayor of Bristol. Dampier was involved in the Society of Merchant Venturers for decades and is known for having traded in slaves during the Atlantic Slave Trade. Henry Dampier was born sometime in the early 18th century, in the city of Bristol, England. Dampier gained influence from a long-established merchant, James Day, who was responsible for guiding Dampier into the business of slave trading. Dampier and Day were related by marriage. Through this connection, Dampier was able to foster close relations with a prominent local merchant. His reputation and connections encouraged others to invest in his company. In 1726, Dampier became a member of the Royal African Company. Dampier began his involvement in the Atlantic Slave Trade in 1728; his last voyage was in 1743. In the decade and a half after 1730, Dampier was among 20 merchants that dominated the port's trade to Africa. Dampier's slave vessels made approximately 26 voyages for the purpose of trading slaves, acquiring 7,594 slaves in Africa, with 6,277 surviving. After purchase they were sent to various ports in the Caribbean including Jamaica, but also to the British colonies of Virginia and Maryland. Dampier's principal region of purchases included St. Helena, the Bight of Biafra, the Gulf of Guinea Islands, the Gold Coast and other minor trading posts in West Central Africa. The total number of slaves taken to the Caribbean was 5,376, while the total taken to mainland North America was 2,218. Dampier was responsible for a total of 7,594 embarked slaves with a net retention of 6,277, meaning 1,317 slaves or 18 percent died during their voyage.", "The War of the Spanish Succession started in 1702, during which England's main maritime foes were France and Spain, and a number of Bristol ships were given letters of marque, allowing them to strike against enemy shipping. At least four vessels in which Rogers had an ownership interest were granted the letters. One, Whetstone Galley, named for Rogers' father in law, received the letters before being sent to Africa to begin a voyage in the slave trade. It did not reach Africa, but was captured by the French. Rogers suffered other losses against the French, although he does not record their extent in his book. He turned to privateering as a means of recouping these losses. In late 1707, Rogers was approached by William Dampier, a navigator and friend of Rogers' father, who proposed a privateering expedition against the Spanish. This was a desperate move on the part of Captain Dampier to save his career. Dampier had recently returned from leading a two-ship privateering expedition into the Pacific, which culminated in a series of mutinies before both ships finally sank due to Dampier's error in not having the hulls properly protected against worms before leaving port. Unaware of this, Rogers agreed. Financing was provided by many in the Bristol community, including Thomas Goldney II of the Quaker Goldney family and Thomas Dover, who would become president of the voyage council and Rogers' father in law. Commanding two frigates, Duke and Duchess, and captaining the first, Rogers spent three years circumnavigating the globe. The ships departed Bristol on 1 August 1708. Dampier was aboard as Rogers' sailing master. Rogers encountered various problems along the way. Forty of the Bristol crew deserted or were dismissed, and he spent a month in Ireland recruiting replacements and having the vessels prepared for sea. Many crew members were Dutch, Danish, or other foreigners.", "Alfred Dampier Alfred Dampier (1843 \u2013 23 May 1908) was an English-born actor-manager and playwright, active in Australia. Dampier was born in Horsham, Sussex, England, the son of John Dampier, a builder, and his wife Mary, \"n\u00e9e\" Daly. Dampier had a stage career in Manchester before moving to Melbourne, Australia in 1873. Dampier soon formed his own company and often produced plays with an Australian theme. Dampier staged five plays by Francis Rawdon Chesney Hopkins from 1876 to 82. Dampier adapted \"For the Term of His Natural Life\" (1886), \"Robbery Under Arms\" (1890), and \"The Miner's Right\" (1891). The two roles Dampier was most associated with in his lifetime was Jean Valjean in \"Valjean\", an adaptation of \"Les Mis\u00e9rables\", and Captain Starlight in \"Robbery Under Arms\". Dampier died in Paddington, Sydney on 24 May 1908. Dampier was survived by his wife, one son and two daughters. His daughter Lily Dampier was a noted actor in her own right, and married actor and director Alfred Rolfe, who adapted several of Dampier's plays to the screen. Lily Dampier died in 1915. Dampier's wife died shortly afterwards from a stroke while touring America with her other daughter Rose and son Fred. Rose Dampier died while on tour in Nebraska in 1919. Dampier's son Fred was also an actor although he was never has successful as his father, sisters or brother in law. Fred had a secret marriage to another actor, Vera in 1905.", "Jeffrey Dampier Jeffrey Dampier Jr. (March 24, 1966July 26, 2005) was the winner of an Illinois Lottery jackpot worth US $20 million in 1996. He was murdered by his sister-in-law and her boyfriend in 2005. Dampier was born in Chicago's West Side. His father was Jeffrey Dampier Sr. His widow was Crystal Jackson Dampier. Dampier and his ex-wife won the Illinois Lottery jackpot in 1996. It was worth approximately US $20 million. They eventually divorced and split the money 50/50. Soon after, Jeffrey met Crystal Jackson, dated and married her. Two years later, the two moved to Tampa Bay. Once in Florida, Dampier used the money to invest in a popcorn business called Kassie's Gourmet Popcorn, based in Tampa Bay's Channelside entertainment district. Shortly after, Jeffrey moved Crystal's two sisters, Victoria and Terri Jackson, to Tampa as well. With no means of their own, Dampier took care of both of the sisters' finances and continued to buy presents for many of their family members, including his sister-in-law Victoria Jackson (with whom he was having an affair). On July 26, 2005, Dampier was murdered by Victoria Jackson and her boyfriend Nathaniel Jackson, presumably for his jackpot winnings. There are multiple accounts of the murder. According to some sources, Dampier was lured to the Jacksons' apartment by Victoria Jackson, who claimed that she had car problems. Dampier's hands and feet were bound with shoelaces. Nathaniel Jackson then pointed a gun at Dampier and forced him into his van. Terri Jackson, Victoria's sister, was also at the scene of the murder. Afterwards, Nathaniel gave the shotgun to Victoria and reportedly said, \"Shoot him or I'll shoot you.\"", "Dampier, Western Australia Dampier is a major industrial port in the Pilbara region in the northwest of Western Australia. It is located near the city of Karratha and Port Walcott. Dampier Port is part of the Dampier Archipelago and is primarily a port for the export of iron ore from Rio Tinto mines, LNG and salt. The port services petrochemical, salt, iron ore and natural gas export industries. Rio Tinto exports large volumes of iron ore, especially Pilbara blend through the port, and in September 2010 announced plans to expand capacity. At the 2011 census, Dampier had a population of 1,341. The Yaburrara Aboriginal tribe lived in the area for many thousands of years. The town derives its name from its location on Dampier Island 3 km off the Pilbara Coast and part of the Dampier Archipelago, both named after the English navigator William Dampier. In 1963, the island became an artificial peninsula when it was connected to the mainland by a causeway for a road and railway. In 1979, Dampier Peninsular was renamed after Mt Burrup, the highest peak on the island, which had been named after Henry Burrup, a Union Bank clerk murdered in 1885 at Roebourne. In 1699, Dampier, in command of the 26-gun warship HMS \"Roebuck\" on a mission to explore the coast of New Holland, following the Dutch route to the Indies, passed between Dirk Hartog Island and the Western Australian mainland into what he called Shark Bay. He then followed the coast northeast, on 21 August 1699, reaching the Dampier Archipelago, which he explored, naming Rosemary Island. He continued to Lagrange Bay, just south of what is now Roebuck Bay, before sailing for Timor. The town was built from 1965 onwards, to serve the railway transporting iron ore from Tom Price and Paraburdoo."], "answer": {"text": "Unaware of this, Rogers agreed.", "answer_start": 1185}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Rogers prepare for his voyage?", "answer": {"text": "Rogers was approached by William Dampier, a navigator and friend of Rogers' father, who proposed a privateering expedition against the Spanish.", "answer_start": 695, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he approach rogers?", "answer": {"text": "This was a desperate move on the part of Captain Dampier to save his career.", "answer_start": 839, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what had happened to Dampier's career?", "answer": {"text": "Dampier had recently returned from leading a two-ship privateering expedition into the Pacific, which culminated in a series of mutinies before both ships finally sank due to Dampier's error", "answer_start": 916, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what error had he made?", "answer": {"text": "not having the hulls properly protected against worms before leaving port.", "answer_start": 1110, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7ad33a767e2247c38b9f36a44389423a_1_q#5", "question": "what did he do after agreeing?", "rewrite": "what did Rogers do after agreeing to Dampier's proposal?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jeffrey Dampier Jeffrey Dampier Jr. (March 24, 1966July 26, 2005) was the winner of an Illinois Lottery jackpot worth US $20 million in 1996. He was murdered by his sister-in-law and her boyfriend in 2005. Dampier was born in Chicago's West Side. His father was Jeffrey Dampier Sr. His widow was Crystal Jackson Dampier. Dampier and his ex-wife won the Illinois Lottery jackpot in 1996. It was worth approximately US $20 million. They eventually divorced and split the money 50/50. Soon after, Jeffrey met Crystal Jackson, dated and married her. Two years later, the two moved to Tampa Bay. Once in Florida, Dampier used the money to invest in a popcorn business called Kassie's Gourmet Popcorn, based in Tampa Bay's Channelside entertainment district. Shortly after, Jeffrey moved Crystal's two sisters, Victoria and Terri Jackson, to Tampa as well. With no means of their own, Dampier took care of both of the sisters' finances and continued to buy presents for many of their family members, including his sister-in-law Victoria Jackson (with whom he was having an affair). On July 26, 2005, Dampier was murdered by Victoria Jackson and her boyfriend Nathaniel Jackson, presumably for his jackpot winnings. There are multiple accounts of the murder. According to some sources, Dampier was lured to the Jacksons' apartment by Victoria Jackson, who claimed that she had car problems. Dampier's hands and feet were bound with shoelaces. Nathaniel Jackson then pointed a gun at Dampier and forced him into his van. Terri Jackson, Victoria's sister, was also at the scene of the murder. Afterwards, Nathaniel gave the shotgun to Victoria and reportedly said, \"Shoot him or I'll shoot you.\"", "Dampier, Western Australia Dampier is a major industrial port in the Pilbara region in the northwest of Western Australia. It is located near the city of Karratha and Port Walcott. Dampier Port is part of the Dampier Archipelago and is primarily a port for the export of iron ore from Rio Tinto mines, LNG and salt. The port services petrochemical, salt, iron ore and natural gas export industries. Rio Tinto exports large volumes of iron ore, especially Pilbara blend through the port, and in September 2010 announced plans to expand capacity. At the 2011 census, Dampier had a population of 1,341. The Yaburrara Aboriginal tribe lived in the area for many thousands of years. The town derives its name from its location on Dampier Island 3 km off the Pilbara Coast and part of the Dampier Archipelago, both named after the English navigator William Dampier. In 1963, the island became an artificial peninsula when it was connected to the mainland by a causeway for a road and railway. In 1979, Dampier Peninsular was renamed after Mt Burrup, the highest peak on the island, which had been named after Henry Burrup, a Union Bank clerk murdered in 1885 at Roebourne. In 1699, Dampier, in command of the 26-gun warship HMS \"Roebuck\" on a mission to explore the coast of New Holland, following the Dutch route to the Indies, passed between Dirk Hartog Island and the Western Australian mainland into what he called Shark Bay. He then followed the coast northeast, on 21 August 1699, reaching the Dampier Archipelago, which he explored, naming Rosemary Island. He continued to Lagrange Bay, just south of what is now Roebuck Bay, before sailing for Timor. The town was built from 1965 onwards, to serve the railway transporting iron ore from Tom Price and Paraburdoo.", "Alfred Dampier Alfred Dampier (1843 \u2013 23 May 1908) was an English-born actor-manager and playwright, active in Australia. Dampier was born in Horsham, Sussex, England, the son of John Dampier, a builder, and his wife Mary, \"n\u00e9e\" Daly. Dampier had a stage career in Manchester before moving to Melbourne, Australia in 1873. Dampier soon formed his own company and often produced plays with an Australian theme. Dampier staged five plays by Francis Rawdon Chesney Hopkins from 1876 to 82. Dampier adapted \"For the Term of His Natural Life\" (1886), \"Robbery Under Arms\" (1890), and \"The Miner's Right\" (1891). The two roles Dampier was most associated with in his lifetime was Jean Valjean in \"Valjean\", an adaptation of \"Les Mis\u00e9rables\", and Captain Starlight in \"Robbery Under Arms\". Dampier died in Paddington, Sydney on 24 May 1908. Dampier was survived by his wife, one son and two daughters. His daughter Lily Dampier was a noted actor in her own right, and married actor and director Alfred Rolfe, who adapted several of Dampier's plays to the screen. Lily Dampier died in 1915. Dampier's wife died shortly afterwards from a stroke while touring America with her other daughter Rose and son Fred. Rose Dampier died while on tour in Nebraska in 1919. Dampier's son Fred was also an actor although he was never has successful as his father, sisters or brother in law. Fred had a secret marriage to another actor, Vera in 1905.", "The War of the Spanish Succession started in 1702, during which England's main maritime foes were France and Spain, and a number of Bristol ships were given letters of marque, allowing them to strike against enemy shipping. At least four vessels in which Rogers had an ownership interest were granted the letters. One, Whetstone Galley, named for Rogers' father in law, received the letters before being sent to Africa to begin a voyage in the slave trade. It did not reach Africa, but was captured by the French. Rogers suffered other losses against the French, although he does not record their extent in his book. He turned to privateering as a means of recouping these losses. In late 1707, Rogers was approached by William Dampier, a navigator and friend of Rogers' father, who proposed a privateering expedition against the Spanish. This was a desperate move on the part of Captain Dampier to save his career. Dampier had recently returned from leading a two-ship privateering expedition into the Pacific, which culminated in a series of mutinies before both ships finally sank due to Dampier's error in not having the hulls properly protected against worms before leaving port. Unaware of this, Rogers agreed. Financing was provided by many in the Bristol community, including Thomas Goldney II of the Quaker Goldney family and Thomas Dover, who would become president of the voyage council and Rogers' father in law. Commanding two frigates, Duke and Duchess, and captaining the first, Rogers spent three years circumnavigating the globe. The ships departed Bristol on 1 August 1708. Dampier was aboard as Rogers' sailing master. Rogers encountered various problems along the way. Forty of the Bristol crew deserted or were dismissed, and he spent a month in Ireland recruiting replacements and having the vessels prepared for sea. Many crew members were Dutch, Danish, or other foreigners.", "Henry Dampier Henry Dampier (d. 17 October 1771) was an English merchant, politician, and slave trader in Bristol, England during the 18th century. He was elected Sheriff and eventually Mayor of Bristol. Dampier was involved in the Society of Merchant Venturers for decades and is known for having traded in slaves during the Atlantic Slave Trade. Henry Dampier was born sometime in the early 18th century, in the city of Bristol, England. Dampier gained influence from a long-established merchant, James Day, who was responsible for guiding Dampier into the business of slave trading. Dampier and Day were related by marriage. Through this connection, Dampier was able to foster close relations with a prominent local merchant. His reputation and connections encouraged others to invest in his company. In 1726, Dampier became a member of the Royal African Company. Dampier began his involvement in the Atlantic Slave Trade in 1728; his last voyage was in 1743. In the decade and a half after 1730, Dampier was among 20 merchants that dominated the port's trade to Africa. Dampier's slave vessels made approximately 26 voyages for the purpose of trading slaves, acquiring 7,594 slaves in Africa, with 6,277 surviving. After purchase they were sent to various ports in the Caribbean including Jamaica, but also to the British colonies of Virginia and Maryland. Dampier's principal region of purchases included St. Helena, the Bight of Biafra, the Gulf of Guinea Islands, the Gold Coast and other minor trading posts in West Central Africa. The total number of slaves taken to the Caribbean was 5,376, while the total taken to mainland North America was 2,218. Dampier was responsible for a total of 7,594 embarked slaves with a net retention of 6,277, meaning 1,317 slaves or 18 percent died during their voyage."], "answer": {"text": "Commanding two frigates, Duke and Duchess, and captaining the first, Rogers spent three years circumnavigating the globe.", "answer_start": 1425}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Rogers prepare for his voyage?", "answer": {"text": "Rogers was approached by William Dampier, a navigator and friend of Rogers' father, who proposed a privateering expedition against the Spanish.", "answer_start": 695, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he approach rogers?", "answer": {"text": "This was a desperate move on the part of Captain Dampier to save his career.", "answer_start": 839, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what had happened to Dampier's career?", "answer": {"text": "Dampier had recently returned from leading a two-ship privateering expedition into the Pacific, which culminated in a series of mutinies before both ships finally sank due to Dampier's error", "answer_start": 916, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what error had he made?", "answer": {"text": "not having the hulls properly protected against worms before leaving port.", "answer_start": 1110, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "and did rogers agree to his proposal?", "answer": {"text": "Unaware of this, Rogers agreed.", "answer_start": 1185, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7ad33a767e2247c38b9f36a44389423a_1_q#6", "question": "was dampier with him on this trip?", "rewrite": "was dampier with Rogers on the privateering expedition?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Richard Sawkins Richard Sawkins or Hawkins (died May 22, 1680) was a British buccaneer who participated in the Pacific Adventure, a privateering expedition headed by Captain John Coxon. Although little is known of his early life, Sawkins was captured by HMS \"Success\" and later imprisoned in Port Royal while awaiting trial for piracy as late as December 1, 1679. He was apparently released however as he is later recorded commanding a small 16-ton vessel with a crew of 35 men and one gun. Along with Peter Harris, he joined up with Captain John Coxon's privateering expedition near Bocca del Toro in late-March and was one of 330 buccaneers who landed on the coast of Darien with Coxon and Bartholomew Sharp. Marching overland through the jungle, Sawkins participated in a surprise attack and looting of Santa Maria, later crossing the isthmus in Indian canoes, and sailing down the Santa Maria River eventually making their way to the Pacific Ocean. Arriving with his own group soon after, flying a red flag with yellow stripes, Sawkins soon captured two small Spanish vessels before sailing with his group towards Panama City. As they neared the city, Sawkins encountered a Spanish fleet of eight ships and, after a fierce battle, Sawkins was celebrated by his crew for his bravery and skill in their victory in what was later known as the Battle of Perico. However, some of the party began arguing amongst themselves, and John Coxon eventually left the expedition with his seventy men and returned across the isthmus on foot. With the departure of Coxon, the remaining privateers elected Sawkins as head of the expedition while Sharp was out on a separate voyage. After his victory over the Spanish fleet, Sawkins sailed towards Panama City and blockaded the harbor. Forced to negotiate with Sawkins, the Governor of Panama demanded to know Sawkins' intentions.", "Edward Davis (buccaneer) Edward Davis or Davies (fl. c. 1680\u20131688) was an English buccaneer active in the Caribbean during the 1680s and would lead successful raids against Leon and Panama in 1685, the latter considered one of the last major buccaneer raids against a Spanish stronghold. Much of his career was later recorded by writer William Dampier in \"A New Voyage Round the World\" (1697). Possibly of Flemish ancestry, he is first recorded as one of the members of the \"Pacific Adventure\" led by Bartholomew Sharp and John Coxon in 1680. But first and foremost he emerges in the Caribbean on a French privateer commanded by Captain Yanky. He was transferred to Captain Tristian's ship, the crew mutinied at Petit-Go\u00e2ve, southwest of Port-au-Prince in Saint-Domingue (Haiti). Davis then sailed under Capt John Cook arriving in April 1683 at Chesapeake Bay, where he met William Dampier. Briefly serving as a navigator, he and several others including James Kelly left the expedition within a year and returned overland through Panama with John Cook. On 23 August 1683, while selling captured prizes in Virginia, he agreed to join a privateering expedition as a quartermaster under the pirate John Cook. Sailing eastward, they soon captured the 36-gun \"Delight\" (or \"Bachelor's Delight\") shortly after arriving off West Africa at Guinea. Sailing to the Pacific in November 1683 by way of Cape Horn, Davis and the others were joined by the buccaneer John Eaton before raiding Spanish cities along the coast of South America. In March 1684, \"Bachelor's Delight\" met \"Nicholas\", Capt John Eaton's ship off Valdivia.", "John Read (pirate) John Read (fl. 1683-1688) was an English buccaneer, privateer, and pirate active from South America to the East Indies to the Indian Ocean. Along with navigator and chronicler William Dampier, Read was a crewman aboard John Cook\u2019s 1683 privateering expedition which captured a prize ship they renamed \"Bachelor's Delight\". Cook took them around Cape Horn to raid Spain\u2019s Pacific territories, joining a flotilla of other buccaneers including Charles Swan\u2019s \"Cygnet\". Cook died in 1684, replaced by Edward Davis; Read, Dampier, and others soon transferred to \"Cygnet\". After some unproductive raids Swan headed west across the Pacific in early 1686, his lack of success causing the crew to grow unruly. After a stop at Guam they arrived at Mindanao in the Philippines in June 1686. The crew soon mutinied, ejecting Swan and electing Josiah Teat as Captain, who was himself soon replaced as Captain by Read, setting sail in early 1687. Read sailed Cygnet through the East Indies with little treasure to show for the voyage. In early 1688 they landed on Australia, the first Englishmen to do so. Dampier, tired of sailing with Read and his crew, asked to be put ashore in the Nicobar Islands in 1688. Read sailed to the Indian Ocean, capturing their first lucrative prize ship in the process. On India\u2019s southwestern Coromandel coast the crew broke up, with many of the crew leaving to serve on Mughal ships. Read then took \"Cygnet\" to Madagascar where more of his sailors joined other pirate crews; Read himself took his earnings and boarded a ship bound for New York to retire from pirate life.", "The decline of Bermudian privateering was due partly to the buildup of the naval base in Bermuda, which reduced the Admiralty's reliance on privateers in the western Atlantic, and partly to successful American legal suits and claims for damages pressed against British privateers, a large portion of which were aimed squarely at the Bermudians. During the course of the War of 1812, Bermudian privateers captured 298 ships, some 19% of the 1,593 vessels captured by British naval and privateering vessels between the Great Lakes and the West Indies. Among the better known (native-born and immigrant) Bermudian privateers were Hezekiah Frith, Bridger Goodrich, Henry Jennings, Thomas Hewetson, and Thomas Tew. Bermudians were also involved in privateering from the short-lived English colony on Isla de Providencia, off the coast of Nicaragua. This colony was initially settled largely via Bermuda, with about eighty Bermudians moved to Providence in 1631. Although it was intended that the colony be used to grow cash crops, its location in the heart of the Spanish controlled territory ensured that it quickly became a base for privateering. Bermuda-based privateer Daniel Elfrith, while on a privateering expedition with Captain Sussex Camock of the bark \"Somer Ilands\" (a rendering of \"\"Somers Isles\"\", the alternate name of the Islands of Bermuda) in 1625, discovered two islands off the coast of Nicaragua, apart from each other. Camock stayed with 30 of his men to explore one of the islands, San Andr\u00e9s, while Elfrith took the Warwicke back to Bermuda bringing news of Providence Island.", "The War of the Spanish Succession started in 1702, during which England's main maritime foes were France and Spain, and a number of Bristol ships were given letters of marque, allowing them to strike against enemy shipping. At least four vessels in which Rogers had an ownership interest were granted the letters. One, Whetstone Galley, named for Rogers' father in law, received the letters before being sent to Africa to begin a voyage in the slave trade. It did not reach Africa, but was captured by the French. Rogers suffered other losses against the French, although he does not record their extent in his book. He turned to privateering as a means of recouping these losses. In late 1707, Rogers was approached by William Dampier, a navigator and friend of Rogers' father, who proposed a privateering expedition against the Spanish. This was a desperate move on the part of Captain Dampier to save his career. Dampier had recently returned from leading a two-ship privateering expedition into the Pacific, which culminated in a series of mutinies before both ships finally sank due to Dampier's error in not having the hulls properly protected against worms before leaving port. Unaware of this, Rogers agreed. Financing was provided by many in the Bristol community, including Thomas Goldney II of the Quaker Goldney family and Thomas Dover, who would become president of the voyage council and Rogers' father in law. Commanding two frigates, Duke and Duchess, and captaining the first, Rogers spent three years circumnavigating the globe. The ships departed Bristol on 1 August 1708. Dampier was aboard as Rogers' sailing master. Rogers encountered various problems along the way. Forty of the Bristol crew deserted or were dismissed, and he spent a month in Ireland recruiting replacements and having the vessels prepared for sea. Many crew members were Dutch, Danish, or other foreigners."], "answer": {"text": "Dampier was aboard as Rogers' sailing master.", "answer_start": 1592}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "how did Rogers prepare for his voyage?", "answer": {"text": "Rogers was approached by William Dampier, a navigator and friend of Rogers' father, who proposed a privateering expedition against the Spanish.", "answer_start": 695, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he approach rogers?", "answer": {"text": "This was a desperate move on the part of Captain Dampier to save his career.", "answer_start": 839, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what had happened to Dampier's career?", "answer": {"text": "Dampier had recently returned from leading a two-ship privateering expedition into the Pacific, which culminated in a series of mutinies before both ships finally sank due to Dampier's error", "answer_start": 916, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what error had he made?", "answer": {"text": "not having the hulls properly protected against worms before leaving port.", "answer_start": 1110, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "and did rogers agree to his proposal?", "answer": {"text": "Unaware of this, Rogers agreed.", "answer_start": 1185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do after agreeing?", "answer": {"text": "Commanding two frigates, Duke and Duchess, and captaining the first, Rogers spent three years circumnavigating the globe.", "answer_start": 1425, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7ad33a767e2247c38b9f36a44389423a_1_q#7", "question": "did they have any problems on this voyage?", "rewrite": "did Dampier and Rogers have any problems on their privateering expedition against the Spanish?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Richard Sawkins Richard Sawkins or Hawkins (died May 22, 1680) was a British buccaneer who participated in the Pacific Adventure, a privateering expedition headed by Captain John Coxon. Although little is known of his early life, Sawkins was captured by HMS \"Success\" and later imprisoned in Port Royal while awaiting trial for piracy as late as December 1, 1679. He was apparently released however as he is later recorded commanding a small 16-ton vessel with a crew of 35 men and one gun. Along with Peter Harris, he joined up with Captain John Coxon's privateering expedition near Bocca del Toro in late-March and was one of 330 buccaneers who landed on the coast of Darien with Coxon and Bartholomew Sharp. Marching overland through the jungle, Sawkins participated in a surprise attack and looting of Santa Maria, later crossing the isthmus in Indian canoes, and sailing down the Santa Maria River eventually making their way to the Pacific Ocean. Arriving with his own group soon after, flying a red flag with yellow stripes, Sawkins soon captured two small Spanish vessels before sailing with his group towards Panama City. As they neared the city, Sawkins encountered a Spanish fleet of eight ships and, after a fierce battle, Sawkins was celebrated by his crew for his bravery and skill in their victory in what was later known as the Battle of Perico. However, some of the party began arguing amongst themselves, and John Coxon eventually left the expedition with his seventy men and returned across the isthmus on foot. With the departure of Coxon, the remaining privateers elected Sawkins as head of the expedition while Sharp was out on a separate voyage. After his victory over the Spanish fleet, Sawkins sailed towards Panama City and blockaded the harbor. Forced to negotiate with Sawkins, the Governor of Panama demanded to know Sawkins' intentions.", "Edward Davis (buccaneer) Edward Davis or Davies (fl. c. 1680\u20131688) was an English buccaneer active in the Caribbean during the 1680s and would lead successful raids against Leon and Panama in 1685, the latter considered one of the last major buccaneer raids against a Spanish stronghold. Much of his career was later recorded by writer William Dampier in \"A New Voyage Round the World\" (1697). Possibly of Flemish ancestry, he is first recorded as one of the members of the \"Pacific Adventure\" led by Bartholomew Sharp and John Coxon in 1680. But first and foremost he emerges in the Caribbean on a French privateer commanded by Captain Yanky. He was transferred to Captain Tristian's ship, the crew mutinied at Petit-Go\u00e2ve, southwest of Port-au-Prince in Saint-Domingue (Haiti). Davis then sailed under Capt John Cook arriving in April 1683 at Chesapeake Bay, where he met William Dampier. Briefly serving as a navigator, he and several others including James Kelly left the expedition within a year and returned overland through Panama with John Cook. On 23 August 1683, while selling captured prizes in Virginia, he agreed to join a privateering expedition as a quartermaster under the pirate John Cook. Sailing eastward, they soon captured the 36-gun \"Delight\" (or \"Bachelor's Delight\") shortly after arriving off West Africa at Guinea. Sailing to the Pacific in November 1683 by way of Cape Horn, Davis and the others were joined by the buccaneer John Eaton before raiding Spanish cities along the coast of South America. In March 1684, \"Bachelor's Delight\" met \"Nicholas\", Capt John Eaton's ship off Valdivia.", "John Read (pirate) John Read (fl. 1683-1688) was an English buccaneer, privateer, and pirate active from South America to the East Indies to the Indian Ocean. Along with navigator and chronicler William Dampier, Read was a crewman aboard John Cook\u2019s 1683 privateering expedition which captured a prize ship they renamed \"Bachelor's Delight\". Cook took them around Cape Horn to raid Spain\u2019s Pacific territories, joining a flotilla of other buccaneers including Charles Swan\u2019s \"Cygnet\". Cook died in 1684, replaced by Edward Davis; Read, Dampier, and others soon transferred to \"Cygnet\". After some unproductive raids Swan headed west across the Pacific in early 1686, his lack of success causing the crew to grow unruly. After a stop at Guam they arrived at Mindanao in the Philippines in June 1686. The crew soon mutinied, ejecting Swan and electing Josiah Teat as Captain, who was himself soon replaced as Captain by Read, setting sail in early 1687. Read sailed Cygnet through the East Indies with little treasure to show for the voyage. In early 1688 they landed on Australia, the first Englishmen to do so. Dampier, tired of sailing with Read and his crew, asked to be put ashore in the Nicobar Islands in 1688. Read sailed to the Indian Ocean, capturing their first lucrative prize ship in the process. On India\u2019s southwestern Coromandel coast the crew broke up, with many of the crew leaving to serve on Mughal ships. Read then took \"Cygnet\" to Madagascar where more of his sailors joined other pirate crews; Read himself took his earnings and boarded a ship bound for New York to retire from pirate life.", "The War of the Spanish Succession started in 1702, during which England's main maritime foes were France and Spain, and a number of Bristol ships were given letters of marque, allowing them to strike against enemy shipping. At least four vessels in which Rogers had an ownership interest were granted the letters. One, Whetstone Galley, named for Rogers' father in law, received the letters before being sent to Africa to begin a voyage in the slave trade. It did not reach Africa, but was captured by the French. Rogers suffered other losses against the French, although he does not record their extent in his book. He turned to privateering as a means of recouping these losses. In late 1707, Rogers was approached by William Dampier, a navigator and friend of Rogers' father, who proposed a privateering expedition against the Spanish. This was a desperate move on the part of Captain Dampier to save his career. Dampier had recently returned from leading a two-ship privateering expedition into the Pacific, which culminated in a series of mutinies before both ships finally sank due to Dampier's error in not having the hulls properly protected against worms before leaving port. Unaware of this, Rogers agreed. Financing was provided by many in the Bristol community, including Thomas Goldney II of the Quaker Goldney family and Thomas Dover, who would become president of the voyage council and Rogers' father in law. Commanding two frigates, Duke and Duchess, and captaining the first, Rogers spent three years circumnavigating the globe. The ships departed Bristol on 1 August 1708. Dampier was aboard as Rogers' sailing master. Rogers encountered various problems along the way. Forty of the Bristol crew deserted or were dismissed, and he spent a month in Ireland recruiting replacements and having the vessels prepared for sea. Many crew members were Dutch, Danish, or other foreigners.", "The decline of Bermudian privateering was due partly to the buildup of the naval base in Bermuda, which reduced the Admiralty's reliance on privateers in the western Atlantic, and partly to successful American legal suits and claims for damages pressed against British privateers, a large portion of which were aimed squarely at the Bermudians. During the course of the War of 1812, Bermudian privateers captured 298 ships, some 19% of the 1,593 vessels captured by British naval and privateering vessels between the Great Lakes and the West Indies. Among the better known (native-born and immigrant) Bermudian privateers were Hezekiah Frith, Bridger Goodrich, Henry Jennings, Thomas Hewetson, and Thomas Tew. Bermudians were also involved in privateering from the short-lived English colony on Isla de Providencia, off the coast of Nicaragua. This colony was initially settled largely via Bermuda, with about eighty Bermudians moved to Providence in 1631. Although it was intended that the colony be used to grow cash crops, its location in the heart of the Spanish controlled territory ensured that it quickly became a base for privateering. Bermuda-based privateer Daniel Elfrith, while on a privateering expedition with Captain Sussex Camock of the bark \"Somer Ilands\" (a rendering of \"\"Somers Isles\"\", the alternate name of the Islands of Bermuda) in 1625, discovered two islands off the coast of Nicaragua, apart from each other. Camock stayed with 30 of his men to explore one of the islands, San Andr\u00e9s, while Elfrith took the Warwicke back to Bermuda bringing news of Providence Island."], "answer": {"text": "Rogers encountered various problems along the way.", "answer_start": 1638}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Rogers prepare for his voyage?", "answer": {"text": "Rogers was approached by William Dampier, a navigator and friend of Rogers' father, who proposed a privateering expedition against the Spanish.", "answer_start": 695, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he approach rogers?", "answer": {"text": "This was a desperate move on the part of Captain Dampier to save his career.", "answer_start": 839, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what had happened to Dampier's career?", "answer": {"text": "Dampier had recently returned from leading a two-ship privateering expedition into the Pacific, which culminated in a series of mutinies before both ships finally sank due to Dampier's error", "answer_start": 916, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what error had he made?", "answer": {"text": "not having the hulls properly protected against worms before leaving port.", "answer_start": 1110, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "and did rogers agree to his proposal?", "answer": {"text": "Unaware of this, Rogers agreed.", "answer_start": 1185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do after agreeing?", "answer": {"text": "Commanding two frigates, Duke and Duchess, and captaining the first, Rogers spent three years circumnavigating the globe.", "answer_start": 1425, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was dampier with him on this trip?", "answer": {"text": "Dampier was aboard as Rogers' sailing master.", "answer_start": 1592, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7ad33a767e2247c38b9f36a44389423a_1_q#8", "question": "what problems did he encounter?", "rewrite": "what problems did Rogers encounter during his expedition with Dampier?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The War of the Spanish Succession started in 1702, during which England's main maritime foes were France and Spain, and a number of Bristol ships were given letters of marque, allowing them to strike against enemy shipping. At least four vessels in which Rogers had an ownership interest were granted the letters. One, Whetstone Galley, named for Rogers' father in law, received the letters before being sent to Africa to begin a voyage in the slave trade. It did not reach Africa, but was captured by the French. Rogers suffered other losses against the French, although he does not record their extent in his book. He turned to privateering as a means of recouping these losses. In late 1707, Rogers was approached by William Dampier, a navigator and friend of Rogers' father, who proposed a privateering expedition against the Spanish. This was a desperate move on the part of Captain Dampier to save his career. Dampier had recently returned from leading a two-ship privateering expedition into the Pacific, which culminated in a series of mutinies before both ships finally sank due to Dampier's error in not having the hulls properly protected against worms before leaving port. Unaware of this, Rogers agreed. Financing was provided by many in the Bristol community, including Thomas Goldney II of the Quaker Goldney family and Thomas Dover, who would become president of the voyage council and Rogers' father in law. Commanding two frigates, Duke and Duchess, and captaining the first, Rogers spent three years circumnavigating the globe. The ships departed Bristol on 1 August 1708. Dampier was aboard as Rogers' sailing master. Rogers encountered various problems along the way. Forty of the Bristol crew deserted or were dismissed, and he spent a month in Ireland recruiting replacements and having the vessels prepared for sea. Many crew members were Dutch, Danish, or other foreigners.", "Henry Dampier Henry Dampier (d. 17 October 1771) was an English merchant, politician, and slave trader in Bristol, England during the 18th century. He was elected Sheriff and eventually Mayor of Bristol. Dampier was involved in the Society of Merchant Venturers for decades and is known for having traded in slaves during the Atlantic Slave Trade. Henry Dampier was born sometime in the early 18th century, in the city of Bristol, England. Dampier gained influence from a long-established merchant, James Day, who was responsible for guiding Dampier into the business of slave trading. Dampier and Day were related by marriage. Through this connection, Dampier was able to foster close relations with a prominent local merchant. His reputation and connections encouraged others to invest in his company. In 1726, Dampier became a member of the Royal African Company. Dampier began his involvement in the Atlantic Slave Trade in 1728; his last voyage was in 1743. In the decade and a half after 1730, Dampier was among 20 merchants that dominated the port's trade to Africa. Dampier's slave vessels made approximately 26 voyages for the purpose of trading slaves, acquiring 7,594 slaves in Africa, with 6,277 surviving. After purchase they were sent to various ports in the Caribbean including Jamaica, but also to the British colonies of Virginia and Maryland. Dampier's principal region of purchases included St. Helena, the Bight of Biafra, the Gulf of Guinea Islands, the Gold Coast and other minor trading posts in West Central Africa. The total number of slaves taken to the Caribbean was 5,376, while the total taken to mainland North America was 2,218. Dampier was responsible for a total of 7,594 embarked slaves with a net retention of 6,277, meaning 1,317 slaves or 18 percent died during their voyage.", "Dampier, Western Australia Dampier is a major industrial port in the Pilbara region in the northwest of Western Australia. It is located near the city of Karratha and Port Walcott. Dampier Port is part of the Dampier Archipelago and is primarily a port for the export of iron ore from Rio Tinto mines, LNG and salt. The port services petrochemical, salt, iron ore and natural gas export industries. Rio Tinto exports large volumes of iron ore, especially Pilbara blend through the port, and in September 2010 announced plans to expand capacity. At the 2011 census, Dampier had a population of 1,341. The Yaburrara Aboriginal tribe lived in the area for many thousands of years. The town derives its name from its location on Dampier Island 3 km off the Pilbara Coast and part of the Dampier Archipelago, both named after the English navigator William Dampier. In 1963, the island became an artificial peninsula when it was connected to the mainland by a causeway for a road and railway. In 1979, Dampier Peninsular was renamed after Mt Burrup, the highest peak on the island, which had been named after Henry Burrup, a Union Bank clerk murdered in 1885 at Roebourne. In 1699, Dampier, in command of the 26-gun warship HMS \"Roebuck\" on a mission to explore the coast of New Holland, following the Dutch route to the Indies, passed between Dirk Hartog Island and the Western Australian mainland into what he called Shark Bay. He then followed the coast northeast, on 21 August 1699, reaching the Dampier Archipelago, which he explored, naming Rosemary Island. He continued to Lagrange Bay, just south of what is now Roebuck Bay, before sailing for Timor. The town was built from 1965 onwards, to serve the railway transporting iron ore from Tom Price and Paraburdoo.", "Jeffrey Dampier Jeffrey Dampier Jr. (March 24, 1966July 26, 2005) was the winner of an Illinois Lottery jackpot worth US $20 million in 1996. He was murdered by his sister-in-law and her boyfriend in 2005. Dampier was born in Chicago's West Side. His father was Jeffrey Dampier Sr. His widow was Crystal Jackson Dampier. Dampier and his ex-wife won the Illinois Lottery jackpot in 1996. It was worth approximately US $20 million. They eventually divorced and split the money 50/50. Soon after, Jeffrey met Crystal Jackson, dated and married her. Two years later, the two moved to Tampa Bay. Once in Florida, Dampier used the money to invest in a popcorn business called Kassie's Gourmet Popcorn, based in Tampa Bay's Channelside entertainment district. Shortly after, Jeffrey moved Crystal's two sisters, Victoria and Terri Jackson, to Tampa as well. With no means of their own, Dampier took care of both of the sisters' finances and continued to buy presents for many of their family members, including his sister-in-law Victoria Jackson (with whom he was having an affair). On July 26, 2005, Dampier was murdered by Victoria Jackson and her boyfriend Nathaniel Jackson, presumably for his jackpot winnings. There are multiple accounts of the murder. According to some sources, Dampier was lured to the Jacksons' apartment by Victoria Jackson, who claimed that she had car problems. Dampier's hands and feet were bound with shoelaces. Nathaniel Jackson then pointed a gun at Dampier and forced him into his van. Terri Jackson, Victoria's sister, was also at the scene of the murder. Afterwards, Nathaniel gave the shotgun to Victoria and reportedly said, \"Shoot him or I'll shoot you.\"", "Alfred Dampier Alfred Dampier (1843 \u2013 23 May 1908) was an English-born actor-manager and playwright, active in Australia. Dampier was born in Horsham, Sussex, England, the son of John Dampier, a builder, and his wife Mary, \"n\u00e9e\" Daly. Dampier had a stage career in Manchester before moving to Melbourne, Australia in 1873. Dampier soon formed his own company and often produced plays with an Australian theme. Dampier staged five plays by Francis Rawdon Chesney Hopkins from 1876 to 82. Dampier adapted \"For the Term of His Natural Life\" (1886), \"Robbery Under Arms\" (1890), and \"The Miner's Right\" (1891). The two roles Dampier was most associated with in his lifetime was Jean Valjean in \"Valjean\", an adaptation of \"Les Mis\u00e9rables\", and Captain Starlight in \"Robbery Under Arms\". Dampier died in Paddington, Sydney on 24 May 1908. Dampier was survived by his wife, one son and two daughters. His daughter Lily Dampier was a noted actor in her own right, and married actor and director Alfred Rolfe, who adapted several of Dampier's plays to the screen. Lily Dampier died in 1915. Dampier's wife died shortly afterwards from a stroke while touring America with her other daughter Rose and son Fred. Rose Dampier died while on tour in Nebraska in 1919. Dampier's son Fred was also an actor although he was never has successful as his father, sisters or brother in law. Fred had a secret marriage to another actor, Vera in 1905."], "answer": {"text": "Some of the crew mutinied after Rogers refused to let them plunder a neutral Swedish vessel.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Rogers prepare for his voyage?", "answer": {"text": "Rogers was approached by William Dampier, a navigator and friend of Rogers' father, who proposed a privateering expedition against the Spanish.", "answer_start": 695, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he approach rogers?", "answer": {"text": "This was a desperate move on the part of Captain Dampier to save his career.", "answer_start": 839, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what had happened to Dampier's career?", "answer": {"text": "Dampier had recently returned from leading a two-ship privateering expedition into the Pacific, which culminated in a series of mutinies before both ships finally sank due to Dampier's error", "answer_start": 916, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what error had he made?", "answer": {"text": "not having the hulls properly protected against worms before leaving port.", "answer_start": 1110, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "and did rogers agree to his proposal?", "answer": {"text": "Unaware of this, Rogers agreed.", "answer_start": 1185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do after agreeing?", "answer": {"text": "Commanding two frigates, Duke and Duchess, and captaining the first, Rogers spent three years circumnavigating the globe.", "answer_start": 1425, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was dampier with him on this trip?", "answer": {"text": "Dampier was aboard as Rogers' sailing master.", "answer_start": 1592, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they have any problems on this voyage?", "answer": {"text": "Rogers encountered various problems along the way.", "answer_start": 1638, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7ad33a767e2247c38b9f36a44389423a_1_q#9", "question": "why did they do that?", "rewrite": "why did Roger's crew mutiny?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Les mutin\u00e9s de l'Elseneur Les mutin\u00e9s de l'Elseneur is a 1936 French action film directed by Pierre Chenal and starring Jean Murat, Winna Winifried and Andr\u00e9 Berley. A journalist takes command of a ship after the crew mutiny against the brutal captain. It was an adaptation of the novel \"The Mutiny of the Elsinore\" by Jack London. En toile de fond servi la barque allemand quatre-m\u00e2ts \"Padua\"; capitaine du voilier \u00e9tait \"Robert Clauss\", le quatre-m\u00e2ts-barque aujourd'hui comme un navire \u00e9cole Krusenstern sous le drapeau russe.", "His ship's passengers also have various reasons for leaving Freetown: Dr. Webster (Nigel Stock) and his daughter Unity (Suzanna Leigh) for his indiscretions with patients; an alcoholic conman Harry Tyler (Tony Beckley); and Eva Peters (Hildegard Knef), who has stolen bearer bonds to pay for the ransom on her son in Caracas, with lawyer, Ricaldi (Ben Carruthers), after her to retrieve them. An accident nearly sets off the explosives and power is lost. Some of the crew mutiny and take to a lifeboat. Chief Engineer Nick (James Cossins) cannot fix the generator and Lansen, fearing the ship may explode, takes the remaining crew and passengers into a lifeboat. Dr Webster is devoured by a shark. The next morning the lifeboat finds itself adrift in carnivorous seaweed, which kills the cook. The lifeboat bumps into the \"Corita\" and they find the propellers fouled with the seaweed. During the night, Unity is attacked by a huge octopus, which kills Ricaldi when he attempts to rescue her. Sarah (Dana Gillespie) appears walking on the weed, using buoyancy balloons attached to her shoulders. She warns the captain of an impending attack. The crew and passengers defend the ship, with the surviving attackers returning to a Spanish galleon. Child leader \"El Supremo\" (Darryl Read), the descendant of the Spanish Conquistadores, along with members of the Spanish Inquisition had ordered the attack to steal supplies. The leader of the failed attack is fed to a sea monster in a pit. Sarah attempts to return to her island but is tracked down by the Spanish. While on a rock, the bartender is killed by a giant crab. Sarah, the ship's chief, and Tyler are then captured by the Spanish and taken to the galleon.", "Worst Case Scenario (Star Trek: Voyager) \"Worst Case Scenario\" is the 67th series and 25th and penultimate episode of the of \"\". This episode focuses on events that take place on a spacecraft virtual reality system (a \"Star Trek\" holodeck in USS Voyager), involving a plot based on factions established earlier in the series. Various members of \"Voyager\"s crew discover a holodeck simulation called \"Insurrection Alpha\", in which the Maquis members of the ship's crew mutiny against the Starfleet officers. The program appears unfinished, and its author is unknown. As the program becomes popular, Tuvok admits he wrote the program himself, to train his security officers in the event of a possible Maquis rebellion; however, as the Maquis proved to integrate well with their crewmates, Tuvok abandoned the program, believing that it would only exacerbate tensions on board the ship. However, given how popular that Insurrection Alpha has already become amongst the crew, Tom Paris offers to help complete the remainder of the program with Tuvok's help, turning the program into a full-fledged holonovel. When Paris and Tuvok start to work on the program in the holodeck, they suddenly find themselves trapped in the virtual brig. They are addressed by the simulation's version of former crew member Seska, who admits that before she had escaped the ship, she had discovered Tuvok's program, and created this trap should he attempt to alter it. Seska's alterations not only affect the holodeck but other parts of \"Voyager\", threatening the well-being of the whole crew. While Tuvok and Paris attempt to survive the simulation, Captain Janeway and B'Elanna Torres attempt to effect changes in the simulation to help them.", "The entire crew was irradiated as was most of the ship and some of the ballistic missiles on board. All seven members of the engineering crew and their divisional officer died of radiation exposure within the next month. Fifteen more sailors died within the next two years. Instead of continuing on the mission's planned route, the captain decided to head south to meet diesel-powered submarines expected to be there. Worries about a potential crew mutiny prompted Zateyev to have all small arms thrown overboard except for five pistols distributed to his most trusted officers. A diesel submarine, , picked up \"K-19\"s low-power distress transmissions and joined up with it. American warships nearby had also heard the transmission and offered to help, but Zateyev, afraid of giving away Soviet military secrets to the West, refused and sailed to meet \"S-270\". He evacuated the crew and had the boat towed to its home base. After its return to port, the vessel contaminated a zone within . Over the next two years, repair crews removed and replaced the damaged reactors. The repair process contaminated the nearby environment and the repair crew. The Soviet Navy dumped the original radioactive compartment into the Kara Sea. According to the government's official explanation of the disaster, the repair crews discovered that the catastrophe had been caused by a faulty welding incident during initial construction. They discovered that during installation of the primary cooling system piping, a welder had failed to cover exposed pipe surfaces with asbestos drop cloths (required to protect piping systems from accidental exposure to welding sparks), due to the cramped working space. A drop from a welding electrode fell on an unprotected surface, producing an invisible crack. This crack was subject to prolonged and intensive pressure (over 200 atmospheres), compromising the pipe's integrity and finally causing it to fail. Others disputed this conclusion.", "OA1 \"Swords of the Daimyo\" was written by David \"Zeb\" Cook with Kelley Foote and published by TSR in 1986, and included a thirty two page gazetteer called \"Province Book of Miyama\" and a thirty two page \"Adventure Book\", with a large color map and an outer folder. The module featured cover and interior art by Jeff Easley. It was the first module made for use with \"Oriental Adventures\". The \"Province\" book describes the Eastern continent of Kara-Tur, the province of Miyama, and the island of Kozakura. The module includes a historical timeline for Kozakura, as well as new monsters. Ashley Shepherd reviewed \"Swords of the Daimyo\" for \"White Dwarf\" No. 80, and felt that the module provides more than enough material to run an \"Oriental Adventures\" campaign, and could easily be reworked for the \"Bushido\" role-playing game. Shepherd compared the sea voyage adventure to the novel \"Sh\u014dgun\", and suggested that dungeon masters (DMs) should borrow the crew mutiny system for sea adventures. He noted that several of the possible encounters in the adventure are too deadly for 6th level characters, and felt that the other two adventures were fine, although the link between them was nearly non-existent. Shepherd said the \"real strength\" of the module was the background material given in the \"Province Book of Miyama\", forming a comprehensive location a DM can use as \"a good starting point for any number of adventures\". Shepherd also liked the random encounters system. Although he felt that there were weak points, such as the maps not being up to standard, the small number of adventures, and the frustration caused by their slightly disjointed nature, Shepherd concluded that \"Swords of the Diamyo\" was \"a good module package\"."], "answer": {"text": "Rogers refused to let them plunder a neutral Swedish vessel.", "answer_start": 32}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Rogers prepare for his voyage?", "answer": {"text": "Rogers was approached by William Dampier, a navigator and friend of Rogers' father, who proposed a privateering expedition against the Spanish.", "answer_start": 695, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he approach rogers?", "answer": {"text": "This was a desperate move on the part of Captain Dampier to save his career.", "answer_start": 839, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what had happened to Dampier's career?", "answer": {"text": "Dampier had recently returned from leading a two-ship privateering expedition into the Pacific, which culminated in a series of mutinies before both ships finally sank due to Dampier's error", "answer_start": 916, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what error had he made?", "answer": {"text": "not having the hulls properly protected against worms before leaving port.", "answer_start": 1110, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "and did rogers agree to his proposal?", "answer": {"text": "Unaware of this, Rogers agreed.", "answer_start": 1185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do after agreeing?", "answer": {"text": "Commanding two frigates, Duke and Duchess, and captaining the first, Rogers spent three years circumnavigating the globe.", "answer_start": 1425, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was dampier with him on this trip?", "answer": {"text": "Dampier was aboard as Rogers' sailing master.", "answer_start": 1592, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they have any problems on this voyage?", "answer": {"text": "Rogers encountered various problems along the way.", "answer_start": 1638, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what problems did he encounter?", "answer": {"text": "Some of the crew mutinied after Rogers refused to let them plunder a neutral Swedish vessel.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_7ad33a767e2247c38b9f36a44389423a_1_q#10", "question": "what happened after that?", "rewrite": "what happened after Roger's crew mutiny?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["OA1 \"Swords of the Daimyo\" was written by David \"Zeb\" Cook with Kelley Foote and published by TSR in 1986, and included a thirty two page gazetteer called \"Province Book of Miyama\" and a thirty two page \"Adventure Book\", with a large color map and an outer folder. The module featured cover and interior art by Jeff Easley. It was the first module made for use with \"Oriental Adventures\". The \"Province\" book describes the Eastern continent of Kara-Tur, the province of Miyama, and the island of Kozakura. The module includes a historical timeline for Kozakura, as well as new monsters. Ashley Shepherd reviewed \"Swords of the Daimyo\" for \"White Dwarf\" No. 80, and felt that the module provides more than enough material to run an \"Oriental Adventures\" campaign, and could easily be reworked for the \"Bushido\" role-playing game. Shepherd compared the sea voyage adventure to the novel \"Sh\u014dgun\", and suggested that dungeon masters (DMs) should borrow the crew mutiny system for sea adventures. He noted that several of the possible encounters in the adventure are too deadly for 6th level characters, and felt that the other two adventures were fine, although the link between them was nearly non-existent. Shepherd said the \"real strength\" of the module was the background material given in the \"Province Book of Miyama\", forming a comprehensive location a DM can use as \"a good starting point for any number of adventures\". Shepherd also liked the random encounters system. Although he felt that there were weak points, such as the maps not being up to standard, the small number of adventures, and the frustration caused by their slightly disjointed nature, Shepherd concluded that \"Swords of the Diamyo\" was \"a good module package\".", "Worst Case Scenario (Star Trek: Voyager) \"Worst Case Scenario\" is the 67th series and 25th and penultimate episode of the of \"\". This episode focuses on events that take place on a spacecraft virtual reality system (a \"Star Trek\" holodeck in USS Voyager), involving a plot based on factions established earlier in the series. Various members of \"Voyager\"s crew discover a holodeck simulation called \"Insurrection Alpha\", in which the Maquis members of the ship's crew mutiny against the Starfleet officers. The program appears unfinished, and its author is unknown. As the program becomes popular, Tuvok admits he wrote the program himself, to train his security officers in the event of a possible Maquis rebellion; however, as the Maquis proved to integrate well with their crewmates, Tuvok abandoned the program, believing that it would only exacerbate tensions on board the ship. However, given how popular that Insurrection Alpha has already become amongst the crew, Tom Paris offers to help complete the remainder of the program with Tuvok's help, turning the program into a full-fledged holonovel. When Paris and Tuvok start to work on the program in the holodeck, they suddenly find themselves trapped in the virtual brig. They are addressed by the simulation's version of former crew member Seska, who admits that before she had escaped the ship, she had discovered Tuvok's program, and created this trap should he attempt to alter it. Seska's alterations not only affect the holodeck but other parts of \"Voyager\", threatening the well-being of the whole crew. While Tuvok and Paris attempt to survive the simulation, Captain Janeway and B'Elanna Torres attempt to effect changes in the simulation to help them.", "Les mutin\u00e9s de l'Elseneur Les mutin\u00e9s de l'Elseneur is a 1936 French action film directed by Pierre Chenal and starring Jean Murat, Winna Winifried and Andr\u00e9 Berley. A journalist takes command of a ship after the crew mutiny against the brutal captain. It was an adaptation of the novel \"The Mutiny of the Elsinore\" by Jack London. En toile de fond servi la barque allemand quatre-m\u00e2ts \"Padua\"; capitaine du voilier \u00e9tait \"Robert Clauss\", le quatre-m\u00e2ts-barque aujourd'hui comme un navire \u00e9cole Krusenstern sous le drapeau russe.", "The entire crew was irradiated as was most of the ship and some of the ballistic missiles on board. All seven members of the engineering crew and their divisional officer died of radiation exposure within the next month. Fifteen more sailors died within the next two years. Instead of continuing on the mission's planned route, the captain decided to head south to meet diesel-powered submarines expected to be there. Worries about a potential crew mutiny prompted Zateyev to have all small arms thrown overboard except for five pistols distributed to his most trusted officers. A diesel submarine, , picked up \"K-19\"s low-power distress transmissions and joined up with it. American warships nearby had also heard the transmission and offered to help, but Zateyev, afraid of giving away Soviet military secrets to the West, refused and sailed to meet \"S-270\". He evacuated the crew and had the boat towed to its home base. After its return to port, the vessel contaminated a zone within . Over the next two years, repair crews removed and replaced the damaged reactors. The repair process contaminated the nearby environment and the repair crew. The Soviet Navy dumped the original radioactive compartment into the Kara Sea. According to the government's official explanation of the disaster, the repair crews discovered that the catastrophe had been caused by a faulty welding incident during initial construction. They discovered that during installation of the primary cooling system piping, a welder had failed to cover exposed pipe surfaces with asbestos drop cloths (required to protect piping systems from accidental exposure to welding sparks), due to the cramped working space. A drop from a welding electrode fell on an unprotected surface, producing an invisible crack. This crack was subject to prolonged and intensive pressure (over 200 atmospheres), compromising the pipe's integrity and finally causing it to fail. Others disputed this conclusion.", "His ship's passengers also have various reasons for leaving Freetown: Dr. Webster (Nigel Stock) and his daughter Unity (Suzanna Leigh) for his indiscretions with patients; an alcoholic conman Harry Tyler (Tony Beckley); and Eva Peters (Hildegard Knef), who has stolen bearer bonds to pay for the ransom on her son in Caracas, with lawyer, Ricaldi (Ben Carruthers), after her to retrieve them. An accident nearly sets off the explosives and power is lost. Some of the crew mutiny and take to a lifeboat. Chief Engineer Nick (James Cossins) cannot fix the generator and Lansen, fearing the ship may explode, takes the remaining crew and passengers into a lifeboat. Dr Webster is devoured by a shark. The next morning the lifeboat finds itself adrift in carnivorous seaweed, which kills the cook. The lifeboat bumps into the \"Corita\" and they find the propellers fouled with the seaweed. During the night, Unity is attacked by a huge octopus, which kills Ricaldi when he attempts to rescue her. Sarah (Dana Gillespie) appears walking on the weed, using buoyancy balloons attached to her shoulders. She warns the captain of an impending attack. The crew and passengers defend the ship, with the surviving attackers returning to a Spanish galleon. Child leader \"El Supremo\" (Darryl Read), the descendant of the Spanish Conquistadores, along with members of the Spanish Inquisition had ordered the attack to steal supplies. The leader of the failed attack is fed to a sea monster in a pit. Sarah attempts to return to her island but is tracked down by the Spanish. While on a rock, the bartender is killed by a giant crab. Sarah, the ship's chief, and Tyler are then captured by the Spanish and taken to the galleon."], "answer": {"text": "When the mutiny was put down, he had the leader flogged, put in irons, and sent to England aboard another ship.", "answer_start": 93}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Rogers prepare for his voyage?", "answer": {"text": "Rogers was approached by William Dampier, a navigator and friend of Rogers' father, who proposed a privateering expedition against the Spanish.", "answer_start": 695, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he approach rogers?", "answer": {"text": "This was a desperate move on the part of Captain Dampier to save his career.", "answer_start": 839, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what had happened to Dampier's career?", "answer": {"text": "Dampier had recently returned from leading a two-ship privateering expedition into the Pacific, which culminated in a series of mutinies before both ships finally sank due to Dampier's error", "answer_start": 916, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what error had he made?", "answer": {"text": "not having the hulls properly protected against worms before leaving port.", "answer_start": 1110, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "and did rogers agree to his proposal?", "answer": {"text": "Unaware of this, Rogers agreed.", "answer_start": 1185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do after agreeing?", "answer": {"text": "Commanding two frigates, Duke and Duchess, and captaining the first, Rogers spent three years circumnavigating the globe.", "answer_start": 1425, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was dampier with him on this trip?", "answer": {"text": "Dampier was aboard as Rogers' sailing master.", "answer_start": 1592, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they have any problems on this voyage?", "answer": {"text": "Rogers encountered various problems along the way.", "answer_start": 1638, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what problems did he encounter?", "answer": {"text": "Some of the crew mutinied after Rogers refused to let them plunder a neutral Swedish vessel.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "why did they do that?", "answer": {"text": "Rogers refused to let them plunder a neutral Swedish vessel.", "answer_start": 32, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_25aefa033eb6467eaa1387cbee0e692b_1_q#0", "question": "What happened in 1992?", "rewrite": "What happened in 1992?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ingolstadt got two goals from Stefan Leitl, and a goal each from Moritz Hartmann and Robert Braber. Matchday eight happened on 15 September 2009 against Kickers Offenbach. Kickers Offenbach won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from David Ulm. Matchday 10 happened on 19 September 2009 against SpVgg Unterhaching. Werder Bremen II won the match 3\u20131. Werder Bremen II got two goals from Onur Ay\u0131k and a goal from Nicolas Feldhahn. \u00d6mer Kanca scored for Unterhaching. Felix Schiller was sent-off during the match. Matchday 11 happened on 26 September 2009 against Carl Zeiss Jena. The match finished in a 2\u20132 draw. Pascal Testroet scored two goals for Werder Bremen II. Orlando Smeekes and Salvatore Amirante scored for Carl Zeiss Jena. Matchday 12 happened on 3 October 2009 against Dynamo Dresden. Werder Bremen II won the match 2\u20130 with two goals from Torsten Oehrl. Matchday 13 happened on 17 October 2009 against 1. FC Heidenheim. Werder Bremen II won the match 2\u20131. Pascal Testroet scored two goals for Werder Bremen II. Dieter Jarosch scored for Heidenheim. Matchday 14 happened on 24 October 2009 against Wuppertaler SV. Wuppertal won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Andr\u00e9s Formento. Matchday 15 happened on 30 October 2009 against VfB Stuttgart II. Werder Bremen II won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Onur Ay\u0131k. Matchday 16 happened on 7 November 2009 against Wehen Wiesbaden.", "Matchday 22 happened on 10 March 2010 against Borussia Dortmund II. Werder Bremen II won the match 2\u20131. Tobias Kempe scored two goals for Werder Bremen II. Kempe's first goal was from the penalty spot. Uwe H\u00fcnemeier scored from the penalty spot for Burussia Dortmund II. Matchday 28 happened on 13 March 2010 against Ingolstadt. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. Matchday 21 happened on 16 March 2010 against Osnabr\u00fcck. Osnabr\u00fcck won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Alexander Dercho. Matchday 21 happened on 21 March 2010 against Unterhaching. Werder Bremen II won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Nicolas Feldhahn. Markus Schwabl was sent-off during the match. Matchday 24 happened on 24 March 2010 against Wacker Burghausen. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Lennart Thy scored for Werder Bremen II and Christian Holzer scored for Wacker Burghausen. Matchday 30 happened on 28 March 2010 against Carl Zeiss Jena. Carl Zeiss Jena won the match 2\u20131. Kevin Artmann scored for Werder Bremen II. Orlando Smeekes and Melvin Holwijn scored for Carl Zeiss Jena. M\u00e1rk\u00f3 Fut\u00e1cs was sent-off during the match. Matchday 31 happened on 31 March 2010 against Dynamo Dresden. Dynamo Dresden won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Robert Koch. Matchday 32 happened on 3 April 2010 against Heidenheim. The matchday finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Onur Ay\u0131k scored for Werder Bremen II and Andreas Spann scored for Heidenheim. Stefan Ronneburg was sent-off during the match. Matchday 25 happened on 7 April 2010 against Eintracht Braunschweig.", "2009\u201310 SV Werder Bremen II season The 2009\u201310 SV Werder Bremen II season started on 25 July 2009 against Rot-Wei\u00df Erfurt and finished on 8 May 2010 against Erzgebirge Aue. The opening match of the season happened on 25 July 2009 against Rot-Wei\u00df Erfurt. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. Matchday two happened on 28 July 2009 against VfL Osnabr\u00fcck. Osnabr\u00fcck won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from the penalty spot from Matthias Heidrich. Matchday three happened on 7 August 2009 against Borussia Dortmund II. Werder Bremen II won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Torsten Oehrl. Matchday four happened on 15 August 2009 against Holstein Kiel. Holstein Kiel won the match 4\u20130 with three goals from Michael Holt and a goal from Fiete Sykora. Matchday five happened on 22 August 2009 against Wacker Burghausen. Wacker Burghausen won the match 4\u20133. Onur Ay\u0131k, Torsten Oehrl, and Pascal Testroet scored for Werder Bremen II. Wacker Burghausen got two goals from Christian Cappek and a goal each from Bj\u00f6rn Hertl and Sven Kresin. Matchday six happened on 30 August 2010 against Eintracht Braunschweig. Werder Bremen II won the match 2\u20131. Pascal Testroet scored two goals for Werder Bremen II and Dennis Kruppke scored for Eintracht Braunschweig. Matchday seven happened on 2 September 2009 against Jahn Regensburg. Jahn Regensburg won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Anton Shynder. Matchday nine happened on 12 September 2009 against FC Ingolstadt 04. Ingolstadt won the match 4\u20131. Torsten Oehrl scored for Werder Bremen II.", "Rot-Wei\u00df Erfurt got a goal from Olivier Caillas and a goal from the penalty spot from Nils Pfingsten-Reddig. The 23rd match happened on 12 February 2011 against Hansa Rostock. Hansa Rostock won 2\u20130 with goals from Mohammed Lartey and Radovan Vujanovi\u0107. The 24th match happened on 16 February 2011 against Jahn Regensburg. Werder Bremen II won 2\u20130 with a goal from Pascal Testroet and a goal from the penalty spot from Felix Kroos. The 25th match happened on 19 February 2011 against Koblenz. Koblenz won 2\u20130 with goals from Andr\u00e9 Hahn and Manuel Hornig. The 26th match happened on 26 February 2011 against Stuttgart II. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Kevin Artmann scored for Werder Bremen II and Alexander Aschauer scored for Stuttgart II. Kevin Maek was sent-off during the match. The 27th match happened on 5 March 2011 against Unterhaching. Unterhaching won 2\u20130 with goals from Markus Schwabl and Abdenour Amachaibou. The 28th match happened on 11 March 2011 against Babelsberg. Werder Bremen II won 1\u20130 with a goal from Stefan Ronneburg. The 29th match happened on 19 March 2011 against Wacker Burghausen. Wacker Burghausen won 2\u20131. Kevin Schindler scored for Werder Bremen II. Darlington Omodiagbe and Christian Holzer scored for Wacker Burghausen. The 30th match happened on 1 April 2011 against Kickers Offenbach. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. The 31st match happened on 6 April 2011 against Eintracht Braunschweig. Werder Bremen II won 2\u20131. Predrag Stevanovi\u0107 scored two goals for Werder Bremen II.", "2009\u201310 Borussia Dortmund II season The 2009\u201310 Borussia Dortmund II season happened between 25 July 2009 and 8 May 2010. Borussia Dortmund II opened up the season against Wacker Burghausen on 25 July 2009. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 4\u20133. Borussia Dortmund II got two goals from Sebastian Tyrala and a goal from Sebastian Hille. Wacker Burghausen got three goals from Christian Holzer and a goal from Christian Cappek. Matchday two happened on 28 July 2009 against Eintracht Braunschweig. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. Matchday three happened on 7 August 2009 against Werder Bremen II. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Torsten Oehrl. Matchday four happened on 15 August 2009 against Kickers Offenbach. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. Matchday five happened on 21 August 2009 against FC Ingolstadt. Borussia Dortmund II won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Yasin. Matchday six happened on 28 August 2009 against SpVgg Unterhaching. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 2\u20131. Borussia Dortmund II got a goal from Sebastian Hille. Sebastian Mitterhuber and Robert Zillner scored for Unterhaching. Matchday seven happened on 2 September 2009 against Carl Zeiss Jena. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 2\u20131. J\u00f6rn Neumeister scored for Borussia Dortmund II. Assani Lukimya and Marco Riemer scored for Carl Zeiss Jena. Matchday eight happened on 6 September 2009 against Dynamo Dresden. Borussia Dortmund II won 1\u20130 with a goal from Marcus Piossek. Matchday nine happened on 12 September 2009 against 1. FC Heidenheim."], "answer": {"text": "In the summer of 1992, White filled in guitar duties at the last minute for Bay Area punk band Monsula, who were performing at Little Rock, AR club Vino's.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_25aefa033eb6467eaa1387cbee0e692b_1_q#1", "question": "What happened after that", "rewrite": "What happened after the performance with Monsula?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Monsula Monsula was an American punk rock band from the San Francisco Bay Area, California. The band was conceived in 1988 by Pete Zetterberg and Paul Lee in an art class at Benicia High School. With many member changes over the years, they performed regularly at Berkeley's Gilman Street Project and were known for their simple East Bay pop punk style of music. The band played hundreds of live shows throughout North America before disbanding five years later in 1993.", "In the summer of 1992, White filled in guitar duties at the last minute for Bay Area punk band Monsula, who were performing at Little Rock, AR club Vino's. After the performance, Jason toured as guitarist for the band and eventually relocated to the Bay Area after the breakup of Chino Horde in summer 1993. White joined the Big Cats in 1996, after the temporary departure of bassist Josh Bentley, and took over guitar duties in 2000 after the death of guitarist Shannon Yarbrough. The group is a side project of many musicians, playing live very rarely. Their newest record, On Tomorrow, was released in 2007. Because of Pinhead Gunpowder's infamy for sporadic get-togethers, White and Gunpowder bassist Bill Schneider began looking to form another band that would be a group the two could focus on. After recruiting Schneider's brother Greg Schneider to join and finally convincing Willie Samuels to play drums, The Influents were formed. White and Greg would become the focus of the band, splitting songwriting duties, as well as singing time. Bill Schneider left the band on good terms after the group's first album Check Please to focus on his drum shop and was soon replaced by Johnnie Wentz. The new line-up soon recorded a follow up, Some of the Young, and went on tour. In 2006, Jason recorded a cover of The Replacements \"Torture\" for the Replacements Cover compilation, \"We'll Inherit the Earth\". He's also featured in the May 2007 release, Towncraft, a documentary covering twenty years of the punk music scene in Little Rock, AR, White's home. That same year, White played with Green Day in the video for the cover of \"Working Class Hero.\"", "The Bread-Winner (play) The Bread-Winner (1930) is William Somerset Maugham's third-last play. It is a comedy in one continuous act, lasting about 2 hours, but with the curtain lowered twice to rest the audience. Charles Battle has been 'hammered' in the London Stock Exchange, to the point where he may be bankrupted. Maugham keeps his audience ignorant of the disaster facing Charles for much of the play, at which point we learn what the effect would be on his wife and teenage son and daughter. Charles' good friend Alfred Granger and his wife and son and daughter, all of whom are a similar age to their Battle counterparts, fill the scenes in the Battles\u2019 house at Golders Green in London. The play was in written in 1930 and first produced by Athole Stewart at the Vaudeville Theatre London on 30 September that year. Ronald Squire and Peggy Ashcroft played Charles and Judy Battle. The title format for the Vaudeville playbill, as reproduced in Who's Who in the Theatre, (Seventh edition, 1933) is \"The Breadwinner\". According to theatre archivist Robert Tanitch (\"Peggy Ashcroft\", Hutchinson, 1987, ), one of Peggy Ashcroft's lines, \"Don't you know that since the war the amateurs have entirely driven the professionals out of business? No girl can make a decent living now by prostitution,\" was quoted so much by 'the gentlemen of the Press' that it was cut after the first night, the management anticipating rightly that the Lord Chamberlain would be paying the theatre a visit. The play has survived the years and is one of a number of Maugham\u2019s works that has been resurrected. In April 2013, it was revived at the Orange Tree Theatre, Richmond, Surrey.", "At roughly the same time as \"Quatermass II\" was being transmitted by the BBC, Hammer Film Productions released their film adaptation of the first serial in British cinemas. Directed by Val Guest, it was retitled \"The Quatermass Xperiment\" to capitalise on the British \"X\" classification and starred American actor Brian Donlevy as part of a deal to help the film find US distribution. Kneale, who had little involvement with the film, was unimpressed with this casting. \"I may have picked Quatermass's surname out of a phone book, but his first name was carefully chosen: Bernard, after Bernard Lovell, the creator of Jodrell Bank. Pioneer, ultimate questing man. Donlevy played him as a mechanic, a creature with a completely closed mind.\" Val Guest has praised Donlevy's performance, saying that \"he gave it absolute reality.\" Despite Kneale's reservations about the casting, \"The Quatermass Xperiment\" was the highest-grossing film Hammer had made up to that point in their history, and has since been described by one academic as \"the key British science fiction film of the 1950s. \" Hammer were keen to make an immediate follow-up, and wanted to use Quatermass in their 1956 film \"X the Unknown\"; however, Kneale refused them the rights, and they created their own substitute character, Doctor Adam Royston. They did release an adaptation of \"Quatermass II\" in 1957, called \"Quatermass 2\" and this time with Kneale's involvement in the script. To the writer's displeasure, Donlevy returned as Quatermass.", "National Weather Service Boise, Idaho The National Weather Service Boise, Idaho is a weather forecast office responsible for weather forecasts, warnings and local statements as well as aviation weather forecasts and fire weather forecasts for 3 counties in Southeast Oregon and 14 counties in Southwest and South central Idaho. The U.S. Weather Bureau established an office in the Sonna Building on December 1, 1898. Since then, the U.S Weather Bureau office, now known as the National Weather Service forecast office gained forecast responsibility of Southern Idaho on June 22, 1970 which was expanded to the entire state of Idaho in 1973. After modernization in 1993, the forecast responsibility was changed to Southeast Oregon and Southwest Idaho. The current office in Boise maintains a WSR-88D (NEXRAD) radar system, 8 Automated airport weather station (ASOS) systems and Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS) that greatly improve forecasting in the region. Continuous weather observations have been maintained for the city of Boise since February 1, 1864 about 5 months after the U.S. Army established Fort Boise. The post surgeon for the U.S. Army took observations until July 1, 1877 when the U.S. Signal Service, established an office downtown. The Signal Office was discontinued on July 1, 1890. The first meteorological observations of high and low temperature and daily precipitation began at Fort Boise's Post Hospital on February 1, 1864 about 7 months after the fort was established by Major Pinkney Lugenbeel. Doctor Adam H. Cochrane, born in Paisley, Scotland, was the first post surgeon at the Fort and is believed to have taken the first weather observation. The observations were taken 3 times a day, 7 A.M., 2 P.M., and 7 P.M., at the post hospital built in 1863."], "answer": {"text": "After the performance, Jason toured as guitarist for the band and eventually relocated to the Bay Area after the breakup of Chino Horde in summer 1993.", "answer_start": 156}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1992?", "answer": {"text": "In the summer of 1992, White filled in guitar duties at the last minute for Bay Area punk band Monsula, who were performing at Little Rock, AR club Vino's.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_25aefa033eb6467eaa1387cbee0e692b_1_q#4", "question": "any other interesting facts?", "rewrite": "Besides touring for Monsula, was there anything else of interest in the article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Argyle Street (Halifax) Argyle Street is located in downtown Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is four city blocks and approximately 460 metres long. The street is a popular centre for live music, nightlife, theatre, and al fresco dining. Argyle Street was laid out in the town plan that was drawn up by British settlers upon their arrival in 1749. It was reportedly named after the Duke of Argyll of the so-called Broad Bottom ministry, but was misspelled. It formerly ran two blocks north of its present terminus, but this portion was covered by the Scotia Square urban renewal project in the 1960s, which saw several city blocks consolidated to facilitate the construction of an introverted shopping, office, and hotel complex. The culture of sidewalk caf\u00e9s in downtown Halifax originated in the 1990s on Argyle Street. During the 1995 G7 summit, a vacant lot opposite the Grand Parade was turned into a successful outdoor \"International Caf\u00e9\". This spurred enthusiasm for outdoor dining in downtown Halifax, and a pilot sidewalk caf\u00e9 was opened on Argyle Street the same year. The municipality developed a formal policy to facilitate sidewalk caf\u00e9s in May 1997, and more such caf\u00e9s were established, on a seasonal basis, on Argyle Street and elsewhere in the downtown area. Sidewalk caf\u00e9s contributed to increased pedestrian numbers in downtown Halifax, and are considered to have improved both the liveability and tourism appeal of the area. They are now encouraged by both the city's Regional Plan and Cultural Plan. An effort has been made in recent years to improve the streetscape of the southern half of Argyle Street. In March 2015, regional council approved a pilot project to widen the pedestrian right-of-way and paint the street a bright blue Argyle pattern. City planners and business owners hoped the efforts would improve walkability and attract more people to the area. The pilot project was implemented in July 2015.", "Monsula Monsula was an American punk rock band from the San Francisco Bay Area, California. The band was conceived in 1988 by Pete Zetterberg and Paul Lee in an art class at Benicia High School. With many member changes over the years, they performed regularly at Berkeley's Gilman Street Project and were known for their simple East Bay pop punk style of music. The band played hundreds of live shows throughout North America before disbanding five years later in 1993.", "The Rhineland Jews looked to historical precedents since Biblical times to justify their actions: the honourable suicide of Saul, the Maccabees revolt against Antiochus IV Epiphanes, the suicide pact at Masada, and the Bar Kochba revolt were seen as justifiable deaths in the face of a stronger enemy. Despite this, the suicidal and homicidal nature of the Rhineland Jews' actions largely separated the events of 1096 from previous incidents in Jewish history. While the events of Masada most closely parallel those of the Rhineland Massacres, it is important to note that the dramatic suicides of that event were often downplayed by Rabbinic scholars, even to the point of Masada's total omission from some Rabbinic histories. Consequently, the deaths of the Rhineland Jews still held a great deal of novelty and presented confusion for both contemporary and subsequent theologians and historians. The Biblical moment that was most commonly evoked by chroniclers of the Rhineland Massacres was the Binding of Isaac, to which several allusions appear throughout the major primary sources, the \"Mainz Anonymous\", the \"Soloman bar Simson Chronicle\", and the \"Eliezer bar Nathan Chronicle\" (though allusions to this moment persist beyond these sources, and even in to more modern interpretations). Although it was the most common Biblical reference, the details of the Binding of Isaac presented significant dissimilarities (alongside definite parallels) that put the actions of the Rhineland Jewry at odds with the Biblical narrative. While Isaac was spared from sacrifice by divine intervention, the Jews of the Rhineland committed their ritual suicide to its end. This influenced novel interpretations of the binding of Isaac. The \"Soloman bar Simson Chronicle\" interprets the sacrifice of the Rhineland Jews as a similar, though even greater expression of righteousness and piety than that of Abraham, a theme echoed throughout other chronicles of the events.", "Anything Else Anything Else is a 2003 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Woody Allen, produced by his sister Letty Aronson, and starring Jason Biggs, Christina Ricci, Allen, Stockard Channing, Danny DeVito, Jimmy Fallon, Erica Leerhsen and KaDee Strickland. The film was shown as the opening night selection at the 60th annual Venice International Film Festival. Jerry Falk (Biggs), an aspiring writer living in New York City, has a girlfriend, Brooke (Strickland). He falls in love with Amanda (Ricci) and has an affair with her. Brooke finds out of Jerry's infidelity and leaves him. Amanda leaves her own boyfriend for Jerry. Brooke finally figures it out and leaves Jerry. Jerry turns to ageing, struggling artist (Allen) who acts as his mentor, which includes trying to help sort out Jerry\u2019s romantic life. Dobel says that when he told a cab driver of all his anxieties and phobias in life, the cab driver told him, \"It's like anything else\". Dobel tries to convince Jerry that his manager is only holding him back and his relationship with Amanda is the most destructive force in his life. Amanda continuously cheats on Jerry. Amanda leaves and then comes back. Jerry's neuroses start to worsen. Eventually, Jerry leaves town as Dobel gets him a job writing for television in California. Amanda has an affair with the doctor who was treating her and runs off with him. He sees them together laughing as she once did with him as the cab is taking him towards the airport. Jerry talks to the cabbie of love and relationships. The cabbie simply replies, \"It's like anything else\". The film received mixed reviews from critics.", "If You Can Do Anything Else \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" is a song written by Billy Livsey and Don Schlitz, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait. It was released in February 2001 as the third and final single from his album \"George Strait\". The song reached number 5 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in July 2001. It also peaked at number 51 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song is about man who is giving his woman the option to leave him. He gives her many different options for all the things she can do. At the end he gives her the option to stay with him if she really can\u2019t find anything else to do. He says he will be alright if she leaves, but really it seems he wants her to stay. \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" debuted at number 60 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of March 3, 2001."], "answer": {"text": "White and Gunpowder bassist Bill Schneider began looking to form another band that would be a group the two could focus on.", "answer_start": 677}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1992?", "answer": {"text": "In the summer of 1992, White filled in guitar duties at the last minute for Bay Area punk band Monsula, who were performing at Little Rock, AR club Vino's.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after that", "answer": {"text": "After the performance, Jason toured as guitarist for the band and eventually relocated to the Bay Area after the breakup of Chino Horde in summer 1993.", "answer_start": 156, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the breakup of chino horde?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in 1994", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_25aefa033eb6467eaa1387cbee0e692b_1_q#5", "question": "Did they form another group", "rewrite": "Did Bill Schneider and Jason White form another group?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Green Day related projects Since 1991, some members of punk band Green Day have branched out past their \"main band\" and have started other projects with other musicians and have released full-length albums and several EPs. Notable related projects of Green Day include Billie Joe Armstrong's Pinhead Gunpowder (which also featured Green Day's other guitarist Jason White), The Frustrators in which Mike Dirnt plays bass, and The Network which many speculate has all three members of Green Day, although under stagenames. Since 1991, Billie Joe Armstrong has been a member of Pinhead Gunpowder, providing guitars and vocals along with Jason White. Musician and Zine writer Aaron Cometbus (drums, lyrics), Green Day road manager Bill Schneider (bass), round out the lineup. Primarily a \"studio only\" type of side-project, the band has done a scant few rare shows, the last one occurring on February 12, 2010, at 924 Gilman Street in Berkeley, California. . The band's latest release was 2008's \"West Side Highway EP\" on Recess Records. Mike Dirnt also plays bass for the band The Frustrators, who are signed to Billie Joe's Adeline Records. They have two releases on the label, the \"Bored in the USA EP\" and their first full-length album \"Achtung Jackass\". Dirnt has a Frustrators sticker on his bass that is very visible in Green Day's more recent videos, as does Billie Joe on his Fernandes Stratocaster Copy. Other members of the band are Jason Chandler (lead vocalist), Terry Linehan (guitar, vocals), and Art Tedeschi (drums).", "In the summer of 1992, White filled in guitar duties at the last minute for Bay Area punk band Monsula, who were performing at Little Rock, AR club Vino's. After the performance, Jason toured as guitarist for the band and eventually relocated to the Bay Area after the breakup of Chino Horde in summer 1993. White joined the Big Cats in 1996, after the temporary departure of bassist Josh Bentley, and took over guitar duties in 2000 after the death of guitarist Shannon Yarbrough. The group is a side project of many musicians, playing live very rarely. Their newest record, On Tomorrow, was released in 2007. Because of Pinhead Gunpowder's infamy for sporadic get-togethers, White and Gunpowder bassist Bill Schneider began looking to form another band that would be a group the two could focus on. After recruiting Schneider's brother Greg Schneider to join and finally convincing Willie Samuels to play drums, The Influents were formed. White and Greg would become the focus of the band, splitting songwriting duties, as well as singing time. Bill Schneider left the band on good terms after the group's first album Check Please to focus on his drum shop and was soon replaced by Johnnie Wentz. The new line-up soon recorded a follow up, Some of the Young, and went on tour. In 2006, Jason recorded a cover of The Replacements \"Torture\" for the Replacements Cover compilation, \"We'll Inherit the Earth\". He's also featured in the May 2007 release, Towncraft, a documentary covering twenty years of the punk music scene in Little Rock, AR, White's home. That same year, White played with Green Day in the video for the cover of \"Working Class Hero.\"", "Pinhead Gunpowder Pinhead Gunpowder is an American punk rock band that formed in East Bay, California, in 1990. The band currently consists of Aaron Cometbus (drums, lyrics), Bill Schneider (bass), Billie Joe Armstrong (guitar, vocals) and Jason White (guitar, vocals). The band's name comes from a brand of \"high octane\" green tea served at the Arcata co-op and discovered by Aaron Cometbus during one of his many dumpster diving adventures. Pinhead Gunpowder was founded in Arcata, California, in January 1991 by Aaron Cometbus and Jon Quittner. Cometbus wanted the name \"Pinhead Gunpowder\", while Quittner wanted to call it \"50 Foot Hesher\". Along with vocalist Doug \"Douggie Grime\" Rogers and bassist David \"Atlas\" Kimmel, the band played once at a party where Cometbus snapped his bass pedal in half in the middle of the set. Shortly after the show, Cometbus moved back to Berkeley, taking the name of the band and some of the songs with him. Quittner stayed in Arcata with the band and they changed their name to 50 Foot Hesher and acquired a new drummer. A few months later, Quittner left the band and the remaining members changed the name to \"Lank\". Back in Berkeley, Cometbus formed the second incarnation of Pinhead Gunpowder with Bill Schneider and Sarah Kirsch of The Skinflutes, and Billie Joe Armstrong of Green Day . In June 1991 they recorded their first EP, \"Tr\u00fcndle and Spring\". It wasn't until April of the following year that the band played their first live show at Punks With Presses in Oakland along with Rancid and The Gr'Ups. The band then released their second EP, \"Fahizah\".", "In the beginning, Armstrong and Dirnt both played guitar, with Raj Punjabi on drums and Sean Hughes on bass. Punjabi was later replaced on drums by John Kiffmeyer, also known as Al Sobrante. After a few performances, Hughes left the band in 1988; Dirnt then began playing bass and they became a three-piece band. They changed their name to Green Day in April 1989, choosing the name because of their fondness for marijuana. In 1989, Armstrong provided lead guitar and backing vocals on three songs for The Lookouts' final EP \"IV\". That same year, Green Day released their debut EP \"1,000 Hours\" through Lookout! Records. They recorded their debut studio album \"39/Smooth\" and the extended play \"Slappy\" in 1990, which were later combined with \"1,000 Hours\" into the compilation \"1,039/Smoothed Out Slappy Hours\" in 1991. Tr\u00e9 Cool became Green Day's drummer in late 1990 after Sobrante left in order to go to college. Cool made his debut on Green Day's second album, \"Kerplunk\" (1991). In 1991, Armstrong joined the band Pinhead Gunpowder, consisting of bassist Bill Schneider, drummer Aaron Cometbus, and fellow vocalist/guitarist Sarah Kirsch. Kirsch left the group in 1992, and was replaced by Jason White. The group has released several extended plays and albums from 1991 to the present, and performs live shows on an intermittent basis. In 1993, Armstrong played live several times with California punk band Rancid. Rancid's lead singer, Tim Armstrong, asked Billie Joe Armstrong to join his band, but he refused due to his progress with Green Day. However, Billie Joe Armstrong was credited as a co-writer on Rancid's 1993 song, Radio.", "The Influents The Influents were a punk rock band formed in 1999 by Jason White and Bill Schneider. Both were members of the seminal East Bay punk band Pinhead Gunpowder, which featured White on guitar and Schneider on bass, but due to the sporadic nature of Pinhead Gunpowder's recording and gigging (between May 1992 and April 2001, they played just fifteen shows White and Schneider decided to form a new band as a side-project on which to focus. Schneider's brother Greg joined as second guitarist, sharing songwriting and vocals with Jason, and drummer Willie Samuels completed the lineup. The Influents released their debut album, \"Check Please\", through Adeline Records in 2000. After the record was released, Bill Schneider left the band amicably to focus on his music shop, and Johnnie Wentz filled in on bass. This lineup released one more album, \"Some of the Young\", in 2003, before dissolving. Bill Schneider and Jason White are both involved in Grammy Award-winning punk band Green Day. Schneider was a guitar tech for frontman Billie Joe Armstrong, bass tech for Mike Dirnt and now works as their tour manager, while White was the touring guitarist for the band from 1999 to 2012 and was an official member of the band from 2012-2016. He also appeared in several Green Day music videos. Both of their albums are available for free download at the band's site."], "answer": {"text": "After recruiting Schneider's brother Greg Schneider to join and finally convincing Willie Samuels to play drums, The Influents were formed.", "answer_start": 801}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1992?", "answer": {"text": "In the summer of 1992, White filled in guitar duties at the last minute for Bay Area punk band Monsula, who were performing at Little Rock, AR club Vino's.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after that", "answer": {"text": "After the performance, Jason toured as guitarist for the band and eventually relocated to the Bay Area after the breakup of Chino Horde in summer 1993.", "answer_start": 156, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the breakup of chino horde?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in 1994", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any other interesting facts?", "answer": {"text": "White and Gunpowder bassist Bill Schneider began looking to form another band that would be a group the two could focus on.", "answer_start": 677, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_99e99af94f174336a504ed3ee113752b_0_q#0", "question": "Did Roy Acuff perform at the Grand Ole Opry?", "rewrite": "Did Roy Acuff perform at the Grand Ole Opry?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Shoji Tabuchi Shoji Tabuchi was born April 16, 1944 in Daish\u014dji, Ishikawa, Japan (now Kaga, Ishikawa, Japan). When Tabuchi turned 7, his mother encouraged him to learn how to play the violin under the Suzuki Method. Tabuchi always loved American country music and vowed that one day he would make it to America. In the mid-1960s, Tabuchi was a sophomore in college and had heard that Roy Acuff, of the Grand Ole Opry, was coming to Osaka, Japan. Tabuchi went to his concert and got to meet Acuff backstage. Acuff told Tabuchi that if he was ever in Nashville, to look him up. Acuff's music inspired Tabuchi to pursue country/bluegrass music. When Tabuchi was in college, he formed a band called \"The Bluegrass Ramblers\", which led them to win a national contest in Japan. He decided to travel to the United States with his violin and only $500. Tabuchi had lived in San Francisco, Kansas City, and Louisiana. Then he eventually moved to Nashville, to meet Acuff. Acuff was true to his word and arranged an appearance for the young Japanese fiddler on the Grand Ole Opry. Tabuchi later made numerous appearances on the Grand Ole Opry. Tabuchi arrived in Branson, Missouri around 1980, after performing successfully for a few years. He took a gamble and built one of Branson's most elaborate theaters, which was finished in 1990, and began his show, now going on 28 years. Besides country music, the \"Shoji Tabuchi Show\" also has incorporated polka, gospel, Cajun, Hawaiian, rap, rock, and patriotic music. Tabuchi has developed a loyal fan base through his Branson show.", "It was planned to be a joint venture with Dolly Parton and Herschend Family Entertainment (owners/operators of Dollywood in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee) and was expected to open in 2014, but Parton and Herschend backed out of the plans a few months later, citing Gaylord's decision to sell the rights to operate its hotel chain to Marriott International as a reason for exiting. As a result of the joint venture's collapse, the project was scrapped. As the company transitioned into a real estate investment trust in 2012, Gaylord Entertainment was renamed Ryman Hospitality Properties. The Opryland site was flooded in early May 2010, after two days of torrential downpours in the Nashville area caused the Cumberland River to overflow its banks. The flood itself did not destroy any buildings on Gaylord's property, but every building on site was severely damaged by the floodwater. Buildings that were demolished\u2014rather than repaired\u2014after the flood include the Roy Acuff Theater, Gaslight Theater, the Gaylord University building, the WSM administration buildings (former Minnie Pearl and Roy Acuff museums), and the former Opryland Hospitality Center. Gaylord Opryland, the Grand Ole Opry House, and the General Jackson were closed for several months and all reopened in late 2010. The Grand Ole Opry Museum has remained closed, though the building underwent remediation following the flood. The fate of its contents is unknown. Opry Mills became entangled in a legal battle over flood insurance payout (which, as of March 2015, is ongoing), stalling its flood repairs for several months, and fully reopened on March 29, 2012. , the Grand Ole Opry House, Roy Acuff's former home, and the building that once housed the Grand Ole Opry Museum are the only theme park-era structures remaining on the property.", "The Cumberland Landing building was relocated from the gates of the theme park to the riverbank upon demolition of the park. It was vacated following the flood and remains out of use, but is still standing. Opryland contained nine themed areas, most of which featured a motif centered on various types of American music. Opry Plaza served as the main entry and exit point for Opryland, and contained the park's three primary gates. The majority of Opry Plaza sat outside the gates, meaning it was accessible to guests with or without park tickets. It had an antebellum-inspired architectural theme, and featured music from Grand Ole Opry members playing on the speakers. Its centerpiece was the Grand Ole Opry House. Opry Plaza housed no thrill attractions, but was home to the park's ticket booths, as well as the Roy Acuff Theatre, Grand Ole Opry Museum, Opryland Hospitality Center, Southern Living Cumberland River Cottage, WSM-FM studio, and the Gaslight Theatre/TNN Studio. Opry Plaza connected to Hill Country, Doo Wah Diddy City, and the parking lot. During and after the park's demolition, portions of Opry Plaza remained undisturbed and open for business. Today, it continues to serve as the area surrounding the Grand Ole Opry House, though many of its remaining buildings were demolished following the 2010 Tennessee floods. Hill Country (renamed Opry Village in the park's final season) was themed around bluegrass and folk music and was designed to resemble the Appalachia region of the United States. It featured the Folk Music Theatre, which was sponsored by Martha White, and later C.F. Martin & Company. The main attraction of Hill Country was the Dulcimer Splash log ride (originally named Flume Zoom, and briefly called Nestea Plunge).", "Webb was the lead singer, despite being the youngest of three children. Webb's soprano voice became noticeable, and she went solo performing on her own in stints at the Grand Ole Opry. In 1954, she signed with RCA Records on a $200 a week contract, but this ended in 1956 after having no success. She signed with Roy Acuff Show as the group's female singer in 1957. One magazine article called her \"The Prettiest Smokey Mountain Boy\", and was honored to have received Billboard Magazine\u2019s prestigious 'Most Promising Female Artist' award as voted on by country & western disc jockeys. Webb auditioned for Hickory Records in 1959 after Roy Acuff urged them to sign her, and she found herself signing with them a month later but before the first recording session she fell off a horse and suffered a broken/fractured leg. This delayed the recording session for three months as she had a 2-month hospital stay and one month recuperation at home. She recorded for Hickory from 1959 until 1964, with three successful songs and five singles released. Her appearances with Acuff's show took her all over the world, to Europe and to the Caribbean etc. She was a happy singer, leading a very private life. She became a member of the Grand Ole Opry in April 1961, performing regularly on their radio show broadcast from several places, near to where she was at the time. Webb performed her biggest hit, \"Looking Glass\" at the Opry on July 30, 1964 when she announced that she was s leaving the Roy Acuff Show. To the disappointment of the public, Webb left the Roy Acuff Show in September 1964, and on the verge of retirement according to a local Nashville newspaper.", "Gaylord Entertainment initially had a minority stake in the new shopping center, but later divested it. When the arrangements for the future of the Opryland property were made public in 1997, Gaylord announced its intentions to construct a new entry plaza for the Grand Ole Opry House with shops and restaurants, as well as a public marina and entertainment complex at Cumberland Landing (the General Jackson's port). However, these plans were abandoned as Gaylord focused less on entertainment and more on its hospitality assets. The long low concrete levee wall which once separated the park's New Orleans, Riverside and State Fair areas from the Cumberland River is still a part of the mall grounds, and visitors who enter the mall property from the McGavock Pike entrance can still view remnants of the graded railroad embankment which once supported the tracks of the park's short-line railroad. The Southern Living Cumberland River Cottage became a training center for hotel employees (Gaylord University), and was moved intact to the former location of Chaos until being torn down in 2010. The large administration building that briefly sat outside the park gates became the offices of the General Jackson and Music City Queen riverboats, and was moved intact to a location near the Cumberland Landing docks. Much of the Opry Plaza area remained untouched and open for business. The Grand Ole Opry House, Roy Acuff Theater (later renamed BellSouth Acuff Theater), and the Grand Ole Opry Museum remained in constant use throughout and after demolition of the park. The buildings that once housed the Roy Acuff and Minnie Pearl museums eventually became the administrative offices of WSM radio. The Gaslight Theater became home to Gaylord Opryland's annual ICE! exhibit, and was utilized as a rental facility for television production, banquets, and other events. It was the only building left standing that once occupied the gated theme park."], "answer": {"text": "In 1938, the Crazy Tennesseans moved to Nashville to audition for the Grand Ole Opry.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_99e99af94f174336a504ed3ee113752b_0_q#1", "question": "Who are the Crazy Tennesseans?", "rewrite": "Who are the Crazy Tennesseans?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["With the music of Hawaii, played by Sol Ho\u02bbopi\u02bbi and other performers, gaining in popularity, Kirby bought his first resonator guitar, an early National model, and joined in the trend, playing in bars, cafes and beer gardens. He visited the Chicago World's Fair in 1933, playing in clubs and gaining a following. Some of the clubs he played in were owned by Al Capone. In a bid to find more steady work, Kirby moved to Knoxville, Tennessee in 1934. Taking the stage name Pete Kirby, he played resonator guitar with local bands, among them Roy Acuff's Crazy Tennesseans, later to become the Smoky Mountain Boys. Acuff joined the Grand Ole Opry in 1938, and Kirby joined the Opry with Acuff's band on New Year's Day 1939. It was with the Acuff band that Kirby became introduced as Bashful Brother Oswald, with Kirby posing as the brother of the band's banjoist, Rachel Veach (\"Queen of the Hills\"), so that it would appear to audiences that the unmarried Veach was being chaperoned by a family member. To fit his new persona, Kirby created the clownish Oswald character, wearing a floppy, wide-brimmed hat, tattered bib overalls, oversized work shoes and adopting a braying laugh. Featured on the nationwide broadcasts of the Opry, Oswald created a sensation playing his resonator guitar on such songs as \"Old Age Pension Check\". The instrument, developed in the late 1920s, was still relatively new. Oswald and the Acuff band were featured in a Hollywood film, \"Grand Ole Opry\" for Republic Pictures, which gave the instrument even greater exposure.", "Because of the shift to a service-based economy, exacerbated by the growth of internet sales, the sales tax has been eroded over many years. The second is that the poor pay a share of tax that is out of proportion to their income, in that most poor people consume the entire amount of their income and are hence taxed upon all of it, whereas most wealthier people invest some or much of their income, or spend it on non-taxable items like private school tuition and accounting services, and hence are not taxed on it by the state. Therefore, the argument goes, the poor are disproportionately taxed by the existing Tennessee system. A further point made is that due to the size and shape of Tennessee, and the location of its major population centers, half of the population of the state lives within 20 miles of at least one other state and that all of the population lives no more than 65 miles from at least one other state, and that all of the surrounding states have a lower overall sales tax rate than Tennessee, meaning that many Tennesseans tend to make many purchases, especially major ones, in surrounding states, with Tennessee receiving no revenue from such transactions whatever, in essence making Tennesseans major taxpayers in surrounding states. TFT also made the point that even many affluent Tennesseans could benefit from the fact that state income taxes are deductible from for purposes of computing liability for federal income tax, whereas sales taxes (), were not. The Congress changed this in October 2004. However, since those who the sales tax impacts the most are the least likely to itemize, this recent change has little effect. The counter-argument is made by groups such as Tennessee Tax Revolt,", "In 1938, the Crazy Tennesseans moved to Nashville to audition for the Grand Ole Opry. Although their first audition went poorly, the band's second audition impressed Opry founder George D. Hay and producer Harry Stone, and they offered the group a contract later that year. On Hay and Stone's suggestion, Acuff changed the group's name to the Smoky Mountain Boys, referring to the mountains near where he and his bandmates grew up. Shortly after the band joined the Opry, Clell Summey left the group and was replaced by the dobro player Beecher (Pete) Kirby--best known by his stage name Bashful Brother Oswald--whom Acuff had met in a Knoxville bakery earlier that year. Acuff's powerful lead vocals and Kirby's dobro playing and high-pitched backing vocals gave the band its distinctive sound. By 1939, Jess Easterday had switched to bass to replace Red Jones, and Acuff had added the guitarist Lonnie \"Pap\" Wilson and the banjoist Rachel Veach to fill out the band's lineup. Within a year, Roy Acuff and the Smoky Mountain Boys rivaled the long-time Opry banjoist Uncle Dave Macon as the troupe's most popular act. In spring 1940, Acuff and his band traveled to Hollywood, where they appeared with Hay and Macon in the motion picture Grand Ole Opry. Acuff appeared in several subsequent B-movies, including O, My Darling Clementine (1943), in which he played a singing sheriff; Night Train to Memphis (1946), the title of which comes from a song Acuff recorded in 1940; and Home in San Antone (1949), in which he starred with Lloyd Corrigan and William Frawley.", "Enrica Lexie case The \"Enrica Lexie\" case is an ongoing international controversy about a shooting that happened off the western coast of India. On 15 February 2012, two Indian fishermen were killed off the coast of Kerala, India, aboard the \"St. Antony\". India alleged that the two Italian marines aboard the Italian-flagged commercial oil tanker MV \"Enrica Lexie\" killed the fishermen. Shortly after the incident, the Indian Navy intercepted the MV \"Enrica Lexie\" and detained the two Italian marines. That has sparked a conflict of opinions over legal jurisdiction and functional immunity between the governments of India and Italy and has continued to cause diplomatic tension between the two nations. After having been detained in India with no formal charges for two and four years, respectively, the two marines were finally released and returned to Italy. Meanwhile, an independent United Nations court was charged to resolve the conflict of jurisdiction. That was following a European Parliament resolution of January 2015, stating that \"no charge has been brought by the Indian authorities\" and that \"Italian marines' detention without charge is a serious breach of their human rights\". While tangential, the incident drew attention to the practice of commercial shipping using armed guards.
Two months on the list
Kenneth Ray Lawson - U.S. prisoner arrested March 17, 1960, in Laredo, Texas January 25, 1960 #125
Two months on the list
Ted Jacob Rinehart - U.S. prisoner arrested March 6, 1960, in Granada Hills, California, after a citizen recognized him from a wanted flyer. Rinehart told Agents he learned of his addition to the \"Top Ten\" list while watching a local television show. March 18, 1960 #126
Two months on the list
Charles Clyatt Rogers - U.S. prisoner arrested May 11, 1960, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, while standing in a soup line at a Salvation Army center. He was recognized by a police officer who collected FBI wanted posters. March 30, 1960 #127
Seven months on the list
Joseph Corbett,", "Police Ten 7 Police Ten 7 is a New Zealand reality television show, devised, created and produced by Ross Jennings for Screentime with the assistance of the New Zealand Police for TVNZ 2. The show profiles wanted offenders and asks the public (viewers) to help the police in their search for them. In addition, the program follows the work of police officers in their patrols and other police activities. The show is hosted and narrated by Detective Sergeant Rob Lemoto, who replaced original host Detective Inspector (ret) Graham Bell in 2014. It also airs in Australia on Fox8 and in the UK on Pick Police Ten 7 takes its name from the New Zealand Police ten-code 10-7, which means \"Unit has arrived at job\". The crimes and wanted offenders section of the show usually features up to five crimes or persons wanted for various offences, including burglary, assault, and drug offences. One case is the episode's main case, and involves the host visiting the scene of the crime. A local detective takes the host and the audience through the events preceding, during, and following the offence. The alleged offender or offenders wanted are described, often with security camera footage or IdentiKit images. Other cases are described in smaller detail, and are either crimes with unknown offenders, or known offenders with warrants for their arrest. Viewers are instructed to come forward with any information by telephoning the Police Ten 7 hotline on 0800-10-7-INFO (0800-10-7-4636). Information provided through the Police Ten 7 hotline has resulted in over 450 arrests since the show began, and some recent episodes have resulted in some fast arrests - one show in July 2009 resulted in all five wanted faces being arrested within 48 hours.", "FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives by year, 1950 In 1950, the United States FBI, under Director J. Edgar Hoover, began to maintain a public list of the people it regarded as the Ten Most Wanted Fugitives. The concept of the list began in late 1949, when the FBI helped publish an article about the \"toughest guys\" the Bureau was after, who remained fugitives from justice. The Washington Daily News article was titled, \"FBI's Most Wanted Fugitives Named,\" and appeared on February 7, 1949. The positive publicity from the story resulted in the birth of the FBI's \"Ten Most Wanted Fugitives\" list on March 14, 1950. Starting in 1950, the top Ten fugitives were entered into a handwritten log book. The Fugitive Publicity employees of the FBI used the log book to record and track the \"Ten Most Wanted Fugitives\" by this method until 1991. The Ten Most Wanted Fugitives listed by the FBI in 1950 include (in FBI list appearance sequence order): By the end of the year, only three of the original Ten Fugitives still remained on the FBI list."], "answer": {"text": "On 27 February 2006, Yung released her tenth Cantonese studio album, Ten Most Wanted.", "answer_start": 334}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in 2004?", "answer": {"text": "2004, Yung released her the studio album Nin9 2 5ive and her first photo album The Real Joey, Glamour in London.", "answer_start": 3, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the album successful?", "answer": {"text": "The photo album was well received by the public and sold out shortly after its release.", "answer_start": 116, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the album have any hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was give love a break?", "answer": {"text": "Give Love a Break, was also a commercial success,", "answer_start": 230, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was bi-heart?", "answer": {"text": "Yung released her third compilation album, Love Joey 3, as well as a new Cantonese studio album, Bi-Heart.", "answer_start": 769, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was that album successful?", "answer": {"text": "Following the success of the concert, its CD/VCD/DVD was certified triple platinum, selling 120,000 copies,", "answer_start": 1190, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a742cf7039a94318a170934d49cb97ff_1_q#8", "question": "what about jump up?", "rewrite": "what about jump up?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": [", abbreviated JC, is the most common imprint used for \"tank\u014dbon\" editions of manga series serialized in \"Weekly Sh\u014dnen Jump\" and other \"Jump\" magazines. The Jump Comics line is published in English by Viz Media under the names Shonen Jump and Shonen Jump Advanced. Sh\u014dnen Jump Advanced was created for the distribution of manga series considered more mature due to content or themes. Series released under SJA include \"Eyeshield 21\", \"Ichigo 100%\", \"Pretty Face\", \"I\"s\", \"Hunter \u00d7 Hunter\", \"Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo\" and \"Death Note\". Jump Comics+ is the \"tankob\u014dn\" imprint for manga series originally released digitally-only on the \"Sh\u014dnen Jump+\" app and website. is an \"aiz\u014dban\" imprint formerly run by \"Weekly Sh\u014dnen Jump\". The \"seinen manga\" anthology \"Super Jump\" has taken hold of the line and publishes their manga under it. These manga volumes have expensive paper and new cover artwork. The Jump Comics Deluxe edition of \"Rurouni Kenshin\" has been released in English by Viz under the title \"Rurouni Kenshin VIZBIG Edition\". Jump Comics Digital is an additional imprint added to manga from any \"Jump\" magazine when it is published digitally. Jump Comics SQ. is the imprint for manga series originally run in the \"Jump Square\" magazine. was the imprint for manga originally serialized in the \"V Jump\" magazine, but they now use the Jump Comics imprint instead. is the imprint for series originally run in the \"seinen manga\" magazines \"Weekly Young Jump\", \"Business Jump\" and \"Ultra Jump\". , commonly referred to as J-Books, is a line of light novels and guidebooks run by \"Weekly Sh\u014dnen Jump\".", "She placed eighth in the triple jump at the NCAA indoor and outdoor meets. She made her breakthrough in the triple jump at the start of the following season. She claimed the 2012 Big 12 indoor title with a jump of then won the NCAA Indoor Championship with a clearance of . In the long jump, she also placed second at the Big 12 and eighth at the NCAA indoors. At the beginning of the 2012 outdoor season she had a long jump best of then took the Big 12 triple jump outdoor title, as well as second in the long jump. She had a big personal record improvement at the NCAA outdoors, where her mark of took her to third place (she managed sixth in the long jump). She had appeared to be set to win the triple jump but a jump of was later disallowed. In good form, she tried for the Olympic team at the 2012 United States Olympic Trials. She finished third in the triple jump, but did not have the qualifying standard to gain selection. She had her first international medal at the 2012 NACAC Under-23 Championships in Athletics, winning the triple jump gold medal. Her 2013 season began with a personal record jump of and at the Big 12 indoor meet she was runner-up in the long jump and retained her triple jump crown. The 2013 NCAA Indoor Championship saw her claim a horizontal jump double, as she took both the long and triple jump titles and set a personal record of . She repeated her previous Big 12 Outdoor placings (first in triple jump, second in long jump) then set a triple jump outdoor best of . She entered as one of the favourites at the NCAA Outdoor Championships but left as runner-up in both the long jump and triple jump. However, these performances helped the Kansas Jayhawks win their first ever NCAA women's title.", "Weekly Young Jump , launched in 1979, is a weekly Japanese magazine that publishes various seinen manga in each issue. It is published by Shueisha under the \"Jump\" line of magazines. The chapters of series that run in \"Weekly Young Jump\" are collected and published in tank\u014dbon volumes under the \"Young Jump Comics\" imprint every four months. Many of the featured series are known to contain heavy violence and a fair amount of sexual content. The magazine is headquartered in Tokyo. \"Weekly Young Jump\" has a special issue, called \"Young Jump Gold\" (serializing monthly), \"Aoharu\" (serializing irregularly), \"Young Jump Battle\" and \"Young Jump Love\". And \"Weekly Young Jump\" also has sister magazines called \"Ultra Jump\", \"Grand Jump\" (created after the fall of \"Super Jump\" and \"Business Jump\"), and \"Jump X\". \"Weekly Young Jump\" was launched in 1979 as \"Young Jump\" (stylized \"YOUNG JUMP\") and was designed to be a seinen (or more adult) alternative to their popular \"Weekly Sh\u014dnen Jump\" anthology that targets a younger male audience. The \"Young\" in \"Weekly Young Jump\" is a manga magazine clich\u00e9 that is the translation of \"seinen\" meaning \"young\" or \"youth.\" In 2008 \"Rozen Maiden\" from \"Monthly Comic Birz\" was set to restart in the \"Weekly Young Jump\" magazine. Also in 2008 an offshoot issue similar to \"Monthly Sh\u014dnen Jump\" was released called \"Monthly Young Jump\". There are currently twenty-six manga titles being regularly serialized in \"Weekly Young Jump\". Out of twenty-six series, two series are serializing monthly and one series is in hiatus. is a spin-off issue of \"Weekly Young Jump\", first published on July, 2017.", "Super Jump , was a biweekly manga anthology published by Shueisha under the \"Jump\" line of magazines. Released in Japan on December 20, 1986, the magazine provided serialized chapters of various seinen manga series. The manga series were published under the Jump Comics Deluxe imprint. The magazine started as a special issue of \"Weekly Sh\u014dnen Jump\" (WJ) on December 20, 1986. It later got split into its own independent bi-monthly manga anthology. It was primarily drama manga and was intended for young adult males in their early years of college. Super Jump manga artists were normally Sh\u014dnen artists from \"Weekly Jump\", or were supported by another sh\u014dnen magazine. Some \"Weekly Jump\" series moved with \"Super Jump's\" split, due to their higher age level (e.g. \"Cobra\"). Very rarely Weekly Jump handed a series over to Weekly Young Jump. If it was, the manga had a much more mature audience. Shueisha (publisher of Super Jump and other Jump anthologies) was worried that if too many series were moved, the younger fans would have been exposed to older, mature series (also an issue with other major Japanese publishing companies). Titles like \"Business Jump\", \"Ultra Jump\", etc. were restricted from having Weekly Jump series moved into their anthologies. On December 11, 1988 Super Jump made a special anthology; . The \"Oh\" in \"Oh Super Jump\" stands for \"Otaku\" (the name for an obsessive anime and manga fan). Some series from the offshoot have also been moved to the main magazine in 2007. Super Jump published its last issue in late 2011. Three ongoing series were moved to a new title, \"Grand Jump\". was an offshoot of the leading magazine, \"Super Jump\". \"", "In addition to the success of \"Weekly Sh\u014dnen Jump\", Shueisha created a Seinen version of the magazine in 1979, called \"Young Jump\" (now \"Weekly Young Jump\"). \" Bessatsu Sh\u014dnen Jump\", later got renamed \"Monthly Sh\u014dnen Jump\" and became a magazine of its own. The seasonal issues of \"Weekly Sh\u014dnen Jump\" are now called \"Akamaru Jump\". In 1985, Shueisha started the publication of two business related manga magazines; a salaryman \"Jump\" magazine called \"Business Jump\" and an office lady manga magazine called \"Office You\", also in 1988 started the publication of \"Super Jump\". Many other Seinen related \"Jump\" magazines, started as spin-off issues of the \"Weekly Young Jump\" magazine. In 1993, Shueisha announced and released the video game/manga magazine \"V Jump\" alongside the Jump light novel line \"Jump j-Books\". In 2003 Shogakukan's Viz Media released an English version of \"Weekly Sh\u014dnen Jump\" called \"Shonen Jump\". \" Monthly Sh\u014dnen Jump\" discontinued in 2007 and was replaced with the \"Jump SQ. \" magazine, four series from the magazine were moved. In addition to the \"Jump SQ. \" anthology, a spin-off issue was created, called \"Jump SQ.II (Second)\". \"Saiky\u014d Jump\" was started on December 3, 2010, with close ties to \"Weekly Sh\u014dnen Jump\" and \"V Jump\". When the chapters of a manga series originally serialized in a \"Jump\" magazine are collected and published into \"tank\u014dbon\" form, they are given different imprints depending on its original magazine or type of \"tank\u014dbon\"."], "answer": {"text": "On 21 July, she released a Mandarin album, Jump Up - 9492.", "answer_start": 671}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in 2004?", "answer": {"text": "2004, Yung released her the studio album Nin9 2 5ive and her first photo album The Real Joey, Glamour in London.", "answer_start": 3, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the album successful?", "answer": {"text": "The photo album was well received by the public and sold out shortly after its release.", "answer_start": 116, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the album have any hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was give love a break?", "answer": {"text": "Give Love a Break, was also a commercial success,", "answer_start": 230, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was bi-heart?", "answer": {"text": "Yung released her third compilation album, Love Joey 3, as well as a new Cantonese studio album, Bi-Heart.", "answer_start": 769, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was that album successful?", "answer": {"text": "Following the success of the concert, its CD/VCD/DVD was certified triple platinum, selling 120,000 copies,", "answer_start": 1190, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the ten most wanted?", "answer": {"text": "On 27 February 2006, Yung released her tenth Cantonese studio album, Ten Most Wanted.", "answer_start": 334, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "was this successful?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5584021b4d8541308fb1a14fab2f6642_1_q#0", "question": "When did Michael Savage work with msnbc?", "rewrite": "When did Michael Savage work with msnbc?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["I mean, I don't have that too often.\" This led many on the right to assert that both he and MSNBC were biased toward Obama. Phil Donahue's 2002 program \"Donahue\" was canceled in late February 2003 during the buildup to the Iraq War. Despite earlier statements tying the cancellation to low ratings, \"Donahue\" was MSNBC's highest rated show that month. A leaked NBC internal study revealed that the studio was concerned that Donahue would act as \"a home for the liberal antiwar agenda at the same time that our competitors are waving the flag at every opportunity\". During the spring and early summer of 2003, MSNBC featured a weekend talk show hosted by conservative radio host Michael Savage. In July of that year, Savage responded to a prank caller on his show by calling him a \"pig\" and a \"sodomite\", and telling him he \"should get AIDS and die\". Savage's show was canceled and Savage was fired from the channel shortly afterward (with some reports placing the termination immediately after the episode in question went off air). In early April 2007, Don Imus, whose radio show \"Imus in the Morning\" was simulcast on MSNBC, described members of the Rutgers University women's basketball team, as \"some nappy-headed hoes\". The comments sparked outrage, as many considered them to be racist and sexist. After sponsors began to withdraw advertisements from the show, MSNBC canceled the simulcast. Imus, as well as NBC News, apologized to the Rutgers Basketball team for the remarks. In June 2010, a documentary airing on MSNBC and hosted by Chris Matthews titled \"Rise of the New Right\" drew significant criticism from conservatives and the Tea Party movement. The documentary features interviews with Dick Armey, the former House Majority Leader,", "In 2002, liberal and anti-war activist Phil Donahue came back to MSNBC and hosted his own show, \"Donahue\". Donahue's ratings plummeted, from 660,000 households in his first week to just 136,000 households in his sixth week, a drop of 80%. MSNBC publicly proclaimed support for Donahue and moved some shows to try to stabilize his ratings, helping to increase his viewership to 446,000 households. Donahue himself claimed that MSNBC was trying to \"out-fox\" Fox by removing him and adding Joe Scarborough to the lineup. Donahue's time slot was replaced by \"Countdown with Keith Olbermann\". Conservative Michael Savage was hired by MSNBC president Erik Sorenson to host a one-hour show, \"The Savage Nation\", which debuted on March 8, 2003; Savage's hiring occurred despite his previous criticism of the network in his book, also titled \"The Savage Nation\", and the objections of NBC employees like anchor Tom Brokaw, who asked NBC executives, \" Is this the sort of man who embodies the values of NBC?\" Sorenson, at the time, called Savage \"brash, passionate and smart,\" and promised that he would provide \"compelling opinion and analysis with an edge.\" From the very beginning of his stint at MSNBC, the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) urged the show's sponsors to stop advertising on the show. Savage did not sue GLAAD, but Talk Radio Network Inc. (TRN), which syndicated his radio show, did sue the owners of three small non-commercial websites that had criticized Savage and endorsed the call for advertisers to withdraw their support for the show: savagestupidity.com, michaelsavagesucks.com, and takebackthemedia.com.", "The suit alleged that the defendants had caused Savage financial damage by interfering with his relationship with advertisers, had used material from \"The Michael Savage Show\" without permission, and had spread \"false and malicious\" information about Savage. Savage was eventually fired only a few months later, in the wake of telling a caller to his show, \"You should only get AIDS and die, you pig\". MSNBC hired former Republican congressman Joe Scarborough in 2003, and he became the host of the discussion program \"Scarborough Country\". The show average 300,000 viewers a night at the 9pm slot. It became one of the very few successful shows, that lasted for four years until its cancellation in 2007. In August 4, 2002, MSNBC debuted \"MSNBC Live\", NBC News' flagship daytime news platform, with John Elliott and Christy Musumeci anchoring from 8am to noon, and Natalie Morales from 3pm to 6pm ET. On weekdays it aired from 9am to noon with various anchors. The show's runtime and hosts, later, often vary depending on the year. It is also known to run long when breaking news warrants, sometimes into the night. MSNBC Live currently maintains a generic format, focusing on breaking news events notwithstanding, live political news and developments, as well as The Weather Channel forecasts and, in the afternoon, a \"CNBC Market Wrap\". After retiring as Governor of Minnesota, Jesse Ventura got his own show on MSNBC that aired on Saturdays. \"Jesse Ventura's America\" was canceled after a few months. \"Countdown\", originally titled \"Countdown: Iraq\" when it premiered on October 7, 2002, was hosted by Lester Holt. The program focused completely on the military and diplomatic actions which would become the Iraq War.", "The Savage Nation The Savage Nation (also called The Michael Savage Show) is an American radio show hosted by conservative commentator and conspiracy theorist Michael Savage. The program is heard by approximately 11 million listeners a week and making it the 7th most listened to radio show in the country. The show is based out of San Francisco, California and is syndicated through Westwood One. In 1994, Michael Savage (then publishing under his birth name \"Michael Weiner\") submitted for publication a manuscript called \"Immigrants and Epidemics\". The proposed book, which was about the influx of foreign diseases due to the wave of illegal immigrants, was promptly rejected for what Savage contends was its politically incorrect subject matter. This, along with the suggestions of friends and acquaintances, inspired Savage to record a radio demo about the very subject of his manuscript. He mailed the tape to 250 radio stations, and on March 21, 1994, \"The Savage Nation\" was born on KGO in San Francisco. Savage's radio career began modestly enough as a fill-in host for Ray Taliaferro. On January 2, 1995, Savage began hosting his own program, \"The Savage Nation\", on KGO sister station KSFO, which at the time changed its lineup to be completely conservative. At the time, his slogan was \"To the right of Rush and to the left of God.\" The show quickly became a local hit. During his time at KSFO, Savage soared to #1 in Arbitron ratings among both adult men and women over 18 during afternoon drive-time in San Francisco and became top talk host in his time slot in Northern California. In 1999, he came to the attention of the Talk Radio Network. On January 17, 2000, he started doing an additional two hours of radio which was broadcast nationally.", "Michael Savage calls himself an \"independent-minded individualist\" and says that he \"fits no stereotype.\" He has also cited Barry Goldwater as an influence. Savage criticizes big government as well as liberalism and liberal activism, and accuses the mainstream news media of liberal bias. He considers the three aspects that define a nation as borders, language, and culture; those aspects inspired the motto of the Paul Revere Society. In 2003, Savage said that he voted in 2000 for George W. Bush \"quite reluctantly, incidentally.\" In 2004, Savage and the Revere Society hosted a party at Schroeder's Cafe in San Francisco celebrating the re-election of Bush. Savage donated $5,600 to the campaign of Democratic candidate Jerry Brown in the 2006 California Attorney General election. Regarding candidates for the 2012 Republican primaries, Savage said that Ron Paul had \"great ideas\" but expressed hope that Rick Perry would be the nominee. On December 12, 2011, he offered Newt Gingrich \"1 million dollars\" to withdraw from the United States Presidential contest. He stated that only Mitt Romney had a chance to beat Barack Obama, a man he had previously described as a \"quasi-pseudo-crypto Marxist\" and a possible foreign usurper, in the 2012 election. Savage strongly supported Donald Trump, a regular guest on his talk show, since Trump's June 2015 announcement of his candidacy in the United States 2016 presidential election. Trump has claimed to be a listener and a fan of Savage's show, and an April 2016 Salon article described Savage as having been a major influence on Trump's campaign. Over Christmas of 2017, Michael Savage and his family met several times with President Trump. During a dinner, Savage strongly urged the President to support the cause of wildlife preservation."], "answer": {"text": "Savage was hired by MSNBC president Erik Sorenson to do a one-hour show beginning March 8, 2003,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5584021b4d8541308fb1a14fab2f6642_1_q#1", "question": "Did the show ever air on tv?", "rewrite": "Did the show Michael Savage was hired for ever air on tv?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Savage Nation The Savage Nation (also called The Michael Savage Show) is an American radio show hosted by conservative commentator and conspiracy theorist Michael Savage. The program is heard by approximately 11 million listeners a week and making it the 7th most listened to radio show in the country. The show is based out of San Francisco, California and is syndicated through Westwood One. In 1994, Michael Savage (then publishing under his birth name \"Michael Weiner\") submitted for publication a manuscript called \"Immigrants and Epidemics\". The proposed book, which was about the influx of foreign diseases due to the wave of illegal immigrants, was promptly rejected for what Savage contends was its politically incorrect subject matter. This, along with the suggestions of friends and acquaintances, inspired Savage to record a radio demo about the very subject of his manuscript. He mailed the tape to 250 radio stations, and on March 21, 1994, \"The Savage Nation\" was born on KGO in San Francisco. Savage's radio career began modestly enough as a fill-in host for Ray Taliaferro. On January 2, 1995, Savage began hosting his own program, \"The Savage Nation\", on KGO sister station KSFO, which at the time changed its lineup to be completely conservative. At the time, his slogan was \"To the right of Rush and to the left of God.\" The show quickly became a local hit. During his time at KSFO, Savage soared to #1 in Arbitron ratings among both adult men and women over 18 during afternoon drive-time in San Francisco and became top talk host in his time slot in Northern California. In 1999, he came to the attention of the Talk Radio Network. On January 17, 2000, he started doing an additional two hours of radio which was broadcast nationally.", "With XM launching a new channel for left-leaning talk shows, it looked as if Buzz XM would be a good choice to reformat, and so it was. The channel was renamed \"America Right\" in April 2004, and was retailored to include only conservative and Republican talk shows; though many of these shows were already on the lineup beforehand. Non-conservative hosts, such as Phil Hendrie and David Lawrence, were absorbed by Extreme XM. Some of the shows added to the America Right lineup included Rusty Humphries, Michael Savage and Michael Reagan. At the same time, the Air America Radio channel, was created for liberal talk programming, mostly from the Air America Radio network. In March 2005, America Right talker Michael Savage stated that satellite radio should be censored by the Federal Communications Commission. Savage claimed that his lawyers were working on getting him off of both satellite services because he didn't want to be associated with the type of talk presented by hosts who frequently use obscene language. His show, \"The Savage Nation\" left the XM and Sirius lineups the following week. In late 2005, after more lineup shuffling, Dr. Laura was added to America Right. Her presence on America Right was considered out of place by some listeners, as her show promotes conservative values, but is not political in nature. In May 2006, Clear Channel decided to return the channel back to XM Satellite Radio. Several changes were made to America Right's lineup, including the swapping and shuffling of shows with sister station Talk Radio, still programmed by Clear Channel. Glenn Beck exchanged slots with G. Gordon Liddy's program. Matt Drudge's weekend program was also added, and The Wall Street Journal's hours were extended. America Right also debuted a show in the 1-5 a.m. slot, Advice Line with Roy Masters.", "It hired a new program director and morning show host, Doc Washburn. He quickly added several popular talk shows to the lineup, dropping G. Gordon Liddy in favor of Mike Gallagher and adding Clark Howard and Sean Hannity (who replaced Dr. Laura) to the lineup. Michael Savage had already been put on WYOO when Washburn took over. Washburn was eventually able to talk station management into adding Neal Boortz to the lineup. In June 2002, NextMedia, decided to sell WYOO and its sister stations and offered them back to Styles Media. In April 2003, Styles Media management dumped the first two hours of the Clark Howard show for Bill O'Reilly. In December 2003, Washburn talked management into replacing Mike Gallagher with Glenn Beck. In September 2004 (with WYOO enjoying its best ratings in several years), morning show host Doc Washburn disappeared from the airwaves after spending 3\u00bd years developing an audience. Eventually, long-time DJ Rob Stark took over the morning show on WYOO. No public mention was ever made explaining the change. Stark lasted 7\u00bd months and was replaced by \"The Attack Machine\" from Gainesville, FL. Stark eventually wound up hosting the morning show of country station WAKT (Kat Kountry) across town. In December 2006, the Attack Machine moved their show to Birmingham at WYDE. The call sign has previously been used for an AM/FM simulcast called \"U100\" that existed from 1974 to 1976 in Minneapolis-St. Paul. Current notable on-air hosts include Clyde Lewis, Mark Levin, Rick and Bubba, Alex Jones, Sean Hannity, Michael Savage, and George Noory.", "Michael Savage calls himself an \"independent-minded individualist\" and says that he \"fits no stereotype.\" He has also cited Barry Goldwater as an influence. Savage criticizes big government as well as liberalism and liberal activism, and accuses the mainstream news media of liberal bias. He considers the three aspects that define a nation as borders, language, and culture; those aspects inspired the motto of the Paul Revere Society. In 2003, Savage said that he voted in 2000 for George W. Bush \"quite reluctantly, incidentally.\" In 2004, Savage and the Revere Society hosted a party at Schroeder's Cafe in San Francisco celebrating the re-election of Bush. Savage donated $5,600 to the campaign of Democratic candidate Jerry Brown in the 2006 California Attorney General election. Regarding candidates for the 2012 Republican primaries, Savage said that Ron Paul had \"great ideas\" but expressed hope that Rick Perry would be the nominee. On December 12, 2011, he offered Newt Gingrich \"1 million dollars\" to withdraw from the United States Presidential contest. He stated that only Mitt Romney had a chance to beat Barack Obama, a man he had previously described as a \"quasi-pseudo-crypto Marxist\" and a possible foreign usurper, in the 2012 election. Savage strongly supported Donald Trump, a regular guest on his talk show, since Trump's June 2015 announcement of his candidacy in the United States 2016 presidential election. Trump has claimed to be a listener and a fan of Savage's show, and an April 2016 Salon article described Savage as having been a major influence on Trump's campaign. Over Christmas of 2017, Michael Savage and his family met several times with President Trump. During a dinner, Savage strongly urged the President to support the cause of wildlife preservation.", "At the end of the 2009 baseball season, WGST gave up the rights to carry the Atlanta Braves. 750 WSB picked up the Braves' broadcasts the following season. On November 15, 2010, Atlanta radio personality Rob Johnson became the new morning host. On January 11, 2011, WGST said it would pick up \"The Savage Nation\", a syndicated show from San Francisco hosted by Michael Savage. That was one day after it was cut by WSB in a schedule change. Beginning in early 2012, Atlanta local Dave Merlino joined Rob Johnson's morning show, re-billed as \"The Rob and Dave Show\". The weekday lineup was \"The Rob & Dave Show\" at 6 a.m., Glenn Beck at 9 a.m., Rush Limbaugh at noon, a local version of \"The Rusty Humphries Show\" at 3 p.m., Mark Levin at 6 p.m., Michael Savage at 9 p.m., George Noory at midnight and \"The Wall Street Journal\" report at 5 a.m. On September 26, 2012, several Atlanta news outlets reported that WGST would be changing its format. Johnson, Merlino, and Humphries were terminated, Limbaugh's show switched to 750 WSB and Glenn Beck's show was picked up by AM 1160 WCFO. Coincidentally, Michael Savage suspended the broadcast of his show around the same time. On September 28, 2012, at 3 p.m., following Rush Limbaugh's program, WGST switched to a Spanish-language sports radio format, carrying the syndicated ESPN Deportes Radio Network. On April 23, 2013, less than eight months after switching to Spanish-language sports, WGST announced it would return to an English-language talk format beginning June 3, 2013."], "answer": {"text": "Savage was fired from his MSNBC television show", "answer_start": 513}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Michael Savage work with msnbc?", "answer": {"text": "Savage was hired by MSNBC president Erik Sorenson to do a one-hour show beginning March 8, 2003,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5584021b4d8541308fb1a14fab2f6642_1_q#2", "question": "Why did they fire savage?", "rewrite": "Why did MSNBC fire Michael Savage", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2002, liberal and anti-war activist Phil Donahue came back to MSNBC and hosted his own show, \"Donahue\". Donahue's ratings plummeted, from 660,000 households in his first week to just 136,000 households in his sixth week, a drop of 80%. MSNBC publicly proclaimed support for Donahue and moved some shows to try to stabilize his ratings, helping to increase his viewership to 446,000 households. Donahue himself claimed that MSNBC was trying to \"out-fox\" Fox by removing him and adding Joe Scarborough to the lineup. Donahue's time slot was replaced by \"Countdown with Keith Olbermann\". Conservative Michael Savage was hired by MSNBC president Erik Sorenson to host a one-hour show, \"The Savage Nation\", which debuted on March 8, 2003; Savage's hiring occurred despite his previous criticism of the network in his book, also titled \"The Savage Nation\", and the objections of NBC employees like anchor Tom Brokaw, who asked NBC executives, \" Is this the sort of man who embodies the values of NBC?\" Sorenson, at the time, called Savage \"brash, passionate and smart,\" and promised that he would provide \"compelling opinion and analysis with an edge.\" From the very beginning of his stint at MSNBC, the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) urged the show's sponsors to stop advertising on the show. Savage did not sue GLAAD, but Talk Radio Network Inc. (TRN), which syndicated his radio show, did sue the owners of three small non-commercial websites that had criticized Savage and endorsed the call for advertisers to withdraw their support for the show: savagestupidity.com, michaelsavagesucks.com, and takebackthemedia.com.", "I mean, I don't have that too often.\" This led many on the right to assert that both he and MSNBC were biased toward Obama. Phil Donahue's 2002 program \"Donahue\" was canceled in late February 2003 during the buildup to the Iraq War. Despite earlier statements tying the cancellation to low ratings, \"Donahue\" was MSNBC's highest rated show that month. A leaked NBC internal study revealed that the studio was concerned that Donahue would act as \"a home for the liberal antiwar agenda at the same time that our competitors are waving the flag at every opportunity\". During the spring and early summer of 2003, MSNBC featured a weekend talk show hosted by conservative radio host Michael Savage. In July of that year, Savage responded to a prank caller on his show by calling him a \"pig\" and a \"sodomite\", and telling him he \"should get AIDS and die\". Savage's show was canceled and Savage was fired from the channel shortly afterward (with some reports placing the termination immediately after the episode in question went off air). In early April 2007, Don Imus, whose radio show \"Imus in the Morning\" was simulcast on MSNBC, described members of the Rutgers University women's basketball team, as \"some nappy-headed hoes\". The comments sparked outrage, as many considered them to be racist and sexist. After sponsors began to withdraw advertisements from the show, MSNBC canceled the simulcast. Imus, as well as NBC News, apologized to the Rutgers Basketball team for the remarks. In June 2010, a documentary airing on MSNBC and hosted by Chris Matthews titled \"Rise of the New Right\" drew significant criticism from conservatives and the Tea Party movement. The documentary features interviews with Dick Armey, the former House Majority Leader,", "The Savage Nation The Savage Nation (also called The Michael Savage Show) is an American radio show hosted by conservative commentator and conspiracy theorist Michael Savage. The program is heard by approximately 11 million listeners a week and making it the 7th most listened to radio show in the country. The show is based out of San Francisco, California and is syndicated through Westwood One. In 1994, Michael Savage (then publishing under his birth name \"Michael Weiner\") submitted for publication a manuscript called \"Immigrants and Epidemics\". The proposed book, which was about the influx of foreign diseases due to the wave of illegal immigrants, was promptly rejected for what Savage contends was its politically incorrect subject matter. This, along with the suggestions of friends and acquaintances, inspired Savage to record a radio demo about the very subject of his manuscript. He mailed the tape to 250 radio stations, and on March 21, 1994, \"The Savage Nation\" was born on KGO in San Francisco. Savage's radio career began modestly enough as a fill-in host for Ray Taliaferro. On January 2, 1995, Savage began hosting his own program, \"The Savage Nation\", on KGO sister station KSFO, which at the time changed its lineup to be completely conservative. At the time, his slogan was \"To the right of Rush and to the left of God.\" The show quickly became a local hit. During his time at KSFO, Savage soared to #1 in Arbitron ratings among both adult men and women over 18 during afternoon drive-time in San Francisco and became top talk host in his time slot in Northern California. In 1999, he came to the attention of the Talk Radio Network. On January 17, 2000, he started doing an additional two hours of radio which was broadcast nationally.", "The suit alleged that the defendants had caused Savage financial damage by interfering with his relationship with advertisers, had used material from \"The Michael Savage Show\" without permission, and had spread \"false and malicious\" information about Savage. Savage was eventually fired only a few months later, in the wake of telling a caller to his show, \"You should only get AIDS and die, you pig\". MSNBC hired former Republican congressman Joe Scarborough in 2003, and he became the host of the discussion program \"Scarborough Country\". The show average 300,000 viewers a night at the 9pm slot. It became one of the very few successful shows, that lasted for four years until its cancellation in 2007. In August 4, 2002, MSNBC debuted \"MSNBC Live\", NBC News' flagship daytime news platform, with John Elliott and Christy Musumeci anchoring from 8am to noon, and Natalie Morales from 3pm to 6pm ET. On weekdays it aired from 9am to noon with various anchors. The show's runtime and hosts, later, often vary depending on the year. It is also known to run long when breaking news warrants, sometimes into the night. MSNBC Live currently maintains a generic format, focusing on breaking news events notwithstanding, live political news and developments, as well as The Weather Channel forecasts and, in the afternoon, a \"CNBC Market Wrap\". After retiring as Governor of Minnesota, Jesse Ventura got his own show on MSNBC that aired on Saturdays. \"Jesse Ventura's America\" was canceled after a few months. \"Countdown\", originally titled \"Countdown: Iraq\" when it premiered on October 7, 2002, was hosted by Lester Holt. The program focused completely on the military and diplomatic actions which would become the Iraq War.", "Michael Savage calls himself an \"independent-minded individualist\" and says that he \"fits no stereotype.\" He has also cited Barry Goldwater as an influence. Savage criticizes big government as well as liberalism and liberal activism, and accuses the mainstream news media of liberal bias. He considers the three aspects that define a nation as borders, language, and culture; those aspects inspired the motto of the Paul Revere Society. In 2003, Savage said that he voted in 2000 for George W. Bush \"quite reluctantly, incidentally.\" In 2004, Savage and the Revere Society hosted a party at Schroeder's Cafe in San Francisco celebrating the re-election of Bush. Savage donated $5,600 to the campaign of Democratic candidate Jerry Brown in the 2006 California Attorney General election. Regarding candidates for the 2012 Republican primaries, Savage said that Ron Paul had \"great ideas\" but expressed hope that Rick Perry would be the nominee. On December 12, 2011, he offered Newt Gingrich \"1 million dollars\" to withdraw from the United States Presidential contest. He stated that only Mitt Romney had a chance to beat Barack Obama, a man he had previously described as a \"quasi-pseudo-crypto Marxist\" and a possible foreign usurper, in the 2012 election. Savage strongly supported Donald Trump, a regular guest on his talk show, since Trump's June 2015 announcement of his candidacy in the United States 2016 presidential election. Trump has claimed to be a listener and a fan of Savage's show, and an April 2016 Salon article described Savage as having been a major influence on Trump's campaign. Over Christmas of 2017, Michael Savage and his family met several times with President Trump. During a dinner, Savage strongly urged the President to support the cause of wildlife preservation."], "answer": {"text": "remarks made in response to a caller, later identified as prank caller Bob Foster,", "answer_start": 567}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Michael Savage work with msnbc?", "answer": {"text": "Savage was hired by MSNBC president Erik Sorenson to do a one-hour show beginning March 8, 2003,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the show ever air on tv?", "answer": {"text": "Savage was fired from his MSNBC television show", "answer_start": 513, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5584021b4d8541308fb1a14fab2f6642_1_q#3", "question": "Are there other reasons he was fired?", "rewrite": "Other than remarks made in response to a caller, are there other reasons Michael Savage was fired?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Romney was holding on his knee his adopted grandchild, Kieran Romney, an African-American. Harris-Perry and her guests, including actress Pia Glenn and comedian Dean Obeidallah, joked about coming up with captions for the photo. Glenn sang out, \"One of these things is not like the others, one of these things just isn\u2019t the same. \" Obeidallah said, \"It sums up the diversity of the Republican Party and the [Republican National Committee], where they have the whole convention and they find the one black person.\" Afterwards, Harris-Perry gave an on-air apology as well as apologized in a series of tweets. During the spring and early summer of 2003, MSNBC featured a weekend talk show hosted by conservative radio host Michael Savage. In July of that year, Savage responded to a prank caller on his show by calling him a \"pig\" and a \"sodomite\", and telling him he \"should get AIDS and die. \" Savage's show was canceled and Savage was fired from the channel shortly afterward (with some reports placing the termination immediately after the episode in question ended). In early April 2007, Don Imus, whose radio show \"Imus in the Morning\" was simulcast on MSNBC for over ten years, described members of the Rutgers University women's basketball team as \"some nappy-headed hoes. \" The comments sparked outrage, as many considered them to be racist and sexist. After sponsors began to withdraw advertisements from the show, MSNBC canceled the simulcast. Imus, as well as NBC News, apologized to the Rutgers Basketball team for the remarks. The television simulcast of Imus' program later moved to RFD-TV until August 2009 and then to Fox Business Network until May 2015.", "I mean, I don't have that too often.\" This led many on the right to assert that both he and MSNBC were biased toward Obama. Phil Donahue's 2002 program \"Donahue\" was canceled in late February 2003 during the buildup to the Iraq War. Despite earlier statements tying the cancellation to low ratings, \"Donahue\" was MSNBC's highest rated show that month. A leaked NBC internal study revealed that the studio was concerned that Donahue would act as \"a home for the liberal antiwar agenda at the same time that our competitors are waving the flag at every opportunity\". During the spring and early summer of 2003, MSNBC featured a weekend talk show hosted by conservative radio host Michael Savage. In July of that year, Savage responded to a prank caller on his show by calling him a \"pig\" and a \"sodomite\", and telling him he \"should get AIDS and die\". Savage's show was canceled and Savage was fired from the channel shortly afterward (with some reports placing the termination immediately after the episode in question went off air). In early April 2007, Don Imus, whose radio show \"Imus in the Morning\" was simulcast on MSNBC, described members of the Rutgers University women's basketball team, as \"some nappy-headed hoes\". The comments sparked outrage, as many considered them to be racist and sexist. After sponsors began to withdraw advertisements from the show, MSNBC canceled the simulcast. Imus, as well as NBC News, apologized to the Rutgers Basketball team for the remarks. In June 2010, a documentary airing on MSNBC and hosted by Chris Matthews titled \"Rise of the New Right\" drew significant criticism from conservatives and the Tea Party movement. The documentary features interviews with Dick Armey, the former House Majority Leader,", "Savage was hired by MSNBC president Erik Sorenson to do a one-hour show beginning March 8, 2003, despite Savage's previous criticism of the network in his book The Savage Nation and the objections of NBC employees including news anchor Tom Brokaw, who asked NBC executives, \"Is this the sort of man who embodies the values of NBC?\" Sorenson, at the time, called Savage \"brash, passionate and smart,\" and promised that he would provide \"compelling opinion and analysis with an edge.\" Four months later, on July 7, Savage was fired from his MSNBC television show after remarks made in response to a caller, later identified as prank caller Bob Foster, who insulted Savage's teeth. Savage then asked if Foster was a \"sodomite\", to which the caller answered, \"Yes, I am.\" Savage then said to the caller, Oh, so you're one of those sodomites. You should only get AIDS and die, you pig; how's that? Why don't you see if you can sue me, you pig? You got nothing better to do than to put me down, you piece of garbage? You got nothing to do today? Go eat a sausage, and choke on it. Get trichinosis. Now do we have another nice caller here who's busy because he didn't have a nice night in the bathhouse who's angry at me today? Put another, put another sodomite on ... no more calls? ... I don't care about these bums; they mean nothing to me. They're all sausages. The day after being fired, Savage apologized on his radio program and on his website.", "The Savage Nation The Savage Nation (also called The Michael Savage Show) is an American radio show hosted by conservative commentator and conspiracy theorist Michael Savage. The program is heard by approximately 11 million listeners a week and making it the 7th most listened to radio show in the country. The show is based out of San Francisco, California and is syndicated through Westwood One. In 1994, Michael Savage (then publishing under his birth name \"Michael Weiner\") submitted for publication a manuscript called \"Immigrants and Epidemics\". The proposed book, which was about the influx of foreign diseases due to the wave of illegal immigrants, was promptly rejected for what Savage contends was its politically incorrect subject matter. This, along with the suggestions of friends and acquaintances, inspired Savage to record a radio demo about the very subject of his manuscript. He mailed the tape to 250 radio stations, and on March 21, 1994, \"The Savage Nation\" was born on KGO in San Francisco. Savage's radio career began modestly enough as a fill-in host for Ray Taliaferro. On January 2, 1995, Savage began hosting his own program, \"The Savage Nation\", on KGO sister station KSFO, which at the time changed its lineup to be completely conservative. At the time, his slogan was \"To the right of Rush and to the left of God.\" The show quickly became a local hit. During his time at KSFO, Savage soared to #1 in Arbitron ratings among both adult men and women over 18 during afternoon drive-time in San Francisco and became top talk host in his time slot in Northern California. In 1999, he came to the attention of the Talk Radio Network. On January 17, 2000, he started doing an additional two hours of radio which was broadcast nationally.", "Michael Savage calls himself an \"independent-minded individualist\" and says that he \"fits no stereotype.\" He has also cited Barry Goldwater as an influence. Savage criticizes big government as well as liberalism and liberal activism, and accuses the mainstream news media of liberal bias. He considers the three aspects that define a nation as borders, language, and culture; those aspects inspired the motto of the Paul Revere Society. In 2003, Savage said that he voted in 2000 for George W. Bush \"quite reluctantly, incidentally.\" In 2004, Savage and the Revere Society hosted a party at Schroeder's Cafe in San Francisco celebrating the re-election of Bush. Savage donated $5,600 to the campaign of Democratic candidate Jerry Brown in the 2006 California Attorney General election. Regarding candidates for the 2012 Republican primaries, Savage said that Ron Paul had \"great ideas\" but expressed hope that Rick Perry would be the nominee. On December 12, 2011, he offered Newt Gingrich \"1 million dollars\" to withdraw from the United States Presidential contest. He stated that only Mitt Romney had a chance to beat Barack Obama, a man he had previously described as a \"quasi-pseudo-crypto Marxist\" and a possible foreign usurper, in the 2012 election. Savage strongly supported Donald Trump, a regular guest on his talk show, since Trump's June 2015 announcement of his candidacy in the United States 2016 presidential election. Trump has claimed to be a listener and a fan of Savage's show, and an April 2016 Salon article described Savage as having been a major influence on Trump's campaign. Over Christmas of 2017, Michael Savage and his family met several times with President Trump. During a dinner, Savage strongly urged the President to support the cause of wildlife preservation."], "answer": {"text": "Savage then asked if Foster was a \"sodomite\", to which the caller answered, \"Yes, I am.", "answer_start": 679}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Michael Savage work with msnbc?", "answer": {"text": "Savage was hired by MSNBC president Erik Sorenson to do a one-hour show beginning March 8, 2003,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the show ever air on tv?", "answer": {"text": "Savage was fired from his MSNBC television show", "answer_start": 513, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they fire savage?", "answer": {"text": "remarks made in response to a caller, later identified as prank caller Bob Foster,", "answer_start": 567, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5584021b4d8541308fb1a14fab2f6642_1_q#4", "question": "Did he say other rude things to people?", "rewrite": "Besides asking Bob Foster if he was a \"sodomite\", did Michael Savage say other rude things to callers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Savage Nation The Savage Nation (also called The Michael Savage Show) is an American radio show hosted by conservative commentator and conspiracy theorist Michael Savage. The program is heard by approximately 11 million listeners a week and making it the 7th most listened to radio show in the country. The show is based out of San Francisco, California and is syndicated through Westwood One. In 1994, Michael Savage (then publishing under his birth name \"Michael Weiner\") submitted for publication a manuscript called \"Immigrants and Epidemics\". The proposed book, which was about the influx of foreign diseases due to the wave of illegal immigrants, was promptly rejected for what Savage contends was its politically incorrect subject matter. This, along with the suggestions of friends and acquaintances, inspired Savage to record a radio demo about the very subject of his manuscript. He mailed the tape to 250 radio stations, and on March 21, 1994, \"The Savage Nation\" was born on KGO in San Francisco. Savage's radio career began modestly enough as a fill-in host for Ray Taliaferro. On January 2, 1995, Savage began hosting his own program, \"The Savage Nation\", on KGO sister station KSFO, which at the time changed its lineup to be completely conservative. At the time, his slogan was \"To the right of Rush and to the left of God.\" The show quickly became a local hit. During his time at KSFO, Savage soared to #1 in Arbitron ratings among both adult men and women over 18 during afternoon drive-time in San Francisco and became top talk host in his time slot in Northern California. In 1999, he came to the attention of the Talk Radio Network. On January 17, 2000, he started doing an additional two hours of radio which was broadcast nationally.", "As an actor, he appeared with Olegar Fedoro in a new production of the Russian Futurist opera \"Victory Over the Sun\" presented by the New Factory of the Eccentric Actor at Pushkin House, London in December 2008. In 1992 McGillivray wrote the book \"Doing Rude Things\", which documented the British sex film genre from its nudist camp beginnings to its demise in the video-era. Pamela Green wrote the foreword. In it McGillivray admits to a fondness for \"the second rate and the downright worthless\". A television version of his original \"Doing Rude Things\" book was produced by the BBC in 1995, in which he was interviewed along with the likes of Donovan Winter, and Pamela Green. McGillivray has subsequently appeared in several similar documentaries. He also edited \"Scapegoat\" (1995), a one-shot anti-censorship magazine produced during the second \"video nasty\" furore of the early 1990s. A vastly expanded and updated 25th anniversary edition of this 'seminal history' of the British sex film was published in October 2017 by Wolfbait Books, an imprint of Korero Press. The new edition is twice as long as the original, with 150 additional film titles added. The launch took place at a central London venue close to the main locations of Michael Powell's notorious 1960 film \"Peeping Tom\". McGillivray has said that the new edition appeared to a \"lukewarm response\". His autobiography, \"Little Did You Know\", is due to be published in 2019. From 2004 he wrote and produced a series of short horror films, which were not particularly successful either on their own or when joined together as a portmanteau \"Worst Fears\", in which he also appeared as an actor. \"", "I mean, I don't have that too often.\" This led many on the right to assert that both he and MSNBC were biased toward Obama. Phil Donahue's 2002 program \"Donahue\" was canceled in late February 2003 during the buildup to the Iraq War. Despite earlier statements tying the cancellation to low ratings, \"Donahue\" was MSNBC's highest rated show that month. A leaked NBC internal study revealed that the studio was concerned that Donahue would act as \"a home for the liberal antiwar agenda at the same time that our competitors are waving the flag at every opportunity\". During the spring and early summer of 2003, MSNBC featured a weekend talk show hosted by conservative radio host Michael Savage. In July of that year, Savage responded to a prank caller on his show by calling him a \"pig\" and a \"sodomite\", and telling him he \"should get AIDS and die\". Savage's show was canceled and Savage was fired from the channel shortly afterward (with some reports placing the termination immediately after the episode in question went off air). In early April 2007, Don Imus, whose radio show \"Imus in the Morning\" was simulcast on MSNBC, described members of the Rutgers University women's basketball team, as \"some nappy-headed hoes\". The comments sparked outrage, as many considered them to be racist and sexist. After sponsors began to withdraw advertisements from the show, MSNBC canceled the simulcast. Imus, as well as NBC News, apologized to the Rutgers Basketball team for the remarks. In June 2010, a documentary airing on MSNBC and hosted by Chris Matthews titled \"Rise of the New Right\" drew significant criticism from conservatives and the Tea Party movement. The documentary features interviews with Dick Armey, the former House Majority Leader,", "Romney was holding on his knee his adopted grandchild, Kieran Romney, an African-American. Harris-Perry and her guests, including actress Pia Glenn and comedian Dean Obeidallah, joked about coming up with captions for the photo. Glenn sang out, \"One of these things is not like the others, one of these things just isn\u2019t the same. \" Obeidallah said, \"It sums up the diversity of the Republican Party and the [Republican National Committee], where they have the whole convention and they find the one black person.\" Afterwards, Harris-Perry gave an on-air apology as well as apologized in a series of tweets. During the spring and early summer of 2003, MSNBC featured a weekend talk show hosted by conservative radio host Michael Savage. In July of that year, Savage responded to a prank caller on his show by calling him a \"pig\" and a \"sodomite\", and telling him he \"should get AIDS and die. \" Savage's show was canceled and Savage was fired from the channel shortly afterward (with some reports placing the termination immediately after the episode in question ended). In early April 2007, Don Imus, whose radio show \"Imus in the Morning\" was simulcast on MSNBC for over ten years, described members of the Rutgers University women's basketball team as \"some nappy-headed hoes. \" The comments sparked outrage, as many considered them to be racist and sexist. After sponsors began to withdraw advertisements from the show, MSNBC canceled the simulcast. Imus, as well as NBC News, apologized to the Rutgers Basketball team for the remarks. The television simulcast of Imus' program later moved to RFD-TV until August 2009 and then to Fox Business Network until May 2015.", "Savage was hired by MSNBC president Erik Sorenson to do a one-hour show beginning March 8, 2003, despite Savage's previous criticism of the network in his book The Savage Nation and the objections of NBC employees including news anchor Tom Brokaw, who asked NBC executives, \"Is this the sort of man who embodies the values of NBC?\" Sorenson, at the time, called Savage \"brash, passionate and smart,\" and promised that he would provide \"compelling opinion and analysis with an edge.\" Four months later, on July 7, Savage was fired from his MSNBC television show after remarks made in response to a caller, later identified as prank caller Bob Foster, who insulted Savage's teeth. Savage then asked if Foster was a \"sodomite\", to which the caller answered, \"Yes, I am.\" Savage then said to the caller, Oh, so you're one of those sodomites. You should only get AIDS and die, you pig; how's that? Why don't you see if you can sue me, you pig? You got nothing better to do than to put me down, you piece of garbage? You got nothing to do today? Go eat a sausage, and choke on it. Get trichinosis. Now do we have another nice caller here who's busy because he didn't have a nice night in the bathhouse who's angry at me today? Put another, put another sodomite on ... no more calls? ... I don't care about these bums; they mean nothing to me. They're all sausages. The day after being fired, Savage apologized on his radio program and on his website."], "answer": {"text": "Oh, so you're one of those sodomites. You should only get AIDS and die, you pig; how's that? Why don't you see if you can sue me, you pig?", "answer_start": 800}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When did Michael Savage work with msnbc?", "answer": {"text": "Savage was hired by MSNBC president Erik Sorenson to do a one-hour show beginning March 8, 2003,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the show ever air on tv?", "answer": {"text": "Savage was fired from his MSNBC television show", "answer_start": 513, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they fire savage?", "answer": {"text": "remarks made in response to a caller, later identified as prank caller Bob Foster,", "answer_start": 567, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there other reasons he was fired?", "answer": {"text": "Savage then asked if Foster was a \"sodomite\", to which the caller answered, \"Yes, I am.", "answer_start": 679, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5e488cf584b04989a064ea67cf0eaabe_0_q#0", "question": "What was Andrew Cuomo's stance on Women's issues?", "rewrite": "What was Andrew Cuomo's stance on Women's issues?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2018 New York gubernatorial election The 2018 New York gubernatorial election occurred on November 6, 2018. Incumbent Democratic Governor Andrew Cuomo won re-election to a third term, defeating Republican Marc Molinaro and several minor party candidates. Cuomo received 59.6% of the vote. Cuomo defeated actress and activist Cynthia Nixon in the Democratic gubernatorial primary. Cuomo's running mate, Lieutenant Governor Kathy Hochul, outpolled New York City Councillor Jumaane Williams in the Democratic primary. Democratic candidates Cuomo and Hochul also ran on the ballot lines of the Independence Party and the Women's Equality Party; after Nixon and Williams withdrew from the race in October, Cuomo and Hochul received the nomination of the Working Families Party as well. Dutchess County Executive and former New York State Assemblymember Marc Molinaro was the Republican, Conservative, and Reform Party candidate. Molinaro's running mate was former Rye City Councilmember Julie Killian. Third-party gubernatorial candidates appearing on the general election ballot included Howie Hawkins, repeat candidate for the Green Party; former Syracuse Mayor Stephanie Miner, running on the newly-created Serve America Movement line; and Larry Sharpe of the Libertarian Party, who was the runner-up in the 2016 Libertarian primary contest for Vice President of the United States. Incumbent Democratic governor Andrew Cuomo decided to seek re-election in 2014 to a second term in office. Governor Cuomo defeated Zephyr Teachout in a primary election, 63% to 33%, and went on to defeat the Republican nominee, Westchester County Executive Rob Astorino, 54% to 40%, in the general election. New York gubernatorial elections operate on a split primary system: governor and lieutenant governor candidates in each party run in separate primary elections. In the general election, candidates are chosen as unified governor/lieutenant governor tickets.", "Cuomo's first book, \"Forest Hills Diary: The Crisis of Low-income Housing\", became an influential text in the fields of political science and housing policy, and it helped make his name with the public outside New York. In 1996, Cuomo wrote \"Reason to Believe\". He also wrote a narrative essay titled \"Achieving the American Dream\" about his parents' struggles in coming to America and how they prospered. Cuomo was the author of \"Why Lincoln Matters\", published in 2004, and he co-edited \"Lincoln on Democracy\", an anthology of Abraham Lincoln's speeches. Cuomo also wrote and delivered numerous speeches and remarks. At its 1983 commencement ceremonies, Barnard College awarded Cuomo its highest honor, the Barnard Medal of Distinction. In 1983, Yeshiva University awarded Cuomo an honorary Doctor of Laws degree. In 2017, Governor Andrew Cuomo signed legislation officially naming the Tappan Zee Bridge replacement, the \"Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge\". Cuomo was married for 60 years to Matilda (n\u00e9e Raffa), from 1954 until his death in 2015. She was a graduate of St. John's University's Teachers College. They had five children, Andrew, Maria, Margaret, Madeline, and Christopher. In 2017, Matilda was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. Cuomo's older son Andrew married Kerry Kennedy, a daughter of Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel Kennedy, on June 9, 1990. They have three daughters, twins Cara Ethel Cuomo and Mariah Matilda Cuomo, born on January 11, 1995; and Michaela Andrea Cuomo, born on August 26, 1997. Kennedy and Cuomo divorced in 2005. He served as Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under President Bill Clinton from 1997 to 2001.", "Margaret I. Cuomo Margaret I. Cuomo (born 1959) is an American radiologist, author, philanthropist, advocate, and blogger on health issues, especially those related to cancer prevention. She is the eldest daughter of former New York Governor Mario Cuomo and former New York First Lady Matilda Cuomo, and sister to current New York Governor Andrew Cuomo and journalist Chris Cuomo. She resides in New York. Cuomo was born in New York City to former New York Governor Mario Cuomo and former New York First Lady Matilda Cuomo. She grew up in Albany and Holliswood, Queens, New York, with her four siblings, Andrew, Maria, Madeline, and Chris. She graduated from St. John's University and received an M.D. degree from the SUNY Downstate Medical Center in Brooklyn, New York in 1981. Cuomo is a board certified radiologist who practiced at North Shore University Hospital in Manhasset, New York. She has specialized in body imaging, involving CT, Ultrasound, MRI, and interventional procedures, much of her practice was dedicated to the diagnosis of cancer and AIDS. Cuomo has been interviewed for and/or featured in magazines and newspapers, including Better Homes and Gardens, Education Update, Family Circle, Glamour, InStyle, Manhattan, Metro Newspapers, Networking, New York Daily News, O Magazine, Parade, People, Prevention, Redbook, Vogue and Women's Day, and on-line sites, including DoctorOz.com, Glamour.com, DailyBeast.com, and Prevention.com. Cuomo gave the commencement speech at Dowling College on May 18, 2013, where she was also awarded an honorary Doctor of Science degree. Cuomo's book, \"A World Without Cancer: The Making of a New World and the Real Promise of Prevention\", was published October 2012 by Rodale.", "In 2011, she was awarded the Commendation of the Order of the Star by the president and prime minister of Italy. Cuomo remained a baseball fan after his athletic career ended, reportedly limiting his television watching to baseball games and C-SPAN. He was an avid player of fantasy baseball, always with an Italian player on his team, regardless of how many Italian players were available or how well they were doing. In 1994, he was featured several times on the Ken Burns PBS series \"Baseball\", where he shared memories of his life in baseball before he entered politics. Cuomo was the first guest on the long-running CNN talk show \" Larry King Live\" that began in 1985 and ended in 2010. Neal Conan described Cuomo as both the most intelligent and wittiest politician he has ever interviewed. Cuomo was hospitalized for a heart condition, and received treatment in November 2014. He was described as being \"in good spirits\" at that time. Cuomo died on January 1, 2015, at his home in Manhattan, New York, of heart failure, only hours after his son Andrew was sworn into a second term as Governor of New York State. Andrew Cuomo said his father was unable to attend the ceremony because of his health but was present in spirit. \" He is in the heart and mind of every person who is here\", Andrew Cuomo told the crowd. \" He is here and his inspiration and his legacy and his experience is what has brought the state to this point. So let's give him a round of applause.\" Cuomo had a recent history of heart issues, which contributed to his death at the age of 82. His wake was held on January 5, 2015, and his funeral was held at Saint Ignatius Loyola Church in Manhattan on January 6. He is interred at St. John Cemetery, in Middle Village, Queens. Various elected officials praised Cuomo following his death.", "2014 New York gubernatorial election The 2014 New York gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 2014. Incumbent Democratic Governor Andrew Cuomo sought re-election to a second term in office, though incumbent Lieutenant Governor Robert Duffy did not seek re-election. Cuomo and his running mate, former U.S. Representative Kathy Hochul, won contested primaries, while Republican Rob Astorino, the Westchester County Executive, and his running mate (Chemung County Sheriff Christopher Moss) were unopposed for their party's nomination. Astorino and Moss were also cross-nominated by the Conservative Party and the Stop Common Core Party. On Election Day, Cuomo and Hochul defeated Astorino and Moss by a margin of 54.19%-40.25%. Democrat Andrew Cuomo, then serving as Attorney General of New York, was elected Governor in 2010. Cuomo defeated Republican businessman Carl Paladino by a nearly 2 to 1 margin, 63% to 33%. Cuomo succeeded retiring Democratic Governor David Paterson. Entering the 2014 campaign, Cuomo enjoyed high approval ratings and a large campaign war chest that totaled $33 million as of January 2014. \" The Cook Political Report\", \"Daily Kos Elections\", \"Governing\", RealClearPolitics, \"The Rothenberg Political Report\" and \"Sabato's Crystal Ball\" all rated the 2014 New York gubernatorial election as \"Safe Democratic\". Progressive minor parties saw an opportunity to make headway in the state due to Cuomo's relatively conservative stances on taxes and spending. A poll commissioned by businessman and progressive political activist Bill Samuels in March 2014 indicated that even an unknown left-wing third-party challenger on the Working Families Party line could garner between 6% and 13% of the vote without threatening Cuomo's chances of winning re-election."], "answer": {"text": "In 2013, Cuomo called for the passage of a Women's Equality Act.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5e488cf584b04989a064ea67cf0eaabe_0_q#1", "question": "What was the Women's Equality Act?", "rewrite": "What was the Women's Equality Act?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2013, Cuomo called for the passage of a Women's Equality Act. The Women's Equality Act included 10 component bills affecting issues such as domestic violence, human trafficking, and pregnancy discrimination. The tenth bill of the Women's Equality Act was the Reproductive Health Act, which would have \"enshrine[d] in state law existing federal protections for abortion rights,\" \"shift[ed] the state's abortion law from the criminal code to the health care laws,\" and \"[made] it clearer that licensed health care practitioners as well as physicians could perform abortions.\" During his 2013 State of the State address, Cuomo said, \"Enact a Reproductive Health Act because it is her body, it is her choice. Because it's her body, it's her choice. Because it's her body, it's her choice.\" The New York State Assembly passed the Women's Equality Act on June 20, 2013. The Republican leadership of the New York State Senate expressed support for the nine non-abortion-related planks of the Women's Equality Act, but objected to the Reproductive Health Act and expressed unwillingness to allow a vote on it. On the final day of the 2013 legislative session, following the Senate Republican Conference's continued refusal to vote on the full Women's Equality Act, Senator Jeff Klein, leader of the Independent Democratic Conference (IDC), offered the abortion plank of the Act as a hostile amendment to another bill. The amendment was defeated by a narrow margin of 32-31; all 30 Senate Republicans voted against the abortion amendment, as did Democratic Sens. Ruben Diaz and Simcha Felder.", "In the UK, disability discrimination became unlawful as a result of the Disability Discrimination Act 1995, and the Disability Discrimination Act 2005. These were later repealed, but the substantive law is replicated in the Equality Act 2010. Under the Equality Act 2010 there are several types of discrimination that are prohibited. These are direct discrimination (s.13(1) Equality Act 2010), indirect discrimination (s.6 and s.19 Equality Act 2010, harassment (s.26 Equality Act 2010), victimisation (s.27(2) Equality Act 2010), discrimination arising from disability (s.15(1) Equality Act 2010 and failure to make reasonable adjustments ( s.20 Equality Act 2010). The legal definition of disability used in the law is: \"A person (P) has a disability if P has a physical or mental impairment, and the impairment has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on his ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities\". (Section 6(1), Equality Act 2010) Some conditions (such as blindness, AIDS and cancer) are included; others (such as drug and alcohol addictions) are excluded. Before the 1800s, perspective of disability was often in a religious lens. Individuals with disability were seen as evil or possessed by the devil. Much like many minority groups, disabled Americans were often segregated and denied certain rights for a majority of American history. In the 1800s shift from a religious view to a more scientific view took place and caused more individuals with disabilities to be examined. Public stigma began to change after World War II when many Americans returned home with disabilities and physical handicaps. In the 1960s, following the civil rights movement in America, the world began the disabled rights movement. The movement was intended to give all individuals with disabilities equal rights and opportunities. Until the 1970s, ableism in the United States was often codified into law.", "The purposes of the Act allow political parties to select candidates based on gender in an effort to increase representation of women in British politics. The Act applies to elections to: The Act does not apply to selection of candidates for the Mayor of London elections. Only political parties registered under Part 2 of the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000 are covered by the Act. The Act was originally scheduled to run until the end of 2015. On 6 March 2008, Minister for Women Harriet Harman announced that the exemption would be extended until 2030 under the Equality Act 2010. The Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 and the Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation (Scotland) Act 2005 made it an offence to arrange FGM outside the country for British citizens or permanent residents, whether or not it is lawful in the country to which the girl is taken. The first prosecutions took place in 2015 against a doctor for performing FGM and another man for aiding and abetting; both were found not guilty. The Equality Act 2006 (c 3) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, a precursor to the Equality Act 2010, which combines all of the equality enactments within Great Britain and provides comparable protections across all equality strands. Those explicitly mentioned by the Equality Act 2006 include gender; disability; age; proposed, commenced or completed gender reassignment; race; religion or belief and sexual orientation. Among other things, it created a public duty to promote equality on the ground of gender (The Equality Act 2006, section 84, inserting section 76A of the Sex Discrimination Act 1975, now found in section 1 of the Equality Act 2010.) Since 2007, Harriet Harman has been Deputy Leader of the Labour Party, the UK's current opposition party. Traditionally, being Deputy Leader has ensured the cabinet role of Deputy Prime Minister.", "Equality Act (United States) The Equality Act is a bill passed by the United States House of Representatives on May 17, 2019 that would amend the Civil Rights Act to \"prohibit discrimination on the basis of the sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, or pregnancy, childbirth, or a related medical condition of an individual, as well as because of sex-based stereotypes. \" The United States Senate received the bill for consideration on May 20, 2019. As of 2019, twenty-one states and Washington, D.C. have comprehensive laws prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. However, most other states do not include any legal protections against LGBT discrimination. The Equality Act will approximate current state anti-discrimination laws on a national level, providing a blanket of protection against discrimination throughout the country. The Equality Act seeks to incorporate protections against LGBT discrimination into the federal Civil Rights law. It also seeks to expand existing protections for other minority groups by updating the definition of public accommodations. The Equality Act updates the definitions of three terms: The Equality Act expands the categories of \"public accommodations\" to include places or establishments that provide: The original Equality Act was developed by U.S. Representatives Bella Abzug (D-NY) and Ed Koch (D-NY) in 1974. The Equality Act of 1974 sought to amend the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to include prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sex, sexual orientation, and marital status in federally assisted programs, housing sales, rentals, financing, and brokerage services. The bill authorized civil actions by the Attorney General of the United States in cases of discrimination on account of sex, sexual orientation, or marital status in public facilities and public education. On June 27, 1974, the bill was referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary, but did not proceed to a vote in the full United States House of Representatives.", "Equality Act 2006 The Equality Act 2006 (c 3) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom covering the United Kingdom. The 2006 Act is a precursor to the Equality Act 2010, which combines all of the equality enactments within Great Britain and provide comparable protections across all equality strands. Those explicitly mentioned by the Equality Act 2006 include age; disability; gender; proposed, commenced or completed gender reassignment; race; religion or belief and sexual orientation. The changes it made were, With the exception of the provision relating to goods and services discrimination in Northern Ireland on the grounds of sexual orientation, the Act relates to equality law in Great Britain, as a separate legislative framework exists for Northern Ireland which also has a separate equality body, the Equality Commission for Northern Ireland (though by and large reflecting the general approach to equality legislation in Great Britain). The Equality Bill first appeared in the 2004/05 Session, but did not make it into law before Parliament was dissolved ahead of the 2005 general election. In its manifesto, the Labour Party promised to reintroduce the Bill, which it duly accomplished upon its reinstatement in Westminster. At this stage, only \u2018religion or belief\u2019 was included in the anti-discrimination clauses. The Labour Party specifically did not wish to ban discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation. After the bill was reintroduced, further lobbying by openly gay Peer the Lord Alli succeeded in forcing the government to add homophobic discrimination to the Bill. However, the lateness of this concession meant the extra provisions could not be included substantively in the primary legislation. Instead, legislators agreed to delegate the drafting of regulations to the Government. After a public consultation and a protracted debate within the Cabinet, these were eventually laid before Parliament as the Equality Act (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2007."], "answer": {"text": "The Women's Equality Act included 10 component bills affecting issues such as domestic violence, human trafficking, and pregnancy discrimination.", "answer_start": 65}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Andrew Cuomo's stance on Women's issues?", "answer": {"text": "In 2013, Cuomo called for the passage of a Women's Equality Act.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5e488cf584b04989a064ea67cf0eaabe_0_q#2", "question": "Did he enact any other acts for women's issues?", "rewrite": "Other than Women's Equality Act did Cuomo enact any other acts for women's issues?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2013, Cuomo called for the passage of a Women's Equality Act. The Women's Equality Act included 10 component bills affecting issues such as domestic violence, human trafficking, and pregnancy discrimination. The tenth bill of the Women's Equality Act was the Reproductive Health Act, which would have \"enshrine[d] in state law existing federal protections for abortion rights,\" \"shift[ed] the state's abortion law from the criminal code to the health care laws,\" and \"[made] it clearer that licensed health care practitioners as well as physicians could perform abortions.\" During his 2013 State of the State address, Cuomo said, \"Enact a Reproductive Health Act because it is her body, it is her choice. Because it's her body, it's her choice. Because it's her body, it's her choice.\" The New York State Assembly passed the Women's Equality Act on June 20, 2013. The Republican leadership of the New York State Senate expressed support for the nine non-abortion-related planks of the Women's Equality Act, but objected to the Reproductive Health Act and expressed unwillingness to allow a vote on it. On the final day of the 2013 legislative session, following the Senate Republican Conference's continued refusal to vote on the full Women's Equality Act, Senator Jeff Klein, leader of the Independent Democratic Conference (IDC), offered the abortion plank of the Act as a hostile amendment to another bill. The amendment was defeated by a narrow margin of 32-31; all 30 Senate Republicans voted against the abortion amendment, as did Democratic Sens. Ruben Diaz and Simcha Felder.", "Women's Equality Party (New York) The Women's Equality Party is a New York political party active only in that state. It was founded in 2014. Andrew Cuomo, the incumbent Governor of New York, created the party in July 2014 under New York's electoral fusion laws, which allow votes on any ballot line to count toward a ticket's overall vote count. The party's name came from the Women's Equality Act, a bill that Cuomo was attempting to push through the New York State Legislature but stalled after he and the bill's supporters demanded a clause codifying \"Roe v. Wade\" be included even as the Republican-led New York State Senate refused to include the clause (the Senate did pass the rest of the bill, but the rest of the legislature refused to consider the bill without the \"Roe\" clause). From its beginning, the party was met with controversy. Zephyr Teachout, who was challenging Cuomo in a primary election, accused Cuomo of blatant pandering, since Cuomo was not a woman. (Cuomo used Kathy Hochul, his female running mate, as the public face of the party.) The party attained over 50,000 votes for the Cuomo\u2013Hochul ticket in the 2014 gubernatorial elections, granting it automatic ballot access as a full political party under state law. Cuomo and Hochul submitted a set of rules that has twice been challenged: once by a pair of Republican clerks who noted that the rules were not approved by a majority of the WEP's statewide candidates (the judge threw the challenge out for lack of standing), and again by former State Senator Cecilia Tkaczyk, who submitted her own set of rules in an attempt to become chair of the party. In 2016, the party was led by acting chair Rachel Gold.", "In the UK, disability discrimination became unlawful as a result of the Disability Discrimination Act 1995, and the Disability Discrimination Act 2005. These were later repealed, but the substantive law is replicated in the Equality Act 2010. Under the Equality Act 2010 there are several types of discrimination that are prohibited. These are direct discrimination (s.13(1) Equality Act 2010), indirect discrimination (s.6 and s.19 Equality Act 2010, harassment (s.26 Equality Act 2010), victimisation (s.27(2) Equality Act 2010), discrimination arising from disability (s.15(1) Equality Act 2010 and failure to make reasonable adjustments ( s.20 Equality Act 2010). The legal definition of disability used in the law is: \"A person (P) has a disability if P has a physical or mental impairment, and the impairment has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on his ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities\". (Section 6(1), Equality Act 2010) Some conditions (such as blindness, AIDS and cancer) are included; others (such as drug and alcohol addictions) are excluded. Before the 1800s, perspective of disability was often in a religious lens. Individuals with disability were seen as evil or possessed by the devil. Much like many minority groups, disabled Americans were often segregated and denied certain rights for a majority of American history. In the 1800s shift from a religious view to a more scientific view took place and caused more individuals with disabilities to be examined. Public stigma began to change after World War II when many Americans returned home with disabilities and physical handicaps. In the 1960s, following the civil rights movement in America, the world began the disabled rights movement. The movement was intended to give all individuals with disabilities equal rights and opportunities. Until the 1970s, ableism in the United States was often codified into law.", "The purposes of the Act allow political parties to select candidates based on gender in an effort to increase representation of women in British politics. The Act applies to elections to: The Act does not apply to selection of candidates for the Mayor of London elections. Only political parties registered under Part 2 of the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000 are covered by the Act. The Act was originally scheduled to run until the end of 2015. On 6 March 2008, Minister for Women Harriet Harman announced that the exemption would be extended until 2030 under the Equality Act 2010. The Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 and the Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation (Scotland) Act 2005 made it an offence to arrange FGM outside the country for British citizens or permanent residents, whether or not it is lawful in the country to which the girl is taken. The first prosecutions took place in 2015 against a doctor for performing FGM and another man for aiding and abetting; both were found not guilty. The Equality Act 2006 (c 3) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, a precursor to the Equality Act 2010, which combines all of the equality enactments within Great Britain and provides comparable protections across all equality strands. Those explicitly mentioned by the Equality Act 2006 include gender; disability; age; proposed, commenced or completed gender reassignment; race; religion or belief and sexual orientation. Among other things, it created a public duty to promote equality on the ground of gender (The Equality Act 2006, section 84, inserting section 76A of the Sex Discrimination Act 1975, now found in section 1 of the Equality Act 2010.) Since 2007, Harriet Harman has been Deputy Leader of the Labour Party, the UK's current opposition party. Traditionally, being Deputy Leader has ensured the cabinet role of Deputy Prime Minister.", "Equality Act (United States) The Equality Act is a bill passed by the United States House of Representatives on May 17, 2019 that would amend the Civil Rights Act to \"prohibit discrimination on the basis of the sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, or pregnancy, childbirth, or a related medical condition of an individual, as well as because of sex-based stereotypes. \" The United States Senate received the bill for consideration on May 20, 2019. As of 2019, twenty-one states and Washington, D.C. have comprehensive laws prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. However, most other states do not include any legal protections against LGBT discrimination. The Equality Act will approximate current state anti-discrimination laws on a national level, providing a blanket of protection against discrimination throughout the country. The Equality Act seeks to incorporate protections against LGBT discrimination into the federal Civil Rights law. It also seeks to expand existing protections for other minority groups by updating the definition of public accommodations. The Equality Act updates the definitions of three terms: The Equality Act expands the categories of \"public accommodations\" to include places or establishments that provide: The original Equality Act was developed by U.S. Representatives Bella Abzug (D-NY) and Ed Koch (D-NY) in 1974. The Equality Act of 1974 sought to amend the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to include prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sex, sexual orientation, and marital status in federally assisted programs, housing sales, rentals, financing, and brokerage services. The bill authorized civil actions by the Attorney General of the United States in cases of discrimination on account of sex, sexual orientation, or marital status in public facilities and public education. On June 27, 1974, the bill was referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary, but did not proceed to a vote in the full United States House of Representatives."], "answer": {"text": "\"Enact a Reproductive Health Act because it is her body, it is her choice. Because it's her body, it's her choice.", "answer_start": 633}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Andrew Cuomo's stance on Women's issues?", "answer": {"text": "In 2013, Cuomo called for the passage of a Women's Equality Act.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the Women's Equality Act?", "answer": {"text": "The Women's Equality Act included 10 component bills affecting issues such as domestic violence, human trafficking, and pregnancy discrimination.", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5e488cf584b04989a064ea67cf0eaabe_0_q#3", "question": "What year did he enact the reproductive health act?", "rewrite": "What year did Cuomo enact the reproductive health act?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Reproductive Health Act The Reproductive Health Act is a New York statute enacted on January 22, 2019 that expanded abortion rights and eliminated several restrictions on abortion in the state. The law received national media attention. Prior to the passage of the Reproductive Health Act (RHA), New York law banned third-trimester abortions except when necessary to save the life of a pregnant woman. Before the RHA was passed, New York law required that abortions be performed only by licensed physicians. The Reproductive Health Act and similar bills were proposed in the New York State Legislature beginning in 2007, but such legislation was blocked by Senate Republicans for years. After Senate Democrats gained a majority in the State Senate in the 2018 elections, they vowed to make the passage of the Reproductive Health Act a priority. The Reproductive Health Act passed the New York State Senate by a vote of 38-24 on January 22, 2019, the 46th anniversary of the United States Supreme Court's \"Roe v. Wade\" ruling. The state Assembly passed the Reproductive Health Act, 92-47, on the same day; it was signed into law by Governor Andrew Cuomo that evening. Cuomo ordered One World Trade Center and other landmarks to be lit in pink to celebrate the bill's passage. The celebratory lighting of One World Trade Center was criticized by Vice President Mike Pence, by Timothy Cardinal Dolan, and by U.S. Senator Ben Sasse; it was decried by one \"New York Daily News\" columnist as an act of trolling and politicizing the memorial to the victims of the September 11 attacks to celebrate the passage of a divisive law. The RHA legalized abortion at any time \"when necessary to protect a woman's life or health\". or in the absence of fetal viability.", "Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 (Republic Act No. 10354), informally known as the Reproductive Health Law or RH Law, is a law in the Philippines, which guarantees universal access to methods on contraception, fertility control, sexual education, and maternal care. While there is general agreement about its provisions on maternal and child health, there is great debate on its mandate that the Philippine government and the private sector will fund and undertake widespread distribution of family planning devices such as condoms, birth control pills, and IUDs, as the government continues to disseminate information on their use through all health care centers. Passage of the legislation was controversial and highly divisive, with academics, religious institutions, and major political figures declaring their support or opposition while it was pending in the legislature. Heated debates and rallies both supporting and opposing the RH Bill took place nationwide. The Supreme Court delayed implementation of the law in March 2013 in response to challenges. On April 3,2014, the Court ruled that the law was \"not unconstitutional\" but struck down eight provisions partially or in full. The Senate Policy Brief titled \"Promoting Reproductive Health\", the history of reproductive health in the Philippines dates back to 1967 when leaders of 12 countries including the Philippines' Ferdinand Marcos signed the Declaration on Population. The Philippines agreed that the population problem should be considered as the principal element for long-term economic development. Thus, the Population Commission was created to push for a lower family size norm and provide information and services to lower fertility rates. Starting 1967, the USAID began shouldering 80% of the total family planning commodities (contraceptives) of the country, which amounted to $3 million annually.", "In 2003 USAID started its phase out of a 33-year-old program by which free contraceptives were given to the country. Aid recipients such as the Philippines faced the challenge to fund its own contraception program. In 2004 the Department of Health introduced the Philippines Contraceptive Self-Reliance Strategy, arranging for the replacement of these donations with domestically provided contraceptives. In August 2010, the government announced a collaborative work with the USAID in implementing a comprehensive marketing and communications strategy in favor of family planning called \"May Plano Sila\". The basic content of the Consolidated Reproductive Health Bill is divided into the following sections. SEC. 1. The responsible parenthood and reproductive health act of 2012 SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy SEC. 3. Guiding Principles SEC. 4. Definition of Terms SEC. 5. Midwives for Skilled Attendance SEC. 6. Emergency Obstetric Care SEC. 7. Access to Family Planning SEC. 8. Maternal and Newborn Health Care in Crisis Situations SEC. 9. Maternal Death Review SEC. 10. Role of the Food and Drug Administration SEC. 11. Procurement and Distribution of Family Planning Supplies SEC. 12. Integration of Family Planning and Responsible Parenthood Component in Anti-Poverty Programs SEC. 13. Roles of Local Government in Family Planning Programs SEC. 14. Benefits for Serious and Life-Threatening Reproductive Health Conditions SEC. 15. Mobile Health Care Service SEC. 16. Mandatory Age-Appropriate Reproductive Health and Sexuality Education SEC. 17. Additional duty ofthe local population officer . SEC. 18. Certificate of Compliance SEC. 19. Capability Building of Barangay Health Workers SEC. 20. Pro Bono Services for Indigent Women SEC. 21. Sexual and Reproductive health SEC. 22. Right to Reproductive Health Care Information SEC. 23. Implementing Mechanisms SEC. 24. Reporting Requirements SEC. 25. Congressional Committee SEC. 26. Prohibited Acts SEC. 27. Penalties SEC.", "In 2013, Cuomo called for the passage of a Women's Equality Act. The Women's Equality Act included 10 component bills affecting issues such as domestic violence, human trafficking, and pregnancy discrimination. The tenth bill of the Women's Equality Act was the Reproductive Health Act, which would have \"enshrine[d] in state law existing federal protections for abortion rights,\" \"shift[ed] the state's abortion law from the criminal code to the health care laws,\" and \"[made] it clearer that licensed health care practitioners as well as physicians could perform abortions.\" During his 2013 State of the State address, Cuomo said, \"Enact a Reproductive Health Act because it is her body, it is her choice. Because it's her body, it's her choice. Because it's her body, it's her choice.\" The New York State Assembly passed the Women's Equality Act on June 20, 2013. The Republican leadership of the New York State Senate expressed support for the nine non-abortion-related planks of the Women's Equality Act, but objected to the Reproductive Health Act and expressed unwillingness to allow a vote on it. On the final day of the 2013 legislative session, following the Senate Republican Conference's continued refusal to vote on the full Women's Equality Act, Senator Jeff Klein, leader of the Independent Democratic Conference (IDC), offered the abortion plank of the Act as a hostile amendment to another bill. The amendment was defeated by a narrow margin of 32-31; all 30 Senate Republicans voted against the abortion amendment, as did Democratic Sens. Ruben Diaz and Simcha Felder.", "Reproductive health Within the framework of the World Health Organization's (WHO) definition of health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, reproductive health, or sexual health/hygiene, addresses the reproductive processes, functions and system at all stages of life. UN agencies claim sexual and reproductive health includes physical, as well as psychological well-being vis- a-vis sexuality. Reproductive health implies that people are able to have a responsible, satisfying and safer sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so. One interpretation of this implies that men and women ought to be informed of and to have access to safe, effective, affordable and acceptable methods of birth control; also access to appropriate health care services of sexual, reproductive medicine and implementation of health education programs to stress the importance of women to go safely through pregnancy and childbirth could provide couples with the best chance of having a healthy infant. Individuals do face inequalities in reproductive health services. Inequalities vary based on socioeconomic status, education level, age, ethnicity, religion, and resources available in their environment. It is possible for example, that low income individuals lack the resources for appropriate health services and the knowledge to know what is appropriate for maintaining reproductive health. The WHO assessed in 2008 that \"Reproductive and sexual ill-health accounts for 20% of the global burden of ill-health for women, and 14% for men. \" Reproductive health is a part of sexual and reproductive health and rights. According to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), unmet needs for sexual and reproductive health deprive women of the right to make \"crucial choices about their own bodies and futures\", affecting family welfare."], "answer": {"text": "The New York State Assembly passed the Women's Equality Act on June 20, 2013.", "answer_start": 789}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Andrew Cuomo's stance on Women's issues?", "answer": {"text": "In 2013, Cuomo called for the passage of a Women's Equality Act.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the Women's Equality Act?", "answer": {"text": "The Women's Equality Act included 10 component bills affecting issues such as domestic violence, human trafficking, and pregnancy discrimination.", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he enact any other acts for women's issues?", "answer": {"text": "\"Enact a Reproductive Health Act because it is her body, it is her choice. Because it's her body, it's her choice.", "answer_start": 633, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bf5f12e3c7f9449395465e8a85143afa_0_q#0", "question": "Were there novels written about Abenaki?", "rewrite": "Were there novels written about Abenaki?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Abenaki felt threatened by English encroachment on their lands, and the settlers feared a return to significant French-inspired raiding of their settlements. Bellomont issued proclamations to distribute among the Abenaki denying plans to take their lands, but was unable to ease the underlying tensions. One reason for this was his naive assumption that Abenaki concerns were rooted in a French Catholic conspiracy. When English negotiators attempted to separate the Abenaki from their Jesuit missionaries, this upset ongoing trade negotiations, and did nothing to assuage Puritan New England concerns over the activities of \"Popish Emissaries\" intriguing to make war on them. The colonial legislature passed a law banning Roman Catholics from territory claimed by the province, which included Abenaki territory claimed by Governor Sir William Phips in 1693. Bellomont engaged in fruitless attempts to convince the eastern Abenaki to migrate west, where they would come under Iroquois influence; this was unsuccessful, in part because the Abenaki and Iroquois had a history of conflict. Despite these difficulties, he managed to achieve a precarious peace with the Abenaki in January 1699. Abenaki relations were also complicated by misunderstandings about sovereignty. The Abenaki viewed themselves as sovereign, while the English believed them to be subjects, either to themselves or to the French. A prisoner exchange involving English held by the Abenaki and Indians held by the English was frustrated when Bellomont believed that it would be sufficient to negotiate with his counterpart in Quebec to obtain the release of the English prisoners. He returned to New York in 1700, where he resumed actions against piracy and illegal shipping.", "The [[Missiquoi|Sokoki-St. Francis Band]] of the Abenaki Nation organized a tribal council in 1976 at [[Swanton (town), Vermont|Swanton, Vermont]]. Vermont granted recognition of the council the same year, but later withdrew it. In 1982, the band applied for federal recognition, which is still pending. Four Abenaki communities are located in Vermont. On April 22, 2011, Vermont officially recognized two Abenaki bands: the Nulhegan Band of the Coosuk-Abenaki and the El Nu Abenaki Tribe. On May 7, 2012, the Abenaki Nation at Missisquoi and the Koasek of the Koas Abenaki Traditional Band received recognition by the State of Vermont. The Abenaki who chose to remain in the United States did not fare as well as their Canadian counterparts. Tribal connections were lost as those Abenaki who were tolerated by the Anglo population were assimilated into colonial society. What familial groups remained were often eradicated, in the early 20th century, through forced sterilization and [[pregnancy termination]] policies in Vermont. There were over 3,400 reported cases of sterilization of Abenaki having been performed, many of which involved termination of an unborn fetus. No documentation of informed consent for these procedures was found. After this period the only Abenaki that remained in the United States were those who could pass for white, or avoid capture and subsequent dissolution of their families through forced internment in \"schools\" after their sterilization. At the time, many of the children who were sterilized were not even aware of what the physicians had done to them. This was performed under the auspices of the Brandon School of the Feeble-Minded, and the Vermont Reform School.", "Abenaki language was as low as twelve native speakers as of 2015, but with recent focus and extra efforts in the Abenaki community, this number seems to be growing. Today, there are some passionate Abenaki, and non Abenaki people, like Jeanne Brink` of Vermont, who are trying to revitalize the Abenaki culture, which includes their language and their basket making traditions. Today, there are about 12,000 people of varying Abenaki heritage in the Canadian and New England regions, all varying in their connection to their language. In [[Maine]], there are about 3,000 [[Penobscot]] Native Americans, and this is a large driving force of the language resurrection. Among Brink and others, [[Jesse Bruchac]] is a loud voice in the Abenaki culture. Along with writing and publishing various Abenaki books, he created a movie and sound piece telling the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] side of Thanksgiving while spoken in Abenaki. In this film, called [[Saints & Strangers]], the three actors not only memorized the lines in Abenaki, but also learned the syntax behind the language and learnt from filming. This revitalization of the famous Thanksgiving story from a new tongue and perspective offered a more original and full version of what Thanksgiving might have really been like so many years ago. In Bruchac's novel, \"L8dwaw8gan Wji Abaznodakaw8gan: The Language of Basket Making \" Bruchac notes that Abenaki is a poly-synthetic language, which makes the ways to express oneself in Abenaki is almost limitless. Abenaki language consists of dependent and independent grammar, which address the gender of the speaker.", "Abenaki also uses nouns, pronouns, first, second, third, and indefinite parts of speech, and verbs, and adjectives. If the noun is animate or inanimate alters the structure of the sentence or phrase. Although written primarily in English, \"Aln8bak News\" helped to preserve the Abenaki language through the inclusion of Abenaki words and their translations throughout each newsletter. \" Aln8bak News\" was a quarterly newsletter that discussed cultural, historical, and contemporary information regarding the Cowasuck Band of the Pennacook Abenaki. It was started in 1993, by Paul Pouilot, Sagamo of the Cowasuck Band of the Pennacook Abenaki. The word, Aln8bak (pronounced like Aln\u00f4bak) is often used as a synonym to [[Abenaki]]. Initially the newsletter was called \"Aln8ba8dwa National News\" ( Aln8ba8dwa or Aln\u00f4ba\u00f4dwa means \"Abenaki speaking\"). Issues of the quarterly newsletter from 2003-2010 were published by the Cowasuck Band of the Pennacook Abenaki on their website. According to a statement made by the Band, after 2010, they stopped publishing the newsletter on their website due a lack of financial support from online readers. \" Aln8bak News\" included community-related information such as updates on governance issues, notices of social events, and obituaries. The newsletter also included Band history, genealogy, language lessons, recipes, plant and animal studies, books reviews, and writings by Band members. The English word \"[[skunk]]\", attested in [[New England]] in the 1630s, is probably borrowed from the Abenaki \"seganku\".", "Lydia Maria Child wrote of the Abenaki in her short story, \"The Church in the Wilderness\" (1828). Several Abenaki characters and much about their 18th-century culture are featured in the Kenneth Roberts novel Arundel (1930). The film Northwest Passage (1940) is based on a novel of the same name by Roberts. Modern Abenaki writers as well as historical Abenaki-written documents are featured in the anthology Dawnland Voices, edited by Siobhan Senier. The collection features commonly known and less known modern writers as well as historical documents from Abenakis and their ancestors. The collection also includes writings from several other native New England tribes. The Abenaki are featured in Charles McCarry's historical novel Bride of the Wilderness (1988), and James Archibald Houston's novel Ghost Fox (1977), both of which are set in the eighteenth century; and in Jodi Picoult's Second Glance (2003) and Lone Wolf (2012) novels, set in the contemporary world. Books for younger readers both have historical settings: Joseph Bruchac's The Arrow Over the Door (1998) (grades 4-6) is set in 1777; and Beth Kanell's young adult novel, The Darkness Under the Water (2008), concerns a young Abenaki-French Canadian girl during the time of the Vermont Eugenics Project, 1931-1936. The first sentence in Norman Mailer's novel Harlot's Ghost makes reference to the Abenaki: \"On a late-winter evening in 1983, while driving through fog along the Maine coast, recollections of old campfires began to drift into the March mist, and I thought of the Abnaki Indians of the Algonquin tribe who dwelt near Bangor a thousand years ago.\""], "answer": {"text": "Lydia Maria Child wrote of the Abenaki in her short story, \"", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_bf5f12e3c7f9449395465e8a85143afa_0_q#1", "question": "what was the name of the short story", "rewrite": "what was the name of the short story about Abenaki by Lydia?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Azeban Azeban is a lower-level trickster spirit in Abenaki mythology. The traditional homeland of the Abenaki is Wobanakik (\"Place of the Dawn\"), what is now called northern New England and southern Quebec. Azeban (also spelled Azban, Asban or Azaban) is a raccoon, the Abenaki trickster figure. Pronounced ah-zuh-bahn. Azeban does many foolish and/or mischievous things in Abenaki folktales, but unlike animal tricksters in some other tribes, is not dangerous or malevolent. Azeban deceives animals and other beings for food or other services. There is an Abenaki story where a woman names her six dogs after their characteristics. She named one of the dogs Azeban. This woman Cedar Girl of the Abenaki [Dawn Land People] naming her dog \"Azeban\" has caused some confusion, causing people to assume the Abenaki trickster figure is a dog, not realizing she called the dog Azeban because he has the characteristics of the raccoon, the actual Abenaki Trickster figure. In the story the dog Azeban is one of a litter of six dogs born to Awasosqua (\"Bear Woman\"). The others are Awasosis (\"Little Bear\"), Kwaniwibid (\"Long Tooth\"), Mikwe (\"Squirrel\"), Moosis (\"Little Moose\") and Soksemo (\"Good Nose\"). All the spirits in Awasosqua's broods are dogs, and are named after their characteristics. In Migian, Azeban is a trickster raccoon dog named Amarst.", "The Abenaki felt threatened by English encroachment on their lands, and the settlers feared a return to significant French-inspired raiding of their settlements. Bellomont issued proclamations to distribute among the Abenaki denying plans to take their lands, but was unable to ease the underlying tensions. One reason for this was his naive assumption that Abenaki concerns were rooted in a French Catholic conspiracy. When English negotiators attempted to separate the Abenaki from their Jesuit missionaries, this upset ongoing trade negotiations, and did nothing to assuage Puritan New England concerns over the activities of \"Popish Emissaries\" intriguing to make war on them. The colonial legislature passed a law banning Roman Catholics from territory claimed by the province, which included Abenaki territory claimed by Governor Sir William Phips in 1693. Bellomont engaged in fruitless attempts to convince the eastern Abenaki to migrate west, where they would come under Iroquois influence; this was unsuccessful, in part because the Abenaki and Iroquois had a history of conflict. Despite these difficulties, he managed to achieve a precarious peace with the Abenaki in January 1699. Abenaki relations were also complicated by misunderstandings about sovereignty. The Abenaki viewed themselves as sovereign, while the English believed them to be subjects, either to themselves or to the French. A prisoner exchange involving English held by the Abenaki and Indians held by the English was frustrated when Bellomont believed that it would be sufficient to negotiate with his counterpart in Quebec to obtain the release of the English prisoners. He returned to New York in 1700, where he resumed actions against piracy and illegal shipping.", "Abenaki language was as low as twelve native speakers as of 2015, but with recent focus and extra efforts in the Abenaki community, this number seems to be growing. Today, there are some passionate Abenaki, and non Abenaki people, like Jeanne Brink` of Vermont, who are trying to revitalize the Abenaki culture, which includes their language and their basket making traditions. Today, there are about 12,000 people of varying Abenaki heritage in the Canadian and New England regions, all varying in their connection to their language. In [[Maine]], there are about 3,000 [[Penobscot]] Native Americans, and this is a large driving force of the language resurrection. Among Brink and others, [[Jesse Bruchac]] is a loud voice in the Abenaki culture. Along with writing and publishing various Abenaki books, he created a movie and sound piece telling the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] side of Thanksgiving while spoken in Abenaki. In this film, called [[Saints & Strangers]], the three actors not only memorized the lines in Abenaki, but also learned the syntax behind the language and learnt from filming. This revitalization of the famous Thanksgiving story from a new tongue and perspective offered a more original and full version of what Thanksgiving might have really been like so many years ago. In Bruchac's novel, \"L8dwaw8gan Wji Abaznodakaw8gan: The Language of Basket Making \" Bruchac notes that Abenaki is a poly-synthetic language, which makes the ways to express oneself in Abenaki is almost limitless. Abenaki language consists of dependent and independent grammar, which address the gender of the speaker.", "Lydia Maria Child wrote of the Abenaki in her short story, \"The Church in the Wilderness\" (1828). Several Abenaki characters and much about their 18th-century culture are featured in the Kenneth Roberts novel Arundel (1930). The film Northwest Passage (1940) is based on a novel of the same name by Roberts. Modern Abenaki writers as well as historical Abenaki-written documents are featured in the anthology Dawnland Voices, edited by Siobhan Senier. The collection features commonly known and less known modern writers as well as historical documents from Abenakis and their ancestors. The collection also includes writings from several other native New England tribes. The Abenaki are featured in Charles McCarry's historical novel Bride of the Wilderness (1988), and James Archibald Houston's novel Ghost Fox (1977), both of which are set in the eighteenth century; and in Jodi Picoult's Second Glance (2003) and Lone Wolf (2012) novels, set in the contemporary world. Books for younger readers both have historical settings: Joseph Bruchac's The Arrow Over the Door (1998) (grades 4-6) is set in 1777; and Beth Kanell's young adult novel, The Darkness Under the Water (2008), concerns a young Abenaki-French Canadian girl during the time of the Vermont Eugenics Project, 1931-1936. The first sentence in Norman Mailer's novel Harlot's Ghost makes reference to the Abenaki: \"On a late-winter evening in 1983, while driving through fog along the Maine coast, recollections of old campfires began to drift into the March mist, and I thought of the Abnaki Indians of the Algonquin tribe who dwelt near Bangor a thousand years ago.\"", "The [[Missiquoi|Sokoki-St. Francis Band]] of the Abenaki Nation organized a tribal council in 1976 at [[Swanton (town), Vermont|Swanton, Vermont]]. Vermont granted recognition of the council the same year, but later withdrew it. In 1982, the band applied for federal recognition, which is still pending. Four Abenaki communities are located in Vermont. On April 22, 2011, Vermont officially recognized two Abenaki bands: the Nulhegan Band of the Coosuk-Abenaki and the El Nu Abenaki Tribe. On May 7, 2012, the Abenaki Nation at Missisquoi and the Koasek of the Koas Abenaki Traditional Band received recognition by the State of Vermont. The Abenaki who chose to remain in the United States did not fare as well as their Canadian counterparts. Tribal connections were lost as those Abenaki who were tolerated by the Anglo population were assimilated into colonial society. What familial groups remained were often eradicated, in the early 20th century, through forced sterilization and [[pregnancy termination]] policies in Vermont. There were over 3,400 reported cases of sterilization of Abenaki having been performed, many of which involved termination of an unborn fetus. No documentation of informed consent for these procedures was found. After this period the only Abenaki that remained in the United States were those who could pass for white, or avoid capture and subsequent dissolution of their families through forced internment in \"schools\" after their sterilization. At the time, many of the children who were sterilized were not even aware of what the physicians had done to them. This was performed under the auspices of the Brandon School of the Feeble-Minded, and the Vermont Reform School."], "answer": {"text": "\"The Church in the Wilderness", "answer_start": 59}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Were there novels written about Abenaki?", "answer": {"text": "Lydia Maria Child wrote of the Abenaki in her short story, \"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bf5f12e3c7f9449395465e8a85143afa_0_q#2", "question": "what was the story about", "rewrite": "what was The Church in the Wilderness about?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Wilderness Act is considered one of America's bedrock conservation laws and was written by The Wilderness Society's former Executive Director Howard Zahniser. Passed by Congress in 1964, the Wilderness Act created the National Wilderness Preservation System, which now protects nearly 110 million acres of designated wilderness areas throughout the United States. Among the first wilderness areas created by the act were: Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, Minnesota; Bridger Wilderness, Wyoming; Bob Marshall Wilderness, Montana; and Ansel Adams Wilderness, California. The Wilderness Society has campaigned for the passage of wilderness bills as a means to permanently protect significant and unspoiled wildlands in the United States. Since the passage of the Wilderness Act in 1964, the National Wilderness Preservation System has grown to more than 109 million acres. One of The Wilderness Society \u2019s specialties is creating coalitions consisting of environmental groups, as well as representatives of sportsmen, ranchers, scientists, business owners, and others. It states that it bases its work in science and economic analysis, often enabling conservationists to strengthen the case for land protection by documenting potential scientific and economic dividends. The Wilderness Society played a major role in passage of the following bills: The Wilderness Society mobilizes public support for legislation that protects public lands through protective wildlands designations. This includes adding new wilderness areas and national monuments into U.S. public lands systems. The Wilderness Society supports legislation that protects unspoiled public lands as designated \"Wilderness.\" A wilderness designation is the highest form of protection the government can give to any public land. Under the Wilderness Act, designated wilderness areas are protected, permanently, from new development, commercial activities, and motorized vehicles. As of 2016, the wilderness system contained more than 109 million acres of protected wilderness lands. This system includes more than 750 wilderness areas in all 50 states.", "Gospel Hump Wilderness The Gospel Hump Wilderness is a federally-protected wilderness area that covers of the state of Idaho. Managed by the U.S. Forest Service in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it received wilderness designation on February 24, 1978 through the passage of the Endangered American Wilderness Act and is part of Nez Perce National Forest. As part of the National Wilderness Preservation System, the Gospel Hump Wilderness is an area where human development and use are restricted and people are to remain only visitors. The Nez Perce people lived in Idaho as early as 6000 BCE, and the area that is now the Gospel Hump Wilderness was used by them long before the arrival of settlers. In 1861 gold was discovered in Florence, Idaho, just outside the wilderness's boundary. A quartz vein at the base of Buffalo Hump was discovered in 1898, which sparked a gold rush before mining subsided in 1903. Remnants of mines and other structures remain in the wilderness. The wilderness was formally established on February 24, 1978 when Congress passed Public Law 95-237. When the Gospel Hump Wilderness is combined with the adjacent Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Area and the surrounding unprotected inventoried roadless area, it is part of a wilderness-roadless area complex. To the north of the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Area lies the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Area. These two large Wilderness areas are separated only by a single dirt road (the Magruder Corridor), connecting Red River, Idaho to Darby, Montana. Negating the Magruder Corridor, the Selway-Bitterroot, Gospel Hump and Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Areas constitute the largest intact piece of wildland in the United States outside of Alaska. A management plan was established in 1983 and provides guidance for the Forest Service on management of the wilderness.", "Wilderness first aid certification in the US Wilderness first aid as an established medical discipline is a relatively new phenomenon compared to the more established field of prehospital emergency medicine. While instructional guidelines for curriculum for prehospital emergency medical care have been standardized by the U.S. federal government, there are no current federal regulations defining scopes of practice for varying levels of wilderness medicine. Industry groups in the field of wilderness medicine have worked to create such standards. The Wilderness Medical Society published The WMS Practice Guidelines for Wilderness Emergency Care in 1987, and updated the document several times through 2006. WMS now publishes Practice Guidelines updates in its journal Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. Minimum guidelines and scope of practice for Wilderness First Aid training were published in the journal Wilderness and Environmental Medicine in 2013. These guidelines and scope of practice were developed with input from Wilderness Medical Associates, NOLS Wilderness Medicine Institute, SOLO, Wilderness Medicine Training Center, Aerie, Wilderness Medicine Outfitters, Remote Medical International, Desert Mountain Medicine, and others. A group consensus position paper on minimum guidelines and scope of practice for Wilderness First Responder (WFR) was published in 2016 by the Wilderness Medicine Educators Collaborative. The collaborative is led by representatives of Wilderness Medical Associates, NOLS Wilderness Medicine Institute, SOLO, Wilderness Medicine Training Center, Aerie, Wilderness Medicine Outfitters, Remote Medical International, and Desert Mountain Medicine. The American Red Cross Wilderness & Remote First Aid (2010) certification is valid for 2 years. In Canada, the first wilderness first aid course were first taught in the mid 1980's and the first organization (defunct 1986 to 1998) to adopt standards was the Wilderness First Aid and Safety Association of BC. Wilderness Medical Associates International, along with organizations that offer WMAI certification, provides certification in wilderness first aid, wilderness first responder, and other levels of wilderness medicine training.", "Panther Den Wilderness The Panther Den Wilderness is a parcel of land listed as a Wilderness Area of the United States. It is located within the Shawnee National Forest in Union County in the U.S. state of Illinois. Panther Den Wilderness is the smallest of eight Wilderness areas in Illinois. The other seven are Bald Knob Wilderness, Bay Creek Wilderness, Burden Falls Wilderness, Clear Springs Wilderness, Crab Orchard Wilderness, Garden of the Gods, and Lusk Creek Wilderness. All Illinois Wilderness areas are located in Southern Illinois. We are living in a time of \"...increasing population, accompanied by expanding settlement and growing mechanization,\" that is why it is important that individual play a role in helping to \"secure for the American people of present and future generations the benefits of an enduring resource of wilderness\" as called for by the Congress of the United States through the Wilderness Act of 1964. Thanks to the Wilderness Act the Panther Den became a Wilderness Area on November 28, 1990. According to Public Law 101-633 Congress legislated 940 acres to the Panther Den Wilderness. As with other wilderness areas within Shawnee National Forest, the Panther Den Wilderness is made of second-growth forested areas that were used, until the land acquisitions of the 1930s, as agriculture land. The United States Forest Service manages much of the wilderness; the agency describes it as a land of \"homestead[s], fruit trees, cemeteries, and abandoned roads.\" Shawnee National Forest was created in 1939, and in 1990, the Illinois Wilderness Act set aside seven separate parcels of land within this National Forest as relatively small wilderness areas. The Panther Den Wilderness, one of these parcels, is a roadless parcel of land within the national forest. It forms part of the southern shore of Devils Kitchen Lake. Panther Den Wilderness is served by the River to River Trail.", "Ellicott Rock Wilderness Ellicott Rock Wilderness is managed by the United States Forest Service and is part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. It was first designated by Congress in 1975 with the Eastern Wilderness Act. The majority of this land (approximately 3,300 acres) lays in South Carolina. Additional lands were added to Ellicott Rock Wilderness in 1984 with the passing of the North Carolina Wilderness Act and the Georgia Wilderness Act, today designated wilderness totals . Ellicott Rock Wilderness is the only wilderness that straddles three states, with boundaries located around the point at which Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina come together. Ellicott Rock Wilderness also spans three National Forests. Sumter National Forest in South Carolina is responsible for , receives the majority of recreation in the wilderness, and is also the lead manager of Ellicott Rock Wilderness. Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina is responsible for the majority of the wilderness at and the Chattahoochee National Forest in Georgia manages of the wilderness. In 1979, all Forest Service land was surveyed under the Roadless Area Review and Evaluation (RARE II) and on the Sumter National Forest (adjacent to the existing wilderness) were classified as Roadless National Forest System land and named Ellicott Rock Extension. The Andrew Pickens Ranger district on the Sumter National Forest recommended the Ellicott Rock Extension as wilderness in 1995 in their Resource Management Plan. Although not fully designated, recommended wilderness is managed as if it were designated wilderness. In June 2017 during a land management plan revision, the Nantahala Ranger District on the Nantahala National Forest added of proposed wilderness, currently called Ellicott Rock West Extension. Ellicott Rock Wilderness is named for \u201cEllicott's Rock,\u201d a rock on the east bank of the Chattooga Wild and Scenic River"], "answer": {"text": "about their 18th-century culture", "answer_start": 134}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Were there novels written about Abenaki?", "answer": {"text": "Lydia Maria Child wrote of the Abenaki in her short story, \"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the name of the short story", "answer": {"text": "\"The Church in the Wilderness", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bf5f12e3c7f9449395465e8a85143afa_0_q#4", "question": "what writers were involved", "rewrite": "what writers were involved in The Church in the Wilderness?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Panther Den Wilderness The Panther Den Wilderness is a parcel of land listed as a Wilderness Area of the United States. It is located within the Shawnee National Forest in Union County in the U.S. state of Illinois. Panther Den Wilderness is the smallest of eight Wilderness areas in Illinois. The other seven are Bald Knob Wilderness, Bay Creek Wilderness, Burden Falls Wilderness, Clear Springs Wilderness, Crab Orchard Wilderness, Garden of the Gods, and Lusk Creek Wilderness. All Illinois Wilderness areas are located in Southern Illinois. We are living in a time of \"...increasing population, accompanied by expanding settlement and growing mechanization,\" that is why it is important that individual play a role in helping to \"secure for the American people of present and future generations the benefits of an enduring resource of wilderness\" as called for by the Congress of the United States through the Wilderness Act of 1964. Thanks to the Wilderness Act the Panther Den became a Wilderness Area on November 28, 1990. According to Public Law 101-633 Congress legislated 940 acres to the Panther Den Wilderness. As with other wilderness areas within Shawnee National Forest, the Panther Den Wilderness is made of second-growth forested areas that were used, until the land acquisitions of the 1930s, as agriculture land. The United States Forest Service manages much of the wilderness; the agency describes it as a land of \"homestead[s], fruit trees, cemeteries, and abandoned roads.\" Shawnee National Forest was created in 1939, and in 1990, the Illinois Wilderness Act set aside seven separate parcels of land within this National Forest as relatively small wilderness areas. The Panther Den Wilderness, one of these parcels, is a roadless parcel of land within the national forest. It forms part of the southern shore of Devils Kitchen Lake. Panther Den Wilderness is served by the River to River Trail.", "Following the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 there are 756 separate wilderness designations in the United States ranging in size from Florida's Pelican Island at to Alaska's Wrangell-Saint Elias at . In Western Australia, a Wilderness Area is an area that has a wilderness quality rating of 12 or greater and meets a minimum size threshold of 8,000 hectares in temperate areas or 20,000 hectares in arid and tropical areas. A wilderness area is gazetted under section 62(1)(a) of the Conservation and Land Management Act 1984 by the Minister on any land that is vested in the Conservation Commission of Western Australia. At the forefront of the international wilderness movement has been The WILD Foundation, its founder Ian Player and its network of sister and partner organizations around the globe. The pioneer World Wilderness Congress in 1977 introduced the wilderness concept as an issue of international importance, and began the process of defining the term in biological and social contexts. Today, this work is continued by many international groups who still look to the World Wilderness Congress as the international venue for wilderness and to The WILD Foundation network for wilderness tools and action. The WILD Foundation also publishes the standard references for wilderness professionals and others involved in the issues: \"Wilderness Management: Stewardship and Protection of Resources and Values\", the \"International Journal of Wilderness\", \"A Handbook on International Wilderness Law and Policy\" and \"Protecting Wild Nature on Native Lands\" are the backbone of information and management tools for international wilderness issues. The Wilderness Specialist Group within the World Commission on Protected Areas (WTF/WCPA) of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) plays a critical role in defining legal and management guidelines for wilderness at the international level and is also a clearing-house for information on wilderness issues.", "The Wilderness Act is considered one of America's bedrock conservation laws and was written by The Wilderness Society's former Executive Director Howard Zahniser. Passed by Congress in 1964, the Wilderness Act created the National Wilderness Preservation System, which now protects nearly 110 million acres of designated wilderness areas throughout the United States. Among the first wilderness areas created by the act were: Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, Minnesota; Bridger Wilderness, Wyoming; Bob Marshall Wilderness, Montana; and Ansel Adams Wilderness, California. The Wilderness Society has campaigned for the passage of wilderness bills as a means to permanently protect significant and unspoiled wildlands in the United States. Since the passage of the Wilderness Act in 1964, the National Wilderness Preservation System has grown to more than 109 million acres. One of The Wilderness Society \u2019s specialties is creating coalitions consisting of environmental groups, as well as representatives of sportsmen, ranchers, scientists, business owners, and others. It states that it bases its work in science and economic analysis, often enabling conservationists to strengthen the case for land protection by documenting potential scientific and economic dividends. The Wilderness Society played a major role in passage of the following bills: The Wilderness Society mobilizes public support for legislation that protects public lands through protective wildlands designations. This includes adding new wilderness areas and national monuments into U.S. public lands systems. The Wilderness Society supports legislation that protects unspoiled public lands as designated \"Wilderness.\" A wilderness designation is the highest form of protection the government can give to any public land. Under the Wilderness Act, designated wilderness areas are protected, permanently, from new development, commercial activities, and motorized vehicles. As of 2016, the wilderness system contained more than 109 million acres of protected wilderness lands. This system includes more than 750 wilderness areas in all 50 states.", "Wilderness first aid certification in the US Wilderness first aid as an established medical discipline is a relatively new phenomenon compared to the more established field of prehospital emergency medicine. While instructional guidelines for curriculum for prehospital emergency medical care have been standardized by the U.S. federal government, there are no current federal regulations defining scopes of practice for varying levels of wilderness medicine. Industry groups in the field of wilderness medicine have worked to create such standards. The Wilderness Medical Society published The WMS Practice Guidelines for Wilderness Emergency Care in 1987, and updated the document several times through 2006. WMS now publishes Practice Guidelines updates in its journal Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. Minimum guidelines and scope of practice for Wilderness First Aid training were published in the journal Wilderness and Environmental Medicine in 2013. These guidelines and scope of practice were developed with input from Wilderness Medical Associates, NOLS Wilderness Medicine Institute, SOLO, Wilderness Medicine Training Center, Aerie, Wilderness Medicine Outfitters, Remote Medical International, Desert Mountain Medicine, and others. A group consensus position paper on minimum guidelines and scope of practice for Wilderness First Responder (WFR) was published in 2016 by the Wilderness Medicine Educators Collaborative. The collaborative is led by representatives of Wilderness Medical Associates, NOLS Wilderness Medicine Institute, SOLO, Wilderness Medicine Training Center, Aerie, Wilderness Medicine Outfitters, Remote Medical International, and Desert Mountain Medicine. The American Red Cross Wilderness & Remote First Aid (2010) certification is valid for 2 years. In Canada, the first wilderness first aid course were first taught in the mid 1980's and the first organization (defunct 1986 to 1998) to adopt standards was the Wilderness First Aid and Safety Association of BC. Wilderness Medical Associates International, along with organizations that offer WMAI certification, provides certification in wilderness first aid, wilderness first responder, and other levels of wilderness medicine training.", "Gospel Hump Wilderness The Gospel Hump Wilderness is a federally-protected wilderness area that covers of the state of Idaho. Managed by the U.S. Forest Service in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it received wilderness designation on February 24, 1978 through the passage of the Endangered American Wilderness Act and is part of Nez Perce National Forest. As part of the National Wilderness Preservation System, the Gospel Hump Wilderness is an area where human development and use are restricted and people are to remain only visitors. The Nez Perce people lived in Idaho as early as 6000 BCE, and the area that is now the Gospel Hump Wilderness was used by them long before the arrival of settlers. In 1861 gold was discovered in Florence, Idaho, just outside the wilderness's boundary. A quartz vein at the base of Buffalo Hump was discovered in 1898, which sparked a gold rush before mining subsided in 1903. Remnants of mines and other structures remain in the wilderness. The wilderness was formally established on February 24, 1978 when Congress passed Public Law 95-237. When the Gospel Hump Wilderness is combined with the adjacent Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Area and the surrounding unprotected inventoried roadless area, it is part of a wilderness-roadless area complex. To the north of the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Area lies the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Area. These two large Wilderness areas are separated only by a single dirt road (the Magruder Corridor), connecting Red River, Idaho to Darby, Montana. Negating the Magruder Corridor, the Selway-Bitterroot, Gospel Hump and Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Areas constitute the largest intact piece of wildland in the United States outside of Alaska. A management plan was established in 1983 and provides guidance for the Forest Service on management of the wilderness."], "answer": {"text": "documents from Abenakis and their ancestors.", "answer_start": 543}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Were there novels written about Abenaki?", "answer": {"text": "Lydia Maria Child wrote of the Abenaki in her short story, \"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the name of the short story", "answer": {"text": "\"The Church in the Wilderness", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the story about", "answer": {"text": "about their 18th-century culture", "answer_start": 134, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the story well known", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bf5f12e3c7f9449395465e8a85143afa_0_q#5", "question": "What else is important about the story", "rewrite": "Besides The Church in the Wilderness, what else is important about Abenaki?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Abenaki felt threatened by English encroachment on their lands, and the settlers feared a return to significant French-inspired raiding of their settlements. Bellomont issued proclamations to distribute among the Abenaki denying plans to take their lands, but was unable to ease the underlying tensions. One reason for this was his naive assumption that Abenaki concerns were rooted in a French Catholic conspiracy. When English negotiators attempted to separate the Abenaki from their Jesuit missionaries, this upset ongoing trade negotiations, and did nothing to assuage Puritan New England concerns over the activities of \"Popish Emissaries\" intriguing to make war on them. The colonial legislature passed a law banning Roman Catholics from territory claimed by the province, which included Abenaki territory claimed by Governor Sir William Phips in 1693. Bellomont engaged in fruitless attempts to convince the eastern Abenaki to migrate west, where they would come under Iroquois influence; this was unsuccessful, in part because the Abenaki and Iroquois had a history of conflict. Despite these difficulties, he managed to achieve a precarious peace with the Abenaki in January 1699. Abenaki relations were also complicated by misunderstandings about sovereignty. The Abenaki viewed themselves as sovereign, while the English believed them to be subjects, either to themselves or to the French. A prisoner exchange involving English held by the Abenaki and Indians held by the English was frustrated when Bellomont believed that it would be sufficient to negotiate with his counterpart in Quebec to obtain the release of the English prisoners. He returned to New York in 1700, where he resumed actions against piracy and illegal shipping.", "Lydia Maria Child wrote of the Abenaki in her short story, \"The Church in the Wilderness\" (1828). Several Abenaki characters and much about their 18th-century culture are featured in the Kenneth Roberts novel Arundel (1930). The film Northwest Passage (1940) is based on a novel of the same name by Roberts. Modern Abenaki writers as well as historical Abenaki-written documents are featured in the anthology Dawnland Voices, edited by Siobhan Senier. The collection features commonly known and less known modern writers as well as historical documents from Abenakis and their ancestors. The collection also includes writings from several other native New England tribes. The Abenaki are featured in Charles McCarry's historical novel Bride of the Wilderness (1988), and James Archibald Houston's novel Ghost Fox (1977), both of which are set in the eighteenth century; and in Jodi Picoult's Second Glance (2003) and Lone Wolf (2012) novels, set in the contemporary world. Books for younger readers both have historical settings: Joseph Bruchac's The Arrow Over the Door (1998) (grades 4-6) is set in 1777; and Beth Kanell's young adult novel, The Darkness Under the Water (2008), concerns a young Abenaki-French Canadian girl during the time of the Vermont Eugenics Project, 1931-1936. The first sentence in Norman Mailer's novel Harlot's Ghost makes reference to the Abenaki: \"On a late-winter evening in 1983, while driving through fog along the Maine coast, recollections of old campfires began to drift into the March mist, and I thought of the Abnaki Indians of the Algonquin tribe who dwelt near Bangor a thousand years ago.\"", "Jesse Bruchac Jesse Bowman Bruchac (born 1972) is a Native American author and language teacher from the Abenaki tribe. He has dedicated much of his life to studying the Abenaki language and preserving the Abenaki culture. Jesse has also worked extensively with, and taught other Eastern Algonquian languages including the Lenni Lenape, Unkechaug, Shinnecock, Penobscot, Maliseet, Passamaquoddy, Mohegan, Munsee and Unami. He is webmaster of WesternAbenaki.com a free online language learning portal. He has worked as composer for the operetta The Purchase of Manhattan (2015), a translator for the AMC hit show TURN (2014), a short film by Alanis Obomsawin When All the Leaves Are Gone (2010) and as translator, dialect/dialogue coach and composer for the National Geographic movie Saints & Strangers (2015), a film which includes over an hour of translated dialogue in the Western Abenaki language and two months of on set actor training and filming in South Africa with over two dozen actors. He has travelled throughout the United States teaching both the Abenaki language and culture. Abenaki scholar Frederick Matthew Wiseman, author of \"The Voice of the Dawn\", calls him an \"important contributor to the Abenaki Renaissance.\" He created the first Abenaki language website. When he is not traveling, he works as the treasurer for The Ndakinna Education Center and teaches wilderness survival classes. He also is an active martial artist, skilled in Brazilian jiu-jitsu, isshin-ry\u016b, pentjak silat, and taekwondo. Bruchac was born to Joseph Bruchac and Carol Bruchac. He attended Saratoga Springs High School.", "The [[Missiquoi|Sokoki-St. Francis Band]] of the Abenaki Nation organized a tribal council in 1976 at [[Swanton (town), Vermont|Swanton, Vermont]]. Vermont granted recognition of the council the same year, but later withdrew it. In 1982, the band applied for federal recognition, which is still pending. Four Abenaki communities are located in Vermont. On April 22, 2011, Vermont officially recognized two Abenaki bands: the Nulhegan Band of the Coosuk-Abenaki and the El Nu Abenaki Tribe. On May 7, 2012, the Abenaki Nation at Missisquoi and the Koasek of the Koas Abenaki Traditional Band received recognition by the State of Vermont. The Abenaki who chose to remain in the United States did not fare as well as their Canadian counterparts. Tribal connections were lost as those Abenaki who were tolerated by the Anglo population were assimilated into colonial society. What familial groups remained were often eradicated, in the early 20th century, through forced sterilization and [[pregnancy termination]] policies in Vermont. There were over 3,400 reported cases of sterilization of Abenaki having been performed, many of which involved termination of an unborn fetus. No documentation of informed consent for these procedures was found. After this period the only Abenaki that remained in the United States were those who could pass for white, or avoid capture and subsequent dissolution of their families through forced internment in \"schools\" after their sterilization. At the time, many of the children who were sterilized were not even aware of what the physicians had done to them. This was performed under the auspices of the Brandon School of the Feeble-Minded, and the Vermont Reform School.", "Abenaki language was as low as twelve native speakers as of 2015, but with recent focus and extra efforts in the Abenaki community, this number seems to be growing. Today, there are some passionate Abenaki, and non Abenaki people, like Jeanne Brink` of Vermont, who are trying to revitalize the Abenaki culture, which includes their language and their basket making traditions. Today, there are about 12,000 people of varying Abenaki heritage in the Canadian and New England regions, all varying in their connection to their language. In [[Maine]], there are about 3,000 [[Penobscot]] Native Americans, and this is a large driving force of the language resurrection. Among Brink and others, [[Jesse Bruchac]] is a loud voice in the Abenaki culture. Along with writing and publishing various Abenaki books, he created a movie and sound piece telling the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] side of Thanksgiving while spoken in Abenaki. In this film, called [[Saints & Strangers]], the three actors not only memorized the lines in Abenaki, but also learned the syntax behind the language and learnt from filming. This revitalization of the famous Thanksgiving story from a new tongue and perspective offered a more original and full version of what Thanksgiving might have really been like so many years ago. In Bruchac's novel, \"L8dwaw8gan Wji Abaznodakaw8gan: The Language of Basket Making \" Bruchac notes that Abenaki is a poly-synthetic language, which makes the ways to express oneself in Abenaki is almost limitless. Abenaki language consists of dependent and independent grammar, which address the gender of the speaker."], "answer": {"text": "The Abenaki are featured in Charles McCarry's historical novel", "answer_start": 672}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Were there novels written about Abenaki?", "answer": {"text": "Lydia Maria Child wrote of the Abenaki in her short story, \"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the name of the short story", "answer": {"text": "\"The Church in the Wilderness", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the story about", "answer": {"text": "about their 18th-century culture", "answer_start": 134, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the story well known", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what writers were involved", "answer": {"text": "documents from Abenakis and their ancestors.", "answer_start": 543, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bf5f12e3c7f9449395465e8a85143afa_0_q#6", "question": "What novel is that", "rewrite": "What novel is written by Charles about Abenaki?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lydia Maria Child wrote of the Abenaki in her short story, \"The Church in the Wilderness\" (1828). Several Abenaki characters and much about their 18th-century culture are featured in the Kenneth Roberts novel Arundel (1930). The film Northwest Passage (1940) is based on a novel of the same name by Roberts. Modern Abenaki writers as well as historical Abenaki-written documents are featured in the anthology Dawnland Voices, edited by Siobhan Senier. The collection features commonly known and less known modern writers as well as historical documents from Abenakis and their ancestors. The collection also includes writings from several other native New England tribes. The Abenaki are featured in Charles McCarry's historical novel Bride of the Wilderness (1988), and James Archibald Houston's novel Ghost Fox (1977), both of which are set in the eighteenth century; and in Jodi Picoult's Second Glance (2003) and Lone Wolf (2012) novels, set in the contemporary world. Books for younger readers both have historical settings: Joseph Bruchac's The Arrow Over the Door (1998) (grades 4-6) is set in 1777; and Beth Kanell's young adult novel, The Darkness Under the Water (2008), concerns a young Abenaki-French Canadian girl during the time of the Vermont Eugenics Project, 1931-1936. The first sentence in Norman Mailer's novel Harlot's Ghost makes reference to the Abenaki: \"On a late-winter evening in 1983, while driving through fog along the Maine coast, recollections of old campfires began to drift into the March mist, and I thought of the Abnaki Indians of the Algonquin tribe who dwelt near Bangor a thousand years ago.\"", "The [[Missiquoi|Sokoki-St. Francis Band]] of the Abenaki Nation organized a tribal council in 1976 at [[Swanton (town), Vermont|Swanton, Vermont]]. Vermont granted recognition of the council the same year, but later withdrew it. In 1982, the band applied for federal recognition, which is still pending. Four Abenaki communities are located in Vermont. On April 22, 2011, Vermont officially recognized two Abenaki bands: the Nulhegan Band of the Coosuk-Abenaki and the El Nu Abenaki Tribe. On May 7, 2012, the Abenaki Nation at Missisquoi and the Koasek of the Koas Abenaki Traditional Band received recognition by the State of Vermont. The Abenaki who chose to remain in the United States did not fare as well as their Canadian counterparts. Tribal connections were lost as those Abenaki who were tolerated by the Anglo population were assimilated into colonial society. What familial groups remained were often eradicated, in the early 20th century, through forced sterilization and [[pregnancy termination]] policies in Vermont. There were over 3,400 reported cases of sterilization of Abenaki having been performed, many of which involved termination of an unborn fetus. No documentation of informed consent for these procedures was found. After this period the only Abenaki that remained in the United States were those who could pass for white, or avoid capture and subsequent dissolution of their families through forced internment in \"schools\" after their sterilization. At the time, many of the children who were sterilized were not even aware of what the physicians had done to them. This was performed under the auspices of the Brandon School of the Feeble-Minded, and the Vermont Reform School.", "Abenaki also uses nouns, pronouns, first, second, third, and indefinite parts of speech, and verbs, and adjectives. If the noun is animate or inanimate alters the structure of the sentence or phrase. Although written primarily in English, \"Aln8bak News\" helped to preserve the Abenaki language through the inclusion of Abenaki words and their translations throughout each newsletter. \" Aln8bak News\" was a quarterly newsletter that discussed cultural, historical, and contemporary information regarding the Cowasuck Band of the Pennacook Abenaki. It was started in 1993, by Paul Pouilot, Sagamo of the Cowasuck Band of the Pennacook Abenaki. The word, Aln8bak (pronounced like Aln\u00f4bak) is often used as a synonym to [[Abenaki]]. Initially the newsletter was called \"Aln8ba8dwa National News\" ( Aln8ba8dwa or Aln\u00f4ba\u00f4dwa means \"Abenaki speaking\"). Issues of the quarterly newsletter from 2003-2010 were published by the Cowasuck Band of the Pennacook Abenaki on their website. According to a statement made by the Band, after 2010, they stopped publishing the newsletter on their website due a lack of financial support from online readers. \" Aln8bak News\" included community-related information such as updates on governance issues, notices of social events, and obituaries. The newsletter also included Band history, genealogy, language lessons, recipes, plant and animal studies, books reviews, and writings by Band members. The English word \"[[skunk]]\", attested in [[New England]] in the 1630s, is probably borrowed from the Abenaki \"seganku\".", "Abenaki language was as low as twelve native speakers as of 2015, but with recent focus and extra efforts in the Abenaki community, this number seems to be growing. Today, there are some passionate Abenaki, and non Abenaki people, like Jeanne Brink` of Vermont, who are trying to revitalize the Abenaki culture, which includes their language and their basket making traditions. Today, there are about 12,000 people of varying Abenaki heritage in the Canadian and New England regions, all varying in their connection to their language. In [[Maine]], there are about 3,000 [[Penobscot]] Native Americans, and this is a large driving force of the language resurrection. Among Brink and others, [[Jesse Bruchac]] is a loud voice in the Abenaki culture. Along with writing and publishing various Abenaki books, he created a movie and sound piece telling the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] side of Thanksgiving while spoken in Abenaki. In this film, called [[Saints & Strangers]], the three actors not only memorized the lines in Abenaki, but also learned the syntax behind the language and learnt from filming. This revitalization of the famous Thanksgiving story from a new tongue and perspective offered a more original and full version of what Thanksgiving might have really been like so many years ago. In Bruchac's novel, \"L8dwaw8gan Wji Abaznodakaw8gan: The Language of Basket Making \" Bruchac notes that Abenaki is a poly-synthetic language, which makes the ways to express oneself in Abenaki is almost limitless. Abenaki language consists of dependent and independent grammar, which address the gender of the speaker.", "The Abenaki felt threatened by English encroachment on their lands, and the settlers feared a return to significant French-inspired raiding of their settlements. Bellomont issued proclamations to distribute among the Abenaki denying plans to take their lands, but was unable to ease the underlying tensions. One reason for this was his naive assumption that Abenaki concerns were rooted in a French Catholic conspiracy. When English negotiators attempted to separate the Abenaki from their Jesuit missionaries, this upset ongoing trade negotiations, and did nothing to assuage Puritan New England concerns over the activities of \"Popish Emissaries\" intriguing to make war on them. The colonial legislature passed a law banning Roman Catholics from territory claimed by the province, which included Abenaki territory claimed by Governor Sir William Phips in 1693. Bellomont engaged in fruitless attempts to convince the eastern Abenaki to migrate west, where they would come under Iroquois influence; this was unsuccessful, in part because the Abenaki and Iroquois had a history of conflict. Despite these difficulties, he managed to achieve a precarious peace with the Abenaki in January 1699. Abenaki relations were also complicated by misunderstandings about sovereignty. The Abenaki viewed themselves as sovereign, while the English believed them to be subjects, either to themselves or to the French. A prisoner exchange involving English held by the Abenaki and Indians held by the English was frustrated when Bellomont believed that it would be sufficient to negotiate with his counterpart in Quebec to obtain the release of the English prisoners. He returned to New York in 1700, where he resumed actions against piracy and illegal shipping."], "answer": {"text": "Bride of the Wilderness (1988), and James Archibald Houston's novel Ghost Fox (1977),", "answer_start": 735}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Were there novels written about Abenaki?", "answer": {"text": "Lydia Maria Child wrote of the Abenaki in her short story, \"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the name of the short story", "answer": {"text": "\"The Church in the Wilderness", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the story about", "answer": {"text": "about their 18th-century culture", "answer_start": 134, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the story well known", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what writers were involved", "answer": {"text": "documents from Abenakis and their ancestors.", "answer_start": 543, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is important about the story", "answer": {"text": "The Abenaki are featured in Charles McCarry's historical novel", "answer_start": 672, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bf5f12e3c7f9449395465e8a85143afa_0_q#9", "question": "Is there anything interesting to know about the books", "rewrite": "Is there anything interesting to know about Charles McCarry's books", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Caleb McCarry Caleb McCarry was the Bush administration's Cuba Transition Coordinator. The position developed out of the Commission for Assistance to a Free Cuba. McCarry described the Commission's purpose as to put forth \"an intelligent, generous and above all respectful offer of support to the Cuban people\" in efforts to end \"the dictatorship [that] has willfully and cruelly divided the Cuban family.\" His mission was described by the Cuban government as \"part of a broader U.S. 'plan for Cuba's annexation.'\" McCarry was previously a professional staff member and subcomiittee staff director for Rep. Henry Hyde and Representative Benjamin A. Gilman who chaired the House International Relations Committee. He is the son of the novelist and former CIA agent Charles McCarry. He speaks Spanish and has a degree in Spanish literature. In 1990, McCarry was director of a Guatemalan project of the Center for Democracy, an organization designed to \"promote the democratic process in the United States and abroad.\" While a congressional staffer, McCarry was known for oversight of U.S. policy during the rule of Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide. In 2004, McCarry participated in the Haiti Democracy Project, whose stated goal is to \"Help Haiti Move Forward\". According to a BBC News Online article of April 11, 2006, \"He says his job is to help Cubans \"recover their freedom after 47 years of brutal dictatorship\". The creation of a \"Cuba Transition Coordinator\" post within the United States government was heavily criticized by Cuban government officials. Shortly after McCarry's appointment, Cuban Foreign Minister Felipe Perez Roque told the United Nations that the United States' plans to overthrow the Cuban government are \"delusional\".", "In the mid-to-late 1970s, several books by former CIA operatives helped trigger and fuel what became known as the U.S. Senate Church Committee hearings that resulted in legislation limiting the power and secrecy of the CIA. McCarry had been \"outed\"\u2014publicly identified as a secret CIA operative\u2014in 1975, but was never called to testify. McCarry was editor-at-large for \"National Geographic\" and contributed pieces to \"The New York Times\", \"The Wall Street Journal\", \"The Washington Post\", the \"Saturday Evening Post,\" and other national publications. In as essay published by the \"Washington Post\", he says that \"for a writer in America, going out to dinner is like living as an American in Europe: Total strangers think they can say anything they like to you.\" Ten of McCarry's novels involve the life story of a fictional character named Paul Christopher, who \u2014 in McCarry's telling \u2014 grew up in pre-Nazi Germany, and later became a lone operative for a U.S. government entity that is clearly the Central Intelligence Agency. These books are, in order of publication: Alternately, in chronological order of events depicted: The Paul Christopher novels, together and separately, resemble a Christopher Nolan movie in that time sequences become jumbled; e.g. only as Paul Christopher becomes an old man do readers learn about his parents and childhood. One critic notes that \u201cAs far as recurring characters go, one must look to John Updike\u2019s \u2018Rabbit\u2019 Angstrom books or Philip Roth's Nathan Zuckerman novels for equivalents in the scope and breadth of what McCarry accomplishes with one character and his movements through the events of the twentieth century.\u201d \"It\u2019s tempting to say that Charles McCarry\u2019s", "The Miernik Dossier The Miernik Dossier, published by the Saturday Review Press in 1973, was the first of seven novels by the American novelist Charles McCarry featuring an American intelligence agent named Paul Christopher. Set in 1959 in Europe and Africa during the days of the Cold War, it is narrated in the form of reports, overheard conversations, and various documents from a multitude of sources of different nationalities, supposedly giving the reader an authentic picture of what an actual intelligence operation might be like. McCarry had previously been an undercover operative for the Central Intelligence Agency for nine years, and the book was hailed for its apparent authenticity and realistic depiction of tradecraft. It received excellent reviews, and instantly established McCarry's reputation as one of the foremost American novelists of espionage. Later books by McCarry, nine more in all, expanded from focusing solely on Christopher into what might be considered a chronicle of the Christopher universe: two novels feature his cousins, the Hubbards, and in many of the other Christopher novels his father, mother, one-time wife, and daughter play important and recurring roles. Also in this universe is a 1988 historical novel, \"The Bride of the Wilderness\", about Christopher's ancestors in 17th-century England, France, and Massachusetts. Like all of McCarry's books, this one displays \"an almost Jamesian awareness of [its] European locale, the special authenticity of a loving expatriate writing of an adopted foreign land.\" This book introduces Paul Christopher, who will go on to be the main character in another six novels. Document #4 says that he is \"An American under deep cover in Geneva\", presumably with a cover job in the World Research Organization, a branch of the United Nations; his post, however, is unspecified.", "The Secret Lovers (novel) The Secret Lovers, published by E.P. Dutton in 1977, was the third of seven novels by the American novelist Charles McCarry to feature an American intelligence agent named Paul Christopher. It takes place in 1960 and '61, a year after the events in the first Christopher novel, \"The Miernik Dossier\", published in 1973, and three years before the beginning of \"The Tears of Autumn\", published in 1974, which was actually the second book McCarry wrote about Christopher. Later books by McCarry, ten in all as of 2013, expanded from focusing solely on Christopher into what might be considered a chronicle of the Christopher universe: two novels feature his cousins, the Hubbards, and in many of the Christopher novels his father, mother, one-time wife, and daughter play important and recurring roles. Also in this universe is a 1988 historical novel, \"The Bride of the Wilderness\", about Christopher's ancestors in 17th-century England, France, and Massachusetts. McCarry had been an undercover operative for the Central Intelligence Agency for nine years before turning to writing, and his books were hailed for their apparent authenticity and realistic depiction of tradecraft. \" The Miernik Dossier\" received excellent reviews, and instantly established McCarry's reputation as one of the foremost American novelists of espionage. Like all of McCarry's books, this one displays \"an almost Jamesian awareness of [its] European locale, the special authenticity of a loving expatriate writing of an adopted foreign land.\" The word \"secret\" in the title is first understood by the reader to be a noun rather than an adjective\u2014at one point the cool, distant Christopher tries to explain his remoteness and emotional detachment to his beautiful young wife, \"I love secrets, we all do.", "Charles McCarry Charles McCarry (June 14, 1930 \u2013 February 26, 2019) was an American writer, primarily of spy fiction, and a former undercover operative for the Central Intelligence Agency whom \"The Wall Street Journal\" described in 2013 as \"the dean of American spy writers\"; \"The New Republic\" magazine calls him \"poet laureate of the CIA.\"; and Otto Penzler says he has produced some \"poetic masterpieces\". William Zinsser calls him a \"political novelist:\" Jonathan Yardley, Pulitzer Prize-winning critic for the \"Washington Post\", calls him a \"'serious' novelist\" whose work may include \"the best novel ever written about life in high-stakes Washington, DC.\" P.J. O'Rourke called him \"the best modern writer on the subject of intrigue. \" O'Rourke learned about McCarry from a working covert operative who called McCarry \"very realistic.\" His family from The Berkshires area of western Massachusetts, McCarry was born in Pittsfield and he lived in Virginia. McCarry believed that \"the best novels are about ordinary things: love, betrayal, death, trust, loneliness, marriage, fatherhood.\" He also said \"if you write a political novel, you're writing what you believe instead of what you know.\" McCarry said, \"the themes of my novels have been ordinary things \u2013 love, death, betrayal and the American dream.\" McCarry's books are not thrillers; thrillers maintain suspense mostly by letting the reader know more than does the character being depicted; e,g, someone with a knife is waiting in the dark room. In contrast, as you read a Paul Christopher novel, you rarely see or know anything that Christopher does not see and know."], "answer": {"text": "Books for younger readers", "answer_start": 973}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Were there novels written about Abenaki?", "answer": {"text": "Lydia Maria Child wrote of the Abenaki in her short story, \"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the name of the short story", "answer": {"text": "\"The Church in the Wilderness", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the story about", "answer": {"text": "about their 18th-century culture", "answer_start": 134, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the story well known", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what writers were involved", "answer": {"text": "documents from Abenakis and their ancestors.", "answer_start": 543, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is important about the story", "answer": {"text": "The Abenaki are featured in Charles McCarry's historical novel", "answer_start": 672, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What novel is that", "answer": {"text": "Bride of the Wilderness (1988), and James Archibald Houston's novel Ghost Fox (1977),", "answer_start": 735, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Bride of the Wilderness about", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "were the books popular", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0b63ef593dd04e27997b22d2c4496eae_1_q#0", "question": "What is Encounters with the Third Doctor?", "rewrite": "What is Encounters with the Third Doctor?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Whereas Pertwee obtained it during his service in the Royal Navy, an in-universe reason for it was eventually provided in the New Adventures novel \"Christmas on a Rational Planet\" as being a Time Lord symbol signifying exile, removed once the Doctor's exile was formally ended following the events of \"The Three Doctors\". The Third Doctor stories were the first to be broadcast in colour. The early ones were set on Earth due to cost constraints on the series. To explain this, the Second Doctor was banished to Earth by his people, the Time Lords, and forced to regenerate. On Earth, he worked with the Brigadier and the rest of the UNIT team. However, as his tenure progressed he had reasons to leave Earth, on occasions being sent on missions by the Time Lords. Eventually, after his defeat of the renegade Omega in \"The Three Doctors\", he was granted complete freedom by the Time Lords in gratitude for saving Gallifrey. The Third Doctor's era introduced adversaries including the Autons, the Master, Omega, the Sontarans, the Silurians, and the Sea Devils. The Daleks returned after a five-year absence about halfway through Pertwee's run. The Third Doctor was the only one from the classic series not to have a story featuring the Cybermen (although they were seen briefly in \"The Mind of Evil\" and \"Carnival of Monsters\"), but he did eventually encounter them during \"The Five Doctors\". A catchphrase used during the Third Doctor's era was \"reverse the polarity of the neutron flow\". The phrase was Pertwee's way of dealing with the technobabble that he was required to speak as the Doctor. Terrance Dicks recalls that he had used the line in a script, and Pertwee approached him about the line.", "Third Doctor comic stories The Third Doctor comic stories is a range of offscreen adventures featuring the third incarnation of the Doctor, the protagonist of the hit sc-fi series, Doctor Who. During the early 1970s, the adventures of the Third Doctor in comic mainly ran in two similar formats, TV Comic and Countdown, and as with every incarnation of the Doctor, the Third Doctor featured in Doctor Who Annuals. Due to the Third Doctor's exile on Earth for most of his tenure, these comics are notable for including UNIT in a large number of stories, in particular, UNIT's founder and the Doctor's sidekick, The Brigadier, with adventures featuring just them as principal characters being set between \"Inferno\" and \"Terror of the Autons\". Following The Three Doctors, which saw the Doctor's exile lifted, the comics were allowed to expand, taking the Doctor on new adventures across time and space. Sub-Zero (featuring the Daleks)", "The series logo introduced in 1970 and used for the first four seasons of Pertwee's tenure would later be used again, in modified form, as the logo for the 1996 Doctor Who TV movie. This version subsequently became the official \"Doctor Who\" logo, most notably with regards to products connected to the Eighth Doctor. With the introduction of a new official series logo in 2005, the 1996 logo continued to be used by Big Finish Productions as the logo for all pre-2005 series material including books and audio dramas, and by the BBC on DVD releases of episodes from the 1963\u201389 series, books and audio. The Third Doctor appeared again in the 20th anniversary special \"The Five Doctors\", broadcast in 1983. A stage play, \" Doctor Who \u2013 The Ultimate Adventure\", was produced in 1989, starring Jon Pertwee (occasionally replaced by an understudy then later, until the end of the production run, by Colin Baker as the Sixth Doctor). In 1993, he played the role again for the 30th Anniversary charity special \"Dimensions in Time\", and in the audio drama \"The Paradise of Death\". Months before his death, he played the Doctor for the final time in the audio drama \" The Ghosts of N-Space\". From 2015, Big Finish had produced a new series of audio drama adventures featuring the Third Doctor titled \"\", with actor Tim Treloar voicing the role. Visions of the Third Doctor appear in \"The Brain of Morbius\", \"Mawdryn Undead\", and \"Resurrection of the Daleks\". A portrait of him is seen in \"Timelash\". A brief clip of the Third Doctor taken from \"Terror of the Autons\" appears in \"The Next Doctor\", another appears in \"The Sarah Jane Adventures\" serial \"", "Third Doctor The Third Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor, the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television series \" Doctor Who\". He was portrayed by actor Jon Pertwee. Within the series' narrative, the Doctor is a centuries-old Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey who travels in time and space in his TARDIS, frequently with companions. At the end of life, the Doctor can regenerate his body; as a result, his physical appearance and personality change. Pertwee portrays the third such incarnation, a dapper man of action of stark contrast to his wily but less action-oriented predecessors. While previous Doctors' stories had all involved time and space travel, for production reasons Pertwee's stories initially depicted the Doctor stranded on Earth in exile, where he worked as a scientific advisor to the international military group UNIT. Within the story, the Third Doctor came into existence as part of a punishment from his own race, the Time Lords, who forced him to regenerate and also disabled his TARDIS. Eventually, this restriction is lifted and the Third Doctor embarks on more traditional time travel and space exploration stories. His initial companion is UNIT scientist Liz Shaw (Caroline John), who unceremoniously leaves the Doctor's company between episodes to be replaced by the more wide-eyed Jo Grant (Katy Manning), who then continues to accompany the Doctor after he regains use of his TARDIS. His final companion was intrepid journalist Sarah Jane Smith (Elisabeth Sladen). The Third Doctor was a suave, dapper, technologically oriented, and authoritative man of action who practised Venusian Aikido. A keen scientist, he maintained a laboratory at UNIT where he enjoyed working on gadgets in his TARDIS. In his spare time, he was fond of motoring, handling all manner of vehicles.", "When Pauline and Kathy reply that it is 2013, another time jump occurs. In 1973, Pauline and Kathy remember the assassination of President Kennedy, while Kathy tells off a young Ian Beale. The Sixth Doctor and Susan Foreman appear, but she wonders what has happened to 'her' Doctor, the First. After another time jump to 2013, Susan changes into Sarah Jane Smith and the Doctor changes from the Sixth to the Third Doctor. They start to piece together what is happening to them, but the Rani lets loose her menagerie of specimens, including a Cyberman, Fifi (from \"The Happiness Patrol\"), a Sea Devil, an Ogron and a Time Lord from Gallifrey in the next time jump. In 1993, the Fifth Doctor, Nyssa and Peri are attacked by the Rani's menagerie, and after they tried to warn Pat Butcher of the danger, the Rani stops them outside the Queen Vic. In 1993, after the Fifth Doctor changed to the Third Doctor in the next time jump, with Liz Shaw, the Rani took control of Liz's mind. As Mandy Salter tries to stop the Rani, Captain Mike Yates of UNIT comes in Bessie to save the Third Doctor and get him to The Brigadier who is waiting for them. After another time jump, the Doctor changed to the Sixth Doctor and after he says goodbye to the Brigadier time jumps again. In 1993, at the Arches, Phil and Grant Mitchell find Romana looking for the Doctor, but they point her to Dr. Harold Legg. As Romana walks past the Queen Vic, the Rani captures her, in front of Frank Butcher. Back in 1973, the Third Doctor explains to Victoria Waterfield who the Rani was and thinks that her control is breaking down, as they return to the TARDIS."], "answer": {"text": "The Third Doctor (Jon Pertwee) convinces the Master to stop this plan at the last minute,", "answer_start": 170}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_0b63ef593dd04e27997b22d2c4496eae_1_q#2", "question": "Who is The Master?", "rewrite": "Who is The Master in Encounters with the Third Doctor?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["When Pauline and Kathy reply that it is 2013, another time jump occurs. In 1973, Pauline and Kathy remember the assassination of President Kennedy, while Kathy tells off a young Ian Beale. The Sixth Doctor and Susan Foreman appear, but she wonders what has happened to 'her' Doctor, the First. After another time jump to 2013, Susan changes into Sarah Jane Smith and the Doctor changes from the Sixth to the Third Doctor. They start to piece together what is happening to them, but the Rani lets loose her menagerie of specimens, including a Cyberman, Fifi (from \"The Happiness Patrol\"), a Sea Devil, an Ogron and a Time Lord from Gallifrey in the next time jump. In 1993, the Fifth Doctor, Nyssa and Peri are attacked by the Rani's menagerie, and after they tried to warn Pat Butcher of the danger, the Rani stops them outside the Queen Vic. In 1993, after the Fifth Doctor changed to the Third Doctor in the next time jump, with Liz Shaw, the Rani took control of Liz's mind. As Mandy Salter tries to stop the Rani, Captain Mike Yates of UNIT comes in Bessie to save the Third Doctor and get him to The Brigadier who is waiting for them. After another time jump, the Doctor changed to the Sixth Doctor and after he says goodbye to the Brigadier time jumps again. In 1993, at the Arches, Phil and Grant Mitchell find Romana looking for the Doctor, but they point her to Dr. Harold Legg. As Romana walks past the Queen Vic, the Rani captures her, in front of Frank Butcher. Back in 1973, the Third Doctor explains to Victoria Waterfield who the Rani was and thinks that her control is breaking down, as they return to the TARDIS.", "The series logo introduced in 1970 and used for the first four seasons of Pertwee's tenure would later be used again, in modified form, as the logo for the 1996 Doctor Who TV movie. This version subsequently became the official \"Doctor Who\" logo, most notably with regards to products connected to the Eighth Doctor. With the introduction of a new official series logo in 2005, the 1996 logo continued to be used by Big Finish Productions as the logo for all pre-2005 series material including books and audio dramas, and by the BBC on DVD releases of episodes from the 1963\u201389 series, books and audio. The Third Doctor appeared again in the 20th anniversary special \"The Five Doctors\", broadcast in 1983. A stage play, \" Doctor Who \u2013 The Ultimate Adventure\", was produced in 1989, starring Jon Pertwee (occasionally replaced by an understudy then later, until the end of the production run, by Colin Baker as the Sixth Doctor). In 1993, he played the role again for the 30th Anniversary charity special \"Dimensions in Time\", and in the audio drama \"The Paradise of Death\". Months before his death, he played the Doctor for the final time in the audio drama \" The Ghosts of N-Space\". From 2015, Big Finish had produced a new series of audio drama adventures featuring the Third Doctor titled \"\", with actor Tim Treloar voicing the role. Visions of the Third Doctor appear in \"The Brain of Morbius\", \"Mawdryn Undead\", and \"Resurrection of the Daleks\". A portrait of him is seen in \"Timelash\". A brief clip of the Third Doctor taken from \"Terror of the Autons\" appears in \"The Next Doctor\", another appears in \"The Sarah Jane Adventures\" serial \"", "Third Doctor The Third Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor, the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television series \" Doctor Who\". He was portrayed by actor Jon Pertwee. Within the series' narrative, the Doctor is a centuries-old Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey who travels in time and space in his TARDIS, frequently with companions. At the end of life, the Doctor can regenerate his body; as a result, his physical appearance and personality change. Pertwee portrays the third such incarnation, a dapper man of action of stark contrast to his wily but less action-oriented predecessors. While previous Doctors' stories had all involved time and space travel, for production reasons Pertwee's stories initially depicted the Doctor stranded on Earth in exile, where he worked as a scientific advisor to the international military group UNIT. Within the story, the Third Doctor came into existence as part of a punishment from his own race, the Time Lords, who forced him to regenerate and also disabled his TARDIS. Eventually, this restriction is lifted and the Third Doctor embarks on more traditional time travel and space exploration stories. His initial companion is UNIT scientist Liz Shaw (Caroline John), who unceremoniously leaves the Doctor's company between episodes to be replaced by the more wide-eyed Jo Grant (Katy Manning), who then continues to accompany the Doctor after he regains use of his TARDIS. His final companion was intrepid journalist Sarah Jane Smith (Elisabeth Sladen). The Third Doctor was a suave, dapper, technologically oriented, and authoritative man of action who practised Venusian Aikido. A keen scientist, he maintained a laboratory at UNIT where he enjoyed working on gadgets in his TARDIS. In his spare time, he was fond of motoring, handling all manner of vehicles.", "Third Doctor comic stories The Third Doctor comic stories is a range of offscreen adventures featuring the third incarnation of the Doctor, the protagonist of the hit sc-fi series, Doctor Who. During the early 1970s, the adventures of the Third Doctor in comic mainly ran in two similar formats, TV Comic and Countdown, and as with every incarnation of the Doctor, the Third Doctor featured in Doctor Who Annuals. Due to the Third Doctor's exile on Earth for most of his tenure, these comics are notable for including UNIT in a large number of stories, in particular, UNIT's founder and the Doctor's sidekick, The Brigadier, with adventures featuring just them as principal characters being set between \"Inferno\" and \"Terror of the Autons\". Following The Three Doctors, which saw the Doctor's exile lifted, the comics were allowed to expand, taking the Doctor on new adventures across time and space. Sub-Zero (featuring the Daleks)", "Whereas Pertwee obtained it during his service in the Royal Navy, an in-universe reason for it was eventually provided in the New Adventures novel \"Christmas on a Rational Planet\" as being a Time Lord symbol signifying exile, removed once the Doctor's exile was formally ended following the events of \"The Three Doctors\". The Third Doctor stories were the first to be broadcast in colour. The early ones were set on Earth due to cost constraints on the series. To explain this, the Second Doctor was banished to Earth by his people, the Time Lords, and forced to regenerate. On Earth, he worked with the Brigadier and the rest of the UNIT team. However, as his tenure progressed he had reasons to leave Earth, on occasions being sent on missions by the Time Lords. Eventually, after his defeat of the renegade Omega in \"The Three Doctors\", he was granted complete freedom by the Time Lords in gratitude for saving Gallifrey. The Third Doctor's era introduced adversaries including the Autons, the Master, Omega, the Sontarans, the Silurians, and the Sea Devils. The Daleks returned after a five-year absence about halfway through Pertwee's run. The Third Doctor was the only one from the classic series not to have a story featuring the Cybermen (although they were seen briefly in \"The Mind of Evil\" and \"Carnival of Monsters\"), but he did eventually encounter them during \"The Five Doctors\". A catchphrase used during the Third Doctor's era was \"reverse the polarity of the neutron flow\". The phrase was Pertwee's way of dealing with the technobabble that he was required to speak as the Doctor. Terrance Dicks recalls that he had used the line in a script, and Pertwee approached him about the line."], "answer": {"text": "The Master, played by Roger Delgado,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Encounters with the Third Doctor?", "answer": {"text": "The Third Doctor (Jon Pertwee) convinces the Master to stop this plan at the last minute,", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who encounters the Third Doctor?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0b63ef593dd04e27997b22d2c4496eae_1_q#3", "question": "Is there anything interesting about this article?", "rewrite": "Is there anything interesting about this article, Encounters with the Third Doctor?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Third Doctor The Third Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor, the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television series \" Doctor Who\". He was portrayed by actor Jon Pertwee. Within the series' narrative, the Doctor is a centuries-old Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey who travels in time and space in his TARDIS, frequently with companions. At the end of life, the Doctor can regenerate his body; as a result, his physical appearance and personality change. Pertwee portrays the third such incarnation, a dapper man of action of stark contrast to his wily but less action-oriented predecessors. While previous Doctors' stories had all involved time and space travel, for production reasons Pertwee's stories initially depicted the Doctor stranded on Earth in exile, where he worked as a scientific advisor to the international military group UNIT. Within the story, the Third Doctor came into existence as part of a punishment from his own race, the Time Lords, who forced him to regenerate and also disabled his TARDIS. Eventually, this restriction is lifted and the Third Doctor embarks on more traditional time travel and space exploration stories. His initial companion is UNIT scientist Liz Shaw (Caroline John), who unceremoniously leaves the Doctor's company between episodes to be replaced by the more wide-eyed Jo Grant (Katy Manning), who then continues to accompany the Doctor after he regains use of his TARDIS. His final companion was intrepid journalist Sarah Jane Smith (Elisabeth Sladen). The Third Doctor was a suave, dapper, technologically oriented, and authoritative man of action who practised Venusian Aikido. A keen scientist, he maintained a laboratory at UNIT where he enjoyed working on gadgets in his TARDIS. In his spare time, he was fond of motoring, handling all manner of vehicles.", "Whereas Pertwee obtained it during his service in the Royal Navy, an in-universe reason for it was eventually provided in the New Adventures novel \"Christmas on a Rational Planet\" as being a Time Lord symbol signifying exile, removed once the Doctor's exile was formally ended following the events of \"The Three Doctors\". The Third Doctor stories were the first to be broadcast in colour. The early ones were set on Earth due to cost constraints on the series. To explain this, the Second Doctor was banished to Earth by his people, the Time Lords, and forced to regenerate. On Earth, he worked with the Brigadier and the rest of the UNIT team. However, as his tenure progressed he had reasons to leave Earth, on occasions being sent on missions by the Time Lords. Eventually, after his defeat of the renegade Omega in \"The Three Doctors\", he was granted complete freedom by the Time Lords in gratitude for saving Gallifrey. The Third Doctor's era introduced adversaries including the Autons, the Master, Omega, the Sontarans, the Silurians, and the Sea Devils. The Daleks returned after a five-year absence about halfway through Pertwee's run. The Third Doctor was the only one from the classic series not to have a story featuring the Cybermen (although they were seen briefly in \"The Mind of Evil\" and \"Carnival of Monsters\"), but he did eventually encounter them during \"The Five Doctors\". A catchphrase used during the Third Doctor's era was \"reverse the polarity of the neutron flow\". The phrase was Pertwee's way of dealing with the technobabble that he was required to speak as the Doctor. Terrance Dicks recalls that he had used the line in a script, and Pertwee approached him about the line.", "Third Doctor comic stories The Third Doctor comic stories is a range of offscreen adventures featuring the third incarnation of the Doctor, the protagonist of the hit sc-fi series, Doctor Who. During the early 1970s, the adventures of the Third Doctor in comic mainly ran in two similar formats, TV Comic and Countdown, and as with every incarnation of the Doctor, the Third Doctor featured in Doctor Who Annuals. Due to the Third Doctor's exile on Earth for most of his tenure, these comics are notable for including UNIT in a large number of stories, in particular, UNIT's founder and the Doctor's sidekick, The Brigadier, with adventures featuring just them as principal characters being set between \"Inferno\" and \"Terror of the Autons\". Following The Three Doctors, which saw the Doctor's exile lifted, the comics were allowed to expand, taking the Doctor on new adventures across time and space. Sub-Zero (featuring the Daleks)", "When Pauline and Kathy reply that it is 2013, another time jump occurs. In 1973, Pauline and Kathy remember the assassination of President Kennedy, while Kathy tells off a young Ian Beale. The Sixth Doctor and Susan Foreman appear, but she wonders what has happened to 'her' Doctor, the First. After another time jump to 2013, Susan changes into Sarah Jane Smith and the Doctor changes from the Sixth to the Third Doctor. They start to piece together what is happening to them, but the Rani lets loose her menagerie of specimens, including a Cyberman, Fifi (from \"The Happiness Patrol\"), a Sea Devil, an Ogron and a Time Lord from Gallifrey in the next time jump. In 1993, the Fifth Doctor, Nyssa and Peri are attacked by the Rani's menagerie, and after they tried to warn Pat Butcher of the danger, the Rani stops them outside the Queen Vic. In 1993, after the Fifth Doctor changed to the Third Doctor in the next time jump, with Liz Shaw, the Rani took control of Liz's mind. As Mandy Salter tries to stop the Rani, Captain Mike Yates of UNIT comes in Bessie to save the Third Doctor and get him to The Brigadier who is waiting for them. After another time jump, the Doctor changed to the Sixth Doctor and after he says goodbye to the Brigadier time jumps again. In 1993, at the Arches, Phil and Grant Mitchell find Romana looking for the Doctor, but they point her to Dr. Harold Legg. As Romana walks past the Queen Vic, the Rani captures her, in front of Frank Butcher. Back in 1973, the Third Doctor explains to Victoria Waterfield who the Rani was and thinks that her control is breaking down, as they return to the TARDIS.", "The series logo introduced in 1970 and used for the first four seasons of Pertwee's tenure would later be used again, in modified form, as the logo for the 1996 Doctor Who TV movie. This version subsequently became the official \"Doctor Who\" logo, most notably with regards to products connected to the Eighth Doctor. With the introduction of a new official series logo in 2005, the 1996 logo continued to be used by Big Finish Productions as the logo for all pre-2005 series material including books and audio dramas, and by the BBC on DVD releases of episodes from the 1963\u201389 series, books and audio. The Third Doctor appeared again in the 20th anniversary special \"The Five Doctors\", broadcast in 1983. A stage play, \" Doctor Who \u2013 The Ultimate Adventure\", was produced in 1989, starring Jon Pertwee (occasionally replaced by an understudy then later, until the end of the production run, by Colin Baker as the Sixth Doctor). In 1993, he played the role again for the 30th Anniversary charity special \"Dimensions in Time\", and in the audio drama \"The Paradise of Death\". Months before his death, he played the Doctor for the final time in the audio drama \" The Ghosts of N-Space\". From 2015, Big Finish had produced a new series of audio drama adventures featuring the Third Doctor titled \"\", with actor Tim Treloar voicing the role. Visions of the Third Doctor appear in \"The Brain of Morbius\", \"Mawdryn Undead\", and \"Resurrection of the Daleks\". A portrait of him is seen in \"Timelash\". A brief clip of the Third Doctor taken from \"Terror of the Autons\" appears in \"The Next Doctor\", another appears in \"The Sarah Jane Adventures\" serial \""], "answer": {"text": "In The Sea Devils (1972), the Master is shown to be imprisoned on an island prison off the coast of England.", "answer_start": 1032}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Encounters with the Third Doctor?", "answer": {"text": "The Third Doctor (Jon Pertwee) convinces the Master to stop this plan at the last minute,", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who encounters the Third Doctor?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is The Master?", "answer": {"text": "The Master, played by Roger Delgado,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0b63ef593dd04e27997b22d2c4496eae_1_q#4", "question": "Why is he imprisoned?", "rewrite": "Why is the Master imprisoned in Encounters with the Third Doctor?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The series logo introduced in 1970 and used for the first four seasons of Pertwee's tenure would later be used again, in modified form, as the logo for the 1996 Doctor Who TV movie. This version subsequently became the official \"Doctor Who\" logo, most notably with regards to products connected to the Eighth Doctor. With the introduction of a new official series logo in 2005, the 1996 logo continued to be used by Big Finish Productions as the logo for all pre-2005 series material including books and audio dramas, and by the BBC on DVD releases of episodes from the 1963\u201389 series, books and audio. The Third Doctor appeared again in the 20th anniversary special \"The Five Doctors\", broadcast in 1983. A stage play, \" Doctor Who \u2013 The Ultimate Adventure\", was produced in 1989, starring Jon Pertwee (occasionally replaced by an understudy then later, until the end of the production run, by Colin Baker as the Sixth Doctor). In 1993, he played the role again for the 30th Anniversary charity special \"Dimensions in Time\", and in the audio drama \"The Paradise of Death\". Months before his death, he played the Doctor for the final time in the audio drama \" The Ghosts of N-Space\". From 2015, Big Finish had produced a new series of audio drama adventures featuring the Third Doctor titled \"\", with actor Tim Treloar voicing the role. Visions of the Third Doctor appear in \"The Brain of Morbius\", \"Mawdryn Undead\", and \"Resurrection of the Daleks\". A portrait of him is seen in \"Timelash\". A brief clip of the Third Doctor taken from \"Terror of the Autons\" appears in \"The Next Doctor\", another appears in \"The Sarah Jane Adventures\" serial \"", "Whereas Pertwee obtained it during his service in the Royal Navy, an in-universe reason for it was eventually provided in the New Adventures novel \"Christmas on a Rational Planet\" as being a Time Lord symbol signifying exile, removed once the Doctor's exile was formally ended following the events of \"The Three Doctors\". The Third Doctor stories were the first to be broadcast in colour. The early ones were set on Earth due to cost constraints on the series. To explain this, the Second Doctor was banished to Earth by his people, the Time Lords, and forced to regenerate. On Earth, he worked with the Brigadier and the rest of the UNIT team. However, as his tenure progressed he had reasons to leave Earth, on occasions being sent on missions by the Time Lords. Eventually, after his defeat of the renegade Omega in \"The Three Doctors\", he was granted complete freedom by the Time Lords in gratitude for saving Gallifrey. The Third Doctor's era introduced adversaries including the Autons, the Master, Omega, the Sontarans, the Silurians, and the Sea Devils. The Daleks returned after a five-year absence about halfway through Pertwee's run. The Third Doctor was the only one from the classic series not to have a story featuring the Cybermen (although they were seen briefly in \"The Mind of Evil\" and \"Carnival of Monsters\"), but he did eventually encounter them during \"The Five Doctors\". A catchphrase used during the Third Doctor's era was \"reverse the polarity of the neutron flow\". The phrase was Pertwee's way of dealing with the technobabble that he was required to speak as the Doctor. Terrance Dicks recalls that he had used the line in a script, and Pertwee approached him about the line.", "Third Doctor The Third Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor, the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television series \" Doctor Who\". He was portrayed by actor Jon Pertwee. Within the series' narrative, the Doctor is a centuries-old Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey who travels in time and space in his TARDIS, frequently with companions. At the end of life, the Doctor can regenerate his body; as a result, his physical appearance and personality change. Pertwee portrays the third such incarnation, a dapper man of action of stark contrast to his wily but less action-oriented predecessors. While previous Doctors' stories had all involved time and space travel, for production reasons Pertwee's stories initially depicted the Doctor stranded on Earth in exile, where he worked as a scientific advisor to the international military group UNIT. Within the story, the Third Doctor came into existence as part of a punishment from his own race, the Time Lords, who forced him to regenerate and also disabled his TARDIS. Eventually, this restriction is lifted and the Third Doctor embarks on more traditional time travel and space exploration stories. His initial companion is UNIT scientist Liz Shaw (Caroline John), who unceremoniously leaves the Doctor's company between episodes to be replaced by the more wide-eyed Jo Grant (Katy Manning), who then continues to accompany the Doctor after he regains use of his TARDIS. His final companion was intrepid journalist Sarah Jane Smith (Elisabeth Sladen). The Third Doctor was a suave, dapper, technologically oriented, and authoritative man of action who practised Venusian Aikido. A keen scientist, he maintained a laboratory at UNIT where he enjoyed working on gadgets in his TARDIS. In his spare time, he was fond of motoring, handling all manner of vehicles.", "When Pauline and Kathy reply that it is 2013, another time jump occurs. In 1973, Pauline and Kathy remember the assassination of President Kennedy, while Kathy tells off a young Ian Beale. The Sixth Doctor and Susan Foreman appear, but she wonders what has happened to 'her' Doctor, the First. After another time jump to 2013, Susan changes into Sarah Jane Smith and the Doctor changes from the Sixth to the Third Doctor. They start to piece together what is happening to them, but the Rani lets loose her menagerie of specimens, including a Cyberman, Fifi (from \"The Happiness Patrol\"), a Sea Devil, an Ogron and a Time Lord from Gallifrey in the next time jump. In 1993, the Fifth Doctor, Nyssa and Peri are attacked by the Rani's menagerie, and after they tried to warn Pat Butcher of the danger, the Rani stops them outside the Queen Vic. In 1993, after the Fifth Doctor changed to the Third Doctor in the next time jump, with Liz Shaw, the Rani took control of Liz's mind. As Mandy Salter tries to stop the Rani, Captain Mike Yates of UNIT comes in Bessie to save the Third Doctor and get him to The Brigadier who is waiting for them. After another time jump, the Doctor changed to the Sixth Doctor and after he says goodbye to the Brigadier time jumps again. In 1993, at the Arches, Phil and Grant Mitchell find Romana looking for the Doctor, but they point her to Dr. Harold Legg. As Romana walks past the Queen Vic, the Rani captures her, in front of Frank Butcher. Back in 1973, the Third Doctor explains to Victoria Waterfield who the Rani was and thinks that her control is breaking down, as they return to the TARDIS.", "Third Doctor comic stories The Third Doctor comic stories is a range of offscreen adventures featuring the third incarnation of the Doctor, the protagonist of the hit sc-fi series, Doctor Who. During the early 1970s, the adventures of the Third Doctor in comic mainly ran in two similar formats, TV Comic and Countdown, and as with every incarnation of the Doctor, the Third Doctor featured in Doctor Who Annuals. Due to the Third Doctor's exile on Earth for most of his tenure, these comics are notable for including UNIT in a large number of stories, in particular, UNIT's founder and the Doctor's sidekick, The Brigadier, with adventures featuring just them as principal characters being set between \"Inferno\" and \"Terror of the Autons\". Following The Three Doctors, which saw the Doctor's exile lifted, the comics were allowed to expand, taking the Doctor on new adventures across time and space. Sub-Zero (featuring the Daleks)"], "answer": {"text": "He convinces the governor of the prison, Colonel Trenchard (Clive Morton), to help him steal electronics from", "answer_start": 1141}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Encounters with the Third Doctor?", "answer": {"text": "The Third Doctor (Jon Pertwee) convinces the Master to stop this plan at the last minute,", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who encounters the Third Doctor?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is The Master?", "answer": {"text": "The Master, played by Roger Delgado,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything interesting about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In The Sea Devils (1972), the Master is shown to be imprisoned on an island prison off the coast of England.", "answer_start": 1032, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0b63ef593dd04e27997b22d2c4496eae_1_q#5", "question": "Who does he steal electronics from?", "rewrite": "Who does the Master steal electronics from?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Master, played by Roger Delgado, makes his first appearance in Terror of the Autons (1971), where he allies with the Nestene Consciousness to help them invade Earth. The Third Doctor (Jon Pertwee) convinces the Master to stop this plan at the last minute, and the Master subsequently escapes, albeit with his TARDIS, a space-time ship, left non-functioning after the Doctor confiscates the ship's dematerialisation circuit. Having become a main character in the show's eighth season, the Master reappears in The Mind of Evil, where he regains his TARDIS' circuit from the Doctor after attempting to launch a nerve gas missile that would initiate World War III. After another incursion on Earth in The Claws of Axos, and failing to hold the galaxy to ransom using a doomsday weapon on the planet Uxarieus in the year 2472 in Colony in Space, in The Daemons the Master is finally captured on Earth by the organisation UNIT after Jo Grant (Katy Manning) prevents the alien Azal (Stephen Thorne) from gifting the Master his powers. In The Sea Devils (1972), the Master is shown to be imprisoned on an island prison off the coast of England. He convinces the governor of the prison, Colonel Trenchard (Clive Morton), to help him steal electronics from HMS Seaspite, the nearby naval base, which helps the Master contact the reptilian Sea Devils, the former rulers of Earth, so he can help them retake the planet from humanity. The Master convinces the Doctor to help him build machinery that would bring the Sea Devils out of their millions of years of hibernation, but the Doctor sabotages the device by overloading it, destroying the Sea Devil base and preventing war between humanity and reptiles. The Master subsequently escapes in a hovercraft.", "Sometime later, he was shown to have created the MOUSERS to steal electronics, but when they interfered with the Foot Clan's new plan to kill the Turtles, Stockman was brought before Shredder and his life was eventually spared in exchange for his services. But Stockman didn't really fit in with the Foot and became tired of being harassed and threatened by Dogpound and Fishface, so he trapped them and the Turtles in a deadly maze. He was defeated when both groups unexpectedly joined forces against him, and he fled the Foot Clan. During his time solo, Stockman secured a large amount of mutagen for creating a mutant army for himself. This, however, was until he was sought out by Karai to be taken back into the Foot when he was cornered by Dogpound, who was then promised to be retro-mutated despite his mutation into Rahzar. As a precautionary measure, Rahzar placed a collar containing miniature mutagen vials around Stockman's neck in case he attempted another betrayal. Shredder became very wary of his poor progress of making effective mutants for his army after his 74th attempt with a duck and activated the mutagen collar on him. As the result of a housefly landing on his nose before the collar exploded, Stockman mutated into a humanoid mutant housefly with a lobster claw for a right hand, a vertical mouth releasing an acidic spit, heightened hearing and superhuman flight speed. Planning to make himself more human, he kidnapped April and threatened to merge with her through mutagen and become one unless Donatello hands over the retro-mutagen he developed so Stockman can retro-mutate himself. However, because of April's Kraang-altered genetic code, she was immune to the mutagen and after a chase through the city for retro-mutagen", "Again an African American inventor, in this incarnation, there is a running gag where his first and/or last name is purposely mispronounced either by the Turtles or the Shredder's minions. In the series, Stockman explained that he always had an evil streak in his heart as a child prodigy being pushed around by his classmates, so he decided to make himself an amazing intellect by presenting a volcano with real lava at the school science fair. To his dismay, however, that resulted with the entire gym burning down and him getting expelled. As an adult, he tried re-developing his intellect by getting a job as an inventor at TCRI, but was fired for an incident involving spilled copier toner, so he vowed revenge on his classmates and co-workers for making a mockery of him and his failing intellect. He first appeared in \"I Think His Name Was Baxter Stockman,\" where he was seen trying to break into a building in a shriveled suit of armor. The Turtles stopped him, but Stockman came into possession of Donatello's T-Pod (which has a military-grade artificial intelligence chip) and incorporated it into his armor. This results with the armor upgrading itself into a larger size, proving him a competent threat to the Turtles, who still expressed sympathy for the hapless scientist. During \"Mousers Attack,\" he was shown to have created the Mousers to steal electronics from underground. But when they interfered with the Foot Clan's new plan to kill the Turtles, he was captured by Dogpound and brought before Shredder, who forced him to join the Foot Clan, believing his genius to be a useful asset.", "The Master, played by Roger Delgado, makes his first appearance in Terror of the Autons (1971), where he allies with the Nestene Consciousness to help them invade Earth. The Third Doctor (Jon Pertwee) convinces the Master to stop this plan at the last minute, and the Master subsequently escapes, albeit with his TARDIS, a space-time ship, left non-functioning after the Doctor confiscates the ship's dematerialisation circuit. Having become a main character in the show's eighth season, the Master reappears in The Mind of Evil, where he regains his TARDIS' circuit from the Doctor after attempting to launch a nerve gas missile that would initiate World War III. After another incursion on Earth in The Claws of Axos, and failing to hold the galaxy to ransom using a doomsday weapon on the planet Uxarieus in the year 2472 in Colony in Space, in The Daemons the Master is finally captured on Earth by the organisation UNIT after Jo Grant (Katy Manning) prevents the alien Azal (Stephen Thorne) from gifting the Master his powers. In The Sea Devils (1972), the Master is shown to be imprisoned on an island prison off the coast of England. He convinces the governor of the prison, Colonel Trenchard (Clive Morton), to help him steal electronics from HMS Seaspite, the nearby naval base, which helps the Master contact the reptilian Sea Devils, the former rulers of Earth, so he can help them retake the planet from humanity. The Master convinces the Doctor to help him build machinery that would bring the Sea Devils out of their millions of years of hibernation, but the Doctor sabotages the device by overloading it, destroying the Sea Devil base and preventing war between humanity and reptiles. The Master subsequently escapes in a hovercraft.", "Alan Crowe Edward \"Alan\" Crowe MLC, FCIS, ACIB (born 1 September 1940) is a former Manx politician and former teacher, who was successively a member of both branches of Tynwald in the Isle of Man. Born on 1 September 1940 to George Henry Crowe and Esther Annie Crowe (n\u00e9e Caley), he was educated at Ramsey Grammar School and Loughborough Training College. He was awarded a teaching diploma, and taught initially in England and then in Canada. He then embarked upon a banking career, initially with the Isle of Man Bank, and became the Company Secretary and Executive Director of various companies, including Eagle Star (International Life). He is also a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators, a Chartered Company Secretary and an Associate of the Chartered Institute of Bankers. He contested Douglas North unsuccessfully in the 1991 General Election, but was elected Member of the House of Keys for that constituency in a 1995 by-election. He was elevated to the Legislative Council of the Isle of Man in 1998, and remained there until his retirement in 2003. He returned to the Council from 2007 to 2015. Crowe is married to Dorothy (n\u00e9e Wagstaff), they have two children."], "answer": {"text": "which helps the Master contact the reptilian Sea Devils,", "answer_start": 1288}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Encounters with the Third Doctor?", "answer": {"text": "The Third Doctor (Jon Pertwee) convinces the Master to stop this plan at the last minute,", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who encounters the Third Doctor?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is The Master?", "answer": {"text": "The Master, played by Roger Delgado,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything interesting about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In The Sea Devils (1972), the Master is shown to be imprisoned on an island prison off the coast of England.", "answer_start": 1032, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why is he imprisoned?", "answer": {"text": "He convinces the governor of the prison, Colonel Trenchard (Clive Morton), to help him steal electronics from", "answer_start": 1141, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_19f75daf1ddd412aa043fe06c0bdf89c_1_q#0", "question": "Can you provide some information on domestic management by Lillian Moller Gilbreth?", "rewrite": "Can you provide some information on domestic management by Lillian Moller Gilbreth?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["He and Lillian founded a management consulting firm, Gilbreth, Inc., focusing on such endeavors. They were involved in the development of the design for the Simmons Hardware Company's Sioux City Warehouse. The architects had specified that hundreds of hardened concrete piles were to be driven in to allow the soft ground to take the weight of two million bricks required to construct the building. The \"Time and Motion\" approach could be applied to the bricklaying and the transportation. The building was also required to support efficient input and output of deliveries via its own railroad switching facilities. Gilbreth, one of the founders of industrial engineering, used \"cost-plus-a-fixed sum\" contracts in his building contracting business. He described this method in an article in Industrial Magazine in 1907, comparing it to fixed price and guaranteed maximum price methods. Gilbreth married Lillian Evelyn Moller on October 19, 1904, in Oakland, California; they had 12 children. Their names were Anne Moller Gilbreth Barney (1905-1987), Mary Elizabeth Gilbreth (1906\u20131912), Ernestine Moller Gilbreth Carey (1908-2006), Martha Bunker Gilbreth Tallman (1909-1968), Frank Bunker Gilbreth Jr. (1911-2001), William Moller Gilbreth (1912-1990), Lillian Gilbreth Johnson (1914-2001), Frederick Moller Gilbreth (1916-2015), Daniel Bunker Gilbreth (1917-2006), John Moller Gilbreth (1919-2002), Robert Moller Gilbreth (1920-2007), and Jane Moller Gilbreth Heppes (1922-2006); there was also a stillborn daughter (1915) who was not named. Gilbreth died of a heart attack on June 14, 1924, at age 55.", "Ernestine Gilbreth Carey Ernestine Moller Gilbreth, Mrs. Carey (April 5, 1908 \u2013 November 4, 2006) was an American author. Born in New York City, Ernestine Gilbreth was the daughter of Lillian Moller Gilbreth and Frank Bunker Gilbreth, early 20th-century pioneers of time and motion study and what would now be called organizational behavior. She grew up in Montclair, New Jersey, with 11 siblings. Gilbreth Carey and one of her younger brothers, Frank Gilbreth Jr., chronicled the upbringing of the 12 Gilbreth children in their successful comic memoir \"Cheaper by the Dozen\" (1948), which was adapted as an eponymous 1950 film. The pair followed up with a successful sequel, \"Belles on Their Toes\" (1950), which was adapted as an eponymous 1952 film. Ernestine graduated from Smith College and worked as a department store buyer and manager for 14 years. In 1930, she married Charles Everett (\"Chick\") Carey Sr., with whom she had two children, Lillian Carey Barley (b. 1938) and Charles Everett Carey Jr. (b. 1942). She was the author of several other books, including \"Rings Around Us\", an account of the events that happened from the night she met her future husband, to the night the two watched their daughter dance the Charleston as a high school freshman. Ernestine was also very active in an anti-censorship group, Right to Read. She gathered biographical information about her parents; a collection of her papers has been preserved. Carey resided in Reedley, California. She died of natural causes in Fresno, California, aged 98, on November 4, 2006.", "Robert Moller Gilbreth Robert Moller Gilbreth (July 4, 1920 \u2013 July 27, 2007) was an American educator, businessman, and politician. Gilbreth was born in Nantucket, Massachusetts. His parents were Frank Bunker Gilbreth Sr. and Lillian Moller Gilbreth. He went to the Montclair, New Jersey public schools. He received his bachelor's degree from the University of North Carolina in 1943 and his master's degree in education from Plymouth State University. Gilbreth also went to the University of Massachusetts for graduate studies. He taught school in Nantucket, Massachusetts and owned the Anchor Inn with his wife on Nantucket Island. Gilbreth then taught school and served as a principal for the Franklin, New Hampshire Junior and Senior High Schools. Gilbreth served as the \"Franklin Telegram\" newspaper part-time reporter. In 1984, Gilbreth served in the New Hampshire Constitutional Convention on 1984. He also served on the Franklin School Board from 1980 to 1987. From 1985 to 1994, Gilbreth served in the New Hampshire House of Representatives. In 1985, Gilbreth opposed a bill in the legislature that human life begins at conception. Gilbreth did not agree with women who wanted abortions. However, he felt counseling was needed. In 2007, Gilbreth died from cancer at the Franklin Regional Hospital in Franklin, New Hampshire.", "Belles on Their Toes Belles on Their Toes is a 1950 autobiographical book written by the siblings Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Jr. and Ernestine Gilbreth Carey. It is the follow-up to their book \"Cheaper by the Dozen\" (1948), which covered the period before Frank Gilbreth, Sr. died. It was adapted as a film in 1952. The title alludes both to a line in the nursery rhyme \"Ride a cock horse to Banbury Cross\" (i.e., \"Rings on her fingers and bells on her toes\") and to the marriages of the Gilbreth sisters: \"It was apparent that in order to get rings on their fingers, belles would have to be on their toes.\" \"Belles on Their Toes\" was written about the Gilbreth family after Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Sr.'s death, and how they survived as their mother, Lillian Moller Gilbreth, continued the pioneering work in industrial engineering, time and motion studies, and industrial/organizational psychology she had shared with her husband. This book is also the first place where the absence of the second oldest child, Mary Gilbreth, is explained; she died of diphtheria in 1912, at age five. Ernestine and Frank decided to share the royalties from the books and movies evenly among their mother and siblings. \"Belles on Their Toes\" was made into a 1952 motion picture starring Myrna Loy as Lillian Gilbreth.", "Gilbreth, Inc. Gilbreth, Inc. was the early management consulting and industrial engineering firm of Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Sr. and his wife Lillian Moller Gilbreth. It was founded as Frank B. Gilbreth, Inc., consulting engineers, in 1911. Lillian renamed it Gilbreth, Inc. after Frank's death in 1924. The firm's methodology focused on efficiency through a \"Time and Motion\" approach, better known as motion studies. Its analysis and reports included reduction of effort and fatigue, with precursors to ergonomics. The resulting recommendations focused on \"one best way,\" an approach at odds with the later quality improvement movement. The Gilbreth approach also diverged from Taylorism, another early business/work efficiency model, primarily in its consideration of human factors. Gilbreth Inc.'s innovations were largely due to the marriage of engineering and industrial psychology reflected from the marriage of its founders, who were respective experts in these fields. In 1904 the firm moved to New York City, in 1912 to Providence, Rhode Island, and in 1919 to Montclair, New Jersey. The company continued until Lillian Gilbreth's retirement in the 1960s."], "answer": {"text": "Gilbreth shifted her efforts toward research projects in the female-friendly arena of domestic management and home economics.", "answer_start": 1140}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_19f75daf1ddd412aa043fe06c0bdf89c_1_q#1", "question": "What was domestic management about?", "rewrite": "What was domestic management by Lillian Moller Gilbreth about?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ernestine Gilbreth Carey Ernestine Moller Gilbreth, Mrs. Carey (April 5, 1908 \u2013 November 4, 2006) was an American author. Born in New York City, Ernestine Gilbreth was the daughter of Lillian Moller Gilbreth and Frank Bunker Gilbreth, early 20th-century pioneers of time and motion study and what would now be called organizational behavior. She grew up in Montclair, New Jersey, with 11 siblings. Gilbreth Carey and one of her younger brothers, Frank Gilbreth Jr., chronicled the upbringing of the 12 Gilbreth children in their successful comic memoir \"Cheaper by the Dozen\" (1948), which was adapted as an eponymous 1950 film. The pair followed up with a successful sequel, \"Belles on Their Toes\" (1950), which was adapted as an eponymous 1952 film. Ernestine graduated from Smith College and worked as a department store buyer and manager for 14 years. In 1930, she married Charles Everett (\"Chick\") Carey Sr., with whom she had two children, Lillian Carey Barley (b. 1938) and Charles Everett Carey Jr. (b. 1942). She was the author of several other books, including \"Rings Around Us\", an account of the events that happened from the night she met her future husband, to the night the two watched their daughter dance the Charleston as a high school freshman. Ernestine was also very active in an anti-censorship group, Right to Read. She gathered biographical information about her parents; a collection of her papers has been preserved. Carey resided in Reedley, California. She died of natural causes in Fresno, California, aged 98, on November 4, 2006.", "He and Lillian founded a management consulting firm, Gilbreth, Inc., focusing on such endeavors. They were involved in the development of the design for the Simmons Hardware Company's Sioux City Warehouse. The architects had specified that hundreds of hardened concrete piles were to be driven in to allow the soft ground to take the weight of two million bricks required to construct the building. The \"Time and Motion\" approach could be applied to the bricklaying and the transportation. The building was also required to support efficient input and output of deliveries via its own railroad switching facilities. Gilbreth, one of the founders of industrial engineering, used \"cost-plus-a-fixed sum\" contracts in his building contracting business. He described this method in an article in Industrial Magazine in 1907, comparing it to fixed price and guaranteed maximum price methods. Gilbreth married Lillian Evelyn Moller on October 19, 1904, in Oakland, California; they had 12 children. Their names were Anne Moller Gilbreth Barney (1905-1987), Mary Elizabeth Gilbreth (1906\u20131912), Ernestine Moller Gilbreth Carey (1908-2006), Martha Bunker Gilbreth Tallman (1909-1968), Frank Bunker Gilbreth Jr. (1911-2001), William Moller Gilbreth (1912-1990), Lillian Gilbreth Johnson (1914-2001), Frederick Moller Gilbreth (1916-2015), Daniel Bunker Gilbreth (1917-2006), John Moller Gilbreth (1919-2002), Robert Moller Gilbreth (1920-2007), and Jane Moller Gilbreth Heppes (1922-2006); there was also a stillborn daughter (1915) who was not named. Gilbreth died of a heart attack on June 14, 1924, at age 55.", "Gilbreth, Inc. Gilbreth, Inc. was the early management consulting and industrial engineering firm of Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Sr. and his wife Lillian Moller Gilbreth. It was founded as Frank B. Gilbreth, Inc., consulting engineers, in 1911. Lillian renamed it Gilbreth, Inc. after Frank's death in 1924. The firm's methodology focused on efficiency through a \"Time and Motion\" approach, better known as motion studies. Its analysis and reports included reduction of effort and fatigue, with precursors to ergonomics. The resulting recommendations focused on \"one best way,\" an approach at odds with the later quality improvement movement. The Gilbreth approach also diverged from Taylorism, another early business/work efficiency model, primarily in its consideration of human factors. Gilbreth Inc.'s innovations were largely due to the marriage of engineering and industrial psychology reflected from the marriage of its founders, who were respective experts in these fields. In 1904 the firm moved to New York City, in 1912 to Providence, Rhode Island, and in 1919 to Montclair, New Jersey. The company continued until Lillian Gilbreth's retirement in the 1960s.", "Belles on Their Toes Belles on Their Toes is a 1950 autobiographical book written by the siblings Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Jr. and Ernestine Gilbreth Carey. It is the follow-up to their book \"Cheaper by the Dozen\" (1948), which covered the period before Frank Gilbreth, Sr. died. It was adapted as a film in 1952. The title alludes both to a line in the nursery rhyme \"Ride a cock horse to Banbury Cross\" (i.e., \"Rings on her fingers and bells on her toes\") and to the marriages of the Gilbreth sisters: \"It was apparent that in order to get rings on their fingers, belles would have to be on their toes.\" \"Belles on Their Toes\" was written about the Gilbreth family after Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Sr.'s death, and how they survived as their mother, Lillian Moller Gilbreth, continued the pioneering work in industrial engineering, time and motion studies, and industrial/organizational psychology she had shared with her husband. This book is also the first place where the absence of the second oldest child, Mary Gilbreth, is explained; she died of diphtheria in 1912, at age five. Ernestine and Frank decided to share the royalties from the books and movies evenly among their mother and siblings. \"Belles on Their Toes\" was made into a 1952 motion picture starring Myrna Loy as Lillian Gilbreth.", "Robert Moller Gilbreth Robert Moller Gilbreth (July 4, 1920 \u2013 July 27, 2007) was an American educator, businessman, and politician. Gilbreth was born in Nantucket, Massachusetts. His parents were Frank Bunker Gilbreth Sr. and Lillian Moller Gilbreth. He went to the Montclair, New Jersey public schools. He received his bachelor's degree from the University of North Carolina in 1943 and his master's degree in education from Plymouth State University. Gilbreth also went to the University of Massachusetts for graduate studies. He taught school in Nantucket, Massachusetts and owned the Anchor Inn with his wife on Nantucket Island. Gilbreth then taught school and served as a principal for the Franklin, New Hampshire Junior and Senior High Schools. Gilbreth served as the \"Franklin Telegram\" newspaper part-time reporter. In 1984, Gilbreth served in the New Hampshire Constitutional Convention on 1984. He also served on the Franklin School Board from 1980 to 1987. From 1985 to 1994, Gilbreth served in the New Hampshire House of Representatives. In 1985, Gilbreth opposed a bill in the legislature that human life begins at conception. Gilbreth did not agree with women who wanted abortions. However, he felt counseling was needed. In 2007, Gilbreth died from cancer at the Franklin Regional Hospital in Franklin, New Hampshire."], "answer": {"text": "Gilbreth shifted her efforts toward research projects in the female-friendly arena of domestic management and home economics.", "answer_start": 1140}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you provide some information on domestic management by Lillian Moller Gilbreth?", "answer": {"text": "Gilbreth shifted her efforts toward research projects in the female-friendly arena of domestic management and home economics.", "answer_start": 1140, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_19f75daf1ddd412aa043fe06c0bdf89c_1_q#2", "question": "What's some important information regarding this?", "rewrite": "What's some important information regarding Domestic management and home economics?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["May Louise Cowles May Louise Cowles (September 25, 1892 \u2013 January 11, 1978) was an American economist, researcher, author, and advocate of Home Economics. She was a member of the faculty at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison from 1915\u20131958. She had many submissions published in the \"Journal of Home Economics\", the \"Journal of the American Dietetic Association\", and \"Rural Sociology\". She also produced several widely read pamphlets, including \"Meeting Housing Needs of Older People in Rural Areas (1957)\", and spoke at a string of national seminars to encourage the addition of family economics to home economics instruction across the United States. Cowles \"created some of the first family economics courses in the nation\" at the collegiate level. Cowles was born on September 25, 1892 in Sibley, Kansas. She attended Kansas State Agricultural College where she earned a B.S. in home economics in 1912 and entered the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison in 1915 to earn her master's degree in home economics. From 1926 to 1929, Cowles studied for her Ph.D. in economics at the University of Chicago. Her Ph.D. dissertation investigated the economics of clothing consumption and whether consumer behavior could be classified according to \"laws. \" One of her studies reported that during the time period, husbands spend more on clothing than their wives by 10%\u2014a finding that was met with some ridicule in the press at the time. She also completed significant work in the study of home economics and its impact on rural families in the United States. Kansas State University recognized her contributions to home economics and her participation in the field by awarding her the Distinguished Service Award for \"outstanding achievement in home economics\" in 1959.", "In doing so, Iowa State effectively created culturally acceptable forms of physics and engineering for women in an era when these pursuits were not generally accessible to them. Throughout the latter part of 20th century, home economics courses became more inclusive. In 1963, Congress passed the Vocational Education Act, which granted even more funds to vocational education job training. Home economics courses started being taught across the nation to both boys and girls by way of the rise of second-wave feminism. This movement pushed for gender equality, leading to equality of education. In 1970, the course became required for both men and women. Starting in 1994, home economics courses in the United States began being referred to as \"family and consumer science\" in order to make the class appear more inclusive. With desegregation and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, men and women of all backgrounds could equally how to sew, cook, and balance a checkbook. In the 1980s, \"domestic celebrities\" rose to stardom. Celebrities, such as Martha Stewart, created television programs, books, magazines, and websites about homemaking and home economics, which attested to the continued importance of independent experts and commercial mass-media organizations in facilitating technological and cultural change in consumer products and services industries. Present day, the prevalence of home economics courses has declined. Instead, schools are focusing more on courses that prepare one for university rather than life skills. Also, homemaking and home economics courses have developed a negative connotation because of the negative gender bias associated with home economics courses. Despite this, homemaking is now socially acceptable for both men and women to partake in. In the United States, both men and women are expected to take care of the home, the children, and the finances. More women are pursuing higher education rather than homemaking. In 2016, 56.4% of college students were female as opposed to 34.5% in 1956.", "The college offered two four-year courses leading to the degrees Bachelor of Science in Nutrition and Dietetics (formerly Bachelor of Science in Foods and Nutrition) and Bachelor of Science in Home Economics. In June of school year 1989-90, the four-year degree and one-year non-degree courses in Tourism, formerly offered under the College of Liberal Arts, were commissioned to the College. For this reason, the College has been renamed College of Nutrition, Home Economics and Tourism. With the issuance of the Commission on Higher Education memorandum order number 36 series 1998 on Policies and Standards for Graduate Education, the College of Nutrition, Home Economics and Tourism was elevated to School of Home Economics, Nutrition and Tourism. In the year 2001 permission from Commission on Higher Education was obtained to change the nomenclature of B.S. Home Economics to B.S. Family Economics. In the same year the University renamed the School of Home Economics, Nutrition and Tourism (SHENT) to School of Tourism, Family Economics and Nutrition. Finally, the school began offering the four-year degree course B.S. Hotel and Restaurant Management in school year 2004-2005. In 2007 the college was renamed School of Nutrition and Hospitality Management. The Graduate School was organized in 1926 during the administration of Do\u00f1a Librada V. Avelino, founder and first CEU President, with Dr. Concepcion A. Aguila as the first Graduate School Dean. It offers master's and doctorate programs in the fields of Education, Liberal Arts, Business Administration, Sciences, Philosophy, Pharmacy, Dental Education, and Public Administration. CEU is the only school in the Philippines that offers a post-doctoral degree on Total Quality Management on Higher Education. The campus is 3.8 hectares composed of 14 buildings that houses around 25,000 students a year.", "In the United States, home economics courses have been a key part of learning the art of taking care of a household. One of the first to champion the economics of running a home was Catherine Beecher, sister to Harriet Beecher Stowe. Since the 19th century, schools have been incorporating home economics courses into their education programs. In the United States, the teaching of home economics courses in higher education greatly increased with the Morrill Act of 1862. Signed by Abraham Lincoln, the Morrill Act of 1862 granted land to each state or territory in America for higher educational programs in vocational arts, specifically mechanical arts, agriculture, and home economics. Such land grants allowed for people of a wider array of social classes to receive better education in important trade skills. Home economics courses mainly taught students how to cook, sew, garden, and take care of children. The vast majority of these programs were dominated by women. Home economics allowed for women to receive a better education while also preparing them for a life of settling down, doing the chores, and taking care of the children while their husbands became the breadwinners. At this time, homemaking was only accessible to middle and upper class white women whose families could afford secondary schooling. In the late 19th century, the Lake Placid Conferences took place. The conferences consisted of a group of educators working together to elevate the discipline to a legitimate profession. Originally, they wanted to call this profession \"oekology\", the science of right living. However, \"home economics\" was ultimately chosen as the official term in 1899. Home economics in the United States education system increased in popularity in the early 20th century. It emerged as a movement to train women to be more efficient household managers. At the same moment, American families began to consume many more goods and services than they produced.", "Home economics Home economics, domestic science or home science is a field of study that deals with the relationship between individuals, families, communities, and the environment in which they live. Home economics courses are offered internationally and across multiple educational levels. Home economics courses have been important throughout history because it gave women the opportunity to pursue higher education and vocational training in a world where only men were able to learn in such environments. In modern times, home economics teaches people of all genders important life skills, such as cooking, sewing, and finances. With the stigma the term \u201chome economics\u201d has earned over the years, the course is now often referred to by different terms, such as \u201cfamily and consumer science.\u201d Family and consumer science was previously known in the United States as home economics, often abbreviated \"home ec\" or \"HE\". In 1994, various organizations, including the American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences, adopted the new term \"family and consumer science\" to reflect the fact that the field covers aspects outside of home life and wellness. The field is also known by other names, including human sciences, home science, and domestic economy. In addition, home economics has a strong historic relationship to the field of human ecology, and since the 1960s a number of university-level home economics programs have been renamed \"human ecology\" programs, including Cornell University's program. Over the years, homemaking in the United States has been a foundational piece of the education system, particularly for women. These homemaking courses, called home economics, have had a prevalent presence in secondary and higher education since the 19th century. By definition, home economics is \u201cthe art and science of home management\u201d, meaning that the discipline incorporates both creative and technical aspects into its teachings. Home economics courses often consist of learning how to cook, how to do taxes, and how to perform child care tasks."], "answer": {"text": "In addition, Gilbreth was instrumental in the development of the modern kitchen, creating the \"work triangle\" and linear-kitchen layouts that are often used today.", "answer_start": 1540}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you provide some information on domestic management by Lillian Moller Gilbreth?", "answer": {"text": "Gilbreth shifted her efforts toward research projects in the female-friendly arena of domestic management and home economics.", "answer_start": 1140, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What was domestic management about?", "answer": {"text": "Gilbreth shifted her efforts toward research projects in the female-friendly arena of domestic management and home economics.", "answer_start": 1140, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_19f75daf1ddd412aa043fe06c0bdf89c_1_q#3", "question": "How successful was she in her career?", "rewrite": "How successful was Lillian Moller Gilbreth in her career?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ernestine Gilbreth Carey Ernestine Moller Gilbreth, Mrs. Carey (April 5, 1908 \u2013 November 4, 2006) was an American author. Born in New York City, Ernestine Gilbreth was the daughter of Lillian Moller Gilbreth and Frank Bunker Gilbreth, early 20th-century pioneers of time and motion study and what would now be called organizational behavior. She grew up in Montclair, New Jersey, with 11 siblings. Gilbreth Carey and one of her younger brothers, Frank Gilbreth Jr., chronicled the upbringing of the 12 Gilbreth children in their successful comic memoir \"Cheaper by the Dozen\" (1948), which was adapted as an eponymous 1950 film. The pair followed up with a successful sequel, \"Belles on Their Toes\" (1950), which was adapted as an eponymous 1952 film. Ernestine graduated from Smith College and worked as a department store buyer and manager for 14 years. In 1930, she married Charles Everett (\"Chick\") Carey Sr., with whom she had two children, Lillian Carey Barley (b. 1938) and Charles Everett Carey Jr. (b. 1942). She was the author of several other books, including \"Rings Around Us\", an account of the events that happened from the night she met her future husband, to the night the two watched their daughter dance the Charleston as a high school freshman. Ernestine was also very active in an anti-censorship group, Right to Read. She gathered biographical information about her parents; a collection of her papers has been preserved. Carey resided in Reedley, California. She died of natural causes in Fresno, California, aged 98, on November 4, 2006.", "Belles on Their Toes Belles on Their Toes is a 1950 autobiographical book written by the siblings Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Jr. and Ernestine Gilbreth Carey. It is the follow-up to their book \"Cheaper by the Dozen\" (1948), which covered the period before Frank Gilbreth, Sr. died. It was adapted as a film in 1952. The title alludes both to a line in the nursery rhyme \"Ride a cock horse to Banbury Cross\" (i.e., \"Rings on her fingers and bells on her toes\") and to the marriages of the Gilbreth sisters: \"It was apparent that in order to get rings on their fingers, belles would have to be on their toes.\" \"Belles on Their Toes\" was written about the Gilbreth family after Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Sr.'s death, and how they survived as their mother, Lillian Moller Gilbreth, continued the pioneering work in industrial engineering, time and motion studies, and industrial/organizational psychology she had shared with her husband. This book is also the first place where the absence of the second oldest child, Mary Gilbreth, is explained; she died of diphtheria in 1912, at age five. Ernestine and Frank decided to share the royalties from the books and movies evenly among their mother and siblings. \"Belles on Their Toes\" was made into a 1952 motion picture starring Myrna Loy as Lillian Gilbreth.", "Robert Moller Gilbreth Robert Moller Gilbreth (July 4, 1920 \u2013 July 27, 2007) was an American educator, businessman, and politician. Gilbreth was born in Nantucket, Massachusetts. His parents were Frank Bunker Gilbreth Sr. and Lillian Moller Gilbreth. He went to the Montclair, New Jersey public schools. He received his bachelor's degree from the University of North Carolina in 1943 and his master's degree in education from Plymouth State University. Gilbreth also went to the University of Massachusetts for graduate studies. He taught school in Nantucket, Massachusetts and owned the Anchor Inn with his wife on Nantucket Island. Gilbreth then taught school and served as a principal for the Franklin, New Hampshire Junior and Senior High Schools. Gilbreth served as the \"Franklin Telegram\" newspaper part-time reporter. In 1984, Gilbreth served in the New Hampshire Constitutional Convention on 1984. He also served on the Franklin School Board from 1980 to 1987. From 1985 to 1994, Gilbreth served in the New Hampshire House of Representatives. In 1985, Gilbreth opposed a bill in the legislature that human life begins at conception. Gilbreth did not agree with women who wanted abortions. However, he felt counseling was needed. In 2007, Gilbreth died from cancer at the Franklin Regional Hospital in Franklin, New Hampshire.", "Gilbreth, Inc. Gilbreth, Inc. was the early management consulting and industrial engineering firm of Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Sr. and his wife Lillian Moller Gilbreth. It was founded as Frank B. Gilbreth, Inc., consulting engineers, in 1911. Lillian renamed it Gilbreth, Inc. after Frank's death in 1924. The firm's methodology focused on efficiency through a \"Time and Motion\" approach, better known as motion studies. Its analysis and reports included reduction of effort and fatigue, with precursors to ergonomics. The resulting recommendations focused on \"one best way,\" an approach at odds with the later quality improvement movement. The Gilbreth approach also diverged from Taylorism, another early business/work efficiency model, primarily in its consideration of human factors. Gilbreth Inc.'s innovations were largely due to the marriage of engineering and industrial psychology reflected from the marriage of its founders, who were respective experts in these fields. In 1904 the firm moved to New York City, in 1912 to Providence, Rhode Island, and in 1919 to Montclair, New Jersey. The company continued until Lillian Gilbreth's retirement in the 1960s.", "He and Lillian founded a management consulting firm, Gilbreth, Inc., focusing on such endeavors. They were involved in the development of the design for the Simmons Hardware Company's Sioux City Warehouse. The architects had specified that hundreds of hardened concrete piles were to be driven in to allow the soft ground to take the weight of two million bricks required to construct the building. The \"Time and Motion\" approach could be applied to the bricklaying and the transportation. The building was also required to support efficient input and output of deliveries via its own railroad switching facilities. Gilbreth, one of the founders of industrial engineering, used \"cost-plus-a-fixed sum\" contracts in his building contracting business. He described this method in an article in Industrial Magazine in 1907, comparing it to fixed price and guaranteed maximum price methods. Gilbreth married Lillian Evelyn Moller on October 19, 1904, in Oakland, California; they had 12 children. Their names were Anne Moller Gilbreth Barney (1905-1987), Mary Elizabeth Gilbreth (1906\u20131912), Ernestine Moller Gilbreth Carey (1908-2006), Martha Bunker Gilbreth Tallman (1909-1968), Frank Bunker Gilbreth Jr. (1911-2001), William Moller Gilbreth (1912-1990), Lillian Gilbreth Johnson (1914-2001), Frederick Moller Gilbreth (1916-2015), Daniel Bunker Gilbreth (1917-2006), John Moller Gilbreth (1919-2002), Robert Moller Gilbreth (1920-2007), and Jane Moller Gilbreth Heppes (1922-2006); there was also a stillborn daughter (1915) who was not named. Gilbreth died of a heart attack on June 14, 1924, at age 55."], "answer": {"text": "After World War I the Gilbreths did pioneering work with in the rehabilitation of war-veteran amputees.", "answer_start": 377}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you provide some information on domestic management by Lillian Moller Gilbreth?", "answer": {"text": "Gilbreth shifted her efforts toward research projects in the female-friendly arena of domestic management and home economics.", "answer_start": 1140, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What was domestic management about?", "answer": {"text": "Gilbreth shifted her efforts toward research projects in the female-friendly arena of domestic management and home economics.", "answer_start": 1140, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What's some important information regarding this?", "answer": {"text": "In addition, Gilbreth was instrumental in the development of the modern kitchen, creating the \"work triangle\" and linear-kitchen layouts that are often used today.", "answer_start": 1540, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_2060361b736846eb83503eb00cac9f9a_0_q#0", "question": "Do people like Jon Millers commenting style?", "rewrite": "Do people like Jon Millers commenting style?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales. Millers Point Post Office is aesthetically significant because it is a fine example of the Federation Free Classical architectural style. Millers Point Post Office is a simply detailed Federation Free Style corner building, set in a historically significant precinct, and contributes to the streetscape architecturally in both style and scale. The architectural style and prominent corner location of Millers Point Post office also make it a local landmark. The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. Millers Point Post Office is considered to be significant to the community of Millers Point's sense of place, as a well known local building and a focus for community meeting and activity. The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. The site of the Millers Point Post Office has some potential to contain archaeological information. The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. Built in 1891, Millers Point Post Office is a rare early example of the Federation Free Classical architectural style The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales. Millers Point Post Office is part of a group of works by the NSW Government Architect's Office under Walter Liberty Vernon. It is also an important part of the historic fabric of the highly significant Millers Point area", "Gnutz Gnutz is a municipality in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernf\u00f6rde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The location of Gnutz is south of the nearby municipality of Bargstedt or Nortorf, but north of Aukrug, and west of Timmaspe.", "The 2007 edition hosted the presence of companies such as Sun Microsystems, IBM and Intel and people like Jon \"maddog\" Hall from Linux International, X.Org\u00b4s Keith Packard, Sun\u00b4s Simon Phipps and Louis Suarez-Potts from OpenOffice.org. It harboured 5363 participants[6]. The event happened at FIERGS Convention Center. 19 mobilizing activities to fisl 8.0 were carried on, among free software events, speeches, promotions, courses and institutional visits, between various Brazilian cities. Among the outstanding attractions it may be quoted the participation of the educational coordinator from OLPC (One Laptop per Child) at the UFRGS Laboratory of Cognitive Studies L\u00e9a Fagundes, who introduced a prototype of the laptop developed for public school children. Paul Singer National Secretary of Solidarity Economy at the Ministry of Work and Employment and Edgar Piccino, from the Institute of IT, cabinet of the President of the Republic made a speech based on parallels between solidarity economy the development model of free software. In the panel \"Digital Communication and the Building of the Commons: viral networks, open spectra and the new ways of regulation\" the sociologist S\u00e9rgio Amadeu da Silveira, journalist Gustavo Gindre and Intervozes member Jo\u00e3o Brant and Jon \"maddog\" Hall debated the deep changes that digital technologies impose to the telecommunications sector. 2006 edition happened from 19 to 22, April, and was marked by the presence of Richard Stallman and discussions around GPLv3. It is important to remark the discussions about digital inclusion, technical speeches about software usage and community meetings about communication and popular participation. More information can be found at the fisl 7.0 website. A total of 3.385 people (83,82% men and 12,67% women), 445 speakers, 119 journalists and 550 exhibitors. Speakers from 10 countries participated [7].", "Garfield's world has specific locations that appear normally on the comic strips, like the Vet's office, a place he loathes. Irma's Diner is another occasional setting. Irma is a chirpy but slow-witted and unattractive waitress/manager, and one of Jon's few friends. The terrible food is the center of most of the jokes, along with the poor management. Jon periodically visits his parents and brother on the farm. This results in week-long comical displays of stupidity by Jon and his family, and their interactions. There is a comic strip where Jon's brother Doc Boy is watching two socks in the dryer spinning and Doc Boy calls it entertainment. On the farm, Jon's mother will cook huge dinners; Garfield hugs her for this. Jon has a grandmother who, in a strip, kicked Odie; Garfield subsequently hugged her. Jon's parents have twice visited Jon, Garfield, and Odie in the city. Jon's father drove into town on his tractor (which he double-parked) and brought a rooster to wake him up. As Garfield has a love for food, they will often eat out at restaurants. Most trips end up embarrassing because Garfield will pig out, or Jon will do something stupid, including wearing an ugly shirt, which happened one night when he took Liz on a date. When Jon takes Liz on a date, Garfield occasionally tags along---once, he ate the bread and other food at an Italian restaurant they went to. Frequently, the characters break the fourth wall, mostly to explain something to the readers, talk about a subject that often sets up the strip's punchline (like Jon claiming that pets are good for exercise right before he finds Garfield in the kitchen and chases him out), or give a mere glare when a character is belittled or not impressed.", "Though Garfield can be very cynical, he does have a soft side for his teddy bear, Pooky, food and sleep, and in one Christmas he says, \"they say I have to get up early, be nice to people, skip breakfast ... I wish it would never end.\" However,in the feature film \"Garfield Gets Real\" and its sequels, Garfield is better behaved, friendlier towards Jon and Odie, less self-centered, and more sympathetic. It has been wondered by many readers if Garfield can actually be understood by the human characters around him. Sometimes, it seems like Jon can hear him. However, it is mentioned in more than one strip that Jon cannot understand Garfield. However, in the feature film Garfield Gets Real and its sequels, Garfield and the other animals save for Odie are able to talk to, and be understood by, Jon and the other humans. In the 1 April (April Fools' Day) 1997 strip, Garfield, still with thought balloons, can be understood by Jon. To break the fourth wall, 19 June is celebrated within the strip as Garfield's birthday. The appearance in 1979 claimed it to be his first birthday, although in the first appearance of the strip (19 June 1978), he was portrayed as a fully-grown cat, implying that the birthday is of the strip itself. First appearance: June 19, 1978 Jon (Jonathan Q. Arbuckle) is Garfield's owner, usually depicted as an awkward clumsy geek who has trouble finding a date. Jon had a crush on Liz (Garfield's veterinarian) and is now dating her."], "answer": {"text": "He livens up many broadcasts with a few Hawaiian and Japanese phrases spoken with impeccable pronunciation,", "answer_start": 160}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_2060361b736846eb83503eb00cac9f9a_0_q#1", "question": "Who has jon commented for?", "rewrite": "Who has Jon Miller commented for?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Everything that does its job well has a beauty of its own. Hence we talk of a beautiful runner, a beautiful dancer, a beautiful engine. They all have functional beauty, the beauty of functioning perfectly, the beauty of being perfectly suited to the job they have to do. So with speech: we want an instrument that is beautiful, not because it puts on decorative airs, but because it does its work beautifully, perfectly. \" From \"English Today\", Ronald Ridout, Ginn & Company, 1947, pp 111\u2013112 \"A. to Z. of English\", (with Michael Tristram, Neil Straker and Timothy Jaques), Collins - < br> \"Better English\" (1961) Ginn & Company, (reprinted 2000 by Heinemann )
\"Book for Me to Read\" (with Ruth Ainsworth), Series, Purnell Bancroft
\"Children's Dictionary\" (1983) Collins
\"English Now\", Books 1 - 5, Ginn & Company< br> \"English Today\", Books 1 - 5 (1947), Ginn & Company
\"English Workbooks\", Books 1 - 8, Ginn & Company
\"English Workbooks for the Caribbean\", Books 1 - 8, (1968) Ginn & Company
\"Evans Graded Verse\" (with Michael Knight) (1978), Evans Bros.
\"Facts of English\" (with Clifford Witting) (1973) Macmillan Publishers
\"Getting on with Dividing\" (with Michael Holt and Jon Miller) (1986) Collins
\"Getting on with Mathematics\" (with Michael Holt and Jon Miller) (1986) Collins
\"Getting on with Multiplying\" (with Michael Holt and Jon Miller) (1986), Collins
", "Computer stereo vision Computer stereo vision is the extraction of 3D information from digital images, such as those obtained by a CCD camera. By comparing information about a scene from two vantage points, 3D information can be extracted by examining the relative positions of objects in the two panels. This is similar to the biological process Stereopsis. Stereoscopic images are often stored as MPO (multi picture object) files. Recently, researchers pushed to develop methods to reduce the storage needed for these files in order to maintain the high quality of the stereo image. In traditional stereo vision, two cameras, displaced horizontally from one another are used to obtain two differing views on a scene, in a manner similar to human binocular vision. By comparing these two images, the relative depth information can be obtained in the form of a disparity map, which encodes the difference in horizontal coordinates of corresponding image points. The values in this disparity map are inversely proportional to the scene depth at the corresponding pixel location. For a human to compare the two images, they must be superimposed in a stereoscopic device, with the image from the right camera being shown to the observer's right eye and from the left one to the left eye. In a computer vision system, several pre-processing steps are required. The active stereo vision is a form of stereo vision which actively employs a light such as a laser or a structured light to simplify the stereo matching problem. The opposed term is passive stereo vision. The conventional structured-light vision (SLV) employs a structured light or laser, and finds projector-camera correspondences. The conventional active stereo vision (ASV) employs a structured light or laser, however, the stereo matching is performed only for camera-camera correspondences, in the same way as the passive stereo vision.", "Jon Miller (television executive) Jon Miller (born November 14, 1956) is an American television executive for NBC Sports, a division of NBCUniversal. He joined NBC in 1978, and was named President of Sports Programming in 2011. During his tenure, he has worked with every major sports league in the US. Miller was born in Washington DC, but grew up in Bethesda, Maryland. He attended Walt Whitman High School (Bethesda, Maryland) and subsequently earned his bachelor's degree in business administration from Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. Miller started worked as an account executive for WRC-TV in Washington DC in October 1978. While at WRC, he created the George Michael Sports Final, the precursor to the legendary George Michael Sports Machine. After moving to New York to sell national advertising for the NBC Stations Group, he soon joined the NBC Sports & Olympics Sales department. In 1988, he was promoted to Vice President of Programming, Planning & Development for NBC Sports. Miller worked for many years under the leadership of Dick Ebersol. Shortly after joining the programming team, NBC lost the rights to Major League Baseball for the first time in 40 years. To help fill the void, Miller created the NBC Sports Ventures unit which aimed to create events that NBC use to generate non-traditional streams of income. Events he has created include: In his time at NBC Sports, Miller has been instrumental in acquiring and programming some of the world's top sports properties including the NHL, Notre Dame Football, the French Open, horse racing's Triple Crown, NFL on NBC, MLB, Wimbledon, Premier League, Formula One, NASCAR, The Indianapolis 500, Tour de France, NBA, US Open Golf, PGA Tour, Ryder Cup, Presidents Cup, Rugby World Cup and America's Cup.", "Jon Miller (TV presenter) Jon Miller (born John Miller, 14 July 1921 \u2013 30 July 2008) was a British television presenter who was best known for his appearances on the educational children's television science programme \" How\" between 1966 and 1981 with Jack Hargreaves, Bunty James and Fred Dinenage. Born in Southend-on-Sea, Essex, in 1921, Miller was a cousin of classical violinist Yehudi Menuhin. His mother, Edie, was a concert pianist and his father, Jack, established a chain of kiosks and shops in London selling tobacco, sweets and fishing tackle. Miller was brought up in London and on the West Sussex coast where, at the family's holiday home, an early fascination for marine life was nurtured. Miller attended Bedales School and studied photography at the Reimann School in London between 1939 and 1941. In World War II he served in the RAF as an aerial photographer. In 1947 he volunteered for the brigade working on the post-war Yugoslav Youth Railway construction project. He then worked for his father's retail business and was also employed by the Zoological Society of London to stock the aquarium at London Zoo. This involved travelling to the Soviet Union, Madeira, the West Indies, Mauritius and the Azores. Miller worked, as a naturalist, for the BBC on the Johnny Morris show \"Animal Magic\" (in one episode putting a snake on Morris' head). He was hired in 1962 by Southern Television and appeared in its regional news magazine \"Day by Day\", talking each week about a different animal. Also at Southern, Miller was spotted by Jack Hargreaves on a 1965 April Fool's Day edition of the children's magazine programme Three Go Round, demonstrating how Beatle wigs were supposedly made from the hairs of beetles' legs.", "In cases of acquired strabismus with double vision (diplopia), it is long-established state of the art to aim at curing the double vision and at the same time recovering a patient's earlier ability for stereo vision. For example, a patient may have had full stereo vision but later had diplopia due to a medical condition, losing stereo vision. In this case, medical interventions, including vision therapy and strabismus surgery, may remove the double vision and recover the stereo vision which had temporarily been absent in the patient. Also when children with congenital (infantile) strabismus (e.g. infantile esotropia) receive strabismus surgery within the first few years or two of their life, this goes along with the hope that they may yet develop their full potential for binocular vision including stereopsis. In contrast, in a case where a child's eyes are straightened surgically after the age of about five or six years and the child had no opportunity to develop stereo vision in early childhood, normally the clinical expectation is that this intervention will lead to cosmetic improvements but not to stereo vision. Conventionally, no follow-up for stereopsis was performed in such cases. For instance, one author summarized the accepted scientific view of the time with the words: \"Stereopsis will never be obtained unless amblyopia is treated, the eyes are aligned, and binocular fusion and function are achieved before the critical period for stereopsis ends. Clinical data suggest that this occurs before 24 months of age,[\u2026] but we do not know exactly when it occurs, because crucial pieces of basic science information are missing. \""], "answer": {"text": "He would use similar terminology for his Sunday Night Baseball telecasts on ESPN (\"your Sunday night telecasters\") and his World Series broadcasts for ESPN Radio", "answer_start": 680}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Do people like Jon Millers commenting style?", "answer": {"text": "He livens up many broadcasts with a few Hawaiian and Japanese phrases spoken with impeccable pronunciation,", "answer_start": 160, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2060361b736846eb83503eb00cac9f9a_0_q#2", "question": "Who has jon commented with?", "rewrite": "Who has Jon Miller commented with?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jon Miller (television executive) Jon Miller (born November 14, 1956) is an American television executive for NBC Sports, a division of NBCUniversal. He joined NBC in 1978, and was named President of Sports Programming in 2011. During his tenure, he has worked with every major sports league in the US. Miller was born in Washington DC, but grew up in Bethesda, Maryland. He attended Walt Whitman High School (Bethesda, Maryland) and subsequently earned his bachelor's degree in business administration from Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. Miller started worked as an account executive for WRC-TV in Washington DC in October 1978. While at WRC, he created the George Michael Sports Final, the precursor to the legendary George Michael Sports Machine. After moving to New York to sell national advertising for the NBC Stations Group, he soon joined the NBC Sports & Olympics Sales department. In 1988, he was promoted to Vice President of Programming, Planning & Development for NBC Sports. Miller worked for many years under the leadership of Dick Ebersol. Shortly after joining the programming team, NBC lost the rights to Major League Baseball for the first time in 40 years. To help fill the void, Miller created the NBC Sports Ventures unit which aimed to create events that NBC use to generate non-traditional streams of income. Events he has created include: In his time at NBC Sports, Miller has been instrumental in acquiring and programming some of the world's top sports properties including the NHL, Notre Dame Football, the French Open, horse racing's Triple Crown, NFL on NBC, MLB, Wimbledon, Premier League, Formula One, NASCAR, The Indianapolis 500, Tour de France, NBA, US Open Golf, PGA Tour, Ryder Cup, Presidents Cup, Rugby World Cup and America's Cup.", "Computer stereo vision Computer stereo vision is the extraction of 3D information from digital images, such as those obtained by a CCD camera. By comparing information about a scene from two vantage points, 3D information can be extracted by examining the relative positions of objects in the two panels. This is similar to the biological process Stereopsis. Stereoscopic images are often stored as MPO (multi picture object) files. Recently, researchers pushed to develop methods to reduce the storage needed for these files in order to maintain the high quality of the stereo image. In traditional stereo vision, two cameras, displaced horizontally from one another are used to obtain two differing views on a scene, in a manner similar to human binocular vision. By comparing these two images, the relative depth information can be obtained in the form of a disparity map, which encodes the difference in horizontal coordinates of corresponding image points. The values in this disparity map are inversely proportional to the scene depth at the corresponding pixel location. For a human to compare the two images, they must be superimposed in a stereoscopic device, with the image from the right camera being shown to the observer's right eye and from the left one to the left eye. In a computer vision system, several pre-processing steps are required. The active stereo vision is a form of stereo vision which actively employs a light such as a laser or a structured light to simplify the stereo matching problem. The opposed term is passive stereo vision. The conventional structured-light vision (SLV) employs a structured light or laser, and finds projector-camera correspondences. The conventional active stereo vision (ASV) employs a structured light or laser, however, the stereo matching is performed only for camera-camera correspondences, in the same way as the passive stereo vision.", "Jon Miller (TV presenter) Jon Miller (born John Miller, 14 July 1921 \u2013 30 July 2008) was a British television presenter who was best known for his appearances on the educational children's television science programme \" How\" between 1966 and 1981 with Jack Hargreaves, Bunty James and Fred Dinenage. Born in Southend-on-Sea, Essex, in 1921, Miller was a cousin of classical violinist Yehudi Menuhin. His mother, Edie, was a concert pianist and his father, Jack, established a chain of kiosks and shops in London selling tobacco, sweets and fishing tackle. Miller was brought up in London and on the West Sussex coast where, at the family's holiday home, an early fascination for marine life was nurtured. Miller attended Bedales School and studied photography at the Reimann School in London between 1939 and 1941. In World War II he served in the RAF as an aerial photographer. In 1947 he volunteered for the brigade working on the post-war Yugoslav Youth Railway construction project. He then worked for his father's retail business and was also employed by the Zoological Society of London to stock the aquarium at London Zoo. This involved travelling to the Soviet Union, Madeira, the West Indies, Mauritius and the Azores. Miller worked, as a naturalist, for the BBC on the Johnny Morris show \"Animal Magic\" (in one episode putting a snake on Morris' head). He was hired in 1962 by Southern Television and appeared in its regional news magazine \"Day by Day\", talking each week about a different animal. Also at Southern, Miller was spotted by Jack Hargreaves on a 1965 April Fool's Day edition of the children's magazine programme Three Go Round, demonstrating how Beatle wigs were supposedly made from the hairs of beetles' legs.", "Everything that does its job well has a beauty of its own. Hence we talk of a beautiful runner, a beautiful dancer, a beautiful engine. They all have functional beauty, the beauty of functioning perfectly, the beauty of being perfectly suited to the job they have to do. So with speech: we want an instrument that is beautiful, not because it puts on decorative airs, but because it does its work beautifully, perfectly. \" From \"English Today\", Ronald Ridout, Ginn & Company, 1947, pp 111\u2013112 \"A. to Z. of English\", (with Michael Tristram, Neil Straker and Timothy Jaques), Collins - < br> \"Better English\" (1961) Ginn & Company, (reprinted 2000 by Heinemann )
\"Book for Me to Read\" (with Ruth Ainsworth), Series, Purnell Bancroft
\"Children's Dictionary\" (1983) Collins
\"English Now\", Books 1 - 5, Ginn & Company< br> \"English Today\", Books 1 - 5 (1947), Ginn & Company
\"English Workbooks\", Books 1 - 8, Ginn & Company
\"English Workbooks for the Caribbean\", Books 1 - 8, (1968) Ginn & Company
\"Evans Graded Verse\" (with Michael Knight) (1978), Evans Bros.
\"Facts of English\" (with Clifford Witting) (1973) Macmillan Publishers
\"Getting on with Dividing\" (with Michael Holt and Jon Miller) (1986) Collins
\"Getting on with Mathematics\" (with Michael Holt and Jon Miller) (1986) Collins
\"Getting on with Multiplying\" (with Michael Holt and Jon Miller) (1986), Collins
", "In cases of acquired strabismus with double vision (diplopia), it is long-established state of the art to aim at curing the double vision and at the same time recovering a patient's earlier ability for stereo vision. For example, a patient may have had full stereo vision but later had diplopia due to a medical condition, losing stereo vision. In this case, medical interventions, including vision therapy and strabismus surgery, may remove the double vision and recover the stereo vision which had temporarily been absent in the patient. Also when children with congenital (infantile) strabismus (e.g. infantile esotropia) receive strabismus surgery within the first few years or two of their life, this goes along with the hope that they may yet develop their full potential for binocular vision including stereopsis. In contrast, in a case where a child's eyes are straightened surgically after the age of about five or six years and the child had no opportunity to develop stereo vision in early childhood, normally the clinical expectation is that this intervention will lead to cosmetic improvements but not to stereo vision. Conventionally, no follow-up for stereopsis was performed in such cases. For instance, one author summarized the accepted scientific view of the time with the words: \"Stereopsis will never be obtained unless amblyopia is treated, the eyes are aligned, and binocular fusion and function are achieved before the critical period for stereopsis ends. Clinical data suggest that this occurs before 24 months of age,[\u2026] but we do not know exactly when it occurs, because crucial pieces of basic science information are missing. \""], "answer": {"text": "Mike Krukow", "answer_start": 646}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Do people like Jon Millers commenting style?", "answer": {"text": "He livens up many broadcasts with a few Hawaiian and Japanese phrases spoken with impeccable pronunciation,", "answer_start": 160, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who has jon commented for?", "answer": {"text": "He would use similar terminology for his Sunday Night Baseball telecasts on ESPN (\"your Sunday night telecasters\") and his World Series broadcasts for ESPN Radio", "answer_start": 680, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_2060361b736846eb83503eb00cac9f9a_0_q#3", "question": "Which game has jon commented in ?", "rewrite": "Which game has Jon Miller commented in?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jon Miller (television executive) Jon Miller (born November 14, 1956) is an American television executive for NBC Sports, a division of NBCUniversal. He joined NBC in 1978, and was named President of Sports Programming in 2011. During his tenure, he has worked with every major sports league in the US. Miller was born in Washington DC, but grew up in Bethesda, Maryland. He attended Walt Whitman High School (Bethesda, Maryland) and subsequently earned his bachelor's degree in business administration from Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. Miller started worked as an account executive for WRC-TV in Washington DC in October 1978. While at WRC, he created the George Michael Sports Final, the precursor to the legendary George Michael Sports Machine. After moving to New York to sell national advertising for the NBC Stations Group, he soon joined the NBC Sports & Olympics Sales department. In 1988, he was promoted to Vice President of Programming, Planning & Development for NBC Sports. Miller worked for many years under the leadership of Dick Ebersol. Shortly after joining the programming team, NBC lost the rights to Major League Baseball for the first time in 40 years. To help fill the void, Miller created the NBC Sports Ventures unit which aimed to create events that NBC use to generate non-traditional streams of income. Events he has created include: In his time at NBC Sports, Miller has been instrumental in acquiring and programming some of the world's top sports properties including the NHL, Notre Dame Football, the French Open, horse racing's Triple Crown, NFL on NBC, MLB, Wimbledon, Premier League, Formula One, NASCAR, The Indianapolis 500, Tour de France, NBA, US Open Golf, PGA Tour, Ryder Cup, Presidents Cup, Rugby World Cup and America's Cup.", "Everything that does its job well has a beauty of its own. Hence we talk of a beautiful runner, a beautiful dancer, a beautiful engine. They all have functional beauty, the beauty of functioning perfectly, the beauty of being perfectly suited to the job they have to do. So with speech: we want an instrument that is beautiful, not because it puts on decorative airs, but because it does its work beautifully, perfectly. \" From \"English Today\", Ronald Ridout, Ginn & Company, 1947, pp 111\u2013112 \"A. to Z. of English\", (with Michael Tristram, Neil Straker and Timothy Jaques), Collins - < br> \"Better English\" (1961) Ginn & Company, (reprinted 2000 by Heinemann )
\"Book for Me to Read\" (with Ruth Ainsworth), Series, Purnell Bancroft
\"Children's Dictionary\" (1983) Collins
\"English Now\", Books 1 - 5, Ginn & Company< br> \"English Today\", Books 1 - 5 (1947), Ginn & Company
\"English Workbooks\", Books 1 - 8, Ginn & Company
\"English Workbooks for the Caribbean\", Books 1 - 8, (1968) Ginn & Company
\"Evans Graded Verse\" (with Michael Knight) (1978), Evans Bros.
\"Facts of English\" (with Clifford Witting) (1973) Macmillan Publishers
\"Getting on with Dividing\" (with Michael Holt and Jon Miller) (1986) Collins
\"Getting on with Mathematics\" (with Michael Holt and Jon Miller) (1986) Collins
\"Getting on with Multiplying\" (with Michael Holt and Jon Miller) (1986), Collins
", "Jon Miller (TV presenter) Jon Miller (born John Miller, 14 July 1921 \u2013 30 July 2008) was a British television presenter who was best known for his appearances on the educational children's television science programme \" How\" between 1966 and 1981 with Jack Hargreaves, Bunty James and Fred Dinenage. Born in Southend-on-Sea, Essex, in 1921, Miller was a cousin of classical violinist Yehudi Menuhin. His mother, Edie, was a concert pianist and his father, Jack, established a chain of kiosks and shops in London selling tobacco, sweets and fishing tackle. Miller was brought up in London and on the West Sussex coast where, at the family's holiday home, an early fascination for marine life was nurtured. Miller attended Bedales School and studied photography at the Reimann School in London between 1939 and 1941. In World War II he served in the RAF as an aerial photographer. In 1947 he volunteered for the brigade working on the post-war Yugoslav Youth Railway construction project. He then worked for his father's retail business and was also employed by the Zoological Society of London to stock the aquarium at London Zoo. This involved travelling to the Soviet Union, Madeira, the West Indies, Mauritius and the Azores. Miller worked, as a naturalist, for the BBC on the Johnny Morris show \"Animal Magic\" (in one episode putting a snake on Morris' head). He was hired in 1962 by Southern Television and appeared in its regional news magazine \"Day by Day\", talking each week about a different animal. Also at Southern, Miller was spotted by Jack Hargreaves on a 1965 April Fool's Day edition of the children's magazine programme Three Go Round, demonstrating how Beatle wigs were supposedly made from the hairs of beetles' legs.", "Computer stereo vision Computer stereo vision is the extraction of 3D information from digital images, such as those obtained by a CCD camera. By comparing information about a scene from two vantage points, 3D information can be extracted by examining the relative positions of objects in the two panels. This is similar to the biological process Stereopsis. Stereoscopic images are often stored as MPO (multi picture object) files. Recently, researchers pushed to develop methods to reduce the storage needed for these files in order to maintain the high quality of the stereo image. In traditional stereo vision, two cameras, displaced horizontally from one another are used to obtain two differing views on a scene, in a manner similar to human binocular vision. By comparing these two images, the relative depth information can be obtained in the form of a disparity map, which encodes the difference in horizontal coordinates of corresponding image points. The values in this disparity map are inversely proportional to the scene depth at the corresponding pixel location. For a human to compare the two images, they must be superimposed in a stereoscopic device, with the image from the right camera being shown to the observer's right eye and from the left one to the left eye. In a computer vision system, several pre-processing steps are required. The active stereo vision is a form of stereo vision which actively employs a light such as a laser or a structured light to simplify the stereo matching problem. The opposed term is passive stereo vision. The conventional structured-light vision (SLV) employs a structured light or laser, and finds projector-camera correspondences. The conventional active stereo vision (ASV) employs a structured light or laser, however, the stereo matching is performed only for camera-camera correspondences, in the same way as the passive stereo vision.", "In cases of acquired strabismus with double vision (diplopia), it is long-established state of the art to aim at curing the double vision and at the same time recovering a patient's earlier ability for stereo vision. For example, a patient may have had full stereo vision but later had diplopia due to a medical condition, losing stereo vision. In this case, medical interventions, including vision therapy and strabismus surgery, may remove the double vision and recover the stereo vision which had temporarily been absent in the patient. Also when children with congenital (infantile) strabismus (e.g. infantile esotropia) receive strabismus surgery within the first few years or two of their life, this goes along with the hope that they may yet develop their full potential for binocular vision including stereopsis. In contrast, in a case where a child's eyes are straightened surgically after the age of about five or six years and the child had no opportunity to develop stereo vision in early childhood, normally the clinical expectation is that this intervention will lead to cosmetic improvements but not to stereo vision. Conventionally, no follow-up for stereopsis was performed in such cases. For instance, one author summarized the accepted scientific view of the time with the words: \"Stereopsis will never be obtained unless amblyopia is treated, the eyes are aligned, and binocular fusion and function are achieved before the critical period for stereopsis ends. Clinical data suggest that this occurs before 24 months of age,[\u2026] but we do not know exactly when it occurs, because crucial pieces of basic science information are missing. \""], "answer": {"text": "Sunday Night Baseball", "answer_start": 721}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Do people like Jon Millers commenting style?", "answer": {"text": "He livens up many broadcasts with a few Hawaiian and Japanese phrases spoken with impeccable pronunciation,", "answer_start": 160, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who has jon commented for?", "answer": {"text": "He would use similar terminology for his Sunday Night Baseball telecasts on ESPN (\"your Sunday night telecasters\") and his World Series broadcasts for ESPN Radio", "answer_start": 680, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Who has jon commented with?", "answer": {"text": "Mike Krukow", "answer_start": 646, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_2060361b736846eb83503eb00cac9f9a_0_q#5", "question": "Any intresting thing about the article", "rewrite": "Any interesting thing about the article on Jon Miller?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In cases of acquired strabismus with double vision (diplopia), it is long-established state of the art to aim at curing the double vision and at the same time recovering a patient's earlier ability for stereo vision. For example, a patient may have had full stereo vision but later had diplopia due to a medical condition, losing stereo vision. In this case, medical interventions, including vision therapy and strabismus surgery, may remove the double vision and recover the stereo vision which had temporarily been absent in the patient. Also when children with congenital (infantile) strabismus (e.g. infantile esotropia) receive strabismus surgery within the first few years or two of their life, this goes along with the hope that they may yet develop their full potential for binocular vision including stereopsis. In contrast, in a case where a child's eyes are straightened surgically after the age of about five or six years and the child had no opportunity to develop stereo vision in early childhood, normally the clinical expectation is that this intervention will lead to cosmetic improvements but not to stereo vision. Conventionally, no follow-up for stereopsis was performed in such cases. For instance, one author summarized the accepted scientific view of the time with the words: \"Stereopsis will never be obtained unless amblyopia is treated, the eyes are aligned, and binocular fusion and function are achieved before the critical period for stereopsis ends. Clinical data suggest that this occurs before 24 months of age,[\u2026] but we do not know exactly when it occurs, because crucial pieces of basic science information are missing. \"", "Jon Miller (television executive) Jon Miller (born November 14, 1956) is an American television executive for NBC Sports, a division of NBCUniversal. He joined NBC in 1978, and was named President of Sports Programming in 2011. During his tenure, he has worked with every major sports league in the US. Miller was born in Washington DC, but grew up in Bethesda, Maryland. He attended Walt Whitman High School (Bethesda, Maryland) and subsequently earned his bachelor's degree in business administration from Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. Miller started worked as an account executive for WRC-TV in Washington DC in October 1978. While at WRC, he created the George Michael Sports Final, the precursor to the legendary George Michael Sports Machine. After moving to New York to sell national advertising for the NBC Stations Group, he soon joined the NBC Sports & Olympics Sales department. In 1988, he was promoted to Vice President of Programming, Planning & Development for NBC Sports. Miller worked for many years under the leadership of Dick Ebersol. Shortly after joining the programming team, NBC lost the rights to Major League Baseball for the first time in 40 years. To help fill the void, Miller created the NBC Sports Ventures unit which aimed to create events that NBC use to generate non-traditional streams of income. Events he has created include: In his time at NBC Sports, Miller has been instrumental in acquiring and programming some of the world's top sports properties including the NHL, Notre Dame Football, the French Open, horse racing's Triple Crown, NFL on NBC, MLB, Wimbledon, Premier League, Formula One, NASCAR, The Indianapolis 500, Tour de France, NBA, US Open Golf, PGA Tour, Ryder Cup, Presidents Cup, Rugby World Cup and America's Cup.", "Everything that does its job well has a beauty of its own. Hence we talk of a beautiful runner, a beautiful dancer, a beautiful engine. They all have functional beauty, the beauty of functioning perfectly, the beauty of being perfectly suited to the job they have to do. So with speech: we want an instrument that is beautiful, not because it puts on decorative airs, but because it does its work beautifully, perfectly. \" From \"English Today\", Ronald Ridout, Ginn & Company, 1947, pp 111\u2013112 \"A. to Z. of English\", (with Michael Tristram, Neil Straker and Timothy Jaques), Collins - < br> \"Better English\" (1961) Ginn & Company, (reprinted 2000 by Heinemann )
\"Book for Me to Read\" (with Ruth Ainsworth), Series, Purnell Bancroft
\"Children's Dictionary\" (1983) Collins
\"English Now\", Books 1 - 5, Ginn & Company< br> \"English Today\", Books 1 - 5 (1947), Ginn & Company
\"English Workbooks\", Books 1 - 8, Ginn & Company
\"English Workbooks for the Caribbean\", Books 1 - 8, (1968) Ginn & Company
\"Evans Graded Verse\" (with Michael Knight) (1978), Evans Bros.
\"Facts of English\" (with Clifford Witting) (1973) Macmillan Publishers
\"Getting on with Dividing\" (with Michael Holt and Jon Miller) (1986) Collins
\"Getting on with Mathematics\" (with Michael Holt and Jon Miller) (1986) Collins
\"Getting on with Multiplying\" (with Michael Holt and Jon Miller) (1986), Collins
", "Computer stereo vision Computer stereo vision is the extraction of 3D information from digital images, such as those obtained by a CCD camera. By comparing information about a scene from two vantage points, 3D information can be extracted by examining the relative positions of objects in the two panels. This is similar to the biological process Stereopsis. Stereoscopic images are often stored as MPO (multi picture object) files. Recently, researchers pushed to develop methods to reduce the storage needed for these files in order to maintain the high quality of the stereo image. In traditional stereo vision, two cameras, displaced horizontally from one another are used to obtain two differing views on a scene, in a manner similar to human binocular vision. By comparing these two images, the relative depth information can be obtained in the form of a disparity map, which encodes the difference in horizontal coordinates of corresponding image points. The values in this disparity map are inversely proportional to the scene depth at the corresponding pixel location. For a human to compare the two images, they must be superimposed in a stereoscopic device, with the image from the right camera being shown to the observer's right eye and from the left one to the left eye. In a computer vision system, several pre-processing steps are required. The active stereo vision is a form of stereo vision which actively employs a light such as a laser or a structured light to simplify the stereo matching problem. The opposed term is passive stereo vision. The conventional structured-light vision (SLV) employs a structured light or laser, and finds projector-camera correspondences. The conventional active stereo vision (ASV) employs a structured light or laser, however, the stereo matching is performed only for camera-camera correspondences, in the same way as the passive stereo vision.", "Jon Miller (TV presenter) Jon Miller (born John Miller, 14 July 1921 \u2013 30 July 2008) was a British television presenter who was best known for his appearances on the educational children's television science programme \" How\" between 1966 and 1981 with Jack Hargreaves, Bunty James and Fred Dinenage. Born in Southend-on-Sea, Essex, in 1921, Miller was a cousin of classical violinist Yehudi Menuhin. His mother, Edie, was a concert pianist and his father, Jack, established a chain of kiosks and shops in London selling tobacco, sweets and fishing tackle. Miller was brought up in London and on the West Sussex coast where, at the family's holiday home, an early fascination for marine life was nurtured. Miller attended Bedales School and studied photography at the Reimann School in London between 1939 and 1941. In World War II he served in the RAF as an aerial photographer. In 1947 he volunteered for the brigade working on the post-war Yugoslav Youth Railway construction project. He then worked for his father's retail business and was also employed by the Zoological Society of London to stock the aquarium at London Zoo. This involved travelling to the Soviet Union, Madeira, the West Indies, Mauritius and the Azores. Miller worked, as a naturalist, for the BBC on the Johnny Morris show \"Animal Magic\" (in one episode putting a snake on Morris' head). He was hired in 1962 by Southern Television and appeared in its regional news magazine \"Day by Day\", talking each week about a different animal. Also at Southern, Miller was spotted by Jack Hargreaves on a 1965 April Fool's Day edition of the children's magazine programme Three Go Round, demonstrating how Beatle wigs were supposedly made from the hairs of beetles' legs."], "answer": {"text": "Miller will occasionally quote lines from Shakespeare plays during radio broadcasts.", "answer_start": 630}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Do people like Jon Millers commenting style?", "answer": {"text": "He livens up many broadcasts with a few Hawaiian and Japanese phrases spoken with impeccable pronunciation,", "answer_start": 160, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who has jon commented for?", "answer": {"text": "He would use similar terminology for his Sunday Night Baseball telecasts on ESPN (\"your Sunday night telecasters\") and his World Series broadcasts for ESPN Radio", "answer_start": 680, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Who has jon commented with?", "answer": {"text": "Mike Krukow", "answer_start": 646, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Which game has jon commented in ?", "answer": {"text": "Sunday Night Baseball", "answer_start": 721, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What mistake has he made when commenting?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2060361b736846eb83503eb00cac9f9a_1_q#0", "question": "What was John Miller's job with the San Francisco Giants?", "rewrite": "What was John Miller's job with the San Francisco Giants?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of San Francisco Giants Opening Day starting pitchers The San Francisco Giants are a Major League Baseball franchise based in San Francisco, California. They moved to San Francisco from New York City in 1958. They play in the National League West division. The first game of the new baseball season for a team is played on Opening Day, and being named the Opening Day starter is an honor, which is often given to the player who is expected to lead the pitching staff that season, though there are various strategic reasons why a team's best pitcher might not start on Opening Day. Through 2016, the Giants have used 30 different Opening Day starting pitchers in their 58 seasons since moving to San Francisco. The 30 starters have a combined Opening Day record of 27 wins, 16 losses and 16 no decisions. No decisions are only awarded to the starting pitcher if the game is won or lost after the starting pitcher has left the game. The first Opening Day game for the San Francisco Giants was played against the Los Angeles Dodgers on April 15, 1958 at Seals Stadium, the Giants' first home ball park in San Francisco. Rub\u00e9n G\u00f3mez was the Giants' Opening Day starting pitcher that day, in a game the Giants lost 8\u20130. That was the Giants' only Opening Day game at Seals Stadium. They also played in two other home parks in San Francisco: Candlestick Park from 1960 to 1999, and AT&T Park, previously called PacBell Park and SBC Park, since 2000. The Giants' Opening Day starting pitchers had a record of seven wins, three losses and seven no decisions at Candlestick Park and have a record of two wins, one loss and one no decision at AT&T Park. That gives the San Francisco Giants' Opening Day starting pitchers a total home record of 10 wins, 4 losses and 8 no decisions. Their record in Opening Day road games is 17 wins, 12 losses, and 8 no decisions.", "San Francisco Giants minor league players Below are select minor league players and the rosters of the minor league affiliates of the San Francisco Giants: Melvin Adon (born June 9, 1994) is a Dominican professional baseball pitcher in the San Francisco Giants organization. Adon signed the San Francisco Giants as an international free agent in 2015. He made his professional debut that year with the Dominican Summer League Giants, pitching to a 4-0 record with a 2.48 ERA in 14 starts. He pitched for the Salem-Keizer Volcanoes in 2016, going 5-5 with a 5.48 ERA in 14 starts, and the Augusta GreenJackets in 2017, pitching to a 3-11 record with a 4.35 ERA in 23 games (19 starts). Adon played 2018 with the Arizona League Giants and San Jose Giants, compiling a combined 2-6 record and 5.03 ERA in 18 games (15 starts) between the two teams. After the season, he pitched in the Arizona Fall League and was named to the Fall Stars Game. The Giants also added him to their 40-man roster after the season. He began 2019 with the Richmond Flying Squirrels. Jonah Arenado (born February 3, 1995) is an American professional baseball third baseman for the San Francisco Giants organization. Arenado attended El Toro High School in Lake Forest, California. The San Francisco Giants selected him in the 16th round of the 2013 MLB draft. In 2017, he played for the San Jose Giants of the Class A-Advanced California League. He was promoted to the Richmond Flying Squirrels of the Class AA Eastern League in 2018. Arenado's brother is Nolan Arenado. Seth Corry (born November 3, 1998) is an American professional baseball pitcher in the San Francisco Giants organization. Corry attended Lone Peak High School in Highland, Utah.", "2012 San Francisco Giants season The San Francisco Giants are an American baseball team. Their 2012 season marked their 130th year in Major League Baseball, as well as their 55th year in San Francisco since their move from New York following the 1957 season, and the thirteenth at AT&T Park. The Giants finished with a record of 94\u201368, 1st place in the NL West, and pulled off a massive upset over the Cincinnati Reds in five games in the Division Series thereby becoming the first National League team (8th in MLB History) to come back from a 2\u20130 deficit in a best-of-five series by sweeping three games in the opponent's park. The Giants defeated the St. Louis Cardinals in seven games after overcoming a 3-1 deficit in the NL Championship Series and advancing to the 2012 World Series to face the Detroit Tigers. They swept the Tigers in four games to win their second World Series title in three years. The San Francisco Giants defeated the Cincinnati Reds to advance to the 2012 National League Championship Series. 9:37 p.m. (EDT) at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California Sunday, October 7, 2012 \u2013 9:37 pm (ET) at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California Tuesday, October 9, 2012 at Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati Wednesday, October 10, 2012 at Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati Thursday, October 11, 2012 at Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati The San Francisco Giants defeated the St. Louis Cardinals for the National League title. Sunday, October 14, 2012 at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California Monday, October 15, 2012 at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California Wednesday, October 17, 2012 at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri Thursday, October 18, 2012 at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri Friday, October 19, 2012 at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri", "Larry Baer Laurence M. Baer is the Chief Executive Officer of the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball. He succeeded Bill Neukom on January 1, 2012. Born to a Jewish family, Baer attended Lowell High School in San Francisco and the University of California, Berkeley. He served as the sports director and business manager of KALX, the student-run radio station. As a junior, he negotiated with Oakland Athletics' owner Charlie Finley to make KALX the official radio station of the Athletics for its first 16 games. Baer served as the play-by-play announcer. He graduated from Berkeley with a degree in political science in 1980. He joined the San Francisco Giants as their marketing director that year. He left the Giants to attend Harvard Business School and work for Westinghouse Broadcasting. Baer returned to the Giants to help form the ownership group that kept the team in San Francisco when an attempt was made to move the franchise to Tampa, Florida in 1992. Other members of the group include Charles Bartlett Johnson, Harmon Burns, Scott Seligman, Peter Magowan, Allan Byer, and David S. Wolff. In 1994, Baer established the first benefit by a professional sports team to fight AIDS. He succeeded Bill Neukom as the Giants' chief executive officer on January 1, 2012. He was added to the board of directors of the San Jose Giants, the Giants' Minor League Baseball affiliate in the Class A-Advanced California League, in April 2012. Under Baer\u2019s management, the San Francisco Giants won World Series championships in 2012 and 2014. He is married to Pamela Baer; they have four children and live in San Francisco. He and his wife are members of Congregation Emanu-El in San Francisco.", "Minnie Minoso, Chicago White Sox on at US Cellular Field, Chicago Iiinois. Chicago White Sox, Jose Pagan, San Francisco Giants on June 23, 2002, San Francisco, California. Luis Polonia, New York Yankees, Newark, New Jersey. Ivan 'Pudge\" Rodriguez, Texas Rangers, on August 2, 2012 at Comerica Park, Detroit, Michigan. Arturo Santo Domingo, Major League Baseball, Diego Segui, Oakland Athletics on July 6, 2012 at the Bartle Hall Convention Center, Kansas City, Missouri. Pedro Sierra, Negro Leagues, Major League Baseball, Valmy Thomas, San Francisco Giants on June 23, 2002, San Francisco, California. Jose Uribe, San Francisco Giants on June 23, 2002, San Francisco, California. Luis Aparicio was inducted into the HHBMHOF at the 73rd Annual All Star Game Fan Fest at the Moscone East Center, San Francisco, California. On December 27, 2007 Mr. Millito Navarro (101 years old) was inducted into the HHBMHOF at the Pancho Coimbre Museum in Ponce, Puerto Rico. This was the HHBMHOF first induction outside the Continental United States. The first Award of Merit was awarded on July 10, 1998 to Juan Navarette, Mexican Baseball Hall of Famer at the McAfee Coliseum, Oakland, California. Award of Merit winners Rolando Arojo, Carlos Baerga, Frank Castillo, Coco Crisp, Juan Diaz, Nomar Garciaparra, Rich Garces, Pedro Matinez, Jose Offerman, Manny Ramirez, Freddy Sanchez, Rey Sanchez, Ugueth Urbina. On May 26, 2000 the San Francisco Giants recognize the HHBMHOF."], "answer": {"text": "Miller has been the primary play-by-play voice of the San Francisco Giants", "answer_start": 12}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_2060361b736846eb83503eb00cac9f9a_1_q#1", "question": "When did he start working with the Giants?", "rewrite": "When did John Miller start working with the San Francisco Giants?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Larry Baer Laurence M. Baer is the Chief Executive Officer of the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball. He succeeded Bill Neukom on January 1, 2012. Born to a Jewish family, Baer attended Lowell High School in San Francisco and the University of California, Berkeley. He served as the sports director and business manager of KALX, the student-run radio station. As a junior, he negotiated with Oakland Athletics' owner Charlie Finley to make KALX the official radio station of the Athletics for its first 16 games. Baer served as the play-by-play announcer. He graduated from Berkeley with a degree in political science in 1980. He joined the San Francisco Giants as their marketing director that year. He left the Giants to attend Harvard Business School and work for Westinghouse Broadcasting. Baer returned to the Giants to help form the ownership group that kept the team in San Francisco when an attempt was made to move the franchise to Tampa, Florida in 1992. Other members of the group include Charles Bartlett Johnson, Harmon Burns, Scott Seligman, Peter Magowan, Allan Byer, and David S. Wolff. In 1994, Baer established the first benefit by a professional sports team to fight AIDS. He succeeded Bill Neukom as the Giants' chief executive officer on January 1, 2012. He was added to the board of directors of the San Jose Giants, the Giants' Minor League Baseball affiliate in the Class A-Advanced California League, in April 2012. Under Baer\u2019s management, the San Francisco Giants won World Series championships in 2012 and 2014. He is married to Pamela Baer; they have four children and live in San Francisco. He and his wife are members of Congregation Emanu-El in San Francisco.", "2012 San Francisco Giants season The San Francisco Giants are an American baseball team. Their 2012 season marked their 130th year in Major League Baseball, as well as their 55th year in San Francisco since their move from New York following the 1957 season, and the thirteenth at AT&T Park. The Giants finished with a record of 94\u201368, 1st place in the NL West, and pulled off a massive upset over the Cincinnati Reds in five games in the Division Series thereby becoming the first National League team (8th in MLB History) to come back from a 2\u20130 deficit in a best-of-five series by sweeping three games in the opponent's park. The Giants defeated the St. Louis Cardinals in seven games after overcoming a 3-1 deficit in the NL Championship Series and advancing to the 2012 World Series to face the Detroit Tigers. They swept the Tigers in four games to win their second World Series title in three years. The San Francisco Giants defeated the Cincinnati Reds to advance to the 2012 National League Championship Series. 9:37 p.m. (EDT) at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California Sunday, October 7, 2012 \u2013 9:37 pm (ET) at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California Tuesday, October 9, 2012 at Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati Wednesday, October 10, 2012 at Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati Thursday, October 11, 2012 at Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati The San Francisco Giants defeated the St. Louis Cardinals for the National League title. Sunday, October 14, 2012 at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California Monday, October 15, 2012 at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California Wednesday, October 17, 2012 at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri Thursday, October 18, 2012 at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri Friday, October 19, 2012 at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri", "Minnie Minoso, Chicago White Sox on at US Cellular Field, Chicago Iiinois. Chicago White Sox, Jose Pagan, San Francisco Giants on June 23, 2002, San Francisco, California. Luis Polonia, New York Yankees, Newark, New Jersey. Ivan 'Pudge\" Rodriguez, Texas Rangers, on August 2, 2012 at Comerica Park, Detroit, Michigan. Arturo Santo Domingo, Major League Baseball, Diego Segui, Oakland Athletics on July 6, 2012 at the Bartle Hall Convention Center, Kansas City, Missouri. Pedro Sierra, Negro Leagues, Major League Baseball, Valmy Thomas, San Francisco Giants on June 23, 2002, San Francisco, California. Jose Uribe, San Francisco Giants on June 23, 2002, San Francisco, California. Luis Aparicio was inducted into the HHBMHOF at the 73rd Annual All Star Game Fan Fest at the Moscone East Center, San Francisco, California. On December 27, 2007 Mr. Millito Navarro (101 years old) was inducted into the HHBMHOF at the Pancho Coimbre Museum in Ponce, Puerto Rico. This was the HHBMHOF first induction outside the Continental United States. The first Award of Merit was awarded on July 10, 1998 to Juan Navarette, Mexican Baseball Hall of Famer at the McAfee Coliseum, Oakland, California. Award of Merit winners Rolando Arojo, Carlos Baerga, Frank Castillo, Coco Crisp, Juan Diaz, Nomar Garciaparra, Rich Garces, Pedro Matinez, Jose Offerman, Manny Ramirez, Freddy Sanchez, Rey Sanchez, Ugueth Urbina. On May 26, 2000 the San Francisco Giants recognize the HHBMHOF.", "List of San Francisco Giants Opening Day starting pitchers The San Francisco Giants are a Major League Baseball franchise based in San Francisco, California. They moved to San Francisco from New York City in 1958. They play in the National League West division. The first game of the new baseball season for a team is played on Opening Day, and being named the Opening Day starter is an honor, which is often given to the player who is expected to lead the pitching staff that season, though there are various strategic reasons why a team's best pitcher might not start on Opening Day. Through 2016, the Giants have used 30 different Opening Day starting pitchers in their 58 seasons since moving to San Francisco. The 30 starters have a combined Opening Day record of 27 wins, 16 losses and 16 no decisions. No decisions are only awarded to the starting pitcher if the game is won or lost after the starting pitcher has left the game. The first Opening Day game for the San Francisco Giants was played against the Los Angeles Dodgers on April 15, 1958 at Seals Stadium, the Giants' first home ball park in San Francisco. Rub\u00e9n G\u00f3mez was the Giants' Opening Day starting pitcher that day, in a game the Giants lost 8\u20130. That was the Giants' only Opening Day game at Seals Stadium. They also played in two other home parks in San Francisco: Candlestick Park from 1960 to 1999, and AT&T Park, previously called PacBell Park and SBC Park, since 2000. The Giants' Opening Day starting pitchers had a record of seven wins, three losses and seven no decisions at Candlestick Park and have a record of two wins, one loss and one no decision at AT&T Park. That gives the San Francisco Giants' Opening Day starting pitchers a total home record of 10 wins, 4 losses and 8 no decisions. Their record in Opening Day road games is 17 wins, 12 losses, and 8 no decisions.", "San Francisco Giants minor league players Below are select minor league players and the rosters of the minor league affiliates of the San Francisco Giants: Melvin Adon (born June 9, 1994) is a Dominican professional baseball pitcher in the San Francisco Giants organization. Adon signed the San Francisco Giants as an international free agent in 2015. He made his professional debut that year with the Dominican Summer League Giants, pitching to a 4-0 record with a 2.48 ERA in 14 starts. He pitched for the Salem-Keizer Volcanoes in 2016, going 5-5 with a 5.48 ERA in 14 starts, and the Augusta GreenJackets in 2017, pitching to a 3-11 record with a 4.35 ERA in 23 games (19 starts). Adon played 2018 with the Arizona League Giants and San Jose Giants, compiling a combined 2-6 record and 5.03 ERA in 18 games (15 starts) between the two teams. After the season, he pitched in the Arizona Fall League and was named to the Fall Stars Game. The Giants also added him to their 40-man roster after the season. He began 2019 with the Richmond Flying Squirrels. Jonah Arenado (born February 3, 1995) is an American professional baseball third baseman for the San Francisco Giants organization. Arenado attended El Toro High School in Lake Forest, California. The San Francisco Giants selected him in the 16th round of the 2013 MLB draft. In 2017, he played for the San Jose Giants of the Class A-Advanced California League. He was promoted to the Richmond Flying Squirrels of the Class AA Eastern League in 2018. Arenado's brother is Nolan Arenado. Seth Corry (born November 3, 1998) is an American professional baseball pitcher in the San Francisco Giants organization. Corry attended Lone Peak High School in Highland, Utah."], "answer": {"text": "Since 1997,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was John Miller's job with the San Francisco Giants?", "answer": {"text": "Miller has been the primary play-by-play voice of the San Francisco Giants", "answer_start": 12, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2060361b736846eb83503eb00cac9f9a_1_q#2", "question": "How many seasons did he work with the Giants?", "rewrite": "How many seasons did John Miller work with the San Francisco Giants?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Larry Baer Laurence M. Baer is the Chief Executive Officer of the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball. He succeeded Bill Neukom on January 1, 2012. Born to a Jewish family, Baer attended Lowell High School in San Francisco and the University of California, Berkeley. He served as the sports director and business manager of KALX, the student-run radio station. As a junior, he negotiated with Oakland Athletics' owner Charlie Finley to make KALX the official radio station of the Athletics for its first 16 games. Baer served as the play-by-play announcer. He graduated from Berkeley with a degree in political science in 1980. He joined the San Francisco Giants as their marketing director that year. He left the Giants to attend Harvard Business School and work for Westinghouse Broadcasting. Baer returned to the Giants to help form the ownership group that kept the team in San Francisco when an attempt was made to move the franchise to Tampa, Florida in 1992. Other members of the group include Charles Bartlett Johnson, Harmon Burns, Scott Seligman, Peter Magowan, Allan Byer, and David S. Wolff. In 1994, Baer established the first benefit by a professional sports team to fight AIDS. He succeeded Bill Neukom as the Giants' chief executive officer on January 1, 2012. He was added to the board of directors of the San Jose Giants, the Giants' Minor League Baseball affiliate in the Class A-Advanced California League, in April 2012. Under Baer\u2019s management, the San Francisco Giants won World Series championships in 2012 and 2014. He is married to Pamela Baer; they have four children and live in San Francisco. He and his wife are members of Congregation Emanu-El in San Francisco.", "San Francisco Giants minor league players Below are select minor league players and the rosters of the minor league affiliates of the San Francisco Giants: Melvin Adon (born June 9, 1994) is a Dominican professional baseball pitcher in the San Francisco Giants organization. Adon signed the San Francisco Giants as an international free agent in 2015. He made his professional debut that year with the Dominican Summer League Giants, pitching to a 4-0 record with a 2.48 ERA in 14 starts. He pitched for the Salem-Keizer Volcanoes in 2016, going 5-5 with a 5.48 ERA in 14 starts, and the Augusta GreenJackets in 2017, pitching to a 3-11 record with a 4.35 ERA in 23 games (19 starts). Adon played 2018 with the Arizona League Giants and San Jose Giants, compiling a combined 2-6 record and 5.03 ERA in 18 games (15 starts) between the two teams. After the season, he pitched in the Arizona Fall League and was named to the Fall Stars Game. The Giants also added him to their 40-man roster after the season. He began 2019 with the Richmond Flying Squirrels. Jonah Arenado (born February 3, 1995) is an American professional baseball third baseman for the San Francisco Giants organization. Arenado attended El Toro High School in Lake Forest, California. The San Francisco Giants selected him in the 16th round of the 2013 MLB draft. In 2017, he played for the San Jose Giants of the Class A-Advanced California League. He was promoted to the Richmond Flying Squirrels of the Class AA Eastern League in 2018. Arenado's brother is Nolan Arenado. Seth Corry (born November 3, 1998) is an American professional baseball pitcher in the San Francisco Giants organization. Corry attended Lone Peak High School in Highland, Utah.", "List of San Francisco Giants Opening Day starting pitchers The San Francisco Giants are a Major League Baseball franchise based in San Francisco, California. They moved to San Francisco from New York City in 1958. They play in the National League West division. The first game of the new baseball season for a team is played on Opening Day, and being named the Opening Day starter is an honor, which is often given to the player who is expected to lead the pitching staff that season, though there are various strategic reasons why a team's best pitcher might not start on Opening Day. Through 2016, the Giants have used 30 different Opening Day starting pitchers in their 58 seasons since moving to San Francisco. The 30 starters have a combined Opening Day record of 27 wins, 16 losses and 16 no decisions. No decisions are only awarded to the starting pitcher if the game is won or lost after the starting pitcher has left the game. The first Opening Day game for the San Francisco Giants was played against the Los Angeles Dodgers on April 15, 1958 at Seals Stadium, the Giants' first home ball park in San Francisco. Rub\u00e9n G\u00f3mez was the Giants' Opening Day starting pitcher that day, in a game the Giants lost 8\u20130. That was the Giants' only Opening Day game at Seals Stadium. They also played in two other home parks in San Francisco: Candlestick Park from 1960 to 1999, and AT&T Park, previously called PacBell Park and SBC Park, since 2000. The Giants' Opening Day starting pitchers had a record of seven wins, three losses and seven no decisions at Candlestick Park and have a record of two wins, one loss and one no decision at AT&T Park. That gives the San Francisco Giants' Opening Day starting pitchers a total home record of 10 wins, 4 losses and 8 no decisions. Their record in Opening Day road games is 17 wins, 12 losses, and 8 no decisions.", "2012 San Francisco Giants season The San Francisco Giants are an American baseball team. Their 2012 season marked their 130th year in Major League Baseball, as well as their 55th year in San Francisco since their move from New York following the 1957 season, and the thirteenth at AT&T Park. The Giants finished with a record of 94\u201368, 1st place in the NL West, and pulled off a massive upset over the Cincinnati Reds in five games in the Division Series thereby becoming the first National League team (8th in MLB History) to come back from a 2\u20130 deficit in a best-of-five series by sweeping three games in the opponent's park. The Giants defeated the St. Louis Cardinals in seven games after overcoming a 3-1 deficit in the NL Championship Series and advancing to the 2012 World Series to face the Detroit Tigers. They swept the Tigers in four games to win their second World Series title in three years. The San Francisco Giants defeated the Cincinnati Reds to advance to the 2012 National League Championship Series. 9:37 p.m. (EDT) at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California Sunday, October 7, 2012 \u2013 9:37 pm (ET) at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California Tuesday, October 9, 2012 at Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati Wednesday, October 10, 2012 at Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati Thursday, October 11, 2012 at Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati The San Francisco Giants defeated the St. Louis Cardinals for the National League title. Sunday, October 14, 2012 at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California Monday, October 15, 2012 at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California Wednesday, October 17, 2012 at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri Thursday, October 18, 2012 at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri Friday, October 19, 2012 at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri", "Minnie Minoso, Chicago White Sox on at US Cellular Field, Chicago Iiinois. Chicago White Sox, Jose Pagan, San Francisco Giants on June 23, 2002, San Francisco, California. Luis Polonia, New York Yankees, Newark, New Jersey. Ivan 'Pudge\" Rodriguez, Texas Rangers, on August 2, 2012 at Comerica Park, Detroit, Michigan. Arturo Santo Domingo, Major League Baseball, Diego Segui, Oakland Athletics on July 6, 2012 at the Bartle Hall Convention Center, Kansas City, Missouri. Pedro Sierra, Negro Leagues, Major League Baseball, Valmy Thomas, San Francisco Giants on June 23, 2002, San Francisco, California. Jose Uribe, San Francisco Giants on June 23, 2002, San Francisco, California. Luis Aparicio was inducted into the HHBMHOF at the 73rd Annual All Star Game Fan Fest at the Moscone East Center, San Francisco, California. On December 27, 2007 Mr. Millito Navarro (101 years old) was inducted into the HHBMHOF at the Pancho Coimbre Museum in Ponce, Puerto Rico. This was the HHBMHOF first induction outside the Continental United States. The first Award of Merit was awarded on July 10, 1998 to Juan Navarette, Mexican Baseball Hall of Famer at the McAfee Coliseum, Oakland, California. Award of Merit winners Rolando Arojo, Carlos Baerga, Frank Castillo, Coco Crisp, Juan Diaz, Nomar Garciaparra, Rich Garces, Pedro Matinez, Jose Offerman, Manny Ramirez, Freddy Sanchez, Rey Sanchez, Ugueth Urbina. On May 26, 2000 the San Francisco Giants recognize the HHBMHOF."], "answer": {"text": "In February 2007, he signed a six-year extension to remain the voice of the Giants through the 2012 season.", "answer_start": 207}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was John Miller's job with the San Francisco Giants?", "answer": {"text": "Miller has been the primary play-by-play voice of the San Francisco Giants", "answer_start": 12, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he start working with the Giants?", "answer": {"text": "Since 1997,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2060361b736846eb83503eb00cac9f9a_1_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than John Miller's contract with the San Francisco Giants, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["San Francisco Giants minor league players Below are select minor league players and the rosters of the minor league affiliates of the San Francisco Giants: Melvin Adon (born June 9, 1994) is a Dominican professional baseball pitcher in the San Francisco Giants organization. Adon signed the San Francisco Giants as an international free agent in 2015. He made his professional debut that year with the Dominican Summer League Giants, pitching to a 4-0 record with a 2.48 ERA in 14 starts. He pitched for the Salem-Keizer Volcanoes in 2016, going 5-5 with a 5.48 ERA in 14 starts, and the Augusta GreenJackets in 2017, pitching to a 3-11 record with a 4.35 ERA in 23 games (19 starts). Adon played 2018 with the Arizona League Giants and San Jose Giants, compiling a combined 2-6 record and 5.03 ERA in 18 games (15 starts) between the two teams. After the season, he pitched in the Arizona Fall League and was named to the Fall Stars Game. The Giants also added him to their 40-man roster after the season. He began 2019 with the Richmond Flying Squirrels. Jonah Arenado (born February 3, 1995) is an American professional baseball third baseman for the San Francisco Giants organization. Arenado attended El Toro High School in Lake Forest, California. The San Francisco Giants selected him in the 16th round of the 2013 MLB draft. In 2017, he played for the San Jose Giants of the Class A-Advanced California League. He was promoted to the Richmond Flying Squirrels of the Class AA Eastern League in 2018. Arenado's brother is Nolan Arenado. Seth Corry (born November 3, 1998) is an American professional baseball pitcher in the San Francisco Giants organization. Corry attended Lone Peak High School in Highland, Utah.", "Larry Baer Laurence M. Baer is the Chief Executive Officer of the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball. He succeeded Bill Neukom on January 1, 2012. Born to a Jewish family, Baer attended Lowell High School in San Francisco and the University of California, Berkeley. He served as the sports director and business manager of KALX, the student-run radio station. As a junior, he negotiated with Oakland Athletics' owner Charlie Finley to make KALX the official radio station of the Athletics for its first 16 games. Baer served as the play-by-play announcer. He graduated from Berkeley with a degree in political science in 1980. He joined the San Francisco Giants as their marketing director that year. He left the Giants to attend Harvard Business School and work for Westinghouse Broadcasting. Baer returned to the Giants to help form the ownership group that kept the team in San Francisco when an attempt was made to move the franchise to Tampa, Florida in 1992. Other members of the group include Charles Bartlett Johnson, Harmon Burns, Scott Seligman, Peter Magowan, Allan Byer, and David S. Wolff. In 1994, Baer established the first benefit by a professional sports team to fight AIDS. He succeeded Bill Neukom as the Giants' chief executive officer on January 1, 2012. He was added to the board of directors of the San Jose Giants, the Giants' Minor League Baseball affiliate in the Class A-Advanced California League, in April 2012. Under Baer\u2019s management, the San Francisco Giants won World Series championships in 2012 and 2014. He is married to Pamela Baer; they have four children and live in San Francisco. He and his wife are members of Congregation Emanu-El in San Francisco.", "2012 San Francisco Giants season The San Francisco Giants are an American baseball team. Their 2012 season marked their 130th year in Major League Baseball, as well as their 55th year in San Francisco since their move from New York following the 1957 season, and the thirteenth at AT&T Park. The Giants finished with a record of 94\u201368, 1st place in the NL West, and pulled off a massive upset over the Cincinnati Reds in five games in the Division Series thereby becoming the first National League team (8th in MLB History) to come back from a 2\u20130 deficit in a best-of-five series by sweeping three games in the opponent's park. The Giants defeated the St. Louis Cardinals in seven games after overcoming a 3-1 deficit in the NL Championship Series and advancing to the 2012 World Series to face the Detroit Tigers. They swept the Tigers in four games to win their second World Series title in three years. The San Francisco Giants defeated the Cincinnati Reds to advance to the 2012 National League Championship Series. 9:37 p.m. (EDT) at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California Sunday, October 7, 2012 \u2013 9:37 pm (ET) at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California Tuesday, October 9, 2012 at Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati Wednesday, October 10, 2012 at Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati Thursday, October 11, 2012 at Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati The San Francisco Giants defeated the St. Louis Cardinals for the National League title. Sunday, October 14, 2012 at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California Monday, October 15, 2012 at AT&T Park in San Francisco, California Wednesday, October 17, 2012 at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri Thursday, October 18, 2012 at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri Friday, October 19, 2012 at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri", "Minnie Minoso, Chicago White Sox on at US Cellular Field, Chicago Iiinois. Chicago White Sox, Jose Pagan, San Francisco Giants on June 23, 2002, San Francisco, California. Luis Polonia, New York Yankees, Newark, New Jersey. Ivan 'Pudge\" Rodriguez, Texas Rangers, on August 2, 2012 at Comerica Park, Detroit, Michigan. Arturo Santo Domingo, Major League Baseball, Diego Segui, Oakland Athletics on July 6, 2012 at the Bartle Hall Convention Center, Kansas City, Missouri. Pedro Sierra, Negro Leagues, Major League Baseball, Valmy Thomas, San Francisco Giants on June 23, 2002, San Francisco, California. Jose Uribe, San Francisco Giants on June 23, 2002, San Francisco, California. Luis Aparicio was inducted into the HHBMHOF at the 73rd Annual All Star Game Fan Fest at the Moscone East Center, San Francisco, California. On December 27, 2007 Mr. Millito Navarro (101 years old) was inducted into the HHBMHOF at the Pancho Coimbre Museum in Ponce, Puerto Rico. This was the HHBMHOF first induction outside the Continental United States. The first Award of Merit was awarded on July 10, 1998 to Juan Navarette, Mexican Baseball Hall of Famer at the McAfee Coliseum, Oakland, California. Award of Merit winners Rolando Arojo, Carlos Baerga, Frank Castillo, Coco Crisp, Juan Diaz, Nomar Garciaparra, Rich Garces, Pedro Matinez, Jose Offerman, Manny Ramirez, Freddy Sanchez, Rey Sanchez, Ugueth Urbina. On May 26, 2000 the San Francisco Giants recognize the HHBMHOF.", "List of San Francisco Giants Opening Day starting pitchers The San Francisco Giants are a Major League Baseball franchise based in San Francisco, California. They moved to San Francisco from New York City in 1958. They play in the National League West division. The first game of the new baseball season for a team is played on Opening Day, and being named the Opening Day starter is an honor, which is often given to the player who is expected to lead the pitching staff that season, though there are various strategic reasons why a team's best pitcher might not start on Opening Day. Through 2016, the Giants have used 30 different Opening Day starting pitchers in their 58 seasons since moving to San Francisco. The 30 starters have a combined Opening Day record of 27 wins, 16 losses and 16 no decisions. No decisions are only awarded to the starting pitcher if the game is won or lost after the starting pitcher has left the game. The first Opening Day game for the San Francisco Giants was played against the Los Angeles Dodgers on April 15, 1958 at Seals Stadium, the Giants' first home ball park in San Francisco. Rub\u00e9n G\u00f3mez was the Giants' Opening Day starting pitcher that day, in a game the Giants lost 8\u20130. That was the Giants' only Opening Day game at Seals Stadium. They also played in two other home parks in San Francisco: Candlestick Park from 1960 to 1999, and AT&T Park, previously called PacBell Park and SBC Park, since 2000. The Giants' Opening Day starting pitchers had a record of seven wins, three losses and seven no decisions at Candlestick Park and have a record of two wins, one loss and one no decision at AT&T Park. That gives the San Francisco Giants' Opening Day starting pitchers a total home record of 10 wins, 4 losses and 8 no decisions. Their record in Opening Day road games is 17 wins, 12 losses, and 8 no decisions."], "answer": {"text": "On April 7, 2016, Miller accidentally called a grand slam by Hunter Pence for Buster Posey, but corrected himself mid-sentence:", "answer_start": 1390}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was John Miller's job with the San Francisco Giants?", "answer": {"text": "Miller has been the primary play-by-play voice of the San Francisco Giants", "answer_start": 12, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he start working with the Giants?", "answer": {"text": "Since 1997,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many seasons did he work with the Giants?", "answer": {"text": "In February 2007, he signed a six-year extension to remain the voice of the Giants through the 2012 season.", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is his contract with the Giants worth?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has he worked for other baseball teams?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6dd350c6c8654bd5bba052f09be66a2a_1_q#0", "question": "What motion pictures did Bing Crosby star in?", "rewrite": "What motion pictures did Bing Crosby star in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He is always himself.\" \"Variety\" said: \" Bing Crosby, back with a bundle of tuneful melodies, nonchalantly meanders through a light romance of the Prince Charming-peasant Cinderella type, displaying a more convincing personality than heretofore. With a group of known featured names surrounding Crosby, aiding considerably in dishing out the entertainment factors, picture is heading for substantial boxoffice... There\u2019s a greater ease and assurance displayed by Crosby in his handling of the lead spot than previously. He times his lines better, and gives a corking performance throughout. . . Crosby\u2019s four songs are exceptional... \" \"I Have Eyes\" (Ralph Rainger / Leo Robin) sung by Bing Crosby and Shirley Ross. \"You're a Sweet Little Headache\" (Ralph Rainger / Leo Robin) sung by Bing Crosby. \"The Funny Old Hills\" (Ralph Rainger / Leo Robin) sung by Bing Crosby. \"Joobalai\" (Ralph Rainger / Leo Robin) sung by Bing Crosby. \"I Ain't Got Nobody\" sung by Bing Crosby. \"Bulgarian Rose Song\" (Ralph Rainger / Leo Robin) sung by chorus. Bing Crosby recorded five of the songs for Decca Records. \"I Have Eyes\", \"You're a Sweet Little Headache\" and \"The Funny Old Hills\" all achieved top ten positions in the charts. Crosby's songs were also included in the Bing's Hollywood series.", "William Morrow (screenwriter) William S. Morrow (August 16, 1907 \u2013 February 5, 1971) \u2013 usually known as Bill \u2013 was a comedic screenwriter and producer who wrote scripts for radio, films and television. He launched his writing career with Jack Benny in 1938 and for 25 years was Bing Crosby's top writer. He arrived in Los Angeles with Eddie Beloin from Chicago to work on Jack Benny's writing staff, and he remained with the comedian until entering the Armed Forces in 1942. During his time with Jack Benny, he wrote for two of Benny\u2019s films, \"Love Thy Neighbor\" (1940) and \"Buck Benny Rides Again\" (1940), as well as for the star vehicle \"Tales of Manhattan\" (1942). Released from the Armed Forces in 1945, he joined Bing Crosby and not only worked on his radio shows but on his films and television shows as well. His first assignment with Crosby was as co-producer and writer for \"Philco Radio Time\" and he continued in this role through the crooner\u2019s subsequent radio series: \"The Bing Crosby \u2013 Chesterfield Show\" (1949-1952); \"The Bing Crosby Show for General Electric\" (1952\u20131954); \" The Bing Crosby Show (1954-1956)\"; \"A Christmas Sing with Bing\" (1955\u20131962); \"The Ford Road Show Featuring Bing Crosby\" (1957\u20131958) and \"The Bing Crosby \u2013 Rosemary Clooney Show\" (1960\u20131962). He scripted the Hope / Crosby film \"Road to Bali\" and also wrote for \"The Colgate Comedy Hour\" and \"The Frank Sinatra Show\" (1957-1958). He wrote Crosby\u2019s first TV show and many of his specials including the prestigious \"Edsel Show\". He also was associated with late producer Robert Welch at Paramount Pictures.", "Please (film) Please is a 1933 short musical comedy film directed and produced by Arvid E. Gillstrom. It stars Bing Crosby as himself along with Vernon Dent and Mary Kornman. Elmer Smoot and Bing Crosby both have a crush on vocal teacher Beth Sawyer, who is sponsoring an upcoming music recital. Smoot is an aspiring singer who hopes to run Bing Crosby off the radio, though he doesn't realize Crosby's identity when he meets him. They become bitter rivals for Sawyer's affection. At the recital, as Smoot sings the old-fashioned song \"Dear Old Girl,\" Crosby's dog runs loose onto the stage and ruins Smoot's performance. Though Crosby didn't intend for this to happen, Sawyer is embarrassed and angry. Crosby, using the pseudonym of Howard Jones, croons the song \" I Don't Stand a Ghost of a Chance with You\" and wins the audience over. Sawyer is pleased. While Crosby sings, Smoot finds a signed photograph of Bing Crosby and notices the resemblance between him and \"Howard Jones\". When the song is over, he rushes to the stage and informs the audience that Howard Jones is indeed Bing Crosby. This amuses the audience, and Sawyer is humiliated. Later, Sawyer is surprised by Crosby singing \"Please\" through her window. Sawyer forgives him, and they kiss. They drive away passing a garage where Smoot is destroying what he erroneously thinks is Crosby's car. The Film Daily liked it saying: \"Between Bing Crosby\u2019s several vocal numbers and the intervening comedy sequences this Arvid E. Gillstrom two-reeler manages to be consistently entertaining. Crosby, driving along the road, does a little flirting with Mary Kornman, who turns out to be a voice teacher. So he stops at her place for lessons.", "An album of Hawaiian themed songs. Bing Crosby Sings the Great Country Hits. Country and western songs. America, I Hear You Singing. A a collection of patriotic songs that were recorded with Frank Sinatra. Robin and the 7 Hoods. The score from the film of the same name. 12 Songs of Christmas. Christmas songs with Frank Sinatra and Fred Waring and the Pennsylvanians. That Travelin' Two-Beat was another album with Rosemary Clooney. Bing Crosby's Treasury - The Songs I Love. Twelve tracks recorded for a mail order firm. Thoroughly Modern Bing. Bing's first album for this label. Bing Crosby's Treasury - The Songs I Love (1968 version). Another record set for Longines, this time with 36 Crosby vocals. Hey Jude / Hey Bing!. An album of contemporary songs recorded with Jimmy Bowen. Goldilocks. The soundtrack from the TV film starring Bing Crosby and his family. A Time to Be Jolly. Christmas themed songs recorded for Sonny Burke's record company. Bing 'n' Basie. Another album for Daybreak Records with Count Basie. A Southern Memoir. Recorded by Bing Crosby at his own expense and leased to the English branch of Decca who issued it on Decca's London label. Bingo Viejo. Another album recorded by Bing Crosby at his own expense and leased to Decca. He called this his 'Mexican' album. That's What Life Is All About. The first album for Ken Barnes. A Couple of Song and Dance Men. Another one for Ken Barnes, this time with Fred Astaire. Tom Sawyer. A reading by Bing Crosby of an abridged version of Mark Twain\u2019s classic story The Adventures of Tom Sawyer spread over a 3-LP set. At My Time of Life. Another Ken Barnes production. Mainly show tunes. Bing Crosby Live at the London Palladium.", "International Club Crosby The International Club Crosby (ICC) was founded in 1936 in the United States and, is, in effect, the \u201cBing Crosby Fan Club.\u201d As such it is the World's longest-running fan club, and is duly recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records. It has some 550 active supporters in major countries around the globe. To perpetuate the memory and the musical legacy of Bing Crosby for the benefit of future generations. The ICC produces the professionally printed 56-page magazine \"BING\" which is issued in spring, summer and winter each year. Also the club has published discographies, books about Bing's TV and radio work, club calendars and has been instrumental in having many Crosby LPs and CDs issued, the most recent being the \"Through the Years\" series and \"Lost Radio Recordings\". ICC officials have been heavily involved in various television and radio documentaries about Crosby over the years notably the Landseer Productions television documentary \"Bing Crosby\u2014The Voice of the Century\" in 1999, which was shown on the Bravo channel in December 2000, and the KSPS-TV documentary \"Bing Crosby - Going My Way\" originally shown in the US in 2003 and subsequently made available on video. Other documentaries with strong ICC help were the BBC Radio 4 documentary \"Bing Crosby Meets... \" broadcast on December 29, 2001, the BBC2-TV documentary \"Bing On Bing\", shown on December 25, 2002 and the Crosby episode in the BBC-TV series \"Living Famously\" which was initially shown in the UK in 2003 and in Australia in 2004. The ICC also assisted the BBC Radio 4 team in 2006 with their program about Bing Crosby's appearance at the London Palladium \"For One Night Only\". More recently, ICC members contributed to the PBS documentary \"Bing Crosby: Rediscovered\" shown in December 2014."], "answer": {"text": "Crosby starred with Bob Hope and Dorothy Lamour in seven Road to musical comedies between 1940 and 1962,", "answer_start": 1254}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6dd350c6c8654bd5bba052f09be66a2a_1_q#1", "question": "Who were some of his co-stars?", "rewrite": "Who were some of Bing Crosby's co-stars?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["International Club Crosby The International Club Crosby (ICC) was founded in 1936 in the United States and, is, in effect, the \u201cBing Crosby Fan Club.\u201d As such it is the World's longest-running fan club, and is duly recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records. It has some 550 active supporters in major countries around the globe. To perpetuate the memory and the musical legacy of Bing Crosby for the benefit of future generations. The ICC produces the professionally printed 56-page magazine \"BING\" which is issued in spring, summer and winter each year. Also the club has published discographies, books about Bing's TV and radio work, club calendars and has been instrumental in having many Crosby LPs and CDs issued, the most recent being the \"Through the Years\" series and \"Lost Radio Recordings\". ICC officials have been heavily involved in various television and radio documentaries about Crosby over the years notably the Landseer Productions television documentary \"Bing Crosby\u2014The Voice of the Century\" in 1999, which was shown on the Bravo channel in December 2000, and the KSPS-TV documentary \"Bing Crosby - Going My Way\" originally shown in the US in 2003 and subsequently made available on video. Other documentaries with strong ICC help were the BBC Radio 4 documentary \"Bing Crosby Meets... \" broadcast on December 29, 2001, the BBC2-TV documentary \"Bing On Bing\", shown on December 25, 2002 and the Crosby episode in the BBC-TV series \"Living Famously\" which was initially shown in the UK in 2003 and in Australia in 2004. The ICC also assisted the BBC Radio 4 team in 2006 with their program about Bing Crosby's appearance at the London Palladium \"For One Night Only\". More recently, ICC members contributed to the PBS documentary \"Bing Crosby: Rediscovered\" shown in December 2014.", "Please (film) Please is a 1933 short musical comedy film directed and produced by Arvid E. Gillstrom. It stars Bing Crosby as himself along with Vernon Dent and Mary Kornman. Elmer Smoot and Bing Crosby both have a crush on vocal teacher Beth Sawyer, who is sponsoring an upcoming music recital. Smoot is an aspiring singer who hopes to run Bing Crosby off the radio, though he doesn't realize Crosby's identity when he meets him. They become bitter rivals for Sawyer's affection. At the recital, as Smoot sings the old-fashioned song \"Dear Old Girl,\" Crosby's dog runs loose onto the stage and ruins Smoot's performance. Though Crosby didn't intend for this to happen, Sawyer is embarrassed and angry. Crosby, using the pseudonym of Howard Jones, croons the song \" I Don't Stand a Ghost of a Chance with You\" and wins the audience over. Sawyer is pleased. While Crosby sings, Smoot finds a signed photograph of Bing Crosby and notices the resemblance between him and \"Howard Jones\". When the song is over, he rushes to the stage and informs the audience that Howard Jones is indeed Bing Crosby. This amuses the audience, and Sawyer is humiliated. Later, Sawyer is surprised by Crosby singing \"Please\" through her window. Sawyer forgives him, and they kiss. They drive away passing a garage where Smoot is destroying what he erroneously thinks is Crosby's car. The Film Daily liked it saying: \"Between Bing Crosby\u2019s several vocal numbers and the intervening comedy sequences this Arvid E. Gillstrom two-reeler manages to be consistently entertaining. Crosby, driving along the road, does a little flirting with Mary Kornman, who turns out to be a voice teacher. So he stops at her place for lessons.", "An album of Hawaiian themed songs. Bing Crosby Sings the Great Country Hits. Country and western songs. America, I Hear You Singing. A a collection of patriotic songs that were recorded with Frank Sinatra. Robin and the 7 Hoods. The score from the film of the same name. 12 Songs of Christmas. Christmas songs with Frank Sinatra and Fred Waring and the Pennsylvanians. That Travelin' Two-Beat was another album with Rosemary Clooney. Bing Crosby's Treasury - The Songs I Love. Twelve tracks recorded for a mail order firm. Thoroughly Modern Bing. Bing's first album for this label. Bing Crosby's Treasury - The Songs I Love (1968 version). Another record set for Longines, this time with 36 Crosby vocals. Hey Jude / Hey Bing!. An album of contemporary songs recorded with Jimmy Bowen. Goldilocks. The soundtrack from the TV film starring Bing Crosby and his family. A Time to Be Jolly. Christmas themed songs recorded for Sonny Burke's record company. Bing 'n' Basie. Another album for Daybreak Records with Count Basie. A Southern Memoir. Recorded by Bing Crosby at his own expense and leased to the English branch of Decca who issued it on Decca's London label. Bingo Viejo. Another album recorded by Bing Crosby at his own expense and leased to Decca. He called this his 'Mexican' album. That's What Life Is All About. The first album for Ken Barnes. A Couple of Song and Dance Men. Another one for Ken Barnes, this time with Fred Astaire. Tom Sawyer. A reading by Bing Crosby of an abridged version of Mark Twain\u2019s classic story The Adventures of Tom Sawyer spread over a 3-LP set. At My Time of Life. Another Ken Barnes production. Mainly show tunes. Bing Crosby Live at the London Palladium.", "William Morrow (screenwriter) William S. Morrow (August 16, 1907 \u2013 February 5, 1971) \u2013 usually known as Bill \u2013 was a comedic screenwriter and producer who wrote scripts for radio, films and television. He launched his writing career with Jack Benny in 1938 and for 25 years was Bing Crosby's top writer. He arrived in Los Angeles with Eddie Beloin from Chicago to work on Jack Benny's writing staff, and he remained with the comedian until entering the Armed Forces in 1942. During his time with Jack Benny, he wrote for two of Benny\u2019s films, \"Love Thy Neighbor\" (1940) and \"Buck Benny Rides Again\" (1940), as well as for the star vehicle \"Tales of Manhattan\" (1942). Released from the Armed Forces in 1945, he joined Bing Crosby and not only worked on his radio shows but on his films and television shows as well. His first assignment with Crosby was as co-producer and writer for \"Philco Radio Time\" and he continued in this role through the crooner\u2019s subsequent radio series: \"The Bing Crosby \u2013 Chesterfield Show\" (1949-1952); \"The Bing Crosby Show for General Electric\" (1952\u20131954); \" The Bing Crosby Show (1954-1956)\"; \"A Christmas Sing with Bing\" (1955\u20131962); \"The Ford Road Show Featuring Bing Crosby\" (1957\u20131958) and \"The Bing Crosby \u2013 Rosemary Clooney Show\" (1960\u20131962). He scripted the Hope / Crosby film \"Road to Bali\" and also wrote for \"The Colgate Comedy Hour\" and \"The Frank Sinatra Show\" (1957-1958). He wrote Crosby\u2019s first TV show and many of his specials including the prestigious \"Edsel Show\". He also was associated with late producer Robert Welch at Paramount Pictures.", "He is always himself.\" \"Variety\" said: \" Bing Crosby, back with a bundle of tuneful melodies, nonchalantly meanders through a light romance of the Prince Charming-peasant Cinderella type, displaying a more convincing personality than heretofore. With a group of known featured names surrounding Crosby, aiding considerably in dishing out the entertainment factors, picture is heading for substantial boxoffice... There\u2019s a greater ease and assurance displayed by Crosby in his handling of the lead spot than previously. He times his lines better, and gives a corking performance throughout. . . Crosby\u2019s four songs are exceptional... \" \"I Have Eyes\" (Ralph Rainger / Leo Robin) sung by Bing Crosby and Shirley Ross. \"You're a Sweet Little Headache\" (Ralph Rainger / Leo Robin) sung by Bing Crosby. \"The Funny Old Hills\" (Ralph Rainger / Leo Robin) sung by Bing Crosby. \"Joobalai\" (Ralph Rainger / Leo Robin) sung by Bing Crosby. \"I Ain't Got Nobody\" sung by Bing Crosby. \"Bulgarian Rose Song\" (Ralph Rainger / Leo Robin) sung by chorus. Bing Crosby recorded five of the songs for Decca Records. \"I Have Eyes\", \"You're a Sweet Little Headache\" and \"The Funny Old Hills\" all achieved top ten positions in the charts. Crosby's songs were also included in the Bing's Hollywood series."], "answer": {"text": "Dorothy Lamour, whom Crosby felt was getting too old for the role,", "answer_start": 979}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What motion pictures did Bing Crosby star in?", "answer": {"text": "Crosby starred with Bob Hope and Dorothy Lamour in seven Road to musical comedies between 1940 and 1962,", "answer_start": 1254, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_6dd350c6c8654bd5bba052f09be66a2a_1_q#2", "question": "What were the titles for the seven Road to musical comedies?", "rewrite": "What were the titles for the seven Road to musical comedies that Bing Crosby starred in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Please (film) Please is a 1933 short musical comedy film directed and produced by Arvid E. Gillstrom. It stars Bing Crosby as himself along with Vernon Dent and Mary Kornman. Elmer Smoot and Bing Crosby both have a crush on vocal teacher Beth Sawyer, who is sponsoring an upcoming music recital. Smoot is an aspiring singer who hopes to run Bing Crosby off the radio, though he doesn't realize Crosby's identity when he meets him. They become bitter rivals for Sawyer's affection. At the recital, as Smoot sings the old-fashioned song \"Dear Old Girl,\" Crosby's dog runs loose onto the stage and ruins Smoot's performance. Though Crosby didn't intend for this to happen, Sawyer is embarrassed and angry. Crosby, using the pseudonym of Howard Jones, croons the song \" I Don't Stand a Ghost of a Chance with You\" and wins the audience over. Sawyer is pleased. While Crosby sings, Smoot finds a signed photograph of Bing Crosby and notices the resemblance between him and \"Howard Jones\". When the song is over, he rushes to the stage and informs the audience that Howard Jones is indeed Bing Crosby. This amuses the audience, and Sawyer is humiliated. Later, Sawyer is surprised by Crosby singing \"Please\" through her window. Sawyer forgives him, and they kiss. They drive away passing a garage where Smoot is destroying what he erroneously thinks is Crosby's car. The Film Daily liked it saying: \"Between Bing Crosby\u2019s several vocal numbers and the intervening comedy sequences this Arvid E. Gillstrom two-reeler manages to be consistently entertaining. Crosby, driving along the road, does a little flirting with Mary Kornman, who turns out to be a voice teacher. So he stops at her place for lessons.", "Singing with the Arnheim Orchestra, Bing's solos began to steal the show, while the Rhythm Boys act gradually became redundant. Harry Barris wrote several of Crosby's subsequent hits including \"At Your Command\", \"I Surrender Dear\", and \"Wrap Your Troubles In Dreams\". In the early months of 1931, a solo recording contract came Bing's way, Mack Sennett signed him to make film shorts and a break with the Rhythm Boys became almost inevitable. Bing had married Dixie Lee in September 1930 and after a threatened divorce in March 1931, he started to apply himself seriously to his career. His gramophone records in 1931 broke new ground as his powerful and emotional singing started to change the face of popular music forever. Their low salaries at the Cocoanut Grove of the Ambassador Hotel had led the Rhythm Boys to walk out, causing union problems for Bing. Bing's brother, Everett, interested Bill Paley of CBS in his brother and Paley beckoned Bing to come to New York. A settlement was reached with the Ambassador Hotel and Bing made his first solo national radio broadcast in September 1931 and then went on to star at the New York Paramount Theatre. In the wake of a solid decade of headlining mainly smash hit musical comedy films in the 1930s, Crosby starred with Bob Hope and Dorothy Lamour in seven Road to musical comedies between 1940 and 1962, cementing Crosby and Hope as an on-and-off duo, despite never officially declaring themselves a \"team\" in the sense that Laurel and Hardy or Martin and Lewis (Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis) were teams. The series consists of Road to Singapore (1940), Road to Zanzibar (1941), Road to Morocco (1942), Road to Utopia (1946), Road to Rio (1947), Road to Bali (1952), and The Road to Hong Kong (1962).", "William Morrow (screenwriter) William S. Morrow (August 16, 1907 \u2013 February 5, 1971) \u2013 usually known as Bill \u2013 was a comedic screenwriter and producer who wrote scripts for radio, films and television. He launched his writing career with Jack Benny in 1938 and for 25 years was Bing Crosby's top writer. He arrived in Los Angeles with Eddie Beloin from Chicago to work on Jack Benny's writing staff, and he remained with the comedian until entering the Armed Forces in 1942. During his time with Jack Benny, he wrote for two of Benny\u2019s films, \"Love Thy Neighbor\" (1940) and \"Buck Benny Rides Again\" (1940), as well as for the star vehicle \"Tales of Manhattan\" (1942). Released from the Armed Forces in 1945, he joined Bing Crosby and not only worked on his radio shows but on his films and television shows as well. His first assignment with Crosby was as co-producer and writer for \"Philco Radio Time\" and he continued in this role through the crooner\u2019s subsequent radio series: \"The Bing Crosby \u2013 Chesterfield Show\" (1949-1952); \"The Bing Crosby Show for General Electric\" (1952\u20131954); \" The Bing Crosby Show (1954-1956)\"; \"A Christmas Sing with Bing\" (1955\u20131962); \"The Ford Road Show Featuring Bing Crosby\" (1957\u20131958) and \"The Bing Crosby \u2013 Rosemary Clooney Show\" (1960\u20131962). He scripted the Hope / Crosby film \"Road to Bali\" and also wrote for \"The Colgate Comedy Hour\" and \"The Frank Sinatra Show\" (1957-1958). He wrote Crosby\u2019s first TV show and many of his specials including the prestigious \"Edsel Show\". He also was associated with late producer Robert Welch at Paramount Pictures.", "An album of Hawaiian themed songs. Bing Crosby Sings the Great Country Hits. Country and western songs. America, I Hear You Singing. A a collection of patriotic songs that were recorded with Frank Sinatra. Robin and the 7 Hoods. The score from the film of the same name. 12 Songs of Christmas. Christmas songs with Frank Sinatra and Fred Waring and the Pennsylvanians. That Travelin' Two-Beat was another album with Rosemary Clooney. Bing Crosby's Treasury - The Songs I Love. Twelve tracks recorded for a mail order firm. Thoroughly Modern Bing. Bing's first album for this label. Bing Crosby's Treasury - The Songs I Love (1968 version). Another record set for Longines, this time with 36 Crosby vocals. Hey Jude / Hey Bing!. An album of contemporary songs recorded with Jimmy Bowen. Goldilocks. The soundtrack from the TV film starring Bing Crosby and his family. A Time to Be Jolly. Christmas themed songs recorded for Sonny Burke's record company. Bing 'n' Basie. Another album for Daybreak Records with Count Basie. A Southern Memoir. Recorded by Bing Crosby at his own expense and leased to the English branch of Decca who issued it on Decca's London label. Bingo Viejo. Another album recorded by Bing Crosby at his own expense and leased to Decca. He called this his 'Mexican' album. That's What Life Is All About. The first album for Ken Barnes. A Couple of Song and Dance Men. Another one for Ken Barnes, this time with Fred Astaire. Tom Sawyer. A reading by Bing Crosby of an abridged version of Mark Twain\u2019s classic story The Adventures of Tom Sawyer spread over a 3-LP set. At My Time of Life. Another Ken Barnes production. Mainly show tunes. Bing Crosby Live at the London Palladium.", "International Club Crosby The International Club Crosby (ICC) was founded in 1936 in the United States and, is, in effect, the \u201cBing Crosby Fan Club.\u201d As such it is the World's longest-running fan club, and is duly recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records. It has some 550 active supporters in major countries around the globe. To perpetuate the memory and the musical legacy of Bing Crosby for the benefit of future generations. The ICC produces the professionally printed 56-page magazine \"BING\" which is issued in spring, summer and winter each year. Also the club has published discographies, books about Bing's TV and radio work, club calendars and has been instrumental in having many Crosby LPs and CDs issued, the most recent being the \"Through the Years\" series and \"Lost Radio Recordings\". ICC officials have been heavily involved in various television and radio documentaries about Crosby over the years notably the Landseer Productions television documentary \"Bing Crosby\u2014The Voice of the Century\" in 1999, which was shown on the Bravo channel in December 2000, and the KSPS-TV documentary \"Bing Crosby - Going My Way\" originally shown in the US in 2003 and subsequently made available on video. Other documentaries with strong ICC help were the BBC Radio 4 documentary \"Bing Crosby Meets... \" broadcast on December 29, 2001, the BBC2-TV documentary \"Bing On Bing\", shown on December 25, 2002 and the Crosby episode in the BBC-TV series \"Living Famously\" which was initially shown in the UK in 2003 and in Australia in 2004. The ICC also assisted the BBC Radio 4 team in 2006 with their program about Bing Crosby's appearance at the London Palladium \"For One Night Only\". More recently, ICC members contributed to the PBS documentary \"Bing Crosby: Rediscovered\" shown in December 2014."], "answer": {"text": "Road to Singapore (1940), Road to Zanzibar (1941), Road to Morocco (1942), Road to Utopia (1946), Road to Rio (1947), Road to Bali (1952), and The Road to Hong Kong", "answer_start": 1582}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What motion pictures did Bing Crosby star in?", "answer": {"text": "Crosby starred with Bob Hope and Dorothy Lamour in seven Road to musical comedies between 1940 and 1962,", "answer_start": 1254, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Who were some of his co-stars?", "answer": {"text": "Dorothy Lamour, whom Crosby felt was getting too old for the role,", "answer_start": 979, "bid": 3}}]}
{"qid": "C_6dd350c6c8654bd5bba052f09be66a2a_1_q#3", "question": "What year did the Road to Hong Kong come out?", "rewrite": "What year did the Road to Hong Kong come out?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This problem is common for special equipment in optical shops and among the residents of European origin. There are old electrical plugs that can be inserted into the British sockets BS 1363 or BS 546, but they do not meet the British Standards. Standards \"BS 1363\" or \"BS546\" are not marked on such old quasi-UK plugs. Some of them are missing the BS1362 plug fuse or the pins are lacking insulating sleeves, among other problems. Sockets of BS546 are incompatible with BS 1363 plugs. Compliant adaptors are not available to convert a BS546 5Amp socket to a BS 1363 13Amp one. See the page Common electrical adaptors in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom for information about how to use them safely. Some kinds of adaptors widely available in the United Kingdom are not available in Hong Kong. Moreover, the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department discourages the use of some adaptors in Hong Kong. The power cord of your equipment may be replaceable. In this case, new BS 1363 compliant power cords are available in electronic stores. It is common for users in the United Kingdom and Hong Kong to wire plugs themselves. In fact, the methodology is included in the physics syllabuses of the Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination and GCSE. Plugs and extension cables (BS 1363) sold in the UK and Hong Kong come with instructions on how to wire them safely. They are marked on the extension unit, or in form of a separate sheet. British standard adaptors are not always available for many kinds of non-UK plugs, including the 3-pin plugs from the mainland China. It is the only option to resolve the plug-and-socket compatibility problem in many cases. Many books and websites provide information about wiring a UK plug correctly.", "Weekend markets in Hong Kong In Hong Kong, there are organizers providing venues for small enterprises to sell their products. Many owners of the Instagram shops make use of the venues to turn their online business into physical retail stores. Weekend markets in Hong Kong consist of stalls hawking everything from jewelry to beauty products, from clothing to shoes and from traditional food to organic vegetables which will be mentioned as follows. The idea of weekend markets in Hong Kong come from London retail markets and have become popular since 2000s. The Hong Kong government has made great contribution to this retail culture. In 2013, The Hong Kong Cultural Centre launched the \"Creative Market in Partnership\u201d for creative talents to showcase their works. Experienced civil organizations including Po Leung Kuk and the Hong Kong Young Women \u2019s Christian Association were asked to set up thematic creative markets and provide helpers there. In short, the weekend markets provide a platform for young people to unleash their talent, for the racial minority to promote their cultural products and for the mentally disabled to make a living, together making our culture more diverse. Weekend markets have always been a channel for people to spend time with friends and family. The sellers specialize in a particular type of goods, below are some examples of weekend markets in Hong Kong. There are about seven weekend Farmers\u2019 Markets in Hong Kong selling organic vegetables that are grown locally, including Tai Po Farmers\u2019 Markets on Tai Wo Road and Tuen Mun Farmers' Market on Castle Peak Road. The stall holders are farmers who came from the New Territories. They cooperate with the organizer Federation of Vegetable Marketing Co-operative Societies to run their markets which attract over 3000 citizens every weekend. D2 Place is the new cultural and creativity hub in West Kowloon where people regularly organize weekend markets, aiming to promote local culture and encourage young people to develop their own business with the mission of \"Small Shops with Big Ideas\".", "Hong Kong Third A Division League Hong Kong Third ' A' Division League was a division of the third overall tier of the Hong Kong football league system organised by the Hong Kong Football Association in Hong Kong, along with Hong Kong Third 'District' Division League. It was folded in 2012 as Hong Kong Third 'A' Division League and Hong Kong Third 'District' Division League are merged into one. Hong Kong Third ' A' Division League is introduced in 1951. The first two teams of the league, with the first two teams of Hong Kong Third 'District' Division League, qualifies to the Hong Kong Third Division League Final Round. The champion and the second of the final round are promoted to the Hong Kong Second Division League. For other two teams, they are still in their third division league. Teams from this division, as well as from Hong Kong Third 'A' Division League, enter the Hong Kong Junior Challenge Shield. Project Phoenix is a project held by Hong Kong Football Association which aims to make changes on and help Hong Kong football to develop. The project suggests to merge Hong Kong Third 'A' Division League and Hong Kong Third 'District' Division League into one and form the Hong Kong Fourth Division League which will be the bottom tier of Hong Kong football league system. Starting from 2011\u201312 season, the two divisions of Hong Kong Third Division League will merge into one. Teams of Third Division League in the 2012\u201313 team are the 2 final round losing team and the 3rd to 10th placed teams of Hong Kong Third A Division League, along with the 3rd and 4th placed teams of Hong Kong Third District Division League. The remaining teams from Hong Kong Third A Division League and Hong Kong Third District Division League will compete in Hong Kong Fourth Division League in the 2012\u201313 season. Hong Kong Third Division League
Hong Kong Third District Division League
Hong Kong Third Division League Final Round", "Germany\u2013Hong Kong relations Germany\u2013Hong Kong relations refers to international relations between Germany and Hong Kong. Germany and Hong Kong bilateral relations could be traced back to the unification of Germany, when Hong Kong was still a colony of the British Empire, and mostly follow the foreign policies of London. The German Consulate General Hong Kong in Central, Hong Kong has been the representation of Germany in Hong Kong. The connection between the two continued when the United Kingdom retreated from Hong Kong in 1997. Since then, Articles 151, 153 and 155 of Hong Kong Basic Law permits Hong Kong to conclude non-military bilateral agreements with foreign countries, while articles 152 permits Hong Kong joining international organisations. The Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office, Berlin was opened in 2011. Germany is Hong Kong \u2019s most important trading partner in Europe and ranked 10th among Hong Kong\u2019s world trading partners. On the other hand, Hong Kong is Germany's ninth largest trading partner in Asia. In 2014, the value of exports from Hong Kong to Germany was worth 15B Hong Kong dollars, while the importing goods from Germany to Hong Kong was worth 58.9B Hong Kong dollars. Major exports from Hong Kong are electric motors (9.7%) and base metal watches (4.4%). Major exports from Germany to Hong Kong are cars (12%), and measuring instruments (>3.2%). As of 1 June 2015, there were 87 German companies with regional headquarters in Hong Kong, while another 121 had regional offices. Reflecting Germany\u2019s diverse activities in Hong Kong, there were about 1,050 German nationals resided in Hong Kong as at the end of 2014. Hong Kong had hosted 213 802 German tourists in 2015. The German Chamber of Commerce, Hong Kong is one of the largest European Chambers in Hong Kong which provides networking opportunities in Hong Kong, Asia Pacific and Germany.", "Hong Kong institutions still retain full and associate memberships in Association of Commonwealth Universities and other appropriate organisations under the Commonwealth Foundation umbrella. Articles 82 and 92 of Hong Kong Basic Law permits Hong Kong to invite judges from other common law jurisdictions to sit on the Court of Final Appeal. Hong Kong Government continues to hire, promote, and appoint British citizens with Right of Abode in Hong Kong or not, to senior posts in Hong Kong Police Force, and Hong Kong Judiciary. Lord Hoffmann, Lord Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony, Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers are appointed to the Court of Final Appeal as non-permanent justices from other common law jurisdictions. Articles 99, 100, and 101 of Hong Kong Basic Law permits the continuous hiring of British citizens for posts in Hong Kong Civil Service, except policy-decision making posts. As co-signatory of the Joint Declaration with the People\u2019s Republic of China, the UK retains an enduring commitment to Hong Kong after the transfer of sovereignty in 1997, including regular semi-annual reports on Hong Kong to the UK parliament, and providing appropriate service to British National (Overseas). The British Consulate-General has been representing the UK Government from 1 Supreme Court Road in Hong Kong, since the Handover of Hong Kong Sovereignty in July 1997. In the UK, the Hong Kong SAR is represented through the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office at Grafton Street in London's Mayfair. The hundreds of UK companies are based in Hong Kong. Hong Kong remains the springboard to the Greater China market. Over 300 UK-based companies have regional headquarters or offices in Hong Kong, and many more are expected to come, to serve Hong Kong's domestic market. UK's commercial interests in Hong Kong are extensive and range from banking, accounting, legal, engineering, information technology services and retail and general trading, with book value of investment of more than \u00a333 billion in 2011."], "answer": {"text": "(1962).", "answer_start": 1747}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What motion pictures did Bing Crosby star in?", "answer": {"text": "Crosby starred with Bob Hope and Dorothy Lamour in seven Road to musical comedies between 1940 and 1962,", "answer_start": 1254, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Who were some of his co-stars?", "answer": {"text": "Dorothy Lamour, whom Crosby felt was getting too old for the role,", "answer_start": 979, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What were the titles for the seven Road to musical comedies?", "answer": {"text": "Road to Singapore (1940), Road to Zanzibar (1941), Road to Morocco (1942), Road to Utopia (1946), Road to Rio (1947), Road to Bali (1952), and The Road to Hong Kong", "answer_start": 1582, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_6dd350c6c8654bd5bba052f09be66a2a_1_q#4", "question": "What other movies did he star in?", "rewrite": "Other than Road to Singapore (1940), Road to Zanzibar (1941), Road to Morocco (1942), Road to Utopia (1946), Road to Rio (1947), Road to Bali (1952), and The Road to Hong Kongother movies did Bing Crosby star in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["William Morrow (screenwriter) William S. Morrow (August 16, 1907 \u2013 February 5, 1971) \u2013 usually known as Bill \u2013 was a comedic screenwriter and producer who wrote scripts for radio, films and television. He launched his writing career with Jack Benny in 1938 and for 25 years was Bing Crosby's top writer. He arrived in Los Angeles with Eddie Beloin from Chicago to work on Jack Benny's writing staff, and he remained with the comedian until entering the Armed Forces in 1942. During his time with Jack Benny, he wrote for two of Benny\u2019s films, \"Love Thy Neighbor\" (1940) and \"Buck Benny Rides Again\" (1940), as well as for the star vehicle \"Tales of Manhattan\" (1942). Released from the Armed Forces in 1945, he joined Bing Crosby and not only worked on his radio shows but on his films and television shows as well. His first assignment with Crosby was as co-producer and writer for \"Philco Radio Time\" and he continued in this role through the crooner\u2019s subsequent radio series: \"The Bing Crosby \u2013 Chesterfield Show\" (1949-1952); \"The Bing Crosby Show for General Electric\" (1952\u20131954); \" The Bing Crosby Show (1954-1956)\"; \"A Christmas Sing with Bing\" (1955\u20131962); \"The Ford Road Show Featuring Bing Crosby\" (1957\u20131958) and \"The Bing Crosby \u2013 Rosemary Clooney Show\" (1960\u20131962). He scripted the Hope / Crosby film \"Road to Bali\" and also wrote for \"The Colgate Comedy Hour\" and \"The Frank Sinatra Show\" (1957-1958). He wrote Crosby\u2019s first TV show and many of his specials including the prestigious \"Edsel Show\". He also was associated with late producer Robert Welch at Paramount Pictures.", "Beginning with \"Road to Singapore\" the films also included in-joke references to other Hollywood actors and jabs at Paramount Pictures, the studio that released all the films except for \"The Road to Hong Kong\". There are also frequent instances in which Bob Hope breaks the fourth wall to address the audience directly, such as in \"Road to Bali\", in which he says, \"[Crosby]'s gonna sing, folks. Now's the time to go out and get the popcorn.\" Hope and Crosby would usually play some form of confidence men trying to make a lot of money, with Bing coming up with the ideas and Bob usually doing most of the dirty work. When confronted by the villain, Hope and Crosby would use a \"patty cake\" routine before throwing punches, though this would sometimes not work, as in \"Road to Morocco\": \"That gag sure gets around, huh?\" \"Yeah, right back to US!\" The only film in the series in which the routine was not used was in \"Road to Utopia\". Both characters would usually promise to not allow women to interfere with their plans, and both would immediately see a woman and forget that promise. Crosby would almost always get the girl, with the exceptions being in \"Road to Utopia\" and \"Road to Rio\" (although hypnosis was involved in the latter case). Hope's character usually would have a nickname with which he would be referred to throughout the film, as in \"Road to Morocco\", when he was called \"Turkey\", and \"Road to Zanzibar\", in which he was called \"Fearless\". Hope would also break the fourth wall continuously to over-act, often with an upbraiding from Crosby. Hope would then blame his overacting on his attempt to win an Oscar.", "He was musical director for Universal Pictures for three years, Paramount Pictures for four years, and was with ABC, NBC, and CBS for eleven years. Schoen arranged songs for many of the Andrews Sisters movies and Abbott and Costello comedies including Argentine Nights (1940), Buck Privates (1941), In the Navy (1941), Hold That Ghost (1941), What's Cookin'? (1942), Private Buckaroo (1942), Give Out, Sisters (1942), How's About It (1943), Always a Bridesmaid (1943), Swingtime Johnny (1943), Moonlight and Cactus (1944) , Follow the Boys (1944), Hollywood Canteen (1944), Her Lucky Night (1945), and Make Mine Music (1946). He wrote several arrangements for Bob Hope and Bing Crosby's TV specials and movies, including, among others, Road to Zanzibar (1941), Road to Morocco (1942)\u2014Schoen arranged the title song as well as Moonlight Becomes You for Bing Crosby\u2014and Road to Rio (1947). He also provided musical backing for the Donald O'Connor \u2013 Peggy Ryan musicals. Walter Schumann called Schoen in 1942 and asked him \"Would you like to stay out of the army?\" Irving Berlin was writing songs for the movie This Is the Army, and Schumann was asked to gather additional arrangers for the movie-musical. Schoen arranged the film's most famous song, \" This Is the Army Mr. Jones. \" In 1945 Schoen arranged Ella Fitzgerald's famous scat recording of Flying Home and would later be described by \"The New York Times\" as \"one of the most influential vocal jazz records of the decade.\"", "Road to Morocco Road to Morocco is a 1942 American comedy film starring Bing Crosby, Bob Hope and Dorothy Lamour, and featuring Anthony Quinn and Dona Drake. The film, which was written by Frank Butler and Don Hartman and directed by David Butler for Paramount Pictures, is the third of the \"\"Road to \u2026\"\" films. It was preceded by \"Road to Zanzibar\" (1941) and followed by \"Road to Utopia\" (1946). The story is about two fast-talking guys castaway on a desert shore and sold into slavery to a beautiful princess. The setting is in Morocco. The film opens with a freighter at sea exploding and news announcements. The cause of the explosion is a mystery, with all crew accounted for with the exception of two unidentified stowaways. Jeff Peters (Bing Crosby) and Orville ' Turkey' Jackson (Bob Hope) are seen floating at sea aboard a pile of wreckage. It was Jeff's idea to stow away, but it was Orville 'smoking in the powder room' that caused the explosion. As the two joke about eating one another to survive, they spot land in the distance. As they sit on the beach, Orville reminds Jeff of his promise to Aunt Lucy, to take care of him. Jeff reminds him that Aunt Lucy died before he could agree. They are interrupted by a convenient camel, and they hitch a ride. Once in the city, they are nearly run over by Arabs shooting guns, led by the sheik Mullay Kasim (Anthony Quinn). Jeff and Orville learn the sheik is pursuing a princess for marriage. Orville is approached by a group of bearers carrying someone in a veiled box. A beautiful hand takes his and then leaves, with Orville in pure bliss.", "Singing with the Arnheim Orchestra, Bing's solos began to steal the show, while the Rhythm Boys act gradually became redundant. Harry Barris wrote several of Crosby's subsequent hits including \"At Your Command\", \"I Surrender Dear\", and \"Wrap Your Troubles In Dreams\". In the early months of 1931, a solo recording contract came Bing's way, Mack Sennett signed him to make film shorts and a break with the Rhythm Boys became almost inevitable. Bing had married Dixie Lee in September 1930 and after a threatened divorce in March 1931, he started to apply himself seriously to his career. His gramophone records in 1931 broke new ground as his powerful and emotional singing started to change the face of popular music forever. Their low salaries at the Cocoanut Grove of the Ambassador Hotel had led the Rhythm Boys to walk out, causing union problems for Bing. Bing's brother, Everett, interested Bill Paley of CBS in his brother and Paley beckoned Bing to come to New York. A settlement was reached with the Ambassador Hotel and Bing made his first solo national radio broadcast in September 1931 and then went on to star at the New York Paramount Theatre. In the wake of a solid decade of headlining mainly smash hit musical comedy films in the 1930s, Crosby starred with Bob Hope and Dorothy Lamour in seven Road to musical comedies between 1940 and 1962, cementing Crosby and Hope as an on-and-off duo, despite never officially declaring themselves a \"team\" in the sense that Laurel and Hardy or Martin and Lewis (Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis) were teams. The series consists of Road to Singapore (1940), Road to Zanzibar (1941), Road to Morocco (1942), Road to Utopia (1946), Road to Rio (1947), Road to Bali (1952), and The Road to Hong Kong (1962)."], "answer": {"text": "1949 Disney animated film The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad, Crosby provided the narration and song vocals", "answer_start": 285}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What motion pictures did Bing Crosby star in?", "answer": {"text": "Crosby starred with Bob Hope and Dorothy Lamour in seven Road to musical comedies between 1940 and 1962,", "answer_start": 1254, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Who were some of his co-stars?", "answer": {"text": "Dorothy Lamour, whom Crosby felt was getting too old for the role,", "answer_start": 979, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What were the titles for the seven Road to musical comedies?", "answer": {"text": "Road to Singapore (1940), Road to Zanzibar (1941), Road to Morocco (1942), Road to Utopia (1946), Road to Rio (1947), Road to Bali (1952), and The Road to Hong Kong", "answer_start": 1582, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What year did the Road to Hong Kong come out?", "answer": {"text": "(1962).", "answer_start": 1747, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_6dd350c6c8654bd5bba052f09be66a2a_1_q#5", "question": "Did he star in any movies besides the Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad?", "rewrite": "Did Bing Crosby star in any animated movies besides the Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad is a 1949 American animated package film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. The film consists of two segments\u2014the first of which is based on the 1908 children's novel \"The Wind in the Willows\" by Scottish author Kenneth Grahame, and the second is based on the 1820 short story \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\", called \"Ichabod Crane\" in the film, by American author Washington Irving. The film is the 11th Disney animated feature film, and the last of the studio's package film era of the 1940s, following \"Saludos Amigos\", \"The Three Caballeros\", \"Make Mine Music\", \"Fun and Fancy Free\", and \"Melody Time\", until \"The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh\" in March 1977. Beginning in 1955, the two portions of the film were separated, and televised as part of the \"Disneyland\" television series. They were later marketed and sold separately on home video. As the film's animated segments are based on literary works, they are both introduced in live-action scenes set in a library as a framing device. The first segment is introduced and narrated by Basil Rathbone, and the second segment is introduced and narrated by Bing Crosby. Decca Records issued an album called \"Ichabod \u2013 The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" featuring Crosby in 1949 to tie in with the release of the film. This segment is based on \"The Wind in the Willows\" (1908) by Kenneth Grahame. The story is set in and around London, England, United Kingdom between June 10, 1909 and January 1, 1910. The protagonist J. Thaddeus Toad, Esq. is introduced as an \"incurable adventurer\" who \"never counted the cost\".", "Ichabod \u2013 The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Ichabod \u2013 The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is a studio album of phonograph records by Bing Crosby released in 1949 narrating the famous Washington Irving story of \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\". Crosby had recorded the soundtrack for the \"Ichabod\" portion of the Walt Disney animated feature \"The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad\" which premiered in October 1949 and he recorded the story separately for Decca Records on June 23, 1949. The songs were written by Don Raye and Gene De Paul. Simon Rady was the director and Victor Young and His Orchestra provided the musical support. \"Billboard\" reviewed the album saying: All songs were recorded on June 23, 1949, written by Don Raye and Gene De Paul, directed by Simon Rady and featuring Victor Young and His Orchestra. The songs were featured on a 2-disc, 78 rpm album set, Decca Album DAU-725 which was auto-coupled for ease of playing with a record changer. The 1949 10\" LP album issue Decca DL 6001 consisted of DAU-725 (details above) on one side plus \u201cRip Van Winkle\u201d narrated by Walter Huston on the other. \u201c Rip Van Winkle\u201d was originally recorded on August 16, 1945 and issued as a 2-disc 78 rpm album No. DA-432 (with the records numbered 40003-4). The running time was 12 minutes 14 seconds and the music was supplied by Wilbur Hatch and His Orchestra. The directors were Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee.", "In late 1947, Disney decided to pair \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" with \"The Wind in the Willows\" into a singular package film as neither part was long enough to be a feature film. The new film was later given its final title \"The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad\". Well-known celebrities Basil Rathbone and Bing Crosby were cast as narrators in order to provide mass audience appeal. \"The New York Times\" praised the film, saying that \"Mr. Disney, abetted by his staff, such perfect narrators as Bing Crosby and Basil Rathbone, and a pair of durable literary works, has fashioned a conclave of cartoon creatures, which, by and large, have the winsome qualities and charm of such noted creations as \"Mickey Mouse,\" \"Dumbo,\" et al.\" \"Life\" wrote that Disney's adaptation of \"The Wind in the Willows\" \"leaves out the poetry and most of the subtlety, but it still has enough action for the children and wit enough for everybody. It is deft and pleasant, and throughout, ironic and goodhearted. Although the Ichabod part of \"Ichabod and Mr. Toad\" is silly and bumbling, Mr. Toad's half is good enough to convince Disney admirers that the old master can still display the bounce and vitality he had before the war.\" \"Time\" particularly praised the first half, writing, \"This lighthearted, fast-moving romp has inspired some of Disney's most inventive draftsmanship and satire.\"", "International Club Crosby The International Club Crosby (ICC) was founded in 1936 in the United States and, is, in effect, the \u201cBing Crosby Fan Club.\u201d As such it is the World's longest-running fan club, and is duly recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records. It has some 550 active supporters in major countries around the globe. To perpetuate the memory and the musical legacy of Bing Crosby for the benefit of future generations. The ICC produces the professionally printed 56-page magazine \"BING\" which is issued in spring, summer and winter each year. Also the club has published discographies, books about Bing's TV and radio work, club calendars and has been instrumental in having many Crosby LPs and CDs issued, the most recent being the \"Through the Years\" series and \"Lost Radio Recordings\". ICC officials have been heavily involved in various television and radio documentaries about Crosby over the years notably the Landseer Productions television documentary \"Bing Crosby\u2014The Voice of the Century\" in 1999, which was shown on the Bravo channel in December 2000, and the KSPS-TV documentary \"Bing Crosby - Going My Way\" originally shown in the US in 2003 and subsequently made available on video. Other documentaries with strong ICC help were the BBC Radio 4 documentary \"Bing Crosby Meets... \" broadcast on December 29, 2001, the BBC2-TV documentary \"Bing On Bing\", shown on December 25, 2002 and the Crosby episode in the BBC-TV series \"Living Famously\" which was initially shown in the UK in 2003 and in Australia in 2004. The ICC also assisted the BBC Radio 4 team in 2006 with their program about Bing Crosby's appearance at the London Palladium \"For One Night Only\". More recently, ICC members contributed to the PBS documentary \"Bing Crosby: Rediscovered\" shown in December 2014.", "An album of Hawaiian themed songs. Bing Crosby Sings the Great Country Hits. Country and western songs. America, I Hear You Singing. A a collection of patriotic songs that were recorded with Frank Sinatra. Robin and the 7 Hoods. The score from the film of the same name. 12 Songs of Christmas. Christmas songs with Frank Sinatra and Fred Waring and the Pennsylvanians. That Travelin' Two-Beat was another album with Rosemary Clooney. Bing Crosby's Treasury - The Songs I Love. Twelve tracks recorded for a mail order firm. Thoroughly Modern Bing. Bing's first album for this label. Bing Crosby's Treasury - The Songs I Love (1968 version). Another record set for Longines, this time with 36 Crosby vocals. Hey Jude / Hey Bing!. An album of contemporary songs recorded with Jimmy Bowen. Goldilocks. The soundtrack from the TV film starring Bing Crosby and his family. A Time to Be Jolly. Christmas themed songs recorded for Sonny Burke's record company. Bing 'n' Basie. Another album for Daybreak Records with Count Basie. A Southern Memoir. Recorded by Bing Crosby at his own expense and leased to the English branch of Decca who issued it on Decca's London label. Bingo Viejo. Another album recorded by Bing Crosby at his own expense and leased to Decca. He called this his 'Mexican' album. That's What Life Is All About. The first album for Ken Barnes. A Couple of Song and Dance Men. Another one for Ken Barnes, this time with Fred Astaire. Tom Sawyer. A reading by Bing Crosby of an abridged version of Mark Twain\u2019s classic story The Adventures of Tom Sawyer spread over a 3-LP set. At My Time of Life. Another Ken Barnes production. Mainly show tunes. Bing Crosby Live at the London Palladium."], "answer": {"text": "1960, he starred in High Time, a collegiate comedy with Fabian Forte and Tuesday Weld", "answer_start": 536}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What motion pictures did Bing Crosby star in?", "answer": {"text": "Crosby starred with Bob Hope and Dorothy Lamour in seven Road to musical comedies between 1940 and 1962,", "answer_start": 1254, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Who were some of his co-stars?", "answer": {"text": "Dorothy Lamour, whom Crosby felt was getting too old for the role,", "answer_start": 979, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What were the titles for the seven Road to musical comedies?", "answer": {"text": "Road to Singapore (1940), Road to Zanzibar (1941), Road to Morocco (1942), Road to Utopia (1946), Road to Rio (1947), Road to Bali (1952), and The Road to Hong Kong", "answer_start": 1582, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What year did the Road to Hong Kong come out?", "answer": {"text": "(1962).", "answer_start": 1747, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What other movies did he star in?", "answer": {"text": "1949 Disney animated film The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad, Crosby provided the narration and song vocals", "answer_start": 285, "bid": 3}}]}
{"qid": "C_6dd350c6c8654bd5bba052f09be66a2a_1_q#7", "question": "What was his next movie after that?", "rewrite": "What was Bing Crosby's next next movie after High Time?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["International Club Crosby The International Club Crosby (ICC) was founded in 1936 in the United States and, is, in effect, the \u201cBing Crosby Fan Club.\u201d As such it is the World's longest-running fan club, and is duly recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records. It has some 550 active supporters in major countries around the globe. To perpetuate the memory and the musical legacy of Bing Crosby for the benefit of future generations. The ICC produces the professionally printed 56-page magazine \"BING\" which is issued in spring, summer and winter each year. Also the club has published discographies, books about Bing's TV and radio work, club calendars and has been instrumental in having many Crosby LPs and CDs issued, the most recent being the \"Through the Years\" series and \"Lost Radio Recordings\". ICC officials have been heavily involved in various television and radio documentaries about Crosby over the years notably the Landseer Productions television documentary \"Bing Crosby\u2014The Voice of the Century\" in 1999, which was shown on the Bravo channel in December 2000, and the KSPS-TV documentary \"Bing Crosby - Going My Way\" originally shown in the US in 2003 and subsequently made available on video. Other documentaries with strong ICC help were the BBC Radio 4 documentary \"Bing Crosby Meets... \" broadcast on December 29, 2001, the BBC2-TV documentary \"Bing On Bing\", shown on December 25, 2002 and the Crosby episode in the BBC-TV series \"Living Famously\" which was initially shown in the UK in 2003 and in Australia in 2004. The ICC also assisted the BBC Radio 4 team in 2006 with their program about Bing Crosby's appearance at the London Palladium \"For One Night Only\". More recently, ICC members contributed to the PBS documentary \"Bing Crosby: Rediscovered\" shown in December 2014.", "An album of Hawaiian themed songs. Bing Crosby Sings the Great Country Hits. Country and western songs. America, I Hear You Singing. A a collection of patriotic songs that were recorded with Frank Sinatra. Robin and the 7 Hoods. The score from the film of the same name. 12 Songs of Christmas. Christmas songs with Frank Sinatra and Fred Waring and the Pennsylvanians. That Travelin' Two-Beat was another album with Rosemary Clooney. Bing Crosby's Treasury - The Songs I Love. Twelve tracks recorded for a mail order firm. Thoroughly Modern Bing. Bing's first album for this label. Bing Crosby's Treasury - The Songs I Love (1968 version). Another record set for Longines, this time with 36 Crosby vocals. Hey Jude / Hey Bing!. An album of contemporary songs recorded with Jimmy Bowen. Goldilocks. The soundtrack from the TV film starring Bing Crosby and his family. A Time to Be Jolly. Christmas themed songs recorded for Sonny Burke's record company. Bing 'n' Basie. Another album for Daybreak Records with Count Basie. A Southern Memoir. Recorded by Bing Crosby at his own expense and leased to the English branch of Decca who issued it on Decca's London label. Bingo Viejo. Another album recorded by Bing Crosby at his own expense and leased to Decca. He called this his 'Mexican' album. That's What Life Is All About. The first album for Ken Barnes. A Couple of Song and Dance Men. Another one for Ken Barnes, this time with Fred Astaire. Tom Sawyer. A reading by Bing Crosby of an abridged version of Mark Twain\u2019s classic story The Adventures of Tom Sawyer spread over a 3-LP set. At My Time of Life. Another Ken Barnes production. Mainly show tunes. Bing Crosby Live at the London Palladium.", "William Morrow (screenwriter) William S. Morrow (August 16, 1907 \u2013 February 5, 1971) \u2013 usually known as Bill \u2013 was a comedic screenwriter and producer who wrote scripts for radio, films and television. He launched his writing career with Jack Benny in 1938 and for 25 years was Bing Crosby's top writer. He arrived in Los Angeles with Eddie Beloin from Chicago to work on Jack Benny's writing staff, and he remained with the comedian until entering the Armed Forces in 1942. During his time with Jack Benny, he wrote for two of Benny\u2019s films, \"Love Thy Neighbor\" (1940) and \"Buck Benny Rides Again\" (1940), as well as for the star vehicle \"Tales of Manhattan\" (1942). Released from the Armed Forces in 1945, he joined Bing Crosby and not only worked on his radio shows but on his films and television shows as well. His first assignment with Crosby was as co-producer and writer for \"Philco Radio Time\" and he continued in this role through the crooner\u2019s subsequent radio series: \"The Bing Crosby \u2013 Chesterfield Show\" (1949-1952); \"The Bing Crosby Show for General Electric\" (1952\u20131954); \" The Bing Crosby Show (1954-1956)\"; \"A Christmas Sing with Bing\" (1955\u20131962); \"The Ford Road Show Featuring Bing Crosby\" (1957\u20131958) and \"The Bing Crosby \u2013 Rosemary Clooney Show\" (1960\u20131962). He scripted the Hope / Crosby film \"Road to Bali\" and also wrote for \"The Colgate Comedy Hour\" and \"The Frank Sinatra Show\" (1957-1958). He wrote Crosby\u2019s first TV show and many of his specials including the prestigious \"Edsel Show\". He also was associated with late producer Robert Welch at Paramount Pictures.", "Fabian's manager was reported as wanting to buy the film so it could be completed. \"Now I've heard everything,\" wrote Hedda Hopper. \" Fabian, who admits he can't sing and is perfectly honest about it, has been in our business a little more than a year. \" The strike ended and filming resumed on 12 April. Fabian later called Bing Crosby \" a great artist, a great actor, and a great musical person\" but \"not a nice man.\u201d Richard Beymer began a romantic relationship with Tuesday Weld during filming. The film introduced the song \"The Second Time Around\". It was the last song Bing Crosby introduced that would be nominated for an Oscar for Best Song. The song became a hit single for Frank Sinatra, and would later be recorded by a number of artists, including Barbra Streisand for \"The Movie Album\" (2003). The title song, \"High Time,\" was adopted in 1961 as the opening theme music for \"Mr. Peppermint\", a long-running children's show in the Dallas\u2013Fort Worth area. The film was released on September 16, 1960 and had a mixed reception. Variety saying: \"\"High Time\" is pretty lightweight fare for a star of Bing Crosby \u2019s proportions, and all the draw of the Groaner, who only trills twice, will be required to sell it. . . . Crosby handles his role in his usual fashion, perfectly timing his laughs, and delivers a pair of Sammy Cahn-James Van Heusen songs, \u201cThe Second Time Around\u201d and \u201cNobody\u2019s Perfect.\u201d (sic). Bosley Crowther of The New York Times was clearly disappointed by it, saying, inter alia, \"...", "He is always himself.\" \"Variety\" said: \" Bing Crosby, back with a bundle of tuneful melodies, nonchalantly meanders through a light romance of the Prince Charming-peasant Cinderella type, displaying a more convincing personality than heretofore. With a group of known featured names surrounding Crosby, aiding considerably in dishing out the entertainment factors, picture is heading for substantial boxoffice... There\u2019s a greater ease and assurance displayed by Crosby in his handling of the lead spot than previously. He times his lines better, and gives a corking performance throughout. . . Crosby\u2019s four songs are exceptional... \" \"I Have Eyes\" (Ralph Rainger / Leo Robin) sung by Bing Crosby and Shirley Ross. \"You're a Sweet Little Headache\" (Ralph Rainger / Leo Robin) sung by Bing Crosby. \"The Funny Old Hills\" (Ralph Rainger / Leo Robin) sung by Bing Crosby. \"Joobalai\" (Ralph Rainger / Leo Robin) sung by Bing Crosby. \"I Ain't Got Nobody\" sung by Bing Crosby. \"Bulgarian Rose Song\" (Ralph Rainger / Leo Robin) sung by chorus. Bing Crosby recorded five of the songs for Decca Records. \"I Have Eyes\", \"You're a Sweet Little Headache\" and \"The Funny Old Hills\" all achieved top ten positions in the charts. Crosby's songs were also included in the Bing's Hollywood series."], "answer": {"text": "He won an Academy Award for Best Actor for Going My Way in 1944 and was nominated for the 1945 sequel,", "answer_start": 1267}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What motion pictures did Bing Crosby star in?", "answer": {"text": "Crosby starred with Bob Hope and Dorothy Lamour in seven Road to musical comedies between 1940 and 1962,", "answer_start": 1254, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Who were some of his co-stars?", "answer": {"text": "Dorothy Lamour, whom Crosby felt was getting too old for the role,", "answer_start": 979, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What were the titles for the seven Road to musical comedies?", "answer": {"text": "Road to Singapore (1940), Road to Zanzibar (1941), Road to Morocco (1942), Road to Utopia (1946), Road to Rio (1947), Road to Bali (1952), and The Road to Hong Kong", "answer_start": 1582, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What year did the Road to Hong Kong come out?", "answer": {"text": "(1962).", "answer_start": 1747, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What other movies did he star in?", "answer": {"text": "1949 Disney animated film The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad, Crosby provided the narration and song vocals", "answer_start": 285, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Did he star in any movies besides the Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad?", "answer": {"text": "1960, he starred in High Time, a collegiate comedy with Fabian Forte and Tuesday Weld", "answer_start": 536, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "How was that movie received?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6dd350c6c8654bd5bba052f09be66a2a_1_q#8", "question": "Did he win any other awards?", "rewrite": "Besides an Acadamy Award for Best Actor for Going My Way, did Bing Crosby win any other awards?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["William Morrow (screenwriter) William S. Morrow (August 16, 1907 \u2013 February 5, 1971) \u2013 usually known as Bill \u2013 was a comedic screenwriter and producer who wrote scripts for radio, films and television. He launched his writing career with Jack Benny in 1938 and for 25 years was Bing Crosby's top writer. He arrived in Los Angeles with Eddie Beloin from Chicago to work on Jack Benny's writing staff, and he remained with the comedian until entering the Armed Forces in 1942. During his time with Jack Benny, he wrote for two of Benny\u2019s films, \"Love Thy Neighbor\" (1940) and \"Buck Benny Rides Again\" (1940), as well as for the star vehicle \"Tales of Manhattan\" (1942). Released from the Armed Forces in 1945, he joined Bing Crosby and not only worked on his radio shows but on his films and television shows as well. His first assignment with Crosby was as co-producer and writer for \"Philco Radio Time\" and he continued in this role through the crooner\u2019s subsequent radio series: \"The Bing Crosby \u2013 Chesterfield Show\" (1949-1952); \"The Bing Crosby Show for General Electric\" (1952\u20131954); \" The Bing Crosby Show (1954-1956)\"; \"A Christmas Sing with Bing\" (1955\u20131962); \"The Ford Road Show Featuring Bing Crosby\" (1957\u20131958) and \"The Bing Crosby \u2013 Rosemary Clooney Show\" (1960\u20131962). He scripted the Hope / Crosby film \"Road to Bali\" and also wrote for \"The Colgate Comedy Hour\" and \"The Frank Sinatra Show\" (1957-1958). He wrote Crosby\u2019s first TV show and many of his specials including the prestigious \"Edsel Show\". He also was associated with late producer Robert Welch at Paramount Pictures.", "Kizhakku Vaasal Kizhakku Vaasal () is a 1990 Tamil-language romance film directed by R. V. Udayakumar. The film stars Karthik, Revathi and Khushbu in the lead roles. It was a mega hit and ran for over 175 days in theatres. The film takes place in a village after which the movie is titled. Thaayamma leads a cloistered life and does not visit anyone. She is worshipped as a holy lad upon whom the god comes down to give them orders periodically. Thaayamma was an orphan and is found by Janagaraj, who is a street performer. They go from house to house begging for food. One day a lonely woman, Sulakshana,(a secret prostitute of the village high man \u2013 Vijayakumar) accepts Thaayamma as her own daughter and Janagaraj as her brother, and makes them stay in her own house. After 10 years, Thaayamma attains age and some days later finds Sulakshana's occupation. She and Janagaraj attempt to leave her house, but Sulakshana suddenly falls ill and this stops their exit . After Sulakshana's death, Vijaykakumar, the head of the village, tries to take advantage of Thaayamma. But Thaayamma keeps dodging him and keeps herself chaste. Ponnurangam, the village hero, is a folk singer who performs with his mini troop in nearby village occasionally for festivals. He works as a part-time labour work for Vijayakumar. He has a strong crush for Selvi, daughter of Valliyuran (Shanmuga Sundaram), rich head of neighboring village and brother-in-law of Vijayakumar .", "An album of Hawaiian themed songs. Bing Crosby Sings the Great Country Hits. Country and western songs. America, I Hear You Singing. A a collection of patriotic songs that were recorded with Frank Sinatra. Robin and the 7 Hoods. The score from the film of the same name. 12 Songs of Christmas. Christmas songs with Frank Sinatra and Fred Waring and the Pennsylvanians. That Travelin' Two-Beat was another album with Rosemary Clooney. Bing Crosby's Treasury - The Songs I Love. Twelve tracks recorded for a mail order firm. Thoroughly Modern Bing. Bing's first album for this label. Bing Crosby's Treasury - The Songs I Love (1968 version). Another record set for Longines, this time with 36 Crosby vocals. Hey Jude / Hey Bing!. An album of contemporary songs recorded with Jimmy Bowen. Goldilocks. The soundtrack from the TV film starring Bing Crosby and his family. A Time to Be Jolly. Christmas themed songs recorded for Sonny Burke's record company. Bing 'n' Basie. Another album for Daybreak Records with Count Basie. A Southern Memoir. Recorded by Bing Crosby at his own expense and leased to the English branch of Decca who issued it on Decca's London label. Bingo Viejo. Another album recorded by Bing Crosby at his own expense and leased to Decca. He called this his 'Mexican' album. That's What Life Is All About. The first album for Ken Barnes. A Couple of Song and Dance Men. Another one for Ken Barnes, this time with Fred Astaire. Tom Sawyer. A reading by Bing Crosby of an abridged version of Mark Twain\u2019s classic story The Adventures of Tom Sawyer spread over a 3-LP set. At My Time of Life. Another Ken Barnes production. Mainly show tunes. Bing Crosby Live at the London Palladium.", "He is always himself.\" \"Variety\" said: \" Bing Crosby, back with a bundle of tuneful melodies, nonchalantly meanders through a light romance of the Prince Charming-peasant Cinderella type, displaying a more convincing personality than heretofore. With a group of known featured names surrounding Crosby, aiding considerably in dishing out the entertainment factors, picture is heading for substantial boxoffice... There\u2019s a greater ease and assurance displayed by Crosby in his handling of the lead spot than previously. He times his lines better, and gives a corking performance throughout. . . Crosby\u2019s four songs are exceptional... \" \"I Have Eyes\" (Ralph Rainger / Leo Robin) sung by Bing Crosby and Shirley Ross. \"You're a Sweet Little Headache\" (Ralph Rainger / Leo Robin) sung by Bing Crosby. \"The Funny Old Hills\" (Ralph Rainger / Leo Robin) sung by Bing Crosby. \"Joobalai\" (Ralph Rainger / Leo Robin) sung by Bing Crosby. \"I Ain't Got Nobody\" sung by Bing Crosby. \"Bulgarian Rose Song\" (Ralph Rainger / Leo Robin) sung by chorus. Bing Crosby recorded five of the songs for Decca Records. \"I Have Eyes\", \"You're a Sweet Little Headache\" and \"The Funny Old Hills\" all achieved top ten positions in the charts. Crosby's songs were also included in the Bing's Hollywood series.", "International Club Crosby The International Club Crosby (ICC) was founded in 1936 in the United States and, is, in effect, the \u201cBing Crosby Fan Club.\u201d As such it is the World's longest-running fan club, and is duly recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records. It has some 550 active supporters in major countries around the globe. To perpetuate the memory and the musical legacy of Bing Crosby for the benefit of future generations. The ICC produces the professionally printed 56-page magazine \"BING\" which is issued in spring, summer and winter each year. Also the club has published discographies, books about Bing's TV and radio work, club calendars and has been instrumental in having many Crosby LPs and CDs issued, the most recent being the \"Through the Years\" series and \"Lost Radio Recordings\". ICC officials have been heavily involved in various television and radio documentaries about Crosby over the years notably the Landseer Productions television documentary \"Bing Crosby\u2014The Voice of the Century\" in 1999, which was shown on the Bravo channel in December 2000, and the KSPS-TV documentary \"Bing Crosby - Going My Way\" originally shown in the US in 2003 and subsequently made available on video. Other documentaries with strong ICC help were the BBC Radio 4 documentary \"Bing Crosby Meets... \" broadcast on December 29, 2001, the BBC2-TV documentary \"Bing On Bing\", shown on December 25, 2002 and the Crosby episode in the BBC-TV series \"Living Famously\" which was initially shown in the UK in 2003 and in Australia in 2004. The ICC also assisted the BBC Radio 4 team in 2006 with their program about Bing Crosby's appearance at the London Palladium \"For One Night Only\". More recently, ICC members contributed to the PBS documentary \"Bing Crosby: Rediscovered\" shown in December 2014."], "answer": {"text": "He received critical acclaim for his performance as an alcoholic entertainer in The Country Girl and received his third Academy Award nomination.", "answer_start": 1395}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What motion pictures did Bing Crosby star in?", "answer": {"text": "Crosby starred with Bob Hope and Dorothy Lamour in seven Road to musical comedies between 1940 and 1962,", "answer_start": 1254, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Who were some of his co-stars?", "answer": {"text": "Dorothy Lamour, whom Crosby felt was getting too old for the role,", "answer_start": 979, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What were the titles for the seven Road to musical comedies?", "answer": {"text": "Road to Singapore (1940), Road to Zanzibar (1941), Road to Morocco (1942), Road to Utopia (1946), Road to Rio (1947), Road to Bali (1952), and The Road to Hong Kong", "answer_start": 1582, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What year did the Road to Hong Kong come out?", "answer": {"text": "(1962).", "answer_start": 1747, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What other movies did he star in?", "answer": {"text": "1949 Disney animated film The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad, Crosby provided the narration and song vocals", "answer_start": 285, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Did he star in any movies besides the Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad?", "answer": {"text": "1960, he starred in High Time, a collegiate comedy with Fabian Forte and Tuesday Weld", "answer_start": 536, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "How was that movie received?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his next movie after that?", "answer": {"text": "He won an Academy Award for Best Actor for Going My Way in 1944 and was nominated for the 1945 sequel,", "answer_start": 1267, "bid": 3}}]}
{"qid": "C_79bb476dc46e40809b03d2a959d03a8b_1_q#0", "question": "What was Mahinda Rajapasksas role in the Sri Lankan civil war?", "rewrite": "What was Mahinda Rajapasksas role in the Sri Lankan civil war?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2012, the United Nations Human Rights Commission (UNHRC) issued a statement welcoming the publication of this report (while acknowledging problems therein) and urging the Sri Lankan government to follow up by working with the UNHRC. The LLRC report has been praised in Sri Lanka, but criticised by opponents of the island's government. The final months of the Sri Lankan Civil War resulted in the deaths of thousands of civilians, the displacement of more than 350,000, and allegations of gross violations of international and humanitarian law by both sides. Foreign governments, international human groups and Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora groups all called for an independent investigation. Immediately following the end of the civil war in May 2009, UNSG Ban Ki-moon visited Sri Lanka. At end of the trip the UNSG and Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa issued a joint statement in which the Sri Lankan government agreed to take measures on accountability for violations of international humanitarian and human rights law. In the following months the Sri Lankan government failed to take any meaningful steps on accountability and more evidence emerged of alleged violations during the final months of the civil war. As pressure grew for an international inquiry the UNSG appointed a three-member panel of experts in June 2010 to advise him on accountability issues relating to alleged violations of international human rights and humanitarian law in the final stages of the civil war. The panel looked into \"accountability with regard to any alleged violations of international human rights and humanitarian law\" and whether the commitment on \"human rights accountability\" given by Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa to Ban Ki-moon has been implemented. The panel examined \"the modalities, applicable international standards and comparative experience with regard to accountability processes, taking into account the nature and scope of any alleged violations in Sri Lanka\".", "Protests against the Sri Lankan Civil War Between 2008 and 2009, major protests against the Sri Lankan Civil War, often referred to as the Tamil protests by news media, took place in several countries across the world, urging national and world leaders and organisations to take action on bringing a unanimous cease fire to the Sri Lankan Civil War, which had taken place for over twenty-five years. Tamil diaspora populations across the world expressed concerns regarding the conduct of the civil war in the island nation of Sri Lanka. The civil war, which took place between the Sri Lankan Army and the separatist group Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam is believed to have killed over 100,000 civilians. Protesters and critics of the Sri Lankan government alleged the civil war to be a systematic genocide and ethnic cleansing of the Sri Lankan Tamil minority in Sri Lanka. While opposition by Tamils was expressed at various stages of the war since 1983, opposition intensified in January 2009. Protesters appealed to political leaders, asking to promote a ceasefire in the Sri Lankan Civil War and establish a ceasefire, requested humanitarian aid organisations to provide resources to Northern Province, promoted the creation of Tamil Eelam, and called to remove the LTTE from lists of terrorist organisations. After the government of Sri Lanka declared defeat over the LTTE on 18 May 2009, protests continued, accusing then-Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa of war crimes. Protests took several forms, including human chains, demonstrations, rallies, hunger strikes, and self-immolation. Following increasing protests in Chennai and other cities in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, predominantly peaceful demonstrations were held concurrently across the world by the Tamil diaspora, mainly in national capitals, central business districts, near embassies and high commissioner offices, and sites of national or supranational government.", "List of assassinations of the Sri Lankan Civil War During the Sri Lankan Civil War militant groups, paramilitary groups and government security forces were accused of assassinating many public figures on suspicion of being sympathizers or informants, in retaliation for killings and attacks, to eliminate competition from rival groups, or to stifle dissent. The following is a list of notable assassinations of the Sri Lankan Civil War, attributed by various self-admissions, NGOs, United Nations agencies, foreign governments, and the state-owned media of Sri Lanka. The Sri Lankan Civil War was in a conflict on the island-nation of Sri Lanka. Between 1983 and 2009 there was an intermittent civil war, predominantly between the government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), a separatist militant organisation who during this time fought for the creation of an independent state named Tamil Eelam in the North and East of the island. The UN has estimated that up to 100,000 people (combatants and civilians) may have been killed during the 26 years of fighting. The civil war has caused significant harm to the population and economy of the country, as well as leading to the ban of the LTTE as a terrorist organisation in 32 countries including the United States, Australia, the countries of the European Union and Canada. The war ended in May 2009 when the Sri Lankan military defeated the LTTE. Numerous human rights violations have been committed by both the Sri Lankan military and the LTTE, including the assassination of individuals by both sides. A majority of the notable figures on this list were members of the Tamil community in Sri Lanka, and in many instances were allegedly assassinated by the LTTE for taking moderate political stances, or for rejecting militant action and attempting to engage in the democratic process in Sri Lanka.", "Iran\u2013 Sri Lanka relations Iran and Sri Lanka have had official diplomatic relations since 1961. Diplomatic relations between Iran and Sri Lanka (then known as Ceylon) began in 1961 via the Ceylonese embassy in Islamabad, which was the closest Ceylon had to a presence on Iranian soil until the opening of the Tehran embassy office in 1990. Tehran set up its Colombo office in 1975. After Mahmoud Ahmadinejad became President of Iran, Sri Lanka was the first country he visited on his inaugural Asian tour. Mahinda Rajapaksa also made ties with Iran a priority after he ascended to office. Iran has helped fund a number of development projects in Sri Lanka. In 2010 they agreed to post USD 450-500 million for the Uma Oya Multipurpose Development Project, a 90-100 megawatt hydroelectric power plant around the Central Province. Iran has also invested in Sri Lankan Oil refineries and its investments have helped to double Sri Lankan Oil production capacity. Iran has also invested in rural electrification. These projects have made Iran Sri Lanka's largest aid donor. During the Sri Lankan Civil War the Government of Sri Lanka approached Iran for loans at low interest to afford Sri Lanka purchases of electronic surveillance aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles after a particularly daring attack on the Sri Lankan Air Force by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. Iran agreed covertly to issue the loan and also invited selected Sri Lankan officers to train in Iran for the war. Analysts have termed Iran's aggressive courting of Sri Lanka's military capacity as a geostragetic implication of Iran's \"Look east\" strategy. For Iran's assistance in the Sri Lankan Civil War, Sri Lankan minister Wimal Weerawansa said that: \"Iran has never let us down, even when many other countries in the world refused to back us. The county as a whole is very grateful for this brotherly treatment\".", "Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War The Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War was the deployment of the Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka intended to perform a peacekeeping role. The deployment followed the Indo-Sri Lankan Accord between India and Sri Lanka of 1987 which was intended to end the Sri Lankan Civil War between militant Sri Lankan Tamil nationalists, principally the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), and the Sri Lankan military. The original intention was the Indian Peace Keeping Force would not be involved in large scale military operations. However, after a few months, the Indian Peace Keeping Force engaged the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in a series of battles. During the two years in which it was deployed, the IPKF fought numerous battles against the LTTE. The IPKF began withdrawing in 1989, and completed the withdrawal in 1990. According to Rejaul Karim Laskar, a scholar of Indian foreign policy, Indian intervention in Sri Lankan civil war became inevitable as that civil war threatened India\u2019s \u201cunity, national interest and territorial integrity.\u201d According to Laskar, this threat came in two ways: On the one hand external powers could take advantage of the situation to establish their base in Sri Lanka thus posing a threat to India, and on the other, the LTTE\u2019s dream of a sovereign Tamil Eelam comprising all the Tamil inhibited areas (of Sri Lanka and India) posed a threat to India\u2019s territorial integrity. The LTTE and other Tamil militant groups developed strong relationships with political parties in South India, such as Pure Tamil Movement (led by Perunchithiranar), Dravidar Kazhagam (led by K. Veeramani), Kamaraj Congress (led by Nedumaran) during the late 1970s. These Tamil parties firmly backed the militants' cause of creating a separate Tamil Eelam within Sri Lanka."], "answer": {"text": "Although styling himself as a man of peace and a willing negotiator, Rajapaksa signaled his intention to end the peace process", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_79bb476dc46e40809b03d2a959d03a8b_1_q#1", "question": "Did the peace process end?", "rewrite": "Did the peace process end in Sri Lankan Civil War?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Protests against the Sri Lankan Civil War Between 2008 and 2009, major protests against the Sri Lankan Civil War, often referred to as the Tamil protests by news media, took place in several countries across the world, urging national and world leaders and organisations to take action on bringing a unanimous cease fire to the Sri Lankan Civil War, which had taken place for over twenty-five years. Tamil diaspora populations across the world expressed concerns regarding the conduct of the civil war in the island nation of Sri Lanka. The civil war, which took place between the Sri Lankan Army and the separatist group Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam is believed to have killed over 100,000 civilians. Protesters and critics of the Sri Lankan government alleged the civil war to be a systematic genocide and ethnic cleansing of the Sri Lankan Tamil minority in Sri Lanka. While opposition by Tamils was expressed at various stages of the war since 1983, opposition intensified in January 2009. Protesters appealed to political leaders, asking to promote a ceasefire in the Sri Lankan Civil War and establish a ceasefire, requested humanitarian aid organisations to provide resources to Northern Province, promoted the creation of Tamil Eelam, and called to remove the LTTE from lists of terrorist organisations. After the government of Sri Lanka declared defeat over the LTTE on 18 May 2009, protests continued, accusing then-Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa of war crimes. Protests took several forms, including human chains, demonstrations, rallies, hunger strikes, and self-immolation. Following increasing protests in Chennai and other cities in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, predominantly peaceful demonstrations were held concurrently across the world by the Tamil diaspora, mainly in national capitals, central business districts, near embassies and high commissioner offices, and sites of national or supranational government.", "Vaharai bombing The Vaharai bombing is a disputed event in the Sri Lankan civil war. It occurred on November 7, 2006 when, according to survivors of the incident interviewed by Reuters, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam fired artillery at Sri Lankan military personnel from near a school where minority Sri Lankan Tamil refugees displaced by the current phase of the Sri Lankan civil war had taken shelter. The Sri Lankan Army returned fire and around 45 civilians were killed. Over 100 were injured and admitted to the local hospitals. However, people who were interviewed by Human Rights Watch claimed that the LTTE did not fire artillery. Further, the rebel LTTE denies firing artillery from close to the school. The incident occurred at around 11.35 a.m close to Kathiraveli, a coastal village in Vaharai peninsula of the Batticaloa district in eastern Sri Lanka. The LTTE claimed the shelling killed 43 displaced Tamil civilians who had been taking shelter after the recent flare up of the Sri Lankan civil war. However the SLMM counted 23 bodies. About 300 were wounded, 127 of them seriously. Many were killed when two shells hit school buildings housing a large number civilians. Shelling also damaged the Sonobo Children's Home seriously injuring nearly 12 infants. The town Kathiraveli in the Vaharai region is mainly populated by minority Sri Lankan Tamils and indigenous Vedda people. It was under the de facto control of the LTTE rebels. The Sri Lankan government responded saying that the refugees housed within the school were being used as human shields by the LTTE. The Nordic ceasefire monitors, the Sri Lanka Monitoring Mission, said they did not see any LTTE military installations nearby. However the government's account was supported by survivors of the incident who had fled the area and subsequently taken shelter in government controlled territory.", "Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War The Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War was the deployment of the Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka intended to perform a peacekeeping role. The deployment followed the Indo-Sri Lankan Accord between India and Sri Lanka of 1987 which was intended to end the Sri Lankan Civil War between militant Sri Lankan Tamil nationalists, principally the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), and the Sri Lankan military. The original intention was the Indian Peace Keeping Force would not be involved in large scale military operations. However, after a few months, the Indian Peace Keeping Force engaged the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in a series of battles. During the two years in which it was deployed, the IPKF fought numerous battles against the LTTE. The IPKF began withdrawing in 1989, and completed the withdrawal in 1990. According to Rejaul Karim Laskar, a scholar of Indian foreign policy, Indian intervention in Sri Lankan civil war became inevitable as that civil war threatened India\u2019s \u201cunity, national interest and territorial integrity.\u201d According to Laskar, this threat came in two ways: On the one hand external powers could take advantage of the situation to establish their base in Sri Lanka thus posing a threat to India, and on the other, the LTTE\u2019s dream of a sovereign Tamil Eelam comprising all the Tamil inhibited areas (of Sri Lanka and India) posed a threat to India\u2019s territorial integrity. The LTTE and other Tamil militant groups developed strong relationships with political parties in South India, such as Pure Tamil Movement (led by Perunchithiranar), Dravidar Kazhagam (led by K. Veeramani), Kamaraj Congress (led by Nedumaran) during the late 1970s. These Tamil parties firmly backed the militants' cause of creating a separate Tamil Eelam within Sri Lanka.", "List of assassinations of the Sri Lankan Civil War During the Sri Lankan Civil War militant groups, paramilitary groups and government security forces were accused of assassinating many public figures on suspicion of being sympathizers or informants, in retaliation for killings and attacks, to eliminate competition from rival groups, or to stifle dissent. The following is a list of notable assassinations of the Sri Lankan Civil War, attributed by various self-admissions, NGOs, United Nations agencies, foreign governments, and the state-owned media of Sri Lanka. The Sri Lankan Civil War was in a conflict on the island-nation of Sri Lanka. Between 1983 and 2009 there was an intermittent civil war, predominantly between the government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), a separatist militant organisation who during this time fought for the creation of an independent state named Tamil Eelam in the North and East of the island. The UN has estimated that up to 100,000 people (combatants and civilians) may have been killed during the 26 years of fighting. The civil war has caused significant harm to the population and economy of the country, as well as leading to the ban of the LTTE as a terrorist organisation in 32 countries including the United States, Australia, the countries of the European Union and Canada. The war ended in May 2009 when the Sri Lankan military defeated the LTTE. Numerous human rights violations have been committed by both the Sri Lankan military and the LTTE, including the assassination of individuals by both sides. A majority of the notable figures on this list were members of the Tamil community in Sri Lanka, and in many instances were allegedly assassinated by the LTTE for taking moderate political stances, or for rejecting militant action and attempting to engage in the democratic process in Sri Lanka.", "Enforced disappearances in Sri Lanka Thousands of people have disappeared in Sri Lanka since the 1980s. A 1999 study by the United Nations found that Sri Lanka had the second highest number of disappearances in the world and that 12,000 Sri Lankans had disappeared after being detained by the Sri Lankan security forces. A few years earlier the Sri Lankan government had estimated that 17,000 people had disappeared. In 2003 the Red Cross stated that it had received 20,000 complaints of disappearances during the Sri Lankan Civil War of which 9,000 had been resolved but the remaining 11,000 were still being investigated. Human rights groups such as Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and Asian Human Rights Commission have documented many of the disappearances and attributed them to the Sri Lankan security forces, pro-government paramilitary groups and Sri Lankan Tamil militant groups. In 2016, the government under president Maithripala Sirisena agreed to issue a certificate of absence to relatives of over 65,000 that went missing during the civil war and the marxist uprising allowing them to temporarily manage the property and assets of missing people, to obtain provisional guardianship of their children and apply for government welfare schemes. Further the Office on Missing Persons(OMP) a proposal by Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe was created in the same year Sri Lanka has a history of disappearances, both during the Sri Lankan Civil War and the 1980s JVP insurrection. Commissions have documented how thousands of people have been kidnapped by armed men and disappeared without a trace. The victims largely belong to the minority Sri Lankan Tamil community and thousands of Sinhalese youths from the Sinhalese community during the JVP insurgency. Many Tamil nationalists claim there was a resurgence of abductions in 2005 after the failure of Norwegian mediated peace process. The victims of the abductions were predominantly Sri Lankan Tamils living in Jaffna and the capital Colombo."], "answer": {"text": "The agreement made with Rajapaksa included provisions which called for a revision of the ceasefire agreement", "answer_start": 318}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Mahinda Rajapasksas role in the Sri Lankan civil war?", "answer": {"text": "Although styling himself as a man of peace and a willing negotiator, Rajapaksa signaled his intention to end the peace process", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_79bb476dc46e40809b03d2a959d03a8b_1_q#2", "question": "what significance does Sir lankan have to do with the civil war", "rewrite": "what significance does Sir lankan have to do with the civil war", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mullivaikkal Remembrance Day Mullivaikkal Remembrance Day (or simply Mullivaikkal Day; \"Mu\u1e37\u1e37iv\u0101ykk\u0101l Ni\u1e49aivu N\u0101\u1e37\") is a remembrance day observed by Sri Lankan Tamil people to remember those who died in the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War. It is held each year on 18 May, the date on which the civil war ended in 2009, and is named after Mullivaikkal, a village on the north-east coast of Sri Lanka which was the scene of the final battle of the civil war. Between 1983 and 2009 Sri Lankan Tamil militant groups led by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) fought against the Sri Lankan state to create an independent state of Tamil Eelam in the north and east of Sri Lanka. By 2007 the civil war had cost an estimated 70,000 lives. The final months of the civil war in late 2008/ early 2009 witnessed particularly brutal fighting between the Sri Lankan military and the LTTE. Around 300,000 civilians were trapped between the two sides. The civil war ended on 18 May 2009 with the killing of Velupillai Prabhakaran, leader of the LTTE. A United Nations report found that as many as 40,000 civilians may have been killed in the final months of the civil war, mostly as a result of indiscriminate shelling by the Sri Lankan military. There are widespread allegations that both sides committed atrocities and human rights violations including war crimes. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights is currently investigating the alleged war crimes. The Sri Lankan government, which has declared 18 May as Victory Day, celebrates the day with military parades. The day is also a commemoration for dead military personnel who are treated as \"war heroes\".", "Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War The Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War was the deployment of the Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka intended to perform a peacekeeping role. The deployment followed the Indo-Sri Lankan Accord between India and Sri Lanka of 1987 which was intended to end the Sri Lankan Civil War between militant Sri Lankan Tamil nationalists, principally the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), and the Sri Lankan military. The original intention was the Indian Peace Keeping Force would not be involved in large scale military operations. However, after a few months, the Indian Peace Keeping Force engaged the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in a series of battles. During the two years in which it was deployed, the IPKF fought numerous battles against the LTTE. The IPKF began withdrawing in 1989, and completed the withdrawal in 1990. According to Rejaul Karim Laskar, a scholar of Indian foreign policy, Indian intervention in Sri Lankan civil war became inevitable as that civil war threatened India\u2019s \u201cunity, national interest and territorial integrity.\u201d According to Laskar, this threat came in two ways: On the one hand external powers could take advantage of the situation to establish their base in Sri Lanka thus posing a threat to India, and on the other, the LTTE\u2019s dream of a sovereign Tamil Eelam comprising all the Tamil inhibited areas (of Sri Lanka and India) posed a threat to India\u2019s territorial integrity. The LTTE and other Tamil militant groups developed strong relationships with political parties in South India, such as Pure Tamil Movement (led by Perunchithiranar), Dravidar Kazhagam (led by K. Veeramani), Kamaraj Congress (led by Nedumaran) during the late 1970s. These Tamil parties firmly backed the militants' cause of creating a separate Tamil Eelam within Sri Lanka.", "The Cage (Weiss book) The Cage: The fight for Sri Lanka & the Last Days of the Tamil Tigers is a book about the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War written by journalist and former United Nations official Gordon Weiss. Weiss was the UN's spokesman in Sri Lanka during the final months of the civil war. Since leaving the UN Weiss has been a vocal critic of the conduct of both the Sri Lankan military and the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. Weiss believes that war crimes were committed during the final stages of the civil war and has called for an international investigation. According to Weiss up to 40,000 civilians may have been killed in the final stages of the civil war. In the book Weiss recounts \"in chilling detail\" the final stages of the civil war, how the Sri Lankan military achieved victory and the price paid for peace by all of Sri Lanka's ethnic communities. It details how hundreds of thousands of civilians were held hostage by the Tamil Tigers in an ever-decreasing area (the cage) in northern Sri Lanka. Weiss tries to piece together events which unfolded inside the cage which had been sealed off from most independent observers by the Sri Lankan military. The book provides context to the findings of the UN panel. It also provides a history of Sri Lanka and \"unpicks\" the root causes of the civil war. It suggests that the country's history is full of brutal savagery. Weiss is highly critical of the Tigers but he reserves his strongest condemnation for the Sri Lankan military and the international community. Weiss believes that the Sri Lankan military could have avoided high civilian casualties if it wanted to but it chose not to do so. The international community contributed to the slaughter of the civilians by its collective \"shoulder shrugging\". The UN's unwillingness to provide casualty figures also contributed to the \"zero civilian casualties\" myth.", "Protests against the Sri Lankan Civil War Between 2008 and 2009, major protests against the Sri Lankan Civil War, often referred to as the Tamil protests by news media, took place in several countries across the world, urging national and world leaders and organisations to take action on bringing a unanimous cease fire to the Sri Lankan Civil War, which had taken place for over twenty-five years. Tamil diaspora populations across the world expressed concerns regarding the conduct of the civil war in the island nation of Sri Lanka. The civil war, which took place between the Sri Lankan Army and the separatist group Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam is believed to have killed over 100,000 civilians. Protesters and critics of the Sri Lankan government alleged the civil war to be a systematic genocide and ethnic cleansing of the Sri Lankan Tamil minority in Sri Lanka. While opposition by Tamils was expressed at various stages of the war since 1983, opposition intensified in January 2009. Protesters appealed to political leaders, asking to promote a ceasefire in the Sri Lankan Civil War and establish a ceasefire, requested humanitarian aid organisations to provide resources to Northern Province, promoted the creation of Tamil Eelam, and called to remove the LTTE from lists of terrorist organisations. After the government of Sri Lanka declared defeat over the LTTE on 18 May 2009, protests continued, accusing then-Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa of war crimes. Protests took several forms, including human chains, demonstrations, rallies, hunger strikes, and self-immolation. Following increasing protests in Chennai and other cities in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, predominantly peaceful demonstrations were held concurrently across the world by the Tamil diaspora, mainly in national capitals, central business districts, near embassies and high commissioner offices, and sites of national or supranational government.", "List of assassinations of the Sri Lankan Civil War During the Sri Lankan Civil War militant groups, paramilitary groups and government security forces were accused of assassinating many public figures on suspicion of being sympathizers or informants, in retaliation for killings and attacks, to eliminate competition from rival groups, or to stifle dissent. The following is a list of notable assassinations of the Sri Lankan Civil War, attributed by various self-admissions, NGOs, United Nations agencies, foreign governments, and the state-owned media of Sri Lanka. The Sri Lankan Civil War was in a conflict on the island-nation of Sri Lanka. Between 1983 and 2009 there was an intermittent civil war, predominantly between the government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), a separatist militant organisation who during this time fought for the creation of an independent state named Tamil Eelam in the North and East of the island. The UN has estimated that up to 100,000 people (combatants and civilians) may have been killed during the 26 years of fighting. The civil war has caused significant harm to the population and economy of the country, as well as leading to the ban of the LTTE as a terrorist organisation in 32 countries including the United States, Australia, the countries of the European Union and Canada. The war ended in May 2009 when the Sri Lankan military defeated the LTTE. Numerous human rights violations have been committed by both the Sri Lankan military and the LTTE, including the assassination of individuals by both sides. A majority of the notable figures on this list were members of the Tamil community in Sri Lanka, and in many instances were allegedly assassinated by the LTTE for taking moderate political stances, or for rejecting militant action and attempting to engage in the democratic process in Sri Lanka."], "answer": {"text": "The Sri Lanka government declared total victory on 18 May 2009.", "answer_start": 1355}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Mahinda Rajapasksas role in the Sri Lankan civil war?", "answer": {"text": "Although styling himself as a man of peace and a willing negotiator, Rajapaksa signaled his intention to end the peace process", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the peace process end?", "answer": {"text": "The agreement made with Rajapaksa included provisions which called for a revision of the ceasefire agreement", "answer_start": 318, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_79bb476dc46e40809b03d2a959d03a8b_1_q#3", "question": "What happened after they declared victory?", "rewrite": "What happened after Mahinda Rajapaksa declared victory?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Rajapaksas continued to dominate politics in Hambantota district for next three decades with two other members of the family (George Rajapaksa and Mahinda Rajapaksa) also entering parliament. The Rajapaksas were represented in the country's legislatures continuously from 1936 till 1977. The family wasn't represented in parliament after the UNP landslide at the 1977 parliamentary election. The family re-emerged as the dominant political force in Hambantota district when Mahinda and his brother Chamal Rajapaksa were elected in 1989 Parliamentary election to represent Hambantota Electoral District. They were later joined by Nirupama Rajapaksa, Basil Rajapaksa and Namal Rajapaksa. Although the Rajapaksas had dominated politics in Hambantota District since 1936, national politics had been dominated by other families such as Senanayakes and Bandaranaikes. This changed in 2005 when Mahinda Rajapaksa was elected president. Since then members of the family have been appointed to senior political positions. Immediately after being elected president Mahinda appointed his brother Gotabhaya Rajapaksa as Defence Secretary (the most senior civil service position in the Ministry of Defence). Another brother, Basil Rajapaksa, was appointed Senior Presidential Advisor. In 2010 Mahinda Rajapaksa was re-elected President contesting against a grand opposition coalition that included UNP, TNA, JVP. At the 2010 Parliamentary Elections, Chamal Rajapaksa, Basil Rajapaksa and Namal Rajapaksa were elected.", "2012 H.E. Mahinda Rajapaksa Under-23 International Football Trophy Final The 2012 H.E. Mahinda Rajapaksa Under-23 International Football Trophy Final was a football match at the Jayathilake Sports Complex, Nawalapitiya on 9 December 2012, to determine the winner of the 2012 H.E. Mahinda Rajapaksa Under-23 International Football Trophy. It was the first H.E. Mahinda Rajapaksa Under-23 International Football Trophy final. The match was contested by the Maldives and Pakistan. Maldives won the match 2\u20131 after 90 minutes; Maldives opened the scoring through Rilwan Waheed's free kick just after half-time, before Assadhulla Abdulla doubled the lead with a long through ball from Rilwan. Pakistan's goal was an own goal which was deflected by Moosa Yaamin after a shot by Saed Ahmed.", "Basil Rajapaksa Basil Rohana Rajapaksa (born 27 April 1951) is a Sri Lankan politician and was a member of parliament from 2007 to 2015.During the period of 2005\u20132010 he served as a presidential senior advisor for then President Mahinda Rajapaksa and in 2007 he was appointed as a member of parliament from the national list. He was the Cabinet minister for Economic Development in President Mahinda Rajapaksa's second term (2010\u20132015). In the 2010 parliamentary election he was elected from Gampaha district by obtaining the highest number of preferential votes in Sri Lanka. He hails from a well known political family in South of Sri Lanka. His father, D. A. Rajapaksa, was a prominent politician, independence agitator, Member of Parliament and Cabinet Minister of Agriculture and Land in Wijeyananda Dahanayake's government. He is a younger brother of the former president Mahinda Rajapaksa and another brother, Gothabaya, who was a powerful defense secretary in the Mahinda Rajapaksa government. Furthermore, his older brother Chamal served as the Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka (2010-2015). He had his secondary education at Isipathana College and Ananda College Colombo. At the 1977 General Elections, he contested Mulkirigala Electorate from the Sri Lanka Freedom Party but was defeated. He was the youngest SLFP candidate that contested in this election. In the 1977 election only 8 members managed to win from the SLFP. Basil Rajapaksa later worked with the first executive President J.R. Jayewardene and joined the United National Party, He made this decision to join the UNP due to some infighting within the Sri Lanka Freedom Party.", "The following candidates were elected: Sajith Premadasa (UNF), 92,536 preference votes (pv); Mahinda Rajapaksa (PA), 81,855 pv; Chamal Rajapaksa (PA), 48,473 pv; Dilip Wedaarachchi (UNF), 38,972 pv; Siri Alexander Andrahennady (UNF), 26,644 pv; Kadukannage Ananda Kularatne (UNF), 24,811 pv; and Nihal Galappaththi (JVP), 4,514 pv. Results of the 13th parliamentary election held on 2 April 2004 for the district: The following candidates were elected: Mahinda Rajapaksa (UPFA-SLFP), 107,603 preference votes (pv); Nihal Galappaththi (UPFA-JVP), 96,039 pv; Vijitha Ranaweera (UPFA-JVP), 86,184 pv; Sajith Premadasa (UNF-UNP), 82,968 pv; Mahinda Amaraweera (UPFA-SLFP), 63,118 pv; Chamal Rajapaksa (UPFA-SLFP), 56,416 pv; and Dilip Wedaarachchi (UNF-UNP), 40,738 pv. Mahinda Rajapaksa (UPFA-SLFP) resigned on 19 November 2005 to take up presidency. His replacement Nirupama Rajapaksa (UPFA-SLFP) was sworn in on 25 November 2005. Results of the 5th Southern provincial council election held on 10 July 2004 for the district:", "Nelum Pokuna Mahinda Rajapaksa Theatre The Nelum Pokuna Mahinda Rajapaksa Theatre ( \"nelum pokuna Mahinda Rajapaksa rangahala\") (often known as Nelum Pokuna; previously the National Performing Arts Theatre, prior to naming at the opening ceremony; \"Mahinda Rajapaksa\" is a former President of Sri Lanka) is a performing arts centre in Colombo, Sri Lanka. The theatre opened on 15 December 2011. The architecture of the building is inspired by the 12th-century \"Nelum Pokuna\" (lotus pond) in Polonnaruwa. Built by King Parakramabahu the Great, Polonnaruwa's Nelum Pokuna is shaped as a stylised eight-petalled lotus flower. The total estimated cost of the project is LKR 3080 million. Government of the People's Republic of China provided LKR 2430 million out of the total cost of the building. The building spreads over 14,000 square metres of floor area. The theatre is equipped with ultra modern facilities such as an auditorium with 1,288 seats, a library, and training facilities. The building features two permanent theatres\u2014the main auditorium and an open-air theatre\u2014and the ability to convert the front steps into an additional open-air theatre. The 690-square-metre moving stage in the auditorium includes the ability to raise and lower the orchestra pit to and from stage level. There are facilities to conduct educational and research activities. Parking for 500 vehicles, is also available. In 2005 China expressed willingness to construct a cultural theatre in Colombo, in memory of President Chandrika Kumaratunga's late husband Vijaya Kumaratunga who was a popular actor."], "answer": {"text": "President Mahinda Rajapaksa delivered a victory address to the Parliament and declared that Sri Lanka is liberated from terrorism.", "answer_start": 1434}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Mahinda Rajapasksas role in the Sri Lankan civil war?", "answer": {"text": "Although styling himself as a man of peace and a willing negotiator, Rajapaksa signaled his intention to end the peace process", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the peace process end?", "answer": {"text": "The agreement made with Rajapaksa included provisions which called for a revision of the ceasefire agreement", "answer_start": 318, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what significance does Sir lankan have to do with the civil war", "answer": {"text": "The Sri Lanka government declared total victory on 18 May 2009.", "answer_start": 1355, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_79bb476dc46e40809b03d2a959d03a8b_1_q#5", "question": "What were the provisions called for in the ceasefire?", "rewrite": "What were the provisions called for in the Sri Lankans civil war ceasefire?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sri Lankans in Italy There are an estimated 30,000\u201350,000 Sri Lankans in Italy. Many are permanent residents or have moved there in search of work. Sri Lankans started to migrate to Italy in the 1970s. Italy was attractive to the migrants due to perceived easier employment opportunities and entry, compared to other European countries. The first immigration waves during the second half of the Eighties consisted mainly of Tamils, followed by Sinhalese at the beginning of the 1990s. In the late 1970s, Catholic women migrated to Italy to work in elderly homes. Many Sri Lankans have also illegally migrated to Italy, mainly through the Balkans and Austria. Admission acts also encouraged more Sri Lankans to migrate to Italy. For example, the Dini Decree in 1996 made it easier for Sri Lankan workers to bring their families to Italy. In Rome, Naples and Milan, the Sri Lankans have built up \"enlarged families\", where jobs are exchanged among relatives and compatriots. Sociologist Enrica Morlicchio estimated in 1992 that 2/3rds of the Sri Lankan population in Italy was Sinhalese and Tamils constituted 1/3rd. The major Sinhalese communities in Italy are located in Lombardia (In the districts Loreto and Lazzaretto), Milan, Lazio, Rome, Naples and Southern Italy (Particularly Palermo, Messina and Catania). Most Italian Sinhalese work as domestic workers. But they have also opened businesses such as restaurants, cleaning enterprises (e.g. Cooperativa Multietnica di Pulizie Sud-Est), call centres, video-shops, traditional food shops and minimarkets. The major community organisation representing Sri Lankans in Italy is the Sri Lanka Association Italy.", "British Sri Lankans British Sri Lankans (Sinhalese: \u0db6\u0dca\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dad\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dca\u0dba \u0dc1\u0dca\u0dbb\u0dd3 \u0dbd\u0dcf\u0d82\u0d9a\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dba\u0db1\u0dca \"Britanya Shri Lankikayan\", ) are a demographic construct that contains people who can trace their ancestry to Sri Lanka. It can refer to a variety of ethnicities and races, including Sinhalese, Tamils, Moors/Muslims, and Burghers. Since the times of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, Sri Lanka historically had contact with Western Europe by being a stop on the highly profitable trade routes between the West and the East, whether through Arabic traders, or directly through Western European traders. The term \"serendipity\" comes from the Latin word used by Romans for the island. The first Western Europeans to make substantial contact with Sri Lanka were the Portuguese, followed by the Dutch and then finally the British. Sri Lankans have since been migrating to Britain for several centuries, up from the time of British ruled Ceylon. Between the 1950s to the 1980s, the United Kingdom served as the major immigration destination for highly-educated Sri Lankans, due to the relaxed immigration rules given to Sri Lankan citizens due the politics surrounding post-Empire connections such as the Commonwealth of Nations. This initial group of immigrants consisted of a very settled group of people who followed a migration model of a single journey with a settled home at the end of it. Many of these people who came are well-educated and very well off economically and have become established in British society. During the 1960s, understaffing in the UK\u2019s National Health Service opened up the opportunity for many Sri Lankans to become doctors and consultants; others managed to secure other white-collar jobs. Before 1983, when the Civil War started, social spaces for a Sri Lankan elite existed, there were hardly any ethnic boundaries and all ethnicities attended Sri Lankan High Commission receptions and the frequent intra-school sports competitions organized by Sri Lankan schools alumnae.", "To date MCC has seen six President's: Today MCC makes its way in this ever-changing globe under the dynamic leadership of Dato Dr NKS Tharmaseelan. After 50 years of hibernation MCC has now become visible. It must also be noted that it was only on 27 February 2009 was MCC formally registered with the Malasian Election's Commission (SPR) Many Ceylonese were also involved in the independence movements in Malaya and Singapore. In Singapore, there are many current and past ministers who are of Ceylonese Tamil in origin and Tamil is a national language. Sinnathamby Rajaratnam was the former foreign minister and deputy prime minister of Singapore and regarded as one of the founding fathers of Singapore. His death in 2006 was marked with a state funeral by the government of Singapore. The Singapore flag was flown at half mast at all public buildings and former Prime Minister and friend Lee Kuan Yew cried when giving his eulogy. Even today, the Sri Lankan community in Malaysia and Singapore is an upwardly mobile community taking up many professional and government posts. One of Malaysia's and South East Asia's richest men is billionaire Tan Sri Ananda Krishnan, who regularly makes it to \"Forbes\" magazine's billionaire list. Sri Lankans generally go to the Middle East to find work. For Sri Lankans Saudi Arabia is the largest \"unskilled and semi-skilled labour\" importing country, ahead of Qatar, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates. There are approximately 7,500 Sri Lankans in Israel, as of 2011. There are approximately 80,000 to 90,000 Sri Lankans in Lebanon. There is a large domestic labour population in Lebanon. As of 2016 December, there are 145,256 Sri Lankans living and working in Qatar. As of 2007 there were approximately 400,000 Sri Lankans in Saudi Arabia.", "There are about 46,000 to 55,000 Swiss of Sri Lankan origin and Sri Lankan expatriates are living in Switzerland, with around 32,000 to 42,000 home to Sri Lanka Tamils. Sri Lankans have been migrating to Britain for several generations, up from the time of British ruled Ceylon. They include Sri Lankans of all ethnicities and backgrounds and boasts a large population in the country. In 2001 the United Kingdom Census recorded 67,938 Sri Lankan-born UK residents, however the total population is estimated to be in the hundred thousands. Most Sri Lankans live in London. The 2006 Census in Australia found that there were approximately 29,055 Sinhalese Australians (0.1 percent of the population). That was an addition of 8,395 Sinhalese Australians (a 40.6 percent increase) from the 2001 Census. There are 73,849 Australians (0.4 of the population) who reported having Sinhalese ancestry in 2006. This was 26 percent more in 2001, in which 58,602 Australia reported having Sinhalese ancestry. The census is counted by Sri Lankans who speak the Sinhalese language at home. Because the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) uses Sinhalese as opposed to Sri Lankan as the category to define ancestry, it is hard to estimate the number of Tamil Sri Lankans currently living in Australia The early arrivals to come to New Zealand from what was then British Ceylon were a few prospectors attracted to the gold rushes. By 1874 there were a mere 33 New Zealand residents born in Ceylon. The numbers arriving continued to increase, and at the 2013 census there were over 11,000 Sri Lankans living in New Zealand. Sri Lankan New Zealanders comprised 3% of the Asian population of New Zealand in 2001.", "Sri Lankan Americans Sri Lankan Americans (); () are Americans of full or partial Sri Lankan ancestry. Sri Lankan Americans are persons of Sri Lankan origin from various Sri Lankan ethnic backgrounds. The people are classified as South Asian in origin. Sri Lankans started arriving in the U.S. around the mid 1950s in larger numbers, but there is evidence from U.S. census records of Sri Lankans having arrived in earlier years from Ceylon. In 1975, Sri Lankan immigrants were classified for the first time as belonging to a category separate from \"other Asian\". In that year, 432 Sri Lankans entered the United States. According to the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service records, in 1996, 1,277 Sri Lankans were naturalized. This included 615 who had arrived in 1995 and 254 who had arrived in 1994, compared with only 68 arrivals in 1993 and 17 before 1985. The number increased to 14,448 in the 1990s in conjunction with the Sri Lankan Civil War. Sri Lankan Americans settled largely in cities. The New York City Metropolitan Area, including New York City, Long Island, and Central New Jersey, contains the largest Sri Lankan community in the United States, receiving the highest legal permanent resident Sri Lankan immigrant population, followed by the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Little Sri Lanka, in the Tompkinsville neighborhood of the borough of Staten Island in New York City, is one of the largest Sri Lankan communities outside of the country of Sri Lanka itself. As of 2019, Sri Lankans were coalescing on Staten Island. Staten Island alone has been estimated as home to more than 5,000 Sri Lankan Americans. Around 40% were born in the United States, while only a half are U.S. citizens. Sri Lankan Americans are generally educated and affluent."], "answer": {"text": "to give the military broader powers against the LTTE, as well as ruling out of any devolution of power to the Tamil people.", "answer_start": 427}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Mahinda Rajapasksas role in the Sri Lankan civil war?", "answer": {"text": "Although styling himself as a man of peace and a willing negotiator, Rajapaksa signaled his intention to end the peace process", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the peace process end?", "answer": {"text": "The agreement made with Rajapaksa included provisions which called for a revision of the ceasefire agreement", "answer_start": 318, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what significance does Sir lankan have to do with the civil war", "answer": {"text": "The Sri Lanka government declared total victory on 18 May 2009.", "answer_start": 1355, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after they declared victory?", "answer": {"text": "President Mahinda Rajapaksa delivered a victory address to the Parliament and declared that Sri Lanka is liberated from terrorism.", "answer_start": 1434, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to Rajapaksa after the civil war?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_912832bc46a5451381275ef4f5c70a33_0_q#0", "question": "Who had a solo career in A-Teens?", "rewrite": "Who had a solo career in A-Teens?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Marie Serneholt Marie Eleonor Serneholt (; born 11 July 1983) is a Swedish singer and model. She was a member of the Swedish pop band A*Teens from 1998 to 2004, and went on to pursue a solo career after the band dissolved. She announced her pregnancy on her Instagram in 2018. She gave birth to twin boys later that year. In 1998, Serneholt signed a recording deal with Stockholm Records (part of Universal Music Group) along with her bandmates Sara Lumholdt, Dhani Lennevald, and Amit Sebastian Paul. Together they performed as the A*Teens. In 1999, they released their first single, a cover of Swedish pop group ABBA's \"Mamma Mia\". The single topped the charts in Sweden for eight consecutive weeks, and achieved international success. By 2000, the A*Teens' first album, \"The ABBA Generation\", had sold two million copies, and they became one of the most internationally successful Swedish pop bands. By 2001, the group had sold more than six million albums. In 2004, it released a \"Greatest Hits\" album, and in 2006 the group broke up. With the A*Teens split, it was rumored that Serneholt would be the first to pursue a solo career. This proved to be unfounded when Lennevald released his debut single in September 2004. In 2005, Serneholt was picked as the face of the Maybelline cosmetics line in Scandinavia. She also gave her voice for the Swedish versions of the movies \"Robots\" and \"\". In 2005, Serneholt called J\u00f6rgen Elofsson, who had written music for Britney Spears and C\u00e9line Dion. Elofsson was busy with other artists at the time, but Serneholt was adamant to have him produce an album for her.", "List of awards and nominations received by Busta Rhymes Among the awards won by the American musician Busta Rhymes are The Source Awards (1999), Soul Train Music Awards (2000), the Smash Hits Poll Winners Party (2005), Myx Music Award (2006), and the BET Hip Hop Awards (2006 and 2011). He has been nominated many times for the Grammy Award and the MTV Video Music Award. Busta Rhymes has been nominated for one \"Billboard\" Music Award during his solo career. The Winter Music Conference was established in 1985. It is a part of the Winter Music Conference, a weeklong electronic music event held annually. Busta Rhymes received one award out of one nomination. Busta Rhymes has won a Soul Train Music Award and has been nominated for two Soul Train Music Awards during his solo career. Busta Rhymes has been nominated for one American Music Award during his solo career. Busta Rhymes has won a Source Award during his solo career. Busta Rhymes has been nominated for 12 Grammy Awards during his solo career. Busta Rhymes has been nominated for 16 MTV Video Music Awards during his solo career. The Myx Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony presented by the Philippine music video channel myx. Busta Rhymes received one nomination and won one. The Smash Hits Poll Winners Party were an awards ceremony which ran from 1988 to 2005. Each award winner was voted by readers of the \"Smash Hits\" magazine. Busta Rhymes received one award from one nomination.", "Dhani Lennevald John Dhani Lennevald (born 24 July 1984 in Stockholm) is a Swedish Pop/R&B dancer and singer. He is a former member of the pop group A-Teens. In 1998, at the age of 14, Lennevald signed a record deal with Stockholm Records (part of Universal Music Group) along with his then band mates, Sara, Marie and Amit. Together they performed as the A-Teens. In 1999, they released their first single, a cover of the legendary band ABBA, \"Mamma Mia\". The single topped the charts in Sweden for 8 consecutive weeks, and the success was similar around the world. By 2000, the A-Teens' first album, \" The ABBA Generation\" had sold 4 million copies, and they became one of the most successful Swedish bands around the world. After 6 years together and more than 9 million albums sold, the A-Teens parted ways after their \"Greatest Hits\" album and their final tour together in Sweden. After the A-Teens went their separate ways in 2004, Dhani chose to return to the studio in order to write and record new songs. \" Girl Talk\" is the introduction to Lennevald's solo career. The record company freely admits that there hadn\u2019t been much speculation surrounding a solo career for Lennevald. On the contrary, most of the questions regarding solo careers have centred on the girls in the band. Lennevald approached the record company with five new songs, just one and a half weeks after the end of the tour. Lennevald's driving force in delivering songs of such quality and in a relatively short space of time impressed everyone concerned. Lennevald created a new sound, assisted by producer Peter Bj\u00f6rklund, in which his voice is the prime focus.", "At this point, Bj\u00f6rk had decided to leave the band to pursue her solo career, but their contract included the making of one last album, \"Stick Around for Joy\" (1992), with a subsequent promotional tour, which she agreed to do. Bj\u00f6rk was featured on two tracks of the soundtrack for the 1992 film \"Remote Control\" (known as \"S\u00f3d\u00f3ma Reykjav\u00edk\" in Iceland). The Sugarcubes split up after they played one last show in Reykjav\u00edk. \" Rolling Stone\" has called them \"the biggest rock band to emerge from Iceland.\" Bj\u00f6rk moved to London to pursue a solo career; she began working with producer Nellee Hooper (who had produced Massive Attack, among others). Their partnership produced Bj\u00f6rk's first international solo hit, \"Human Behaviour\", a clattering dance track based on a guitar rhythm sampled from Ant\u00f4nio Carlos Jobim. In most countries, the song was not widely played on radio, but its music video gained strong airtime on MTV. It was directed by Michel Gondry, who became a frequent collaborator for Bj\u00f6rk. Her first adult solo album, \"Debut\", was released in June 1993 to positive reviews; it was named album of the year by \"NME\" and eventually went platinum in the United States. \" Debut\" was the leap Bj\u00f6rk made from being in numerous bands during her teens and early twenties to her solo career. She named the album \"Debut\" to signify a start of something new. \" Debut\" had a mix of songs Bj\u00f6rk had been writing since she was a teenager, as well as more recent lyrical collaborations with Hooper. The dance-oriented album varied in instrumentation. One single from the album, \"Venus as a Boy\", featured a Bollywood-influenced string arrangement.", "After his departure in early 1999, Gackt started a solo career a year later which has been enormously successful; he is one of Japan's top musicians and TV personalities. Klaha started a solo career as well in December 2002, but in the middle of 2004 it was announced that his fan club would be closing down, and after that there have been long periods of silence, only broken by rare updates on his site. In 2007 he stated on his site that he would resume musical activity that year. But this did not happen and no information has been announced since. Yu ~ki has not been active on the music scene since 2004 when he wrote the song \"Memento\", about Kami, for K\u00f6zi's solo project. In an informal conversation with Klaha, he said he would like to return to the music scene. K\u00f6zi formed the industrial duo Eve of Destiny with Haruhiko Ash (ex:The Zolge) and also started a solo career. As of Halloween 2008 he is part of the band Dalle. Around June 2010, K\u00f6zi started to perform with a band called My Horror Revue. He has also formed the band XA-VAT, who held their first performance on November 16, 2010 and released their first single on December 2. In 2012, he formed the band ZIZ with the musicians who supported him with his solo career. Mana has formed his own solo project Moi dix Mois, which has performed live concerts across Europe. In addition to the successful solo project, Mana is a designer for his fashion label Moi-m\u00eame-Moiti\u00e9 (created in 1999), which focuses on the styles Elegant Gothic Aristocrat and Elegant Gothic Lolita. He also continues to run his indie record label , and has produced for artists such as Schwarz Stein and Kanon Wakeshima."], "answer": {"text": "Dhani Lennevald released \"Girl Talk\", his first single as a solo artist, in Sweden.", "answer_start": 18}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_912832bc46a5451381275ef4f5c70a33_0_q#1", "question": "Anybody else have a solo career?", "rewrite": "Besides Dhani Lennevald, did anyone else have a solo career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In September 2004 Dhani Lennevald released \"Girl Talk\", his first single as a solo artist, in Sweden. There it peaked at number twenty-nine, ensuring Gold status after nine weeks on the charts. Dhani and Universal Music parted ways in 2005, now he's preparing the release of his first solo album. In 2005, Marie Serneholt signed with SonyBMG and in early 2006, she released her first single as a solo artist titled \"That's The Way My Heart Goes\". It reached number two in Sweden in February, and was later released in Europe and certified Gold. This was followed by the album Enjoy the Ride which peaked at number nine in her homeland. According to her personal MySpace page she is recording her second album. She participated in Melodifestivalen 2009 with the track 'Disconnect Me'. In 2011 she was the host for Melodifestivalen in Sweden. She also participated in Melodifestivalen 2012 with the single 'Salt and Pepper.' Serneholt was a judge on X Factor in Sweden where she was the mentor for the groups. Serneholt has also been working as a model and TV-host. Currently working as a TV-host for shows like Bingolotto and other game shows. Marie is counted to be the most successful member of the A-Teens. Amit Sebastian Paul made his debut as well. \"Songs In a Key of Mine\" is a mini-album with eight demos. Amit Paul has released his first Solo album \"Songs In A Key Of Mine\" which features 12 songs in April 2008, with the first single \"Judge You\" was released soon after. Amit Paul has also a future career in business, and finished his Masters at the prestigious Stockholm School of Economics, where he did an internship at the management consultancy Bain & Company.", "Stories (Avicii album) Stories is the second studio album by Swedish electronic music producer Avicii, released on 2 October 2015 by PRMD Music and Island Records. It was produced by Avicii along with Salem Al Fakir, Alex Ebert, Carl Falk, Kristoffer Fogelmark, Martin Garrix, Dhani Lennevald, Ash Pournouri, Albin Nedler, and Vincent Pontare on several tracks. It is his last studio album to be released in his lifetime. \"Stories\" was released to mixed to positive reviews from critics. Four singles were released from the album: \"Waiting for Love\", \"Pure Grinding\", \"For a Better Day\", and \"Broken Arrows\", along with the promotional singles \"Ten More Days\" and \"Gonna Love Ya\". \"Stories\" has sold one million copies worldwide as of November 2015, and was the fourth most-streamed album of the year worldwide on Spotify. In July 2014, Avicii told \"Rolling Stone\" that he had worked on 70 songs for his next album and would include collaborations with Jon Bon Jovi, Billie Joe Armstrong, Chris Martin, Wyclef Jean, Serj Tankian and Matisyahu. Describing the album, Avicii said: \"It's going to be a lot more song-oriented.\" On 2 March 2015, Avicii performed live at Australia's Future Music Festival. A lot of songs were leaked onto the internet from Avicii's UMF 2015 set. These songs include \"Waiting for Love\", \"For a Better Day\", \"City Lights\" and \"Sunset Jesus\", leaked under the name \"Attack\". A complete track listing of the set can be found on Avicii's SoundCloud page.", "Marie Serneholt Marie Eleonor Serneholt (; born 11 July 1983) is a Swedish singer and model. She was a member of the Swedish pop band A*Teens from 1998 to 2004, and went on to pursue a solo career after the band dissolved. She announced her pregnancy on her Instagram in 2018. She gave birth to twin boys later that year. In 1998, Serneholt signed a recording deal with Stockholm Records (part of Universal Music Group) along with her bandmates Sara Lumholdt, Dhani Lennevald, and Amit Sebastian Paul. Together they performed as the A*Teens. In 1999, they released their first single, a cover of Swedish pop group ABBA's \"Mamma Mia\". The single topped the charts in Sweden for eight consecutive weeks, and achieved international success. By 2000, the A*Teens' first album, \"The ABBA Generation\", had sold two million copies, and they became one of the most internationally successful Swedish pop bands. By 2001, the group had sold more than six million albums. In 2004, it released a \"Greatest Hits\" album, and in 2006 the group broke up. With the A*Teens split, it was rumored that Serneholt would be the first to pursue a solo career. This proved to be unfounded when Lennevald released his debut single in September 2004. In 2005, Serneholt was picked as the face of the Maybelline cosmetics line in Scandinavia. She also gave her voice for the Swedish versions of the movies \"Robots\" and \"\". In 2005, Serneholt called J\u00f6rgen Elofsson, who had written music for Britney Spears and C\u00e9line Dion. Elofsson was busy with other artists at the time, but Serneholt was adamant to have him produce an album for her.", "Dhani Lennevald John Dhani Lennevald (born 24 July 1984 in Stockholm) is a Swedish Pop/R&B dancer and singer. He is a former member of the pop group A-Teens. In 1998, at the age of 14, Lennevald signed a record deal with Stockholm Records (part of Universal Music Group) along with his then band mates, Sara, Marie and Amit. Together they performed as the A-Teens. In 1999, they released their first single, a cover of the legendary band ABBA, \"Mamma Mia\". The single topped the charts in Sweden for 8 consecutive weeks, and the success was similar around the world. By 2000, the A-Teens' first album, \" The ABBA Generation\" had sold 4 million copies, and they became one of the most successful Swedish bands around the world. After 6 years together and more than 9 million albums sold, the A-Teens parted ways after their \"Greatest Hits\" album and their final tour together in Sweden. After the A-Teens went their separate ways in 2004, Dhani chose to return to the studio in order to write and record new songs. \" Girl Talk\" is the introduction to Lennevald's solo career. The record company freely admits that there hadn\u2019t been much speculation surrounding a solo career for Lennevald. On the contrary, most of the questions regarding solo careers have centred on the girls in the band. Lennevald approached the record company with five new songs, just one and a half weeks after the end of the tour. Lennevald's driving force in delivering songs of such quality and in a relatively short space of time impressed everyone concerned. Lennevald created a new sound, assisted by producer Peter Bj\u00f6rklund, in which his voice is the prime focus.", "Girl Talk (Dhani Lennevald song) \"Girl Talk\" is the first single by Swedish pop and R&B music singer Dhani Lennevald, the single was released on September 2004 in Sweden. Although, the low chart position, the song was very popular in his native Sweden, where it peaked at #20 on the Single Charts earning a gold certification for more than 10,000 copies sold of the physical single. \"Girl Talk\" spent 9 weeks inside the Swedish Top 60. The video for \"Girl Talk\" was filmed in Stockholm, Sweden on August 17 & 18, and was premiered on September 16 on Swedish Channel TV4. The video shows Dhani in different places of the city, trying to understand the 'Girl Talks'. In an attempt to quit the \"A*Teens Boy\" Image, sexy images of him and a girl were shown on the video, but this failed to get the public's attention. The music video had respectable rotation on Swedish music channels. The version of the song used on the video, was featuring Nik & Jay, they also appeared on the video."], "answer": {"text": "In 2005, Marie Serneholt signed with SonyBMG and in early 2006, she released her first single as a solo artist titled \"That's The Way My Heart Goes\".", "answer_start": 297}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who had a solo career in A-Teens?", "answer": {"text": "Dhani Lennevald released \"Girl Talk\", his first single as a solo artist, in Sweden.", "answer_start": 18, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_912832bc46a5451381275ef4f5c70a33_0_q#2", "question": "Anybody else have a solo career?", "rewrite": "Other than Marie Serneholt and Dhani Lennevald, did anyone else have a solo career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In September 2004 Dhani Lennevald released \"Girl Talk\", his first single as a solo artist, in Sweden. There it peaked at number twenty-nine, ensuring Gold status after nine weeks on the charts. Dhani and Universal Music parted ways in 2005, now he's preparing the release of his first solo album. In 2005, Marie Serneholt signed with SonyBMG and in early 2006, she released her first single as a solo artist titled \"That's The Way My Heart Goes\". It reached number two in Sweden in February, and was later released in Europe and certified Gold. This was followed by the album Enjoy the Ride which peaked at number nine in her homeland. According to her personal MySpace page she is recording her second album. She participated in Melodifestivalen 2009 with the track 'Disconnect Me'. In 2011 she was the host for Melodifestivalen in Sweden. She also participated in Melodifestivalen 2012 with the single 'Salt and Pepper.' Serneholt was a judge on X Factor in Sweden where she was the mentor for the groups. Serneholt has also been working as a model and TV-host. Currently working as a TV-host for shows like Bingolotto and other game shows. Marie is counted to be the most successful member of the A-Teens. Amit Sebastian Paul made his debut as well. \"Songs In a Key of Mine\" is a mini-album with eight demos. Amit Paul has released his first Solo album \"Songs In A Key Of Mine\" which features 12 songs in April 2008, with the first single \"Judge You\" was released soon after. Amit Paul has also a future career in business, and finished his Masters at the prestigious Stockholm School of Economics, where he did an internship at the management consultancy Bain & Company.", "Enjoy the Ride (Marie Serneholt album) Enjoy The Ride is the debut studio album from Swedish pop music singer Marie Serneholt, led by the first single and #2 hit \"That's The Way My Heart Goes\" the album was released on March 29, 2006, debuting at #9 in Sweden, but falling quickly on the charts. Second single, \"I Need A House\" did nothing for the album's success despite peaking at #40 on the Swedish Singles Chart and #2 on the Swedish Download Chart. Third single, \"Oxygen\" was premiered on radio in mid-October and the video was premiered on October 26. The single has been released as a digital download in Sweden but no official release date has been announced for a release on CD. Serneholt was said to be preparing for the international release of the album in Germany, Switzerland and other European countries, however plans for worldwide distribution never came to fruition, aside from the album being released in Taiwan as a limited edition. Serneholt knew that she wanted to embark on a solo career after A*Teens' parted ways, but wanted to absorb all the impressions of the past years first. She needed the right people to work with as well as the right material. Serneholt first contacted J\u00f6rgen Elofsson several years ago. At that point, however, Elofsson\u2019s schedule was full, and Marie wasn\u2019t yet sure in what direction to take her career. And in 2005 she felt she had a vision and called him again. This time, all the pieces fell into place. Elofsson had just started collaborating with two relatively young and unknown producers, Richard Brand\u00e9n and P\u00e4r Westerlund. Serneholt decided she wanted to make a Pop album", "Oxygen (Marie Serneholt song) \"Oxygen\" is the third single by the Swedish pop music singer Marie Serneholt, released from her first album \" Enjoy the Ride\" in 2006. After so much speculation about Marie's third single, promotional copies of the song were sent to Swedish radios in the second week of October. The video was premiered on 26 October on Swedish Music Channels. The song had already been released for digital download on 9 October. No physical release was made for this single. The song peaked at number seventy-six, failing to chart inside the Top 60. The video was filmed in Stockholm, Sweden, on 22 September and it was premiered on 26 October. Serneholt posted on her official blog: \" \"Yay!! My new video is done and i'm so happy and proud over it! Can't wait for you to see it! I'm so excited! I wrote this in the Swedish forum, but i just want to thank all of you who's supporting me and my music, this Monday i received my first prize here in Sweden:-) it is called Guldmobilen, and you get that prize when your song's been downloaded more than 10000 times from 3s portal. So THANK YOU!!!:-) A big hug to all of you! //Your Marie\"\" As the video starts, Serneholt appears to be naked, singing the song on her bed. She puts her dress on, goes out of her house and starts to fly. The video also shows Serneholt walking on the road and flying above the sea and singing on the beach. The video was filmed on location and uses special effects. Digital download", "Marie Serneholt Marie Eleonor Serneholt (; born 11 July 1983) is a Swedish singer and model. She was a member of the Swedish pop band A*Teens from 1998 to 2004, and went on to pursue a solo career after the band dissolved. She announced her pregnancy on her Instagram in 2018. She gave birth to twin boys later that year. In 1998, Serneholt signed a recording deal with Stockholm Records (part of Universal Music Group) along with her bandmates Sara Lumholdt, Dhani Lennevald, and Amit Sebastian Paul. Together they performed as the A*Teens. In 1999, they released their first single, a cover of Swedish pop group ABBA's \"Mamma Mia\". The single topped the charts in Sweden for eight consecutive weeks, and achieved international success. By 2000, the A*Teens' first album, \"The ABBA Generation\", had sold two million copies, and they became one of the most internationally successful Swedish pop bands. By 2001, the group had sold more than six million albums. In 2004, it released a \"Greatest Hits\" album, and in 2006 the group broke up. With the A*Teens split, it was rumored that Serneholt would be the first to pursue a solo career. This proved to be unfounded when Lennevald released his debut single in September 2004. In 2005, Serneholt was picked as the face of the Maybelline cosmetics line in Scandinavia. She also gave her voice for the Swedish versions of the movies \"Robots\" and \"\". In 2005, Serneholt called J\u00f6rgen Elofsson, who had written music for Britney Spears and C\u00e9line Dion. Elofsson was busy with other artists at the time, but Serneholt was adamant to have him produce an album for her.", "Dhani Lennevald John Dhani Lennevald (born 24 July 1984 in Stockholm) is a Swedish Pop/R&B dancer and singer. He is a former member of the pop group A-Teens. In 1998, at the age of 14, Lennevald signed a record deal with Stockholm Records (part of Universal Music Group) along with his then band mates, Sara, Marie and Amit. Together they performed as the A-Teens. In 1999, they released their first single, a cover of the legendary band ABBA, \"Mamma Mia\". The single topped the charts in Sweden for 8 consecutive weeks, and the success was similar around the world. By 2000, the A-Teens' first album, \" The ABBA Generation\" had sold 4 million copies, and they became one of the most successful Swedish bands around the world. After 6 years together and more than 9 million albums sold, the A-Teens parted ways after their \"Greatest Hits\" album and their final tour together in Sweden. After the A-Teens went their separate ways in 2004, Dhani chose to return to the studio in order to write and record new songs. \" Girl Talk\" is the introduction to Lennevald's solo career. The record company freely admits that there hadn\u2019t been much speculation surrounding a solo career for Lennevald. On the contrary, most of the questions regarding solo careers have centred on the girls in the band. Lennevald approached the record company with five new songs, just one and a half weeks after the end of the tour. Lennevald's driving force in delivering songs of such quality and in a relatively short space of time impressed everyone concerned. Lennevald created a new sound, assisted by producer Peter Bj\u00f6rklund, in which his voice is the prime focus."], "answer": {"text": "Amit Paul has released his first Solo album \"Songs In A Key Of Mine\" which features 12 songs in April 2008,", "answer_start": 1312}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who had a solo career in A-Teens?", "answer": {"text": "Dhani Lennevald released \"Girl Talk\", his first single as a solo artist, in Sweden.", "answer_start": 18, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anybody else have a solo career?", "answer": {"text": "In 2005, Marie Serneholt signed with SonyBMG and in early 2006, she released her first single as a solo artist titled \"That's The Way My Heart Goes\".", "answer_start": 297, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_912832bc46a5451381275ef4f5c70a33_0_q#3", "question": "Anybody else have a solo career?", "rewrite": "In addition to Amit Paul, Maire Serneholt, and Dhani Lennevald, did anyone else have a solo career?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Amit Sebastian Paul Amit Sebastian Paul (born 29 October 1983 in Boden, Sweden), is a Swedish singer and former member of the Swedish quartet A-Teens. Amit was born in Sweden. His father was a Bengali Hindu and came to Sweden 10 years before Amit's birth, while his mother was originally from V\u00e4rmland. In 1998, Paul signed a record deal with Stockholm Records (part of Universal Music Group) along with his then bandmates Marie, Dhani and Sara. Together they performed as the A-Teens. In 1999, they released their first single, a cover of ABBA's Mamma Mia. The single topped the charts in Sweden for 8 consecutive weeks, and the success was similar around the world. By 2000, the A-Teens' first album, The ABBA Generation had sold 4 million copies, and they became one of the most internationally successful Swedish pop bands. After six years together and more than 5 million albums sold, the A-Teens disbanded following a Greatest Hits album and a final tour in Sweden. Amit has released his first Solo album \"\"Songs In A Key Of Mine\"\" which features 12 songs in April 2008, with the first single \"\"Judge You\"\" being released soon after. Amit Paul has also a future career in business, as he finished his Masters at the Stockholm School of Economics, doing an internship at the management consultancy Bain & Company. Paul married Unnur \u00ddrr Helgad\u00f3ttir, an Icelandic graphic designer in 2012. On December 31, 2015, she gave birth to their first child.", "Dhani Lennevald John Dhani Lennevald (born 24 July 1984 in Stockholm) is a Swedish Pop/R&B dancer and singer. He is a former member of the pop group A-Teens. In 1998, at the age of 14, Lennevald signed a record deal with Stockholm Records (part of Universal Music Group) along with his then band mates, Sara, Marie and Amit. Together they performed as the A-Teens. In 1999, they released their first single, a cover of the legendary band ABBA, \"Mamma Mia\". The single topped the charts in Sweden for 8 consecutive weeks, and the success was similar around the world. By 2000, the A-Teens' first album, \" The ABBA Generation\" had sold 4 million copies, and they became one of the most successful Swedish bands around the world. After 6 years together and more than 9 million albums sold, the A-Teens parted ways after their \"Greatest Hits\" album and their final tour together in Sweden. After the A-Teens went their separate ways in 2004, Dhani chose to return to the studio in order to write and record new songs. \" Girl Talk\" is the introduction to Lennevald's solo career. The record company freely admits that there hadn\u2019t been much speculation surrounding a solo career for Lennevald. On the contrary, most of the questions regarding solo careers have centred on the girls in the band. Lennevald approached the record company with five new songs, just one and a half weeks after the end of the tour. Lennevald's driving force in delivering songs of such quality and in a relatively short space of time impressed everyone concerned. Lennevald created a new sound, assisted by producer Peter Bj\u00f6rklund, in which his voice is the prime focus.", "Marie Serneholt Marie Eleonor Serneholt (; born 11 July 1983) is a Swedish singer and model. She was a member of the Swedish pop band A*Teens from 1998 to 2004, and went on to pursue a solo career after the band dissolved. She announced her pregnancy on her Instagram in 2018. She gave birth to twin boys later that year. In 1998, Serneholt signed a recording deal with Stockholm Records (part of Universal Music Group) along with her bandmates Sara Lumholdt, Dhani Lennevald, and Amit Sebastian Paul. Together they performed as the A*Teens. In 1999, they released their first single, a cover of Swedish pop group ABBA's \"Mamma Mia\". The single topped the charts in Sweden for eight consecutive weeks, and achieved international success. By 2000, the A*Teens' first album, \"The ABBA Generation\", had sold two million copies, and they became one of the most internationally successful Swedish pop bands. By 2001, the group had sold more than six million albums. In 2004, it released a \"Greatest Hits\" album, and in 2006 the group broke up. With the A*Teens split, it was rumored that Serneholt would be the first to pursue a solo career. This proved to be unfounded when Lennevald released his debut single in September 2004. In 2005, Serneholt was picked as the face of the Maybelline cosmetics line in Scandinavia. She also gave her voice for the Swedish versions of the movies \"Robots\" and \"\". In 2005, Serneholt called J\u00f6rgen Elofsson, who had written music for Britney Spears and C\u00e9line Dion. Elofsson was busy with other artists at the time, but Serneholt was adamant to have him produce an album for her.", "Girl Talk (Dhani Lennevald song) \"Girl Talk\" is the first single by Swedish pop and R&B music singer Dhani Lennevald, the single was released on September 2004 in Sweden. Although, the low chart position, the song was very popular in his native Sweden, where it peaked at #20 on the Single Charts earning a gold certification for more than 10,000 copies sold of the physical single. \"Girl Talk\" spent 9 weeks inside the Swedish Top 60. The video for \"Girl Talk\" was filmed in Stockholm, Sweden on August 17 & 18, and was premiered on September 16 on Swedish Channel TV4. The video shows Dhani in different places of the city, trying to understand the 'Girl Talks'. In an attempt to quit the \"A*Teens Boy\" Image, sexy images of him and a girl were shown on the video, but this failed to get the public's attention. The music video had respectable rotation on Swedish music channels. The version of the song used on the video, was featuring Nik & Jay, they also appeared on the video.", "In September 2004 Dhani Lennevald released \"Girl Talk\", his first single as a solo artist, in Sweden. There it peaked at number twenty-nine, ensuring Gold status after nine weeks on the charts. Dhani and Universal Music parted ways in 2005, now he's preparing the release of his first solo album. In 2005, Marie Serneholt signed with SonyBMG and in early 2006, she released her first single as a solo artist titled \"That's The Way My Heart Goes\". It reached number two in Sweden in February, and was later released in Europe and certified Gold. This was followed by the album Enjoy the Ride which peaked at number nine in her homeland. According to her personal MySpace page she is recording her second album. She participated in Melodifestivalen 2009 with the track 'Disconnect Me'. In 2011 she was the host for Melodifestivalen in Sweden. She also participated in Melodifestivalen 2012 with the single 'Salt and Pepper.' Serneholt was a judge on X Factor in Sweden where she was the mentor for the groups. Serneholt has also been working as a model and TV-host. Currently working as a TV-host for shows like Bingolotto and other game shows. Marie is counted to be the most successful member of the A-Teens. Amit Sebastian Paul made his debut as well. \"Songs In a Key of Mine\" is a mini-album with eight demos. Amit Paul has released his first Solo album \"Songs In A Key Of Mine\" which features 12 songs in April 2008, with the first single \"Judge You\" was released soon after. Amit Paul has also a future career in business, and finished his Masters at the prestigious Stockholm School of Economics, where he did an internship at the management consultancy Bain & Company."], "answer": {"text": "Sara Lumholdt released a cover of Olivia Newton-John's song \"Physical\" for a compilation album.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who had a solo career in A-Teens?", "answer": {"text": "Dhani Lennevald released \"Girl Talk\", his first single as a solo artist, in Sweden.", "answer_start": 18, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anybody else have a solo career?", "answer": {"text": "In 2005, Marie Serneholt signed with SonyBMG and in early 2006, she released her first single as a solo artist titled \"That's The Way My Heart Goes\".", "answer_start": 297, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anybody else have a solo career?", "answer": {"text": "Amit Paul has released his first Solo album \"Songs In A Key Of Mine\" which features 12 songs in April 2008,", "answer_start": 1312, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_912832bc46a5451381275ef4f5c70a33_0_q#4", "question": "What year was Girl Talk released?", "rewrite": "What year was Girl Talk released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Girl Talk/ The Speed Star \"Girl Talk/ The Speed Star\" is a double a-side by Japanese recording artist Namie Amuro from her seventh studio album \"Queen of Hip-Pop\" (2005). The a-side, which consists of the tracks \"Girl Talk\" and \"The Speed Star\", was released as the album's third single on October 14, 2004. \" Girl Talk\" was written and produced by T.Kura and Michico while \"The Speed Star\" was written and produced by Akira and Monk. The songs are R&B-dance tracks, which features instrumentation from synthesizers, violins, keyboards and bass guitars. Both \"Girl Talk\" and \"The Speed Star\" were used as the commercial songs for cosmetic company Lucido-L. The songs received positive reviews from music critics, who commended the songs' composition and production. Charting together as a single, \"Girl Talk/The Speed Star\" reached number two on the Japanese Oricon Singles Chart and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ). The songs both received a music video, with \"Girl Talk\" featuring Amuro inside a mansion with her lover and \"The Speed Star\" showing Amuro dancing in front of a large-scaled motor. \"Girl Talk\" was written and produced by T.Kura and Michico while \"The Speed Star\" was written and produced by Akira and Monk. With the announcement of a new studio album in May 2005, Amuro's label Avex Trax confirmed that all the pre-released singles would be included in the album apart from \"The Speed Star\" for unknown reasons. Both \"Girl Talk\" and \"The Speed Star\" were used as the commercial songs for cosmetic company Lucido-L, which Amuro had been spokesperson since 2003. \" Girl Talk/", "Girl Talk Inc. Girl Talk Inc. is an international student-to-student mentoring program designed for high school girls to mentor and be positive role models for middle school girls. Haley Kilpatrick founded the mentoring program as a high school student in Albany, Georgia during the fall of 2002, and the program currently has more than 375 chapters in 48 states across the United States as well as in the Virgin Islands and Zambia. The mentoring program has reached more than 30,000 middle school girls. Girl Talk Inc. is a non-profit organization with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. Girl Talk is designed to build self-esteem and encourage individuality in middle school girls. In the weekly chapter meetings, the high school Girl Talk leader picks topics to discuss for lessons that are designed to build girls' character and intelligence. Girl Talk sessions are guided by the T.H.I.N.K. acronym, which stands for True, Honest, Important, Necessary, and Kind, and refers to how people should converse. Girl Talk chapters are formed by female high school students, mothers, teachers or counselors, who visit the program's website and fill in a form requesting the creation of a new chapter. The Girl Talk Chapter Coordinator Erin Patterson then contacts those parties. Haley Kilpatrick founded Girl Talk at Deerfield-Windsor School in Albany, GA, in the fall of 2002 because of her own middle school experiences. Kilpatrick had a hard time adjusting in middle school and often felt left out. While in high school Kilpatrick led a very active and social life, but she noticed that almost all her friends encountered similar experiences throughout middle school. Thus, Kilpatrick decided she wanted to make a difference and create a student-to-student mentoring group to help ameliorate the middle-school experience for girls.", "In 2013, Girl Talk continued his work on a new mashup album, producing various hip-hop beats and tracks along with his live shows. In 2014, Girl Talk and Freeway performed an unknown collaboration during a private show. Then, Girl Talk released a video clip for \"Tolerated\" with Freeway and Waka Flocka Flame. The \"Broken Ankles\" EP was released soon after via DatPiff. Gillis played at the Coachella Festival in 2014. For the first time in one of his live shows, artists, including Busta Rhymes, E-40, Juicy J and Freeway, performed their vocals over his mashups. After the success of his album \"Feed the Animals\", for which listeners were asked to pay a price of their choosing, Gillis made all of his other albums similarly available via the Illegal Art website. \"Night Ripper\" was number 34 on Pitchfork's Top 50 Albums of 2006, number 22 on \"Rolling Stone's\" Best Albums of 2006, and number 27 on \"Spin's\" 40 Best Albums of 2006. In 2007, Gillis was the recipient of a \"Wired\" magazine Rave Award. \"Feed the Animals\" was number four on \"Time's\" Top 10 Albums of 2008. \" Rolling Stone\" gave the album four stars and ranked the album #24 on their Top 50 albums of 2008. \"Blender\" rated it the second-best recording/album of 2008, and National Public Radio listeners rated it the 16th best album of the year. Gillis' hometown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, named December 7, 2010 \"Gregg Gillis Day\". In 2007, Girl Talk appeared in \"Good Copy Bad Copy\", a documentary about the current state of copyright and culture. In 2008, he appeared as a test case for fair use in Brett Gaylor's \"\", a call to overhaul copyright laws.", "After an initial rejection of the program by her school's headmaster, Kilpatrick revised her proposal and was eventually successful in being able to use her school as place to hold the inaugural weekly Girl Talk meetings. Kilpatrick felt that, \"if young girls were taken care of emotionally that they would excel academically.\". As Girl Talk continued to grow, Kilpatrick knew that she would need help in funding her new business. So, she approached Brown Bag Marketing Inc. of Atlanta, Georgia and hoped they could help her take Girl Talk to the next level. \"I basically told them that I knew that I was on the brink of something huge,\" Kilpatrick said. \"I was young, but I convinced them that if they believed in me, I would put them on the map.\" Brown Bag Marketing Inc. joined the Girl Talk team and donated thousands of dollars to build their website. Recently, Girl Talk has secured a $100,000 grant from Bell Capitol management, an Atlanta area investment advisor. Kilpatrick said the new funds will be used for starter kits for existing Girl Talk chapters, which include journals, T-shirts and a copy of the \"Girl Talk Handbook.\" Since the founding of Girl Talk in the fall of 2002, it has become one of the fastest growing nonprofit mentoring programs in the United States. Haley Kilpatrick is a native of Albany, Georgia who currently resides in Atlanta, Georgia and is the President and Executive Director for Girl Talk Inc. In 2007, Kilpatrick graduated from Kennesaw State University with a Bachelor of Science degree in Communications. She has traveled all across the country, promoting Girl Talk in dozens of national and local media outlets, including appearances on the Today Show, NBC Nightly News, CNN, HLN, The Montel Williams Show and The Oprah Winfrey Show.", "In 2009, he attributed the name to Tad, the early 1990s SubPop band, based in Seattle. Gillis has said the name sounded like a Disney music teen girl group. In a 2009 interview with \"FMLY\", Gillis stated: The name Girl Talk is a reference to many things, products, magazines, books. It's a pop culture phrase. The whole point of choosing the name early on was basically to just stir things up a little within the small scene I was operating from. I came from a more experimental background and there were some very overly serious, borderline academic type electronic musicians. I wanted to pick a name that they would be embarrassed to play with. You know Girl Talk sounded exactly the opposite of a man playing a laptop, so that's what I chose. Gillis is featured heavily in the 2008 open source documentary \"\". For possible future projects, Gillis is considering creating an original song rather than full-length albums featuring songs by other musicians tied together. Girl Talk released his fifth LP \"All Day\" on November 15, 2010 \u2013 free through the Illegal Art website. A U.S. tour in support of \"All Day\" began in Gillis's hometown of Pittsburgh with two sold-out shows at the then-recently completed Stage AE concert hall. Since Gillis releases his music under Creative Commons licenses, fans may legally use it in derivative works. Many create mashup video collages using the samples' original music videos. Filmmaker Jacob Krupnick chose Gillis's full-length album \"All Day\" as the soundtrack for \"Girl Walk//All Day\", an extended music video set in New York City. In 2012, Illegal Art started to be on an indefinite hiatus, so Girl Talk was not able to release any more of his works through them."], "answer": {"text": "In September 2004", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who had a solo career in A-Teens?", "answer": {"text": "Dhani Lennevald released \"Girl Talk\", his first single as a solo artist, in Sweden.", "answer_start": 18, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anybody else have a solo career?", "answer": {"text": "In 2005, Marie Serneholt signed with SonyBMG and in early 2006, she released her first single as a solo artist titled \"That's The Way My Heart Goes\".", "answer_start": 297, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anybody else have a solo career?", "answer": {"text": "Amit Paul has released his first Solo album \"Songs In A Key Of Mine\" which features 12 songs in April 2008,", "answer_start": 1312, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anybody else have a solo career?", "answer": {"text": "Sara Lumholdt released a cover of Olivia Newton-John's song \"Physical\" for a compilation album.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_912832bc46a5451381275ef4f5c70a33_0_q#6", "question": "How well did Girl Talk do?", "rewrite": "How well did Girl Talk do?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Girl Talk (magazine) Girl Talk is a magazine in Britain. Immediate Media Company publishes the magazine, which is nationally distributed. The target audience are girls from the ages of 7 to 12. \"Girl Talk\" was started in 1995. According to the U.K. magazine distribution website: \"Girl Talk\" is placed under the children\u2019s category and is dubbed as a magazine that has \u201c\u2026got all the latest gossip about your favorite celebrities, fascinating features on the things that are important to you and brilliant posters for your wall.\u201d It also states that \"Girl Talk\" distributes twenty six issues per year. The magazine is the U.K.`s oldest publication for females in the 7-12 age group and is edited by \"Bea Appleby\". Appleby has recently suggested that she would like the magazine to make a positive difference in the lives of females, while still being appealing to young girls' attraction to gendered interests such as celebrity culture and beauty. In order to endorse female strength and intelligence, the magazine promotes its five messages in every issue which are as follows: \u2022 I will love myself the way I am \u2022 By working hard I know I can achieve great things \u2022 I will accept others for who they are \u2022 I will have confidence to stand up for my friends and other girls \u2022 I believe girls are equal to boys. Bea recently explained to \"The Telegraph\" that she is attempting to respond to overtly sexualized pop culture that has influenced young girls to view their sexuality and appearance as important parts of their identity. The fact that their readers had voted in a recent questionnaire that it is more important for them to feel `\"pretty\"` as opposed to anything else including options such as `brave` or `clever` sparked Bea`s interest in incorporating new material along with what they already promote.", "The Speed Star\" was released as a CD single and a DVD single on October 14, 2004. The CD included two instrumental versions of the tracks and the DVD only featured \"The Speed Star\" music video. Musically, \"Girl Talk\" is a pop and dance song, while \"The Speed Star\" is an R&B song. CDJournal.com noticed that the singles from the \"Queen of Hip-Hop\" album were a musical transition from pop music to mainstream hip-hop and R&B music, a sound that later carried on her albums \"Play\" (2007) and \"Past Future\" (2009). Both \"Girl Talk\" and \"The Speed Star\" received favorable reviews from most music critics. The AMG Staff at Allmusic had selected \"Girl Talk\" as an album stand out track and a career milestone highlight. CDJournal.com had reviewed each song individually. For \"Girl Talk\", the website commended the \"fashionable\" and slick production alongside its \"delicate\" melody, while they labelled \"The Speed Star\" as \"cool\" an praised its \"sharp\" production and R&B transition. An editorial review from HMV commended the sound of the tracks and the album overall and recommended the singles as the album stand out tracks. Charted together as a single, \"Girl Talk/The Speed Star\" debuted at the top position on the Japanese Oricon Daily Chart and two on the Japanese Oricon Singles Chart, making it her first top three appearance in two years. \" Girl Talk/ The Speed Star\" sold over 107,000 units in Japan was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) for shipments of 100,000 units, and \"Girl Talk\" was certified gold alone for 100,000 digital sales. The single is currently Amuro's twenty-ninth best selling single in Japan, according to Oricon.", "Girl Talk/ The Speed Star \"Girl Talk/ The Speed Star\" is a double a-side by Japanese recording artist Namie Amuro from her seventh studio album \"Queen of Hip-Pop\" (2005). The a-side, which consists of the tracks \"Girl Talk\" and \"The Speed Star\", was released as the album's third single on October 14, 2004. \" Girl Talk\" was written and produced by T.Kura and Michico while \"The Speed Star\" was written and produced by Akira and Monk. The songs are R&B-dance tracks, which features instrumentation from synthesizers, violins, keyboards and bass guitars. Both \"Girl Talk\" and \"The Speed Star\" were used as the commercial songs for cosmetic company Lucido-L. The songs received positive reviews from music critics, who commended the songs' composition and production. Charting together as a single, \"Girl Talk/The Speed Star\" reached number two on the Japanese Oricon Singles Chart and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ). The songs both received a music video, with \"Girl Talk\" featuring Amuro inside a mansion with her lover and \"The Speed Star\" showing Amuro dancing in front of a large-scaled motor. \"Girl Talk\" was written and produced by T.Kura and Michico while \"The Speed Star\" was written and produced by Akira and Monk. With the announcement of a new studio album in May 2005, Amuro's label Avex Trax confirmed that all the pre-released singles would be included in the album apart from \"The Speed Star\" for unknown reasons. Both \"Girl Talk\" and \"The Speed Star\" were used as the commercial songs for cosmetic company Lucido-L, which Amuro had been spokesperson since 2003. \" Girl Talk/", "Girl Talk Inc. Girl Talk Inc. is an international student-to-student mentoring program designed for high school girls to mentor and be positive role models for middle school girls. Haley Kilpatrick founded the mentoring program as a high school student in Albany, Georgia during the fall of 2002, and the program currently has more than 375 chapters in 48 states across the United States as well as in the Virgin Islands and Zambia. The mentoring program has reached more than 30,000 middle school girls. Girl Talk Inc. is a non-profit organization with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. Girl Talk is designed to build self-esteem and encourage individuality in middle school girls. In the weekly chapter meetings, the high school Girl Talk leader picks topics to discuss for lessons that are designed to build girls' character and intelligence. Girl Talk sessions are guided by the T.H.I.N.K. acronym, which stands for True, Honest, Important, Necessary, and Kind, and refers to how people should converse. Girl Talk chapters are formed by female high school students, mothers, teachers or counselors, who visit the program's website and fill in a form requesting the creation of a new chapter. The Girl Talk Chapter Coordinator Erin Patterson then contacts those parties. Haley Kilpatrick founded Girl Talk at Deerfield-Windsor School in Albany, GA, in the fall of 2002 because of her own middle school experiences. Kilpatrick had a hard time adjusting in middle school and often felt left out. While in high school Kilpatrick led a very active and social life, but she noticed that almost all her friends encountered similar experiences throughout middle school. Thus, Kilpatrick decided she wanted to make a difference and create a student-to-student mentoring group to help ameliorate the middle-school experience for girls.", "After an initial rejection of the program by her school's headmaster, Kilpatrick revised her proposal and was eventually successful in being able to use her school as place to hold the inaugural weekly Girl Talk meetings. Kilpatrick felt that, \"if young girls were taken care of emotionally that they would excel academically.\". As Girl Talk continued to grow, Kilpatrick knew that she would need help in funding her new business. So, she approached Brown Bag Marketing Inc. of Atlanta, Georgia and hoped they could help her take Girl Talk to the next level. \"I basically told them that I knew that I was on the brink of something huge,\" Kilpatrick said. \"I was young, but I convinced them that if they believed in me, I would put them on the map.\" Brown Bag Marketing Inc. joined the Girl Talk team and donated thousands of dollars to build their website. Recently, Girl Talk has secured a $100,000 grant from Bell Capitol management, an Atlanta area investment advisor. Kilpatrick said the new funds will be used for starter kits for existing Girl Talk chapters, which include journals, T-shirts and a copy of the \"Girl Talk Handbook.\" Since the founding of Girl Talk in the fall of 2002, it has become one of the fastest growing nonprofit mentoring programs in the United States. Haley Kilpatrick is a native of Albany, Georgia who currently resides in Atlanta, Georgia and is the President and Executive Director for Girl Talk Inc. In 2007, Kilpatrick graduated from Kennesaw State University with a Bachelor of Science degree in Communications. She has traveled all across the country, promoting Girl Talk in dozens of national and local media outlets, including appearances on the Today Show, NBC Nightly News, CNN, HLN, The Montel Williams Show and The Oprah Winfrey Show."], "answer": {"text": "There it peaked at number twenty-nine, ensuring Gold status after nine weeks on the charts.", "answer_start": 102}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who had a solo career in A-Teens?", "answer": {"text": "Dhani Lennevald released \"Girl Talk\", his first single as a solo artist, in Sweden.", "answer_start": 18, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anybody else have a solo career?", "answer": {"text": "In 2005, Marie Serneholt signed with SonyBMG and in early 2006, she released her first single as a solo artist titled \"That's The Way My Heart Goes\".", "answer_start": 297, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anybody else have a solo career?", "answer": {"text": "Amit Paul has released his first Solo album \"Songs In A Key Of Mine\" which features 12 songs in April 2008,", "answer_start": 1312, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anybody else have a solo career?", "answer": {"text": "Sara Lumholdt released a cover of Olivia Newton-John's song \"Physical\" for a compilation album.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What year was Girl Talk released?", "answer": {"text": "In September 2004", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was Physical released?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_912832bc46a5451381275ef4f5c70a33_0_q#7", "question": "How well did thats the way my heart goes do?", "rewrite": "How well did Marie Serneholt song \"That's The Way My Heart Goes\" do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Marie Serneholt Marie Eleonor Serneholt (; born 11 July 1983) is a Swedish singer and model. She was a member of the Swedish pop band A*Teens from 1998 to 2004, and went on to pursue a solo career after the band dissolved. She announced her pregnancy on her Instagram in 2018. She gave birth to twin boys later that year. In 1998, Serneholt signed a recording deal with Stockholm Records (part of Universal Music Group) along with her bandmates Sara Lumholdt, Dhani Lennevald, and Amit Sebastian Paul. Together they performed as the A*Teens. In 1999, they released their first single, a cover of Swedish pop group ABBA's \"Mamma Mia\". The single topped the charts in Sweden for eight consecutive weeks, and achieved international success. By 2000, the A*Teens' first album, \"The ABBA Generation\", had sold two million copies, and they became one of the most internationally successful Swedish pop bands. By 2001, the group had sold more than six million albums. In 2004, it released a \"Greatest Hits\" album, and in 2006 the group broke up. With the A*Teens split, it was rumored that Serneholt would be the first to pursue a solo career. This proved to be unfounded when Lennevald released his debut single in September 2004. In 2005, Serneholt was picked as the face of the Maybelline cosmetics line in Scandinavia. She also gave her voice for the Swedish versions of the movies \"Robots\" and \"\". In 2005, Serneholt called J\u00f6rgen Elofsson, who had written music for Britney Spears and C\u00e9line Dion. Elofsson was busy with other artists at the time, but Serneholt was adamant to have him produce an album for her.", "That's the Way My Heart Goes \"That's The Way My Heart Goes\" is the debut single by Swedish pop music singer Marie Serneholt, released from her debut album \" Enjoy the Ride\" on February 22, 2006. The single debuted at #2 on the Swedish charts and reached #1 on the Digital Sales; the song was backed with a strong promotional campaign in her home country where the physical single ensured Gold Status selling over 10,000 copies and also was certified Gold for digital sales over 10,000. The single spent over four months inside the Swedish Top 60 and after six weeks out of the chart the single re-entered at #60 in August 2006; in Germany the single debuted at #34, falling out the top 40 in the next consecutive weeks, but re-entering at #30; since then, the single has spent two months inside the Top 30, peaking at #19. The single has been released throughout Europe; a South and North American release was expected for late 2006, but it seems that the plans were scrapped and nothing has been announced about a release date for other markets. Marie recently received the Guldmobilen Award from the Swedish mobile phone company 3 for over 10,000 ringtones sold from their website. The video was filmed in Stockholm, Sweden in early 2006 and premiered in late February in Sweden. Lacking from a real concept, the video shows Marie in different sets with different costumes. The music video had two different versions, the first one, the \"Swedish Version\", showed in Sweden and Finland , this was the original version of the video, but due to the reaction of some fans towards the video alleging", "Enjoy the Ride (Marie Serneholt album) Enjoy The Ride is the debut studio album from Swedish pop music singer Marie Serneholt, led by the first single and #2 hit \"That's The Way My Heart Goes\" the album was released on March 29, 2006, debuting at #9 in Sweden, but falling quickly on the charts. Second single, \"I Need A House\" did nothing for the album's success despite peaking at #40 on the Swedish Singles Chart and #2 on the Swedish Download Chart. Third single, \"Oxygen\" was premiered on radio in mid-October and the video was premiered on October 26. The single has been released as a digital download in Sweden but no official release date has been announced for a release on CD. Serneholt was said to be preparing for the international release of the album in Germany, Switzerland and other European countries, however plans for worldwide distribution never came to fruition, aside from the album being released in Taiwan as a limited edition. Serneholt knew that she wanted to embark on a solo career after A*Teens' parted ways, but wanted to absorb all the impressions of the past years first. She needed the right people to work with as well as the right material. Serneholt first contacted J\u00f6rgen Elofsson several years ago. At that point, however, Elofsson\u2019s schedule was full, and Marie wasn\u2019t yet sure in what direction to take her career. And in 2005 she felt she had a vision and called him again. This time, all the pieces fell into place. Elofsson had just started collaborating with two relatively young and unknown producers, Richard Brand\u00e9n and P\u00e4r Westerlund. Serneholt decided she wanted to make a Pop album", "Oxygen (Marie Serneholt song) \"Oxygen\" is the third single by the Swedish pop music singer Marie Serneholt, released from her first album \" Enjoy the Ride\" in 2006. After so much speculation about Marie's third single, promotional copies of the song were sent to Swedish radios in the second week of October. The video was premiered on 26 October on Swedish Music Channels. The song had already been released for digital download on 9 October. No physical release was made for this single. The song peaked at number seventy-six, failing to chart inside the Top 60. The video was filmed in Stockholm, Sweden, on 22 September and it was premiered on 26 October. Serneholt posted on her official blog: \" \"Yay!! My new video is done and i'm so happy and proud over it! Can't wait for you to see it! I'm so excited! I wrote this in the Swedish forum, but i just want to thank all of you who's supporting me and my music, this Monday i received my first prize here in Sweden:-) it is called Guldmobilen, and you get that prize when your song's been downloaded more than 10000 times from 3s portal. So THANK YOU!!!:-) A big hug to all of you! //Your Marie\"\" As the video starts, Serneholt appears to be naked, singing the song on her bed. She puts her dress on, goes out of her house and starts to fly. The video also shows Serneholt walking on the road and flying above the sea and singing on the beach. The video was filmed on location and uses special effects. Digital download", "In September 2004 Dhani Lennevald released \"Girl Talk\", his first single as a solo artist, in Sweden. There it peaked at number twenty-nine, ensuring Gold status after nine weeks on the charts. Dhani and Universal Music parted ways in 2005, now he's preparing the release of his first solo album. In 2005, Marie Serneholt signed with SonyBMG and in early 2006, she released her first single as a solo artist titled \"That's The Way My Heart Goes\". It reached number two in Sweden in February, and was later released in Europe and certified Gold. This was followed by the album Enjoy the Ride which peaked at number nine in her homeland. According to her personal MySpace page she is recording her second album. She participated in Melodifestivalen 2009 with the track 'Disconnect Me'. In 2011 she was the host for Melodifestivalen in Sweden. She also participated in Melodifestivalen 2012 with the single 'Salt and Pepper.' Serneholt was a judge on X Factor in Sweden where she was the mentor for the groups. Serneholt has also been working as a model and TV-host. Currently working as a TV-host for shows like Bingolotto and other game shows. Marie is counted to be the most successful member of the A-Teens. Amit Sebastian Paul made his debut as well. \"Songs In a Key of Mine\" is a mini-album with eight demos. Amit Paul has released his first Solo album \"Songs In A Key Of Mine\" which features 12 songs in April 2008, with the first single \"Judge You\" was released soon after. Amit Paul has also a future career in business, and finished his Masters at the prestigious Stockholm School of Economics, where he did an internship at the management consultancy Bain & Company."], "answer": {"text": "It reached number two in Sweden in February, and was later released in Europe and certified Gold.", "answer_start": 447}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Who had a solo career in A-Teens?", "answer": {"text": "Dhani Lennevald released \"Girl Talk\", his first single as a solo artist, in Sweden.", "answer_start": 18, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anybody else have a solo career?", "answer": {"text": "In 2005, Marie Serneholt signed with SonyBMG and in early 2006, she released her first single as a solo artist titled \"That's The Way My Heart Goes\".", "answer_start": 297, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anybody else have a solo career?", "answer": {"text": "Amit Paul has released his first Solo album \"Songs In A Key Of Mine\" which features 12 songs in April 2008,", "answer_start": 1312, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anybody else have a solo career?", "answer": {"text": "Sara Lumholdt released a cover of Olivia Newton-John's song \"Physical\" for a compilation album.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What year was Girl Talk released?", "answer": {"text": "In September 2004", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was Physical released?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well did Girl Talk do?", "answer": {"text": "There it peaked at number twenty-nine, ensuring Gold status after nine weeks on the charts.", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f333f444bf2348abb21d44b39c68ca2d_0_q#0", "question": "What is the major religion of Ukrainians?", "rewrite": "What is the major religion of Ukrainians?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Causes of this trend involve high fertility rates as a factor, with Muslims having a rate of 3.1 compared to the world average of 2.5, and the minimum replacement level for a population at 2.1. Another factor is also due to fact that Islam has the highest number of adherents under the age of 15 (34% of the total religion) of any major religion, compared with Christianity's 27%. 60% of Muslims are between the ages of 16 and 59, while only 7% are aged 60+ (the smallest percentage of any major religion). Countries such as Nigeria and North Macedonia are expected to have Muslim majorities by 2050. In India, the Muslim population will be larger than any other country. Europe's non-Muslim population is set to decline as opposed to their Muslim population which is set to grow to 10% of Europe's total. Growth rates of Islam in Europe was due primarily to immigration and higher birth rates of Muslims in 2005. The term \"Islamic culture\" could be used to mean aspects of culture that pertain to the religion, such as festivals and dress code. It is also controversially used to denote the cultural aspects of traditionally Muslim people. Finally, \"Islamic civilization\" may also refer to the aspects of the synthesized culture of the early Caliphates, including that of non-Muslims, sometimes referred to as \"Islamicate\". Perhaps the most important expression of Islamic architecture is that of the mosque. Varying cultures have an effect on mosque architecture. For example, North African and Spanish Islamic architecture such as the Great Mosque of Kairouan contain marble and porphyry columns from Roman and Byzantine buildings, while mosques in Indonesia often have multi-tiered roofs from local Javanese styles. Islamic art encompasses the visual arts produced from the 7th century onwards by people (not necessarily Muslim) who lived within the territory that was inhabited by Muslim populations.", "During Soviet rule, eastern Galicia experienced a large influx of Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi terror on the other side of the new German-Soviet border; hundreds of thousands of Jews arrived in the territories newly annexed by the USSR. The civilian administration in those regions annexed from Poland was drawn mostly from the occupation force of eastern Ukrainians and Russians; only 20% of government employees were from the local population. It was falsely assumed by many Ukrainians that a disproportionate number of people working for the Soviet administration which was repressing western Ukrainians came from within the Galician Jewish community. The reason for this belief was that most of the previous Polish administrators were deported, and the local Ukrainian intelligentsia who could have taken their place were generally deemed to be too nationalistic for such work by the Soviets. In reality, although Ukrainians and Jews replaced the Polish administrators, most positions were staffed by ethnic Ukrainians from the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, in the eyes of many Ukrainians the Jews came to be associated with Soviet rule, which contributed to rising anti-Jewish sentiments. In addition, Jews were often blamed by Ukrainians for allegedly denouncing Ukrainians to the Soviet authorities, resulting in the Ukrainians' arrest and deportation. This idea also served to markedly increase antisemitic feelings among Ukrainians. The rising tide in Galicia of anti-Jewish sentiment among Ukrainians during Soviet rule was accompanied by the complete removal from Ukrainian society of moderate or liberal forces within that society when the Soviet authorities abolished all local Ukrainian political parties and arrested and deported most of the moderate politicians it could find \u2013 such as Dr. Dmytro Levitsky, the head of the moderate, left-leaning Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance, and chief of the Ukrainian delegation in the pre-war Polish parliament. Ultimately 20,000 to 30,000 Ukrainian activists would flee Galicia to German-occupied territory.", "Religion in Mauritius Mauritius is a religiously diverse nation, with Hinduism being the most widely professed faith. The people of Indian descent (Indo-Mauritian) follow mostly Hinduism. The Franco-Mauritians, Creoles and Sino-Mauritians follow Christianity. A minority of Sino-Mauritians also follow Buddhism and other Chinese-related religions. According to the 2017 date, Hinduism is the major religion 51.9%, followed by Roman Catholicism 25.1%, Other Christian 5.3%, followed by Islam 15.3%, None 0.7%, Other 0.6, Unspecified 0.1% The constitution prohibits discrimination on religious grounds and provides for freedom to practice or change one's religion. The government provides money to the Roman Catholic Church, Church of England, Presbyterian Church of Mauritius, Seventh-day Adventists, Hindus, and Muslims according to their numbers in the census in addition to tax-exempt status. Other religious groups can register and be tax-exempt but receive no subsidy. Religious public holidays are the Hindu festivals of Maha Shivaratree, Ougadi, Thaipoosam Cavadee, Ganesh Chaturthi, and Diwali; the Christian festivals of Assumption and Christmas; and the Muslim festival of Eid al-Fitr. Hinduism originally came to Mauritius mainly through Indians who worked as indentured labourers on the island following the abolition of slavery. Today, Hinduism is a major religion in Mauritius, representing 51.9% of the total population of the country as of 2017 This makes Mauritius the country having the highest percentage of Hindus in Africa and third highest percentage of Hindus in the world after Nepal and India, respectively. One of the biggest festivals on the island is Mahasivaratri, or the 'Great Night of Siva'.", "The most populous Muslim-majority country is Indonesia, home to 12.7% of the world's Muslims, followed by Pakistan (11.0%), Bangladesh (9.2%), and Egypt (4.9%). About 20% of the world's Muslims live in the Middle East and North Africa. Sizable minorities are also found in India, China, Russia, Ethiopia, the Americas, Australia and parts of Europe. The country with the highest proportion of self-described Muslims as a proportion of its total population is Morocco. Converts and immigrant communities are found in almost every part of the world. Over 75\u201390% of Muslims are Sunni. The second and third largest sects, Shia and Ahmadiyya, make up 10\u201320%, and 1% respectively. With about 1.9 billion followers (2019), almost a quarter of earth's population, Islam is the second-largest and the fastest-growing religion in the world. due primarily to the young age and high fertility rate of Muslims, with Muslim having a rate of (3.1) compared to the world average of (2.5). According to the same study, religious switching has no impact on Muslim population, since the number of people who embrace Islam and those who leave Islam are roughly equal. A Pew Center study in 2016 found that Muslims have the highest number of adherents under the age of 15 (or 34% of the total Muslim population) of any major religion, while only 7% are aged 60+ (the smallest percentage of any major religion). According to the same study, Muslims have the highest fertility rates (3.1) of any major religious group.", "Ukrainians of Romania The Ukrainians (, ) are the third-largest ethnic minority in Romania. According to the 2011 Romanian census they number 51,703 people, making up 0.3% of the total population. Ukrainians claim that the number is actually 250,000-300,000. Ukrainians mainly live in northern Romania, in areas close to the Ukrainian border. Over 60% of all Romanian Ukrainians live in Maramure\u015f County (31,234), where they make up 6.77% of the population. Sizable populations of Ukrainians are also found in Suceava County (5698 people), Timi\u015f County (5953), Cara\u015f-Severin County (2600), Satu Mare County (1397), Tulcea County (1317) and Arad County (1295). Ukrainians make up a majority in seven communes of Maramure\u015f County (Bistra, Bocicoiu Mare, Poienile de sub Munte, Reme\u021bi, Repedea, Rona de Sus and Ruscova) and three in Suceava County (B\u0103lc\u0103u\u0163i, Izvoarele Sucevei and Ulma), as well as in \u015etiuca, Timi\u015f and Cop\u0103cele, Cara\u015f-Severin. According to the 2002 census, 79% of Ukrainians were Eastern Orthodox, organized into the Ukrainian Orthodox Vicariate Sighetu Marma\u021biei; 10% Pentecostal; 2.8% Greek-Catholic, organized into the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Vicariate R\u0103d\u0103u\u0163i; 2.1% Seventh-day Adventist; 1.2% Lipovan Orthodox and 2.9% stated they belonged to \"another religion\". A second group of Ukrainians in Romania live in the Dobruja region of the Danube Delta."], "answer": {"text": "Ukrainians are predominantly Orthodox Christians.", "answer_start": 752}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f333f444bf2348abb21d44b39c68ca2d_0_q#1", "question": "Do they practice other religions as well?", "rewrite": "Do Ukrainians practice other religions aside from Orthodox Christianity?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Religion in Russia Religion in Russia is diverse with Christianity, especially Eastern Orthodox Christianity, being the most widely professed faith, but with significant minorities of irreligious people, Muslims, Pagans and Jews. A 1997 law on religion recognises the right to freedom of conscience and creed to all the citizenry, the spiritual contribution of Orthodox Christianity to the history of Russia, and respect to \"Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Judaism and other religions and creeds which constitute an inseparable part of the historical heritage of Russia's peoples\", including ethnic religions or Paganism, either preserved or revived. According to the law, any religious organisation may be recognised as \"traditional\" if it was already in existence before 1982, and each newly founded religious group has to provide its credentials and re-register yearly for fifteen years, and, in the meantime until eventual recognition, stay without rights. The Russian Orthodox Church, though its influence is thin in some parts of Siberia and southern Russia, where there has been a \"remarkable revival of pre-Christian religion\", acts as the \"de facto\" if not \"de jure\" privileged religion of the state, claiming the right to decide which other religions or denominations are to be granted the right of registration. Some Protestant churches which were already in existence before the Russian Revolution have been unable to re-register, and the Catholic Church has been forbidden to develop its own territorial jurisdictions. According to some Western observers, respect for freedom of religion by Russian authorities has declined since the late 1990s and early 2000s. Activities of the Jehovah's Witnesses are currently banned in Russia. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 there has been a revival and spread of Siberian shamanism (often mixed with Orthodox elements), and the emergence of Hindu and new religious movements throughout Russia.", "About 67.3% of the population declared adherence to one or another strand of Orthodox Christianity (28.7% of the Kiev Patriarchate, 23.4% just Orthodox, 12.8% of the Moscow Patriarchate, 0.3% Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, and 1.9% other types of Orthodoxy), 7.7% just Christians, 9.4% Greek Rite Catholics, 2.2% Protestants and 0.8% Latin Rite Catholics. Judaism was the religion of the 0.4%; while Buddhism, Paganism and Hinduism were each the religions of 0.1% of the population. A further 11.0% declared themselves non-religious or unaffiliated. Among those Ukrainians who declared to believe in Orthodoxy, 42.6% declared to be members of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kievan Patriarchate, while 19.0% declared to be members of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscovian Patriarchate. A further 0.5% were members of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church. Among the remaining Orthodox Ukrainians, 34.7% declared to be \"just Orthodox\", without affiliation to any patriarchate, while a further 2.8% declared that they \"did not know\" which patriarchate or Orthodox church they belonged to. It is important to note that the Orthodox Church of the Kyevan Patriarchate is considered schismatic and doctrinally errant and ethnophyletic by the Orthodox Church of the Moscovian Patriarchate (officially called the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, which is the Ukrainian branch of the Russian Orthodox Church) and is not recognised as part of the broader Eastern Orthodox Church. A February 2015 survey by Razumkov Centre, SOCIS, Rating and KIIS gave the following data at oblast level:", "Religion in Vojvodina The dominant religion in Vojvodina is Orthodox Christianity, mainly represented by the Serbian Orthodox Church, while other important religions of the region are Catholic Christianity, Protestant Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. The absolute majority of the population of Vojvodina (77.2%) are adherents of Orthodox Christianity. Most of the adherents belong to the Serbian Orthodox Church, and smaller number of them to the Romanian Orthodox Church. The ethnic groups whose members are mostly adherents of Orthodox Christianity are: Serbs, Montenegrins, Romanians, Yugoslavs, Romani, Macedonians, Ukrainians, Russians, Greeks, Vlachs, etc. The Fru\u0161ka Gora, a mountain in Vojvodina, is considered by some as one of the three Holy Mountains of the Orthodox Christianity (The other two being Athos and Sinai). There are as many as sixteen Orthodox monasteries located on the Fru\u0161ka Gora. During the Ottoman rule in the 16th and 17th centuries, the number of Orthodox monasteries on the Fru\u0161ka Gora was as high as 35. There are also two Orthodox monasteries in the part of Syrmia that belong to Belgrade (but which historically belonged to Vojvodina), three Orthodox monasteries in the Ba\u010dka, and seven in the Banat. The roots of Christianity in this region date back to the 3rd century when the Episcopate of Syrmia was established. This Episcopate existed until 1183, when the region of Syrmia was included in the Catholic Kingdom of Hungary. The 11th century Bulgaro-Slavic rulers of the territory of the present-day Vojvodina region, Ahtum and Sermon, were Orthodox Christians. The Orthodox population which lived in the region was an impediment to the establishment of Catholic Church organization in the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary.", "Religion in Bulgaria Religion in Bulgaria has been dominated by Christianity since its adoption as the state religion in 865. The dominant form of the religion is Eastern Orthodox Christianity within the fold of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. During the Ottoman rule of the Balkans, Sunni Islam spread in the territories of Bulgaria, and it remains a significant minority today. The Catholic Church has roots in the country since the Middle Ages, and Protestantism arrived in the 19th century. In the latest years, there has been a decline of both the historic religions of Bulgaria\u2014Orthodox Christianity and Islam\u2014, which shrank respectively from 86% in 1992 to 84% in 2001 to 61% in 2011 and from 13% in 1992 to 12% in 2001 to 8% in 2011. In the 2011 census, the question about the religious affiliation became optional, and thus 21.8% of the total population didn't answer. Until the census of 1992, Bulgarians were obliged to declare the historic religious belonging of their parents and/or ancestors, while since 2001 people were allowed to declare personal belief in a religion or unbelief in any religion (irreligion and atheism). After the end of the People's Republic of Bulgaria (1946\u20131990), the revival of Islam was stronger than Orthodox Christianity. With the international rise of Islamic terrorism in the 2000s, however, there was a growing disaffection for the Islamic religion among Bulgarians. The Bulgarian Orthodox Church has seen the most serious decline from 2001 onwards. The church's credibility has been undermined since the 1990s by its collaboration with the erstwhile Communist regime, fully revealed with the opening of the state's secret archives in 2012, according to which eighty percent of the clergy were members of the secret police. The Constitution of Bulgaria designates Orthodox Christianity as the \"traditional\" religion of the country, but guarantees the free exercise of any religion.", "Eastern Orthodoxy in Guatemala Eastern Orthodoxy in Guatemala refers to adherents, communities and organizations of Eastern Orthodox Christianity in Guatemala. Many of the Eastern Orthodox Christians in Guatemala are ethnic Mayans. Although the dominant religion in Guatemala is historically Roman Catholicism, in recent decades other Christian denominations have gained adherents there. Eastern Orthodox Christianity in particular has been growing rapidly, as a number of schismatic Catholic groups have expressed their desire to become Eastern Orthodox and have been received under the jurisdiction of Eastern Orthodox hierarchs. Currently, there are two distinct Eastern Orthodox communities in Guatemala, the Antiochian and the Constantinopolitan. Eastern Orthodox Christianity arrived in Guatemala at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century with immigrants from Eastern Europe and the Middle East. In the 1980s two Catholic women, Mother In\u00e9s and Mother Mar\u00eda, converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity and established a monastery dedicated to the Holy Trinity. In 1992 they were received into the Antiochian Patriarchate and in 1995 the Catholic Apostolic Orthodox Antiochian Church in Guatemala was formally established. The state orphanage of Hogar Rafael Ayau, established in 1857, was privatized and transferred to their care in 1996. The Antiochian Eastern Orthodox Church in Guatemala is part of the Antiochian Patriarchate's Archdiocese of Mexico, Venezuela, Central America and the Caribbean. Its first temple was dedicated in 1997. On 5 November 2017, the Monastery of the Holy Trinity, referenced above, and the associated orphanage, Hogar Rafael Ayau, were canonically transferred from the Orthodox Church of Antioch to the Serbian Orthodox Church, His Eminence Amfilohije, Metropolitan of Montenegro and the Littoral and the Administrator of South-Central America himself coming to Amatitl\u00e1n to greet Mother In\u00e9s. A different, mostly indigenous Mayan, group was accepted into the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in 2010."], "answer": {"text": "There are also ethnic minorities that practice other religions, i.e. Crimean Tatars (Islam), and Jews and Karaim (Judaism).", "answer_start": 1548}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the major religion of Ukrainians?", "answer": {"text": "Ukrainians are predominantly Orthodox Christians.", "answer_start": 752, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f333f444bf2348abb21d44b39c68ca2d_0_q#4", "question": "What is the history of their religion?", "rewrite": "What is the history of Ukrainians' religion?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Of the countries where the Ukrainian diaspora had settled, only in Canada and the Soviet Union were information about ethnic background collected. However, the data from the Soviet Union is suspect and underestimates the number of Ukrainians. In 1970, the Ukrainian diaspora can be given as follows: For the Soviet Union, it can be assumed that about 10-12 million people of Ukrainian (7-9 million in Asia) heritage live outside the Ukrainian SSR. After the independence of Ukraine, many Ukrainians have emigrated to Portugal, Spain, the Czech Republic, Russia, and Italy due to the uncertain economic and political situation at home. Many Ukrainians live in Russia either along the Ukrainian border or in Siberia. In the 1990s, the number of Ukrainians living in the Russian Federation was calculated to be around 5 million. These regions, where Ukrainians live, can be subdivided into 2 categories: Regions along the mixed Ukrainian-Russian border territory and The Far East territory: Ukrainians can also be found in parts of Romania and Slovakia that border Ukraine. The size of the Ukrainian diaspora has changed over time due to the following factors: In 2004, the Ukrainian diaspora was distributed as follows: Ukrainian diaspora Ukrainian diaspora distribution around the world List of urban areas by Ukrainians In 2016, there were an estimated 1,359,655 persons of full or partial Ukrainian origin residing in Canada (the majority being Canadian-born citizens), making them Canada's eleventh largest ethnic group and giving Canada the world's third-largest Ukrainian population behind Ukraine itself and Russia. According to a 2006 government estimate, there were 976,314 Americans of Ukrainian ancestry. Ukrainians constitute the second-largest foreign community residing in Portugal, with 44,074 residents in 2012. In Serbia, there are 4,903 (0,08%) ethnic Ukrainians with Serbian citizenship according to the 2011 census.", "Ukrainians of Romania The Ukrainians (, ) are the third-largest ethnic minority in Romania. According to the 2011 Romanian census they number 51,703 people, making up 0.3% of the total population. Ukrainians claim that the number is actually 250,000-300,000. Ukrainians mainly live in northern Romania, in areas close to the Ukrainian border. Over 60% of all Romanian Ukrainians live in Maramure\u015f County (31,234), where they make up 6.77% of the population. Sizable populations of Ukrainians are also found in Suceava County (5698 people), Timi\u015f County (5953), Cara\u015f-Severin County (2600), Satu Mare County (1397), Tulcea County (1317) and Arad County (1295). Ukrainians make up a majority in seven communes of Maramure\u015f County (Bistra, Bocicoiu Mare, Poienile de sub Munte, Reme\u021bi, Repedea, Rona de Sus and Ruscova) and three in Suceava County (B\u0103lc\u0103u\u0163i, Izvoarele Sucevei and Ulma), as well as in \u015etiuca, Timi\u015f and Cop\u0103cele, Cara\u015f-Severin. According to the 2002 census, 79% of Ukrainians were Eastern Orthodox, organized into the Ukrainian Orthodox Vicariate Sighetu Marma\u021biei; 10% Pentecostal; 2.8% Greek-Catholic, organized into the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Vicariate R\u0103d\u0103u\u0163i; 2.1% Seventh-day Adventist; 1.2% Lipovan Orthodox and 2.9% stated they belonged to \"another religion\". A second group of Ukrainians in Romania live in the Dobruja region of the Danube Delta.", "During Soviet rule, eastern Galicia experienced a large influx of Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi terror on the other side of the new German-Soviet border; hundreds of thousands of Jews arrived in the territories newly annexed by the USSR. The civilian administration in those regions annexed from Poland was drawn mostly from the occupation force of eastern Ukrainians and Russians; only 20% of government employees were from the local population. It was falsely assumed by many Ukrainians that a disproportionate number of people working for the Soviet administration which was repressing western Ukrainians came from within the Galician Jewish community. The reason for this belief was that most of the previous Polish administrators were deported, and the local Ukrainian intelligentsia who could have taken their place were generally deemed to be too nationalistic for such work by the Soviets. In reality, although Ukrainians and Jews replaced the Polish administrators, most positions were staffed by ethnic Ukrainians from the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, in the eyes of many Ukrainians the Jews came to be associated with Soviet rule, which contributed to rising anti-Jewish sentiments. In addition, Jews were often blamed by Ukrainians for allegedly denouncing Ukrainians to the Soviet authorities, resulting in the Ukrainians' arrest and deportation. This idea also served to markedly increase antisemitic feelings among Ukrainians. The rising tide in Galicia of anti-Jewish sentiment among Ukrainians during Soviet rule was accompanied by the complete removal from Ukrainian society of moderate or liberal forces within that society when the Soviet authorities abolished all local Ukrainian political parties and arrested and deported most of the moderate politicians it could find \u2013 such as Dr. Dmytro Levitsky, the head of the moderate, left-leaning Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance, and chief of the Ukrainian delegation in the pre-war Polish parliament. Ultimately 20,000 to 30,000 Ukrainian activists would flee Galicia to German-occupied territory.", "The cultural separation from Ukraine proper meant that many were to form the so-called \"multicultural soviet nation\". In Siberia, 82% of Ukrainian entered mixed marriages, primarily with Russians. This meant that outside the parent national republic there was little or no provision for continuing a diaspora function. Thus only in large cities such as Moscow would Ukrainian literature and television could be found. At the same time other Ukrainian cultural heritage such as clothing and national foods were preserved. According to Soviet sociologist, 27% of the Ukrainians in Siberia read Ukrainian printed material and 38% used the Ukrainian language. From time to time, Ukrainian groups would visit Siberia. Nonetheless most of the Ukrainians did assimilate. In Eastern Europe, the Ukrainian diaspora can be divided as follows: In all these countries, Ukrainians had the status of a minority nation with their own socio-cultural organisations, schools, and press. The degree of these rights varied from country to country. They were greatest in Yugoslavia. The largest Ukrainian diaspora was in Poland. It consisted of those Ukrainians, which were left in the western parts of Galicia that after the Second World War remained in Poland and had not emigrated to the Ukrainian SSR or resettled, and those who were resettled to the western and northern parts of Poland, which before the Second World War had been part of Germany. Ukrainians in Czechoslovakia lived in the Pre\u0161ov Region, which can be considered Ukrainian ethnographic territory, and had substantial rights. The Ukrainians in the Pre\u0161ov Region had their own church organisation. Ukrainians in Romania lived in the Romanian parts of Bukovina and the Maramure\u015f Region, as well as in scattered settlements throughout Romania. Ukrainians in Yugoslavia lived primarily in Bancka and Srem regions of Vojvodina and Bosnia. These Ukrainians had their own church organisation as the Eparchy of Kri\u017eevci.", "The \"Fourteenth Congress of Ukrainians in the U.S.A.\" gathered on November 23\u201325, 1984, at the Hotel Waldorf Astoria, in New York City. The \"Fifteenth Congress of Ukrainians in the USA\" gathered on September 16\u201318, 1988, at the L'Enfant Plaza Hotel, in Washington, DC. The \"Sixteenth Congress of Ukrainians in America\" gathered on October 16\u201318, 1992, at the Ramada Hotel in East Hanover, NJ. The \"Seventeenth Congress of Ukrainians in America\" gathered on October 18\u201320, 1996, at the Ramada Hotel in East Hanover, NJ. The \"Eighteenth Congress of Ukrainians in America\" gathered on October 13\u201315, 2000, at the Chicago Marriott O'Hare in Chicago, IL. The \"Nineteenth Congress of Ukrainians in America\" gathered on September 24\u201326, 2004, at the Crowne Plaza Hotel in Philadelphia, PA. The \"Twentieth Congress of Ukrainians in America\" gathered on October 17\u201319, 2008, at the Sheraton Cleveland Airport Hotel in Cleveland, OH. The \"Twenty-First Congress of Ukrainians in America\" gathered on September 28\u201330, 2012, at the Ukrainian Youth Center in Yonkers, NY. The \"Twenty-Second Congress of Ukrainians in America\" gathered on September 23\u201325, 2016, at the Ukrainian National Home in Hartford, CT."], "answer": {"text": "Ukraine was inhabited by pagan tribes until Byzantine rite Christianity was introduced by the turn of the first millennium.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the major religion of Ukrainians?", "answer": {"text": "Ukrainians are predominantly Orthodox Christians.", "answer_start": 752, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Do they practice other religions as well?", "answer": {"text": "There are also ethnic minorities that practice other religions, i.e. Crimean Tatars (Islam), and Jews and Karaim (Judaism).", "answer_start": 1548, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do Orthodox Christians believe?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How are religious minorities treated?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f333f444bf2348abb21d44b39c68ca2d_0_q#5", "question": "How was Christianity introduced?", "rewrite": "How was Christianity introduced in Ukraine?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ireland has a wealth of structures, surviving in various states of preservation, from the Neolithic period, such as \"Br\u00fa na B\u00f3inne\", Poulnabrone dolmen, Castlestrange stone, Turoe stone, and Drombeg stone circle. As the Romans never conquered Ireland, architecture of Greco-Roman origin is extremely rare. The country instead had an extended period of Iron Age architecture. The Irish round tower originated during the Early Medieval period. Christianity introduced simple monastic houses, such as Clonmacnoise, Skellig Michael and Scattery Island. A stylistic similarity has been remarked between these double monasteries and those of the Copts of Egypt. Gaelic kings and aristocrats occupied ringforts or \"crann\u00f3gs\". Church reforms during the 12th century via the Cistercians stimulated continental influence, with the Romanesque styled Mellifont, Boyle and Tintern abbeys. Gaelic settlement had been limited to the Monastic proto-towns, such as Kells, where the current street pattern preserves the original circular settlement outline to some extent. Significant urban settlements only developed following the period of Viking invasions. The major Hiberno-Norse Longphorts were located on the coast, but with minor inland fluvial settlements, such as the eponymous Longford. Castles were built by the Anglo-Normans during the late 12th century, such as Dublin Castle and Kilkenny Castle, and the concept of the planned walled trading town was introduced, which gained legal status and several rights by grant of a Charter under Feudalism. These charters specifically governed the design of these towns. Two significant waves of planned town formation followed, the first being the 16th- and 17th-century plantation towns, which were used as a mechanism for the Tudor English kings to suppress local insurgency, followed by 18th-century landlord towns.", "Two of the slaves he had hidden were Mama Kay's ancestors, Nell and Levi, but they were never heard from again after they stopped at the station. When the townspeople found out about his involvement, they blindfolded him, filled his abdomen with stuffing and hung him from the tree where the swing once was that Heidi had seen. Andy relays this information to Joyce and Lisa, who then relays it to Heidi, but tells her that the stationmaster was a good man and helped a lot of people. When Heidi insists that an evil exists in the woods, Lisa becomes frustrated and tells her that she cannot believe her because she cares about her and orders Heidi to get out of the bathtub. When Heidi takes too long, Lisa returns to the bathroom as the lights flicker. The stationmaster is seen standing next to Lisa as Heidi is face down in the bathtub. Lisa pulls her out and attempts to use the Heimlich maneuver to expel the water from her lungs, only for Heidi to cough up sawdust and insects. Concerned, the family takes Heidi to the hospital, where her story is questioned. Heidi seems to have no memory of what happened and tells the doctor that when she didn't get out of the tub like she was supposed to, her mom pulled her out of the tub really hard, making it even harder to believe Lisa's story. As Lisa is leaving, Heidi tells her that it is hard when people don't believe you, indicating that she knew what she was doing. Later, the family asks the pastor to come out and bless the land and Heidi. During the blessing, Joyce experiences frightening visions of slaves being taken to the station by the stationmaster, along with the conductors, and she sees the bodies of her family members decomposing during the blessing. That night Heidi follows a ghost out of her house, who turns out to be Nell.", "His friend informs her that he already has a girlfriend and the idea of Heidi travelling with him is dismissed as a result of this. She strikes up a friendship with Irene, an older woman who runs a motel in the town. Irene, realising Heidi has very little life experience and no permanent roots in the town, offers her a flatrent at the back of the motel. In order to pay the rent, Heidi must find a job, and after an unsuccessful attempt to work at a ski hire shop, she is hired at a Petrol station. One of Heidi's co-workers is Bianca and the two become friends after Bianca offers her a lift home one evening. While in town, Heidi eventually meets Joe, an equally confused young man who is having trouble with his sexuality. Joe is the son of a wealthy local farmer who finds comfort in her presence. However, Joe's insecurities towards his sexual orientation lead to a turbulent relationship between the two. Staying with Joe's parents is Richard, a gay man. Although the two share passion, Joe and Heidi's dysfunctional personalities sometimes lead to a disconnect between one another. One night, Joe takes Heidi to a Chinese restaurant, and she asks Joe if he loves her. When he refuses to answer, she swallows a small bowl of chilli. He drags her to the bathroom to expel the chilli and takes her back to the motel. While trying to express and reciprocate feelings towards Heidi, Joe kisses Richard, leading to further problems for the newly acquainted couple. The following morning, Joe's cold and distant father fails to comfort Joe, who is both drunk and emotionally distressed. Eventually, he goes to visit Heidi, who has brought home two men from a club she visited and proceeded to have sex with them when they are interrupted by Joe.", "Christian Topography The Christian Topography (, ) is a 6th-century work, one of the earliest essays in scientific geography written by a Christian author. It originally consisted of five books written by Cosmas Indicopleustes and expanded to ten and eventually to twelve books at around 550 AD. Cosmas Indicopleustes, the author of the Christian Topography, put forward the idea that the world is flat. Originally written in Greek with illustrations and maps, his view of the flatness of the world may have been influenced by some Jewish and Eastern contemporaries. While most of the Christians of the same period maintained that the Earth was a sphere, the work advances the idea that the world is flat, and that the heavens form the shape of a box with a curved lid, and especially attacks the idea that the heavens were spherical and in motion, now known as the geocentric model of the universe. The author cites passages of scripture which he interprets originally in order to support his thesis, and attempts to argue down the idea of a spherical earth by stigmatizing it as \"pagan\". An early surviving reference to the work is by Patriarch Photios I of Constantinople in the 9th century AD. Photius condemns the style and syntax of the text as well as the honesty of the author. More recent authors tend to agree with Photius on the stylistic points, but do find the author generally reliable for geographical and historical references. Edward Gibbon, for example, said \"the nonsense of the Monk was, nevertheless, mingled with the practical knowledge of the traveller\" and used it in writing \"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire\". The \"Topography\" is often cited as evidence that Christianity introduced the idea of the flat-earth into the world, and brought in the age of ignorance.", "Architecture of Norway The architecture of Norway has evolved in response to changing economic conditions, technological advances, demographic fluctuations and cultural shifts. While outside architectural influences are apparent in much of Norwegian architecture, they have often been adapted to meet Norwegian climatic conditions, including: harsh winters, high winds and, in coastal areas, salt spray. Norway's architectural trends are also seen to parallel political and societal changes in Norway over the centuries. Prior to the Viking Age, wooden structures developed into a sophisticated craft evident in the elegant and effective construction of the Viking longships. Following that, the ascent of Christianity introduced Romanesque architecture in cathedrals and churches, with characteristically slightly pointed arches, barrel vaults, cruciform piers supporting vaults, and groin vaults; in large part as a result of religious influence from England. During the Middle Ages, the geography dictated a dispersed economy and population. As a result, the traditional Norwegian farm culture remained strong, and Norway differed from most European countries in never adopting feudalism. This, combined with the ready availability of wood as a building material, ensured that relatively few examples of the Baroque, Renaissance, and Rococo architecture styles so often built by the ruling classes elsewhere in Europe, were constructed in Norway. Instead, these factors resulted in distinctive traditions in Norwegian vernacular architecture, which have been preserved in existing farms in the many Norwegian open-air museums that showcase buildings from the Middle Ages through to the 19th century; prominent examples include the Norsk Folkemuseum in Oslo and Maihaugen in Lillehammer, as well as extant buildings still in service on farms such as those in the Heidal valley. In the 20th century, Norwegian architecture has been characterized by its connection with Norwegian social policy on the one hand, and innovation on the other."], "answer": {"text": "the first known conversion was by the Princess Saint Olga who came to Constantinople in 945 or 957.", "answer_start": 469}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the major religion of Ukrainians?", "answer": {"text": "Ukrainians are predominantly Orthodox Christians.", "answer_start": 752, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Do they practice other religions as well?", "answer": {"text": "There are also ethnic minorities that practice other religions, i.e. Crimean Tatars (Islam), and Jews and Karaim (Judaism).", "answer_start": 1548, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do Orthodox Christians believe?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How are religious minorities treated?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the history of their religion?", "answer": {"text": "Ukraine was inhabited by pagan tribes until Byzantine rite Christianity was introduced by the turn of the first millennium.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f333f444bf2348abb21d44b39c68ca2d_0_q#6", "question": "What other conversions occurred?", "rewrite": "Aside from the first known conversion was by the Princess Saint Olga who came to Constantinople in 945 or 957, what other conversions occurred?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hinduism has been spread after the collapse of the Soviet Union by Indian and International Society for Krishna Consciousness' missionaries and is particularly present in the Donbass region. Crimean Tatars professing Islam represent a significant part of the population in Crimea, which prior 2014 was a subject of Ukraine, but has been since that year occupied by Russia. As of 2016, without Crimea, where Muslims formed 15% of the population in 2013, only Donbass maintains a larger community of Muslims compared to other Ukrainian regions (6%). Since before the outbreak of the War in Donbass in 2014, but even more violently so from that year onwards, there has been unrest between pro-Ukrainian and pro-Russian religious groups in the country. In pre-historic times and in the early Middle Ages, the territories of present-day Ukraine supported different tribes practising their traditional pagan religions (though note for example the Tengrism of Old Great Bulgaria in the Ukrainian lands in the 7th century CE). Byzantine-rite Christianity first became prominent about the turn of the first millennium. Later traditions and legends relate that in the first century CE the Apostle Andrew himself had visited the site where the city of Kiev would later arise. In the 10th century the emerging state of Kievan Rus' came increasingly under the cultural influence of the Byzantine Empire. The first recorded Rus' convert to Eastern Orthodoxy, the Princess Saint Olga, visited Constantinople in 945 or 957. In the 980s, according to tradition, Olga's grandson, Knyaz (Prince) Vladimir had his people baptised in the Dnieper River. This began a long history of the dominance of Eastern Orthodoxy in Ruthenia, a religious ascendancy that would later influence both Ukraine and Russia.", "Insignia of Saint Olga The Insignia of Saint Olga () was an award that briefly existed from 1913 to 1917. It was established on by Emperor Nicholas II of Russia to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the Romanov Dynasty. It was designated as a special award only for females, \"in consideration of the merits of women in the various arenas of public and community service, as well as to the deeds and works for the benefit of their neighbours.\" The \"Insignia of Saint Olga\" was only awarded once before the Russian Revolution toppled the monarchy. The creation of the award was announced to coincide with the official anniversary of the Romanov dynasty in 1913; it was later named in honour of Saint Olga (c. 890\u2013969), who was among those who first preached Christianity to the people of Kievan Rus'. It was not officially approved until July 1915. The award was to have the dates of the Romanov Empire anniversary inscribed, \"February, 21st Day, 1613-1913. \" It was designated for three grades of merit: According to the bylines for the award, it was only to be awarded only twice per year: 23 April, the birthday of Empress Alexandra; and 14 November, the birthday of the Dowager Empress Maria Fyodorovna. The regulations and bureaucratic delays of implementing the award resulted in it being awarded only one time, during World War I. The recipient was Vera Nikolayevna Panayeva (), a Russian widow who had lost three sons to fighting in the war. Though the award has been translated as \"The Order of Saint Olga\" (\"\"), it was not given that specific name or designation; being instead officially titled \"The Insignia of the Holy Saint Princess Olga\" (\")\"). Currently, the Moscow Patriarchate awards an Order of Saint Olga, Equal-of-the-Apostles, as a decoration for women.", "Ukraine was inhabited by pagan tribes until Byzantine rite Christianity was introduced by the turn of the first millennium. It was imagined by later writers who sought to put Kievan Christianity on the same level of primacy as Byzantine Christianity that Apostle Andrew himself had visited the site where the city of Kiev would be later built. However it was only by the 10th century that the emerging state, the Kievan Rus', became influenced by the Byzantine Empire; the first known conversion was by the Princess Saint Olga who came to Constantinople in 945 or 957. Several years later, her grandson, Knyaz Vladimir baptised his people in the Dnieper River. This began a long history of the dominance of the Eastern Orthodoxy in Ruthenia (Ukraine). Ukrainians are predominantly Orthodox Christians. In the eastern and southern areas of Ukraine the Ukrainian Orthodox Church under the jurisdiction of the Moscow Patriarchate is the most common. In central and western Ukraine there is support for the Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kiev Patriarchate headed by Patriarch Filaret and also in the western areas of Ukraine and with smaller support throughout the country there is support for the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church headed by Metropolitan Mefodiy. In the Western region known as Galicia the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, one of the Eastern Rite Catholic churches has a strong membership. Since the fall of the Soviet Union there has been a growth of Protestant churches and Rodnovery, a contemporary Slavic modern pagan religion. There are also ethnic minorities that practice other religions, i.e. Crimean Tatars (Islam), and Jews and Karaim (Judaism). A 2016 survey conducted by the Razumkov Centre found that majority of Ukrainian populations was adhering to Christianity (81.9%).", "Polyeuctus of Constantinople Polyeuctus (in Greek: \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2), (? \u2013 5 February 970) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (956\u2013970). His orthodox feast is on February 5. Polyeuctus was raised from being a simple monk to the Patriarchate in 956, as successor to the imperial prince Theophylact Lekapenos, and remained on the patriarchal throne in Constantinople until his death on 16 January 970. For his great mind, zeal for the Faith and power of oratory, he was called a \"second Chrysostom\". Although he was given his position by Constantine VII, he did not show much loyalty to him. He began by questioning the legitimacy of Constantine's parents' marriage, and then went as far as to restore the good name of Patriarch Euthymius who had so vigorously opposed that union. The Russian Princess Saint Olga came to Constantinople in the time of Patriarch Polyeuctus during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus, and was baptised there in 957. The Patriarch baptised her, and the Emperor stood godfather. St Polyeuctus prophesied: \"Blessed art thou among Russian women, for thou bast desired the light and cast away darkness; the sons of Russia will bless thee to the last generation.\" (reference needed) He raised bishop Petrus of Otranto (958) to the dignity of metropolitan, with the obligation to establish the Greek Rite throughout the province; the Latin Rite was introduced again after the Norman conquest, but the Greek Rite remained in use in several towns of the archdiocese and of its suffragans, until the 16th century (reference needed).", "Olga of Kiev Saint Olga (, Old Norse: \"\"; born c. 890\u2013925, in Pskov \u2013 died 969 AD in Kiev) was a regent of Kievan Rus' for her son Svyatoslav from 945 until 960. Due to the imperfect transliteration between Old East Slavic and the English language, the name Olga is synonymous with Olha. Because of her Varangian origin, she also is known in Old Norse as Saint Helga. She is known for her obliteration of the Drevlians, a tribe that had killed her husband Igor of Kiev. Even though it would be her grandson Vladimir that would convert the entire nation to Christianity, her efforts to spread Christianity through the Rus\u2019 earned Olga veneration as a saint. She is venerated in the Russian Orthodox Church as an apostle-like saint. Remembrance day in Russia is the 11th of July. While Olga's birthdate is unknown, it could be as early as 890 AD and as late as 925 AD. According to the \"Primary Chronicle\" Olga was of Viking origin and born in Pskov. Little is known about her life before her marriage to Prince Igor I of Kiev and the birth of their son, Svyatoslav. Igor was the son and heir of Rurik, founder of Rurik dynasty. After his father's death Igor was under guardianship of Oleg, who had consolidated power in the region, conquering neighboring tribes and establishing a capital in Kiev. This loose tribal federation became known as Kievan Rus\u2019, a territory covering what are now parts of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. The Drevlians were a neighboring tribe with which the growing Kievan Rus\u2019 empire had a complex relationship. The Drevlians had joined Kievan Rus\u2019 in military campaigns against the Byzantine Empire and paid tribute to Igor's predecessors."], "answer": {"text": "Several years later, her grandson, Knyaz Vladimir baptised his people in the Dnieper River.", "answer_start": 569}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the major religion of Ukrainians?", "answer": {"text": "Ukrainians are predominantly Orthodox Christians.", "answer_start": 752, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Do they practice other religions as well?", "answer": {"text": "There are also ethnic minorities that practice other religions, i.e. Crimean Tatars (Islam), and Jews and Karaim (Judaism).", "answer_start": 1548, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do Orthodox Christians believe?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How are religious minorities treated?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the history of their religion?", "answer": {"text": "Ukraine was inhabited by pagan tribes until Byzantine rite Christianity was introduced by the turn of the first millennium.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was Christianity introduced?", "answer": {"text": "the first known conversion was by the Princess Saint Olga who came to Constantinople in 945 or 957.", "answer_start": 469, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f333f444bf2348abb21d44b39c68ca2d_0_q#7", "question": "What other people were significant during this time?", "rewrite": "Aside from Knyaz Vladimir, what other people were significant during the 950 era?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Biritch Biritch (birich, biryuch ) in Ancient Rus was a herald, an announcer of the will of a \"knyaz\", sometimes kniaz's deputy in police or diplomatic affairs, or tax collector. A birich travelled to settlements, played bugle or horn in the center of a town square or yard to gather people and read the announcement. The word is thought to be derived from a Turkic word for \"bugler\", \"hornist\" (in modern Turkish: \"borucu\", \"borazanc\u0131\"). Other hypotheses try to base the meanings on interpretations of the root \"bir-\", meaning \"to take\" in Slavic languages, deriving the meaning \"tax collector\". Birich is mentioned in East Slavic manuscripts since the 10th century and until the end of the 17th century. The Laurentian Codex mentions under the year of 992 that knyaz Vladimir of Kiev, when looking for a volunteer to fight a Pecheneg \"baghatur\" have sent a \"birich\" in regiments. Later tsars of Muscovy announced various \"ukases\" via biriches. Heads of the Church also used biriches to announce their decrees. A birich was supposed to make an announcement in market place, not once but many times, sometimes during several months. Later other administrators (\"namestniks\", \"voyevodas\", etc.) had biriches in their staff, as mentioned in payrolls. The word \"biritch\" is the name of a 19th-century card game. It is said to have originated in Russia, but satisfactory evidence of this has not been discovered. It is considered to be a precursor of contract bridge.", "In fact, it is constructed along the same scheme: at its base in form like an inverted \u201c\u041f\u201d with additional elements added. Given that the united Rus\u2019 state ceased to exist in the 13th century, the numerous relational ties between the branches of the Rurikids and the Lithuanian princes, and furthermore the expansion of authority of the Grand Duke of Lithuania over part of the territory that comprised the Kievan Rus\u2019, one may assume the Columns of Gediminas are a further development of Rus\u2019 princely emblems. It should be noted, however, that despite the temptation and attractiveness of such a theory, it remains only a hypothesis, not supported by documentary evidence. Despite the fact that the heraldic symbols of the knyaz of Kievan Rus\u2019 ceased to be used in the 13th century, in the 20th century some of them began to be used in the role of coats of arms and emblems. In 1917 after the October Revolution, when on the territory of the former Russian Empire new states began to form, the trident (Ukrainian: \u0422\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0431, Tryzub) of Knyaz Vladimir was proposed by historian Mykhailo Hrushevskyi as a national symbol for Ukraine. The status of the small coat of arms of the Ukrainian People's Republic as the personal symbol of Vladimir was given on 22 March 1918 as a result of a decision of the Central Council of Ukraine. Later this symbol was used with several modifications and additions by Ukrainian state entities created during the period from 1918 to 1920. With the establishment of Soviet power over the Ukraine, the trident lost its official status, but continued to be used by organizations of Ukrainian nationalists, and also, with the addition of a cross on a prong, as a component in the coat of arms proclaimed in 1939 for Carpatho-Ukraine. In 1941 it was used by the Ukrainian National Government.", "Russian submarine Knyaz Vladimir K-549 \"Knyaz Vladimir\" (Russian: \u0410\u041f\u041b \"\u041a\u043d\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\") is a nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine, and the first upgraded Borei-A (Project 955A) unit to enter service with the Russian Navy. The submarine is named after Prince Vladimir the Great. Project 955A was developed by the Rubin Design Bureau, and the chief designer was Sergey Kovalev. The keel was expected to have been laid down in 2010 but this was delayed until July 2012 because of a price dispute between the Russian MOD and the United Shipbuilding Corporation. \"Knyaz Vladimir\" is the first unit of the Project 955A sub-class and will differ by several modifications from the previous units of the project 955. These modifications will include major structural changes, reduced acoustic signature, and more modern communication equipment. While initially reported to have four more (20 in total) launch tubes, the 955A includes 16 missile tubes same as the project 955. The submarine will be armed with the newest Russian submarine launched ballistic missile (SLBM), the RSM-56 Bulava. \" Knyaz Vladimir\" and its sister ships will eventually replace the Soviet-era and s in the Russian Navy. \"Knyaz Vladimir\" was floated out on 17 November 2017, and began the first stage of factory trials by late November 2018. The submarine returned back to Sevmash in early 2019 and was to begin a second stage of factory trials by late June 2019.", "Prince Vladimir (film) Prince Vladimir (, Knyaz Vladimir) is a 2006 Russian traditionally-animated feature film. It is loosely based on the story of prince Vladimir the Fair Sun, who converted Kievan Rus' (a predecessor state of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus) to Christianity in the late 10th century. The film tells a romanticized version of the story, adapted for children and filled with fantasy elements. The plot follows the events surrounding Vladimir from childhood and into adulthood. In the beginning of the film, there were three pagan princes who ruled ancient Rus': Vladimir of Novgorod, Oleg of Kiev, and Yaropolk, under the guidance of the wise volkhvy priests. The land was peaceful until a power-hungry student of one of the volkhvy killed his master, who cursed him and gave him the name \"Krivzha\" ( meaning \"crooked\"). As a high pirest and in his quest for dominance, he conspires with the Pecheneg khan Kurya to pillage Slavic villages to undermine the authority of the Slavic princes. Krizha also influences Prince Vladimir to become a cruel ruler. Vladimir attempts to kill his brother Yaropolk, accusing him of killing Oleg. Regretting the murder of his brother Yaropolk by his brother Dobrynya, Vladimir does not suspect a conspiracy between the priest and the Pechenegs. Vladimir is concerned about gathering the Slavic tribes into one united state. Solving this major task, he faces obstacles, which Vladimir overcomes in the end, defeating Krivzha and winning the battle against Kurya. Production started in 1997 with research into the customs of the time period as well as character design. Originally, the story was to be told through a series of 30-minute shorts, but the idea was scrapped.", "He passes by some woods and is confronted by a forest-dwelling monster known as Nightingale the Robber who blows wind so hard it parts the forest backward; Ilya defeats him by throwing a cudgel at him. Meanwhile, in the capital Kiev, a peasant named Razumey stands trial before Knyaz Vladimir the Fair Sun, for cutting trees without permission. Upon hearing that Razumey's purpose was designing and building weapons to use against the enemy, Vladimir releases him and provides him with wood to continue the work. Ilya arrives in Kiev and presents the forest monster to Knyaz Vladimir, who is impressed with his deeds. Ilya becomes part of a bogatyr brotherhood with two other bogatyrs Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich. A Tugar envoy arrives in the city, a huge zeppelin-like man on a massive moving platform, who warns the Knyaz to give a tribute for twelve years in advance and they will be spared. Ilya replies by insulting the ambassador, and, when he throws a sword at Ilya, throwing it back into the ambassador's stomach, cutting him down while the envoy runs off. Ilya leaves Kiev and finds Vassilisa captured by three Tugars and releases her. After a while Ilya departs from the pregnant Vassilisa to fight the Turgars. Upon leaving he expresses his wish for her to bear a son, to be called Sokolnichek (\"Little Falcon\"), who will become a heroic warrior. Unfortunately Vassilisa is abducted again by the Tugars. Mishatychka has become an important adviser to the knyaz and he tricks the knyaz into believing that Ilya is disloyal to him."], "answer": {"text": "Apostle Andrew himself had visited the site where the city of Kiev would be later built.", "answer_start": 255}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the major religion of Ukrainians?", "answer": {"text": "Ukrainians are predominantly Orthodox Christians.", "answer_start": 752, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Do they practice other religions as well?", "answer": {"text": "There are also ethnic minorities that practice other religions, i.e. Crimean Tatars (Islam), and Jews and Karaim (Judaism).", "answer_start": 1548, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do Orthodox Christians believe?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How are religious minorities treated?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the history of their religion?", "answer": {"text": "Ukraine was inhabited by pagan tribes until Byzantine rite Christianity was introduced by the turn of the first millennium.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was Christianity introduced?", "answer": {"text": "the first known conversion was by the Princess Saint Olga who came to Constantinople in 945 or 957.", "answer_start": 469, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other conversions occurred?", "answer": {"text": "Several years later, her grandson, Knyaz Vladimir baptised his people in the Dnieper River.", "answer_start": 569, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_15e19190918545cf9dd79d03af6b127a_0_q#0", "question": "Has Tom Paxton won any prestigeous awards?", "rewrite": "Has Tom Paxton won any prestigeous awards?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Redemption Road (album) Redemption Road is the sixty-first album by American folk singer-songwriter Tom Paxton, released in March 2015. Over a period of 60 days, from 30 July 2014 to 28 September 2014, Tom Paxton called on Kickstarter's services in order to finance his new studio album, collecting a $32,177 pledge (of $20,000 goal) from 552 backers. Though the album was not officially released until 10 March 2015, it was actually recorded in 2014, and can be fully streamed on Tom's official SoundCloud page since 6 January 2015. All songs by Tom Paxton unless otherwise noted.", "Ramblin' Boy Ramblin' Boy is the debut album by American folk singer-songwriter Tom Paxton, released in 1964. \"Ramblin' Boy\" is referred to as Paxton's debut album, since it was his first album released on a major record label (Elektra Records), although he had previously released a live album recorded at The Gaslight Cafe in Greenwich Village entitled, \"I'm the Man That Built the Bridges\" (which was released on the small Gaslight label in 1962). Three songs from \"Ramblin' Boy\" were frequently covered by other artists \u2013 the title song, \"I Can't Help But Wonder Where I'm Bound\" and \"The Last Thing on My Mind\". The latter song remains one of Paxton's most well-known compositions. Music critic Steven Leggett of Allmusic commented in his review that the album sounds \"rather dated these days\" due to the topical issues of the songs. He also writes: \"What keeps 'Ramblin' Boy' from being just another period piece from the 1960s are a trio of songs in which Paxton swings away from trying to be relevant and brings a kind of restless and romantic self-analysis to the table. ' The Last Thing on My Mind', 'Ramblin' Boy', and 'I Can't Help But Wonder Where I'm Bound' all exhibit a classic, timeless appeal simply because they work to the positive side of emotional ennui. \" All songs by Tom Paxton unless otherwise noted.", "Tom Paxton discography Tom Paxton (born October 31, 1937) is an American folk singer-songwriter who has had a music career spanning for more than fifty years. In 2009, Paxton received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. He is noteworthy as a music educator as well as an advocate for folk singers to combine traditional songs with new compositions. Paxton's songs have been featured in the following movies: \"A Time for Burning\" (1966), \"Jennifer on My Mind\" (1971), \"Demolition Man\" (1993), \"The Family Man\" (2000), \"North Country\" (2005), and \"Spike\" (2008). Paxton's song \"Going to the Zoo\" was included in an episode of \"Monty Python's Flying Circus\" entitled \"\" (Season 1, episode 13; aired January 11, 1970; recorded January 4, 1970). \"Going to the Zoo\" was also featured on an episode of \"Sharon, Lois & Bram's Elephant Show\" entitled \"Zoo\" (Season 1, Episode 9; aired, November 5, 1984). His song \"Lyndon Johnson Told the Nation\" was included in an episode of \"American Experience\" entitled \"LBJ\" (1991). \" The Last Thing on My Mind\" was included on Bravo Profiles \"Dolly Parton: Diamond in a Rhinestone World\" (aired September 6, 1999). A brief clip of Paxton was shown during the 51st Grammy Awards telecast on February 8, 2009, which announced his Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. He contributed original music for the short drama \"The Price of Art\" (2007; released June 5, 2009). Paxton's songs have been recorded by (among others):", "In February 2007, this documentary won the award for best series at the Irish Film and Television Awards in Dublin. In 2008 Liam performed in a filmed concert titled \"\" which featured the last filmed performance of his friend Odetta, as well as songs from Tom Paxton, Shane MacGowan, Gemma Hayes, Eric Bibb, and Fionn Regan as well as members of Dan\u00fa. The same director Alan Gilsenan went on to direct a full-length biography of Liam Clancy, \"\". This was released at the 2009 Dublin Film Festival and went on to have a theatrical and DVD release in Ireland the UK. The film includes appearances by Pete Seeger, Jean Ritchie, Bob Dylan, Odetta, and many others as well as much unseen archive such as The Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem at Newport Festival. \" The Irish Times\" praised the film and director Gilsenan who it said had \"tracked down an impressive number of secondary sources, and his use of other performers' music is often inspired\". His final album \"The Wheels of Life\" was released in 2009. It included duets with Mary Black and Gemma Hayes as well as songs by Tom Paxton and Donovan. Liam was an ardent proponent of political views and often outspoken on matters of social injustice right up until his death. He criticised both Gulf Wars and the grim, harsh economic climate which gripped Ireland during his last months alive. Clancy told \"The Irish Times\" in September 2009 that he was on his \"last legs\". He had already given his final performance, at the National Concert Hall the previous May, during which he recited the Dylan Thomas poem \"And death shall have no dominion\". He was unable to perform a full-length show on the final night of a two-night sold-out run but put in a 40-minute appearance nonetheless. His manager described it as \"a very profound moment.", "In February 2002, Paxton was honored with the ASCAP Lifetime Achievement Award in Folk Music. A few days later, he received three Wammies (Washington, DC, Area Music Awards); as Best Male Vocalist in the \"traditional folk\" and \"children's music\" categories, and for Best Traditional Folk Recording of the Year for \"Under American Skies\" (2001). Paxton has been nominated four times for Grammy Awards, all since 2002. He was first nominated in 2002 for his children's album, Your Shoes, My Shoes. The following year, Looking for the Moon received a 2003 nomination for \"Best Contemporary Folk Album\". Live In The UK (2005), received a 2006 Grammy nomination in the \"Best Traditional Folk Album\" category. Most recently, his 2008 album Comedians and Angels received a 2009 nomination, also in the \"Best Traditional Folk Album\" category. Paxton was honored with a 2009 Lifetime Achievement Award from the Recording Academy, and the formal announcement was made during the 51st Annual Grammy Awards telecast, which aired on February 8, 2009. In 2004, the Martin Guitar Company introduced the HD-40LSH Tom Paxton Signature Edition acoustic guitar in his honor. In 2005, Paxton received a Lifetime Achievement Award for Songwriting at BBC Radio 2's Folk Awards at London's Brewery Arts Centre. In 2006, Paxton received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the North American Folk Music and Dance Alliance. On January 22, 2007, Paxton was honored with an official Parliamentary tribute at the House of Commons of the United Kingdom at the start of his 2007 UK tour. On May 3, 2008, Paxton was honored with a special lifetime tribute from the World Folk Music Association, and a concert was held at the Rachel M. Schlesinger Concert Hall and Arts Center at Northern Virginia Community College, Alexandria Campus, in Alexandria, Virginia."], "answer": {"text": "A few days later, he received three Wammies", "answer_start": 94}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_15e19190918545cf9dd79d03af6b127a_0_q#1", "question": "What did he receive those awards for?", "rewrite": "What did Tom Paxton receive the three Wammies awards for?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In February 2002, Paxton was honored with the ASCAP Lifetime Achievement Award in Folk Music. A few days later, he received three Wammies (Washington, DC, Area Music Awards); as Best Male Vocalist in the \"traditional folk\" and \"children's music\" categories, and for Best Traditional Folk Recording of the Year for \"Under American Skies\" (2001). Paxton has been nominated four times for Grammy Awards, all since 2002. He was first nominated in 2002 for his children's album, Your Shoes, My Shoes. The following year, Looking for the Moon received a 2003 nomination for \"Best Contemporary Folk Album\". Live In The UK (2005), received a 2006 Grammy nomination in the \"Best Traditional Folk Album\" category. Most recently, his 2008 album Comedians and Angels received a 2009 nomination, also in the \"Best Traditional Folk Album\" category. Paxton was honored with a 2009 Lifetime Achievement Award from the Recording Academy, and the formal announcement was made during the 51st Annual Grammy Awards telecast, which aired on February 8, 2009. In 2004, the Martin Guitar Company introduced the HD-40LSH Tom Paxton Signature Edition acoustic guitar in his honor. In 2005, Paxton received a Lifetime Achievement Award for Songwriting at BBC Radio 2's Folk Awards at London's Brewery Arts Centre. In 2006, Paxton received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the North American Folk Music and Dance Alliance. On January 22, 2007, Paxton was honored with an official Parliamentary tribute at the House of Commons of the United Kingdom at the start of his 2007 UK tour. On May 3, 2008, Paxton was honored with a special lifetime tribute from the World Folk Music Association, and a concert was held at the Rachel M. Schlesinger Concert Hall and Arts Center at Northern Virginia Community College, Alexandria Campus, in Alexandria, Virginia.", "Tom Paxton discography Tom Paxton (born October 31, 1937) is an American folk singer-songwriter who has had a music career spanning for more than fifty years. In 2009, Paxton received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. He is noteworthy as a music educator as well as an advocate for folk singers to combine traditional songs with new compositions. Paxton's songs have been featured in the following movies: \"A Time for Burning\" (1966), \"Jennifer on My Mind\" (1971), \"Demolition Man\" (1993), \"The Family Man\" (2000), \"North Country\" (2005), and \"Spike\" (2008). Paxton's song \"Going to the Zoo\" was included in an episode of \"Monty Python's Flying Circus\" entitled \"\" (Season 1, episode 13; aired January 11, 1970; recorded January 4, 1970). \"Going to the Zoo\" was also featured on an episode of \"Sharon, Lois & Bram's Elephant Show\" entitled \"Zoo\" (Season 1, Episode 9; aired, November 5, 1984). His song \"Lyndon Johnson Told the Nation\" was included in an episode of \"American Experience\" entitled \"LBJ\" (1991). \" The Last Thing on My Mind\" was included on Bravo Profiles \"Dolly Parton: Diamond in a Rhinestone World\" (aired September 6, 1999). A brief clip of Paxton was shown during the 51st Grammy Awards telecast on February 8, 2009, which announced his Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. He contributed original music for the short drama \"The Price of Art\" (2007; released June 5, 2009). Paxton's songs have been recorded by (among others):", "Redemption Road (album) Redemption Road is the sixty-first album by American folk singer-songwriter Tom Paxton, released in March 2015. Over a period of 60 days, from 30 July 2014 to 28 September 2014, Tom Paxton called on Kickstarter's services in order to finance his new studio album, collecting a $32,177 pledge (of $20,000 goal) from 552 backers. Though the album was not officially released until 10 March 2015, it was actually recorded in 2014, and can be fully streamed on Tom's official SoundCloud page since 6 January 2015. All songs by Tom Paxton unless otherwise noted.", "Ramblin' Boy Ramblin' Boy is the debut album by American folk singer-songwriter Tom Paxton, released in 1964. \"Ramblin' Boy\" is referred to as Paxton's debut album, since it was his first album released on a major record label (Elektra Records), although he had previously released a live album recorded at The Gaslight Cafe in Greenwich Village entitled, \"I'm the Man That Built the Bridges\" (which was released on the small Gaslight label in 1962). Three songs from \"Ramblin' Boy\" were frequently covered by other artists \u2013 the title song, \"I Can't Help But Wonder Where I'm Bound\" and \"The Last Thing on My Mind\". The latter song remains one of Paxton's most well-known compositions. Music critic Steven Leggett of Allmusic commented in his review that the album sounds \"rather dated these days\" due to the topical issues of the songs. He also writes: \"What keeps 'Ramblin' Boy' from being just another period piece from the 1960s are a trio of songs in which Paxton swings away from trying to be relevant and brings a kind of restless and romantic self-analysis to the table. ' The Last Thing on My Mind', 'Ramblin' Boy', and 'I Can't Help But Wonder Where I'm Bound' all exhibit a classic, timeless appeal simply because they work to the positive side of emotional ennui. \" All songs by Tom Paxton unless otherwise noted.", "Al Petteway Al Petteway is an American guitarist known primarily for his acoustic fingerstyle work both as a soloist and with well-known folk artists such as Amy White, Tom Paxton, Jethro Burns, Jonathan Edwards, Cheryl Wheeler, Debi Smith, Bonnie Rideout, Maggie Sansone and many others. His own compositions rely heavily on Celtic and Appalachian influences and he is known for his use of DADGAD tuning. Petteway's music has been featured on NPR and on PBS television specials by Ken Burns, most notably \"\" (2009). His recordings, music books, and instructional videotapes have gained him a large following of devoted fans around the globe. His playing is featured on more than sixty recordings by some of the world's best known folk and Celtic musicians. Since 1996, he has performed exclusively with his wife, Amy White. They have been Artists in Residence at The Kennedy Center and at Warren Wilson College. Petteway is also the Guitar Week coordinator for the world-famous \"Swannanoa Gathering\" music camp at Warren Wilson College near Asheville, N.C. In 2005, Al Petteway's rendition of \"The Thornbirds\" appeared on the Grammy Award-winning compilation of solo guitar renditions of Henry Mancini compositions titled \"\". Before that he and Amy were awarded an Indie award for their duo guitar album \"Gratitude\". Al Petteway has been awarded 45 \"Wammies\" by the Washington Area Music Association including the top honors of \"Artist of the Year\" and \"Musician of the Year\". He was the recipient of two Maryland State Arts Council Individual Artist Awards for Music Composition and performed at the Vice President's House and The White House during the Clinton administration. In 2012, he was given the \"Master Music Makers\" award by Warren Wilson College and the Swannanoa Gathering."], "answer": {"text": "Best Male Vocalist in the \"traditional folk\" and \"children's music\"", "answer_start": 178}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Has Tom Paxton won any prestigeous awards?", "answer": {"text": "A few days later, he received three Wammies", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_15e19190918545cf9dd79d03af6b127a_0_q#2", "question": "Did he win any other awards?", "rewrite": "Aside from the three Wammies, did Tom Paxton win any other awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Al Petteway Al Petteway is an American guitarist known primarily for his acoustic fingerstyle work both as a soloist and with well-known folk artists such as Amy White, Tom Paxton, Jethro Burns, Jonathan Edwards, Cheryl Wheeler, Debi Smith, Bonnie Rideout, Maggie Sansone and many others. His own compositions rely heavily on Celtic and Appalachian influences and he is known for his use of DADGAD tuning. Petteway's music has been featured on NPR and on PBS television specials by Ken Burns, most notably \"\" (2009). His recordings, music books, and instructional videotapes have gained him a large following of devoted fans around the globe. His playing is featured on more than sixty recordings by some of the world's best known folk and Celtic musicians. Since 1996, he has performed exclusively with his wife, Amy White. They have been Artists in Residence at The Kennedy Center and at Warren Wilson College. Petteway is also the Guitar Week coordinator for the world-famous \"Swannanoa Gathering\" music camp at Warren Wilson College near Asheville, N.C. In 2005, Al Petteway's rendition of \"The Thornbirds\" appeared on the Grammy Award-winning compilation of solo guitar renditions of Henry Mancini compositions titled \"\". Before that he and Amy were awarded an Indie award for their duo guitar album \"Gratitude\". Al Petteway has been awarded 45 \"Wammies\" by the Washington Area Music Association including the top honors of \"Artist of the Year\" and \"Musician of the Year\". He was the recipient of two Maryland State Arts Council Individual Artist Awards for Music Composition and performed at the Vice President's House and The White House during the Clinton administration. In 2012, he was given the \"Master Music Makers\" award by Warren Wilson College and the Swannanoa Gathering.", "Ramblin' Boy Ramblin' Boy is the debut album by American folk singer-songwriter Tom Paxton, released in 1964. \"Ramblin' Boy\" is referred to as Paxton's debut album, since it was his first album released on a major record label (Elektra Records), although he had previously released a live album recorded at The Gaslight Cafe in Greenwich Village entitled, \"I'm the Man That Built the Bridges\" (which was released on the small Gaslight label in 1962). Three songs from \"Ramblin' Boy\" were frequently covered by other artists \u2013 the title song, \"I Can't Help But Wonder Where I'm Bound\" and \"The Last Thing on My Mind\". The latter song remains one of Paxton's most well-known compositions. Music critic Steven Leggett of Allmusic commented in his review that the album sounds \"rather dated these days\" due to the topical issues of the songs. He also writes: \"What keeps 'Ramblin' Boy' from being just another period piece from the 1960s are a trio of songs in which Paxton swings away from trying to be relevant and brings a kind of restless and romantic self-analysis to the table. ' The Last Thing on My Mind', 'Ramblin' Boy', and 'I Can't Help But Wonder Where I'm Bound' all exhibit a classic, timeless appeal simply because they work to the positive side of emotional ennui. \" All songs by Tom Paxton unless otherwise noted.", "In February 2002, Paxton was honored with the ASCAP Lifetime Achievement Award in Folk Music. A few days later, he received three Wammies (Washington, DC, Area Music Awards); as Best Male Vocalist in the \"traditional folk\" and \"children's music\" categories, and for Best Traditional Folk Recording of the Year for \"Under American Skies\" (2001). Paxton has been nominated four times for Grammy Awards, all since 2002. He was first nominated in 2002 for his children's album, Your Shoes, My Shoes. The following year, Looking for the Moon received a 2003 nomination for \"Best Contemporary Folk Album\". Live In The UK (2005), received a 2006 Grammy nomination in the \"Best Traditional Folk Album\" category. Most recently, his 2008 album Comedians and Angels received a 2009 nomination, also in the \"Best Traditional Folk Album\" category. Paxton was honored with a 2009 Lifetime Achievement Award from the Recording Academy, and the formal announcement was made during the 51st Annual Grammy Awards telecast, which aired on February 8, 2009. In 2004, the Martin Guitar Company introduced the HD-40LSH Tom Paxton Signature Edition acoustic guitar in his honor. In 2005, Paxton received a Lifetime Achievement Award for Songwriting at BBC Radio 2's Folk Awards at London's Brewery Arts Centre. In 2006, Paxton received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the North American Folk Music and Dance Alliance. On January 22, 2007, Paxton was honored with an official Parliamentary tribute at the House of Commons of the United Kingdom at the start of his 2007 UK tour. On May 3, 2008, Paxton was honored with a special lifetime tribute from the World Folk Music Association, and a concert was held at the Rachel M. Schlesinger Concert Hall and Arts Center at Northern Virginia Community College, Alexandria Campus, in Alexandria, Virginia.", "Tom Paxton discography Tom Paxton (born October 31, 1937) is an American folk singer-songwriter who has had a music career spanning for more than fifty years. In 2009, Paxton received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. He is noteworthy as a music educator as well as an advocate for folk singers to combine traditional songs with new compositions. Paxton's songs have been featured in the following movies: \"A Time for Burning\" (1966), \"Jennifer on My Mind\" (1971), \"Demolition Man\" (1993), \"The Family Man\" (2000), \"North Country\" (2005), and \"Spike\" (2008). Paxton's song \"Going to the Zoo\" was included in an episode of \"Monty Python's Flying Circus\" entitled \"\" (Season 1, episode 13; aired January 11, 1970; recorded January 4, 1970). \"Going to the Zoo\" was also featured on an episode of \"Sharon, Lois & Bram's Elephant Show\" entitled \"Zoo\" (Season 1, Episode 9; aired, November 5, 1984). His song \"Lyndon Johnson Told the Nation\" was included in an episode of \"American Experience\" entitled \"LBJ\" (1991). \" The Last Thing on My Mind\" was included on Bravo Profiles \"Dolly Parton: Diamond in a Rhinestone World\" (aired September 6, 1999). A brief clip of Paxton was shown during the 51st Grammy Awards telecast on February 8, 2009, which announced his Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. He contributed original music for the short drama \"The Price of Art\" (2007; released June 5, 2009). Paxton's songs have been recorded by (among others):", "Redemption Road (album) Redemption Road is the sixty-first album by American folk singer-songwriter Tom Paxton, released in March 2015. Over a period of 60 days, from 30 July 2014 to 28 September 2014, Tom Paxton called on Kickstarter's services in order to finance his new studio album, collecting a $32,177 pledge (of $20,000 goal) from 552 backers. Though the album was not officially released until 10 March 2015, it was actually recorded in 2014, and can be fully streamed on Tom's official SoundCloud page since 6 January 2015. All songs by Tom Paxton unless otherwise noted."], "answer": {"text": "Best Traditional Folk Recording of the Year for \"Under American Skies\" (", "answer_start": 266}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Has Tom Paxton won any prestigeous awards?", "answer": {"text": "A few days later, he received three Wammies", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he receive those awards for?", "answer": {"text": "Best Male Vocalist in the \"traditional folk\" and \"children's music\"", "answer_start": 178, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_15e19190918545cf9dd79d03af6b127a_0_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Aside from winning awards, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["VideoGamer.com's Wesley Yin-Poole called his relationship with Lightning and Hope, and the way he coped with Serah's fate, one of the most interesting aspects of the original game. Aside from his appearance in the \"XIII\" games, the character was featured in the rhythm game \"Theatrhythm Final Fantasy\" as a subcharacter representing \"Final Fantasy XIII\", and his outfit from that game was featured as an optional character costume in \"\" along with Lightning's Guardian Corps uniform. Snow is voiced by Troy Baker in English and by Daisuke Ono in Japanese. is a 14-year-old boy who is an exile at the start of \"Final Fantasy XIII\". At the beginning of the game, Hope and his mother Nora, on vacation in the town of Bodhum, are selected for the Purge. Under Snow's leadership, Nora joins the resistance in the Hanging Edge, but falls to her death during the battle while trying to protect Hope and after saving Snow's life, which angers Hope greatly. After he becomes a l'Cie, and being separated from the main party, Hope follows Lightning to \"toughen up\" while plotting his assassination attempt on Snow for revenge. Despite Lightning's objections, Hope tries to kill Snow once he gets him alone, but after coming to the realization that he had just been blaming Snow to cope with his mother's death, they settle their differences. When Hope returns home to his father, Bartholomew, he tells him what happened to Nora and repairs their relationship. When on Gran Pulse, he tells the others to leave him, afraid they will get hurt because of him, but inadvertently summons his Eidolon Alexander.", "Out of this combination, and with the Cole brothers' focus on original songwriting came 'Quill', which was then signed as a group to Amphion Management. The band spent 1967, 1968 and 1969 regularly playing rock venues in Boston, Providence, and New York, as well as many other smaller markets around the Northeast. Though Quill rarely played outside of their region, the show made it as far west as Aspen, Colorado. Though most often headlining in smaller clubs, where Quill gained a very loyal following, the group also played in a number of much larger venues, opening for such international acts as The Jeff Beck Group, The Who, The Kinks, Deep Purple, Buddy Guy, Blue Cheer, Sly and the Family Stone, Grateful Dead, and Janis Joplin. It even opened for comedian Steve Martin in one of the interesting pairings in Quill lore. In addition. Quill was featured on several local TV shows in Boston and the Midwest, and was highlighted by the music press on numerous occasions for its originality and creativity. An early summer '69 appearance at Steve Paul's Scene in New York City resulted in Quill being invited to play at the Woodstock Festival. That night at the club also featured the first introduction of Johnny Winter to the NYC record industry crowd. The night ended finding Jimi Hendrix and Stephen Stills joining Johnny and members of Quill for a late jam. Aside from the basic roles of each member of the band, one of the interesting aspects of the band was its ability to mount a variety of instrumental and vocal configurations to play specific songs. Considered by many to be among the best technical and most creative rock drummers of that era, Roger North anchored the band on the drums and percussion. The other members of the band would often switch instruments to create different sounds and effects.", "that manifested the ideals of the Brazilian Black Movement. Their purpose was to unite the Afro-Brazilians affected by the oppressive government and politically organize so that there could be lasting change among their community. Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea's success has continued ever since and their numbers have grown into the thousands. Even today, the black only bloco continues to exclude others because of their skin color. They do this by advertising exclusive parties and benefits for members, as well as physically shunning and pushing you away if you try to include yourself. Though the media has called it \u2018racist\u2019, to a large degree the black-only \"bloco\" has become one of the most interesting aspects of Salvador's Carnaval and is continuously accepted as a way of life. Combined with the influence of Olodum in Salvador, musical protest and representation as a product of slavery and black consciousness has slowly grown into a more powerful force. Musical representation of problems and issues have long been part of Brazil's history, and Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea and Olodum both produce creative ways to remain relevant and popular. Slavery as an institution in Brazil was unrivaled in all of the Americas. The sheer number of African slaves brought to Brazil and moved around South America greatly influenced the entirety of the Americas. Indigenous groups, Portuguese colonists, and African slaves all contributed to the melting pot that has created Brazil. The mixture of African religions that survived throughout slavery and Catholicism, Candombl\u00e9, has created some of the most interesting and diverse cultural aspects. In Bahia, statues of African gods called Orishas pay homage to the unique African presence in the nation's largest Afro-Brazilian state. Not only are these Orishas direct links to their past ancestry, but also reminders to the cultures the Brazilian people come from. Condombl\u00e9 and the Orishas serve as an ever-present reminder that African slaves were brought to Brazil.", "Ross Bonaime of \"Paste\" gave the episode a 6 out of 10 rating and wrote \"\"Person of Interest\" does genuinely have interesting aspects to its story. But all those take place in flashbacks, while the show wants to spend a majority of its time in the present, which to put it simply, is pretty boring. If \"Person of Interest\" can focus on the mystery of the show, the build up to the meeting of Reese and Finch and their relationship, the show could go some great places. But as for right now, \"Person of Interest\" seems content in being not that interesting.\" Morgan Jeffery of \"Digital Spy\" wrote \"Got to love the stylish \"Person of Interest\" title sequence introduced with this episode, featuring a moody voice-over from Michael Emerson. The flashbacks are a nice addition to the 'A' story this week - we get an intriguing glimpse into Finch's past and it'll be interesting to see how the story arc involving his deceased partner develops.\" Luke Gelineau of \"TV Equals\" wrote \"The second episode, in many ways, is the most important episode for shows like this. The pilot lays out the rules, introduces the characters and their motivations, and tells us what the parameters of the show will be. The second episode, 'Ghosts', is an indicator of what kind of show this is really going to be. Not every episode can be like the pilot and introduce so many new dynamics, so we now get to see what we\u2019ll be getting for the rest of the series. \" Sean McKenna of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode a 4.2 star rating out of 5 and wrote \"All in all, this episode was a solid outing that continued to establish the tone and feel for the story and its characters. It's looking to be one interesting and action packed ride.\"", "Bastian Clev\u00e9 Bastian Clev\u00e9, born 1 January 1950 in Munich, is a German filmmaker and producer. He is Professor and Head of the Film Production-Department at the Film Academy Baden-Wuerttemberg in Ludwigsburg, Germany. Clev\u00e9 grew up in Hamburg. After a two-year stint as sound-assistant at the TV-studios in Munich he studied \"Visual Communication\" in Hamburg at the Hochschule f\u00fcr bildende K\u00fcnste Hamburg (University of Fine Arts of Hamburg) where he continued filmmaking and started winning awards. In 1975/76 he was awarded a one-year scholarship by the German Academic Exchange Service \"DAAD\" to study at the San Francisco Art Institute. He was touring with his experimental short films throughout the continent. After a brief return to Germany he relocated to Los Angeles in 1979 where he worked as a freelance writer, director and producer. In 1991 he returned to Germany to become Professor and Head of the Department for \u201cFilm Production and the Business of Entertainment\u201d at the newly established Film Academy Baden-Wuerttemberg, in charge of the training program and the curriculum for motion-picture- and TV-producers. Clev\u00e9 wrote and edited more than two dozens books on filmmaking and film production. He is married with a daughter. Clev\u00e9 started personal filmmaking in 1969 with short-films progressing into feature-lengths works. He sustained his efforts by winning awards and by touring and lecturing extensively throughout the world. Upon moving to Los Angeles he focused on the commercial side of filmmaking by picking up the craft of producing. He continued both his artistic and commercial filmmaking later on throughout his professorship in Germany."], "answer": {"text": "Paxton has been nominated four times for Grammy Awards,", "answer_start": 345}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Has Tom Paxton won any prestigeous awards?", "answer": {"text": "A few days later, he received three Wammies", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he receive those awards for?", "answer": {"text": "Best Male Vocalist in the \"traditional folk\" and \"children's music\"", "answer_start": 178, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any other awards?", "answer": {"text": "Best Traditional Folk Recording of the Year for \"Under American Skies\" (", "answer_start": 266, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_15e19190918545cf9dd79d03af6b127a_0_q#5", "question": "What else did he get a grammy for?", "rewrite": "What other shows aside from \"dont' know\" did Tom Paxton get a grammy for?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Town Crier (newspaper) The Town Crier if a group of Toronto-based community newspapers now published by Streeter Publications. The newspapers are distributed in six editions to six communities throughout the city of Toronto. Started in 1978 by Harry Goldhar, a \"Toronto Star\" journalist, the \"Town Crier\" group has changed owners and titles over the years. Dan Iannuzzi was the owner of the \"Town Crier\" from 2001 until his death in November 2004. Iannuzzi\u2019s company bought the \"Town Crier\" newspapers in 2001 from Beaches resident Julie Morris, who had previously acquired them from Leaside residents Harry and Ruth Goldhar who had founded the papers with an East York-based edition in 1978. By the time of Iannuzzi's death the papers had expanded to nine editions that covered an area of over 287,000 homes and nearly a million residents in Toronto. \"Town Crier\" published nine editions serving the Toronto neighbourhoods of Bayview Mills, Beach-South Riverdale, Riverdale-East York, Bloor West, Forest Hill, Leaside-Rosedale, North Toronto, North York and MidTown.. The chain indefinitely suspended publication in May 2013, along with sister papers \"Corriere Canadese\", \"Vaughan Today\" and several other publications after parent company Multimedia Nova went into receivership. Former \"Town Crier\" staff members bought the publications and three of the papers were relaunched in September 2013. As of February 2015, six papers are published monthly and biweekly: \"Central Toronto Town Crier, Forest Hill Town Crier, Leaside Town Crier, North Toronto Town Crier, North Toronto East Town Crier,\" and \"North Toronto West Town Crier.\"", "Ramblin' Boy Ramblin' Boy is the debut album by American folk singer-songwriter Tom Paxton, released in 1964. \"Ramblin' Boy\" is referred to as Paxton's debut album, since it was his first album released on a major record label (Elektra Records), although he had previously released a live album recorded at The Gaslight Cafe in Greenwich Village entitled, \"I'm the Man That Built the Bridges\" (which was released on the small Gaslight label in 1962). Three songs from \"Ramblin' Boy\" were frequently covered by other artists \u2013 the title song, \"I Can't Help But Wonder Where I'm Bound\" and \"The Last Thing on My Mind\". The latter song remains one of Paxton's most well-known compositions. Music critic Steven Leggett of Allmusic commented in his review that the album sounds \"rather dated these days\" due to the topical issues of the songs. He also writes: \"What keeps 'Ramblin' Boy' from being just another period piece from the 1960s are a trio of songs in which Paxton swings away from trying to be relevant and brings a kind of restless and romantic self-analysis to the table. ' The Last Thing on My Mind', 'Ramblin' Boy', and 'I Can't Help But Wonder Where I'm Bound' all exhibit a classic, timeless appeal simply because they work to the positive side of emotional ennui. \" All songs by Tom Paxton unless otherwise noted.", "Redemption Road (album) Redemption Road is the sixty-first album by American folk singer-songwriter Tom Paxton, released in March 2015. Over a period of 60 days, from 30 July 2014 to 28 September 2014, Tom Paxton called on Kickstarter's services in order to finance his new studio album, collecting a $32,177 pledge (of $20,000 goal) from 552 backers. Though the album was not officially released until 10 March 2015, it was actually recorded in 2014, and can be fully streamed on Tom's official SoundCloud page since 6 January 2015. All songs by Tom Paxton unless otherwise noted.", "Tom Paxton discography Tom Paxton (born October 31, 1937) is an American folk singer-songwriter who has had a music career spanning for more than fifty years. In 2009, Paxton received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. He is noteworthy as a music educator as well as an advocate for folk singers to combine traditional songs with new compositions. Paxton's songs have been featured in the following movies: \"A Time for Burning\" (1966), \"Jennifer on My Mind\" (1971), \"Demolition Man\" (1993), \"The Family Man\" (2000), \"North Country\" (2005), and \"Spike\" (2008). Paxton's song \"Going to the Zoo\" was included in an episode of \"Monty Python's Flying Circus\" entitled \"\" (Season 1, episode 13; aired January 11, 1970; recorded January 4, 1970). \"Going to the Zoo\" was also featured on an episode of \"Sharon, Lois & Bram's Elephant Show\" entitled \"Zoo\" (Season 1, Episode 9; aired, November 5, 1984). His song \"Lyndon Johnson Told the Nation\" was included in an episode of \"American Experience\" entitled \"LBJ\" (1991). \" The Last Thing on My Mind\" was included on Bravo Profiles \"Dolly Parton: Diamond in a Rhinestone World\" (aired September 6, 1999). A brief clip of Paxton was shown during the 51st Grammy Awards telecast on February 8, 2009, which announced his Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. He contributed original music for the short drama \"The Price of Art\" (2007; released June 5, 2009). Paxton's songs have been recorded by (among others):", "In February 2002, Paxton was honored with the ASCAP Lifetime Achievement Award in Folk Music. A few days later, he received three Wammies (Washington, DC, Area Music Awards); as Best Male Vocalist in the \"traditional folk\" and \"children's music\" categories, and for Best Traditional Folk Recording of the Year for \"Under American Skies\" (2001). Paxton has been nominated four times for Grammy Awards, all since 2002. He was first nominated in 2002 for his children's album, Your Shoes, My Shoes. The following year, Looking for the Moon received a 2003 nomination for \"Best Contemporary Folk Album\". Live In The UK (2005), received a 2006 Grammy nomination in the \"Best Traditional Folk Album\" category. Most recently, his 2008 album Comedians and Angels received a 2009 nomination, also in the \"Best Traditional Folk Album\" category. Paxton was honored with a 2009 Lifetime Achievement Award from the Recording Academy, and the formal announcement was made during the 51st Annual Grammy Awards telecast, which aired on February 8, 2009. In 2004, the Martin Guitar Company introduced the HD-40LSH Tom Paxton Signature Edition acoustic guitar in his honor. In 2005, Paxton received a Lifetime Achievement Award for Songwriting at BBC Radio 2's Folk Awards at London's Brewery Arts Centre. In 2006, Paxton received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the North American Folk Music and Dance Alliance. On January 22, 2007, Paxton was honored with an official Parliamentary tribute at the House of Commons of the United Kingdom at the start of his 2007 UK tour. On May 3, 2008, Paxton was honored with a special lifetime tribute from the World Folk Music Association, and a concert was held at the Rachel M. Schlesinger Concert Hall and Arts Center at Northern Virginia Community College, Alexandria Campus, in Alexandria, Virginia."], "answer": {"text": "Looking for the Moon received a 2003 nomination", "answer_start": 516}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Has Tom Paxton won any prestigeous awards?", "answer": {"text": "A few days later, he received three Wammies", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he receive those awards for?", "answer": {"text": "Best Male Vocalist in the \"traditional folk\" and \"children's music\"", "answer_start": 178, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any other awards?", "answer": {"text": "Best Traditional Folk Recording of the Year for \"Under American Skies\" (", "answer_start": 266, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Paxton has been nominated four times for Grammy Awards,", "answer_start": 345, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he win Grammy's for?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d5e9a739dded440da2c0250727dc57f8_1_q#0", "question": "When were the Pixies made?", "rewrite": "When were the Pixies made?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On June 14, 2013, Pixies announced that Deal had left the band. Deal has since released new solo music and the remaining Pixies have welcomed her to come back as her schedule with Breeders allows. Two weeks later, the band released a new song, \"Bagboy\", as a free download via Pixies website. The song features Jeremy Dubs of Bunnies and formerly of the Bennies on vocals in place of Deal. On July 1, 2013, Pixies announced the addition of Muffs and Pandoras guitarist and vocalist Kim Shattuck to replace Deal for their 2013 European tour. On September 3, 2013, Pixies released an EP of new songs titled \"EP1\". On November 29, 2013, Shattuck announced that she had been dismissed from the band that day. In December 2013, it was announced that The Entrance Band and A Perfect Circle bassist Paz Lenchantin was joining Pixies for the 2014 tour. More new material surfaced when Pixies released their second EP, \"EP2\", on January 3, 2014. The single released to radio was \"Blue Eyed Hexe\". Another new EP, \"EP3\", was released on March 24, 2014. All the EPs were only available as downloads and limited edition vinyl. The three EPs were collected in LP format and released as the album \"Indie Cindy\" in April 2014. The album was the first release from the band in over two decades, the last being \"Trompe le Monde\" in 1991. In 2015, Pixies toured in support of Robert Plant for a series of dates across North America. On July 6, 2016, Pixies announced that Lenchantin was now a permanent member of the band. Their sixth album, \"Head Carrier\", was released on September 30, 2016.", "In older Westcountry dialect modern Received Pronunciation letter pairs are sometimes transposed from the older Saxon spelling (\"waps\" for wasp, \"aks\" for ask and so on) resulting in \"piskies\" in place of modern \"piksies\" (pixies) as still commonly found in Devon and Cornwall to modern times. Until the advent of more modern fiction, pixie mythology was localised to Britain. Some have noted similarities to \"northern fairies\", Germanic and Scandinavian elves, or Tomte but pixies are distinguished from them by the myths and stories of Devon and Cornwall. Before the mid-19th century, pixies and fairies were taken seriously in much of Cornwall and Devon. Books devoted to the homely beliefs of the peasantry are filled with incidents of pixie manifestations. Some locales are named for the pixies associated with them. In Devon, near Challacombe, a group of rocks are named after the pixies said to dwell there. At Trevose Head in Cornwall, 600 pixies were said to have gathered dancing and laughing in a circle that had appeared upon the turf until one of their number, named Omfra, lost his laugh. After searching amongst the barrows of the ancient kings of Cornwall on St Breock Downs, he wades through the bottomless Dozmary Pool on Bodmin Moor until his laugh is restored by King Arthur in the form of a Chough. In some areas belief in pixies and fairies as real beings persists. In the legends associated with Dartmoor, pixies (or piskeys) are said to disguise themselves as a bundle of rags to lure children into their play. The pixies of Dartmoor are fond of music and dancing and for riding on Dartmoor colts.", "The group was ultimately not given a spot on the show. A 90-minute documentary called \"loudQUIETloud: a film about the Pixies\" directed by Steven Cantor and Matthew Galkin was released in 2006. The film documents their 2004 reunion and tour, and covers the years after the break-up. In addition to \"Pixies\" and \"LoudQUIETloud\", four other Pixies' DVDs were released between 2004 and 2006, all featuring concert performances: \"Live at the Town and Country Club 1988\", \"The Pixies\u2014Sell Out\", \"The Pixies Acoustic: Live in Newport\", and \"The Pixies Club Date: Live at the Paradise in Boston\". Pixies were ranked number 81 on VH1's \"100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock\". In 2013, Sean T. Rayburn, founder of PixiesMusic.com and friend to the band, launched a Kickstarter campaign to fund the release of \"PIXIES: A Visual History, Volume 1\", a limited edition hardcover, coffee-table size book, featuring hundreds of never-before-seen photos of the band. The Kickstarter edition of the book was limited to 3,500 numbered copies, all signed by Rayburn and Pixies singer Black Francis. Approximately one-quarter of these were also signed by designer Aaron Tanner. \" A Visual History\" went on to win several gold and silver publishing awards.", "It became a kind of new pop formula and, within a short while, \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was charging up the charts and even the members of Nirvana said later that it sounded for all the world like a Pixies song. Sonically, Pixies are credited with popularizing the extreme dynamics and stop-start timing that would become widespread in alternative rock; Pixies songs typically feature hushed, restrained verses, and explosive, wailing choruses. Artists including David Bowie, Matt Noveskey, Radiohead, PJ Harvey, U2, Nirvana, The Strokes, Alice in Chains, Weezer, Bush, Arcade Fire, Pavement, Everclear, Kings of Leon and Matthew Good have cited admiration of or influence by Pixies. Bono of U2 has called Pixies \"one of America's greatest bands ever\", and Radiohead's Thom Yorke said that Pixies \"changed my life\". Bowie, whose own music had inspired Francis and Santiago while they were at university, has said that the Pixies made \"just about the most compelling music of the entire 80s. \" One notable citation as an influence was by Kurt Cobain, on influencing Nirvana's \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\", which he admitted was a conscious attempt to co-opt Pixies' style. In a January 1994 interview with \"Rolling Stone\", he said, \"I was trying to write the ultimate pop song. I was basically trying to rip off the Pixies. I have to admit it [smiles]. When I heard the Pixies for the first time, I connected with that band so heavily I should have been in that band\u2014or at least in a Pixies cover band. We used their sense of dynamics, being soft and quiet and then loud and hard.\"", "This seems to be a cross-over from fairy mythology and not originally attached to pixies; in 1850, Thomas Keightley observed that much of Devon pixie mythology may have originated from fairy myth. Pixies are said to reward consideration and punish neglect on the part of larger humans, for which Keightley gives examples. By their presence they bring blessings to those who are fond of them. Pixies are drawn to horses, riding them for pleasure and making tangled ringlets in the manes of those horses they ride. They are \"great explorers familiar with the caves of the ocean, the hidden sources of the streams and the recesses of the land.\" Some find pixies to have a human origin or to \"partake of human nature\", in distinction to fairies whose mythology is traced to immaterial and malignant spirit forces. In some discussions pixies are presented as wingless, pygmy-like creatures, however this is probably a later accretion to the mythology. One British scholar stated his belief that \"Pixies were evidently a smaller race, and, from the greater obscurity of the ... tales about them, I believe them to have been an earlier race.\" Many Victorian-era poets saw them as magical beings. An example is Samuel Minturn Peck; in his poem \"The Pixies\" he writes: The late 19th-century English poet Nora Chesson summarised pixie mythology fairly well in a poem entitled \"The Pixies\". She gathered all the speculations and myths into verse: She touches on all the essentials, including even more modern accretions. Pixies are \"in-between\", not cursed by God or especially blessed. They do the unexpected, they bless the land, and are forest creatures whom other wild creatures find alluring and non-threatening."], "answer": {"text": "In January 1986, Thompson formed the Pixies with Santiago.", "answer_start": 254}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d5e9a739dded440da2c0250727dc57f8_1_q#1", "question": "What was their first album?", "rewrite": "What was the Pixies' first album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The group was ultimately not given a spot on the show. A 90-minute documentary called \"loudQUIETloud: a film about the Pixies\" directed by Steven Cantor and Matthew Galkin was released in 2006. The film documents their 2004 reunion and tour, and covers the years after the break-up. In addition to \"Pixies\" and \"LoudQUIETloud\", four other Pixies' DVDs were released between 2004 and 2006, all featuring concert performances: \"Live at the Town and Country Club 1988\", \"The Pixies\u2014Sell Out\", \"The Pixies Acoustic: Live in Newport\", and \"The Pixies Club Date: Live at the Paradise in Boston\". Pixies were ranked number 81 on VH1's \"100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock\". In 2013, Sean T. Rayburn, founder of PixiesMusic.com and friend to the band, launched a Kickstarter campaign to fund the release of \"PIXIES: A Visual History, Volume 1\", a limited edition hardcover, coffee-table size book, featuring hundreds of never-before-seen photos of the band. The Kickstarter edition of the book was limited to 3,500 numbered copies, all signed by Rayburn and Pixies singer Black Francis. Approximately one-quarter of these were also signed by designer Aaron Tanner. \" A Visual History\" went on to win several gold and silver publishing awards.", "It became a kind of new pop formula and, within a short while, \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was charging up the charts and even the members of Nirvana said later that it sounded for all the world like a Pixies song. Sonically, Pixies are credited with popularizing the extreme dynamics and stop-start timing that would become widespread in alternative rock; Pixies songs typically feature hushed, restrained verses, and explosive, wailing choruses. Artists including David Bowie, Matt Noveskey, Radiohead, PJ Harvey, U2, Nirvana, The Strokes, Alice in Chains, Weezer, Bush, Arcade Fire, Pavement, Everclear, Kings of Leon and Matthew Good have cited admiration of or influence by Pixies. Bono of U2 has called Pixies \"one of America's greatest bands ever\", and Radiohead's Thom Yorke said that Pixies \"changed my life\". Bowie, whose own music had inspired Francis and Santiago while they were at university, has said that the Pixies made \"just about the most compelling music of the entire 80s. \" One notable citation as an influence was by Kurt Cobain, on influencing Nirvana's \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\", which he admitted was a conscious attempt to co-opt Pixies' style. In a January 1994 interview with \"Rolling Stone\", he said, \"I was trying to write the ultimate pop song. I was basically trying to rip off the Pixies. I have to admit it [smiles]. When I heard the Pixies for the first time, I connected with that band so heavily I should have been in that band\u2014or at least in a Pixies cover band. We used their sense of dynamics, being soft and quiet and then loud and hard.\"", "This seems to be a cross-over from fairy mythology and not originally attached to pixies; in 1850, Thomas Keightley observed that much of Devon pixie mythology may have originated from fairy myth. Pixies are said to reward consideration and punish neglect on the part of larger humans, for which Keightley gives examples. By their presence they bring blessings to those who are fond of them. Pixies are drawn to horses, riding them for pleasure and making tangled ringlets in the manes of those horses they ride. They are \"great explorers familiar with the caves of the ocean, the hidden sources of the streams and the recesses of the land.\" Some find pixies to have a human origin or to \"partake of human nature\", in distinction to fairies whose mythology is traced to immaterial and malignant spirit forces. In some discussions pixies are presented as wingless, pygmy-like creatures, however this is probably a later accretion to the mythology. One British scholar stated his belief that \"Pixies were evidently a smaller race, and, from the greater obscurity of the ... tales about them, I believe them to have been an earlier race.\" Many Victorian-era poets saw them as magical beings. An example is Samuel Minturn Peck; in his poem \"The Pixies\" he writes: The late 19th-century English poet Nora Chesson summarised pixie mythology fairly well in a poem entitled \"The Pixies\". She gathered all the speculations and myths into verse: She touches on all the essentials, including even more modern accretions. Pixies are \"in-between\", not cursed by God or especially blessed. They do the unexpected, they bless the land, and are forest creatures whom other wild creatures find alluring and non-threatening.", "On June 14, 2013, Pixies announced that Deal had left the band. Deal has since released new solo music and the remaining Pixies have welcomed her to come back as her schedule with Breeders allows. Two weeks later, the band released a new song, \"Bagboy\", as a free download via Pixies website. The song features Jeremy Dubs of Bunnies and formerly of the Bennies on vocals in place of Deal. On July 1, 2013, Pixies announced the addition of Muffs and Pandoras guitarist and vocalist Kim Shattuck to replace Deal for their 2013 European tour. On September 3, 2013, Pixies released an EP of new songs titled \"EP1\". On November 29, 2013, Shattuck announced that she had been dismissed from the band that day. In December 2013, it was announced that The Entrance Band and A Perfect Circle bassist Paz Lenchantin was joining Pixies for the 2014 tour. More new material surfaced when Pixies released their second EP, \"EP2\", on January 3, 2014. The single released to radio was \"Blue Eyed Hexe\". Another new EP, \"EP3\", was released on March 24, 2014. All the EPs were only available as downloads and limited edition vinyl. The three EPs were collected in LP format and released as the album \"Indie Cindy\" in April 2014. The album was the first release from the band in over two decades, the last being \"Trompe le Monde\" in 1991. In 2015, Pixies toured in support of Robert Plant for a series of dates across North America. On July 6, 2016, Pixies announced that Lenchantin was now a permanent member of the band. Their sixth album, \"Head Carrier\", was released on September 30, 2016.", "Fool the World: The Oral History of a Band Called Pixies Fool the World: The Oral History of a Band Called Pixies is a 2005 book by Josh Frank and Caryn Ganz about the American alternative rock band Pixies. The book, written as an oral history, covers the career of the band from their inception, to their breakup in 1993 and eventual reunion in 2004. \"Fool the World\" features interviews and recollections from a range of characters involved with the band, including \"Surfer Rosa\" producer Steve Albini, Kim Deal's twin sister Kelley Deal and 4AD co-founder Ivo Watts-Russell, as well as each member of the band. The book's name, \"Fool the World\", is the English translation of the title of Pixies' 1991 album, \"Trompe le Monde\". It is published by Virgin Books in the United Kingdom and St. Martin's Griffin in the United States. The book's foreword is written by Chas Banks, Pixies' European tour manager. The book includes a selected discography, along with a \"Fun Facts\" chapter, which includes information about references to Pixies in popular culture and released Pixies covers. \"Fool the World\" was originally written as a musical by Frank, until it was suggested that he compile all his material into \"one big, fat book\". As a result, sections of the book are named after musical terms, such as \"Cast of Characters\", \"Acts\" and \"Encore\". The book is split into three acts, \"Boston\", \"U.S. vs. UK\" and \"Le Monde\", with an encore. The act is named after Pixies' 1991 album \"Trompe le Monde\", and covers the album, along with their 1992 supporting tour with U2."], "answer": {"text": "In 1987, the Pixies released an 18-track demo tape, commonly referred to as The Purple Tape.", "answer_start": 561}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When were the Pixies made?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1986, Thompson formed the Pixies with Santiago.", "answer_start": 254, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d5e9a739dded440da2c0250727dc57f8_1_q#3", "question": "Was that demo album popular?", "rewrite": "Was The Purple Tape demo album by The Pixies popular?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Following their highly regarded but commercially unsuccessful 1988 album \"Surfer Rosa\", the band embarked on a European tour with fellow Bostonians Throwing Muses, before beginning a tour of North American states. During this time Black Francis, the group's frontman and principal songwriter, began to write new material for a future album, with songs such as \"Dead\", \"Hey\", \"Tame\", and \"There Goes My Gun\" emerging through the course of the year. Versions of the newly composed songs were recorded during several sessions for John Peel's radio show in 1988, while a live recording of \"Hey\" appeared on a free EP circulated with a 1988 edition of \"Sounds\". In mid-1988, the Pixies began to record demo sessions while on breaks from touring. The band headed to the Boston recording studio Eden Sound, which at the time comprised a small room in the basement of a hair salon. They recorded at the studio for a week, in circumstances similar to the previous year's the Purple Tape sessions. Francis gave the demo tape and upcoming album the provisional title of \"Whore\", though he later claimed his natural father had originally suggested the name. Francis has clarified that he was thinking of the word \"in the more traditional sense ... the operatic, biblical sense, ... as in the great whore of Babylon\". After completing the demo tape, band manager Ken Goes suggested two producers for the album; Liverpudlian Gil Norton and American Ed Stasium. The band had previously worked with Norton while recording the single version of \"Gigantic\" in May 1988. Francis had no preference, although Ivo Watts-Russell, head of the band's label 4AD, wanted Norton to produce the Pixies' next album. He was hired as producer, with Stasium not even approached for the position.", "Pixies (EP) Pixies is a 2002 EP release of the (mostly) previously unissued material from Pixies' original 17-track demo tape (known to Pixies aficionados as \"The Purple Tape\"), recorded at Fort Apache Studios in March 1987 by Gary Smith. Eight of the tracks from the session were released in 1987 as the band's debut, \"Come On Pilgrim\" and the remaining nine were sourced for this release by SpinART Records in the U.S. and Sonic Unyon Records in Canada. All songs written by Black Francis, except \"In Heaven\" by Peter Ivers. The \"Purple Tape\" was a demo that the band recorded in three days during their first studio session in 1987. The track listing is as follows: \u2020 Appeared on the band's debut EP, \"Come On Pilgrim\". \"Down to the Well\" and \"Rock a My Soul\" from this session have been previously released on the \"Sounds Waves 3\" EP, which was given away with \"Sounds\" magazine sometime in 1988. Several of the tracks on the tape appeared in later albums (albeit rerecorded), such as \"I'm Amazed\", \"Broken Face\", and \"Break My Body\" on \"Surfer Rosa\", \"Here Comes Your Man\" on \"Doolittle\", a live version of \" In Heaven\" on the single for \"Gigantic\", \"Down to the Well\" on \"Bossanova\", \"Build High\" on the single for Planet of Sound, and a revised \"Subbacultcha\" on \"Trompe Le Monde\". A studio recording of the cover of \"In Heaven (Lady in the Radiator Song)\", from the surrealist David Lynch film \"Eraserhead\", features on the demo.", "Surfer Rosa Surfer Rosa is the debut studio album by the American alternative rock band Pixies, released in March 1988 on the British label 4AD. It was produced by Steve Albini. \"Surfer Rosa\" contains many of the elements of Pixies' earlier output, including Spanish lyrics and references to Puerto Rico. It includes references to mutilation and voyeurism alongside experimental recording techniques and a distinctive drum sound. As 4AD was an independent label, distribution in the United States was handled by British label Rough Trade Records; however, it failed to chart in either country. Only one single was released, a rerecorded version of \"Gigantic\", and reached number 93 on the UK Singles Chart. \" Surfer Rosa\" was rereleased in the US by Elektra Records in 1992, and in 2005 was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. \"Surfer Rosa\" is often included on critics' lists of the best rock albums. Alternative rock artists including Billy Corgan and PJ Harvey have cited it as an inspiration; it was an influence on Nirvana's 1991 album \"Nevermind\", and the band hired Albini to record their 1993 album \"In Utero\". Before the release of Pixies' debut mini-album \"Come On Pilgrim\" in October 1987, Ivo Watts-Russell, head of 4AD, suggested they return to the studio to record a full-length album. The original plan was to record new material at Fort Apache Studios, where the band had produced \"The Purple Tape\" and \"Come On Pilgrim\". However, due to differences between the band's manager Ken Goes and \"The Purple Tape\" producer Gary Smith, Pixies ended up looking for a new producer and recording studio.", "Come On Pilgrim Come On Pilgrim is the debut mini-LP release by the American alternative rock band Pixies. Produced by Gary Smith, the album was released in September 1987 by 4AD. In March 1987, Pixies (Black Francis, guitar/lead vocals ; Kim Deal, bass/vocals; Joey Santiago, guitar; David Lovering, drums), entered Boston's Fort Apache Studios with Fort Apache owner/record producer Gary Smith to record a demo tape. The resulting 17-song cassette, later dubbed \"The Purple Tape\" eventually found its way to Ivo Watts-Russell, president and co-founder of the influential British record label 4AD. Pixies' manager, Ken Goes, was also the manager of Throwing Muses, who had become the first American band to sign to 4AD a year earlier. Despite being initially unimpressed by the demo, Watts-Russell was urged to sign the band by his girlfriend, a secretary for 4AD. After her insistence, he walked the streets of New York listening to The Purple Tape on his Walkman and, in his words, finally \"got it.\" Watts-Russell hand-picked eight of The Purple Tape's 17 songs to make up a debut \"mini album. \" Expressing regret that some other previous 4AD debuts had failed to live up to the power of their demo versions, he decided to slightly re-mix eight of The Purple Tape's 17 songs for release, rather than have the band re-record the songs. Pixies later re-recorded and included eight of the nine remaining Purple Tape tracks over the course of their albums and EP releases. The only song not to be re-recorded and released was \"Rock A My Soul. \"", "Soon after returning to Massachusetts, Thompson dropped out of college, and moved to Boston with Santiago. He spent 1985 working in a warehouse, \"managing buttons on teddy bears,\" composing songs on his acoustic guitar, and writing lyrics on the subway. In January 1986, Thompson formed the Pixies with Santiago. Bassist Kim Deal was recruited a week later via a classified advertisement placed in a Boston paper, which requested a bassist \"into Husker Du and Peter, Paul and Mary.\" Drummer David Lovering was later hired on recommendation from Deal's husband. In 1987, the Pixies released an 18-track demo tape, commonly referred to as The Purple Tape. Thompson's father assisted the band financially, loaning $1,000 in order to record the demo tape; Thompson later said that his father \"wasn't around for a lot of my younger years, so I think he was doing his best to make up for lost time.\" The Purple Tape led to a recording contract with the English independent record label 4AD. For the release of the mini album Come On Pilgrim, Thompson adopted the alias \"Black Francis\", a name inspired by his father: \"he had been saving that name in case he had another son.\" In 1988, the Pixies recorded their debut album Surfer Rosa. Thompson wrote and sang on all the tracks, with the exception of the single \"Gigantic,\" which was co-written and sung by Deal. To support the album, the band undertook a European tour, during which Thompson met Eric Drew Feldman, a later collaborator on Pixies and solo albums. Doolittle, with Thompson-penned songs such as \"Debaser\" and \"Monkey Gone To Heaven,\" was released the following year to widespread critical acclaim."], "answer": {"text": "The Purple Tape led to a recording contract with the English independent record label 4AD. For the release of the mini album Come On Pilgrim,", "answer_start": 894}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When were the Pixies made?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1986, Thompson formed the Pixies with Santiago.", "answer_start": 254, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their first album?", "answer": {"text": "In 1987, the Pixies released an 18-track demo tape, commonly referred to as The Purple Tape.", "answer_start": 561, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their most popular song in the demo?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_975e5025560944348f60fcf04141bec4_0_q#0", "question": "what other pursuits did Guy Lombardo do?", "rewrite": "what other pursuits did Guy Lombardo do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lombardo was also an important figure in hydroplane speedboat racing, winning the Gold Cup in 1946 in his record-breaking speedboat, Tempo VI, designed and built by John L. Hacker. He then went on to win the Ford Memorial competition in 1948 and the President's Cup and the Silver Cup in 1952. From 1946 to 1949, he was the reigning US national champion. Before his retirement from the sport in the late 1950s, he had won every trophy in the field. In 1959 Lombardo was attempting a run on the absolute water speed record with the jet engine powered Tempo Alcoa when it was destroyed on a radio controlled test run doing over 250 miles per hour (400 km/h). After the destruction of the Tempo Alcoa, Lombardo retired from hydroplane racing. In 2002 he was inducted into the Canadian Motorsport Hall of Fame for his accomplishments. Beginning in 1958, Lombardo endorsed the Guy Lombardo Royal Fleet, a line of fiberglass boats manufactured and sold by the United States Boat Corporation of Newark, New Jersey, a division of U.S. Pools Corporation. The boats were manufactured under license from Skagit Plastics of La Conner, Washington. The endeavor was short-lived and ended in 1961 with the closure of Skagit Plastics. In his later years, Lombardo lived in Freeport, Long Island, New York where he kept Tempo, Tempo VI, and Tempo VII (built in 1955). He invested in a nearby seafood restaurant called \"Liota's East Point House\" that eventually became \"Guy Lombardo's East Point House\". Lombardo became promoter and musical director of Jones Beach Marine Theater. The venue was built with him in mind by Robert Moses, a fan of Lombardo. One of Lombardo's productions at Jones Beach was Paradise Island in 1961.", "Kenny Gardner Kenny Gardner (March 20, 1913, Lake View, Iowa \u2013 July 26, 2002, Manhasset, New York) was an American singer for Guy Lombardo's band, the Royal Canadians. Kenneth A. Gardner was born on March 20, 1913 in Lake View, Iowa, the eldest son of Norman and May Chambers Gardner. He had two younger brothers, Robert and Edward. During his teens, Kenny went to Neligh, Nebraska, to live with an aunt and uncle. He attended Creighton University and had part-time jobs at a movie theater and a mortuary. He later moved to California and attended San Diego State College, where he studied engineering. Gardner was singing on radio as early as 1936, when he was among those appearing on an episode of \"California Hour\". In 1946-47, he was the male singer on \"Easy Does It\", a quarter-hour daily daytime variety program on the Mutual Broadcasting System. He joined Guy Lombardo's band in 1940, singing the signature hits , \"Enjoy Yourself, It's Later Than You Think\", and \"Frankie and Johnny\". While in the band, he took time out to serve in World War II, where he was wounded and earned two Purple Hearts. After retiring in 1978, a year after Guy Lombardo died, Gardner became more involved in local activities in the Plandome, New York area. In 1941, he voiced the role of \"Dick\" in the animated comedy film, \"Mr. Bug Goes to Town\". He also sang \"Where Do We Go From Here\" in the film, which was written by Percy Wenrich. Gardner married Guy Lombardo's sister Elaine in 1942. Gardner died on July 26, 2002, at his residence.", "Guy Lombardo hosted 48 straight New Year's Eve broadcasts on CBS until his death in 1977, beginning on radio in 1928 (and for a period, splitting with NBC Radio following midnight ET), and on CBS Television from 1956 to 1976 (which also featured coverage of the ball drop in Times Square). Lombardo was also well known for his band's performance of the song \"Auld Lang Syne\" at midnight, which helped make the standard synonymous with the New Year's holiday in North America. At the time, Dick Clark was well known to viewers as the host of \"American Bandstand\", a music series produced from the studios of Philadelphia television station WFIL-TV (now WPVI-TV) and broadcast by ABC (which itself aired a New Year's Eve special on December 31, 1959). In the 1970s, Clark felt that Guy Lombardo's New Year's specials were outdated and did not appeal well to younger viewers; he believed that only older viewers would be interested in big band music accompanied by \"people dancing cheek-to-jowl in their tuxedos and funny hats.\" In response, he decided to produce a more youthful New Year's Eve special of his own to compete. Clark's new program would be known as \"New Year's Rockin' Eve\", a name chosen to signify the major contrast between his special and the more formal atmosphere of Guy Lombardo's special. The first edition, Three Dog Night's New Year's Rockin' Eve 1973, was aired by NBC on December 31, 1972 and was hosted by the members of the rock band Three Dog Night. The special featured pre-recorded musical performances from the ballroom of the Queen Mary in Long Beach, California by Blood, Sweat & Tears, Helen Reddy, Al Green, and Three Dog Night.", "Carmen Lombardo Carmen Lombardo (July 16, 1903 \u2013 April 17, 1971) was the younger brother of bandleader Guy Lombardo. He was a vocalist and composer. Lombardo was born in London, Ontario, Canada. As a child, he took flute lessons, and later learned to play saxophone. Lombardo's compositions included the 1928 classic \"Sweethearts on Parade\", which was number one for three weeks in 1929 on the U.S. pop charts, \"Ridin' Around in the Rain\", written with Gene Austin in 1934, the jazz and pop standards \"Coquette\", \"Boo Hoo\", and \"Some Rainy Day\", and \"Powder Your Face With Sunshine (Smile, Smile, Smile)\", written with Stanley Rochinski in 1948-49. In 1927, Carmen Lombardo was the vocalist of the 1927 hit record, Charmaine, performed by the Guy Lombardo Orchestra. As a young man played in the Lombardo Brothers Concert Company with Guy on violin and another brother, Lebert, on trumpet or piano. As the band grew, Guy became conductor, and the band developed into The Royal Canadians in 1923, in which Carmen both sang and wrote music. He frequently collaborated with American composers and his music was recorded by Louis Armstrong, Bing Crosby, and others. Many of his compositions have also been used in Woody Allen films. When singing songs like \"Alone at a Table for Two\" he would allow his voice to tremble, and seem nearly to break into tears- he was caricatured in Warner Brothers cartoons as \"Cryman\" Lombardo.", "It's Love-Love-Love \"It's Love, Love, Love\" is a popular song. The music was written by Joan Whitney and Alex Kramer, with lyrics by Mack David, and published in 1943. The song was included in the film \"Stars on Parade\" (1944). The best-known recording was by Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians (vocal by Skip Nelson). It was recorded on January 7, 1944, and released by Decca Records as catalog number 18589. It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on April 6, 1944 and lasted 10 weeks on the chart, peaking at #1. A recording later that same year was released by The King Sisters on Bluebird Records, a subsidiary of RCA Victor, and this too charted with a peak position of #4. Unfortunately, the ubiquitous Guy Lombardo Billboard #1 single recording omits the charming third verse, which is arguably the most amusing in this short, humorous ditty. Sirius XM Forties Junction occasionally plays a recording (such as the RCA Victor Four King Sisters one) that has all three verses performed just as written, but it is rare to hear it, hard to find on YouTube, nor does iTunes offer a recording other than the Guy Lombardo 1944 version. The King Sisters did an admirable job with the song, but they did change up the chorus after the second and third verses, so it is not quite a pure rendition. However, lovers of the song may not object to what the King Sisters did, as it was well done and affected only the refrain, which is long and somewhat repetitive relative to the short verses of the song."], "answer": {"text": "Lombardo was also an important figure in hydroplane speedboat racing,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_975e5025560944348f60fcf04141bec4_0_q#1", "question": "what did he do with that?", "rewrite": "what did Guy Lombardo do with his hydroplane speedboat racing?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Caleb Bragg Caleb Smith Bragg (23 November 1885 \u2013 24 October 1943) was an American racecar driver, speedboat racer, aviation pioneer, and automotive inventor. He participated in the 1911, 1913 and 1914 Indianapolis 500. In speedboat racing, Caleb won three consecutive APBA Challenge Cup races in Detroit from 1923-1925. He was a co-inventor of the Bragg-Kliesrath brake. Bragg was born on November 23, 1885 in Cincinnati, Ohio to Cais C. Bragg and Eugenia Hofer who were wealthy. While at Yale University he became interested in automobile racing. Bragg graduated from Yale in 1908 and took a post-graduate engineering course at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1909. During World War I he became interested in flying airplanes and in 1916 he flew his first solo flight; he later set airplane records for speed and altitude. Bragg developed a braking system with Victor William Kliesrath called the Bragg-Kliesrath brake. They formed a company in 1920 and Ethel Merman was his personal secretary before she became famous. They sold the company to Bendix Corporation in the late 1920s. In speedboat racing, Caleb won three consecutive APBA Challenge Cup races in Detroit from 1923-1925, in 1923 with Packard Chriscraft and the 1924-1925 races with Baby Bootlegger, the 29-foot mahogany wooden speedboat designed for him in 1924 by George Crouch and built by Henry Nevins. Bragg died on 24 October 1943 in New York City, New York.", "Moores has been an important figure in the development of the Canadian C4 and C15 racing canoes, supplying over 85 sprint canoe clubs nationally. He has experimented with solar-powered designs on his 30' fantail launch Sparks and worked on some high-profile restorations, including a hydroplane speedboat, Tempo VII, which had been owned and piloted by Guy Lombardo. A canoe built by Moores was presented as a wedding gift from Canadian prime minister Pierre Trudeau to celebrate the wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana.", "Lombardo was also an important figure in hydroplane speedboat racing, winning the Gold Cup in 1946 in his record-breaking speedboat, Tempo VI, designed and built by John L. Hacker. He then went on to win the Ford Memorial competition in 1948 and the President's Cup and the Silver Cup in 1952. From 1946 to 1949, he was the reigning US national champion. Before his retirement from the sport in the late 1950s, he had won every trophy in the field. In 1959 Lombardo was attempting a run on the absolute water speed record with the jet engine powered Tempo Alcoa when it was destroyed on a radio controlled test run doing over 250 miles per hour (400 km/h). After the destruction of the Tempo Alcoa, Lombardo retired from hydroplane racing. In 2002 he was inducted into the Canadian Motorsport Hall of Fame for his accomplishments. Beginning in 1958, Lombardo endorsed the Guy Lombardo Royal Fleet, a line of fiberglass boats manufactured and sold by the United States Boat Corporation of Newark, New Jersey, a division of U.S. Pools Corporation. The boats were manufactured under license from Skagit Plastics of La Conner, Washington. The endeavor was short-lived and ended in 1961 with the closure of Skagit Plastics. In his later years, Lombardo lived in Freeport, Long Island, New York where he kept Tempo, Tempo VI, and Tempo VII (built in 1955). He invested in a nearby seafood restaurant called \"Liota's East Point House\" that eventually became \"Guy Lombardo's East Point House\". Lombardo became promoter and musical director of Jones Beach Marine Theater. The venue was built with him in mind by Robert Moses, a fan of Lombardo. One of Lombardo's productions at Jones Beach was Paradise Island in 1961.", "Carmen Lombardo Carmen Lombardo (July 16, 1903 \u2013 April 17, 1971) was the younger brother of bandleader Guy Lombardo. He was a vocalist and composer. Lombardo was born in London, Ontario, Canada. As a child, he took flute lessons, and later learned to play saxophone. Lombardo's compositions included the 1928 classic \"Sweethearts on Parade\", which was number one for three weeks in 1929 on the U.S. pop charts, \"Ridin' Around in the Rain\", written with Gene Austin in 1934, the jazz and pop standards \"Coquette\", \"Boo Hoo\", and \"Some Rainy Day\", and \"Powder Your Face With Sunshine (Smile, Smile, Smile)\", written with Stanley Rochinski in 1948-49. In 1927, Carmen Lombardo was the vocalist of the 1927 hit record, Charmaine, performed by the Guy Lombardo Orchestra. As a young man played in the Lombardo Brothers Concert Company with Guy on violin and another brother, Lebert, on trumpet or piano. As the band grew, Guy became conductor, and the band developed into The Royal Canadians in 1923, in which Carmen both sang and wrote music. He frequently collaborated with American composers and his music was recorded by Louis Armstrong, Bing Crosby, and others. Many of his compositions have also been used in Woody Allen films. When singing songs like \"Alone at a Table for Two\" he would allow his voice to tremble, and seem nearly to break into tears- he was caricatured in Warner Brothers cartoons as \"Cryman\" Lombardo.", "Kenny Gardner Kenny Gardner (March 20, 1913, Lake View, Iowa \u2013 July 26, 2002, Manhasset, New York) was an American singer for Guy Lombardo's band, the Royal Canadians. Kenneth A. Gardner was born on March 20, 1913 in Lake View, Iowa, the eldest son of Norman and May Chambers Gardner. He had two younger brothers, Robert and Edward. During his teens, Kenny went to Neligh, Nebraska, to live with an aunt and uncle. He attended Creighton University and had part-time jobs at a movie theater and a mortuary. He later moved to California and attended San Diego State College, where he studied engineering. Gardner was singing on radio as early as 1936, when he was among those appearing on an episode of \"California Hour\". In 1946-47, he was the male singer on \"Easy Does It\", a quarter-hour daily daytime variety program on the Mutual Broadcasting System. He joined Guy Lombardo's band in 1940, singing the signature hits , \"Enjoy Yourself, It's Later Than You Think\", and \"Frankie and Johnny\". While in the band, he took time out to serve in World War II, where he was wounded and earned two Purple Hearts. After retiring in 1978, a year after Guy Lombardo died, Gardner became more involved in local activities in the Plandome, New York area. In 1941, he voiced the role of \"Dick\" in the animated comedy film, \"Mr. Bug Goes to Town\". He also sang \"Where Do We Go From Here\" in the film, which was written by Percy Wenrich. Gardner married Guy Lombardo's sister Elaine in 1942. Gardner died on July 26, 2002, at his residence."], "answer": {"text": "winning the Gold Cup in 1946 in his record-breaking speedboat, Tempo VI, designed and built by John L. Hacker.", "answer_start": 70}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what other pursuits did Guy Lombardo do?", "answer": {"text": "Lombardo was also an important figure in hydroplane speedboat racing,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_975e5025560944348f60fcf04141bec4_0_q#3", "question": "did he break any other records with speed boating?", "rewrite": "did Guy Lombardo break any other records besides winning the 1946 Gold Cup in speed boating?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Carmen Lombardo Carmen Lombardo (July 16, 1903 \u2013 April 17, 1971) was the younger brother of bandleader Guy Lombardo. He was a vocalist and composer. Lombardo was born in London, Ontario, Canada. As a child, he took flute lessons, and later learned to play saxophone. Lombardo's compositions included the 1928 classic \"Sweethearts on Parade\", which was number one for three weeks in 1929 on the U.S. pop charts, \"Ridin' Around in the Rain\", written with Gene Austin in 1934, the jazz and pop standards \"Coquette\", \"Boo Hoo\", and \"Some Rainy Day\", and \"Powder Your Face With Sunshine (Smile, Smile, Smile)\", written with Stanley Rochinski in 1948-49. In 1927, Carmen Lombardo was the vocalist of the 1927 hit record, Charmaine, performed by the Guy Lombardo Orchestra. As a young man played in the Lombardo Brothers Concert Company with Guy on violin and another brother, Lebert, on trumpet or piano. As the band grew, Guy became conductor, and the band developed into The Royal Canadians in 1923, in which Carmen both sang and wrote music. He frequently collaborated with American composers and his music was recorded by Louis Armstrong, Bing Crosby, and others. Many of his compositions have also been used in Woody Allen films. When singing songs like \"Alone at a Table for Two\" he would allow his voice to tremble, and seem nearly to break into tears- he was caricatured in Warner Brothers cartoons as \"Cryman\" Lombardo.", "Garag As of 2001 India census, Garag had a population of 9442 with 4887 males and 4555 females. Garag is well known for its black soil farm lands. The famous stream Tupri Halla flows nearby. The stream flows only during rainy season. An artificial lake Bokyapur lake is also nearby. Water from Bokyapur lake was used for irrigating agricultural fields. Rare water fowls migrate to Bokyapur during winter months. Very close to the lake is an ancient Lord Hanuman temple which has a Halegannada inscription dating back to 10th or 11th century. The hand-woven khadi for the National Flag was initially manufactured at Garag, a small village in Dharwad district in North Karnataka. A center was established at Garag in 1954 by a few freedom fighters under the banner of Dharwad Taluk Kshetriya Seva Sangh and obtained the Centre\u2019s licence to make flags and still it is the only place in India where hand woven Indian national flags are made. Schools Colleges Since 1991 industries have started and they are focusing on automobile sector in Garag region. Most of these industries are located in Belur Industrial Area, few of them are Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery Co. Ltd. (Formerly Telcon. A Tata Motors-Hitachi JV), Tata Motors, Tata Marcopolo Motors, NRE Bharat Coke India, HLL, IAL India, SLN distillaries, MM industries, etc. There were also chances of getting Tata Nano project to Garag but because of stiff competition from Gujarat state Karnataka lost the fight. There were also chances of getting Hero Motocorp ltd project to Garag but because of stiff competition from Andhra Pradesh state & Politicians Carelessness Karnataka lost the fight.", "Lombardo was also an important figure in hydroplane speedboat racing, winning the Gold Cup in 1946 in his record-breaking speedboat, Tempo VI, designed and built by John L. Hacker. He then went on to win the Ford Memorial competition in 1948 and the President's Cup and the Silver Cup in 1952. From 1946 to 1949, he was the reigning US national champion. Before his retirement from the sport in the late 1950s, he had won every trophy in the field. In 1959 Lombardo was attempting a run on the absolute water speed record with the jet engine powered Tempo Alcoa when it was destroyed on a radio controlled test run doing over 250 miles per hour (400 km/h). After the destruction of the Tempo Alcoa, Lombardo retired from hydroplane racing. In 2002 he was inducted into the Canadian Motorsport Hall of Fame for his accomplishments. Beginning in 1958, Lombardo endorsed the Guy Lombardo Royal Fleet, a line of fiberglass boats manufactured and sold by the United States Boat Corporation of Newark, New Jersey, a division of U.S. Pools Corporation. The boats were manufactured under license from Skagit Plastics of La Conner, Washington. The endeavor was short-lived and ended in 1961 with the closure of Skagit Plastics. In his later years, Lombardo lived in Freeport, Long Island, New York where he kept Tempo, Tempo VI, and Tempo VII (built in 1955). He invested in a nearby seafood restaurant called \"Liota's East Point House\" that eventually became \"Guy Lombardo's East Point House\". Lombardo became promoter and musical director of Jones Beach Marine Theater. The venue was built with him in mind by Robert Moses, a fan of Lombardo. One of Lombardo's productions at Jones Beach was Paradise Island in 1961.", "Kenny Gardner Kenny Gardner (March 20, 1913, Lake View, Iowa \u2013 July 26, 2002, Manhasset, New York) was an American singer for Guy Lombardo's band, the Royal Canadians. Kenneth A. Gardner was born on March 20, 1913 in Lake View, Iowa, the eldest son of Norman and May Chambers Gardner. He had two younger brothers, Robert and Edward. During his teens, Kenny went to Neligh, Nebraska, to live with an aunt and uncle. He attended Creighton University and had part-time jobs at a movie theater and a mortuary. He later moved to California and attended San Diego State College, where he studied engineering. Gardner was singing on radio as early as 1936, when he was among those appearing on an episode of \"California Hour\". In 1946-47, he was the male singer on \"Easy Does It\", a quarter-hour daily daytime variety program on the Mutual Broadcasting System. He joined Guy Lombardo's band in 1940, singing the signature hits , \"Enjoy Yourself, It's Later Than You Think\", and \"Frankie and Johnny\". While in the band, he took time out to serve in World War II, where he was wounded and earned two Purple Hearts. After retiring in 1978, a year after Guy Lombardo died, Gardner became more involved in local activities in the Plandome, New York area. In 1941, he voiced the role of \"Dick\" in the animated comedy film, \"Mr. Bug Goes to Town\". He also sang \"Where Do We Go From Here\" in the film, which was written by Percy Wenrich. Gardner married Guy Lombardo's sister Elaine in 1942. Gardner died on July 26, 2002, at his residence.", "Guy Lombardo hosted 48 straight New Year's Eve broadcasts on CBS until his death in 1977, beginning on radio in 1928 (and for a period, splitting with NBC Radio following midnight ET), and on CBS Television from 1956 to 1976 (which also featured coverage of the ball drop in Times Square). Lombardo was also well known for his band's performance of the song \"Auld Lang Syne\" at midnight, which helped make the standard synonymous with the New Year's holiday in North America. At the time, Dick Clark was well known to viewers as the host of \"American Bandstand\", a music series produced from the studios of Philadelphia television station WFIL-TV (now WPVI-TV) and broadcast by ABC (which itself aired a New Year's Eve special on December 31, 1959). In the 1970s, Clark felt that Guy Lombardo's New Year's specials were outdated and did not appeal well to younger viewers; he believed that only older viewers would be interested in big band music accompanied by \"people dancing cheek-to-jowl in their tuxedos and funny hats.\" In response, he decided to produce a more youthful New Year's Eve special of his own to compete. Clark's new program would be known as \"New Year's Rockin' Eve\", a name chosen to signify the major contrast between his special and the more formal atmosphere of Guy Lombardo's special. The first edition, Three Dog Night's New Year's Rockin' Eve 1973, was aired by NBC on December 31, 1972 and was hosted by the members of the rock band Three Dog Night. The special featured pre-recorded musical performances from the ballroom of the Queen Mary in Long Beach, California by Blood, Sweat & Tears, Helen Reddy, Al Green, and Three Dog Night."], "answer": {"text": "He then went on to win the Ford Memorial competition in 1948 and the President's Cup and the Silver Cup in 1952.", "answer_start": 181}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what other pursuits did Guy Lombardo do?", "answer": {"text": "Lombardo was also an important figure in hydroplane speedboat racing,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do with that?", "answer": {"text": "winning the Gold Cup in 1946 in his record-breaking speedboat, Tempo VI, designed and built by John L. Hacker.", "answer_start": 70, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he work with anyone?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_975e5025560944348f60fcf04141bec4_0_q#4", "question": "did he do anything else other than speedboating?", "rewrite": "did Guy Lombardo have any other professions besides speedboating?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kenny Gardner Kenny Gardner (March 20, 1913, Lake View, Iowa \u2013 July 26, 2002, Manhasset, New York) was an American singer for Guy Lombardo's band, the Royal Canadians. Kenneth A. Gardner was born on March 20, 1913 in Lake View, Iowa, the eldest son of Norman and May Chambers Gardner. He had two younger brothers, Robert and Edward. During his teens, Kenny went to Neligh, Nebraska, to live with an aunt and uncle. He attended Creighton University and had part-time jobs at a movie theater and a mortuary. He later moved to California and attended San Diego State College, where he studied engineering. Gardner was singing on radio as early as 1936, when he was among those appearing on an episode of \"California Hour\". In 1946-47, he was the male singer on \"Easy Does It\", a quarter-hour daily daytime variety program on the Mutual Broadcasting System. He joined Guy Lombardo's band in 1940, singing the signature hits , \"Enjoy Yourself, It's Later Than You Think\", and \"Frankie and Johnny\". While in the band, he took time out to serve in World War II, where he was wounded and earned two Purple Hearts. After retiring in 1978, a year after Guy Lombardo died, Gardner became more involved in local activities in the Plandome, New York area. In 1941, he voiced the role of \"Dick\" in the animated comedy film, \"Mr. Bug Goes to Town\". He also sang \"Where Do We Go From Here\" in the film, which was written by Percy Wenrich. Gardner married Guy Lombardo's sister Elaine in 1942. Gardner died on July 26, 2002, at his residence.", "Guy Lombardo hosted 48 straight New Year's Eve broadcasts on CBS until his death in 1977, beginning on radio in 1928 (and for a period, splitting with NBC Radio following midnight ET), and on CBS Television from 1956 to 1976 (which also featured coverage of the ball drop in Times Square). Lombardo was also well known for his band's performance of the song \"Auld Lang Syne\" at midnight, which helped make the standard synonymous with the New Year's holiday in North America. At the time, Dick Clark was well known to viewers as the host of \"American Bandstand\", a music series produced from the studios of Philadelphia television station WFIL-TV (now WPVI-TV) and broadcast by ABC (which itself aired a New Year's Eve special on December 31, 1959). In the 1970s, Clark felt that Guy Lombardo's New Year's specials were outdated and did not appeal well to younger viewers; he believed that only older viewers would be interested in big band music accompanied by \"people dancing cheek-to-jowl in their tuxedos and funny hats.\" In response, he decided to produce a more youthful New Year's Eve special of his own to compete. Clark's new program would be known as \"New Year's Rockin' Eve\", a name chosen to signify the major contrast between his special and the more formal atmosphere of Guy Lombardo's special. The first edition, Three Dog Night's New Year's Rockin' Eve 1973, was aired by NBC on December 31, 1972 and was hosted by the members of the rock band Three Dog Night. The special featured pre-recorded musical performances from the ballroom of the Queen Mary in Long Beach, California by Blood, Sweat & Tears, Helen Reddy, Al Green, and Three Dog Night.", "It's Love-Love-Love \"It's Love, Love, Love\" is a popular song. The music was written by Joan Whitney and Alex Kramer, with lyrics by Mack David, and published in 1943. The song was included in the film \"Stars on Parade\" (1944). The best-known recording was by Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians (vocal by Skip Nelson). It was recorded on January 7, 1944, and released by Decca Records as catalog number 18589. It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on April 6, 1944 and lasted 10 weeks on the chart, peaking at #1. A recording later that same year was released by The King Sisters on Bluebird Records, a subsidiary of RCA Victor, and this too charted with a peak position of #4. Unfortunately, the ubiquitous Guy Lombardo Billboard #1 single recording omits the charming third verse, which is arguably the most amusing in this short, humorous ditty. Sirius XM Forties Junction occasionally plays a recording (such as the RCA Victor Four King Sisters one) that has all three verses performed just as written, but it is rare to hear it, hard to find on YouTube, nor does iTunes offer a recording other than the Guy Lombardo 1944 version. The King Sisters did an admirable job with the song, but they did change up the chorus after the second and third verses, so it is not quite a pure rendition. However, lovers of the song may not object to what the King Sisters did, as it was well done and affected only the refrain, which is long and somewhat repetitive relative to the short verses of the song.", "Carmen Lombardo Carmen Lombardo (July 16, 1903 \u2013 April 17, 1971) was the younger brother of bandleader Guy Lombardo. He was a vocalist and composer. Lombardo was born in London, Ontario, Canada. As a child, he took flute lessons, and later learned to play saxophone. Lombardo's compositions included the 1928 classic \"Sweethearts on Parade\", which was number one for three weeks in 1929 on the U.S. pop charts, \"Ridin' Around in the Rain\", written with Gene Austin in 1934, the jazz and pop standards \"Coquette\", \"Boo Hoo\", and \"Some Rainy Day\", and \"Powder Your Face With Sunshine (Smile, Smile, Smile)\", written with Stanley Rochinski in 1948-49. In 1927, Carmen Lombardo was the vocalist of the 1927 hit record, Charmaine, performed by the Guy Lombardo Orchestra. As a young man played in the Lombardo Brothers Concert Company with Guy on violin and another brother, Lebert, on trumpet or piano. As the band grew, Guy became conductor, and the band developed into The Royal Canadians in 1923, in which Carmen both sang and wrote music. He frequently collaborated with American composers and his music was recorded by Louis Armstrong, Bing Crosby, and others. Many of his compositions have also been used in Woody Allen films. When singing songs like \"Alone at a Table for Two\" he would allow his voice to tremble, and seem nearly to break into tears- he was caricatured in Warner Brothers cartoons as \"Cryman\" Lombardo.", "Lombardo was also an important figure in hydroplane speedboat racing, winning the Gold Cup in 1946 in his record-breaking speedboat, Tempo VI, designed and built by John L. Hacker. He then went on to win the Ford Memorial competition in 1948 and the President's Cup and the Silver Cup in 1952. From 1946 to 1949, he was the reigning US national champion. Before his retirement from the sport in the late 1950s, he had won every trophy in the field. In 1959 Lombardo was attempting a run on the absolute water speed record with the jet engine powered Tempo Alcoa when it was destroyed on a radio controlled test run doing over 250 miles per hour (400 km/h). After the destruction of the Tempo Alcoa, Lombardo retired from hydroplane racing. In 2002 he was inducted into the Canadian Motorsport Hall of Fame for his accomplishments. Beginning in 1958, Lombardo endorsed the Guy Lombardo Royal Fleet, a line of fiberglass boats manufactured and sold by the United States Boat Corporation of Newark, New Jersey, a division of U.S. Pools Corporation. The boats were manufactured under license from Skagit Plastics of La Conner, Washington. The endeavor was short-lived and ended in 1961 with the closure of Skagit Plastics. In his later years, Lombardo lived in Freeport, Long Island, New York where he kept Tempo, Tempo VI, and Tempo VII (built in 1955). He invested in a nearby seafood restaurant called \"Liota's East Point House\" that eventually became \"Guy Lombardo's East Point House\". Lombardo became promoter and musical director of Jones Beach Marine Theater. The venue was built with him in mind by Robert Moses, a fan of Lombardo. One of Lombardo's productions at Jones Beach was Paradise Island in 1961."], "answer": {"text": "He invested in a nearby seafood restaurant called \"Liota's East Point House\" that eventually became \"Guy Lombardo's East Point House\".", "answer_start": 1351}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "what other pursuits did Guy Lombardo do?", "answer": {"text": "Lombardo was also an important figure in hydroplane speedboat racing,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do with that?", "answer": {"text": "winning the Gold Cup in 1946 in his record-breaking speedboat, Tempo VI, designed and built by John L. Hacker.", "answer_start": 70, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he work with anyone?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he break any other records with speed boating?", "answer": {"text": "He then went on to win the Ford Memorial competition in 1948 and the President's Cup and the Silver Cup in 1952.", "answer_start": 181, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_975e5025560944348f60fcf04141bec4_0_q#5", "question": "was this a successful venture?", "rewrite": "was Guy Lombardo's restaurant \"Liota's East Point House\" a successful venture?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lombardo was also an important figure in hydroplane speedboat racing, winning the Gold Cup in 1946 in his record-breaking speedboat, Tempo VI, designed and built by John L. Hacker. He then went on to win the Ford Memorial competition in 1948 and the President's Cup and the Silver Cup in 1952. From 1946 to 1949, he was the reigning US national champion. Before his retirement from the sport in the late 1950s, he had won every trophy in the field. In 1959 Lombardo was attempting a run on the absolute water speed record with the jet engine powered Tempo Alcoa when it was destroyed on a radio controlled test run doing over 250 miles per hour (400 km/h). After the destruction of the Tempo Alcoa, Lombardo retired from hydroplane racing. In 2002 he was inducted into the Canadian Motorsport Hall of Fame for his accomplishments. Beginning in 1958, Lombardo endorsed the Guy Lombardo Royal Fleet, a line of fiberglass boats manufactured and sold by the United States Boat Corporation of Newark, New Jersey, a division of U.S. Pools Corporation. The boats were manufactured under license from Skagit Plastics of La Conner, Washington. The endeavor was short-lived and ended in 1961 with the closure of Skagit Plastics. In his later years, Lombardo lived in Freeport, Long Island, New York where he kept Tempo, Tempo VI, and Tempo VII (built in 1955). He invested in a nearby seafood restaurant called \"Liota's East Point House\" that eventually became \"Guy Lombardo's East Point House\". Lombardo became promoter and musical director of Jones Beach Marine Theater. The venue was built with him in mind by Robert Moses, a fan of Lombardo. One of Lombardo's productions at Jones Beach was Paradise Island in 1961.", "It's Love-Love-Love \"It's Love, Love, Love\" is a popular song. The music was written by Joan Whitney and Alex Kramer, with lyrics by Mack David, and published in 1943. The song was included in the film \"Stars on Parade\" (1944). The best-known recording was by Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians (vocal by Skip Nelson). It was recorded on January 7, 1944, and released by Decca Records as catalog number 18589. It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on April 6, 1944 and lasted 10 weeks on the chart, peaking at #1. A recording later that same year was released by The King Sisters on Bluebird Records, a subsidiary of RCA Victor, and this too charted with a peak position of #4. Unfortunately, the ubiquitous Guy Lombardo Billboard #1 single recording omits the charming third verse, which is arguably the most amusing in this short, humorous ditty. Sirius XM Forties Junction occasionally plays a recording (such as the RCA Victor Four King Sisters one) that has all three verses performed just as written, but it is rare to hear it, hard to find on YouTube, nor does iTunes offer a recording other than the Guy Lombardo 1944 version. The King Sisters did an admirable job with the song, but they did change up the chorus after the second and third verses, so it is not quite a pure rendition. However, lovers of the song may not object to what the King Sisters did, as it was well done and affected only the refrain, which is long and somewhat repetitive relative to the short verses of the song.", "Guy Lombardo hosted 48 straight New Year's Eve broadcasts on CBS until his death in 1977, beginning on radio in 1928 (and for a period, splitting with NBC Radio following midnight ET), and on CBS Television from 1956 to 1976 (which also featured coverage of the ball drop in Times Square). Lombardo was also well known for his band's performance of the song \"Auld Lang Syne\" at midnight, which helped make the standard synonymous with the New Year's holiday in North America. At the time, Dick Clark was well known to viewers as the host of \"American Bandstand\", a music series produced from the studios of Philadelphia television station WFIL-TV (now WPVI-TV) and broadcast by ABC (which itself aired a New Year's Eve special on December 31, 1959). In the 1970s, Clark felt that Guy Lombardo's New Year's specials were outdated and did not appeal well to younger viewers; he believed that only older viewers would be interested in big band music accompanied by \"people dancing cheek-to-jowl in their tuxedos and funny hats.\" In response, he decided to produce a more youthful New Year's Eve special of his own to compete. Clark's new program would be known as \"New Year's Rockin' Eve\", a name chosen to signify the major contrast between his special and the more formal atmosphere of Guy Lombardo's special. The first edition, Three Dog Night's New Year's Rockin' Eve 1973, was aired by NBC on December 31, 1972 and was hosted by the members of the rock band Three Dog Night. The special featured pre-recorded musical performances from the ballroom of the Queen Mary in Long Beach, California by Blood, Sweat & Tears, Helen Reddy, Al Green, and Three Dog Night.", "Carmen Lombardo Carmen Lombardo (July 16, 1903 \u2013 April 17, 1971) was the younger brother of bandleader Guy Lombardo. He was a vocalist and composer. Lombardo was born in London, Ontario, Canada. As a child, he took flute lessons, and later learned to play saxophone. Lombardo's compositions included the 1928 classic \"Sweethearts on Parade\", which was number one for three weeks in 1929 on the U.S. pop charts, \"Ridin' Around in the Rain\", written with Gene Austin in 1934, the jazz and pop standards \"Coquette\", \"Boo Hoo\", and \"Some Rainy Day\", and \"Powder Your Face With Sunshine (Smile, Smile, Smile)\", written with Stanley Rochinski in 1948-49. In 1927, Carmen Lombardo was the vocalist of the 1927 hit record, Charmaine, performed by the Guy Lombardo Orchestra. As a young man played in the Lombardo Brothers Concert Company with Guy on violin and another brother, Lebert, on trumpet or piano. As the band grew, Guy became conductor, and the band developed into The Royal Canadians in 1923, in which Carmen both sang and wrote music. He frequently collaborated with American composers and his music was recorded by Louis Armstrong, Bing Crosby, and others. Many of his compositions have also been used in Woody Allen films. When singing songs like \"Alone at a Table for Two\" he would allow his voice to tremble, and seem nearly to break into tears- he was caricatured in Warner Brothers cartoons as \"Cryman\" Lombardo.", "Kenny Gardner Kenny Gardner (March 20, 1913, Lake View, Iowa \u2013 July 26, 2002, Manhasset, New York) was an American singer for Guy Lombardo's band, the Royal Canadians. Kenneth A. Gardner was born on March 20, 1913 in Lake View, Iowa, the eldest son of Norman and May Chambers Gardner. He had two younger brothers, Robert and Edward. During his teens, Kenny went to Neligh, Nebraska, to live with an aunt and uncle. He attended Creighton University and had part-time jobs at a movie theater and a mortuary. He later moved to California and attended San Diego State College, where he studied engineering. Gardner was singing on radio as early as 1936, when he was among those appearing on an episode of \"California Hour\". In 1946-47, he was the male singer on \"Easy Does It\", a quarter-hour daily daytime variety program on the Mutual Broadcasting System. He joined Guy Lombardo's band in 1940, singing the signature hits , \"Enjoy Yourself, It's Later Than You Think\", and \"Frankie and Johnny\". While in the band, he took time out to serve in World War II, where he was wounded and earned two Purple Hearts. After retiring in 1978, a year after Guy Lombardo died, Gardner became more involved in local activities in the Plandome, New York area. In 1941, he voiced the role of \"Dick\" in the animated comedy film, \"Mr. Bug Goes to Town\". He also sang \"Where Do We Go From Here\" in the film, which was written by Percy Wenrich. Gardner married Guy Lombardo's sister Elaine in 1942. Gardner died on July 26, 2002, at his residence."], "answer": {"text": "endeavor was short-lived and ended in 1961 with the closure of Skagit Plastics.", "answer_start": 1139}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what other pursuits did Guy Lombardo do?", "answer": {"text": "Lombardo was also an important figure in hydroplane speedboat racing,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do with that?", "answer": {"text": "winning the Gold Cup in 1946 in his record-breaking speedboat, Tempo VI, designed and built by John L. Hacker.", "answer_start": 70, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he work with anyone?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he break any other records with speed boating?", "answer": {"text": "He then went on to win the Ford Memorial competition in 1948 and the President's Cup and the Silver Cup in 1952.", "answer_start": 181, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he do anything else other than speedboating?", "answer": {"text": "He invested in a nearby seafood restaurant called \"Liota's East Point House\" that eventually became \"Guy Lombardo's East Point House\".", "answer_start": 1351, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_975e5025560944348f60fcf04141bec4_0_q#6", "question": "did he do anything else?", "rewrite": "did Guy Lombardo have any other career highlights besides racing and the restaurant?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Guy Lombardo hosted 48 straight New Year's Eve broadcasts on CBS until his death in 1977, beginning on radio in 1928 (and for a period, splitting with NBC Radio following midnight ET), and on CBS Television from 1956 to 1976 (which also featured coverage of the ball drop in Times Square). Lombardo was also well known for his band's performance of the song \"Auld Lang Syne\" at midnight, which helped make the standard synonymous with the New Year's holiday in North America. At the time, Dick Clark was well known to viewers as the host of \"American Bandstand\", a music series produced from the studios of Philadelphia television station WFIL-TV (now WPVI-TV) and broadcast by ABC (which itself aired a New Year's Eve special on December 31, 1959). In the 1970s, Clark felt that Guy Lombardo's New Year's specials were outdated and did not appeal well to younger viewers; he believed that only older viewers would be interested in big band music accompanied by \"people dancing cheek-to-jowl in their tuxedos and funny hats.\" In response, he decided to produce a more youthful New Year's Eve special of his own to compete. Clark's new program would be known as \"New Year's Rockin' Eve\", a name chosen to signify the major contrast between his special and the more formal atmosphere of Guy Lombardo's special. The first edition, Three Dog Night's New Year's Rockin' Eve 1973, was aired by NBC on December 31, 1972 and was hosted by the members of the rock band Three Dog Night. The special featured pre-recorded musical performances from the ballroom of the Queen Mary in Long Beach, California by Blood, Sweat & Tears, Helen Reddy, Al Green, and Three Dog Night.", "It's Love-Love-Love \"It's Love, Love, Love\" is a popular song. The music was written by Joan Whitney and Alex Kramer, with lyrics by Mack David, and published in 1943. The song was included in the film \"Stars on Parade\" (1944). The best-known recording was by Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians (vocal by Skip Nelson). It was recorded on January 7, 1944, and released by Decca Records as catalog number 18589. It first reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on April 6, 1944 and lasted 10 weeks on the chart, peaking at #1. A recording later that same year was released by The King Sisters on Bluebird Records, a subsidiary of RCA Victor, and this too charted with a peak position of #4. Unfortunately, the ubiquitous Guy Lombardo Billboard #1 single recording omits the charming third verse, which is arguably the most amusing in this short, humorous ditty. Sirius XM Forties Junction occasionally plays a recording (such as the RCA Victor Four King Sisters one) that has all three verses performed just as written, but it is rare to hear it, hard to find on YouTube, nor does iTunes offer a recording other than the Guy Lombardo 1944 version. The King Sisters did an admirable job with the song, but they did change up the chorus after the second and third verses, so it is not quite a pure rendition. However, lovers of the song may not object to what the King Sisters did, as it was well done and affected only the refrain, which is long and somewhat repetitive relative to the short verses of the song.", "Kenny Gardner Kenny Gardner (March 20, 1913, Lake View, Iowa \u2013 July 26, 2002, Manhasset, New York) was an American singer for Guy Lombardo's band, the Royal Canadians. Kenneth A. Gardner was born on March 20, 1913 in Lake View, Iowa, the eldest son of Norman and May Chambers Gardner. He had two younger brothers, Robert and Edward. During his teens, Kenny went to Neligh, Nebraska, to live with an aunt and uncle. He attended Creighton University and had part-time jobs at a movie theater and a mortuary. He later moved to California and attended San Diego State College, where he studied engineering. Gardner was singing on radio as early as 1936, when he was among those appearing on an episode of \"California Hour\". In 1946-47, he was the male singer on \"Easy Does It\", a quarter-hour daily daytime variety program on the Mutual Broadcasting System. He joined Guy Lombardo's band in 1940, singing the signature hits , \"Enjoy Yourself, It's Later Than You Think\", and \"Frankie and Johnny\". While in the band, he took time out to serve in World War II, where he was wounded and earned two Purple Hearts. After retiring in 1978, a year after Guy Lombardo died, Gardner became more involved in local activities in the Plandome, New York area. In 1941, he voiced the role of \"Dick\" in the animated comedy film, \"Mr. Bug Goes to Town\". He also sang \"Where Do We Go From Here\" in the film, which was written by Percy Wenrich. Gardner married Guy Lombardo's sister Elaine in 1942. Gardner died on July 26, 2002, at his residence.", "Carmen Lombardo Carmen Lombardo (July 16, 1903 \u2013 April 17, 1971) was the younger brother of bandleader Guy Lombardo. He was a vocalist and composer. Lombardo was born in London, Ontario, Canada. As a child, he took flute lessons, and later learned to play saxophone. Lombardo's compositions included the 1928 classic \"Sweethearts on Parade\", which was number one for three weeks in 1929 on the U.S. pop charts, \"Ridin' Around in the Rain\", written with Gene Austin in 1934, the jazz and pop standards \"Coquette\", \"Boo Hoo\", and \"Some Rainy Day\", and \"Powder Your Face With Sunshine (Smile, Smile, Smile)\", written with Stanley Rochinski in 1948-49. In 1927, Carmen Lombardo was the vocalist of the 1927 hit record, Charmaine, performed by the Guy Lombardo Orchestra. As a young man played in the Lombardo Brothers Concert Company with Guy on violin and another brother, Lebert, on trumpet or piano. As the band grew, Guy became conductor, and the band developed into The Royal Canadians in 1923, in which Carmen both sang and wrote music. He frequently collaborated with American composers and his music was recorded by Louis Armstrong, Bing Crosby, and others. Many of his compositions have also been used in Woody Allen films. When singing songs like \"Alone at a Table for Two\" he would allow his voice to tremble, and seem nearly to break into tears- he was caricatured in Warner Brothers cartoons as \"Cryman\" Lombardo.", "Lombardo was also an important figure in hydroplane speedboat racing, winning the Gold Cup in 1946 in his record-breaking speedboat, Tempo VI, designed and built by John L. Hacker. He then went on to win the Ford Memorial competition in 1948 and the President's Cup and the Silver Cup in 1952. From 1946 to 1949, he was the reigning US national champion. Before his retirement from the sport in the late 1950s, he had won every trophy in the field. In 1959 Lombardo was attempting a run on the absolute water speed record with the jet engine powered Tempo Alcoa when it was destroyed on a radio controlled test run doing over 250 miles per hour (400 km/h). After the destruction of the Tempo Alcoa, Lombardo retired from hydroplane racing. In 2002 he was inducted into the Canadian Motorsport Hall of Fame for his accomplishments. Beginning in 1958, Lombardo endorsed the Guy Lombardo Royal Fleet, a line of fiberglass boats manufactured and sold by the United States Boat Corporation of Newark, New Jersey, a division of U.S. Pools Corporation. The boats were manufactured under license from Skagit Plastics of La Conner, Washington. The endeavor was short-lived and ended in 1961 with the closure of Skagit Plastics. In his later years, Lombardo lived in Freeport, Long Island, New York where he kept Tempo, Tempo VI, and Tempo VII (built in 1955). He invested in a nearby seafood restaurant called \"Liota's East Point House\" that eventually became \"Guy Lombardo's East Point House\". Lombardo became promoter and musical director of Jones Beach Marine Theater. The venue was built with him in mind by Robert Moses, a fan of Lombardo. One of Lombardo's productions at Jones Beach was Paradise Island in 1961."], "answer": {"text": "Lombardo became promoter and musical director of Jones Beach Marine Theater.", "answer_start": 1486}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "what other pursuits did Guy Lombardo do?", "answer": {"text": "Lombardo was also an important figure in hydroplane speedboat racing,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do with that?", "answer": {"text": "winning the Gold Cup in 1946 in his record-breaking speedboat, Tempo VI, designed and built by John L. Hacker.", "answer_start": 70, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he work with anyone?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he break any other records with speed boating?", "answer": {"text": "He then went on to win the Ford Memorial competition in 1948 and the President's Cup and the Silver Cup in 1952.", "answer_start": 181, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he do anything else other than speedboating?", "answer": {"text": "He invested in a nearby seafood restaurant called \"Liota's East Point House\" that eventually became \"Guy Lombardo's East Point House\".", "answer_start": 1351, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was this a successful venture?", "answer": {"text": "endeavor was short-lived and ended in 1961 with the closure of Skagit Plastics.", "answer_start": 1139, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2c6ca8b089c74616a41e48ac50a71ed4_0_q#0", "question": "What were some of Skyhooks later releases?", "rewrite": "What were some of Skyhooks later releases?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It was produced by Ric Formosa, engineered by Cockle and recorded at Armstrongs. The B-side, \"Missing You\", was co-written by Strachan and Bob Spencer (Skyhooks' then-current guitarist). According to Nimmervoll, \"Skyhooks in the meantime had started to struggle, and not one to do something he wasn't enjoying any more, Shirl left. It didn't mean that much to him.\" In July 1978 Strachan left Skyhooks, but his departure was not announced until the following January. He was replaced on lead vocals by Tony Williams of Reuben Tice. During 1978 he issued his third solo single, \"Mr Summer\", which did not chart. After Skyhooks Strachan worked as a radio and television presenter. He became known to a new generation as the host of a magazine-style children's TV series, \"Shirl's Neighbourhood\", from 1979 to 1983. He issued his debut solo album, \"It's all Rock 'n Roll to Me\", in 1980. At the Logie Awards of 1983, \"Shirl's Neighbourhood\" won Best Children's TV Series. He organised and participated in several Skyhooks reformations during the 1980s and 1990s. In 1984 Strachan joined a rock super-group, the Party Boys, for a national tour and was recorded on lead vocals for their live album, \"No Song Too Sacred\", alongside founding members Graham Bidstrup on drums, Kevin Borich on guitar and Paul Christie on bass guitar, and new guitarist, Robin Riley (ex-Rose Tattoo). The album provided their cover version of Led Zeppelin's \"Kashmir\" as a single. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1993 in March, Skyhooks were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame.", "In December 1982, Mushroom released a medley of Skyhooks songs as \"Hooked on Hooks\" which peaked at #21. Demands for the \"classic\" line-up of the band--Macainsh, Bob Starkie, Strachan, Strauks and Symons--to reform were successful and on 23 April 1983, they started the Living in the 80's Tour. Support acts for the first concert included The Church, Mental as Anything, The Party Boys, The Sunnyboys, and Midnight Oil--who acknowledged, \"Hooks were the only Australian band they would let top the bill above them\". This tour was released on LP as Live in the 80's. A one-off reunion concert took place in October 1984, and in 1990 the band finally recorded new material, including \"Jukebox in Siberia\", released in September, which peaked at the top of the ARIA Singles Charts for two weeks. In November, The Latest and Greatest, a compilation album, was released, which peaked at #4 on the ARIA Albums Charts. The tracks were taken from Skyhooks' first four studio albums along with two recent singles, \"Jukebox In Siberia\" and the uncharted \"Tall Timber\". In 1992, Skyhooks were inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame, while their manager, Gudunski, and record label, Mushroom Records, received a 'Special Achievement Award'. Producer of their first three albums, Wilson, had been inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1989 as an individual and again as a member of Daddy Cool in 2006. The final release of new Skyhooks material came in June 1999 when a twin-CD, Skyhooks: The Collection, was issued.", "In June 1974, three months after Strachan had replaced Hill, Skyhooks recorded their debut album, \"Living in the 70's\" (October 1974), with nine of its ten tracks written by Macainsh. According to Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, \"Macainsh's biting, provocative songs were the perfect expression of adolescent obsessions and frustrations. With those songs, the band made an enormous impact on Australian social life. \" The album spent 16 weeks at the top of the Kent Music Report Albums Chart from late February 1975, and became the highest-selling album by an Australian act until that time, with shipment of 240,000 copies. In October 2010 it was listed at No. 9 in the book, \"100 Best Australian Albums\". \"Ego Is Not a Dirty Word\" (July 1975), Skyhooks' second album, spent 11 weeks at the number-one spot and shipped 180,000 copies. Of its ten tracks Macainsh wrote eight and co-wrote another with former member, Hill. Nimmervoll opined, \"With two of the biggest selling Australian albums of all time to their credit, the band put everything into the most elaborated stage settings Australia had ever seen. Everything Skyhooks did put Australian music on a level never seen before. \" Macainsh's then girlfriend, Jenny Brown, described the band in her 1975 book, \"Skyhooks : Million Dollar Riff\". He remained with the group until it disbanded in 1980. Macainsh has participated in Skyhooks reunions in 1983, 1984, 1990 and 1994. After Skyhooks, he played with John Farnham on his Whispering Jack Tour in 1986\u201387 and appears in the music video for Farnham's single, \"You're the Voice\" (1986).", "The Lost Album (Skyhooks album) The Lost Album/ The Collection is a double-disc album by Australian glam rock band Skyhooks, released in 1999. \"The Lost Album\" was the result of 1990\u20131994 recording sessions, involving their classic lineup of the early-to-mid 1970s of which only three tracks had been released earlier\u2014\"Jukebox in Siberia\" and \"Tall Timber\" in 1990 and \"Happy Hippy Hut\" in 1994. All three were released as singles, with the former two also a part of \"The Latest and Greatest\" compilation in 1990. Skyhooks made these latter recordings with a new album in mind, what might have been their first studio album in 14 years, but they chose not to go ahead with the album. The album remained in Mushroom's vaults until 1999, when Skyhooks released it with a greatest hits disc called \"The Collection\", featuring tracks from their five 1970s albums. Despite being released in 1999, its ARIA Chart peak came in 2001 at number 36 following the death of band member Graeme Strachan. Eduardo Rivadavia from AllMusic gave the set 4 out of 5, saying; \"Skyhooks were once one of that country's most successful, influential, and controversial bands -- a true antipodean phenomenon for much of the 1970s!\" He said \"[this] two-disc survey containing all of the signature songs found on Skyhooks' five 1970s studio efforts, along with a wealth of non-album singles and outtakes.\" He said the 11 new tracks on disc two have Macainsh's cleverly amusing lyrics similarly to the tracks on the greatest hits. All tracks by Greg Macainshh, except where noted.", "Don't You Believe What You've Seen or You've Heard Don't You Believe What You've Seen or You've Heard is three-disc box set by Australian glam rock band Skyhooks, subtitled '40 Years of 'Hooks Hysteria!'. The box set includes Skyhooks' first two albums \"Living in the 70's\" and \"Ego Is Not a Dirty Word\" which both peaked at number 1 in Australia in 1975. The set includes bonus original B-sides and unreleased demos. The third disc is called \"Skyhooks in Concert: 1974\u201375\". it features 14 previously unreleased live tracks from 1974 and 1975. The album was packaged with a deluxe 8-panel digipak and a 36-page booklet with numerous never-before-seen images and a new essay from former \"Rock Australia Magazine\" editor and Skyhooks confidant Anthony O'Grady. Patrick Emery of Beat gave the album 4 out of 5 saying; \"For a couple of years, there was nothing bigger in Australia than Skyhooks. To hear this compilation is to realise just why that was\", adding, \"The classics come thick and fast [...] But to get a sense of just how culturally significant Skyhooks were in the mid '70s, it's best to skip to the live tracks. The opening strains of 'Horror Movie' live at Festival Hall in July 1975 are accompanied by a wave of teenage hysteria; by the end of 'Love on the Radio' it's verging on madness.\" All songs written by Greg Macainsh except where noted"], "answer": {"text": "In December 1982, Mushroom released a medley of Skyhooks songs as \"Hooked on Hooks\" which peaked at #21.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_2c6ca8b089c74616a41e48ac50a71ed4_0_q#1", "question": "What is the reformation about?", "rewrite": "What was Skyhooks reformation about?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Strachan's replacement in Skyhooks, on lead vocals, was Tony Williams (ex-Reuben Tice with Macainsh). Williams' first single for Skyhooks, \"Over the Border\", a political song about the state of the Queensland Police Force at the time, reached the top 40 in April, and their fifth studio album, Hot for the Orient, appeared in May 1980, but failed to enter the top 50. From 1975 to 1977, Skyhooks were--alongside Sherbet--the most commercially successful group in Australia, but over the next few years, Skyhooks rapidly faded from the public eye with the departure of key members, and in 1980 the band announced its break-up in controversial circumstances. Ian \"Molly\" Meldrum, usually a supporter of Skyhooks, savaged Hot for the Orient on his \"Humdrum\" segment of Countdown--viewers demanded that the band appear on a following show to defend it. Poor reception of the album both by the public and reviewers led the band to take out a page-sized ad in the local music press declaring \"Why Don't You All Get Fu**ed\" (title of one of their songs) and they played their last performance on 8 June, not in their hometown of Melbourne, but in the mining town of Kalgoorlie in Western Australia.", "Don't You Believe What You've Seen or You've Heard Don't You Believe What You've Seen or You've Heard is three-disc box set by Australian glam rock band Skyhooks, subtitled '40 Years of 'Hooks Hysteria!'. The box set includes Skyhooks' first two albums \"Living in the 70's\" and \"Ego Is Not a Dirty Word\" which both peaked at number 1 in Australia in 1975. The set includes bonus original B-sides and unreleased demos. The third disc is called \"Skyhooks in Concert: 1974\u201375\". it features 14 previously unreleased live tracks from 1974 and 1975. The album was packaged with a deluxe 8-panel digipak and a 36-page booklet with numerous never-before-seen images and a new essay from former \"Rock Australia Magazine\" editor and Skyhooks confidant Anthony O'Grady. Patrick Emery of Beat gave the album 4 out of 5 saying; \"For a couple of years, there was nothing bigger in Australia than Skyhooks. To hear this compilation is to realise just why that was\", adding, \"The classics come thick and fast [...] But to get a sense of just how culturally significant Skyhooks were in the mid '70s, it's best to skip to the live tracks. The opening strains of 'Horror Movie' live at Festival Hall in July 1975 are accompanied by a wave of teenage hysteria; by the end of 'Love on the Radio' it's verging on madness.\" All songs written by Greg Macainsh except where noted", "It was produced by Ric Formosa, engineered by Cockle and recorded at Armstrongs. The B-side, \"Missing You\", was co-written by Strachan and Bob Spencer (Skyhooks' then-current guitarist). According to Nimmervoll, \"Skyhooks in the meantime had started to struggle, and not one to do something he wasn't enjoying any more, Shirl left. It didn't mean that much to him.\" In July 1978 Strachan left Skyhooks, but his departure was not announced until the following January. He was replaced on lead vocals by Tony Williams of Reuben Tice. During 1978 he issued his third solo single, \"Mr Summer\", which did not chart. After Skyhooks Strachan worked as a radio and television presenter. He became known to a new generation as the host of a magazine-style children's TV series, \"Shirl's Neighbourhood\", from 1979 to 1983. He issued his debut solo album, \"It's all Rock 'n Roll to Me\", in 1980. At the Logie Awards of 1983, \"Shirl's Neighbourhood\" won Best Children's TV Series. He organised and participated in several Skyhooks reformations during the 1980s and 1990s. In 1984 Strachan joined a rock super-group, the Party Boys, for a national tour and was recorded on lead vocals for their live album, \"No Song Too Sacred\", alongside founding members Graham Bidstrup on drums, Kevin Borich on guitar and Paul Christie on bass guitar, and new guitarist, Robin Riley (ex-Rose Tattoo). The album provided their cover version of Led Zeppelin's \"Kashmir\" as a single. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1993 in March, Skyhooks were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame.", "In June 1974, three months after Strachan had replaced Hill, Skyhooks recorded their debut album, \"Living in the 70's\" (October 1974), with nine of its ten tracks written by Macainsh. According to Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, \"Macainsh's biting, provocative songs were the perfect expression of adolescent obsessions and frustrations. With those songs, the band made an enormous impact on Australian social life. \" The album spent 16 weeks at the top of the Kent Music Report Albums Chart from late February 1975, and became the highest-selling album by an Australian act until that time, with shipment of 240,000 copies. In October 2010 it was listed at No. 9 in the book, \"100 Best Australian Albums\". \"Ego Is Not a Dirty Word\" (July 1975), Skyhooks' second album, spent 11 weeks at the number-one spot and shipped 180,000 copies. Of its ten tracks Macainsh wrote eight and co-wrote another with former member, Hill. Nimmervoll opined, \"With two of the biggest selling Australian albums of all time to their credit, the band put everything into the most elaborated stage settings Australia had ever seen. Everything Skyhooks did put Australian music on a level never seen before. \" Macainsh's then girlfriend, Jenny Brown, described the band in her 1975 book, \"Skyhooks : Million Dollar Riff\". He remained with the group until it disbanded in 1980. Macainsh has participated in Skyhooks reunions in 1983, 1984, 1990 and 1994. After Skyhooks, he played with John Farnham on his Whispering Jack Tour in 1986\u201387 and appears in the music video for Farnham's single, \"You're the Voice\" (1986).", "The Lost Album (Skyhooks album) The Lost Album/ The Collection is a double-disc album by Australian glam rock band Skyhooks, released in 1999. \"The Lost Album\" was the result of 1990\u20131994 recording sessions, involving their classic lineup of the early-to-mid 1970s of which only three tracks had been released earlier\u2014\"Jukebox in Siberia\" and \"Tall Timber\" in 1990 and \"Happy Hippy Hut\" in 1994. All three were released as singles, with the former two also a part of \"The Latest and Greatest\" compilation in 1990. Skyhooks made these latter recordings with a new album in mind, what might have been their first studio album in 14 years, but they chose not to go ahead with the album. The album remained in Mushroom's vaults until 1999, when Skyhooks released it with a greatest hits disc called \"The Collection\", featuring tracks from their five 1970s albums. Despite being released in 1999, its ARIA Chart peak came in 2001 at number 36 following the death of band member Graeme Strachan. Eduardo Rivadavia from AllMusic gave the set 4 out of 5, saying; \"Skyhooks were once one of that country's most successful, influential, and controversial bands -- a true antipodean phenomenon for much of the 1970s!\" He said \"[this] two-disc survey containing all of the signature songs found on Skyhooks' five 1970s studio efforts, along with a wealth of non-album singles and outtakes.\" He said the 11 new tracks on disc two have Macainsh's cleverly amusing lyrics similarly to the tracks on the greatest hits. All tracks by Greg Macainshh, except where noted."], "answer": {"text": "A one-off reunion concert took place in October 1984, and in 1990 the band finally recorded new material, including \"Jukebox in Siberia\",", "answer_start": 566}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were some of Skyhooks later releases?", "answer": {"text": "In December 1982, Mushroom released a medley of Skyhooks songs as \"Hooked on Hooks\" which peaked at #21.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2c6ca8b089c74616a41e48ac50a71ed4_0_q#2", "question": "Was that well received?", "rewrite": "Was Reformation by Skyhooks well received?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["It was produced by Ric Formosa, engineered by Cockle and recorded at Armstrongs. The B-side, \"Missing You\", was co-written by Strachan and Bob Spencer (Skyhooks' then-current guitarist). According to Nimmervoll, \"Skyhooks in the meantime had started to struggle, and not one to do something he wasn't enjoying any more, Shirl left. It didn't mean that much to him.\" In July 1978 Strachan left Skyhooks, but his departure was not announced until the following January. He was replaced on lead vocals by Tony Williams of Reuben Tice. During 1978 he issued his third solo single, \"Mr Summer\", which did not chart. After Skyhooks Strachan worked as a radio and television presenter. He became known to a new generation as the host of a magazine-style children's TV series, \"Shirl's Neighbourhood\", from 1979 to 1983. He issued his debut solo album, \"It's all Rock 'n Roll to Me\", in 1980. At the Logie Awards of 1983, \"Shirl's Neighbourhood\" won Best Children's TV Series. He organised and participated in several Skyhooks reformations during the 1980s and 1990s. In 1984 Strachan joined a rock super-group, the Party Boys, for a national tour and was recorded on lead vocals for their live album, \"No Song Too Sacred\", alongside founding members Graham Bidstrup on drums, Kevin Borich on guitar and Paul Christie on bass guitar, and new guitarist, Robin Riley (ex-Rose Tattoo). The album provided their cover version of Led Zeppelin's \"Kashmir\" as a single. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1993 in March, Skyhooks were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame.", "In December 1982, Mushroom released a medley of Skyhooks songs as \"Hooked on Hooks\" which peaked at #21. Demands for the \"classic\" line-up of the band--Macainsh, Bob Starkie, Strachan, Strauks and Symons--to reform were successful and on 23 April 1983, they started the Living in the 80's Tour. Support acts for the first concert included The Church, Mental as Anything, The Party Boys, The Sunnyboys, and Midnight Oil--who acknowledged, \"Hooks were the only Australian band they would let top the bill above them\". This tour was released on LP as Live in the 80's. A one-off reunion concert took place in October 1984, and in 1990 the band finally recorded new material, including \"Jukebox in Siberia\", released in September, which peaked at the top of the ARIA Singles Charts for two weeks. In November, The Latest and Greatest, a compilation album, was released, which peaked at #4 on the ARIA Albums Charts. The tracks were taken from Skyhooks' first four studio albums along with two recent singles, \"Jukebox In Siberia\" and the uncharted \"Tall Timber\". In 1992, Skyhooks were inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame, while their manager, Gudunski, and record label, Mushroom Records, received a 'Special Achievement Award'. Producer of their first three albums, Wilson, had been inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1989 as an individual and again as a member of Daddy Cool in 2006. The final release of new Skyhooks material came in June 1999 when a twin-CD, Skyhooks: The Collection, was issued.", "Don't You Believe What You've Seen or You've Heard Don't You Believe What You've Seen or You've Heard is three-disc box set by Australian glam rock band Skyhooks, subtitled '40 Years of 'Hooks Hysteria!'. The box set includes Skyhooks' first two albums \"Living in the 70's\" and \"Ego Is Not a Dirty Word\" which both peaked at number 1 in Australia in 1975. The set includes bonus original B-sides and unreleased demos. The third disc is called \"Skyhooks in Concert: 1974\u201375\". it features 14 previously unreleased live tracks from 1974 and 1975. The album was packaged with a deluxe 8-panel digipak and a 36-page booklet with numerous never-before-seen images and a new essay from former \"Rock Australia Magazine\" editor and Skyhooks confidant Anthony O'Grady. Patrick Emery of Beat gave the album 4 out of 5 saying; \"For a couple of years, there was nothing bigger in Australia than Skyhooks. To hear this compilation is to realise just why that was\", adding, \"The classics come thick and fast [...] But to get a sense of just how culturally significant Skyhooks were in the mid '70s, it's best to skip to the live tracks. The opening strains of 'Horror Movie' live at Festival Hall in July 1975 are accompanied by a wave of teenage hysteria; by the end of 'Love on the Radio' it's verging on madness.\" All songs written by Greg Macainsh except where noted", "In June 1974, three months after Strachan had replaced Hill, Skyhooks recorded their debut album, \"Living in the 70's\" (October 1974), with nine of its ten tracks written by Macainsh. According to Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, \"Macainsh's biting, provocative songs were the perfect expression of adolescent obsessions and frustrations. With those songs, the band made an enormous impact on Australian social life. \" The album spent 16 weeks at the top of the Kent Music Report Albums Chart from late February 1975, and became the highest-selling album by an Australian act until that time, with shipment of 240,000 copies. In October 2010 it was listed at No. 9 in the book, \"100 Best Australian Albums\". \"Ego Is Not a Dirty Word\" (July 1975), Skyhooks' second album, spent 11 weeks at the number-one spot and shipped 180,000 copies. Of its ten tracks Macainsh wrote eight and co-wrote another with former member, Hill. Nimmervoll opined, \"With two of the biggest selling Australian albums of all time to their credit, the band put everything into the most elaborated stage settings Australia had ever seen. Everything Skyhooks did put Australian music on a level never seen before. \" Macainsh's then girlfriend, Jenny Brown, described the band in her 1975 book, \"Skyhooks : Million Dollar Riff\". He remained with the group until it disbanded in 1980. Macainsh has participated in Skyhooks reunions in 1983, 1984, 1990 and 1994. After Skyhooks, he played with John Farnham on his Whispering Jack Tour in 1986\u201387 and appears in the music video for Farnham's single, \"You're the Voice\" (1986).", "The Lost Album (Skyhooks album) The Lost Album/ The Collection is a double-disc album by Australian glam rock band Skyhooks, released in 1999. \"The Lost Album\" was the result of 1990\u20131994 recording sessions, involving their classic lineup of the early-to-mid 1970s of which only three tracks had been released earlier\u2014\"Jukebox in Siberia\" and \"Tall Timber\" in 1990 and \"Happy Hippy Hut\" in 1994. All three were released as singles, with the former two also a part of \"The Latest and Greatest\" compilation in 1990. Skyhooks made these latter recordings with a new album in mind, what might have been their first studio album in 14 years, but they chose not to go ahead with the album. The album remained in Mushroom's vaults until 1999, when Skyhooks released it with a greatest hits disc called \"The Collection\", featuring tracks from their five 1970s albums. Despite being released in 1999, its ARIA Chart peak came in 2001 at number 36 following the death of band member Graeme Strachan. Eduardo Rivadavia from AllMusic gave the set 4 out of 5, saying; \"Skyhooks were once one of that country's most successful, influential, and controversial bands -- a true antipodean phenomenon for much of the 1970s!\" He said \"[this] two-disc survey containing all of the signature songs found on Skyhooks' five 1970s studio efforts, along with a wealth of non-album singles and outtakes.\" He said the 11 new tracks on disc two have Macainsh's cleverly amusing lyrics similarly to the tracks on the greatest hits. All tracks by Greg Macainshh, except where noted."], "answer": {"text": "which peaked at the top of the ARIA Singles Charts for two weeks.", "answer_start": 727}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were some of Skyhooks later releases?", "answer": {"text": "In December 1982, Mushroom released a medley of Skyhooks songs as \"Hooked on Hooks\" which peaked at #21.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the reformation about?", "answer": {"text": "A one-off reunion concert took place in October 1984, and in 1990 the band finally recorded new material, including \"Jukebox in Siberia\",", "answer_start": 566, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2c6ca8b089c74616a41e48ac50a71ed4_0_q#3", "question": "Did they record any other songs that did well on the charts?", "rewrite": "Did Skyhooks record any other songs that did well on the charts, aside from \"Jukebox in Siberia\"??", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In June 1974, three months after Strachan had replaced Hill, Skyhooks recorded their debut album, \"Living in the 70's\" (October 1974), with nine of its ten tracks written by Macainsh. According to Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, \"Macainsh's biting, provocative songs were the perfect expression of adolescent obsessions and frustrations. With those songs, the band made an enormous impact on Australian social life. \" The album spent 16 weeks at the top of the Kent Music Report Albums Chart from late February 1975, and became the highest-selling album by an Australian act until that time, with shipment of 240,000 copies. In October 2010 it was listed at No. 9 in the book, \"100 Best Australian Albums\". \"Ego Is Not a Dirty Word\" (July 1975), Skyhooks' second album, spent 11 weeks at the number-one spot and shipped 180,000 copies. Of its ten tracks Macainsh wrote eight and co-wrote another with former member, Hill. Nimmervoll opined, \"With two of the biggest selling Australian albums of all time to their credit, the band put everything into the most elaborated stage settings Australia had ever seen. Everything Skyhooks did put Australian music on a level never seen before. \" Macainsh's then girlfriend, Jenny Brown, described the band in her 1975 book, \"Skyhooks : Million Dollar Riff\". He remained with the group until it disbanded in 1980. Macainsh has participated in Skyhooks reunions in 1983, 1984, 1990 and 1994. After Skyhooks, he played with John Farnham on his Whispering Jack Tour in 1986\u201387 and appears in the music video for Farnham's single, \"You're the Voice\" (1986).", "Jukebox in Siberia \"Jukebox in Siberia\" is a song by the Australian group, Skyhooks, released as the lead single from the group's compilation album \"The Latest and Greatest\". The song's lyrics take a look at Russia under the rule of Gorbachev, the era of glasnost (\"openness\") and perestroika (\"restructuring\"). The single was released in October 1990\u2014the group's first release in eight years\u2014and debuted on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart at No. 14, peaking at No. 1 the following month. It was their only ARIA #1 single; they had previously achieved a #1 single on the Kent Music Report with \"Horror Movie\" in 1975. \"Jukebox in Siberia\" peaked at #1 in Australia for 2 weeks.", "The Lost Album (Skyhooks album) The Lost Album/ The Collection is a double-disc album by Australian glam rock band Skyhooks, released in 1999. \"The Lost Album\" was the result of 1990\u20131994 recording sessions, involving their classic lineup of the early-to-mid 1970s of which only three tracks had been released earlier\u2014\"Jukebox in Siberia\" and \"Tall Timber\" in 1990 and \"Happy Hippy Hut\" in 1994. All three were released as singles, with the former two also a part of \"The Latest and Greatest\" compilation in 1990. Skyhooks made these latter recordings with a new album in mind, what might have been their first studio album in 14 years, but they chose not to go ahead with the album. The album remained in Mushroom's vaults until 1999, when Skyhooks released it with a greatest hits disc called \"The Collection\", featuring tracks from their five 1970s albums. Despite being released in 1999, its ARIA Chart peak came in 2001 at number 36 following the death of band member Graeme Strachan. Eduardo Rivadavia from AllMusic gave the set 4 out of 5, saying; \"Skyhooks were once one of that country's most successful, influential, and controversial bands -- a true antipodean phenomenon for much of the 1970s!\" He said \"[this] two-disc survey containing all of the signature songs found on Skyhooks' five 1970s studio efforts, along with a wealth of non-album singles and outtakes.\" He said the 11 new tracks on disc two have Macainsh's cleverly amusing lyrics similarly to the tracks on the greatest hits. All tracks by Greg Macainshh, except where noted.", "The Latest and Greatest The Latest and Greatest is a greatest hits compilation album by Australian rock band Skyhooks. It was released by Mushroom Records in November 1990 in Australia and peaked at number 4 on the chart and was certified platinum. Skyhooks formed in inner Melbourne in 1974 and sold well across Australia with their first two albums, \"Living in the 70's\" and \"Ego Is Not a Dirty Word\", both peaking at number 1 in 1975. At the time, it was unusual to hear a band sing about buying dope in the inner city, sex in the suburbs, the local gay scene and lost girlfriends in Sydney. The group's popularity has been particularly attributed to their socially-aware lyrics and timely style. The band had been on hiatus since 1984, but in 1988 Greg Macainsh began working on new material. This led to two new songs: \"Jukebox in Siberia\" and \"Tall Timber\". \" Jukebox in Siberia\" was released as a single in October 1990 and peaked at number 1 on the ARIA singles chart and opened the band to a whole new audience. As a result, their record label decided to release a new \"best of\" album in the November, titled \"The Latest and Greatest\".", "In December 1982, Mushroom released a medley of Skyhooks songs as \"Hooked on Hooks\" which peaked at #21. Demands for the \"classic\" line-up of the band--Macainsh, Bob Starkie, Strachan, Strauks and Symons--to reform were successful and on 23 April 1983, they started the Living in the 80's Tour. Support acts for the first concert included The Church, Mental as Anything, The Party Boys, The Sunnyboys, and Midnight Oil--who acknowledged, \"Hooks were the only Australian band they would let top the bill above them\". This tour was released on LP as Live in the 80's. A one-off reunion concert took place in October 1984, and in 1990 the band finally recorded new material, including \"Jukebox in Siberia\", released in September, which peaked at the top of the ARIA Singles Charts for two weeks. In November, The Latest and Greatest, a compilation album, was released, which peaked at #4 on the ARIA Albums Charts. The tracks were taken from Skyhooks' first four studio albums along with two recent singles, \"Jukebox In Siberia\" and the uncharted \"Tall Timber\". In 1992, Skyhooks were inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame, while their manager, Gudunski, and record label, Mushroom Records, received a 'Special Achievement Award'. Producer of their first three albums, Wilson, had been inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1989 as an individual and again as a member of Daddy Cool in 2006. The final release of new Skyhooks material came in June 1999 when a twin-CD, Skyhooks: The Collection, was issued."], "answer": {"text": "In November, The Latest and Greatest, a compilation album, was released, which peaked at #4 on the ARIA Albums Charts.", "answer_start": 793}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What were some of Skyhooks later releases?", "answer": {"text": "In December 1982, Mushroom released a medley of Skyhooks songs as \"Hooked on Hooks\" which peaked at #21.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the reformation about?", "answer": {"text": "A one-off reunion concert took place in October 1984, and in 1990 the band finally recorded new material, including \"Jukebox in Siberia\",", "answer_start": 566, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was that well received?", "answer": {"text": "which peaked at the top of the ARIA Singles Charts for two weeks.", "answer_start": 727, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2c6ca8b089c74616a41e48ac50a71ed4_0_q#4", "question": "When did they get back together?", "rewrite": "When did Skyhooks get back together?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Lost Album (Skyhooks album) The Lost Album/ The Collection is a double-disc album by Australian glam rock band Skyhooks, released in 1999. \"The Lost Album\" was the result of 1990\u20131994 recording sessions, involving their classic lineup of the early-to-mid 1970s of which only three tracks had been released earlier\u2014\"Jukebox in Siberia\" and \"Tall Timber\" in 1990 and \"Happy Hippy Hut\" in 1994. All three were released as singles, with the former two also a part of \"The Latest and Greatest\" compilation in 1990. Skyhooks made these latter recordings with a new album in mind, what might have been their first studio album in 14 years, but they chose not to go ahead with the album. The album remained in Mushroom's vaults until 1999, when Skyhooks released it with a greatest hits disc called \"The Collection\", featuring tracks from their five 1970s albums. Despite being released in 1999, its ARIA Chart peak came in 2001 at number 36 following the death of band member Graeme Strachan. Eduardo Rivadavia from AllMusic gave the set 4 out of 5, saying; \"Skyhooks were once one of that country's most successful, influential, and controversial bands -- a true antipodean phenomenon for much of the 1970s!\" He said \"[this] two-disc survey containing all of the signature songs found on Skyhooks' five 1970s studio efforts, along with a wealth of non-album singles and outtakes.\" He said the 11 new tracks on disc two have Macainsh's cleverly amusing lyrics similarly to the tracks on the greatest hits. All tracks by Greg Macainshh, except where noted.", "In June 1974, three months after Strachan had replaced Hill, Skyhooks recorded their debut album, \"Living in the 70's\" (October 1974), with nine of its ten tracks written by Macainsh. According to Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, \"Macainsh's biting, provocative songs were the perfect expression of adolescent obsessions and frustrations. With those songs, the band made an enormous impact on Australian social life. \" The album spent 16 weeks at the top of the Kent Music Report Albums Chart from late February 1975, and became the highest-selling album by an Australian act until that time, with shipment of 240,000 copies. In October 2010 it was listed at No. 9 in the book, \"100 Best Australian Albums\". \"Ego Is Not a Dirty Word\" (July 1975), Skyhooks' second album, spent 11 weeks at the number-one spot and shipped 180,000 copies. Of its ten tracks Macainsh wrote eight and co-wrote another with former member, Hill. Nimmervoll opined, \"With two of the biggest selling Australian albums of all time to their credit, the band put everything into the most elaborated stage settings Australia had ever seen. Everything Skyhooks did put Australian music on a level never seen before. \" Macainsh's then girlfriend, Jenny Brown, described the band in her 1975 book, \"Skyhooks : Million Dollar Riff\". He remained with the group until it disbanded in 1980. Macainsh has participated in Skyhooks reunions in 1983, 1984, 1990 and 1994. After Skyhooks, he played with John Farnham on his Whispering Jack Tour in 1986\u201387 and appears in the music video for Farnham's single, \"You're the Voice\" (1986).", "It was produced by Ric Formosa, engineered by Cockle and recorded at Armstrongs. The B-side, \"Missing You\", was co-written by Strachan and Bob Spencer (Skyhooks' then-current guitarist). According to Nimmervoll, \"Skyhooks in the meantime had started to struggle, and not one to do something he wasn't enjoying any more, Shirl left. It didn't mean that much to him.\" In July 1978 Strachan left Skyhooks, but his departure was not announced until the following January. He was replaced on lead vocals by Tony Williams of Reuben Tice. During 1978 he issued his third solo single, \"Mr Summer\", which did not chart. After Skyhooks Strachan worked as a radio and television presenter. He became known to a new generation as the host of a magazine-style children's TV series, \"Shirl's Neighbourhood\", from 1979 to 1983. He issued his debut solo album, \"It's all Rock 'n Roll to Me\", in 1980. At the Logie Awards of 1983, \"Shirl's Neighbourhood\" won Best Children's TV Series. He organised and participated in several Skyhooks reformations during the 1980s and 1990s. In 1984 Strachan joined a rock super-group, the Party Boys, for a national tour and was recorded on lead vocals for their live album, \"No Song Too Sacred\", alongside founding members Graham Bidstrup on drums, Kevin Borich on guitar and Paul Christie on bass guitar, and new guitarist, Robin Riley (ex-Rose Tattoo). The album provided their cover version of Led Zeppelin's \"Kashmir\" as a single. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1993 in March, Skyhooks were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame.", "Strachan's replacement in Skyhooks, on lead vocals, was Tony Williams (ex-Reuben Tice with Macainsh). Williams' first single for Skyhooks, \"Over the Border\", a political song about the state of the Queensland Police Force at the time, reached the top 40 in April, and their fifth studio album, Hot for the Orient, appeared in May 1980, but failed to enter the top 50. From 1975 to 1977, Skyhooks were--alongside Sherbet--the most commercially successful group in Australia, but over the next few years, Skyhooks rapidly faded from the public eye with the departure of key members, and in 1980 the band announced its break-up in controversial circumstances. Ian \"Molly\" Meldrum, usually a supporter of Skyhooks, savaged Hot for the Orient on his \"Humdrum\" segment of Countdown--viewers demanded that the band appear on a following show to defend it. Poor reception of the album both by the public and reviewers led the band to take out a page-sized ad in the local music press declaring \"Why Don't You All Get Fu**ed\" (title of one of their songs) and they played their last performance on 8 June, not in their hometown of Melbourne, but in the mining town of Kalgoorlie in Western Australia.", "Don't You Believe What You've Seen or You've Heard Don't You Believe What You've Seen or You've Heard is three-disc box set by Australian glam rock band Skyhooks, subtitled '40 Years of 'Hooks Hysteria!'. The box set includes Skyhooks' first two albums \"Living in the 70's\" and \"Ego Is Not a Dirty Word\" which both peaked at number 1 in Australia in 1975. The set includes bonus original B-sides and unreleased demos. The third disc is called \"Skyhooks in Concert: 1974\u201375\". it features 14 previously unreleased live tracks from 1974 and 1975. The album was packaged with a deluxe 8-panel digipak and a 36-page booklet with numerous never-before-seen images and a new essay from former \"Rock Australia Magazine\" editor and Skyhooks confidant Anthony O'Grady. Patrick Emery of Beat gave the album 4 out of 5 saying; \"For a couple of years, there was nothing bigger in Australia than Skyhooks. To hear this compilation is to realise just why that was\", adding, \"The classics come thick and fast [...] But to get a sense of just how culturally significant Skyhooks were in the mid '70s, it's best to skip to the live tracks. The opening strains of 'Horror Movie' live at Festival Hall in July 1975 are accompanied by a wave of teenage hysteria; by the end of 'Love on the Radio' it's verging on madness.\" All songs written by Greg Macainsh except where noted"], "answer": {"text": "The final release of new Skyhooks material came in June 1999 when a twin-CD, Skyhooks:", "answer_start": 1426}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were some of Skyhooks later releases?", "answer": {"text": "In December 1982, Mushroom released a medley of Skyhooks songs as \"Hooked on Hooks\" which peaked at #21.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the reformation about?", "answer": {"text": "A one-off reunion concert took place in October 1984, and in 1990 the band finally recorded new material, including \"Jukebox in Siberia\",", "answer_start": 566, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was that well received?", "answer": {"text": "which peaked at the top of the ARIA Singles Charts for two weeks.", "answer_start": 727, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they record any other songs that did well on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "In November, The Latest and Greatest, a compilation album, was released, which peaked at #4 on the ARIA Albums Charts.", "answer_start": 793, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2c6ca8b089c74616a41e48ac50a71ed4_0_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than the information about Skyhooks \"Reformations\", are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["It was produced by Ric Formosa, engineered by Cockle and recorded at Armstrongs. The B-side, \"Missing You\", was co-written by Strachan and Bob Spencer (Skyhooks' then-current guitarist). According to Nimmervoll, \"Skyhooks in the meantime had started to struggle, and not one to do something he wasn't enjoying any more, Shirl left. It didn't mean that much to him.\" In July 1978 Strachan left Skyhooks, but his departure was not announced until the following January. He was replaced on lead vocals by Tony Williams of Reuben Tice. During 1978 he issued his third solo single, \"Mr Summer\", which did not chart. After Skyhooks Strachan worked as a radio and television presenter. He became known to a new generation as the host of a magazine-style children's TV series, \"Shirl's Neighbourhood\", from 1979 to 1983. He issued his debut solo album, \"It's all Rock 'n Roll to Me\", in 1980. At the Logie Awards of 1983, \"Shirl's Neighbourhood\" won Best Children's TV Series. He organised and participated in several Skyhooks reformations during the 1980s and 1990s. In 1984 Strachan joined a rock super-group, the Party Boys, for a national tour and was recorded on lead vocals for their live album, \"No Song Too Sacred\", alongside founding members Graham Bidstrup on drums, Kevin Borich on guitar and Paul Christie on bass guitar, and new guitarist, Robin Riley (ex-Rose Tattoo). The album provided their cover version of Led Zeppelin's \"Kashmir\" as a single. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1993 in March, Skyhooks were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame.", "In June 1974, three months after Strachan had replaced Hill, Skyhooks recorded their debut album, \"Living in the 70's\" (October 1974), with nine of its ten tracks written by Macainsh. According to Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, \"Macainsh's biting, provocative songs were the perfect expression of adolescent obsessions and frustrations. With those songs, the band made an enormous impact on Australian social life. \" The album spent 16 weeks at the top of the Kent Music Report Albums Chart from late February 1975, and became the highest-selling album by an Australian act until that time, with shipment of 240,000 copies. In October 2010 it was listed at No. 9 in the book, \"100 Best Australian Albums\". \"Ego Is Not a Dirty Word\" (July 1975), Skyhooks' second album, spent 11 weeks at the number-one spot and shipped 180,000 copies. Of its ten tracks Macainsh wrote eight and co-wrote another with former member, Hill. Nimmervoll opined, \"With two of the biggest selling Australian albums of all time to their credit, the band put everything into the most elaborated stage settings Australia had ever seen. Everything Skyhooks did put Australian music on a level never seen before. \" Macainsh's then girlfriend, Jenny Brown, described the band in her 1975 book, \"Skyhooks : Million Dollar Riff\". He remained with the group until it disbanded in 1980. Macainsh has participated in Skyhooks reunions in 1983, 1984, 1990 and 1994. After Skyhooks, he played with John Farnham on his Whispering Jack Tour in 1986\u201387 and appears in the music video for Farnham's single, \"You're the Voice\" (1986).", "Strachan's replacement in Skyhooks, on lead vocals, was Tony Williams (ex-Reuben Tice with Macainsh). Williams' first single for Skyhooks, \"Over the Border\", a political song about the state of the Queensland Police Force at the time, reached the top 40 in April, and their fifth studio album, Hot for the Orient, appeared in May 1980, but failed to enter the top 50. From 1975 to 1977, Skyhooks were--alongside Sherbet--the most commercially successful group in Australia, but over the next few years, Skyhooks rapidly faded from the public eye with the departure of key members, and in 1980 the band announced its break-up in controversial circumstances. Ian \"Molly\" Meldrum, usually a supporter of Skyhooks, savaged Hot for the Orient on his \"Humdrum\" segment of Countdown--viewers demanded that the band appear on a following show to defend it. Poor reception of the album both by the public and reviewers led the band to take out a page-sized ad in the local music press declaring \"Why Don't You All Get Fu**ed\" (title of one of their songs) and they played their last performance on 8 June, not in their hometown of Melbourne, but in the mining town of Kalgoorlie in Western Australia.", "The Lost Album (Skyhooks album) The Lost Album/ The Collection is a double-disc album by Australian glam rock band Skyhooks, released in 1999. \"The Lost Album\" was the result of 1990\u20131994 recording sessions, involving their classic lineup of the early-to-mid 1970s of which only three tracks had been released earlier\u2014\"Jukebox in Siberia\" and \"Tall Timber\" in 1990 and \"Happy Hippy Hut\" in 1994. All three were released as singles, with the former two also a part of \"The Latest and Greatest\" compilation in 1990. Skyhooks made these latter recordings with a new album in mind, what might have been their first studio album in 14 years, but they chose not to go ahead with the album. The album remained in Mushroom's vaults until 1999, when Skyhooks released it with a greatest hits disc called \"The Collection\", featuring tracks from their five 1970s albums. Despite being released in 1999, its ARIA Chart peak came in 2001 at number 36 following the death of band member Graeme Strachan. Eduardo Rivadavia from AllMusic gave the set 4 out of 5, saying; \"Skyhooks were once one of that country's most successful, influential, and controversial bands -- a true antipodean phenomenon for much of the 1970s!\" He said \"[this] two-disc survey containing all of the signature songs found on Skyhooks' five 1970s studio efforts, along with a wealth of non-album singles and outtakes.\" He said the 11 new tracks on disc two have Macainsh's cleverly amusing lyrics similarly to the tracks on the greatest hits. All tracks by Greg Macainshh, except where noted.", "Don't You Believe What You've Seen or You've Heard Don't You Believe What You've Seen or You've Heard is three-disc box set by Australian glam rock band Skyhooks, subtitled '40 Years of 'Hooks Hysteria!'. The box set includes Skyhooks' first two albums \"Living in the 70's\" and \"Ego Is Not a Dirty Word\" which both peaked at number 1 in Australia in 1975. The set includes bonus original B-sides and unreleased demos. The third disc is called \"Skyhooks in Concert: 1974\u201375\". it features 14 previously unreleased live tracks from 1974 and 1975. The album was packaged with a deluxe 8-panel digipak and a 36-page booklet with numerous never-before-seen images and a new essay from former \"Rock Australia Magazine\" editor and Skyhooks confidant Anthony O'Grady. Patrick Emery of Beat gave the album 4 out of 5 saying; \"For a couple of years, there was nothing bigger in Australia than Skyhooks. To hear this compilation is to realise just why that was\", adding, \"The classics come thick and fast [...] But to get a sense of just how culturally significant Skyhooks were in the mid '70s, it's best to skip to the live tracks. The opening strains of 'Horror Movie' live at Festival Hall in July 1975 are accompanied by a wave of teenage hysteria; by the end of 'Love on the Radio' it's verging on madness.\" All songs written by Greg Macainsh except where noted"], "answer": {"text": "In 1992, Skyhooks were inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame,", "answer_start": 1059}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were some of Skyhooks later releases?", "answer": {"text": "In December 1982, Mushroom released a medley of Skyhooks songs as \"Hooked on Hooks\" which peaked at #21.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the reformation about?", "answer": {"text": "A one-off reunion concert took place in October 1984, and in 1990 the band finally recorded new material, including \"Jukebox in Siberia\",", "answer_start": 566, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was that well received?", "answer": {"text": "which peaked at the top of the ARIA Singles Charts for two weeks.", "answer_start": 727, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they record any other songs that did well on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "In November, The Latest and Greatest, a compilation album, was released, which peaked at #4 on the ARIA Albums Charts.", "answer_start": 793, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they get back together?", "answer": {"text": "The final release of new Skyhooks material came in June 1999 when a twin-CD, Skyhooks:", "answer_start": 1426, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95dbf4bd7399466db7fc964c1bec4d8f_0_q#0", "question": "When did Jimmy go to U of M?", "rewrite": "When did Jimmy go to U of M?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"Slow Time CD Release and Tour Sendoff Party\" at Hawaiian Hut\u2014sold out (1,000+ attendees)! Go Jimmy Go and Deal's Gone Bad teamed up for a West Coast US tour which culminated in their final show at the Whiskey a Go Go in Hollywood. 2001: Former Red Session drummer Shon Gregory joined the band. Re-released edition of \"Slow Time\" via Jump Up! Records in Chicago, IL. 5th Anniversary Party at Hawaiian Hut\u2014sold out (1,000+ attendees). \"Soul Arrival\" EP released. 2nd West Coast Tour. 2002 : 2nd full-length album, \"Soul Arrival,\" released on Moon Room Records. \" Soul Arrival\" CD Release Party at Hawaiian Hut\u2014sold out (1,000+ attendees). Played the Western half (17 dates) of the Van's Warped Tour 2002. Main support for No Doubt \"Rocksteady Tour\" at sold out Blaisdell Arena (8,000 attendees). 2003: \"Ska Summit 2003 \" Tour. 2004 : Go Jimmy Go become full-time musicians and start touring the US coast to coast. \"Slow Time\" re-released on Moon Room Records with unreleased tracks and re-mastered by Chris Murray. Three US tours. 2005: \"Islands Sounds\" GJG compilation cd released in Japan under Disk Union/Ska in the World Records. 1st Japan Tour. Go Jimmy Go's third full-length studio album \"The Girl With The Fishbowl Eyes\" released on Moon Room Records. \" The Girl with the...Fishbowl Eyes\" Summer Tour. Van's Warped Tour 2005 Midwest dates. Co-headlined Ska Is Dead 3 Tour w/ The Toasters and Mustard Plug. 2006: Celebrates 10th Anniversary with a sold-out show at Hawaiian Hut (1,000+ attendees).", "Go Jimmy Go Go Jimmy Go is a ska, rocksteady, reggae and soul influenced band from Honolulu, Hawaii. Although chronologically, the band belongs to the third-wave, their mellow, slower tempo sound is reminiscent of the classic style of the original 1960s Jamaican first wave of ska. Go Jimmy Go was formed in 1996 during the height of the third-wave ska craze by Larry Gordon and Cameron Wright during the weekly Ska Night at a club then known as The Vibe at the renowned Puck's Alley near the University of Hawaii. Several of the regulars of Ska Night had discussed forming a band which would be Hawaii's answer to the thriving \"traditional ska\" scene. After several false starts and frequent jam sessions featuring a rotating cast of trial members, a small core emerged consisting of Wright on bass guitar, Gordon on alto saxophone and vocals, Eric White on tenor saxophone, Ian Ashley on guitar and Tyson Balmores on drums, with several musicians rotating in and out of the lineup to fill in at various positions. \"We had so many members come and go that first year. We were picky from the start,\" remembered White. \"By the second year, we must have had about 20 total members pass through.\" These included a trio of female back-up singers, an organist and a trumpeter. From the beginning it was decided by the band that Go Jimmy Go's sound would be more influenced by early ska and rocksteady pioneers such as The Maytals, The Wailers, The Skatalites, Alton Ellis, Ken Boothe and more recently L.A.'s Hepcat. Eventually soul music, rocksteady, reggae, funk and even Hawaiian began to blend seamlessly with the band's sound, reflecting the many musical influences of the core members.", "\"Set Me Free\" music video is recorded and released. Ska Brawl US Tour co-headline with The Toasters. Pressure Points US Tour supporting John Brown's Body. 2007: Ska Brawl Europe Tour co-headling with The Toasters\u201439 straight shows, 13 countries. Moon Ska World release \" The Girl With The Fishbowl Eyes \" in the United Kingdom. \" Holiday Hell Yeah!\" released on Moon Room Records as Go Jimmy Go's 4th full-length album. \" Holiday Hell Yeah! \" released in Japan under the Disk Union/Ska in the World Record label. 2008 : Kokua Festival 2008 w/ Jack Johnson, Dave Matthews\u20142 nights, sold out at the Waikiki Shell. Hawaiian Punch Europe Tour\u2014headlining tour in support of Euro compilation debut of \"Essentials\" from Scorcha Records. 2009: Hawaiian Punch Asia Tour in Japan, China and Hong Kong. Go Jimmy Go's self-titled and 5th full-length album released on Go Jimmy Go Music (US) and Disk Union/Ska in the World Records (Japan). \" Head Up High\" music video recording while touring Japan and released. Space 5-0 Tour co-headling with The Phenomenauts on the West Coast US\u2014the last tour. 2011: 15th Anniversary show. 2016 : Go Jimmy Go celebrated its 20th anniversary and farewell show with a live retrospective of the band's studio catalog featuring members past and present on stage together for a final performance at The Republik in Honolulu. This final performance is the basis of a Fall 2019 feature-length documentary covering the history of Go Jimmy Go, the Hawaii underground music scene, and the emergence of ska in the '90s.", "The band decided that a focus on original music as opposed to covers would set them apart from many of the traditional ska groups currently performing on the scene. \" Egyptian Ska\", \"Mafioso\", and \"Jericho\" were early favorites that were staple tunes in GJG's early set. In 1997, a turning point came when Go Jimmy Go was introduced to Santa Barbara roots reggae favorites Dynamic Pressure, who had recently relocated to the islands. However, the stress of maintaining the band, playing shows and living in a new state were too much and Dynamic Pressure unfortunately disbanded. The premature demise of the group led to former lead singer Jason \"Bison\" Friedmann being offered a spot in Go Jimmy Go. During a show at the Karaoke Ninja House in Honolulu, guitarist Tino Olsen was invited to join the Go Jimmy Go. Olsen's strong song writing and vocal skills were a valuable asset to the group and led to many great GJG songs featuring a solid three part harmony that further strengthened the band's sound. 1998 was an important year for Go Jimmy Go as several high-profile gigs, including the Spring Skalabration, which featured Go Jimmy Go along with ska superstars Hepcat, Save Ferris, and Dance Hall Crashers helped cement the band as Hawaii's premier ska act. Several compilation CDs were released nationally on Stubborn Records and Steadybeat featuring Go Jimmy Go, which helped expose the band to a much wider audience. 1998 also saw the departure of Gordon from the group, as well early studio sessions which helped expose the band to a studio setting, helping pave the way for the group's debut CD \"Slow Time\". Much of 1999 was spent in studio working on \"Slow Time\" as trombonist Fernando Pacheco joined the group. 2000 : Full-length debut album \"Slow Time\" released independently to coincide with their first-ever tour.", "Japan 2009 Jayder - 09 (Jayder Records) 2009 Go Jimmy Go - Go Jimmy Go 2009 Go Jimmy Go - Go Jimmy Go (Ska in the World) Japan 2010 Compilation - Lovers Steady Lesson One (Ska in the World) Japan 2010 Compilation - Heart Breaking Music ( Ska in the World) Japan 2010 Sawbones - Hot as a Whore House on Nickel Night (Jayder Records) 2011 3 Minute Hero - F- (Jayder Records) 2012 Urchinz Cluster 2015 Church of Cash - Self Titled (Jayder Records) 2016 Go Jimmy Go \"A Hui Hou\": 20th Anniversary & Farewell Show CD 2018 Church of Cash - Thank You Sir (Jayder Records) 2019 3 Minute Hero - Jumbo Jet Whispers and Thunder Lizard Serenades Vinyl 2019 Jensen Sisters - Highway Hippie EP (Bass and Production) 2019 Go Jimmy Go \"A Hui Hou\": 20th Anniversary & Farewell Show Documentary DVD Blog: Jayder's Music (http://jayder-records.blogspot.com/)"], "answer": {"text": "In 1984, Johnson was hired by the University of Miami to replace former coach", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_95dbf4bd7399466db7fc964c1bec4d8f_0_q#1", "question": "How did his teams do there?", "rewrite": "How did University of Miami do there?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["FIU \u2013Miami football brawl The FIU\u2013 Miami football brawl was a bench-clearing brawl that occurred on October 14, 2006 in a college football game between the University of Miami Hurricanes and the Florida International University Golden Panthers (now Panthers) at the Miami Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida. The main campuses of Florida International University (FIU) and the University of Miami are only nine miles (15 km) apart. FIU is a public university located in western Miami (playing at FIU Stadium), while the University of Miami is a private university in the suburb of Coral Gables (which at the time played its home games at the Miami Orange Bowl). The 2006 game was intended to be the first in the \"City Line Series,\" an annual series between the two Miami-area schools. Miami was heavily favored over FIU, which was in its fifth season of football and in its second year in the Division I FBS. Throughout the game, players from both teams engaged in trash-talk and were increasingly physical. By the third quarter, officials had called seven penalties (six for FIU and one for Miami). With 9 minutes left in the 3rd quarter, Miami H-back James Bryant caught a 5-yard touchdown pass from quarterback Kyle Wright, making the score 13-0 Miami. After scoring, Bryant pointed towards Miami's West end zone. Bryant, who later transferred to the University of Louisville, was called for unsportsmanlike conduct. During the ensuing PAT attempt, FIU safety Chris Smith wrestled Miami holder Matt Perelli to the ground after the kick and appeared to punch him in the chin. FIU cornerback, Marshall McDuffie, Jr., kicked Perelli in the head. Miami players, including Calais Campbell, came to Perelli's defense, separating Miami and FIU players.", "Miami and Clemson last met in 2009 at Miami in a game won by Clemson 40\u201337. Miami is 5\u20133 all time against Clemson. Jermaine Thomas scored a career-high three touchdowns, all in the first 21 minutes, and Chris Thompson ended the scoring with a 90-yard touchdown run in the 4th quarter. The 90-yard run is the longest run Miami has ever allowed in the history of its football program. The 23rd ranked Seminoles enjoyed a surprisingly easy 45-17 victory. The 45 points is the second-most points Florida State has scored in the series. Miami and Duke last met in 2009 at Miami in a game won by Miami 34\u201316. Miami is 6\u20131 all time against Duke. Miami and North Carolina last met in 2009 at Chapel Hill in a game won by North Carolina 33\u201324. Miami is 5\u20138 all time against North Carolina. Miami and Virginia last met in 2009 at Miami in a game won by Miami 52\u201317. Miami is 5\u20133 all time against Virginia. Miami and Maryland last met in 2006 at College Park in a game won by Maryland 14\u201313. Miami is 7\u20138 all time against Maryland. Miami and Georgia Tech last met in 2009 at Miami in a game won by Miami 33\u201317. Miami is 5\u201310 all time against Georgia Tech. Miami and Virginia Tech last met in 2009 at Blacksburg in a game won by Virginia Tech 31\u20137. Miami is 17\u201310 all time against Virginia Tech. Miami was upset by South Florida losing to the Bulls in over time 23\u201320. Miami is now 2\u20131 all time against South Florida. Head coach Randy Shannon was fired the day following the South Florida loss. On December 12, 2010, ESPN reported that Miami had offered the new head coaching position to former Temple University head coach Al Golden.", "Catholic preparatory schools operated by religious orders are Christopher Columbus High School and Belen Jesuit Preparatory School for boys and Carrollton School of the Sacred Heart and Our Lady of Lourdes Academy for girls. Non-denominational private schools in Miami are Ransom Everglades, Gulliver Preparatory School, and Miami Country Day School. Other schools in the area include Samuel Scheck Hillel Community Day School, Dade Christian School, Palmer Trinity School, Westminster Christian School, and Riviera Schools. Miami has one of the largest television markets in the nation and the second largest in the state of Florida. Miami has several major newspapers, the main and largest newspaper being \"The Miami Herald\". \" El Nuevo Herald\" is the major and largest Spanish-language newspaper. \" The Miami Herald\" and \"El Nuevo Herald\" are Miami's and South Florida's main, major and largest newspapers. The papers left their longtime home in downtown Miami in 2013. The newspapers are now headquartered at the former home of U.S. Southern Command in Doral. Other major newspapers include \"Miami Today\", headquartered in Brickell, \"Miami New Times\", headquartered in Midtown, \"Miami Sun Post\", \"South Florida Business Journal\", \"Miami Times\", and \"Biscayne Boulevard Times\". An additional Spanish-language newspapers, \"Diario Las Americas\" also serve Miami. \" The Miami Herald\" is Miami's primary newspaper with over a million readers and is headquartered in Downtown in Herald Plaza. Several other student newspapers from the local universities, such as the oldest, the University of Miami's \"The Miami Hurricane\", Florida International University's \"The Beacon\", Miami-Dade College's \"The Metropolis\", Barry University's \"The Buccaneer\", amongst others.", "Miami University Miami University (informally Miami of Ohio or simply Miami) is a public research university in Oxford, Ohio. The university was founded in 1809, although classes were not held until 1824. Miami University is the second-oldest university in Ohio and the 10th oldest public university (32nd overall) in the United States. The school's system comprises the main campus in Oxford, as well as regional campuses in nearby Hamilton, Middletown, and West Chester. Miami also maintains an international boarding campus, the Dolibois European Center in Differdange, Luxembourg. The Carnegie Foundation classifies Miami University as a research university with a high research activity. It is affiliated with the University System of Ohio. Miami University is well known for its liberal arts education; it offers more than 120 undergraduate degree programs and over 60 graduate degree programs within its 8 schools and colleges in architecture, business, engineering, humanities and the sciences. In its 2019 edition, \"U.S. News & World Report\" ranked the university 96th among national universities and the 42nd top public university in the United States. Additionally, Miami University is ranked 3rd best national university (2nd among public institutions) for undergraduate teaching. Miami is one of the original eight Public Ivy schools, a group of publicly funded universities considered as providing a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League. Miami University has a long tradition of Greek life; five social Greek-letter organizations were founded at the university earning Miami the nickname \"Mother of Fraternities\". Today, Miami University hosts over 50 fraternity and sorority chapters, and approximately one-third of the undergraduate student population are members of the Greek community. Miami is renowned for its campus' beauty, having been called \"The most beautiful campus that ever there was\" by Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Robert Frost.", "His work can be found in private and public collections in Florida as well as in other states and countries of South America Europe and Asia. In 2010 Emilio H\u00e9ctor presented a group of abstract artists to commemorate a Century since the first abstract artwork by Wassily Kandisnsky. This presentation later continued to become the \u201c7 Plus One Art Project\u201d which has been presenting abstract art exhibitions in diverse institutions such as Miami Dade College, the Koubek Center, Saint Thomas University and the Miami Hispanic Cultural Arts Center. Actually, Emilio Hector conducts this project as its founder and artistic director. In 2014 Emilio H\u00e9ctor was invited to become a member of The Cuban American Phototheque Foundation in recognition of his work in the field of photography. He has presented several solo exhibitions including one in 2015, at Ave Maria University in Ave Maria, Florida, and two in 2014, one at the Miami Dade College-West Gallery and other at Rev. Jorge Sardi\u00f1as Gallery, at Saint Thomas University both in Miami, Florida. 2018 : IMAGES WITHIN: The Wirtz Gallery at the First National Bank of South Miami, Miami, Florida; 2018 : PAS EN AVANT: Miami Hispanic Cultural Arts Center - Miami, Florida; 2017: STEPS AT NIGHT, Art Emporium Gallery of Miami, Miami, Florida; 2017: BORROWED INSTANTS, (Photography) St. Thomas University, Miami Gardens, Florida; 2016: AD LIBITUM, Art Emporium Gallery of Miami, Miami, Florida; 2015: ECCLESIASTICUS, Ave Maria University, Florida; 2014: ECCLESIASTICUS, St. Thomas University, Miami Gardens, Florida; 2014: BASIC: Miami Dade College, Doral, Florida; 2013: ECLECTIC TRIP: Valmar, Miami, Florida; 2012: VOLUMES AND SHAPES: Accent Alternative Art Spaces - Miami, Florida; 2012: PLEASING THE SOUL:"], "answer": {"text": "Johnson started with a shaky 8-5 record his first season,", "answer_start": 315}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Jimmy go to U of M?", "answer": {"text": "In 1984, Johnson was hired by the University of Miami to replace former coach", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95dbf4bd7399466db7fc964c1bec4d8f_0_q#2", "question": "How was his second season?", "rewrite": "How was Johnson's second season?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Several additional songs and music tracks were written by Chris and Braedy Neal, who had previously composed all of the music for the original version of Johnson and Friends, as Fox felt that some of the earlier episodes were \"too quiet\" and didn't fit the atmosphere they wanted for the series. Instrumental versions of preexisting Johnson songs were also used. Series director Ian Munro maintained a level of creative control over the American version of Johnson and Friends and was involved with voice direction. The Fox Cubhouse became a short-lived success, and Fox commissioned additional seasons of 26 episodes of Johnson and Friends, Jim Henson's Animal Show and Rimba's Island for the Cubhouse's second season. However, the second season was a complete revamp and the characters, setting, and the entire premise were changed. Only the programs within the Cubhouse remained the same. Two new shows, Magic Adventures of Mumfie and Budgie the Little Helicopter were also added to the series. While previous Cubhouse episodes would featured two episodes of Johnson and Friends, the second season sometimes paired a single episode with an episode of Budgie the Little Helicopter or Magic Adventures of Mumfie (due to the fact that all three programs had a running time of ten minutes). The Fox Cubhouse was taken off the air in early-mid 1996 and has not aired since. It is believed by former members of WQED that most if not all of the master tapes of the program were wiped or junked, however several master copies of the Americanized Johnson and Friends episodes are known to exist.", "Boardwalk Empire (season 2) The second season of the HBO television series \"Boardwalk Empire\" premiered on September 25, 2011 and concluded on December 11, 2011, consisting of 12 episodes. The series was created by Terence Winter and based on the book \"Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times and Corruption of Atlantic City\" by Nelson Johnson. Set in Atlantic City, New Jersey, during the Prohibition era, the series stars Steve Buscemi as Enoch \"Nucky\" Thompson (based on the historical Enoch L. Johnson), a political figure who rose to prominence and controlled Atlantic City, New Jersey, during the Prohibition period of the 1920s and 1930s. The second season takes place between February and August 1921. The second season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on August 28, 2012. Jack Huston and Gretchen Mol were promoted to series regulars for the second season after appearing in several episodes during the first season. < onlyinclude> The second season of \"Boardwalk Empire\" received overwhelming acclaim reviews from critics. On the review aggregator website Metacritic, the second season scored 81/100 based on 14 reviews. Another aggregator website, Rotten Tomatoes, reported 85% of critics gave the second season a \"Certified Fresh\" rating, based on 13 reviews with an average score of 8/10, with the site consensus stating \"Boardwalk Empire delves deeper into both its intriguing supporting players and its rich tapestry of moral ambiguity.\" The second season received 12 Primetime Emmy Award nominations for the 64th Primetime Emmy Awards and won 4 altogether. The series received its second consecutive nomination for Outstanding Drama Series, while Steve Buscemi was nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series.", "Secretly living with minimal supervision or nurturing in her life, she must take care of herself and isn't afraid to get into murky waters to make a little cash. This includes working cons on the adults around her, including Joe Goldberg.\" On February 1, 2019, \"Deadline Hollywood\" reported that Ambyr Childers had been promoted to a series regular role, ahead of the premiere of the second season. On February 6, 2019, Adwin Brown was cast in the recurring role of Calvin on the second season. On February 15, 2019, Robin Lord Taylor was cast in the recurring role of Will on the second season. On February 21, 2019, Carmela Zumbado was cast in the series regular role of Delilah Alves on the second season. On March 4, 2019, Marielle Scott had been cast in the recurring role of Lucy on the second season. On March 5, 2019, Chris D\u2019Elia was cast in the recurring role of Henderson on the second season. On March 26, 2019, Charlie Barnett was cast in the recurring role of Gabe on the second season. On April 4, 2019, Melanie Field and Magda Apanowicz were cast in recurring roles as Sunrise and Sandy, respectively. On June 4, 2019, Danny Vasquez had been cast in a recurring role. On June 24, 2019, it was confirmed that John Stamos will reprise his role, as Dr. Nicky in the second season. On October 17, 2019, Elizabeth Lail confirmed in a BUILD Series interview that she will reprise her role as Guinevere Beck in a guest appearance on the second season. Filming for the second season took place on location in Los Angeles, California from February 2019 to June 2019.", "Cloak & Dagger (season 2) The second season of the American cable television series \"Cloak & Dagger\", based on the Marvel Comics characters of the same name, sees Tandy Bowen / Dagger and Tyrone Johnson / Cloak use their superpowers together. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise. The season is produced by ABC Signature Studios, Marvel Television, and Wandering Rocks Productions, with Pokaski serving as showrunner. Olivia Holt and Aubrey Joseph star as Bowen and Johnson, with Gloria Reuben, Andrea Roth, J. D. Evermore, and Emma Lahana also starring. In July 2018, the series was renewed for a second season, with filming beginning that October. The season premiered on April 4, 2019, and concluded on May 30 on Freeform. < onlyinclude> On July 20, 2018, Freeform renewed the series for a 10-episode second season. The majority of the writers for the first season return for the second. During the first season, showrunner Joe Pokaski noted the final episode would leave \"some stuff open, intentionally\" to be addressed in the second season, though its post-credit scene was \"tremendously definitive\" and would \"help define some of the\" direction for the second season; this scene establishes Brigid O'Reilly as a threat to the heroes, while the announcement trailer for the second season teased the inclusion of her comics alter ego Mayhem. Pokaski compared the character to the villain Killmonger from Marvel's \"Black Panther\" (2018) in that he believed she would be a villain that the audience could relate to, describing her as \"kind of what we wish we all were if we didn\u2019t face consequences\".", "Masters of Sex (season 2) The second season of the American television drama series \"Masters of Sex\" premiered on July 13, 2014, and concluded on September 28, 2014. Showtime broadcast the twelve episode second season on Sundays at 10:00 pm (ET) in the United States. The second season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on May 5, 2015. The series was developed for television by Michelle Ashford and is based on the biography \"\" by Thomas Maier. \"Masters of Sex\" tells the story of Dr. William Masters (Michael Sheen) and Virginia Johnson (Lizzy Caplan), two pioneering researchers of human sexuality at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. The second season takes place between 1958 and 1961. Showtime renewed the series for a second season of 12 episodes on October 22, 2013. In March 2014, Showtime announced the season would premiere in July 2014 as opposed to in the fall as the first season did. Annaleigh Ashford, who had a recurring role in the first season as Betty Dimello, was promoted to series regular for season two. Nicholas D'Agosto, who portrays Dr. Ethan Haas does not return as a series regular in season two, however he has a voice-only role in the season premiere. Several new recurring roles were cast for the second season, including Betsy Brandt and Keke Palmer in March 2014, Sarah Silverman in April, Ren\u00e9 Auberjonois, Christian Borle, and Courtney B. Vance in May, and Erin Cummings in June. Auberjonois and Cummings however, ultimately only appeared in single episodes. < onlyinclude> The second season of \"Masters of Sex\" has received acclaim from critics. The season has a Metacritic score of 89 out of 100 based on 15 reviews."], "answer": {"text": "In his five years at Miami, Johnson compiled a 52-9", "answer_start": 746}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Jimmy go to U of M?", "answer": {"text": "In 1984, Johnson was hired by the University of Miami to replace former coach", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did his teams do there?", "answer": {"text": "Johnson started with a shaky 8-5 record his first season,", "answer_start": 315, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95dbf4bd7399466db7fc964c1bec4d8f_0_q#4", "question": "did he have any famous players there", "rewrite": "did Johnson have any famous players in Miami?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Famous Players Famous Players was a Canadian-based film exhibitor and cable television service provider. Famous Players operated numerous movie theatre locations in Canada from British Columbia to Newfoundland and Labrador. The company was owned by Viacom Canada but was sold to Onex Corporation-owned Cineplex Galaxy LP in 2005. Famous Players Canadian Corporation dates back to the early days of Famous Players Film Company (later Paramount Pictures), founded in 1912, as its earliest predecessor, though that company did not have any operations in Canada until 1920, when it bought Nathan Nathanson's Paramount Theatre chain, which Nathanson had established four years earlier. Nathanson, along with being the 5th richest person in the world, became the first president of the resulting entity, Famous Players Canadian Corporation Limited. In 1923, Famous Players bought out rival Allen Theatres, acquiring many buildings in the process . The Famous Players Theatres chain was always strongly linked with Paramount, and was a wholly owned subsidiary of Paramount Communications at the time that firm was acquired by Viacom in 1994. Some of the most high-profile and popular theatres in the Famous Players chain were the Imperial and the Uptown in Toronto; and the Capitol, Orpheum, Stanley, and Strand in Vancouver. Originally began with 13 theatres located in Ontario and British Columbia, the company quickly expanded its holdings to 100 by the end of 1926. Until the 1950s, the company continued to build its operations in the movie theatre sector. In 1952, however, Famous Players began to invest in the new technology. First, the company purchased the rights to a coinbox system that connected to television sets. A year later, it purchased its first broadcasting assets, CKCO-TV in Kitchener, Ontario and CFCM-TV in Quebec City. At the end of the 1950s, the company acquired the first of many cable TV companies it would come to own, thus adding control over the distribution of its TV product.", "Famous Players Development Corp., an arms-length real estate company spun off from Famous Players Ltd. in the 1970s, and based in New York, attempted to negotiate with the Michigan owner to renew the lease at a more favourable rate. When the lease expired with no agreement in place, the owner announced her intention to approach Famous Players' rival cinema chain, Cineplex Odeon. The representatives for Famous Players Development suggested that Cineplex Odeon would have no use for \"half a theatre\". However, Garth Drabinsky, (CEO of Cineplex Odeon at the time), flew to Michigan the same day that his company was contacted by the owner's lawyers, and signed a lease. The following day, May 31, 1986, with the assistance of a bailiff and paid security, Cineplex Odeon seized control of the north half of the Imperial Six. This effectively locked Famous Players out of their flagship downtown Toronto theatre, including the theatre offices, all the lobby space, four of the six projection booths, all of Cinema 2, and the back half of Cinemas 5 and 6. Temporary walls were erected to keep Famous Players out of Cineplex Odeon's space. Cineplex Odeon made plans to open their half of the theatre despite the lack of an entrance on Yonge Street. This meant replacing the fire exits, which were all on the Famous Players' end of the main theatre building. Initial plans were to completely gut their half and build a new multiplex cinema, which would augment the nearby Eaton Centre Cineplex, increasing their presence in downtown Toronto. However, because of the elegant grand lobby, vaulted ornate plaster ceilings, columns and grand staircase, plans to gut the building and build as many as eight screens were dropped, and instead plans were drawn up for a three-screen cinema utilizing as much of the existing interior as possible.", "Famous Players-Lasky Famous Players-Lasky Corporation was an American motion picture and distribution company created on July 19, 1916, from the merger of Adolph Zukor's Famous Players Film Company\u2014originally formed by Zukor as Famous Players in Famous Plays\u2014and the Jesse L. Lasky Feature Play Company. The deal, guided by president Zukor, eventually resulted in the incorporation of eight film production companies, making the Famous Players-Lasky Corporation one of the biggest players of the silent film era. Famous Players-Lasky, under the direction of Zukor, is perhaps best known for its vertical integration of the film industry and block booking practices. In September 1927, Famous Players-Lasky was reorganized under the name Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation, later becoming the Paramount Pictures Corporation (now a division of Viacom). The Balaban and Katz Historical Foundation now owns the Famous Players trademark. In 2017, Paramount started a secondary film division known as Paramount Players, which acknowledges their heritage under the Famous Players name. The former Famous Players-Lasky Movie Ranch at Lasky Mesa in the Simi Hills is now within the Upper Las Virgenes Canyon Open Space Preserve. The Astoria studio was designated a national historic district and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The district encompasses six contributing buildings. In 1914, film-production companies Famous Players Films (founded in 1912 by Adolph Zukor in partnership with the Frohman brothers) and Jesse L. Lasky Feature Plays (founded in 1911) signed a distribution deal with Paramount Pictures Corporation (founded by William Wadsworth Hodkinson in 1914). Under the agreement Hodkinson would distribute the two companies' films through a 65/35 arrangement in which the producer agreed to take only 65% of film profits with 35% of the gross revenue going to Hodkinson's Paramount.", "Revenues declined during the late 20th century, and Famous Players closed the Stanley, which was by then the oldest operating movie theatre in Vancouver, on September 25, 1991 after a final showing of the Stanley regular \"Fantasia\" (the theatre had previously shown \"Fantasia\" at least four times, in 1977, 1979, 1980\u20131981 and 1990). Its closure was part of a long trend: The number of Famous Players theatres had dropped from 419 in 1954 to 196 in 1969, and would fall to eighty, some in partnership with other companies, by the time it was taken over by Cineplex Galaxy Entertainment in 2005. Other Vancouver-area Famous Players movie theatres closed, sold or torn down in this period included the Regent (1958), the Strand (1973), the original Capitol (1974), the Orpheum (1974), the Fine Arts (1989), Denman Place (1989), Park Royal (1993), the Park (2005), and the Capitol 6 (2005). Famous Players put the Stanley up for sale in the spring of 1991, with the condition that it not be used as a movie theatre. In the months leading up to the Stanley's closure, Famous Players had a conditional sale agreement for the theatre with Vancouver developer Sandy Cox, who was planning to keep the Stanley's facade and convert the interior into retail space. The Vancouver City Council received a proposal to change the building to retail use, which it approved, but the planned development was abandoned, and the building remained vacant for several years. During the early 1990s, a \"Save Our Stanley\" campaign was begun to preserve the building and prevent commercial redevelopment of the space. In 1994, the Stanley Theatre Society was formed to try to buy the Stanley for the Arts Club Theatre Company, and in 1997 it purchased the theatre from Famous Players for $3,173,000.", "As the industry grew, starting in the mid-1960s, so did the assets of Famous Players in this segment. In 1971, the company sold off the majority of its shareholdings in its movie theatre and other non-TV-related entertainment holdings to Gulf + Western Canada and subsequently changed its name to Canadian Cablesystems Limited, reflecting the new focus of its operations. Canadian Cablesystems was the owner and operator of Metro Cable, which served parts of Metro Toronto, as well as a minority shareholder in several other cable companies, until it was purchased by Rogers Cablesystems Ltd. (founded by Ted Rogers) in 1978. Most famously, Famous Players Theatres allowed the lease on a property containing the entrance of one of its flagship Toronto locations, the Imperial Six, to lapse in 1986. Cineplex immediately took over the lease, denying Famous Players Theatres access to the portion of the property that they already owned outright. Famous Players eventually sold its property to Cineplex Odeon Cinemas, on the condition it never again be used to show filmed entertainment. Cineplex's live-theatre division renovated the theatre; renamed the Pantages Theatre, it hosted \"The Phantom of the Opera\" for ten years. The theatre was renamed the Canon in 2001 and then again in 2011 as the Ed Mirvish Theatre, which it is currently known, in honour of the popular businessman and ironically Mr. Drabinsky's main competitor in live theatre in Toronto. Famous Players expanded throughout the 1990s. Under chairman John Bailey, Famous Players re-built its infrastructure from 1997 to 2003 with new \"megaplex\" theatre brands featuring stadium seating, such as SilverCity and Coliseum, with food courts and video games."], "answer": {"text": "Bernie Kosar's", "answer_start": 346}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Jimmy go to U of M?", "answer": {"text": "In 1984, Johnson was hired by the University of Miami to replace former coach", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did his teams do there?", "answer": {"text": "Johnson started with a shaky 8-5 record his first season,", "answer_start": 315, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was his second season?", "answer": {"text": "In his five years at Miami, Johnson compiled a 52-9", "answer_start": 746, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did he stay at Miami", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95dbf4bd7399466db7fc964c1bec4d8f_0_q#5", "question": "Did he set any records there", "rewrite": "Did Johnson set any records in Miami?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["But Paterno and the coaching staff were most livid about a blown call with 40 seconds remaining in regulation and the score tied at 21\u201321. Receiver Tony Johnson had just made a leaping catch of a Mills pass at the Michigan 22. The side judge ruled Johnson out of bounds despite replays showing he had both feet at least a yard inbounds. Numerous replays on TV showed the large divot in the field where Johnson's feet had landed. Instead of a field goal opportunity to win the game in regulation, the game was forced into overtime. Larry Johnson set Penn State's single-game rushing record as the Nittany Lions shut out the Wildcats 49\u20130. Johnson rushed for 257 yards on 23 carries and scored twice before sitting out the final 28 minutes. In all, twelve Penn State players carried the ball for a total of 423 yards. The defense recorded its first shutout since the 1999 Alamo Bowl, holding the Wildcats to 9 yards rushing and 202 total yards. The Buckeyes defense held Zack Mills to only 98 yards passing and intercepted three passes, including one by Chris Gamble returned for a touchdown, to beat the Nittany Lions 13\u20137. Penn State was held to only 179 yards of offense and eight first downs, fewest under Joe Paterno. Despite this, Penn State led 7\u20133 at halftime and very nearly won the game at the end. Larry Johnson set the school record for rushing yards in a game, beating his own record from two weeks prior, as the Nittany Lions beat the Fighting Illini 18\u20137. Johnson rushed for 279 yards on 31 carries, including an 84-yard touchdown run. The Penn State defense went 11-plus quarters without allowing a touchdown before Illinois scored with 5:22 remaining. The defense held the Cavaliers to only 30 yards rushing as Penn State won 35\u201314.", "Michigan State (152 yards on 19 carries), and Indiana (163 yards on 34 carries). On November 16, 1968, in his next-to-last game for Michigan, Johnson set an NCAA record by rushing for 347 yards on 31 carries (11.2 yards per carry) against Wisconsin. He also scored a Big Ten record five rushing touchdowns in Michigan's 34\u20139 victory over the Badgers. The \"Chicago Tribune\" hailed Johnson's performance against Wisconsin as \"the most explosive display of running in the proud history of the Big Ten conference. \" As of 2014, his 347 rushing yards remains a Michigan single-game rushing record. Johnson also set several career and season records at Michigan. His 2,524 rushing yards set a new career rushing record at Michigan, eclipsing the record set by Tom Harmon from 1938 to 1940. He also set Big Ten single-season records with 92 points scored and 1,017 rushing yards in seven conference games during the 1968 season. During the 1968 season, Johnson also set Michigan single-season records with 19 rushing touchdowns (breaking a record set by Tom Harmon in 1940), 139.1 rushing yards per game, and 1,557 combined rushing/receiving yards. Michigan head coach Bump Elliott credited Johnson's success to his instincts: \" I just think it's instinct. He's a strong runner and has great instincts.\" Ohio State University assistant coach Esco Sarkkinen credited Johnson's physique: \"Johnson has good size, speed, agility and balance. But his extraordinary physique give him the ability to shake off tacklers. \" Johnson himself credited his ability to find an opening as his main asset: \"Picking the hole is what I think I do best. It's more instinct than anything else. You either have it or you don't.", "He enjoyed a breakout season, hitting .321, with 12 home runs and 68 RBIs. In the NL batting race, Johnson finished second to Michael Cuddyer. Johnson signed a three-year extension worth $23.5 million on May 2, 2014. The deal includes a team option worth $10 million. He regressed in 2014, while attempting to hit for more power. Johnson set a career high in strikeouts, and his walk rate fell. After continuing to decline in 2015, Johnson lost his starting role to Juan Uribe, who the Braves acquired from the Los Angeles Dodgers during the season. Johnson was pushed into a reserve role, often starting only against left handed pitchers. After Freddie Freeman suffered a wrist injury, Johnson occasionally started at first base, but still saw less playing time than in past seasons. Johnson expressed an interest in being traded at the trade deadline, in the hope of getting more playing time with another team. However, it was Uribe who was traded near the deadline. In addition, Freeman returned from the disabled list and Johnson was expected to regain his starting role at third base. On August 7, 2015, Johnson was traded to the Cleveland Indians in exchange for Nick Swisher, Michael Bourn, and cash considerations. Johnson appeared in 27 games with the Indians, batting .289 with four doubles, one home run, and seven RBIs. On December 22, 2015, the Indians released him. On January 13, 2016, Johnson signed a one-year contract with the Miami Marlins. On February 13, 2017, Johnson signed a minor league contract with the Baltimore Orioles, that included an invitation to major league spring training. He was released on March 27 but re-signed a couple of days later. He elected free agency on November 6, 2017. On January 24, 2019, Johnson signed a minor league contract with the Chicago White Sox. He was released on March 20, 2019.", "Skunk Works Skunk Works is an official pseudonym for Lockheed Martin's Advanced Development Programs (ADP), formerly called Lockheed Advanced Development Projects. It is responsible for a number of aircraft designs, including the U-2, the Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird, the Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk, Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor, and the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, which are used in the air forces of several countries. Its name was taken from the moonshine factory in the comic strip \"Li'l Abner\". The designation \"skunk works\" or \"skunkworks\" is widely used in business, engineering, and technical fields to describe a group within an organization given a high degree of autonomy and unhampered by bureaucracy, with the task of working on advanced or secret projects. There are conflicting observations about the birth of Skunk Works. Ben Rich and \"Kelly\" Johnson set the origin as June 1943 in Burbank, California; they relate essentially the same chronology in their autobiographies. Theirs is the official Lockheed Skunk Works story: Warren M. Bodie, journalist, historian, and Skunk Works engineer from 1977 to 1984, wrote that engineering independence, elitism and secrecy of the Skunk Works variety were demonstrated earlier when Lockheed was asked by Lieutenant Benjamin S. Kelsey (later air force brigadier general) to build for the United States Army Air Corps a high speed, high altitude fighter to compete with German aircraft. In July 1938, while the rest of Lockheed was busy tooling up to build Hudson reconnaissance bombers to fill a British contract, a small group of engineers was assigned to fabricate the first prototype of what would become the P-38 Lightning. Kelly Johnson set them apart from the rest of the factory in a walled-off section of one building, off limits to all but those involved directly.", "In 2000, Johnson was selected for the Buckeyes' All-Century Team, and he was inducted into the OSU Athletics in 2007, presented during halftime of the Akron game A superb rusher and blocker, Johnson excelled at running back for the Bengals. He was the team's leading rusher for all seven seasons he played for them, and scored 12 or more rushing touchdowns in three different seasons. His best season was in 1981, where he made his only Pro Bowl selection. Johnson set career highs in rushing (1,077 yards), receptions (46), receiving yards (320) and touchdowns (16), leading the team to a with home field advantage for the In the postseason, Johnson helped the team record their first ever playoff win by rushing for 45 yards, catching 3 passes for 23 yards, and scoring a touchdown in the Bengals' divisional victory over the Buffalo Bills. In the AFC title game (known in NFL lore as the Freezer Bowl), Johnson rushed for 80 yards and a touchdown, while also catching a 14-yard reception as the team defeated the high-scoring San Diego Chargers to earn their first Super Bowl appearance. Cincinnati lost Super Bowl XVI at the Pontiac Silverdome to the San Francisco 49ers, who limited Johnson to just 36 rushing yards and 8 receiving yards. In 1984, Johnson was traded to the Chargers in exchange for running back James Brooks. He left Cincinnati as their all-time leader in rushing yards (5,421), touchdowns (70), and second all-time scorer with 420 points. Johnson spent the first three games of the 1984 season with Chargers and spent the final 13 games with Miami before retiring after the season ended. In his eight NFL seasons, Johnson rushed for 5,626 yards, caught 175 passes for 1,334 yards, and scored 82 touchdowns (76 rushing, 6 receiving)."], "answer": {"text": "Johnson was inducted into the University of Miami Sports Hall of Fame in 1996.", "answer_start": 1186}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Jimmy go to U of M?", "answer": {"text": "In 1984, Johnson was hired by the University of Miami to replace former coach", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did his teams do there?", "answer": {"text": "Johnson started with a shaky 8-5 record his first season,", "answer_start": 315, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was his second season?", "answer": {"text": "In his five years at Miami, Johnson compiled a 52-9", "answer_start": 746, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did he stay at Miami", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any famous players there", "answer": {"text": "Bernie Kosar's", "answer_start": 346, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_95dbf4bd7399466db7fc964c1bec4d8f_0_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Johnson playing in Miami are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Elina Pohjanp\u00e4\u00e4 Armi Elina Annikki Pohjanp\u00e4\u00e4 (8 April 1933 in Helsinki \u2013 13 January 1996) was a Finnish actress. Her theatrical career lasted for 40 years, and in addition, she appeared in several Finnish films by directors such as Ilmari Unho, Aarne Tarkas and Matti Kassila. Pohjanp\u00e4\u00e4's career started in a Kotka City Theatre in 1952 where she also met her future husband Pentti Siimes. The two got married in 1956, and their marriage lasted until Pohjanp\u00e4\u00e4's death. After a year in Kotka, Pohjanp\u00e4\u00e4 started to work for Helsinki City Theatre where she stayed employed for the rest of her life. Elina Pohjanp\u00e4\u00e4 was 17 years old when she made her first film appearance in a film \" Amor hoi!\" (1950). Her first leading role came a year later with \"Kuisma ja Helin\u00e4\" (1951). All in all, Pohjanp\u00e4\u00e4 appeared in 29 films. Often she and Pentti Siimes were seen together in films such as \"Tytt\u00f6 l\u00e4htee kasarmiin\" (1956) and \"Rakas varkaani\" (1957). Their real-life wedding was seen in \"Rakas varkaani\", which was also the only film in which they were seen as lovers.", "The Horizon (web series) The Horizon is a web series which premiered on YouTube. It is the most watched online series made out of Australia and the most watched LGBTQI web series in the world. The Horizon was created by Adam Jones and Boaz Stark. Season 1 was written in 2009 by Boaz Stark (a scriptwriter for 25 years, former writer of \"Sons and Daughters\", \"Neighbours\", \"Always Greener\" and \"Packed to the Rafters\"). Season 1 was produced by Mark Benko Ure and Christian Taylor and directed by Boaz Stark and Mark Benko Ure. Seasons 2, 3 and 4 were written and directed by Boaz Stark and produced by Brian Cobb and his company Cobbstar Productions. Brian had two short films chosen and screened at the 2012 and 2013 Cannes film festival. \"The Horizon\" is made in partnership with the Aids Council of New South Wales (ACON). The budget for the 1st series was $3,000 (Australian dollars) but it went viral. Now with eight seasons available for view at thehorizon.tv, the series has significantly higher production values and stands at over 63,000,000+ views, growing by 80,000 views daily (March 2018). It is the most successful online series made in Australia and the most watched LGBTQI web series in the world. Season 1 starred Patrick James, Jay Duncan, Andrew Perry and Sammy Rodriguez. Season 2 starred Alistair Cooke, Patrick James, Indigo Felton, Sam David Harris, Adam George and Rebecca Sunshine. Seasons 3 and 4 starred Patrick James, Indigo Felton, Paul Layton, Adam George, Sarah Louella, Matthew C Clarke and Francis Mossman. \"Low budget productions can be a challenge \u2013 every penny counts when creating a production such as \"The Horizon\".", "The 2004\u201305 season (the first as the Championship, the new name for the old First Division), was a great success for Derby, as they finished 4th and qualified for the play-offs, though injuries to key players I\u00f1igo Idiakez and Grzegorz Rasiak meant they lost in the play-off semi-final to Preston. The 2005\u201306 season saw Johnson named as captain, a role he held until 2006 when he was named club captain. It was a disappointing for Derby as a pre-season change of manager and the sale of several key players meant that the club finished 20th, with Johnson playing 31 games and scoring once. The 2006\u201307 season began well for Derby. After being top of the table for most of the season, the team slipped away towards the end of the season, finishing third and qualifying for the play-offs. After beating Southampton 3\u20132 on aggregate in the semi-finals, Derby beat West Bromwich Albion 1\u20130 in the final. Despite missing the end of the season (including all three play-off games) through injury, Johnson made 29 league appearances, scoring once. The 2007\u201308 season saw Johnson, now 34 years old, relegated to fifth-choice centre back. Consequently, in September 2007, Johnson joined Sheffield Wednesday on an emergency one-month loan deal. He made his debut on 22 September and made an impact as Wednesday picked up their first points of the season (which was 9 games old) in a 1\u20130 win against Hull City at Hillsborough. His loan was extended for a third and final month in November 2007, with Johnson playing 13 league games for Wednesday before returning to Derby at the end of December 2007. On 26 December 2007, Johnson returned to the Derby team to face Liverpool, coming on as a first-half substitute.", "Arvi Pohjanp\u00e4\u00e4 Sulo Arvi Pohjanp\u00e4\u00e4 (10 July 1887 \u2013 21 December 1959) was a Finnish Olympic gymnast, judge and writer. He won the Finnish national championship in team gymnastics as a member of Ylioppilasvoimistelijat in 1909. He took his matriculation exam in Tampere real lycaeum in 1905. He graduated as a Master of Laws from the University of Helsinki in 1910. He received the title varatuomari in 1913. Beginning in 1911, he worked various duties in the legal system. Eventually, he was a judge advocate general in the superior court martial in 1931\u20131952, and then a Judge of the Court of Appeal in the Helsinki Court of Appeal in 1952\u20131954. He sentenced Martta Koskinen, the last woman executed in Finland, to death as chief justice of the case. He also was the chief justice in the case of Hella Wuolijoki and voted for death, although she received life imprisonment. He first published work was a short story collection \"Tuntureilta\" in 1913. His debut as a playwright, \"Vala\", was premiered by the Finnish National Theatre in 1918. His play \"Jumalan k\u00e4skynhaltija\" was adapted into film \"Jumalan tuomio\" in 1939. He was the secretary of the Union of Finnish Writers in 1919\u20131920. He received the following honorary awards: His parents were master tailor Kaarle Henrik Pohjanp\u00e4\u00e4 and Ida Vilhelmina Kourlaa. His first wife was Lempi Vilma Ranttila (1892\u20131947), married in 1922. They had children: His second wife was Aila Tellervo Heikinheimo (1919\u2013), married in 1953.", "F.C. United initially proposed a stadium at Ten Acres Lane in Newton Heath, on the site of an existing leisure centre and Astroturf outdoor football pitch. The plans indicated that these community facilities would have been maintained within the new scheme. Newton Heath is 2.8 miles (4.5 km) east north east of Manchester city centre and has close links to Manchester United, who were formed in the urban area and were originally known as Newton Heath LYR Football Club between 1878 and 1902. However, on 4 March 2011 it was announced that Manchester City Council had backed out of plans to fund the new stadium with grants, despite the fact that the previously agreed \u00a31.5 million was close to being raised by fans, and F.C. United moved to search for other sites. Despite this the Council stated that they were still committed to helping F.C. United build a ground in Manchester and on 5 April 2011 it was announced that, after considering three possible alternative sites, Ronald Johnson Playing Fields in Moston was the preferred location for the stadium to be built according to Manchester City Council. Moston Juniors is a youth football club, formed in 1993. The club has Active Sports and Charity Club status and was the first club in Manchester to receive FA Charter Standard Community Club status. The club signed the lease for Ronald Johnson Playing fields in 2007, with work to improve the site being completed in 2009 due to a grant from Manchester City Council and the Football Foundation. The club had further plans with the help of a proposed \u00a3750,000 council grant to build a clubhouse and upgrade their pitches, however they were unable to secure sufficient additional funding to make the project happen. On announcement of the intended redevelopment of the Ronald Johnson Playing fields into a new stadium, Moston Juniors entered into a partnership with F.C. United and Manchester City Council so that they could lease the new ground facilities."], "answer": {"text": "Johnson created a free-wheeling atmosphere where he allowed, and at times encouraged, his players to showboat, trash-talk, and run up the score.", "answer_start": 946}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Jimmy go to U of M?", "answer": {"text": "In 1984, Johnson was hired by the University of Miami to replace former coach", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did his teams do there?", "answer": {"text": "Johnson started with a shaky 8-5 record his first season,", "answer_start": 315, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was his second season?", "answer": {"text": "In his five years at Miami, Johnson compiled a 52-9", "answer_start": 746, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did he stay at Miami", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any famous players there", "answer": {"text": "Bernie Kosar's", "answer_start": 346, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he set any records there", "answer": {"text": "Johnson was inducted into the University of Miami Sports Hall of Fame in 1996.", "answer_start": 1186, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_95dbf4bd7399466db7fc964c1bec4d8f_1_q#0", "question": "What was Jimmy Johnson's first coaching job?", "rewrite": "What was Jimmy Johnson's first coaching job?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Aimee Boorman Aimee Boorman (born Aimee Banghart; March 27, 1973, Chicago, Illinois, United States) is an American artistic gymnastics coach. She was the head coach for 2013, 2014, and 2015 world champion, and 2016 Olympic All-Around gold medalist Simone Biles. Boorman was named to head the USA women's gymnastics team for the Olympics in 2016. Aimee Boorman was born and raised by a single mother in the Rogers Park area of Chicago. She began gymnastics classes with the Chicago Park District at age 6. To help earn money at age 13, she started coaching at the Lakeshore gymnastics club. She attended Lane Technical High School, which had a strong gymnastics program, where she excelled in floor exercises, winning the city championship in that event, as a freshman. She realized she would not become an Olympic gymnast herself, but she considered continuing in the sport as a coach. In college at Northern Illinois University she became a member of the sorority, Delta Phi Epsilon (social) and while at first reluctant to continue coaching and pursue a degree, she missed the sport and took a part-time coaching position. She graduated with a business degree related to sports management in 1995. That same year, when her friend had interviews in Houston, she went along on a whim and lined up interviews for herself. She was offered a coaching job. Boorman's first coaching job in Texas was at Cypress Academy of Gymnastics located in Houston. Boorman started working at Bannon's Gymnastix in 1996. She has been coaching Simone Biles since 2005, when Biles was eight years old. Biles rose to prominence in 2013 after becoming U.S. national champion and world all-around champion in her senior debut. Boorman was the head coach at Bannon's, where Biles trained under her, until 2014, when they both left.", "Mike Keenan Michael Edward Keenan (born October 21, 1949) is a Canadian professional hockey coach who most recently coached the Kunlun Red Star of the Kontinental Hockey League. Previously, he served as head coach and/or general manager with several NHL teams between 1984 and 2009. He has also worked as an analyst for the New York Rangers on MSG Network and as a hockey analyst for NBC Sports Network. Keenan won a Stanley Cup championship as coach of the New York Rangers in 1994. He also won the Gagarin Cup while coaching Metallurg Magnitogorsk in 2014. His first coaching job was at Forest Hill Collegiate Institute in Toronto, Ontario, where he coached the varsity hockey team. In 1977 he became the coach of the Oshawa Legionaires of the Metro Junior B Hockey League, where he led them to back-to-back championships in 1979 and 1980. The following year he began his junior coaching career with the Peterborough Petes before moving on to the Rochester Americans, which he guided to the American Hockey League championship in 1983. He returned to the University of Toronto to lead it to the CIAU title. He then landed his first high-profile job with the Philadelphia Flyers in 1984, then the Chicago Blackhawks in 1988. In 1993, he took the job as New York Rangers head coach, and led the franchise to its first Stanley Cup win since 1940. Prior to the 1993 season, he was also a candidate for the Detroit Red Wings head coaching job that eventually went to Scotty Bowman. The 1994 season saw Keenan become the first to coach two teams to a Game 7 in the Stanley Cup Finals, having previously coached the Flyers in a losing effort against the Edmonton Oilers in 1987. He was followed in this feat in by Mike Babcock of the Detroit Red Wings.", "Luginbill's short playing career lead him into coaching in four professional football leagues\u2014the XFL, NFL Europe, the Arena Football League, and af2. Luginbill's first coaching job was as a player personnel/coaching assistant with his father for the Amsterdam Admirals in 1996 and 1997. He then joined the AFL's New York CityHawks in 1998 as QB coach and offensive coordinator. Luginbill's first head coaching job was for af2's Tennessee Valley Vipers in 2000 where he was a 25-year-old head coach that lead his team to the ArenaCup championship in their inaugural season. When the XFL was formed in 2001, Luginbill again went to work with his father as assistant for the league champion Los Angeles Xtreme. He was the QB coach for league MVP Tommy Maddox prior to Maddox moving back into the National Football League. Luginbill then moved on to the NFL with the Dallas Cowboys and then the AFL's Dallas Desperados as the offensive coordinator and player personnel director. He then got a new head coaching job with the Detroit Fury in 2002 before the franchise folded in 2004. He would finish the season with the Fury before moving on to work for Scouts Inc. as an NFL personnel evaluator which has led to his current role as National Recruiting Director for ESPN's college football recruiting service Scouts Inc.", "In 1984, when he was offered the head coaching job at Miami, Jimmy Johnson was unsure if he wanted to leave Stillwater. His good friend Larry Lacewell told Johnson that if he wanted to win a national championship and eventually coach in the NFL he had to take the Miami job. Johnson soon after accepted the head coaching job at Miami. Jimmy Johnson left OSU with an overall record of 29\u201325\u20133. Pat Jones was promoted from assistant coach to head coach following Johnson's departure. He served as head coach of the Oklahoma State Cowboys from 1984 to 1994 after five years as an assistant under Jimmy Johnson. During his 11 years at Oklahoma State, he compiled a 62\u201360\u20133 record, including a 3\u20131 bowl game record. Jones was named Big Eight Coach of the Year in both 1984 and 1992. From 1984 to 1988, Jones led the Cowboys to the most successful period in school history at the time. With a talented roster that included running backs Barry Sanders and Thurman Thomas, wide receiver Hart Lee Dykes and quarterback Mike Gundy, they went 44\u201315 over this five-year stretch, including the school's first three-year stretch of ten-win seasons. Running back Barry Sanders played for the Cowboys from 1986 to 1988. During his first two seasons at Oklahoma State, he backed up All-American Thurman Thomas. In 1987, Sanders led the nation in yards per kickoff return (31.6), while also rushing for over 600 yards and scoring 8 touchdowns. Thomas moved on to the NFL, and Sanders became the starter for his junior year. In 1988, in what has been called the greatest individual season in college football history, Sanders led the nation by averaging 7.6 yards per carry and over 200 yards per game, including rushing for over 300 yards in four games.", "Dave Wannstedt Dave Wannstedt (born May 21, 1952) is a former American football coach. He has been the head coach of the Chicago Bears and Miami Dolphins of the National Football League. He was also the head coach of the University of Pittsburgh football team from 2005 to 2010. He also was a long-time assistant to Jimmy Johnson with the Dallas Cowboys, Miami Hurricanes, and Oklahoma State Cowboys as well as an associate of Johnson when both were assistants at the University of Pittsburgh. Wannstedt was born in Baldwin, Pennsylvania and attended Baldwin High School. He earned an athletic scholarship to the University of Pittsburgh playing offensive tackle and blocking for future Heisman Trophy winner Tony Dorsett. After a successful career with the Panthers, he was chosen in the fifteenth round of the 1974 NFL draft by the Green Bay Packers, but spent his only NFL season on the injured reserve list with a neck injury. In 1975, Pitt coach Johnny Majors hired him as a graduate assistant coach. He was on the staff when the Panthers won the 1976 NCAA Division I-A national football championship with a victory over the Georgia Bulldogs in the 1977 Sugar Bowl. In 1977, Jimmy Johnson joined the staff of the Pitt Panthers and the two would forge a long lasting personal and professional bond. When Johnson left to become the head coach of the Oklahoma State Cowboys in 1979, he invited Wannstedt to join his staff. Wannstedt served as defensive line coach for the Oklahoma State Cowboys for the 1979 and 1980 seasons and was promoted to defensive coordinator in 1981, a spot he held for two seasons. He moved on to the University of Southern California in 1983 to coach the Trojans and served as the defensive line coach for three years. In 1986, Wannstedt became defensive coordinator for the Miami Hurricanes under friend and mentor Jimmy Johnson, where they won a national championship in 1987."], "answer": {"text": "Johnson became assistant head coach and defensive coordinator at the University of Pittsburgh under Jackie Sherrill in 1977 and 1978.", "answer_start": 1114}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_95dbf4bd7399466db7fc964c1bec4d8f_1_q#1", "question": "Was he successful at this position?", "rewrite": "Was Jimmy Johnson successful as assistant head coach and defensive coordinator at the University of Pittsburgh under Jackie Sherrill in 1977 and 1978?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Randy Shannon Randy Leonard Shannon (born February 24, 1966) is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the defensive coordinator at the University of Central Florida (UCF). Previously, Shannon was the head football coach at the University of Miami from 2007 to 2010, and has served as an assistant coach or defensive coordinator for the National Football League's Miami Dolphins and for several college teams, including at the University of Miami, where he won the Frank Broyles Award as the nation's top assistant coach in 2001. Before, UCF served as Assistant Head Coach and defensive coordinator for University of Florida , later serving interim Head Coach in 2017. Shannon was born and raised in Miami, Florida. As a football player, he was a linebacker for the Miami Hurricanes from 1985 to 1988 and played two seasons professionally for the Dallas Cowboys, all under head coach Jimmy Johnson. Shannon was born in Miami, Florida, and grew up in the Liberty City neighborhood. When he was 3 years old, his father was murdered. His older twin brothers, who became addicted to crack cocaine when Shannon was 10, both died of AIDS, as did his older sister. Shannon attended Miami Norland High School, where he earned All-state honors playing football as a defensive back in his senior year. He also played basketball, averaging 19 points a game, and was a member of the track team. Shannon received a football scholarship to attend the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida, where he played for head coach Jimmy Johnson's Miami Hurricanes football team from 1985 to 1988. He was converted into an outside linebacker as a redshirt freshman. The next year as a backup, he tallied 82 tackles (fifth on the team), including 13 against the University of Pittsburgh that was led by running back Craig Heyward.", "Johnson began as an assistant coach at Louisiana Tech University in 1965. During this time, Phil Robertson of Duck Dynasty fame was the starting quarterback, and Jimmy helped recruit high school quarterback Terry Bradshaw from nearby Shreveport, Louisiana. He then became an assistant coach at Picayune Memorial High School in Picayune, Mississippi, in 1966. In 1967, he was an assistant at Wichita State University, then in 1968 and 1969, he served under Johnny Majors at Iowa State University in Ames. In 1970, he moved on to another Big Eight Conference school to become a defensive line coach at the University of Oklahoma, working under head coach Chuck Fairbanks and alongside future rivals Barry Switzer and Jim Dickey. In 1973, he returned to Arkansas, where he served as defensive coordinator through the 1976 season. There, he coached such players as Brison Manor and Dirt Winston. Johnson had hopes of being named head coach when Broyles retired, but was passed over for Lou Holtz. Holtz offered to retain Johnson on his staff, but he decided to move on and amicably parted company with his alma mater. Johnson became assistant head coach and defensive coordinator at the University of Pittsburgh under Jackie Sherrill in 1977 and 1978. There, he coached Randy Holloway, David Logan, Al Chesley, J. C. Wilson, and Hugh Green, and was introduced to a Pitt alumnus and assistant coach Dave Wannstedt, who later teamed up with Johnson again at the University of Miami, the Cowboys, and the Dolphins. In 1979, Johnson became head coach at Oklahoma State. Johnson coached for five seasons at Oklahoma State, from 1979 to 1983, before taking the head coaching job at the University of Miami. Johnson interviewed for the head coaching job at Arkansas when Lou Holtz left following the 1983 season, then later found out Ken Hatfield had already been hired.", "Dave Wannstedt Dave Wannstedt (born May 21, 1952) is a former American football coach. He has been the head coach of the Chicago Bears and Miami Dolphins of the National Football League. He was also the head coach of the University of Pittsburgh football team from 2005 to 2010. He also was a long-time assistant to Jimmy Johnson with the Dallas Cowboys, Miami Hurricanes, and Oklahoma State Cowboys as well as an associate of Johnson when both were assistants at the University of Pittsburgh. Wannstedt was born in Baldwin, Pennsylvania and attended Baldwin High School. He earned an athletic scholarship to the University of Pittsburgh playing offensive tackle and blocking for future Heisman Trophy winner Tony Dorsett. After a successful career with the Panthers, he was chosen in the fifteenth round of the 1974 NFL draft by the Green Bay Packers, but spent his only NFL season on the injured reserve list with a neck injury. In 1975, Pitt coach Johnny Majors hired him as a graduate assistant coach. He was on the staff when the Panthers won the 1976 NCAA Division I-A national football championship with a victory over the Georgia Bulldogs in the 1977 Sugar Bowl. In 1977, Jimmy Johnson joined the staff of the Pitt Panthers and the two would forge a long lasting personal and professional bond. When Johnson left to become the head coach of the Oklahoma State Cowboys in 1979, he invited Wannstedt to join his staff. Wannstedt served as defensive line coach for the Oklahoma State Cowboys for the 1979 and 1980 seasons and was promoted to defensive coordinator in 1981, a spot he held for two seasons. He moved on to the University of Southern California in 1983 to coach the Trojans and served as the defensive line coach for three years. In 1986, Wannstedt became defensive coordinator for the Miami Hurricanes under friend and mentor Jimmy Johnson, where they won a national championship in 1987.", "After one year of coaching the receivers, he was moved to defense to coach the defensive ends, and in 1976, he became linebacker coach. Coach Bellard left A&M in 1978, moving on to Mississippi State and taking defensive coordinator Melvin Robertson with him. Former A&M offensive coordinator and new head coach Tom Wilson chose Slocum as his defensive coordinator in 1979. After serving USC as defensive coordinator in 1981, Slocum returned to A&M in 1982 and became defensive coordinator under head coach Jackie Sherrill. In 1985, Slocum was elevated to assistant head coach. Slocum substituted for Sherrill and served as acting head coach for A&M's 18\u20130 victory over TCU during the 1988 season which was Sherrill's last. In December 1988, R.C. Slocum was named head coach at Texas A&M. During his 14 years as head coach, Slocum led the Aggies to a record of 123\u201347\u20132, making him the winningest coach in Texas A&M history. During his career, Slocum never had a losing season and won four conference championships, including the Big 12 title in 1998 and two Big 12 South Championships in 1997 and 1998. Additionally, he led the Aggies to become the first school in the Southwest Conference history to post three consecutive perfect conference seasons and actually went four consecutive seasons without a conference loss. Slocum reached 100 wins faster than any other active coach. He has the best winning percentage in SWC history, one spot ahead of the legendary coach Darrell Royal who is number 2. Slocum helped make A&M's Kyle Field become one of the hardest places for opponents to play, losing only 12 games at home in 14 years.", "Jackie Sherrill Jackie Wayne Sherrill (born November 28, 1943) is a former American football player and coach. He was the head football coach at Washington State University (1976), the University of Pittsburgh (1977\u20131981), Texas A&M University (1982\u20131988), and Mississippi State University (1991\u20132003), compiling a career college football record of 180\u2013120\u20134. Sherrill is a studio analyst for Fox Sports Net's college football coverage. Sherrill played football at the University of Alabama under Bear Bryant from 1962 to 1965, helping the Crimson Tide win two national championships. Sherrill was the head coach at Washington State for one year, in 1976. During his one season, the Cougars had a win-loss record of 3-8. Sherrill was the head coach at the University of Pittsburgh from 1977 to 1981. Before going to Washington State, Sherrill had served as an assistant at Pittsburgh under head coach Johnny Majors. When Majors left Pittsburgh to return to his alma mater at the University of Tennessee, Sherrill returned to become the head coach of the Panthers. He is credited with grooming quarterback Dan Marino, who went on to a prolific Hall of Fame career in the National Football League after being Sherrill's last quarterback at Pitt, from 1979 to 1982. During his tenure, Sherrill's coaching staff included future NFL head coaches Jimmy Johnson and Dave Wannstedt. In Sherrill's five seasons at Pittsburgh, the Panthers won 50 games, lost nine, and had one tie. When asked about retirement, Joe Paterno once said that he would not, because it would leave college football in the hands of \"the Jackie Sherrills and the Barry Switzers\"."], "answer": {"text": "There, he coached Randy Holloway, David Logan, Al Chesley, J. C. Wilson, and Hugh Green,", "answer_start": 1248}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Jimmy Johnson's first coaching job?", "answer": {"text": "Johnson became assistant head coach and defensive coordinator at the University of Pittsburgh under Jackie Sherrill in 1977 and 1978.", "answer_start": 1114, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95dbf4bd7399466db7fc964c1bec4d8f_1_q#3", "question": "Did he coach anywhere other than Miami and Pittsburgh ?", "rewrite": "Did Jimmy Johnson coach anywhere other than Miami and Pittsburgh ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 1979, Butch began a successful 15-year association with Jimmy Johnson, first as a receivers and tight ends coach at Oklahoma State University for the Cowboys, then later as defensive line coach at the University of Miami. During that time, the 1987 Miami Hurricanes football team won the NCAA Division I-A national football championship. Davis followed Jimmy Johnson to Dallas, where Davis was promoted to defensive coordinator of the Dallas Cowboys in 1993 after the departure of Dave Wannstedt. As defensive coordinator and coach of the defensive line, he helped Johnson and new owner Jerry Jones win back-to-back Super Bowls with a Dallas Cowboys team that had gone 1\u201315 in 1989, Johnson's first year as head coach. After Johnson left, Davis continued at Dallas for one more year as assistant coach under Barry Switzer. Davis was hired as the head football coach at the University of Miami in January 1995. Not long after Davis' arrival, the Hurricanes were found to have committed several violations of NCAA rules during the tenure of his predecessor, Dennis Erickson. As a result, the Hurricanes were barred from postseason play in his first year (despite an 8\u20133 record) and lost 31 football scholarship spots over several years. Davis earned a 51\u201320 record during his tenure as head coach. During Davis' final year as head coach, the Hurricanes finished 11\u20131, their best season since coming up one win short of the 1992 national championship. Despite finishing second in both human polls, a quirk in the Bowl Championship Series formula resulted in the Hurricanes being shut out of that year's national championship game, the 2001 Orange Bowl. The Hurricanes were passed over in favor of the Florida State Seminoles, even though the Seminoles had lost to the Hurricanes that year when a last-second field goal attempt sailed wide right. The Seminoles ultimately lost the Orange Bowl to the Oklahoma Sooners 13\u20132.", "Tony Wise (football coach) Anthony Charles Wise ( born December 28, 1951) was an American football coach. He won one Super Bowl with the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL) and one national championship at the University of Miami. He played college football at Ithaca College. Wise attended Shaker High School, where he practiced football, lacrosse and ice hockey. He accepted a football scholarship from Ithaca College to play as an offensive lineman. He also lettered in lacrosse and ice hockey. In 1973, he began his football coaching career at Albany State University. He served one-year stints at the University of Bridgeport, Central Connecticut State University and Washington State University before joining the University of Pittsburgh in 1977. He coached at Oklahoma State University from 1979 to 1983 and Syracuse University in 1984. He was hired at the University of Miami in 1985. He was a part of the 1987 National Championship team under head coach Jimmy Johnson. In 1989, he followed head coach Jimmy Johnson and joined the Dallas Cowboys coaching staff as the offensive line coach. He contributed to the team winning Super Bowl XXVII, while developing multiple Pro Bowl players like: Kevin Gogan, Nate Newton, Mark Tuinei, Erik Williams and Mark Stepnoski. In 1993, he was named the offensive line coach for the Chicago Bears, following former Cowboys defensive coordinator and new Bears head coach Dave Wannstedt. In 1999, he wasn't retained after Dick Jauron replaced Wannstedt as the new Bears head coach. In 1999, he was hired as the offensive line coach by the Carolina Panthers, contributing to the team averaging 4.3 yards per rush attempt to rank fifth in the NFL. He resigned on December 27, 2000. In 2001, he joined the Miami Dolphins as their offensive line coach.", "Dave Wannstedt Dave Wannstedt (born May 21, 1952) is a former American football coach. He has been the head coach of the Chicago Bears and Miami Dolphins of the National Football League. He was also the head coach of the University of Pittsburgh football team from 2005 to 2010. He also was a long-time assistant to Jimmy Johnson with the Dallas Cowboys, Miami Hurricanes, and Oklahoma State Cowboys as well as an associate of Johnson when both were assistants at the University of Pittsburgh. Wannstedt was born in Baldwin, Pennsylvania and attended Baldwin High School. He earned an athletic scholarship to the University of Pittsburgh playing offensive tackle and blocking for future Heisman Trophy winner Tony Dorsett. After a successful career with the Panthers, he was chosen in the fifteenth round of the 1974 NFL draft by the Green Bay Packers, but spent his only NFL season on the injured reserve list with a neck injury. In 1975, Pitt coach Johnny Majors hired him as a graduate assistant coach. He was on the staff when the Panthers won the 1976 NCAA Division I-A national football championship with a victory over the Georgia Bulldogs in the 1977 Sugar Bowl. In 1977, Jimmy Johnson joined the staff of the Pitt Panthers and the two would forge a long lasting personal and professional bond. When Johnson left to become the head coach of the Oklahoma State Cowboys in 1979, he invited Wannstedt to join his staff. Wannstedt served as defensive line coach for the Oklahoma State Cowboys for the 1979 and 1980 seasons and was promoted to defensive coordinator in 1981, a spot he held for two seasons. He moved on to the University of Southern California in 1983 to coach the Trojans and served as the defensive line coach for three years. In 1986, Wannstedt became defensive coordinator for the Miami Hurricanes under friend and mentor Jimmy Johnson, where they won a national championship in 1987.", "In 1984, when he was offered the head coaching job at Miami, Jimmy Johnson was unsure if he wanted to leave Stillwater. His good friend Larry Lacewell told Johnson that if he wanted to win a national championship and eventually coach in the NFL he had to take the Miami job. Johnson soon after accepted the head coaching job at Miami. Jimmy Johnson left OSU with an overall record of 29\u201325\u20133. Pat Jones was promoted from assistant coach to head coach following Johnson's departure. He served as head coach of the Oklahoma State Cowboys from 1984 to 1994 after five years as an assistant under Jimmy Johnson. During his 11 years at Oklahoma State, he compiled a 62\u201360\u20133 record, including a 3\u20131 bowl game record. Jones was named Big Eight Coach of the Year in both 1984 and 1992. From 1984 to 1988, Jones led the Cowboys to the most successful period in school history at the time. With a talented roster that included running backs Barry Sanders and Thurman Thomas, wide receiver Hart Lee Dykes and quarterback Mike Gundy, they went 44\u201315 over this five-year stretch, including the school's first three-year stretch of ten-win seasons. Running back Barry Sanders played for the Cowboys from 1986 to 1988. During his first two seasons at Oklahoma State, he backed up All-American Thurman Thomas. In 1987, Sanders led the nation in yards per kickoff return (31.6), while also rushing for over 600 yards and scoring 8 touchdowns. Thomas moved on to the NFL, and Sanders became the starter for his junior year. In 1988, in what has been called the greatest individual season in college football history, Sanders led the nation by averaging 7.6 yards per carry and over 200 yards per game, including rushing for over 300 yards in four games.", "Randy Shannon Randy Leonard Shannon (born February 24, 1966) is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the defensive coordinator at the University of Central Florida (UCF). Previously, Shannon was the head football coach at the University of Miami from 2007 to 2010, and has served as an assistant coach or defensive coordinator for the National Football League's Miami Dolphins and for several college teams, including at the University of Miami, where he won the Frank Broyles Award as the nation's top assistant coach in 2001. Before, UCF served as Assistant Head Coach and defensive coordinator for University of Florida , later serving interim Head Coach in 2017. Shannon was born and raised in Miami, Florida. As a football player, he was a linebacker for the Miami Hurricanes from 1985 to 1988 and played two seasons professionally for the Dallas Cowboys, all under head coach Jimmy Johnson. Shannon was born in Miami, Florida, and grew up in the Liberty City neighborhood. When he was 3 years old, his father was murdered. His older twin brothers, who became addicted to crack cocaine when Shannon was 10, both died of AIDS, as did his older sister. Shannon attended Miami Norland High School, where he earned All-state honors playing football as a defensive back in his senior year. He also played basketball, averaging 19 points a game, and was a member of the track team. Shannon received a football scholarship to attend the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida, where he played for head coach Jimmy Johnson's Miami Hurricanes football team from 1985 to 1988. He was converted into an outside linebacker as a redshirt freshman. The next year as a backup, he tallied 82 tackles (fifth on the team), including 13 against the University of Pittsburgh that was led by running back Craig Heyward."], "answer": {"text": "In 1979, Johnson became head coach at Oklahoma State.", "answer_start": 1508}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Jimmy Johnson's first coaching job?", "answer": {"text": "Johnson became assistant head coach and defensive coordinator at the University of Pittsburgh under Jackie Sherrill in 1977 and 1978.", "answer_start": 1114, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he successful at this position?", "answer": {"text": "There, he coached Randy Holloway, David Logan, Al Chesley, J. C. Wilson, and Hugh Green,", "answer_start": 1248, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he set any records with the team?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95dbf4bd7399466db7fc964c1bec4d8f_1_q#4", "question": "What was his final coaching job in the early years?", "rewrite": "What was Jimmy Johnson's final coaching job in the early years?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1984, when he was offered the head coaching job at Miami, Jimmy Johnson was unsure if he wanted to leave Stillwater. His good friend Larry Lacewell told Johnson that if he wanted to win a national championship and eventually coach in the NFL he had to take the Miami job. Johnson soon after accepted the head coaching job at Miami. Jimmy Johnson left OSU with an overall record of 29\u201325\u20133. Pat Jones was promoted from assistant coach to head coach following Johnson's departure. He served as head coach of the Oklahoma State Cowboys from 1984 to 1994 after five years as an assistant under Jimmy Johnson. During his 11 years at Oklahoma State, he compiled a 62\u201360\u20133 record, including a 3\u20131 bowl game record. Jones was named Big Eight Coach of the Year in both 1984 and 1992. From 1984 to 1988, Jones led the Cowboys to the most successful period in school history at the time. With a talented roster that included running backs Barry Sanders and Thurman Thomas, wide receiver Hart Lee Dykes and quarterback Mike Gundy, they went 44\u201315 over this five-year stretch, including the school's first three-year stretch of ten-win seasons. Running back Barry Sanders played for the Cowboys from 1986 to 1988. During his first two seasons at Oklahoma State, he backed up All-American Thurman Thomas. In 1987, Sanders led the nation in yards per kickoff return (31.6), while also rushing for over 600 yards and scoring 8 touchdowns. Thomas moved on to the NFL, and Sanders became the starter for his junior year. In 1988, in what has been called the greatest individual season in college football history, Sanders led the nation by averaging 7.6 yards per carry and over 200 yards per game, including rushing for over 300 yards in four games.", "The Cowboys were finally able to enjoy a winning season \u2014their first in nine years\u2014in 1974 under the leadership of head coach Dave Smith. However, Smith wouldn't stick around, as he departed for the head coaching position at SMU after just one season in Stillwater. Jim Stanley, a two-time defensive coordinator at OSU, returned to Stillwater to become the head coach of the Cowboys in 1973. He coached them from 1973 to 1978, amassing a career record of 35\u201331\u20132. Stanley's Cowboys earned a Fiesta Bowl victory in 1974 and his 1976 team ended the season 9\u20133 finishing as a Big Eight co-champions on their way to a Tangerine Bowl victory. His success at Oklahoma State earned him many accolades, including being invited to coach three collegiate all-star games: the 1973 East\u2013West Shrine Game, the 1977 Hula Bowl, and the 1977 Japan Bowl. In 1978, the Big Eight Conference initiated an investigation into the OSU football program in response to allegations of violations of several NCAA rules and regulations while Stanley was head coach. Stanley successfully filed suit against the conference to require them to provide various due process protections in their final hearing on the charges. In 1979, Jimmy Johnson got the head coaching job at Oklahoma State. Johnson's successful rebuilding of the inconsistent Cowboys football program is a hallmark in the long history of Cowboy football. In his final season, he led the Cowboys to an 8\u20134 record and a 24\u201314 victory over 20th-ranked Baylor in the Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl. The season included a season opening romp over then #12 ranked Arizona State in Tempe, and a Bedlam matchup between the #2 ranked Oklahoma Sooners and the #3-ranked Cowboys on November 24, 1984. A game in which the Cowboys ultimately lost, 24\u201314.", "This job was supposed to be temporary until Jim Crowley returned from the Navy However, instead of coaching the Yanks, Crowley became commissioner of the new All-America Football Conference and Kopf remained as the Yanks head coach until 1946. In his three seasons with the Yanks, Kopf had a record of 7\u201322\u20132. In 1948, Kopf was hired as an assistant under Denny Myers at Boston College. Kopf was not retained by new head coach Mike Holovak in 1951. Kopf's final coaching job was as an assistant to Benny Friedman at Brandeis University. After coaching, Kopf worked as a paint salesman. He later retired to St. Petersburg, Florida where he died on March 22, 1996. He had a TV show on Saturday mornings explaining the football game that was going to be shown on TV that day. Kopf was the brother of Larry Kopf, an infielder in the Major Leagues from 1913 to 1923. Kopf served as the Cincinnati Reds on-field messenger during his brother's time there. He was with the Reds during the 1919 World Series, made famous by the Black Sox Scandal.", "When head coach Joe Restic left to become head coach at Harvard, Bruno went with him to be the offensive coordinator. After 11 seasons as the Crimson's offensive coordinator, Bruno returned to Hamilton as Director of Player Personnel. In 1983, Bruno was named head coach after the firing of Bud Riley. The Tiger-Cats finished the season 2\u20131\u20131 and Bruno was given the coaching job permanently. Under Bruno's guidance, the Tiger-Cats appeared in the Grey Cup four times, winning one (1986). He was placed on an indefinite leave of absence after suffering a mild heart attack during the 1987 season. Defensive Coordinator Ted Schmitz served as interim head coach for six games before Bruno returned. Bruno was fired 12 games into the 1990 season. At the time of his firing the Tiger-Cats had a 4\u20138 record and were on a five-game losing streak. After scouting for the BC Lions and the Buffalo Bills, Bruno was named the head coach of the New Mexico Rattlesnakes of the new Professional Spring Football League. The PSFL folded before play began. Bruno's final coaching job was at McMaster University, where he served as head coach from 1994 to 1996. After his football career, Bruno and his wife, Marie, retired to Port Charlotte, Florida. In October 2014, Bruno was admitted into a Port Charlotte hospital with kidney problems, after having lost one kidney several years prior. He died of heart failure at the hospital on October 5, 2014.", "Dave Wannstedt Dave Wannstedt (born May 21, 1952) is a former American football coach. He has been the head coach of the Chicago Bears and Miami Dolphins of the National Football League. He was also the head coach of the University of Pittsburgh football team from 2005 to 2010. He also was a long-time assistant to Jimmy Johnson with the Dallas Cowboys, Miami Hurricanes, and Oklahoma State Cowboys as well as an associate of Johnson when both were assistants at the University of Pittsburgh. Wannstedt was born in Baldwin, Pennsylvania and attended Baldwin High School. He earned an athletic scholarship to the University of Pittsburgh playing offensive tackle and blocking for future Heisman Trophy winner Tony Dorsett. After a successful career with the Panthers, he was chosen in the fifteenth round of the 1974 NFL draft by the Green Bay Packers, but spent his only NFL season on the injured reserve list with a neck injury. In 1975, Pitt coach Johnny Majors hired him as a graduate assistant coach. He was on the staff when the Panthers won the 1976 NCAA Division I-A national football championship with a victory over the Georgia Bulldogs in the 1977 Sugar Bowl. In 1977, Jimmy Johnson joined the staff of the Pitt Panthers and the two would forge a long lasting personal and professional bond. When Johnson left to become the head coach of the Oklahoma State Cowboys in 1979, he invited Wannstedt to join his staff. Wannstedt served as defensive line coach for the Oklahoma State Cowboys for the 1979 and 1980 seasons and was promoted to defensive coordinator in 1981, a spot he held for two seasons. He moved on to the University of Southern California in 1983 to coach the Trojans and served as the defensive line coach for three years. In 1986, Wannstedt became defensive coordinator for the Miami Hurricanes under friend and mentor Jimmy Johnson, where they won a national championship in 1987."], "answer": {"text": "before taking the head coaching job at the University of Miami.", "answer_start": 1633}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Jimmy Johnson's first coaching job?", "answer": {"text": "Johnson became assistant head coach and defensive coordinator at the University of Pittsburgh under Jackie Sherrill in 1977 and 1978.", "answer_start": 1114, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he successful at this position?", "answer": {"text": "There, he coached Randy Holloway, David Logan, Al Chesley, J. C. Wilson, and Hugh Green,", "answer_start": 1248, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he set any records with the team?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he coach anywhere other than Miami and Pittsburgh ?", "answer": {"text": "In 1979, Johnson became head coach at Oklahoma State.", "answer_start": 1508, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95dbf4bd7399466db7fc964c1bec4d8f_1_q#6", "question": "Anything else you found interesting?", "rewrite": "Anything else you found interesting in addition to early coaching jobs of Jimmy Johnson?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 1984, when he was offered the head coaching job at Miami, Jimmy Johnson was unsure if he wanted to leave Stillwater. His good friend Larry Lacewell told Johnson that if he wanted to win a national championship and eventually coach in the NFL he had to take the Miami job. Johnson soon after accepted the head coaching job at Miami. Jimmy Johnson left OSU with an overall record of 29\u201325\u20133. Pat Jones was promoted from assistant coach to head coach following Johnson's departure. He served as head coach of the Oklahoma State Cowboys from 1984 to 1994 after five years as an assistant under Jimmy Johnson. During his 11 years at Oklahoma State, he compiled a 62\u201360\u20133 record, including a 3\u20131 bowl game record. Jones was named Big Eight Coach of the Year in both 1984 and 1992. From 1984 to 1988, Jones led the Cowboys to the most successful period in school history at the time. With a talented roster that included running backs Barry Sanders and Thurman Thomas, wide receiver Hart Lee Dykes and quarterback Mike Gundy, they went 44\u201315 over this five-year stretch, including the school's first three-year stretch of ten-win seasons. Running back Barry Sanders played for the Cowboys from 1986 to 1988. During his first two seasons at Oklahoma State, he backed up All-American Thurman Thomas. In 1987, Sanders led the nation in yards per kickoff return (31.6), while also rushing for over 600 yards and scoring 8 touchdowns. Thomas moved on to the NFL, and Sanders became the starter for his junior year. In 1988, in what has been called the greatest individual season in college football history, Sanders led the nation by averaging 7.6 yards per carry and over 200 yards per game, including rushing for over 300 yards in four games.", "At Doherty's Notre Dame press conference, Doherty said his name was mentioned in the press for other coaching jobs, but he never was personally offered these jobs. As a result, Doherty thought it looked like he had turned down several other coaching jobs before the Notre Dame coaching job opened up. Like every college coach in the nation, Doherty as well as members of his only Notre Dame team, like every college player, had hopes of reaching the 2000 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. But with a regular season record of 16-13 and a quarterfinal loss to Miami in the 2000 Big East Men's Basketball Tournament, Doherty's Notre Dame team did not receive a bid for the NCAA Tournament. Instead, they accepted an invitation to the 2000 National Invitation Tournament. Doherty's Notre Dame team reached the NIT finals, falling to Wake Forest. Doherty's Notre Dame team finished their season with a 22-15 record. Bill Guthridge decided to retire at the end of the 1999-2000 North Carolina basketball season, on June 30, 2000. North Carolina basketball staff interviewed Roy Williams for the head coaching job after Guthridge's retirement. Roy Williams was mistakenly named as head coach by the \"Herald-Sun\" of Durham, North Carolina, before he could decide on the North Carolina coaching job. Roy Williams decided to stay at Kansas. Other coaches, including John Calipari, had interest in the coaching vacancy, but Guthridge and Smith insisted they were looking for a coach with ties to North Carolina's basketball program. George Karl, Larry Brown, Eddie Fogler, Jeff Lebo, and Randy Wiel, all North Carolina basketball alumni, applied for the vacancy. Karl, Brown, and Fogler later took their names out of consideration. Dick Baddour, then the athletic director of UNC-Chapel Hill, was set on hiring Doherty.", "He put the question to Snyder. \"It was all on the occasion of Martin Luther King's birthday,\" Hotaling said. \"So I thought it was an appropriate, forward-looking question, and got a backward-looking answer.\" One of Snyder's more controversial responses to the question was that African Americans were naturally-superior athletes at least in part because they had been bred to produce stronger offspring during slavery: According to the \"New York Times\" obituary, Snyder expressed regret for his comments: \"What a foolish thing to say.\" His CBS coworkers publicly stated that they did not agree with Snyder's theories and that they did not oppose CBS's decision to fire him. Black former NFL player Irv Cross said in the \"30 for 30\" documentary about Snyder that he had worked alongside Snyder for a long time and did not consider him to be a racist at all. In the same documentary, Frank Deford sympathetically noted that Jimmy often tried to sound more educated than he actually was and that his comments were basically him trying to make a point about a subject on which he knew nothing. In the same WRC-TV interview, Snyder, whose remarks were termed \"reprehensible\" by CBS, also commented that the only sports realm in which whites then dominated was coaching and that if blacks were to \"take coaching, as I think everyone wants them to, there is not going to be anything left for the white people.\" Snyder, during his remarks, emphasized he was not meaning to be \"derogatory\" but said the only thing then that \"whites control are the coaching jobs--the black talent is beautiful, it's great, it's out there. The only thing left for the whites is a couple of coaching jobs.\" In 1991, Snyder sued the CBS network for age discrimination, defamation, and breach of contract.", "After his firing from the 49ers, however, he has simply worn team-issued apparel in all subsequent coaching jobs. Nolan has been linked to more than one coaching tree. He was a defensive coordinator for Brian Billick (who is part of the Sid Gillman/Bill Walsh coaching tree), Al Groh (who is part of the Bill Parcells coaching tree), and Norv Turner (part of the Jimmy Johnson tree). However, Nolan is most directly related to Dan Reeves. Reeves brought Nolan with him from Denver (where he was linebackers coach) to be the New York Giants defensive coordinator in 1993. Nolan excelled at the position and his success served as a springboard for later success with other teams. Married (to Kathy Nolan) with four children, and a devout Roman Catholic. His sons are sometimes seen on the sidelines. He has three brothers and two sisters. Attended Bellarmine College Preparatory in San Jose, California and Woodside High School, the alma mater of Julian Edelman. Nolan's father, former 49ers and Saints coach Dick Nolan, died at age 75 on November 11, 2007, just a day before Mike's 49ers were to take on the Seattle Seahawks. Nolan decided to coach the Monday Night Football game in honor of his dad, but was not able to get the win.", "George Corneal George Durkin Corneal (September 13, 1883 \u2013 December 28, 1944) was an American basketball, track and football coach. In 1909, he became the first basketball coach at the University of Michigan and led the Michigan Wolverines basketball team to a 1-4 record. He also coached football, track, and basketball at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Stevens Point and Lakewood High School. Corneal was born in Philadelphia in 1883. He graduated from Temple University and attended the University of Pennsylvania and Yale University where he studied under legendary track trainer and coach Mike Murphy. His early coaching jobs included coaching track and field at the Brown Preparatory School in Philadelphia and the University of Chicago, before moving to Ohio State University in 1907. In the fall of 1907, he was hired as the assistant in physical training at the University of Michigan's Waterman Gymnasium. While at Michigan, he also served as the coach of the school's first varsity basketball team in 1909. \" The Michigan Alumnus\" announced the formation of the team in January 1909:\"For the first time in the history of the University there is to be a varsity basketball team. Realizing the demand for an indoor winter sport and the presence of good material in college, the athletic authorities passed a resolution providing for a basketball team and granted them a schedule of seven or eight games for this season. Coach Corneal finds himself up against the same proposition that always faces Coach Yost and Keene Fitzpatrick. His best men are ineligible and his 'reserves' consequently give his varsity a drubbing almost every evening when they line up in practice games. ... However, the coach is working hard and admits that he expects to have a good team rounded out by the time the first game is played with M.A.C.\" The Michigan team compiled a record of 1-4 under Corneal."], "answer": {"text": "Johnson interviewed for the head coaching job at Arkansas when Lou Holtz left following the 1983 season,", "answer_start": 1697}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Jimmy Johnson's first coaching job?", "answer": {"text": "Johnson became assistant head coach and defensive coordinator at the University of Pittsburgh under Jackie Sherrill in 1977 and 1978.", "answer_start": 1114, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he successful at this position?", "answer": {"text": "There, he coached Randy Holloway, David Logan, Al Chesley, J. C. Wilson, and Hugh Green,", "answer_start": 1248, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he set any records with the team?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he coach anywhere other than Miami and Pittsburgh ?", "answer": {"text": "In 1979, Johnson became head coach at Oklahoma State.", "answer_start": 1508, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his final coaching job in the early years?", "answer": {"text": "before taking the head coaching job at the University of Miami.", "answer_start": 1633, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he leave Miami?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ece8b3ecad8a47d5a1380955ce47184a_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Bill Walton born?", "rewrite": "Where was Bill Walton born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["While in Carrollton, Walton met and grew to love seventeen-year-old Lettie Watkins, whose parents, Dr. Thomas A. Watkins and Sarah Epes Fitzgerald Watkins, had a plantation nearby. He asked Lettie to marry him and go with him to Texas, but her parents withheld their permission. Despondent, young Walton started on his way out of Mississippi, but, after a day or two, came back to Carrollton to ask again, resulting in a secret engagement. William M. Walton arrived in Austin on February 19, 1853, just a month past his twenty-first birthday. He immediately took the job of Deputy Clerk in the District Clerk's office to familiarize himself with the practice of law in Texas. In July 1853, Andrew J. Hamilton, later governor of Texas, offered him a partnership that continued until Hamilton was elected to the U.S. Congress in 1858. Walton received a letter from Lettie early in the winter telling him to come for her, that she would marry him with or without her father's consent. He arrived in Carrollton on February 6, 1854, and he and Lettie were married on February 9. With the start of the Civil War, the courts in Texas ceased operation and Walton took work as Governor Francis Lubbock's private secretary. He and Lettie had, by this time, a family of three young sons, Newton Samuel Walton born in 1855, Early Watkins Walton born in 1857 and George Longstreet Walton born in 1860. On March 2, 1862, believing he had a duty to fight against the United States, Walton enlisted in the Confederate Army. Walton's company, Co. B of the 21st Texas Cavalry Regiment, also known as the Texas Lancers, elected him 1st lieutenant. The 21st Texas Cavalry saw action in the Trans-Mississippi Theater.", "Luke Walton Luke Theodore Walton (born March 28, 1980) is an American professional basketball coach and former player who is the head coach of the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played 10 seasons in the NBA as a forward, winning two NBA championships with the Los Angeles Lakers. He also won a title as an assistant coach with the Golden State Warriors, and was the head coach for the Lakers from 2016 through 2019. Walton played college basketball with the Arizona Wildcats. He was a second-team All-American and a two-time first-team all-conference selection in the Pac-10. He was selected in the second round of the 2003 NBA draft by the Lakers. After the 2010 NBA Finals, Walton and his father, Hall of Famer Bill Walton, became the first father and son to have both won multiple NBA championships: Bill won in 1977 and 1986, and Luke in 2009 and 2010. His best season statistically was 2006\u201307 with over 11 points, 5 rebounds, and over 4 assists per game. As the Warriors' interim head coach in 2015\u201316, he guided the team to the longest winning streak to open a season in league history at 16 games. The son of Susie and former UCLA star and NBA Hall-of-Famer Bill Walton, Luke Walton was born in San Diego, California. He was named after his father's close friend and former Portland Trail Blazers teammate Maurice Lucas. He has three brothers: Adam, Nathan, and Chris. Walton attended University of San Diego High School in San Diego, California, graduating in 1998. Walton played basketball at the University of Arizona under coach Lute Olson. His best year statistically was as a junior, when he averaged 15.7 points, 7.3 rebounds, 6.3 assists, 1.6 steals and 0.6 blocks per game.", "Unlike most network pregame shows, \"Shootaround\" did not take place in a studio, and instead traveled to a different site each week (much like ESPN's \"College Gameday\"). Starting with Game 1 of the 2003 Eastern Conference Finals, Walton was replaced in the pregame show by Sean Elliott. Tolbert was dropped from the pregame show starting with Game 1 of the NBA Finals. Tirico and Elliott were joined by a guest analyst for each game of the Finals. After bad ratings in the 2002-2003 season, ABC retooled much of its NBA coverage. This included its pregame show, which was rebranded \"NBA Hangtime\", and moved into the network's Times Square studios. The pregame show was given new music and graphics, to differentiate itself from its ESPN counterpart, and was still hosted by Mike Tirico. Tom Tolbert was brought back as an analyst, but ABC dropped Bill Walton from pregame show duties. He was replaced by George Karl. After criticism from the media on Karl's lack of opinion during the program, ABC replaced him on February 22, 2004 with former New Jersey Nets coach Byron Scott. \" NBA Hangtime\" lasted through the 2003-2004 season, and continued on Christmas Day 2004, prior to the much-hyped Los Angeles Lakers-Miami Heat game. This telecast was the only \"NBA Hangtime\" to involve analysts Steve Jones and Bill Walton. For most of the 2004-2005 season, ABC's pregame show was known as \"NBA Game Time\". Like \"Hangtime\", it originated from the network's Times Square studios, and was once more hosted by Mike Tirico. Tirico was re-joined by Bill Walton in the studio, and Walton's old broadcast partner from NBC, Steve \"Snapper\" Jones.", "Jones' other broadcasting credits include stints with TNT, TBS, USA Network and the Denver Nuggets. Jones joined NBC shortly after the network obtained the rights to telecast NBA games prior to the 1990-91 season. After serving as an analyst on \"The NBA on NBC\" for 13 years, Jones then worked the same position for NBA TV. One of Jones' career highlights was his assignment as basketball analyst with Chick Hearn and Jim Durham in Barcelona, as part of the NBC coverage of men's basketball during the 1992 Olympic Games. In that capacity he worked the equivalent of almost one-half of an NBA season, 36 games, in just two weeks. When he worked at NBC, Jones was typically paired up with former NBA teammate Bill Walton for NBA games due to the point-counterpoint style of banter between the two. He gained notoriety while announcing with Bill Walton for reining in his verbose outbursts, often responding to Walton's sometimes sensational statements with phrases such as \"Bill, you can't be serious... \" Though they typically argued and disagreed during games, the two had a mutual respect for each other and remained good friends. They reunited on Walton's short-lived TV show \"Bill Walton's Long Strange Trip.\" Jones' health began declining in 2005 when he suffered a ruptured appendix while on assignment in New York. His younger brother, Nick Jones stated, \"My brother was a very strong guy. He fought for life for a long time.\" Jones died on November 25, 2017, in Houston, Texas, at the age of 75. He was survived by his younger brother, Nick Jones (his older brother Roman had died earlier the same week), his mother & sisters, and his wife Carol.", "ESPN dissolved the Nessler-Tolbert-Walton team, keeping Nessler as the main announcer but pairing him with Sean Elliott and Dan Majerle. Walton was demoted significantly, working games sporadically (including most of the ESPN NBA Sunday games with either Jim Durham or Brent Musburger). Tolbert stayed with Mike Tirico in a new three-man booth that also included newcomer George Karl. Also added to the ESPN line-up was Mike Breen, who became the number three announcer behind Tirico and Nessler. Breen worked most of his games with Bill Walton. For the 2004 Eastern Conference Final, ESPN used Nessler along with ABC's lead analyst Doc Rivers for every game of the series. Game 6 between Detroit and Indiana was the last NBA game Nessler has called to date. Brad Nessler was dropped from ESPN/ABC's NBA coverage altogether starting with the 2004-05 NBA season. Mike Breen was promoted to lead announcer for ESPN, continuing to work games with Bill Walton (including the Pacers\u2013Pistons brawl). Sean Elliott was dropped, along with Dan Majerle, Doc Rivers (who had become coach of the Boston Celtics) and George Karl (who left during the season to coach the Denver Nuggets). Jim Durham's role increased and ESPN hired former NBC analyst Steve Jones ( Durham and Jones would work several regular season games together). ESPN did not use Jones and former cohort Bill Walton in games together during the regular season. Tom Tolbert's role decreased significantly; he was reduced primarily to West Coast games. In the playoffs, ESPN used the team of Mike Breen and Bill Walton for its coverage of the 2005 Western Conference Final. Al Michaels partnered with newly added Hubie Brown for the NBA Finals on ABC. ESPN's announcing teams remained stable in the 2005-06 NBA season."], "answer": {"text": "Walton was born in La Mesa, California,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_ece8b3ecad8a47d5a1380955ce47184a_1_q#1", "question": "Did he play college basketball?", "rewrite": "Did Bill Walton play college basketball?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Luke Walton Luke Theodore Walton (born March 28, 1980) is an American professional basketball coach and former player who is the head coach of the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played 10 seasons in the NBA as a forward, winning two NBA championships with the Los Angeles Lakers. He also won a title as an assistant coach with the Golden State Warriors, and was the head coach for the Lakers from 2016 through 2019. Walton played college basketball with the Arizona Wildcats. He was a second-team All-American and a two-time first-team all-conference selection in the Pac-10. He was selected in the second round of the 2003 NBA draft by the Lakers. After the 2010 NBA Finals, Walton and his father, Hall of Famer Bill Walton, became the first father and son to have both won multiple NBA championships: Bill won in 1977 and 1986, and Luke in 2009 and 2010. His best season statistically was 2006\u201307 with over 11 points, 5 rebounds, and over 4 assists per game. As the Warriors' interim head coach in 2015\u201316, he guided the team to the longest winning streak to open a season in league history at 16 games. The son of Susie and former UCLA star and NBA Hall-of-Famer Bill Walton, Luke Walton was born in San Diego, California. He was named after his father's close friend and former Portland Trail Blazers teammate Maurice Lucas. He has three brothers: Adam, Nathan, and Chris. Walton attended University of San Diego High School in San Diego, California, graduating in 1998. Walton played basketball at the University of Arizona under coach Lute Olson. His best year statistically was as a junior, when he averaged 15.7 points, 7.3 rebounds, 6.3 assists, 1.6 steals and 0.6 blocks per game.", "Jones' other broadcasting credits include stints with TNT, TBS, USA Network and the Denver Nuggets. Jones joined NBC shortly after the network obtained the rights to telecast NBA games prior to the 1990-91 season. After serving as an analyst on \"The NBA on NBC\" for 13 years, Jones then worked the same position for NBA TV. One of Jones' career highlights was his assignment as basketball analyst with Chick Hearn and Jim Durham in Barcelona, as part of the NBC coverage of men's basketball during the 1992 Olympic Games. In that capacity he worked the equivalent of almost one-half of an NBA season, 36 games, in just two weeks. When he worked at NBC, Jones was typically paired up with former NBA teammate Bill Walton for NBA games due to the point-counterpoint style of banter between the two. He gained notoriety while announcing with Bill Walton for reining in his verbose outbursts, often responding to Walton's sometimes sensational statements with phrases such as \"Bill, you can't be serious... \" Though they typically argued and disagreed during games, the two had a mutual respect for each other and remained good friends. They reunited on Walton's short-lived TV show \"Bill Walton's Long Strange Trip.\" Jones' health began declining in 2005 when he suffered a ruptured appendix while on assignment in New York. His younger brother, Nick Jones stated, \"My brother was a very strong guy. He fought for life for a long time.\" Jones died on November 25, 2017, in Houston, Texas, at the age of 75. He was survived by his younger brother, Nick Jones (his older brother Roman had died earlier the same week), his mother & sisters, and his wife Carol.", "ESPN dissolved the Nessler-Tolbert-Walton team, keeping Nessler as the main announcer but pairing him with Sean Elliott and Dan Majerle. Walton was demoted significantly, working games sporadically (including most of the ESPN NBA Sunday games with either Jim Durham or Brent Musburger). Tolbert stayed with Mike Tirico in a new three-man booth that also included newcomer George Karl. Also added to the ESPN line-up was Mike Breen, who became the number three announcer behind Tirico and Nessler. Breen worked most of his games with Bill Walton. For the 2004 Eastern Conference Final, ESPN used Nessler along with ABC's lead analyst Doc Rivers for every game of the series. Game 6 between Detroit and Indiana was the last NBA game Nessler has called to date. Brad Nessler was dropped from ESPN/ABC's NBA coverage altogether starting with the 2004-05 NBA season. Mike Breen was promoted to lead announcer for ESPN, continuing to work games with Bill Walton (including the Pacers\u2013Pistons brawl). Sean Elliott was dropped, along with Dan Majerle, Doc Rivers (who had become coach of the Boston Celtics) and George Karl (who left during the season to coach the Denver Nuggets). Jim Durham's role increased and ESPN hired former NBC analyst Steve Jones ( Durham and Jones would work several regular season games together). ESPN did not use Jones and former cohort Bill Walton in games together during the regular season. Tom Tolbert's role decreased significantly; he was reduced primarily to West Coast games. In the playoffs, ESPN used the team of Mike Breen and Bill Walton for its coverage of the 2005 Western Conference Final. Al Michaels partnered with newly added Hubie Brown for the NBA Finals on ABC. ESPN's announcing teams remained stable in the 2005-06 NBA season.", "Benefit fraud in the United Kingdom Benefit fraud is a form of welfare fraud as found within the system of government benefits paid to individuals by the welfare state in the United Kingdom. The Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) define benefit fraud as when someone obtains state benefit they are not entitled to or deliberately fails to report a change in their personal circumstances. The DWP claim that fraudulent benefit claims amounted to around \u00a3900 million in 2008\u201309. The most common form of benefit fraud is when a person receives benefits, but continues or begins employment. Another common form of fraud is when the receivers of benefits claim that they live alone, but they are financially supported by a partner or spouse. In 2002, the DWP launched a 'Targeting Benefit Thieves' advertising campaign to spread their message that benefit fraud carried a criminal sanction. The most recent campaign makes claims about the likelihood of getting caught and the consequences of committing benefit fraud using \u2018And they thought they\u2019d never be caught\u2019 as the leading slogan. In recent years the term benefit fraud has been used by the DWP to encompass a wider range of behaviours, beyond simultaneously claiming unemployment benefit whilst working in the informal labour market. Their 2007 ' No ifs, No buts' campaign emphasised other activities that could lead to prosecution. This includes failing to inform the state that your partner is now living with you, or that you have moved house, or that a relative has died, leaving you some money. Since the introduction of the Welfare Reform Act 2007, councils can now independently investigate a number of Social Security benefits. The \"State of the Nation\" report published in 2010 by the Government of David Cameron estimated the total benefit fraud in the United Kingdom in 2009/10 to be approximately \u00a31 billion.", "In February 2014, Vincent Sheu was filmed at a Haas Pavilion men's college basketball game between rivals California Golden Bears and the Stanford Cardinal as he performed an impromptu Rubik's cube-solve behind sportscasters Bill Walton (color commentator) and Dave Pasch (play-by-play announcer), who were commentating at the game. Given his placement at the front of the California student section directly between and behind the announcers, Sheu's cube-solve was immediately visible to audiences watching the game on ESPN2. A film clip of the solve went viral as a YouTube video on the internet shortly thereafter. After the high popularity of his cube solve, Sheu was subsequently placed by ESPN2 producers to solve additional cubes and puzzles behind sportscasters during live broadcasts of California basketball games against the Utah Utes, Utah Valley Wolverines, and Arkansas Razorbacks. He was also featured by Bill Walton in a short ESPN2 segment about his participation at Rubik's Cube competitions and the Berkeley college experience during the California Golden Bears \u2013 Arizona Wildcats game three weeks later. Following these events, Sheu was featured in a promotional video on student life by the University of California, Berkeley that aired on Pac-12 Networks. Vincent Sheu was one of several speedcubers to appear in \"Will We Become God?,\" Episode 8, Season 5 of \" Through the Wormhole\", an American science documentary television series by actor Morgan Freeman. The episode aired on July 9, 2014. During a college basketball game between the Stanford Cardinal and University of California \u2013 Los Angeles Bruins on February 5, 2014, Sheu was again the subject of internet and media attention."], "answer": {"text": "He played college basketball for John Wooden at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)", "answer_start": 469}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Bill Walton born?", "answer": {"text": "Walton was born in La Mesa, California,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ece8b3ecad8a47d5a1380955ce47184a_1_q#2", "question": "Did he play basketball in high school?", "rewrite": "Did Bill Walton play basketball in high school?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Luke Walton Luke Theodore Walton (born March 28, 1980) is an American professional basketball coach and former player who is the head coach of the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played 10 seasons in the NBA as a forward, winning two NBA championships with the Los Angeles Lakers. He also won a title as an assistant coach with the Golden State Warriors, and was the head coach for the Lakers from 2016 through 2019. Walton played college basketball with the Arizona Wildcats. He was a second-team All-American and a two-time first-team all-conference selection in the Pac-10. He was selected in the second round of the 2003 NBA draft by the Lakers. After the 2010 NBA Finals, Walton and his father, Hall of Famer Bill Walton, became the first father and son to have both won multiple NBA championships: Bill won in 1977 and 1986, and Luke in 2009 and 2010. His best season statistically was 2006\u201307 with over 11 points, 5 rebounds, and over 4 assists per game. As the Warriors' interim head coach in 2015\u201316, he guided the team to the longest winning streak to open a season in league history at 16 games. The son of Susie and former UCLA star and NBA Hall-of-Famer Bill Walton, Luke Walton was born in San Diego, California. He was named after his father's close friend and former Portland Trail Blazers teammate Maurice Lucas. He has three brothers: Adam, Nathan, and Chris. Walton attended University of San Diego High School in San Diego, California, graduating in 1998. Walton played basketball at the University of Arizona under coach Lute Olson. His best year statistically was as a junior, when he averaged 15.7 points, 7.3 rebounds, 6.3 assists, 1.6 steals and 0.6 blocks per game.", "ESPN dissolved the Nessler-Tolbert-Walton team, keeping Nessler as the main announcer but pairing him with Sean Elliott and Dan Majerle. Walton was demoted significantly, working games sporadically (including most of the ESPN NBA Sunday games with either Jim Durham or Brent Musburger). Tolbert stayed with Mike Tirico in a new three-man booth that also included newcomer George Karl. Also added to the ESPN line-up was Mike Breen, who became the number three announcer behind Tirico and Nessler. Breen worked most of his games with Bill Walton. For the 2004 Eastern Conference Final, ESPN used Nessler along with ABC's lead analyst Doc Rivers for every game of the series. Game 6 between Detroit and Indiana was the last NBA game Nessler has called to date. Brad Nessler was dropped from ESPN/ABC's NBA coverage altogether starting with the 2004-05 NBA season. Mike Breen was promoted to lead announcer for ESPN, continuing to work games with Bill Walton (including the Pacers\u2013Pistons brawl). Sean Elliott was dropped, along with Dan Majerle, Doc Rivers (who had become coach of the Boston Celtics) and George Karl (who left during the season to coach the Denver Nuggets). Jim Durham's role increased and ESPN hired former NBC analyst Steve Jones ( Durham and Jones would work several regular season games together). ESPN did not use Jones and former cohort Bill Walton in games together during the regular season. Tom Tolbert's role decreased significantly; he was reduced primarily to West Coast games. In the playoffs, ESPN used the team of Mike Breen and Bill Walton for its coverage of the 2005 Western Conference Final. Al Michaels partnered with newly added Hubie Brown for the NBA Finals on ABC. ESPN's announcing teams remained stable in the 2005-06 NBA season.", "Benefit fraud in the United Kingdom Benefit fraud is a form of welfare fraud as found within the system of government benefits paid to individuals by the welfare state in the United Kingdom. The Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) define benefit fraud as when someone obtains state benefit they are not entitled to or deliberately fails to report a change in their personal circumstances. The DWP claim that fraudulent benefit claims amounted to around \u00a3900 million in 2008\u201309. The most common form of benefit fraud is when a person receives benefits, but continues or begins employment. Another common form of fraud is when the receivers of benefits claim that they live alone, but they are financially supported by a partner or spouse. In 2002, the DWP launched a 'Targeting Benefit Thieves' advertising campaign to spread their message that benefit fraud carried a criminal sanction. The most recent campaign makes claims about the likelihood of getting caught and the consequences of committing benefit fraud using \u2018And they thought they\u2019d never be caught\u2019 as the leading slogan. In recent years the term benefit fraud has been used by the DWP to encompass a wider range of behaviours, beyond simultaneously claiming unemployment benefit whilst working in the informal labour market. Their 2007 ' No ifs, No buts' campaign emphasised other activities that could lead to prosecution. This includes failing to inform the state that your partner is now living with you, or that you have moved house, or that a relative has died, leaving you some money. Since the introduction of the Welfare Reform Act 2007, councils can now independently investigate a number of Social Security benefits. The \"State of the Nation\" report published in 2010 by the Government of David Cameron estimated the total benefit fraud in the United Kingdom in 2009/10 to be approximately \u00a31 billion.", "Jones' other broadcasting credits include stints with TNT, TBS, USA Network and the Denver Nuggets. Jones joined NBC shortly after the network obtained the rights to telecast NBA games prior to the 1990-91 season. After serving as an analyst on \"The NBA on NBC\" for 13 years, Jones then worked the same position for NBA TV. One of Jones' career highlights was his assignment as basketball analyst with Chick Hearn and Jim Durham in Barcelona, as part of the NBC coverage of men's basketball during the 1992 Olympic Games. In that capacity he worked the equivalent of almost one-half of an NBA season, 36 games, in just two weeks. When he worked at NBC, Jones was typically paired up with former NBA teammate Bill Walton for NBA games due to the point-counterpoint style of banter between the two. He gained notoriety while announcing with Bill Walton for reining in his verbose outbursts, often responding to Walton's sometimes sensational statements with phrases such as \"Bill, you can't be serious... \" Though they typically argued and disagreed during games, the two had a mutual respect for each other and remained good friends. They reunited on Walton's short-lived TV show \"Bill Walton's Long Strange Trip.\" Jones' health began declining in 2005 when he suffered a ruptured appendix while on assignment in New York. His younger brother, Nick Jones stated, \"My brother was a very strong guy. He fought for life for a long time.\" Jones died on November 25, 2017, in Houston, Texas, at the age of 75. He was survived by his younger brother, Nick Jones (his older brother Roman had died earlier the same week), his mother & sisters, and his wife Carol.", "Dwight Walton Dwight Walton (born March 23, 1965 in Montreal, Quebec) is a former basketball player from Canada, who played at Dawson College in Montreal with teammates Trevor C. Williams, Wayne Yearwood and Boyd Bailey. He later would go on to join the Canadian National Team. Before Dawson college, Dwight Walton play basketball at Wagar High School in C\u00f4te Saint-Luc, Quebec. After starring at Dawson College and receiving All-Canadian honours he went on to become an All-American at the Florida Institute of Technology, an NCAA Division II basketball program, after starring at NCAA Division I Siena College. In the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, Korea, he played on the Canadian national team with longtime friend Wayne Yearwood, who is also from Montreal. He later went on to play with the Oklahoma City Cavalry in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA), and with the Montreal Dragons of the now defunct National Basketball League. In 1993, he played basketball on the Canadian national team with a little-known 18-year-old from Victoria, British Columbia, by the name of Steve Nash, now a two-time NBA MVP. Walton went on to play professionally in Israel, France, and Switzerland before returning to Montreal to play for the Montreal Matrix of the American Basketball Association (ABA), during the 2005\u20132006 season. While playing for the Matrix he simultaneously coached the Midget Boys basketball team at John F. Kennedy high school, located in the St. Michel district of east end Montreal. Dwight also serves as a regular NBA and NCAA basketball analyst on Montreal radio station TSN690. He does guest spots on the morning show, weekend shows and co-hosts NBA regular-season and playoff previews. Dwight Walton was hired by TSN (The Sports Network) to provide colour commentating at the 2009 Canada Games."], "answer": {"text": "He played high school basketball at Helix High School.", "answer_start": 299}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Bill Walton born?", "answer": {"text": "Walton was born in La Mesa, California,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play college basketball?", "answer": {"text": "He played college basketball for John Wooden at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)", "answer_start": 469, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ece8b3ecad8a47d5a1380955ce47184a_1_q#3", "question": "Did he win any awards in his early career?", "rewrite": "Did Bill Walton win any awards in his early career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Unlike most network pregame shows, \"Shootaround\" did not take place in a studio, and instead traveled to a different site each week (much like ESPN's \"College Gameday\"). Starting with Game 1 of the 2003 Eastern Conference Finals, Walton was replaced in the pregame show by Sean Elliott. Tolbert was dropped from the pregame show starting with Game 1 of the NBA Finals. Tirico and Elliott were joined by a guest analyst for each game of the Finals. After bad ratings in the 2002-2003 season, ABC retooled much of its NBA coverage. This included its pregame show, which was rebranded \"NBA Hangtime\", and moved into the network's Times Square studios. The pregame show was given new music and graphics, to differentiate itself from its ESPN counterpart, and was still hosted by Mike Tirico. Tom Tolbert was brought back as an analyst, but ABC dropped Bill Walton from pregame show duties. He was replaced by George Karl. After criticism from the media on Karl's lack of opinion during the program, ABC replaced him on February 22, 2004 with former New Jersey Nets coach Byron Scott. \" NBA Hangtime\" lasted through the 2003-2004 season, and continued on Christmas Day 2004, prior to the much-hyped Los Angeles Lakers-Miami Heat game. This telecast was the only \"NBA Hangtime\" to involve analysts Steve Jones and Bill Walton. For most of the 2004-2005 season, ABC's pregame show was known as \"NBA Game Time\". Like \"Hangtime\", it originated from the network's Times Square studios, and was once more hosted by Mike Tirico. Tirico was re-joined by Bill Walton in the studio, and Walton's old broadcast partner from NBC, Steve \"Snapper\" Jones.", "William R. Walton Dr. William Ralph \"Bill\" Walton (1923\u20132001) was a leading researcher in the study of modern foraminifera. Bill Walton was born April 11, 1923, in Forth Worth, Texas. Walton was a pilot in the Army Air Corps during World War II. He died on April 23, 2001 in Valparaiso, Indiana. After the war he returned to finish his undergraduate degree at Amherst College; he graduated with an Honors A.B. in geology in 1949. There he worked closely with Fred B. Phleger, a premier academic foraminiferologist (who transplanted his research group to SIO in 1949); this close friendship and joint interest in living foraminifera lasted throughout the lives of both men. Bill's Scripps/UCLA doctoral thesis (1954) under Phleger, was titled \"The Ecology of Living Foraminifera, Todo Santos Bay, Baja California.\" His field work employed the RV \"E.W. Scripps\", crewed in part by fellow graduate students. In 1952, while a graduate student, Walton published the paper \"Techniques for recognition of living foraminifera\". This would become his most-cited paper as it describes a technique for using a protoplasm stain, Rose bengal, to discriminate between living and dead foraminifera in modern samples. Generations of scientists have used this stain on samples taken from oceans around the world and successfully determined how deep in the sediment living foraminifera were burrowing. The technique has proven controversial with some scientists claiming it tends to \"overstain\". Walton considered these claims to be baseless and stated that \"people are not following the published technique\". Immediately upon graduation Bill Walton joined Gulf Oil Company in their Research and Development in Pittsburgh as a paleoecologist.", "Jones' other broadcasting credits include stints with TNT, TBS, USA Network and the Denver Nuggets. Jones joined NBC shortly after the network obtained the rights to telecast NBA games prior to the 1990-91 season. After serving as an analyst on \"The NBA on NBC\" for 13 years, Jones then worked the same position for NBA TV. One of Jones' career highlights was his assignment as basketball analyst with Chick Hearn and Jim Durham in Barcelona, as part of the NBC coverage of men's basketball during the 1992 Olympic Games. In that capacity he worked the equivalent of almost one-half of an NBA season, 36 games, in just two weeks. When he worked at NBC, Jones was typically paired up with former NBA teammate Bill Walton for NBA games due to the point-counterpoint style of banter between the two. He gained notoriety while announcing with Bill Walton for reining in his verbose outbursts, often responding to Walton's sometimes sensational statements with phrases such as \"Bill, you can't be serious... \" Though they typically argued and disagreed during games, the two had a mutual respect for each other and remained good friends. They reunited on Walton's short-lived TV show \"Bill Walton's Long Strange Trip.\" Jones' health began declining in 2005 when he suffered a ruptured appendix while on assignment in New York. His younger brother, Nick Jones stated, \"My brother was a very strong guy. He fought for life for a long time.\" Jones died on November 25, 2017, in Houston, Texas, at the age of 75. He was survived by his younger brother, Nick Jones (his older brother Roman had died earlier the same week), his mother & sisters, and his wife Carol.", "Luke Walton Luke Theodore Walton (born March 28, 1980) is an American professional basketball coach and former player who is the head coach of the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played 10 seasons in the NBA as a forward, winning two NBA championships with the Los Angeles Lakers. He also won a title as an assistant coach with the Golden State Warriors, and was the head coach for the Lakers from 2016 through 2019. Walton played college basketball with the Arizona Wildcats. He was a second-team All-American and a two-time first-team all-conference selection in the Pac-10. He was selected in the second round of the 2003 NBA draft by the Lakers. After the 2010 NBA Finals, Walton and his father, Hall of Famer Bill Walton, became the first father and son to have both won multiple NBA championships: Bill won in 1977 and 1986, and Luke in 2009 and 2010. His best season statistically was 2006\u201307 with over 11 points, 5 rebounds, and over 4 assists per game. As the Warriors' interim head coach in 2015\u201316, he guided the team to the longest winning streak to open a season in league history at 16 games. The son of Susie and former UCLA star and NBA Hall-of-Famer Bill Walton, Luke Walton was born in San Diego, California. He was named after his father's close friend and former Portland Trail Blazers teammate Maurice Lucas. He has three brothers: Adam, Nathan, and Chris. Walton attended University of San Diego High School in San Diego, California, graduating in 1998. Walton played basketball at the University of Arizona under coach Lute Olson. His best year statistically was as a junior, when he averaged 15.7 points, 7.3 rebounds, 6.3 assists, 1.6 steals and 0.6 blocks per game.", "ESPN dissolved the Nessler-Tolbert-Walton team, keeping Nessler as the main announcer but pairing him with Sean Elliott and Dan Majerle. Walton was demoted significantly, working games sporadically (including most of the ESPN NBA Sunday games with either Jim Durham or Brent Musburger). Tolbert stayed with Mike Tirico in a new three-man booth that also included newcomer George Karl. Also added to the ESPN line-up was Mike Breen, who became the number three announcer behind Tirico and Nessler. Breen worked most of his games with Bill Walton. For the 2004 Eastern Conference Final, ESPN used Nessler along with ABC's lead analyst Doc Rivers for every game of the series. Game 6 between Detroit and Indiana was the last NBA game Nessler has called to date. Brad Nessler was dropped from ESPN/ABC's NBA coverage altogether starting with the 2004-05 NBA season. Mike Breen was promoted to lead announcer for ESPN, continuing to work games with Bill Walton (including the Pacers\u2013Pistons brawl). Sean Elliott was dropped, along with Dan Majerle, Doc Rivers (who had become coach of the Boston Celtics) and George Karl (who left during the season to coach the Denver Nuggets). Jim Durham's role increased and ESPN hired former NBC analyst Steve Jones ( Durham and Jones would work several regular season games together). ESPN did not use Jones and former cohort Bill Walton in games together during the regular season. Tom Tolbert's role decreased significantly; he was reduced primarily to West Coast games. In the playoffs, ESPN used the team of Mike Breen and Bill Walton for its coverage of the 2005 Western Conference Final. Al Michaels partnered with newly added Hubie Brown for the NBA Finals on ABC. ESPN's announcing teams remained stable in the 2005-06 NBA season."], "answer": {"text": "Walton was the 1973 recipient of the James E. Sullivan Award", "answer_start": 1416}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Bill Walton born?", "answer": {"text": "Walton was born in La Mesa, California,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play college basketball?", "answer": {"text": "He played college basketball for John Wooden at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)", "answer_start": 469, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play basketball in high school?", "answer": {"text": "He played high school basketball at Helix High School.", "answer_start": 299, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ece8b3ecad8a47d5a1380955ce47184a_1_q#4", "question": "What other awards did he win?", "rewrite": "Besides winning the James E. Sullivan Award in 1973, what other awards did Bill Walton win?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Walton was born in La Mesa, California, the son of Gloria Anne (nee Hickey) and William Theodore \"Ted\" Walton. His listed adult playing height was 6 feet 11 inches; it has been reported that Walton is actually taller (7 feet 2 inches, or more) but does not like being categorized as a seven-footer. He played high school basketball at Helix High School. At age 17, Walton played for the United States men's national basketball team at the 1970 FIBA World Championship. He played college basketball for John Wooden at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) from 1971 to 1974, winning the national title in 1972 over Florida State and again in 1973 with an 87-66 win over Memphis State in which Walton made 21 of 22 field goal attempts and scored 44 points, representing more than half his team's total. The Walton-led 1971-72 UCLA basketball team had a record of 30-0, in the process winning its games by an average margin of more than 30 points. He was the backbone of two consecutive 30-0 seasons and was also part of UCLA's NCAA men's basketball record 88-game winning streak. The UCLA streak contributed to a personal winning streak that lasted almost five years, in which Walton's high school, UCLA freshman (freshmen were ineligible for the varsity at that time) and UCLA varsity teams did not lose a game from the middle of his junior year of high school to the middle of his senior year in college. Walton was the 1973 recipient of the James E. Sullivan Award as the top amateur athlete in the United States. Walton also received the USBWA College Player of the Year and Naismith College Player of the Year as the top college basketball player in the country three years in a row while attending UCLA, at the same time earning Academic All-American honors three times.", "Kurt Thomas (gymnast) Kurt Bilteaux Thomas (born March 29, 1956 in Miami, Florida) is an American Olympic gymnast. Thomas competed for Indiana State University; where he was a five-time NCAA champion, winning the parallel bars and all-around in 1977 and parallel bars, horizontal bar and the all-around in 1979. Thomas helped lead the men's gymnastics to the 1977 National Championship. He earned All-America honors 13 times in his career and was the James E. Sullivan award winner in 1979, as well as the 1979 Nissen Award (the \"Heisman\" of men's gymnastics) awardee. He was inducted into the Indiana State University Athletic Hall of Fame in 1999 and the Missouri Valley Conference Hall of Fame in 2010. Thomas became a member of the US Olympic team at the 1976 Summer Olympics. In 1978, Thomas was the first American male gymnast to win a gold medal in floor exercise in a world championship. In 1979 he became the first gymnast to receive the James E. Sullivan Award for the best amateur athlete in the US and earned six medals at the World Championships, including gold on the horizontal bar and floor exercise, and silver in the all-around, parallel bars, and pommel horse. Coming off an impressive 1979 World Championship (6 medals), he was a favorite to win a gold medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics; however, the games were boycotted by the United States government. Since the Olympics' strict amateurism rules at the time would have forced him to forgo many lucrative financial opportunities, Thomas elected not to attempt to compete in the 1984 Summer Olympics. With professionals allowed to compete by the time of the 1992 Summer Olympics, Thomas attempted a comeback.", "James E. Sullivan Award The AAU James E. Sullivan Award, presented by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU), is awarded annually in April to \"the most outstanding amateur athlete in the United States\". Representatives from the AAU created the AAU Sullivan Award with the intent to recognize amateur contributions and achievements from non-professional athletes across the country. The award was established in 1930 in honor of the organization's founder and past president, James Edward Sullivan. Based on the qualities of leadership, character, sportsmanship, and the ideals of amateurism, the AAU Sullivan Award \"goes far beyond athletic accomplishments and honors those who have shown strong moral character\". Finalists are selected from public nominations following a review by the AAU Sullivan Award Executive Committee. Approximately 10 semi-finalists are chosen, and the eventual winner is determined by votes from various members of the nationwide news media, former winners and AAU personnel. More recently, a portion of the winner's vote has been determined by the general public. Recipients are eligible for subsequent awards, although this has yet to happen. The inaugural winner of the award was golfer Bobby Jones, winner of 13 majors between 1923 and 1930. The first female recipient, in 1944, was swimmer Ann Curtis, who won more national AAU championships than any other woman.", "Kelly Miller (basketball) Kelly Miller (born September 6, 1978) is a professional basketball player who most recently played for the New York Liberty. She is the identical twin sister of fellow basketball player Coco Miller. Born in Rochester, Minnesota, Kelly initially was interested in playing soccer and not basketball at high school, soon she joined her sister Coco. They also helped their school go 27\u20130 and win the Minnesota state's class 4A championship. Miller was named a WBCA All-American. She participated in the WBCA High School All-America Game where she scored thirteen points. The twins went to University of Georgia, where they both majored in biology and won a series of awards, including the James E. Sullivan Award, given to the nation's top amateur athlete. They earned that award in 1999, becoming the first pair of twins to earn the award, and joining such luminaries as Carl Lewis, Greg Louganis, Bill Walton, Bill Bradley, Kurt Thomas, Jackie Joyner-Kersee and Janet Evans as recipients of the award. Kelly ranked second in points among University of Georgia women players with 2,177; second in assists with 639; fourth in steals with 379 and tenth in rebounds with 711. She is the only player in UGA women's basketball to rank among the top ten in points, assists, steals and rebounds. She became the third player in that university's history to pass over 2,000 points, and the third player in the Southeastern Conference's (SEC) history to garner \"Player of the Week\" awards three weeks in a row. Source Miller played on the team presenting the US at the 1999 World University Games held in Palma de Mallorca, Spain. The team had a 4\u20132 record and earned the silver medal. Miller averaged 10.2 points per game.", "Coco Miller Colleen Mary \u201cCoco\u201d Miller (born September 6, 1978) is a professional basketball player in the WNBA. She is the identical twin sister of fellow WNBA player Kelly Miller. Born in Rochester, Minnesota, Coco played basketball with her sister at Mayo High School, and made it to a championship in, where she lost in the finals. The twins also helped their school go 27-0 and win the Minnesota state's class 4A championship. Miller was named a WBCA All-American. She participated in the WBCA High School All-America Game where she scored eight points. The twins went to University of Georgia, where they both majored in biology and won a series of awards, including the James E. Sullivan Award, given to the nation's top amateur athlete. They earned that award in 1999, becoming the first pair of twins to earn the award, and joining such luminaries as Carl Lewis, Greg Louganis, Bill Walton, Bill Bradley, Kurt Thomas, Jackie Joyner-Kersee and Janet Evans as recipients of the award. Coco was among the top ten in that school's list among women basketball players in assists and steals. She participated in the World University Games, helping her team to a silver medal. She finished her college career fifth among SEC women in scoring at 16.6, second in free throw percentage at .743% from the free throw line, and eighth in steals with 160. She was a finalist for the Naismith award as the player of the year during her final college season. Source Miller played on the team representing the US at the 1999 World University Games held in Palma de Mallorca, Spain. The team had a 4\u20132 record and earned the silver medal. Miller averaged 8.3 points per game. In 2001, Coco and Kelly entered the WNBA Draft."], "answer": {"text": "Walton also received the USBWA College Player of the Year", "answer_start": 1526}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Bill Walton born?", "answer": {"text": "Walton was born in La Mesa, California,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play college basketball?", "answer": {"text": "He played college basketball for John Wooden at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)", "answer_start": 469, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play basketball in high school?", "answer": {"text": "He played high school basketball at Helix High School.", "answer_start": 299, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "Walton was the 1973 recipient of the James E. Sullivan Award", "answer_start": 1416, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ece8b3ecad8a47d5a1380955ce47184a_1_q#5", "question": "Did he have any notable games?", "rewrite": "Did Bill Walton have any notable games?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Jones' other broadcasting credits include stints with TNT, TBS, USA Network and the Denver Nuggets. Jones joined NBC shortly after the network obtained the rights to telecast NBA games prior to the 1990-91 season. After serving as an analyst on \"The NBA on NBC\" for 13 years, Jones then worked the same position for NBA TV. One of Jones' career highlights was his assignment as basketball analyst with Chick Hearn and Jim Durham in Barcelona, as part of the NBC coverage of men's basketball during the 1992 Olympic Games. In that capacity he worked the equivalent of almost one-half of an NBA season, 36 games, in just two weeks. When he worked at NBC, Jones was typically paired up with former NBA teammate Bill Walton for NBA games due to the point-counterpoint style of banter between the two. He gained notoriety while announcing with Bill Walton for reining in his verbose outbursts, often responding to Walton's sometimes sensational statements with phrases such as \"Bill, you can't be serious... \" Though they typically argued and disagreed during games, the two had a mutual respect for each other and remained good friends. They reunited on Walton's short-lived TV show \"Bill Walton's Long Strange Trip.\" Jones' health began declining in 2005 when he suffered a ruptured appendix while on assignment in New York. His younger brother, Nick Jones stated, \"My brother was a very strong guy. He fought for life for a long time.\" Jones died on November 25, 2017, in Houston, Texas, at the age of 75. He was survived by his younger brother, Nick Jones (his older brother Roman had died earlier the same week), his mother & sisters, and his wife Carol.", "ESPN dissolved the Nessler-Tolbert-Walton team, keeping Nessler as the main announcer but pairing him with Sean Elliott and Dan Majerle. Walton was demoted significantly, working games sporadically (including most of the ESPN NBA Sunday games with either Jim Durham or Brent Musburger). Tolbert stayed with Mike Tirico in a new three-man booth that also included newcomer George Karl. Also added to the ESPN line-up was Mike Breen, who became the number three announcer behind Tirico and Nessler. Breen worked most of his games with Bill Walton. For the 2004 Eastern Conference Final, ESPN used Nessler along with ABC's lead analyst Doc Rivers for every game of the series. Game 6 between Detroit and Indiana was the last NBA game Nessler has called to date. Brad Nessler was dropped from ESPN/ABC's NBA coverage altogether starting with the 2004-05 NBA season. Mike Breen was promoted to lead announcer for ESPN, continuing to work games with Bill Walton (including the Pacers\u2013Pistons brawl). Sean Elliott was dropped, along with Dan Majerle, Doc Rivers (who had become coach of the Boston Celtics) and George Karl (who left during the season to coach the Denver Nuggets). Jim Durham's role increased and ESPN hired former NBC analyst Steve Jones ( Durham and Jones would work several regular season games together). ESPN did not use Jones and former cohort Bill Walton in games together during the regular season. Tom Tolbert's role decreased significantly; he was reduced primarily to West Coast games. In the playoffs, ESPN used the team of Mike Breen and Bill Walton for its coverage of the 2005 Western Conference Final. Al Michaels partnered with newly added Hubie Brown for the NBA Finals on ABC. ESPN's announcing teams remained stable in the 2005-06 NBA season.", "Unlike most network pregame shows, \"Shootaround\" did not take place in a studio, and instead traveled to a different site each week (much like ESPN's \"College Gameday\"). Starting with Game 1 of the 2003 Eastern Conference Finals, Walton was replaced in the pregame show by Sean Elliott. Tolbert was dropped from the pregame show starting with Game 1 of the NBA Finals. Tirico and Elliott were joined by a guest analyst for each game of the Finals. After bad ratings in the 2002-2003 season, ABC retooled much of its NBA coverage. This included its pregame show, which was rebranded \"NBA Hangtime\", and moved into the network's Times Square studios. The pregame show was given new music and graphics, to differentiate itself from its ESPN counterpart, and was still hosted by Mike Tirico. Tom Tolbert was brought back as an analyst, but ABC dropped Bill Walton from pregame show duties. He was replaced by George Karl. After criticism from the media on Karl's lack of opinion during the program, ABC replaced him on February 22, 2004 with former New Jersey Nets coach Byron Scott. \" NBA Hangtime\" lasted through the 2003-2004 season, and continued on Christmas Day 2004, prior to the much-hyped Los Angeles Lakers-Miami Heat game. This telecast was the only \"NBA Hangtime\" to involve analysts Steve Jones and Bill Walton. For most of the 2004-2005 season, ABC's pregame show was known as \"NBA Game Time\". Like \"Hangtime\", it originated from the network's Times Square studios, and was once more hosted by Mike Tirico. Tirico was re-joined by Bill Walton in the studio, and Walton's old broadcast partner from NBC, Steve \"Snapper\" Jones.", "Luke Walton Luke Theodore Walton (born March 28, 1980) is an American professional basketball coach and former player who is the head coach of the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played 10 seasons in the NBA as a forward, winning two NBA championships with the Los Angeles Lakers. He also won a title as an assistant coach with the Golden State Warriors, and was the head coach for the Lakers from 2016 through 2019. Walton played college basketball with the Arizona Wildcats. He was a second-team All-American and a two-time first-team all-conference selection in the Pac-10. He was selected in the second round of the 2003 NBA draft by the Lakers. After the 2010 NBA Finals, Walton and his father, Hall of Famer Bill Walton, became the first father and son to have both won multiple NBA championships: Bill won in 1977 and 1986, and Luke in 2009 and 2010. His best season statistically was 2006\u201307 with over 11 points, 5 rebounds, and over 4 assists per game. As the Warriors' interim head coach in 2015\u201316, he guided the team to the longest winning streak to open a season in league history at 16 games. The son of Susie and former UCLA star and NBA Hall-of-Famer Bill Walton, Luke Walton was born in San Diego, California. He was named after his father's close friend and former Portland Trail Blazers teammate Maurice Lucas. He has three brothers: Adam, Nathan, and Chris. Walton attended University of San Diego High School in San Diego, California, graduating in 1998. Walton played basketball at the University of Arizona under coach Lute Olson. His best year statistically was as a junior, when he averaged 15.7 points, 7.3 rebounds, 6.3 assists, 1.6 steals and 0.6 blocks per game.", "Mike Breen was promoted to lead announcer for ESPN, continuing to work games with Bill Walton (including the Pacers\u2013Pistons brawl). Sean Elliott was dropped, along with Dan Majerle, Doc Rivers (who had become coach of the Boston Celtics) and George Karl (who left during the season to coach the Denver Nuggets). Jim Durham's role increased and ESPN hired former NBC analyst Steve Jones ( Durham and Jones would work several regular season games together). ESPN did not use Jones and former cohort Bill Walton in games together during the regular season. Tom Tolbert's role decreased significantly; he was reduced primarily to West Coast games. In the playoffs, ESPN used the team of Mike Breen and Bill Walton for its coverage of the 2005 Western Conference Final. Al Michaels partnered with newly added Hubie Brown for the NBA Finals on ABC. Outside of the Conference Finals, ABC generally airs playoff games throughout the first five weeks of the NBA Playoffs, in addition to a number of special prime-time playoff games, usually televised on Thursday or Saturday nights. In 2005, ABC aired the first non-cable Memorial Day game in three years, when the Phoenix Suns and San Antonio Spurs battled in Game 4 of the Western Conference Finals. Prior to the most recent NBA television deal, Memorial Day playoff games had become a yearly tradition on network television. Unlike previous broadcast partners, ABC has never aired a non-Christmas regular season game after 3:30 p.m. Eastern Time. While NBC had several 5:30 p.m. Eastern start times for games, ABC has only gone beyond that time on Christmas, and for select playoff games, including the Finals. On March 20, 2005, ABC aired a pair of games regionally (between the San Antonio Spurs and Detroit Pistons, and the Phoenix Suns and Memphis Grizzlies) at 3:30 p.m. Eastern Time."], "answer": {"text": "The Walton-led 1971-72 UCLA basketball team had a record of 30-0, in the process winning its games by an average margin of more than 30 points.", "answer_start": 812}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Bill Walton born?", "answer": {"text": "Walton was born in La Mesa, California,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play college basketball?", "answer": {"text": "He played college basketball for John Wooden at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)", "answer_start": 469, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play basketball in high school?", "answer": {"text": "He played high school basketball at Helix High School.", "answer_start": 299, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "Walton was the 1973 recipient of the James E. Sullivan Award", "answer_start": 1416, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other awards did he win?", "answer": {"text": "Walton also received the USBWA College Player of the Year", "answer_start": 1526, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1573866a99f4b9393fe2b9f9f4ac94b_1_q#0", "question": "Why is Sgt. Slaughter known as the Iraqi sympathizer?", "rewrite": "Why is Sgt. Slaughter known as the Iraqi sympathizer?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Survivor Series (1990) Survivor Series (1990) was the fourth annual Survivor Series professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It took place on Thanksgiving Day, November 22, 1990, at the Hartford Civic Center in Hartford, Connecticut. This event is known for the on-screen debut of The Undertaker, went on to become the WWF Champion at the next Survivor Series, and the appearance of the Gobbledy Gooker. The Undertaker replaced Bad News Brown who had left the WWF after being reneged on a promise to be put in a feud with Hulk Hogan and becoming the first black WWF Champion. In addition, Sgt. Slaughter, who then portrayed an Iraqi sympathizer, insulted servicemen stationed in Iraq for Thanksgiving during Operation Desert Shield. In an interview, Randy Savage challenged The Ultimate Warrior for the WWF World Championship. Haku replaced Rick Rude, who had left the WWF over a pay dispute. In the storyline, he was suspended by WWF President Jack Tunney for insulting the mother of the Big Boss Man. Boris Zhukov replaced Akeem who had left the WWF in October. Crowd reaction to the Gobbledy Gooker was extremely negative, with fans loudly booing as the costumed H\u00e9ctor Guerrero danced in the ring with announcer Gene Okerlund. Although the character made a handful of appearances in taped promos following the Survivor Series, the Gobbledy Gooker soon disappeared and was not mentioned again until the Gimmick Battle Royal at WrestleMania X-Seven. Several years later, WrestleCrap used the name for its \"Gooker Award\", presented for the worst gimmicks, storylines or events in wrestling. Sgt. Slaughter and Randy Savage both challenged the Ultimate Warrior for the WWF Championship.", "Hasbro, the maker of G.I. Joe toys, discontinued production in mid-1990, partly because the World Wrestling Federation's new storyline featuring Slaughter as a \"bad guy\" and, in storyline, an Iraqi sympathizer. Sgt. Slaughter led two G.I. Joe special teams. One was the \"Renegades\", a mercenary-type group that partakes in highly sensitive, bottom drawer-classified missions for the United States. They included former football thug David \"Red Dog\" Taputapu, circus performer/Interpol agent Varujan \"Taurus\" Ayvazyan, and ex-Cobra Viper Felix \"Mercer\" Stratton. Falcon was with them unofficially after being court martialed as punishment in the animated movie. Later, he led the \"Marauders\", a G.I. Joe assault squad released in 1989, and composed of Spirit, the tracker; Low-Light, the night operations sniper; Barbecue, the firefighter; Mutt, the K-9 handler; and Footloose, the ground pounder. In 1988, Sgt. Slaughter was released as a figure for the driver of the vehicle toy called 'Warthog A.I.F.V.' For the 2006 G.I. Joe Convention, which the real Sgt. Slaughter attended as guest of honor, a new figure was made reusing older figure parts, including the original toy's head. For the 2010 San Diego Comic Con, Hasbro revealed two new figures of Sgt. Slaughter would be sold exclusively at the con, one based on his 1985 mail-away toy while the other on his 1986 Triple T driver toy. The former figure includes a whistle, baton, microphone and title belt while the latter has a whistle, baton, machine gun, bipod and revolver.", "George Steinbrenner, Paul Maguire, Macaulay Culkin, Donald Trump, Lou Ferrigno, Chuck Norris, Beverly D'Angelo and Henry Winkler appeared as spectators. The artist for the promotional poster is renowned illustrative painter Joe Jusko known mainly for his work within the comic book industry. Randy Savage required surgery on a broken thumb in late January before the event. The injury required him to miss several matches leading up to WrestleMania. The two main feuds entering WrestleMania in 1991 were between Hulk Hogan and WWF World Heavyweight Champion Sgt. Slaughter and The Ultimate Warrior and \"Macho King\" Randy Savage, and in a way both were intertwined. Warrior had defeated Hogan for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania a year earlier and entered 1991 as the champion. In the meantime, Sgt. Slaughter had returned to the WWF near the end of 1990 after spending five years wrestling in the American Wrestling Association. When he returned, Slaughter announced that he had turned his back on his country and had become an Iraqi sympathizer and follower of Saddam Hussein. He had also revealed an alliance with an Iraqi military leader, General Adnan, who became his advisor (Adnan having followed Slaughter from the AWA to participate in the angle). This coincided with the increasing tension in the Middle East that was going on at that time, which eventually would lead to Operation Desert Storm and American involvement in the conflict. Slaughter would eventually set his sights on the Warrior, and the two agreed to a match at the Royal Rumble in January 1991. Savage, meanwhile, was trying to regain the WWF World Heavyweight Championship that he had lost at WrestleMania V to Hogan and challenged Warrior repeatedly to give him a shot. Warrior continually refused to do so and Savage decided to seek another remedy. During the match between Warrior and Slaughter, Savage and his manager Queen Sherri came to ringside and got involved in the match.", "WrestleMania VII WrestleMania VII was the seventh annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It took place on March 24, 1991, at the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena in Los Angeles, California. The main event saw Hulk Hogan defeat Sgt. Slaughter for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship as part of a controversial storyline in which Sgt. Slaughter portrayed an Iraqi sympathizer during the United States' involvement in the Gulf War. Significant events on the undercard included The Undertaker's WrestleMania debut and the beginning of his renowned winning streak, a retirement match between Randy Savage and The Ultimate Warrior leading to the former's reuniting with estranged love Miss Elizabeth, as well as the final televised match of the original Hart Foundation, after which Bret Hart became primarily a singles wrestler. WrestleMania VII was originally scheduled to be held at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, but the WWF decided to move the event to the adjacent Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena. The WWF's stated reason for the venue change was that it had security concerns in the wake of Sgt. Slaughter's portrayal of an Iraqi sympathizer during the Gulf War. This was dismissed by outlets such as SLAM! Sports of Canada, who chalked up the venue change to poor advanced ticket sales, and the company having difficulty filling the estimated 100,000 seats available. According to former WWF executive Bruce Prichard, both were accurate statements. In his podcast, \"Something to Wrestle With\" , Prichard said that even if the WWF had sold out the Coliseum the scope of the event was too large for police to ensure its security.", "(Sheik and Volkoff won by disqualification when Duggan entered the ring while chasing Volkoff and then hit the Sheik with his 2x4 while he had the camel clutch on \"Jumping\" Jim Brunzell). In late 1987, Volkoff was teamed with Boris Zhukov, another alleged Russian (actually an American wrestler whose real name was James Harrell), to form The Bolsheviks. They feuded with WWF newcomers The Powers of Pain, losing to them at the inaugural \"SummerSlam\" PPV in 1988, however The Bolsheviks did not gain the success as did his partnership with The Iron Sheik. As they lost the public eye due to many losses, they eventually lost their manager Slick and were used as a comic relief team losing many matches to The Bushwhackers. The Bolsheviks never held any titles together, and are perhaps best remembered for being defeated in 19 seconds by The Hart Foundation at WrestleMania VI. Eventually, by 1990, The Bolsheviks split up. Volkoff publicly ended the partnership prior to a match where he confronted Zhukhov and then started singing \"The Star-Spangled Banner\", drawing loud cheers from the audience and turning babyface in the process. A short time after The Bolsheviks split, Volkoff became a face for the first time in his career. His gimmick was now that of a recent defector, he became very pro-west which led to a feud with Sgt. Slaughter who had an Iraqi sympathizer role and teamed with the former Iron Sheik, who had recently begun an Iraqi gimmick under the name Colonel Mustafa. After Volkoff's team defeated Slaughter's team at the 1990 Survivor Series (Tito Santana was the sole survivor), Volkoff left the WWF at the end of 1990."], "answer": {"text": "A decision was made to have Slaughter support the Iraqi cause, not for the actual political reasons, but more for the fact that Slaughter liked \"brutality", "answer_start": 579}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c1573866a99f4b9393fe2b9f9f4ac94b_1_q#3", "question": "Is there anything else interesting?", "rewrite": "Besides Sgt. Slaughter's style of wrestling, is there anything else interesting?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Sgt. Slaughter (G.I. Joe) Sgt. Slaughter is a fictional character from the \"\" toyline series. G.I. Joe used the persona of the professional wrestler of the same name as a model for their character. Though the original G.I. Joe was based on the real-life Sgt. Alvin York, Sgt. Slaughter was the first G.I. Joe figure accurately based on a real person (Chicago Bears defensive tackle William \"The Refrigerator\" Perry was the second). Sgt. Slaughter was also the most successful toy character, with several versions of his toy action figure being released. Unlike other real-person action figures, Sgt. Slaughter's toy version makes no reference to its real-life inspiration, although the figure does have wrestling moves. The real-life Sgt. Slaughter also did the voice for the animated character, and appeared in person for introductions to the episodes that were originally \"\". He was also the spokesman for the G.I. Joe toys from 1989 to early 1990, introducing the new vehicles and figures. Sgt. Slaughter was born in Parris Island, South Carolina, and during his service in the United States Marine Corps, spent time dressing down trainees in Camp Lejeune. His real name is top secret. According to the G.I. Joe storyline, since just about every member of the G.I. Joe team is qualified to be a drill instructor, it takes a special brand of heavy duty honcho to keep them squared away. He serves as the team's special drill instructor, as mentioned in the animated movie, and also engages in special missions. From 1985-1989, there were new Sgt. Slaughter action figures almost every year.", "Though the two had attended the University of South Dakota at the same time, they had never met. Frantz continued to write until his death in 1993. In the 1950s, Yellow Robe appeared as a regular on NBC children's programs and was featured on Robert Montgomery Presents. In 1950, Rosebud Yellow Robe was hired by Twentieth-Century Fox to undertake a national publicity tour for the movie \"\"Broken Arrow\". \" The movie, directed by Delmer Daves, starred James Stewart as Tom Jeffords, Jeff Chandler as Cochise and Jay Silverheels as Geronimo. The film is based on historical figures but fictionalizes their story in dramatized form. \" Broken Arrow\" was nominated for three Academy Awards, and won a Golden Globe award for \"Best Film Promoting International Understanding.\" Film historians reported that the movie was one of the first major Westerns since the Second World War to portray the Indians sympathetically. Rosebud was interviewed by newspapers during the tour and explained that there were no such things as Indian princesses, and that the myth started when Pocahontas went to England and the English named her \"Lady Rebecca. \" The Americans decided that she must be royalty, so they made her \"princess. \" It's an old English rather an old Indian custom.\" Rosebud voiced complaints about the portrayals of Indians on radio, screen and television to \"a new generation of children learning the old stereotypes about whooping, warring Indians, as if there weren't anything else interesting about us.\" Rosebud Yellow Robe authored two children's books. \u201d \"An Album of the American Indian\"\u201d, published in 1969, highlights centuries of Native American history depicting the daily lives of seven different Indian tribes prior to European contact.", "\"Broken Arrow\", however, is noteworthy for being one of the first post-war Westerns to portray Native Americans in a balanced, sympathetic way \u2013 although most of the Indians were played by white actors, with Brooklyn-born Jeff Chandler portraying Apache leader Cochise. An exception was that Native Canadian Mohawk actor Jay Silverheels was noted for his role as Geronimo in the film. Some scholars have said that the film appealed to an ideal of tolerance and racial equality that would influence later Westerns and indicate Hollywood's response to the Indian's evolving role in American society. \" Chronicle of the Cinema\" praised the film: \"Based on verifiable fact, it faithfully evokes the historical relationship between Cochise and Jeffords, marking a historical rehabilitation of Indians in the cinema.\" In 1950, Rosebud Yellow Robe, a Native American folklorist, educator, and author, was hired by Twentieth-Century Fox to undertake a national tour to promote the film. Rosebud explained that there were no such things as Indian princesses, and that the myth started when Pocahontas went to England and the English named her \"Lady Rebecca\". Rosebud voiced complaints about the portrayals of Indians on radio, screen, and television to \"... a new generation of children learning the old stereotypes about whooping, warring Indians, as if there weren't anything else interesting about us.\" The Apache Wedding Prayer was written for this movie. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: \"Broken Arrow\" was dramatized as an hour-long radio play on January 22, 1951, starring Burt Lancaster and Debra Paget. It was also presented as a half-hour broadcast of \"Screen Director's Playhouse\" on September 7, 1951, with James Stewart and Jeff Chandler in their original film roles.", "In the Marvel Comics \"\" series, his first appearance is in issue #48. The drill sergeant is confronted by suspicious Joe members who are part of the top-level security team. He defeats them in hand-to-hand combat, then gets the explanation that the master of disguise known as Zartan is loose. Sgt. Slaughter leads the Joes that he just defeated in securing the top-level exits. He finds Zartan fighting another Joe, Gung-Ho, having taken his image. Both claim the other is the enemy. Sgt. Slaughter knocks out Zartan with one punch, and attributes his correct choice to luck. In issue #51, he places Thunder in charge of the Joe HQ, and accompanies Cross-Country on the H.A.V.O.C. to pursue Zartan and the Dreadnoks after another escape attempt. After losing track of Zartan and his accompanying Dreadnoks, Sgt. Slaughter takes the H.A.V.O.C.'s hovercraft for recon. He finds them, but is fooled by the disguises the Dreadnoks have worked up. Sgt. Slaughter is not listed on the official listing of personnel in the Battle Files mini-series, which lists all active and reservist members. However, Sgt. Slaughter is listed as an active member of the G.I. Joe team in \"G.I. Joe: America's Elite\" #28. He is later seen working with Joe veteran 'Jane' to evacuate endangered Joe support personnel. In volume 2 of \" G.I. Joe A Real American Hero\", Sgt. Slaughter appears in a flashback as a drill sergeant for incoming Joe trainees, AKA Greenshirts. He works closely with Beach-Head. Sgt. Slaughter was featured in the Sunbow/Marvel \"\" animated series.", "Hasbro, the maker of G.I. Joe toys, discontinued production in mid-1990, partly because the World Wrestling Federation's new storyline featuring Slaughter as a \"bad guy\" and, in storyline, an Iraqi sympathizer. Sgt. Slaughter led two G.I. Joe special teams. One was the \"Renegades\", a mercenary-type group that partakes in highly sensitive, bottom drawer-classified missions for the United States. They included former football thug David \"Red Dog\" Taputapu, circus performer/Interpol agent Varujan \"Taurus\" Ayvazyan, and ex-Cobra Viper Felix \"Mercer\" Stratton. Falcon was with them unofficially after being court martialed as punishment in the animated movie. Later, he led the \"Marauders\", a G.I. Joe assault squad released in 1989, and composed of Spirit, the tracker; Low-Light, the night operations sniper; Barbecue, the firefighter; Mutt, the K-9 handler; and Footloose, the ground pounder. In 1988, Sgt. Slaughter was released as a figure for the driver of the vehicle toy called 'Warthog A.I.F.V.' For the 2006 G.I. Joe Convention, which the real Sgt. Slaughter attended as guest of honor, a new figure was made reusing older figure parts, including the original toy's head. For the 2010 San Diego Comic Con, Hasbro revealed two new figures of Sgt. Slaughter would be sold exclusively at the con, one based on his 1985 mail-away toy while the other on his 1986 Triple T driver toy. The former figure includes a whistle, baton, microphone and title belt while the latter has a whistle, baton, machine gun, bipod and revolver."], "answer": {"text": "As 1990 ended, Slaughter began challenging for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship that had been held by The Ultimate Warrior since WrestleMania VI.", "answer_start": 382}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why is Sgt. Slaughter known as the Iraqi sympathizer?", "answer": {"text": "A decision was made to have Slaughter support the Iraqi cause, not for the actual political reasons, but more for the fact that Slaughter liked \"brutality", "answer_start": 579, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he wrestle with force?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever serve in Iraq?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1573866a99f4b9393fe2b9f9f4ac94b_1_q#4", "question": "Did he ever win that Championship?", "rewrite": "Did Sgt. Slaughter ever win the WWF World Heavyweight Championship?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["D -Generation X: In Your House D-Generation X: In Your House (also spelled as Degeneration X: In Your House) was the nineteenth In Your House professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It took place on December 7, 1997, at the Springfield Civic Center in Springfield, Massachusetts. In the main event, Ken Shamrock defeated Shawn Michaels by disqualification in a match for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship; Michaels thus retained his title. Notable matches on the undercard included Stone Cold Steve Austin defeating The Rock to retain the WWF Intercontinental Championship, The New Age Outlaws defeating the Legion of Doom by disqualification to retain the WWF Tag Team Championship, and WWF Commissioner Sgt. Slaughter coming out of retirement to lose a Boot Camp match to Triple H. The main feud heading into D-Generation X: In Your House was between Shawn Michaels and Ken Shamrock over the WWF World Heavyweight Championship. The feud started after Bret Hart left the WWF to join rival company World Championship Wrestling (WCW) after the infamous \"Montreal Screwjob\" at Survivor Series. Shamrock, who returned from an injury, which had been caused by the Nation of Domination in September, was the number one contender for Michaels' WWF World Heavyweight Championship. On the December 1 episode of \"Raw is War\", Michaels taunted Shamrock, saying that he would not be able to break Michaels' ankle (a reference to Shamrock's signature ankle lock). Later on that night, Michaels and his D-Generation X teammates, Chyna and Triple H, humiliated and assaulted Jim \"The Anvil\" Neidhart, until Shamrock and WWF commissioner Sgt. Slaughter saved Neidhart, with Shamrock locking in the Ankle Lock on Michaels and Sgt. Slaughter locking the Cobra Clutch on Triple H. Slaughter then challenged Triple H to a Boot Camp match, which he accepted.", "List of WWE tournaments WWE has held a variety of different professional wrestling tournaments competed for by professional wrestlers that are part of their roster. The Wrestling Classic, also known as Wrestlevision, was a pay-per-view event that took place on November 7, 1985, from the Rosemont Horizon in Rosemont, Illinois. It revolved around a 16-man single-elimination tournament and included a WWF World Heavyweight Championship match. Junkyard Dog won the tournament after defeating Randy \"Macho Man\" Savage. The Frank Tunney Sr. Memorial Tag Team Tournament was a tournament. The main event at WrestleMania IV was a 14-man tournament for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship where \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage defeated \"Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase to win the vacant WWF World Heavyweight Championship title. The WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship Tournament was a tournament to decide a new WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion after previous champion Ultimate Warrior was stripped of the title after he defeated Hulk Hogan for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania VI. The WWF Women's Championship Tournament was a tournament to decide the new WWF Women's Champion after the title was reinstated after three years of inactivity. The WWF Tag Team Championship Tournament was a tournament to decide new WWF Tag Team Champions after former champions Diesel and Shawn Michaels vacated the titles due to the two not being able to function as a tag team, which was won by The 1-2-3 Kid and Bob Holly. The WWF Tag Team Championship Tournament was a tournament to decide new WWF Tag Team Champions after former champions The Smokin' Gunns had to vacate the titles due to Billy Gunn suffering a neck injury, the tournament was won by The Bodydonnas (Skip and Zip). The Kuwait Cup was a tournament held throughout a 1996 house show tour in Kuwait.", "In the main event match, The Ultimate Warrior won the WWF World Heavyweight Championship from Hulk Hogan. The following year, the event returned to the United States for WrestleMania VII, which was originally scheduled to be held at the outdoors Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. The event was moved to the adjacent indoors Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena after poor tickets sales, sold on television as being for security reasons related to the Gulf War and Sgt. Slaughter's storyline defection to Iraq. The event saw Hulk Hogan face defending champion Sgt. Slaughter for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship, while The Undertaker made his WrestleMania debut defeating Jimmy Snuka. Following this, The Undertaker was undefeated in 21 of his WrestleMania matches, until he lost to Brock Lesnar at WrestleMania XXX. The next edition, WrestleMania VIII, was held in the Hoosier Dome with Macho Man Randy Savage defeating Ric Flair for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship and Hulk Hogan defeating Sid Justice via disqualification. WrestleMania IX was the first WrestleMania held at an outdoor venue. It was also the first and only time in WrestleMania history that the WWF World Heavyweight Championship switched twice. Yokozuna defeated Bret Hart to become the WWF World Heavyweight Champion, only to lose it to Hulk Hogan. The tenth edition of the event, WrestleMania X saw its return to Madison Square Garden. The event featured Owen Hart defeating his elder brother Bret; a ladder match for the WWF Intercontinental Championship also headlined, in which Razor Ramon defeated Shawn Michaels. Bret having been defeated earlier won the WWF World Heavyweight Championship from Yokozuna in the main event. Bret is the first wrestler in WrestleMania history to lose his first match and come back to win the WWF World Heavyweight Championship in the main event. After failing to capture the title from Diesel at WrestleMania XI, Michaels defeated Bret Hart to win the WWF World Heavyweight Championship in a 60-minute Iron Man match at WrestleMania XII. The match was widely praised.", "George Steinbrenner, Paul Maguire, Macaulay Culkin, Donald Trump, Lou Ferrigno, Chuck Norris, Beverly D'Angelo and Henry Winkler appeared as spectators. The artist for the promotional poster is renowned illustrative painter Joe Jusko known mainly for his work within the comic book industry. Randy Savage required surgery on a broken thumb in late January before the event. The injury required him to miss several matches leading up to WrestleMania. The two main feuds entering WrestleMania in 1991 were between Hulk Hogan and WWF World Heavyweight Champion Sgt. Slaughter and The Ultimate Warrior and \"Macho King\" Randy Savage, and in a way both were intertwined. Warrior had defeated Hogan for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania a year earlier and entered 1991 as the champion. In the meantime, Sgt. Slaughter had returned to the WWF near the end of 1990 after spending five years wrestling in the American Wrestling Association. When he returned, Slaughter announced that he had turned his back on his country and had become an Iraqi sympathizer and follower of Saddam Hussein. He had also revealed an alliance with an Iraqi military leader, General Adnan, who became his advisor (Adnan having followed Slaughter from the AWA to participate in the angle). This coincided with the increasing tension in the Middle East that was going on at that time, which eventually would lead to Operation Desert Storm and American involvement in the conflict. Slaughter would eventually set his sights on the Warrior, and the two agreed to a match at the Royal Rumble in January 1991. Savage, meanwhile, was trying to regain the WWF World Heavyweight Championship that he had lost at WrestleMania V to Hogan and challenged Warrior repeatedly to give him a shot. Warrior continually refused to do so and Savage decided to seek another remedy. During the match between Warrior and Slaughter, Savage and his manager Queen Sherri came to ringside and got involved in the match.", "Following his WWF World Heavyweight Championship loss, Warrior focused on revenge against Savage, with their first encounter being a steel cage match January 21 at Madison Square Garden in New York City, which Savage won (with help from Sensational Sherri); Warrior was enraged and \u2013 despite being restrained by several referees and other wrestlers \u2013 attacked Sherri after the match by slamming her in the ring. Meanwhile, Warrior was unsuccessful in regaining the title, losing a series of steel cage matches to Slaughter, usually thanks to interference from Sensational Sherri. Warrior and Savage eventually agreed to a \"career vs. career match\" at WrestleMania VII, which Warrior won. (Slaughter, meanwhile, also defended his belt against \"Hacksaw\" Jim Duggan, with Duggan winning a majority of these matches by countout or disqualification.) Hogan, meanwhile, was named the number one contender for Slaughter's WWF World Heavyweight Championship. During a promo that took place right after the Slaughter-Warrior match, Gene Okerlund \"received word\" that Slaughter was defacing the American flag, to which Hogan vowed that Slaughter's reign as World Heavyweight Champion would be short-lived. At WrestleMania VII, Hogan defeated Slaughter to become WWF World Heavyweight Champion for the third time. (Prior to WrestleMania VII, Hogan defeated Earthquake in a series of \"stretcher matches\" to finish their feud.) In the January 28, 1991 issue of his Wrestling Observer Newsletter, Dave Meltzer referred to the match between The Rockers and The Orient Express as the best WWF pay-per-view match since the WrestleMania III match between Ricky Steamboat and Randy Savage. Meltzer also wrote that he considered it the best WWF pay-per-view to that point in time. A fan vote in the February 11, 1991 issue of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter had 268 out of 328 fans give the show a thumbs up."], "answer": {"text": "Slaughter thus became the thirteenth WWF World Heavyweight Champion and was immediately challenged by Royal Rumble winner Hulk Hogan,", "answer_start": 812}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why is Sgt. Slaughter known as the Iraqi sympathizer?", "answer": {"text": "A decision was made to have Slaughter support the Iraqi cause, not for the actual political reasons, but more for the fact that Slaughter liked \"brutality", "answer_start": 579, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he wrestle with force?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever serve in Iraq?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else interesting?", "answer": {"text": "As 1990 ended, Slaughter began challenging for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship that had been held by The Ultimate Warrior since WrestleMania VI.", "answer_start": 382, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1573866a99f4b9393fe2b9f9f4ac94b_1_q#5", "question": "Why did Hulk Hogan challenge him after he won?", "rewrite": "Why did Hulk Hogan challenge Sgt. Slaughter after he won the WWF World Heavyweight Championship?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It was reported that while Slaughter was portraying a turncoat, he had received numerous death threats and could not go anywhere in public without wearing a bullet-proof vest and had to be surrounded with security personnel at all times. According to Slaughter, Vince asked him to burn the American flag, but Slaughter refused to, so Slaughter suggested he burn Hulk Hogan's shirt. As 1990 ended, Slaughter began challenging for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship that had been held by The Ultimate Warrior since WrestleMania VI. Slaughter got his chance at the Royal Rumble in January 1991, days after the Gulf War air campaign had begun. He defeated the Warrior when \"Macho King\" Randy Savage, who had also been feuding with the Warrior at the time, struck the champion in the head with his royal scepter. Slaughter thus became the thirteenth WWF World Heavyweight Champion and was immediately challenged by Royal Rumble winner Hulk Hogan, who was furious that Slaughter had (kayfabe) desecrated the American flag (off-screen) as part of his victory celebration. Hogan demanded a match against Slaughter at WrestleMania VII in Los Angeles, California, and Slaughter accepted. Slaughter was defeated by Hogan, thus losing his championship. After WrestleMania Slaughter introduced his newest ally, Colonel Mustafa (The Iron Sheik, Slaughter's old nemesis). Slaughter and company went on to feud with Hogan for months, including having a three-on-two handicap match at SummerSlam 1991, which saw the team of Hulk Hogan and the Ultimate Warrior prevail over Slaughter, Adnan, and Mustafa.", "WrestleMania V WrestleMania V was the fifth annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event and closed-circuit TV event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It took place on April 2, 1989, at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey. The main event was Hulk Hogan versus Randy Savage for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship billed \"The Mega Powers Explode\" which Hogan won after a leg drop. Miss Elizabeth was at ringside in a neutral corner for the first half of the main event prior to the referee sending her to the locker room area. The undercard included matches pitting Rick Rude against The Ultimate Warrior for the WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship, The Hart Foundation (Bret Hart and Jim Neidhart) against Greg Valentine and The Honky Tonk Man and Demolition (Ax and Smash) against Powers of Pain and Mr. Fuji in a handicap match for the WWF Tag Team Championship. WrestleMania IV and V are the only two WrestleManias to be held at the same venue for two consecutive years. Run-DMC performed a \"WrestleMania Rap\" for the audience. Other celebrity guests in attendance included Donald Trump, whose Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino was the main sponsor of the event, and Morton Downey Jr. The main feud heading into WrestleMania was between Hulk Hogan and Randy Savage, with the two battling over the WWF World Heavyweight Championship. Hogan and Savage first crossed paths on the \"Saturday Night's Main Event XII\". Savage got a shot at The Honky Tonk Man's Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship but was attacked by The Hart Foundation; Hogan came to Savage's rescue, thus solidifying Savage's face turn. At WrestleMania IV, Savage defeated \"Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase in a tournament final to win the vacant WWF World Heavyweight Championship with help from Hogan and Hogan soon after came into the ring to congratulate Savage.", "George Steinbrenner, Paul Maguire, Macaulay Culkin, Donald Trump, Lou Ferrigno, Chuck Norris, Beverly D'Angelo and Henry Winkler appeared as spectators. The artist for the promotional poster is renowned illustrative painter Joe Jusko known mainly for his work within the comic book industry. Randy Savage required surgery on a broken thumb in late January before the event. The injury required him to miss several matches leading up to WrestleMania. The two main feuds entering WrestleMania in 1991 were between Hulk Hogan and WWF World Heavyweight Champion Sgt. Slaughter and The Ultimate Warrior and \"Macho King\" Randy Savage, and in a way both were intertwined. Warrior had defeated Hogan for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania a year earlier and entered 1991 as the champion. In the meantime, Sgt. Slaughter had returned to the WWF near the end of 1990 after spending five years wrestling in the American Wrestling Association. When he returned, Slaughter announced that he had turned his back on his country and had become an Iraqi sympathizer and follower of Saddam Hussein. He had also revealed an alliance with an Iraqi military leader, General Adnan, who became his advisor (Adnan having followed Slaughter from the AWA to participate in the angle). This coincided with the increasing tension in the Middle East that was going on at that time, which eventually would lead to Operation Desert Storm and American involvement in the conflict. Slaughter would eventually set his sights on the Warrior, and the two agreed to a match at the Royal Rumble in January 1991. Savage, meanwhile, was trying to regain the WWF World Heavyweight Championship that he had lost at WrestleMania V to Hogan and challenged Warrior repeatedly to give him a shot. Warrior continually refused to do so and Savage decided to seek another remedy. During the match between Warrior and Slaughter, Savage and his manager Queen Sherri came to ringside and got involved in the match.", "Andr\u00e9 the Giant\u2013Hulk Hogan rivalry The Andr\u00e9 the Giant\u2013 Hulk Hogan rivalry was a professional wrestling rivalry between wrestlers Andr\u00e9 the Giant and Hulk Hogan that took place in World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). The rivalry is considered by many to be one of the most important in professional wrestling history. 1980; in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), Andr\u00e9 as a face faced a heel Hulk Hogan 16 times throughout the year with Andr\u00e9 victorious in all the matches. At Shea Stadium during Showdown at Shea, as well as a month later in Hamburg, Pennsylvania, Hogan slammed Andr\u00e9. Throughout 1982 and 1983 while both were working in New Japan Pro-Wrestling the two had several additional matches, however during these matches Andr\u00e9 was the heel and Hogan was the face. On an edition of \"Piper's Pit\" in 1987, Hogan was presented a trophy for being the WWF World Heavyweight Champion for three years; Andr\u00e9 came out to congratulate him. On the following week's \"Piper's Pit\", Andr\u00e9 was presented a slightly smaller trophy for being \"the only undefeated wrestler in wrestling history.\" WWF billed him as having been undefeated for 15 years, despite having lost several matches via countout and disqualification. Hogan came out to congratulate Andr\u00e9 but spoke mostly of himself, causing Andr\u00e9 to walk out in the midst of Hogan's speech. A meeting between Andr\u00e9 and Hogan was scheduled to take place the next week on \"Piper's Pit\" (February 7, 1987). When Andr\u00e9 came out he was led by Bobby Heenan. Heenan accused Hogan of being Andr\u00e9's friend only so he would not have to defend the WWF World Heavyweight Championship against him. Hogan disputed this, but Andr\u00e9 challenged Hogan to a match for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania III.", "In the main event match, The Ultimate Warrior won the WWF World Heavyweight Championship from Hulk Hogan. The following year, the event returned to the United States for WrestleMania VII, which was originally scheduled to be held at the outdoors Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. The event was moved to the adjacent indoors Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena after poor tickets sales, sold on television as being for security reasons related to the Gulf War and Sgt. Slaughter's storyline defection to Iraq. The event saw Hulk Hogan face defending champion Sgt. Slaughter for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship, while The Undertaker made his WrestleMania debut defeating Jimmy Snuka. Following this, The Undertaker was undefeated in 21 of his WrestleMania matches, until he lost to Brock Lesnar at WrestleMania XXX. The next edition, WrestleMania VIII, was held in the Hoosier Dome with Macho Man Randy Savage defeating Ric Flair for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship and Hulk Hogan defeating Sid Justice via disqualification. WrestleMania IX was the first WrestleMania held at an outdoor venue. It was also the first and only time in WrestleMania history that the WWF World Heavyweight Championship switched twice. Yokozuna defeated Bret Hart to become the WWF World Heavyweight Champion, only to lose it to Hulk Hogan. The tenth edition of the event, WrestleMania X saw its return to Madison Square Garden. The event featured Owen Hart defeating his elder brother Bret; a ladder match for the WWF Intercontinental Championship also headlined, in which Razor Ramon defeated Shawn Michaels. Bret having been defeated earlier won the WWF World Heavyweight Championship from Yokozuna in the main event. Bret is the first wrestler in WrestleMania history to lose his first match and come back to win the WWF World Heavyweight Championship in the main event. After failing to capture the title from Diesel at WrestleMania XI, Michaels defeated Bret Hart to win the WWF World Heavyweight Championship in a 60-minute Iron Man match at WrestleMania XII. The match was widely praised."], "answer": {"text": "who was furious that Slaughter had (kayfabe) desecrated the American flag (off-screen) as part of his victory", "answer_start": 946}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why is Sgt. Slaughter known as the Iraqi sympathizer?", "answer": {"text": "A decision was made to have Slaughter support the Iraqi cause, not for the actual political reasons, but more for the fact that Slaughter liked \"brutality", "answer_start": 579, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he wrestle with force?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever serve in Iraq?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else interesting?", "answer": {"text": "As 1990 ended, Slaughter began challenging for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship that had been held by The Ultimate Warrior since WrestleMania VI.", "answer_start": 382, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he ever win that Championship?", "answer": {"text": "Slaughter thus became the thirteenth WWF World Heavyweight Champion and was immediately challenged by Royal Rumble winner Hulk Hogan,", "answer_start": 812, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1573866a99f4b9393fe2b9f9f4ac94b_1_q#6", "question": "Did Slaughter accept his challenge?", "rewrite": "Did Slaughter accept Hulk Hogan's challenge?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Three Faces of Fear The Three Faces of Fear was a professional wrestling stable in World Championship Wrestling, from late 1994 to early 1995. Composed of Kevin Sullivan, The Butcher and Avalanche, the group fought against Hulk Hogan. When Hulk Hogan signed with WCW in June 1994, he soon got a huge fan in Dave Sullivan, something which did not sit well with Dave's kayfabe brother Kevin Sullivan, who quickly developed an intense hatred of Hulk Hogan and everything associated with him. Kevin turned on his brother after a tag-team match and beat him up. At Clash Of The Champions XXVIII Hulk Hogan was scheduled to defend his newly-won WCW World Heavyweight Championship against Ric Flair. At the top of the show, Hogan was attacked by a man wearing a black mask and bodysuit, who struck him in the knee with a metal pipe (The angle imitated the very well known assault on Olympic Figure Skater Nancy Kerrigan that had happened about six months earlier.) Taken to the hospital, Hogan returned just in time for the main event but hampered by the injury he lost by count out. The man under the mask was originally Arn Anderson but he was never supposed to be revealed as the attacker, who was originally supposed to be Curt Hennig. From August through October 1994 Hulk Hogan tried on several occasions to find out who the mystery assailant was but to no avail. At Halloween Havoc, the mysterious attacker appeared again and was now demasked and revealed as Hulk Hogan's long time friend Brutus Beefcake. Beefcake, who took on the name of \"The Butcher\", revealed that it was Kevin Sullivan's influence that made him turn on his former friend. Shortly afterward, the Butcher and Sullivan were joined by another former WWF wrestler, the former Earthquake, now renamed \"Avalanche\", and formed The Three Faces of Fear with the goal of destroying Hulkamania.", "It was reported that while Slaughter was portraying a turncoat, he had received numerous death threats and could not go anywhere in public without wearing a bullet-proof vest and had to be surrounded with security personnel at all times. According to Slaughter, Vince asked him to burn the American flag, but Slaughter refused to, so Slaughter suggested he burn Hulk Hogan's shirt. As 1990 ended, Slaughter began challenging for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship that had been held by The Ultimate Warrior since WrestleMania VI. Slaughter got his chance at the Royal Rumble in January 1991, days after the Gulf War air campaign had begun. He defeated the Warrior when \"Macho King\" Randy Savage, who had also been feuding with the Warrior at the time, struck the champion in the head with his royal scepter. Slaughter thus became the thirteenth WWF World Heavyweight Champion and was immediately challenged by Royal Rumble winner Hulk Hogan, who was furious that Slaughter had (kayfabe) desecrated the American flag (off-screen) as part of his victory celebration. Hogan demanded a match against Slaughter at WrestleMania VII in Los Angeles, California, and Slaughter accepted. Slaughter was defeated by Hogan, thus losing his championship. After WrestleMania Slaughter introduced his newest ally, Colonel Mustafa (The Iron Sheik, Slaughter's old nemesis). Slaughter and company went on to feud with Hogan for months, including having a three-on-two handicap match at SummerSlam 1991, which saw the team of Hulk Hogan and the Ultimate Warrior prevail over Slaughter, Adnan, and Mustafa.", "The Mega-Maniacs The Mega-Maniacs was the World Wrestling Federation tag team of Hulk Hogan & Brutus \"The Barber\" Beefcake that had two distinct runs as a team, one in 1989 and another one in 1993. Hulk Hogan and Brutus Beefcake began their careers more or less at the same time, quickly becoming lifelong friends and would team up from time to time. Their most well known \"Pre-WWF\" teams were as \"Terry & Ed Boulder\" and as \"Hulk & Dizzy Hogan\", billed as brothers. During the summer of 1989, Tiny Lister began appearing at WWF arena shows, playing his character, \"The Human Wrecking Machine\" Zeus, from the WWF-financed film \"No Holds Barred\"; Zeus began targeting Hogan, the movie's top-billed star. Zeus teamed up with \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage in hopes of destroying Hulk Hogan. Faced with overwhelming odds, Hulk Hogan turned to his best friend Brutus Beefcake, who was already feuding with Savage at the time, to even the odds. At SummerSlam 1989, Hulk Hogan and Brutus Beefcake teamed up to take on Randy Savage and Zeus in the main event, a clash that saw Hulk Hogan pin Zeus after his trademark Leg drop. Hogan and Beefcake would once again team up after being attacked in the locker rooms during the closing moments of the 1989 Survivor Series by Savage and Zeus. It was decided that the feud had to be settled in a steel cage match, which was featured on a \"Mini-PPV\" as a double feature with the movie \"No Holds Barred.\" (The match was taped December 13, 1989, and aired two weeks later on pay-per-view.) Hulk Hogan and Brutus Beefcake were successful in the cage, after which Zeus was not seen in the WWF.", "In the main event match, The Ultimate Warrior won the WWF World Heavyweight Championship from Hulk Hogan. The following year, the event returned to the United States for WrestleMania VII, which was originally scheduled to be held at the outdoors Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. The event was moved to the adjacent indoors Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena after poor tickets sales, sold on television as being for security reasons related to the Gulf War and Sgt. Slaughter's storyline defection to Iraq. The event saw Hulk Hogan face defending champion Sgt. Slaughter for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship, while The Undertaker made his WrestleMania debut defeating Jimmy Snuka. Following this, The Undertaker was undefeated in 21 of his WrestleMania matches, until he lost to Brock Lesnar at WrestleMania XXX. The next edition, WrestleMania VIII, was held in the Hoosier Dome with Macho Man Randy Savage defeating Ric Flair for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship and Hulk Hogan defeating Sid Justice via disqualification. WrestleMania IX was the first WrestleMania held at an outdoor venue. It was also the first and only time in WrestleMania history that the WWF World Heavyweight Championship switched twice. Yokozuna defeated Bret Hart to become the WWF World Heavyweight Champion, only to lose it to Hulk Hogan. The tenth edition of the event, WrestleMania X saw its return to Madison Square Garden. The event featured Owen Hart defeating his elder brother Bret; a ladder match for the WWF Intercontinental Championship also headlined, in which Razor Ramon defeated Shawn Michaels. Bret having been defeated earlier won the WWF World Heavyweight Championship from Yokozuna in the main event. Bret is the first wrestler in WrestleMania history to lose his first match and come back to win the WWF World Heavyweight Championship in the main event. After failing to capture the title from Diesel at WrestleMania XI, Michaels defeated Bret Hart to win the WWF World Heavyweight Championship in a 60-minute Iron Man match at WrestleMania XII. The match was widely praised.", "Additionally, the characters of Jimmy \"Superfly\" Snuka and Wendi Richter remained throughout the series' run, despite both having left the WWF in late 1985. WWE currently own the rights to the program. In April 2015, WWE announced that the program would be added to the WWE Network, making its premiere following the April 20 episode of \"WWE Raw\". On July 24, 2015, Hulk Hogan was fired by the WWE and references to Hulk Hogan including \"Hulk Hogan's Rock 'n' Wrestling\" were removed from the WWE network. Hulk Hogan was the leader of the faces, or good guys; consisting of Junkyard Dog, Captain Lou Albano, Andr\u00e9 the Giant, Wendi Richter, Jimmy \"Superfly\" Snuka, Hillbilly Jim, and Tito Santana. Rowdy Roddy Piper was the leader of the heels, or bad guys; consisting of The Iron Sheik, Nikolai Volkoff, The Fabulous Moolah, Big John Studd, and Mr. Fuji. Bobby \"The Brain\" Heenan and \"Mean\" Gene Okerlund appeared animated in a few episodes as well. The opening theme to \"Hulk Hogan's Rock 'n' Wrestling\" is \"Hulk Hogan's Theme\", composed by Jim Steinman. It was also used as Hogan's ring entrance theme, before being replaced with \"Real American\" by Rick Derringer. Steinman later reworked \"Hulk Hogan's Theme\" into \"Ravishing\", performed by Bonnie Tyler and featured on her 1986 album \"Secret Dreams and Forbidden Fire\". \"Hulk Hogan's Rock 'n' Wrestling\" aired for 2 seasons beginning in 1985. Each episode was 30 minutes in length (including commercial breaks.) Some episodes contained one 30 minute title while other episodes contained two 15 minute titles. Over the two seasons, there were a total of 26 episodes with 39 titles."], "answer": {"text": "Slaughter accepted.", "answer_start": 1162}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why is Sgt. Slaughter known as the Iraqi sympathizer?", "answer": {"text": "A decision was made to have Slaughter support the Iraqi cause, not for the actual political reasons, but more for the fact that Slaughter liked \"brutality", "answer_start": 579, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he wrestle with force?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever serve in Iraq?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else interesting?", "answer": {"text": "As 1990 ended, Slaughter began challenging for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship that had been held by The Ultimate Warrior since WrestleMania VI.", "answer_start": 382, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he ever win that Championship?", "answer": {"text": "Slaughter thus became the thirteenth WWF World Heavyweight Champion and was immediately challenged by Royal Rumble winner Hulk Hogan,", "answer_start": 812, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did Hulk Hogan challenge him after he won?", "answer": {"text": "who was furious that Slaughter had (kayfabe) desecrated the American flag (off-screen) as part of his victory", "answer_start": 946, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1573866a99f4b9393fe2b9f9f4ac94b_1_q#7", "question": "Who won that battle?", "rewrite": "Who won the battle between Hulk Hogan and Hulk Hogan?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Three Faces of Fear The Three Faces of Fear was a professional wrestling stable in World Championship Wrestling, from late 1994 to early 1995. Composed of Kevin Sullivan, The Butcher and Avalanche, the group fought against Hulk Hogan. When Hulk Hogan signed with WCW in June 1994, he soon got a huge fan in Dave Sullivan, something which did not sit well with Dave's kayfabe brother Kevin Sullivan, who quickly developed an intense hatred of Hulk Hogan and everything associated with him. Kevin turned on his brother after a tag-team match and beat him up. At Clash Of The Champions XXVIII Hulk Hogan was scheduled to defend his newly-won WCW World Heavyweight Championship against Ric Flair. At the top of the show, Hogan was attacked by a man wearing a black mask and bodysuit, who struck him in the knee with a metal pipe (The angle imitated the very well known assault on Olympic Figure Skater Nancy Kerrigan that had happened about six months earlier.) Taken to the hospital, Hogan returned just in time for the main event but hampered by the injury he lost by count out. The man under the mask was originally Arn Anderson but he was never supposed to be revealed as the attacker, who was originally supposed to be Curt Hennig. From August through October 1994 Hulk Hogan tried on several occasions to find out who the mystery assailant was but to no avail. At Halloween Havoc, the mysterious attacker appeared again and was now demasked and revealed as Hulk Hogan's long time friend Brutus Beefcake. Beefcake, who took on the name of \"The Butcher\", revealed that it was Kevin Sullivan's influence that made him turn on his former friend. Shortly afterward, the Butcher and Sullivan were joined by another former WWF wrestler, the former Earthquake, now renamed \"Avalanche\", and formed The Three Faces of Fear with the goal of destroying Hulkamania.", "Linda Hogan (TV personality) Linda Marie Claridge (born August 24, 1959), also known as Linda Hogan, is an American television personality, who is the ex-wife of professional wrestler Hulk Hogan. She is best known for her role on the American reality television show \"Hogan Knows Best\". Claridge was raised Catholic and is of Italian, German, English, and Swedish descent. In 1977, she graduated from Chatsworth High School in California. She was a winning contestant on \"Match Game\" during the late 1970s. Claridge met Terry Bollea a.k.a. Hulk Hogan in a restaurant in Los Angeles. For nearly two years, the couple had a long-distance relationship mostly over the telephone. They married in 1983 in a wedding attended by Andr\u00e9 the Giant, Vince McMahon, and other wrestling personalities. They have two children, Brooke (1988) and Nick (1990). In 1995, Claridge appeared on Hulk Hogan's album \"Hulk Rules\", where she sang back-up vocals along with The Wrestling Boot Band. Claridge entered the spotlight in 2005 as \"Linda Hogan\", due to the VH1 reality show \"Hogan Knows Best\". A 2005 documentary DVD on street racers, called \"Vehicular Lunatics\", includes a segment with Claridge. She filed for divorce from Hulk Hogan on November 20, 2007. The divorce was finalized on July 28, 2009. Claridge wrote a book, \"Wrestling the Hulk: My Life Against the Ropes\", which was published in 2011. Claridge received media attention for her relationship with a much younger man, Charley Hill. Hill proposed to her on an episode of the VH1 reality television show \"Couple's Therapy\" in 2012. They began dating in 2008, when Claridge was 48 and Hill was 19.", "The Mega-Maniacs The Mega-Maniacs was the World Wrestling Federation tag team of Hulk Hogan & Brutus \"The Barber\" Beefcake that had two distinct runs as a team, one in 1989 and another one in 1993. Hulk Hogan and Brutus Beefcake began their careers more or less at the same time, quickly becoming lifelong friends and would team up from time to time. Their most well known \"Pre-WWF\" teams were as \"Terry & Ed Boulder\" and as \"Hulk & Dizzy Hogan\", billed as brothers. During the summer of 1989, Tiny Lister began appearing at WWF arena shows, playing his character, \"The Human Wrecking Machine\" Zeus, from the WWF-financed film \"No Holds Barred\"; Zeus began targeting Hogan, the movie's top-billed star. Zeus teamed up with \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage in hopes of destroying Hulk Hogan. Faced with overwhelming odds, Hulk Hogan turned to his best friend Brutus Beefcake, who was already feuding with Savage at the time, to even the odds. At SummerSlam 1989, Hulk Hogan and Brutus Beefcake teamed up to take on Randy Savage and Zeus in the main event, a clash that saw Hulk Hogan pin Zeus after his trademark Leg drop. Hogan and Beefcake would once again team up after being attacked in the locker rooms during the closing moments of the 1989 Survivor Series by Savage and Zeus. It was decided that the feud had to be settled in a steel cage match, which was featured on a \"Mini-PPV\" as a double feature with the movie \"No Holds Barred.\" (The match was taped December 13, 1989, and aired two weeks later on pay-per-view.) Hulk Hogan and Brutus Beefcake were successful in the cage, after which Zeus was not seen in the WWF.", "Andr\u00e9 the Giant\u2013Hulk Hogan rivalry The Andr\u00e9 the Giant\u2013 Hulk Hogan rivalry was a professional wrestling rivalry between wrestlers Andr\u00e9 the Giant and Hulk Hogan that took place in World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). The rivalry is considered by many to be one of the most important in professional wrestling history. 1980; in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), Andr\u00e9 as a face faced a heel Hulk Hogan 16 times throughout the year with Andr\u00e9 victorious in all the matches. At Shea Stadium during Showdown at Shea, as well as a month later in Hamburg, Pennsylvania, Hogan slammed Andr\u00e9. Throughout 1982 and 1983 while both were working in New Japan Pro-Wrestling the two had several additional matches, however during these matches Andr\u00e9 was the heel and Hogan was the face. On an edition of \"Piper's Pit\" in 1987, Hogan was presented a trophy for being the WWF World Heavyweight Champion for three years; Andr\u00e9 came out to congratulate him. On the following week's \"Piper's Pit\", Andr\u00e9 was presented a slightly smaller trophy for being \"the only undefeated wrestler in wrestling history.\" WWF billed him as having been undefeated for 15 years, despite having lost several matches via countout and disqualification. Hogan came out to congratulate Andr\u00e9 but spoke mostly of himself, causing Andr\u00e9 to walk out in the midst of Hogan's speech. A meeting between Andr\u00e9 and Hogan was scheduled to take place the next week on \"Piper's Pit\" (February 7, 1987). When Andr\u00e9 came out he was led by Bobby Heenan. Heenan accused Hogan of being Andr\u00e9's friend only so he would not have to defend the WWF World Heavyweight Championship against him. Hogan disputed this, but Andr\u00e9 challenged Hogan to a match for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania III.", "Additionally, the characters of Jimmy \"Superfly\" Snuka and Wendi Richter remained throughout the series' run, despite both having left the WWF in late 1985. WWE currently own the rights to the program. In April 2015, WWE announced that the program would be added to the WWE Network, making its premiere following the April 20 episode of \"WWE Raw\". On July 24, 2015, Hulk Hogan was fired by the WWE and references to Hulk Hogan including \"Hulk Hogan's Rock 'n' Wrestling\" were removed from the WWE network. Hulk Hogan was the leader of the faces, or good guys; consisting of Junkyard Dog, Captain Lou Albano, Andr\u00e9 the Giant, Wendi Richter, Jimmy \"Superfly\" Snuka, Hillbilly Jim, and Tito Santana. Rowdy Roddy Piper was the leader of the heels, or bad guys; consisting of The Iron Sheik, Nikolai Volkoff, The Fabulous Moolah, Big John Studd, and Mr. Fuji. Bobby \"The Brain\" Heenan and \"Mean\" Gene Okerlund appeared animated in a few episodes as well. The opening theme to \"Hulk Hogan's Rock 'n' Wrestling\" is \"Hulk Hogan's Theme\", composed by Jim Steinman. It was also used as Hogan's ring entrance theme, before being replaced with \"Real American\" by Rick Derringer. Steinman later reworked \"Hulk Hogan's Theme\" into \"Ravishing\", performed by Bonnie Tyler and featured on her 1986 album \"Secret Dreams and Forbidden Fire\". \"Hulk Hogan's Rock 'n' Wrestling\" aired for 2 seasons beginning in 1985. Each episode was 30 minutes in length (including commercial breaks.) Some episodes contained one 30 minute title while other episodes contained two 15 minute titles. Over the two seasons, there were a total of 26 episodes with 39 titles."], "answer": {"text": "Slaughter accepted. Slaughter was defeated by Hogan, thus losing his championship.", "answer_start": 1162}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why is Sgt. Slaughter known as the Iraqi sympathizer?", "answer": {"text": "A decision was made to have Slaughter support the Iraqi cause, not for the actual political reasons, but more for the fact that Slaughter liked \"brutality", "answer_start": 579, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he wrestle with force?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever serve in Iraq?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else interesting?", "answer": {"text": "As 1990 ended, Slaughter began challenging for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship that had been held by The Ultimate Warrior since WrestleMania VI.", "answer_start": 382, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he ever win that Championship?", "answer": {"text": "Slaughter thus became the thirteenth WWF World Heavyweight Champion and was immediately challenged by Royal Rumble winner Hulk Hogan,", "answer_start": 812, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did Hulk Hogan challenge him after he won?", "answer": {"text": "who was furious that Slaughter had (kayfabe) desecrated the American flag (off-screen) as part of his victory", "answer_start": 946, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Slaughter accept his challenge?", "answer": {"text": "Slaughter accepted.", "answer_start": 1162, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1573866a99f4b9393fe2b9f9f4ac94b_0_q#0", "question": "When does Sgt. Slaughter become WWF commissioner on Raw is War?", "rewrite": "When does Sgt. Slaughter become WWF commissioner on Raw is War?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["D -Generation X: In Your House D-Generation X: In Your House (also spelled as Degeneration X: In Your House) was the nineteenth In Your House professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It took place on December 7, 1997, at the Springfield Civic Center in Springfield, Massachusetts. In the main event, Ken Shamrock defeated Shawn Michaels by disqualification in a match for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship; Michaels thus retained his title. Notable matches on the undercard included Stone Cold Steve Austin defeating The Rock to retain the WWF Intercontinental Championship, The New Age Outlaws defeating the Legion of Doom by disqualification to retain the WWF Tag Team Championship, and WWF Commissioner Sgt. Slaughter coming out of retirement to lose a Boot Camp match to Triple H. The main feud heading into D-Generation X: In Your House was between Shawn Michaels and Ken Shamrock over the WWF World Heavyweight Championship. The feud started after Bret Hart left the WWF to join rival company World Championship Wrestling (WCW) after the infamous \"Montreal Screwjob\" at Survivor Series. Shamrock, who returned from an injury, which had been caused by the Nation of Domination in September, was the number one contender for Michaels' WWF World Heavyweight Championship. On the December 1 episode of \"Raw is War\", Michaels taunted Shamrock, saying that he would not be able to break Michaels' ankle (a reference to Shamrock's signature ankle lock). Later on that night, Michaels and his D-Generation X teammates, Chyna and Triple H, humiliated and assaulted Jim \"The Anvil\" Neidhart, until Shamrock and WWF commissioner Sgt. Slaughter saved Neidhart, with Shamrock locking in the Ankle Lock on Michaels and Sgt. Slaughter locking the Cobra Clutch on Triple H. Slaughter then challenged Triple H to a Boot Camp match, which he accepted.", "At Unforgiven, Triple H defeated Angle in a No Disqualification match and Rock retained the WWF Championship against Benoit, The Undertaker and Kane in a Fatal Four-Way match. On the September 28 edition of \"SmackDown\", Angle and Benoit defeated Rock and Triple H in a tag team match. On the October 2 edition of \"Raw is War\", Benoit helped Angle in defeating Triple H to become the number one contender for the WWF title at No Mercy. As a result, Triple H and Benoit began feuding. On the October 9 edition of \"Raw is War\", the WWF Commissioner Mick Foley announced that Triple H would wrestle Benoit at No Mercy. Another predominant storyline heading into the event was over the attacker of Stone Cold Steve Austin as Austin continued his search of his attacker at Survivor Series. On the October 9 episode of \"Raw is War\", Rikishi revealed that he had run down Austin with the car in the parking lot and he did it for The Rock because WWF always held back the Samoans. On the October 12 episode of \"SmackDown\", Commissioner Mick Foley announced that Austin and Rikishi would wrestle in a No Holds Barred match at No Mercy. At Unforgiven, Hardy Boyz (Matt Hardy and Jeff Hardy) defeated Edge and Christian in a Steel Cage match to win the WWF Tag Team Championship. The next night on \"Raw is War\", Hardy Boyz defeated Edge and Christian in a Ladder match to retain the titles and the WWF Commissioner Mick Foley had stipulated before the match that it would be Edge and Christian's last title shot if they lost. On the October 9 episode of \"Raw is War\", Edge and Christian interfered under the disguise of Los Conquistadores in Hardy Boyz' Tag Team Championship defense against Tazz and Raven but failed in preventing Hardy Boyz from winning the match.", "Two weeks later, he faced Mikey Whipwreck, but Jimmy Hart's First Family came out to challenge The Blue Bloods at Road Wild for the Hardcore Trophy, causing Regal to lose the match. Nothing came of this challenge as neither the First Family or the Blue Bloods were featured on the Road Wild card. Similar to his previous run, much of Regal's performances took place in tag team bouts. Regal continued his role as a rule breaking villain and had small feuds with teams such as The Filthy Animals. In late February 2000, Regal lost a career vs. career match against Jim Duggan on \"Saturday Night\" for the World Television Championship, which was done in order to explain Regal's release from the company. Regal was once again hired by the WWF and sent to the developmental territory Memphis Championship Wrestling (MCW) for a short time. He re-debuted in a match with Chris Benoit at the Third Annual Brian Pillman Memorial Show. Regal returned on 18 September 2000 episode of \"Raw\" as a heel, under the name Steven William Regal (later shortened to William Regal). Regal defeated Al Snow to win the WWF European Championship on 16 October episode of \"Raw\". Regal would lose the title to Crash Holly at Rebellion on 2 December, before winning it back two days later on \"Raw\". Regal would enter his first Royal Rumble match at the eponymous pay-per-view on 21 January 2001, but failed to win. The next night on \"Raw\", Regal lost the European Championship to Test. On 8 March episode of \"SmackDown!\", Regal became the new WWF commissioner, after defeating Al Snow. Regal later became the on-screen commissioner and self-proclaimed \"Goodwill Ambassador\" of the WWF and was given a comedy sidekick in Tajiri. During The Invasion storyline, Regal turned face as he remained the WWF Commissioner.", "At the 1998 Royal Rumble, Michaels received a serious back injury in a casket match against The Undertaker. Michaels would still go on to win the match and successfully retain his WWF World Heavyweight Championship. Michaels took a back body drop to the outside of the ring and hit his lower back on the casket, causing him to herniate two discs and crush one completely. This rendered Michaels unable to compete in the main event of the following month's No Way Out of Texas: In Your House as advertised, and forced him into retirement a night after losing the WWF World Heavyweight Championship to Stone Cold Steve Austin at WrestleMania XIV as special guest enforcer Mike Tyson turned on DX and Michaels which allowed Austin to gain the victory. After being away for nearly four months, Michaels would make a surprise return to the WWF as a guest commentator on the July 13 episode of Raw Is War. Michaels would continue to make non-wrestling appearances on WWF programming and on November 23 he replaced Sgt. Slaughter as the WWF Commissioner, a portrayed match maker and rules enforcer, eventually joining Vince McMahon's group of wrestlers called The Corporation as a villain. Throughout late 1998 and early 1999, Michaels made regular television appearances on Raw, in which he scheduled matches, throwing around his authority, and sometimes even deciding the outcome of matches. On the January 4, 1999 episode of Raw Is War, Michaels re-joined DX as a fan favorite, but disappeared from WWF television for a few weeks to have back surgery and by the time he returned DX was on the way of dissolving within the next couple of months. Michaels made occasional appearances as the WWF Commissioner during the spring and summer of 1999, but remained absent from television after August until May 15, 2000, when he returned on Raw Is War to declare himself the special guest referee for The Rock and Triple H's Iron Man match at Judgment Day.", "On the October 8 edition of \"Raw\", Austin defeated Angle to win the title, with the help of the WWF Commissioner William Regal, who turned on Angle and WWF by helping Austin in winning the title. As a result, Regal joined The Alliance. On the October 11 edition of \"SmackDown\", the WWF CEO Linda McMahon fired Regal from his position of WWF Commissioner and replaced him with a new Commissioner. Later that night, Rob Van Dam lost a match to Chris Jericho after interference by Austin. As a result, RVD confronted Austin. The new Commissioner was revealed to be Mick Foley, who appeared at the spot and announced that Austin would defend the WWF Championship against RVD and Kurt Angle in a Triple Threat match at No Mercy. On the October 21 edition of \"Heat\", Foley announced that the Triple Threat match would be contested under no disqualification rules. Another major rivalry heading into No Mercy was between The Rock and Chris Jericho over the WCW Championship. On the October 8 edition of \"Raw\", WCW Owner Shane McMahon announced that he would team with Rob Van Dam against Jericho and Rock in a tag team match. RVD pinned Rock after Jericho accidentally nailed Rock with a chair shot. After the match, Rock confronted Jericho in a backstage segment where Jericho attacked Rock. On the October 11 edition of \"SmackDown\", Jericho defeated Rob Van Dam to become the #1 contender for the WCW Championship at No Mercy. At Unforgiven, Christian defeated Edge to win the WWF Intercontinental Championship. Edge's eye was badly injured in the match. On the September 27 edition of \"SmackDown\", Edge tried to attack Christian during his Intercontinental Championship match against Bradshaw but Christian escaped. On the October 1 edition of \"Raw\", Edge interrupted Christian and X-Pac while they were insulting the fans and insulted both of them."], "answer": {"text": "August 4, 1997 episode of Raw Is War to assume the role of on-air commissioner", "answer_start": 53}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c1573866a99f4b9393fe2b9f9f4ac94b_0_q#1", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than when Sgt. Slaughter assumed the role of commisioner, are there any other interesting aspects about his television career?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Isak Rogde Isak Rogde (3 February 1947 \u2013 3 January 2010) was a Norwegian translator. He was born on the island of Senja and he enrolled in the University of Oslo in 1968, and graduated with the cand.mag. degree in 1972. He worked as a teacher, and also lectured in the Norwegian language at the University of Moscow. He translated about 150 books to Norwegian, especially from Russian. For this he was awarded the Bastian Prize in 1989.", "Sgt. Slaughter (G.I. Joe) Sgt. Slaughter is a fictional character from the \"\" toyline series. G.I. Joe used the persona of the professional wrestler of the same name as a model for their character. Though the original G.I. Joe was based on the real-life Sgt. Alvin York, Sgt. Slaughter was the first G.I. Joe figure accurately based on a real person (Chicago Bears defensive tackle William \"The Refrigerator\" Perry was the second). Sgt. Slaughter was also the most successful toy character, with several versions of his toy action figure being released. Unlike other real-person action figures, Sgt. Slaughter's toy version makes no reference to its real-life inspiration, although the figure does have wrestling moves. The real-life Sgt. Slaughter also did the voice for the animated character, and appeared in person for introductions to the episodes that were originally \"\". He was also the spokesman for the G.I. Joe toys from 1989 to early 1990, introducing the new vehicles and figures. Sgt. Slaughter was born in Parris Island, South Carolina, and during his service in the United States Marine Corps, spent time dressing down trainees in Camp Lejeune. His real name is top secret. According to the G.I. Joe storyline, since just about every member of the G.I. Joe team is qualified to be a drill instructor, it takes a special brand of heavy duty honcho to keep them squared away. He serves as the team's special drill instructor, as mentioned in the animated movie, and also engages in special missions. From 1985-1989, there were new Sgt. Slaughter action figures almost every year.", "Westward's contributions to the network were very rare at first, mainly consisting of one-off programmes and editions of the \"Morning Service\" (later renamed \"Morning Worship\"). Initially, Westward had an arrangement with ABC Weekend Television (ABC) to provide its network programming. As Channel Television took its network feed from Stockland Hill, this obliged Channel to affiliate to ABC. These 'affiliate' arrangements lasted until they were abolished in the 1964 franchise round. Westward also had an arrangement with Associated TeleVision (ATV), to play out any networked Westward programmes onto the ITV network. On 19 January 1972, there was a relaxation on the restrictions of broadcast hours that had been set by the Minister of Posts and Telecommunications. This allowed regular daytime programming on weekday afternoons, and weekday morning programming during out-of-school term time. These extra off-peak hours gave smaller ITV companies a chance to provide some networked or part-networked programmes. By the mid '70s, Westward had taken advantage of this opportunity by finding a small niche producing adult education programmes for the ITV network. These included the series \"Westcountry Fayre\" (cookery), \"Freeze!\" (freezing food) and \"Keep Britain Slim\" (slimming). One of the new daytime weekday programmes introduced through the relaxation of broadcast hours was \"About Britain\". This strand was made up of half-hour documentaries contributed by each of the ITV regions covering interesting aspects of their respective regions. In 1973 the Countryside Commission opened the South West Coast Peninsula Walk from Minehead in Somerset to Swanage in Dorset via Land's End. Westward Television asked \"Diary\" reporter Clive Gunnell to walk the new route and film his journey. Clive was a Londoner. He had begun his television career as a props man at Associated-Rediffusion, where he first met Kenneth MacLeod.", "He is a legend among his fellow Joes and sometimes shares command with Beachhead as fourth in command.. He appeared in the mini-series \"Arise, Serpentor, Arise!,\" and the second-season episodes \"My Brother's Keeper,\" \"Ninja Holiday,\" \"G.I. Joe & The Golden Fleece,\" \"Most Dangerous Thing In The World,\" \"Into Your Tent I Will Silently Creep.\" Sgt. Slaughter plays a vital role in \"\". He is shown as the leader and special drill instructor for The Renegades (consisting of Mercer, Red Dog and Taurus) and Lt. Falcon after he was court martialed. He, The Renegades and Lt. Falcon are some of the last Joes available for the final battle. Slaughter's use of wrestling moves is vital in saving the day when he manages to defeat Nemesis Enforcer in combat. In DiC's \"\" cartoon, Sgt. Slaughter was made third in command of G.I. Joe. He appeared in the episodes: \"Operation Dragonfire\" mini-series, \"Revenge of the Pharaohs,\" \"The No Zone Conspiracy,\" \"Pigskin Commandos,\" \"Cold Shoulder,\" That's Entertainment\", \"I Found You Evy,\" \"An Officer and a Viper Man. \" In the 'Pigskin' episode, Slaughter spends time visiting his adult sister. Sgt. Slaughter's figure is briefly featured in the fiction novel \"6 Sick Hipsters\". In the story, the character Paul Achting spent four years collecting G.I. Joe figures to set up a battle scene between the Joes and Cobra. As he imagined the characters in his head, he described as Sgt.", "In the Marvel Comics \"\" series, his first appearance is in issue #48. The drill sergeant is confronted by suspicious Joe members who are part of the top-level security team. He defeats them in hand-to-hand combat, then gets the explanation that the master of disguise known as Zartan is loose. Sgt. Slaughter leads the Joes that he just defeated in securing the top-level exits. He finds Zartan fighting another Joe, Gung-Ho, having taken his image. Both claim the other is the enemy. Sgt. Slaughter knocks out Zartan with one punch, and attributes his correct choice to luck. In issue #51, he places Thunder in charge of the Joe HQ, and accompanies Cross-Country on the H.A.V.O.C. to pursue Zartan and the Dreadnoks after another escape attempt. After losing track of Zartan and his accompanying Dreadnoks, Sgt. Slaughter takes the H.A.V.O.C.'s hovercraft for recon. He finds them, but is fooled by the disguises the Dreadnoks have worked up. Sgt. Slaughter is not listed on the official listing of personnel in the Battle Files mini-series, which lists all active and reservist members. However, Sgt. Slaughter is listed as an active member of the G.I. Joe team in \"G.I. Joe: America's Elite\" #28. He is later seen working with Joe veteran 'Jane' to evacuate endangered Joe support personnel. In volume 2 of \" G.I. Joe A Real American Hero\", Sgt. Slaughter appears in a flashback as a drill sergeant for incoming Joe trainees, AKA Greenshirts. He works closely with Beach-Head. Sgt. Slaughter was featured in the Sunbow/Marvel \"\" animated series."], "answer": {"text": "In late 1998, Slaughter relinquished the role of commissioner to Shawn Michaels and largely disappeared from television.", "answer_start": 1174}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When does Sgt. Slaughter become WWF commissioner on Raw is War?", "answer": {"text": "August 4, 1997 episode of Raw Is War to assume the role of on-air commissioner", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1573866a99f4b9393fe2b9f9f4ac94b_0_q#2", "question": "When did he come back?", "rewrite": "When did Sgt. Slaughter come back to episodes of Raw is War?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sgt. Slaughter (G.I. Joe) Sgt. Slaughter is a fictional character from the \"\" toyline series. G.I. Joe used the persona of the professional wrestler of the same name as a model for their character. Though the original G.I. Joe was based on the real-life Sgt. Alvin York, Sgt. Slaughter was the first G.I. Joe figure accurately based on a real person (Chicago Bears defensive tackle William \"The Refrigerator\" Perry was the second). Sgt. Slaughter was also the most successful toy character, with several versions of his toy action figure being released. Unlike other real-person action figures, Sgt. Slaughter's toy version makes no reference to its real-life inspiration, although the figure does have wrestling moves. The real-life Sgt. Slaughter also did the voice for the animated character, and appeared in person for introductions to the episodes that were originally \"\". He was also the spokesman for the G.I. Joe toys from 1989 to early 1990, introducing the new vehicles and figures. Sgt. Slaughter was born in Parris Island, South Carolina, and during his service in the United States Marine Corps, spent time dressing down trainees in Camp Lejeune. His real name is top secret. According to the G.I. Joe storyline, since just about every member of the G.I. Joe team is qualified to be a drill instructor, it takes a special brand of heavy duty honcho to keep them squared away. He serves as the team's special drill instructor, as mentioned in the animated movie, and also engages in special missions. From 1985-1989, there were new Sgt. Slaughter action figures almost every year.", "D -Generation X: In Your House D-Generation X: In Your House (also spelled as Degeneration X: In Your House) was the nineteenth In Your House professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It took place on December 7, 1997, at the Springfield Civic Center in Springfield, Massachusetts. In the main event, Ken Shamrock defeated Shawn Michaels by disqualification in a match for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship; Michaels thus retained his title. Notable matches on the undercard included Stone Cold Steve Austin defeating The Rock to retain the WWF Intercontinental Championship, The New Age Outlaws defeating the Legion of Doom by disqualification to retain the WWF Tag Team Championship, and WWF Commissioner Sgt. Slaughter coming out of retirement to lose a Boot Camp match to Triple H. The main feud heading into D-Generation X: In Your House was between Shawn Michaels and Ken Shamrock over the WWF World Heavyweight Championship. The feud started after Bret Hart left the WWF to join rival company World Championship Wrestling (WCW) after the infamous \"Montreal Screwjob\" at Survivor Series. Shamrock, who returned from an injury, which had been caused by the Nation of Domination in September, was the number one contender for Michaels' WWF World Heavyweight Championship. On the December 1 episode of \"Raw is War\", Michaels taunted Shamrock, saying that he would not be able to break Michaels' ankle (a reference to Shamrock's signature ankle lock). Later on that night, Michaels and his D-Generation X teammates, Chyna and Triple H, humiliated and assaulted Jim \"The Anvil\" Neidhart, until Shamrock and WWF commissioner Sgt. Slaughter saved Neidhart, with Shamrock locking in the Ankle Lock on Michaels and Sgt. Slaughter locking the Cobra Clutch on Triple H. Slaughter then challenged Triple H to a Boot Camp match, which he accepted.", "After a hiatus, he returned to WWF television on the August 4, 1997 episode of Raw Is War to assume the role of on-air commissioner by (kayfabe) President Gorilla Monsoon who in reality retired from being on camera due to health issues. Initially popular, he eventually became the target of D-Generation X, who called him \"Sgt. Slobber\". On an episode of Raw Is War, he put Shawn Michaels and Triple H in a match for Michaels' European Championship. Michaels dropped the belt to Helmsley, by lying down in the ring. Slaughter challenged Triple H to a Boot Camp match at the December pay-per-view, which he lost. His feud with Triple H continued into WrestleMania XIV where he handcuffed himself to Chyna to prevent her from interfering with Helmsley's match against Owen Hart. But Slaughter's efforts ultimately proved futile, as Chyna threw powder into his eyes, interfered with the match anyway, and hurled Slaughter into the front row. In 1998, Slaughter turned heel, joined Vince McMahon along with Gerald Brisco and Pat Patterson, and became the on-screen lackeys of McMahon; running errands for him and dishing out punishment to McMahon's rivals, namely Steve Austin. In late 1998, Slaughter relinquished the role of commissioner to Shawn Michaels and largely disappeared from television. Slaughter still appeared from time to time in the ring, mostly at house shows. He appeared on Raw to put over younger wrestlers, such as Kurt Angle and Randy Orton. Slaughter also made an appearance at WrestleMania X-Seven, in the gimmick Battle Royal, which was won by The Iron Sheik. Slaughter got his revenge after the match by locking the Sheik in the cobra clutch. He also appeared on both Raw and SmackDown on occasion during the Invasion storyline in non-wrestling roles, usually in conjunction with Vince McMahon.", "In the Marvel Comics \"\" series, his first appearance is in issue #48. The drill sergeant is confronted by suspicious Joe members who are part of the top-level security team. He defeats them in hand-to-hand combat, then gets the explanation that the master of disguise known as Zartan is loose. Sgt. Slaughter leads the Joes that he just defeated in securing the top-level exits. He finds Zartan fighting another Joe, Gung-Ho, having taken his image. Both claim the other is the enemy. Sgt. Slaughter knocks out Zartan with one punch, and attributes his correct choice to luck. In issue #51, he places Thunder in charge of the Joe HQ, and accompanies Cross-Country on the H.A.V.O.C. to pursue Zartan and the Dreadnoks after another escape attempt. After losing track of Zartan and his accompanying Dreadnoks, Sgt. Slaughter takes the H.A.V.O.C.'s hovercraft for recon. He finds them, but is fooled by the disguises the Dreadnoks have worked up. Sgt. Slaughter is not listed on the official listing of personnel in the Battle Files mini-series, which lists all active and reservist members. However, Sgt. Slaughter is listed as an active member of the G.I. Joe team in \"G.I. Joe: America's Elite\" #28. He is later seen working with Joe veteran 'Jane' to evacuate endangered Joe support personnel. In volume 2 of \" G.I. Joe A Real American Hero\", Sgt. Slaughter appears in a flashback as a drill sergeant for incoming Joe trainees, AKA Greenshirts. He works closely with Beach-Head. Sgt. Slaughter was featured in the Sunbow/Marvel \"\" animated series.", "He is a legend among his fellow Joes and sometimes shares command with Beachhead as fourth in command.. He appeared in the mini-series \"Arise, Serpentor, Arise!,\" and the second-season episodes \"My Brother's Keeper,\" \"Ninja Holiday,\" \"G.I. Joe & The Golden Fleece,\" \"Most Dangerous Thing In The World,\" \"Into Your Tent I Will Silently Creep.\" Sgt. Slaughter plays a vital role in \"\". He is shown as the leader and special drill instructor for The Renegades (consisting of Mercer, Red Dog and Taurus) and Lt. Falcon after he was court martialed. He, The Renegades and Lt. Falcon are some of the last Joes available for the final battle. Slaughter's use of wrestling moves is vital in saving the day when he manages to defeat Nemesis Enforcer in combat. In DiC's \"\" cartoon, Sgt. Slaughter was made third in command of G.I. Joe. He appeared in the episodes: \"Operation Dragonfire\" mini-series, \"Revenge of the Pharaohs,\" \"The No Zone Conspiracy,\" \"Pigskin Commandos,\" \"Cold Shoulder,\" That's Entertainment\", \"I Found You Evy,\" \"An Officer and a Viper Man. \" In the 'Pigskin' episode, Slaughter spends time visiting his adult sister. Sgt. Slaughter's figure is briefly featured in the fiction novel \"6 Sick Hipsters\". In the story, the character Paul Achting spent four years collecting G.I. Joe figures to set up a battle scene between the Joes and Cobra. As he imagined the characters in his head, he described as Sgt."], "answer": {"text": "August 4, 1997", "answer_start": 53}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When does Sgt. Slaughter become WWF commissioner on Raw is War?", "answer": {"text": "August 4, 1997 episode of Raw Is War to assume the role of on-air commissioner", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1998, Slaughter relinquished the role of commissioner to Shawn Michaels and largely disappeared from television.", "answer_start": 1174, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1573866a99f4b9393fe2b9f9f4ac94b_0_q#3", "question": "Did he do anything else during this time?", "rewrite": "Other than his duties as commisioner, did Sgt. Slaughter make other appearances during the time when he was on Raw is War?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Sgt. Slaughter (G.I. Joe) Sgt. Slaughter is a fictional character from the \"\" toyline series. G.I. Joe used the persona of the professional wrestler of the same name as a model for their character. Though the original G.I. Joe was based on the real-life Sgt. Alvin York, Sgt. Slaughter was the first G.I. Joe figure accurately based on a real person (Chicago Bears defensive tackle William \"The Refrigerator\" Perry was the second). Sgt. Slaughter was also the most successful toy character, with several versions of his toy action figure being released. Unlike other real-person action figures, Sgt. Slaughter's toy version makes no reference to its real-life inspiration, although the figure does have wrestling moves. The real-life Sgt. Slaughter also did the voice for the animated character, and appeared in person for introductions to the episodes that were originally \"\". He was also the spokesman for the G.I. Joe toys from 1989 to early 1990, introducing the new vehicles and figures. Sgt. Slaughter was born in Parris Island, South Carolina, and during his service in the United States Marine Corps, spent time dressing down trainees in Camp Lejeune. His real name is top secret. According to the G.I. Joe storyline, since just about every member of the G.I. Joe team is qualified to be a drill instructor, it takes a special brand of heavy duty honcho to keep them squared away. He serves as the team's special drill instructor, as mentioned in the animated movie, and also engages in special missions. From 1985-1989, there were new Sgt. Slaughter action figures almost every year.", "He is a legend among his fellow Joes and sometimes shares command with Beachhead as fourth in command.. He appeared in the mini-series \"Arise, Serpentor, Arise!,\" and the second-season episodes \"My Brother's Keeper,\" \"Ninja Holiday,\" \"G.I. Joe & The Golden Fleece,\" \"Most Dangerous Thing In The World,\" \"Into Your Tent I Will Silently Creep.\" Sgt. Slaughter plays a vital role in \"\". He is shown as the leader and special drill instructor for The Renegades (consisting of Mercer, Red Dog and Taurus) and Lt. Falcon after he was court martialed. He, The Renegades and Lt. Falcon are some of the last Joes available for the final battle. Slaughter's use of wrestling moves is vital in saving the day when he manages to defeat Nemesis Enforcer in combat. In DiC's \"\" cartoon, Sgt. Slaughter was made third in command of G.I. Joe. He appeared in the episodes: \"Operation Dragonfire\" mini-series, \"Revenge of the Pharaohs,\" \"The No Zone Conspiracy,\" \"Pigskin Commandos,\" \"Cold Shoulder,\" That's Entertainment\", \"I Found You Evy,\" \"An Officer and a Viper Man. \" In the 'Pigskin' episode, Slaughter spends time visiting his adult sister. Sgt. Slaughter's figure is briefly featured in the fiction novel \"6 Sick Hipsters\". In the story, the character Paul Achting spent four years collecting G.I. Joe figures to set up a battle scene between the Joes and Cobra. As he imagined the characters in his head, he described as Sgt.", "After a hiatus, he returned to WWF television on the August 4, 1997 episode of Raw Is War to assume the role of on-air commissioner by (kayfabe) President Gorilla Monsoon who in reality retired from being on camera due to health issues. Initially popular, he eventually became the target of D-Generation X, who called him \"Sgt. Slobber\". On an episode of Raw Is War, he put Shawn Michaels and Triple H in a match for Michaels' European Championship. Michaels dropped the belt to Helmsley, by lying down in the ring. Slaughter challenged Triple H to a Boot Camp match at the December pay-per-view, which he lost. His feud with Triple H continued into WrestleMania XIV where he handcuffed himself to Chyna to prevent her from interfering with Helmsley's match against Owen Hart. But Slaughter's efforts ultimately proved futile, as Chyna threw powder into his eyes, interfered with the match anyway, and hurled Slaughter into the front row. In 1998, Slaughter turned heel, joined Vince McMahon along with Gerald Brisco and Pat Patterson, and became the on-screen lackeys of McMahon; running errands for him and dishing out punishment to McMahon's rivals, namely Steve Austin. In late 1998, Slaughter relinquished the role of commissioner to Shawn Michaels and largely disappeared from television. Slaughter still appeared from time to time in the ring, mostly at house shows. He appeared on Raw to put over younger wrestlers, such as Kurt Angle and Randy Orton. Slaughter also made an appearance at WrestleMania X-Seven, in the gimmick Battle Royal, which was won by The Iron Sheik. Slaughter got his revenge after the match by locking the Sheik in the cobra clutch. He also appeared on both Raw and SmackDown on occasion during the Invasion storyline in non-wrestling roles, usually in conjunction with Vince McMahon.", "D -Generation X: In Your House D-Generation X: In Your House (also spelled as Degeneration X: In Your House) was the nineteenth In Your House professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It took place on December 7, 1997, at the Springfield Civic Center in Springfield, Massachusetts. In the main event, Ken Shamrock defeated Shawn Michaels by disqualification in a match for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship; Michaels thus retained his title. Notable matches on the undercard included Stone Cold Steve Austin defeating The Rock to retain the WWF Intercontinental Championship, The New Age Outlaws defeating the Legion of Doom by disqualification to retain the WWF Tag Team Championship, and WWF Commissioner Sgt. Slaughter coming out of retirement to lose a Boot Camp match to Triple H. The main feud heading into D-Generation X: In Your House was between Shawn Michaels and Ken Shamrock over the WWF World Heavyweight Championship. The feud started after Bret Hart left the WWF to join rival company World Championship Wrestling (WCW) after the infamous \"Montreal Screwjob\" at Survivor Series. Shamrock, who returned from an injury, which had been caused by the Nation of Domination in September, was the number one contender for Michaels' WWF World Heavyweight Championship. On the December 1 episode of \"Raw is War\", Michaels taunted Shamrock, saying that he would not be able to break Michaels' ankle (a reference to Shamrock's signature ankle lock). Later on that night, Michaels and his D-Generation X teammates, Chyna and Triple H, humiliated and assaulted Jim \"The Anvil\" Neidhart, until Shamrock and WWF commissioner Sgt. Slaughter saved Neidhart, with Shamrock locking in the Ankle Lock on Michaels and Sgt. Slaughter locking the Cobra Clutch on Triple H. Slaughter then challenged Triple H to a Boot Camp match, which he accepted.", "In the Marvel Comics \"\" series, his first appearance is in issue #48. The drill sergeant is confronted by suspicious Joe members who are part of the top-level security team. He defeats them in hand-to-hand combat, then gets the explanation that the master of disguise known as Zartan is loose. Sgt. Slaughter leads the Joes that he just defeated in securing the top-level exits. He finds Zartan fighting another Joe, Gung-Ho, having taken his image. Both claim the other is the enemy. Sgt. Slaughter knocks out Zartan with one punch, and attributes his correct choice to luck. In issue #51, he places Thunder in charge of the Joe HQ, and accompanies Cross-Country on the H.A.V.O.C. to pursue Zartan and the Dreadnoks after another escape attempt. After losing track of Zartan and his accompanying Dreadnoks, Sgt. Slaughter takes the H.A.V.O.C.'s hovercraft for recon. He finds them, but is fooled by the disguises the Dreadnoks have worked up. Sgt. Slaughter is not listed on the official listing of personnel in the Battle Files mini-series, which lists all active and reservist members. However, Sgt. Slaughter is listed as an active member of the G.I. Joe team in \"G.I. Joe: America's Elite\" #28. He is later seen working with Joe veteran 'Jane' to evacuate endangered Joe support personnel. In volume 2 of \" G.I. Joe A Real American Hero\", Sgt. Slaughter appears in a flashback as a drill sergeant for incoming Joe trainees, AKA Greenshirts. He works closely with Beach-Head. Sgt. Slaughter was featured in the Sunbow/Marvel \"\" animated series."], "answer": {"text": "Slaughter also made an appearance at WrestleMania X-Seven, in the gimmick Battle Royal,", "answer_start": 1460}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When does Sgt. Slaughter become WWF commissioner on Raw is War?", "answer": {"text": "August 4, 1997 episode of Raw Is War to assume the role of on-air commissioner", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1998, Slaughter relinquished the role of commissioner to Shawn Michaels and largely disappeared from television.", "answer_start": 1174, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he come back?", "answer": {"text": "August 4, 1997", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1573866a99f4b9393fe2b9f9f4ac94b_0_q#4", "question": "What happened after that fight?", "rewrite": "What happened between Sgt. Slaughter and the Sheik after their match?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sgt. Slaughter (G.I. Joe) Sgt. Slaughter is a fictional character from the \"\" toyline series. G.I. Joe used the persona of the professional wrestler of the same name as a model for their character. Though the original G.I. Joe was based on the real-life Sgt. Alvin York, Sgt. Slaughter was the first G.I. Joe figure accurately based on a real person (Chicago Bears defensive tackle William \"The Refrigerator\" Perry was the second). Sgt. Slaughter was also the most successful toy character, with several versions of his toy action figure being released. Unlike other real-person action figures, Sgt. Slaughter's toy version makes no reference to its real-life inspiration, although the figure does have wrestling moves. The real-life Sgt. Slaughter also did the voice for the animated character, and appeared in person for introductions to the episodes that were originally \"\". He was also the spokesman for the G.I. Joe toys from 1989 to early 1990, introducing the new vehicles and figures. Sgt. Slaughter was born in Parris Island, South Carolina, and during his service in the United States Marine Corps, spent time dressing down trainees in Camp Lejeune. His real name is top secret. According to the G.I. Joe storyline, since just about every member of the G.I. Joe team is qualified to be a drill instructor, it takes a special brand of heavy duty honcho to keep them squared away. He serves as the team's special drill instructor, as mentioned in the animated movie, and also engages in special missions. From 1985-1989, there were new Sgt. Slaughter action figures almost every year.", "He also for a time during the summer of 1997 co-managed Tiger Ali Singh (with Ali's father, Tiger Jeet Singh). By year's end he had failed another drug test (he has referred to this as a \"medicine test\" in various interviews) and was released. On April 1, 2001, at WrestleMania X-Seven, The Iron Sheik won the Gimmick Battle Royal, a match between other popular or outlandish wrestlers from the 1980s and 1990s. Rather than being booed for winning, the villainous Sheik (who had gained something of a cult following among wrestling fans) was cheered as a fan favorite. He eliminated Hillbilly Jim to win the Battle Royal and was immediately attacked by former rival/partner Sgt. Slaughter who put him in his Cobra clutch. In 2005 before WrestleMania 21 in Los Angeles, The Iron Sheik was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by his long-time rival and former partner, Sgt. Slaughter. On the June 11, 2007 episode of \"Raw\", he, along with Jimmy Snuka, appeared in a taped segment showing their appreciation of WWE owner Vince McMahon. On the June 18 episode of \"Raw\", he approached McMahon's executive assistant Jonathan Coachman about having his own interview show on \"Raw\". Coach replied saying, \"I like the idea and I will really take some time to consider it.\" On August 13, he appeared on an episode of \"Raw\" held at Madison Square Garden for a WWE version of \"American Idol\". Sheik came out with Nikolai Volkoff while Volkoff sang the Soviet anthem. The March 10, 2008 edition of \"Raw\" featured rematches from previous WrestleManias. Iron Sheik appeared with Nikolai Volkoff to face off against the U.S. Express in a rematch from the first WrestleMania.", "On May 7 the two faced off, and Sheik was defeated by TV Champion Sting. In August 1989, he would form a brief alliance with Ron Simmons, appearing in his corner during a match with Jon Brewer. He would appear later that month in the corner of Simmons & The Cuban Assassin in a victory over Tommy Rich and Eddie Gilbert. On August 26, Simmons and Sheik were guests of Paul E. Dangerously's \"Danger Zone\", where he admitted that he was now training Simmons and was looking for a tag-team partner for him. The angle was eventually dropped and Simmons went on to team with Butch Reed as Doom, while Sheik finished his initial WCW tenure in house show matches against Norman in January 1990. The Iron Sheik would return after a seven-month absence following Ole Anderson's elevation to head booker. A contract snafu saw WCW allow Sheik's one-year deal to accidentally roll over and continue to work with the company. On July 7 at Great American Bash 1990 he faced Mike Rotunda in a losing effort in his first match back. He wrestled Brian Pillman, Tom Zenk, Terry Taylor, Brad Armstrong, and Big Van Vader on the house show circuit through the fall and winter of 1990. His final match was against the Junkyard Dog on January 26, 1991 in Columbia, South Carolina, after which he left the company. He returned to the WWF again on March 11, 1991, making his re-debut on \"Wrestling Challenge\" as Colonel Mustafa, and was aligned with former enemy Sgt. Slaughter. Along with Iraqi General Adnan, Slaughter and Mustafa were portrayed as Iraqi sympathizers during the Gulf War and feuded with Hulk Hogan and the Ultimate Warrior. Following Slaughter's face turn after SummerSlam 1991, Mustafa remained aligned with Adnan.", "After a hiatus, he returned to WWF television on the August 4, 1997 episode of Raw Is War to assume the role of on-air commissioner by (kayfabe) President Gorilla Monsoon who in reality retired from being on camera due to health issues. Initially popular, he eventually became the target of D-Generation X, who called him \"Sgt. Slobber\". On an episode of Raw Is War, he put Shawn Michaels and Triple H in a match for Michaels' European Championship. Michaels dropped the belt to Helmsley, by lying down in the ring. Slaughter challenged Triple H to a Boot Camp match at the December pay-per-view, which he lost. His feud with Triple H continued into WrestleMania XIV where he handcuffed himself to Chyna to prevent her from interfering with Helmsley's match against Owen Hart. But Slaughter's efforts ultimately proved futile, as Chyna threw powder into his eyes, interfered with the match anyway, and hurled Slaughter into the front row. In 1998, Slaughter turned heel, joined Vince McMahon along with Gerald Brisco and Pat Patterson, and became the on-screen lackeys of McMahon; running errands for him and dishing out punishment to McMahon's rivals, namely Steve Austin. In late 1998, Slaughter relinquished the role of commissioner to Shawn Michaels and largely disappeared from television. Slaughter still appeared from time to time in the ring, mostly at house shows. He appeared on Raw to put over younger wrestlers, such as Kurt Angle and Randy Orton. Slaughter also made an appearance at WrestleMania X-Seven, in the gimmick Battle Royal, which was won by The Iron Sheik. Slaughter got his revenge after the match by locking the Sheik in the cobra clutch. He also appeared on both Raw and SmackDown on occasion during the Invasion storyline in non-wrestling roles, usually in conjunction with Vince McMahon.", "On February 18, 1988, The Iron Sheik returned to the WWF and defeated SD Jones on a house show at the Meadowlands Arena in East Rutherford, New Jersey. Sheik continued to wrestle on house shows in February and March, facing Lanny Poffo, Ken Patera, and Bam Bam Bigelow. He would not appear on television until July 30, when he defeated Scott Casey in a match that aired on Prime Time Wrestling. Sheik continued to wrestle that summer, facing Casey in rematches as well as Richard Charland and The Red Rooster. During his matches, comments were regularly made about the Iron Sheik's weight gain and diminished mobility. Iron Sheik had also cut promos to challenge then-World Champion \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage, but nothing came of it. Ultimately the return was short-lived. In 1987, The Iron Sheik competed in Dallas' World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW) where he feuded with Matt Borne over the WCWA Texas Heavyweight Championship. He stayed with that organization for only a few months, followed by brief stints with the AWA, where he attacked Sgt. Slaughter during a match, and Puerto Rico's World Wrestling Council (WWC). In addition to reigniting his feud with Slaughter and teaming with Colonel DeBeers, his main opponent during this time period was Tony Atlas, with whom he feuded in both WCCW and WWC. On February 25, 1989, the Iron Sheik made a surprise appearance at a NWA taping in Atlanta, Georgia and immediately challenged Ricky Steamboat. On April 11, he challenged Sting at a television taping to a Persian clubs swinging competition. On the April 29 episode the competition ensued which Sting admitted that Sheik had won, leading to a match between the two at Music City Showdown."], "answer": {"text": "Slaughter got his revenge after the match by locking the Sheik in the cobra clutch.", "answer_start": 1581}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "When does Sgt. Slaughter become WWF commissioner on Raw is War?", "answer": {"text": "August 4, 1997 episode of Raw Is War to assume the role of on-air commissioner", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1998, Slaughter relinquished the role of commissioner to Shawn Michaels and largely disappeared from television.", "answer_start": 1174, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he come back?", "answer": {"text": "August 4, 1997", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Slaughter also made an appearance at WrestleMania X-Seven, in the gimmick Battle Royal,", "answer_start": 1460, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1573866a99f4b9393fe2b9f9f4ac94b_0_q#6", "question": "Was there anything of interest in this article?", "rewrite": "Was there anything regarding Sgt. Slaughter's fued with Triple H or his interactions with Chyna in this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Back inside the ring, Mark Henry threw a second ladder to Rock which he began to climb while Henry tried to subdue Triple H on the outside but was met with a forearm by Chyna. Triple H arrived just in time to push Rock off the ladder, crashing onto the mat and outside the ring. Triple H received similar treatment after recovering, then climbing the ladder only to have the ladder fall away from beneath him. After a DDT that left both men floored, both men eventually stood back up and then climbed either side of the same ladder, punching each other at the top with Triple H being thrown into the ladder in the turnbuckle and rebound to knock Rock off the ladder onto the ropes. Chyna had Triple H a chair which he hit Rock with, albeit with a ladder in the middle and continued a barrage of chair shots onto Rock through the ladder. This would not keep Rock down though, as he soon scooped Triple H onto the ladder and performed the People's Elbow with Triple H lying on the ladder. Despite receiving a Rock Bottom, Triple H managed to stagger to his feet just in time to pull Rock off the top rung of the ladder by his trunks and flooring him with a Pedigree. Struggling back to his feet anyway, Henry threw flour into Triple H's eyes but he slowly managed to climb by feel alone; although Rock was able to climb up to the top and meet him, Chyna used her forearm to low blow Rock, buying Triple H enough time to take the belt from where it was hanging. The WWF Championship match began with each wrestler punching the other into the corner. After some grappling, a flurry of reversed arm twists refused to give either wrestler a noticeable advantage with Austin eventually dragging The Undertaker to the ground with an arm bar.", "but he was attacked by Big Show. As a result, Undertaker and Big Show formed a tag team. Undertaker and Big Show started a rivalry with X-Pac and Kane. On the August 9 episode of \"Raw Is War\", X-Pac and Kane defeated The Acolytes (Faarooq and Bradshaw) for the WWF Tag Team Championship. At SummerSlam, Undertaker and Big Show defeated X-Pac and Kane to win the Tag Team Championship. After losing to Stone Cold Steve Austin at Fully Loaded, Undertaker challenged him to a rematch on the August 2 episode of \"Raw Is War\". Austin accepted the challenge, but Triple H, who had become the number one contender to Austin's WWF Championship at Fully Loaded, insisted that Undertaker would not get the championship match, resulting in a brawl. On the August 9 episode of \"Raw Is War\", Jesse Ventura returned to WWF after nine years. Triple H confronted Ventura, causing the WWF Commissioner Shawn Michaels to force Triple H to compete against Austin and Undertaker in a triple threat match. However, Austin was found unconscious later that night. Michaels blamed Triple H for the attack and replaced Austin with Chyna and announced that Triple H's status as the number one contender would be on the line in the match. Chyna pinned Triple H and thus became the new number one contender for the WWF Championship. On the August 16 episode of \"Raw Is War\", a returning Mankind helped Chyna in defeating Triple H to retain her status as the number one contender to the championship. After the match, he challenged her for that spot, but Chyna low blowed him and refused. However, Michaels forced Chyna into defending her spot against Mankind. Mankind defeated Chyna to become the number one contender until Triple H attacked him after the match.", "The end of the match came when Chyna attempted a handspring back elbow on Ivory, who was in the corner of the ring. Chyna, however, fell to the canvas and (in storyline) injured her neck. Ivory then covered her for a successful pinfall, retaining her championship. Following this, commentator Jerry Lawler went into the ring to check on Chyna, and she was removed from the ringside area on a stretcher. Next, WWF Champion Kurt Angle was challenged by Triple H, who had been named number-one contender by his (then storyline) father-in-law Vince McMahon. The match began as a mat based, hold for hold contest, but Trish Stratus then tried to interfere on Angle's behalf, only to then get into a catfight with Stephanie McMahon, who was in Triple H's corner. Stratus (Vince McMahon's storyline mistress) and Stephanie (McMahon's daughter and then storyline wife of Triple H) had been involved in their own feud due to vying for power as the WWF's \"dominant female\". After the fracas involving the two ladies on the outside (which had to be broken up by Vince himself), both Triple H and Angle accidentally hit the referee Earl Hebner, causing him to roll out of the ring. Triple H grabbed the title belt and tried to hit Angle with it, only to receive a belly-to-belly suplex. Angle then tried to hit Triple H with the belt, but Triple H ducked and gave him a Pedigree. As Triple H went outside to revive the referee, Stone Cold Steve Austin attacked Triple H and performed the Stone Cold Stunner on him as retaliation for Triple H costing Austin the title several weeks earlier on \"Raw Is War\".", "SummerSlam (1999) SummerSlam (1999) was the twelfth annual SummerSlam professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It took place on August 22, 1999, at the Target Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This event is one of two events where the three major titles in the WWE (world, intercontinental and tag) all changed hands on the same night, the other being the 2009 edition of . The main feud heading into SummerSlam was between Stone Cold Steve Austin, Triple H and Mankind over the WWF Championship. The previous month at Fully Loaded, Austin retained the WWF Championship by defeating The Undertaker in a first blood match when X-Pac interfered and hit Undertaker with a television camera. Also at Fully Loaded, Triple H defeated The Rock in a Strap match to become the number one contender for the WWF Championship. In recent weeks, Triple H stated that he's been studying Austin for months to figure out how to beat him. On the August 9th episode of \"Raw is War\", it was revealed that Minnesota governor as well as fellow WWF legend Jesse \" The Body\" Ventura would be the special guest referee for the main event at SummerSlam. When Triple H came out and got in Ventura's face, WWF Commissioner Shawn Michaels set up a match between Austin, Triple H and Undertaker. When Austin was found mysteriously attacked in a stairwell, Michaels accused Triple H of being the attacker but Triple H denied it. Michaels then set up a Triple threat match with the title of number one contender on the line between Triple H, Undertaker and Chyna. Austin returned later that night and hit Triple H with a chair, then put Chyna on top allowing her to win the match and become number one contender. The following week, Triple H challenged Chyna to a match with her number one contender status on the line which Chyna accepted.", "The tag team match began with Triple H and Kane exchanging punches until Kane had a slight momentum causing Helmsley to tag in X-Pac who also suffered at the hands of Kane and was slammed from turnbuckle to turnbuckle until Chyna demanded to be tagged in, knocking X-Pac down with a forearm punch. Kane tagged himself in, much to the chagrin of Chyna and while she shouted at him for it, X-Pac found time to weaken him by kicking at his legs, Triple H illegally aiding him. He was soon tagged in but was floored by Kane's flying clothesline. Chyna tagged in and after keeping Helmsley down with some forearms, had her suplex reversed but as she was held in mid-air, she jumped out onto the floor and scoop slammed him. Despite tagging X-Pac in, Triple H stayed in the ring to double suplex Kane, then rocket launching Chyna into him before using a double-team DDT on Kane. After some fighting around the ring, where guest commentator Shane McMahon was struck by X-Pac, the match resumed proper with Kane side slamming X-Pac and then allowing Chyna to perform a running powerslam before tagging Kane back in to dominate X-Pac. The two frequently tagged, isolating X-Pac. When the tag came in, Triple H entered and throw Chyna to the floor before cornering Kane, then back body dropping him out of the ring with X-Pac following with a baseball slide. Kane soon recovered and took Triple H out of the ring and, with the referee knocked down and X-Pac giving a Bronco Buster to Chyna, Shane McMahon interfered and was chased away by X-Pac. Triple H fought with Chyna, trying to Pedigree her"], "answer": {"text": "His feud with Triple H continued into WrestleMania XIV where he handcuffed himself to Chyna to prevent her from interfering with Helmsley's match against Owen Hart.", "answer_start": 612}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When does Sgt. Slaughter become WWF commissioner on Raw is War?", "answer": {"text": "August 4, 1997 episode of Raw Is War to assume the role of on-air commissioner", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1998, Slaughter relinquished the role of commissioner to Shawn Michaels and largely disappeared from television.", "answer_start": 1174, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he come back?", "answer": {"text": "August 4, 1997", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Slaughter also made an appearance at WrestleMania X-Seven, in the gimmick Battle Royal,", "answer_start": 1460, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after that fight?", "answer": {"text": "Slaughter got his revenge after the match by locking the Sheik in the cobra clutch.", "answer_start": 1581, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win the fight?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_181f89f919b14d0ab689932e45c84a4b_0_q#1", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides the album preceding All We Love We Leave Behind?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["All We Love We Leave Behind All We Love We Leave Behind is the eighth studio album by American metalcore band Converge. It was released on October 9, 2012 via Epitaph Records. The album did not feature any guest collaborators, unlike the band's previous album \"Axe to Fall\". The Album was produced by Converge guitarist Kurt Ballou and the artwork was created by the band's singer Jacob Bannon. \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" peaked at number 70 on \"Billboard 200\" chart in the United States , it was the band's most commercially successful record until their next album, \"The Dusk in Us\" reached number 60 on the same chart in 2017. On January 1, 2012, Converge announced that they had completed writing for the album. The following day, Kurt Ballou announced plans via his Facebook page to begin recording with the band in January 2012. The album was recorded and mixed at Kurt Ballou's GodCity Studio in Salem, Massachusetts. Unlike the band's last few albums, \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" did not feature collaborators. The album's sound has been described as \"raw\" and \"live-sounding\". The album was mastered by Alan Douches, noted for former contributions to Converge recordings as well as mastering for bands such as Death, The Dillinger Escape Plan and Japandroids. Former Give Up the Ghost drummer Alex Garcia-Rivera was brought in as a drum technician. \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" was first announced on August 28, 2012. On that same day, a Max Moore directed music video for the track \"Aimless Arrow\" was released. On October 3, 2012 the album was available to stream in its entirety on YouTube, a week before its official release. On April 17, 2014, a second music video was released for the album, \"Precipice / All We Love", "All That You Can't Leave Behind All That You Can't Leave Behind is the tenth studio album by Irish rock band U2. It was produced by Brian Eno and Daniel Lanois, and was released on 30 October 2000 through Island Records and Interscope Records. Following the mixed reception to their 1997 album, \"Pop\", \"All That You Can't Leave Behind\" represented a return to a more mainstream sound for the band after they experimented with alternative rock and dance music in the 1990s. At the time of the album's release, U2 said on several occasions that they were \"reapplying for the job ... [of] the best band in the world\". U2 brought back Eno and Lanois, who had produced three of the band's previous albums. The album was originally named \"U2000\", which had been a working title for their PopMart Tour. \"All That You Can't Leave Behind\" received favourable reviews from critics and sold over 12 million copies. The songs \"Beautiful Day\", \"Walk On\", \"Elevation\", and \"Stuck in a Moment You Can't Get Out Of\" were all successful singles. The record and its songs won seven Grammy Awards; it is the only album in history to have multiple tracks win the Grammy Award for Record of the Year: \"Beautiful Day\" in 2001 and \"Walk On\" in 2002. In 2003, the album was ranked number 139 on \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of \"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\", but it was re-ranked at number 280 in 2012. The supporting Elevation Tour, on which the band returned to playing arenas with a more intimate stage design, was also a critical and commercial success.", "In January 2012 Converge completed writing for their eighth studio album, All We Love We Leave Behind. The following day, Ballou announced plans via his Facebook page to begin recording with the band in January. On August 28, 2012 a music video was released for the track \"Aimless Arrow\" from the upcoming album, the music video was directed by Max Moore. On the same day Converge revealed the artwork for the album, the artwork depicts a lunar cycle. On October 3, 2012 the album was available to stream in its entirety on YouTube, a week before its official release. On October 9, 2012 Converge released their eighth studio album All We Love We Leave Behind. It peaked at number 70 on the Billboard 200, surpassing Axe to Fall in terms of commercial success. Converge's first headlining tour in support of All We Love We Leave Behind started in October 2012 with Torche, Kvelertak, Nails and Whips/Chains. On April 17, 2014 another music video was released for the track/tracks \"Precipice / All We Love We Leave Behind\", the music video was directed by Craig Murray. On October 15, 2015 Deathwish's YouTube channel released a trailer for Converge's Blu-Ray set, Thousands of Miles Between Us. Almost over a month after the release of the trailer, on November 27, 2015 the Blu-Ray set was released. The set was described by Deathwish as the long-awaited sequel to their landmark 2003 DVD release, The Long Road Home. The footage ranges from a full 20 song Converge set to over 15 hours of live, rare, and previously unseen footage, which is claimed to span over a decade in the life of Converge. On April 29, 2016 Converge announced plans to reissue the album You Fail Me (12 years after the original release), it was put up for per-order the same day.", "\"Success to me is creating something that's moving and fulfilling and I truly feel both of those things when I experience this album from start to finish\". Converge wanted \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" to sound more \"organic\" compared to their previous releases. This means there is no artificial distortion, triggers, or Auto-Tune on the album. Ballou explains, \"it's all organic, it\u2019s real sounds that capture the way the band performs live\". Lyrically Bannon approached \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" by once again writing about his own personal experiences, however there's no question that this time around his vocals are more direct and decipherable than they've been in the past. \"This is a personal record and all of the songs tell their own stories\", Bannon explains. \"Every song is rooted in real life, documenting what I have experienced over the past few years\". Correspondingly the title of the album is an apology letter to everything he has had to leave behind in order to pursue his path in art and music. Bannon explains that he feels like it's important to acknowledge these sacrifices in order to be \"a self aware individual\". \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" was met with rave reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 88, based on 19 reviews, which indicates \"universal acclaim\". Brandon Stosuy of Pitchfork Media gave the album a Best New Music designation, writing \"There's never a dull moment across \"AWLWLB'\"s 38 minutes. It's all peaks. \"", "Neither extant crocodylians, nor extant birds have horns today, but the osteological evidence for horns in ceratopsians is without question. Thus a level 3 inference receives no support from the extant phylogenetic bracket, but can still be used with confidence based on the merits of the fossil data itself. The Extant Phylogenetic Bracket can be used to infer the presence of soft tissues even when those tissues do not interact with the skeleton. As before, there are three different levels of inference. These levels are designated as prime levels. They descend in confidence as they move up a level. Level 1\u2032 \u2014 The inference of a character that is shared by both extant sister groups, but does not leave behind a bony signature. For example, saying that \"Tyrannosaurus rex\" had a four-chambered heart would be a level 1\u2032 inference as both extant sister groups (Crocodylia and Aves) have four-chambered hearts, but this trait does not leave behind any bony evidence. Level 2\u2032 \u2014 The inference of a character that is found in only one sister group to the taxon in question and that does not leave behind any bony evidence. For instance saying that \"Tyrannosaurus rex\" was warm-blooded would be a level 2\u2032 inference as extant birds are warm-blooded but extant crocodylians are not. Further, since warm-bloodedness is a physiological trait rather than an anatomical one, it does not leave behind any bony signatures to indicate its presence. Level 3\u2032 \u2014 The inference of a character that is found in neither sister group to the taxon in question and that does not leave behind any bony signatures."], "answer": {"text": "The following day, Ballou announced plans via his Facebook page to begin recording with the band in January.", "answer_start": 103}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What album preceded All We Love We Leave Behind?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_181f89f919b14d0ab689932e45c84a4b_0_q#2", "question": "What were the hits songs from the album?", "rewrite": "What were the hits songs from All We Love We Leave Behind?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["All We Love We Leave Behind All We Love We Leave Behind is the eighth studio album by American metalcore band Converge. It was released on October 9, 2012 via Epitaph Records. The album did not feature any guest collaborators, unlike the band's previous album \"Axe to Fall\". The Album was produced by Converge guitarist Kurt Ballou and the artwork was created by the band's singer Jacob Bannon. \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" peaked at number 70 on \"Billboard 200\" chart in the United States , it was the band's most commercially successful record until their next album, \"The Dusk in Us\" reached number 60 on the same chart in 2017. On January 1, 2012, Converge announced that they had completed writing for the album. The following day, Kurt Ballou announced plans via his Facebook page to begin recording with the band in January 2012. The album was recorded and mixed at Kurt Ballou's GodCity Studio in Salem, Massachusetts. Unlike the band's last few albums, \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" did not feature collaborators. The album's sound has been described as \"raw\" and \"live-sounding\". The album was mastered by Alan Douches, noted for former contributions to Converge recordings as well as mastering for bands such as Death, The Dillinger Escape Plan and Japandroids. Former Give Up the Ghost drummer Alex Garcia-Rivera was brought in as a drum technician. \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" was first announced on August 28, 2012. On that same day, a Max Moore directed music video for the track \"Aimless Arrow\" was released. On October 3, 2012 the album was available to stream in its entirety on YouTube, a week before its official release. On April 17, 2014, a second music video was released for the album, \"Precipice / All We Love", "In January 2012 Converge completed writing for their eighth studio album, All We Love We Leave Behind. The following day, Ballou announced plans via his Facebook page to begin recording with the band in January. On August 28, 2012 a music video was released for the track \"Aimless Arrow\" from the upcoming album, the music video was directed by Max Moore. On the same day Converge revealed the artwork for the album, the artwork depicts a lunar cycle. On October 3, 2012 the album was available to stream in its entirety on YouTube, a week before its official release. On October 9, 2012 Converge released their eighth studio album All We Love We Leave Behind. It peaked at number 70 on the Billboard 200, surpassing Axe to Fall in terms of commercial success. Converge's first headlining tour in support of All We Love We Leave Behind started in October 2012 with Torche, Kvelertak, Nails and Whips/Chains. On April 17, 2014 another music video was released for the track/tracks \"Precipice / All We Love We Leave Behind\", the music video was directed by Craig Murray. On October 15, 2015 Deathwish's YouTube channel released a trailer for Converge's Blu-Ray set, Thousands of Miles Between Us. Almost over a month after the release of the trailer, on November 27, 2015 the Blu-Ray set was released. The set was described by Deathwish as the long-awaited sequel to their landmark 2003 DVD release, The Long Road Home. The footage ranges from a full 20 song Converge set to over 15 hours of live, rare, and previously unseen footage, which is claimed to span over a decade in the life of Converge. On April 29, 2016 Converge announced plans to reissue the album You Fail Me (12 years after the original release), it was put up for per-order the same day.", "Sebuah Nama Sebuah Cerita Sebuah Nama Sebuah Cerita ( One Name, One Story) is the fifth and final album from Peterpan. The album was released in 2008. First single from this album is \"Walau Habis Terang\" (English Translation:\"Though Light's Gone Out\"). The album released in two version, cassette version and CD version. CD version contains 30 songs (3 new songs, a new-arrangement Chrisye's song and 26 hits songs from previous album). Meanwhile, cassette version just contains 21 songs (3 new songs, a new-arrangement Crisye's song and 17 hits songs from previous album). CD 1 CD 2", "\"Success to me is creating something that's moving and fulfilling and I truly feel both of those things when I experience this album from start to finish\". Converge wanted \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" to sound more \"organic\" compared to their previous releases. This means there is no artificial distortion, triggers, or Auto-Tune on the album. Ballou explains, \"it's all organic, it\u2019s real sounds that capture the way the band performs live\". Lyrically Bannon approached \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" by once again writing about his own personal experiences, however there's no question that this time around his vocals are more direct and decipherable than they've been in the past. \"This is a personal record and all of the songs tell their own stories\", Bannon explains. \"Every song is rooted in real life, documenting what I have experienced over the past few years\". Correspondingly the title of the album is an apology letter to everything he has had to leave behind in order to pursue his path in art and music. Bannon explains that he feels like it's important to acknowledge these sacrifices in order to be \"a self aware individual\". \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" was met with rave reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 88, based on 19 reviews, which indicates \"universal acclaim\". Brandon Stosuy of Pitchfork Media gave the album a Best New Music designation, writing \"There's never a dull moment across \"AWLWLB'\"s 38 minutes. It's all peaks. \"", ", \"Livin' on a Prayer\" (3) by Bon Jovi, \"Star Trekkin'\" (3) by The Firm, \"Bad\" (4) by Michael Jackson, \"What's My Scene?\" (3) by Hoodoo Gurus, \"Pressure Down\" (4) by John Farnham, \"Crazy\" (4) by Icehouse and \"Beds Are Burning\" (6) by Midnight Oil. Other hits Songs peaking at number two included \"Heaven Is a Place on Earth\" by Belinda Carlisle, \"Stutter Rap (No Sleep Til Bedtime)\" by Morris Minor and the Majors, \"Better Be Home Soon\" by Crowded House, \"Doctorin' the Tardis\" by The Timelords, The Only Way Is Up by Yazz, and \"If I Could\" by 1927. Other hits Songs peaking at number two included \"Especially for You\" by Kylie Minogue and Jason Donovan, \"Bedroom Eyes\" by Kate Ceberano, \"Batdance\" by Prince, \"I'll Be Loving You (Forever)\" by New Kids on the Block, and \"All I Want Is You\" by U2. ARIA commenced compiling its own charts in-house from the week ending 26 June 1988, although recently the ARIA have claimed to have had charts since mid-1983. They ran concurrent to the Australian Music Report, until 1999. The dates given for ARIA Charts are Saturdays. Other hits Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes' hit \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\" was the best-charting single of the year according to ARIA (whereas the Australian Music Report lists this as the 2nd best-charting single of the year.)"], "answer": {"text": "track \"Aimless Arrow\"", "answer_start": 266}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What album preceded All We Love We Leave Behind?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The following day, Ballou announced plans via his Facebook page to begin recording with the band in January.", "answer_start": 103, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_181f89f919b14d0ab689932e45c84a4b_0_q#3", "question": "How was the album received by fans and critics?", "rewrite": "How was All We Love We Leave Behind received by fans and critics?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Neither extant crocodylians, nor extant birds have horns today, but the osteological evidence for horns in ceratopsians is without question. Thus a level 3 inference receives no support from the extant phylogenetic bracket, but can still be used with confidence based on the merits of the fossil data itself. The Extant Phylogenetic Bracket can be used to infer the presence of soft tissues even when those tissues do not interact with the skeleton. As before, there are three different levels of inference. These levels are designated as prime levels. They descend in confidence as they move up a level. Level 1\u2032 \u2014 The inference of a character that is shared by both extant sister groups, but does not leave behind a bony signature. For example, saying that \"Tyrannosaurus rex\" had a four-chambered heart would be a level 1\u2032 inference as both extant sister groups (Crocodylia and Aves) have four-chambered hearts, but this trait does not leave behind any bony evidence. Level 2\u2032 \u2014 The inference of a character that is found in only one sister group to the taxon in question and that does not leave behind any bony evidence. For instance saying that \"Tyrannosaurus rex\" was warm-blooded would be a level 2\u2032 inference as extant birds are warm-blooded but extant crocodylians are not. Further, since warm-bloodedness is a physiological trait rather than an anatomical one, it does not leave behind any bony signatures to indicate its presence. Level 3\u2032 \u2014 The inference of a character that is found in neither sister group to the taxon in question and that does not leave behind any bony signatures.", "\"Success to me is creating something that's moving and fulfilling and I truly feel both of those things when I experience this album from start to finish\". Converge wanted \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" to sound more \"organic\" compared to their previous releases. This means there is no artificial distortion, triggers, or Auto-Tune on the album. Ballou explains, \"it's all organic, it\u2019s real sounds that capture the way the band performs live\". Lyrically Bannon approached \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" by once again writing about his own personal experiences, however there's no question that this time around his vocals are more direct and decipherable than they've been in the past. \"This is a personal record and all of the songs tell their own stories\", Bannon explains. \"Every song is rooted in real life, documenting what I have experienced over the past few years\". Correspondingly the title of the album is an apology letter to everything he has had to leave behind in order to pursue his path in art and music. Bannon explains that he feels like it's important to acknowledge these sacrifices in order to be \"a self aware individual\". \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" was met with rave reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 88, based on 19 reviews, which indicates \"universal acclaim\". Brandon Stosuy of Pitchfork Media gave the album a Best New Music designation, writing \"There's never a dull moment across \"AWLWLB'\"s 38 minutes. It's all peaks. \"", "In January 2012 Converge completed writing for their eighth studio album, All We Love We Leave Behind. The following day, Ballou announced plans via his Facebook page to begin recording with the band in January. On August 28, 2012 a music video was released for the track \"Aimless Arrow\" from the upcoming album, the music video was directed by Max Moore. On the same day Converge revealed the artwork for the album, the artwork depicts a lunar cycle. On October 3, 2012 the album was available to stream in its entirety on YouTube, a week before its official release. On October 9, 2012 Converge released their eighth studio album All We Love We Leave Behind. It peaked at number 70 on the Billboard 200, surpassing Axe to Fall in terms of commercial success. Converge's first headlining tour in support of All We Love We Leave Behind started in October 2012 with Torche, Kvelertak, Nails and Whips/Chains. On April 17, 2014 another music video was released for the track/tracks \"Precipice / All We Love We Leave Behind\", the music video was directed by Craig Murray. On October 15, 2015 Deathwish's YouTube channel released a trailer for Converge's Blu-Ray set, Thousands of Miles Between Us. Almost over a month after the release of the trailer, on November 27, 2015 the Blu-Ray set was released. The set was described by Deathwish as the long-awaited sequel to their landmark 2003 DVD release, The Long Road Home. The footage ranges from a full 20 song Converge set to over 15 hours of live, rare, and previously unseen footage, which is claimed to span over a decade in the life of Converge. On April 29, 2016 Converge announced plans to reissue the album You Fail Me (12 years after the original release), it was put up for per-order the same day.", "All That You Can't Leave Behind All That You Can't Leave Behind is the tenth studio album by Irish rock band U2. It was produced by Brian Eno and Daniel Lanois, and was released on 30 October 2000 through Island Records and Interscope Records. Following the mixed reception to their 1997 album, \"Pop\", \"All That You Can't Leave Behind\" represented a return to a more mainstream sound for the band after they experimented with alternative rock and dance music in the 1990s. At the time of the album's release, U2 said on several occasions that they were \"reapplying for the job ... [of] the best band in the world\". U2 brought back Eno and Lanois, who had produced three of the band's previous albums. The album was originally named \"U2000\", which had been a working title for their PopMart Tour. \"All That You Can't Leave Behind\" received favourable reviews from critics and sold over 12 million copies. The songs \"Beautiful Day\", \"Walk On\", \"Elevation\", and \"Stuck in a Moment You Can't Get Out Of\" were all successful singles. The record and its songs won seven Grammy Awards; it is the only album in history to have multiple tracks win the Grammy Award for Record of the Year: \"Beautiful Day\" in 2001 and \"Walk On\" in 2002. In 2003, the album was ranked number 139 on \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of \"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\", but it was re-ranked at number 280 in 2012. The supporting Elevation Tour, on which the band returned to playing arenas with a more intimate stage design, was also a critical and commercial success.", "All We Love We Leave Behind All We Love We Leave Behind is the eighth studio album by American metalcore band Converge. It was released on October 9, 2012 via Epitaph Records. The album did not feature any guest collaborators, unlike the band's previous album \"Axe to Fall\". The Album was produced by Converge guitarist Kurt Ballou and the artwork was created by the band's singer Jacob Bannon. \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" peaked at number 70 on \"Billboard 200\" chart in the United States , it was the band's most commercially successful record until their next album, \"The Dusk in Us\" reached number 60 on the same chart in 2017. On January 1, 2012, Converge announced that they had completed writing for the album. The following day, Kurt Ballou announced plans via his Facebook page to begin recording with the band in January 2012. The album was recorded and mixed at Kurt Ballou's GodCity Studio in Salem, Massachusetts. Unlike the band's last few albums, \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" did not feature collaborators. The album's sound has been described as \"raw\" and \"live-sounding\". The album was mastered by Alan Douches, noted for former contributions to Converge recordings as well as mastering for bands such as Death, The Dillinger Escape Plan and Japandroids. Former Give Up the Ghost drummer Alex Garcia-Rivera was brought in as a drum technician. \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" was first announced on August 28, 2012. On that same day, a Max Moore directed music video for the track \"Aimless Arrow\" was released. On October 3, 2012 the album was available to stream in its entirety on YouTube, a week before its official release. On April 17, 2014, a second music video was released for the album, \"Precipice / All We Love"], "answer": {"text": "It peaked at number 70 on the Billboard 200,", "answer_start": 661}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What album preceded All We Love We Leave Behind?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The following day, Ballou announced plans via his Facebook page to begin recording with the band in January.", "answer_start": 103, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the hits songs from the album?", "answer": {"text": "track \"Aimless Arrow\"", "answer_start": 266, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_181f89f919b14d0ab689932e45c84a4b_0_q#4", "question": "Did the band tour to support the album?", "rewrite": "Did Converge tour to support All We Love We Leave Behind?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In January 2012 Converge completed writing for their eighth studio album, All We Love We Leave Behind. The following day, Ballou announced plans via his Facebook page to begin recording with the band in January. On August 28, 2012 a music video was released for the track \"Aimless Arrow\" from the upcoming album, the music video was directed by Max Moore. On the same day Converge revealed the artwork for the album, the artwork depicts a lunar cycle. On October 3, 2012 the album was available to stream in its entirety on YouTube, a week before its official release. On October 9, 2012 Converge released their eighth studio album All We Love We Leave Behind. It peaked at number 70 on the Billboard 200, surpassing Axe to Fall in terms of commercial success. Converge's first headlining tour in support of All We Love We Leave Behind started in October 2012 with Torche, Kvelertak, Nails and Whips/Chains. On April 17, 2014 another music video was released for the track/tracks \"Precipice / All We Love We Leave Behind\", the music video was directed by Craig Murray. On October 15, 2015 Deathwish's YouTube channel released a trailer for Converge's Blu-Ray set, Thousands of Miles Between Us. Almost over a month after the release of the trailer, on November 27, 2015 the Blu-Ray set was released. The set was described by Deathwish as the long-awaited sequel to their landmark 2003 DVD release, The Long Road Home. The footage ranges from a full 20 song Converge set to over 15 hours of live, rare, and previously unseen footage, which is claimed to span over a decade in the life of Converge. On April 29, 2016 Converge announced plans to reissue the album You Fail Me (12 years after the original release), it was put up for per-order the same day.", "\"Success to me is creating something that's moving and fulfilling and I truly feel both of those things when I experience this album from start to finish\". Converge wanted \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" to sound more \"organic\" compared to their previous releases. This means there is no artificial distortion, triggers, or Auto-Tune on the album. Ballou explains, \"it's all organic, it\u2019s real sounds that capture the way the band performs live\". Lyrically Bannon approached \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" by once again writing about his own personal experiences, however there's no question that this time around his vocals are more direct and decipherable than they've been in the past. \"This is a personal record and all of the songs tell their own stories\", Bannon explains. \"Every song is rooted in real life, documenting what I have experienced over the past few years\". Correspondingly the title of the album is an apology letter to everything he has had to leave behind in order to pursue his path in art and music. Bannon explains that he feels like it's important to acknowledge these sacrifices in order to be \"a self aware individual\". \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" was met with rave reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 88, based on 19 reviews, which indicates \"universal acclaim\". Brandon Stosuy of Pitchfork Media gave the album a Best New Music designation, writing \"There's never a dull moment across \"AWLWLB'\"s 38 minutes. It's all peaks. \"", "He has worked with Burlesque Design to have limited series screenprints produced of some of his artwork, including two limited edition Converge tour posters and limited prints based on the album artwork for the Converge albums \"Jane Doe\", \"No Heroes\", and \"Axe to Fall\". The \"Jane Doe\" cover art was featured on the cover of the sixth issue of \"Beautiful/Decay Magazine\", which also contained an interview with Bannon. He also designed a limited-edition cover for the May/June 2005 issue of \"Punk Planet\", which was their third Art & Design themed issue. On August 15, 2004, he participated in Strhess Fest in Cleveland. In February 2008, he participated in the \"Public Domain\" group art show, and October 2008, his artwork was featured in a Halloween themed group show entitled \"Horror Business\", both held at Tradition in Los Angeles. In October 2010, Bannon had work in the \"Scream With Me\" show at 111 Minna Gallery in San Francisco, which featured the artwork of selected musicians and tattoo artists. Bannon has worked on art and design for dozens of bands, including: Deathwish, Inc. is an independent record label founded by Jacob Bannon of Converge and Tre McCarthy. In late 1999, McCarthy and Bannon decided to turn Deathwish into a full-fledged business. Bannon co-owns a home d\u00e9cor and antique store with his wife in Beverly, Massachusetts called Diamonds & Rust, which offers, \"a variety of new/vintage industrial and mid-century furniture and lighting, textiles, art, and other collectibles and accessories. \" Bannon has various art/gallery appearances:", "All We Love We Leave Behind All We Love We Leave Behind is the eighth studio album by American metalcore band Converge. It was released on October 9, 2012 via Epitaph Records. The album did not feature any guest collaborators, unlike the band's previous album \"Axe to Fall\". The Album was produced by Converge guitarist Kurt Ballou and the artwork was created by the band's singer Jacob Bannon. \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" peaked at number 70 on \"Billboard 200\" chart in the United States , it was the band's most commercially successful record until their next album, \"The Dusk in Us\" reached number 60 on the same chart in 2017. On January 1, 2012, Converge announced that they had completed writing for the album. The following day, Kurt Ballou announced plans via his Facebook page to begin recording with the band in January 2012. The album was recorded and mixed at Kurt Ballou's GodCity Studio in Salem, Massachusetts. Unlike the band's last few albums, \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" did not feature collaborators. The album's sound has been described as \"raw\" and \"live-sounding\". The album was mastered by Alan Douches, noted for former contributions to Converge recordings as well as mastering for bands such as Death, The Dillinger Escape Plan and Japandroids. Former Give Up the Ghost drummer Alex Garcia-Rivera was brought in as a drum technician. \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" was first announced on August 28, 2012. On that same day, a Max Moore directed music video for the track \"Aimless Arrow\" was released. On October 3, 2012 the album was available to stream in its entirety on YouTube, a week before its official release. On April 17, 2014, a second music video was released for the album, \"Precipice / All We Love", "Stosuy continued: \"\"AWLWLB\" is an example of building on and mastering the music you loved when you were younger-- something that became more than music, ultimately-- so that it has a chance to grow old with you without becoming any less vital\". Sputnikmusic also praised the album, writing \"\"All We Love We Leave Behind\" is yet another successful achievement to add to Converge\u2019s lauded canon. It lacks the novelty to reach the heights of some of its earliest predecessors, but it continues to drive nails into the coffins of competing hardcore/metal bands. \" David von Bader of Consequence of Sound called \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" \" [..] yet another glowing example of how to make art out of aggression\", while Tiny Mix Tapes described the album as one that \"entices kinetic release in every possible way, irrational and otherwise, allowing unchecked ventilation as means for escape through a medium that has never sounded so engaging\". The A.V. Club's Jason Heller wrote that while the album lacked cohesion in some spots, the album \"solidifies Converge\u2019s position as one of hardcore\u2019s most progressive yet soulful stalwarts\". NME's John Calvert, on the other hand, was more mixed to the album, writing \"[..] [B]y trading nonsensical time signatures and atonal bursts for fluidity and stadium rock, they\u2019ve subtracted from their former wretchedness\". \"All We Love We Leave Behind\" was named the best album of 2012 by Decibel, while Pitchfork Media ranked the album #2 on its list of the 40 best metal albums of 2012. The album was also listed 40th on Stereogum's list of top 50 albums of 2012. Metacritic ranked \" All We Love"], "answer": {"text": "Converge's first headlining tour in support of All We Love We Leave Behind started in October 2012", "answer_start": 761}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What album preceded All We Love We Leave Behind?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The following day, Ballou announced plans via his Facebook page to begin recording with the band in January.", "answer_start": 103, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the hits songs from the album?", "answer": {"text": "track \"Aimless Arrow\"", "answer_start": 266, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was the album received by fans and critics?", "answer": {"text": "It peaked at number 70 on the Billboard 200,", "answer_start": 661, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_181f89f919b14d0ab689932e45c84a4b_0_q#5", "question": "What album followed All We Love?", "rewrite": "What album followed All We Love?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Shirley Jones (R&B singer) Shirley Jones (born September 22, 1953 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American R&B singer. She was a member of The Jones Girls before starting a solo career. Jones began singing gospel as a child with her sisters, Brenda and Valorie, and her mother Mary Frazier Jones. Shirley and her sisters eventually began singing secular music as The Jones Girls, and in 1976 became background singers for Diana Ross. In 1979, they signed with Philadelphia International Records, and enjoyed a string of hit singles in the first half of the 1980s. After the group disbanded in 1984, Jones was offered a solo contract with Philadelphia International, and released a hit single, \" Do You Get Enough Love\". A full-length album followed. Soon after the success of the single, Jones married Harlem Globetrotters player Harold Hubbard. One more full-length album followed in 1994.", "Life Love Flesh Blood Life Love Flesh Blood is the fifth studio album by Irish singer-songwriter Imelda May. It was first released in the Republic of Ireland on 7 April 2017, through label Decca Records, followed by a worldwide release two weeks later on 21 April 2017. The album, a follow-up to May's previous album \"Tribal\" (2014), was created in collaboration with American musician T Bone Burnett. Serving as the primary producer for the record, Burnett was only credited alongside Scottish producer Cam Blackwood. Blackwood produced a duet version of the album's lead single \"Call Me\", recorded with English vocalist Jack Savoretti, included on streaming editions of the album post-release. Throughout the album's creative process, May received guidance from Irish musician Bono, of rock group U2. The album followed May's divorce from guitarist Darrel Higham, influencing many lyrical themes on the album. \"Life Love Flesh Blood\" features soft rock and acoustic styles, differing significantly from the rockabilly genre of previous albums. Commercially, the album peaked at number two on the Irish Albums Chart (IRMA), prevented from reaching number one by Ed Sheeran's album \"\u00f7\". The album reached number one on the UK americana chart, where it remained for three weeks, consequently preventing American musician Chris Stapleton from topping the chart with his album \"\". Three singles were released from the album: \"Call Me\", \"Black Tears\", and \"Should've Been You\". The album also features guest appearances by pianist Jools Holland and guitarist Jeff Beck. In support of the album, May embarked on an international concert tour, beginning May 2017. To critical acclaim, May released her previous album, \"Tribal\", on 25 April 2014. In July 2015, May announced that she had split from her husband, guitarist Darrel Higham.", "Bite (Altered Images album) Bite is the third and final studio album by the Scottish band Altered Images. It was released in 1983 and was produced by Mike Chapman and Tony Visconti. It features the UK top ten single \"Don't Talk to Me About Love\" as well as other singles: \"Bring Me Closer\", \"Love to Stay\" and \"Change of Heart\". This album followed the success of their previous two albums as well as a number of hit singles in the UK. For this album, the group recorded with producer Mike Chapman between October and December 1982 and then with Tony Visconti in March 1983. The resulting album was a change in direction from the group's earlier post punk route, becoming a more polished pure pop sound. This direction was controversial with the group's fanbase, and although the album peaked in the UK Top 20 (#16), it sold less than the group's previous two albums, both of which had been certified Silver by the BPI. Some countries released the album with the single edit of \"Don't Talk to Me About Love\" in place of the longer UK LP version. The first single, \"Don't Talk to Me About Love\", reached UK #7, becoming one of the group's biggest hits, although further releases became less and less popular (\"Bring Me Closer\" UK #29, \"Love to Stay\" #46, \"Change of Heart\" #83). Soon after the final single and the group completed a UK tour, they disbanded. Originally released on vinyl album and cassette, the album was later re-issued on compact disc in 2004 with several bonus tracks as \"Bite...Plus\".", "Tortoise (band) Tortoise is an American experimental rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois in 1990. The band incorporates krautrock, dub, minimal music, electronica and jazz into their music, a combination sometimes termed \"post-rock\". Tortoise have been consistently credited for the rise of the post-rock movement in the 1990s. The group's origins lie in the late 1980s pairing of Doug McCombs (bassist with Eleventh Dream Day) and drummer John Herndon, who initially wanted to establish themselves as a freelance rhythm section (like reggae legends Sly and Robbie). The idea did not come to fruition, but their interest in grooving rhythms, as well as their recording studio knowledge led to partnerships with drummer John McEntire and bassist Bundy K. Brown (both formerly of Bastro) joining, followed by percussionist Dan Bitney. Though songs are credited to all the musicians, McEntire became perceived as the group's guiding force, as his contributions mainly took the form of being the recording engineer and mixer. Their first single was issued in 1993, and their self-titled debut album followed a year later. Instrumental and mostly mid-tempo, \"Tortoise\" slowly garnered praise and attention, notably for its unusual instrumentation (two bass guitars, three percussionists switching between drums, vibraphones and marimbas). A remix album followed, \"Rhythms, Resolutions and Clusters\". Brown left and was replaced by David Pajo (formerly of Slint) for 1996's \"Millions Now Living Will Never Die\", which showed up on many year-end best of lists, and the 20 minute \"Djed\" was described by critic John Bush as proof that \"Tortoise made experimental rock do double duty as evocative, beautiful music.\"", "McClain's second album, \"Let Me Be Your Baby,\" was released in 1978. She hit country's Top Ten for the first time in 1978 with \"That's What You Do to Me,\" followed by two other Top 25 hits, \"Let Me Be Your Baby,\" and \"Take Me Back.\" In 1979 McClain released \"Alone Too Long\" (1979), which included the Top-20 hits \" When A Love Ain't Right\" and \"You're a Part of Me\". The \"Women Get Lonely\" album followed in 1980, featuring the Top 10 hit \"Men\", which peaked at No. 7 in 1980, and the Top-20 duet with Johnny Rodriguez , \"I Hate the Way I Love It.\" However, breakthrough success still eluded McClain. McClain hit No. 1 on the Country charts in 1981 with \"Who's Cheatin' Who\". This brought McClain breakthrough success for the 1980s. In 1981, McClain scored three Top-10 hits off her \"Surround Me with Love\" album: the title track, \"Sleepin' with the Radio On\", and \"The Very Best is You\". McClain's albums were beginning to become more successful as well. Her \"Who's Cheatin' Who\" album peaked at No. 28 on the \"Top Country Albums\" chart, and her 1981 album, \"Surround Me With Love\" went to number 9. In 1983, McClain hit No. 1 with her Mickey Gilley duet \"Paradise Tonight.\" \"McClain's and Gilley's duet partnership became so successful, they released a duet album the following year titled \"It Takes Believers. \""], "answer": {"text": "You Fail Me Redux through Epitaph and Deathwish.", "answer_start": 176}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What album preceded All We Love We Leave Behind?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The following day, Ballou announced plans via his Facebook page to begin recording with the band in January.", "answer_start": 103, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the hits songs from the album?", "answer": {"text": "track \"Aimless Arrow\"", "answer_start": 266, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was the album received by fans and critics?", "answer": {"text": "It peaked at number 70 on the Billboard 200,", "answer_start": 661, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band tour to support the album?", "answer": {"text": "Converge's first headlining tour in support of All We Love We Leave Behind started in October 2012", "answer_start": 761, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b35d8c1302b84647859fd950f020b261_1_q#0", "question": "in regards to Jonah Lomu what happened in 1996?", "rewrite": "in regards to Jonah Lomu what happened in 1996?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Due to rival game, Rugby World Cup 2011, the official strip/emblem/stadium/player likenesses of England, South Africa and France, and the official strip/emblem/stadium of Wales, Scotland, Ireland and Italy will not be included within the game. However, due to Top 14, Aviva Premiership and RaboDirect Pro12 licenses the players of these countries will be included within the game (England, France, Ireland, Wales, Scotland and Italy). Rugby legend Jonah Lomu has also lent his likeness and expertise to the game, the European game will feature him on the cover, and the game will be called Jonah Lomu Rugby Challenge. \"Rugby Challenge\" features 14 New Zealand stadiums, 6 Australian stadiums, 5 South African stadiums and 6 European stadiums. Rugby Challenge received mixed to positive reviews by critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the PS3 version of the game received a 64/100 rating, while the Xbox 360 was better reviewed, with a 73/100 rating. GameSpot commented that \"inconsistent presentation and licensing issues trip up Rugby Challenge's run for the try line, but enjoyable gameplay and a wealth of modes give it a decent chance at life beyond the World Cup,\" giving the game a 65 over 100. \"Rugby Challenge 2\" was announced on 20 March 2013, the sequel is set for release midyear 2013 for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and PC. It is going to be Rugby Challenge 2: The Lions Tour Edition in most regions, apart from France where it is known as Jonah Lomu Rugby Challenge 2, and New Zealand, where it is to be called All Blacks Rugby Challenge 2.", "List of international rugby union tries by Jonah Lomu Jonah Lomu was an international rugby union winger who played for New Zealand between 1994 and 2002. He scored a total of 37 tries in 63 international appearances, which make him the sixth highest try scorer for New Zealand and the eighteenth highest on the all-time list. Lomu held alone the record for the most tries scored in the Rugby World Cup (15 in 11 matches at the 1995 and 1999 tournaments), until South Africa's Bryan Habana equalled his tally at the 2015 tournament. Lomu made his debut for New Zealand in June 1994 against France. He scored his first international try in his third appearance, scoring twice against Ireland in New Zealand's opening game of the 1995 Rugby World Cup. This was followed with a try against Scotland in the quarter-finals and four tries against England in the semi-finals\u2014the most Lomu would score in a single match. He was, however, unable to score a try in the final, as South Africa beat New Zealand to win the trophy. Lomu played 13 times against South Africa during his career, but failed to score a try against them. The only other \"Tier 1\" national team against which Lomu did not score a try was Wales. Lomu finished 1995 with 12 international tries, his highest tally in a single year. After two tries in 1996, including one in the inaugural Tri Nations Series, Lomu was unable to score in three appearances during 1997. At the 1999 Rugby World Cup, he scored in each of New Zealand's group stage matches against Tonga, England and Italy. He followed this with a try against Scotland in the quarter-finals and two tries in the semi-finals, as New Zealand lost to France.", "Jonah (2019 TV mini series) Jonah is a 2019 biographical two-part mini film series that chronicles the life, career and death of former All Blacks winger, Jonah Lomu, especially revolving around 1994-1996, the rapid rise and fall of his rugby career. It is directed by Danny Mulherson, and stars Tongan-Kiwi actor Mosese Veaila as the protagonist, and Craig Hall former All Blacks and current Warriors team doctor, Dr. John Mayhew, and Kelson Henderson stars as Phil Kingsley Jones, Lomu's former manager. It aired on TV Three on August 18 and 19, 2019, and is also available On Demand for one year. It is the first feature-film-length mini series to feature Samoan dialogues. The story begins in 1996 after Lomu's meteoric rise to the sporting world, where footages of Jonah Lomu trampling Mike Catt marked his first major moment that launched him to international super-stardom. It helped him move his partner, Tanya Rutter, from South Africa to New Zealand, who later became his first wife. However, his immediate playing future in New Zealand is unknown, and with the debut of Super 12, he signed to join Eric Rush back in Auckland Blues. Moments after signing his first contract, Lomu found blood in his urine, which signalled his first sign of his health troubles ahead. The movie then had a flashback in South Auckland in 1987, where a rapidly-growing Jonah (12) grew out of his church uniform that he just got from last week, and much like devout Christians, Jonah has been taught to never wander outdoors and play or work on Sabbath Sundays, but their cousin, Drew, managed to lure him away to hang out with his bicycle gang, where Jonah managed to steal a bicycle of his own from a motorbike gang leader.", "Maurice Bennett Maurice Bennett was an artist in New Zealand who used toast as an artistic medium in mosaic. The billboard-size images are made up in pixel form, using a slice of toast for each pixel. The toast is soaked in polyurethane to preserve the artwork. His portraits include Mona Lisa, Elvis Presley, US President Barack Obama, Mayor of Wellington Mark Blumsky, and rugby player Jonah Lomu. His work has been featured on Ripley's Believe It or Not. Bennett died of cancer on June 6, 2016 in Wellington, NZ. In 2002, Maurice created a portrait of the famous New Zealand rugby player Jonah Lomu \u2013 made from slices of cocktail toast and measuring 2.4m x 2.4m. Jonah Lomu is one of the best-known living New Zealanders. He is recognised throughout Europe, South Africa, and Australia as one of the greatest sports personalities to come out of New Zealand. Michael Jackson, the international beer critic, beer writer, and brewing industry commentator. Mr Jackson is renowned for his books and articles on the subject of beer and brewing that appear in major publications throughout the world. A prominent New Zealand liquor retailer commissioned the work. In 2003, Maurice was commissioned to do a toast portrait of Dean Cain, the presenter for \u2018Ripley\u2019s Believe It or Not\u2019, a worldwide syndicated television programme. A segment on the show featured Maurice and his toast work. In a conversation with Cain, Maurice talked about what initially inspired him to take up toast as an artistic medium, his method of work, and how he has been stimulated by Pacific motifs. Buttercup Bakeries, a division of Goodman Fielders Australian Ltd, commissioned Maurice to make a large toast billboard. He used 2989 slices of Wonder white bread, toasted, to create an image of the international female impersonator Dame Edna Everage.", "Jonah Lomu Rugby Jonah Lomu Rugby is a video game released in 1997. It was developed by Rage Software and published by Codemasters. It was released on DOS, PlayStation and Sega Saturn. Its title is a reference to former All Blacks winger Jonah Lomu. Following the 2003 closure of Rage Software, several members of the game's development team went on to work on \"World Championship Rugby\". \"Jonah Lomu Rugby\" puts the player in control of real-life national rugby union teams from the 1995 Rugby World Cup, including the 16 finalists and 16 other teams that participated in the qualifying campaign. The game has support for up to four players. \"Jonah Lomu Rugby\" features five modes of gameplay: Friendly, World Cup, Tournament, Territories Cup and Classic Matches. The Friendly mode is a single exhibition game in which the player can play against computer-controlled or human opponents. The World Cup mode replicates the 1995 Rugby World Cup format, with the 16 teams arranged into the same four pools as in the real life tournament. Tournament mode is a knockout format contested by either 4, 8 or 16 teams. Territories Cup mode consists of leagues based around geographic location. The Five Nations and Tri Nations competitions feature the same teams competing in the real life equivalents, whilst the American Cup, Asian Cup and Pacific Cup each feature three teams from the areas. The Classic Matches mode consists of eight scenario matches based on real-life World Cup matches that the player joins in progress with the aim of obtaining a different result to that in real-life. Rage Software head Trevor Williams recounted, \"We wanted a game that stayed true to the rules, but was easy to pick up and play without a complete understanding of all the ins and outs.\" \"Jonah Lomu Rugby\" was the first rugby union game released on the Saturn or PlayStation platforms."], "answer": {"text": "Lomu played for the All Blacks in matches against the touring Samoa and Scotland teams in June 1996, scoring in one of the Scottish matches.", "answer_start": 439}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b35d8c1302b84647859fd950f020b261_1_q#1", "question": "Did anything else happen in 1996?", "rewrite": "Aside from the matches with the All Blacks in June of 1996, what else happened to Jonah Lomu in 1996?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Jonah Lomu Rugby Jonah Lomu Rugby is a video game released in 1997. It was developed by Rage Software and published by Codemasters. It was released on DOS, PlayStation and Sega Saturn. Its title is a reference to former All Blacks winger Jonah Lomu. Following the 2003 closure of Rage Software, several members of the game's development team went on to work on \"World Championship Rugby\". \"Jonah Lomu Rugby\" puts the player in control of real-life national rugby union teams from the 1995 Rugby World Cup, including the 16 finalists and 16 other teams that participated in the qualifying campaign. The game has support for up to four players. \"Jonah Lomu Rugby\" features five modes of gameplay: Friendly, World Cup, Tournament, Territories Cup and Classic Matches. The Friendly mode is a single exhibition game in which the player can play against computer-controlled or human opponents. The World Cup mode replicates the 1995 Rugby World Cup format, with the 16 teams arranged into the same four pools as in the real life tournament. Tournament mode is a knockout format contested by either 4, 8 or 16 teams. Territories Cup mode consists of leagues based around geographic location. The Five Nations and Tri Nations competitions feature the same teams competing in the real life equivalents, whilst the American Cup, Asian Cup and Pacific Cup each feature three teams from the areas. The Classic Matches mode consists of eight scenario matches based on real-life World Cup matches that the player joins in progress with the aim of obtaining a different result to that in real-life. Rage Software head Trevor Williams recounted, \"We wanted a game that stayed true to the rules, but was easy to pick up and play without a complete understanding of all the ins and outs.\" \"Jonah Lomu Rugby\" was the first rugby union game released on the Saturn or PlayStation platforms.", "List of international rugby union tries by Jonah Lomu Jonah Lomu was an international rugby union winger who played for New Zealand between 1994 and 2002. He scored a total of 37 tries in 63 international appearances, which make him the sixth highest try scorer for New Zealand and the eighteenth highest on the all-time list. Lomu held alone the record for the most tries scored in the Rugby World Cup (15 in 11 matches at the 1995 and 1999 tournaments), until South Africa's Bryan Habana equalled his tally at the 2015 tournament. Lomu made his debut for New Zealand in June 1994 against France. He scored his first international try in his third appearance, scoring twice against Ireland in New Zealand's opening game of the 1995 Rugby World Cup. This was followed with a try against Scotland in the quarter-finals and four tries against England in the semi-finals\u2014the most Lomu would score in a single match. He was, however, unable to score a try in the final, as South Africa beat New Zealand to win the trophy. Lomu played 13 times against South Africa during his career, but failed to score a try against them. The only other \"Tier 1\" national team against which Lomu did not score a try was Wales. Lomu finished 1995 with 12 international tries, his highest tally in a single year. After two tries in 1996, including one in the inaugural Tri Nations Series, Lomu was unable to score in three appearances during 1997. At the 1999 Rugby World Cup, he scored in each of New Zealand's group stage matches against Tonga, England and Italy. He followed this with a try against Scotland in the quarter-finals and two tries in the semi-finals, as New Zealand lost to France.", "He was born to Samoan immigrant parents, and grew up playing rugby league. Umaga played for the Wainuiomata Lions and rose through the ranks, making the Wellington U-16 and U-17 sides, and was eventually named in the Junior Kiwi side of 1991.The side also featured future National Rugby League stars Joe Vagana, Ruben Wiki and Gene Ngamu. That same year he signed with the Newcastle Knights but within three weeks was back on the plane to New Zealand because of homesickness. He never did play a First-Grade NSWRL Premiership game. In 1993 Tana's brother Mike, who played rugby union for Manu Samoa, persuaded him to take up rugby union in 1994. The brothers played on opposite teams in a Test match between Samoa and New Zealand in 1999 during which Tana scored two tries (the All Blacks won 71\u201313). Umaga played wing for the Wellington Lions in 1994 and quickly became a fixture in the starting line-up alongside his brother who also played on the wing. Umaga scored more tries than any other player within the team for three successive years, and in 1996 was selected for the original Hurricanes squad. In his second season playing for the Hurricanes he scored a New Zealand record of 12 tries (now broken by Rico Gear) and earned a call up to the national team at the expense of an ill Jonah Lomu. He scored a try in his debut test match. With Jonah Lomu regaining his fitness, coupled with a drop in form, Umaga was dropped from the All Blacks until the 1999 season. To accommodate outside backs Umaga, Lomu, Wilson and Cullen 1996\u201399 All Black coach John Hart moved Fullback Christian Cullen into the midfield. With a new coach in Wayne Smith Tana Umaga became the regular wing in the All Blacks line-up.", "Due to rival game, Rugby World Cup 2011, the official strip/emblem/stadium/player likenesses of England, South Africa and France, and the official strip/emblem/stadium of Wales, Scotland, Ireland and Italy will not be included within the game. However, due to Top 14, Aviva Premiership and RaboDirect Pro12 licenses the players of these countries will be included within the game (England, France, Ireland, Wales, Scotland and Italy). Rugby legend Jonah Lomu has also lent his likeness and expertise to the game, the European game will feature him on the cover, and the game will be called Jonah Lomu Rugby Challenge. \"Rugby Challenge\" features 14 New Zealand stadiums, 6 Australian stadiums, 5 South African stadiums and 6 European stadiums. Rugby Challenge received mixed to positive reviews by critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the PS3 version of the game received a 64/100 rating, while the Xbox 360 was better reviewed, with a 73/100 rating. GameSpot commented that \"inconsistent presentation and licensing issues trip up Rugby Challenge's run for the try line, but enjoyable gameplay and a wealth of modes give it a decent chance at life beyond the World Cup,\" giving the game a 65 over 100. \"Rugby Challenge 2\" was announced on 20 March 2013, the sequel is set for release midyear 2013 for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and PC. It is going to be Rugby Challenge 2: The Lions Tour Edition in most regions, apart from France where it is known as Jonah Lomu Rugby Challenge 2, and New Zealand, where it is to be called All Blacks Rugby Challenge 2.", "Jonah (2019 TV mini series) Jonah is a 2019 biographical two-part mini film series that chronicles the life, career and death of former All Blacks winger, Jonah Lomu, especially revolving around 1994-1996, the rapid rise and fall of his rugby career. It is directed by Danny Mulherson, and stars Tongan-Kiwi actor Mosese Veaila as the protagonist, and Craig Hall former All Blacks and current Warriors team doctor, Dr. John Mayhew, and Kelson Henderson stars as Phil Kingsley Jones, Lomu's former manager. It aired on TV Three on August 18 and 19, 2019, and is also available On Demand for one year. It is the first feature-film-length mini series to feature Samoan dialogues. The story begins in 1996 after Lomu's meteoric rise to the sporting world, where footages of Jonah Lomu trampling Mike Catt marked his first major moment that launched him to international super-stardom. It helped him move his partner, Tanya Rutter, from South Africa to New Zealand, who later became his first wife. However, his immediate playing future in New Zealand is unknown, and with the debut of Super 12, he signed to join Eric Rush back in Auckland Blues. Moments after signing his first contract, Lomu found blood in his urine, which signalled his first sign of his health troubles ahead. The movie then had a flashback in South Auckland in 1987, where a rapidly-growing Jonah (12) grew out of his church uniform that he just got from last week, and much like devout Christians, Jonah has been taught to never wander outdoors and play or work on Sabbath Sundays, but their cousin, Drew, managed to lure him away to hang out with his bicycle gang, where Jonah managed to steal a bicycle of his own from a motorbike gang leader."], "answer": {"text": "Following the World Cup New Zealand played Australia home and away for the Bledisloe Cup with Lomu scoring tries in both matches.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "in regards to Jonah Lomu what happened in 1996?", "answer": {"text": "Lomu played for the All Blacks in matches against the touring Samoa and Scotland teams in June 1996, scoring in one of the Scottish matches.", "answer_start": 439, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b35d8c1302b84647859fd950f020b261_1_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Aside from his matches in 1996 are there any other interesting aspects about Jonah Lomu in this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["List of international rugby union tries by Jonah Lomu Jonah Lomu was an international rugby union winger who played for New Zealand between 1994 and 2002. He scored a total of 37 tries in 63 international appearances, which make him the sixth highest try scorer for New Zealand and the eighteenth highest on the all-time list. Lomu held alone the record for the most tries scored in the Rugby World Cup (15 in 11 matches at the 1995 and 1999 tournaments), until South Africa's Bryan Habana equalled his tally at the 2015 tournament. Lomu made his debut for New Zealand in June 1994 against France. He scored his first international try in his third appearance, scoring twice against Ireland in New Zealand's opening game of the 1995 Rugby World Cup. This was followed with a try against Scotland in the quarter-finals and four tries against England in the semi-finals\u2014the most Lomu would score in a single match. He was, however, unable to score a try in the final, as South Africa beat New Zealand to win the trophy. Lomu played 13 times against South Africa during his career, but failed to score a try against them. The only other \"Tier 1\" national team against which Lomu did not score a try was Wales. Lomu finished 1995 with 12 international tries, his highest tally in a single year. After two tries in 1996, including one in the inaugural Tri Nations Series, Lomu was unable to score in three appearances during 1997. At the 1999 Rugby World Cup, he scored in each of New Zealand's group stage matches against Tonga, England and Italy. He followed this with a try against Scotland in the quarter-finals and two tries in the semi-finals, as New Zealand lost to France.", "Maurice Bennett Maurice Bennett was an artist in New Zealand who used toast as an artistic medium in mosaic. The billboard-size images are made up in pixel form, using a slice of toast for each pixel. The toast is soaked in polyurethane to preserve the artwork. His portraits include Mona Lisa, Elvis Presley, US President Barack Obama, Mayor of Wellington Mark Blumsky, and rugby player Jonah Lomu. His work has been featured on Ripley's Believe It or Not. Bennett died of cancer on June 6, 2016 in Wellington, NZ. In 2002, Maurice created a portrait of the famous New Zealand rugby player Jonah Lomu \u2013 made from slices of cocktail toast and measuring 2.4m x 2.4m. Jonah Lomu is one of the best-known living New Zealanders. He is recognised throughout Europe, South Africa, and Australia as one of the greatest sports personalities to come out of New Zealand. Michael Jackson, the international beer critic, beer writer, and brewing industry commentator. Mr Jackson is renowned for his books and articles on the subject of beer and brewing that appear in major publications throughout the world. A prominent New Zealand liquor retailer commissioned the work. In 2003, Maurice was commissioned to do a toast portrait of Dean Cain, the presenter for \u2018Ripley\u2019s Believe It or Not\u2019, a worldwide syndicated television programme. A segment on the show featured Maurice and his toast work. In a conversation with Cain, Maurice talked about what initially inspired him to take up toast as an artistic medium, his method of work, and how he has been stimulated by Pacific motifs. Buttercup Bakeries, a division of Goodman Fielders Australian Ltd, commissioned Maurice to make a large toast billboard. He used 2989 slices of Wonder white bread, toasted, to create an image of the international female impersonator Dame Edna Everage.", "Australian winger Damien Smith suffered an injury in the first half of the second Bledisloe Cup Test of 1995, allowing Campese to play his 92nd Test for Australia, coming off the bench as a substitute in the second half. This Test marked the first time Campese would oppose All Black winger Jonah Lomu. Former Australian fullback Matthew Burke recalls in \"Matthew Burke: A Football Life\" that: \"Jonah was just devastating, the real killer among the game's ball-runners at the time. The only chance of stopping a man of his power is to take him low \u2013 and it was in that Test that David Campese chopped Lomu down with a bootlace tackle. It was a dead-set one in a million event. Other times, Lomu ran around or over his rival winger. But on this occasion Campo felled him first time, later making the point coolly that it wasn't so difficult to stop the big fella.\" In \"Campo: Still Entertaining\" Campese reflects that, \"As chance would have it, Jonah got the ball in the opening stages of the second half and ran straight at me \u2026 I think I shut my eyes, but I tackled him. Later in the half he pushed me aside to score a try, but I could at least claim to have cut him down once. \" Following the Test Campese and Lomu met in the changing rooms and exchanged their jerseys. Lomu gave Campese his number 11 jersey while Campese gave Lomu his number 16 jersey. Campese's 92nd Test marked the last Test he would play in the amateur era. In 1996 Bob Dwyer was replaced as coach of the Australian rugby union team by Greg Smith. In \"Campo: Still Entertaining\" Campese writes that, \"It gave me some early hope of forcing my way back.", "Jonah Lomu Rugby Jonah Lomu Rugby is a video game released in 1997. It was developed by Rage Software and published by Codemasters. It was released on DOS, PlayStation and Sega Saturn. Its title is a reference to former All Blacks winger Jonah Lomu. Following the 2003 closure of Rage Software, several members of the game's development team went on to work on \"World Championship Rugby\". \"Jonah Lomu Rugby\" puts the player in control of real-life national rugby union teams from the 1995 Rugby World Cup, including the 16 finalists and 16 other teams that participated in the qualifying campaign. The game has support for up to four players. \"Jonah Lomu Rugby\" features five modes of gameplay: Friendly, World Cup, Tournament, Territories Cup and Classic Matches. The Friendly mode is a single exhibition game in which the player can play against computer-controlled or human opponents. The World Cup mode replicates the 1995 Rugby World Cup format, with the 16 teams arranged into the same four pools as in the real life tournament. Tournament mode is a knockout format contested by either 4, 8 or 16 teams. Territories Cup mode consists of leagues based around geographic location. The Five Nations and Tri Nations competitions feature the same teams competing in the real life equivalents, whilst the American Cup, Asian Cup and Pacific Cup each feature three teams from the areas. The Classic Matches mode consists of eight scenario matches based on real-life World Cup matches that the player joins in progress with the aim of obtaining a different result to that in real-life. Rage Software head Trevor Williams recounted, \"We wanted a game that stayed true to the rules, but was easy to pick up and play without a complete understanding of all the ins and outs.\" \"Jonah Lomu Rugby\" was the first rugby union game released on the Saturn or PlayStation platforms.", "Jonah (2019 TV mini series) Jonah is a 2019 biographical two-part mini film series that chronicles the life, career and death of former All Blacks winger, Jonah Lomu, especially revolving around 1994-1996, the rapid rise and fall of his rugby career. It is directed by Danny Mulherson, and stars Tongan-Kiwi actor Mosese Veaila as the protagonist, and Craig Hall former All Blacks and current Warriors team doctor, Dr. John Mayhew, and Kelson Henderson stars as Phil Kingsley Jones, Lomu's former manager. It aired on TV Three on August 18 and 19, 2019, and is also available On Demand for one year. It is the first feature-film-length mini series to feature Samoan dialogues. The story begins in 1996 after Lomu's meteoric rise to the sporting world, where footages of Jonah Lomu trampling Mike Catt marked his first major moment that launched him to international super-stardom. It helped him move his partner, Tanya Rutter, from South Africa to New Zealand, who later became his first wife. However, his immediate playing future in New Zealand is unknown, and with the debut of Super 12, he signed to join Eric Rush back in Auckland Blues. Moments after signing his first contract, Lomu found blood in his urine, which signalled his first sign of his health troubles ahead. The movie then had a flashback in South Auckland in 1987, where a rapidly-growing Jonah (12) grew out of his church uniform that he just got from last week, and much like devout Christians, Jonah has been taught to never wander outdoors and play or work on Sabbath Sundays, but their cousin, Drew, managed to lure him away to hang out with his bicycle gang, where Jonah managed to steal a bicycle of his own from a motorbike gang leader."], "answer": {"text": "At the end of 1996, he was diagnosed with a rare and serious kidney disorder, which saw him take time off from the sport.", "answer_start": 1082}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "in regards to Jonah Lomu what happened in 1996?", "answer": {"text": "Lomu played for the All Blacks in matches against the touring Samoa and Scotland teams in June 1996, scoring in one of the Scottish matches.", "answer_start": 439, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anything else happen in 1996?", "answer": {"text": "Following the World Cup New Zealand played Australia home and away for the Bledisloe Cup with Lomu scoring tries in both matches.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b35d8c1302b84647859fd950f020b261_1_q#3", "question": "How much time off did he have to take?", "rewrite": "How much time off did Jonah Lomu have to take off after his kidney disorder was diagnosed?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jonah (2019 TV mini series) Jonah is a 2019 biographical two-part mini film series that chronicles the life, career and death of former All Blacks winger, Jonah Lomu, especially revolving around 1994-1996, the rapid rise and fall of his rugby career. It is directed by Danny Mulherson, and stars Tongan-Kiwi actor Mosese Veaila as the protagonist, and Craig Hall former All Blacks and current Warriors team doctor, Dr. John Mayhew, and Kelson Henderson stars as Phil Kingsley Jones, Lomu's former manager. It aired on TV Three on August 18 and 19, 2019, and is also available On Demand for one year. It is the first feature-film-length mini series to feature Samoan dialogues. The story begins in 1996 after Lomu's meteoric rise to the sporting world, where footages of Jonah Lomu trampling Mike Catt marked his first major moment that launched him to international super-stardom. It helped him move his partner, Tanya Rutter, from South Africa to New Zealand, who later became his first wife. However, his immediate playing future in New Zealand is unknown, and with the debut of Super 12, he signed to join Eric Rush back in Auckland Blues. Moments after signing his first contract, Lomu found blood in his urine, which signalled his first sign of his health troubles ahead. The movie then had a flashback in South Auckland in 1987, where a rapidly-growing Jonah (12) grew out of his church uniform that he just got from last week, and much like devout Christians, Jonah has been taught to never wander outdoors and play or work on Sabbath Sundays, but their cousin, Drew, managed to lure him away to hang out with his bicycle gang, where Jonah managed to steal a bicycle of his own from a motorbike gang leader.", "List of international rugby union tries by Jonah Lomu Jonah Lomu was an international rugby union winger who played for New Zealand between 1994 and 2002. He scored a total of 37 tries in 63 international appearances, which make him the sixth highest try scorer for New Zealand and the eighteenth highest on the all-time list. Lomu held alone the record for the most tries scored in the Rugby World Cup (15 in 11 matches at the 1995 and 1999 tournaments), until South Africa's Bryan Habana equalled his tally at the 2015 tournament. Lomu made his debut for New Zealand in June 1994 against France. He scored his first international try in his third appearance, scoring twice against Ireland in New Zealand's opening game of the 1995 Rugby World Cup. This was followed with a try against Scotland in the quarter-finals and four tries against England in the semi-finals\u2014the most Lomu would score in a single match. He was, however, unable to score a try in the final, as South Africa beat New Zealand to win the trophy. Lomu played 13 times against South Africa during his career, but failed to score a try against them. The only other \"Tier 1\" national team against which Lomu did not score a try was Wales. Lomu finished 1995 with 12 international tries, his highest tally in a single year. After two tries in 1996, including one in the inaugural Tri Nations Series, Lomu was unable to score in three appearances during 1997. At the 1999 Rugby World Cup, he scored in each of New Zealand's group stage matches against Tonga, England and Italy. He followed this with a try against Scotland in the quarter-finals and two tries in the semi-finals, as New Zealand lost to France.", "Maurice Bennett Maurice Bennett was an artist in New Zealand who used toast as an artistic medium in mosaic. The billboard-size images are made up in pixel form, using a slice of toast for each pixel. The toast is soaked in polyurethane to preserve the artwork. His portraits include Mona Lisa, Elvis Presley, US President Barack Obama, Mayor of Wellington Mark Blumsky, and rugby player Jonah Lomu. His work has been featured on Ripley's Believe It or Not. Bennett died of cancer on June 6, 2016 in Wellington, NZ. In 2002, Maurice created a portrait of the famous New Zealand rugby player Jonah Lomu \u2013 made from slices of cocktail toast and measuring 2.4m x 2.4m. Jonah Lomu is one of the best-known living New Zealanders. He is recognised throughout Europe, South Africa, and Australia as one of the greatest sports personalities to come out of New Zealand. Michael Jackson, the international beer critic, beer writer, and brewing industry commentator. Mr Jackson is renowned for his books and articles on the subject of beer and brewing that appear in major publications throughout the world. A prominent New Zealand liquor retailer commissioned the work. In 2003, Maurice was commissioned to do a toast portrait of Dean Cain, the presenter for \u2018Ripley\u2019s Believe It or Not\u2019, a worldwide syndicated television programme. A segment on the show featured Maurice and his toast work. In a conversation with Cain, Maurice talked about what initially inspired him to take up toast as an artistic medium, his method of work, and how he has been stimulated by Pacific motifs. Buttercup Bakeries, a division of Goodman Fielders Australian Ltd, commissioned Maurice to make a large toast billboard. He used 2989 slices of Wonder white bread, toasted, to create an image of the international female impersonator Dame Edna Everage.", "Jonah Lomu Rugby Jonah Lomu Rugby is a video game released in 1997. It was developed by Rage Software and published by Codemasters. It was released on DOS, PlayStation and Sega Saturn. Its title is a reference to former All Blacks winger Jonah Lomu. Following the 2003 closure of Rage Software, several members of the game's development team went on to work on \"World Championship Rugby\". \"Jonah Lomu Rugby\" puts the player in control of real-life national rugby union teams from the 1995 Rugby World Cup, including the 16 finalists and 16 other teams that participated in the qualifying campaign. The game has support for up to four players. \"Jonah Lomu Rugby\" features five modes of gameplay: Friendly, World Cup, Tournament, Territories Cup and Classic Matches. The Friendly mode is a single exhibition game in which the player can play against computer-controlled or human opponents. The World Cup mode replicates the 1995 Rugby World Cup format, with the 16 teams arranged into the same four pools as in the real life tournament. Tournament mode is a knockout format contested by either 4, 8 or 16 teams. Territories Cup mode consists of leagues based around geographic location. The Five Nations and Tri Nations competitions feature the same teams competing in the real life equivalents, whilst the American Cup, Asian Cup and Pacific Cup each feature three teams from the areas. The Classic Matches mode consists of eight scenario matches based on real-life World Cup matches that the player joins in progress with the aim of obtaining a different result to that in real-life. Rage Software head Trevor Williams recounted, \"We wanted a game that stayed true to the rules, but was easy to pick up and play without a complete understanding of all the ins and outs.\" \"Jonah Lomu Rugby\" was the first rugby union game released on the Saturn or PlayStation platforms.", "For many years the most capped test All Black was Sean Fitzpatrick, with 92 appearances. He played in the 1987 World Cup after incumbent Andy Dalton was injured, and was appointed All Blacks captain in 1992, continuing in the role until his retirement in 1997. He played 346 first class rugby matches. Jonah Lomu is generally regarded as the first true global superstar of rugby union. He was the youngest player ever to appear in a test as an All Black, making his debut at age 19 years, 45 days in 1994. Lomu, a wing, had unique physical gifts; even though he stood 1.96 m (6 ft 5 in) and weighed 119 kg (262 lb), making him both the tallest and heaviest back ever to play for New Zealand, he could run 100 metres in under 11 seconds. He burst on the international scene in the 1995 Rugby World Cup, scoring seven tries in the competition. Four of those tries came in New Zealand' semifinal win over England, including an iconic try in which he bulldozed England's Mike Catt on his way to the try line. He added eight more tries in the 1999 Rugby World Cup. Perhaps most remarkably, Lomu played virtually his entire top-level career in the shadow of a serious kidney disorder which ended his test career in 2002 and ultimately led to a transplant in 2004. Even with his career hampered and eventually shortened by his health issues, he scored 37 tries in 63 tests. Lomu was inducted into the World Rugby Hall in October 2011, and was specifically recognised as one of four new inductees \"who had left an indelible mark on Rugby World Cup for their moments of magic, inspiration or feats\". The record for most test points for not only New Zealand, but any nation, is held by Dan Carter with 1,598 from 112 tests."], "answer": {"text": "he did not play in the 1997 Tri Nations Series, but he was included in the All Blacks tour of the northern hemisphere at the end of the year.", "answer_start": 1217}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "in regards to Jonah Lomu what happened in 1996?", "answer": {"text": "Lomu played for the All Blacks in matches against the touring Samoa and Scotland teams in June 1996, scoring in one of the Scottish matches.", "answer_start": 439, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anything else happen in 1996?", "answer": {"text": "Following the World Cup New Zealand played Australia home and away for the Bledisloe Cup with Lomu scoring tries in both matches.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "At the end of 1996, he was diagnosed with a rare and serious kidney disorder, which saw him take time off from the sport.", "answer_start": 1082, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b35d8c1302b84647859fd950f020b261_1_q#4", "question": "Did anything happen in 1997?", "rewrite": "In regards to Jonah Lomu did anything happen in 1997?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Jonah (2019 TV mini series) Jonah is a 2019 biographical two-part mini film series that chronicles the life, career and death of former All Blacks winger, Jonah Lomu, especially revolving around 1994-1996, the rapid rise and fall of his rugby career. It is directed by Danny Mulherson, and stars Tongan-Kiwi actor Mosese Veaila as the protagonist, and Craig Hall former All Blacks and current Warriors team doctor, Dr. John Mayhew, and Kelson Henderson stars as Phil Kingsley Jones, Lomu's former manager. It aired on TV Three on August 18 and 19, 2019, and is also available On Demand for one year. It is the first feature-film-length mini series to feature Samoan dialogues. The story begins in 1996 after Lomu's meteoric rise to the sporting world, where footages of Jonah Lomu trampling Mike Catt marked his first major moment that launched him to international super-stardom. It helped him move his partner, Tanya Rutter, from South Africa to New Zealand, who later became his first wife. However, his immediate playing future in New Zealand is unknown, and with the debut of Super 12, he signed to join Eric Rush back in Auckland Blues. Moments after signing his first contract, Lomu found blood in his urine, which signalled his first sign of his health troubles ahead. The movie then had a flashback in South Auckland in 1987, where a rapidly-growing Jonah (12) grew out of his church uniform that he just got from last week, and much like devout Christians, Jonah has been taught to never wander outdoors and play or work on Sabbath Sundays, but their cousin, Drew, managed to lure him away to hang out with his bicycle gang, where Jonah managed to steal a bicycle of his own from a motorbike gang leader.", "List of international rugby union tries by Jonah Lomu Jonah Lomu was an international rugby union winger who played for New Zealand between 1994 and 2002. He scored a total of 37 tries in 63 international appearances, which make him the sixth highest try scorer for New Zealand and the eighteenth highest on the all-time list. Lomu held alone the record for the most tries scored in the Rugby World Cup (15 in 11 matches at the 1995 and 1999 tournaments), until South Africa's Bryan Habana equalled his tally at the 2015 tournament. Lomu made his debut for New Zealand in June 1994 against France. He scored his first international try in his third appearance, scoring twice against Ireland in New Zealand's opening game of the 1995 Rugby World Cup. This was followed with a try against Scotland in the quarter-finals and four tries against England in the semi-finals\u2014the most Lomu would score in a single match. He was, however, unable to score a try in the final, as South Africa beat New Zealand to win the trophy. Lomu played 13 times against South Africa during his career, but failed to score a try against them. The only other \"Tier 1\" national team against which Lomu did not score a try was Wales. Lomu finished 1995 with 12 international tries, his highest tally in a single year. After two tries in 1996, including one in the inaugural Tri Nations Series, Lomu was unable to score in three appearances during 1997. At the 1999 Rugby World Cup, he scored in each of New Zealand's group stage matches against Tonga, England and Italy. He followed this with a try against Scotland in the quarter-finals and two tries in the semi-finals, as New Zealand lost to France.", "Maurice Bennett Maurice Bennett was an artist in New Zealand who used toast as an artistic medium in mosaic. The billboard-size images are made up in pixel form, using a slice of toast for each pixel. The toast is soaked in polyurethane to preserve the artwork. His portraits include Mona Lisa, Elvis Presley, US President Barack Obama, Mayor of Wellington Mark Blumsky, and rugby player Jonah Lomu. His work has been featured on Ripley's Believe It or Not. Bennett died of cancer on June 6, 2016 in Wellington, NZ. In 2002, Maurice created a portrait of the famous New Zealand rugby player Jonah Lomu \u2013 made from slices of cocktail toast and measuring 2.4m x 2.4m. Jonah Lomu is one of the best-known living New Zealanders. He is recognised throughout Europe, South Africa, and Australia as one of the greatest sports personalities to come out of New Zealand. Michael Jackson, the international beer critic, beer writer, and brewing industry commentator. Mr Jackson is renowned for his books and articles on the subject of beer and brewing that appear in major publications throughout the world. A prominent New Zealand liquor retailer commissioned the work. In 2003, Maurice was commissioned to do a toast portrait of Dean Cain, the presenter for \u2018Ripley\u2019s Believe It or Not\u2019, a worldwide syndicated television programme. A segment on the show featured Maurice and his toast work. In a conversation with Cain, Maurice talked about what initially inspired him to take up toast as an artistic medium, his method of work, and how he has been stimulated by Pacific motifs. Buttercup Bakeries, a division of Goodman Fielders Australian Ltd, commissioned Maurice to make a large toast billboard. He used 2989 slices of Wonder white bread, toasted, to create an image of the international female impersonator Dame Edna Everage.", "Jonah Lomu Rugby Jonah Lomu Rugby is a video game released in 1997. It was developed by Rage Software and published by Codemasters. It was released on DOS, PlayStation and Sega Saturn. Its title is a reference to former All Blacks winger Jonah Lomu. Following the 2003 closure of Rage Software, several members of the game's development team went on to work on \"World Championship Rugby\". \"Jonah Lomu Rugby\" puts the player in control of real-life national rugby union teams from the 1995 Rugby World Cup, including the 16 finalists and 16 other teams that participated in the qualifying campaign. The game has support for up to four players. \"Jonah Lomu Rugby\" features five modes of gameplay: Friendly, World Cup, Tournament, Territories Cup and Classic Matches. The Friendly mode is a single exhibition game in which the player can play against computer-controlled or human opponents. The World Cup mode replicates the 1995 Rugby World Cup format, with the 16 teams arranged into the same four pools as in the real life tournament. Tournament mode is a knockout format contested by either 4, 8 or 16 teams. Territories Cup mode consists of leagues based around geographic location. The Five Nations and Tri Nations competitions feature the same teams competing in the real life equivalents, whilst the American Cup, Asian Cup and Pacific Cup each feature three teams from the areas. The Classic Matches mode consists of eight scenario matches based on real-life World Cup matches that the player joins in progress with the aim of obtaining a different result to that in real-life. Rage Software head Trevor Williams recounted, \"We wanted a game that stayed true to the rules, but was easy to pick up and play without a complete understanding of all the ins and outs.\" \"Jonah Lomu Rugby\" was the first rugby union game released on the Saturn or PlayStation platforms.", "Due to rival game, Rugby World Cup 2011, the official strip/emblem/stadium/player likenesses of England, South Africa and France, and the official strip/emblem/stadium of Wales, Scotland, Ireland and Italy will not be included within the game. However, due to Top 14, Aviva Premiership and RaboDirect Pro12 licenses the players of these countries will be included within the game (England, France, Ireland, Wales, Scotland and Italy). Rugby legend Jonah Lomu has also lent his likeness and expertise to the game, the European game will feature him on the cover, and the game will be called Jonah Lomu Rugby Challenge. \"Rugby Challenge\" features 14 New Zealand stadiums, 6 Australian stadiums, 5 South African stadiums and 6 European stadiums. Rugby Challenge received mixed to positive reviews by critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the PS3 version of the game received a 64/100 rating, while the Xbox 360 was better reviewed, with a 73/100 rating. GameSpot commented that \"inconsistent presentation and licensing issues trip up Rugby Challenge's run for the try line, but enjoyable gameplay and a wealth of modes give it a decent chance at life beyond the World Cup,\" giving the game a 65 over 100. \"Rugby Challenge 2\" was announced on 20 March 2013, the sequel is set for release midyear 2013 for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and PC. It is going to be Rugby Challenge 2: The Lions Tour Edition in most regions, apart from France where it is known as Jonah Lomu Rugby Challenge 2, and New Zealand, where it is to be called All Blacks Rugby Challenge 2."], "answer": {"text": "Lomu played in the two warm up matches, scoring tries against Wales 'A' and Emerging England.", "answer_start": 1359}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "in regards to Jonah Lomu what happened in 1996?", "answer": {"text": "Lomu played for the All Blacks in matches against the touring Samoa and Scotland teams in June 1996, scoring in one of the Scottish matches.", "answer_start": 439, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anything else happen in 1996?", "answer": {"text": "Following the World Cup New Zealand played Australia home and away for the Bledisloe Cup with Lomu scoring tries in both matches.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "At the end of 1996, he was diagnosed with a rare and serious kidney disorder, which saw him take time off from the sport.", "answer_start": 1082, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How much time off did he have to take?", "answer": {"text": "he did not play in the 1997 Tri Nations Series, but he was included in the All Blacks tour of the northern hemisphere at the end of the year.", "answer_start": 1217, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b35d8c1302b84647859fd950f020b261_1_q#5", "question": "Did he play in 1998?", "rewrite": "Did Jonah Lomu play in 1998?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Due to rival game, Rugby World Cup 2011, the official strip/emblem/stadium/player likenesses of England, South Africa and France, and the official strip/emblem/stadium of Wales, Scotland, Ireland and Italy will not be included within the game. However, due to Top 14, Aviva Premiership and RaboDirect Pro12 licenses the players of these countries will be included within the game (England, France, Ireland, Wales, Scotland and Italy). Rugby legend Jonah Lomu has also lent his likeness and expertise to the game, the European game will feature him on the cover, and the game will be called Jonah Lomu Rugby Challenge. \"Rugby Challenge\" features 14 New Zealand stadiums, 6 Australian stadiums, 5 South African stadiums and 6 European stadiums. Rugby Challenge received mixed to positive reviews by critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the PS3 version of the game received a 64/100 rating, while the Xbox 360 was better reviewed, with a 73/100 rating. GameSpot commented that \"inconsistent presentation and licensing issues trip up Rugby Challenge's run for the try line, but enjoyable gameplay and a wealth of modes give it a decent chance at life beyond the World Cup,\" giving the game a 65 over 100. \"Rugby Challenge 2\" was announced on 20 March 2013, the sequel is set for release midyear 2013 for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and PC. It is going to be Rugby Challenge 2: The Lions Tour Edition in most regions, apart from France where it is known as Jonah Lomu Rugby Challenge 2, and New Zealand, where it is to be called All Blacks Rugby Challenge 2.", "Jonah Lomu Rugby Jonah Lomu Rugby is a video game released in 1997. It was developed by Rage Software and published by Codemasters. It was released on DOS, PlayStation and Sega Saturn. Its title is a reference to former All Blacks winger Jonah Lomu. Following the 2003 closure of Rage Software, several members of the game's development team went on to work on \"World Championship Rugby\". \"Jonah Lomu Rugby\" puts the player in control of real-life national rugby union teams from the 1995 Rugby World Cup, including the 16 finalists and 16 other teams that participated in the qualifying campaign. The game has support for up to four players. \"Jonah Lomu Rugby\" features five modes of gameplay: Friendly, World Cup, Tournament, Territories Cup and Classic Matches. The Friendly mode is a single exhibition game in which the player can play against computer-controlled or human opponents. The World Cup mode replicates the 1995 Rugby World Cup format, with the 16 teams arranged into the same four pools as in the real life tournament. Tournament mode is a knockout format contested by either 4, 8 or 16 teams. Territories Cup mode consists of leagues based around geographic location. The Five Nations and Tri Nations competitions feature the same teams competing in the real life equivalents, whilst the American Cup, Asian Cup and Pacific Cup each feature three teams from the areas. The Classic Matches mode consists of eight scenario matches based on real-life World Cup matches that the player joins in progress with the aim of obtaining a different result to that in real-life. Rage Software head Trevor Williams recounted, \"We wanted a game that stayed true to the rules, but was easy to pick up and play without a complete understanding of all the ins and outs.\" \"Jonah Lomu Rugby\" was the first rugby union game released on the Saturn or PlayStation platforms.", "Maurice Bennett Maurice Bennett was an artist in New Zealand who used toast as an artistic medium in mosaic. The billboard-size images are made up in pixel form, using a slice of toast for each pixel. The toast is soaked in polyurethane to preserve the artwork. His portraits include Mona Lisa, Elvis Presley, US President Barack Obama, Mayor of Wellington Mark Blumsky, and rugby player Jonah Lomu. His work has been featured on Ripley's Believe It or Not. Bennett died of cancer on June 6, 2016 in Wellington, NZ. In 2002, Maurice created a portrait of the famous New Zealand rugby player Jonah Lomu \u2013 made from slices of cocktail toast and measuring 2.4m x 2.4m. Jonah Lomu is one of the best-known living New Zealanders. He is recognised throughout Europe, South Africa, and Australia as one of the greatest sports personalities to come out of New Zealand. Michael Jackson, the international beer critic, beer writer, and brewing industry commentator. Mr Jackson is renowned for his books and articles on the subject of beer and brewing that appear in major publications throughout the world. A prominent New Zealand liquor retailer commissioned the work. In 2003, Maurice was commissioned to do a toast portrait of Dean Cain, the presenter for \u2018Ripley\u2019s Believe It or Not\u2019, a worldwide syndicated television programme. A segment on the show featured Maurice and his toast work. In a conversation with Cain, Maurice talked about what initially inspired him to take up toast as an artistic medium, his method of work, and how he has been stimulated by Pacific motifs. Buttercup Bakeries, a division of Goodman Fielders Australian Ltd, commissioned Maurice to make a large toast billboard. He used 2989 slices of Wonder white bread, toasted, to create an image of the international female impersonator Dame Edna Everage.", "Jonah (2019 TV mini series) Jonah is a 2019 biographical two-part mini film series that chronicles the life, career and death of former All Blacks winger, Jonah Lomu, especially revolving around 1994-1996, the rapid rise and fall of his rugby career. It is directed by Danny Mulherson, and stars Tongan-Kiwi actor Mosese Veaila as the protagonist, and Craig Hall former All Blacks and current Warriors team doctor, Dr. John Mayhew, and Kelson Henderson stars as Phil Kingsley Jones, Lomu's former manager. It aired on TV Three on August 18 and 19, 2019, and is also available On Demand for one year. It is the first feature-film-length mini series to feature Samoan dialogues. The story begins in 1996 after Lomu's meteoric rise to the sporting world, where footages of Jonah Lomu trampling Mike Catt marked his first major moment that launched him to international super-stardom. It helped him move his partner, Tanya Rutter, from South Africa to New Zealand, who later became his first wife. However, his immediate playing future in New Zealand is unknown, and with the debut of Super 12, he signed to join Eric Rush back in Auckland Blues. Moments after signing his first contract, Lomu found blood in his urine, which signalled his first sign of his health troubles ahead. The movie then had a flashback in South Auckland in 1987, where a rapidly-growing Jonah (12) grew out of his church uniform that he just got from last week, and much like devout Christians, Jonah has been taught to never wander outdoors and play or work on Sabbath Sundays, but their cousin, Drew, managed to lure him away to hang out with his bicycle gang, where Jonah managed to steal a bicycle of his own from a motorbike gang leader.", "List of international rugby union tries by Jonah Lomu Jonah Lomu was an international rugby union winger who played for New Zealand between 1994 and 2002. He scored a total of 37 tries in 63 international appearances, which make him the sixth highest try scorer for New Zealand and the eighteenth highest on the all-time list. Lomu held alone the record for the most tries scored in the Rugby World Cup (15 in 11 matches at the 1995 and 1999 tournaments), until South Africa's Bryan Habana equalled his tally at the 2015 tournament. Lomu made his debut for New Zealand in June 1994 against France. He scored his first international try in his third appearance, scoring twice against Ireland in New Zealand's opening game of the 1995 Rugby World Cup. This was followed with a try against Scotland in the quarter-finals and four tries against England in the semi-finals\u2014the most Lomu would score in a single match. He was, however, unable to score a try in the final, as South Africa beat New Zealand to win the trophy. Lomu played 13 times against South Africa during his career, but failed to score a try against them. The only other \"Tier 1\" national team against which Lomu did not score a try was Wales. Lomu finished 1995 with 12 international tries, his highest tally in a single year. After two tries in 1996, including one in the inaugural Tri Nations Series, Lomu was unable to score in three appearances during 1997. At the 1999 Rugby World Cup, he scored in each of New Zealand's group stage matches against Tonga, England and Italy. He followed this with a try against Scotland in the quarter-finals and two tries in the semi-finals, as New Zealand lost to France."], "answer": {"text": "At the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, he won a gold medal representing New Zealand in the Sevens Rugby event.", "answer_start": 1647}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "in regards to Jonah Lomu what happened in 1996?", "answer": {"text": "Lomu played for the All Blacks in matches against the touring Samoa and Scotland teams in June 1996, scoring in one of the Scottish matches.", "answer_start": 439, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anything else happen in 1996?", "answer": {"text": "Following the World Cup New Zealand played Australia home and away for the Bledisloe Cup with Lomu scoring tries in both matches.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "At the end of 1996, he was diagnosed with a rare and serious kidney disorder, which saw him take time off from the sport.", "answer_start": 1082, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How much time off did he have to take?", "answer": {"text": "he did not play in the 1997 Tri Nations Series, but he was included in the All Blacks tour of the northern hemisphere at the end of the year.", "answer_start": 1217, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anything happen in 1997?", "answer": {"text": "Lomu played in the two warm up matches, scoring tries against Wales 'A' and Emerging England.", "answer_start": 1359, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b35d8c1302b84647859fd950f020b261_1_q#7", "question": "What happened when he returned to playing after his illness?", "rewrite": "What happened when Jonah Lomu returned to playing after his illness?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of international rugby union tries by Jonah Lomu Jonah Lomu was an international rugby union winger who played for New Zealand between 1994 and 2002. He scored a total of 37 tries in 63 international appearances, which make him the sixth highest try scorer for New Zealand and the eighteenth highest on the all-time list. Lomu held alone the record for the most tries scored in the Rugby World Cup (15 in 11 matches at the 1995 and 1999 tournaments), until South Africa's Bryan Habana equalled his tally at the 2015 tournament. Lomu made his debut for New Zealand in June 1994 against France. He scored his first international try in his third appearance, scoring twice against Ireland in New Zealand's opening game of the 1995 Rugby World Cup. This was followed with a try against Scotland in the quarter-finals and four tries against England in the semi-finals\u2014the most Lomu would score in a single match. He was, however, unable to score a try in the final, as South Africa beat New Zealand to win the trophy. Lomu played 13 times against South Africa during his career, but failed to score a try against them. The only other \"Tier 1\" national team against which Lomu did not score a try was Wales. Lomu finished 1995 with 12 international tries, his highest tally in a single year. After two tries in 1996, including one in the inaugural Tri Nations Series, Lomu was unable to score in three appearances during 1997. At the 1999 Rugby World Cup, he scored in each of New Zealand's group stage matches against Tonga, England and Italy. He followed this with a try against Scotland in the quarter-finals and two tries in the semi-finals, as New Zealand lost to France.", "Due to rival game, Rugby World Cup 2011, the official strip/emblem/stadium/player likenesses of England, South Africa and France, and the official strip/emblem/stadium of Wales, Scotland, Ireland and Italy will not be included within the game. However, due to Top 14, Aviva Premiership and RaboDirect Pro12 licenses the players of these countries will be included within the game (England, France, Ireland, Wales, Scotland and Italy). Rugby legend Jonah Lomu has also lent his likeness and expertise to the game, the European game will feature him on the cover, and the game will be called Jonah Lomu Rugby Challenge. \"Rugby Challenge\" features 14 New Zealand stadiums, 6 Australian stadiums, 5 South African stadiums and 6 European stadiums. Rugby Challenge received mixed to positive reviews by critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the PS3 version of the game received a 64/100 rating, while the Xbox 360 was better reviewed, with a 73/100 rating. GameSpot commented that \"inconsistent presentation and licensing issues trip up Rugby Challenge's run for the try line, but enjoyable gameplay and a wealth of modes give it a decent chance at life beyond the World Cup,\" giving the game a 65 over 100. \"Rugby Challenge 2\" was announced on 20 March 2013, the sequel is set for release midyear 2013 for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and PC. It is going to be Rugby Challenge 2: The Lions Tour Edition in most regions, apart from France where it is known as Jonah Lomu Rugby Challenge 2, and New Zealand, where it is to be called All Blacks Rugby Challenge 2.", "Jonah (2019 TV mini series) Jonah is a 2019 biographical two-part mini film series that chronicles the life, career and death of former All Blacks winger, Jonah Lomu, especially revolving around 1994-1996, the rapid rise and fall of his rugby career. It is directed by Danny Mulherson, and stars Tongan-Kiwi actor Mosese Veaila as the protagonist, and Craig Hall former All Blacks and current Warriors team doctor, Dr. John Mayhew, and Kelson Henderson stars as Phil Kingsley Jones, Lomu's former manager. It aired on TV Three on August 18 and 19, 2019, and is also available On Demand for one year. It is the first feature-film-length mini series to feature Samoan dialogues. The story begins in 1996 after Lomu's meteoric rise to the sporting world, where footages of Jonah Lomu trampling Mike Catt marked his first major moment that launched him to international super-stardom. It helped him move his partner, Tanya Rutter, from South Africa to New Zealand, who later became his first wife. However, his immediate playing future in New Zealand is unknown, and with the debut of Super 12, he signed to join Eric Rush back in Auckland Blues. Moments after signing his first contract, Lomu found blood in his urine, which signalled his first sign of his health troubles ahead. The movie then had a flashback in South Auckland in 1987, where a rapidly-growing Jonah (12) grew out of his church uniform that he just got from last week, and much like devout Christians, Jonah has been taught to never wander outdoors and play or work on Sabbath Sundays, but their cousin, Drew, managed to lure him away to hang out with his bicycle gang, where Jonah managed to steal a bicycle of his own from a motorbike gang leader.", "Jonah Lomu Rugby Jonah Lomu Rugby is a video game released in 1997. It was developed by Rage Software and published by Codemasters. It was released on DOS, PlayStation and Sega Saturn. Its title is a reference to former All Blacks winger Jonah Lomu. Following the 2003 closure of Rage Software, several members of the game's development team went on to work on \"World Championship Rugby\". \"Jonah Lomu Rugby\" puts the player in control of real-life national rugby union teams from the 1995 Rugby World Cup, including the 16 finalists and 16 other teams that participated in the qualifying campaign. The game has support for up to four players. \"Jonah Lomu Rugby\" features five modes of gameplay: Friendly, World Cup, Tournament, Territories Cup and Classic Matches. The Friendly mode is a single exhibition game in which the player can play against computer-controlled or human opponents. The World Cup mode replicates the 1995 Rugby World Cup format, with the 16 teams arranged into the same four pools as in the real life tournament. Tournament mode is a knockout format contested by either 4, 8 or 16 teams. Territories Cup mode consists of leagues based around geographic location. The Five Nations and Tri Nations competitions feature the same teams competing in the real life equivalents, whilst the American Cup, Asian Cup and Pacific Cup each feature three teams from the areas. The Classic Matches mode consists of eight scenario matches based on real-life World Cup matches that the player joins in progress with the aim of obtaining a different result to that in real-life. Rage Software head Trevor Williams recounted, \"We wanted a game that stayed true to the rules, but was easy to pick up and play without a complete understanding of all the ins and outs.\" \"Jonah Lomu Rugby\" was the first rugby union game released on the Saturn or PlayStation platforms.", "Maurice Bennett Maurice Bennett was an artist in New Zealand who used toast as an artistic medium in mosaic. The billboard-size images are made up in pixel form, using a slice of toast for each pixel. The toast is soaked in polyurethane to preserve the artwork. His portraits include Mona Lisa, Elvis Presley, US President Barack Obama, Mayor of Wellington Mark Blumsky, and rugby player Jonah Lomu. His work has been featured on Ripley's Believe It or Not. Bennett died of cancer on June 6, 2016 in Wellington, NZ. In 2002, Maurice created a portrait of the famous New Zealand rugby player Jonah Lomu \u2013 made from slices of cocktail toast and measuring 2.4m x 2.4m. Jonah Lomu is one of the best-known living New Zealanders. He is recognised throughout Europe, South Africa, and Australia as one of the greatest sports personalities to come out of New Zealand. Michael Jackson, the international beer critic, beer writer, and brewing industry commentator. Mr Jackson is renowned for his books and articles on the subject of beer and brewing that appear in major publications throughout the world. A prominent New Zealand liquor retailer commissioned the work. In 2003, Maurice was commissioned to do a toast portrait of Dean Cain, the presenter for \u2018Ripley\u2019s Believe It or Not\u2019, a worldwide syndicated television programme. A segment on the show featured Maurice and his toast work. In a conversation with Cain, Maurice talked about what initially inspired him to take up toast as an artistic medium, his method of work, and how he has been stimulated by Pacific motifs. Buttercup Bakeries, a division of Goodman Fielders Australian Ltd, commissioned Maurice to make a large toast billboard. He used 2989 slices of Wonder white bread, toasted, to create an image of the international female impersonator Dame Edna Everage."], "answer": {"text": "Lomu played in both of the matches, scoring in the first, which was a 64-22 win in Dunedin, but not in the second test won 40-10 by the All Blacks.", "answer_start": 85}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "in regards to Jonah Lomu what happened in 1996?", "answer": {"text": "Lomu played for the All Blacks in matches against the touring Samoa and Scotland teams in June 1996, scoring in one of the Scottish matches.", "answer_start": 439, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anything else happen in 1996?", "answer": {"text": "Following the World Cup New Zealand played Australia home and away for the Bledisloe Cup with Lomu scoring tries in both matches.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "At the end of 1996, he was diagnosed with a rare and serious kidney disorder, which saw him take time off from the sport.", "answer_start": 1082, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How much time off did he have to take?", "answer": {"text": "he did not play in the 1997 Tri Nations Series, but he was included in the All Blacks tour of the northern hemisphere at the end of the year.", "answer_start": 1217, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anything happen in 1997?", "answer": {"text": "Lomu played in the two warm up matches, scoring tries against Wales 'A' and Emerging England.", "answer_start": 1359, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play in 1998?", "answer": {"text": "At the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, he won a gold medal representing New Zealand in the Sevens Rugby event.", "answer_start": 1647, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any other medals or trophies in any other year during 1996-1998?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4f6affe551424ea499b2288b6b629ecc_0_q#0", "question": "When did Ruhollah Khomeini die?", "rewrite": "When did Ruhollah Khomeini die?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini The Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini (Persian: \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc), also referred to as the holy shrine (\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631), houses the tombs of the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, his wife Khadijeh Saqafi, and his second son Ahmad Khomeini; and some political figures, such as former President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former Vice President Hassan Habibi, Lieutenant General Ali Sayad Shirazi, Iranian Revolution figure Sadeq Tabatabaei, and MP Marzieh Hadidchi. The mausoleum is located to the south of Tehran in the Behesht-e Zahra (Paradise of Zahra) cemetery. Construction commenced in 1989 following Khomeini's death on June 3 of that year. It is still under construction, but when completed will be the centerpiece in a complex spread over , housing a cultural and tourist center, a university for Islamic studies, a seminary, a shopping mall, and a 20,000-car parking lot. The Iranian government has reportedly devoted 2 billion US dollars to this development. The site is a place of pilgrimage for followers of Khomeini. It is used symbolically by government figures, and is on occasion visited by foreign dignitaries. Every year, Khomeini's death anniversary is marked on 4 June at the mausoleum in a ceremony that is attended by governmental officials, foreign ambassadors, and others. Khomeini's grandson Ayatollah Seyyed Hassan Khomeini is in charge of caring for the mausoleum. The Haram-e Motahhar Metro Station is the closest metro station to the mausoleum.", "Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile refers to the period that Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini spent from 1964 to 1979 in Turkey, Iraq and France, after Mohamed Reza Shah Pahlavi had arrested him twice for dissent from his \u201cWhite Revolution\u201d announced in 1963. Ayatollah Khomeini was invited back to Iran by the government,and returned to Tehran from exile on 1979. On 4 November 1964, Khomeini was secretly taken to Ankara and then to Bursa, Turkey. On 5 September 1965, he moved to Najaf, Iraq and stayed there until Saddam Hussein deported him . Finally, he was exiled by the pressure of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Neauphle-le-Ch\u00e2teau, Paris on 6 October 1978. In 1944 Khomeini published his first book, \"Kashf al-Asrar\" (\u201cSecrets Unveiled\u201d), attacking secularisation under Reza Shah Pahlavi and advocating for the power of Allah to establish and disestablish governments. After the death of Borujerdi in 1961, Khomeini became the leading \"Marja\"'. In January 1963, the Shah announced the White Revolution, a six-point program of reform calling for land reform, nationalization of the forests, the sale of state-owned enterprises to private interests, electoral changes to enfranchise women and allow non-Muslims to hold office, profit-sharing in industry, and a literacy campaign in the nation's schools. On the other hand, he and many religious leaders considered the revolution had trends of westernizing the country and would in their mind threaten the traditional Islamic lifestyle of the common folk.", "Ruhollah Khomeini's residency (Jamaran) Ruhollah Khomeini's residency is the house of Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in Jamaran village. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. According to doctors recommendation, the weather of Qom did not agree with him. The house of Khomeini was next to the Hussainiya in Jamaran village. The house was very small and his room was 12 square meters. The house was linked to a large mosque by a metal platform. Khomeini often walked up a flight of stairs leading from his house to the balcony of the mosque, from which he often spoke. The Jamaran village is located in the foothills of the Alborz mountains and north of Tehran. This village is near Niavaran Palace where was domicile of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. He was hospitalized for thirty nine days, then he resided in the north Tehran suburb of Darband. It was not a suitable house for him. On 22 April, he took up residence in Jamaran on the suggestion of Seyyed Mahdi Imam Jamarani who was known as Imam Jamarani for leading prayers at the Jamarani mosque and spent the rest of his life there. The house was the birthplace of Imam Jamarani\u2019s mother, located near the mosque of Jamaran in Shaheed Husseinkiya street off Yasser Road. Ayatollah Khomeini delivered speeches and met foreign delegations at Jamaran mosque.", "Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini In 2016, the BBC published a report which stated that the administration of United States President Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) had extensive contact with Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his entourage in the prelude to the Iranian Revolution of 1979. The report was based on \"newly declassified US diplomatic cables\". According to the report, as mentioned by \"The Guardian\", Khomeini \"went to great lengths to ensure the Americans would not jeopardise his plans to return to Iran - and even personally wrote to US officials\". According to the report, in turn, Carter and his administration helped Khomeini and made sure that the Imperial Iranian army would not launch a military coup. The BBC report also showed a 1980 CIA analysis, which portrays Khomeini's attempts to contact the US as far back as 1963, during John F. Kennedy's administration. Iran's political \u00e9lite has dismissed these declassified reports. Ayatollah Khamenei stated that \"it was based on fabricated documents\". Ebrahim Yazdi (formerly a close associate of Khomeini) and Saeed Hajjarian viewed the BBC report with skepticism. A declassified cable shows that on 9 November 1978, William H. Sullivan, then-US ambassador to Iran alerted the Carter administration of the Shah being \"doomed\". Sullivan stated that the US should get Iran's Shah and his most senior generals to exit the country, and construct an agreement between secondary commanders and Ruhollah Khomeini. In January 1979, General Robert E. Huyser was dispatched to Iran. According to the narrative of Carter's government, Huyser was sent to promise US support for the Shah.", "1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election The 1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election was an indirect election where the Assembly of Experts members voted to choose the second Supreme Leader of Iran. The election was held on June 4, 1989, the morning after Ruhollah Khomeini's death and Ali Khamenei was elected as his successor with 60 votes out of 74. Because of a conflict of ideology between Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini and Housein Al-Montazeri, his accepted heir, Khomeini requested a revision of Article 109, which held that successors to Khomeini must be a \u2018source of imitation\u2019 or having held the title of Marja\u2019. The change to the constitution would not officially come until 6 August 1989, wherein a vote would reduce the qualification to having the authority to issue a fatwa. The debate within the Assembly of Experts on the constitutional change included whether the clerical qualification of Marja\u02bfiyyat present in Article 109 contributed to the quality of leadership Khomeini was seen as maintaining. The Assembly of Experts, made up of many people who were integral to the revolution of 1979 and in some cases knew Khomeini, concluded Ruhollah Khomeini\u2019s leadership was attributed in part to his religious qualifications, but mostly his political motivation and skill. As well, there were many Assembly of Experts members who vouched and voted for a leadership council to take the place of the Supreme Leader. This proposed council was to entrust the responsibilities once held by Ruhollah Khomeini to a selected few individuals voted into the position by the Assembly of Experts. Ultimately, the proposal for a leadership council was denied on several grounds, including a lack of familiarity with a multi-person executive system, and a historical failure of several councils of leaders. The election occurred in two parts."], "answer": {"text": "Ruhollah Khomeini died on 3 June 1989", "answer_start": 109}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_4f6affe551424ea499b2288b6b629ecc_0_q#1", "question": "how did he die?", "rewrite": "How did Ruhollah Khomeini die?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini In 2016, the BBC published a report which stated that the administration of United States President Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) had extensive contact with Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his entourage in the prelude to the Iranian Revolution of 1979. The report was based on \"newly declassified US diplomatic cables\". According to the report, as mentioned by \"The Guardian\", Khomeini \"went to great lengths to ensure the Americans would not jeopardise his plans to return to Iran - and even personally wrote to US officials\". According to the report, in turn, Carter and his administration helped Khomeini and made sure that the Imperial Iranian army would not launch a military coup. The BBC report also showed a 1980 CIA analysis, which portrays Khomeini's attempts to contact the US as far back as 1963, during John F. Kennedy's administration. Iran's political \u00e9lite has dismissed these declassified reports. Ayatollah Khamenei stated that \"it was based on fabricated documents\". Ebrahim Yazdi (formerly a close associate of Khomeini) and Saeed Hajjarian viewed the BBC report with skepticism. A declassified cable shows that on 9 November 1978, William H. Sullivan, then-US ambassador to Iran alerted the Carter administration of the Shah being \"doomed\". Sullivan stated that the US should get Iran's Shah and his most senior generals to exit the country, and construct an agreement between secondary commanders and Ruhollah Khomeini. In January 1979, General Robert E. Huyser was dispatched to Iran. According to the narrative of Carter's government, Huyser was sent to promise US support for the Shah.", "Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini The Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini (Persian: \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc), also referred to as the holy shrine (\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631), houses the tombs of the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, his wife Khadijeh Saqafi, and his second son Ahmad Khomeini; and some political figures, such as former President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former Vice President Hassan Habibi, Lieutenant General Ali Sayad Shirazi, Iranian Revolution figure Sadeq Tabatabaei, and MP Marzieh Hadidchi. The mausoleum is located to the south of Tehran in the Behesht-e Zahra (Paradise of Zahra) cemetery. Construction commenced in 1989 following Khomeini's death on June 3 of that year. It is still under construction, but when completed will be the centerpiece in a complex spread over , housing a cultural and tourist center, a university for Islamic studies, a seminary, a shopping mall, and a 20,000-car parking lot. The Iranian government has reportedly devoted 2 billion US dollars to this development. The site is a place of pilgrimage for followers of Khomeini. It is used symbolically by government figures, and is on occasion visited by foreign dignitaries. Every year, Khomeini's death anniversary is marked on 4 June at the mausoleum in a ceremony that is attended by governmental officials, foreign ambassadors, and others. Khomeini's grandson Ayatollah Seyyed Hassan Khomeini is in charge of caring for the mausoleum. The Haram-e Motahhar Metro Station is the closest metro station to the mausoleum.", "Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile refers to the period that Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini spent from 1964 to 1979 in Turkey, Iraq and France, after Mohamed Reza Shah Pahlavi had arrested him twice for dissent from his \u201cWhite Revolution\u201d announced in 1963. Ayatollah Khomeini was invited back to Iran by the government,and returned to Tehran from exile on 1979. On 4 November 1964, Khomeini was secretly taken to Ankara and then to Bursa, Turkey. On 5 September 1965, he moved to Najaf, Iraq and stayed there until Saddam Hussein deported him . Finally, he was exiled by the pressure of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Neauphle-le-Ch\u00e2teau, Paris on 6 October 1978. In 1944 Khomeini published his first book, \"Kashf al-Asrar\" (\u201cSecrets Unveiled\u201d), attacking secularisation under Reza Shah Pahlavi and advocating for the power of Allah to establish and disestablish governments. After the death of Borujerdi in 1961, Khomeini became the leading \"Marja\"'. In January 1963, the Shah announced the White Revolution, a six-point program of reform calling for land reform, nationalization of the forests, the sale of state-owned enterprises to private interests, electoral changes to enfranchise women and allow non-Muslims to hold office, profit-sharing in industry, and a literacy campaign in the nation's schools. On the other hand, he and many religious leaders considered the revolution had trends of westernizing the country and would in their mind threaten the traditional Islamic lifestyle of the common folk.", "Ruhollah Khomeini's residency (Jamaran) Ruhollah Khomeini's residency is the house of Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in Jamaran village. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. According to doctors recommendation, the weather of Qom did not agree with him. The house of Khomeini was next to the Hussainiya in Jamaran village. The house was very small and his room was 12 square meters. The house was linked to a large mosque by a metal platform. Khomeini often walked up a flight of stairs leading from his house to the balcony of the mosque, from which he often spoke. The Jamaran village is located in the foothills of the Alborz mountains and north of Tehran. This village is near Niavaran Palace where was domicile of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. He was hospitalized for thirty nine days, then he resided in the north Tehran suburb of Darband. It was not a suitable house for him. On 22 April, he took up residence in Jamaran on the suggestion of Seyyed Mahdi Imam Jamarani who was known as Imam Jamarani for leading prayers at the Jamarani mosque and spent the rest of his life there. The house was the birthplace of Imam Jamarani\u2019s mother, located near the mosque of Jamaran in Shaheed Husseinkiya street off Yasser Road. Ayatollah Khomeini delivered speeches and met foreign delegations at Jamaran mosque.", "1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election The 1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election was an indirect election where the Assembly of Experts members voted to choose the second Supreme Leader of Iran. The election was held on June 4, 1989, the morning after Ruhollah Khomeini's death and Ali Khamenei was elected as his successor with 60 votes out of 74. Because of a conflict of ideology between Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini and Housein Al-Montazeri, his accepted heir, Khomeini requested a revision of Article 109, which held that successors to Khomeini must be a \u2018source of imitation\u2019 or having held the title of Marja\u2019. The change to the constitution would not officially come until 6 August 1989, wherein a vote would reduce the qualification to having the authority to issue a fatwa. The debate within the Assembly of Experts on the constitutional change included whether the clerical qualification of Marja\u02bfiyyat present in Article 109 contributed to the quality of leadership Khomeini was seen as maintaining. The Assembly of Experts, made up of many people who were integral to the revolution of 1979 and in some cases knew Khomeini, concluded Ruhollah Khomeini\u2019s leadership was attributed in part to his religious qualifications, but mostly his political motivation and skill. As well, there were many Assembly of Experts members who vouched and voted for a leadership council to take the place of the Supreme Leader. This proposed council was to entrust the responsibilities once held by Ruhollah Khomeini to a selected few individuals voted into the position by the Assembly of Experts. Ultimately, the proposal for a leadership council was denied on several grounds, including a lack of familiarity with a multi-person executive system, and a historical failure of several councils of leaders. The election occurred in two parts."], "answer": {"text": "after suffering five heart attacks in just ten days,", "answer_start": 147}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ruhollah Khomeini die?", "answer": {"text": "Ruhollah Khomeini died on 3 June 1989", "answer_start": 109, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4f6affe551424ea499b2288b6b629ecc_0_q#2", "question": "what happened in 10 days?", "rewrite": "What happened to Ruhollah Khomeini over 10 days in 1989?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ruhollah Khomeini's residency (Jamaran) Ruhollah Khomeini's residency is the house of Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in Jamaran village. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. According to doctors recommendation, the weather of Qom did not agree with him. The house of Khomeini was next to the Hussainiya in Jamaran village. The house was very small and his room was 12 square meters. The house was linked to a large mosque by a metal platform. Khomeini often walked up a flight of stairs leading from his house to the balcony of the mosque, from which he often spoke. The Jamaran village is located in the foothills of the Alborz mountains and north of Tehran. This village is near Niavaran Palace where was domicile of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. He was hospitalized for thirty nine days, then he resided in the north Tehran suburb of Darband. It was not a suitable house for him. On 22 April, he took up residence in Jamaran on the suggestion of Seyyed Mahdi Imam Jamarani who was known as Imam Jamarani for leading prayers at the Jamarani mosque and spent the rest of his life there. The house was the birthplace of Imam Jamarani\u2019s mother, located near the mosque of Jamaran in Shaheed Husseinkiya street off Yasser Road. Ayatollah Khomeini delivered speeches and met foreign delegations at Jamaran mosque.", "Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini The Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini (Persian: \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc), also referred to as the holy shrine (\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631), houses the tombs of the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, his wife Khadijeh Saqafi, and his second son Ahmad Khomeini; and some political figures, such as former President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former Vice President Hassan Habibi, Lieutenant General Ali Sayad Shirazi, Iranian Revolution figure Sadeq Tabatabaei, and MP Marzieh Hadidchi. The mausoleum is located to the south of Tehran in the Behesht-e Zahra (Paradise of Zahra) cemetery. Construction commenced in 1989 following Khomeini's death on June 3 of that year. It is still under construction, but when completed will be the centerpiece in a complex spread over , housing a cultural and tourist center, a university for Islamic studies, a seminary, a shopping mall, and a 20,000-car parking lot. The Iranian government has reportedly devoted 2 billion US dollars to this development. The site is a place of pilgrimage for followers of Khomeini. It is used symbolically by government figures, and is on occasion visited by foreign dignitaries. Every year, Khomeini's death anniversary is marked on 4 June at the mausoleum in a ceremony that is attended by governmental officials, foreign ambassadors, and others. Khomeini's grandson Ayatollah Seyyed Hassan Khomeini is in charge of caring for the mausoleum. The Haram-e Motahhar Metro Station is the closest metro station to the mausoleum.", "1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election The 1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election was an indirect election where the Assembly of Experts members voted to choose the second Supreme Leader of Iran. The election was held on June 4, 1989, the morning after Ruhollah Khomeini's death and Ali Khamenei was elected as his successor with 60 votes out of 74. Because of a conflict of ideology between Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini and Housein Al-Montazeri, his accepted heir, Khomeini requested a revision of Article 109, which held that successors to Khomeini must be a \u2018source of imitation\u2019 or having held the title of Marja\u2019. The change to the constitution would not officially come until 6 August 1989, wherein a vote would reduce the qualification to having the authority to issue a fatwa. The debate within the Assembly of Experts on the constitutional change included whether the clerical qualification of Marja\u02bfiyyat present in Article 109 contributed to the quality of leadership Khomeini was seen as maintaining. The Assembly of Experts, made up of many people who were integral to the revolution of 1979 and in some cases knew Khomeini, concluded Ruhollah Khomeini\u2019s leadership was attributed in part to his religious qualifications, but mostly his political motivation and skill. As well, there were many Assembly of Experts members who vouched and voted for a leadership council to take the place of the Supreme Leader. This proposed council was to entrust the responsibilities once held by Ruhollah Khomeini to a selected few individuals voted into the position by the Assembly of Experts. Ultimately, the proposal for a leadership council was denied on several grounds, including a lack of familiarity with a multi-person executive system, and a historical failure of several councils of leaders. The election occurred in two parts.", "Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran Sayyid Ruhollah M\u016bsavi Khomeini (24 September 1902 \u2013 3 June 1989), known in the Western world as Ayatollah Khomeini, was an Iranian Shia Muslim religious leader, philosopher, revolutionary and politician. He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution that saw the overthrow of the Pahlavi monarchy and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran. Following the revolution, Khomeini became the country's Supreme Leader, a position created in the constitution of the Islamic Republic as the highest-ranking political and religious authority of the nation, which he held until his death. On 1 February 1979 Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, returned to Iran after 14 years in political exile. Khomeini had been a prominent opponent of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, who had fled the country during the events of the Iranian Revolution. Upon his return, he was greeted by crowds of millions, and within 10 days the revolution would be successful. Khomeini's return and the 10 days following are now celebrated in Iran as the Fajr decade. At tender the age of 61 years old, Khomeini found the arena of leadership open following the deaths of Ayatollah Sayyed Husayn Borujerdi (1961), the leading, although quiescent, Shi'ah religious leader; and Ayatollah Abol-Ghasem Kashani (1962), an activist cleric. The clerical class had been on the defensive ever since the 1920s when the secular, anti-clerical modernizer Reza Shah Pahlavi rose to power. Reza's son Mohammad Reza Shah, instituted a \"White Revolution\", which was a further challenge to the Ulama.", "Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile refers to the period that Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini spent from 1964 to 1979 in Turkey, Iraq and France, after Mohamed Reza Shah Pahlavi had arrested him twice for dissent from his \u201cWhite Revolution\u201d announced in 1963. Ayatollah Khomeini was invited back to Iran by the government,and returned to Tehran from exile on 1979. On 4 November 1964, Khomeini was secretly taken to Ankara and then to Bursa, Turkey. On 5 September 1965, he moved to Najaf, Iraq and stayed there until Saddam Hussein deported him . Finally, he was exiled by the pressure of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Neauphle-le-Ch\u00e2teau, Paris on 6 October 1978. In 1944 Khomeini published his first book, \"Kashf al-Asrar\" (\u201cSecrets Unveiled\u201d), attacking secularisation under Reza Shah Pahlavi and advocating for the power of Allah to establish and disestablish governments. After the death of Borujerdi in 1961, Khomeini became the leading \"Marja\"'. In January 1963, the Shah announced the White Revolution, a six-point program of reform calling for land reform, nationalization of the forests, the sale of state-owned enterprises to private interests, electoral changes to enfranchise women and allow non-Muslims to hold office, profit-sharing in industry, and a literacy campaign in the nation's schools. On the other hand, he and many religious leaders considered the revolution had trends of westernizing the country and would in their mind threaten the traditional Islamic lifestyle of the common folk."], "answer": {"text": "After spending eleven days in Jamaran hospital, Ruhollah Khomeini died on 3 June 1989 after suffering five heart attacks in just ten days,", "answer_start": 61}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ruhollah Khomeini die?", "answer": {"text": "Ruhollah Khomeini died on 3 June 1989", "answer_start": 109, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did he die?", "answer": {"text": "after suffering five heart attacks in just ten days,", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4f6affe551424ea499b2288b6b629ecc_0_q#3", "question": "how old was he when he died?", "rewrite": "How old was Ruhollah Khomeini when he died?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini The Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini (Persian: \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc), also referred to as the holy shrine (\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631), houses the tombs of the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, his wife Khadijeh Saqafi, and his second son Ahmad Khomeini; and some political figures, such as former President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former Vice President Hassan Habibi, Lieutenant General Ali Sayad Shirazi, Iranian Revolution figure Sadeq Tabatabaei, and MP Marzieh Hadidchi. The mausoleum is located to the south of Tehran in the Behesht-e Zahra (Paradise of Zahra) cemetery. Construction commenced in 1989 following Khomeini's death on June 3 of that year. It is still under construction, but when completed will be the centerpiece in a complex spread over , housing a cultural and tourist center, a university for Islamic studies, a seminary, a shopping mall, and a 20,000-car parking lot. The Iranian government has reportedly devoted 2 billion US dollars to this development. The site is a place of pilgrimage for followers of Khomeini. It is used symbolically by government figures, and is on occasion visited by foreign dignitaries. Every year, Khomeini's death anniversary is marked on 4 June at the mausoleum in a ceremony that is attended by governmental officials, foreign ambassadors, and others. Khomeini's grandson Ayatollah Seyyed Hassan Khomeini is in charge of caring for the mausoleum. The Haram-e Motahhar Metro Station is the closest metro station to the mausoleum.", "Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile refers to the period that Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini spent from 1964 to 1979 in Turkey, Iraq and France, after Mohamed Reza Shah Pahlavi had arrested him twice for dissent from his \u201cWhite Revolution\u201d announced in 1963. Ayatollah Khomeini was invited back to Iran by the government,and returned to Tehran from exile on 1979. On 4 November 1964, Khomeini was secretly taken to Ankara and then to Bursa, Turkey. On 5 September 1965, he moved to Najaf, Iraq and stayed there until Saddam Hussein deported him . Finally, he was exiled by the pressure of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Neauphle-le-Ch\u00e2teau, Paris on 6 October 1978. In 1944 Khomeini published his first book, \"Kashf al-Asrar\" (\u201cSecrets Unveiled\u201d), attacking secularisation under Reza Shah Pahlavi and advocating for the power of Allah to establish and disestablish governments. After the death of Borujerdi in 1961, Khomeini became the leading \"Marja\"'. In January 1963, the Shah announced the White Revolution, a six-point program of reform calling for land reform, nationalization of the forests, the sale of state-owned enterprises to private interests, electoral changes to enfranchise women and allow non-Muslims to hold office, profit-sharing in industry, and a literacy campaign in the nation's schools. On the other hand, he and many religious leaders considered the revolution had trends of westernizing the country and would in their mind threaten the traditional Islamic lifestyle of the common folk.", "Ruhollah Khomeini's residency (Jamaran) Ruhollah Khomeini's residency is the house of Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in Jamaran village. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. According to doctors recommendation, the weather of Qom did not agree with him. The house of Khomeini was next to the Hussainiya in Jamaran village. The house was very small and his room was 12 square meters. The house was linked to a large mosque by a metal platform. Khomeini often walked up a flight of stairs leading from his house to the balcony of the mosque, from which he often spoke. The Jamaran village is located in the foothills of the Alborz mountains and north of Tehran. This village is near Niavaran Palace where was domicile of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. He was hospitalized for thirty nine days, then he resided in the north Tehran suburb of Darband. It was not a suitable house for him. On 22 April, he took up residence in Jamaran on the suggestion of Seyyed Mahdi Imam Jamarani who was known as Imam Jamarani for leading prayers at the Jamarani mosque and spent the rest of his life there. The house was the birthplace of Imam Jamarani\u2019s mother, located near the mosque of Jamaran in Shaheed Husseinkiya street off Yasser Road. Ayatollah Khomeini delivered speeches and met foreign delegations at Jamaran mosque.", "1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election The 1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election was an indirect election where the Assembly of Experts members voted to choose the second Supreme Leader of Iran. The election was held on June 4, 1989, the morning after Ruhollah Khomeini's death and Ali Khamenei was elected as his successor with 60 votes out of 74. Because of a conflict of ideology between Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini and Housein Al-Montazeri, his accepted heir, Khomeini requested a revision of Article 109, which held that successors to Khomeini must be a \u2018source of imitation\u2019 or having held the title of Marja\u2019. The change to the constitution would not officially come until 6 August 1989, wherein a vote would reduce the qualification to having the authority to issue a fatwa. The debate within the Assembly of Experts on the constitutional change included whether the clerical qualification of Marja\u02bfiyyat present in Article 109 contributed to the quality of leadership Khomeini was seen as maintaining. The Assembly of Experts, made up of many people who were integral to the revolution of 1979 and in some cases knew Khomeini, concluded Ruhollah Khomeini\u2019s leadership was attributed in part to his religious qualifications, but mostly his political motivation and skill. As well, there were many Assembly of Experts members who vouched and voted for a leadership council to take the place of the Supreme Leader. This proposed council was to entrust the responsibilities once held by Ruhollah Khomeini to a selected few individuals voted into the position by the Assembly of Experts. Ultimately, the proposal for a leadership council was denied on several grounds, including a lack of familiarity with a multi-person executive system, and a historical failure of several councils of leaders. The election occurred in two parts.", "Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini In 2016, the BBC published a report which stated that the administration of United States President Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) had extensive contact with Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his entourage in the prelude to the Iranian Revolution of 1979. The report was based on \"newly declassified US diplomatic cables\". According to the report, as mentioned by \"The Guardian\", Khomeini \"went to great lengths to ensure the Americans would not jeopardise his plans to return to Iran - and even personally wrote to US officials\". According to the report, in turn, Carter and his administration helped Khomeini and made sure that the Imperial Iranian army would not launch a military coup. The BBC report also showed a 1980 CIA analysis, which portrays Khomeini's attempts to contact the US as far back as 1963, during John F. Kennedy's administration. Iran's political \u00e9lite has dismissed these declassified reports. Ayatollah Khamenei stated that \"it was based on fabricated documents\". Ebrahim Yazdi (formerly a close associate of Khomeini) and Saeed Hajjarian viewed the BBC report with skepticism. A declassified cable shows that on 9 November 1978, William H. Sullivan, then-US ambassador to Iran alerted the Carter administration of the Shah being \"doomed\". Sullivan stated that the US should get Iran's Shah and his most senior generals to exit the country, and construct an agreement between secondary commanders and Ruhollah Khomeini. In January 1979, General Robert E. Huyser was dispatched to Iran. According to the narrative of Carter's government, Huyser was sent to promise US support for the Shah."], "answer": {"text": "died on 3 June 1989 after suffering five heart attacks in just ten days, at the age of 86", "answer_start": 127}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ruhollah Khomeini die?", "answer": {"text": "Ruhollah Khomeini died on 3 June 1989", "answer_start": 109, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did he die?", "answer": {"text": "after suffering five heart attacks in just ten days,", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened in 10 days?", "answer": {"text": "After spending eleven days in Jamaran hospital, Ruhollah Khomeini died on 3 June 1989 after suffering five heart attacks in just ten days,", "answer_start": 61, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4f6affe551424ea499b2288b6b629ecc_0_q#4", "question": "when was his funeral?", "rewrite": "When was Ruhollah Khomeini's funeral?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election The 1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election was an indirect election where the Assembly of Experts members voted to choose the second Supreme Leader of Iran. The election was held on June 4, 1989, the morning after Ruhollah Khomeini's death and Ali Khamenei was elected as his successor with 60 votes out of 74. Because of a conflict of ideology between Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini and Housein Al-Montazeri, his accepted heir, Khomeini requested a revision of Article 109, which held that successors to Khomeini must be a \u2018source of imitation\u2019 or having held the title of Marja\u2019. The change to the constitution would not officially come until 6 August 1989, wherein a vote would reduce the qualification to having the authority to issue a fatwa. The debate within the Assembly of Experts on the constitutional change included whether the clerical qualification of Marja\u02bfiyyat present in Article 109 contributed to the quality of leadership Khomeini was seen as maintaining. The Assembly of Experts, made up of many people who were integral to the revolution of 1979 and in some cases knew Khomeini, concluded Ruhollah Khomeini\u2019s leadership was attributed in part to his religious qualifications, but mostly his political motivation and skill. As well, there were many Assembly of Experts members who vouched and voted for a leadership council to take the place of the Supreme Leader. This proposed council was to entrust the responsibilities once held by Ruhollah Khomeini to a selected few individuals voted into the position by the Assembly of Experts. Ultimately, the proposal for a leadership council was denied on several grounds, including a lack of familiarity with a multi-person executive system, and a historical failure of several councils of leaders. The election occurred in two parts.", "Khomeini's health declined several years prior to his death. After spending eleven days in Jamaran hospital, Ruhollah Khomeini died on 3 June 1989 after suffering five heart attacks in just ten days, at the age of 86 just before midnight. He was succeeded as Supreme Leader by Ali Khamenei. Iranians poured out into the cities and streets in enormous numbers to mourn Khomeini's death in a spontaneous outpouring of grief. In the scorching summer heat, fire trucks sprayed water on the crowds to cool them. At least 10 mourners were trampled to death, more than 400 were badly hurt and several thousand more were treated for injuries sustained in the ensuing pandemonium. A large percentage of the population of Iran lined the 32-kilometre (20 mi) route to Tehran's Behesht-e Zahra cemetery on 11 June 1989, for the funeral of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Western agencies estimated that 2 million paid their respects as the body lay in state. Figures about Khomeini's initial funeral attendance which took place on 4 June range around 2.5-3.5 million people. Early the following day, Khomeini's corpse was flown in by helicopter for burial at the Paradise of Zahra cemetery. Iranian officials postponed Khomeini's first funeral after a huge mob stormed the funeral procession, destroying Khomeini's wooden coffin in order to get a last glimpse of his body or touch of his coffin. In some cases, armed soldiers were compelled to fire warning shots in the air to restrain the crowds. At one point, Khomeini's body fell to the ground, as the crowd ripped off pieces of the death shroud, trying to keep them as if they were holy relics.", "Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini In 2016, the BBC published a report which stated that the administration of United States President Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) had extensive contact with Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his entourage in the prelude to the Iranian Revolution of 1979. The report was based on \"newly declassified US diplomatic cables\". According to the report, as mentioned by \"The Guardian\", Khomeini \"went to great lengths to ensure the Americans would not jeopardise his plans to return to Iran - and even personally wrote to US officials\". According to the report, in turn, Carter and his administration helped Khomeini and made sure that the Imperial Iranian army would not launch a military coup. The BBC report also showed a 1980 CIA analysis, which portrays Khomeini's attempts to contact the US as far back as 1963, during John F. Kennedy's administration. Iran's political \u00e9lite has dismissed these declassified reports. Ayatollah Khamenei stated that \"it was based on fabricated documents\". Ebrahim Yazdi (formerly a close associate of Khomeini) and Saeed Hajjarian viewed the BBC report with skepticism. A declassified cable shows that on 9 November 1978, William H. Sullivan, then-US ambassador to Iran alerted the Carter administration of the Shah being \"doomed\". Sullivan stated that the US should get Iran's Shah and his most senior generals to exit the country, and construct an agreement between secondary commanders and Ruhollah Khomeini. In January 1979, General Robert E. Huyser was dispatched to Iran. According to the narrative of Carter's government, Huyser was sent to promise US support for the Shah.", "Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini The Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini (Persian: \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc), also referred to as the holy shrine (\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631), houses the tombs of the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, his wife Khadijeh Saqafi, and his second son Ahmad Khomeini; and some political figures, such as former President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former Vice President Hassan Habibi, Lieutenant General Ali Sayad Shirazi, Iranian Revolution figure Sadeq Tabatabaei, and MP Marzieh Hadidchi. The mausoleum is located to the south of Tehran in the Behesht-e Zahra (Paradise of Zahra) cemetery. Construction commenced in 1989 following Khomeini's death on June 3 of that year. It is still under construction, but when completed will be the centerpiece in a complex spread over , housing a cultural and tourist center, a university for Islamic studies, a seminary, a shopping mall, and a 20,000-car parking lot. The Iranian government has reportedly devoted 2 billion US dollars to this development. The site is a place of pilgrimage for followers of Khomeini. It is used symbolically by government figures, and is on occasion visited by foreign dignitaries. Every year, Khomeini's death anniversary is marked on 4 June at the mausoleum in a ceremony that is attended by governmental officials, foreign ambassadors, and others. Khomeini's grandson Ayatollah Seyyed Hassan Khomeini is in charge of caring for the mausoleum. The Haram-e Motahhar Metro Station is the closest metro station to the mausoleum.", "Ruhollah Khomeini's residency (Jamaran) Ruhollah Khomeini's residency is the house of Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in Jamaran village. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. According to doctors recommendation, the weather of Qom did not agree with him. The house of Khomeini was next to the Hussainiya in Jamaran village. The house was very small and his room was 12 square meters. The house was linked to a large mosque by a metal platform. Khomeini often walked up a flight of stairs leading from his house to the balcony of the mosque, from which he often spoke. The Jamaran village is located in the foothills of the Alborz mountains and north of Tehran. This village is near Niavaran Palace where was domicile of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. He was hospitalized for thirty nine days, then he resided in the north Tehran suburb of Darband. It was not a suitable house for him. On 22 April, he took up residence in Jamaran on the suggestion of Seyyed Mahdi Imam Jamarani who was known as Imam Jamarani for leading prayers at the Jamarani mosque and spent the rest of his life there. The house was the birthplace of Imam Jamarani\u2019s mother, located near the mosque of Jamaran in Shaheed Husseinkiya street off Yasser Road. Ayatollah Khomeini delivered speeches and met foreign delegations at Jamaran mosque."], "answer": {"text": "11 June 1989, for the funeral of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.", "answer_start": 794}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ruhollah Khomeini die?", "answer": {"text": "Ruhollah Khomeini died on 3 June 1989", "answer_start": 109, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did he die?", "answer": {"text": "after suffering five heart attacks in just ten days,", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened in 10 days?", "answer": {"text": "After spending eleven days in Jamaran hospital, Ruhollah Khomeini died on 3 June 1989 after suffering five heart attacks in just ten days,", "answer_start": 61, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how old was he when he died?", "answer": {"text": "died on 3 June 1989 after suffering five heart attacks in just ten days, at the age of 86", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4f6affe551424ea499b2288b6b629ecc_0_q#5", "question": "did he have any family?", "rewrite": "Did Ruhollah Khomeini have any family?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election The 1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election was an indirect election where the Assembly of Experts members voted to choose the second Supreme Leader of Iran. The election was held on June 4, 1989, the morning after Ruhollah Khomeini's death and Ali Khamenei was elected as his successor with 60 votes out of 74. Because of a conflict of ideology between Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini and Housein Al-Montazeri, his accepted heir, Khomeini requested a revision of Article 109, which held that successors to Khomeini must be a \u2018source of imitation\u2019 or having held the title of Marja\u2019. The change to the constitution would not officially come until 6 August 1989, wherein a vote would reduce the qualification to having the authority to issue a fatwa. The debate within the Assembly of Experts on the constitutional change included whether the clerical qualification of Marja\u02bfiyyat present in Article 109 contributed to the quality of leadership Khomeini was seen as maintaining. The Assembly of Experts, made up of many people who were integral to the revolution of 1979 and in some cases knew Khomeini, concluded Ruhollah Khomeini\u2019s leadership was attributed in part to his religious qualifications, but mostly his political motivation and skill. As well, there were many Assembly of Experts members who vouched and voted for a leadership council to take the place of the Supreme Leader. This proposed council was to entrust the responsibilities once held by Ruhollah Khomeini to a selected few individuals voted into the position by the Assembly of Experts. Ultimately, the proposal for a leadership council was denied on several grounds, including a lack of familiarity with a multi-person executive system, and a historical failure of several councils of leaders. The election occurred in two parts.", "Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile refers to the period that Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini spent from 1964 to 1979 in Turkey, Iraq and France, after Mohamed Reza Shah Pahlavi had arrested him twice for dissent from his \u201cWhite Revolution\u201d announced in 1963. Ayatollah Khomeini was invited back to Iran by the government,and returned to Tehran from exile on 1979. On 4 November 1964, Khomeini was secretly taken to Ankara and then to Bursa, Turkey. On 5 September 1965, he moved to Najaf, Iraq and stayed there until Saddam Hussein deported him . Finally, he was exiled by the pressure of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Neauphle-le-Ch\u00e2teau, Paris on 6 October 1978. In 1944 Khomeini published his first book, \"Kashf al-Asrar\" (\u201cSecrets Unveiled\u201d), attacking secularisation under Reza Shah Pahlavi and advocating for the power of Allah to establish and disestablish governments. After the death of Borujerdi in 1961, Khomeini became the leading \"Marja\"'. In January 1963, the Shah announced the White Revolution, a six-point program of reform calling for land reform, nationalization of the forests, the sale of state-owned enterprises to private interests, electoral changes to enfranchise women and allow non-Muslims to hold office, profit-sharing in industry, and a literacy campaign in the nation's schools. On the other hand, he and many religious leaders considered the revolution had trends of westernizing the country and would in their mind threaten the traditional Islamic lifestyle of the common folk.", "Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini In 2016, the BBC published a report which stated that the administration of United States President Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) had extensive contact with Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his entourage in the prelude to the Iranian Revolution of 1979. The report was based on \"newly declassified US diplomatic cables\". According to the report, as mentioned by \"The Guardian\", Khomeini \"went to great lengths to ensure the Americans would not jeopardise his plans to return to Iran - and even personally wrote to US officials\". According to the report, in turn, Carter and his administration helped Khomeini and made sure that the Imperial Iranian army would not launch a military coup. The BBC report also showed a 1980 CIA analysis, which portrays Khomeini's attempts to contact the US as far back as 1963, during John F. Kennedy's administration. Iran's political \u00e9lite has dismissed these declassified reports. Ayatollah Khamenei stated that \"it was based on fabricated documents\". Ebrahim Yazdi (formerly a close associate of Khomeini) and Saeed Hajjarian viewed the BBC report with skepticism. A declassified cable shows that on 9 November 1978, William H. Sullivan, then-US ambassador to Iran alerted the Carter administration of the Shah being \"doomed\". Sullivan stated that the US should get Iran's Shah and his most senior generals to exit the country, and construct an agreement between secondary commanders and Ruhollah Khomeini. In January 1979, General Robert E. Huyser was dispatched to Iran. According to the narrative of Carter's government, Huyser was sent to promise US support for the Shah.", "Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini The Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini (Persian: \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc), also referred to as the holy shrine (\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631), houses the tombs of the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, his wife Khadijeh Saqafi, and his second son Ahmad Khomeini; and some political figures, such as former President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former Vice President Hassan Habibi, Lieutenant General Ali Sayad Shirazi, Iranian Revolution figure Sadeq Tabatabaei, and MP Marzieh Hadidchi. The mausoleum is located to the south of Tehran in the Behesht-e Zahra (Paradise of Zahra) cemetery. Construction commenced in 1989 following Khomeini's death on June 3 of that year. It is still under construction, but when completed will be the centerpiece in a complex spread over , housing a cultural and tourist center, a university for Islamic studies, a seminary, a shopping mall, and a 20,000-car parking lot. The Iranian government has reportedly devoted 2 billion US dollars to this development. The site is a place of pilgrimage for followers of Khomeini. It is used symbolically by government figures, and is on occasion visited by foreign dignitaries. Every year, Khomeini's death anniversary is marked on 4 June at the mausoleum in a ceremony that is attended by governmental officials, foreign ambassadors, and others. Khomeini's grandson Ayatollah Seyyed Hassan Khomeini is in charge of caring for the mausoleum. The Haram-e Motahhar Metro Station is the closest metro station to the mausoleum.", "Ruhollah Khomeini's residency (Jamaran) Ruhollah Khomeini's residency is the house of Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in Jamaran village. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. According to doctors recommendation, the weather of Qom did not agree with him. The house of Khomeini was next to the Hussainiya in Jamaran village. The house was very small and his room was 12 square meters. The house was linked to a large mosque by a metal platform. Khomeini often walked up a flight of stairs leading from his house to the balcony of the mosque, from which he often spoke. The Jamaran village is located in the foothills of the Alborz mountains and north of Tehran. This village is near Niavaran Palace where was domicile of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. He was hospitalized for thirty nine days, then he resided in the north Tehran suburb of Darband. It was not a suitable house for him. On 22 April, he took up residence in Jamaran on the suggestion of Seyyed Mahdi Imam Jamarani who was known as Imam Jamarani for leading prayers at the Jamarani mosque and spent the rest of his life there. The house was the birthplace of Imam Jamarani\u2019s mother, located near the mosque of Jamaran in Shaheed Husseinkiya street off Yasser Road. Ayatollah Khomeini delivered speeches and met foreign delegations at Jamaran mosque."], "answer": {"text": "In 1995, his son Ahmad was buried next to him.", "answer_start": 1013}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ruhollah Khomeini die?", "answer": {"text": "Ruhollah Khomeini died on 3 June 1989", "answer_start": 109, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did he die?", "answer": {"text": "after suffering five heart attacks in just ten days,", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened in 10 days?", "answer": {"text": "After spending eleven days in Jamaran hospital, Ruhollah Khomeini died on 3 June 1989 after suffering five heart attacks in just ten days,", "answer_start": 61, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how old was he when he died?", "answer": {"text": "died on 3 June 1989 after suffering five heart attacks in just ten days, at the age of 86", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was his funeral?", "answer": {"text": "11 June 1989, for the funeral of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.", "answer_start": 794, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_26d947e26813400291d89c802eb5704a_1_q#0", "question": "What was Gigli?", "rewrite": "What was Gigli?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Abel Gigli Abel Gigli Mohamed (; born 16 August 1990) is a Somalian footballer who plays as a defender. Gigli made his Serie A debut for Parma on 25 April 2010 in a game against Bologna when he came on as a substitute in the 43rd minute for Massimo Paci. In mid-2010 he was sold to Atletico Roma on a co-ownership deal. On 31 August 2010 he joined Viareggio on a temporary deal. He played once in the league and played 3 times in . He was bought back by Parma on 24 June 2011. In July 2011 he joined Fondi on loan. On 11 July 2013 Gigli was signed by Savona F.B.C. However, on 1 August he was signed by Slovenian club ND Gorica. The paperwork was completed on 9 August. On 9 August 2014 he was signed by Serie B club Crotone. On 1 July 2015 he returned to Slovenia, signing a two-year contract with Maribor. He left the club on 4 February 2016. On 20 September 2016 Lupa Roma signed Gigli on a free transfer. After without a club for more than six months, Gigli was signed by Gozzano in March 2018. The club won the group stage of 2017\u201318 Serie D, as well as participated in the playoffs: the Scudetto Dilettanti. Gigli played two out of possible three matches in the playoffs for the losing semi-finalists. Gigli made his debut for Somalia on 5 September 2019 in the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Zimbabwe, coming on as the first-half substitute. Gigli is of partial Somali descent.", "Giuseppe Cobolli Gigli Giuseppe Cobolli Gigli (28 May 1892, in Trieste \u2013 22 July 1987, in Malnate) was an Italian politician, member of Benito Mussolini's fascist government from 1935 to 1939 as minister of Public Works. According to Pietro Valente, Cobolli Gigli was born from Nicol\u00f2 Cobol (Capodistria 1861 \u2013 Trieste 1931), elementary school teacher and Italian irredentist, to which Trieste has dedicated a Karst trail (the \"Napoleon\") for his creation of municipal recreation centers during the Habsburg times. The name was later changed to Cobolli during the Fascism. The addition of \"Gigli\" to the surname was related to the experience of irredentist fighting during the First World War. The unredeemed volunteer fighters in the Italian Army assumed a battle pseudonym to protect their families, and many joined it, as the war was over, to their last name, as element of honor Again according to Valente, the children of Joseph Cobolli Gigli would be: Other sources, less detailed, reported Cobolli Gigli as being a member of a Slavic family. According to Giacomo Scotti, \"\"Giuseppe Cobolli Gigli, a minister of Public Works of the fascist era, son of Nikolaus Combol, Slovenian primary school teacher, born in 1863, the last name italianized spontaneously in 1928, since 1919 had given himself a pseudonym patriotic, Giulio Italico. Then when he became a fascist leader, he took a second surname, Gigli, giving itself a touch of nobility. \" According to Federico Vincenti, the father of Cobolli Gigli was the Slovenian Nikolaus Kobolj", "Gigli Gigli ( ) is a 2003 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Martin Brest and starring Ben Affleck, Jennifer Lopez, Justin Bartha, Al Pacino, Christopher Walken, and Lainie Kazan. Popular media gave attention and interest to the film during production, primarily because Affleck and Lopez, the film's stars, were romantically involved at the time. After release, however, critical reaction was universally negative, and in the years since its release \"Gigli\" has been considered one of the worst films of all time. The film was also one of the most expensive box office bombs in history, grossing $7.2 million against a $75.6 million budget. As of 2019, it is the last film Brest has directed, making it his longest hiatus between projects. Larry Gigli (Ben Affleck) is a low-ranking Los Angeles mobster who is not nearly as tough as he likes to act. Louis (Lenny Venito), a higher-ranking member of Gigli's organization, commands Gigli to kidnap the mentally challenged younger brother of a powerful federal prosecutor to use as a bargaining chip to save New York-based mob boss Starkman (Al Pacino) from prison. Gigli successfully convinces the young man, Brian (Justin Bartha), to go off with him by promising to take him \"to the Baywatch\", apparently a reference to the television show of that name, which seems to be Brian's singular obsession. Louis does not trust Gigli to get the job done right, so he hires a woman calling herself Ricki (Jennifer Lopez) to take charge. Gigli is attracted to Ricki, but he resents both Louis' lack of faith in him and having to take orders from a woman.", "Leonardo Gigli Leonardo Gigli (30 April 1863, Sesto Fiorentino \u2013 4 April 1908, Florence) was an Italian surgeon and obstetrician remembered for describing Gigli's operation, and for designing the Gigli saw to simplify its performance. Leonardo Gigli was born in a villa in the town of Sesto Fiorentino on 30 April 1863. He attended school and university in Florence, graduating in medicine and surgery in 1889. He initially worked as assistant to the professor of clinical paediatric surgery, and became assistant in clinical obstetrics and gynaecology in Florence under Professor Domenico Chiara in November 1889. When Chiara died in 1891 Gigli left Italy, travelling to Paris to work under Tarnier, then to London and Wroc\u0142aw where he worked under Professor Heinrich Fritsch from November 1892 to June 1893. During his time in Wroc\u0142aw he was also able to attend surgery with Mikulicz; here he first designed the wire saw which was manufactured by the Haertel company. He wrote about the use of this saw, which became known as the Gigli saw, to perform lateral pubiotomy (Gigli's operation) to assist in obstructed labour in July 1893 and again in October 1894 in the \"Annals of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Milan\". He returned to Florence in March 1894 to work at the Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova, and continued as a proponent of the lateral pubiotomy using the wire saw despite lack of support from colleagues in Italy. He also described the use of his saw for cutting other bones, excepting the skull, in 1897; Professor Alfred Obalinski of Krak\u00f3w then described its use for craniotomy in the same year. In 1899, he became director of the Santa Maria Nuova Hospital.", "Girolamo Gigli Girolamo Gigli (October 14, 1660 \u2013 January 4, 1722) was an Italian writer and playwright. Born in Siena to the Nenci family, he was adopted by an uncle, from whom he took the surname, Gigli. He married young to Laurenzia Perfetti, with whom he had twelve children. In 1698 he taught at the University of Pavia and later in that of Siena, as Tuscan professor of Literature. He was a regular visitor to the Accademia degli Intronati (he also became secretary), where he was nicknamed \"L'Economico\" (\"The Budget\"). Gigli adapted French comedy with a lively and spontaneous humor. For example, \"Il Don Pilone, ovvero il bacchettone falso\" (1711) is an adaptation of \"Il Tartufo\" by Moli\u00e8re. Here, Gigli uses the language of Siena to make a witty satire of personalities of the era. In \"La sorellina di don Pilone\" (1712), Gigli teases his own family, especially his wife. The same year Gigli wrote \"Il Gazzettino e Avvisi ideali\", mocking characters related to the academic, religious, and courtly worlds. In addition to plays, he also wrote some forty musical compositions. Gigli also engaged in historical research and linguistic diversity. His most notable historical work is the \"Diario Senese\" (or \"Sanese\"), a two-volume work published posthumously in 1723 by his son Ludwig. In the \"Diario\", Gigli collected \"outstanding things sacred and profane that would illustrate the annals of Siena\", ordered day-to-day; therefore containing much historical information from previous centuries concerning the customs, traditions, and institutions of Siena."], "answer": {"text": "In August 2003, Lopez starred opposite Affleck in the romantic comedy Gigli. The film was a box office bomb,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_26d947e26813400291d89c802eb5704a_1_q#2", "question": "Did it hurt her music career?", "rewrite": "Did Gigli hurt Lopez's music career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Girolamo Gigli Girolamo Gigli (October 14, 1660 \u2013 January 4, 1722) was an Italian writer and playwright. Born in Siena to the Nenci family, he was adopted by an uncle, from whom he took the surname, Gigli. He married young to Laurenzia Perfetti, with whom he had twelve children. In 1698 he taught at the University of Pavia and later in that of Siena, as Tuscan professor of Literature. He was a regular visitor to the Accademia degli Intronati (he also became secretary), where he was nicknamed \"L'Economico\" (\"The Budget\"). Gigli adapted French comedy with a lively and spontaneous humor. For example, \"Il Don Pilone, ovvero il bacchettone falso\" (1711) is an adaptation of \"Il Tartufo\" by Moli\u00e8re. Here, Gigli uses the language of Siena to make a witty satire of personalities of the era. In \"La sorellina di don Pilone\" (1712), Gigli teases his own family, especially his wife. The same year Gigli wrote \"Il Gazzettino e Avvisi ideali\", mocking characters related to the academic, religious, and courtly worlds. In addition to plays, he also wrote some forty musical compositions. Gigli also engaged in historical research and linguistic diversity. His most notable historical work is the \"Diario Senese\" (or \"Sanese\"), a two-volume work published posthumously in 1723 by his son Ludwig. In the \"Diario\", Gigli collected \"outstanding things sacred and profane that would illustrate the annals of Siena\", ordered day-to-day; therefore containing much historical information from previous centuries concerning the customs, traditions, and institutions of Siena.", "In 1998, Lopez starred alongside George Clooney in the crime film \"Out of Sight\" (1998). The film met with positive reviews and was a box office success. In the same year, she also lent her voice to the animated film \"Antz\". Following the launch of her music career in 1999, Lopez returned to films as the star of the 2000 psychological thriller \"The Cell\". In 2001, Lopez starred in the films \"The Wedding Planner\" and \"Angel Eyes\", which were received unfavorably. The simultaneous release of \"The Wedding Planner\" and her second album \"J.Lo\" made Lopez the first person in history to have a number one album and film in the same week. Lopez starred alongside Ralph Fiennes in the romantic comedy \"Maid in Manhattan\" in 2002. The film received mixed reviews, despite its box office success. In 2003 and 2004 she starred alongside then-boyfriend Ben Affleck in the films \"Gigli\" and \"Jersey Girl\". Critics wrote negatively of both films, and \"Gigli\" is considered one of the worst films of all time. Lopez retained box office success co-starring in the 2004 film \" Shall We Dance?\" alongside Richard Gere. She then co-starred opposite Jane Fonda in the romantic comedy \"Monster-in-Law\" (2005). Following the role, Lopez starred in the independent films \"An Unfinished Life\" (2005), \"Bordertown\" (2006) and \"El Cantante\" (2006); she also acted as the executive producer of the latter. In 2006 and 2007 Lopez worked further behind the scenes as an executive producer of the television series \"South Beach\" and \"DanceLife\", the film \"Feel the Noise\" and the mini-series \"\". Following the birth of her twins in 2008, Lopez took a break from her career.", "In August 2003, Lopez starred opposite Affleck in the romantic comedy Gigli. The film was a box office bomb, and is considered one of the worst films of all time. The film's poor reception was attributed to negative press preceding its release, as well as the media attention surrounding Lopez and Affleck's engagement which largely overshadowed the film. Lopez would later describe this as the lowest point of her career, saying \"[It] was very tough\", \"the tabloid press had just come into existence at the time, so I was like a poster child for that moment.\" In October of that year, she released her next fragrance, Still Jennifer Lopez. Lopez also launched her next fashion label, Sweetface. It was described by Andy Hilfiger as a \"more intellectual, more inspirational collection than J-Lo by Jennifer Lopez. Less sporty, more suede.\" Lopez's clothing lines and two fragrances generated over $300 million in revenue throughout 2004, which made her the 19th richest person under 40. In March 2004, Lopez had a minor role in the film Jersey Girl, alongside Affleck. Her character, Gertrude Steiney, dies during childbirth within the first 15 minutes of the film. From the intense media scrutiny following the couple's break-up, it was noted that \"they may need to put Lopez in a coffin on the poster if they want anyone to come\". In October, Lopez co-starred alongside Richard Gere in the drama Shall We Dance?, a re-make of the 1996 Japanese film of the same title. The film was successful at the box office, and was considered a rebound for Lopez following Gigli. After placing her career on hiatus, Lopez released her fourth studio album, Rebirth, in February 2005.", "Abel Gigli Abel Gigli Mohamed (; born 16 August 1990) is a Somalian footballer who plays as a defender. Gigli made his Serie A debut for Parma on 25 April 2010 in a game against Bologna when he came on as a substitute in the 43rd minute for Massimo Paci. In mid-2010 he was sold to Atletico Roma on a co-ownership deal. On 31 August 2010 he joined Viareggio on a temporary deal. He played once in the league and played 3 times in . He was bought back by Parma on 24 June 2011. In July 2011 he joined Fondi on loan. On 11 July 2013 Gigli was signed by Savona F.B.C. However, on 1 August he was signed by Slovenian club ND Gorica. The paperwork was completed on 9 August. On 9 August 2014 he was signed by Serie B club Crotone. On 1 July 2015 he returned to Slovenia, signing a two-year contract with Maribor. He left the club on 4 February 2016. On 20 September 2016 Lupa Roma signed Gigli on a free transfer. After without a club for more than six months, Gigli was signed by Gozzano in March 2018. The club won the group stage of 2017\u201318 Serie D, as well as participated in the playoffs: the Scudetto Dilettanti. Gigli played two out of possible three matches in the playoffs for the losing semi-finalists. Gigli made his debut for Somalia on 5 September 2019 in the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Zimbabwe, coming on as the first-half substitute. Gigli is of partial Somali descent.", "Gigli Gigli ( ) is a 2003 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Martin Brest and starring Ben Affleck, Jennifer Lopez, Justin Bartha, Al Pacino, Christopher Walken, and Lainie Kazan. Popular media gave attention and interest to the film during production, primarily because Affleck and Lopez, the film's stars, were romantically involved at the time. After release, however, critical reaction was universally negative, and in the years since its release \"Gigli\" has been considered one of the worst films of all time. The film was also one of the most expensive box office bombs in history, grossing $7.2 million against a $75.6 million budget. As of 2019, it is the last film Brest has directed, making it his longest hiatus between projects. Larry Gigli (Ben Affleck) is a low-ranking Los Angeles mobster who is not nearly as tough as he likes to act. Louis (Lenny Venito), a higher-ranking member of Gigli's organization, commands Gigli to kidnap the mentally challenged younger brother of a powerful federal prosecutor to use as a bargaining chip to save New York-based mob boss Starkman (Al Pacino) from prison. Gigli successfully convinces the young man, Brian (Justin Bartha), to go off with him by promising to take him \"to the Baywatch\", apparently a reference to the television show of that name, which seems to be Brian's singular obsession. Louis does not trust Gigli to get the job done right, so he hires a woman calling herself Ricki (Jennifer Lopez) to take charge. Gigli is attracted to Ricki, but he resents both Louis' lack of faith in him and having to take orders from a woman."], "answer": {"text": "After placing her career on hiatus, Lopez released her fourth studio album, Rebirth, in February 2005.", "answer_start": 1569}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Gigli?", "answer": {"text": "In August 2003, Lopez starred opposite Affleck in the romantic comedy Gigli. The film was a box office bomb,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it win a Razzee award?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_26d947e26813400291d89c802eb5704a_1_q#3", "question": "How did Rebirth do?", "rewrite": "How did Rebirth do?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rebirth Brass Band The Rebirth Brass Band is a New Orleans brass band. The group was founded in 1983 by tuba/sousaphone player Philip Frazier, his brother, bass drummer Keith Frazier, and trumpeter Kermit Ruffins, along with other classmates and marching band members from Joseph S. Clark Senior High School, which Firstline Schools will be closing in the spring of 2018, in New Orleans\u2019 Trem\u00e9 neighborhood. The band released its first album in 1984 on Arhoolie Records which was recorded in the Grease Lounge, a Trem\u00e9 neighborhood bar, and in 1989 gained wider notice with a series of releases on Rounder Records. In 2012, Rebirth won the Grammy Award for Best Regional Roots Music Album, the inaugural year of the Grammy category. The band also performed in the Pre-Telecast ceremony for the 54th Annual Grammy Awards. Rebirth Brass Band is known for combining traditional New Orleans brass band music, including the New Orleans tradition of second line, with funk, jazz, soul and hip hop. In 1993, trumpeter Kermit Ruffins and Rebirth split amicably after Ruffins decided to spend more time at home with his young family and forego Rebirth touring engagements. For a time, he accompanied Rebirth at their local events, until he formed his own band, the Barbecue Swingers. Rebirth's longstanding regular Tuesday night gig at the Maple Leaf Bar on Oak Street in the Carrollton neighborhood of Uptown New Orleans is one of the pillars of the New Orleans music scene, and has served as a reliable introduction to the city's nightlife for many new arrivals to the city. During his speech commemorating the 10th year since Hurricane Katrina, President Barack Obama jokingly mentioned that maybe he'll \"finally hear Rebirth at Maple Leaf on Tuesday night\" after he is out of office. The band regularly tours North America and Europe.", "It may not be necessary to believe in some of the core Buddhist doctrines to be a Buddhist, though most Buddhists in Asia do accept these traditional teachings and seek better rebirth. The rebirth, karma, realms of existence and cyclic universe doctrines underpin the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism. It is possible to reinterpret the Buddhist doctrines such as the Four Noble Truths, states Keown, since the final goal and the answer to the problem of suffering is nirvana and not rebirth. According to Konik, Traditional Buddhist scholars disagree with these modernist Western interpretations. Bhikkhu Bodhi, for example, states that rebirth is an integral part of the Buddhist teachings as found in the sutras, despite the problems that \"modernist interpreters of Buddhism\" seem to have with it. Thanissaro Bhikkhu, as another example, rejects the \"modern argument\" that \"one can still obtain all the results of the practice without having to accept the possibility of rebirth.\" He states, \"rebirth has always been a central teaching in the Buddhist tradition.\" According to Owen Flanagan, the Dalai Lama states that \"Buddhists believe in rebirth\" and that this belief has been common among his followers. However, the Dalai Lama's belief, adds Flanagan, is more sophisticated than ordinary Buddhists, because it is not same as reincarnation, rebirth in Buddhism is envisioned as happening without an assumption of an \"atman, self, soul\", rather through a \"consciousness conceived along the anatman lines\". The doctrine of rebirth is considered mandatory in Tibetan Buddhism, and across many Buddhist sects. According to Melford Spiro, the reinterpretations of Buddhism that discard rebirth undermine the Four Noble Truths, for it does not address the existential question for the Buddhist as to \"why live?", "Rebirth (Buddhism) Rebirth in Buddhism refers to its teaching that the actions of a person lead to a new existence after death, in endless cycles called \"sa\u1e43s\u0101ra\". This cycle is considered to be \"dukkha\", unsatisfactory and painful. The cycle stops only if liberation is achieved by insight and the extinguishing of desire. Rebirth is one of the foundational doctrines of Buddhism, along with Karma, nirvana and moksha. The rebirth doctrine in Buddhism, sometimes referred to as reincarnation or metempsychosis, asserts that rebirth does not necessarily take place as another human being, but as an existence in one of the six \"Gati\" (realms) called \"Bhavachakra\". The six realms of rebirth include Deva (heavenly), Asura (demigod), Manusya (human), Tiryak (animals), Preta (ghosts), and Naraka (resident of hell). Rebirth, as stated by various Buddhist traditions, is determined by karma, with good realms favored by \"Kushala\" (good karma), while a rebirth in evil realms is a consequence of \"Akushala\" (bad karma). While Nirvana is the ultimate goal of Buddhist teaching, much of traditional Buddhist practice has been centered on gaining merit and merit transfer, whereby one gains rebirth in the good realms and avoids rebirth in the evil realms. The rebirth doctrine has been a subject of scholarly studies within Buddhism since ancient times, particularly in reconciling the rebirth doctrine with its \"Anatman\" (no self, no soul) doctrine. The Buddhist traditions have disagreed on what it is in a person that is reborn, as well as how quickly the rebirth occurs after each death.", "DC Rebirth DC Rebirth is a 2016 relaunch by the American comic book publisher DC Comics of its entire line of ongoing monthly superhero comic book titles. Using the end of The New 52 initiative in May 2016 as its launching point, DC Rebirth restored the DC Universe to a form much like that prior to the \"Flashpoint\" storyline while still incorporating numerous elements of The New 52, including its continuity. It also saw many of its titles move to a twice-monthly release schedule, along with being released at . DC Comics ended the Rebirth branding in December 2017, opting to include everything under a larger \"DC Universe\" banner and naming. The continuity established by Rebirth continues into the DC Universe. In January 2016, DC Comics co-publishers Dan DiDio and Jim Lee tweeted an image of a blue curtain with the word \"Rebirth\" on it, teasing the event's release. The following month, DC announced its Rebirth initiative, a line-wide relaunch of its titles, to begin in June 2016. Beginning with an 80-page one-shot which was released on May 25, 2016, Rebirth brought \"Action Comics\" and \"Detective Comics\" to their previous numbering (#957 and #934, respectively). It also released all comic titles at the price of , multiple books shifted to a twice-monthly release schedule, a number of existing titles relaunched with new #1s, and several new titles were released. Geoff Johns, president & CCO of DC Entertainment, described the 80-page one-shot as \"re-laying the groundwork for DC's future while celebrating the past and present. It's not about throwing anything away. It's quite the opposite.\" On the initiative, which was described as a rebirth of the DC Universe, Johns called Rebirth more \"in the same vein as \"\" and \"\".", "Less than a week later, DC revealed the title would receive a third printing, again being released at with a square-bound format and a new cover from Frank. Additionally, the first wave of Rebirth one-shots \u2013 \"Batman: Rebirth\", \"Green Lanterns: Rebirth\", \"Superman: Rebirth\" and \"Green Arrow: Rebirth\" \u2013 also received second printings, with a recolored Rebirth banner to differentiate it from the original printing. A fourth printing featured a cover by Ethan Van Sciver depicting the scene where Wally West interrupts Batman in the Batcave, with the image of three Jokers on the Batcomputer. \" DC Universe: Rebirth Special\"s fifth printing, announced in August 2016, featured a new cover by Phil Jimenez that depicts Barry Allen and Wally West grabbing each other's hands. In September 2016, DC announced the \"Justice League vs. Suicide Squad\" miniseries for release in December 2016 through January 2017, which would \"reintroduce a supervillain that hasn't been seen for some time.\" Johns called the story in the miniseries \"another building block to 'Rebirth\u2019\" that would \"set the stage for \u2018Rebirth\u2019 Phase 2\" with the reemergence of \"a surprising team... and another piece of the puzzle of the future of the DC Universe, and the past, [coming] into focus. \" The second phase of Rebirth began in February 2017, with the launch of \"Justice League of America\", \"Super Sons\", and \"Batwoman\". In January 2017, DC announced the four-issue storyline \"The Button\" for release in April and May 2017."], "answer": {"text": "The album produced the single \"Get Right\", which peaked at number one in the United Kingdom.", "answer_start": 597}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Gigli?", "answer": {"text": "In August 2003, Lopez starred opposite Affleck in the romantic comedy Gigli. The film was a box office bomb,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it win a Razzee award?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it hurt her music career?", "answer": {"text": "After placing her career on hiatus, Lopez released her fourth studio album, Rebirth, in February 2005.", "answer_start": 1569, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_26d947e26813400291d89c802eb5704a_1_q#5", "question": "What else happened during this time?", "rewrite": "Besides Gigli and Rebirth, what else happened during Lopez's career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Gigli Gigli ( ) is a 2003 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Martin Brest and starring Ben Affleck, Jennifer Lopez, Justin Bartha, Al Pacino, Christopher Walken, and Lainie Kazan. Popular media gave attention and interest to the film during production, primarily because Affleck and Lopez, the film's stars, were romantically involved at the time. After release, however, critical reaction was universally negative, and in the years since its release \"Gigli\" has been considered one of the worst films of all time. The film was also one of the most expensive box office bombs in history, grossing $7.2 million against a $75.6 million budget. As of 2019, it is the last film Brest has directed, making it his longest hiatus between projects. Larry Gigli (Ben Affleck) is a low-ranking Los Angeles mobster who is not nearly as tough as he likes to act. Louis (Lenny Venito), a higher-ranking member of Gigli's organization, commands Gigli to kidnap the mentally challenged younger brother of a powerful federal prosecutor to use as a bargaining chip to save New York-based mob boss Starkman (Al Pacino) from prison. Gigli successfully convinces the young man, Brian (Justin Bartha), to go off with him by promising to take him \"to the Baywatch\", apparently a reference to the television show of that name, which seems to be Brian's singular obsession. Louis does not trust Gigli to get the job done right, so he hires a woman calling herself Ricki (Jennifer Lopez) to take charge. Gigli is attracted to Ricki, but he resents both Louis' lack of faith in him and having to take orders from a woman.", "In August 2003, Lopez starred opposite Affleck in the romantic comedy Gigli. The film was a box office bomb, and is considered one of the worst films of all time. The film's poor reception was attributed to negative press preceding its release, as well as the media attention surrounding Lopez and Affleck's engagement which largely overshadowed the film. Lopez would later describe this as the lowest point of her career, saying \"[It] was very tough\", \"the tabloid press had just come into existence at the time, so I was like a poster child for that moment.\" In October of that year, she released her next fragrance, Still Jennifer Lopez. Lopez also launched her next fashion label, Sweetface. It was described by Andy Hilfiger as a \"more intellectual, more inspirational collection than J-Lo by Jennifer Lopez. Less sporty, more suede.\" Lopez's clothing lines and two fragrances generated over $300 million in revenue throughout 2004, which made her the 19th richest person under 40. In March 2004, Lopez had a minor role in the film Jersey Girl, alongside Affleck. Her character, Gertrude Steiney, dies during childbirth within the first 15 minutes of the film. From the intense media scrutiny following the couple's break-up, it was noted that \"they may need to put Lopez in a coffin on the poster if they want anyone to come\". In October, Lopez co-starred alongside Richard Gere in the drama Shall We Dance?, a re-make of the 1996 Japanese film of the same title. The film was successful at the box office, and was considered a rebound for Lopez following Gigli. After placing her career on hiatus, Lopez released her fourth studio album, Rebirth, in February 2005.", "A second foundation sire was recognized in 1991, Harrison Chief. This sire was a descendant of the Thoroughbred Messenger, who is also considered a foundation stallion for the Standardbred breed. During the American Civil War, American Saddlebreds were commonly used by the military, and known for their bravery and endurance. Many officers used them as mounts, and included in their numbers are General Lee's Traveller, General Grant's Cincinnati, General Sherman's Lexington, and General Jackson's Little Sorrell. Other generals who used them during the conflict include John Hunt Morgan and Basil W. Duke during his time with Morgan's Raiders. Kentucky Saddlers were used during brutal marches with the latter group, and the historical record suggests that they held up better than horses of other breeds. The American Saddlebred Horse Association was formed in 1891, then called the National Saddle Horse Breeders Association (NSHBA). Private individuals had produced studbooks for other breeds, such as the Morgan, as early as 1857, but the NSHBA was the first national association for an American-developed breed of horse. A member of Morgan's Raiders, General John Breckinridge Castleman, was instrumental in forming the NSHBA. In 1899, the organization name was changed to the American Saddle Horse Breeders Association, clarifying the breed's name as the \"American Saddle Horse,\" not simply \"Saddle Horse.\" After World War I, the American Saddlebred began to be exported to South Africa, and it is now the most popular non-racing breed in that country. Saddlebred horse show standards continued to evolve through the 1920s, as the popularity of the breed grew. The Saddlebred industry slowed during World War II, but began to grow again post-war, with Mexico, Missouri earning the title \"Saddle Horse Capital of the World\".", "Beniamino Gigli Beniamino Gigli (; 20 March 1890 \u2013 30 November 1957) was an Italian opera singer. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest tenors of his generation. Gigli was born in Recanati, in the Marche, the son of a shoemaker who loved opera. His parents did not, however, view music as a secure career. Beniamino's brother Lorenzo became a well-known painter. In 1914, he won first prize in an international singing competition in Parma. His operatic debut came on 15 October 1914, when he played Enzo in Amilcare Ponchielli's \"La Gioconda\" in Rovigo, following which he was in great demand. Gigli made many important debuts in quick succession, and always in \"Mefistofele\": Teatro Massimo in Palermo (31 March 1915), Teatro di San Carlo in Naples (26 December 1915), Teatro Costanzi di Roma (26 December 1916), La Scala, Milan (19 November 1918) and finally the Metropolitan Opera, New York City (26 November 1920). Two other great Italian tenors present on the roster of Met singers during the 1920s also happened to be Gigli's chief contemporary rivals for tenor supremacy in the Italian repertory\u2014namely, Giovanni Martinelli and Giacomo Lauri-Volpi. Some of the roles with which Gigli became particularly associated during this period included Edgardo in Donizetti's \"Lucia di Lammermoor\", Rodolfo in Giacomo Puccini's \"La Boh\u00e8me\" and the title role in Umberto Giordano's \"Andrea Ch\u00e9nier\", both of which he would later record in full. Gigli rose to true international prominence after the death of the great Italian tenor Enrico Caruso in 1921.", "Abel Gigli Abel Gigli Mohamed (; born 16 August 1990) is a Somalian footballer who plays as a defender. Gigli made his Serie A debut for Parma on 25 April 2010 in a game against Bologna when he came on as a substitute in the 43rd minute for Massimo Paci. In mid-2010 he was sold to Atletico Roma on a co-ownership deal. On 31 August 2010 he joined Viareggio on a temporary deal. He played once in the league and played 3 times in . He was bought back by Parma on 24 June 2011. In July 2011 he joined Fondi on loan. On 11 July 2013 Gigli was signed by Savona F.B.C. However, on 1 August he was signed by Slovenian club ND Gorica. The paperwork was completed on 9 August. On 9 August 2014 he was signed by Serie B club Crotone. On 1 July 2015 he returned to Slovenia, signing a two-year contract with Maribor. He left the club on 4 February 2016. On 20 September 2016 Lupa Roma signed Gigli on a free transfer. After without a club for more than six months, Gigli was signed by Gozzano in March 2018. The club won the group stage of 2017\u201318 Serie D, as well as participated in the playoffs: the Scudetto Dilettanti. Gigli played two out of possible three matches in the playoffs for the losing semi-finalists. Gigli made his debut for Somalia on 5 September 2019 in the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Zimbabwe, coming on as the first-half substitute. Gigli is of partial Somali descent."], "answer": {"text": "In May, she starred alongside Jane Fonda in the romantic comedy Monster-in-Law, for which she received a salary of $15 million.", "answer_start": 690}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Gigli?", "answer": {"text": "In August 2003, Lopez starred opposite Affleck in the romantic comedy Gigli. The film was a box office bomb,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it win a Razzee award?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it hurt her music career?", "answer": {"text": "After placing her career on hiatus, Lopez released her fourth studio album, Rebirth, in February 2005.", "answer_start": 1569, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Rebirth do?", "answer": {"text": "The album produced the single \"Get Right\", which peaked at number one in the United Kingdom.", "answer_start": 597, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did she tour for the record?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_26d947e26813400291d89c802eb5704a_1_q#6", "question": "How did that movie perform?", "rewrite": "How did Monster-in-Law perform?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2018 Pan Am Badminton Championships The XXII 2018 Pan Am Badminton Championships is a continental championships tournament of badminton in Pan America. This tournament were held as two events in different countries. From 15 to 18 February, the team event was held in Tacarigua, Trinidad and Tobago. From 26 to 29 April, the individual event will be held in Guatemala City, Guatemala. The team event of 2018 Pan Am Badminton Championships officially Male & Female Pan Am Team Continental Championships 2018, is a continental stage tournament of Thomas and Uber Cups, and also to crown the best men's and women's badminton team in Pan America. This event organized by the Badminton Pan Am and Trinidad and Tobago Badminton Association. 15 teams, consisting of 8 men's teams and 7 women's teams entered the tournament. The individual event of Pan Am Badminton Championships is an individual continental championships tournament of badminton, to crowns the best male and female players and pairs in Pan America. The point of this tournament graded as BWF World Tour Super 100 event. This event organized by the Badminton Pan Am and Federacion Nacional de Badminton Guatemala. Below is the tables with the point distribution for each phase of the individual event tournament based on the BWF points system for the Pan Am Badminton Championships. < section end= Bracket1 / > ", "2018 All Africa Men's and Women's Team Badminton Championships The 2018 All Africa Men's and Women's Team Badminton Championships is a continental stage tournament of Thomas and Uber Cups, and also to crown the best men's and women's badminton team in Africa. This tournament will be held in Algiers, Algeria between 12-15 February 2018. The All Africa Men's and Women's Team Badminton Championships officially crowns the best male and female national badminton teams in Africa and at the same time works as the African qualification event towards the 2018 Thomas & Uber Cup finals. 19 teams consisting of 12 men's team and 7 women's team have entered the tournament. Venue of this tournament is Salle OMS Hac\u00e8ne Harcha Arena, in Algiers, Algeria. The host country, Algeria has been crowned the champion in the men's team event. The Algeria team beating Nigeria with the score 3\u20132, and Nigeria settle for the silver medal. It is the first time for Algeria to win the competition, and also will be the first time for the team to participate at the Thomas Cup final. The men's team bronze goes to Mauritius and Ghana. The team lose in the semifinal round to Algeria and Nigeria, both with the score 3\u20131 respectively. < section end= Bracket1 / > The Mauritian women's team clinched the title and won the gold medal after beating the flagship country of African badminton, Nigeria. Under the coach from Malaysia, Krishnan Yogendran, Mauritius defeating Nigeria with the score 3\u20130. The Egypt and Algeria women's team were placed third in the competition and won the bronze medal. Both teams defeated in the semifinal by Nigeria and Mauritius with the score 3\u20132 respectively. ", " ", "B\u00e2timent des Forces motrices The B\u00e2timent des Forces motrices (BFM) , French for \"Power plant building\", is the power house of a former hydro power plant and waterworks in Geneva called Usine des Forces Motrices, later Usine des Forces Motrices de la Coulouvreni\u00e8re. The structure is positioned near the point where the River Rh\u00f4ne flows out of Lake Geneva towards Lyon. It was created between 1883 and 1892 (and subjected to subsequent improvements) to exploit the flow of the river to provide water pressure to feed the city's water supply and a hydraulic power network. Furthermore, the weir of the structure was designed to regulate the level of the lake. The structure lost its original function as a power source in 1963, but it nevertheless continued to house pumping equipment to service Geneva's drinking water supply till 1988. The weir of the power plant was used some more years till it was taken over by the in 1995, which is located approximately fifty meters downstream from the BFM. Towards the end of the twentieth century the BFM was converted into an entertainment venue, reopening in 1997 as an opera house / concert hall designed by the architect Bernard Picenni in association with the acoustician Peutz and the scenographer dUCKS sc\u00e9no. At the time when the project was defined as a \"power plant\" there was no automatic correlation between a \"power plant\" and a public electricity supply. The idea in 1882 was to feed power in the form of pressurized water to local manufacturing businesses, who could use it to operate their own powered machinery, which might indeed include generators. Another objective involved using the pumped water to feed the reservoirs of the public drinking water supply. However, in 1887 electricity generation started in a building nearby the BFM, where generators were driven by pressurized water supplied from the BFM.", "2018 Badminton Asia Team Championships The 2018 Badminton Asia Team Championships were held at the Sultan Abdul Halim Stadium in Alor Setar, Malaysia, from 6 to 11 February 2018 and were organised by the Badminton Asia Confederation. This tournament also served as Asian qualification for the 2018 Thomas & Uber Cup. The 2018 Badminton Asia Team Championships officially crowned the best male and female national badminton teams in Asia and at the same time worked as the Asian qualification event towards the 2018 Thomas & Uber Cup finals. 28 teams, consisting of 15 men's teams and 13 women's teams entered the tournament. This tournament was held at Sultan Abdul Halim Stadium in Alor Setar, Malaysia. The seeding were as follows: The draw was held on 23 January 2018, at the tournament venue. The men's team group stage consisted of one group with three teams and three groups each with four teams. The women's team group stage consisted of three groups each with three teams and one group with four teams. ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- < section end= Bracket1 / > ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- "], "answer": {"text": "The film's marketing played up Lopez's \"Gigli-and-tabloid tarnished image\", and it became a box office success.", "answer_start": 818}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Gigli?", "answer": {"text": "In August 2003, Lopez starred opposite Affleck in the romantic comedy Gigli. The film was a box office bomb,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it win a Razzee award?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it hurt her music career?", "answer": {"text": "After placing her career on hiatus, Lopez released her fourth studio album, Rebirth, in February 2005.", "answer_start": 1569, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Rebirth do?", "answer": {"text": "The album produced the single \"Get Right\", which peaked at number one in the United Kingdom.", "answer_start": 597, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did she tour for the record?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened during this time?", "answer": {"text": "In May, she starred alongside Jane Fonda in the romantic comedy Monster-in-Law, for which she received a salary of $15 million.", "answer_start": 690, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_5fc5a96b8acb4ea8becdac7d34b9f057_0_q#0", "question": "Did Gisele B\u00fcndchen have tremendous wealth?", "rewrite": "Did Gisele B\u00fcndchen have tremendous wealth?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["However, only the centerpiece from the 2004 Heavenly \"70\" Fantasy Bra and the 2012 Floral Fantasy Bra and Gift Set have found a buyer. If not bought, the bras are usually dismantled after a year. Heidi Klum and Adriana Lima have worn the Fantasy Bra in three different years. Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Tyra Banks, Karol\u00edna Kurkov\u00e1, and Alessandra Ambrosio have each worn two Fantasy Bras. Tyra Banks also wore the 1996 Million Dollar Miracle Bra during the 1999 fashion show. As of 2018, the fantasy bra has been worn by 8 times by a Brazilian model, 5 times by an American model, 4 times by a German model, and 3 times by a Czech model. The $15 million price tag for the 2000 bra worn by Gisele B\u00fcndchen earned a place in the \"Guinness World Records\" as the most expensive item of lingerie ever created. The $3 million 2009 Harlequin Fantasy Bra and the $2 million 2010 Bombshell Fantasy Bra were designed by Damiani. Listed below are the prices per set (including accessories for the 2007 and 2013 editions, the 2013 bra alone is worth $8,000,000). The 2012 Floral Fantasy Bra was accompanied by a $500,000 perfume bottle. In 2014, for the first time, two fantasy bras were created. They were worn by Alessandra Ambrosio and Adriana Lima and were valued at $2,000,000 each. Since 2003, similar to the Fantasy Bra, one or more models are chosen to wear the \"Swarovski Outfit\" and the \"Swarovski Wings\" every year. The first Swarovski items that were shown on the runway were given to Alessandra Ambrosio.", "The girls met up with Heidi at a rehearsal for a Victoria's Secret fashion show, where they met models such as Tyra Banks and Gisele B\u00fcndchen. The first photo shoot took place on the rooftop of a skyscraper, where the girls were shot by Russell James in Victoria's Secret lingerie. For their first official challenge, the girls were given $100 each to buy an outfit to wear to the Victoria's Secret Show. Jennifer was chosen as the winner by Gisele B\u00fcndchen, and as her prize she got to watch the show. She chose Luise to share the prize. At the first elimination, Andrea and Anne were sent home. \"Original airdate:\" The contestants returned to Germany. Since there were only eight beds available in their new house, the girls had to compromise. The girls were taken to a hair salon to have makeovers. Lena G. had her hair cut short, while Janina refused to let her hair be cut the way the stylist proposed. Heidi's husband Seal visited the girls at the salon. Only C\u00e9line did not receive a makeover, as she left the competition for personal reasons. Back at the loft, the girls were given a runway lesson by Bruce, in which they had to balance a book on their heads while walking. The theme of the photo shoot was iconic styles of the 1930s and 1940s. The girls were shot by Joachim Baldauf and posed with spiders and snakes. At elimination, Rahel was eliminated after landing in the bottom two with Micaela. \"Original airdate:\" It was now down to Jennifer, Lena Meier, Luise, Lena G., Yvonne, Janina, Charlotte and Micaela. Their next challenge is to model at a subway station in D\u00fcsseldorf, where the girls have to do a runway walk on a waiting platform for the passengers waiting on their train.", "Raica Oliveira She resides in Ibiza, Spain. Oliveira was born in Niter\u00f3i, Brazil, the youngest of three children. She has two brothers: Givago (an economist) and Pablo (a lawyer). She graduated from the Sao Vicente de Paula school in Niteroi. Before becoming a model, she practiced bodyboarding. She dreamed of becoming a model since she was ten years old. Oliveira was discovered by the same agent who discovered Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Sergio Mattos. In 1999, Oliveira entered the Elite Model Look contest in Brazil and beat 30,000 girls for the top prize. She was sent to Nice, France, for the final international competition, where she placed second. Soon thereafter, she moved to New York with her mother Concei\u00e7\u00e3o de Oliveira to try to build her career. Raica Oliveira was christened \"The Sensation\" at the 1999 fall fashion shows in Paris and Milan. She was one of the most talked about models of the season alongside Adriana Lima, Maggie Rizer, Oluchi and Karen Elson. Her first campaign was for Christian Dior, shot by photographer Nick Knight; it appeared in the likes of \"Vogue\" and \"Vanity Fair\". In May 2000 Oliveira was one of the models to appear in the Vogue USA edition' segment \"Blame It On Rio\", the photographer was Mario Testino and it also featured Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Fernanda Tavares and others. Becoming one of Brazil's most searched top models led her to be ranked in 2001 by the magazine \"Istoe Gente\" to be one of the best paid Brazilian models, earning US$300,000 for her work, which included walking in more than 76 fashion shows in only two seasons.", "Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2002 The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show is an annual fashion show sponsored by Victoria's Secret, a brand of lingerie and sleepwear. Victoria's Secret uses the show to promote and market its goods in high-profile settings. The show features some of the world's leading fashion models, such as current Victoria's Secret Angels Tyra Banks, Heidi Klum, Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Adriana Lima, and Karol\u00edna Kurkov\u00e1. The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2002 was taped in New York, United States at the 69th Regiment Armory. The show featured musical performances by Destiny's Child, Marc Anthony, and Phil Collins. Angel Karol\u00edna Kurkov\u00e1 was wearing the Victoria's Secret Fantasy Bra : Star of Victoria Fantasy Bra worth $10,000,000. Angels: Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Heidi Klum, Adriana Lima, Tyra Banks, Karol\u00edna Kurkov\u00e1. Returning models: Carmen Kass, Bridget Hall, Naomi Campbell, Fernanda Tavares, Alessandra Ambrosio, Frankie Rayder, Caroline Ribeiro, Oluchi Onweagba. Newcomers: Yfke Sturm, Eugenia Volodina, Lindsay Frimodt, Michelle Alves, Nadine Strittmatter, Raquel Zimmermann, Liya Kebede, Dewi Driegen, Ana Beatriz Barros, Caitriona Balfe, Inga Savits, Ujjwala Raut, Ana Hickmann, Reka Ebergenyi, Let\u00edcia Birkheuer.", "Tom vs Time Tom vs Time is an American documentary web television series created by Gotham Chopra that was released from January 25 to March 12, 2018 on Facebook Watch. The six-episode series follows New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady and provides an intimate look at his off-season training regimen as well as his home life spent with wife Gisele B\u00fcndchen and their children. \"Tom vs Time\" was filmed during \"the Patriots\u2019 winning 2016 season (Brady\u2019s fifth Super Bowl win)\" and provides \"an intimate look at Brady\u2019s home life, including his two children with wife Gisele B\u00fcndchen.\" On January 9, 2018, it was announced that Facebook Watch had given a series order to \"Tom vs Time\", a new docuseries starring football quarterback Tom Brady. The series was created by Gotham Chopra who previously worked with Brady on Audience Network's \"Religion of Sports\" series. Brady granted Chopra extensive access to his life. It was announced that episodes are set to include footage shot at Brady's Brookline, Massachusetts home, with his children and wife, Gisele B\u00fcndchen, on family retreats to Costa Rica, on a trip to Montana (with teammates Julian Edelman and Danny Amendola), on a summer tour of China with his son Jack, and in the car during Brady\u2019s commute to and from work in Foxborough, Massachusetts. Following the Patriots' loss to the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl LII, the release of the series finale was delayed. Chopra went on to explain that the episode had originally been \"tied to the Pats winning the Super Bowl\" and that following their defeat the episode had to be redeveloped. The episode was finally released on March 12, 2018. Simultaneously with the initial series announcement, Facebook released a trailer for the first season of the show."], "answer": {"text": "Forbes estimated Bundchen's 2016 income at $30.5 million.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5fc5a96b8acb4ea8becdac7d34b9f057_0_q#1", "question": "was he happy with this/", "rewrite": "Was Gisele B\u00fcndchen happy with his income of $30.5 million?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["However, only the centerpiece from the 2004 Heavenly \"70\" Fantasy Bra and the 2012 Floral Fantasy Bra and Gift Set have found a buyer. If not bought, the bras are usually dismantled after a year. Heidi Klum and Adriana Lima have worn the Fantasy Bra in three different years. Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Tyra Banks, Karol\u00edna Kurkov\u00e1, and Alessandra Ambrosio have each worn two Fantasy Bras. Tyra Banks also wore the 1996 Million Dollar Miracle Bra during the 1999 fashion show. As of 2018, the fantasy bra has been worn by 8 times by a Brazilian model, 5 times by an American model, 4 times by a German model, and 3 times by a Czech model. The $15 million price tag for the 2000 bra worn by Gisele B\u00fcndchen earned a place in the \"Guinness World Records\" as the most expensive item of lingerie ever created. The $3 million 2009 Harlequin Fantasy Bra and the $2 million 2010 Bombshell Fantasy Bra were designed by Damiani. Listed below are the prices per set (including accessories for the 2007 and 2013 editions, the 2013 bra alone is worth $8,000,000). The 2012 Floral Fantasy Bra was accompanied by a $500,000 perfume bottle. In 2014, for the first time, two fantasy bras were created. They were worn by Alessandra Ambrosio and Adriana Lima and were valued at $2,000,000 each. Since 2003, similar to the Fantasy Bra, one or more models are chosen to wear the \"Swarovski Outfit\" and the \"Swarovski Wings\" every year. The first Swarovski items that were shown on the runway were given to Alessandra Ambrosio.", "Raica Oliveira She resides in Ibiza, Spain. Oliveira was born in Niter\u00f3i, Brazil, the youngest of three children. She has two brothers: Givago (an economist) and Pablo (a lawyer). She graduated from the Sao Vicente de Paula school in Niteroi. Before becoming a model, she practiced bodyboarding. She dreamed of becoming a model since she was ten years old. Oliveira was discovered by the same agent who discovered Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Sergio Mattos. In 1999, Oliveira entered the Elite Model Look contest in Brazil and beat 30,000 girls for the top prize. She was sent to Nice, France, for the final international competition, where she placed second. Soon thereafter, she moved to New York with her mother Concei\u00e7\u00e3o de Oliveira to try to build her career. Raica Oliveira was christened \"The Sensation\" at the 1999 fall fashion shows in Paris and Milan. She was one of the most talked about models of the season alongside Adriana Lima, Maggie Rizer, Oluchi and Karen Elson. Her first campaign was for Christian Dior, shot by photographer Nick Knight; it appeared in the likes of \"Vogue\" and \"Vanity Fair\". In May 2000 Oliveira was one of the models to appear in the Vogue USA edition' segment \"Blame It On Rio\", the photographer was Mario Testino and it also featured Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Fernanda Tavares and others. Becoming one of Brazil's most searched top models led her to be ranked in 2001 by the magazine \"Istoe Gente\" to be one of the best paid Brazilian models, earning US$300,000 for her work, which included walking in more than 76 fashion shows in only two seasons.", "Tom vs Time Tom vs Time is an American documentary web television series created by Gotham Chopra that was released from January 25 to March 12, 2018 on Facebook Watch. The six-episode series follows New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady and provides an intimate look at his off-season training regimen as well as his home life spent with wife Gisele B\u00fcndchen and their children. \"Tom vs Time\" was filmed during \"the Patriots\u2019 winning 2016 season (Brady\u2019s fifth Super Bowl win)\" and provides \"an intimate look at Brady\u2019s home life, including his two children with wife Gisele B\u00fcndchen.\" On January 9, 2018, it was announced that Facebook Watch had given a series order to \"Tom vs Time\", a new docuseries starring football quarterback Tom Brady. The series was created by Gotham Chopra who previously worked with Brady on Audience Network's \"Religion of Sports\" series. Brady granted Chopra extensive access to his life. It was announced that episodes are set to include footage shot at Brady's Brookline, Massachusetts home, with his children and wife, Gisele B\u00fcndchen, on family retreats to Costa Rica, on a trip to Montana (with teammates Julian Edelman and Danny Amendola), on a summer tour of China with his son Jack, and in the car during Brady\u2019s commute to and from work in Foxborough, Massachusetts. Following the Patriots' loss to the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl LII, the release of the series finale was delayed. Chopra went on to explain that the episode had originally been \"tied to the Pats winning the Super Bowl\" and that following their defeat the episode had to be redeveloped. The episode was finally released on March 12, 2018. Simultaneously with the initial series announcement, Facebook released a trailer for the first season of the show.", "Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2001 The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show is an annual fashion show sponsored by Victoria's Secret, a brand of lingerie and sleepwear. Victoria's Secret uses the show to promote and market its goods in high-profile settings. The show features some of the world's leading fashion models, such as current Victoria's Secret Angels Tyra Banks, Heidi Klum, Daniela Pe\u0161tov\u00e1, Gisele B\u00fcndchen, and Adriana Lima. The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2001 was taped in New York, United States at the Bryant Park. The show featured musical performances by Andrea Bocelli and Mary J. Blige. Angel Heidi Klum was wearing the Victoria's Secret Fantasy Bra: The Heavenly Star Bra worth $12,500,000. Index \u2022 Wings Angels: Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Heidi Klum, Adriana Lima, Tyra Banks, Daniela Pe\u0161tov\u00e1. Returning models: Karol\u00edna Kurkov\u00e1, Caroline Ribeiro, Eva Herzigov\u00e1, Mini And\u00e9n, Fernanda Tavares, Trish Goff, Bridget Hall, Aur\u00e9lie Claudel, Rhea Durham, Alessandra Ambrosio, In\u00e9s Rivero. Newcomers: Rie Rasmussen, Maggie Rizer, Alek Wek, Omahyra Mota, Karen Elson, Molly Sims, Audrey Marnay, Di\u00e1na M\u00e9sz\u00e1ros, Anouck Lepere, Emma Heming.", "Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2002 The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show is an annual fashion show sponsored by Victoria's Secret, a brand of lingerie and sleepwear. Victoria's Secret uses the show to promote and market its goods in high-profile settings. The show features some of the world's leading fashion models, such as current Victoria's Secret Angels Tyra Banks, Heidi Klum, Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Adriana Lima, and Karol\u00edna Kurkov\u00e1. The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2002 was taped in New York, United States at the 69th Regiment Armory. The show featured musical performances by Destiny's Child, Marc Anthony, and Phil Collins. Angel Karol\u00edna Kurkov\u00e1 was wearing the Victoria's Secret Fantasy Bra : Star of Victoria Fantasy Bra worth $10,000,000. Angels: Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Heidi Klum, Adriana Lima, Tyra Banks, Karol\u00edna Kurkov\u00e1. Returning models: Carmen Kass, Bridget Hall, Naomi Campbell, Fernanda Tavares, Alessandra Ambrosio, Frankie Rayder, Caroline Ribeiro, Oluchi Onweagba. Newcomers: Yfke Sturm, Eugenia Volodina, Lindsay Frimodt, Michelle Alves, Nadine Strittmatter, Raquel Zimmermann, Liya Kebede, Dewi Driegen, Ana Beatriz Barros, Caitriona Balfe, Inga Savits, Ujjwala Raut, Ana Hickmann, Reka Ebergenyi, Let\u00edcia Birkheuer."], "answer": {"text": "She ranked third on The 20 Youngest Power Women of 2011 List at age 31.", "answer_start": 154}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Gisele B\u00fcndchen have tremendous wealth?", "answer": {"text": "Forbes estimated Bundchen's 2016 income at $30.5 million.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5fc5a96b8acb4ea8becdac7d34b9f057_0_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than Gisele B\u00fcndchen's tremendous wealth, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2001 The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show is an annual fashion show sponsored by Victoria's Secret, a brand of lingerie and sleepwear. Victoria's Secret uses the show to promote and market its goods in high-profile settings. The show features some of the world's leading fashion models, such as current Victoria's Secret Angels Tyra Banks, Heidi Klum, Daniela Pe\u0161tov\u00e1, Gisele B\u00fcndchen, and Adriana Lima. The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2001 was taped in New York, United States at the Bryant Park. The show featured musical performances by Andrea Bocelli and Mary J. Blige. Angel Heidi Klum was wearing the Victoria's Secret Fantasy Bra: The Heavenly Star Bra worth $12,500,000. Index \u2022 Wings Angels: Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Heidi Klum, Adriana Lima, Tyra Banks, Daniela Pe\u0161tov\u00e1. Returning models: Karol\u00edna Kurkov\u00e1, Caroline Ribeiro, Eva Herzigov\u00e1, Mini And\u00e9n, Fernanda Tavares, Trish Goff, Bridget Hall, Aur\u00e9lie Claudel, Rhea Durham, Alessandra Ambrosio, In\u00e9s Rivero. Newcomers: Rie Rasmussen, Maggie Rizer, Alek Wek, Omahyra Mota, Karen Elson, Molly Sims, Audrey Marnay, Di\u00e1na M\u00e9sz\u00e1ros, Anouck Lepere, Emma Heming.", "Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2002 The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show is an annual fashion show sponsored by Victoria's Secret, a brand of lingerie and sleepwear. Victoria's Secret uses the show to promote and market its goods in high-profile settings. The show features some of the world's leading fashion models, such as current Victoria's Secret Angels Tyra Banks, Heidi Klum, Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Adriana Lima, and Karol\u00edna Kurkov\u00e1. The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2002 was taped in New York, United States at the 69th Regiment Armory. The show featured musical performances by Destiny's Child, Marc Anthony, and Phil Collins. Angel Karol\u00edna Kurkov\u00e1 was wearing the Victoria's Secret Fantasy Bra : Star of Victoria Fantasy Bra worth $10,000,000. Angels: Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Heidi Klum, Adriana Lima, Tyra Banks, Karol\u00edna Kurkov\u00e1. Returning models: Carmen Kass, Bridget Hall, Naomi Campbell, Fernanda Tavares, Alessandra Ambrosio, Frankie Rayder, Caroline Ribeiro, Oluchi Onweagba. Newcomers: Yfke Sturm, Eugenia Volodina, Lindsay Frimodt, Michelle Alves, Nadine Strittmatter, Raquel Zimmermann, Liya Kebede, Dewi Driegen, Ana Beatriz Barros, Caitriona Balfe, Inga Savits, Ujjwala Raut, Ana Hickmann, Reka Ebergenyi, Let\u00edcia Birkheuer.", "Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2003 The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show is an annual fashion show sponsored by Victoria's Secret, a brand of lingerie and sleepwear. Victoria's Secret uses the show to promote and market its goods in high-profile settings. The show features some of the world's leading fashion models, such as current Victoria's Secret Angels Tyra Banks, Heidi Klum, Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Adriana Lima, and Karol\u00edna Kurkov\u00e1. The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2003 was taped in New York City, United States at the 69th Regiment Armory. The show featured musical performances by Sting, Mary J. Blige, and Eve. Angel Heidi Klum was wearing the Victoria's Secret Fantasy Bra : Very Sexy Fantasy Bra worth $11,000,000. Angels: Adriana Lima, Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Karol\u00edna Kurkov\u00e1, Tyra Banks, Heidi Klum. Returning Models: Michelle Alves, Alessandra Ambrosio, Carmen Kass, Dewi Driegen, Naomi Campbell, Ana Beatriz Barros, Angela Lindvall, Frankie Rayder, Mini And\u00e9n, Eugenia Volidina, Oluchi Onweagba, Liya Kebede, Lindsay Frimodt, Fernanda Tavares, Let\u00edcia Birkheuer, Ujjwala Raut. Newcomers: Isabeli Fontana, Marcelle Bittar, Jacquetta Wheeler, Margarita Svegzdaite, Deanna Miller.", "Tom vs Time Tom vs Time is an American documentary web television series created by Gotham Chopra that was released from January 25 to March 12, 2018 on Facebook Watch. The six-episode series follows New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady and provides an intimate look at his off-season training regimen as well as his home life spent with wife Gisele B\u00fcndchen and their children. \"Tom vs Time\" was filmed during \"the Patriots\u2019 winning 2016 season (Brady\u2019s fifth Super Bowl win)\" and provides \"an intimate look at Brady\u2019s home life, including his two children with wife Gisele B\u00fcndchen.\" On January 9, 2018, it was announced that Facebook Watch had given a series order to \"Tom vs Time\", a new docuseries starring football quarterback Tom Brady. The series was created by Gotham Chopra who previously worked with Brady on Audience Network's \"Religion of Sports\" series. Brady granted Chopra extensive access to his life. It was announced that episodes are set to include footage shot at Brady's Brookline, Massachusetts home, with his children and wife, Gisele B\u00fcndchen, on family retreats to Costa Rica, on a trip to Montana (with teammates Julian Edelman and Danny Amendola), on a summer tour of China with his son Jack, and in the car during Brady\u2019s commute to and from work in Foxborough, Massachusetts. Following the Patriots' loss to the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl LII, the release of the series finale was delayed. Chopra went on to explain that the episode had originally been \"tied to the Pats winning the Super Bowl\" and that following their defeat the episode had to be redeveloped. The episode was finally released on March 12, 2018. Simultaneously with the initial series announcement, Facebook released a trailer for the first season of the show.", "The girls met up with Heidi at a rehearsal for a Victoria's Secret fashion show, where they met models such as Tyra Banks and Gisele B\u00fcndchen. The first photo shoot took place on the rooftop of a skyscraper, where the girls were shot by Russell James in Victoria's Secret lingerie. For their first official challenge, the girls were given $100 each to buy an outfit to wear to the Victoria's Secret Show. Jennifer was chosen as the winner by Gisele B\u00fcndchen, and as her prize she got to watch the show. She chose Luise to share the prize. At the first elimination, Andrea and Anne were sent home. \"Original airdate:\" The contestants returned to Germany. Since there were only eight beds available in their new house, the girls had to compromise. The girls were taken to a hair salon to have makeovers. Lena G. had her hair cut short, while Janina refused to let her hair be cut the way the stylist proposed. Heidi's husband Seal visited the girls at the salon. Only C\u00e9line did not receive a makeover, as she left the competition for personal reasons. Back at the loft, the girls were given a runway lesson by Bruce, in which they had to balance a book on their heads while walking. The theme of the photo shoot was iconic styles of the 1930s and 1940s. The girls were shot by Joachim Baldauf and posed with spiders and snakes. At elimination, Rahel was eliminated after landing in the bottom two with Micaela. \"Original airdate:\" It was now down to Jennifer, Lena Meier, Luise, Lena G., Yvonne, Janina, Charlotte and Micaela. Their next challenge is to model at a subway station in D\u00fcsseldorf, where the girls have to do a runway walk on a waiting platform for the passengers waiting on their train."], "answer": {"text": "Bundchen, however, disputes the number, telling WSJ.", "answer_start": 1364}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Gisele B\u00fcndchen have tremendous wealth?", "answer": {"text": "Forbes estimated Bundchen's 2016 income at $30.5 million.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he happy with this/", "answer": {"text": "She ranked third on The 20 Youngest Power Women of 2011 List at age 31.", "answer_start": 154, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5fc5a96b8acb4ea8becdac7d34b9f057_0_q#3", "question": "what does he say?", "rewrite": "What does Gisele B\u00fcndchen say about his income?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2002 The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show is an annual fashion show sponsored by Victoria's Secret, a brand of lingerie and sleepwear. Victoria's Secret uses the show to promote and market its goods in high-profile settings. The show features some of the world's leading fashion models, such as current Victoria's Secret Angels Tyra Banks, Heidi Klum, Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Adriana Lima, and Karol\u00edna Kurkov\u00e1. The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2002 was taped in New York, United States at the 69th Regiment Armory. The show featured musical performances by Destiny's Child, Marc Anthony, and Phil Collins. Angel Karol\u00edna Kurkov\u00e1 was wearing the Victoria's Secret Fantasy Bra : Star of Victoria Fantasy Bra worth $10,000,000. Angels: Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Heidi Klum, Adriana Lima, Tyra Banks, Karol\u00edna Kurkov\u00e1. Returning models: Carmen Kass, Bridget Hall, Naomi Campbell, Fernanda Tavares, Alessandra Ambrosio, Frankie Rayder, Caroline Ribeiro, Oluchi Onweagba. Newcomers: Yfke Sturm, Eugenia Volodina, Lindsay Frimodt, Michelle Alves, Nadine Strittmatter, Raquel Zimmermann, Liya Kebede, Dewi Driegen, Ana Beatriz Barros, Caitriona Balfe, Inga Savits, Ujjwala Raut, Ana Hickmann, Reka Ebergenyi, Let\u00edcia Birkheuer.", "However, only the centerpiece from the 2004 Heavenly \"70\" Fantasy Bra and the 2012 Floral Fantasy Bra and Gift Set have found a buyer. If not bought, the bras are usually dismantled after a year. Heidi Klum and Adriana Lima have worn the Fantasy Bra in three different years. Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Tyra Banks, Karol\u00edna Kurkov\u00e1, and Alessandra Ambrosio have each worn two Fantasy Bras. Tyra Banks also wore the 1996 Million Dollar Miracle Bra during the 1999 fashion show. As of 2018, the fantasy bra has been worn by 8 times by a Brazilian model, 5 times by an American model, 4 times by a German model, and 3 times by a Czech model. The $15 million price tag for the 2000 bra worn by Gisele B\u00fcndchen earned a place in the \"Guinness World Records\" as the most expensive item of lingerie ever created. The $3 million 2009 Harlequin Fantasy Bra and the $2 million 2010 Bombshell Fantasy Bra were designed by Damiani. Listed below are the prices per set (including accessories for the 2007 and 2013 editions, the 2013 bra alone is worth $8,000,000). The 2012 Floral Fantasy Bra was accompanied by a $500,000 perfume bottle. In 2014, for the first time, two fantasy bras were created. They were worn by Alessandra Ambrosio and Adriana Lima and were valued at $2,000,000 each. Since 2003, similar to the Fantasy Bra, one or more models are chosen to wear the \"Swarovski Outfit\" and the \"Swarovski Wings\" every year. The first Swarovski items that were shown on the runway were given to Alessandra Ambrosio.", "Tom vs Time Tom vs Time is an American documentary web television series created by Gotham Chopra that was released from January 25 to March 12, 2018 on Facebook Watch. The six-episode series follows New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady and provides an intimate look at his off-season training regimen as well as his home life spent with wife Gisele B\u00fcndchen and their children. \"Tom vs Time\" was filmed during \"the Patriots\u2019 winning 2016 season (Brady\u2019s fifth Super Bowl win)\" and provides \"an intimate look at Brady\u2019s home life, including his two children with wife Gisele B\u00fcndchen.\" On January 9, 2018, it was announced that Facebook Watch had given a series order to \"Tom vs Time\", a new docuseries starring football quarterback Tom Brady. The series was created by Gotham Chopra who previously worked with Brady on Audience Network's \"Religion of Sports\" series. Brady granted Chopra extensive access to his life. It was announced that episodes are set to include footage shot at Brady's Brookline, Massachusetts home, with his children and wife, Gisele B\u00fcndchen, on family retreats to Costa Rica, on a trip to Montana (with teammates Julian Edelman and Danny Amendola), on a summer tour of China with his son Jack, and in the car during Brady\u2019s commute to and from work in Foxborough, Massachusetts. Following the Patriots' loss to the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl LII, the release of the series finale was delayed. Chopra went on to explain that the episode had originally been \"tied to the Pats winning the Super Bowl\" and that following their defeat the episode had to be redeveloped. The episode was finally released on March 12, 2018. Simultaneously with the initial series announcement, Facebook released a trailer for the first season of the show.", "The girls met up with Heidi at a rehearsal for a Victoria's Secret fashion show, where they met models such as Tyra Banks and Gisele B\u00fcndchen. The first photo shoot took place on the rooftop of a skyscraper, where the girls were shot by Russell James in Victoria's Secret lingerie. For their first official challenge, the girls were given $100 each to buy an outfit to wear to the Victoria's Secret Show. Jennifer was chosen as the winner by Gisele B\u00fcndchen, and as her prize she got to watch the show. She chose Luise to share the prize. At the first elimination, Andrea and Anne were sent home. \"Original airdate:\" The contestants returned to Germany. Since there were only eight beds available in their new house, the girls had to compromise. The girls were taken to a hair salon to have makeovers. Lena G. had her hair cut short, while Janina refused to let her hair be cut the way the stylist proposed. Heidi's husband Seal visited the girls at the salon. Only C\u00e9line did not receive a makeover, as she left the competition for personal reasons. Back at the loft, the girls were given a runway lesson by Bruce, in which they had to balance a book on their heads while walking. The theme of the photo shoot was iconic styles of the 1930s and 1940s. The girls were shot by Joachim Baldauf and posed with spiders and snakes. At elimination, Rahel was eliminated after landing in the bottom two with Micaela. \"Original airdate:\" It was now down to Jennifer, Lena Meier, Luise, Lena G., Yvonne, Janina, Charlotte and Micaela. Their next challenge is to model at a subway station in D\u00fcsseldorf, where the girls have to do a runway walk on a waiting platform for the passengers waiting on their train.", "Raica Oliveira She resides in Ibiza, Spain. Oliveira was born in Niter\u00f3i, Brazil, the youngest of three children. She has two brothers: Givago (an economist) and Pablo (a lawyer). She graduated from the Sao Vicente de Paula school in Niteroi. Before becoming a model, she practiced bodyboarding. She dreamed of becoming a model since she was ten years old. Oliveira was discovered by the same agent who discovered Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Sergio Mattos. In 1999, Oliveira entered the Elite Model Look contest in Brazil and beat 30,000 girls for the top prize. She was sent to Nice, France, for the final international competition, where she placed second. Soon thereafter, she moved to New York with her mother Concei\u00e7\u00e3o de Oliveira to try to build her career. Raica Oliveira was christened \"The Sensation\" at the 1999 fall fashion shows in Paris and Milan. She was one of the most talked about models of the season alongside Adriana Lima, Maggie Rizer, Oluchi and Karen Elson. Her first campaign was for Christian Dior, shot by photographer Nick Knight; it appeared in the likes of \"Vogue\" and \"Vanity Fair\". In May 2000 Oliveira was one of the models to appear in the Vogue USA edition' segment \"Blame It On Rio\", the photographer was Mario Testino and it also featured Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Fernanda Tavares and others. Becoming one of Brazil's most searched top models led her to be ranked in 2001 by the magazine \"Istoe Gente\" to be one of the best paid Brazilian models, earning US$300,000 for her work, which included walking in more than 76 fashion shows in only two seasons."], "answer": {"text": "Who are they speaking to when they come up with these numbers? Not my accountant, that's for sure.\"", "answer_start": 1445}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Gisele B\u00fcndchen have tremendous wealth?", "answer": {"text": "Forbes estimated Bundchen's 2016 income at $30.5 million.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he happy with this/", "answer": {"text": "She ranked third on The 20 Youngest Power Women of 2011 List at age 31.", "answer_start": 154, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Bundchen, however, disputes the number, telling WSJ.", "answer_start": 1364, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5fc5a96b8acb4ea8becdac7d34b9f057_0_q#5", "question": "was he the wealthiest person?", "rewrite": "Was Gisele B\u00fcndchen the wealthiest person?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The girls met up with Heidi at a rehearsal for a Victoria's Secret fashion show, where they met models such as Tyra Banks and Gisele B\u00fcndchen. The first photo shoot took place on the rooftop of a skyscraper, where the girls were shot by Russell James in Victoria's Secret lingerie. For their first official challenge, the girls were given $100 each to buy an outfit to wear to the Victoria's Secret Show. Jennifer was chosen as the winner by Gisele B\u00fcndchen, and as her prize she got to watch the show. She chose Luise to share the prize. At the first elimination, Andrea and Anne were sent home. \"Original airdate:\" The contestants returned to Germany. Since there were only eight beds available in their new house, the girls had to compromise. The girls were taken to a hair salon to have makeovers. Lena G. had her hair cut short, while Janina refused to let her hair be cut the way the stylist proposed. Heidi's husband Seal visited the girls at the salon. Only C\u00e9line did not receive a makeover, as she left the competition for personal reasons. Back at the loft, the girls were given a runway lesson by Bruce, in which they had to balance a book on their heads while walking. The theme of the photo shoot was iconic styles of the 1930s and 1940s. The girls were shot by Joachim Baldauf and posed with spiders and snakes. At elimination, Rahel was eliminated after landing in the bottom two with Micaela. \"Original airdate:\" It was now down to Jennifer, Lena Meier, Luise, Lena G., Yvonne, Janina, Charlotte and Micaela. Their next challenge is to model at a subway station in D\u00fcsseldorf, where the girls have to do a runway walk on a waiting platform for the passengers waiting on their train.", "Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2001 The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show is an annual fashion show sponsored by Victoria's Secret, a brand of lingerie and sleepwear. Victoria's Secret uses the show to promote and market its goods in high-profile settings. The show features some of the world's leading fashion models, such as current Victoria's Secret Angels Tyra Banks, Heidi Klum, Daniela Pe\u0161tov\u00e1, Gisele B\u00fcndchen, and Adriana Lima. The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2001 was taped in New York, United States at the Bryant Park. The show featured musical performances by Andrea Bocelli and Mary J. Blige. Angel Heidi Klum was wearing the Victoria's Secret Fantasy Bra: The Heavenly Star Bra worth $12,500,000. Index \u2022 Wings Angels: Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Heidi Klum, Adriana Lima, Tyra Banks, Daniela Pe\u0161tov\u00e1. Returning models: Karol\u00edna Kurkov\u00e1, Caroline Ribeiro, Eva Herzigov\u00e1, Mini And\u00e9n, Fernanda Tavares, Trish Goff, Bridget Hall, Aur\u00e9lie Claudel, Rhea Durham, Alessandra Ambrosio, In\u00e9s Rivero. Newcomers: Rie Rasmussen, Maggie Rizer, Alek Wek, Omahyra Mota, Karen Elson, Molly Sims, Audrey Marnay, Di\u00e1na M\u00e9sz\u00e1ros, Anouck Lepere, Emma Heming.", "Gustavo Chams Gustavo Chams (born May 28 1994) is a Brazilian fashion photographer, designer and visual artist. He is known for photographing celebrities such as Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Thaila Ayala, Isabeli Fontana, Stella McCartney, Gaspard Ulliel, and Caroline Trentini; and for using one of his exhibitions to publicly criticize the 2019 Brazilian president-elect Jair Bolsonaro. Born and raised in Santo Andr\u00e9, Brazil, Gustavo started to work at early age as a digital retoucher and graph operator in a local photography lab. A few years later, as a photographer, he signed his first fashion cover which later granted him access to work with Brazilian local celebrities. His work received notoriety after working with celebrities such as Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Thaila Ayala, Isabeli Fontana, Stella McCartney, Gaspard Ulliel and Caroline Trentini; In 2017, Gustavo created the \"#BrazilianSpring\" project, an artistic manifesto that fought for politico-socio-cultural changes in Brazil\u2014a spring, in reference to the 1848 revolution also known as people's spring. In 2018, Gustavo held a solo art exhibition in Vancouver, Canada, publicly criticizing the 2019 Brazilian president elect Jair Bolsonaro comparing him to the Nazi leader Adolf Hitler. Gustavo received mixed reviews for this exhibition. The \"Jornal de Toronto\" said that Gustavo represents the voice of a social group that opposes the rise of far-right politics in Brazil, but it also questioned whether Gustavo's work had pushed it a little too far.", "However, only the centerpiece from the 2004 Heavenly \"70\" Fantasy Bra and the 2012 Floral Fantasy Bra and Gift Set have found a buyer. If not bought, the bras are usually dismantled after a year. Heidi Klum and Adriana Lima have worn the Fantasy Bra in three different years. Gisele B\u00fcndchen, Tyra Banks, Karol\u00edna Kurkov\u00e1, and Alessandra Ambrosio have each worn two Fantasy Bras. Tyra Banks also wore the 1996 Million Dollar Miracle Bra during the 1999 fashion show. As of 2018, the fantasy bra has been worn by 8 times by a Brazilian model, 5 times by an American model, 4 times by a German model, and 3 times by a Czech model. The $15 million price tag for the 2000 bra worn by Gisele B\u00fcndchen earned a place in the \"Guinness World Records\" as the most expensive item of lingerie ever created. The $3 million 2009 Harlequin Fantasy Bra and the $2 million 2010 Bombshell Fantasy Bra were designed by Damiani. Listed below are the prices per set (including accessories for the 2007 and 2013 editions, the 2013 bra alone is worth $8,000,000). The 2012 Floral Fantasy Bra was accompanied by a $500,000 perfume bottle. In 2014, for the first time, two fantasy bras were created. They were worn by Alessandra Ambrosio and Adriana Lima and were valued at $2,000,000 each. Since 2003, similar to the Fantasy Bra, one or more models are chosen to wear the \"Swarovski Outfit\" and the \"Swarovski Wings\" every year. The first Swarovski items that were shown on the runway were given to Alessandra Ambrosio.", "Tom vs Time Tom vs Time is an American documentary web television series created by Gotham Chopra that was released from January 25 to March 12, 2018 on Facebook Watch. The six-episode series follows New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady and provides an intimate look at his off-season training regimen as well as his home life spent with wife Gisele B\u00fcndchen and their children. \"Tom vs Time\" was filmed during \"the Patriots\u2019 winning 2016 season (Brady\u2019s fifth Super Bowl win)\" and provides \"an intimate look at Brady\u2019s home life, including his two children with wife Gisele B\u00fcndchen.\" On January 9, 2018, it was announced that Facebook Watch had given a series order to \"Tom vs Time\", a new docuseries starring football quarterback Tom Brady. The series was created by Gotham Chopra who previously worked with Brady on Audience Network's \"Religion of Sports\" series. Brady granted Chopra extensive access to his life. It was announced that episodes are set to include footage shot at Brady's Brookline, Massachusetts home, with his children and wife, Gisele B\u00fcndchen, on family retreats to Costa Rica, on a trip to Montana (with teammates Julian Edelman and Danny Amendola), on a summer tour of China with his son Jack, and in the car during Brady\u2019s commute to and from work in Foxborough, Massachusetts. Following the Patriots' loss to the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl LII, the release of the series finale was delayed. Chopra went on to explain that the episode had originally been \"tied to the Pats winning the Super Bowl\" and that following their defeat the episode had to be redeveloped. The episode was finally released on March 12, 2018. Simultaneously with the initial series announcement, Facebook released a trailer for the first season of the show."], "answer": {"text": "In July 2007 Forbes named her the world's top-earning model.", "answer_start": 647}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Gisele B\u00fcndchen have tremendous wealth?", "answer": {"text": "Forbes estimated Bundchen's 2016 income at $30.5 million.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he happy with this/", "answer": {"text": "She ranked third on The 20 Youngest Power Women of 2011 List at age 31.", "answer_start": 154, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Bundchen, however, disputes the number, telling WSJ.", "answer_start": 1364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what does he say?", "answer": {"text": "Who are they speaking to when they come up with these numbers? Not my accountant, that's for sure.\"", "answer_start": 1445, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what does he actually make?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0010955f5148430081e67b941dc3b885_1_q#0", "question": "In what year did John Hartson join Luton Town?", "rewrite": "In what year did John Hartson join Luton Town?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1994\u201395 Luton Town F.C. season During the 1994\u201395 English football season, Luton Town F.C. competed in the Football League First Division. Luton struggled once again in the 1994\u201395 season, with the side struggling to score at home. Pleat's Luton side, including young players such as Oakes, Telfer and John Hartson, reacted positively when Pleat turned down the advances of Tottenham Hotspur to return to North London as manager, and rocketed up to fifth in the table. Hartson was bought by Arsenal for \u00a32,500,000 soon after, a British record for a teenager. The season petered out into obscurity following Hartson's sale, and Luton finished 16th. Pleat then left for a second time, moving to Sheffield Wednesday. \"Luton Town's score comes first\"", "The rights to the Premier League are shared with Sky Sports and Amazon Prime Video, who have 128 live matches, and 20 live matches respectively. The BBC, have highlights of all matches on \"Match of the Day\". BT Sport Score is a weekly television programme broadcast on BT Sport during the football season. The programme was launched in 2016 to rival the BBC's \"Final Score\" and Sky Sports' \"Soccer Saturday\". The programme updates viewers on the progress of association football games in the United Kingdom on Saturday afternoons between 2:45 pm and 5:00 pm. Mark Pougatch and Jules Breach present BT Sport Score with Breach giving updates on Football League games, Fantasy football and social media. Usual pundits on the programme include Robbie Savage, Chris Sutton, Peter Crouch, Karen Carney, Jermaine Jenas, Paul Ince and John Hartson, along with various other guests, with ex Premier League referee, Peter Walton providing analysis on refereeing across the games. Premier League matches are anchored by presenter Jake Humphrey. When Humphrey is not available or if there are two matches in one day, Darrell Currie or Lynsey Hipgrave also present. The studio pundits include, Rio Ferdinand, Joe Cole, Robin van Persie, Jermaine Jenas, Michael Owen, Peter Crouch, Martin Keown, Glenn Hoddle, Steve Mcmanaman, Chris Sutton, John Hartson, Owen Hargreaves, Paul Scholes and Harry Redknapp. Lead commentary is provided by Darren Fletcher and Ian Darke, while co-commentary is provided by Steve Mcmanaman, Robbie Savage, Glenn Hoddle, Martin Keown, Jermaine Jenas, Chris Sutton and John Hartson. Des Kelly, Matt Smith and Andy May are the reporters. BT Sport has exclusive live coverage of the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League and UEFA Super Cup until 2021.", "Nineteen-year-old Welsh striker John Hartson was signed from Luton Town and occupied the first-team place vacated by the injury-hit Alan Smith, who retired from playing months later. However, Hartson was not a regular player the following season and was sold to West Ham United in 1997. George Graham's final season at Arsenal was also the final season at the club for several of the club's key players. Alan Smith, one of his first signings, was forced into retirement by injury several months later. Paul Davis, the club's longest-serving player, was given a free transfer at the season's end, having found his first team opportunities increasingly limited towards the end of his time at Arsenal. Swedish midfielder Stefan Schwarz was sold to Fiorentina that summer after just one season at Highbury. Striker Kevin Campbell, who had struggled to establish himself as a regular player in spite of some impressive performances over five seasons, was sold to Nottingham Forest. Winger Jimmy Carter, who had failed to establish himself as a regular player in four seasons at Arsenal, was sold to Portsmouth. Assistant manager Stewart Houston took charge until the end of the 1994\u201395 season. Arsenal finished 12th in the Premier League. However, they did reach the Cup Winners' Cup final again, after a titanic semi-final against Sampdoria, which they won on penalties after drawing 5\u20135 on aggregate. Arsenal faced Real Zaragoza in the final; Esn\u00e1ider scored for the Spaniards and John Hartson equalised for Arsenal. The game was heading to a 1\u20131 draw and penalties, before midfielder Nayim struck from 40 yards in the 120th minute, in virtually the last kick of the game. David Seaman, who had been Arsenal's hero in the semi-final shootout, could not backpedal fast enough and only got a hand to the ball as it went in.", "Luton laboured once again in 1994\u201395, with the side struggling to score at home. Pleat's Luton side, including young players such as Oakes, Telfer and John Hartson, reacted positively when Pleat turned down the advances of Tottenham Hotspur to return to North London as General Manager, and rocketed up to fifth in the table, and for perhaps the first time in three seasons of Division One football, promotion was looking a real possibility. Hartson was bought by Arsenal for \u00a32,500,000 soon after \u2013 a then-British record for a teenager. The season petered out into obscurity following Hartson's sale, and Luton finished 16th. Pleat left for a second time in the summer of 1995, moving to Sheffield Wednesday. His successor Terry Westley was promoted from youth team coach, but was sacked after just six months in charge. Lennie Lawrence was brought in as a replacement, but he was unable to stop Luton from finishing bottom of Division One. The 1996\u201397 season started just as badly as the last, with three straight losses. However, the introduction of young forward Andrew Fotiadis saw Luton burst into life, as they shot up the table with a run of eight wins and two draws in eleven games. Tony Thorpe, too, proved to be a revelation, scoring 28 goals to become the division's top scorer. Luton were nearly promoted, but finished in third place on goal difference and then lost to Crewe Alexandra in the play-offs. The summer of 1997 saw a Luton Town teenager with only two games under his belt, Matthew Upson, sold to Arsenal for \u00a32 million. To make matters worse, star forward Tony Thorpe was sold to Kevin Keegan's Fulham for \u00a3800,000.", "Matthew Woolgar Matthew Woolgar (born 5 January 1976) is an English retired footballer who played for Luton Town, Baldock Town and Merthyr Tydfil. Woolgar started his career with Luton Town. On 7 September 1993, he made his only appearance for Luton in the 1993\u201394 Anglo-Italian Cup where he replaced John Hartson in the 1\u20131 draw with Southend United. Woolgar moved into non-league football following his spell with Luton and went on to play for Baldock Town and Merthyr Tydfil."], "answer": {"text": "1992", "answer_start": 31}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_0010955f5148430081e67b941dc3b885_1_q#1", "question": "Did John Hartson play for Arsenal?", "rewrite": "Did John Hartson play for Arsenal?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["During 2011, the existing grass football pitch surface at Waterside has been upgraded with the installation of a new drainage system and sand slits. Surface works including levelling, cultivation, top dressing, grass seeding and initial maintenance work have also been carried out. For the parks last event before this work began, a special charity match was arranged with local residents Paul Hartley and former Celtic hit man John Hartson captaining each of their teams. John Hartson bagged a hat-trick and led his side to a comfortable 6\u20133 victory on 11 January. It was the first time Hartson had graced a football pitch since his treatment for cancer. Many local celebrities took part in the match, such as former Saint Ninian's High pupil, and now star of \"The Thick Of It\", Peter Capaldi.", "Nineteen-year-old Welsh striker John Hartson was signed from Luton Town and occupied the first-team place vacated by the injury-hit Alan Smith, who retired from playing months later. However, Hartson was not a regular player the following season and was sold to West Ham United in 1997. George Graham's final season at Arsenal was also the final season at the club for several of the club's key players. Alan Smith, one of his first signings, was forced into retirement by injury several months later. Paul Davis, the club's longest-serving player, was given a free transfer at the season's end, having found his first team opportunities increasingly limited towards the end of his time at Arsenal. Swedish midfielder Stefan Schwarz was sold to Fiorentina that summer after just one season at Highbury. Striker Kevin Campbell, who had struggled to establish himself as a regular player in spite of some impressive performances over five seasons, was sold to Nottingham Forest. Winger Jimmy Carter, who had failed to establish himself as a regular player in four seasons at Arsenal, was sold to Portsmouth. Assistant manager Stewart Houston took charge until the end of the 1994\u201395 season. Arsenal finished 12th in the Premier League. However, they did reach the Cup Winners' Cup final again, after a titanic semi-final against Sampdoria, which they won on penalties after drawing 5\u20135 on aggregate. Arsenal faced Real Zaragoza in the final; Esn\u00e1ider scored for the Spaniards and John Hartson equalised for Arsenal. The game was heading to a 1\u20131 draw and penalties, before midfielder Nayim struck from 40 yards in the 120th minute, in virtually the last kick of the game. David Seaman, who had been Arsenal's hero in the semi-final shootout, could not backpedal fast enough and only got a hand to the ball as it went in.", "The rights to the Premier League are shared with Sky Sports and Amazon Prime Video, who have 128 live matches, and 20 live matches respectively. The BBC, have highlights of all matches on \"Match of the Day\". BT Sport Score is a weekly television programme broadcast on BT Sport during the football season. The programme was launched in 2016 to rival the BBC's \"Final Score\" and Sky Sports' \"Soccer Saturday\". The programme updates viewers on the progress of association football games in the United Kingdom on Saturday afternoons between 2:45 pm and 5:00 pm. Mark Pougatch and Jules Breach present BT Sport Score with Breach giving updates on Football League games, Fantasy football and social media. Usual pundits on the programme include Robbie Savage, Chris Sutton, Peter Crouch, Karen Carney, Jermaine Jenas, Paul Ince and John Hartson, along with various other guests, with ex Premier League referee, Peter Walton providing analysis on refereeing across the games. Premier League matches are anchored by presenter Jake Humphrey. When Humphrey is not available or if there are two matches in one day, Darrell Currie or Lynsey Hipgrave also present. The studio pundits include, Rio Ferdinand, Joe Cole, Robin van Persie, Jermaine Jenas, Michael Owen, Peter Crouch, Martin Keown, Glenn Hoddle, Steve Mcmanaman, Chris Sutton, John Hartson, Owen Hargreaves, Paul Scholes and Harry Redknapp. Lead commentary is provided by Darren Fletcher and Ian Darke, while co-commentary is provided by Steve Mcmanaman, Robbie Savage, Glenn Hoddle, Martin Keown, Jermaine Jenas, Chris Sutton and John Hartson. Des Kelly, Matt Smith and Andy May are the reporters. BT Sport has exclusive live coverage of the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League and UEFA Super Cup until 2021.", "Luton laboured once again in 1994\u201395, with the side struggling to score at home. Pleat's Luton side, including young players such as Oakes, Telfer and John Hartson, reacted positively when Pleat turned down the advances of Tottenham Hotspur to return to North London as General Manager, and rocketed up to fifth in the table, and for perhaps the first time in three seasons of Division One football, promotion was looking a real possibility. Hartson was bought by Arsenal for \u00a32,500,000 soon after \u2013 a then-British record for a teenager. The season petered out into obscurity following Hartson's sale, and Luton finished 16th. Pleat left for a second time in the summer of 1995, moving to Sheffield Wednesday. His successor Terry Westley was promoted from youth team coach, but was sacked after just six months in charge. Lennie Lawrence was brought in as a replacement, but he was unable to stop Luton from finishing bottom of Division One. The 1996\u201397 season started just as badly as the last, with three straight losses. However, the introduction of young forward Andrew Fotiadis saw Luton burst into life, as they shot up the table with a run of eight wins and two draws in eleven games. Tony Thorpe, too, proved to be a revelation, scoring 28 goals to become the division's top scorer. Luton were nearly promoted, but finished in third place on goal difference and then lost to Crewe Alexandra in the play-offs. The summer of 1997 saw a Luton Town teenager with only two games under his belt, Matthew Upson, sold to Arsenal for \u00a32 million. To make matters worse, star forward Tony Thorpe was sold to Kevin Keegan's Fulham for \u00a3800,000.", "A Stilyan Petrov goal in the second half clinched a 3\u20131 win. A reported 10,000 Celtic fans travelled to Germany to cheer on Celtic in the second leg. John Hartson returned from suspension to the starting line-up whilst defender Ulrik Laursen also came into the side; with Shaun Maloney and Jackie McNamara dropping out. After early pressure from Stuttgart, Celtic scored on 12 minutes; Hartson played a pass from midfield out wide right to Didier Agathe, who raced down the wing and on reaching the bye-line crossed in to the Stuttgart penalty box. Hartson headed the ball towards the back post and Alan Thompson scored with a diving header. Two minutes later Celtic extended their lead. Agathe was again the provider, racing 50 yards down the right wing and cutting the ball into the penalty box to Chris Sutton who scored from close range with a powerful shot. That left Stuttgart requiring to score five goals to salvage the tie. A comeback by the Bundesliga club saw them eventually win 3\u20132 on the second leg, but Celtic won the tie 5\u20134 on aggregate. The quarter-finals saw another English Premiership opponent for Celtic, this time Liverpool. Liverpool was competing in the UEFA Cup after it finished third in Group B of the 2002\u201303 Champions League, which also featured Celtic's conquerors in the qualifying round, FC Basel, who finished second. The first leg took place at Celtic Park on 13 March 2003. This clash was again billed as the \"Battle of Britain\". Before kick off, Gerry Marsden led both sets of supporters in a rousing version of \"You'll Never Walk Alone\". Celtic then started the match on the attack, John Hartson hitting the crossbar after only 12 seconds. Henrik Larsson, in his first match back after recovering from a broken jaw, then opened the scoring after 100 seconds, netting from close range."], "answer": {"text": "In January 1995, at 19, he joined Arsenal", "answer_start": 159}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "In what year did John Hartson join Luton Town?", "answer": {"text": "1992", "answer_start": 31, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0010955f5148430081e67b941dc3b885_1_q#3", "question": "What year did he leave Arsenal?", "rewrite": "What year did John Hartson leave Arsenal?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Nineteen-year-old Welsh striker John Hartson was signed from Luton Town and occupied the first-team place vacated by the injury-hit Alan Smith, who retired from playing months later. However, Hartson was not a regular player the following season and was sold to West Ham United in 1997. George Graham's final season at Arsenal was also the final season at the club for several of the club's key players. Alan Smith, one of his first signings, was forced into retirement by injury several months later. Paul Davis, the club's longest-serving player, was given a free transfer at the season's end, having found his first team opportunities increasingly limited towards the end of his time at Arsenal. Swedish midfielder Stefan Schwarz was sold to Fiorentina that summer after just one season at Highbury. Striker Kevin Campbell, who had struggled to establish himself as a regular player in spite of some impressive performances over five seasons, was sold to Nottingham Forest. Winger Jimmy Carter, who had failed to establish himself as a regular player in four seasons at Arsenal, was sold to Portsmouth. Assistant manager Stewart Houston took charge until the end of the 1994\u201395 season. Arsenal finished 12th in the Premier League. However, they did reach the Cup Winners' Cup final again, after a titanic semi-final against Sampdoria, which they won on penalties after drawing 5\u20135 on aggregate. Arsenal faced Real Zaragoza in the final; Esn\u00e1ider scored for the Spaniards and John Hartson equalised for Arsenal. The game was heading to a 1\u20131 draw and penalties, before midfielder Nayim struck from 40 yards in the 120th minute, in virtually the last kick of the game. David Seaman, who had been Arsenal's hero in the semi-final shootout, could not backpedal fast enough and only got a hand to the ball as it went in.", "A Stilyan Petrov goal in the second half clinched a 3\u20131 win. A reported 10,000 Celtic fans travelled to Germany to cheer on Celtic in the second leg. John Hartson returned from suspension to the starting line-up whilst defender Ulrik Laursen also came into the side; with Shaun Maloney and Jackie McNamara dropping out. After early pressure from Stuttgart, Celtic scored on 12 minutes; Hartson played a pass from midfield out wide right to Didier Agathe, who raced down the wing and on reaching the bye-line crossed in to the Stuttgart penalty box. Hartson headed the ball towards the back post and Alan Thompson scored with a diving header. Two minutes later Celtic extended their lead. Agathe was again the provider, racing 50 yards down the right wing and cutting the ball into the penalty box to Chris Sutton who scored from close range with a powerful shot. That left Stuttgart requiring to score five goals to salvage the tie. A comeback by the Bundesliga club saw them eventually win 3\u20132 on the second leg, but Celtic won the tie 5\u20134 on aggregate. The quarter-finals saw another English Premiership opponent for Celtic, this time Liverpool. Liverpool was competing in the UEFA Cup after it finished third in Group B of the 2002\u201303 Champions League, which also featured Celtic's conquerors in the qualifying round, FC Basel, who finished second. The first leg took place at Celtic Park on 13 March 2003. This clash was again billed as the \"Battle of Britain\". Before kick off, Gerry Marsden led both sets of supporters in a rousing version of \"You'll Never Walk Alone\". Celtic then started the match on the attack, John Hartson hitting the crossbar after only 12 seconds. Henrik Larsson, in his first match back after recovering from a broken jaw, then opened the scoring after 100 seconds, netting from close range.", "Luton laboured once again in 1994\u201395, with the side struggling to score at home. Pleat's Luton side, including young players such as Oakes, Telfer and John Hartson, reacted positively when Pleat turned down the advances of Tottenham Hotspur to return to North London as General Manager, and rocketed up to fifth in the table, and for perhaps the first time in three seasons of Division One football, promotion was looking a real possibility. Hartson was bought by Arsenal for \u00a32,500,000 soon after \u2013 a then-British record for a teenager. The season petered out into obscurity following Hartson's sale, and Luton finished 16th. Pleat left for a second time in the summer of 1995, moving to Sheffield Wednesday. His successor Terry Westley was promoted from youth team coach, but was sacked after just six months in charge. Lennie Lawrence was brought in as a replacement, but he was unable to stop Luton from finishing bottom of Division One. The 1996\u201397 season started just as badly as the last, with three straight losses. However, the introduction of young forward Andrew Fotiadis saw Luton burst into life, as they shot up the table with a run of eight wins and two draws in eleven games. Tony Thorpe, too, proved to be a revelation, scoring 28 goals to become the division's top scorer. Luton were nearly promoted, but finished in third place on goal difference and then lost to Crewe Alexandra in the play-offs. The summer of 1997 saw a Luton Town teenager with only two games under his belt, Matthew Upson, sold to Arsenal for \u00a32 million. To make matters worse, star forward Tony Thorpe was sold to Kevin Keegan's Fulham for \u00a3800,000.", "The rights to the Premier League are shared with Sky Sports and Amazon Prime Video, who have 128 live matches, and 20 live matches respectively. The BBC, have highlights of all matches on \"Match of the Day\". BT Sport Score is a weekly television programme broadcast on BT Sport during the football season. The programme was launched in 2016 to rival the BBC's \"Final Score\" and Sky Sports' \"Soccer Saturday\". The programme updates viewers on the progress of association football games in the United Kingdom on Saturday afternoons between 2:45 pm and 5:00 pm. Mark Pougatch and Jules Breach present BT Sport Score with Breach giving updates on Football League games, Fantasy football and social media. Usual pundits on the programme include Robbie Savage, Chris Sutton, Peter Crouch, Karen Carney, Jermaine Jenas, Paul Ince and John Hartson, along with various other guests, with ex Premier League referee, Peter Walton providing analysis on refereeing across the games. Premier League matches are anchored by presenter Jake Humphrey. When Humphrey is not available or if there are two matches in one day, Darrell Currie or Lynsey Hipgrave also present. The studio pundits include, Rio Ferdinand, Joe Cole, Robin van Persie, Jermaine Jenas, Michael Owen, Peter Crouch, Martin Keown, Glenn Hoddle, Steve Mcmanaman, Chris Sutton, John Hartson, Owen Hargreaves, Paul Scholes and Harry Redknapp. Lead commentary is provided by Darren Fletcher and Ian Darke, while co-commentary is provided by Steve Mcmanaman, Robbie Savage, Glenn Hoddle, Martin Keown, Jermaine Jenas, Chris Sutton and John Hartson. Des Kelly, Matt Smith and Andy May are the reporters. BT Sport has exclusive live coverage of the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League and UEFA Super Cup until 2021.", "During 2011, the existing grass football pitch surface at Waterside has been upgraded with the installation of a new drainage system and sand slits. Surface works including levelling, cultivation, top dressing, grass seeding and initial maintenance work have also been carried out. For the parks last event before this work began, a special charity match was arranged with local residents Paul Hartley and former Celtic hit man John Hartson captaining each of their teams. John Hartson bagged a hat-trick and led his side to a comfortable 6\u20133 victory on 11 January. It was the first time Hartson had graced a football pitch since his treatment for cancer. Many local celebrities took part in the match, such as former Saint Ninian's High pupil, and now star of \"The Thick Of It\", Peter Capaldi."], "answer": {"text": "in February 1997", "answer_start": 1266}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "In what year did John Hartson join Luton Town?", "answer": {"text": "1992", "answer_start": 31, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did John Hartson play for Arsenal?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1995, at 19, he joined Arsenal", "answer_start": 159, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many goals did he score in his Arsenal career?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0010955f5148430081e67b941dc3b885_1_q#4", "question": "What position did he play at Arsenal?", "rewrite": "What position did John Hartson play at Arsenal?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["During 2011, the existing grass football pitch surface at Waterside has been upgraded with the installation of a new drainage system and sand slits. Surface works including levelling, cultivation, top dressing, grass seeding and initial maintenance work have also been carried out. For the parks last event before this work began, a special charity match was arranged with local residents Paul Hartley and former Celtic hit man John Hartson captaining each of their teams. John Hartson bagged a hat-trick and led his side to a comfortable 6\u20133 victory on 11 January. It was the first time Hartson had graced a football pitch since his treatment for cancer. Many local celebrities took part in the match, such as former Saint Ninian's High pupil, and now star of \"The Thick Of It\", Peter Capaldi.", "A Stilyan Petrov goal in the second half clinched a 3\u20131 win. A reported 10,000 Celtic fans travelled to Germany to cheer on Celtic in the second leg. John Hartson returned from suspension to the starting line-up whilst defender Ulrik Laursen also came into the side; with Shaun Maloney and Jackie McNamara dropping out. After early pressure from Stuttgart, Celtic scored on 12 minutes; Hartson played a pass from midfield out wide right to Didier Agathe, who raced down the wing and on reaching the bye-line crossed in to the Stuttgart penalty box. Hartson headed the ball towards the back post and Alan Thompson scored with a diving header. Two minutes later Celtic extended their lead. Agathe was again the provider, racing 50 yards down the right wing and cutting the ball into the penalty box to Chris Sutton who scored from close range with a powerful shot. That left Stuttgart requiring to score five goals to salvage the tie. A comeback by the Bundesliga club saw them eventually win 3\u20132 on the second leg, but Celtic won the tie 5\u20134 on aggregate. The quarter-finals saw another English Premiership opponent for Celtic, this time Liverpool. Liverpool was competing in the UEFA Cup after it finished third in Group B of the 2002\u201303 Champions League, which also featured Celtic's conquerors in the qualifying round, FC Basel, who finished second. The first leg took place at Celtic Park on 13 March 2003. This clash was again billed as the \"Battle of Britain\". Before kick off, Gerry Marsden led both sets of supporters in a rousing version of \"You'll Never Walk Alone\". Celtic then started the match on the attack, John Hartson hitting the crossbar after only 12 seconds. Henrik Larsson, in his first match back after recovering from a broken jaw, then opened the scoring after 100 seconds, netting from close range.", "The rights to the Premier League are shared with Sky Sports and Amazon Prime Video, who have 128 live matches, and 20 live matches respectively. The BBC, have highlights of all matches on \"Match of the Day\". BT Sport Score is a weekly television programme broadcast on BT Sport during the football season. The programme was launched in 2016 to rival the BBC's \"Final Score\" and Sky Sports' \"Soccer Saturday\". The programme updates viewers on the progress of association football games in the United Kingdom on Saturday afternoons between 2:45 pm and 5:00 pm. Mark Pougatch and Jules Breach present BT Sport Score with Breach giving updates on Football League games, Fantasy football and social media. Usual pundits on the programme include Robbie Savage, Chris Sutton, Peter Crouch, Karen Carney, Jermaine Jenas, Paul Ince and John Hartson, along with various other guests, with ex Premier League referee, Peter Walton providing analysis on refereeing across the games. Premier League matches are anchored by presenter Jake Humphrey. When Humphrey is not available or if there are two matches in one day, Darrell Currie or Lynsey Hipgrave also present. The studio pundits include, Rio Ferdinand, Joe Cole, Robin van Persie, Jermaine Jenas, Michael Owen, Peter Crouch, Martin Keown, Glenn Hoddle, Steve Mcmanaman, Chris Sutton, John Hartson, Owen Hargreaves, Paul Scholes and Harry Redknapp. Lead commentary is provided by Darren Fletcher and Ian Darke, while co-commentary is provided by Steve Mcmanaman, Robbie Savage, Glenn Hoddle, Martin Keown, Jermaine Jenas, Chris Sutton and John Hartson. Des Kelly, Matt Smith and Andy May are the reporters. BT Sport has exclusive live coverage of the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League and UEFA Super Cup until 2021.", "Luton laboured once again in 1994\u201395, with the side struggling to score at home. Pleat's Luton side, including young players such as Oakes, Telfer and John Hartson, reacted positively when Pleat turned down the advances of Tottenham Hotspur to return to North London as General Manager, and rocketed up to fifth in the table, and for perhaps the first time in three seasons of Division One football, promotion was looking a real possibility. Hartson was bought by Arsenal for \u00a32,500,000 soon after \u2013 a then-British record for a teenager. The season petered out into obscurity following Hartson's sale, and Luton finished 16th. Pleat left for a second time in the summer of 1995, moving to Sheffield Wednesday. His successor Terry Westley was promoted from youth team coach, but was sacked after just six months in charge. Lennie Lawrence was brought in as a replacement, but he was unable to stop Luton from finishing bottom of Division One. The 1996\u201397 season started just as badly as the last, with three straight losses. However, the introduction of young forward Andrew Fotiadis saw Luton burst into life, as they shot up the table with a run of eight wins and two draws in eleven games. Tony Thorpe, too, proved to be a revelation, scoring 28 goals to become the division's top scorer. Luton were nearly promoted, but finished in third place on goal difference and then lost to Crewe Alexandra in the play-offs. The summer of 1997 saw a Luton Town teenager with only two games under his belt, Matthew Upson, sold to Arsenal for \u00a32 million. To make matters worse, star forward Tony Thorpe was sold to Kevin Keegan's Fulham for \u00a3800,000.", "Nineteen-year-old Welsh striker John Hartson was signed from Luton Town and occupied the first-team place vacated by the injury-hit Alan Smith, who retired from playing months later. However, Hartson was not a regular player the following season and was sold to West Ham United in 1997. George Graham's final season at Arsenal was also the final season at the club for several of the club's key players. Alan Smith, one of his first signings, was forced into retirement by injury several months later. Paul Davis, the club's longest-serving player, was given a free transfer at the season's end, having found his first team opportunities increasingly limited towards the end of his time at Arsenal. Swedish midfielder Stefan Schwarz was sold to Fiorentina that summer after just one season at Highbury. Striker Kevin Campbell, who had struggled to establish himself as a regular player in spite of some impressive performances over five seasons, was sold to Nottingham Forest. Winger Jimmy Carter, who had failed to establish himself as a regular player in four seasons at Arsenal, was sold to Portsmouth. Assistant manager Stewart Houston took charge until the end of the 1994\u201395 season. Arsenal finished 12th in the Premier League. However, they did reach the Cup Winners' Cup final again, after a titanic semi-final against Sampdoria, which they won on penalties after drawing 5\u20135 on aggregate. Arsenal faced Real Zaragoza in the final; Esn\u00e1ider scored for the Spaniards and John Hartson equalised for Arsenal. The game was heading to a 1\u20131 draw and penalties, before midfielder Nayim struck from 40 yards in the 120th minute, in virtually the last kick of the game. David Seaman, who had been Arsenal's hero in the semi-final shootout, could not backpedal fast enough and only got a hand to the ball as it went in."], "answer": {"text": "strike-partner", "answer_start": 874}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "In what year did John Hartson join Luton Town?", "answer": {"text": "1992", "answer_start": 31, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did John Hartson play for Arsenal?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1995, at 19, he joined Arsenal", "answer_start": 159, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many goals did he score in his Arsenal career?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did he leave Arsenal?", "answer": {"text": "in February 1997", "answer_start": 1266, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_572c48f92e69426d888da30378eb1ee9_0_q#0", "question": "what was the resurrection of?", "rewrite": "what was the resurrection of?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Here, in the wreathed Chi Rho the death and Resurrection of Christ are shown as inseparable, and the Resurrection is not merely a happy ending tucked at the end of the life of Christ on earth. Given the use of similar symbols on the Roman military banner, this depiction also conveyed another victory, namely that of the Christian faith: the Roman soldiers who had once arrested Jesus and marched him to Calvary now walked under the banner of a resurrected Christ. The cosmic significance of the resurrection in Western theology goes back to Saint Ambrose, who in the 4th century said that \"The universe rose again in Him, the heaven rose again in Him, the earth rose again in Him, for there shall be a new heaven and a new earth\". This theme developed gradually in the West, later than in the East where the resurrection had been linked from an earlier date to redemption and the renewal and rebirth of the whole world. In art this was symbolized by combining the depictions of the resurrection with the Harrowing of Hell in icons and paintings. A good example is from the Chora Church in Istanbul, where John the Baptist, Solomon and other figures are also present, depicting that Christ was not alone in the resurrection. The depiction sequence at the 10th-century Hosios Loukas shows Christ as he pulls Adam from his tomb, followed by Eve, signifying the salvation of humanity after the resurrection. The resurrection of Jesus has long been central to Christian faith and appears within diverse elements of the Christian tradition, from feasts to artistic depictions to religious relics. In Christian teachings, the sacraments derive their saving power from the passion and resurrection of Christ, upon which the salvation of the world entirely depends. An example of the interweaving of the teachings on the resurrection with Christian relics is the application of the concept of \"miraculous image formation\" at the moment of resurrection to the Shroud of Turin.", "It speaks of resurrection of the body, the claim that is made each time we state the historic Apostles' Creed and classic Nicene Creed\", given in \"The United Methodist Hymnal\". In \u00b6128 of the \"Book of Discipline\" of the Free Methodist Church it is written \"There will be a bodily resurrection from the dead of both the just and the unjust, they that have done good unto the resurrection of life, they that have done evil unto the resurrection of the damnation. The resurrected body will be a spiritual body, but the person will be whole identifiable. The Resurrection of Christ is the guarantee of resurrection unto life to those who are in Him.\" John Wesley, the founder of the Methodist Church, in his sermon \" On the Resurrection of the Dead\", defended the doctrine, stating \"There are many places of Scripture that plainly declare it. St. Paul, in the 53d verse of this chapter, tells us that 'this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality.' [1 Corinthians 15:53]. \" In addition, notable Methodist hymns, such as those by Charles Wesley, link 'our resurrection and Christ's resurrection\". In Christian conditionalism, there are several churches, such as the Anabaptists and Socinians of the Reformation, then Seventh-day Adventist Church, Christadelphians, Jehovah's Witnesses, and theologians of different traditions who reject the idea of the immortality of a non-physical soul as a vestige of Neoplatonism, and other pagan traditions. In this school of thought, the dead remain dead (and do not immediately progress to a Heaven, Hell, or Purgatory) until a physical resurrection of some or all of the dead occurs at the end of time, or in Paradise restored on earth, in a general resurrection.", "According to the ecclesial and liturgical vision of this tradition, the weeks of Great Fast is also an occasion to keep up the memory of the beloved Departed through special prayers, renunciation, almsgiving, and so on and thus prepare oneself for a good death and resurrection in Jesus Christ. During the fast faithful of Syro Malabar Church do not use meat, fish, egg, many dairy products, and most favorite food items, and also avoid sexual contacts on all days including Sundays and Feast days. Before European colonisation, Indian Nasranis used to take food only once a day (after 3:00 pm) on all days during Great Fast. Feasts in the Lenten Season The following feasts are always in the Lenten Season: The weeks of Great Resurrection begin on the Resurrection Sunday and run to the feast of Pentecost. The Church celebrates the Resurrection of our Lord during these seven weeks: Jesus\u2019 victory over death, sin, suffering and Satan. It is the Season to exult in the new life obtained through the Resurrection of the Saviour. The church also commemorates various events that occurred after the resurrection of Christ, such as the visits of Jesus to Apostles and the ascension of Jesus. According to eastern Christianity, the Feast of Resurrection is the most important and the greatest feast in a liturgical year. Therefore, the season commemorating resurrection of Christ is also of prime importance in the church liturgy. The first week of the season is celebrated as the 'Week of weeks' as it is the week of resurrection of Christ. Feasts celebrated during the period: The following feasts are always in the season of resurrection: Weeks of apostles (Slihe) starts on the feast of Pentecost, fiftieth day of the Resurrection Sunday. During these days the church commemorates the inauguration of church and the acts of apostles and church fathers, through which the foundation of church wa laid.", "Resurrection Resurrection or anastasis is the concept of coming back to life after death. In a number of ancient religions, a dying-and-rising god is a deity which dies and resurrects. The resurrection of the dead is a standard eschatological belief in the Abrahamic religions. As a religious concept, it is used in two distinct respects: a belief in the resurrection of individual souls that is current and ongoing (Christian idealism, realized eschatology), or else a belief in a singular resurrection of the dead at the end of the world. Some believe the soul is the actual vehicle by which people are resurrected. The death and resurrection of Jesus, an example of resurrection, is the central focus of Christianity. Christian theological debate ensues with regard to what kind of resurrection is factual \u2013 either a \"spiritual\" resurrection with a spirit body into Heaven, or a material resurrection with a restored human body. While most Christians believe Jesus' resurrection from the dead and ascension to Heaven was in a material body, a very small minority believes it was spiritual. Resurrection, from the Latin noun \"resurrectio -onis\", from the verb \"rego\", \"to make straight, rule\" + preposition \"sub\", \"under\", altered to \"subrigo\" and contracted to \"surgo, surrexi, surrectum\" (\"to rise\", \"get up\", \"stand up\") + preposition \"re-\", \"again\", thus literally \"a straightening from under again\". The concept of resurrection is found in the writings of some ancient non-Abrahamic religions in the Middle East. A few extant Egyptian and Canaanite writings allude to dying and rising gods such as Osiris and Baal.", "Universal resurrection Universal resurrection or general resurrection is a doctrine held by some Christian denominations which posits that all of the dead who have ever lived will be resurrected from the dead, generally to stand for a Last Judgment. Orthodox Judaism holds belief in the resurrection of the dead to be one of the cardinal principles of Rabbinic Judaism. Jewish halakhic authority Maimonides set down thirteen main principles of the Jewish faith which have ever since been printed in all Rabbinic \"Siddur\" (prayer books). Resurrection is the thirteenth principle: Judaism, at least in the Second Temple Period at Qumran, traditionally held that there would be a resurrection of just and unjust, but of the very good and very bad, and of Jews only. The extent of the resurrection in 2 Baruch and 4 Ezra is debated by scholars. in the KJV states: \"... there shall be a resurrection of the dead, both of the just and unjust.\" Augustine believed in a universal resurrection of bodies for all immortal souls. The Didache comments 'Not the resurrection of everyone, but, as it says, \"The Lord will come and all his holy ones with him\" (16.7) Many Evangelicals believe in a universal resurrection, but divided into two separate resurrections; at the Second Coming and then again at the Great White Throne. According to the \"Catholic Encyclopedia\" (1911) article on \"General resurrection\" \"The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) teaches that all men, whether elect or reprobate, \"will rise again with their own bodies which they now bear about with them\" (chapter \"\"Firmiter\"\")."], "answer": {"text": "One year after her death, Betsy awoke where she had died,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_572c48f92e69426d888da30378eb1ee9_0_q#2", "question": "what did she do once reunited?", "rewrite": "what did Psylocke do once reunited?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He eventually bids her farewell forever as he teleports away and Psylocke turns to stone and then falls apart. Yet the Crimson Dawn saves Psylocke once again and resurrects her, this time with an all black psi-form and the ability to command the shadows of the Psionic Plane, which allow her to go undetected by the Shadow King. She eventually confronts the Shadow King and pretends to be tempted by his offer to become the Shadow Queen to distract him while Storm freed the other X-Men. However Farouk saw through the ruse; Psylocke sent the X-Men to the physical world and takes the fight directly to the Shadow King, who stretches his powers to the maximum to infect every mind on Earth. Psylocke is intoxicated by the power, but keeps her focus and discovers that the Shadow King has left his nexus, the soul of every person on the Psionic Plane, exposed as his body unravels to reach every mind. Psylocke uses her shadows to contain the nexus and the Shadow King is trapped, but only as long as Psylocke focuses her telepathy on him, which means she can never use her powers again or else he will be set free. Psylocke leaves the Psionic Plane for the last time and reveals what happened to Storm. Sometime later the Shadow King reached Psylocke's mind when she's forced to use Cerebro to cleansed Logan of the Death persona with a little push from each of Logan's closest friends, but Archangel experienced a metamorphosis of his own from his close contact to Apocalypse's handiwork.", "Psylocke pursues a relationship with Fantomex at the end of the story. Psylocke is expelled from Wolverine's School, so she and Storm go on a mission with Puck to hunt down Spiral, who is a drug dealer. It turns out Spiral is not selling drugs, but just using a new telepathic mutant named Ginny to make people think they are high. Bishop returns from the future possessed by the White Owl Demon and hunts Ginny. Storm and Psylocke attempt to cure Bishop, but the demon possesses Ginny. Weapon XIII kidnaps Fantomex, so Cluster seeks help from Psylocke. Pyslocke and Cluster travel to Madripor to hunt Weapon XIII. Weapon XIII uses his power of misdirection (which Fantomex and Cluster not longer possess) to confess his love to Psylocke. She agrees to stay with him only if he allows her to kill Fantomex, who betrayed her during a heist at the Louvre. During a heated battle she decides to free Fantomex and stun Weapon XIII, stating that she is done with all three of them. Psylocke then rehabilitates Bishop, but they are attached by the White Owl. Storm, Puck, and Psylocke are captured and have revenants, or evil clones, made of them. Bishop is eventually able to free them and are confronted by Spiral, who explains that she is trying to save Ginny and wants X-Force to help her. Bishop also realizes that the White Owl is actually Cassandra Nova. The White Owl unleashes the revenants upon Earth after sacrificing a telepath named Philip. The White Owl can only be stopped by the death of a telepath, so she kidnaps Psylocke.", "To prove her readiness to confront the X-Men and her 'other self', Kwannon, in a partial duplicate of Psylocke's former armor, defeats a gang of street thugs on the streets of Tokyo and then later slaughters ninja at Nyoirin's estate. During this time Nyoirin specifically refers to her as Kwannon, while Kwannon states her goal is to \"regain her rightful place as (Nyoirin's) elite assassin\" - making it clear both are aware of her true identity. At Nyoirin's behest Kwannon travels to America, infiltrating the X-Mansion and showing enough skill with her telepathy to mask her mind from Jean Grey, Charles Xavier and Psylocke. She confronts Psylocke in the Danger Room while wearing a facsimile of her former armor, and is shown manifesting her psychic katana on panel for the first time; using the weapon to incapacitate her. Confronted by Charles Xavier and multiple X-Men, Kwannon states that she is the real Betsy Braddock, and that Psylocke is an imposter sent by Nyoirin to assassinate them all. As Kwannon is in Psylocke's former body, their scents are the same and even the mansion computer registers their energy signatures as duplicates, there is considerable doubt as to the veracity of Psylocke's identity. Even Charles Xavier and Jean Grey are unable to immediately telepathically discern the truth, with both women sharing surface psi-signatures. This is exacerbated when Psylocke refuses a deeper telepathic scan as she does not want her mind violated, while Kwannon willingly offers to submit - something Psylocke notes is \"masterfully played\".", "Mindblast, Kitty Pryde, Domino, and Jubilee catch up to Sapphire as Kitty figures out that Psylocke is playing a mind trick on her. Psylocke's voice is heard quoting \"NO MORE SOULS\" as Sapphire's body begins to shatter. In Sapphire Styx's body, Psylocke's soul starts to see her life before she merged with Revanche as she realizes that she is in Sapphire's body. While fighting passed the souls of Sapphire's victims, Psylocke finds a soul sliver of Wolverine which leads to her overpowering Sapphire from within. After Sapphire shatters, Psylocke appears before her teammates. As Magneto is still recovering from what Mindblast put him through, he is unable to keep the rocket containing Rogue and Storm from launching. While Kitty Pryde phases into the rocket, Psylocke joins the battle against the Femme Fatales where she knocks out Bloodlust while Jubilee fights Knockout. Snake Whip goes on the attack while Viper maintains the higher ground. While Kitty frees Rogue and Storm, Psylocke uses an illusion to trick Snake Whip into crashing into the ground. Once on the ground, Rogue takes some of Knockout's strength to add to hers enough to render Knockout unconscious while Domino gets Snake Whip to surrender. After some persuasion from Kitty and Domino, Magneto spares Mindblast's life and leaves her as a gift for helping him to escape. While Magneto denied any knowledge of taking Wolverine's body, he works to destroy the launch site and purge Madripoor of Viper's criminal empire. Back in the Princess Bar's secret room, Domino understands why Wolverine had interests in Madripoor and states that he is still dead. Storm comments that death is an intermission than a conclusion.", "Kwannon also displays intimate knowledge of the X-Men, recognising those present, and correctly identifying that she has never previously met Professor Xavier (whether this is due to careful research on Kwannon and Nyoirin's behalf, or memories she gained from Psylocke is never made clear). Psylocke and Kwannon preferred to settle the question of their identities through combat. However Charles Xavier and Wolverine note anomalies in Kwannon's story - her scent is different to that of Psylocke's from before she went through the Siege, and she is now proficient in Ninjitsu - it's therefore decided that Kwannon, now calling herself Revanche, Psylocke, Gambit and Beast will travel to Japan to search for answers. A rationale for Revanche's choice of new codename is never stated on panel, though it presumably refers to her stated intent of reclaiming her life from Psylocke. Revanche also debuts a new costume, which incorporates colours and elements from Psylocke's former armor. Infiltrating Nyoirin's estate, Kwannon demonstrates intimate knowledge of the buildings and defenses, claiming this is due to being held prisoner there for months. She leads the X-Men to Nyoirin's study, which contains a large portrait of Psylocke in Kwannon's body, titled \"Kwannon In Repose\" - Revanche states this is proof of Psylocke's treachery, however the portrait features purple hair, which Kwannon's body only gained after the mind swap, so it is clearly part of a larger deception by Revanche and Nyoirin."], "answer": {"text": "reunited with the X-Men, helping them against the Saurian Hauk'ka, and Mojo and Spiral.", "answer_start": 104}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was the resurrection of?", "answer": {"text": "One year after her death, Betsy awoke where she had died,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did she die?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_572c48f92e69426d888da30378eb1ee9_0_q#3", "question": "how did she help them?", "rewrite": "how did Psylocke help X-Men?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["To prove her readiness to confront the X-Men and her 'other self', Kwannon, in a partial duplicate of Psylocke's former armor, defeats a gang of street thugs on the streets of Tokyo and then later slaughters ninja at Nyoirin's estate. During this time Nyoirin specifically refers to her as Kwannon, while Kwannon states her goal is to \"regain her rightful place as (Nyoirin's) elite assassin\" - making it clear both are aware of her true identity. At Nyoirin's behest Kwannon travels to America, infiltrating the X-Mansion and showing enough skill with her telepathy to mask her mind from Jean Grey, Charles Xavier and Psylocke. She confronts Psylocke in the Danger Room while wearing a facsimile of her former armor, and is shown manifesting her psychic katana on panel for the first time; using the weapon to incapacitate her. Confronted by Charles Xavier and multiple X-Men, Kwannon states that she is the real Betsy Braddock, and that Psylocke is an imposter sent by Nyoirin to assassinate them all. As Kwannon is in Psylocke's former body, their scents are the same and even the mansion computer registers their energy signatures as duplicates, there is considerable doubt as to the veracity of Psylocke's identity. Even Charles Xavier and Jean Grey are unable to immediately telepathically discern the truth, with both women sharing surface psi-signatures. This is exacerbated when Psylocke refuses a deeper telepathic scan as she does not want her mind violated, while Kwannon willingly offers to submit - something Psylocke notes is \"masterfully played\".", "Alison defended herself, channeling the ambient noise of San Francisco into an intense laser beam, burning off half of Betsy's face and allowing her to regain control. Betsy drove her blade into her own head and confronted the darker counterpart controlling her body on the astral plane. Betsy eventually won, and her psyche returned to Kwannon's body, leaving her original body a corpse yet again. In the aftermath, Psylocke identifies the body as genuine and travels to Japan, intending to re-inter Kwannon, but during an attack by agents of the Hand her original body is destroyed, at the behest of Matsu'o. Psylocke eventually realises this is an attempt by Matsu'o to goad her into performing a mercy killing on him. Psylocke eventually agrees, and projects an illusion of herself as Kwannon to comfort him in his final moments. During the \"Hunt for Wolverine\" storyline, Psylocke's soul is absorbed by Sapphire Styx, leaving her body dead. As Psylocke's soul escapes, Styx's body explodes and she instinctively reforms a new body, identical to her original British body, from Styx's soul power. Later, Kwannon is revealed to be returned to life in her original body, now vacated by Psylocke. She ambushes a henchman in Viper's penthouse, stating in Japanese that she has some questions and manifesting one of Psylocke's psychic knives. Kwannon reappeared in East Transia when the X-Men took on a new version Brotherhood of Evil Mutants. Finding out that this Magneto was actually the clone Joseph, Kwannon killed him with her sword, then told the X-Men while speaking in Japanese that she was trying to remember them and that she was nothing as translated by Wolverine.", "Psylocke pursues a relationship with Fantomex at the end of the story. Psylocke is expelled from Wolverine's School, so she and Storm go on a mission with Puck to hunt down Spiral, who is a drug dealer. It turns out Spiral is not selling drugs, but just using a new telepathic mutant named Ginny to make people think they are high. Bishop returns from the future possessed by the White Owl Demon and hunts Ginny. Storm and Psylocke attempt to cure Bishop, but the demon possesses Ginny. Weapon XIII kidnaps Fantomex, so Cluster seeks help from Psylocke. Pyslocke and Cluster travel to Madripor to hunt Weapon XIII. Weapon XIII uses his power of misdirection (which Fantomex and Cluster not longer possess) to confess his love to Psylocke. She agrees to stay with him only if he allows her to kill Fantomex, who betrayed her during a heist at the Louvre. During a heated battle she decides to free Fantomex and stun Weapon XIII, stating that she is done with all three of them. Psylocke then rehabilitates Bishop, but they are attached by the White Owl. Storm, Puck, and Psylocke are captured and have revenants, or evil clones, made of them. Bishop is eventually able to free them and are confronted by Spiral, who explains that she is trying to save Ginny and wants X-Force to help her. Bishop also realizes that the White Owl is actually Cassandra Nova. The White Owl unleashes the revenants upon Earth after sacrificing a telepath named Philip. The White Owl can only be stopped by the death of a telepath, so she kidnaps Psylocke.", "Kwannon also displays intimate knowledge of the X-Men, recognising those present, and correctly identifying that she has never previously met Professor Xavier (whether this is due to careful research on Kwannon and Nyoirin's behalf, or memories she gained from Psylocke is never made clear). Psylocke and Kwannon preferred to settle the question of their identities through combat. However Charles Xavier and Wolverine note anomalies in Kwannon's story - her scent is different to that of Psylocke's from before she went through the Siege, and she is now proficient in Ninjitsu - it's therefore decided that Kwannon, now calling herself Revanche, Psylocke, Gambit and Beast will travel to Japan to search for answers. A rationale for Revanche's choice of new codename is never stated on panel, though it presumably refers to her stated intent of reclaiming her life from Psylocke. Revanche also debuts a new costume, which incorporates colours and elements from Psylocke's former armor. Infiltrating Nyoirin's estate, Kwannon demonstrates intimate knowledge of the buildings and defenses, claiming this is due to being held prisoner there for months. She leads the X-Men to Nyoirin's study, which contains a large portrait of Psylocke in Kwannon's body, titled \"Kwannon In Repose\" - Revanche states this is proof of Psylocke's treachery, however the portrait features purple hair, which Kwannon's body only gained after the mind swap, so it is clearly part of a larger deception by Revanche and Nyoirin.", "He eventually bids her farewell forever as he teleports away and Psylocke turns to stone and then falls apart. Yet the Crimson Dawn saves Psylocke once again and resurrects her, this time with an all black psi-form and the ability to command the shadows of the Psionic Plane, which allow her to go undetected by the Shadow King. She eventually confronts the Shadow King and pretends to be tempted by his offer to become the Shadow Queen to distract him while Storm freed the other X-Men. However Farouk saw through the ruse; Psylocke sent the X-Men to the physical world and takes the fight directly to the Shadow King, who stretches his powers to the maximum to infect every mind on Earth. Psylocke is intoxicated by the power, but keeps her focus and discovers that the Shadow King has left his nexus, the soul of every person on the Psionic Plane, exposed as his body unravels to reach every mind. Psylocke uses her shadows to contain the nexus and the Shadow King is trapped, but only as long as Psylocke focuses her telepathy on him, which means she can never use her powers again or else he will be set free. Psylocke leaves the Psionic Plane for the last time and reveals what happened to Storm. Sometime later the Shadow King reached Psylocke's mind when she's forced to use Cerebro to cleansed Logan of the Death persona with a little push from each of Logan's closest friends, but Archangel experienced a metamorphosis of his own from his close contact to Apocalypse's handiwork."], "answer": {"text": "but helped defeat them before they could kill Rachel Grey.", "answer_start": 733}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was the resurrection of?", "answer": {"text": "One year after her death, Betsy awoke where she had died,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did she die?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she do once reunited?", "answer": {"text": "reunited with the X-Men, helping them against the Saurian Hauk'ka, and Mojo and Spiral.", "answer_start": 104, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_572c48f92e69426d888da30378eb1ee9_0_q#5", "question": "what was notable about her resuurection?", "rewrite": "what was notable about Psylocke's resuurection?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kwannon also displays intimate knowledge of the X-Men, recognising those present, and correctly identifying that she has never previously met Professor Xavier (whether this is due to careful research on Kwannon and Nyoirin's behalf, or memories she gained from Psylocke is never made clear). Psylocke and Kwannon preferred to settle the question of their identities through combat. However Charles Xavier and Wolverine note anomalies in Kwannon's story - her scent is different to that of Psylocke's from before she went through the Siege, and she is now proficient in Ninjitsu - it's therefore decided that Kwannon, now calling herself Revanche, Psylocke, Gambit and Beast will travel to Japan to search for answers. A rationale for Revanche's choice of new codename is never stated on panel, though it presumably refers to her stated intent of reclaiming her life from Psylocke. Revanche also debuts a new costume, which incorporates colours and elements from Psylocke's former armor. Infiltrating Nyoirin's estate, Kwannon demonstrates intimate knowledge of the buildings and defenses, claiming this is due to being held prisoner there for months. She leads the X-Men to Nyoirin's study, which contains a large portrait of Psylocke in Kwannon's body, titled \"Kwannon In Repose\" - Revanche states this is proof of Psylocke's treachery, however the portrait features purple hair, which Kwannon's body only gained after the mind swap, so it is clearly part of a larger deception by Revanche and Nyoirin.", "The film's Psylocke has a few spoken lines and no genesis story but did show her notable abilities like projecting a purple psychic blade that she uses in combat. Prior to her recruitment by Apocalypse, Psylocke is an American who works for Caliban in Berlin. She survives the film's final battle and goes off on her own, not joining the X-Men. Psylocke was not present in the early drafts of \"Apocalypse\", and was a late addition as the Fourth Horseman after writer-producer Simon Kinberg and director Bryan Singer decided she was the most intriguing character to add. They started to browse the Internet \"and one of the first things that popped up was a piece of fan art of Olivia as Psylocke. \" Munn, who impressed Singer with her knowledge of the character, turned down the opportunity to portray Vanessa Carlysle in \"Deadpool\" to star as Psylocke, but agreed only after making sure she would have a fight scene in the film. Preparing for the role, where she did most of her action stunts herself, Munn has trained gymnastics, taekwondo (in addition to her own black belt), and sword-fighting six hours every day for three months, and also underwent a special diet to get in shape, losing 12 pounds in process. Some stunts were performed by her double Julia Rekaikyna. Psylocke's provocative latex costume was made by a sex shop in Los Angeles; Munn changed its color from standard film X-Men black to purple and experienced various problems with wearing it. Olivia Munn said she has loved Psylocke since her childhood as \"she\u2019s a really, really strong badass female character\" and liked \"that she was the bad guy that had no problem being the bad guy.\"", "To prove her readiness to confront the X-Men and her 'other self', Kwannon, in a partial duplicate of Psylocke's former armor, defeats a gang of street thugs on the streets of Tokyo and then later slaughters ninja at Nyoirin's estate. During this time Nyoirin specifically refers to her as Kwannon, while Kwannon states her goal is to \"regain her rightful place as (Nyoirin's) elite assassin\" - making it clear both are aware of her true identity. At Nyoirin's behest Kwannon travels to America, infiltrating the X-Mansion and showing enough skill with her telepathy to mask her mind from Jean Grey, Charles Xavier and Psylocke. She confronts Psylocke in the Danger Room while wearing a facsimile of her former armor, and is shown manifesting her psychic katana on panel for the first time; using the weapon to incapacitate her. Confronted by Charles Xavier and multiple X-Men, Kwannon states that she is the real Betsy Braddock, and that Psylocke is an imposter sent by Nyoirin to assassinate them all. As Kwannon is in Psylocke's former body, their scents are the same and even the mansion computer registers their energy signatures as duplicates, there is considerable doubt as to the veracity of Psylocke's identity. Even Charles Xavier and Jean Grey are unable to immediately telepathically discern the truth, with both women sharing surface psi-signatures. This is exacerbated when Psylocke refuses a deeper telepathic scan as she does not want her mind violated, while Kwannon willingly offers to submit - something Psylocke notes is \"masterfully played\".", "Psylocke pursues a relationship with Fantomex at the end of the story. Psylocke is expelled from Wolverine's School, so she and Storm go on a mission with Puck to hunt down Spiral, who is a drug dealer. It turns out Spiral is not selling drugs, but just using a new telepathic mutant named Ginny to make people think they are high. Bishop returns from the future possessed by the White Owl Demon and hunts Ginny. Storm and Psylocke attempt to cure Bishop, but the demon possesses Ginny. Weapon XIII kidnaps Fantomex, so Cluster seeks help from Psylocke. Pyslocke and Cluster travel to Madripor to hunt Weapon XIII. Weapon XIII uses his power of misdirection (which Fantomex and Cluster not longer possess) to confess his love to Psylocke. She agrees to stay with him only if he allows her to kill Fantomex, who betrayed her during a heist at the Louvre. During a heated battle she decides to free Fantomex and stun Weapon XIII, stating that she is done with all three of them. Psylocke then rehabilitates Bishop, but they are attached by the White Owl. Storm, Puck, and Psylocke are captured and have revenants, or evil clones, made of them. Bishop is eventually able to free them and are confronted by Spiral, who explains that she is trying to save Ginny and wants X-Force to help her. Bishop also realizes that the White Owl is actually Cassandra Nova. The White Owl unleashes the revenants upon Earth after sacrificing a telepath named Philip. The White Owl can only be stopped by the death of a telepath, so she kidnaps Psylocke.", "He eventually bids her farewell forever as he teleports away and Psylocke turns to stone and then falls apart. Yet the Crimson Dawn saves Psylocke once again and resurrects her, this time with an all black psi-form and the ability to command the shadows of the Psionic Plane, which allow her to go undetected by the Shadow King. She eventually confronts the Shadow King and pretends to be tempted by his offer to become the Shadow Queen to distract him while Storm freed the other X-Men. However Farouk saw through the ruse; Psylocke sent the X-Men to the physical world and takes the fight directly to the Shadow King, who stretches his powers to the maximum to infect every mind on Earth. Psylocke is intoxicated by the power, but keeps her focus and discovers that the Shadow King has left his nexus, the soul of every person on the Psionic Plane, exposed as his body unravels to reach every mind. Psylocke uses her shadows to contain the nexus and the Shadow King is trapped, but only as long as Psylocke focuses her telepathy on him, which means she can never use her powers again or else he will be set free. Psylocke leaves the Psionic Plane for the last time and reveals what happened to Storm. Sometime later the Shadow King reached Psylocke's mind when she's forced to use Cerebro to cleansed Logan of the Death persona with a little push from each of Logan's closest friends, but Archangel experienced a metamorphosis of his own from his close contact to Apocalypse's handiwork."], "answer": {"text": "their encounter took on a dreamlike state, prompting Betsy and several of the X-Men to visit London to check on Brian's status.", "answer_start": 434}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was the resurrection of?", "answer": {"text": "One year after her death, Betsy awoke where she had died,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did she die?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she do once reunited?", "answer": {"text": "reunited with the X-Men, helping them against the Saurian Hauk'ka, and Mojo and Spiral.", "answer_start": 104, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did she help them?", "answer": {"text": "but helped defeat them before they could kill Rachel Grey.", "answer_start": 733, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who resurrected her?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_74952e0aa52242178b5074bf25b19737_0_q#0", "question": "Where is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono from?", "rewrite": "Where is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono from?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On 11 November 2005, he was sworn in by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as the Indonesian Ambassador to the United Kingdom. In this capacity, he sought to elevate and rejuvenate Indonesia \u2013 United Kingdom bilateral relations to a higher level as, inter alia, evidenced in the visit of Prime Minister Blair to Indonesia in March 2006 and the establishment of Indonesia \u2013 United Kingdom Partnership Forum. On 5 September 2007, he was transferred to New York as Permanent Representative of Indonesia to the United Nations, a position that he held until 2009. His functions included that of President of the Security Council, Chairman of the Special Committee on Decolonization, and Chairman of the UN Security Council Sanctions Committee on the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono appointed him Minister for Foreign Affairs on 21 October 2009, a position that he held until 2014. In 2012, he was part of the State visit of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono to the United Kingdom. He was appointed an Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George. Natalegawa is married to the Thai-born Sranya Bamrungphong. The couple have three children, Anantha, Annisa, and Andreyka.", "This forum was chaired by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, and the Prime Minister of Japan at that time, Yukio Hatoyama. It was attended by four Heads of State/Government, with the participation from thirty-two participants and eight observers. The theme of the BDF II was \"\u201cIn Search of Synergy: Democracy, Rule of Law, and Development.\u201d \" The theme raised in BDF II was deemed relevant to the condition of the global community, which was in the midst of debt and financial crisis. With relatively stable growth, Asia was expected to be the engine of the global economic recovery. Political progress was considered important to create a balanced and conducive condition in Asia, as economic growth ultimately demands the enforcement of the rule of law and transparency. BDF III was held on 8\u20139 December 2010. This forum was chaired by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and the President of South Korea at the time, Lee Myung-bak. It was attended by four Heads of State/Government, with the participation from forty-four participants and twenty-seven observers. The theme of the BDF III was \u201c\"Democracy and the Promotion of Peace and Stability\u201d.\" The third forum was held in the midst of a regional and political crisis on the Korean peninsula. The forum agreed that democracy should be able to generate democratic dividends that can be felt directly by the community, including the creation of peace and stability. In the context of resolving a country's internal conflict, the importance of a dialogue mechanism that can ensure a peaceful transition of democracy was emphasized. BDF IV was held on 8\u20139 December 2011. This forum was chaired by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and the Prime Minister of Bangladesh", "During a visit to Jordan in May 2006, the President of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono reiterated Indonesia\u2019s support for Palestinian independence including through the resumption of peace talks, as well as expressing Indonesia \u2019s concern over the Palestinian conditions, including in terms of finance, amidst the economic sanctions imposed by Israel. The Leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization, Yasser Arafat had visited Indonesia for several times; in 1984 to meet Suharto, in September 1992 to attend 10th Non-Aligned Movement Summit in Jakarta, in 1993 and again in August 2000 to meet Indonesian President Abdurrahman Wahid in Jakarta. On 21\u201323 October 2007, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas conducted his first ever official State visit to Indonesia. During his visit President Abbas had signed several agreements on cooperation with Indonesia. The Agreements included cooperation in the areas of communications and education. Abbas visited Indonesia again in May 2010 and February 2014. During the 2008-2009 Gaza War, Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono said the Indonesian government remained consistent in supporting the struggle of the Palestinian people to maintain their rights and sovereignty. He said that \"Israel`s unproportionally all-out war on Hamas with a great number of fatalities is an unforgettable human tragedy. We invite all parties to help stop the Israeli attacks and we will continue to support the Palestinian struggle. Indonesia finds it necessary for the UN Security Council to make a formal meeting and issue a resolution to force Israel halt its aggression.\" After the 31 May 2010, Gaza flotilla raid, Indonesian president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono condemned Israeli action. Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa also condemned the action and said that the Israeli blockade in Gaza is a violation of international law.", "2009 Indonesian presidential election Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 8 July 2009. The elections returned a president and vice president for the 2009\u20132014 period. Incumbent President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, elected with a 20% margin in the 2004 election, sought a second term against former President Megawati Sukarnoputri in a rematch of the 2004 election, as well as incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla. Securing a majority of the votes in a landslide victory in the first round, Yudhoyono was re-elected without the need to proceed to a second round, scheduled to be held on 8 September if no candidate received a majority of the popular vote. Yudhoyono was officially declared the victor of the election on 23 July 2009, by the General Election Commission (KPU). At the time of his re-election victory, Yudhoyono, with nearly 74 million votes in his favour, held the record for the highest number of votes for a single person in any democratic election in history. His record was surpassed by his successor Joko Widodo who won 85 million votes in 2019. This was the second election in which Indonesians elected their President and Vice President directly. In 2004, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono defeated incumbent Megawati Sukarnoputri in a run-off election. Polls through early January 2009 saw Yudhoyono leading a large field of potential presidential candidates. Incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla announced in February 2009 that he would not be returning as a vice presidential candidate with Yudhoyono. Instead, he was ready to challenge Yudhoyono should Golkar, the party which he chaired, nominate him as a presidential candidate.", "Andi Mallarangeng Andi Alfian Mallarangeng (born March 14, 1963 in Makassar, South Sulawesi) is an Indonesian politician who served as Minister of Youth and Sports at Second United Indonesia Cabinet. He also served as presidential spokesman for President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. In 2012, he resigned as minister due to a corruption charges against him. His involvement in the reform movement continued when he was a member of the General Elections Commission (KPU), the representative of the government, which organized the first democratic elections in 1999. With the establishment of the Ministry of Regional Autonomy in the reform era, Andi resigned from the KPU and joined as an expert staff of Ministers Country of Autonomy Region (1999\u20132000). The ministry was later dissolved despite being only 10 months old. He then worked on developing the idea of good governance as the Chair of Policy Committee on Partnership for Governance Reform (2000\u20132002). He had founded the Democratic Nationhood Party (Partai Persatuan Demokrasi Kebangsaan) with Ryaas Rasyid in 2002. Andi quit being a lecturer in October 2004 when he was appointed Presidential Spokesperson by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. On December 7, 2012, he officially resigned his post as Minister of Youth and Sports of the Republic of Indonesia after he was listed as a suspect in graft case related to the construction of the Hambalang sports complex in Sentul, Bogor, West Java by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). On January 11, 2013 President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono appointed Roy Suryo as the new Youth and Sports minister. On October 17, he was officially detained in the detention center Corruption Eradication Commission. Andi was officially detained after nearly a year of investigation."], "answer": {"text": "Yudhoyono lives both in the Presidential Merdeka Palace in Jakarta", "answer_start": 387}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_74952e0aa52242178b5074bf25b19737_0_q#1", "question": "does his family live with him in the presidential residence", "rewrite": "Does Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's family live with him in the Presidential Merdeka Palace in Jakarta?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Suharto's Jepara wood carving furniture was removed, with the exception of the Ruang Jepara (Jepara Room, as a reminder of Suharto's regime), and replaced with the old colonial refurbishment. The Merdeka Palace serves as an official venue for state events such as the Independence Day ceremony, welcoming (foreign) dignitaries, cabinet meetings, state banquets and reception of letters of credence from foreign ambassadors. Additionally, it still contains the president's private quarters and offices. The administrative role that the palace once had, has been shifted to the State Palace and State Secretariat, while the Merdeka Palace remains a symbol of authority. A 17 m tall flagpole and a fountain are located on the front lawn of the Merdeka Palace. The annual flag raising ceremony takes place during the Indonesian Independence day on 17 August. During the Independence ceremony, the veranda is often used as a ceremonial stage for the President and dignitaries. Notable rooms in the Palace include: The presidents after Sukarno no longer use the palace as a residence, although it is still the official presidential residence. The palace's offices are still in use by the current Indonesian president. During the Suharto administration, Suharto preferred to reside in his own house at Jalan Cendana, Menteng, while the palace and Bina Graha only served as his office. The palace once again became the official presidential residence during the Abdurrahman Wahid and Megawati administrations. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono sometimes resides in Merdeka Palace, however just like Suharto, he often prefers to reside in his own house, at Puri Cikeas, Cibubur, south of Jakarta. Since 17 July 2016, the changing of the guard ceremony by the Paspampres has been opened to the public.", "During a visit to Jordan in May 2006, the President of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono reiterated Indonesia\u2019s support for Palestinian independence including through the resumption of peace talks, as well as expressing Indonesia \u2019s concern over the Palestinian conditions, including in terms of finance, amidst the economic sanctions imposed by Israel. The Leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization, Yasser Arafat had visited Indonesia for several times; in 1984 to meet Suharto, in September 1992 to attend 10th Non-Aligned Movement Summit in Jakarta, in 1993 and again in August 2000 to meet Indonesian President Abdurrahman Wahid in Jakarta. On 21\u201323 October 2007, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas conducted his first ever official State visit to Indonesia. During his visit President Abbas had signed several agreements on cooperation with Indonesia. The Agreements included cooperation in the areas of communications and education. Abbas visited Indonesia again in May 2010 and February 2014. During the 2008-2009 Gaza War, Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono said the Indonesian government remained consistent in supporting the struggle of the Palestinian people to maintain their rights and sovereignty. He said that \"Israel`s unproportionally all-out war on Hamas with a great number of fatalities is an unforgettable human tragedy. We invite all parties to help stop the Israeli attacks and we will continue to support the Palestinian struggle. Indonesia finds it necessary for the UN Security Council to make a formal meeting and issue a resolution to force Israel halt its aggression.\" After the 31 May 2010, Gaza flotilla raid, Indonesian president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono condemned Israeli action. Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa also condemned the action and said that the Israeli blockade in Gaza is a violation of international law.", "Andi Mallarangeng Andi Alfian Mallarangeng (born March 14, 1963 in Makassar, South Sulawesi) is an Indonesian politician who served as Minister of Youth and Sports at Second United Indonesia Cabinet. He also served as presidential spokesman for President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. In 2012, he resigned as minister due to a corruption charges against him. His involvement in the reform movement continued when he was a member of the General Elections Commission (KPU), the representative of the government, which organized the first democratic elections in 1999. With the establishment of the Ministry of Regional Autonomy in the reform era, Andi resigned from the KPU and joined as an expert staff of Ministers Country of Autonomy Region (1999\u20132000). The ministry was later dissolved despite being only 10 months old. He then worked on developing the idea of good governance as the Chair of Policy Committee on Partnership for Governance Reform (2000\u20132002). He had founded the Democratic Nationhood Party (Partai Persatuan Demokrasi Kebangsaan) with Ryaas Rasyid in 2002. Andi quit being a lecturer in October 2004 when he was appointed Presidential Spokesperson by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. On December 7, 2012, he officially resigned his post as Minister of Youth and Sports of the Republic of Indonesia after he was listed as a suspect in graft case related to the construction of the Hambalang sports complex in Sentul, Bogor, West Java by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). On January 11, 2013 President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono appointed Roy Suryo as the new Youth and Sports minister. On October 17, he was officially detained in the detention center Corruption Eradication Commission. Andi was officially detained after nearly a year of investigation.", "2009 Indonesian presidential election Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 8 July 2009. The elections returned a president and vice president for the 2009\u20132014 period. Incumbent President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, elected with a 20% margin in the 2004 election, sought a second term against former President Megawati Sukarnoputri in a rematch of the 2004 election, as well as incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla. Securing a majority of the votes in a landslide victory in the first round, Yudhoyono was re-elected without the need to proceed to a second round, scheduled to be held on 8 September if no candidate received a majority of the popular vote. Yudhoyono was officially declared the victor of the election on 23 July 2009, by the General Election Commission (KPU). At the time of his re-election victory, Yudhoyono, with nearly 74 million votes in his favour, held the record for the highest number of votes for a single person in any democratic election in history. His record was surpassed by his successor Joko Widodo who won 85 million votes in 2019. This was the second election in which Indonesians elected their President and Vice President directly. In 2004, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono defeated incumbent Megawati Sukarnoputri in a run-off election. Polls through early January 2009 saw Yudhoyono leading a large field of potential presidential candidates. Incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla announced in February 2009 that he would not be returning as a vice presidential candidate with Yudhoyono. Instead, he was ready to challenge Yudhoyono should Golkar, the party which he chaired, nominate him as a presidential candidate.", "The name Yudhoyono is not an inherited surname; most Javanese do not have surnames. Rather, he chose it for his military name-tag, and it is how he is referred to abroad. His children and grandchildren go by the name Yudhoyono, and in formal meetings and functions he is addressed as Dr. Yudhoyono. In Indonesia, he is referred to in some media as \"Susilo\" and is widely known as \"SBY\". Yudhoyono lives both in the Presidential Merdeka Palace in Jakarta and his family residence in Cikeas, Bogor with his wife, Ani Bambang Yudhoyono. First Lady Ani Yudhoyono holds a political science degree from Merdeka University, and was the first vice-chairman of her husband's Democratic Party. She is the eldest child of General (Ret.) Sarwo Edhie Wibowo, one of Indonesia's high-profile generals. The family's eldest son, Major Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (born 1978), graduated from Taruna Nusantara High School in 1997 and the Indonesian Military Academy in 2000 and is a holder of the Adhi Makayasa Medal like his father, continuing family tradition as the best graduate of the Military Academy. In July 2006, Agus graduated from the Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies, Singapore with a master's degree in strategic studies, and is currently studying at Harvard University. Yudhoyono gave a speech at Harvard Kennedy School in September 2009 and joked that his son became \"another Harvard student working for\" him - some of Yudhoyono's ministers and military generals also went to Harvard. He is married to Annisa Pohan , a fashion model and the daughter of a former Bank Indonesia vice-president."], "answer": {"text": "and his family residence in Cikeas, Bogor with his wife,", "answer_start": 454}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Where is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono from?", "answer": {"text": "Yudhoyono lives both in the Presidential Merdeka Palace in Jakarta", "answer_start": 387, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_74952e0aa52242178b5074bf25b19737_0_q#2", "question": "does he have any children", "rewrite": "Does Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono have any children?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["This forum was chaired by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, and the Prime Minister of Japan at that time, Yukio Hatoyama. It was attended by four Heads of State/Government, with the participation from thirty-two participants and eight observers. The theme of the BDF II was \"\u201cIn Search of Synergy: Democracy, Rule of Law, and Development.\u201d \" The theme raised in BDF II was deemed relevant to the condition of the global community, which was in the midst of debt and financial crisis. With relatively stable growth, Asia was expected to be the engine of the global economic recovery. Political progress was considered important to create a balanced and conducive condition in Asia, as economic growth ultimately demands the enforcement of the rule of law and transparency. BDF III was held on 8\u20139 December 2010. This forum was chaired by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and the President of South Korea at the time, Lee Myung-bak. It was attended by four Heads of State/Government, with the participation from forty-four participants and twenty-seven observers. The theme of the BDF III was \u201c\"Democracy and the Promotion of Peace and Stability\u201d.\" The third forum was held in the midst of a regional and political crisis on the Korean peninsula. The forum agreed that democracy should be able to generate democratic dividends that can be felt directly by the community, including the creation of peace and stability. In the context of resolving a country's internal conflict, the importance of a dialogue mechanism that can ensure a peaceful transition of democracy was emphasized. BDF IV was held on 8\u20139 December 2011. This forum was chaired by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and the Prime Minister of Bangladesh", "During a visit to Jordan in May 2006, the President of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono reiterated Indonesia\u2019s support for Palestinian independence including through the resumption of peace talks, as well as expressing Indonesia \u2019s concern over the Palestinian conditions, including in terms of finance, amidst the economic sanctions imposed by Israel. The Leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization, Yasser Arafat had visited Indonesia for several times; in 1984 to meet Suharto, in September 1992 to attend 10th Non-Aligned Movement Summit in Jakarta, in 1993 and again in August 2000 to meet Indonesian President Abdurrahman Wahid in Jakarta. On 21\u201323 October 2007, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas conducted his first ever official State visit to Indonesia. During his visit President Abbas had signed several agreements on cooperation with Indonesia. The Agreements included cooperation in the areas of communications and education. Abbas visited Indonesia again in May 2010 and February 2014. During the 2008-2009 Gaza War, Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono said the Indonesian government remained consistent in supporting the struggle of the Palestinian people to maintain their rights and sovereignty. He said that \"Israel`s unproportionally all-out war on Hamas with a great number of fatalities is an unforgettable human tragedy. We invite all parties to help stop the Israeli attacks and we will continue to support the Palestinian struggle. Indonesia finds it necessary for the UN Security Council to make a formal meeting and issue a resolution to force Israel halt its aggression.\" After the 31 May 2010, Gaza flotilla raid, Indonesian president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono condemned Israeli action. Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa also condemned the action and said that the Israeli blockade in Gaza is a violation of international law.", "2009 Indonesian presidential election Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 8 July 2009. The elections returned a president and vice president for the 2009\u20132014 period. Incumbent President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, elected with a 20% margin in the 2004 election, sought a second term against former President Megawati Sukarnoputri in a rematch of the 2004 election, as well as incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla. Securing a majority of the votes in a landslide victory in the first round, Yudhoyono was re-elected without the need to proceed to a second round, scheduled to be held on 8 September if no candidate received a majority of the popular vote. Yudhoyono was officially declared the victor of the election on 23 July 2009, by the General Election Commission (KPU). At the time of his re-election victory, Yudhoyono, with nearly 74 million votes in his favour, held the record for the highest number of votes for a single person in any democratic election in history. His record was surpassed by his successor Joko Widodo who won 85 million votes in 2019. This was the second election in which Indonesians elected their President and Vice President directly. In 2004, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono defeated incumbent Megawati Sukarnoputri in a run-off election. Polls through early January 2009 saw Yudhoyono leading a large field of potential presidential candidates. Incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla announced in February 2009 that he would not be returning as a vice presidential candidate with Yudhoyono. Instead, he was ready to challenge Yudhoyono should Golkar, the party which he chaired, nominate him as a presidential candidate.", "Andi Mallarangeng Andi Alfian Mallarangeng (born March 14, 1963 in Makassar, South Sulawesi) is an Indonesian politician who served as Minister of Youth and Sports at Second United Indonesia Cabinet. He also served as presidential spokesman for President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. In 2012, he resigned as minister due to a corruption charges against him. His involvement in the reform movement continued when he was a member of the General Elections Commission (KPU), the representative of the government, which organized the first democratic elections in 1999. With the establishment of the Ministry of Regional Autonomy in the reform era, Andi resigned from the KPU and joined as an expert staff of Ministers Country of Autonomy Region (1999\u20132000). The ministry was later dissolved despite being only 10 months old. He then worked on developing the idea of good governance as the Chair of Policy Committee on Partnership for Governance Reform (2000\u20132002). He had founded the Democratic Nationhood Party (Partai Persatuan Demokrasi Kebangsaan) with Ryaas Rasyid in 2002. Andi quit being a lecturer in October 2004 when he was appointed Presidential Spokesperson by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. On December 7, 2012, he officially resigned his post as Minister of Youth and Sports of the Republic of Indonesia after he was listed as a suspect in graft case related to the construction of the Hambalang sports complex in Sentul, Bogor, West Java by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). On January 11, 2013 President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono appointed Roy Suryo as the new Youth and Sports minister. On October 17, he was officially detained in the detention center Corruption Eradication Commission. Andi was officially detained after nearly a year of investigation.", "On 11 November 2005, he was sworn in by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as the Indonesian Ambassador to the United Kingdom. In this capacity, he sought to elevate and rejuvenate Indonesia \u2013 United Kingdom bilateral relations to a higher level as, inter alia, evidenced in the visit of Prime Minister Blair to Indonesia in March 2006 and the establishment of Indonesia \u2013 United Kingdom Partnership Forum. On 5 September 2007, he was transferred to New York as Permanent Representative of Indonesia to the United Nations, a position that he held until 2009. His functions included that of President of the Security Council, Chairman of the Special Committee on Decolonization, and Chairman of the UN Security Council Sanctions Committee on the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono appointed him Minister for Foreign Affairs on 21 October 2009, a position that he held until 2014. In 2012, he was part of the State visit of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono to the United Kingdom. He was appointed an Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George. Natalegawa is married to the Thai-born Sranya Bamrungphong. The couple have three children, Anantha, Annisa, and Andreyka."], "answer": {"text": "The family's eldest son, Major Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono", "answer_start": 788}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono from?", "answer": {"text": "Yudhoyono lives both in the Presidential Merdeka Palace in Jakarta", "answer_start": 387, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "does his family live with him in the presidential residence", "answer": {"text": "and his family residence in Cikeas, Bogor with his wife,", "answer_start": 454, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_74952e0aa52242178b5074bf25b19737_0_q#3", "question": "were there any more children", "rewrite": "Aside from Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's eldest son, Major Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono, were there any more children?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Edhie Yudhoyono Edhie Baskoro Yudhoyono (born 24 November 1980 in Bandung, West Java) is a politician and member of House of Representatives, Indonesia. Edhie is the second son of the 6th President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and the younger brother of Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono. Edhie obtained his Bachelor of Commerce in Finance and Commerce in 2005 at Curtin University, Perth, Australia. He then continued his studies at Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. In 2007, Edhie obtained his Master of Science degree in International Political Economy. He graduated with a dissertation titled \"\"Revitalization of Indonesia's Economy: Attempts to Solve the Twin-Critical-Economic Problems and to Build the Foundation for Future Economic Development\"\". In 2009, Edhie was involved in Indonesian politics by nominating himself as a member of the People's Consultative Assembly from the electoral district of East Java VII, representing five regions: Pacitan, Ponorogo, Trenggalek, Magetan, and Ngawi. He was elected as a member of the House of Representatives in April 2009 with the highest vote in Indonesia: 327,097 votes. As a member of the House of Representatives, he was appointed as a member of Budget Board and Commission I of the House of Representatives in charge of foreign relations, defense, and information and communication. Currently he is active as a Democratic Party (Indonesia) politician, the party that won the general election in 2009. His career in the Democratic Party began with his appointment as Chairman of the Department of Cadreization. After the 2nd Congress of the Democratic Party in May 2010, he was appointed as Secretary-General to assist Democrat Chairman Anas Urbaningrum.", "Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (born 10 August 1978 in Bandung, West Java) is an Indonesian politician and former military officer. He is the oldest child of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Kristiani Herawati. He graduated from Taruna Nusantara High School in 1997 and the Indonesian Military Academy in 2000. He is a holder of the \"Adhi Makayasa\" Medal (best graduate of the Military Academy), similar to his father. In July 2006, Agus graduated from the Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies, Singapore with a master's degree in strategic studies, He then continued his studies at Harvard University. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono gave a speech at Harvard Kennedy School in September 2009 and joked that Agus became \"another Harvard student working for\" him \u2013 some of Yudhoyono's ministers and military generals also went to Harvard. He married Annisa Pohan on 8 July 2005. The couple's first daughter, Almira Tunggadewi Yudhoyono, was born on 17 August 2008. After 16 years in the military, he resigned in 2016 while holding the rank of Major to run as the Democratic candidate for Governor of Jakarta in the 2017 election, with Sylviana Murni as his running mate. He was supported by the Democratic Party, United Development Party (PPP), National Awakening Party (PKB), and National Mandate Party (PAN). He finished third in the election with 17.06% of the popular vote, behind Basuki Tjahaja Purnama and Anies Baswedan who secured 42.96% and 39.97% of the total votes respectively. Due to this, he was excluded from the second phase of the elections.", "She married Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono, the first son of former President of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and his wife, Kristiani Herrawati, in 2005. After their long period of relationship, they married on 8 July 2005. The reception was held in Bogor Palace, in Bogor, West Java. In 2008, the first daughter of Pohan and Yudhoyono, Almira Tunggadewi Yudhoyono was born on 17 August, on Indonesian Independence day. In 2009, Pohan followed her husband to the United States where he took Master of Public Administration at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, Massachusetts, US, and Maneuver Captains Career Course at Fort Benning, Georgia. In 2011 Pohan and her family returned to Indonesia.", "The name Yudhoyono is not an inherited surname; most Javanese do not have surnames. Rather, he chose it for his military name-tag, and it is how he is referred to abroad. His children and grandchildren go by the name Yudhoyono, and in formal meetings and functions he is addressed as Dr. Yudhoyono. In Indonesia, he is referred to in some media as \"Susilo\" and is widely known as \"SBY\". Yudhoyono lives both in the Presidential Merdeka Palace in Jakarta and his family residence in Cikeas, Bogor with his wife, Ani Bambang Yudhoyono. First Lady Ani Yudhoyono holds a political science degree from Merdeka University, and was the first vice-chairman of her husband's Democratic Party. She is the eldest child of General (Ret.) Sarwo Edhie Wibowo, one of Indonesia's high-profile generals. The family's eldest son, Major Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (born 1978), graduated from Taruna Nusantara High School in 1997 and the Indonesian Military Academy in 2000 and is a holder of the Adhi Makayasa Medal like his father, continuing family tradition as the best graduate of the Military Academy. In July 2006, Agus graduated from the Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies, Singapore with a master's degree in strategic studies, and is currently studying at Harvard University. Yudhoyono gave a speech at Harvard Kennedy School in September 2009 and joked that his son became \"another Harvard student working for\" him - some of Yudhoyono's ministers and military generals also went to Harvard. He is married to Annisa Pohan , a fashion model and the daughter of a former Bank Indonesia vice-president.", "In response, Ahok alleged that Ma'ruf had taken sides in the election due to a phone call with former president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, whose son Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono was running against Ahok in the election. Ahok later apologized to Ma'ruf via social media for any implication that Ma'ruf had been influenced by political pressure. Ma'ruf accepted Ahok's apology, saying that the matter was resolved. Despite Ma'ruf's willingness to let the matter rest, an organization known as the Indonesian Young Entrepreneurs reported Ahok to the criminal investigation unit of the Indonesian National Police for allegedly having harassed Ma'ruf and wiretapped his phone conversations with former President Yudhoyono despite previous denials by Ahok's legal team of the latter act. In a separate interview, conducted after Ma'ruf's selection as a vice presidential candidate, he stated that he regretted testifying against Ahok and added that he was \"forced\" to do so. Ma'ruf's first wife, Siti Churiyah, died on 22 October 2013 at the age of 67. At the time of her death, the couple were married for 49 years and had eight children and 13 grandchildren. Seven months later, on 31 May 2014, he married Wury Estu Handayani who had been a widow for around two years. They were married in a subtle ceremony in the well-known Sunda Kelapa Mosque in Menteng, Central Jakarta."], "answer": {"text": "The family's younger son,", "answer_start": 164}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono from?", "answer": {"text": "Yudhoyono lives both in the Presidential Merdeka Palace in Jakarta", "answer_start": 387, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "does his family live with him in the presidential residence", "answer": {"text": "and his family residence in Cikeas, Bogor with his wife,", "answer_start": 454, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "does he have any children", "answer": {"text": "The family's eldest son, Major Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono", "answer_start": 788, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_74952e0aa52242178b5074bf25b19737_0_q#4", "question": "who is his wife", "rewrite": "Who is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's wife?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2009 Indonesian presidential election Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 8 July 2009. The elections returned a president and vice president for the 2009\u20132014 period. Incumbent President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, elected with a 20% margin in the 2004 election, sought a second term against former President Megawati Sukarnoputri in a rematch of the 2004 election, as well as incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla. Securing a majority of the votes in a landslide victory in the first round, Yudhoyono was re-elected without the need to proceed to a second round, scheduled to be held on 8 September if no candidate received a majority of the popular vote. Yudhoyono was officially declared the victor of the election on 23 July 2009, by the General Election Commission (KPU). At the time of his re-election victory, Yudhoyono, with nearly 74 million votes in his favour, held the record for the highest number of votes for a single person in any democratic election in history. His record was surpassed by his successor Joko Widodo who won 85 million votes in 2019. This was the second election in which Indonesians elected their President and Vice President directly. In 2004, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono defeated incumbent Megawati Sukarnoputri in a run-off election. Polls through early January 2009 saw Yudhoyono leading a large field of potential presidential candidates. Incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla announced in February 2009 that he would not be returning as a vice presidential candidate with Yudhoyono. Instead, he was ready to challenge Yudhoyono should Golkar, the party which he chaired, nominate him as a presidential candidate.", "On 11 November 2005, he was sworn in by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as the Indonesian Ambassador to the United Kingdom. In this capacity, he sought to elevate and rejuvenate Indonesia \u2013 United Kingdom bilateral relations to a higher level as, inter alia, evidenced in the visit of Prime Minister Blair to Indonesia in March 2006 and the establishment of Indonesia \u2013 United Kingdom Partnership Forum. On 5 September 2007, he was transferred to New York as Permanent Representative of Indonesia to the United Nations, a position that he held until 2009. His functions included that of President of the Security Council, Chairman of the Special Committee on Decolonization, and Chairman of the UN Security Council Sanctions Committee on the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono appointed him Minister for Foreign Affairs on 21 October 2009, a position that he held until 2014. In 2012, he was part of the State visit of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono to the United Kingdom. He was appointed an Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George. Natalegawa is married to the Thai-born Sranya Bamrungphong. The couple have three children, Anantha, Annisa, and Andreyka.", "This forum was chaired by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, and the Prime Minister of Japan at that time, Yukio Hatoyama. It was attended by four Heads of State/Government, with the participation from thirty-two participants and eight observers. The theme of the BDF II was \"\u201cIn Search of Synergy: Democracy, Rule of Law, and Development.\u201d \" The theme raised in BDF II was deemed relevant to the condition of the global community, which was in the midst of debt and financial crisis. With relatively stable growth, Asia was expected to be the engine of the global economic recovery. Political progress was considered important to create a balanced and conducive condition in Asia, as economic growth ultimately demands the enforcement of the rule of law and transparency. BDF III was held on 8\u20139 December 2010. This forum was chaired by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and the President of South Korea at the time, Lee Myung-bak. It was attended by four Heads of State/Government, with the participation from forty-four participants and twenty-seven observers. The theme of the BDF III was \u201c\"Democracy and the Promotion of Peace and Stability\u201d.\" The third forum was held in the midst of a regional and political crisis on the Korean peninsula. The forum agreed that democracy should be able to generate democratic dividends that can be felt directly by the community, including the creation of peace and stability. In the context of resolving a country's internal conflict, the importance of a dialogue mechanism that can ensure a peaceful transition of democracy was emphasized. BDF IV was held on 8\u20139 December 2011. This forum was chaired by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and the Prime Minister of Bangladesh", "During a visit to Jordan in May 2006, the President of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono reiterated Indonesia\u2019s support for Palestinian independence including through the resumption of peace talks, as well as expressing Indonesia \u2019s concern over the Palestinian conditions, including in terms of finance, amidst the economic sanctions imposed by Israel. The Leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization, Yasser Arafat had visited Indonesia for several times; in 1984 to meet Suharto, in September 1992 to attend 10th Non-Aligned Movement Summit in Jakarta, in 1993 and again in August 2000 to meet Indonesian President Abdurrahman Wahid in Jakarta. On 21\u201323 October 2007, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas conducted his first ever official State visit to Indonesia. During his visit President Abbas had signed several agreements on cooperation with Indonesia. The Agreements included cooperation in the areas of communications and education. Abbas visited Indonesia again in May 2010 and February 2014. During the 2008-2009 Gaza War, Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono said the Indonesian government remained consistent in supporting the struggle of the Palestinian people to maintain their rights and sovereignty. He said that \"Israel`s unproportionally all-out war on Hamas with a great number of fatalities is an unforgettable human tragedy. We invite all parties to help stop the Israeli attacks and we will continue to support the Palestinian struggle. Indonesia finds it necessary for the UN Security Council to make a formal meeting and issue a resolution to force Israel halt its aggression.\" After the 31 May 2010, Gaza flotilla raid, Indonesian president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono condemned Israeli action. Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa also condemned the action and said that the Israeli blockade in Gaza is a violation of international law.", "Andi Mallarangeng Andi Alfian Mallarangeng (born March 14, 1963 in Makassar, South Sulawesi) is an Indonesian politician who served as Minister of Youth and Sports at Second United Indonesia Cabinet. He also served as presidential spokesman for President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. In 2012, he resigned as minister due to a corruption charges against him. His involvement in the reform movement continued when he was a member of the General Elections Commission (KPU), the representative of the government, which organized the first democratic elections in 1999. With the establishment of the Ministry of Regional Autonomy in the reform era, Andi resigned from the KPU and joined as an expert staff of Ministers Country of Autonomy Region (1999\u20132000). The ministry was later dissolved despite being only 10 months old. He then worked on developing the idea of good governance as the Chair of Policy Committee on Partnership for Governance Reform (2000\u20132002). He had founded the Democratic Nationhood Party (Partai Persatuan Demokrasi Kebangsaan) with Ryaas Rasyid in 2002. Andi quit being a lecturer in October 2004 when he was appointed Presidential Spokesperson by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. On December 7, 2012, he officially resigned his post as Minister of Youth and Sports of the Republic of Indonesia after he was listed as a suspect in graft case related to the construction of the Hambalang sports complex in Sentul, Bogor, West Java by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). On January 11, 2013 President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono appointed Roy Suryo as the new Youth and Sports minister. On October 17, he was officially detained in the detention center Corruption Eradication Commission. Andi was officially detained after nearly a year of investigation."], "answer": {"text": "Ani Bambang Yudhoyono.", "answer_start": 511}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono from?", "answer": {"text": "Yudhoyono lives both in the Presidential Merdeka Palace in Jakarta", "answer_start": 387, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "does his family live with him in the presidential residence", "answer": {"text": "and his family residence in Cikeas, Bogor with his wife,", "answer_start": 454, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "does he have any children", "answer": {"text": "The family's eldest son, Major Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono", "answer_start": 788, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "were there any more children", "answer": {"text": "The family's younger son,", "answer_start": 164, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_74952e0aa52242178b5074bf25b19737_0_q#5", "question": "what was her job", "rewrite": "What was Ani Bambang Yudhoyono's job?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2009 Indonesian presidential election Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 8 July 2009. The elections returned a president and vice president for the 2009\u20132014 period. Incumbent President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, elected with a 20% margin in the 2004 election, sought a second term against former President Megawati Sukarnoputri in a rematch of the 2004 election, as well as incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla. Securing a majority of the votes in a landslide victory in the first round, Yudhoyono was re-elected without the need to proceed to a second round, scheduled to be held on 8 September if no candidate received a majority of the popular vote. Yudhoyono was officially declared the victor of the election on 23 July 2009, by the General Election Commission (KPU). At the time of his re-election victory, Yudhoyono, with nearly 74 million votes in his favour, held the record for the highest number of votes for a single person in any democratic election in history. His record was surpassed by his successor Joko Widodo who won 85 million votes in 2019. This was the second election in which Indonesians elected their President and Vice President directly. In 2004, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono defeated incumbent Megawati Sukarnoputri in a run-off election. Polls through early January 2009 saw Yudhoyono leading a large field of potential presidential candidates. Incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla announced in February 2009 that he would not be returning as a vice presidential candidate with Yudhoyono. Instead, he was ready to challenge Yudhoyono should Golkar, the party which he chaired, nominate him as a presidential candidate.", "The name Yudhoyono is not an inherited surname; most Javanese do not have surnames. Rather, he chose it for his military name-tag, and it is how he is referred to abroad. His children and grandchildren go by the name Yudhoyono, and in formal meetings and functions he is addressed as Dr. Yudhoyono. In Indonesia, he is referred to in some media as \"Susilo\" and is widely known as \"SBY\". Yudhoyono lives both in the Presidential Merdeka Palace in Jakarta and his family residence in Cikeas, Bogor with his wife, Ani Bambang Yudhoyono. First Lady Ani Yudhoyono holds a political science degree from Merdeka University, and was the first vice-chairman of her husband's Democratic Party. She is the eldest child of General (Ret.) Sarwo Edhie Wibowo, one of Indonesia's high-profile generals. The family's eldest son, Major Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (born 1978), graduated from Taruna Nusantara High School in 1997 and the Indonesian Military Academy in 2000 and is a holder of the Adhi Makayasa Medal like his father, continuing family tradition as the best graduate of the Military Academy. In July 2006, Agus graduated from the Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies, Singapore with a master's degree in strategic studies, and is currently studying at Harvard University. Yudhoyono gave a speech at Harvard Kennedy School in September 2009 and joked that his son became \"another Harvard student working for\" him - some of Yudhoyono's ministers and military generals also went to Harvard. He is married to Annisa Pohan , a fashion model and the daughter of a former Bank Indonesia vice-president.", "On 11 November 2005, he was sworn in by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as the Indonesian Ambassador to the United Kingdom. In this capacity, he sought to elevate and rejuvenate Indonesia \u2013 United Kingdom bilateral relations to a higher level as, inter alia, evidenced in the visit of Prime Minister Blair to Indonesia in March 2006 and the establishment of Indonesia \u2013 United Kingdom Partnership Forum. On 5 September 2007, he was transferred to New York as Permanent Representative of Indonesia to the United Nations, a position that he held until 2009. His functions included that of President of the Security Council, Chairman of the Special Committee on Decolonization, and Chairman of the UN Security Council Sanctions Committee on the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono appointed him Minister for Foreign Affairs on 21 October 2009, a position that he held until 2014. In 2012, he was part of the State visit of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono to the United Kingdom. He was appointed an Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George. Natalegawa is married to the Thai-born Sranya Bamrungphong. The couple have three children, Anantha, Annisa, and Andreyka.", "Ani Yudhoyono Kristiani Herrawati Yudhoyono (6 July 1952 \u2013 1 June 2019), also known as Ani Yudhoyono, was the wife of former Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and First Lady of Indonesia from 2004 until 2014. Kristiani Herrawati was born on 6 July 1952 in Yogyakarta, to Lt. Gen. (ret.) Sarwo Edhie Wibowo and Sunarti Sri Hadiyah. She was the third child of seven siblings. In 1973, she became a medical student at the Christian University of Indonesia, but in the third year she followed her father who was appointed as an ambassador to South Korea. She subsequently married Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) in 1976. Ani later continued studying at Terbuka University and graduated with a bachelor's degree in Political Science in 1998. Yudhoyono's political activities included her appointment as vice chairman of the Democratic Party. She campaigned for the successful election of her husband for President of the Republic of Indonesia in 2004. Prior to this, she was active in various women's social organizations during SBY's term as minister under Abdurrahman Wahid and Megawati Soekarnoputri. Following her husband's election to the presidency, she organised polio immunisation campaigns and Mobil Pintar (Smart Cars), where vans are filled with books for children to read. In 2013, it surfaced that Australian intelligence had been tapping her mobile phone as part of a row between Indonesia and Australia. Also in December that year, she was mentioned in a WikiLeaks diplomatic cable, which accused her of actively influencing her husband on political affairs. In 2007, a rare Papuan butterfly species was named after her.", "The November 2008 harvest in Sukabumi Regency set a record of about 16 tons per hectare. Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, First Lady Ani Bambang Yudhoyono and several government ministers attended the harvest festival. The foundation supplied aid in the wake of the March 2011 T\u014dhoku earthquake and tsunami. In 2015 the AGP Foundation held a low-cost Ramadan market in Indramayu, Indonisia in order to give the local poor population access to cheap meat and basic foods towards the Eid-ul-Fitr holidays. In 2016, the foundation started performing eye-checks and free cataract surgeries in Bali as part of the AGP team outreach. Since 1997 the foundation has run Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation (TWNC), a tiger-rescue center which attempts to reintroduce \"conflict tigers\" (tigers who have attacked, or killed, humans) into the wild. The TWNC has released five Sumatran tigers (a critically endangered species) into its forest. The TWNC has of forest and of sea-conservation area. Representatives the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) have visited the sanctuary, which conducts a drug-rehabilitation program in cooperation with \"Badan Narkotika Nasional\" (BNN, the Indonesian Narcotics Institution). The program, which encourages former addicts to work in conservation and eco-tourism, was presented by Winata to the 2013 UNODC annual meeting in Vienna. UNODC executive director Yuri Fedotov expressed his appreciation for the program, saying that his office would encourage other countries to learn from it. In March 2013 in Madrid, Winata appointed Cristiano Ronaldo \"Ambassador of Mangroves\". He and Ronaldo agreed to plant and conserve existing mangroves, particularly in Bali."], "answer": {"text": "the first vice-chairman of her husband's Democratic Party.", "answer_start": 625}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono from?", "answer": {"text": "Yudhoyono lives both in the Presidential Merdeka Palace in Jakarta", "answer_start": 387, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "does his family live with him in the presidential residence", "answer": {"text": "and his family residence in Cikeas, Bogor with his wife,", "answer_start": 454, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "does he have any children", "answer": {"text": "The family's eldest son, Major Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono", "answer_start": 788, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "were there any more children", "answer": {"text": "The family's younger son,", "answer_start": 164, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "who is his wife", "answer": {"text": "Ani Bambang Yudhoyono.", "answer_start": 511, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_74952e0aa52242178b5074bf25b19737_0_q#6", "question": "is there anything else interesting", "rewrite": "Aside from living in the Presidential Merdeka Palace and the family residence in Cikeas, Yudhoyono's eldest son Major Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono and the family's younger son, and Yudhoyono's wife Ani Bambang Yudhoyono, the first vice-chairman of Yudhoyono's Democratic Party, is there anything else interesting about the family of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Edhie Yudhoyono Edhie Baskoro Yudhoyono (born 24 November 1980 in Bandung, West Java) is a politician and member of House of Representatives, Indonesia. Edhie is the second son of the 6th President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and the younger brother of Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono. Edhie obtained his Bachelor of Commerce in Finance and Commerce in 2005 at Curtin University, Perth, Australia. He then continued his studies at Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. In 2007, Edhie obtained his Master of Science degree in International Political Economy. He graduated with a dissertation titled \"\"Revitalization of Indonesia's Economy: Attempts to Solve the Twin-Critical-Economic Problems and to Build the Foundation for Future Economic Development\"\". In 2009, Edhie was involved in Indonesian politics by nominating himself as a member of the People's Consultative Assembly from the electoral district of East Java VII, representing five regions: Pacitan, Ponorogo, Trenggalek, Magetan, and Ngawi. He was elected as a member of the House of Representatives in April 2009 with the highest vote in Indonesia: 327,097 votes. As a member of the House of Representatives, he was appointed as a member of Budget Board and Commission I of the House of Representatives in charge of foreign relations, defense, and information and communication. Currently he is active as a Democratic Party (Indonesia) politician, the party that won the general election in 2009. His career in the Democratic Party began with his appointment as Chairman of the Department of Cadreization. After the 2nd Congress of the Democratic Party in May 2010, he was appointed as Secretary-General to assist Democrat Chairman Anas Urbaningrum.", "The name Yudhoyono is not an inherited surname; most Javanese do not have surnames. Rather, he chose it for his military name-tag, and it is how he is referred to abroad. His children and grandchildren go by the name Yudhoyono, and in formal meetings and functions he is addressed as Dr. Yudhoyono. In Indonesia, he is referred to in some media as \"Susilo\" and is widely known as \"SBY\". Yudhoyono lives both in the Presidential Merdeka Palace in Jakarta and his family residence in Cikeas, Bogor with his wife, Ani Bambang Yudhoyono. First Lady Ani Yudhoyono holds a political science degree from Merdeka University, and was the first vice-chairman of her husband's Democratic Party. She is the eldest child of General (Ret.) Sarwo Edhie Wibowo, one of Indonesia's high-profile generals. The family's eldest son, Major Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (born 1978), graduated from Taruna Nusantara High School in 1997 and the Indonesian Military Academy in 2000 and is a holder of the Adhi Makayasa Medal like his father, continuing family tradition as the best graduate of the Military Academy. In July 2006, Agus graduated from the Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies, Singapore with a master's degree in strategic studies, and is currently studying at Harvard University. Yudhoyono gave a speech at Harvard Kennedy School in September 2009 and joked that his son became \"another Harvard student working for\" him - some of Yudhoyono's ministers and military generals also went to Harvard. He is married to Annisa Pohan , a fashion model and the daughter of a former Bank Indonesia vice-president.", "Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (born 10 August 1978 in Bandung, West Java) is an Indonesian politician and former military officer. He is the oldest child of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Kristiani Herawati. He graduated from Taruna Nusantara High School in 1997 and the Indonesian Military Academy in 2000. He is a holder of the \"Adhi Makayasa\" Medal (best graduate of the Military Academy), similar to his father. In July 2006, Agus graduated from the Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies, Singapore with a master's degree in strategic studies, He then continued his studies at Harvard University. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono gave a speech at Harvard Kennedy School in September 2009 and joked that Agus became \"another Harvard student working for\" him \u2013 some of Yudhoyono's ministers and military generals also went to Harvard. He married Annisa Pohan on 8 July 2005. The couple's first daughter, Almira Tunggadewi Yudhoyono, was born on 17 August 2008. After 16 years in the military, he resigned in 2016 while holding the rank of Major to run as the Democratic candidate for Governor of Jakarta in the 2017 election, with Sylviana Murni as his running mate. He was supported by the Democratic Party, United Development Party (PPP), National Awakening Party (PKB), and National Mandate Party (PAN). He finished third in the election with 17.06% of the popular vote, behind Basuki Tjahaja Purnama and Anies Baswedan who secured 42.96% and 39.97% of the total votes respectively. Due to this, he was excluded from the second phase of the elections.", "Ani Yudhoyono Kristiani Herrawati Yudhoyono (6 July 1952 \u2013 1 June 2019), also known as Ani Yudhoyono, was the wife of former Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and First Lady of Indonesia from 2004 until 2014. Kristiani Herrawati was born on 6 July 1952 in Yogyakarta, to Lt. Gen. (ret.) Sarwo Edhie Wibowo and Sunarti Sri Hadiyah. She was the third child of seven siblings. In 1973, she became a medical student at the Christian University of Indonesia, but in the third year she followed her father who was appointed as an ambassador to South Korea. She subsequently married Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) in 1976. Ani later continued studying at Terbuka University and graduated with a bachelor's degree in Political Science in 1998. Yudhoyono's political activities included her appointment as vice chairman of the Democratic Party. She campaigned for the successful election of her husband for President of the Republic of Indonesia in 2004. Prior to this, she was active in various women's social organizations during SBY's term as minister under Abdurrahman Wahid and Megawati Soekarnoputri. Following her husband's election to the presidency, she organised polio immunisation campaigns and Mobil Pintar (Smart Cars), where vans are filled with books for children to read. In 2013, it surfaced that Australian intelligence had been tapping her mobile phone as part of a row between Indonesia and Australia. Also in December that year, she was mentioned in a WikiLeaks diplomatic cable, which accused her of actively influencing her husband on political affairs. In 2007, a rare Papuan butterfly species was named after her.", "2009 Indonesian presidential election Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 8 July 2009. The elections returned a president and vice president for the 2009\u20132014 period. Incumbent President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, elected with a 20% margin in the 2004 election, sought a second term against former President Megawati Sukarnoputri in a rematch of the 2004 election, as well as incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla. Securing a majority of the votes in a landslide victory in the first round, Yudhoyono was re-elected without the need to proceed to a second round, scheduled to be held on 8 September if no candidate received a majority of the popular vote. Yudhoyono was officially declared the victor of the election on 23 July 2009, by the General Election Commission (KPU). At the time of his re-election victory, Yudhoyono, with nearly 74 million votes in his favour, held the record for the highest number of votes for a single person in any democratic election in history. His record was surpassed by his successor Joko Widodo who won 85 million votes in 2019. This was the second election in which Indonesians elected their President and Vice President directly. In 2004, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono defeated incumbent Megawati Sukarnoputri in a run-off election. Polls through early January 2009 saw Yudhoyono leading a large field of potential presidential candidates. Incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla announced in February 2009 that he would not be returning as a vice presidential candidate with Yudhoyono. Instead, he was ready to challenge Yudhoyono should Golkar, the party which he chaired, nominate him as a presidential candidate."], "answer": {"text": "The family's eldest son, Major Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (born 1978), graduated from Taruna Nusantara High School in 1997", "answer_start": 788}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono from?", "answer": {"text": "Yudhoyono lives both in the Presidential Merdeka Palace in Jakarta", "answer_start": 387, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "does his family live with him in the presidential residence", "answer": {"text": "and his family residence in Cikeas, Bogor with his wife,", "answer_start": 454, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "does he have any children", "answer": {"text": "The family's eldest son, Major Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono", "answer_start": 788, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "were there any more children", "answer": {"text": "The family's younger son,", "answer_start": 164, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "who is his wife", "answer": {"text": "Ani Bambang Yudhoyono.", "answer_start": 511, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her job", "answer": {"text": "the first vice-chairman of her husband's Democratic Party.", "answer_start": 625, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_74952e0aa52242178b5074bf25b19737_0_q#7", "question": "did he go into politics like his father", "rewrite": "Did Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono go into politics like his father?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["During a visit to Jordan in May 2006, the President of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono reiterated Indonesia\u2019s support for Palestinian independence including through the resumption of peace talks, as well as expressing Indonesia \u2019s concern over the Palestinian conditions, including in terms of finance, amidst the economic sanctions imposed by Israel. The Leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization, Yasser Arafat had visited Indonesia for several times; in 1984 to meet Suharto, in September 1992 to attend 10th Non-Aligned Movement Summit in Jakarta, in 1993 and again in August 2000 to meet Indonesian President Abdurrahman Wahid in Jakarta. On 21\u201323 October 2007, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas conducted his first ever official State visit to Indonesia. During his visit President Abbas had signed several agreements on cooperation with Indonesia. The Agreements included cooperation in the areas of communications and education. Abbas visited Indonesia again in May 2010 and February 2014. During the 2008-2009 Gaza War, Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono said the Indonesian government remained consistent in supporting the struggle of the Palestinian people to maintain their rights and sovereignty. He said that \"Israel`s unproportionally all-out war on Hamas with a great number of fatalities is an unforgettable human tragedy. We invite all parties to help stop the Israeli attacks and we will continue to support the Palestinian struggle. Indonesia finds it necessary for the UN Security Council to make a formal meeting and issue a resolution to force Israel halt its aggression.\" After the 31 May 2010, Gaza flotilla raid, Indonesian president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono condemned Israeli action. Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa also condemned the action and said that the Israeli blockade in Gaza is a violation of international law.", "On 11 November 2005, he was sworn in by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as the Indonesian Ambassador to the United Kingdom. In this capacity, he sought to elevate and rejuvenate Indonesia \u2013 United Kingdom bilateral relations to a higher level as, inter alia, evidenced in the visit of Prime Minister Blair to Indonesia in March 2006 and the establishment of Indonesia \u2013 United Kingdom Partnership Forum. On 5 September 2007, he was transferred to New York as Permanent Representative of Indonesia to the United Nations, a position that he held until 2009. His functions included that of President of the Security Council, Chairman of the Special Committee on Decolonization, and Chairman of the UN Security Council Sanctions Committee on the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono appointed him Minister for Foreign Affairs on 21 October 2009, a position that he held until 2014. In 2012, he was part of the State visit of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono to the United Kingdom. He was appointed an Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George. Natalegawa is married to the Thai-born Sranya Bamrungphong. The couple have three children, Anantha, Annisa, and Andreyka.", "This forum was chaired by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, and the Prime Minister of Japan at that time, Yukio Hatoyama. It was attended by four Heads of State/Government, with the participation from thirty-two participants and eight observers. The theme of the BDF II was \"\u201cIn Search of Synergy: Democracy, Rule of Law, and Development.\u201d \" The theme raised in BDF II was deemed relevant to the condition of the global community, which was in the midst of debt and financial crisis. With relatively stable growth, Asia was expected to be the engine of the global economic recovery. Political progress was considered important to create a balanced and conducive condition in Asia, as economic growth ultimately demands the enforcement of the rule of law and transparency. BDF III was held on 8\u20139 December 2010. This forum was chaired by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and the President of South Korea at the time, Lee Myung-bak. It was attended by four Heads of State/Government, with the participation from forty-four participants and twenty-seven observers. The theme of the BDF III was \u201c\"Democracy and the Promotion of Peace and Stability\u201d.\" The third forum was held in the midst of a regional and political crisis on the Korean peninsula. The forum agreed that democracy should be able to generate democratic dividends that can be felt directly by the community, including the creation of peace and stability. In the context of resolving a country's internal conflict, the importance of a dialogue mechanism that can ensure a peaceful transition of democracy was emphasized. BDF IV was held on 8\u20139 December 2011. This forum was chaired by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and the Prime Minister of Bangladesh", "2009 Indonesian presidential election Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 8 July 2009. The elections returned a president and vice president for the 2009\u20132014 period. Incumbent President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, elected with a 20% margin in the 2004 election, sought a second term against former President Megawati Sukarnoputri in a rematch of the 2004 election, as well as incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla. Securing a majority of the votes in a landslide victory in the first round, Yudhoyono was re-elected without the need to proceed to a second round, scheduled to be held on 8 September if no candidate received a majority of the popular vote. Yudhoyono was officially declared the victor of the election on 23 July 2009, by the General Election Commission (KPU). At the time of his re-election victory, Yudhoyono, with nearly 74 million votes in his favour, held the record for the highest number of votes for a single person in any democratic election in history. His record was surpassed by his successor Joko Widodo who won 85 million votes in 2019. This was the second election in which Indonesians elected their President and Vice President directly. In 2004, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono defeated incumbent Megawati Sukarnoputri in a run-off election. Polls through early January 2009 saw Yudhoyono leading a large field of potential presidential candidates. Incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla announced in February 2009 that he would not be returning as a vice presidential candidate with Yudhoyono. Instead, he was ready to challenge Yudhoyono should Golkar, the party which he chaired, nominate him as a presidential candidate.", "Andi Mallarangeng Andi Alfian Mallarangeng (born March 14, 1963 in Makassar, South Sulawesi) is an Indonesian politician who served as Minister of Youth and Sports at Second United Indonesia Cabinet. He also served as presidential spokesman for President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. In 2012, he resigned as minister due to a corruption charges against him. His involvement in the reform movement continued when he was a member of the General Elections Commission (KPU), the representative of the government, which organized the first democratic elections in 1999. With the establishment of the Ministry of Regional Autonomy in the reform era, Andi resigned from the KPU and joined as an expert staff of Ministers Country of Autonomy Region (1999\u20132000). The ministry was later dissolved despite being only 10 months old. He then worked on developing the idea of good governance as the Chair of Policy Committee on Partnership for Governance Reform (2000\u20132002). He had founded the Democratic Nationhood Party (Partai Persatuan Demokrasi Kebangsaan) with Ryaas Rasyid in 2002. Andi quit being a lecturer in October 2004 when he was appointed Presidential Spokesperson by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. On December 7, 2012, he officially resigned his post as Minister of Youth and Sports of the Republic of Indonesia after he was listed as a suspect in graft case related to the construction of the Hambalang sports complex in Sentul, Bogor, West Java by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). On January 11, 2013 President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono appointed Roy Suryo as the new Youth and Sports minister. On October 17, he was officially detained in the detention center Corruption Eradication Commission. Andi was officially detained after nearly a year of investigation."], "answer": {"text": "continuing family tradition as the best graduate of the Military Academy.", "answer_start": 1013}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono from?", "answer": {"text": "Yudhoyono lives both in the Presidential Merdeka Palace in Jakarta", "answer_start": 387, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "does his family live with him in the presidential residence", "answer": {"text": "and his family residence in Cikeas, Bogor with his wife,", "answer_start": 454, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "does he have any children", "answer": {"text": "The family's eldest son, Major Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono", "answer_start": 788, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "were there any more children", "answer": {"text": "The family's younger son,", "answer_start": 164, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "who is his wife", "answer": {"text": "Ani Bambang Yudhoyono.", "answer_start": 511, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her job", "answer": {"text": "the first vice-chairman of her husband's Democratic Party.", "answer_start": 625, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is there anything else interesting", "answer": {"text": "The family's eldest son, Major Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (born 1978), graduated from Taruna Nusantara High School in 1997", "answer_start": 788, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_74952e0aa52242178b5074bf25b19737_0_q#8", "question": "what of the boys did they get married", "rewrite": "Did any of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's sons get married?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On 11 November 2005, he was sworn in by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as the Indonesian Ambassador to the United Kingdom. In this capacity, he sought to elevate and rejuvenate Indonesia \u2013 United Kingdom bilateral relations to a higher level as, inter alia, evidenced in the visit of Prime Minister Blair to Indonesia in March 2006 and the establishment of Indonesia \u2013 United Kingdom Partnership Forum. On 5 September 2007, he was transferred to New York as Permanent Representative of Indonesia to the United Nations, a position that he held until 2009. His functions included that of President of the Security Council, Chairman of the Special Committee on Decolonization, and Chairman of the UN Security Council Sanctions Committee on the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono appointed him Minister for Foreign Affairs on 21 October 2009, a position that he held until 2014. In 2012, he was part of the State visit of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono to the United Kingdom. He was appointed an Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George. Natalegawa is married to the Thai-born Sranya Bamrungphong. The couple have three children, Anantha, Annisa, and Andreyka.", "Andi Mallarangeng Andi Alfian Mallarangeng (born March 14, 1963 in Makassar, South Sulawesi) is an Indonesian politician who served as Minister of Youth and Sports at Second United Indonesia Cabinet. He also served as presidential spokesman for President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. In 2012, he resigned as minister due to a corruption charges against him. His involvement in the reform movement continued when he was a member of the General Elections Commission (KPU), the representative of the government, which organized the first democratic elections in 1999. With the establishment of the Ministry of Regional Autonomy in the reform era, Andi resigned from the KPU and joined as an expert staff of Ministers Country of Autonomy Region (1999\u20132000). The ministry was later dissolved despite being only 10 months old. He then worked on developing the idea of good governance as the Chair of Policy Committee on Partnership for Governance Reform (2000\u20132002). He had founded the Democratic Nationhood Party (Partai Persatuan Demokrasi Kebangsaan) with Ryaas Rasyid in 2002. Andi quit being a lecturer in October 2004 when he was appointed Presidential Spokesperson by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. On December 7, 2012, he officially resigned his post as Minister of Youth and Sports of the Republic of Indonesia after he was listed as a suspect in graft case related to the construction of the Hambalang sports complex in Sentul, Bogor, West Java by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). On January 11, 2013 President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono appointed Roy Suryo as the new Youth and Sports minister. On October 17, he was officially detained in the detention center Corruption Eradication Commission. Andi was officially detained after nearly a year of investigation.", "This forum was chaired by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, and the Prime Minister of Japan at that time, Yukio Hatoyama. It was attended by four Heads of State/Government, with the participation from thirty-two participants and eight observers. The theme of the BDF II was \"\u201cIn Search of Synergy: Democracy, Rule of Law, and Development.\u201d \" The theme raised in BDF II was deemed relevant to the condition of the global community, which was in the midst of debt and financial crisis. With relatively stable growth, Asia was expected to be the engine of the global economic recovery. Political progress was considered important to create a balanced and conducive condition in Asia, as economic growth ultimately demands the enforcement of the rule of law and transparency. BDF III was held on 8\u20139 December 2010. This forum was chaired by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and the President of South Korea at the time, Lee Myung-bak. It was attended by four Heads of State/Government, with the participation from forty-four participants and twenty-seven observers. The theme of the BDF III was \u201c\"Democracy and the Promotion of Peace and Stability\u201d.\" The third forum was held in the midst of a regional and political crisis on the Korean peninsula. The forum agreed that democracy should be able to generate democratic dividends that can be felt directly by the community, including the creation of peace and stability. In the context of resolving a country's internal conflict, the importance of a dialogue mechanism that can ensure a peaceful transition of democracy was emphasized. BDF IV was held on 8\u20139 December 2011. This forum was chaired by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and the Prime Minister of Bangladesh", "2009 Indonesian presidential election Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 8 July 2009. The elections returned a president and vice president for the 2009\u20132014 period. Incumbent President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, elected with a 20% margin in the 2004 election, sought a second term against former President Megawati Sukarnoputri in a rematch of the 2004 election, as well as incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla. Securing a majority of the votes in a landslide victory in the first round, Yudhoyono was re-elected without the need to proceed to a second round, scheduled to be held on 8 September if no candidate received a majority of the popular vote. Yudhoyono was officially declared the victor of the election on 23 July 2009, by the General Election Commission (KPU). At the time of his re-election victory, Yudhoyono, with nearly 74 million votes in his favour, held the record for the highest number of votes for a single person in any democratic election in history. His record was surpassed by his successor Joko Widodo who won 85 million votes in 2019. This was the second election in which Indonesians elected their President and Vice President directly. In 2004, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono defeated incumbent Megawati Sukarnoputri in a run-off election. Polls through early January 2009 saw Yudhoyono leading a large field of potential presidential candidates. Incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla announced in February 2009 that he would not be returning as a vice presidential candidate with Yudhoyono. Instead, he was ready to challenge Yudhoyono should Golkar, the party which he chaired, nominate him as a presidential candidate.", "During a visit to Jordan in May 2006, the President of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono reiterated Indonesia\u2019s support for Palestinian independence including through the resumption of peace talks, as well as expressing Indonesia \u2019s concern over the Palestinian conditions, including in terms of finance, amidst the economic sanctions imposed by Israel. The Leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization, Yasser Arafat had visited Indonesia for several times; in 1984 to meet Suharto, in September 1992 to attend 10th Non-Aligned Movement Summit in Jakarta, in 1993 and again in August 2000 to meet Indonesian President Abdurrahman Wahid in Jakarta. On 21\u201323 October 2007, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas conducted his first ever official State visit to Indonesia. During his visit President Abbas had signed several agreements on cooperation with Indonesia. The Agreements included cooperation in the areas of communications and education. Abbas visited Indonesia again in May 2010 and February 2014. During the 2008-2009 Gaza War, Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono said the Indonesian government remained consistent in supporting the struggle of the Palestinian people to maintain their rights and sovereignty. He said that \"Israel`s unproportionally all-out war on Hamas with a great number of fatalities is an unforgettable human tragedy. We invite all parties to help stop the Israeli attacks and we will continue to support the Palestinian struggle. Indonesia finds it necessary for the UN Security Council to make a formal meeting and issue a resolution to force Israel halt its aggression.\" After the 31 May 2010, Gaza flotilla raid, Indonesian president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono condemned Israeli action. Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa also condemned the action and said that the Israeli blockade in Gaza is a violation of international law."], "answer": {"text": "Major Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono", "answer_start": 813}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono from?", "answer": {"text": "Yudhoyono lives both in the Presidential Merdeka Palace in Jakarta", "answer_start": 387, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "does his family live with him in the presidential residence", "answer": {"text": "and his family residence in Cikeas, Bogor with his wife,", "answer_start": 454, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "does he have any children", "answer": {"text": "The family's eldest son, Major Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono", "answer_start": 788, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "were there any more children", "answer": {"text": "The family's younger son,", "answer_start": 164, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "who is his wife", "answer": {"text": "Ani Bambang Yudhoyono.", "answer_start": 511, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her job", "answer": {"text": "the first vice-chairman of her husband's Democratic Party.", "answer_start": 625, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is there anything else interesting", "answer": {"text": "The family's eldest son, Major Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (born 1978), graduated from Taruna Nusantara High School in 1997", "answer_start": 788, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he go into politics like his father", "answer": {"text": "continuing family tradition as the best graduate of the Military Academy.", "answer_start": 1013, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_74952e0aa52242178b5074bf25b19737_0_q#10", "question": "where did his wife go to school", "rewrite": "Where did Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's wife, Ani Bambang Yudhoyono, go to school?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This forum was chaired by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, and the Prime Minister of Japan at that time, Yukio Hatoyama. It was attended by four Heads of State/Government, with the participation from thirty-two participants and eight observers. The theme of the BDF II was \"\u201cIn Search of Synergy: Democracy, Rule of Law, and Development.\u201d \" The theme raised in BDF II was deemed relevant to the condition of the global community, which was in the midst of debt and financial crisis. With relatively stable growth, Asia was expected to be the engine of the global economic recovery. Political progress was considered important to create a balanced and conducive condition in Asia, as economic growth ultimately demands the enforcement of the rule of law and transparency. BDF III was held on 8\u20139 December 2010. This forum was chaired by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and the President of South Korea at the time, Lee Myung-bak. It was attended by four Heads of State/Government, with the participation from forty-four participants and twenty-seven observers. The theme of the BDF III was \u201c\"Democracy and the Promotion of Peace and Stability\u201d.\" The third forum was held in the midst of a regional and political crisis on the Korean peninsula. The forum agreed that democracy should be able to generate democratic dividends that can be felt directly by the community, including the creation of peace and stability. In the context of resolving a country's internal conflict, the importance of a dialogue mechanism that can ensure a peaceful transition of democracy was emphasized. BDF IV was held on 8\u20139 December 2011. This forum was chaired by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and the Prime Minister of Bangladesh", "During a visit to Jordan in May 2006, the President of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono reiterated Indonesia\u2019s support for Palestinian independence including through the resumption of peace talks, as well as expressing Indonesia \u2019s concern over the Palestinian conditions, including in terms of finance, amidst the economic sanctions imposed by Israel. The Leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization, Yasser Arafat had visited Indonesia for several times; in 1984 to meet Suharto, in September 1992 to attend 10th Non-Aligned Movement Summit in Jakarta, in 1993 and again in August 2000 to meet Indonesian President Abdurrahman Wahid in Jakarta. On 21\u201323 October 2007, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas conducted his first ever official State visit to Indonesia. During his visit President Abbas had signed several agreements on cooperation with Indonesia. The Agreements included cooperation in the areas of communications and education. Abbas visited Indonesia again in May 2010 and February 2014. During the 2008-2009 Gaza War, Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono said the Indonesian government remained consistent in supporting the struggle of the Palestinian people to maintain their rights and sovereignty. He said that \"Israel`s unproportionally all-out war on Hamas with a great number of fatalities is an unforgettable human tragedy. We invite all parties to help stop the Israeli attacks and we will continue to support the Palestinian struggle. Indonesia finds it necessary for the UN Security Council to make a formal meeting and issue a resolution to force Israel halt its aggression.\" After the 31 May 2010, Gaza flotilla raid, Indonesian president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono condemned Israeli action. Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa also condemned the action and said that the Israeli blockade in Gaza is a violation of international law.", "On 11 November 2005, he was sworn in by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as the Indonesian Ambassador to the United Kingdom. In this capacity, he sought to elevate and rejuvenate Indonesia \u2013 United Kingdom bilateral relations to a higher level as, inter alia, evidenced in the visit of Prime Minister Blair to Indonesia in March 2006 and the establishment of Indonesia \u2013 United Kingdom Partnership Forum. On 5 September 2007, he was transferred to New York as Permanent Representative of Indonesia to the United Nations, a position that he held until 2009. His functions included that of President of the Security Council, Chairman of the Special Committee on Decolonization, and Chairman of the UN Security Council Sanctions Committee on the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono appointed him Minister for Foreign Affairs on 21 October 2009, a position that he held until 2014. In 2012, he was part of the State visit of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono to the United Kingdom. He was appointed an Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George. Natalegawa is married to the Thai-born Sranya Bamrungphong. The couple have three children, Anantha, Annisa, and Andreyka.", "Ani Yudhoyono Kristiani Herrawati Yudhoyono (6 July 1952 \u2013 1 June 2019), also known as Ani Yudhoyono, was the wife of former Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and First Lady of Indonesia from 2004 until 2014. Kristiani Herrawati was born on 6 July 1952 in Yogyakarta, to Lt. Gen. (ret.) Sarwo Edhie Wibowo and Sunarti Sri Hadiyah. She was the third child of seven siblings. In 1973, she became a medical student at the Christian University of Indonesia, but in the third year she followed her father who was appointed as an ambassador to South Korea. She subsequently married Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) in 1976. Ani later continued studying at Terbuka University and graduated with a bachelor's degree in Political Science in 1998. Yudhoyono's political activities included her appointment as vice chairman of the Democratic Party. She campaigned for the successful election of her husband for President of the Republic of Indonesia in 2004. Prior to this, she was active in various women's social organizations during SBY's term as minister under Abdurrahman Wahid and Megawati Soekarnoputri. Following her husband's election to the presidency, she organised polio immunisation campaigns and Mobil Pintar (Smart Cars), where vans are filled with books for children to read. In 2013, it surfaced that Australian intelligence had been tapping her mobile phone as part of a row between Indonesia and Australia. Also in December that year, she was mentioned in a WikiLeaks diplomatic cable, which accused her of actively influencing her husband on political affairs. In 2007, a rare Papuan butterfly species was named after her.", "Andi Mallarangeng Andi Alfian Mallarangeng (born March 14, 1963 in Makassar, South Sulawesi) is an Indonesian politician who served as Minister of Youth and Sports at Second United Indonesia Cabinet. He also served as presidential spokesman for President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. In 2012, he resigned as minister due to a corruption charges against him. His involvement in the reform movement continued when he was a member of the General Elections Commission (KPU), the representative of the government, which organized the first democratic elections in 1999. With the establishment of the Ministry of Regional Autonomy in the reform era, Andi resigned from the KPU and joined as an expert staff of Ministers Country of Autonomy Region (1999\u20132000). The ministry was later dissolved despite being only 10 months old. He then worked on developing the idea of good governance as the Chair of Policy Committee on Partnership for Governance Reform (2000\u20132002). He had founded the Democratic Nationhood Party (Partai Persatuan Demokrasi Kebangsaan) with Ryaas Rasyid in 2002. Andi quit being a lecturer in October 2004 when he was appointed Presidential Spokesperson by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. On December 7, 2012, he officially resigned his post as Minister of Youth and Sports of the Republic of Indonesia after he was listed as a suspect in graft case related to the construction of the Hambalang sports complex in Sentul, Bogor, West Java by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). On January 11, 2013 President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono appointed Roy Suryo as the new Youth and Sports minister. On October 17, he was officially detained in the detention center Corruption Eradication Commission. Andi was officially detained after nearly a year of investigation."], "answer": {"text": "Ani Yudhoyono holds a political science degree from Merdeka University,", "answer_start": 545}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono from?", "answer": {"text": "Yudhoyono lives both in the Presidential Merdeka Palace in Jakarta", "answer_start": 387, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "does his family live with him in the presidential residence", "answer": {"text": "and his family residence in Cikeas, Bogor with his wife,", "answer_start": 454, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "does he have any children", "answer": {"text": "The family's eldest son, Major Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono", "answer_start": 788, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "were there any more children", "answer": {"text": "The family's younger son,", "answer_start": 164, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "who is his wife", "answer": {"text": "Ani Bambang Yudhoyono.", "answer_start": 511, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her job", "answer": {"text": "the first vice-chairman of her husband's Democratic Party.", "answer_start": 625, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is there anything else interesting", "answer": {"text": "The family's eldest son, Major Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (born 1978), graduated from Taruna Nusantara High School in 1997", "answer_start": 788, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he go into politics like his father", "answer": {"text": "continuing family tradition as the best graduate of the Military Academy.", "answer_start": 1013, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what of the boys did they get married", "answer": {"text": "Major Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono", "answer_start": 813, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did Susilo go to school", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_667fb2ea38bd4287a69475990120ea67_1_q#0", "question": "What endorsements did Selena Gomez have?", "rewrite": "What endorsements did Selena Gomez have?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Grimmie performed in the UNICEF charity concert, and also performed backup vocals for Selena Gomez & the Scene; she appeared on the first DigiTour in 2011, which was created specifically for YouTube artists. Gomez became her mentor. Grimmie appeared on the Billboard Social 50; she also opened for Selena Gomez & the Scene, Allstar Weekend and the Jonas Brothers during the Concert of Hope. She toured for six weeks with Selena Gomez & the Scene opening for them in the We Own the Night Tour. She released an EP entitled \"Find Me\", on June 14, 2011. The album was released independently and debuted at number 35 on the \"Billboard 200\" chart in the US. Her debut single \"Advice\" was released to Radio Disney on June 11, with the music video, directed by Sean Babas, being released on July 19 on her YouTube channel. She appeared on \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\" with fellow YouTuber Tyler Ward, performing a cover to Lil Wayne's \"How to Love\"; the episode aired on October 10, 2011. On November 20, 2011, Grimmie performed at the 39th American Music Awards of 2011 pre-show alongside Taio Cruz to a special rendition of Higher and also won her first award. She also performed her song \"Not Fragile\" at the \"Coca-Cola Red Carpet Show\" along with Selena Gomez & the Scene. She and the band then appeared together in a commercial for Xbox's Kinect. Grimmie also appeared in a commercial for Doritos that same month. Grimmie was the special musical guest performing her hit song \"Advice\" on Disney Channel's \"So Random!\", which premiered on December 11, 2011. In January 2012, Grimmie moved to Los Angeles to pursue her singing career; she was signed in April to Creative Artists Agency.", "In 2009, Gomez was part of Sears's back-to-school fashion campaign and was featured in television commercials. She hosted the \"Sears Arrive Air Band Casting Call\" to select five winners for the first-ever \"Sears Air Band\" to perform at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards. She also became the spokesperson for Borden Milk and was featured in campaign's print ads and television commercials. From 2010 to 2014, Gomez released her own clothing line, Dream Out Loud by Selena Gomez, through retailer Kmart. In 2012, she released a self-titled fragrance, Selena Gomez by Selena Gomez. It was also announced that she would partner with the cellphone brand, Case-Mate, as part of its upcoming \"Right Case, Right Occasion\" marketing campaign. In 2013, she released her second fragrance, Vivamore by Selena Gomez. She also created her own collection of nail polish colors for Nicole by OPI. From 2013 to 2015, Gomez was a spokesperson and partner for Neo by Adidas. In 2015, Gomez signed $3 million endorsement deal with Pantene. In 2016, Gomez appeared in a fashion campaign for luxury brand Louis Vuitton. Gomez also appeared in ads for Coca-Cola's \"Share a Coke\" campaign, and she appeared in advertisements for the campaign and lyrics from two of her songs will be featured on packages of Coca-Cola products nationwide. In 2017, Gomez confirmed that she was partnering with Coach, Inc, beginning with their fall line. She has a limited-edition collection of handbags called the \"Selena Grace\" that she designed in collaboration with luxury brand Coach, Inc. She also partnered with the athletic brand, Puma, appearing in campaigns.", "Whiplash (Selena Gomez & the Scene song) \"Whiplash\" is a song by American band Selena Gomez & the Scene, from their third studio album \" When the Sun Goes Down\" (2011). The song was originally written by Britney Spears; after she started working on her sixth studio album \"Circus\" (2008), Spears contacted Nicole Morier to write songs with her. Together, they wrote several songs. \"Whiplash\", which was produced by co-writer Greg Kurstin, failed to make the album. In 2011, Selena Gomez recorded the song with her band for \"When the Sun Goes Down\". \"Whiplash\" is a dance song with influences of electro, relying heavily on the usage of synthesizers. The pre-chorus has a sing-rap section in which Gomez delivers the lyrics in a thick British accent. \"Whiplash\" is musically different and much more aggressive than the rest of the album, and its lyrics speak of a blossoming romance; it has been compared to the work of Spears. \"Whiplash\" received mixed to positive reviews. While some critics called it one of the standout tracks of \"When the Sun Goes Down\", others dismissed its rap sections and lyrics. Selena Gomez & the Scene performed the song on their We Own the Night Tour (2011). \"Whiplash\" was written and produced by Greg Kurstin, with additional writing by Nicole Morier and Britney Spears. The latter had recorded \"Heaven on Earth\", written by Morier and songwriting team Freescha, for her fifth studio album \"Blackout\" (2007). During an interview with \"On Air with Ryan Seacrest\", Spears named the song her favorite from the album. When she started recording her sixth studio album \"Circus\" (2008), she contacted Morier to write songs with her.", "Although noting most songs on the album as \"over-produced\" dance-pop songs ballads and that Gomez spends most of the record trying to \"dig herself out\" of vocal effects, Allison Stewart of \"The Washington Post\" said at its worst, the album was a marked improvement over the \"attitude-heavy\", \"Kiss & Tell\". Calling Gomez a young version of Katy Perry, Stewart commented, \"Disney princesses seem to come along every 15 minutes, but few of them charm like Selena Gomez.\" Bill Lamb of About.com reviewed the album saying, \"Clearly Selena Gomez and the Scene have evolved musically in the short year that has elapsed since their first album \"Kiss and Tell\"... This time around they are immersed in a more polished dance-pop style that moves easily from the glossy midtempo title cut to perky uptempo club tunes. If you have dismissed Selena Gomez as merely a cookie cutter Disney pop princess, it is high time to listen to more of her music and [the music] is likely to change your mind. While not deep, \"A Year Without Rain\" is a solid, pleasing pop album. The \"Wairarapa Times-Age\" said in their review of the album, \"\" A Year Without Rain\", Selena Gomez & The Scene's second album, is full of dance floor-friendly synth pop, probably more suited to a slightly older set than her teen-targeted TV show, and with less of a rock edge than fellow Disney Stars Miley Cyrus and Demi Lovato. \" At the end of the review, they listed \" Live Like There's No Tomorrow\", and the title track \"A Year Without Rain\" as the two highlights from the album. MusicOMH", "List of songs recorded by Selena Gomez Selena Gomez is an American singer and actress. In 2008, Gomez signed a record deal with Hollywood Records. Gomez later formed a band named Selena Gomez & the Scene. In 2009, Gomez released her first extended play (EP), \"Another Cinderella Story\", by Razor & Tie. Selena Gomez & the Scene released their debut album, \"Kiss & Tell\" in 2009. Their second album, \"A Year Without Rain\" was released in 2010 and their third album, \"When the Sun Goes Down\", in 2011. Gomez announced the band would take a hiatus while Gomez focused on her acting career. In 2013, she confirmed that she would be releasing her solo debut album, as opposed to another album with her band. The result was \"Stars Dance\", released on July 19, 2013. \" Stars Dance\" is an album rooted stylistically in EDM and pop, this later specifically showcased as electropop. Having spent seven years with Hollywood Records, Gomez signed a recording contract with Interscope Records in 2014. To officially end her contract with Hollywood Records, Gomez released the compilation album \" For You\" (2014). Her second studio album, \"Revival\" was released on October 9, 2015. \"Revival\" is primarily a dance-pop and electropop album with R&B vibes, which has been also described as \"a heady mix of electronic dance music pop\". The album was met with a positive reaction from critics, who praised the album's production and lyrical content."], "answer": {"text": "In 2009, Gomez was part of Sears's back-to-school fashion campaign and was featured in television commercials.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_667fb2ea38bd4287a69475990120ea67_1_q#1", "question": "What other brands did she work with?", "rewrite": "Other than Sears, what other brands did Selena Gomez work with?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Whiplash (Selena Gomez & the Scene song) \"Whiplash\" is a song by American band Selena Gomez & the Scene, from their third studio album \" When the Sun Goes Down\" (2011). The song was originally written by Britney Spears; after she started working on her sixth studio album \"Circus\" (2008), Spears contacted Nicole Morier to write songs with her. Together, they wrote several songs. \"Whiplash\", which was produced by co-writer Greg Kurstin, failed to make the album. In 2011, Selena Gomez recorded the song with her band for \"When the Sun Goes Down\". \"Whiplash\" is a dance song with influences of electro, relying heavily on the usage of synthesizers. The pre-chorus has a sing-rap section in which Gomez delivers the lyrics in a thick British accent. \"Whiplash\" is musically different and much more aggressive than the rest of the album, and its lyrics speak of a blossoming romance; it has been compared to the work of Spears. \"Whiplash\" received mixed to positive reviews. While some critics called it one of the standout tracks of \"When the Sun Goes Down\", others dismissed its rap sections and lyrics. Selena Gomez & the Scene performed the song on their We Own the Night Tour (2011). \"Whiplash\" was written and produced by Greg Kurstin, with additional writing by Nicole Morier and Britney Spears. The latter had recorded \"Heaven on Earth\", written by Morier and songwriting team Freescha, for her fifth studio album \"Blackout\" (2007). During an interview with \"On Air with Ryan Seacrest\", Spears named the song her favorite from the album. When she started recording her sixth studio album \"Circus\" (2008), she contacted Morier to write songs with her.", "List of songs recorded by Selena Gomez Selena Gomez is an American singer and actress. In 2008, Gomez signed a record deal with Hollywood Records. Gomez later formed a band named Selena Gomez & the Scene. In 2009, Gomez released her first extended play (EP), \"Another Cinderella Story\", by Razor & Tie. Selena Gomez & the Scene released their debut album, \"Kiss & Tell\" in 2009. Their second album, \"A Year Without Rain\" was released in 2010 and their third album, \"When the Sun Goes Down\", in 2011. Gomez announced the band would take a hiatus while Gomez focused on her acting career. In 2013, she confirmed that she would be releasing her solo debut album, as opposed to another album with her band. The result was \"Stars Dance\", released on July 19, 2013. \" Stars Dance\" is an album rooted stylistically in EDM and pop, this later specifically showcased as electropop. Having spent seven years with Hollywood Records, Gomez signed a recording contract with Interscope Records in 2014. To officially end her contract with Hollywood Records, Gomez released the compilation album \" For You\" (2014). Her second studio album, \"Revival\" was released on October 9, 2015. \"Revival\" is primarily a dance-pop and electropop album with R&B vibes, which has been also described as \"a heady mix of electronic dance music pop\". The album was met with a positive reaction from critics, who praised the album's production and lyrical content.", "In 2009, Gomez was part of Sears's back-to-school fashion campaign and was featured in television commercials. She hosted the \"Sears Arrive Air Band Casting Call\" to select five winners for the first-ever \"Sears Air Band\" to perform at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards. She also became the spokesperson for Borden Milk and was featured in campaign's print ads and television commercials. From 2010 to 2014, Gomez released her own clothing line, Dream Out Loud by Selena Gomez, through retailer Kmart. In 2012, she released a self-titled fragrance, Selena Gomez by Selena Gomez. It was also announced that she would partner with the cellphone brand, Case-Mate, as part of its upcoming \"Right Case, Right Occasion\" marketing campaign. In 2013, she released her second fragrance, Vivamore by Selena Gomez. She also created her own collection of nail polish colors for Nicole by OPI. From 2013 to 2015, Gomez was a spokesperson and partner for Neo by Adidas. In 2015, Gomez signed $3 million endorsement deal with Pantene. In 2016, Gomez appeared in a fashion campaign for luxury brand Louis Vuitton. Gomez also appeared in ads for Coca-Cola's \"Share a Coke\" campaign, and she appeared in advertisements for the campaign and lyrics from two of her songs will be featured on packages of Coca-Cola products nationwide. In 2017, Gomez confirmed that she was partnering with Coach, Inc, beginning with their fall line. She has a limited-edition collection of handbags called the \"Selena Grace\" that she designed in collaboration with luxury brand Coach, Inc. She also partnered with the athletic brand, Puma, appearing in campaigns.", "List of live performances by Selena Gomez American singer Selena Gomez has released two studio albums since her solo debut in 2013. This has resulted in two concert tours all of them worldwide, and a lot of TV and award shows performances. During her Disney Channel days Gomez formed Selena Gomez & The Scene, her first musical group. The musical formation broke up in 2012 after ending their third and final concert tour named We Own the Night Tour. After the band's departure, Gomez has been releasing new music as a solo artist. She has been promoting all of her albums as well as her debut one \"Stars Dance\", through 2013 and 2014, through performances at several festivals including the Rodeo Houston. A tour in support of the album began in August 2013 and was named Stars Dance Tour. The tour was scheduled to visit Asia and Oceania between January and February 2014 but those legs were cancelled due to Gomez being diagnosed with lupus. After completion, the tour grossed over $20 million. In November 2014 Gomez released her first compilation album which she named \"For You\". The album included tracks from her Hollywood Records days as well as a new track named \"The Heart Wants What It Wants\". In December 2014, Gomez signed with Interscope Records after releasing four studio albums with Hollywood Records. In October 2015, Gomez released her second studio album as a solo artist; \"Revival\". The singer announced in late November that she would tour the world with a tour in support of the new album. The tour began in Las Vegas in May 2016 and ended three months later in New Zealand. The Revival Tour was expected to visit Europe in October and November 2016 before visiting Latin America the following month but got canceled in August 2016 due to the singer's anxiety and depression, both symptoms of her disease. In 2017 Gomez started to work on her next album, her second with Interscope often referred to as \"SG2\" on social media.", "Although noting most songs on the album as \"over-produced\" dance-pop songs ballads and that Gomez spends most of the record trying to \"dig herself out\" of vocal effects, Allison Stewart of \"The Washington Post\" said at its worst, the album was a marked improvement over the \"attitude-heavy\", \"Kiss & Tell\". Calling Gomez a young version of Katy Perry, Stewart commented, \"Disney princesses seem to come along every 15 minutes, but few of them charm like Selena Gomez.\" Bill Lamb of About.com reviewed the album saying, \"Clearly Selena Gomez and the Scene have evolved musically in the short year that has elapsed since their first album \"Kiss and Tell\"... This time around they are immersed in a more polished dance-pop style that moves easily from the glossy midtempo title cut to perky uptempo club tunes. If you have dismissed Selena Gomez as merely a cookie cutter Disney pop princess, it is high time to listen to more of her music and [the music] is likely to change your mind. While not deep, \"A Year Without Rain\" is a solid, pleasing pop album. The \"Wairarapa Times-Age\" said in their review of the album, \"\" A Year Without Rain\", Selena Gomez & The Scene's second album, is full of dance floor-friendly synth pop, probably more suited to a slightly older set than her teen-targeted TV show, and with less of a rock edge than fellow Disney Stars Miley Cyrus and Demi Lovato. \" At the end of the review, they listed \" Live Like There's No Tomorrow\", and the title track \"A Year Without Rain\" as the two highlights from the album. MusicOMH"], "answer": {"text": "From 2010 to 2014, Gomez released her own clothing line, Dream Out Loud by Selena Gomez, through retailer Kmart.", "answer_start": 387}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What endorsements did Selena Gomez have?", "answer": {"text": "In 2009, Gomez was part of Sears's back-to-school fashion campaign and was featured in television commercials.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_667fb2ea38bd4287a69475990120ea67_1_q#2", "question": "What other advertisments was she featured on?", "rewrite": "Besides Sears and Kmart, what other advertisements was Selena Gomez featured on?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Although noting most songs on the album as \"over-produced\" dance-pop songs ballads and that Gomez spends most of the record trying to \"dig herself out\" of vocal effects, Allison Stewart of \"The Washington Post\" said at its worst, the album was a marked improvement over the \"attitude-heavy\", \"Kiss & Tell\". Calling Gomez a young version of Katy Perry, Stewart commented, \"Disney princesses seem to come along every 15 minutes, but few of them charm like Selena Gomez.\" Bill Lamb of About.com reviewed the album saying, \"Clearly Selena Gomez and the Scene have evolved musically in the short year that has elapsed since their first album \"Kiss and Tell\"... This time around they are immersed in a more polished dance-pop style that moves easily from the glossy midtempo title cut to perky uptempo club tunes. If you have dismissed Selena Gomez as merely a cookie cutter Disney pop princess, it is high time to listen to more of her music and [the music] is likely to change your mind. While not deep, \"A Year Without Rain\" is a solid, pleasing pop album. The \"Wairarapa Times-Age\" said in their review of the album, \"\" A Year Without Rain\", Selena Gomez & The Scene's second album, is full of dance floor-friendly synth pop, probably more suited to a slightly older set than her teen-targeted TV show, and with less of a rock edge than fellow Disney Stars Miley Cyrus and Demi Lovato. \" At the end of the review, they listed \" Live Like There's No Tomorrow\", and the title track \"A Year Without Rain\" as the two highlights from the album. MusicOMH", "Sears Holdings Sears Holdings Corporation (now referred to as \"Old Sears\") is an American holding company headquartered in Hoffman Estates, Illinois. It was the parent company of the chain stores Kmart and Sears and was founded after Kmart purchased Sears in 2005; it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2018 and sold its assets to ESL Investments in 2019. It was the 20th-largest retailing company in the United States in 2015. On November 17, 2004, the management of Kmart Holding Corporation announced its intention to purchase Sears, Roebuck and Co. under a new corporation. Kmart previously emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on May 6, 2003. The new corporation became known as Sears Holdings Corporation, simply known as Sears Holdings. The new corporation announced that it would continue to operate stores under both the Sears and Kmart brands. The merger of Kmart and Sears closed on March 24, 2005, following affirmative shareholder votes of both companies. The result of the merger was Kmart and parent Kmart Holding Corporation and Sears became subsidiaries of the new Sears Holdings Corporation. Sears Holdings now operates Sears and Kmart stores. The company continues to market products under brands held by both companies. The two companies cited several reasons for combining forces: The company is directed by a board of directors composed of members from the two companies: seven members from Kmart's board, and three from Sears. Shareholders in the Kmart Holding Corporation received one share in the new company. Shares of Sears, Roebuck and Company stock were converted into a combination of 55 percent stock and 45 percent cash (at $50 a share). Stockholders had a choice of receiving either stock or cash, subject to the predefined ratio. The merger was completed on March 24, 2005, after receiving regulatory approval from the government and approval by shareholders of both companies. Sears Holdings continues to operate stores under the Sears and Kmart mastheads.", "Grimmie performed in the UNICEF charity concert, and also performed backup vocals for Selena Gomez & the Scene; she appeared on the first DigiTour in 2011, which was created specifically for YouTube artists. Gomez became her mentor. Grimmie appeared on the Billboard Social 50; she also opened for Selena Gomez & the Scene, Allstar Weekend and the Jonas Brothers during the Concert of Hope. She toured for six weeks with Selena Gomez & the Scene opening for them in the We Own the Night Tour. She released an EP entitled \"Find Me\", on June 14, 2011. The album was released independently and debuted at number 35 on the \"Billboard 200\" chart in the US. Her debut single \"Advice\" was released to Radio Disney on June 11, with the music video, directed by Sean Babas, being released on July 19 on her YouTube channel. She appeared on \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\" with fellow YouTuber Tyler Ward, performing a cover to Lil Wayne's \"How to Love\"; the episode aired on October 10, 2011. On November 20, 2011, Grimmie performed at the 39th American Music Awards of 2011 pre-show alongside Taio Cruz to a special rendition of Higher and also won her first award. She also performed her song \"Not Fragile\" at the \"Coca-Cola Red Carpet Show\" along with Selena Gomez & the Scene. She and the band then appeared together in a commercial for Xbox's Kinect. Grimmie also appeared in a commercial for Doritos that same month. Grimmie was the special musical guest performing her hit song \"Advice\" on Disney Channel's \"So Random!\", which premiered on December 11, 2011. In January 2012, Grimmie moved to Los Angeles to pursue her singing career; she was signed in April to Creative Artists Agency.", "In 2009, Gomez was part of Sears's back-to-school fashion campaign and was featured in television commercials. She hosted the \"Sears Arrive Air Band Casting Call\" to select five winners for the first-ever \"Sears Air Band\" to perform at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards. She also became the spokesperson for Borden Milk and was featured in campaign's print ads and television commercials. From 2010 to 2014, Gomez released her own clothing line, Dream Out Loud by Selena Gomez, through retailer Kmart. In 2012, she released a self-titled fragrance, Selena Gomez by Selena Gomez. It was also announced that she would partner with the cellphone brand, Case-Mate, as part of its upcoming \"Right Case, Right Occasion\" marketing campaign. In 2013, she released her second fragrance, Vivamore by Selena Gomez. She also created her own collection of nail polish colors for Nicole by OPI. From 2013 to 2015, Gomez was a spokesperson and partner for Neo by Adidas. In 2015, Gomez signed $3 million endorsement deal with Pantene. In 2016, Gomez appeared in a fashion campaign for luxury brand Louis Vuitton. Gomez also appeared in ads for Coca-Cola's \"Share a Coke\" campaign, and she appeared in advertisements for the campaign and lyrics from two of her songs will be featured on packages of Coca-Cola products nationwide. In 2017, Gomez confirmed that she was partnering with Coach, Inc, beginning with their fall line. She has a limited-edition collection of handbags called the \"Selena Grace\" that she designed in collaboration with luxury brand Coach, Inc. She also partnered with the athletic brand, Puma, appearing in campaigns.", "List of songs recorded by Selena Gomez Selena Gomez is an American singer and actress. In 2008, Gomez signed a record deal with Hollywood Records. Gomez later formed a band named Selena Gomez & the Scene. In 2009, Gomez released her first extended play (EP), \"Another Cinderella Story\", by Razor & Tie. Selena Gomez & the Scene released their debut album, \"Kiss & Tell\" in 2009. Their second album, \"A Year Without Rain\" was released in 2010 and their third album, \"When the Sun Goes Down\", in 2011. Gomez announced the band would take a hiatus while Gomez focused on her acting career. In 2013, she confirmed that she would be releasing her solo debut album, as opposed to another album with her band. The result was \"Stars Dance\", released on July 19, 2013. \" Stars Dance\" is an album rooted stylistically in EDM and pop, this later specifically showcased as electropop. Having spent seven years with Hollywood Records, Gomez signed a recording contract with Interscope Records in 2014. To officially end her contract with Hollywood Records, Gomez released the compilation album \" For You\" (2014). Her second studio album, \"Revival\" was released on October 9, 2015. \"Revival\" is primarily a dance-pop and electropop album with R&B vibes, which has been also described as \"a heady mix of electronic dance music pop\". The album was met with a positive reaction from critics, who praised the album's production and lyrical content."], "answer": {"text": "It was also announced that she would partner with the cellphone brand, Case-Mate, as part of its upcoming \"Right Case, Right Occasion\" marketing", "answer_start": 577}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What endorsements did Selena Gomez have?", "answer": {"text": "In 2009, Gomez was part of Sears's back-to-school fashion campaign and was featured in television commercials.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other brands did she work with?", "answer": {"text": "From 2010 to 2014, Gomez released her own clothing line, Dream Out Loud by Selena Gomez, through retailer Kmart.", "answer_start": 387, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_667fb2ea38bd4287a69475990120ea67_1_q#3", "question": "What other campaigns was she involved in?", "rewrite": "In addition to Case-Mate, Sears and Kmart, what other campaigns was Selena Gomez involved in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Although noting most songs on the album as \"over-produced\" dance-pop songs ballads and that Gomez spends most of the record trying to \"dig herself out\" of vocal effects, Allison Stewart of \"The Washington Post\" said at its worst, the album was a marked improvement over the \"attitude-heavy\", \"Kiss & Tell\". Calling Gomez a young version of Katy Perry, Stewart commented, \"Disney princesses seem to come along every 15 minutes, but few of them charm like Selena Gomez.\" Bill Lamb of About.com reviewed the album saying, \"Clearly Selena Gomez and the Scene have evolved musically in the short year that has elapsed since their first album \"Kiss and Tell\"... This time around they are immersed in a more polished dance-pop style that moves easily from the glossy midtempo title cut to perky uptempo club tunes. If you have dismissed Selena Gomez as merely a cookie cutter Disney pop princess, it is high time to listen to more of her music and [the music] is likely to change your mind. While not deep, \"A Year Without Rain\" is a solid, pleasing pop album. The \"Wairarapa Times-Age\" said in their review of the album, \"\" A Year Without Rain\", Selena Gomez & The Scene's second album, is full of dance floor-friendly synth pop, probably more suited to a slightly older set than her teen-targeted TV show, and with less of a rock edge than fellow Disney Stars Miley Cyrus and Demi Lovato. \" At the end of the review, they listed \" Live Like There's No Tomorrow\", and the title track \"A Year Without Rain\" as the two highlights from the album. MusicOMH", "Whiplash (Selena Gomez & the Scene song) \"Whiplash\" is a song by American band Selena Gomez & the Scene, from their third studio album \" When the Sun Goes Down\" (2011). The song was originally written by Britney Spears; after she started working on her sixth studio album \"Circus\" (2008), Spears contacted Nicole Morier to write songs with her. Together, they wrote several songs. \"Whiplash\", which was produced by co-writer Greg Kurstin, failed to make the album. In 2011, Selena Gomez recorded the song with her band for \"When the Sun Goes Down\". \"Whiplash\" is a dance song with influences of electro, relying heavily on the usage of synthesizers. The pre-chorus has a sing-rap section in which Gomez delivers the lyrics in a thick British accent. \"Whiplash\" is musically different and much more aggressive than the rest of the album, and its lyrics speak of a blossoming romance; it has been compared to the work of Spears. \"Whiplash\" received mixed to positive reviews. While some critics called it one of the standout tracks of \"When the Sun Goes Down\", others dismissed its rap sections and lyrics. Selena Gomez & the Scene performed the song on their We Own the Night Tour (2011). \"Whiplash\" was written and produced by Greg Kurstin, with additional writing by Nicole Morier and Britney Spears. The latter had recorded \"Heaven on Earth\", written by Morier and songwriting team Freescha, for her fifth studio album \"Blackout\" (2007). During an interview with \"On Air with Ryan Seacrest\", Spears named the song her favorite from the album. When she started recording her sixth studio album \"Circus\" (2008), she contacted Morier to write songs with her.", "List of songs recorded by Selena Gomez Selena Gomez is an American singer and actress. In 2008, Gomez signed a record deal with Hollywood Records. Gomez later formed a band named Selena Gomez & the Scene. In 2009, Gomez released her first extended play (EP), \"Another Cinderella Story\", by Razor & Tie. Selena Gomez & the Scene released their debut album, \"Kiss & Tell\" in 2009. Their second album, \"A Year Without Rain\" was released in 2010 and their third album, \"When the Sun Goes Down\", in 2011. Gomez announced the band would take a hiatus while Gomez focused on her acting career. In 2013, she confirmed that she would be releasing her solo debut album, as opposed to another album with her band. The result was \"Stars Dance\", released on July 19, 2013. \" Stars Dance\" is an album rooted stylistically in EDM and pop, this later specifically showcased as electropop. Having spent seven years with Hollywood Records, Gomez signed a recording contract with Interscope Records in 2014. To officially end her contract with Hollywood Records, Gomez released the compilation album \" For You\" (2014). Her second studio album, \"Revival\" was released on October 9, 2015. \"Revival\" is primarily a dance-pop and electropop album with R&B vibes, which has been also described as \"a heady mix of electronic dance music pop\". The album was met with a positive reaction from critics, who praised the album's production and lyrical content.", "In 2009, Gomez was part of Sears's back-to-school fashion campaign and was featured in television commercials. She hosted the \"Sears Arrive Air Band Casting Call\" to select five winners for the first-ever \"Sears Air Band\" to perform at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards. She also became the spokesperson for Borden Milk and was featured in campaign's print ads and television commercials. From 2010 to 2014, Gomez released her own clothing line, Dream Out Loud by Selena Gomez, through retailer Kmart. In 2012, she released a self-titled fragrance, Selena Gomez by Selena Gomez. It was also announced that she would partner with the cellphone brand, Case-Mate, as part of its upcoming \"Right Case, Right Occasion\" marketing campaign. In 2013, she released her second fragrance, Vivamore by Selena Gomez. She also created her own collection of nail polish colors for Nicole by OPI. From 2013 to 2015, Gomez was a spokesperson and partner for Neo by Adidas. In 2015, Gomez signed $3 million endorsement deal with Pantene. In 2016, Gomez appeared in a fashion campaign for luxury brand Louis Vuitton. Gomez also appeared in ads for Coca-Cola's \"Share a Coke\" campaign, and she appeared in advertisements for the campaign and lyrics from two of her songs will be featured on packages of Coca-Cola products nationwide. In 2017, Gomez confirmed that she was partnering with Coach, Inc, beginning with their fall line. She has a limited-edition collection of handbags called the \"Selena Grace\" that she designed in collaboration with luxury brand Coach, Inc. She also partnered with the athletic brand, Puma, appearing in campaigns.", "Sears Holdings Sears Holdings Corporation (now referred to as \"Old Sears\") is an American holding company headquartered in Hoffman Estates, Illinois. It was the parent company of the chain stores Kmart and Sears and was founded after Kmart purchased Sears in 2005; it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2018 and sold its assets to ESL Investments in 2019. It was the 20th-largest retailing company in the United States in 2015. On November 17, 2004, the management of Kmart Holding Corporation announced its intention to purchase Sears, Roebuck and Co. under a new corporation. Kmart previously emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on May 6, 2003. The new corporation became known as Sears Holdings Corporation, simply known as Sears Holdings. The new corporation announced that it would continue to operate stores under both the Sears and Kmart brands. The merger of Kmart and Sears closed on March 24, 2005, following affirmative shareholder votes of both companies. The result of the merger was Kmart and parent Kmart Holding Corporation and Sears became subsidiaries of the new Sears Holdings Corporation. Sears Holdings now operates Sears and Kmart stores. The company continues to market products under brands held by both companies. The two companies cited several reasons for combining forces: The company is directed by a board of directors composed of members from the two companies: seven members from Kmart's board, and three from Sears. Shareholders in the Kmart Holding Corporation received one share in the new company. Shares of Sears, Roebuck and Company stock were converted into a combination of 55 percent stock and 45 percent cash (at $50 a share). Stockholders had a choice of receiving either stock or cash, subject to the predefined ratio. The merger was completed on March 24, 2005, after receiving regulatory approval from the government and approval by shareholders of both companies. Sears Holdings continues to operate stores under the Sears and Kmart mastheads."], "answer": {"text": "From 2013 to 2015, Gomez was a spokesperson and partner for Neo by Adidas.", "answer_start": 879}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What endorsements did Selena Gomez have?", "answer": {"text": "In 2009, Gomez was part of Sears's back-to-school fashion campaign and was featured in television commercials.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other brands did she work with?", "answer": {"text": "From 2010 to 2014, Gomez released her own clothing line, Dream Out Loud by Selena Gomez, through retailer Kmart.", "answer_start": 387, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other advertisments was she featured on?", "answer": {"text": "It was also announced that she would partner with the cellphone brand, Case-Mate, as part of its upcoming \"Right Case, Right Occasion\" marketing", "answer_start": 577, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_667fb2ea38bd4287a69475990120ea67_1_q#4", "question": "What other brands did she advertise?", "rewrite": "Aside from Sears, Kmart, Case-Mate and Neo by Adidas, what other brands did Selena Gomez advertise?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2009, Gomez was part of Sears's back-to-school fashion campaign and was featured in television commercials. She hosted the \"Sears Arrive Air Band Casting Call\" to select five winners for the first-ever \"Sears Air Band\" to perform at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards. She also became the spokesperson for Borden Milk and was featured in campaign's print ads and television commercials. From 2010 to 2014, Gomez released her own clothing line, Dream Out Loud by Selena Gomez, through retailer Kmart. In 2012, she released a self-titled fragrance, Selena Gomez by Selena Gomez. It was also announced that she would partner with the cellphone brand, Case-Mate, as part of its upcoming \"Right Case, Right Occasion\" marketing campaign. In 2013, she released her second fragrance, Vivamore by Selena Gomez. She also created her own collection of nail polish colors for Nicole by OPI. From 2013 to 2015, Gomez was a spokesperson and partner for Neo by Adidas. In 2015, Gomez signed $3 million endorsement deal with Pantene. In 2016, Gomez appeared in a fashion campaign for luxury brand Louis Vuitton. Gomez also appeared in ads for Coca-Cola's \"Share a Coke\" campaign, and she appeared in advertisements for the campaign and lyrics from two of her songs will be featured on packages of Coca-Cola products nationwide. In 2017, Gomez confirmed that she was partnering with Coach, Inc, beginning with their fall line. She has a limited-edition collection of handbags called the \"Selena Grace\" that she designed in collaboration with luxury brand Coach, Inc. She also partnered with the athletic brand, Puma, appearing in campaigns.", "Although noting most songs on the album as \"over-produced\" dance-pop songs ballads and that Gomez spends most of the record trying to \"dig herself out\" of vocal effects, Allison Stewart of \"The Washington Post\" said at its worst, the album was a marked improvement over the \"attitude-heavy\", \"Kiss & Tell\". Calling Gomez a young version of Katy Perry, Stewart commented, \"Disney princesses seem to come along every 15 minutes, but few of them charm like Selena Gomez.\" Bill Lamb of About.com reviewed the album saying, \"Clearly Selena Gomez and the Scene have evolved musically in the short year that has elapsed since their first album \"Kiss and Tell\"... This time around they are immersed in a more polished dance-pop style that moves easily from the glossy midtempo title cut to perky uptempo club tunes. If you have dismissed Selena Gomez as merely a cookie cutter Disney pop princess, it is high time to listen to more of her music and [the music] is likely to change your mind. While not deep, \"A Year Without Rain\" is a solid, pleasing pop album. The \"Wairarapa Times-Age\" said in their review of the album, \"\" A Year Without Rain\", Selena Gomez & The Scene's second album, is full of dance floor-friendly synth pop, probably more suited to a slightly older set than her teen-targeted TV show, and with less of a rock edge than fellow Disney Stars Miley Cyrus and Demi Lovato. \" At the end of the review, they listed \" Live Like There's No Tomorrow\", and the title track \"A Year Without Rain\" as the two highlights from the album. MusicOMH", "Whiplash (Selena Gomez & the Scene song) \"Whiplash\" is a song by American band Selena Gomez & the Scene, from their third studio album \" When the Sun Goes Down\" (2011). The song was originally written by Britney Spears; after she started working on her sixth studio album \"Circus\" (2008), Spears contacted Nicole Morier to write songs with her. Together, they wrote several songs. \"Whiplash\", which was produced by co-writer Greg Kurstin, failed to make the album. In 2011, Selena Gomez recorded the song with her band for \"When the Sun Goes Down\". \"Whiplash\" is a dance song with influences of electro, relying heavily on the usage of synthesizers. The pre-chorus has a sing-rap section in which Gomez delivers the lyrics in a thick British accent. \"Whiplash\" is musically different and much more aggressive than the rest of the album, and its lyrics speak of a blossoming romance; it has been compared to the work of Spears. \"Whiplash\" received mixed to positive reviews. While some critics called it one of the standout tracks of \"When the Sun Goes Down\", others dismissed its rap sections and lyrics. Selena Gomez & the Scene performed the song on their We Own the Night Tour (2011). \"Whiplash\" was written and produced by Greg Kurstin, with additional writing by Nicole Morier and Britney Spears. The latter had recorded \"Heaven on Earth\", written by Morier and songwriting team Freescha, for her fifth studio album \"Blackout\" (2007). During an interview with \"On Air with Ryan Seacrest\", Spears named the song her favorite from the album. When she started recording her sixth studio album \"Circus\" (2008), she contacted Morier to write songs with her.", "List of songs recorded by Selena Gomez Selena Gomez is an American singer and actress. In 2008, Gomez signed a record deal with Hollywood Records. Gomez later formed a band named Selena Gomez & the Scene. In 2009, Gomez released her first extended play (EP), \"Another Cinderella Story\", by Razor & Tie. Selena Gomez & the Scene released their debut album, \"Kiss & Tell\" in 2009. Their second album, \"A Year Without Rain\" was released in 2010 and their third album, \"When the Sun Goes Down\", in 2011. Gomez announced the band would take a hiatus while Gomez focused on her acting career. In 2013, she confirmed that she would be releasing her solo debut album, as opposed to another album with her band. The result was \"Stars Dance\", released on July 19, 2013. \" Stars Dance\" is an album rooted stylistically in EDM and pop, this later specifically showcased as electropop. Having spent seven years with Hollywood Records, Gomez signed a recording contract with Interscope Records in 2014. To officially end her contract with Hollywood Records, Gomez released the compilation album \" For You\" (2014). Her second studio album, \"Revival\" was released on October 9, 2015. \"Revival\" is primarily a dance-pop and electropop album with R&B vibes, which has been also described as \"a heady mix of electronic dance music pop\". The album was met with a positive reaction from critics, who praised the album's production and lyrical content.", "Sears Holdings Sears Holdings Corporation (now referred to as \"Old Sears\") is an American holding company headquartered in Hoffman Estates, Illinois. It was the parent company of the chain stores Kmart and Sears and was founded after Kmart purchased Sears in 2005; it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2018 and sold its assets to ESL Investments in 2019. It was the 20th-largest retailing company in the United States in 2015. On November 17, 2004, the management of Kmart Holding Corporation announced its intention to purchase Sears, Roebuck and Co. under a new corporation. Kmart previously emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on May 6, 2003. The new corporation became known as Sears Holdings Corporation, simply known as Sears Holdings. The new corporation announced that it would continue to operate stores under both the Sears and Kmart brands. The merger of Kmart and Sears closed on March 24, 2005, following affirmative shareholder votes of both companies. The result of the merger was Kmart and parent Kmart Holding Corporation and Sears became subsidiaries of the new Sears Holdings Corporation. Sears Holdings now operates Sears and Kmart stores. The company continues to market products under brands held by both companies. The two companies cited several reasons for combining forces: The company is directed by a board of directors composed of members from the two companies: seven members from Kmart's board, and three from Sears. Shareholders in the Kmart Holding Corporation received one share in the new company. Shares of Sears, Roebuck and Company stock were converted into a combination of 55 percent stock and 45 percent cash (at $50 a share). Stockholders had a choice of receiving either stock or cash, subject to the predefined ratio. The merger was completed on March 24, 2005, after receiving regulatory approval from the government and approval by shareholders of both companies. Sears Holdings continues to operate stores under the Sears and Kmart mastheads."], "answer": {"text": "In 2016, Gomez appeared in a fashion campaign for luxury brand Louis Vuitton.", "answer_start": 1018}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What endorsements did Selena Gomez have?", "answer": {"text": "In 2009, Gomez was part of Sears's back-to-school fashion campaign and was featured in television commercials.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other brands did she work with?", "answer": {"text": "From 2010 to 2014, Gomez released her own clothing line, Dream Out Loud by Selena Gomez, through retailer Kmart.", "answer_start": 387, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other advertisments was she featured on?", "answer": {"text": "It was also announced that she would partner with the cellphone brand, Case-Mate, as part of its upcoming \"Right Case, Right Occasion\" marketing", "answer_start": 577, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other campaigns was she involved in?", "answer": {"text": "From 2013 to 2015, Gomez was a spokesperson and partner for Neo by Adidas.", "answer_start": 879, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_de982ed2faeb4f1f97cbd3417bde410d_1_q#0", "question": "When was Pull the Thorns From Your Heart released?", "rewrite": "When was Pull the Thorns From Your Heart released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"Pull the Thorns from Your Heart\" was written in a period after Nielsen opened up about his personal life; he revealed his struggles with substance abuse and sex addiction, as well as coming out as queer. Additionally, Nielsen had a life-changing experience with Buddhism and a deep appreciation for Vipassan\u0101 meditation, which helped him with coming out. The album's title is taken from a poem by Sufi poet Rumi. Nielsen was a huge fan of his work and was enamored with what he knew about life. He explained that a lot of people have a difficult time in their lives and don't\"truly get to live in the beauty that is life because there is so much wounding, so many defense mechanisms, and so much built up around our heart and conditioned behavior.\" The album is broken down into four chapters \u2013 Annica & Sacca, Tisarana, Maransati and Brahmaviharas \u2013 all of which being named after Buddhist concepts. Nielsen noted that while the majority of music that showcases growth and change is more peaceful and abrasive, he wanted to \"show that friction is what helps spur action. Without the friction, we wouldn't want to change, we would be content. \" All of the songs were written by the band except \"The Courage of an Open Heart\", \"Dying Words\" and \"Pull the Thorns from Your Heart\", which were written solely by Nielsen. Will Putney contributed additional writing to those three tracks, while Lopez did additional writing on \"We Are All Returning Home\". Half of the tracks deal with him coming out as queer, while the other half is about reaching a level of safety and reducing suffering. On March 3, 2015, the group released a 7\" split with labelmates Man Overboard. Senses Fail's contributions were a \"Pull the Thorns\" outtake \"", "2016 Portland Thorns FC season The 2016 season is the Portland Thorns FC's fourth season of existence in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), the top division of women's soccer in the United States. The Thorns finished in 6th place in the 2015 season. The Thorns began their season at Providence Park as they faced off against the inaugural match for Orlando Pride SC. Former Thorn, Steph Catley was able to strike first for Orlando in the 12th minute. Portland would soon respond with goals from Dagn\u00fd Brynjarsd\u00f3ttir in the 25th minute and Linsey Horan in the 81st minute. Both goals would be assisted by captain, Tobin Heath. Thorns FC would win their home opener 2-1. For their last match in April, the Thorns traveled to Kansas City where they would receive a 1-1 draw. Shea Groom was able to strike first with a goal in the 30th minute; however, Lindsey Horan was able to level the Thorns in the 78th minute once again assisted by Tobin Heath. Position at the end of April The Thorns began their month of May continuing their 4-game road spell against Boston Breakers where Dagny Brynjarsdottir scored the lone goal and Tobin Heath continued her assist streak to 4 in a row. The Thorns would end up winning 1-0. The Thorns traveled to D.C. to take on the Washington Spirit. The team would end up drawing 0-0 with Tobin Heath acquiring two yellow cards thus suspending her for the next match against local rivals, Seattle Reign FC. The Thorns finished their 4 away matches in Seattle as they faced off against Reign FC. Nadia Nadim would score her first of the season with an assist by Meg Morris, however would Seattle respond within 3 minutes by a goal from Yanez, equalizing at 1-1. Both teams would settle for the draw.", "Pull the Thorns from Your Heart Pull the Thorns from Your Heart is the sixth studio album by American post-hardcore band Senses Fail. In March and April 2015, the group supported Bayside on their headlining US tour. It was released on June 30 through Pure Noise Records. Senses Fail released their fifth album \"Renacer\" through Vagrant Records imprint Staple Records in March 2013. It served as a transitional record for the band, showcasing them moving away from a pop-orientated sound to a heavier-direction, incorporating hardcore punk riffs and breakdowns. Few months after the album's release, vocalist Buddy Nielsen stated moving forward they would be exploring a \"more metal, more hardcore, less melodic\" direction. While touring in support of the record, Gavin Caswell took over bassist Jason Black's position. In January 2014, founding drummer Dan Trapp left the band, which he later announced publicly in May. The following month, Chris Hornbrook of Poison the Well was announced as their new drummer. Nielsen was enthusiastic about Hornbrook's inclusion as Poison the Well was a influence on him growing up and a major influence on \"Renacer\". In September and November, the group went on a 10-year anniversary tour for \"Let It Enfold You\" (2004). During their performance at Riot Fest, the band announced they had signed to independent label Pure Noise Records. On November 10, the band revealed their next album's title \"Pull the Thorns from Your Heart\", which they began recording that same day. Sessions were helmed by producer Shaun Lopez in Burbank, California. Drums were tracked at Lavish Studios, before moving to Lopez's The Airport Studios. The recordings were mixed by Eric Stenman at Dragonfly Creek Recording in Malibu, California and Red Bull Studios in Los Angeles, California. Mastering was done by Eric Broyhill at Monster Lab Studios.", "Also in 1999, Nancy and Ann undertook their first tour without a backing band. In 2001, Ann participated in the \"A Walk Down Abbey Road\" Beatles tribute tour, which also featured Todd Rundgren, John Entwistle of the Who and Alan Parsons. The sisters also appeared at benefits and special events, including the tribute to Brian Wilson at New York's Radio City Music Hall in March 2001. In 2002, Ann and Nancy returned to the road with a brand-new Heart lineup that included Scott Olson, Ben Smith, Alice in Chains bassist Mike Inez and keyboardist Tom Kellock. In 2003, Heart released a DVD of the band's last stop in the tour as \"Alive in Seattle\". Also in 2003, Gilby Clarke (ex-Guns N' Roses) and Darian Sahanaja replaced Olson and Kellock for an American tour. In 2004, with the new lineup, Heart released \"Jupiters Darling\", the first studio album since 1993. It featured a variety of songs that included a return to Heart's original hard-rock sound, as well as a blend of vintage pop and new textures. Standout tracks included the singles \"The Perfect Goodbye\", \"Oldest Story in the World\" (number 22 \"Billboard\" Rock Airplay, 2004) and \"Lost Angel\". In 2005, the Wilsons appeared on the CMT Music Awards as a special guest of country singer Gretchen Wilson (no relation) and performed the Heart classic \"Crazy on You\" with her. Heart also performed with Gretchen Wilson on VH-1's March 10, 2006, tribute to the band, \"Decades Rock Live!\". The special also featured Alice in Chains, Phil Anselmo, Dave Navarro, Rufus Wainwright and Carrie Underwood.", "On December 11, 2012, Heart was announced to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as part of the class of 2013, along with Rush, Albert King, Randy Newman, Donna Summer, Public Enemy, Quincy Jones, and Lou Adler. Nancy and Ann also received a star for Heart on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in September 2012. Heart released their 15th studio album, \"Fanatic\", in October 2012; it debuted at number 24 on the \" Billboard\" 200, and hit number 10 on \"Billboard's\" Rock Album chart. Simultaneously, Wilson began assisting in compiling the band's first boxed set, \"Strange Euphoria\" (taken from the name of their music publishing company). It includes three CDs of 51 songs, commentary, and a DVD of a 1976 live performance. The Amazon-exclusive version includes a bonus CD of five Led Zeppelin covers titled \"Heart: Zeppish\". Included is \"Through Eyes and Glass\", the single they recorded as teenagers while singing backup to the country singer, as well as early demo versions of \"Crazy on You\" and \"Magic Man.\" In 2016, Heart released their 16th studio album, titled \"Beautiful Broken\", which features Wilson singing lead vocals on the tracks \"Two\" and \"One Word\". At an August 26, 2016, show in Auburn, Washington, promoting the album, Wilson's teenaged sons were reportedly assaulted by sister Ann's husband, Dean Wetter, after entering the band's tour bus. Wetter pleaded guilty to two nonfelony assault charges in the fourth degree. The band completed their tour in October that year, and Wilson later commented: \"I'm an eternal optimist because I'm from a really strong, tight family, and I don't think any drama that's temporary is going to change our strong relationship."], "answer": {"text": "Pull the Thorns from Your Heart was released on June 30, 2015.", "answer_start": 439}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_de982ed2faeb4f1f97cbd3417bde410d_1_q#2", "question": "Who produced it?", "rewrite": "Who produced Pull the Thorns from Your Heart?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pull the Thorns from Your Heart Pull the Thorns from Your Heart is the sixth studio album by American post-hardcore band Senses Fail. In March and April 2015, the group supported Bayside on their headlining US tour. It was released on June 30 through Pure Noise Records. Senses Fail released their fifth album \"Renacer\" through Vagrant Records imprint Staple Records in March 2013. It served as a transitional record for the band, showcasing them moving away from a pop-orientated sound to a heavier-direction, incorporating hardcore punk riffs and breakdowns. Few months after the album's release, vocalist Buddy Nielsen stated moving forward they would be exploring a \"more metal, more hardcore, less melodic\" direction. While touring in support of the record, Gavin Caswell took over bassist Jason Black's position. In January 2014, founding drummer Dan Trapp left the band, which he later announced publicly in May. The following month, Chris Hornbrook of Poison the Well was announced as their new drummer. Nielsen was enthusiastic about Hornbrook's inclusion as Poison the Well was a influence on him growing up and a major influence on \"Renacer\". In September and November, the group went on a 10-year anniversary tour for \"Let It Enfold You\" (2004). During their performance at Riot Fest, the band announced they had signed to independent label Pure Noise Records. On November 10, the band revealed their next album's title \"Pull the Thorns from Your Heart\", which they began recording that same day. Sessions were helmed by producer Shaun Lopez in Burbank, California. Drums were tracked at Lavish Studios, before moving to Lopez's The Airport Studios. The recordings were mixed by Eric Stenman at Dragonfly Creek Recording in Malibu, California and Red Bull Studios in Los Angeles, California. Mastering was done by Eric Broyhill at Monster Lab Studios.", "\"Pull the Thorns from Your Heart\" was written in a period after Nielsen opened up about his personal life; he revealed his struggles with substance abuse and sex addiction, as well as coming out as queer. Additionally, Nielsen had a life-changing experience with Buddhism and a deep appreciation for Vipassan\u0101 meditation, which helped him with coming out. The album's title is taken from a poem by Sufi poet Rumi. Nielsen was a huge fan of his work and was enamored with what he knew about life. He explained that a lot of people have a difficult time in their lives and don't\"truly get to live in the beauty that is life because there is so much wounding, so many defense mechanisms, and so much built up around our heart and conditioned behavior.\" The album is broken down into four chapters \u2013 Annica & Sacca, Tisarana, Maransati and Brahmaviharas \u2013 all of which being named after Buddhist concepts. Nielsen noted that while the majority of music that showcases growth and change is more peaceful and abrasive, he wanted to \"show that friction is what helps spur action. Without the friction, we wouldn't want to change, we would be content. \" All of the songs were written by the band except \"The Courage of an Open Heart\", \"Dying Words\" and \"Pull the Thorns from Your Heart\", which were written solely by Nielsen. Will Putney contributed additional writing to those three tracks, while Lopez did additional writing on \"We Are All Returning Home\". Half of the tracks deal with him coming out as queer, while the other half is about reaching a level of safety and reducing suffering. On March 3, 2015, the group released a 7\" split with labelmates Man Overboard. Senses Fail's contributions were a \"Pull the Thorns\" outtake \"", "The Thorns (album) The Thorns is the only studio album by rock supergroup The Thorns. Released by Aware Records in 2003, it was produced by Brendan O'Brien following songwriting sessions by the three members before they officially became a band. Aware reissued the album in late 2003 with a bonus disc of the band performing the entirety of the album acoustically. The Thorns was a group that consisted of Matthew Sweet, Pete Droge and Shawn Mullins. Both Matthew and Shawn became big names in Georgia, playing clubs in Athens and Atlanta. Sweet and Mullins even shared the same manager. It was through their manager that Sweet became involved in the Thorns. Recording took place at L.A.\u2019s Sound Factory studio. The band thought about calling themselves, \"Horn of Plenty\" before settling on the name, \"The Thorns\" after hearing Sweet play a composition of the same name. The band continued to record the album in Atlanta, with producer, Brendan O'Brien, who had previously worked with Sweet and Droge. The band wrote the album on a ranch in Santa Ynez, California. Sweet wrote five songs for the album, Mullins wrote two, and Droge had four. They also recorded a cover version of the Jayhawks song, \"Blue.\" During their premiere performance they dedicated the song to Jayhawk Gary Louris as he recovered from a recent life-threatening infection of the heart. Legendary drummer Jim Keltner played drums on the album. The group decided to stick with the name, \"The Thorns\" after Keltner introduced the group to the Rolling Stones as The Thorns. The song \"Among the Living\" was included in the final episode of the first season of the comedy series After Life All songs written by Shawn Mullins, Matthew Sweet and Pete Droge unless otherwise noted.", "2016 Portland Thorns FC season The 2016 season is the Portland Thorns FC's fourth season of existence in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), the top division of women's soccer in the United States. The Thorns finished in 6th place in the 2015 season. The Thorns began their season at Providence Park as they faced off against the inaugural match for Orlando Pride SC. Former Thorn, Steph Catley was able to strike first for Orlando in the 12th minute. Portland would soon respond with goals from Dagn\u00fd Brynjarsd\u00f3ttir in the 25th minute and Linsey Horan in the 81st minute. Both goals would be assisted by captain, Tobin Heath. Thorns FC would win their home opener 2-1. For their last match in April, the Thorns traveled to Kansas City where they would receive a 1-1 draw. Shea Groom was able to strike first with a goal in the 30th minute; however, Lindsey Horan was able to level the Thorns in the 78th minute once again assisted by Tobin Heath. Position at the end of April The Thorns began their month of May continuing their 4-game road spell against Boston Breakers where Dagny Brynjarsdottir scored the lone goal and Tobin Heath continued her assist streak to 4 in a row. The Thorns would end up winning 1-0. The Thorns traveled to D.C. to take on the Washington Spirit. The team would end up drawing 0-0 with Tobin Heath acquiring two yellow cards thus suspending her for the next match against local rivals, Seattle Reign FC. The Thorns finished their 4 away matches in Seattle as they faced off against Reign FC. Nadia Nadim would score her first of the season with an assist by Meg Morris, however would Seattle respond within 3 minutes by a goal from Yanez, equalizing at 1-1. Both teams would settle for the draw.", "In the first of a two-game home stand, the Thorns secured a 3-1 win over the then-first-place Washington Spirit. In their last game of the month, missing 6 starters due to USWNT call-ups, the Thorns played Seattle to a 0-0 draw. Position at the end of May The Thorns began June with a two-game road trip, first holding on for a 1-1 draw with Chicago Red Stars and then prevailing 2-0 over Western New York Flash. Of note, Amandine Henry made her first appearance as a Thorn as a second-half substitute in that game. The Thorns played a crucial match against Chicago Red Stars to determine who would remain in first place. The Thorns prevailed with a 2-0 win with goals from Christine Sinclair and Nadia Nadim with an assist from Amandine Henry, who also started for the first time for the club. Continuing their unbeaten streak (11 games without a loss from the beginning of the season to the end of June), the Thorns traveled to Florida to take on Orlando Pride. The Thorns would win it 2-1, with goals from Dagny Brynjarsdottir and Lindsey Horan. Position at the end of June The Thorns opened July play without 6 starters due to USWNT and CanWNT Olympics preparations for a home game against Sky Blue. Amandine Henry would join the French National Team after the game. The starting lineup included players who previously had seen limited professional minutes or even earning her first start. Sky Blue scored first and the Thorns came back to win 2-1 with goals from Dagn\u00fd and Nadim to extend their season-opening unbeaten streak to 12 games. For their second match for the month, the Thorns took on FC Kansas City at home."], "answer": {"text": "Pure Noise Records.", "answer_start": 64}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Pull the Thorns From Your Heart released?", "answer": {"text": "Pull the Thorns from Your Heart was released on June 30, 2015.", "answer_start": 439, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any singles released from it?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_de982ed2faeb4f1f97cbd3417bde410d_1_q#3", "question": "Who were the touring replacements?", "rewrite": "Who were the touring replacements?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In April 2015, casting began for a Black American family comprising a father, ex-convict John Murphy; his hearing-impaired doctor wife, Erika; and their teenage children Evie, an outgoing athlete, and Michael, a pious Christian. The roles of John, Erika, and Michael are portrayed by Kevin Carroll, Regina King and Jovan Adepo, respectively, all as series regulars. Darius McCrary was cast in a recurring role as Isaac Rayney, John's friend and a palm reader. Steven Williams was cast in a recurring role, playing Virgil, a confidant of Kevin's. Janel Moloney, who had a recurring role in the first season as Mary Jamison, was promoted to a regular cast member in season two. For the third season, it was confirmed in May 2016 that the entire main cast from the second season would return, with the exception of Dowd, and that Scott Glenn and Jasmin Savoy Brown had been promoted to series regulars. Glenn is credited as part of the main cast for the five season 3 episodes in which he appears; Brown ultimately remained as a recurring guest star, appearing in three episodes of the season. Lindsay Duncan joined the cast on December 6, 2016, also as a recurring guest star. Duncan appears in five episodes of the season. Several cast members did not continue in a regular capacity during season 3, but retain main cast credit for the episodes in which they feature. Liv Tyler appears in one scene in the first episode, and returns for one subsequent appearance in episode 7. Ann Dowd also returns to the main cast in episode 7 only. Margaret Qualley appears in the season's first episode only, with one subsequent voice cameo. Regina King appears in episode 2 only, and Janel Moloney features in two episodes.", "This begs the theory that there was no actual naval weaponry developed at this time but rather reliant upon maneuvering tactics and strategy in order to engage with infantry troops. Among the great innovations of naval warfare in the Ancient world there are few that can surpass the Trireme style warship in terms of efficiency, strategy, and over-all effectiveness. The first depiction of this 'longship' style vessel can be found in Homer's \"The Iliad\" as a means of transport of men armed men and supplies to areas of conflict across the seas. These ships were said to have consisted of two separate levels that could have help up to 60 men per level, all operating oars in unison to propel the ship. The upper level of oarsmen would sit in single-file fashion, pulling their oars through what is called a topwale or some sort of oarport; while the men in the lower rows would sit in the ships' hold also rowing through lower oarports. It is also said that each oar throughout the ship would be made in length proportionate to the physique of an average Greek man. Manned crews for these massive warships would have been quite impressive, but accounts vary in actual numbers of men from source to source. Herodotus of Halicarnassus was a Greek historian in the fourth century BC who, through his accounts, said that these Triremes would consist of at least two-hundred men manning all positions. With these massive crews, these ships were able to work at maximum capacity and efficiency in regards to speed, navigation, and transport. While these ships were built for maximum efficiency, there is room for debate about the conditions and space aboard the ship itself. It is estimated that out of the 200 man crew, around 170 of those men would have been oarsmen with respective positions below deck.", "Luo Hongxian Luo Hongxian (; 1504\u20131564) was a Ming dynasty Chinese cartographer. After passing the Imperial Examinations with the rank of \"jinshi\" in 1529, Luo worked as a senior compiler at the Hanlin Academy. He was a student of the philosophies of the Neo-Confucian Wang Yangming. Hearing of raids by wokou pirates on China's south-eastern shores, he began collating cartographical information for the Ming government, spending three years in research. During this period, he discovered the \"Yutu\" (Terrestrial Map), an atlas of China created by Zhu Siben during the Yuan dynasty some 300 years earlier, which he adapted and expanded to create his \"Guang yu tu\" \u5ee3\u8207\u5716 (Enlarged territorial atlas), a work that covered the entire country. It was first published in 1561, and remained the principal reference work in Chinese cartography until the 17th century. Martino Martini, an Italian Jesuit in China, drew his own \"Novus Atlas Sinensis\" (based on the \"Guang yu tu\"), which was published in Amsterdam by Joan Blaeu in 1655. Martini's map remained the standard European view of China until 1737, when Jean Baptiste d'Anville published his \"Atlas de la Chine\". Luo's maps and geographical knowledge were put to use in the defense of the coast, and he was offered several government posts as a result; he declined these offers.", "Repeating rifle A repeating rifle, or repeater for short, is a single-barrel rifle capable of repeated discharges following a single ammunition reload, typically by having multiple cartridges stored in a magazine (within or attached to the gun) and then fed into the chamber by the bolt via either a manual or automatic mechanism, while the act of chambering the rifle typically also recocks the action for the following shot. In common usage, the term \"repeating rifle\" most often refers specifically to manually-operated weapons, as opposed to self-loading rifles, which use the recoil and blowback of the previous shot to cycle the action and load the next round, even though all self-loading firearms are technically a subcategory of repeating firearms. Repeating rifles were a significant advance over the preceding single-shot breechloading rifles when used for military combat, as they allowed a much greater rate of fire. Repeating rifles saw use in the American Civil War during the early 1860s, and the first repeating air rifle to see military service was the Windb\u00fcchse Rifle. While some early long guns were made using the revolver mechanism popular in handguns, these did not have longevity. Even though the revolver mechanism was fine for pistols, it posed a problem with long guns: without special sealing details, the cylinder produces a gas discharge close to the face when the weapon is fired from the shoulder, as was a common approach with rifles. Although most falling-blocks were single-shot actions, some early repeaters used this design, notably the Norwegian Krag\u2013Petersson and the U. S. Spencer rifle. The former loaded from a Henry-style underbarrel magazine; the latter fed from a tubular magazine in the buttstock. In a classic lever-action firearm of the Henry-Winchester type, rounds are individually loaded into a tubular magazine parallel to and below the barrel.", "They concluded that an \"Efferenzkopie\" of the motor command was responsible for this reaction due to the persistence of the reafferent signal and given the consequent discrepancy between expected and actual sensory signals which reinforced the response rather than preventing it. The Nobel Prize winner, Roger Wolcott Sperry argued for the basis of corollary discharges following his research upon the optokinetic reflex. He is also regarded as the originator of the term \"corollary discharge\". Efference copy relates to Coriolis effect in a manner that allows for learning and correction of errors experienced from self-generated Coriolis forces. During trunk rotational movements there is a learned CNS anticipation of Coriolis effects, mediated by generation of an appropriate efference copy that can be compared to re-afferent information. It has been proposed that efference copy has an important role in maintaining gaze stability with active head movement by augmenting the vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR) during dynamic visual acuity testing. Efference copy within an internal model allows us to grip objects in parallel to a given load. In other words, the subject is able to properly grip any load that they are provided because the internal model provides such a good prediction of the object without any delay. Flanagan and Wing tested to see whether an internal model is used to predict movement-dependent loads by observing grip force changes with known loads during arm movements. They found that even when giving subjects different known loads the grip force was able to predict the load force. Even when the load force was suddenly changed the grip force never lagged in the phase relationship with the load force, therefore affirming the fact that there was an internal model in the CNS that was allowing for the proper prediction to occur."], "answer": {"text": "guitarist Matt Smith was absent due to the birth of his first child.", "answer_start": 686}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Pull the Thorns From Your Heart released?", "answer": {"text": "Pull the Thorns from Your Heart was released on June 30, 2015.", "answer_start": 439, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any singles released from it?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who produced it?", "answer": {"text": "Pure Noise Records.", "answer_start": 64, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_de982ed2faeb4f1f97cbd3417bde410d_1_q#4", "question": "Who replaced Matt Smith?", "rewrite": "Who replaced Matt Smith?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Liars Academy Liars Academy was a rock band from Baltimore , Maryland formed in 2000. They have released their material on Equal Vision Records and Goodwill Records. The band has included members/former members of Cross My Heart, Dead Red Sea, Daybreak, and Strike Anywhere. Liars Academy was formed by ex-Cross My Heart guitarist/songwriter Ryan Shelkett and Strike Anywhere guitarist Matt Smith. The duo recruited drum veteran Evan Tanner (Cross My Heart Pee-Tanks, Hidden Hand) to play drums and began playing shows in 2001. Due to Smith's prior commitments to Strike Anywhere, and Liars Academy's busy tour schedule, Matt was unable to be a full-time member of the band. At this point Chris Camden (Former Cross My Heart bassist and Daybreak guitarist) was recruited to play bass on tour. Things came together on that tour and Camden became a full-time member of Liars Academy at this point. Matt Smith, in turn, moved to Lead Guitar and the four-piece line-up took shape for Liars Academy leading to the next phase in their development as a band. Having releasing the album \"No News Is Good News\" in 2001. The band made two records as this line-up, 2002's \"Trading My Life\" EP and 2004's \"Demons\" LP. The band members were dealt a blow when their equipment was stolen, forcing them to cancel the remainder of their tour. A donation from the Music Cares foundation allowed them to start touring again, but they had lost the momentum they had built since the album's release. Matt Smith wasn't able to juggle duties between Liars Academy and Strike Anywhere due to the rise in popularity of the latter band, and Fred Fritz replaced him. Tanner left in the fall of 2004, with Eric Fauver (also formerly of Daybreak) replacing him on drums.", "Alling later told the Chicago Tribune that she \"considered the Biosphere to be in an emergency state... In no way was it sabotage. It was my responsibility.\" About 10% of the biosphere's air was exchanged with the outside during this time, according to systems analyst Donella Meadows, who received a communication from Alling saying that she and Van Thillo judged it their ethical duty to give those inside the choice of continuing with the drastically changed human experiment or leaving, as they didn't know what the crew had been told of the new situation. \u201cOn April 1, 1994, at approximately 10 AM ... limousines arrived on the biosphere site ... with two investment bankers hired by Mr. Bass ... They arrived with a temporary restraining order to take over direct control of the project ... With them were 6-8 police officers hired by the Bass organization ... They immediately changed locks on the offices ... All communication systems were changed (telephone and access codes), and [we] were prevented from receiving any data regarding safety, operations, and research of Biosphere 2.\" Alling emphasized several times in her letter that the \u201cbankers\u201d who suddenly took over \u201cknew nothing technically or scientifically, and little about the biospherian crew.\u201d Four days later, the captain Norberto Alvarez-Romo (by then married to Biosphere 2 chief executive Margaret Augustine) precipitously left the Biosphere for a \"family emergency\" after his wife's suspension. He was replaced by Bernd Zabel, who had been nominated as captain of the first mission but who was replaced at the last minute. Two months later, Matt Smith replaced Matt Finn. The ownership and management company Space Biospheres Ventures was dissolved on June 1, 1994.", "At the 2013 Comic-Con, Matt Smith confirmed that production of the Christmas episode would begin in September, once his work on \"How to Catch a Monster\" was complete. Filming for \"The Time of the Doctor\" began on 8 September. On 10 September, Matt Smith and Jenna Coleman were seen filming on location at Lydstep Flats in Cardiff, which have previously been used in Series 1 and 2 as the Powell Estate where Rose Tyler lived with her mother Jackie. On 19 September 2013, scenes were filmed in the evening at Puzzlewood with fake snow being scattered over certain areas. On 5 October 2013, Doctor Who producer Marcus Wilson revealed via Twitter that filming was complete. The BBC broadcast \" The Day of the Doctor\" in 94 countries simultaneously, to avoid plot leaks. It earned a Guinness World Record for the world's largest ever simulcast of a TV drama. The episode aired in over 100 countries on either 23 or 24 November 2013 in cinemas and on television. \"The Time of the Doctor\" was broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC One on Christmas Day 2013. It was also shown on 25 December in the United States on BBC America, and in Canada on Space. In Australia it aired on 26 December on ABC1, and in New Zealand, it screened on Prime Television during Boxing Day evening with 106,390 viewers. In addition to the 50th anniversary episode featuring Matt Smith and David Tennant, a further special was produced to celebrate \"Doctor Who's\" half-century. \" An Adventure in Space and Time\", written by Mark Gatiss, was a feature-length docudrama detailing the conception and initial production of \"Doctor Who\". It featured David Bradley as William Hartnell and Reece Shearsmith as Patrick Troughton; Matt Smith has a cameo as himself in his Eleventh Doctor costume.", "The game involves players watching clips, bloopers and deleted scenes from the TV series using an interactive DVD, all while attempting to answer questions and keeping ahead of their opponents on the gameboard. Featuring Matt Smith as The Doctor. The game involves players completing a mission to capture a selection of The Doctor's worst enemies, all while keeping themselves safe from the mercy of the Time Vortex and flip-action gameboard. This was the first game to feature Matt Smith as The Doctor. Featuring Matt Smith as The Doctor. The game involves players collecting statuettes of The Doctor's worst enemies, in an attempt to foil their opponent's plans to do the same. This was the first game to feature characters which had not featured with the relevant Doctor (IE Slitheen appeared with Christopher Eccleston, not Matt Smith). Published by MMG, this collectible card game involved players building a deck of cards from their collection and playing that deck against each other. The object of the game was to remove the opponent's six Time cards before they removed yours. This would be accomplished by attacking the other player using cards representing the various Doctors, Assistants and monsters that had appeared in the original 26 series of Doctor Who. Featuring Christopher Eccleston and David Tennant as The Doctor. This fortnightly magazine and trading card game partwork from GE Fabbri lasted over four years, with five sets of cards being released within that time. The first set, \"Exterminator\", featured 275 cards including characters from both the first and second series, as well as the 2005 Christmas special. The second set, \"Annihilator\", included 100 cards featuring characters from the second series and the 2006 Christmas special. The third set, \"Invader\", included 225 cards featuring characters from the third series.", "New Red Archives had already signed the UK Subs, east coast bands Crucial Youth and Kraut, and was looking for a Midwestern band who had both name recognition and had toured. In late 1988, Garrett offered to sign Ultraman to his NRA label and asked the band to record their first album. At this time, Bob Zeulig was replaced by Mike Story. After signing to New Red Archives the band traveled to New York to record their first album. \"Freezing Inside\" was recorded at famed ad agency Saatchi & Saatchi in their 15th floor studio, using the same microphone that was used to record Trix cereal commercials. The album was produced by Tom Lyle of Government Issue in 1989. To promote the album, Ultraman toured the west coast with another St. Louis band, Whoppers Taste Good then the east coast and Canada with UK Subs. In 1990, the band learned they would be touring Europe with Samiam and went into the studio to record a new album in preparation for the tour. During this time, Mike Story was briefly replaced by Pat Hercules for some live shows, but he was eventually replaced by Matt Smith to record the next album and subsequent European tour. The second album, \"Non Existence\" was produced by Nicky Garrett and recorded in San Francisco. During the recording, Ultraman played 924 Gilman Street. After several more U.S. shows, the band headed off to Europe to play Germany, Austria, Yugoslavia, Italy, Switzerland, the Netherlands, France, and England with punk band Samiam. Ultraman decided to call this tour \"European In Your Pants.\" After the tour Ultraman returned to the U.S. to play live shows throughout the country. In February 1991, Rick Ulrich from Whoppers Taste Good replaced Matt Smith."], "answer": {"text": "Bassist Gavin Caswell took over rhythm guitar duties live,", "answer_start": 652}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Pull the Thorns From Your Heart released?", "answer": {"text": "Pull the Thorns from Your Heart was released on June 30, 2015.", "answer_start": 439, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any singles released from it?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who produced it?", "answer": {"text": "Pure Noise Records.", "answer_start": 64, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the touring replacements?", "answer": {"text": "guitarist Matt Smith was absent due to the birth of his first child.", "answer_start": 686, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_de982ed2faeb4f1f97cbd3417bde410d_1_q#5", "question": "Were there other changes to personnel?", "rewrite": "Besides Bassist Gavin Caswell were there other changes to personnel?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["If There Is Light, It Will Find You If There Is Light, It Will Find You is the seventh studio album by American rock band Senses Fail. It charted at number 57 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Bassist Gavin Caswell moved to rhythm guitar, resulting in the inclusion of bassist Jason Millbank. In October and November 2016, the group supported Sum 41 on their headlining US tour. Following the tour's conclusion, the group took some time off to write material for their next record. In March and April 2017, the band went on the Quince A\u00f1os Tour, an outing to celebrate being a band for 15 years. Coinciding with this, the band released the stop-gap \"In Your Absence\" acoustic EP, which was produced by Saosin guitarist Beau Burchell. By this point, the group had six new songs finished; Nielsen said the new material leaned towards the more melodic sound of the group's early days. On June 19, they announced they had begun recording their next album \" If There Is Light, It Will Find You\". Sessions were produced and engineered by Burchell at his studio The Cottage in Los Angeles, California. By July 4, they had three songs done. On August 2, it was revealed that former drummer Dan Trapp would be performing drums on the album, which were tracked at Seahorse Studios in Los Angeles with assistant engineer Blake Bunzel. Burchell mixed the recordings, before they were mastered by Mike Kalajian at Rogue Planet Mastering. \"If There Is Light\" serves as the first Senses Fail album written solely by vocalist Buddy Nielsen. He hadn't done the majority of the song writing until three years prior when he began developing his writing skills. After deciding on the direction, he brought in other people to help sonically enhance the songs, such as Caswell coming up with guitar solos.", "Richard Caswell Richard Caswell (August 3, 1729November 10, 1789) was the first and fifth governor of the U.S. State of North Carolina, serving from 1776 to 1780 and from 1785 to 1787. He was also major general over all North Carolina militia in 1780 and from 1781 to 1783. He was born on August 3, 1729, in Joppa, Maryland, one of the eleven children of Richard Caswell and Christian Dallam Caswell. The younger Richard Caswell departed Maryland for the New Bern area of North Carolina in 1745. He married Mary Mackilwean, the daughter of James and Elinor Mackilwean. They had three children, including a daughter that died at birth in 1753, William Caswell born in 1754, and another daughter born in 1757, who died as an infant. Mary Caswell died from complications of childbirth. The family lived on a plantation home called Red House, which is the site of the Richard Caswell Memorial Park in western Kinston, North Carolina. After Mary's death, Caswell married Sarah Heritage (17401794) on June 20, 1758. Mary was a daughter of William Heritage and Susannah Moore. They had eight children: Richard Caswell born in 1759, Sarah Caswell born in 1762, Winston Caswell born in 1764, Anna Caswell born in 1766, Dallam Caswell born in 1769, John Caswell born in 1772, Susannah Caswell born in 1775, and Christian Caswell born in 1779. While a member of the North Carolina colonial assembly, a post he held for seventeen years, he introduced a bill in 1762 establishing the town of Kingston, which was changed to Kinston, NC after the Revolutionary War. As an officer in the local militia, Caswell fought against the Regulators in the Battle of Alamance in 1771 during the War of the Regulation (1760\u20131771).", "The festival took place on July 16, and also featured performances from The Starting Line, The Get Up Kids, and Quicksand, as well as 2016 Taste of Chaos full tour acts Saosin, Taking Back Sunday, and Dashboard Confessional. The future of the band was left uncertain after it was revealed that guitarists Zack Roach and Matt Smith would no longer be touring with the band, with both choosing to focus on their families after the recent births of their children. Despite almost breaking up, the band took the rest of the summer of 2016 off to regroup. In late 2016, the band supported Sum 41 on their \"Don't Call it a Sum Back\" full United States tour. Bassist Gavin Caswell took over rhythm guitar duties live, with Styliades returning on bass guitar, and Jason Millbank filling the role of lead guitarist.", "In 2014, on their tumblr blog the band announced they signed to Pure Noise Records. Senses Fail would enter the studio in November to start recording their next full-length album which was scheduled to be released in summer 2015. It was later announced that the album would be titled Pull the Thorns from Your Heart. On February 2, 2015, the band released a tease of their split EP on their Facebook. The EP was released on March 3, 2015. Pull the Thorns from Your Heart was released on June 30, 2015. The touring cycle for the record kicked off by playing the entirety of the 2015 Vans Warped Tour. The band then embarked on a winter co-headlining tour with Silverstein. On this tour, guitarist Matt Smith was absent due to the birth of his first child. Greg Styliades, who had previously toured with the band after Zack Roach returned home for the birth of his child, performed with the band on this tour. At this time, the band was classified by AbsolutePunk as screamo and \"alternative\". On May 17, 2016, frontman Buddy Nielsen announced that he had formed a new band called Speak The Truth... Even If Your Voice shakes. The band also includes drummer Alex Pappas and guitarists Alex \"Grizz\" Linares and Daniel Wonacott, all formerly of the band Finch. They released their debut, self-titled 7\" on November 4, 2016 via Bad Timing Records. The release features the songs Crash My Car and Go For The Throat. Senses Fail bassist Gavin Caswell was later recruited to play bass at the outfits first ever live performance. In 2016, the band performed at the recently revived Taste of Chaos festival in San Bernardino, California. After returning as a single day festival in 2015, Taste of Chaos returned as a full United States tour in 2016, culminating in the festival date.", "This line-up cut the album \" Feel My Pain\", released by the fledgling \"Zoom Club\" label. Working titles for the album included \"Spoon Face\" and \"Smack\", both containing references to heroin use. The album had a heavier edge compared to the first two Battlezone albums. The band undertook a sold-out Brazilian tour in January 1998, with erstwhile Killers colleagues bassist Gavin Cooper and guitarist Nick Burr joining on this South American tour. The band toured Brazil in the same year playing a three-week tour to sold-out audiences up to 6000 fans a night. Being brought back down to earth, Battlezone upon their return home put on a gig at the Walthamstow Royal Standard with an audience of only a hundred or so and a gig at JB's Dudley in the West Midlands attracting fewer than a dozen fans. A live track from the Walthamstow gig later appeared on a compilation of all three Battlezone albums, entitled \"Cessation of Hostilities\". Ex- Battlezone bassist Gavin Cooper joined Lionsheart in December 2004, then moved onto Statetrooper in May 2005. The bassist subsequently joined the ranks of Magnum singer Bob Catley's solo band for UK dates in April 2006. In mid-2008, a Battlezone compilation entitled \"The Fight Goes On\" was released as on the Phantom Sound & Vision label as a 3-CD box set featuring all 3 Battlezone studio albums. Last known line-up: Former/past member(s): After being dropped by BMG, Praying Mantis disbanded. Then, in a Spinal Tap-ish twist of fate, Paul Di'Anno called Dennis Stratton in 1989, about the Japanese wanting to have a ten-year anniversary of the new wave of British heavy metal."], "answer": {"text": "Zack Roach returned home for the birth of his child,", "answer_start": 817}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Pull the Thorns From Your Heart released?", "answer": {"text": "Pull the Thorns from Your Heart was released on June 30, 2015.", "answer_start": 439, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any singles released from it?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who produced it?", "answer": {"text": "Pure Noise Records.", "answer_start": 64, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the touring replacements?", "answer": {"text": "guitarist Matt Smith was absent due to the birth of his first child.", "answer_start": 686, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who replaced Matt Smith?", "answer": {"text": "Bassist Gavin Caswell took over rhythm guitar duties live,", "answer_start": 652, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_de982ed2faeb4f1f97cbd3417bde410d_1_q#6", "question": "Who replaced Zack Roach on the tour?", "rewrite": "Who replaced Zack Roach on the tour?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Fire (Senses Fail album) The Fire is the fourth studio album by American post-hardcore band Senses Fail and was released on October 26, 2010 through Vagrant Records. It is the first album since Zach Roach replaced Heath Saraceno on guitar, however Garrett Zablocki recorded all the guitar on the album. It is the last album to feature Zablocki as well, as he left the band in 2011. This album has two tracks that are featured on Senses Fail's greatest hits album \"\". The two tracks are \"The Fire\" and \"New Year's Eve\". \"Life Is Not a Waiting Room\" (2008) was released the week following the 2008 financial market crashing. It subsequently impacted the music industry, affecting the money that bands earned through sales. Vocalist Buddy Nielsen said: \"[Y]ou started to see this dramatic shift of, 'Oh, this is kind of all gonna fall apart.'\" In August 2009, guitarist Heath Saraceno left the band, citing a need to leave the music industry and seek a different career. In January 2010, it was reported that Zack Roach was the group's new guitarist. The band were then enthralled in a legal battle with former guitarist Dave Miller over royalties, which would last for a few years. Recording for their next album took place at Salad Days Studio near Baltimore, Maryland with producer Brian McTernan in June 2010. The band spent eight months up to this point working on their next album, coming up with 17 songs. Discussing the album's title, Nielsen explained that the group when through various rough patches over the previous two years and was representative of how the members were feeling. He said: \"Like we felt like we walked through a tragedy\u2026 or the fire\u2026 and come out on the other side.\"", "In 2014, on their tumblr blog the band announced they signed to Pure Noise Records. Senses Fail would enter the studio in November to start recording their next full-length album which was scheduled to be released in summer 2015. It was later announced that the album would be titled Pull the Thorns from Your Heart. On February 2, 2015, the band released a tease of their split EP on their Facebook. The EP was released on March 3, 2015. Pull the Thorns from Your Heart was released on June 30, 2015. The touring cycle for the record kicked off by playing the entirety of the 2015 Vans Warped Tour. The band then embarked on a winter co-headlining tour with Silverstein. On this tour, guitarist Matt Smith was absent due to the birth of his first child. Greg Styliades, who had previously toured with the band after Zack Roach returned home for the birth of his child, performed with the band on this tour. At this time, the band was classified by AbsolutePunk as screamo and \"alternative\". On May 17, 2016, frontman Buddy Nielsen announced that he had formed a new band called Speak The Truth... Even If Your Voice shakes. The band also includes drummer Alex Pappas and guitarists Alex \"Grizz\" Linares and Daniel Wonacott, all formerly of the band Finch. They released their debut, self-titled 7\" on November 4, 2016 via Bad Timing Records. The release features the songs Crash My Car and Go For The Throat. Senses Fail bassist Gavin Caswell was later recruited to play bass at the outfits first ever live performance. In 2016, the band performed at the recently revived Taste of Chaos festival in San Bernardino, California. After returning as a single day festival in 2015, Taste of Chaos returned as a full United States tour in 2016, culminating in the festival date.", "Zack Shada Zachary David \"Zack\" Shada (born November 25, 1992) is an American actor, producer and director. Shada was born in Boise, Idaho. He appeared as Thin Boy in \"\" (2003), and as Nick Davis in the 2005 television movies \"\", \"Jane Doe: Now You See It, Now You Don't\", \"Jane Doe: Till Death Do Us Part\", and \"Jane Doe: The Wrong Face\". He has appeared in two episodes of \"Lost\", and voiced Slightly in \"Tinker Bell\" and Comet in \"Space Chimps\". Shada has also starred as Dean's best friend, Joey, in Disney series \"Wizards of Waverly Place\". His brothers are actors Josh Shada and Jeremy Shada (who replaced Zack as the voice of Finn the Human on the Cartoon Network series \"Adventure Time\"). Zack Shada indicated his interest in voicing the character Marshall Lee for the next gender-bent episode, but the voice director and Pendleton Ward had already chosen Donald Glover for the role. Notwithstanding, the creators have mentioned that they would like to bring the elder Shada back to the show for a future episode. This never happened. The actor, along with his younger brother, Jeremy, is a member of the pop punk band, Make Out Monday.", "Renacer (Senses Fail album) Renacer (\"Spanish\": \"to be reborn\") is the fifth studio album by American post-hardcore band Senses Fail released on March 26, 2013. It is the first album without founding member and guitarist Garrett Zablocki, Matt Smith (of Strike Anywhere) joined as his replacement. Jason Black, the band's bassist did not participate in the writing/recording of the album due to obligations with Hot Water Music, Zack Roach instead performed bass on the album. It is also the last album to feature long time drummer, Dan Trapp, as he parted ways with the band in late 2014. The album is the first Senses Fail album to explore heavier sounds, such as metalcore, hardcore punk, and sludge metal. In January 2011, founding guitarist Garrett Zablocki left the group and was replaced by Matt Smith of Strike Anywhere. After a UK tour in February and a US tour in March, the group mainly hung out in the following season, occasionally playing shows. During this time, they met up to figure out the new writing process between existing guitarist Zach Roach and the newly-added Smith to see how things would play out, rather than actually writing new material. In February 2012, the band started writing for their next album. In April, vocalist Buddy Nielsen revealed that the group planned to record following their stint on the Warped Tour. They had been writing new material on and off for sometime, and were aiming to continue writing during Warped Tour. In addition, they expected to have a new album out by February or March 2013. While on Warped Tour, the group released a best-of compilation \"\". On their tour bus, they set up a V-drum kit in the back lounge of their tour bus and would take turns jamming with drummer Dan Trapp.", "Eve Gallagher Eve Gallagher is an English singer from Sunderland , County Durham associated with the house music scene. Eve Gallagher first came to prominence in 1990 with the release of her debut single \"Love Come Down\". Released on Boy George's More Protein record label, it was a transatlantic club success featuring remixes from David Morales Her second single was \"Love is a Master of Disguise\", produced and mixed by DMC's Steve Anderson, of Brothers In Rhythm. A third release, \"Heaven Has To Wait\" ensued in early 1992, to be followed by \"Change Your Mind\". A remix of the latter track by Hooj Choons' in-house remix team Diss-Cuss proved to be an underground hit. In 1995 \"Love Come Down\" was released in the US featuring new mixes from Evolution to complement the original David Morales version. The track was subsequently re-issued in the UK on Cleveland City, featuring additional mixes by Cow & Gate and T-Empo. Gallagher's biggest club and chart success arrived in late 1995 with the house and hardbag anthem \"You Can Have It All\". Two distinct versions were featured on the release - the 'Rhyme Time' mix with the Germanic trance variation by Ramp. Following the success of \"Love Come Down 95\" and \"You Can Have It All\", Gallagher's debut album \"Woman Can Have It\" was released in the UK and the US in 1996. Produced by Boy George, Amos Pizzey and Evolution, it featured variations of older singles such as \"Heaven Has To Wait\" and \"Change Your Mind\" as well as newer material. In July 1996 \"Heartbreak\" was released by Mrs Wood featuring Eve Gallagher. The track was playlisted by BBC Radio 1. In 2002 Gallagher also co-wrote and sang the dance hit \"Take It or Leave It\" for DJ Antoine."], "answer": {"text": "Jason Millbank filling the role of lead guitarist.", "answer_start": 756}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Pull the Thorns From Your Heart released?", "answer": {"text": "Pull the Thorns from Your Heart was released on June 30, 2015.", "answer_start": 439, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any singles released from it?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who produced it?", "answer": {"text": "Pure Noise Records.", "answer_start": 64, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the touring replacements?", "answer": {"text": "guitarist Matt Smith was absent due to the birth of his first child.", "answer_start": 686, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who replaced Matt Smith?", "answer": {"text": "Bassist Gavin Caswell took over rhythm guitar duties live,", "answer_start": 652, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there other changes to personnel?", "answer": {"text": "Zack Roach returned home for the birth of his child,", "answer_start": 817, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_de982ed2faeb4f1f97cbd3417bde410d_1_q#7", "question": "What were some of the band's side projects?", "rewrite": "What were some of Senses Fail's side projects?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Family Tradition (Senses Fail song) \" Family Tradition\" is the first single and fourth song on Senses Fail's third studio album \" Life Is Not a Waiting Room\". Family Tradition is the seventh single released from Senses Fail. It has become one of the band's most successful singles to date. It was released on iTunes on August 26, 2008. \" Family Tradition\" was released to radio on October 7, 2008. This song and others off the same album is featured in Senses Fail's greatest hits album entitled \"\"Follow Your Bliss: The Best of Senses Fail\"\". Lead singer Buddy Nielsen discusses the story behind the song: A music video had been filmed for the song displaying a rather scrawny young boy who does not seem to add up to his father's expectations. Constantly harassed by his older brother throughout the video, he enters a chest in his room only to come out in the form of a large gremlin-looking character. The video ends with the transformed son frightening his parents in their sleep. Scenes of the band playing the song in front of an audience in a tent are intercut with the storyline of the video.", "Silverstein & Senses Fail Tour 2015 The Silverstein & Senses Fail Tour 2015 is a concert tour co-headlined by Canadian post-hardcore band Silverstein and American post-hardcore band Senses Fail. The tour supports Silverstein's eighth studio album, \"I Am Alive in Everything I Touch\" and Senses Fail's sixth studio album, \" Pull the Thorns From Your Heart\".", "AllMusic praised the improvement of the album over its predecessor; \"The focus here is more on tense emo rock with a hard pop edge than scream-bloody-murder screamo -- since there is less emphasis on screaming -- yet the music remains wholly Senses Fail.\" \"AbsolutePunk\" writer Drew Beringer commented on the album's improved lyrics and musicianship, and concluding by saying \"\"Still Searching\" is quite the improvement, and while it leaves some to be desired, it shows that Senses Fail are on the right path to fully discovering themselves\". \" Mammothpress.com\" reviewed the album and gave it (7/10), stating \"The band has improved in almost every way. The lyrics are better, the vocals are better, the screaming feels like it has a purpose now and the music sounds like an almost completely different band.\" \"Still Searching\" charted at number 15 on the \"Billboard\" 200 after selling over 49,000 copies in its first week. The songs \"Can't Be Saved\", \"The Priest and the Matador\", \"Shark Attack\", and \"Calling All Cars\" are featured on the band's greatest hits album \"\", released in May 2012. In August of that year, \"Still Searching\" was released on vinyl. In March and April 2017, the group celebrated 15 years as a band with a tour where they played \"Still Searching\" in its entirety. All songs written by Senses Fail, all lyrics written by Buddy Nielsen. Personnel per booklet. Senses Fail Production Citations Sources", "Follow Your Bliss: The Best of Senses Fail Follow Your Bliss: The Best of Senses Fail is a compilation album from the American post-hardcore band Senses Fail, released on June 19, 2012 through Vagrant Records. The album consists of the bands well-known songs and singles from their previous releases \"From the Depths of Dreams\", \"Let It Enfold You\", \"Still Searching\", \"Life Is Not a Waiting Room\", and \"The Fire\". The album also includes four new songs on the second disc. Senses Fail uploaded several videos to their YouTube channel, like \"War Paint\" (from the EP), and reposted videos like \"The Priest and the Matador. \" The band has made several announcements on their Facebook page. Senses Fail has also allowed AbsolutePunk.net to review the EP, and the site said: \"The urgency flowing through 'Early Graves' showcases the band at its best, especially Nielsen, who has really come into his own as a vocalist.\" AbsolutePunk.net gave the EP a 75% (7.5 out of 10) rating.", "Bayonet (band) Bayonet is an American hardcore punk band that formed in 2009. The group features Jeremy Comitas formerly of The Banner, Paul Klein of Suburban Scum, Buddy Nielsen of Senses Fail, and Will Putney of Fit for an Autopsy. Putney is also an established record producer who has engineered albums for Bloodsimple, Suicide Silence and The Human Abstract among others. On July 26, 2011, Bayonet released their self-titled debut EP through Mightier Than Sword Records. The EP was met with generally favorable reviews. Tim Newbound of \"Rock Sound\" gave the release an eight out of ten and commented that the EP features, \"full-on, frenetic, galloping songs that deliver massive tunes through the sheer, infectious force of timeless, glorious hardcore,\" and that it's \"more fun than should feasibly be crammed into 10 minutes. \" Writing for \"Alternative Press\", Jason Schreurs scored the album three out of five stars praising the record's aggression, however he also noted that the EP \"gets a little awkward\" when vocalist Buddy Nielsen sings with his Senses Fail-style melody, and says that he should \"bury his head, let the rage consume him and try to forget about melody altogether. \" Lyrically, the self-titled EP touches on themes of angst and religion. On March 28, 2013, Vocalist Buddy Nielsen hinted the break-up of Bayonet, as stated in a KillYourStereo interview, during the release of Senses Fail's latest album Renacer, that \"...Bayonet is basically done because there is no need to have that outlet as a side project when it\u2019s now pretty much in Senses Fail.\""], "answer": {"text": "Buddy Nielsen announced that he had formed a new band called Speak The Truth... Even If Your Voice shakes.", "answer_start": 1018}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Pull the Thorns From Your Heart released?", "answer": {"text": "Pull the Thorns from Your Heart was released on June 30, 2015.", "answer_start": 439, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any singles released from it?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who produced it?", "answer": {"text": "Pure Noise Records.", "answer_start": 64, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the touring replacements?", "answer": {"text": "guitarist Matt Smith was absent due to the birth of his first child.", "answer_start": 686, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who replaced Matt Smith?", "answer": {"text": "Bassist Gavin Caswell took over rhythm guitar duties live,", "answer_start": 652, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there other changes to personnel?", "answer": {"text": "Zack Roach returned home for the birth of his child,", "answer_start": 817, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who replaced Zack Roach on the tour?", "answer": {"text": "Jason Millbank filling the role of lead guitarist.", "answer_start": 756, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_de982ed2faeb4f1f97cbd3417bde410d_1_q#8", "question": "Did that band make any recordings?", "rewrite": "Did Speak The Truth... Even If Your Voice shakes make any recordings?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Following the tours in support of \"Back to Oblivion\", Finch began working on a follow-up and fourth studio album in mid-2015. However, according to a statement by the rest of the band, Barcalow drew distant from Finch due to creative differences, did not show up to most of the recording sessions for their next album and stopped communicating altogether by January 2016. The band received offers to play festivals throughout 2016 and showed an interest in accepting, but was unable to get a hold of Barcalow. In October 2016, Barcalow privately announced on Instagram that Finch had broken up and posted nine demo songs from the scrapped new album's recording sessions to his personal YouTube account. The following day, the other members of Finch posted a statement from their perspective, claiming that \"[Barcalow] quit again, for the third time in the bands history\" and posted two demos also from scrapped new album's recording sessions to Finch's official YouTube account: \"Monuments\" and \"These Buildings are Burning\". In early 2016, Linares, Pappas, Wonacott formed a new band with Buddy Nielsen of Senses Fail called Speak the Truth... Even If Your Voice Shakes, but mainly referred to as just Speak the Truth. Following their third split, Barcalow went on to form the electronic duo outfit Private Lives. They announced a PledgeMusic campaign to crowdfund their debut album \"No Future\" in May 2017.", "Klaus must choose between being the main man and coming clean to his teammates. 31 \"Sleight of Foot\" When Invincible United's foul play gets them in trouble with the Super League, Vince hires a magician to pull off the ultimate soccer illusion: how to foul and dive without being caught! Supa Strikas are used to Invincible United's dirty tricks, but can they handle their magic tricks? 32 \"Cool Joe Loses His Groove Pt 2 \" When Cool Joe gets signed by a big record label it's a dream come true for the Supa Strikas winger. But soon he gets caught up in show business - losing the groove in both his music and on the soccer field! With Supa Strikas dependent on him for a crucial Iron Tank match, will Cool Joe face the music about his newfound career? 33 \"One Super League Under the Sea\" The Supa Strikas play against Hydra FC. Which have a new technique past every defence team. Coach has his men ready for the coincidence, but North Shaw only cares about his waves. So, he went surfing without having Coach noticing him. Which have been sabotaged by Liquido. Hydra's floating stadium is also sinking down because of the high swell. How will North Shaw get back to the stadium which is underneath him? 34 \"How To Get a Header in the Super League\" Coach sends Shakes for some special training with an eccentric heading coach, nicknamed the Battering Ram! After dodging soccer balls fired from cannons and leaping off cliffs, will Shakes master the training before the big game against Barka? Scrap that... with training like this, will Shakes make it to the game at all? The match is started... 35 \"Suspended Animation\" Ahead of a big Technicali encounter, Shakes reveals his secret... The Zone.", "that is a true black and white copy of El Greco\u2019s Christ at the National Gallery in Prague. Other paintings are open combinations of art inspired by works such as the Baroque self-portrait by Anthony van Dyck with Magritte \u2019s pipe (\"The Vision\", 2016) and/or use allusions borrowed from different classical works to create new and unexpected combinations (\"Allegory of the Internet\", 2017). The painter experiences the world he lives in, but the political events directly influencing his life are commented on with alternative and hidden symbols (\"Brussels\", 2016; \"Brexit\", 2016). The paintings by Martinec are preceded by an associative idea sourcing inspiration from literature or reflection of personal experiences linked to another artwork. References in titles of works are usually associated with philosophy, that of Nietzsche and Wittgenstein in particular, and topics of discussions with his brother (\"The Birth of Tragedies\", 2018). Religious symbols have accompanied him since his youth spent at Broumov in an environment strongly shaped by the Baroque architecture of K. I. Dientzenhofer and they have remained a permanent part of his everyday life. In his works Martinec continues in a traditional European painting style, but presents it in a contemporary context turning towards the viewer today. He uses codes and symbols connecting the past with the present. Some autobiographical details penetrate his paintings in seemingly unrelated connections. One such symbol is a skull he caught a glimpse of as a child in a small village school he visited in Machov (\"Speak the Truth Even When Your Voice Shakes\", 2013). At other times, the painting background reveals a panorama of a city where he spent the first six years of his life (\"Six Years of Tabula Rasa\", 2013-14).", "In 2014, on their tumblr blog the band announced they signed to Pure Noise Records. Senses Fail would enter the studio in November to start recording their next full-length album which was scheduled to be released in summer 2015. It was later announced that the album would be titled Pull the Thorns from Your Heart. On February 2, 2015, the band released a tease of their split EP on their Facebook. The EP was released on March 3, 2015. Pull the Thorns from Your Heart was released on June 30, 2015. The touring cycle for the record kicked off by playing the entirety of the 2015 Vans Warped Tour. The band then embarked on a winter co-headlining tour with Silverstein. On this tour, guitarist Matt Smith was absent due to the birth of his first child. Greg Styliades, who had previously toured with the band after Zack Roach returned home for the birth of his child, performed with the band on this tour. At this time, the band was classified by AbsolutePunk as screamo and \"alternative\". On May 17, 2016, frontman Buddy Nielsen announced that he had formed a new band called Speak The Truth... Even If Your Voice shakes. The band also includes drummer Alex Pappas and guitarists Alex \"Grizz\" Linares and Daniel Wonacott, all formerly of the band Finch. They released their debut, self-titled 7\" on November 4, 2016 via Bad Timing Records. The release features the songs Crash My Car and Go For The Throat. Senses Fail bassist Gavin Caswell was later recruited to play bass at the outfits first ever live performance. In 2016, the band performed at the recently revived Taste of Chaos festival in San Bernardino, California. After returning as a single day festival in 2015, Taste of Chaos returned as a full United States tour in 2016, culminating in the festival date.", "Neotys Neotys develops a software testing tool designed to improve the quality and performance of information systems, its flagship solution, NeoLoad, is the most automated performance testing platform for enterprise organizations continuously testing from APIs to applications. Neotys is a privately owned company. Neotys was founded in 2005 by a group of software developers and IT project managers who recognized demand for a new software solution to test the performance of web applications before launch. Since then, Neotys has delivered software solutions to more than 2000 clients in 70 countries, with exports accounting for more than 75% of the company's annual turnover."], "answer": {"text": "They released their debut, self-titled 7\" on November 4, 2016 via Bad Timing Records.", "answer_start": 1257}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Pull the Thorns From Your Heart released?", "answer": {"text": "Pull the Thorns from Your Heart was released on June 30, 2015.", "answer_start": 439, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any singles released from it?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who produced it?", "answer": {"text": "Pure Noise Records.", "answer_start": 64, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the touring replacements?", "answer": {"text": "guitarist Matt Smith was absent due to the birth of his first child.", "answer_start": 686, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who replaced Matt Smith?", "answer": {"text": "Bassist Gavin Caswell took over rhythm guitar duties live,", "answer_start": 652, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there other changes to personnel?", "answer": {"text": "Zack Roach returned home for the birth of his child,", "answer_start": 817, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who replaced Zack Roach on the tour?", "answer": {"text": "Jason Millbank filling the role of lead guitarist.", "answer_start": 756, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What were some of the band's side projects?", "answer": {"text": "Buddy Nielsen announced that he had formed a new band called Speak The Truth... Even If Your Voice shakes.", "answer_start": 1018, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5bb77dfb6e941aab3c5a256cb85a74f_1_q#0", "question": "What was the band Throwdown doing in 1997?", "rewrite": "What was the band Throwdown doing in 1997?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Venom & Tears Venom & Tears is the fifth studio album by the metal band Throwdown. It was released in 2007 on Trustkill Records. The album was featured in Best Buy's weekly circular prior to its release. The track \"Holy Roller\" was released as a single. The album insert has two holes on the neck of the pictured female in the place of the two fang wounds on the album cover. All lyrics written by Dave Peters and all music composed by Throwdown.", "Throwdown was formed in 1997 by vocalist Keith Barney, who would also be an active member of both Adamantium and Eighteen Visions, guitarists Tommy Love and Javier Van Huss, bassist Dom Macaluso, and drummer Marc Jackson. The group took on the title Throwdown as a \"wry irony on their collective stature,\" at the time no band member being more than 5 feet 8 inches (1.73 m). The band released their debut, self-titled 7-inch single that same year through Prime Directive Records. Van Huss left the band, and was replaced by Brandan Schieppati. After sign a recording contract with Indecision Records, the band released their first studio album Beyond Repair the following year. In 1999, Barney also relinquished his role in Death by Stereo to prioritise Throwdown. Schieppati left the band to concentrate full-time on his other band Bleeding Through, being replaced by Dave Peters. The following year, the new line-up released the Drive Me Dead EP. In 2001, Throwdown released their second studio album, You Don't Have to Be Blood to Be Family. They also recorded a tongue-in-cheek metalcore version of Sir Mix-a-Lot's hit single \"Baby Got Back\" for Radical Records' Too Legit for the Pit: Hardcore Takes the Rap compilation, which also featured Candiria, Stretch Arm Strong, and The Movielife. Allmusic reviewer Rick Anderson gave the album four and a half out of five stars, stating that Throwdown's version for the song was \"absolutely hilarious\". The idea of cover a hip hop song, was a collaboration between Macaluso and Love. Originally they wanted to cover House of Pain's \"Jump Around\". Then the band decided there was too much in the song, as they felt that hip hop songs are hard to cover.", "Dave Peters Dave Peters is an American musician. He was the original guitarist for the band Eighteen Visions, guitarist for the band Throwdown, and, as of 2002, the vocalist for Throwdown. He did guest vocals for the song \"Unleash\" by groove metal band Soulfly, for the song \"Feel as Though You Could\" by Demon Hunter, and the song \"Despair\" for Living Sacrifice. He follows a straight edge lifestyle. Eighteen Visions Throwdown \"As Guitarist\" \" As Vocalist\" Guest Vocals", "Deathless (Throwdown album) Deathless is the sixth studio album by American metal band Throwdown. The album was released on November 10, 2009 in the US through E1 Music, January 22, 2010 through Nuclear Blast Records in Europe, and January 25, 2010 in the UK, also through Nuclear Blast Records. \" Deathless\" is the first album by Throwdown released through E1 (formerly Koch Records) and Nuclear Blast since the band switched from Trustkill Records at the end of 2008. Deathless reached No. 26 on \"Billboard\"'s Independent album on November 28, 2009, and stayed on the chart for one week. Deathless received positive to mixed reviews from critics. Some critics praised Throwdown for changing the sound from their previous hardcore punk sound, other critics did not like their decision to change their sound to a more groove metal sound. Most critics agreed that Throwdown had moved to a more Pantera sounding style. Some, however, even likened the band's new sound to groups such as Godsmack and Mudvayne. All songs written by Dave Peters and Mark Choiniere. Throwdown Production and art", "Vendetta (Throwdown album) Vendetta is the fourth album by the metalcore band Throwdown. This album marks the group's initial shift from hardcore punk to metal. \"Burn,\" was the album's lead single. All lyrics written by Dave Peters, all music composed by Throwdown."], "answer": {"text": "Throwdown was formed in 1997", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e5bb77dfb6e941aab3c5a256cb85a74f_1_q#1", "question": "Who were the original members?", "rewrite": "Who were the original members of Throwdown?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hoedown Throwdown \"Hoedown Throwdown\" is a song performed by American recording artist Miley Cyrus. It was released as a single from the for \"\". It was then released via iTunes Store on March 10, 2009 as a Radio Disney exclusive that had an interview as a B-side. A karaoke version is available in . \" Hoedown Throwdown\" is an instructional dance song with a hybrid of country and hip hop. The choreography was designed by Jamal Sims and incorporates line dance influences. The song received mixed critical reception, but enjoyed commercial success and became a top twenty hit in various nations including Australia, Canada, Ireland, Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States. \" Hoedown Throwdown\" reached its highest international peak in the Irish Singles Chart, at number ten. The single never received an official music video, but an excerpt from \"Hannah Montana: The Movie\" was used for promotion. Cyrus incorporated \"Hoedown Throwdown\" into the set list of her first worldwide concert tour, the Wonder World Tour. \"Hoedown Throwdown\" was created for the 2009 musical film \"Hannah Montana: The Movie\", in which Cyrus stars as a famous pop star sent to reconnect with her Southern roots and family. The film's director, Peter Chelsom, felt the movie needed a big dance-number, similar to the \"Macarena\" (1995) or the \"Funky Chicken\" (1950s). Chelsom knew he wanted a song in which Cyrus' character, Miley Stewart, called dance steps that captured Cyrus' \"real silliness physically\" and her \"great abandon\". In addition, Chelsom wanted the song to represent the two worlds of Stewart, the main theme of the film, by \"combin[ing]", "Disappointed that he will not be joining the Joes, Sean receives a gift of a commando dagger from Snake Eyes before departing. He also receives kisses from Scarlett and Cover Girl, much to Clutch's chagrin. However, the orders turn out to be false, as the C-130 transporting Sean lands at the Pit III instead, and he is indeed assigned to the Joes. Roadblock gives Sean a new code name, Throwdown. Throwdown's first mission with the Joes is to infiltrate a Revanche Robotics facility in the fictional country of Olliestan. However, during this mission, the team including Throwdown runs afoul of the Red Shadows working with Cobra on a giant robot, intended to be the Black Major's ultimate weapon. During the fighting, Throwdown's shirt is torn, revealing an Arashikage tattoo that indicates he has trained with the ninja clan. Meanwhile, the Joes back at the Pit have been attempting to use a revived Serpentor to gain access to secrets in the greater secret underground base to which the Pit was constructed adjacently. Having lost control of Serpentor, he deploys the base's own secret weapon - another giant robot - and sends it to Olliestan, where it destroys the Red Shadows' robot. Throwdown, disguised as a Toxo-Viper, infiltrates the robot controlled by Serpentor, and rides it all the way back to Utah. However, the robot is not shielded against atmospheric reentry, and Sean's helmet catches fire, causing severe burns to his face. As the robot returns to the Pit, Snake Eyes sacrifices himself to put an end to Serpentor. Emerging from the robot, the still-smoldering Throwdown puts on Snake Eyes' discarded mask.", "Miley Stewart\u2019s L.A. hip-hop/pop style with her country roots\". Because the song is an instructional dance song, it became an ongoing collaboration between Chelsom, choreographer Jamal Sims, Cyrus, and the song's songwriters, Adam Anders and Nikki Hasman. According to Chelsom, the collaborators referred to the song by the working title \"The Project\" \"for the longest time\" before naming it the \"Hoedown Throwdown\". The song was also nick-named \"Miley's Macarena\". \" Hoedown Throwdown\" was first released as a promotional single from on March 10, 2009. \"Hoedown Throwdown\" merges from a hybrid of country and hip hop. It is set in common time with a moderate tempo of 104 beats per minute. \" Hoedown Throwdown\" is written in the key of E\u266d major. Cyrus' vocals span two octaves, from B\u266d to F. The song begins with an intro in which Cyrus repeats \"Boom Boom clap, boom di-clap di-clap\" four times. This line is reused in the song's outro. Allmusic described the song as a tribute to \"down-home family times\". Cyrus stated \"Hoedown Throwdown\" was one of those on the film's soundtrack that \"is all about\" her Nashville roots and \"the reason why [she is who she is].\" The dance for \"Hoedown Throwdown\" is heavily influenced by line dancing and merges some hip-hop. A video starring Cyrus and \"\"s choreographer Jamal Simms entitled \"How to Do the Hoedown Throwdown\", premiered on Disney Channel on February 20, 2009. The video features Cyrus and Simms, accompanied by several back-up dancers, in a pink room and sporting workout attire.", "Throwdown was formed in 1997 by vocalist Keith Barney, who would also be an active member of both Adamantium and Eighteen Visions, guitarists Tommy Love and Javier Van Huss, bassist Dom Macaluso, and drummer Marc Jackson. The group took on the title Throwdown as a \"wry irony on their collective stature,\" at the time no band member being more than 5 feet 8 inches (1.73 m). The band released their debut, self-titled 7-inch single that same year through Prime Directive Records. Van Huss left the band, and was replaced by Brandan Schieppati. After sign a recording contract with Indecision Records, the band released their first studio album Beyond Repair the following year. In 1999, Barney also relinquished his role in Death by Stereo to prioritise Throwdown. Schieppati left the band to concentrate full-time on his other band Bleeding Through, being replaced by Dave Peters. The following year, the new line-up released the Drive Me Dead EP. In 2001, Throwdown released their second studio album, You Don't Have to Be Blood to Be Family. They also recorded a tongue-in-cheek metalcore version of Sir Mix-a-Lot's hit single \"Baby Got Back\" for Radical Records' Too Legit for the Pit: Hardcore Takes the Rap compilation, which also featured Candiria, Stretch Arm Strong, and The Movielife. Allmusic reviewer Rick Anderson gave the album four and a half out of five stars, stating that Throwdown's version for the song was \"absolutely hilarious\". The idea of cover a hip hop song, was a collaboration between Macaluso and Love. Originally they wanted to cover House of Pain's \"Jump Around\". Then the band decided there was too much in the song, as they felt that hip hop songs are hard to cover.", "Deathless (Throwdown album) Deathless is the sixth studio album by American metal band Throwdown. The album was released on November 10, 2009 in the US through E1 Music, January 22, 2010 through Nuclear Blast Records in Europe, and January 25, 2010 in the UK, also through Nuclear Blast Records. \" Deathless\" is the first album by Throwdown released through E1 (formerly Koch Records) and Nuclear Blast since the band switched from Trustkill Records at the end of 2008. Deathless reached No. 26 on \"Billboard\"'s Independent album on November 28, 2009, and stayed on the chart for one week. Deathless received positive to mixed reviews from critics. Some critics praised Throwdown for changing the sound from their previous hardcore punk sound, other critics did not like their decision to change their sound to a more groove metal sound. Most critics agreed that Throwdown had moved to a more Pantera sounding style. Some, however, even likened the band's new sound to groups such as Godsmack and Mudvayne. All songs written by Dave Peters and Mark Choiniere. Throwdown Production and art"], "answer": {"text": "Visions, guitarists Tommy Love and Javier Van Huss, bassist Dom Macaluso, and drummer Marc Jackson.", "answer_start": 122}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the band Throwdown doing in 1997?", "answer": {"text": "Throwdown was formed in 1997", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5bb77dfb6e941aab3c5a256cb85a74f_1_q#2", "question": "Where were some of their first gigs?", "rewrite": "Where were some of Throwdown's first gigs?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Deathless (Throwdown album) Deathless is the sixth studio album by American metal band Throwdown. The album was released on November 10, 2009 in the US through E1 Music, January 22, 2010 through Nuclear Blast Records in Europe, and January 25, 2010 in the UK, also through Nuclear Blast Records. \" Deathless\" is the first album by Throwdown released through E1 (formerly Koch Records) and Nuclear Blast since the band switched from Trustkill Records at the end of 2008. Deathless reached No. 26 on \"Billboard\"'s Independent album on November 28, 2009, and stayed on the chart for one week. Deathless received positive to mixed reviews from critics. Some critics praised Throwdown for changing the sound from their previous hardcore punk sound, other critics did not like their decision to change their sound to a more groove metal sound. Most critics agreed that Throwdown had moved to a more Pantera sounding style. Some, however, even likened the band's new sound to groups such as Godsmack and Mudvayne. All songs written by Dave Peters and Mark Choiniere. Throwdown Production and art", "Disappointed that he will not be joining the Joes, Sean receives a gift of a commando dagger from Snake Eyes before departing. He also receives kisses from Scarlett and Cover Girl, much to Clutch's chagrin. However, the orders turn out to be false, as the C-130 transporting Sean lands at the Pit III instead, and he is indeed assigned to the Joes. Roadblock gives Sean a new code name, Throwdown. Throwdown's first mission with the Joes is to infiltrate a Revanche Robotics facility in the fictional country of Olliestan. However, during this mission, the team including Throwdown runs afoul of the Red Shadows working with Cobra on a giant robot, intended to be the Black Major's ultimate weapon. During the fighting, Throwdown's shirt is torn, revealing an Arashikage tattoo that indicates he has trained with the ninja clan. Meanwhile, the Joes back at the Pit have been attempting to use a revived Serpentor to gain access to secrets in the greater secret underground base to which the Pit was constructed adjacently. Having lost control of Serpentor, he deploys the base's own secret weapon - another giant robot - and sends it to Olliestan, where it destroys the Red Shadows' robot. Throwdown, disguised as a Toxo-Viper, infiltrates the robot controlled by Serpentor, and rides it all the way back to Utah. However, the robot is not shielded against atmospheric reentry, and Sean's helmet catches fire, causing severe burns to his face. As the robot returns to the Pit, Snake Eyes sacrifices himself to put an end to Serpentor. Emerging from the robot, the still-smoldering Throwdown puts on Snake Eyes' discarded mask.", "Throwdown was formed in 1997 by vocalist Keith Barney, who would also be an active member of both Adamantium and Eighteen Visions, guitarists Tommy Love and Javier Van Huss, bassist Dom Macaluso, and drummer Marc Jackson. The group took on the title Throwdown as a \"wry irony on their collective stature,\" at the time no band member being more than 5 feet 8 inches (1.73 m). The band released their debut, self-titled 7-inch single that same year through Prime Directive Records. Van Huss left the band, and was replaced by Brandan Schieppati. After sign a recording contract with Indecision Records, the band released their first studio album Beyond Repair the following year. In 1999, Barney also relinquished his role in Death by Stereo to prioritise Throwdown. Schieppati left the band to concentrate full-time on his other band Bleeding Through, being replaced by Dave Peters. The following year, the new line-up released the Drive Me Dead EP. In 2001, Throwdown released their second studio album, You Don't Have to Be Blood to Be Family. They also recorded a tongue-in-cheek metalcore version of Sir Mix-a-Lot's hit single \"Baby Got Back\" for Radical Records' Too Legit for the Pit: Hardcore Takes the Rap compilation, which also featured Candiria, Stretch Arm Strong, and The Movielife. Allmusic reviewer Rick Anderson gave the album four and a half out of five stars, stating that Throwdown's version for the song was \"absolutely hilarious\". The idea of cover a hip hop song, was a collaboration between Macaluso and Love. Originally they wanted to cover House of Pain's \"Jump Around\". Then the band decided there was too much in the song, as they felt that hip hop songs are hard to cover.", "Miley Stewart\u2019s L.A. hip-hop/pop style with her country roots\". Because the song is an instructional dance song, it became an ongoing collaboration between Chelsom, choreographer Jamal Sims, Cyrus, and the song's songwriters, Adam Anders and Nikki Hasman. According to Chelsom, the collaborators referred to the song by the working title \"The Project\" \"for the longest time\" before naming it the \"Hoedown Throwdown\". The song was also nick-named \"Miley's Macarena\". \" Hoedown Throwdown\" was first released as a promotional single from on March 10, 2009. \"Hoedown Throwdown\" merges from a hybrid of country and hip hop. It is set in common time with a moderate tempo of 104 beats per minute. \" Hoedown Throwdown\" is written in the key of E\u266d major. Cyrus' vocals span two octaves, from B\u266d to F. The song begins with an intro in which Cyrus repeats \"Boom Boom clap, boom di-clap di-clap\" four times. This line is reused in the song's outro. Allmusic described the song as a tribute to \"down-home family times\". Cyrus stated \"Hoedown Throwdown\" was one of those on the film's soundtrack that \"is all about\" her Nashville roots and \"the reason why [she is who she is].\" The dance for \"Hoedown Throwdown\" is heavily influenced by line dancing and merges some hip-hop. A video starring Cyrus and \"\"s choreographer Jamal Simms entitled \"How to Do the Hoedown Throwdown\", premiered on Disney Channel on February 20, 2009. The video features Cyrus and Simms, accompanied by several back-up dancers, in a pink room and sporting workout attire.", "Hoedown Throwdown \"Hoedown Throwdown\" is a song performed by American recording artist Miley Cyrus. It was released as a single from the for \"\". It was then released via iTunes Store on March 10, 2009 as a Radio Disney exclusive that had an interview as a B-side. A karaoke version is available in . \" Hoedown Throwdown\" is an instructional dance song with a hybrid of country and hip hop. The choreography was designed by Jamal Sims and incorporates line dance influences. The song received mixed critical reception, but enjoyed commercial success and became a top twenty hit in various nations including Australia, Canada, Ireland, Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States. \" Hoedown Throwdown\" reached its highest international peak in the Irish Singles Chart, at number ten. The single never received an official music video, but an excerpt from \"Hannah Montana: The Movie\" was used for promotion. Cyrus incorporated \"Hoedown Throwdown\" into the set list of her first worldwide concert tour, the Wonder World Tour. \"Hoedown Throwdown\" was created for the 2009 musical film \"Hannah Montana: The Movie\", in which Cyrus stars as a famous pop star sent to reconnect with her Southern roots and family. The film's director, Peter Chelsom, felt the movie needed a big dance-number, similar to the \"Macarena\" (1995) or the \"Funky Chicken\" (1950s). Chelsom knew he wanted a song in which Cyrus' character, Miley Stewart, called dance steps that captured Cyrus' \"real silliness physically\" and her \"great abandon\". In addition, Chelsom wanted the song to represent the two worlds of Stewart, the main theme of the film, by \"combin[ing]"], "answer": {"text": "The band released their debut, self-titled 7-inch single that same year through Prime Directive Records.", "answer_start": 375}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the band Throwdown doing in 1997?", "answer": {"text": "Throwdown was formed in 1997", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the original members?", "answer": {"text": "Visions, guitarists Tommy Love and Javier Van Huss, bassist Dom Macaluso, and drummer Marc Jackson.", "answer_start": 122, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5bb77dfb6e941aab3c5a256cb85a74f_1_q#3", "question": "Did they have an personnel changes over those first years?", "rewrite": "Did Throwdown have an personnel changes over the first years?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Throwdown was formed in 1997 by vocalist Keith Barney, who would also be an active member of both Adamantium and Eighteen Visions, guitarists Tommy Love and Javier Van Huss, bassist Dom Macaluso, and drummer Marc Jackson. The group took on the title Throwdown as a \"wry irony on their collective stature,\" at the time no band member being more than 5 feet 8 inches (1.73 m). The band released their debut, self-titled 7-inch single that same year through Prime Directive Records. Van Huss left the band, and was replaced by Brandan Schieppati. After sign a recording contract with Indecision Records, the band released their first studio album Beyond Repair the following year. In 1999, Barney also relinquished his role in Death by Stereo to prioritise Throwdown. Schieppati left the band to concentrate full-time on his other band Bleeding Through, being replaced by Dave Peters. The following year, the new line-up released the Drive Me Dead EP. In 2001, Throwdown released their second studio album, You Don't Have to Be Blood to Be Family. They also recorded a tongue-in-cheek metalcore version of Sir Mix-a-Lot's hit single \"Baby Got Back\" for Radical Records' Too Legit for the Pit: Hardcore Takes the Rap compilation, which also featured Candiria, Stretch Arm Strong, and The Movielife. Allmusic reviewer Rick Anderson gave the album four and a half out of five stars, stating that Throwdown's version for the song was \"absolutely hilarious\". The idea of cover a hip hop song, was a collaboration between Macaluso and Love. Originally they wanted to cover House of Pain's \"Jump Around\". Then the band decided there was too much in the song, as they felt that hip hop songs are hard to cover.", "Deathless (Throwdown album) Deathless is the sixth studio album by American metal band Throwdown. The album was released on November 10, 2009 in the US through E1 Music, January 22, 2010 through Nuclear Blast Records in Europe, and January 25, 2010 in the UK, also through Nuclear Blast Records. \" Deathless\" is the first album by Throwdown released through E1 (formerly Koch Records) and Nuclear Blast since the band switched from Trustkill Records at the end of 2008. Deathless reached No. 26 on \"Billboard\"'s Independent album on November 28, 2009, and stayed on the chart for one week. Deathless received positive to mixed reviews from critics. Some critics praised Throwdown for changing the sound from their previous hardcore punk sound, other critics did not like their decision to change their sound to a more groove metal sound. Most critics agreed that Throwdown had moved to a more Pantera sounding style. Some, however, even likened the band's new sound to groups such as Godsmack and Mudvayne. All songs written by Dave Peters and Mark Choiniere. Throwdown Production and art", "Disappointed that he will not be joining the Joes, Sean receives a gift of a commando dagger from Snake Eyes before departing. He also receives kisses from Scarlett and Cover Girl, much to Clutch's chagrin. However, the orders turn out to be false, as the C-130 transporting Sean lands at the Pit III instead, and he is indeed assigned to the Joes. Roadblock gives Sean a new code name, Throwdown. Throwdown's first mission with the Joes is to infiltrate a Revanche Robotics facility in the fictional country of Olliestan. However, during this mission, the team including Throwdown runs afoul of the Red Shadows working with Cobra on a giant robot, intended to be the Black Major's ultimate weapon. During the fighting, Throwdown's shirt is torn, revealing an Arashikage tattoo that indicates he has trained with the ninja clan. Meanwhile, the Joes back at the Pit have been attempting to use a revived Serpentor to gain access to secrets in the greater secret underground base to which the Pit was constructed adjacently. Having lost control of Serpentor, he deploys the base's own secret weapon - another giant robot - and sends it to Olliestan, where it destroys the Red Shadows' robot. Throwdown, disguised as a Toxo-Viper, infiltrates the robot controlled by Serpentor, and rides it all the way back to Utah. However, the robot is not shielded against atmospheric reentry, and Sean's helmet catches fire, causing severe burns to his face. As the robot returns to the Pit, Snake Eyes sacrifices himself to put an end to Serpentor. Emerging from the robot, the still-smoldering Throwdown puts on Snake Eyes' discarded mask.", "Miley Stewart\u2019s L.A. hip-hop/pop style with her country roots\". Because the song is an instructional dance song, it became an ongoing collaboration between Chelsom, choreographer Jamal Sims, Cyrus, and the song's songwriters, Adam Anders and Nikki Hasman. According to Chelsom, the collaborators referred to the song by the working title \"The Project\" \"for the longest time\" before naming it the \"Hoedown Throwdown\". The song was also nick-named \"Miley's Macarena\". \" Hoedown Throwdown\" was first released as a promotional single from on March 10, 2009. \"Hoedown Throwdown\" merges from a hybrid of country and hip hop. It is set in common time with a moderate tempo of 104 beats per minute. \" Hoedown Throwdown\" is written in the key of E\u266d major. Cyrus' vocals span two octaves, from B\u266d to F. The song begins with an intro in which Cyrus repeats \"Boom Boom clap, boom di-clap di-clap\" four times. This line is reused in the song's outro. Allmusic described the song as a tribute to \"down-home family times\". Cyrus stated \"Hoedown Throwdown\" was one of those on the film's soundtrack that \"is all about\" her Nashville roots and \"the reason why [she is who she is].\" The dance for \"Hoedown Throwdown\" is heavily influenced by line dancing and merges some hip-hop. A video starring Cyrus and \"\"s choreographer Jamal Simms entitled \"How to Do the Hoedown Throwdown\", premiered on Disney Channel on February 20, 2009. The video features Cyrus and Simms, accompanied by several back-up dancers, in a pink room and sporting workout attire.", "Hoedown Throwdown \"Hoedown Throwdown\" is a song performed by American recording artist Miley Cyrus. It was released as a single from the for \"\". It was then released via iTunes Store on March 10, 2009 as a Radio Disney exclusive that had an interview as a B-side. A karaoke version is available in . \" Hoedown Throwdown\" is an instructional dance song with a hybrid of country and hip hop. The choreography was designed by Jamal Sims and incorporates line dance influences. The song received mixed critical reception, but enjoyed commercial success and became a top twenty hit in various nations including Australia, Canada, Ireland, Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States. \" Hoedown Throwdown\" reached its highest international peak in the Irish Singles Chart, at number ten. The single never received an official music video, but an excerpt from \"Hannah Montana: The Movie\" was used for promotion. Cyrus incorporated \"Hoedown Throwdown\" into the set list of her first worldwide concert tour, the Wonder World Tour. \"Hoedown Throwdown\" was created for the 2009 musical film \"Hannah Montana: The Movie\", in which Cyrus stars as a famous pop star sent to reconnect with her Southern roots and family. The film's director, Peter Chelsom, felt the movie needed a big dance-number, similar to the \"Macarena\" (1995) or the \"Funky Chicken\" (1950s). Chelsom knew he wanted a song in which Cyrus' character, Miley Stewart, called dance steps that captured Cyrus' \"real silliness physically\" and her \"great abandon\". In addition, Chelsom wanted the song to represent the two worlds of Stewart, the main theme of the film, by \"combin[ing]"], "answer": {"text": "Van Huss left the band, and was replaced by Brandan Schieppati.", "answer_start": 480}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the band Throwdown doing in 1997?", "answer": {"text": "Throwdown was formed in 1997", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the original members?", "answer": {"text": "Visions, guitarists Tommy Love and Javier Van Huss, bassist Dom Macaluso, and drummer Marc Jackson.", "answer_start": 122, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where were some of their first gigs?", "answer": {"text": "The band released their debut, self-titled 7-inch single that same year through Prime Directive Records.", "answer_start": 375, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5bb77dfb6e941aab3c5a256cb85a74f_1_q#4", "question": "Were those the only changes in this first years?", "rewrite": "Was Van Huss being replaced by Brandan Schieppati, the only changes in Throwdown during the first years?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Bleeding Through was formed in 1999 in Woodlake, California. The band's roots can be traced back to 1998, when Breakneck was founded by Brandan \"Ohrly\" Schieppati (Eighteen Visions / Throwdown), Javier Van Huss (Eighteen Visions / The Mistake / Enewetak), guitarist Scott Danough, bass guitarist Chad Tafolla and drummer Troy Born (Taken). They made their live debut as the supporting act to Throwdown and Adamantium. As the band witnessed lineup changes, the departure of Van Huss and subsequent recruitment of Marc Jackson (Throwdown / Cold War) to cover bass whilst Tafolla reverted to guitar, they decided to expand their current hardcore sound and added elements of death metal to their music. The origin of the band's name was explained in an interview as follows: \"Well, it is summed up by the explanation that whether black, white, red, brown, yellow, religious preference, straight or gay, we all bleed the same, and we bleed through this life the same. Thus Bleeding Through.\" Their 2000's demo was followed by a full-length album released through Prime Directive Records entitled Dust to Ashes in April 2001. Just prior to entering the studio, Vijay Kumar (of Roundhouse and Cat Burglar) took the bass position and Molly Street enrolled as keyboard player. The addition of keyboards was an unconventional move for a metalcore act as it brought some black metal influences into the music. Just as the album saw issue Born quit the band but a quickfire substitute was located in Derek Youngsma of Cast in Stone repute. Severing ties with both Eighteen Visions and Throwdown, Schieppati opted to pursue Bleeding Through as a priority upon completion of the Indecision Records 2002 offering Portrait of the Goddess.", "Brandan Schieppati Brandan Schieppati (born August 3, 1980) is the singer of metalcore band Bleeding Through and a former guitarist/songwriter of the fellow Orange County metalcore band Eighteen Visions, for which he played from 1997 to 2002. He is also a bodybuilder, personal trainer and \"Rise Above Fitness\" gym owner. He was strictly straight edge from an early age until his late twenties. Brandan has been in Eighteen Visions, Throwdown, Bleeding Through, The Mistake and Die Die My Darling, a Misfits cover band from which nothing has been released. He has recently formed a new band along with Brooks Wackerman of Bad Religion, Ryan Sinn formerly of The Distillers and Dave Nassie of No Use for a Name called The Innocent. Brandan is also the vocalist for a side project called \"Suffer Well\" with Mick Kenney (Anaal Nathrakh) and Trevor Friedrich (Combichrist, ex-18 Visions), on drums. In June 2002, Brandan's jaw was broken in a fight after a show. He went through surgery the next day. Though this resulted in Bleeding Through canceling their tour in support of Portrait of the Goddess, he recovered quickly enough to play at Hellfest 2002. He contributed guest vocals on the track \"The Architects of Repulsion\" on Australian deathcore band The Red Shore's debut album Unconsecrated. Also on AFI's \"Decemberunderground\" (2006) and Tiger Army's Music From Regions Beyond as backing vocals. Also performing guest vocals on the track \"Widowmaker\" on Psyclon Nine's album \" We The Fallen\". He also has featured in The band Miss May I's new album Monument, on a bonus iTunes track from pre-orders. Schieppati was also featured in the song", "Kill to Believe \"Kill to Believe\" is a single by Orange County metalcore band Bleeding Through released in 2006 by Trustkill Records. It is the first from their 2006 album The Truth. Bassist Ryan Wombacher has stated that this is his favorite song off the album because \"it shows both sides of... we're still sticking with what we sound like but I think that's the song that it's gonna kind of tell what BT is gonna come to be in the next five more years. Yeah, it's a little more mainstream but we still have the heavy parts and the more metal parts. And then, Brandan gets to show more of his singing vocals which he\u2019s gotten a lot better at I think personally in the last three years.\" A music video was shot for the song, directed by Zach Merck and Kevin Leonard and filmed in the California desert. It is part one of a two-part, story-based video, the second part being the music video for \"Love in Slow Motion\". As frontman Brandan Schieppati said, it is \"a sort of Texas Chainsaw Massacre meets The Devil's Rejects\", interlaced with performance footage of the band. The video opens with two sinister backwoods brothers driving in the California desert, talking about what to do with the box that lies in the back of their flat truck. They finally decide to sink it to the bottom of the river. Then a flashback shows vocalist Brandan Schieppati and his on-screen bride, actress Susannah Mills, breaking down in front of a diner that includes patrons chained to their tables. Keyboardist Marta Peterson plays a knife-wielding psychotic waitress, and her two brothers, the ones seen at the beginning of the video, are also there. Brandan is then overpowered by the backwoods sadists.", "Love in Slow Motion \"Love in Slow Motion\" is the second single by American metalcore band, Bleeding Through, from their 2006 album, The Truth. The music video shot for the song was directed by Zach Merck and Kevin Leonard and filmed in the California desert. It is the sequel to the band's previous video \"Kill to Believe\". In a similar way to the first part, \"Love in Slow Motion\" also shows the band performing while the story evolves. In frontman Brandan Schieppati's words it is \"a sort of Texas Chainsaw Massacre meets The Devil's Rejects\". The video takes place in the lair of the backwoods brothers who kidnapped the girlfriend (or bride) of the hero (vocalist Brandan Schieppati) in the first part. The original actress, played by actress Susannah Mills in the prequel video Kill to Believe, is played by a different actress, who wakes from unconsciousness and then tries to escape from the house she was taken to but she doesn't succeed. She is dragged to the brothers' torture chamber where they strap her to a wheelchair. Just as they are to begin the torturing a third man and the psychotic waitress (keyboardist Marta Peterson) with a dog steps in. Moments later a fourth man arrives. After that Schieppati comes in with a baseball bat (probably a continuity mistake as at the end of the first part he was holding a tire jack) to save the girl. They finally escape, they're shown running out of the house together and a few seconds later the waitress (whom Schieppati didn't hurt at all) and another villain step out with a sinister look on their face. With this video Merck and Leonard was trying to top the first one. \"", "Throwdown was formed in 1997 by vocalist Keith Barney, who would also be an active member of both Adamantium and Eighteen Visions, guitarists Tommy Love and Javier Van Huss, bassist Dom Macaluso, and drummer Marc Jackson. The group took on the title Throwdown as a \"wry irony on their collective stature,\" at the time no band member being more than 5 feet 8 inches (1.73 m). The band released their debut, self-titled 7-inch single that same year through Prime Directive Records. Van Huss left the band, and was replaced by Brandan Schieppati. After sign a recording contract with Indecision Records, the band released their first studio album Beyond Repair the following year. In 1999, Barney also relinquished his role in Death by Stereo to prioritise Throwdown. Schieppati left the band to concentrate full-time on his other band Bleeding Through, being replaced by Dave Peters. The following year, the new line-up released the Drive Me Dead EP. In 2001, Throwdown released their second studio album, You Don't Have to Be Blood to Be Family. They also recorded a tongue-in-cheek metalcore version of Sir Mix-a-Lot's hit single \"Baby Got Back\" for Radical Records' Too Legit for the Pit: Hardcore Takes the Rap compilation, which also featured Candiria, Stretch Arm Strong, and The Movielife. Allmusic reviewer Rick Anderson gave the album four and a half out of five stars, stating that Throwdown's version for the song was \"absolutely hilarious\". The idea of cover a hip hop song, was a collaboration between Macaluso and Love. Originally they wanted to cover House of Pain's \"Jump Around\". Then the band decided there was too much in the song, as they felt that hip hop songs are hard to cover."], "answer": {"text": "Schieppati left the band to concentrate full-time on his other band Bleeding Through, being replaced by Dave Peters.", "answer_start": 765}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was the band Throwdown doing in 1997?", "answer": {"text": "Throwdown was formed in 1997", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the original members?", "answer": {"text": "Visions, guitarists Tommy Love and Javier Van Huss, bassist Dom Macaluso, and drummer Marc Jackson.", "answer_start": 122, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where were some of their first gigs?", "answer": {"text": "The band released their debut, self-titled 7-inch single that same year through Prime Directive Records.", "answer_start": 375, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have an personnel changes over those first years?", "answer": {"text": "Van Huss left the band, and was replaced by Brandan Schieppati.", "answer_start": 480, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5bb77dfb6e941aab3c5a256cb85a74f_1_q#6", "question": "Did the band get a recording contract in those early years?", "rewrite": "Did Throwdown get a recording contract in the early years?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Throwdown was formed in 1997 by vocalist Keith Barney, who would also be an active member of both Adamantium and Eighteen Visions, guitarists Tommy Love and Javier Van Huss, bassist Dom Macaluso, and drummer Marc Jackson. The group took on the title Throwdown as a \"wry irony on their collective stature,\" at the time no band member being more than 5 feet 8 inches (1.73 m). The band released their debut, self-titled 7-inch single that same year through Prime Directive Records. Van Huss left the band, and was replaced by Brandan Schieppati. After sign a recording contract with Indecision Records, the band released their first studio album Beyond Repair the following year. In 1999, Barney also relinquished his role in Death by Stereo to prioritise Throwdown. Schieppati left the band to concentrate full-time on his other band Bleeding Through, being replaced by Dave Peters. The following year, the new line-up released the Drive Me Dead EP. In 2001, Throwdown released their second studio album, You Don't Have to Be Blood to Be Family. They also recorded a tongue-in-cheek metalcore version of Sir Mix-a-Lot's hit single \"Baby Got Back\" for Radical Records' Too Legit for the Pit: Hardcore Takes the Rap compilation, which also featured Candiria, Stretch Arm Strong, and The Movielife. Allmusic reviewer Rick Anderson gave the album four and a half out of five stars, stating that Throwdown's version for the song was \"absolutely hilarious\". The idea of cover a hip hop song, was a collaboration between Macaluso and Love. Originally they wanted to cover House of Pain's \"Jump Around\". Then the band decided there was too much in the song, as they felt that hip hop songs are hard to cover.", "Deathless (Throwdown album) Deathless is the sixth studio album by American metal band Throwdown. The album was released on November 10, 2009 in the US through E1 Music, January 22, 2010 through Nuclear Blast Records in Europe, and January 25, 2010 in the UK, also through Nuclear Blast Records. \" Deathless\" is the first album by Throwdown released through E1 (formerly Koch Records) and Nuclear Blast since the band switched from Trustkill Records at the end of 2008. Deathless reached No. 26 on \"Billboard\"'s Independent album on November 28, 2009, and stayed on the chart for one week. Deathless received positive to mixed reviews from critics. Some critics praised Throwdown for changing the sound from their previous hardcore punk sound, other critics did not like their decision to change their sound to a more groove metal sound. Most critics agreed that Throwdown had moved to a more Pantera sounding style. Some, however, even likened the band's new sound to groups such as Godsmack and Mudvayne. All songs written by Dave Peters and Mark Choiniere. Throwdown Production and art", "Disappointed that he will not be joining the Joes, Sean receives a gift of a commando dagger from Snake Eyes before departing. He also receives kisses from Scarlett and Cover Girl, much to Clutch's chagrin. However, the orders turn out to be false, as the C-130 transporting Sean lands at the Pit III instead, and he is indeed assigned to the Joes. Roadblock gives Sean a new code name, Throwdown. Throwdown's first mission with the Joes is to infiltrate a Revanche Robotics facility in the fictional country of Olliestan. However, during this mission, the team including Throwdown runs afoul of the Red Shadows working with Cobra on a giant robot, intended to be the Black Major's ultimate weapon. During the fighting, Throwdown's shirt is torn, revealing an Arashikage tattoo that indicates he has trained with the ninja clan. Meanwhile, the Joes back at the Pit have been attempting to use a revived Serpentor to gain access to secrets in the greater secret underground base to which the Pit was constructed adjacently. Having lost control of Serpentor, he deploys the base's own secret weapon - another giant robot - and sends it to Olliestan, where it destroys the Red Shadows' robot. Throwdown, disguised as a Toxo-Viper, infiltrates the robot controlled by Serpentor, and rides it all the way back to Utah. However, the robot is not shielded against atmospheric reentry, and Sean's helmet catches fire, causing severe burns to his face. As the robot returns to the Pit, Snake Eyes sacrifices himself to put an end to Serpentor. Emerging from the robot, the still-smoldering Throwdown puts on Snake Eyes' discarded mask.", "Hoedown Throwdown \"Hoedown Throwdown\" is a song performed by American recording artist Miley Cyrus. It was released as a single from the for \"\". It was then released via iTunes Store on March 10, 2009 as a Radio Disney exclusive that had an interview as a B-side. A karaoke version is available in . \" Hoedown Throwdown\" is an instructional dance song with a hybrid of country and hip hop. The choreography was designed by Jamal Sims and incorporates line dance influences. The song received mixed critical reception, but enjoyed commercial success and became a top twenty hit in various nations including Australia, Canada, Ireland, Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States. \" Hoedown Throwdown\" reached its highest international peak in the Irish Singles Chart, at number ten. The single never received an official music video, but an excerpt from \"Hannah Montana: The Movie\" was used for promotion. Cyrus incorporated \"Hoedown Throwdown\" into the set list of her first worldwide concert tour, the Wonder World Tour. \"Hoedown Throwdown\" was created for the 2009 musical film \"Hannah Montana: The Movie\", in which Cyrus stars as a famous pop star sent to reconnect with her Southern roots and family. The film's director, Peter Chelsom, felt the movie needed a big dance-number, similar to the \"Macarena\" (1995) or the \"Funky Chicken\" (1950s). Chelsom knew he wanted a song in which Cyrus' character, Miley Stewart, called dance steps that captured Cyrus' \"real silliness physically\" and her \"great abandon\". In addition, Chelsom wanted the song to represent the two worlds of Stewart, the main theme of the film, by \"combin[ing]", "Miley Stewart\u2019s L.A. hip-hop/pop style with her country roots\". Because the song is an instructional dance song, it became an ongoing collaboration between Chelsom, choreographer Jamal Sims, Cyrus, and the song's songwriters, Adam Anders and Nikki Hasman. According to Chelsom, the collaborators referred to the song by the working title \"The Project\" \"for the longest time\" before naming it the \"Hoedown Throwdown\". The song was also nick-named \"Miley's Macarena\". \" Hoedown Throwdown\" was first released as a promotional single from on March 10, 2009. \"Hoedown Throwdown\" merges from a hybrid of country and hip hop. It is set in common time with a moderate tempo of 104 beats per minute. \" Hoedown Throwdown\" is written in the key of E\u266d major. Cyrus' vocals span two octaves, from B\u266d to F. The song begins with an intro in which Cyrus repeats \"Boom Boom clap, boom di-clap di-clap\" four times. This line is reused in the song's outro. Allmusic described the song as a tribute to \"down-home family times\". Cyrus stated \"Hoedown Throwdown\" was one of those on the film's soundtrack that \"is all about\" her Nashville roots and \"the reason why [she is who she is].\" The dance for \"Hoedown Throwdown\" is heavily influenced by line dancing and merges some hip-hop. A video starring Cyrus and \"\"s choreographer Jamal Simms entitled \"How to Do the Hoedown Throwdown\", premiered on Disney Channel on February 20, 2009. The video features Cyrus and Simms, accompanied by several back-up dancers, in a pink room and sporting workout attire."], "answer": {"text": "After sign a recording contract with Indecision Records, the band released their first studio album Beyond Repair the following year. In 1999,", "answer_start": 544}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the band Throwdown doing in 1997?", "answer": {"text": "Throwdown was formed in 1997", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the original members?", "answer": {"text": "Visions, guitarists Tommy Love and Javier Van Huss, bassist Dom Macaluso, and drummer Marc Jackson.", "answer_start": 122, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where were some of their first gigs?", "answer": {"text": "The band released their debut, self-titled 7-inch single that same year through Prime Directive Records.", "answer_start": 375, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have an personnel changes over those first years?", "answer": {"text": "Van Huss left the band, and was replaced by Brandan Schieppati.", "answer_start": 480, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were those the only changes in this first years?", "answer": {"text": "Schieppati left the band to concentrate full-time on his other band Bleeding Through, being replaced by Dave Peters.", "answer_start": 765, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the band very popular at first?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5bb77dfb6e941aab3c5a256cb85a74f_1_q#7", "question": "How long was it before they release a second album?", "rewrite": "After releasing \"Beyond Repair \", how long was it before Throwdown released a second album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Throwdown was formed in 1997 by vocalist Keith Barney, who would also be an active member of both Adamantium and Eighteen Visions, guitarists Tommy Love and Javier Van Huss, bassist Dom Macaluso, and drummer Marc Jackson. The group took on the title Throwdown as a \"wry irony on their collective stature,\" at the time no band member being more than 5 feet 8 inches (1.73 m). The band released their debut, self-titled 7-inch single that same year through Prime Directive Records. Van Huss left the band, and was replaced by Brandan Schieppati. After sign a recording contract with Indecision Records, the band released their first studio album Beyond Repair the following year. In 1999, Barney also relinquished his role in Death by Stereo to prioritise Throwdown. Schieppati left the band to concentrate full-time on his other band Bleeding Through, being replaced by Dave Peters. The following year, the new line-up released the Drive Me Dead EP. In 2001, Throwdown released their second studio album, You Don't Have to Be Blood to Be Family. They also recorded a tongue-in-cheek metalcore version of Sir Mix-a-Lot's hit single \"Baby Got Back\" for Radical Records' Too Legit for the Pit: Hardcore Takes the Rap compilation, which also featured Candiria, Stretch Arm Strong, and The Movielife. Allmusic reviewer Rick Anderson gave the album four and a half out of five stars, stating that Throwdown's version for the song was \"absolutely hilarious\". The idea of cover a hip hop song, was a collaboration between Macaluso and Love. Originally they wanted to cover House of Pain's \"Jump Around\". Then the band decided there was too much in the song, as they felt that hip hop songs are hard to cover.", "Lester Stoefen Lester Rollo Stoefen (March 30, 1911 \u2013 February 8, 1970) was an American tennis player of the 1930s. Stoefen, partnering with compatriot George Lott, won three Grand Slam doubles titles: 1934 Wimbledon Championships, 1933 and 1934 U.S. National Championships. In 1933 he was ranked World No. 9 by Pierre Gillou (president of the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Fran\u00e7aise de Tennis) and World No. 10 by A. Wallis Myers of The Daily Telegraph. Stoefen reached the semi finals of the U. S. Championships singles in 1933, losing to Fred Perry In 1934 he played for the US Davis Cup team and won all his six matches, including the only match the US won in their defeat in the final against Great Britain. Also in 1934 Stoefen won the U.S. Indoor Tennis Championships singles event, defeating Gregory Mangin in the final in three straight sets. Stoefen signed a professional contract in November 1934 with promoter Bill O'Brien. In January 1935, at Madison Square Garden, he started a series of head-to-head matches against Ellsworth Vines and by March trailed him 1\u201325. He was the older brother of basketball player Art Stoefen, and both attended Los Angeles High School. On February 6, 1936 he married actress Ruth Moody in Hollywood. He died on La Jolla, California on February 8, 1970 of liver cirrhosis.", "Miley Stewart\u2019s L.A. hip-hop/pop style with her country roots\". Because the song is an instructional dance song, it became an ongoing collaboration between Chelsom, choreographer Jamal Sims, Cyrus, and the song's songwriters, Adam Anders and Nikki Hasman. According to Chelsom, the collaborators referred to the song by the working title \"The Project\" \"for the longest time\" before naming it the \"Hoedown Throwdown\". The song was also nick-named \"Miley's Macarena\". \" Hoedown Throwdown\" was first released as a promotional single from on March 10, 2009. \"Hoedown Throwdown\" merges from a hybrid of country and hip hop. It is set in common time with a moderate tempo of 104 beats per minute. \" Hoedown Throwdown\" is written in the key of E\u266d major. Cyrus' vocals span two octaves, from B\u266d to F. The song begins with an intro in which Cyrus repeats \"Boom Boom clap, boom di-clap di-clap\" four times. This line is reused in the song's outro. Allmusic described the song as a tribute to \"down-home family times\". Cyrus stated \"Hoedown Throwdown\" was one of those on the film's soundtrack that \"is all about\" her Nashville roots and \"the reason why [she is who she is].\" The dance for \"Hoedown Throwdown\" is heavily influenced by line dancing and merges some hip-hop. A video starring Cyrus and \"\"s choreographer Jamal Simms entitled \"How to Do the Hoedown Throwdown\", premiered on Disney Channel on February 20, 2009. The video features Cyrus and Simms, accompanied by several back-up dancers, in a pink room and sporting workout attire.", "Deathless (Throwdown album) Deathless is the sixth studio album by American metal band Throwdown. The album was released on November 10, 2009 in the US through E1 Music, January 22, 2010 through Nuclear Blast Records in Europe, and January 25, 2010 in the UK, also through Nuclear Blast Records. \" Deathless\" is the first album by Throwdown released through E1 (formerly Koch Records) and Nuclear Blast since the band switched from Trustkill Records at the end of 2008. Deathless reached No. 26 on \"Billboard\"'s Independent album on November 28, 2009, and stayed on the chart for one week. Deathless received positive to mixed reviews from critics. Some critics praised Throwdown for changing the sound from their previous hardcore punk sound, other critics did not like their decision to change their sound to a more groove metal sound. Most critics agreed that Throwdown had moved to a more Pantera sounding style. Some, however, even likened the band's new sound to groups such as Godsmack and Mudvayne. All songs written by Dave Peters and Mark Choiniere. Throwdown Production and art", "Art Stoefen Arthur Oscar Stoefen (August 29, 1914 \u2013 January 7, 1995) was an American basketball player. He was an All-American college player at Stanford University and played professionally in the American National Basketball League (NBL). Stoefen, a 6'5\" center-forward, played college basketball alongside future Hall of Fame forward Hank Luisetti in the late thirties. The duo led the Cardinal to a 68\u201311 record over their three varsity seasons. As a senior in 1937\u201338, Stoefen was named first-team All-Pacific Coast Conference and a second-team All-American by Madison Square Garden. He is a member of the Stanford Athletic Hall of Fame. Following his college career, Stoefen played for the integrated Los Angeles Red Devils team with future baseball hall of famer Jackie Robinson in 1946\u201347. During the season, he moved to the Chicago American Gears of the NBL. Stoefen was the cousin of tennis star Lester Stoefen. Newspapers often reported that they were brothers, a fact he grew tired of correcting. Arthur was born in Iowa, but moved to California in his youth and he excelled athletically at Los Angeles High School."], "answer": {"text": "In 2001, Throwdown released their second studio album, You Don't Have to Be Blood to Be Family.", "answer_start": 949}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the band Throwdown doing in 1997?", "answer": {"text": "Throwdown was formed in 1997", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the original members?", "answer": {"text": "Visions, guitarists Tommy Love and Javier Van Huss, bassist Dom Macaluso, and drummer Marc Jackson.", "answer_start": 122, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where were some of their first gigs?", "answer": {"text": "The band released their debut, self-titled 7-inch single that same year through Prime Directive Records.", "answer_start": 375, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have an personnel changes over those first years?", "answer": {"text": "Van Huss left the band, and was replaced by Brandan Schieppati.", "answer_start": 480, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were those the only changes in this first years?", "answer": {"text": "Schieppati left the band to concentrate full-time on his other band Bleeding Through, being replaced by Dave Peters.", "answer_start": 765, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the band very popular at first?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band get a recording contract in those early years?", "answer": {"text": "After sign a recording contract with Indecision Records, the band released their first studio album Beyond Repair the following year. In 1999,", "answer_start": 544, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f08229e260c346edb443183c43ace739_1_q#0", "question": "What is Don't Be Afraid?", "rewrite": "What is Don't Be Afraid?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Afraid of Mice Afraid of Mice were an English new wave/post-punk band from Liverpool, England, formed in 1979. They released five singles between 1981 and 1982, and one self-titled album in 1981 on the Charisma label. Prior to Afraid of Mice, Philip Franz Jones had already been in various Liverpool bands since the early seventies, such as Skyfall and Next. The band was formed in Liverpool in 1979 by Jones (vocals, sax, flute, keyboards), together with Geoff Kelly (bass, vocals) Roddie Gilliard (guitar) and Clive Gee (drums). Before settling on Afraid of Mice, they were called Beano, The Press, and The Jones, and recorded a collection of original Phil Jones songs as demos. Changing their name to Afraid of Mice, they had two of the demos released on the \"A Trip to the Dentist\" compilation, issued by Skeleton Records, which led to the band being signed by Charisma Records. Sam Brew later replaced Roddie Gilliard. Working alongside producer Tony Visconti, their self-titled debut album was released in 1981. It was dismissed by \"Trouser Press\" reviewer Dave Schulps as \"humorless Bowiesque dance-rock\". Several singles were taken from the album, none of them reaching the charts. Despite having a fan following, the album did not sell well. A second album was planned, but was never completed after Charisma was taken over by Virgin Records and producer Anne Dudley was taken off the project. This eventually led to Afraid of Mice leaving Charisma, and the band released some of the tracks recorded for the album, as well as other unreleased tracks as \"The White Album\" in 1983. They disbanded in 1987. The band reformed for some live shows in 2014 and 2015.", "Young Man Afraid of His Horses Young-Man-Afraid-Of-His-Horses [T\u021fa\u0161\u00fa\u014bke K\u021fok\u00edp\u021fapi] (1836 \u2013 July 13, 1893), also translated as His-Horses-Are-Afraid and They-Fear-Even-His-Horses, was a chief of the Oglala Sioux. Commonly misinterpreted, his name means \"They fear his horse\" or \"His horse is feared\", meaning that the bearer of the name was so feared in battle that even the sight of his horse would inspire fear. He is known for his participation in Red Cloud's War, as a negotiator for the Sioux Nation after the Wounded Knee Massacre, and for serving on delegations to Washington, D.C. The latter 19th-century Oglala Lakota leader known to the whites as Young Man Afraid of His Horses was born about 1836 into a distinguished family of Oglala headmen. According to his father, Young Man Afraid of His Horses was the fourth in a direct line of Oglala chiefs to bear the name, which is more correctly translated as \"They-Fear-His-Horse\". After Young Man Afraid of His Horses became a renowned Lakota warrior and headman in his own right, his father became known as Old Man Afraid of His Horse (18081889), who served as a headman and chief of the Hunkpatila band of Oglala until the 1870s, when the Oglala split over the creation of the Great Sioux Reservation. In 1871, the followers of the family settled permanently at the Red Cloud Agency, later the Pine Ridge Agency. The non-treaty Oglala faction retained the \"Hunkpatila\" name and remained in the Powder River country. Young Man Afraid of His Horses' Oglala band became known as the \"Payabya\" band.", "\"Come, Shepherd, for I am much afraid!\" When Much Afraid intimates that she would love to be able to dance upon the high places as do the sure-footed deer, the Shepherd commends her for this desire. In order to accomplish this, he offers to \"plant the seed of love\" into her heart. At first sight of the long, black hawthorn-looking seed, she shrieks in fear. Soon, she relents, and after the initial intense pain, she senses that something is indeed different in her, though she still looks the same, for now. Just when the reader thinks that Much Afraid is about to reach the High Places, the path turns downward towards a seemingly endless desert. There is incident with an extremely high cliff that must be ascended by a steep, slippery and very narrow zig-zagging track, with the help of her two companions, Sorrow and Suffering. Then days are spent in a forest that is shrouded in a thick cloud of fog. During this time Much Afraid is sequestered with her two friends in a log cabin. The climax is an unexpected twist that comes as Much Afraid despairs of ever reaching the High Places. The book bears some stylistic similarities to John Bunyan's \"The Pilgrim's Progress\". The name of the protagonist, Much-Afraid, also appears first in Bunyan's work.", "I'm Afraid of Americans \"I'm Afraid of Americans\" is a single by David Bowie from the 1997 album \"Earthling\". The song, co-written by Bowie and Brian Eno, was originally written during Bowie's studio sessions for the 1995 album \"Outside\" but was not released until a rough mix appeared on the soundtrack to the film \"Showgirls\", and was subsequently remade for \"Earthling\". A top 20 hit in Canada, the rework also peaked at number 66 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and spent 16 weeks on that chart. This was the final Bowie single which charted on the Hot 100 until \"Blackstar\" and \"Lazarus\" following his death. Bowie describes the feelings behind the song: It's not as truly hostile about Americans as say \"Born in the U.S.A.\": it's merely sardonic. I was traveling in Java when [its] first McDonald's went up : it was like, \"for fuck's sake. \" The invasion by any homogenized culture is so depressing, the erection of another Disney World in, say, Umbria, Italy, more so. It strangles the indigenous culture and narrows expression of life. \"I'm Afraid of Americans\" originally appeared as a rough mix on the soundtrack to the film \"Showgirls\" (in which the chorus is \"I'm afraid of the animals\" instead of the later \"I'm afraid of Americans\") and was subsequently remade for \"Earthling\". This version, Nine Inch Nails remix V1 and Original Edit were released on the bonus disc of the \"Digibook Expanded Edition\" of \"Earthling\" in 2004. A CD single for \"I'm Afraid of Americans\" was released in the United States and Canada.", "Not Afraid \"Not Afraid\" is a song by American rapper Eminem from his seventh studio album \"Recovery\" (2010). It was released as the album's lead single on April 29, 2010, by Interscope Records. \" Not Afraid\" was first revealed as a single by Eminem via Twitter, after which the song debuted on radio. To promote the single's release, a freestyle rap, \"Despicable\", was released on the Internet and received attention for its tone and lyrical content. \"Not Afraid\" was written and produced by Eminem, Boi-1da, Jordan Evans and Matthew Burnett; keyboardist Luis Resto was also attributed with songwriting credit. According to Eminem's manager Paul Rosenberg and music critics, \"Not Afraid\" carries a positive message and depicts Eminem's change in direction from drugs and violence. The hip hop song features a choir that assists Eminem in a heavily layered chorus and vocals are sung over a guitar, synthesizer and piano; no Auto-Tune was used on the sung vocals, but many reverberation tools were. \"Not Afraid\" received mixed to positive reviews from music critics, who praised the song for being anthemic in nature and carrying a positive message. The song did, however, face criticism for its sudden change in theme from previous singles, and was considered to be less affecting than some of his other songs. Despite mixed reception, \"Not Afraid\" became the 16th song in \"Billboard\" history to debut on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at number one; it also debuted as a chart-topper in Canada. In June 2014 the song was certified 10\u00d7 Platinum by RIAA, making Eminem the first artist with digital diamond awards for two songs."], "answer": {"text": "In 1997 the band released a fourth album, Don't Be Afraid (1997).", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f08229e260c346edb443183c43ace739_1_q#1", "question": "Did the album have any hit singles?", "rewrite": "Did the album Don't Be Afraid have any hit singles?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["British Hit Singles & Albums British Hit Singles & Albums (originally known as The Guinness Book of British Hit Singles and The Guinness Book of British Hit Albums) was a music reference book originally published in the United Kingdom by the publishing arm of the Guinness breweries, Guinness Superlatives. Later editions were published by Guinness World Records and HiT Entertainment. It listed all the singles and albums featured in the Top 75 pop charts in the UK. In 2004 the book became an amalgamation of two earlier Guinness publications, originally known as British Hit Singles and British Hit Albums. The publication of this amalgamation ceased in 2006. A new version of the book published by Virgin and entitled \"The Virgin Book of British Hit Singles\", first published in November 2008. The first ten editions were compiled by Paul Gambaccini, Mike Read and brothers Tim Rice and Jonathan Rice. Read left the team in the mid-1980s and the other editors resigned in 1996. Chart editor for many editions was David Roberts. \"British Hit Singles & Albums\" was generally considered to be the authoritative reference (and only) source for both the UK Singles Chart (since its inception in 1952) and the UK Albums Chart. It listed all the singles and albums ever to have been in the UK charts since 1952 (albums since 1958), listing them in alphabetical order and by both artist and song title. The entries also included the date of chart entry, highest position, catalogue number and number of weeks in the chart. Short biographical notes accompanied many of the artists' chart details. The book's sources are the \"New Musical Express\" (\"NME\") chart from November 1952 to March 1960, and the \"Record Retailer\" (later \"Music Week\") chart thereafter.", "Ren\u00e9 & Angela released their self-titled debut album in 1980, followed by \"Wall to Wall\" in 1982 and \"Rise\" in 1983. During this period they had two moderate R&B hit singles, \"I Love You More\" and \"My First Love.\u201d During Rene & Angela's early years, Moore and Winbush were asked to write and produce four songs for Janet Jackson's 1982 self-titled debut album, \"Janet Jackson.\" One of the songs, \"Young Love,\" became Jackson's first top ten R&B hit reaching number six on the chart. They also wrote exclusively for Stephanie Mills, who forged a close friendship with Winbush (their \"I Have Learned to Respect the Power of Love,\" gave Mills her first-ever #1 R&B single, in 1985). Winbush would later write another Mills number one R&B hit with \"Something in the Way You Make Me Feel.\" Between that, Rene & Angela decided to branch out and find a bigger fan base signing with Mercury Records in 1984. They released their breakthrough album, \"A Street Called Desire\" the following year. Among the hit singles included on the album was their first R&B number one with the dance single, \"Save Your Love (For #1),\" which included guest vocals from rapper Kurtis Blow, making it besides Chaka Khan's \"I Feel For You,\" one of the first songs to prominently feature a rapper. Other hit singles included \"I'll Be Good,\u201d the mostly Winbush-led \"Your Smile\" was another number one hit, while the subsequent \"You Don't Have to Cry \" hit number two in the beginning of 1986. Eventually \"A Street Called Desire\" sold over a million copies, going platinum, but on the brink of their greatest success, tensions between Winbush and Moore had grown.", "Their follow-up EP \"DEV-O Live\" (1981) was a surprise hit in Australia, topping the singles chart there for three weeks, but their subsequent albums and singles suffered from declining sales and the group was eventually dropped by the label after their 1984 album \"Shout\". Prince's 1980 album \"Dirty Mind\" was widely praised by critics, earning a gold record award, but his 1982 double-LP \"1999\" (1982) became his first major hit album, selling over six million copies and spawning three hit singles. The title track reached #12 in the US and provided his first international hit (#25 UK) and his next two singles, \"Little Red Corvette\" and \"Delirious\", were both US Top 10 hits. Chicago was picked up by Warner Bros. in 1981 after being dropped by its former label Columbia, which believed that the band was no longer commercially viable. After teaming with producer David Foster, the band shot back into the charts in 1982 with the album \"Chicago 16\", which reached #9 and produced two hit singles including the US #1 hit \"Hard To Say I'm Sorry\". The group's second Warner album, \"Chicago 17\", became the biggest seller of its career\u2014it reached #4 in the US and produced four US Top-20 singles including the Top-5 hits \"Hard Habit to Break\" (#3) and \"You're the Inspiration\" (#3) and is currently accredited at 6\u00d7 Platinum. Lead singer Peter Cetera left the group after this album but had continued success as a solo artist for Warner, scoring a #1 hit in 1986 with \"Glory of Love\" (from the movie \"The Karate Kid Part II\"), which was also nominated for a Grammy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award.", "The Virgin Book of British Hit Singles The Virgin Book of British Hit Singles is a charts reference book published in October 2008. It replaces the \"Guinness Book of British Hit Singles & Albums\", after the Guinness company withdrew interest in chart reference books at the same time their contract was due to expire. The last edition was published in 2006 covering all chart hits between 1952-2005. Two years later Virgin took over the contract from The Official Charts Company to publish the re-branded version of the book as \"The Virgin Book of British Hit Singles\" without the album charts information. The first edition of the book lists every act to have a chart hit in the UK top 75 singles chart between 1952-2008 (first quarter of the year). Unlike its predecessor it only lists the chart weeks spent in the top 40 if the single has ever charted high enough during its chart run to do so, while Guinness listed all weeks spent in the top 75. Selected acts have a mini-biography with their entry in the book, while other sections of the book have reports on the charts, such as how they have changed due to the event of digital downloads having an effect. The main section of the book contains the Top 75 UK hit singles, which are separated into the artists; solo singers, duets, groups and bands. The song titles, along with the highest UK Chart position, and number of weeks in Top 40 are included. The first edition featured this information along, with a list of all the songs in an A-Z list at the end of the book, for easy reference. The second edition of the book, referred to as 'Volume 2', was published in 2010 and had a number of changes, including the addition of a new section listing all the UK No. 1 singles from 1952 until the book was completed in early 2010.", "\"Sixteen Tons of Hardware\" and \"Voodoo Magic\" were both hit singles in Finland. Two singles off the album, \"Living in a Fantasy\" and \"Sixteen Tons of Hardware\" went Number 1 in the Europa Plus Airplay Chart in Russia, and the album soon crossed over to neighboring countries, generating no less than five Top 5 hit singles in Ukraine and two Top 5 hit singles in Hungary. The track \"Gone\" was a Number 1 hit in Lebanon. BWO's second album \"Halcyon Days\", released in April 2006, entered the Swedish Album Chart at Number 1, shipping gold and generating four further hit singles, of which the first single \"Temple of Love\" was a Number 1 smash in Sweden and charted across Scandinavia and Eastern Europe. Halcyon Days was followed by a remix collection called \"Halcyon Nights\", released in December 2006. A third studio album, \"Fabricator\", was released in Sweden on September 19, 2007, entering the Swedish charts at Number 6. A pre-release single \"Save My Pride\", was released in May 2007, becoming BWO's fourth Top 20 single in Sweden. It also went Number 1 on major Turkish radio station Radio Mydonese's Top 40 Countdown in July 2007. The singles \"Let it Rain\" and \"Rhythm Drives Me Crazy\" were released simultaneously in August 2007. \" Rhythm Drives Me Crazy\" was chosen as the theme for the Swedish team in the Women's Football World Cup in China in September 2007, and was a fourth Top 20 hit for BWO in Finland. A fourth single \"The Destiny Of Love\" was released in October 2007. A fifth, \"Give Me the Night\", was released at the end of December 2007, but became the only BWO single (as of August 2008) to fail to reach the Swedish singles chart."], "answer": {"text": "Also included is \"Ozar Midrashim\", later used as the main theme for the videogame Soul Reaver.", "answer_start": 1190}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Don't Be Afraid?", "answer": {"text": "In 1997 the band released a fourth album, Don't Be Afraid (1997).", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f08229e260c346edb443183c43ace739_1_q#3", "question": "What can you tell me about Cleopatra Records?", "rewrite": "What can you tell me about Cleopatra Records?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After months in the studio recording the 2012 album \"Thunderstryke\" for Rock Saviour Records in Germany, Thor returned to live performing by headlining the Armstrong Metal Fest 2012 at Hassen Arena. \"Thunderstryke\" (2012) and \"Thunderstryke II\" (2013) were released to rave reviews and commercial success worldwide. In 2013, Thor signed with Cleopatra Records in Los Angeles, California and released a CD/DVD deluxe edition of his fifth album, \"Only the Strong\" (1985), in May 2014. This package includes additional unreleased bonus tracks and lost live footage. In 2014 Cleopatra Records re-released the 1983 EP \"Unchained\" which included the version of the 1982 EP \"Lightning Strikes Again\". In 2015 Thor released what many critics are calling his greatest album of all time titled \"Metal Avenger\" through Cleopatra Records. Thor toured major cities during November 2015 in United States to promote album \"Metal Avenger\" and the documentary film \" I Am Thor\". A short North American tour followed in March, 2016 along with the Canadian release on Raven Banner. The official reissue of Thor's 1977 \"Keep the Dogs Away\" album will be released May 13, 2016 as a Super Deluxe 2 CD + DVD set by Deadline Records. This will coincide with a vinyl and digital launch of the recording. A huge epic show billed as 'Thor - a Rock Odyssey' is to be Thor's greatest live event of all time. It is set to take place May 14, 2016 in New York City at the Highline Ballroom. The spectacle, produced by Fabio Productions, will be presented much like a Broadway show featuring three parts. ' Thor- a Rock Odyssey' will feature Thor performing his 1977", "New Red Archives New Red Archives is an independent record label based in California's San Francisco Bay Area, mainly home to punk rock bands. Started in 1987, the label began by releasing punk and hardcore punk records on coloured vinyl. Starting in summer 1990 after a re-location from Brooklyn, the label was based out of Hollywood. In 1996 The label signed an exclusive distribution deal with Dutch East India Trading. By 1998 the label had moved to San Francisco. Starting in the early 2000s the label released CDs as well as vinyl, through the distribution company Lumberjack Mordam Music Group. New Red Archives catalog includes early 1980s NY-based hardcore groups Kraut and Reagan Youth, Christ On A Crutch featuring Foo Fighters bassist Nate Mendel, Ten Bright Spikes featuring members of UK Subs and Social Unrest, No Use For A Name who eventually featured Foo Fighters guitar player Chris Shiflett, politically charged punk band Anti-Flag, and first wave punk rock/ street punk group the U.K. Subs. In 2012 Cleopatra Records acquired New Red Archives entire catalog of releases, and in 2013 New Red Archives became a division of Cleopatra Records. The full catalog comes in under 140 albums all together including compilation releases. As of 2017 Cleopatra has released 33 of the original releases including the compilations Hardcore Breakout USA 1,2,3... and At War With Society. The catalog peaked at just about under 30 bands on the label roster and of those groups 12 were released through Cleopatra including Reagan Youth, UK Subs, Ultraman, Kraut, Hogan\u2019s Heroes, Samiam, Christ On A Crutch, The Nukes, Social Unrest, Snap-Her, Anti Flag, The Loudmouths, and Ten Bright Spikes.", "The album was mixed by Jack Endino ( Nirvana, L7, Mudhoney ) and mastered at Abbey Road Studios by Andy Walter (Radiohead, David Bowie, U2). \"besides including the main trio, also includes a few guest artists. One is prog rock's multi-instrumentalist Billy Sherwood. Billy Sherwood is behind the keyboard playing sounds you'd ever want to hear. Andy Walter at Abbey Road Studios in London, England, mastered Sons of Hippies: The Griffons at the Gates of Heaven. The same walls hearing the sounds of old psychedelia of the day. Fits the whole package here very well\". \"Time of the Season\" (The Zombies cover) on \"Psych-Out Christmas\" (Cleopatra Records, 2013) \"The Soft Parade\" (The Doors cover) on \"A Psych Tribute To The Doors\" (Cleopatra Records, 2014) \"Gimme Shelter\" (The Rolling Stones cover) on \"Stoned - A Psych Tribute To The Rolling Stones\" (Cleopatra Records, 2015)", "Cleopatra Records Cleopatra Records is a Los Angeles-based independent record label founded in 1992 by entrepreneur and music fan Brian Perera. It has since grown into a family of labels, including Hypnotic Records, Purple Pyramid Records, Deadline Music Records; and X-Ray Records, encompassing a variety of genres with emphasis on unique and experimental artists. Cleopatra Records has been primarily known for ushering in the second wave of gothic and industrial music with an eclectic roster of artists including Christian Death, Nosferatu, Rosetta Stone, Switchblade Symphony, Le\u00e6ther Strip, The Electric Hellfire Club, Razed in Black, X Marks the Pedwalk, Spahn Ranch, Genitorturers, Download (featuring members of Skinny Puppy), Pagandom and others as well as new wave artists Gary Numan, Missing Persons, Information Society and others. Cleopatra has also been a vital force in promoting underground and British punk rock bands such as The Vibrators, U.K. Subs, and The Damned, as well as dozens of lesser known bands that had never before been released in the U.S. market. When the revival of 1980s Hollywood Metal exploded around the turn of the century, the company started a subsidiary label Deadline Music to handle releases by Quiet Riot, White Lion, Warrant, Cinderella, Poison\u2019s Bret Michaels and L.A. Guns. Partnering with European labels such as Lifted Music and Hard Records, Cleopatra established the Hypnotic imprint for a series of electronic music compilations as well as full-length albums by The Future Sound of London, Paul Oakenfold, Superstar DJ Keoki, and Talla 2XLC as well as the first ever feature-length documentary on rave culture Better Living Through Circuitry. Most recently, Hypnotic has been the home of high profile, and highly prolific, metal-turned-electronic music act Blackburner.", "A 7-CD box set of these recordings (entitled \"Trax! Box\") was released in April 2015. Meanwhile, Cleopatra has continued to work with established artists such as Missing Persons\u2019 Dale Bozzio, Thor, The Oak Ridge Boys, Shuggie Otis, and Popa Chubby and Eric Gales. When Los Angeles-based independent record label Cleopatra Records, Inc. began attracting talent from modern blues artists and purchased the estate of Junior Wells, the company decided to create a label dedicated to the genre. Cleopatra Blues was established in 2015, using a logo based on a well-known photo of Junior Wells smoking a cigarette. The label has become a home for modern blues acts as Popa Chubby, Eric Gales, James Montgomery, Leo Welch, and Lance Lopez as well as up-and-coming blues artists such as Eli Cook and British prodigy Tom Killner. Louisiana blues artist Kenny Neal raised the profile of the label considerably with the release of his solo album, 2016's Bloodline, which was nominated for a Grammy Nominees (Grammy Nominees#2016) in the category of Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Blues Album. Saxophone player Big Jay McNeely joined the label in 2016 for his release Blowin\u2019 Down The House - Big Jay's Latest & Greatest and will also be releasing a live CD & DVD called Honkin\u2019 & Jivin\u2019 At The Palomino in 2017. A box set featuring unreleased tracks the label acquired in its purchasing of the Junior Wells estate is set to be released in 2017. X-Ray Records is an imprint under the Cleopatra Records, Inc. label group that focuses on hip hop and modern R&B. The imprint began in 2000 just as the label was starting to diversify after predominantly focusing on gothic and industrial music throughout the late \u201890s."], "answer": {"text": "Cleopatra Records released the album, but -- like Tommy Boy Records -- did little to promote it.", "answer_start": 280}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Don't Be Afraid?", "answer": {"text": "In 1997 the band released a fourth album, Don't Be Afraid (1997).", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the album have any hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "Also included is \"Ozar Midrashim\", later used as the main theme for the videogame Soul Reaver.", "answer_start": 1190, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they tour for this album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f08229e260c346edb443183c43ace739_1_q#4", "question": "Did anything else significant happen during this time period?", "rewrite": "Did anything else significant happen regarding the band Information Society, besides release of the Don't Be Afraid, during late 90's?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Information Society (album) Information Society is the debut studio album by American synth-pop band Information Society. It was released on June 21, 1988, by Tommy Boy Records and Reprise Records. It was the band's first release under a major label, after two independently released extended plays. The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on December 6, 1988, denoting shipments in excess of 500,000 copies in the United States. Four singles were released from the album, including \"What's on Your Mind (Pure Energy)\", the group's most commercially successful single to date. It was one of the only albums released in the seldom-used CD+G format. \"Information Society\" is one of the very few albums to have CD+G content. As the CD+G format never caught on and compatible players are difficult to find, the whole content was also made available on the band's website. \"What's on Your Mind (Pure Energy)\" and \"Walking Away\" were used in a sampler disc bundled with the Sega CD to showcase the console's CD+G capability. It had the same graphics as the album. According to the CD+G notes, instruments used in the production of this album include: Akai S-900 sampler, E-MU SP-12 Drum Machine, Prophet 2002 Sampler (X2), Yamaha TX Rack Module (X8), Moog Minimoog Synthesizer, Roland Super Jupiter Synth (X3), Roland JX-3P Synth, Roland S-50 Synth. This album was recorded onto floppy disc via Voyetra Technology's \"Sequencer Plus MK III\" MIDI sequencer software in the summer of 1987. It was transferred to 48 track analog tape in autumn 1987, at which time vocals where added.", "Kurt Harland Kurt Harland is a singer, composer, and audio engineer. He is best known as the lead singer of Information Society and composer of the soundtracks for the \"Legacy of Kain\" video game series. Kurt Harland Larson was born on January 25, 1963 in Minnesota. His father, Paul Larson, is a chemist. At the age of six he took piano lessons, and by the end of high school had expanded into choral and theatrical singing and stage performing. During college, he and a high school friend started a recording group they called Information Society, which would become a decades-long involvement with music, electronic audio, and recording/programming. After living in New York City, Vienna, and Minneapolis, Harland moved to California. He currently resides in San Francisco with his wife, Michelle, and sons, Allistair, born 2006, and Halvard, born 2012. Harland began his experience with electronic audio gear and recording in 1982. Formed in 1982, synthpop band Information Society achieved mainstream success for a time in the late eighties and early nineties. They are most widely known for their 1988 hit single \"What's On Your Mind? (Pure Energy)\". In early concerts and albums, Harland was credited under the pseudonym \"Kurt Valaquen,\" Valaquen taken from Tolkien, meaning child of light. After the band had achieved mainstream success, he began using his own middle name as his professional last name. After Information Society broke up, Harland kept the rights to the name of the band and released an album, \"Don't Be Afraid\", in 1997. A 2004 episode of VH1's \"Bands Reunited\", caused a brief controversy when Harland refused to appear in an Information Society reunion performance, despite apparently accepting the invitation on-camera by signing a copy of their first album.", "Will Loconto Will Loconto is a musician, composer, and producer based in Austin, Texas. He is the lead vocalist/songwriter for the U.S. band T42, was a keyboardist for the band Information Society, and has composed music for various video game soundtracks including \"Daikatana\". In 1989, Loconto replaced Jimron Goff as lead vocalist for the band T42, a Dallas area band that began in the Deep Ellum music scene in the late 1980s. Loconto quit T42 in 1993 in order to be the keyboardist in the synth band Information Society. Loconto left Information Society to work for Dallas-based computer game developer Ion Storm as a sound designer and composer. He was part of the initial design team for the game \"John Romero\u2019s\" \"Daikatana\". He left Ion Storm in November 1998 and co-founded PC and video game developer Third Law Interactive, distributed by publishing company Gathering of Developers the same year. Through Third Law Interactive, Loconto developed sound and music for \"\". In 2001, he founded Will Loconto Music and Sound, and audio production company for games, television, and film. T42 reunited in 2011 to release the album \"Voltage!\" and play several live shows. In August 2017, T42 released \"Hot On Top (Remastered)\", a remastered version of the 1989 cassette that led to their signing with Columbia Records. \"Decoder\", their first new music since 1992 was released in October 2017. As of 2019, T42 is still playing live shows.", "Christopher Anton Christopher Anton, alternately styled christopher ANTON, (born July 21), is an American singer-songwriter. Anton is known for being the vocalist of the synthpop band Information Society, as well as the synth rock band Pseudocipher. In 2010, Anton gained popularity as a solo artist with the release of his cover version of the dance single \"Fade to Grey\". After the success of \"Fade to Grey\", Anton released his debut album \"Destination: X\". Christopher Anton founded the alternative synth-rock band Pseudocipher in 1998. The band initially began by recording a collage of electronic synthpop and rock inspired pieces. This origin inevitably led the band to having two releases, \"Pseudocipher\" (self-titled) in 1998, and \"Fragments of Empathy\" in 2003. \"Fragments of Empathy\" (aka FOE) was produced by the French Brothers in Burbank, CA and was released on Gem Tree Records. On \"FOE\", Anton was joined by Jon Siren (drums) and Natasha Cox (keys) of Mankind Is Obsolete. The success of \"Fragments of Empathy\" saw the band sharing the stage with acts such as Berlin, Real Life, Daniel Ash (Bauhaus) and Anything Box. In March 2003, Anton auditioned for and was chosen as lead singer and frontman for Adolfo Valencia's Depeche Mode cover band, 101. Valencia (guitars, keyboards and vocals) and Anton were joined by Oziel Rufio (keyboards and vocals) and by Anton's Pseudocipher bandmate, Siren (drums). In January 2006, Anton auditioned for and was selected as the new lead singer for the synthpop band Information Society. Anton began recording with Paul Robb and James Cassidy (two of the band\u2019s original members) in January 2006 with Anton co-writing several tracks alongside Robb.", "Pure Energy (Information Society album) Pure Energy: the very best of Information Society is a compilation album by the synthpop band Information Society. It is generally poorly regarded by band members. This album contains tracks from the albums \"Don't Be Afraid\" (done by Kurt Harland alone) and \"InSoc Recombinant\" (a remix album, again a solo work by Harland), along with different mixes of \"Are Friends Electric?\" and \"What's On Your Mind\", and a cover version of a Madonna song (which had been made for Cleopatra's tribute album entitled \"Virgin Voices Vol. 1: A Tribute To Madonna\"). The album was produced by Cleopatra Records from archived material without any involvement from the band. Despite being listed in the liner notes as the album's producer, singer Harland did not work on it, and did not know of it before it was released. Paul Robb says this is \"not an Information Society record\" and \"an insult to both the band and the fans\". He also detested the cover art, calling it \"dreadful\". Despite refusing to \"endorse or un-endorse\" it, Harland expressed a strong dislike regarding the cover art, for being poorly done and for depicting him bearing a firearm. The band has referred to it in their MySpace blog as \"\"that horrible Cleopatra abomination\"\"."], "answer": {"text": "A remix album, InSoc Recombinant (1999), was produced, featuring vocals to the band's earlier hits remixed by various artists.", "answer_start": 1443}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Don't Be Afraid?", "answer": {"text": "In 1997 the band released a fourth album, Don't Be Afraid (1997).", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the album have any hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "Also included is \"Ozar Midrashim\", later used as the main theme for the videogame Soul Reaver.", "answer_start": 1190, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they tour for this album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What can you tell me about Cleopatra Records?", "answer": {"text": "Cleopatra Records released the album, but -- like Tommy Boy Records -- did little to promote it.", "answer_start": 280, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a241d3b139e345d88a07cff272896969_0_q#0", "question": "What was special about Alan Partridge?", "rewrite": "What was special about Alan Partridge?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["I'm Alan Partridge I'm Alan Partridge is a 1997 BBC situation comedy starring Steve Coogan and written by Coogan, Peter Baynham and Armando Iannucci. It features Alan Partridge, a tactless and inept radio DJ, after he has been left by his wife and dropped from the BBC. The show follows Partridge as he lives in a roadside hotel, presents a graveyard slot on Norwich local radio, and desperately pitches ideas for new television shows. A second series followed in 2002, with Partridge now living in a static caravan after recovering from a mental breakdown. Iannucci said the writers used the sitcom as \"a kind of social X-ray of male middle-aged Middle England. \" Twelve episodes were produced. Supporting Coogan are Felicity Montagu as his faithful but timid personal assistant, Lynn Benfield; Simon Greenall as Geordie handyman Michael; and Phil Cornwell as Partridge's rival DJ Dave Clifton. The series was nominated for three BAFTAs (winning two), two British Comedy Awards (winning both), and a Royal Television Society award. In a list drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted by industry professionals, \"I'm Alan Partridge\" was named the 38th-best British television series of all time. The main character of the series, Alan Partridge, a former host on \"Knowing Me, Knowing You... with Alan Partridge\" on BBC television, was dismissed from the BBC partly for punching Chief Commissioning Editor Tony Hayers in the face with a stuffed partridge and partly because his programmes were of a low standard, delivering ever-declining ratings. In series one he is divorced from his wife Carol, lives in the Linton Travel Tavern and is reduced to working the graveyard shift on Radio Norwich whilst desperately trying to get back on television in any capacity.", "Alan Partridge: Alpha Papa Alan Partridge: Alpha Papa (released as Alan Partridge in the United States) is a 2013 British action comedy film starring Steve Coogan reprising his role as Alan Partridge, a fictional presenter he has played on various BBC radio and television shows since 1991, and Colm Meaney as Pat Farrell. The film was directed by Declan Lowney and written by Coogan, Armando Iannucci, Peter Baynham and Neil and Rob Gibbons. Principal photography began on 7 January 2013 in Norwich and Mitcham, and the film premiered on 24 July 2013. The film was released in Great Britain and Ireland on 7 August 2013 by StudioCanal UK, where it opened at number one in the box office. Magnolia Pictures distributed the film in the United States. The film received a positive reception and grossed $9.8 million on a \u00a34 million budget. It also received a Grand Marnier Fellowship Award nomination for Best Film. A book of the screenplay was published on 21 November 2013. Norwich radio station North Norfolk Digital is bought out by a multinational conglomerate, with staff members facing redundancies. DJ Alan Partridge is not concerned, but fellow DJ Pat Farrell convinces him to gatecrash a board meeting to persuade the new owners not to fire Pat. When Alan discovers that either he or Pat must go, he urges them to fire Pat, and writes \"JUST SACK PAT\" on the room's flip chart. During a company party, Pat enters the station with a shotgun and holds the staff hostage, demanding his job back. The police enlist Alan as a negotiator, and he builds an uneasy rapport with Pat; with Alan's co-presenter Sidekick Simon, the three host a radio show during the siege. Alan daydreams of ending the siege heroically, but cannot bring himself to grab Pat's gun.", "\"The Day Today\", before hosting his own chat show, \"Knowing Me Knowing You with Alan Partridge\". In 1997, Partridge returned in the sitcom \"I'm Alan Partridge\", which was followed by a second series in 2002, and received five BAFTA nominations. Partridge featured in Coogan's 2008 stand-up tour. He revisited the character in two one-off Sky Atlantic specials, including \"\", which received a further two BAFTA nominations, as well as the mockumentary \"Mid Morning Matters with Alan Partridge\". A feature-length film, \"\", was released in 2013. After a 17 year hiatus, the character returned to the BBC in 2019 with the parody magazine/current affairs show \"This Time with Alan Partridge\". In a 2001 poll conducted by Channel 4 Partridge was ranked seventh on their list of the 100 Greatest TV Characters. Coogan still enjoys rewatching and laughing at his Partridge persona. Occasionally, in character as Partridge, Coogan has made some comedic references to Ireland. Coogan has an Irish heritage. The Irish references are widely enjoyed in Ireland, such as the quotable RTE producers meeting in the hotel, and 2019's \"Irish Alan Partridge\" sequence. Paul Calf first began as a character named 'Duncan Disorderly' in Coogan's early stand-up routines. Calf first came to wider public notice in 1993, with several appearances on \"Saturday Zoo\", a late-night variety show presented by Jonathan Ross on Channel 4. Paul has appeared in two video diaries, an episode of \"Coogan's Run\", and in various stand-up performances. He is an unemployed Mancunian wastrel with a particular hatred of students. His catchphrase is \"Bag o' shite\".", "Alan Partridge: Welcome to the Places of My Life Alan Partridge: Welcome to the Places of My Life is one of two one-off Alan Partridge specials commissioned by Sky Atlantic and produced by Baby Cow Productions. It aired on 25 June 2012 and received a BAFTA for Steve Coogan's performance. Alan Partridge (Steve Coogan) takes his viewers on a tour of his beloved home county of Norfolk. He visits various local landmarks, as well as some of his favourite places and also shows parts of his day-to-day life. Partridge begins his program by noting that Norfolk has also been known as \"East Anglia, the plump peninsula, home of The Broads \u2014 although that sounds like a refuge for fallen prostitutes \u2014 Albion's hindquarters, or quite simply, the Wales of the East.\" Although the episode starts off as a local travelogue, events gradually take a darker turn as Partridge's personal life begins to intrude, as it is hinted that he is facing a potential diagnosis of a terminal illness. This prompts a period of reflection and soul-searching on Partridge's part. The new specials were highly anticipated and \"Welcome to the Places of My Life\" was generally well received. Ben Lawrence, writing for \"The Daily Telegraph\", gave the episode 3\u00bd stars out of a possible 5, said \"Egotistical, bombastic, bigoted, insecure, lonely, needy. Partridge remains a brilliant, monstrous, pathetic creation who can still raise a smile in his audience. If Partridge was once merely a figure of fun, he is now a character of true pathos.\" Tim Glanfield of RadioTimes stated \"Sky Atlantic delivers the best Alan Partridge of the 21st Century. \" Welcome to the Places of my Life\" is well observed, carefully constructed and very, very funny.\"", "This Time with Alan Partridge This Time with Alan Partridge is a British television comedy series broadcast on BBC One in early 2019. It stars Steve Coogan as the inept broadcaster Alan Partridge in a spoof of current affairs programmes such as \"The One Show\" and \"Good Morning Britain\". After a series of productions with Sky, \"This Time\" was the first BBC Alan Partridge production since \"I'm Alan Partridge\" ended in 2002\". \" Partridge's co-host is played by Susannah Fielding, and Tim Key and Felicity Montagu reprise their roles as Simon Denton and Partridge's assistant Lynn Benfield respectively. The series received generally favourable reviews. Partridge, played by Steve Coogan, becomes the stand-in presenter of \"This Time\" after the regular co-host falls ill. According to \"the Guardian\", the show features \"Partridgean tirades on everything from hand hygiene (leading him to lurk outside the BBC toilets doing spot-checks on colleagues) to hacking\". Partridge, an inept broadcaster, was created in 1991 by Coogan and Armando Iannucci. Following early Partridge shows such as \"Knowing Me, Knowing You\" and \"I'm Alan Partridge,\" produced by the BBC, \" This Time\" is the first BBC Partridge project following several Sky productions. It was produced by Baby Cow Productions, written by Coogan and the Gibbons brothers, directed by the Gibbons brothers, and produced by Ted Dowd. Coogan felt it was the right time for Partridge to return, and that he might represent the views of Brexit voters. Neil Gibbons said the world of live television presenting had changed since the character's inception: \"If someone fluffed a line or got someone\u2019s name wrong or said something stupid, it was mortifying. But nowadays, those are the sort of people who are given jobs on TV.\""], "answer": {"text": "He is socially inept, often offending his guests, and has an inflated sense of importance and celebrity.", "answer_start": 100}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a241d3b139e345d88a07cff272896969_0_q#1", "question": "What did others think of him?", "rewrite": "What did others think of Alan Partridge?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"The Day Today\", before hosting his own chat show, \"Knowing Me Knowing You with Alan Partridge\". In 1997, Partridge returned in the sitcom \"I'm Alan Partridge\", which was followed by a second series in 2002, and received five BAFTA nominations. Partridge featured in Coogan's 2008 stand-up tour. He revisited the character in two one-off Sky Atlantic specials, including \"\", which received a further two BAFTA nominations, as well as the mockumentary \"Mid Morning Matters with Alan Partridge\". A feature-length film, \"\", was released in 2013. After a 17 year hiatus, the character returned to the BBC in 2019 with the parody magazine/current affairs show \"This Time with Alan Partridge\". In a 2001 poll conducted by Channel 4 Partridge was ranked seventh on their list of the 100 Greatest TV Characters. Coogan still enjoys rewatching and laughing at his Partridge persona. Occasionally, in character as Partridge, Coogan has made some comedic references to Ireland. Coogan has an Irish heritage. The Irish references are widely enjoyed in Ireland, such as the quotable RTE producers meeting in the hotel, and 2019's \"Irish Alan Partridge\" sequence. Paul Calf first began as a character named 'Duncan Disorderly' in Coogan's early stand-up routines. Calf first came to wider public notice in 1993, with several appearances on \"Saturday Zoo\", a late-night variety show presented by Jonathan Ross on Channel 4. Paul has appeared in two video diaries, an episode of \"Coogan's Run\", and in various stand-up performances. He is an unemployed Mancunian wastrel with a particular hatred of students. His catchphrase is \"Bag o' shite\".", "I'm Alan Partridge I'm Alan Partridge is a 1997 BBC situation comedy starring Steve Coogan and written by Coogan, Peter Baynham and Armando Iannucci. It features Alan Partridge, a tactless and inept radio DJ, after he has been left by his wife and dropped from the BBC. The show follows Partridge as he lives in a roadside hotel, presents a graveyard slot on Norwich local radio, and desperately pitches ideas for new television shows. A second series followed in 2002, with Partridge now living in a static caravan after recovering from a mental breakdown. Iannucci said the writers used the sitcom as \"a kind of social X-ray of male middle-aged Middle England. \" Twelve episodes were produced. Supporting Coogan are Felicity Montagu as his faithful but timid personal assistant, Lynn Benfield; Simon Greenall as Geordie handyman Michael; and Phil Cornwell as Partridge's rival DJ Dave Clifton. The series was nominated for three BAFTAs (winning two), two British Comedy Awards (winning both), and a Royal Television Society award. In a list drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted by industry professionals, \"I'm Alan Partridge\" was named the 38th-best British television series of all time. The main character of the series, Alan Partridge, a former host on \"Knowing Me, Knowing You... with Alan Partridge\" on BBC television, was dismissed from the BBC partly for punching Chief Commissioning Editor Tony Hayers in the face with a stuffed partridge and partly because his programmes were of a low standard, delivering ever-declining ratings. In series one he is divorced from his wife Carol, lives in the Linton Travel Tavern and is reduced to working the graveyard shift on Radio Norwich whilst desperately trying to get back on television in any capacity.", "This Time with Alan Partridge This Time with Alan Partridge is a British television comedy series broadcast on BBC One in early 2019. It stars Steve Coogan as the inept broadcaster Alan Partridge in a spoof of current affairs programmes such as \"The One Show\" and \"Good Morning Britain\". After a series of productions with Sky, \"This Time\" was the first BBC Alan Partridge production since \"I'm Alan Partridge\" ended in 2002\". \" Partridge's co-host is played by Susannah Fielding, and Tim Key and Felicity Montagu reprise their roles as Simon Denton and Partridge's assistant Lynn Benfield respectively. The series received generally favourable reviews. Partridge, played by Steve Coogan, becomes the stand-in presenter of \"This Time\" after the regular co-host falls ill. According to \"the Guardian\", the show features \"Partridgean tirades on everything from hand hygiene (leading him to lurk outside the BBC toilets doing spot-checks on colleagues) to hacking\". Partridge, an inept broadcaster, was created in 1991 by Coogan and Armando Iannucci. Following early Partridge shows such as \"Knowing Me, Knowing You\" and \"I'm Alan Partridge,\" produced by the BBC, \" This Time\" is the first BBC Partridge project following several Sky productions. It was produced by Baby Cow Productions, written by Coogan and the Gibbons brothers, directed by the Gibbons brothers, and produced by Ted Dowd. Coogan felt it was the right time for Partridge to return, and that he might represent the views of Brexit voters. Neil Gibbons said the world of live television presenting had changed since the character's inception: \"If someone fluffed a line or got someone\u2019s name wrong or said something stupid, it was mortifying. But nowadays, those are the sort of people who are given jobs on TV.\"", "Alan Partridge: Alpha Papa Alan Partridge: Alpha Papa (released as Alan Partridge in the United States) is a 2013 British action comedy film starring Steve Coogan reprising his role as Alan Partridge, a fictional presenter he has played on various BBC radio and television shows since 1991, and Colm Meaney as Pat Farrell. The film was directed by Declan Lowney and written by Coogan, Armando Iannucci, Peter Baynham and Neil and Rob Gibbons. Principal photography began on 7 January 2013 in Norwich and Mitcham, and the film premiered on 24 July 2013. The film was released in Great Britain and Ireland on 7 August 2013 by StudioCanal UK, where it opened at number one in the box office. Magnolia Pictures distributed the film in the United States. The film received a positive reception and grossed $9.8 million on a \u00a34 million budget. It also received a Grand Marnier Fellowship Award nomination for Best Film. A book of the screenplay was published on 21 November 2013. Norwich radio station North Norfolk Digital is bought out by a multinational conglomerate, with staff members facing redundancies. DJ Alan Partridge is not concerned, but fellow DJ Pat Farrell convinces him to gatecrash a board meeting to persuade the new owners not to fire Pat. When Alan discovers that either he or Pat must go, he urges them to fire Pat, and writes \"JUST SACK PAT\" on the room's flip chart. During a company party, Pat enters the station with a shotgun and holds the staff hostage, demanding his job back. The police enlist Alan as a negotiator, and he builds an uneasy rapport with Pat; with Alan's co-presenter Sidekick Simon, the three host a radio show during the siege. Alan daydreams of ending the siege heroically, but cannot bring himself to grab Pat's gun.", "Alan Partridge: Welcome to the Places of My Life Alan Partridge: Welcome to the Places of My Life is one of two one-off Alan Partridge specials commissioned by Sky Atlantic and produced by Baby Cow Productions. It aired on 25 June 2012 and received a BAFTA for Steve Coogan's performance. Alan Partridge (Steve Coogan) takes his viewers on a tour of his beloved home county of Norfolk. He visits various local landmarks, as well as some of his favourite places and also shows parts of his day-to-day life. Partridge begins his program by noting that Norfolk has also been known as \"East Anglia, the plump peninsula, home of The Broads \u2014 although that sounds like a refuge for fallen prostitutes \u2014 Albion's hindquarters, or quite simply, the Wales of the East.\" Although the episode starts off as a local travelogue, events gradually take a darker turn as Partridge's personal life begins to intrude, as it is hinted that he is facing a potential diagnosis of a terminal illness. This prompts a period of reflection and soul-searching on Partridge's part. The new specials were highly anticipated and \"Welcome to the Places of My Life\" was generally well received. Ben Lawrence, writing for \"The Daily Telegraph\", gave the episode 3\u00bd stars out of a possible 5, said \"Egotistical, bombastic, bigoted, insecure, lonely, needy. Partridge remains a brilliant, monstrous, pathetic creation who can still raise a smile in his audience. If Partridge was once merely a figure of fun, he is now a character of true pathos.\" Tim Glanfield of RadioTimes stated \"Sky Atlantic delivers the best Alan Partridge of the 21st Century. \" Welcome to the Places of my Life\" is well observed, carefully constructed and very, very funny.\""], "answer": {"text": "Felicity Montagu, who plays Partridge's assistant Lynn, felt he was a good person \"deep down\" and actually \"vulnerable and lovable\".", "answer_start": 979}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was special about Alan Partridge?", "answer": {"text": "He is socially inept, often offending his guests, and has an inflated sense of importance and celebrity.", "answer_start": 100, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a241d3b139e345d88a07cff272896969_0_q#2", "question": "What else was interesting about his character?", "rewrite": "Besides being \"vulnerable and lovable\", what else was interesting about Alan Partridge?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Alan Partridge: Alpha Papa Alan Partridge: Alpha Papa (released as Alan Partridge in the United States) is a 2013 British action comedy film starring Steve Coogan reprising his role as Alan Partridge, a fictional presenter he has played on various BBC radio and television shows since 1991, and Colm Meaney as Pat Farrell. The film was directed by Declan Lowney and written by Coogan, Armando Iannucci, Peter Baynham and Neil and Rob Gibbons. Principal photography began on 7 January 2013 in Norwich and Mitcham, and the film premiered on 24 July 2013. The film was released in Great Britain and Ireland on 7 August 2013 by StudioCanal UK, where it opened at number one in the box office. Magnolia Pictures distributed the film in the United States. The film received a positive reception and grossed $9.8 million on a \u00a34 million budget. It also received a Grand Marnier Fellowship Award nomination for Best Film. A book of the screenplay was published on 21 November 2013. Norwich radio station North Norfolk Digital is bought out by a multinational conglomerate, with staff members facing redundancies. DJ Alan Partridge is not concerned, but fellow DJ Pat Farrell convinces him to gatecrash a board meeting to persuade the new owners not to fire Pat. When Alan discovers that either he or Pat must go, he urges them to fire Pat, and writes \"JUST SACK PAT\" on the room's flip chart. During a company party, Pat enters the station with a shotgun and holds the staff hostage, demanding his job back. The police enlist Alan as a negotiator, and he builds an uneasy rapport with Pat; with Alan's co-presenter Sidekick Simon, the three host a radio show during the siege. Alan daydreams of ending the siege heroically, but cannot bring himself to grab Pat's gun.", "\"The Day Today\", before hosting his own chat show, \"Knowing Me Knowing You with Alan Partridge\". In 1997, Partridge returned in the sitcom \"I'm Alan Partridge\", which was followed by a second series in 2002, and received five BAFTA nominations. Partridge featured in Coogan's 2008 stand-up tour. He revisited the character in two one-off Sky Atlantic specials, including \"\", which received a further two BAFTA nominations, as well as the mockumentary \"Mid Morning Matters with Alan Partridge\". A feature-length film, \"\", was released in 2013. After a 17 year hiatus, the character returned to the BBC in 2019 with the parody magazine/current affairs show \"This Time with Alan Partridge\". In a 2001 poll conducted by Channel 4 Partridge was ranked seventh on their list of the 100 Greatest TV Characters. Coogan still enjoys rewatching and laughing at his Partridge persona. Occasionally, in character as Partridge, Coogan has made some comedic references to Ireland. Coogan has an Irish heritage. The Irish references are widely enjoyed in Ireland, such as the quotable RTE producers meeting in the hotel, and 2019's \"Irish Alan Partridge\" sequence. Paul Calf first began as a character named 'Duncan Disorderly' in Coogan's early stand-up routines. Calf first came to wider public notice in 1993, with several appearances on \"Saturday Zoo\", a late-night variety show presented by Jonathan Ross on Channel 4. Paul has appeared in two video diaries, an episode of \"Coogan's Run\", and in various stand-up performances. He is an unemployed Mancunian wastrel with a particular hatred of students. His catchphrase is \"Bag o' shite\".", "Alan Partridge: Welcome to the Places of My Life Alan Partridge: Welcome to the Places of My Life is one of two one-off Alan Partridge specials commissioned by Sky Atlantic and produced by Baby Cow Productions. It aired on 25 June 2012 and received a BAFTA for Steve Coogan's performance. Alan Partridge (Steve Coogan) takes his viewers on a tour of his beloved home county of Norfolk. He visits various local landmarks, as well as some of his favourite places and also shows parts of his day-to-day life. Partridge begins his program by noting that Norfolk has also been known as \"East Anglia, the plump peninsula, home of The Broads \u2014 although that sounds like a refuge for fallen prostitutes \u2014 Albion's hindquarters, or quite simply, the Wales of the East.\" Although the episode starts off as a local travelogue, events gradually take a darker turn as Partridge's personal life begins to intrude, as it is hinted that he is facing a potential diagnosis of a terminal illness. This prompts a period of reflection and soul-searching on Partridge's part. The new specials were highly anticipated and \"Welcome to the Places of My Life\" was generally well received. Ben Lawrence, writing for \"The Daily Telegraph\", gave the episode 3\u00bd stars out of a possible 5, said \"Egotistical, bombastic, bigoted, insecure, lonely, needy. Partridge remains a brilliant, monstrous, pathetic creation who can still raise a smile in his audience. If Partridge was once merely a figure of fun, he is now a character of true pathos.\" Tim Glanfield of RadioTimes stated \"Sky Atlantic delivers the best Alan Partridge of the 21st Century. \" Welcome to the Places of my Life\" is well observed, carefully constructed and very, very funny.\"", "I'm Alan Partridge I'm Alan Partridge is a 1997 BBC situation comedy starring Steve Coogan and written by Coogan, Peter Baynham and Armando Iannucci. It features Alan Partridge, a tactless and inept radio DJ, after he has been left by his wife and dropped from the BBC. The show follows Partridge as he lives in a roadside hotel, presents a graveyard slot on Norwich local radio, and desperately pitches ideas for new television shows. A second series followed in 2002, with Partridge now living in a static caravan after recovering from a mental breakdown. Iannucci said the writers used the sitcom as \"a kind of social X-ray of male middle-aged Middle England. \" Twelve episodes were produced. Supporting Coogan are Felicity Montagu as his faithful but timid personal assistant, Lynn Benfield; Simon Greenall as Geordie handyman Michael; and Phil Cornwell as Partridge's rival DJ Dave Clifton. The series was nominated for three BAFTAs (winning two), two British Comedy Awards (winning both), and a Royal Television Society award. In a list drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted by industry professionals, \"I'm Alan Partridge\" was named the 38th-best British television series of all time. The main character of the series, Alan Partridge, a former host on \"Knowing Me, Knowing You... with Alan Partridge\" on BBC television, was dismissed from the BBC partly for punching Chief Commissioning Editor Tony Hayers in the face with a stuffed partridge and partly because his programmes were of a low standard, delivering ever-declining ratings. In series one he is divorced from his wife Carol, lives in the Linton Travel Tavern and is reduced to working the graveyard shift on Radio Norwich whilst desperately trying to get back on television in any capacity.", "This Time with Alan Partridge This Time with Alan Partridge is a British television comedy series broadcast on BBC One in early 2019. It stars Steve Coogan as the inept broadcaster Alan Partridge in a spoof of current affairs programmes such as \"The One Show\" and \"Good Morning Britain\". After a series of productions with Sky, \"This Time\" was the first BBC Alan Partridge production since \"I'm Alan Partridge\" ended in 2002\". \" Partridge's co-host is played by Susannah Fielding, and Tim Key and Felicity Montagu reprise their roles as Simon Denton and Partridge's assistant Lynn Benfield respectively. The series received generally favourable reviews. Partridge, played by Steve Coogan, becomes the stand-in presenter of \"This Time\" after the regular co-host falls ill. According to \"the Guardian\", the show features \"Partridgean tirades on everything from hand hygiene (leading him to lurk outside the BBC toilets doing spot-checks on colleagues) to hacking\". Partridge, an inept broadcaster, was created in 1991 by Coogan and Armando Iannucci. Following early Partridge shows such as \"Knowing Me, Knowing You\" and \"I'm Alan Partridge,\" produced by the BBC, \" This Time\" is the first BBC Partridge project following several Sky productions. It was produced by Baby Cow Productions, written by Coogan and the Gibbons brothers, directed by the Gibbons brothers, and produced by Ted Dowd. Coogan felt it was the right time for Partridge to return, and that he might represent the views of Brexit voters. Neil Gibbons said the world of live television presenting had changed since the character's inception: \"If someone fluffed a line or got someone\u2019s name wrong or said something stupid, it was mortifying. But nowadays, those are the sort of people who are given jobs on TV.\""], "answer": {"text": "His need for public attention drives him to deceit, treachery and shameless self-promotion, and sometimes violence;", "answer_start": 474}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was special about Alan Partridge?", "answer": {"text": "He is socially inept, often offending his guests, and has an inflated sense of importance and celebrity.", "answer_start": 100, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did others think of him?", "answer": {"text": "Felicity Montagu, who plays Partridge's assistant Lynn, felt he was a good person \"deep down\" and actually \"vulnerable and lovable\".", "answer_start": 979, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a241d3b139e345d88a07cff272896969_0_q#3", "question": "Was there more to his character?", "rewrite": "Was there more to the character, Alan Partridge?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Alan Partridge: Alpha Papa Alan Partridge: Alpha Papa (released as Alan Partridge in the United States) is a 2013 British action comedy film starring Steve Coogan reprising his role as Alan Partridge, a fictional presenter he has played on various BBC radio and television shows since 1991, and Colm Meaney as Pat Farrell. The film was directed by Declan Lowney and written by Coogan, Armando Iannucci, Peter Baynham and Neil and Rob Gibbons. Principal photography began on 7 January 2013 in Norwich and Mitcham, and the film premiered on 24 July 2013. The film was released in Great Britain and Ireland on 7 August 2013 by StudioCanal UK, where it opened at number one in the box office. Magnolia Pictures distributed the film in the United States. The film received a positive reception and grossed $9.8 million on a \u00a34 million budget. It also received a Grand Marnier Fellowship Award nomination for Best Film. A book of the screenplay was published on 21 November 2013. Norwich radio station North Norfolk Digital is bought out by a multinational conglomerate, with staff members facing redundancies. DJ Alan Partridge is not concerned, but fellow DJ Pat Farrell convinces him to gatecrash a board meeting to persuade the new owners not to fire Pat. When Alan discovers that either he or Pat must go, he urges them to fire Pat, and writes \"JUST SACK PAT\" on the room's flip chart. During a company party, Pat enters the station with a shotgun and holds the staff hostage, demanding his job back. The police enlist Alan as a negotiator, and he builds an uneasy rapport with Pat; with Alan's co-presenter Sidekick Simon, the three host a radio show during the siege. Alan daydreams of ending the siege heroically, but cannot bring himself to grab Pat's gun.", "I'm Alan Partridge I'm Alan Partridge is a 1997 BBC situation comedy starring Steve Coogan and written by Coogan, Peter Baynham and Armando Iannucci. It features Alan Partridge, a tactless and inept radio DJ, after he has been left by his wife and dropped from the BBC. The show follows Partridge as he lives in a roadside hotel, presents a graveyard slot on Norwich local radio, and desperately pitches ideas for new television shows. A second series followed in 2002, with Partridge now living in a static caravan after recovering from a mental breakdown. Iannucci said the writers used the sitcom as \"a kind of social X-ray of male middle-aged Middle England. \" Twelve episodes were produced. Supporting Coogan are Felicity Montagu as his faithful but timid personal assistant, Lynn Benfield; Simon Greenall as Geordie handyman Michael; and Phil Cornwell as Partridge's rival DJ Dave Clifton. The series was nominated for three BAFTAs (winning two), two British Comedy Awards (winning both), and a Royal Television Society award. In a list drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted by industry professionals, \"I'm Alan Partridge\" was named the 38th-best British television series of all time. The main character of the series, Alan Partridge, a former host on \"Knowing Me, Knowing You... with Alan Partridge\" on BBC television, was dismissed from the BBC partly for punching Chief Commissioning Editor Tony Hayers in the face with a stuffed partridge and partly because his programmes were of a low standard, delivering ever-declining ratings. In series one he is divorced from his wife Carol, lives in the Linton Travel Tavern and is reduced to working the graveyard shift on Radio Norwich whilst desperately trying to get back on television in any capacity.", "Alan Partridge: Welcome to the Places of My Life Alan Partridge: Welcome to the Places of My Life is one of two one-off Alan Partridge specials commissioned by Sky Atlantic and produced by Baby Cow Productions. It aired on 25 June 2012 and received a BAFTA for Steve Coogan's performance. Alan Partridge (Steve Coogan) takes his viewers on a tour of his beloved home county of Norfolk. He visits various local landmarks, as well as some of his favourite places and also shows parts of his day-to-day life. Partridge begins his program by noting that Norfolk has also been known as \"East Anglia, the plump peninsula, home of The Broads \u2014 although that sounds like a refuge for fallen prostitutes \u2014 Albion's hindquarters, or quite simply, the Wales of the East.\" Although the episode starts off as a local travelogue, events gradually take a darker turn as Partridge's personal life begins to intrude, as it is hinted that he is facing a potential diagnosis of a terminal illness. This prompts a period of reflection and soul-searching on Partridge's part. The new specials were highly anticipated and \"Welcome to the Places of My Life\" was generally well received. Ben Lawrence, writing for \"The Daily Telegraph\", gave the episode 3\u00bd stars out of a possible 5, said \"Egotistical, bombastic, bigoted, insecure, lonely, needy. Partridge remains a brilliant, monstrous, pathetic creation who can still raise a smile in his audience. If Partridge was once merely a figure of fun, he is now a character of true pathos.\" Tim Glanfield of RadioTimes stated \"Sky Atlantic delivers the best Alan Partridge of the 21st Century. \" Welcome to the Places of my Life\" is well observed, carefully constructed and very, very funny.\"", "\"The Day Today\", before hosting his own chat show, \"Knowing Me Knowing You with Alan Partridge\". In 1997, Partridge returned in the sitcom \"I'm Alan Partridge\", which was followed by a second series in 2002, and received five BAFTA nominations. Partridge featured in Coogan's 2008 stand-up tour. He revisited the character in two one-off Sky Atlantic specials, including \"\", which received a further two BAFTA nominations, as well as the mockumentary \"Mid Morning Matters with Alan Partridge\". A feature-length film, \"\", was released in 2013. After a 17 year hiatus, the character returned to the BBC in 2019 with the parody magazine/current affairs show \"This Time with Alan Partridge\". In a 2001 poll conducted by Channel 4 Partridge was ranked seventh on their list of the 100 Greatest TV Characters. Coogan still enjoys rewatching and laughing at his Partridge persona. Occasionally, in character as Partridge, Coogan has made some comedic references to Ireland. Coogan has an Irish heritage. The Irish references are widely enjoyed in Ireland, such as the quotable RTE producers meeting in the hotel, and 2019's \"Irish Alan Partridge\" sequence. Paul Calf first began as a character named 'Duncan Disorderly' in Coogan's early stand-up routines. Calf first came to wider public notice in 1993, with several appearances on \"Saturday Zoo\", a late-night variety show presented by Jonathan Ross on Channel 4. Paul has appeared in two video diaries, an episode of \"Coogan's Run\", and in various stand-up performances. He is an unemployed Mancunian wastrel with a particular hatred of students. His catchphrase is \"Bag o' shite\".", "This Time with Alan Partridge This Time with Alan Partridge is a British television comedy series broadcast on BBC One in early 2019. It stars Steve Coogan as the inept broadcaster Alan Partridge in a spoof of current affairs programmes such as \"The One Show\" and \"Good Morning Britain\". After a series of productions with Sky, \"This Time\" was the first BBC Alan Partridge production since \"I'm Alan Partridge\" ended in 2002\". \" Partridge's co-host is played by Susannah Fielding, and Tim Key and Felicity Montagu reprise their roles as Simon Denton and Partridge's assistant Lynn Benfield respectively. The series received generally favourable reviews. Partridge, played by Steve Coogan, becomes the stand-in presenter of \"This Time\" after the regular co-host falls ill. According to \"the Guardian\", the show features \"Partridgean tirades on everything from hand hygiene (leading him to lurk outside the BBC toilets doing spot-checks on colleagues) to hacking\". Partridge, an inept broadcaster, was created in 1991 by Coogan and Armando Iannucci. Following early Partridge shows such as \"Knowing Me, Knowing You\" and \"I'm Alan Partridge,\" produced by the BBC, \" This Time\" is the first BBC Partridge project following several Sky productions. It was produced by Baby Cow Productions, written by Coogan and the Gibbons brothers, directed by the Gibbons brothers, and produced by Ted Dowd. Coogan felt it was the right time for Partridge to return, and that he might represent the views of Brexit voters. Neil Gibbons said the world of live television presenting had changed since the character's inception: \"If someone fluffed a line or got someone\u2019s name wrong or said something stupid, it was mortifying. But nowadays, those are the sort of people who are given jobs on TV.\""], "answer": {"text": "Earlier versions of the character were more bigoted, but the writers found there was more humour in having him attempt to be liberal;", "answer_start": 981}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was special about Alan Partridge?", "answer": {"text": "He is socially inept, often offending his guests, and has an inflated sense of importance and celebrity.", "answer_start": 100, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did others think of him?", "answer": {"text": "Felicity Montagu, who plays Partridge's assistant Lynn, felt he was a good person \"deep down\" and actually \"vulnerable and lovable\".", "answer_start": 979, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What else was interesting about his character?", "answer": {"text": "His need for public attention drives him to deceit, treachery and shameless self-promotion, and sometimes violence;", "answer_start": 474, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a241d3b139e345d88a07cff272896969_0_q#4", "question": "Did his character change in other ways?", "rewrite": "Other than changing him from bigoted to liberal, did Alan Partridge change in other ways?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["I'm Alan Partridge I'm Alan Partridge is a 1997 BBC situation comedy starring Steve Coogan and written by Coogan, Peter Baynham and Armando Iannucci. It features Alan Partridge, a tactless and inept radio DJ, after he has been left by his wife and dropped from the BBC. The show follows Partridge as he lives in a roadside hotel, presents a graveyard slot on Norwich local radio, and desperately pitches ideas for new television shows. A second series followed in 2002, with Partridge now living in a static caravan after recovering from a mental breakdown. Iannucci said the writers used the sitcom as \"a kind of social X-ray of male middle-aged Middle England. \" Twelve episodes were produced. Supporting Coogan are Felicity Montagu as his faithful but timid personal assistant, Lynn Benfield; Simon Greenall as Geordie handyman Michael; and Phil Cornwell as Partridge's rival DJ Dave Clifton. The series was nominated for three BAFTAs (winning two), two British Comedy Awards (winning both), and a Royal Television Society award. In a list drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted by industry professionals, \"I'm Alan Partridge\" was named the 38th-best British television series of all time. The main character of the series, Alan Partridge, a former host on \"Knowing Me, Knowing You... with Alan Partridge\" on BBC television, was dismissed from the BBC partly for punching Chief Commissioning Editor Tony Hayers in the face with a stuffed partridge and partly because his programmes were of a low standard, delivering ever-declining ratings. In series one he is divorced from his wife Carol, lives in the Linton Travel Tavern and is reduced to working the graveyard shift on Radio Norwich whilst desperately trying to get back on television in any capacity.", "\"The Day Today\", before hosting his own chat show, \"Knowing Me Knowing You with Alan Partridge\". In 1997, Partridge returned in the sitcom \"I'm Alan Partridge\", which was followed by a second series in 2002, and received five BAFTA nominations. Partridge featured in Coogan's 2008 stand-up tour. He revisited the character in two one-off Sky Atlantic specials, including \"\", which received a further two BAFTA nominations, as well as the mockumentary \"Mid Morning Matters with Alan Partridge\". A feature-length film, \"\", was released in 2013. After a 17 year hiatus, the character returned to the BBC in 2019 with the parody magazine/current affairs show \"This Time with Alan Partridge\". In a 2001 poll conducted by Channel 4 Partridge was ranked seventh on their list of the 100 Greatest TV Characters. Coogan still enjoys rewatching and laughing at his Partridge persona. Occasionally, in character as Partridge, Coogan has made some comedic references to Ireland. Coogan has an Irish heritage. The Irish references are widely enjoyed in Ireland, such as the quotable RTE producers meeting in the hotel, and 2019's \"Irish Alan Partridge\" sequence. Paul Calf first began as a character named 'Duncan Disorderly' in Coogan's early stand-up routines. Calf first came to wider public notice in 1993, with several appearances on \"Saturday Zoo\", a late-night variety show presented by Jonathan Ross on Channel 4. Paul has appeared in two video diaries, an episode of \"Coogan's Run\", and in various stand-up performances. He is an unemployed Mancunian wastrel with a particular hatred of students. His catchphrase is \"Bag o' shite\".", "Alan Partridge: Alpha Papa Alan Partridge: Alpha Papa (released as Alan Partridge in the United States) is a 2013 British action comedy film starring Steve Coogan reprising his role as Alan Partridge, a fictional presenter he has played on various BBC radio and television shows since 1991, and Colm Meaney as Pat Farrell. The film was directed by Declan Lowney and written by Coogan, Armando Iannucci, Peter Baynham and Neil and Rob Gibbons. Principal photography began on 7 January 2013 in Norwich and Mitcham, and the film premiered on 24 July 2013. The film was released in Great Britain and Ireland on 7 August 2013 by StudioCanal UK, where it opened at number one in the box office. Magnolia Pictures distributed the film in the United States. The film received a positive reception and grossed $9.8 million on a \u00a34 million budget. It also received a Grand Marnier Fellowship Award nomination for Best Film. A book of the screenplay was published on 21 November 2013. Norwich radio station North Norfolk Digital is bought out by a multinational conglomerate, with staff members facing redundancies. DJ Alan Partridge is not concerned, but fellow DJ Pat Farrell convinces him to gatecrash a board meeting to persuade the new owners not to fire Pat. When Alan discovers that either he or Pat must go, he urges them to fire Pat, and writes \"JUST SACK PAT\" on the room's flip chart. During a company party, Pat enters the station with a shotgun and holds the staff hostage, demanding his job back. The police enlist Alan as a negotiator, and he builds an uneasy rapport with Pat; with Alan's co-presenter Sidekick Simon, the three host a radio show during the siege. Alan daydreams of ending the siege heroically, but cannot bring himself to grab Pat's gun.", "Alan Partridge: Welcome to the Places of My Life Alan Partridge: Welcome to the Places of My Life is one of two one-off Alan Partridge specials commissioned by Sky Atlantic and produced by Baby Cow Productions. It aired on 25 June 2012 and received a BAFTA for Steve Coogan's performance. Alan Partridge (Steve Coogan) takes his viewers on a tour of his beloved home county of Norfolk. He visits various local landmarks, as well as some of his favourite places and also shows parts of his day-to-day life. Partridge begins his program by noting that Norfolk has also been known as \"East Anglia, the plump peninsula, home of The Broads \u2014 although that sounds like a refuge for fallen prostitutes \u2014 Albion's hindquarters, or quite simply, the Wales of the East.\" Although the episode starts off as a local travelogue, events gradually take a darker turn as Partridge's personal life begins to intrude, as it is hinted that he is facing a potential diagnosis of a terminal illness. This prompts a period of reflection and soul-searching on Partridge's part. The new specials were highly anticipated and \"Welcome to the Places of My Life\" was generally well received. Ben Lawrence, writing for \"The Daily Telegraph\", gave the episode 3\u00bd stars out of a possible 5, said \"Egotistical, bombastic, bigoted, insecure, lonely, needy. Partridge remains a brilliant, monstrous, pathetic creation who can still raise a smile in his audience. If Partridge was once merely a figure of fun, he is now a character of true pathos.\" Tim Glanfield of RadioTimes stated \"Sky Atlantic delivers the best Alan Partridge of the 21st Century. \" Welcome to the Places of my Life\" is well observed, carefully constructed and very, very funny.\"", "This Time with Alan Partridge This Time with Alan Partridge is a British television comedy series broadcast on BBC One in early 2019. It stars Steve Coogan as the inept broadcaster Alan Partridge in a spoof of current affairs programmes such as \"The One Show\" and \"Good Morning Britain\". After a series of productions with Sky, \"This Time\" was the first BBC Alan Partridge production since \"I'm Alan Partridge\" ended in 2002\". \" Partridge's co-host is played by Susannah Fielding, and Tim Key and Felicity Montagu reprise their roles as Simon Denton and Partridge's assistant Lynn Benfield respectively. The series received generally favourable reviews. Partridge, played by Steve Coogan, becomes the stand-in presenter of \"This Time\" after the regular co-host falls ill. According to \"the Guardian\", the show features \"Partridgean tirades on everything from hand hygiene (leading him to lurk outside the BBC toilets doing spot-checks on colleagues) to hacking\". Partridge, an inept broadcaster, was created in 1991 by Coogan and Armando Iannucci. Following early Partridge shows such as \"Knowing Me, Knowing You\" and \"I'm Alan Partridge,\" produced by the BBC, \" This Time\" is the first BBC Partridge project following several Sky productions. It was produced by Baby Cow Productions, written by Coogan and the Gibbons brothers, directed by the Gibbons brothers, and produced by Ted Dowd. Coogan felt it was the right time for Partridge to return, and that he might represent the views of Brexit voters. Neil Gibbons said the world of live television presenting had changed since the character's inception: \"If someone fluffed a line or got someone\u2019s name wrong or said something stupid, it was mortifying. But nowadays, those are the sort of people who are given jobs on TV.\""], "answer": {"text": "by the time of Alpha Papa his wardrobe had \"evolved to the Top Gear Presenter Circa 2005 stage\",", "answer_start": 453}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was special about Alan Partridge?", "answer": {"text": "He is socially inept, often offending his guests, and has an inflated sense of importance and celebrity.", "answer_start": 100, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did others think of him?", "answer": {"text": "Felicity Montagu, who plays Partridge's assistant Lynn, felt he was a good person \"deep down\" and actually \"vulnerable and lovable\".", "answer_start": 979, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What else was interesting about his character?", "answer": {"text": "His need for public attention drives him to deceit, treachery and shameless self-promotion, and sometimes violence;", "answer_start": 474, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there more to his character?", "answer": {"text": "Earlier versions of the character were more bigoted, but the writers found there was more humour in having him attempt to be liberal;", "answer_start": 981, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0735e63bb67b49b9897e540f109ec967_0_q#0", "question": "What did Shockley's semiconductor do?", "rewrite": "What did Shockley's semiconductor do?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Because Shockley's aging mother lived in Palo Alto, Shockley wanted to establish the laboratory in nearby Mountain View, California. Frederick Terman, provost at Stanford University, offered the firm space in Stanford's new industrial park. The firm launched in February 1956, the same year that Shockley received the Nobel Prize in Physics along with John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\". Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory was the first establishment working on silicon semiconductor devices in what came to be known as Silicon Valley. Shockley, however, lacked experience in business and industrial management. Moreover, he decided that the lab would research an invention of his own, the four-layer diode, rather than developing the diffused silicon transistor that he and Beckman had agreed upon. Beckman was reassured by his engineers that the scientific ideas behind Shockley's project were still sound. When appealed to by members of Shockley's lab, Beckman chose not to interfere with its management. In 1957, eight leading scientists including Gordon Moore and Robert Noyce left Shockley's group to form a competing startup, Fairchild Semiconductor, which would successfully develop silicon transistors. In 1960, Beckman sold the Shockley subsidiary to the Clevite Transistor Company, ending his formal association with semiconductors. Nonetheless, Beckman had been an essential backer of the new industry in its initial stages. Beckman also saw that computers and automation offered a myriad of opportunities for integration into instruments, and the development of new instruments. Beckman Instruments purchased Berkeley Scientific Company in the 1950s, and later developed a Systems Division within Beckman Instruments \"to develop and build industrial data systems for automation\".", "Fairchild Semiconductor Fairchild Semiconductor International, Inc. was an American semiconductor company based in San Jose, California. Founded in 1957 as a division of Fairchild Camera and Instrument, it became a pioneer in the manufacturing of transistors and of integrated circuits. Schlumberger bought the firm in 1979 and sold it to National Semiconductor in 1987; Fairchild was spun off as an independent company again in 1997. In September 2016, Fairchild was acquired by ON Semiconductor. The company has locations in the United States at San Jose, California; South Portland, Maine; West Jordan, Utah; and Mountaintop, Pennsylvania. Outside the U.S. it operates locations in Singapore; Bucheon, South Korea; Penang, Malaysia; Suzhou, China; and Cebu, Philippines, among others. In 1956, William Shockley opened Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory as a division of Beckman Instruments in Mountain View, California; his plan was to develop a new type of \"4-layer diode\" that would work faster and have more uses than then-current transistors. At first he attempted to hire some of his former colleagues from Bell Labs, but none were willing to move to the West Coast or work with Shockley again at that time. Shockley then founded the core of the new company with what he considered the best and brightest graduates coming out of American engineering schools. While Shockley was effective as a recruiter, he was less effective as a manager. A core group of Shockley employees, later known as the traitorous eight, became unhappy with his management of the company. The eight men were Julius Blank, Victor Grinich, Jean Hoerni, Eugene Kleiner, Jay Last, Gordon Moore, Robert Noyce, and Sheldon Roberts. Looking for funding on their own project, they turned to Sherman Fairchild's Fairchild Camera and Instrument, an Eastern U.S. company with considerable military contracts.", "Astronomer George O. Abell (BS 1951, MS 1952, PhD 1957) while a grad student at Cal Tech participated in the National Geographic Society-Palomar Sky Survey. This ultimately resulted in the publication of the \"Abell Catalogue of Clusters of Galaxies,\" the definitive work in the field. Undergraduate alumni founded, or co-founded, companies such as LCD manufacturer Varitronix, Hotmail, Compaq, and MathWorks (which created Matlab), while graduate students founded, or co-founded, companies such as Intel, TRW, and the non-profit educational organization, the Exploratorium. Arnold Beckman (PhD 1928) invented the pH meter and commercialized it with the founding of Beckman Instruments. His success with that company enabled him to provide seed funding for William Shockley (BS 1932), who had co-invented semiconductor transistors and wanted to commercialize them. Shockley became the founding Director of the Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory division of Beckman Instruments. Shockley had previously worked at Bell Labs, whose first president was another alumnus, Frank Jewett (BS 1898). Because his aging mother lived in Palo Alto, California, Shockley established his laboratory near her in Mountain View, California. Shockley was a co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics in 1956, but his aggressive management style and odd personality at the Shockley Lab became unbearable. In late 1957, eight of his researchers resigned and with support from Sherman Fairchild formed Fairchild Semiconductor. Among the \"traitorous eight\" was Gordon E. Moore (PhD 1954), who later left Fairchild to co-found Intel. Other offspring companies of Fairchild Semiconductor include National Semiconductor and Advanced Micro Devices, which in turn spawned more technology companies in the area.", "Traitorous eight The traitorous eight was a group of eight employees who left Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in 1957 to found Fairchild Semiconductor. William Shockley had in 1956 recruited a group of young PhD graduates with the goal to develop and produce new semiconductor devices. While Shockley had received a Nobel Prize in Physics and was an experienced researcher and teacher, his management of the group was authoritarian and unpopular. This was accentuated by Shockley's research focus not proving fruitful. After the demand for Shockley to be replaced was rebuffed, the eight left to form their own company. Shockley described their leaving as a \"betrayal\". The eight who left Shockley Semiconductor were Julius Blank, Victor Grinich, Jean Hoerni, Eugene Kleiner, Jay Last, Gordon Moore, Robert Noyce, and Sheldon Roberts. In August 1957, they reached an agreement with Sherman Fairchild, and on September 18, 1957, they formed Fairchild Semiconductor. The newly founded Fairchild Semiconductor soon grew into a leader of the semiconductor industry. In 1960, it became an incubator of Silicon Valley and was directly or indirectly involved in the creation of dozens of corporations, including Intel and AMD. These many spin-off companies came to be known as \"Fairchildren\". In the winter of 1954\u20131955, William Shockley, an inventor of the transistor and a visiting professor at Stanford University, decided to establish his own mass production of advanced transistors and Shockley diodes. He found a sponsor in Raytheon, but Raytheon discontinued the project after a month. In August 1955, Shockley turned for advice to the financier Arnold Beckman, the owner of Beckman Instruments. Shockley needed one million dollars.", "Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory was a pioneering semiconductor developer founded by William Shockley as a division of Beckman Instruments, Inc., in 1956. It was the first high technology company in what came to be known as Silicon Valley to work on silicon-based semiconductor devices. In 1957, eight leading scientists resigned and became the core of what became Fairchild Semiconductor. Shockley Semiconductor never recovered from this departure, and was purchased by Clevite in 1960, then sold to ITT in 1968, and shortly after, officially closed. The building remained, but was repurposed as a retail store. By 2015 plans were made to demolish the site to develop a new building complex. By 2017 the site was redeveloped with new signage marking it as the \"Real Birthplace of Silicon Valley.\" William Shockley received his undergraduate degree from Caltech and moved east to complete his PhD at MIT with a focus on physics. He graduated in 1936 and immediately went to work at Bell Labs. Through the 1930s and '40s he worked on electron devices, and increasingly with semiconductor materials, pioneering the field of solid state electronics. This led to the 1947 creation of the first transistor, in partnership with John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and others. Through the early 1950s a series of events led to Shockley becoming increasingly upset with Bell's management, and especially what he saw as a slighting when Bell promoted Bardeen and Brattain's names ahead of his own on the transistor's patent. However, others that worked with him suggested the reason for these issues was Shockley's abrasive management style, and it was this reason that he was constantly passed over for promotion within the company. These issues came to a head in 1953 and he took a sabbatical and returned to Caltech as a visiting professor."], "answer": {"text": "The company, a division of Beckman Instruments, Inc., was the first establishment working on silicon semiconductor devices in what came to be known as Silicon Valley.", "answer_start": 173}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_0735e63bb67b49b9897e540f109ec967_0_q#1", "question": "What year was the semiconductor made?", "rewrite": "What year was Shockley's semiconductor made?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Because Shockley's aging mother lived in Palo Alto, Shockley wanted to establish the laboratory in nearby Mountain View, California. Frederick Terman, provost at Stanford University, offered the firm space in Stanford's new industrial park. The firm launched in February 1956, the same year that Shockley received the Nobel Prize in Physics along with John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\". Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory was the first establishment working on silicon semiconductor devices in what came to be known as Silicon Valley. Shockley, however, lacked experience in business and industrial management. Moreover, he decided that the lab would research an invention of his own, the four-layer diode, rather than developing the diffused silicon transistor that he and Beckman had agreed upon. Beckman was reassured by his engineers that the scientific ideas behind Shockley's project were still sound. When appealed to by members of Shockley's lab, Beckman chose not to interfere with its management. In 1957, eight leading scientists including Gordon Moore and Robert Noyce left Shockley's group to form a competing startup, Fairchild Semiconductor, which would successfully develop silicon transistors. In 1960, Beckman sold the Shockley subsidiary to the Clevite Transistor Company, ending his formal association with semiconductors. Nonetheless, Beckman had been an essential backer of the new industry in its initial stages. Beckman also saw that computers and automation offered a myriad of opportunities for integration into instruments, and the development of new instruments. Beckman Instruments purchased Berkeley Scientific Company in the 1950s, and later developed a Systems Division within Beckman Instruments \"to develop and build industrial data systems for automation\".", "Fairchild Semiconductor Fairchild Semiconductor International, Inc. was an American semiconductor company based in San Jose, California. Founded in 1957 as a division of Fairchild Camera and Instrument, it became a pioneer in the manufacturing of transistors and of integrated circuits. Schlumberger bought the firm in 1979 and sold it to National Semiconductor in 1987; Fairchild was spun off as an independent company again in 1997. In September 2016, Fairchild was acquired by ON Semiconductor. The company has locations in the United States at San Jose, California; South Portland, Maine; West Jordan, Utah; and Mountaintop, Pennsylvania. Outside the U.S. it operates locations in Singapore; Bucheon, South Korea; Penang, Malaysia; Suzhou, China; and Cebu, Philippines, among others. In 1956, William Shockley opened Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory as a division of Beckman Instruments in Mountain View, California; his plan was to develop a new type of \"4-layer diode\" that would work faster and have more uses than then-current transistors. At first he attempted to hire some of his former colleagues from Bell Labs, but none were willing to move to the West Coast or work with Shockley again at that time. Shockley then founded the core of the new company with what he considered the best and brightest graduates coming out of American engineering schools. While Shockley was effective as a recruiter, he was less effective as a manager. A core group of Shockley employees, later known as the traitorous eight, became unhappy with his management of the company. The eight men were Julius Blank, Victor Grinich, Jean Hoerni, Eugene Kleiner, Jay Last, Gordon Moore, Robert Noyce, and Sheldon Roberts. Looking for funding on their own project, they turned to Sherman Fairchild's Fairchild Camera and Instrument, an Eastern U.S. company with considerable military contracts.", "Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory was a pioneering semiconductor developer founded by William Shockley as a division of Beckman Instruments, Inc., in 1956. It was the first high technology company in what came to be known as Silicon Valley to work on silicon-based semiconductor devices. In 1957, eight leading scientists resigned and became the core of what became Fairchild Semiconductor. Shockley Semiconductor never recovered from this departure, and was purchased by Clevite in 1960, then sold to ITT in 1968, and shortly after, officially closed. The building remained, but was repurposed as a retail store. By 2015 plans were made to demolish the site to develop a new building complex. By 2017 the site was redeveloped with new signage marking it as the \"Real Birthplace of Silicon Valley.\" William Shockley received his undergraduate degree from Caltech and moved east to complete his PhD at MIT with a focus on physics. He graduated in 1936 and immediately went to work at Bell Labs. Through the 1930s and '40s he worked on electron devices, and increasingly with semiconductor materials, pioneering the field of solid state electronics. This led to the 1947 creation of the first transistor, in partnership with John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and others. Through the early 1950s a series of events led to Shockley becoming increasingly upset with Bell's management, and especially what he saw as a slighting when Bell promoted Bardeen and Brattain's names ahead of his own on the transistor's patent. However, others that worked with him suggested the reason for these issues was Shockley's abrasive management style, and it was this reason that he was constantly passed over for promotion within the company. These issues came to a head in 1953 and he took a sabbatical and returned to Caltech as a visiting professor.", "Traitorous eight The traitorous eight was a group of eight employees who left Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in 1957 to found Fairchild Semiconductor. William Shockley had in 1956 recruited a group of young PhD graduates with the goal to develop and produce new semiconductor devices. While Shockley had received a Nobel Prize in Physics and was an experienced researcher and teacher, his management of the group was authoritarian and unpopular. This was accentuated by Shockley's research focus not proving fruitful. After the demand for Shockley to be replaced was rebuffed, the eight left to form their own company. Shockley described their leaving as a \"betrayal\". The eight who left Shockley Semiconductor were Julius Blank, Victor Grinich, Jean Hoerni, Eugene Kleiner, Jay Last, Gordon Moore, Robert Noyce, and Sheldon Roberts. In August 1957, they reached an agreement with Sherman Fairchild, and on September 18, 1957, they formed Fairchild Semiconductor. The newly founded Fairchild Semiconductor soon grew into a leader of the semiconductor industry. In 1960, it became an incubator of Silicon Valley and was directly or indirectly involved in the creation of dozens of corporations, including Intel and AMD. These many spin-off companies came to be known as \"Fairchildren\". In the winter of 1954\u20131955, William Shockley, an inventor of the transistor and a visiting professor at Stanford University, decided to establish his own mass production of advanced transistors and Shockley diodes. He found a sponsor in Raytheon, but Raytheon discontinued the project after a month. In August 1955, Shockley turned for advice to the financier Arnold Beckman, the owner of Beckman Instruments. Shockley needed one million dollars.", "Astronomer George O. Abell (BS 1951, MS 1952, PhD 1957) while a grad student at Cal Tech participated in the National Geographic Society-Palomar Sky Survey. This ultimately resulted in the publication of the \"Abell Catalogue of Clusters of Galaxies,\" the definitive work in the field. Undergraduate alumni founded, or co-founded, companies such as LCD manufacturer Varitronix, Hotmail, Compaq, and MathWorks (which created Matlab), while graduate students founded, or co-founded, companies such as Intel, TRW, and the non-profit educational organization, the Exploratorium. Arnold Beckman (PhD 1928) invented the pH meter and commercialized it with the founding of Beckman Instruments. His success with that company enabled him to provide seed funding for William Shockley (BS 1932), who had co-invented semiconductor transistors and wanted to commercialize them. Shockley became the founding Director of the Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory division of Beckman Instruments. Shockley had previously worked at Bell Labs, whose first president was another alumnus, Frank Jewett (BS 1898). Because his aging mother lived in Palo Alto, California, Shockley established his laboratory near her in Mountain View, California. Shockley was a co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics in 1956, but his aggressive management style and odd personality at the Shockley Lab became unbearable. In late 1957, eight of his researchers resigned and with support from Sherman Fairchild formed Fairchild Semiconductor. Among the \"traitorous eight\" was Gordon E. Moore (PhD 1954), who later left Fairchild to co-found Intel. Other offspring companies of Fairchild Semiconductor include National Semiconductor and Advanced Micro Devices, which in turn spawned more technology companies in the area."], "answer": {"text": "In 1956", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Shockley's semiconductor do?", "answer": {"text": "The company, a division of Beckman Instruments, Inc., was the first establishment working on silicon semiconductor devices in what came to be known as Silicon Valley.", "answer_start": 173, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0735e63bb67b49b9897e540f109ec967_0_q#2", "question": "Did he win any awards for this?", "rewrite": "Did Shockley win any awards for his semiconductor innovation?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Astronomer George O. Abell (BS 1951, MS 1952, PhD 1957) while a grad student at Cal Tech participated in the National Geographic Society-Palomar Sky Survey. This ultimately resulted in the publication of the \"Abell Catalogue of Clusters of Galaxies,\" the definitive work in the field. Undergraduate alumni founded, or co-founded, companies such as LCD manufacturer Varitronix, Hotmail, Compaq, and MathWorks (which created Matlab), while graduate students founded, or co-founded, companies such as Intel, TRW, and the non-profit educational organization, the Exploratorium. Arnold Beckman (PhD 1928) invented the pH meter and commercialized it with the founding of Beckman Instruments. His success with that company enabled him to provide seed funding for William Shockley (BS 1932), who had co-invented semiconductor transistors and wanted to commercialize them. Shockley became the founding Director of the Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory division of Beckman Instruments. Shockley had previously worked at Bell Labs, whose first president was another alumnus, Frank Jewett (BS 1898). Because his aging mother lived in Palo Alto, California, Shockley established his laboratory near her in Mountain View, California. Shockley was a co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics in 1956, but his aggressive management style and odd personality at the Shockley Lab became unbearable. In late 1957, eight of his researchers resigned and with support from Sherman Fairchild formed Fairchild Semiconductor. Among the \"traitorous eight\" was Gordon E. Moore (PhD 1954), who later left Fairchild to co-found Intel. Other offspring companies of Fairchild Semiconductor include National Semiconductor and Advanced Micro Devices, which in turn spawned more technology companies in the area.", "Traitorous eight The traitorous eight was a group of eight employees who left Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in 1957 to found Fairchild Semiconductor. William Shockley had in 1956 recruited a group of young PhD graduates with the goal to develop and produce new semiconductor devices. While Shockley had received a Nobel Prize in Physics and was an experienced researcher and teacher, his management of the group was authoritarian and unpopular. This was accentuated by Shockley's research focus not proving fruitful. After the demand for Shockley to be replaced was rebuffed, the eight left to form their own company. Shockley described their leaving as a \"betrayal\". The eight who left Shockley Semiconductor were Julius Blank, Victor Grinich, Jean Hoerni, Eugene Kleiner, Jay Last, Gordon Moore, Robert Noyce, and Sheldon Roberts. In August 1957, they reached an agreement with Sherman Fairchild, and on September 18, 1957, they formed Fairchild Semiconductor. The newly founded Fairchild Semiconductor soon grew into a leader of the semiconductor industry. In 1960, it became an incubator of Silicon Valley and was directly or indirectly involved in the creation of dozens of corporations, including Intel and AMD. These many spin-off companies came to be known as \"Fairchildren\". In the winter of 1954\u20131955, William Shockley, an inventor of the transistor and a visiting professor at Stanford University, decided to establish his own mass production of advanced transistors and Shockley diodes. He found a sponsor in Raytheon, but Raytheon discontinued the project after a month. In August 1955, Shockley turned for advice to the financier Arnold Beckman, the owner of Beckman Instruments. Shockley needed one million dollars.", "Fairchild Semiconductor Fairchild Semiconductor International, Inc. was an American semiconductor company based in San Jose, California. Founded in 1957 as a division of Fairchild Camera and Instrument, it became a pioneer in the manufacturing of transistors and of integrated circuits. Schlumberger bought the firm in 1979 and sold it to National Semiconductor in 1987; Fairchild was spun off as an independent company again in 1997. In September 2016, Fairchild was acquired by ON Semiconductor. The company has locations in the United States at San Jose, California; South Portland, Maine; West Jordan, Utah; and Mountaintop, Pennsylvania. Outside the U.S. it operates locations in Singapore; Bucheon, South Korea; Penang, Malaysia; Suzhou, China; and Cebu, Philippines, among others. In 1956, William Shockley opened Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory as a division of Beckman Instruments in Mountain View, California; his plan was to develop a new type of \"4-layer diode\" that would work faster and have more uses than then-current transistors. At first he attempted to hire some of his former colleagues from Bell Labs, but none were willing to move to the West Coast or work with Shockley again at that time. Shockley then founded the core of the new company with what he considered the best and brightest graduates coming out of American engineering schools. While Shockley was effective as a recruiter, he was less effective as a manager. A core group of Shockley employees, later known as the traitorous eight, became unhappy with his management of the company. The eight men were Julius Blank, Victor Grinich, Jean Hoerni, Eugene Kleiner, Jay Last, Gordon Moore, Robert Noyce, and Sheldon Roberts. Looking for funding on their own project, they turned to Sherman Fairchild's Fairchild Camera and Instrument, an Eastern U.S. company with considerable military contracts.", "Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory was a pioneering semiconductor developer founded by William Shockley as a division of Beckman Instruments, Inc., in 1956. It was the first high technology company in what came to be known as Silicon Valley to work on silicon-based semiconductor devices. In 1957, eight leading scientists resigned and became the core of what became Fairchild Semiconductor. Shockley Semiconductor never recovered from this departure, and was purchased by Clevite in 1960, then sold to ITT in 1968, and shortly after, officially closed. The building remained, but was repurposed as a retail store. By 2015 plans were made to demolish the site to develop a new building complex. By 2017 the site was redeveloped with new signage marking it as the \"Real Birthplace of Silicon Valley.\" William Shockley received his undergraduate degree from Caltech and moved east to complete his PhD at MIT with a focus on physics. He graduated in 1936 and immediately went to work at Bell Labs. Through the 1930s and '40s he worked on electron devices, and increasingly with semiconductor materials, pioneering the field of solid state electronics. This led to the 1947 creation of the first transistor, in partnership with John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and others. Through the early 1950s a series of events led to Shockley becoming increasingly upset with Bell's management, and especially what he saw as a slighting when Bell promoted Bardeen and Brattain's names ahead of his own on the transistor's patent. However, others that worked with him suggested the reason for these issues was Shockley's abrasive management style, and it was this reason that he was constantly passed over for promotion within the company. These issues came to a head in 1953 and he took a sabbatical and returned to Caltech as a visiting professor.", "Because Shockley's aging mother lived in Palo Alto, Shockley wanted to establish the laboratory in nearby Mountain View, California. Frederick Terman, provost at Stanford University, offered the firm space in Stanford's new industrial park. The firm launched in February 1956, the same year that Shockley received the Nobel Prize in Physics along with John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain \"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect\". Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory was the first establishment working on silicon semiconductor devices in what came to be known as Silicon Valley. Shockley, however, lacked experience in business and industrial management. Moreover, he decided that the lab would research an invention of his own, the four-layer diode, rather than developing the diffused silicon transistor that he and Beckman had agreed upon. Beckman was reassured by his engineers that the scientific ideas behind Shockley's project were still sound. When appealed to by members of Shockley's lab, Beckman chose not to interfere with its management. In 1957, eight leading scientists including Gordon Moore and Robert Noyce left Shockley's group to form a competing startup, Fairchild Semiconductor, which would successfully develop silicon transistors. In 1960, Beckman sold the Shockley subsidiary to the Clevite Transistor Company, ending his formal association with semiconductors. Nonetheless, Beckman had been an essential backer of the new industry in its initial stages. Beckman also saw that computers and automation offered a myriad of opportunities for integration into instruments, and the development of new instruments. Beckman Instruments purchased Berkeley Scientific Company in the 1950s, and later developed a Systems Division within Beckman Instruments \"to develop and build industrial data systems for automation\"."], "answer": {"text": "Nobel Prize in 1956", "answer_start": 755}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Shockley's semiconductor do?", "answer": {"text": "The company, a division of Beckman Instruments, Inc., was the first establishment working on silicon semiconductor devices in what came to be known as Silicon Valley.", "answer_start": 173, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was the semiconductor made?", "answer": {"text": "In 1956", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0735e63bb67b49b9897e540f109ec967_0_q#3", "question": "Who did Shockley work with?", "rewrite": "Who did Shockley work with?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Traitorous eight The traitorous eight was a group of eight employees who left Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in 1957 to found Fairchild Semiconductor. William Shockley had in 1956 recruited a group of young PhD graduates with the goal to develop and produce new semiconductor devices. While Shockley had received a Nobel Prize in Physics and was an experienced researcher and teacher, his management of the group was authoritarian and unpopular. This was accentuated by Shockley's research focus not proving fruitful. After the demand for Shockley to be replaced was rebuffed, the eight left to form their own company. Shockley described their leaving as a \"betrayal\". The eight who left Shockley Semiconductor were Julius Blank, Victor Grinich, Jean Hoerni, Eugene Kleiner, Jay Last, Gordon Moore, Robert Noyce, and Sheldon Roberts. In August 1957, they reached an agreement with Sherman Fairchild, and on September 18, 1957, they formed Fairchild Semiconductor. The newly founded Fairchild Semiconductor soon grew into a leader of the semiconductor industry. In 1960, it became an incubator of Silicon Valley and was directly or indirectly involved in the creation of dozens of corporations, including Intel and AMD. These many spin-off companies came to be known as \"Fairchildren\". In the winter of 1954\u20131955, William Shockley, an inventor of the transistor and a visiting professor at Stanford University, decided to establish his own mass production of advanced transistors and Shockley diodes. He found a sponsor in Raytheon, but Raytheon discontinued the project after a month. In August 1955, Shockley turned for advice to the financier Arnold Beckman, the owner of Beckman Instruments. Shockley needed one million dollars.", "Arnie Shockley Arnold A. Shockley (August 31, 1903 \u2013 April 27, 1988) was a professional football player who spent one season in the National Football League (NFL) with the Boston Bulldogs, in 1929. Shockley was an all-conference tackle at Southwestern Oklahoma State University in 1926 and 1927. He then went on to be a coach and administrator working for more than 30 years in schools at Jackson, Greer and Kiowa counties. He spent his last 13 years working at Mountain View High School before retiring in 1965. He was inducted into the Southwestern Oklahoma State University Athletics Hall of Fame in 1965. According to an article by the Professional Football Researchers Association, however, Shockley never played for the Bulldogs in 1929. The player listed on the field as Arnold Shockley was really Perry Jackson, a teammate of Arnie's from Southwestern Oklahoma State University. According to Jackson, he was disappointed when he didn\u2019t receive an invitation to tryout for any professional team after playing college football. However Arnold Shockley, received an invitation to try out for the Bulldogs. Shockley decided not to go to the try out and Jackson saw this as an opportunity to tryout for a pro team. He went to the camp, assuming the name of his teammate, Shockley. He made the team and played that year as Arnold Shockley. The only problem with his story is that Jackson was playing for the Providence Steam Roller in 1928-1930. However his write up for the SWOSU Hall of Fame states that he played for Providence for four seasons. This sets up a controversy over which teams Shockley and Perry played for. Also the stats for Perry and Shockley appear to be same according to profootballreference.com and databasefootball.com", "Shockley set his own salary at $2,500 and made all salaries accessible to all employees. Two of Shockley's choices later appeared to be mistakes: William Happ was proven insufficiently competent for the work, and technologist Dean Knapic had forged his university degree and certificate of military service. He later brought Shockley's technologies to competitors. The members of the future traitorous eight were aged between 26 (Last) and 33 (Kleiner), and six of them held PhD's. Hoerni was an experienced scientist and gifted manager, and, according to Bo Lojek, matched Shockley in intellect. Only Noyce was involved in semiconductor research, and only Grinich had experience in electronics. Throughout 1956, most members of the lab were assembling and tuning the equipment, and \"pure scientists\" Hoerni and Noyce carried out individual applied research. Shockley refused to hire technical staff, believing that his scientists should be able to handle all technological processes. After resettlement, he focused on fine-tuning Shockley diodes for mass production, and five employees, led by Noyce, continued the work on a field effect transistor for Beckman Instruments. Shockley refused to work on bipolar transistors, which later was proven a strategic mistake. Because the work on Shockley diodes took so much effort the produced devices were commercial failures. According to Noyce and Moore, as well as David Brock and Joel Shurkin, the shift from bipolar transistors to Shockley diodes was unexpected. Shockley initially planned to work on the mass production of diffusion bipolar transistors, but then set up a \"secret project\" on Shockley diodes, and in 1957 stopped all works on bipolar transistors. The reasons for this turn are unknown.", "According to Beckman's biographer, Shockley regarded his diode as an interesting scientific problem, and chose it, neglecting Beckman's commercial interests. Bo Lojek, based on the archives of Shockley, believes that Shockley Labs never worked on bipolar transistors; that Shockley diodes were Shockley and Beckman's original target, for which Beckman Instruments received military R&D contracts; and that Shockley diodes could have found widespread use in telephony if Shockley had improved their reliability. Historians and colleagues generally agree that Shockley was a poor manager and businessman. From early childhood he was prone to outbursts of unprovoked aggression, which were suppressed due to the internal discipline of his past working environment. He also tended to see rivals, even in his own subordinates. On November 1, 1956, it was announced that the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics would be awarded to Shockley, Bardeen, and Brattain. The related public events of November\u2013December overtired Shockley and took him away from the lab at a time when it had several management problems. Despite the festivities, the atmosphere in the lab was unhealthy. Although Shockley was never diagnosed by psychiatrists, historians characterized Shockley's state of mind in 1956\u20131957 as paranoia or autism. All phone calls were recorded, and the staff was not allowed to share their results with each other, which was not feasible since they all worked in a small building. Shockley, not trusting his employees, was sending their reports to Bell Labs for double-checking. At some point, he sent the entire lab for a lie detector test, though everyone refused. The team started losing its members, starting with Jones, a technologist, who left in January 1957 due to a conflict with Grinich and Hoerni.", "Josh Shockley Josh Shockley (born November 15, 1989) is an American mixed martial artist currently competing in the lightweight division. A professional competitor since 2007, Shockley has also previously competed for the UFC and Bellator. Shockley had first amateur mixed martial arts fight at the age of 16, having falsely told the promotion that he was 18. Shockley won his first six professional bouts and ended the majority of them via stoppage in the first round. Shockley was originally set to make his Bellator debut on March 12, 2011 against Kalvin Hackney at Bellator 36. However, when Toby Imada's opponent refused to weigh in, Shockley was moved up to the main card to face Imada in the quarterfinals of Bellator's season four lightweight tournament. He lost via first-round armbar submission. Shockley then faced Eric Moon at Bellator 57 on November 12, 2011. Shockley won the bout via guillotine choke submission in the first round. Shockley fought and defeated UFC veteran Shamar Bailey via unanimous decision at Bellator 60 on March 9, 2012. In what would be his last fight for the promotion, Shockley fought Keith Schneider at Bellator 70 on May 25, 2012. Shockley lost the fight via armbar submission in the opening minute of round one. Shockley faced Mike Cannon on November 10, 2012 at Hoosier Fight Club 13. Shockley easily defeated Cannon via submission in the first round, resulting in the crowd erupting with laughter as Cannon tapped for what appeared to be his life. Afterwards, Cannon began teaching women's cardio kickboxing in order to improve his performance in the cage, as a way to come back from his embarrassing 1st round loss. Shockley was expected to face Micah Miller at HFC 15 on April 6, 2013. The bout, however, was cancelled for unknown reasons."], "answer": {"text": "In late 1957, eight of Shockley's researchers, who would come to be known as the \"traitorous eight\",", "answer_start": 887}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Shockley's semiconductor do?", "answer": {"text": "The company, a division of Beckman Instruments, Inc., was the first establishment working on silicon semiconductor devices in what came to be known as Silicon Valley.", "answer_start": 173, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was the semiconductor made?", "answer": {"text": "In 1956", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards for this?", "answer": {"text": "Nobel Prize in 1956", "answer_start": 755, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0735e63bb67b49b9897e540f109ec967_0_q#4", "question": "Why were they called that?", "rewrite": "Why were Shockley's researchers called traitorous eight?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hodgson, risking his reputation, accepted the offer and within a few weeks completed all paperwork. The capital of the new company, Fairchild Semiconductor, was divided into 1,325 shares. Each member of the traitorous eight received 100 shares, 225 shares went to Hayden, Stone & Co and 300 shares remained in reserve. Fairchild provided a loan of $1.38 million. To secure the loan, the traitorous eight gave Fairchild the voting rights on their shares, with the right to buy their shares at a fixed total price of $3 million. On September 18, 1957, Blank, Grinich, Kleiner, Last, Moore, Noyce, Roberts and Hoerni resigned from Shockley Labs. They became known as the \"traitorous eight\", though it is not known who coined the term. Shockley could never understand the reasons for this defection. After that time, he never talked to Noyce again, but continued to follow the work of \"The Eight\". He also combed through all records left by The Eight, basing patents, held as Shockley Labs' intellectual property, on any important ideas. (Technically, in accordance with U.S. law, those patents were issued to the respective inventing employees.) In 1960, with the help of a new team, Shockley brought his own diode to serial production, but time had been lost, and competitors had already come close to the development of integrated circuits. Beckman sold the unprofitable Shockley Labs to investors from Cleveland. On July 23, 1961, Shockley was seriously injured in a car crash, and after recovery left the company and returned to teaching at Stanford. In 1969, IT&T, the new owners of Shockley Labs moved the company to Florida. When the staff refused to move, the lab ceased to exist.", "Jean Hoerni Jean Am\u00e9d\u00e9e Hoerni (September 26, 1924 \u2013 January 12, 1997) was a Swiss-American engineer. He was a silicon transistor pioneer, and a member of the \"traitorous eight\". He developed the planar process, an important technology for reliably fabricating and manufacturing semiconductor devices, such as transistors and integrated circuits. Hoerni was born on September 26, 1924 in Geneva, Switzerland. He received his B.S. in Mathematics from the University of Geneva and two Ph.D.s in Physics; one from the University of Geneva and the other from the University of Cambridge. In 1952, he moved to the United States to work at the California Institute of Technology, where he became acquainted with William Shockley, a physicist at Bell Labs who was intimately involved with the creation of the transistor. A few years later, Shockley recruited Hoerni to work with him at the newly founded Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory division of Beckman Instruments in Mountain View, California. But Shockley's strange behavior compelled the so-called \"traitorous eight\": Hoerni, Julius Blank, Victor Grinich, Eugene Kleiner, Jay Last, Gordon Moore, Robert Noyce and Sheldon Roberts, to leave his laboratory and create the Fairchild Semiconductor corporation. In 1958, Hoerni attended an Electrochemical Society meeting, where Bell Labs engineer Mohamed Atalla presented a paper about the passivation of p-n junctions by oxide, and demonstrated silicon dioxide's passivating effect on a silicon surface. Hoerni was intrigued, and came up with the concept of planar technology one morning while thinking about Atalla's device. Taking advantage of silicon dioxide's passivating effect on the silicon surface, Hoerni proposed to make transistors that were protected by a layer of silicon dioxide.", "While Noyce was an undergraduate, he was fascinated by the field of physics and took a course in the subject that was taught by professor Grant Gale. Gale obtained two of the very first transistors ever to come out of Bell Labs and showed them off to his class. Noyce was hooked. Gale suggested that he apply to the doctoral program in physics at MIT, which he did. Noyce had a mind so quick that his graduate school friends called him \"Rapid Robert.\" He received his doctorate in physics from MIT in 1953. After graduating from MIT in 1953, Noyce took a job as a research engineer at the Philco Corporation in Philadelphia. He left in 1956 to join William Shockley, a co-inventor of the transistor and eventual Nobel Prize winner, at the Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in Mountain View, California. Noyce left a year later with the \"traitorous eight\" upon having issues with Shockley's management style, and co-founded the influential Fairchild Semiconductor corporation. According to Sherman Fairchild, Noyce's impassioned presentation of his vision was the reason Fairchild had agreed to create the semiconductor division for the traitorous eight. After Jack Kilby invented the first hybrid integrated circuit (hybrid IC) in 1958, Noyce in 1959 independently invented a new type of integrated circuit, the monolithic integrated circuit (monolithic IC). It was more practical than Kilby's implementation. Noyce's design was made of silicon, whereas Kilby's chip was made of germanium. Noyce's invention was the first monolithic integrated circuit chip. Unlike Kilby's IC which had external wire connections and could not be mass-produced, Noyce's monolithic IC chip put all components on a chip of silicon and connected them with copper lines.", "Traitorous eight The traitorous eight was a group of eight employees who left Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in 1957 to found Fairchild Semiconductor. William Shockley had in 1956 recruited a group of young PhD graduates with the goal to develop and produce new semiconductor devices. While Shockley had received a Nobel Prize in Physics and was an experienced researcher and teacher, his management of the group was authoritarian and unpopular. This was accentuated by Shockley's research focus not proving fruitful. After the demand for Shockley to be replaced was rebuffed, the eight left to form their own company. Shockley described their leaving as a \"betrayal\". The eight who left Shockley Semiconductor were Julius Blank, Victor Grinich, Jean Hoerni, Eugene Kleiner, Jay Last, Gordon Moore, Robert Noyce, and Sheldon Roberts. In August 1957, they reached an agreement with Sherman Fairchild, and on September 18, 1957, they formed Fairchild Semiconductor. The newly founded Fairchild Semiconductor soon grew into a leader of the semiconductor industry. In 1960, it became an incubator of Silicon Valley and was directly or indirectly involved in the creation of dozens of corporations, including Intel and AMD. These many spin-off companies came to be known as \"Fairchildren\". In the winter of 1954\u20131955, William Shockley, an inventor of the transistor and a visiting professor at Stanford University, decided to establish his own mass production of advanced transistors and Shockley diodes. He found a sponsor in Raytheon, but Raytheon discontinued the project after a month. In August 1955, Shockley turned for advice to the financier Arnold Beckman, the owner of Beckman Instruments. Shockley needed one million dollars.", "Sheldon Roberts C. Sheldon Roberts (October 27, 1926 \u2013 June 6, 2014) was an American semiconductor pioneer, and member of the \"traitorous eight\" who founded Silicon Valley. Roberts earned a Bachelor's degree in metallurgical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1948, and a Master's degree in 1949 and Ph.D. in 1952, from MIT. He then worked in research at the Naval Research Lab and the Dow Chemical Company. He joined the seminal Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory division of Beckman Instruments in Mountain View, California, but left the company along with other members of the traitorous eight with the backing of Sherman Fairchild to form the influential Fairchild Semiconductor corporation. He later founded Amelco (known now as Teledyne) with traitorous eight alumni Jean Hoerni and Jay Last."], "answer": {"text": "They went on to form Fairchild Semiconductor, a loss from which Shockley Semiconductor never recovered.", "answer_start": 1080}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Shockley's semiconductor do?", "answer": {"text": "The company, a division of Beckman Instruments, Inc., was the first establishment working on silicon semiconductor devices in what came to be known as Silicon Valley.", "answer_start": 173, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was the semiconductor made?", "answer": {"text": "In 1956", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards for this?", "answer": {"text": "Nobel Prize in 1956", "answer_start": 755, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did Shockley work with?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1957, eight of Shockley's researchers, who would come to be known as the \"traitorous eight\",", "answer_start": 887, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59b4f759e2b04a0181b5219f7b5afdb4_0_q#0", "question": "In what ways was Victoria Beckham powerful?", "rewrite": "In what ways was Victoria Beckham powerful?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Victoria Beckham: Coming to America Victoria Beckham: Coming to America was a 2007 one-hour American TV special that featured British former Spice Girl Victoria Beckham moving to the United States where her husband, David Beckham, began his career playing soccer for LA Galaxy of the MLS. The programme was part factual and part a scripted spoof on documentaries such as \"Being Victoria Beckham\" and other shows featuring the Beckhams. Parts of the spoof element featured Victoria being mean to her personal assistant, played by Renee Gauthier. While a hit in the UK, the spoof element was not grasped by the US viewers. Originally meant to serve as the pilot to a serialized reality show, the show drew in only 4.9 million viewers in the US. Produced by 19 Entertainment (Simon Fuller's company that handles the careers of David and Victoria Beckham), what eventually ended up as a one-hour show on NBC was originally supposed to be six half-hour episodes shown weekly as agreed upon by Fuller and NBC months before the scheduled arrival of the Beckhams to the US. However, NBC soon cooled on the idea and unilaterally decided to move the episodes to its lower-profile sister network Bravo on basic cable. The move made Fuller irate, but he only succeeded in getting NBC to reach a compromise: the show would air as a one-hour, stand-alone broadcast on NBC on July 16, 2007 and if it managed to pull in good enough ratings, more episodes would follow. Though it won its time slot on Monday in the usually slow summer TV season, the show got a tepid 2.2 rating in the US, falling well short of the numbers required to make NBC interested in ordering additional episodes. In addition to NBC, the show also aired the same day on CTV in Canada.", "A third single, \"I Wish\", was promoted but never materialised. The single version was a remix featuring Robbie Craig, and was performed on TV on \"Friday Night's All Wright\". Following the announcement of Beckham's second pregnancy, the single was shelved. Beckham was reportedly dropped by Virgin Records along with fellow Spice Girls Emma Bunton and Melanie B,; but a statement from her publicist denied reports, stating: \"No-one has been dropped. The Virgin deal has come to a natural end and both parties have decided not to continue.\" \"Victoria Beckham\" faced a chart battle during the album's release week with Kylie Minogue's \"Fever\". Both singers had previously faced a battle in the singles' chart, when their singles were released on the same day. However, Beckham's album debuted at number ten on the UK Albums Chart on 13 October 2001, whilst Minogue's album topped the charts. \" Victoria Beckham\" charted for three weeks on the chart. However, the album has only sold 50,000 copies overall in the United Kingdom, while costing \u00a35 million to produce. After \"Being Victoria Beckham\", an official documentary that aired in March 2002, the album re-entered the UK Albums Chart at number sixty-seven. Upon its release, the album received mixed to negative reviews. The BBC Music described the album as \"a mish-mash affair of gushy sentiment and wishy-washy RnB\" whilst \"NME\" called the album \"a new low in shameless pop slaggery\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Victoria Beckham\".", "Under Fuller\u2019s guidance, the Spice Girls became a marketing phenomenon, rose to chart topper status worldwide and went on to sell over 85 million records. In 2002 Fuller's company discovered 19-year-old Amy Winehouse, produced her first award-winning album and signed her to Universal Music. In 2005, 2006 and 2007 the biggest selling music acts in North America (Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood and Daughtry) were all managed by Fuller. In October 2016 Fuller announced a joint venture with the 4 original members of the Swedish super group ABBA to involve Mamma Mia 2, new ABBA movie, London ABBA exhibition and the creation of the new digital ABBA. Simon Fuller owns significant stakes in British fashion businesses Victoria Beckham Ltd and the Roland Mouret brand. In 2006 Fuller brokered the deal for 19 Entertainment to purchase a majority share in Storm Model Management. In 2008 Fuller launched the Victoria Beckham dress collection at New York Fashion Week. Since then Victoria Beckham Limited has grown to become a best selling high-end fashion brand, stocked in 400+ outlets around the world and winning plaudits that include Brand of The Year 2012 and 2014 British Fashion Awards. In 2012 Fuller accompanied Victoria Beckham to launch the business in China. In February 2012, XIX Entertainment launched a David Beckham bodywear range in 2,500 H&M stores around the world. This was followed in 2015 when Fuller announced a joint venture with Hong Kong-based Global Brands Group Holding Ltd (787) giving Fuller and Beckham ownership of their own apparel business specifically to develop the David Beckham brand and other iconic branded consumer products. The first result of this partnership was the Fall 2016 re-launch of the British heritage menswear label Kent & Curwen, which under Beckham, Fuller and 7 Global ownership currently runs 113 stores in 51 cities worldwide.", "Brooklyn Beckham Brooklyn Joseph Beckham (born 4 March 1999) is an English model and photographer. He is the oldest son of former English footballer David Beckham and English singer-turned-fashion designer Victoria Beckham. Brooklyn Joseph Beckham was born in London, the son of David Beckham and Victoria Beckham (n\u00e9e Adams). It is often reported that he was named Brooklyn because he was conceived in Brooklyn, New York, but he was not; that is where his mother discovered she was pregnant and the place where David Beckham went after the 1998 FIFA World Cup. He grew up in Madrid, Spain, while his father played for Real Madrid and in Los Angeles, California when his father played for LA Galaxy. According to the elder Beckham, he and his younger brothers Romeo and Cruz learned to speak Spanish fluently, and had American accents while living in California. He has three younger siblings: Romeo James, Cruz David and sister Harper Seven. His godparents are Elton John, David Furnish, and Elizabeth Hurley. To earn money for his own things, he worked part time at a coffee shop. Beckham formerly played in the Arsenal F.C. Academy; he left because he didn't want to become a footballer professionally. He started modelling in 2014. He has modelled in editorials and covers for Vogue China, Miss Vogue, Interview, L'Uomo Vogue, T:The New York Times Style Magazine, and Dazed Korea. He photographed a campaign for Burberry BRIT, starring models Ben Rees, Carvell Conduah, Eliza Thomas, Liv Mason Pearson, and Maddie Demaine. He has been photographed by Bruce Weber, Terry Richardson, Daniel Jackson, and Alasdair McLellan. Beckham is a part of a modelling trend where children of famous people and models with large social media presence are successful.", "Homme by David Beckham Homme by David Beckham is a men's eau de toilette fragrance endorsed by English footballer David Beckham. The scent, which was released by Coty, Inc. in September 2011, joined his existing scents David Beckham Instinct (2005) and Intimately Beckham (2006), a his-and-hers collection with his wife Victoria Beckham. The fragrance was launched as part of a new branding venture with business partner Simon Fuller, which also included a men's bodywear line and a number of other projects to capitalize on Beckham's worldwide commercial appeal. It was announced on 19 May 2011 that David Beckham and his business partner, Simon Fuller, would be launching a men's bodywear line, a men's fragrance (with licensing partner Coty, Inc.), and a number of other projects to capitalize on Beckham's worldwide commercial appeal. The fragrance, entitled Homme by David Beckham, would join existing scents David Beckham Instinct (2005) and Intimately Beckham (2006), a his-and-hers collection with his wife Victoria Beckham. Steve Mormoris, senior vice president of global marketing for Coty Beauty, told \"Women's Wear Daily\" that the fragrance is a strategic launch for Coty that represents \"getting back to the male roots of the brand, enhancing David as an athlete and an aspirational man and building a new pillar to the David Beckham franchise.\" A new logo was created for all of Beckham's commercial ventures in order to create a \"uniform visual identity\" for the brand. The mark, which was created by Alasdhair Willis, features the David Beckham name in the Replica Pro font, with a circular hole \"punched out of the script\". The hole represents a football and a lens or viewfinder."], "answer": {"text": "it was reported that Beckham was the 52nd richest woman in Britain", "answer_start": 9}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_59b4f759e2b04a0181b5219f7b5afdb4_0_q#1", "question": "How much was she worth?", "rewrite": "How much was Victoria Beckham worth?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Under Fuller\u2019s guidance, the Spice Girls became a marketing phenomenon, rose to chart topper status worldwide and went on to sell over 85 million records. In 2002 Fuller's company discovered 19-year-old Amy Winehouse, produced her first award-winning album and signed her to Universal Music. In 2005, 2006 and 2007 the biggest selling music acts in North America (Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood and Daughtry) were all managed by Fuller. In October 2016 Fuller announced a joint venture with the 4 original members of the Swedish super group ABBA to involve Mamma Mia 2, new ABBA movie, London ABBA exhibition and the creation of the new digital ABBA. Simon Fuller owns significant stakes in British fashion businesses Victoria Beckham Ltd and the Roland Mouret brand. In 2006 Fuller brokered the deal for 19 Entertainment to purchase a majority share in Storm Model Management. In 2008 Fuller launched the Victoria Beckham dress collection at New York Fashion Week. Since then Victoria Beckham Limited has grown to become a best selling high-end fashion brand, stocked in 400+ outlets around the world and winning plaudits that include Brand of The Year 2012 and 2014 British Fashion Awards. In 2012 Fuller accompanied Victoria Beckham to launch the business in China. In February 2012, XIX Entertainment launched a David Beckham bodywear range in 2,500 H&M stores around the world. This was followed in 2015 when Fuller announced a joint venture with Hong Kong-based Global Brands Group Holding Ltd (787) giving Fuller and Beckham ownership of their own apparel business specifically to develop the David Beckham brand and other iconic branded consumer products. The first result of this partnership was the Fall 2016 re-launch of the British heritage menswear label Kent & Curwen, which under Beckham, Fuller and 7 Global ownership currently runs 113 stores in 51 cities worldwide.", "Homme by David Beckham Homme by David Beckham is a men's eau de toilette fragrance endorsed by English footballer David Beckham. The scent, which was released by Coty, Inc. in September 2011, joined his existing scents David Beckham Instinct (2005) and Intimately Beckham (2006), a his-and-hers collection with his wife Victoria Beckham. The fragrance was launched as part of a new branding venture with business partner Simon Fuller, which also included a men's bodywear line and a number of other projects to capitalize on Beckham's worldwide commercial appeal. It was announced on 19 May 2011 that David Beckham and his business partner, Simon Fuller, would be launching a men's bodywear line, a men's fragrance (with licensing partner Coty, Inc.), and a number of other projects to capitalize on Beckham's worldwide commercial appeal. The fragrance, entitled Homme by David Beckham, would join existing scents David Beckham Instinct (2005) and Intimately Beckham (2006), a his-and-hers collection with his wife Victoria Beckham. Steve Mormoris, senior vice president of global marketing for Coty Beauty, told \"Women's Wear Daily\" that the fragrance is a strategic launch for Coty that represents \"getting back to the male roots of the brand, enhancing David as an athlete and an aspirational man and building a new pillar to the David Beckham franchise.\" A new logo was created for all of Beckham's commercial ventures in order to create a \"uniform visual identity\" for the brand. The mark, which was created by Alasdhair Willis, features the David Beckham name in the Replica Pro font, with a circular hole \"punched out of the script\". The hole represents a football and a lens or viewfinder.", "This Groove \" This Groove\" is a song by British singer-songwriter Victoria Beckham. It was released as a double A-side with \"Let Your Head Go\". It was intended for Victoria's next album, but her record company Telstar Records went bankrupt before it surfaced. In 2004, it has been included on the video album \"The 'R\u00e9al' Beckhams\". The song samples and interpolates the melody of The System's \"Don't Disturb This Groove\". In 2002, Beckham signed a contract with Telstar Records and 19 Management worth \u00a31.5 million. Beckham then began recording a pop-influenced album, \"Open Your Eyes\", which yielded the single \"Let Your Head Go\", but she allegedly chose not to release the album after being disappointed with the results. Instead of pop, Beckham wanted a more urban sound and worked with urban producer Damon Dash to work on the R&B and hip hop influenced album \"Come Together\". A Dash-produced track \"It's That Simple\" featuring M.O.P. premiered on radio stations in July 2003, generating mixed reviews. Beckham's first single with Telstar, \"Let Your Head Go\"/\"This Groove\", was released in the UK on 29 December 2003, following heavy promotion and many TV appearances across the Christmas period. The double A-side lifted \"Let Your Head Go\" from Beckham's earlier pop-inspired work with \"This Groove\" one of her R&B songs and remains Beckham's last single release to date. Outside of the UK, Damon Dash had plans for Beckham in the US, including a potential release of \"Let Your Head Go / This Groove\" under the name of \"Posh Spice Victoria Beckham\". The release was proposed for sometime between March to May 2004, but never eventuated.", "A third single, \"I Wish\", was promoted but never materialised. The single version was a remix featuring Robbie Craig, and was performed on TV on \"Friday Night's All Wright\". Following the announcement of Beckham's second pregnancy, the single was shelved. Beckham was reportedly dropped by Virgin Records along with fellow Spice Girls Emma Bunton and Melanie B,; but a statement from her publicist denied reports, stating: \"No-one has been dropped. The Virgin deal has come to a natural end and both parties have decided not to continue.\" \"Victoria Beckham\" faced a chart battle during the album's release week with Kylie Minogue's \"Fever\". Both singers had previously faced a battle in the singles' chart, when their singles were released on the same day. However, Beckham's album debuted at number ten on the UK Albums Chart on 13 October 2001, whilst Minogue's album topped the charts. \" Victoria Beckham\" charted for three weeks on the chart. However, the album has only sold 50,000 copies overall in the United Kingdom, while costing \u00a35 million to produce. After \"Being Victoria Beckham\", an official documentary that aired in March 2002, the album re-entered the UK Albums Chart at number sixty-seven. Upon its release, the album received mixed to negative reviews. The BBC Music described the album as \"a mish-mash affair of gushy sentiment and wishy-washy RnB\" whilst \"NME\" called the album \"a new low in shameless pop slaggery\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Victoria Beckham\".", "Victoria Beckham: Coming to America Victoria Beckham: Coming to America was a 2007 one-hour American TV special that featured British former Spice Girl Victoria Beckham moving to the United States where her husband, David Beckham, began his career playing soccer for LA Galaxy of the MLS. The programme was part factual and part a scripted spoof on documentaries such as \"Being Victoria Beckham\" and other shows featuring the Beckhams. Parts of the spoof element featured Victoria being mean to her personal assistant, played by Renee Gauthier. While a hit in the UK, the spoof element was not grasped by the US viewers. Originally meant to serve as the pilot to a serialized reality show, the show drew in only 4.9 million viewers in the US. Produced by 19 Entertainment (Simon Fuller's company that handles the careers of David and Victoria Beckham), what eventually ended up as a one-hour show on NBC was originally supposed to be six half-hour episodes shown weekly as agreed upon by Fuller and NBC months before the scheduled arrival of the Beckhams to the US. However, NBC soon cooled on the idea and unilaterally decided to move the episodes to its lower-profile sister network Bravo on basic cable. The move made Fuller irate, but he only succeeded in getting NBC to reach a compromise: the show would air as a one-hour, stand-alone broadcast on NBC on July 16, 2007 and if it managed to pull in good enough ratings, more episodes would follow. Though it won its time slot on Monday in the usually slow summer TV season, the show got a tepid 2.2 rating in the US, falling well short of the numbers required to make NBC interested in ordering additional episodes. In addition to NBC, the show also aired the same day on CTV in Canada."], "answer": {"text": "($225 million).", "answer_start": 183}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "In what ways was Victoria Beckham powerful?", "answer": {"text": "it was reported that Beckham was the 52nd richest woman in Britain", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59b4f759e2b04a0181b5219f7b5afdb4_0_q#2", "question": "How did she earn her wealth?", "rewrite": "How did Victoria Beckham earn her wealth?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Under Fuller\u2019s guidance, the Spice Girls became a marketing phenomenon, rose to chart topper status worldwide and went on to sell over 85 million records. In 2002 Fuller's company discovered 19-year-old Amy Winehouse, produced her first award-winning album and signed her to Universal Music. In 2005, 2006 and 2007 the biggest selling music acts in North America (Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood and Daughtry) were all managed by Fuller. In October 2016 Fuller announced a joint venture with the 4 original members of the Swedish super group ABBA to involve Mamma Mia 2, new ABBA movie, London ABBA exhibition and the creation of the new digital ABBA. Simon Fuller owns significant stakes in British fashion businesses Victoria Beckham Ltd and the Roland Mouret brand. In 2006 Fuller brokered the deal for 19 Entertainment to purchase a majority share in Storm Model Management. In 2008 Fuller launched the Victoria Beckham dress collection at New York Fashion Week. Since then Victoria Beckham Limited has grown to become a best selling high-end fashion brand, stocked in 400+ outlets around the world and winning plaudits that include Brand of The Year 2012 and 2014 British Fashion Awards. In 2012 Fuller accompanied Victoria Beckham to launch the business in China. In February 2012, XIX Entertainment launched a David Beckham bodywear range in 2,500 H&M stores around the world. This was followed in 2015 when Fuller announced a joint venture with Hong Kong-based Global Brands Group Holding Ltd (787) giving Fuller and Beckham ownership of their own apparel business specifically to develop the David Beckham brand and other iconic branded consumer products. The first result of this partnership was the Fall 2016 re-launch of the British heritage menswear label Kent & Curwen, which under Beckham, Fuller and 7 Global ownership currently runs 113 stores in 51 cities worldwide.", "A third single, \"I Wish\", was promoted but never materialised. The single version was a remix featuring Robbie Craig, and was performed on TV on \"Friday Night's All Wright\". Following the announcement of Beckham's second pregnancy, the single was shelved. Beckham was reportedly dropped by Virgin Records along with fellow Spice Girls Emma Bunton and Melanie B,; but a statement from her publicist denied reports, stating: \"No-one has been dropped. The Virgin deal has come to a natural end and both parties have decided not to continue.\" \"Victoria Beckham\" faced a chart battle during the album's release week with Kylie Minogue's \"Fever\". Both singers had previously faced a battle in the singles' chart, when their singles were released on the same day. However, Beckham's album debuted at number ten on the UK Albums Chart on 13 October 2001, whilst Minogue's album topped the charts. \" Victoria Beckham\" charted for three weeks on the chart. However, the album has only sold 50,000 copies overall in the United Kingdom, while costing \u00a35 million to produce. After \"Being Victoria Beckham\", an official documentary that aired in March 2002, the album re-entered the UK Albums Chart at number sixty-seven. Upon its release, the album received mixed to negative reviews. The BBC Music described the album as \"a mish-mash affair of gushy sentiment and wishy-washy RnB\" whilst \"NME\" called the album \"a new low in shameless pop slaggery\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Victoria Beckham\".", "Homme by David Beckham Homme by David Beckham is a men's eau de toilette fragrance endorsed by English footballer David Beckham. The scent, which was released by Coty, Inc. in September 2011, joined his existing scents David Beckham Instinct (2005) and Intimately Beckham (2006), a his-and-hers collection with his wife Victoria Beckham. The fragrance was launched as part of a new branding venture with business partner Simon Fuller, which also included a men's bodywear line and a number of other projects to capitalize on Beckham's worldwide commercial appeal. It was announced on 19 May 2011 that David Beckham and his business partner, Simon Fuller, would be launching a men's bodywear line, a men's fragrance (with licensing partner Coty, Inc.), and a number of other projects to capitalize on Beckham's worldwide commercial appeal. The fragrance, entitled Homme by David Beckham, would join existing scents David Beckham Instinct (2005) and Intimately Beckham (2006), a his-and-hers collection with his wife Victoria Beckham. Steve Mormoris, senior vice president of global marketing for Coty Beauty, told \"Women's Wear Daily\" that the fragrance is a strategic launch for Coty that represents \"getting back to the male roots of the brand, enhancing David as an athlete and an aspirational man and building a new pillar to the David Beckham franchise.\" A new logo was created for all of Beckham's commercial ventures in order to create a \"uniform visual identity\" for the brand. The mark, which was created by Alasdhair Willis, features the David Beckham name in the Replica Pro font, with a circular hole \"punched out of the script\". The hole represents a football and a lens or viewfinder.", "Brooklyn Beckham Brooklyn Joseph Beckham (born 4 March 1999) is an English model and photographer. He is the oldest son of former English footballer David Beckham and English singer-turned-fashion designer Victoria Beckham. Brooklyn Joseph Beckham was born in London, the son of David Beckham and Victoria Beckham (n\u00e9e Adams). It is often reported that he was named Brooklyn because he was conceived in Brooklyn, New York, but he was not; that is where his mother discovered she was pregnant and the place where David Beckham went after the 1998 FIFA World Cup. He grew up in Madrid, Spain, while his father played for Real Madrid and in Los Angeles, California when his father played for LA Galaxy. According to the elder Beckham, he and his younger brothers Romeo and Cruz learned to speak Spanish fluently, and had American accents while living in California. He has three younger siblings: Romeo James, Cruz David and sister Harper Seven. His godparents are Elton John, David Furnish, and Elizabeth Hurley. To earn money for his own things, he worked part time at a coffee shop. Beckham formerly played in the Arsenal F.C. Academy; he left because he didn't want to become a footballer professionally. He started modelling in 2014. He has modelled in editorials and covers for Vogue China, Miss Vogue, Interview, L'Uomo Vogue, T:The New York Times Style Magazine, and Dazed Korea. He photographed a campaign for Burberry BRIT, starring models Ben Rees, Carvell Conduah, Eliza Thomas, Liv Mason Pearson, and Maddie Demaine. He has been photographed by Bruce Weber, Terry Richardson, Daniel Jackson, and Alasdair McLellan. Beckham is a part of a modelling trend where children of famous people and models with large social media presence are successful.", "Victoria Beckham: Coming to America Victoria Beckham: Coming to America was a 2007 one-hour American TV special that featured British former Spice Girl Victoria Beckham moving to the United States where her husband, David Beckham, began his career playing soccer for LA Galaxy of the MLS. The programme was part factual and part a scripted spoof on documentaries such as \"Being Victoria Beckham\" and other shows featuring the Beckhams. Parts of the spoof element featured Victoria being mean to her personal assistant, played by Renee Gauthier. While a hit in the UK, the spoof element was not grasped by the US viewers. Originally meant to serve as the pilot to a serialized reality show, the show drew in only 4.9 million viewers in the US. Produced by 19 Entertainment (Simon Fuller's company that handles the careers of David and Victoria Beckham), what eventually ended up as a one-hour show on NBC was originally supposed to be six half-hour episodes shown weekly as agreed upon by Fuller and NBC months before the scheduled arrival of the Beckhams to the US. However, NBC soon cooled on the idea and unilaterally decided to move the episodes to its lower-profile sister network Bravo on basic cable. The move made Fuller irate, but he only succeeded in getting NBC to reach a compromise: the show would air as a one-hour, stand-alone broadcast on NBC on July 16, 2007 and if it managed to pull in good enough ratings, more episodes would follow. Though it won its time slot on Monday in the usually slow summer TV season, the show got a tepid 2.2 rating in the US, falling well short of the numbers required to make NBC interested in ordering additional episodes. In addition to NBC, the show also aired the same day on CTV in Canada."], "answer": {"text": "Beckham Ventures, a company linked to the Victoria Beckham fashion business, was the best performing brand in the family's three businesses", "answer_start": 226}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "In what ways was Victoria Beckham powerful?", "answer": {"text": "it was reported that Beckham was the 52nd richest woman in Britain", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How much was she worth?", "answer": {"text": "($225 million).", "answer_start": 183, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59b4f759e2b04a0181b5219f7b5afdb4_0_q#3", "question": "Did she do any charity work?", "rewrite": "Did Victoria Beckham do any charity work?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 2007, it was reported that Beckham was the 52nd richest woman in Britain and the 19th richest person in Britain with husband David, with an estimated joint wealth of PS112 million ($225 million). According to The Guardian, Beckham Ventures, a company linked to the Victoria Beckham fashion business, was the best performing brand in the family's three businesses in 2012, coming close to matching turnover in a sister company that promotes the David Beckham brand. In 2010, Beckhams's charity work with Save the Children earned her a nomination for the Do Something With Style Award, an awards show, produced by VH1. She is a patron of the Elton John AIDS Foundation. Beckham promotes faux/synthetic furs. Her stand against the fur industry generated praise from animal rights organisations, including PETA. Beckham has stated that she is \"supportive of its [PETA's] high-profile anti-fur campaigns,\" and pledged \"never to work with fur in any of her own fashion collections\". In February 2013, she was assessed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the UK in the fashion category by Woman's Hour on BBC Radio 4. In 2014, Beckham joined the Ban Bossy campaign as a spokesperson advocating leadership roles for girls. Beckham was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to the fashion industry. She stated she \"delighted and humbled for the recognition,\" which her husband also received in 2003. However, as recipients of honours are sworn to secrecy, and Beckham had announced her honour before the 2017 New Year Honours' official publication, she was criticised for the \"betrayal of etiquette\" by the Conservative MP Peter Bone.", "Homme by David Beckham Homme by David Beckham is a men's eau de toilette fragrance endorsed by English footballer David Beckham. The scent, which was released by Coty, Inc. in September 2011, joined his existing scents David Beckham Instinct (2005) and Intimately Beckham (2006), a his-and-hers collection with his wife Victoria Beckham. The fragrance was launched as part of a new branding venture with business partner Simon Fuller, which also included a men's bodywear line and a number of other projects to capitalize on Beckham's worldwide commercial appeal. It was announced on 19 May 2011 that David Beckham and his business partner, Simon Fuller, would be launching a men's bodywear line, a men's fragrance (with licensing partner Coty, Inc.), and a number of other projects to capitalize on Beckham's worldwide commercial appeal. The fragrance, entitled Homme by David Beckham, would join existing scents David Beckham Instinct (2005) and Intimately Beckham (2006), a his-and-hers collection with his wife Victoria Beckham. Steve Mormoris, senior vice president of global marketing for Coty Beauty, told \"Women's Wear Daily\" that the fragrance is a strategic launch for Coty that represents \"getting back to the male roots of the brand, enhancing David as an athlete and an aspirational man and building a new pillar to the David Beckham franchise.\" A new logo was created for all of Beckham's commercial ventures in order to create a \"uniform visual identity\" for the brand. The mark, which was created by Alasdhair Willis, features the David Beckham name in the Replica Pro font, with a circular hole \"punched out of the script\". The hole represents a football and a lens or viewfinder.", "A third single, \"I Wish\", was promoted but never materialised. The single version was a remix featuring Robbie Craig, and was performed on TV on \"Friday Night's All Wright\". Following the announcement of Beckham's second pregnancy, the single was shelved. Beckham was reportedly dropped by Virgin Records along with fellow Spice Girls Emma Bunton and Melanie B,; but a statement from her publicist denied reports, stating: \"No-one has been dropped. The Virgin deal has come to a natural end and both parties have decided not to continue.\" \"Victoria Beckham\" faced a chart battle during the album's release week with Kylie Minogue's \"Fever\". Both singers had previously faced a battle in the singles' chart, when their singles were released on the same day. However, Beckham's album debuted at number ten on the UK Albums Chart on 13 October 2001, whilst Minogue's album topped the charts. \" Victoria Beckham\" charted for three weeks on the chart. However, the album has only sold 50,000 copies overall in the United Kingdom, while costing \u00a35 million to produce. After \"Being Victoria Beckham\", an official documentary that aired in March 2002, the album re-entered the UK Albums Chart at number sixty-seven. Upon its release, the album received mixed to negative reviews. The BBC Music described the album as \"a mish-mash affair of gushy sentiment and wishy-washy RnB\" whilst \"NME\" called the album \"a new low in shameless pop slaggery\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Victoria Beckham\".", "Victoria Beckham: Coming to America Victoria Beckham: Coming to America was a 2007 one-hour American TV special that featured British former Spice Girl Victoria Beckham moving to the United States where her husband, David Beckham, began his career playing soccer for LA Galaxy of the MLS. The programme was part factual and part a scripted spoof on documentaries such as \"Being Victoria Beckham\" and other shows featuring the Beckhams. Parts of the spoof element featured Victoria being mean to her personal assistant, played by Renee Gauthier. While a hit in the UK, the spoof element was not grasped by the US viewers. Originally meant to serve as the pilot to a serialized reality show, the show drew in only 4.9 million viewers in the US. Produced by 19 Entertainment (Simon Fuller's company that handles the careers of David and Victoria Beckham), what eventually ended up as a one-hour show on NBC was originally supposed to be six half-hour episodes shown weekly as agreed upon by Fuller and NBC months before the scheduled arrival of the Beckhams to the US. However, NBC soon cooled on the idea and unilaterally decided to move the episodes to its lower-profile sister network Bravo on basic cable. The move made Fuller irate, but he only succeeded in getting NBC to reach a compromise: the show would air as a one-hour, stand-alone broadcast on NBC on July 16, 2007 and if it managed to pull in good enough ratings, more episodes would follow. Though it won its time slot on Monday in the usually slow summer TV season, the show got a tepid 2.2 rating in the US, falling well short of the numbers required to make NBC interested in ordering additional episodes. In addition to NBC, the show also aired the same day on CTV in Canada.", "Under Fuller\u2019s guidance, the Spice Girls became a marketing phenomenon, rose to chart topper status worldwide and went on to sell over 85 million records. In 2002 Fuller's company discovered 19-year-old Amy Winehouse, produced her first award-winning album and signed her to Universal Music. In 2005, 2006 and 2007 the biggest selling music acts in North America (Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood and Daughtry) were all managed by Fuller. In October 2016 Fuller announced a joint venture with the 4 original members of the Swedish super group ABBA to involve Mamma Mia 2, new ABBA movie, London ABBA exhibition and the creation of the new digital ABBA. Simon Fuller owns significant stakes in British fashion businesses Victoria Beckham Ltd and the Roland Mouret brand. In 2006 Fuller brokered the deal for 19 Entertainment to purchase a majority share in Storm Model Management. In 2008 Fuller launched the Victoria Beckham dress collection at New York Fashion Week. Since then Victoria Beckham Limited has grown to become a best selling high-end fashion brand, stocked in 400+ outlets around the world and winning plaudits that include Brand of The Year 2012 and 2014 British Fashion Awards. In 2012 Fuller accompanied Victoria Beckham to launch the business in China. In February 2012, XIX Entertainment launched a David Beckham bodywear range in 2,500 H&M stores around the world. This was followed in 2015 when Fuller announced a joint venture with Hong Kong-based Global Brands Group Holding Ltd (787) giving Fuller and Beckham ownership of their own apparel business specifically to develop the David Beckham brand and other iconic branded consumer products. The first result of this partnership was the Fall 2016 re-launch of the British heritage menswear label Kent & Curwen, which under Beckham, Fuller and 7 Global ownership currently runs 113 stores in 51 cities worldwide."], "answer": {"text": "Beckhams's charity work with Save the Children earned her a nomination for the Do Something With Style Award,", "answer_start": 477}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "In what ways was Victoria Beckham powerful?", "answer": {"text": "it was reported that Beckham was the 52nd richest woman in Britain", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How much was she worth?", "answer": {"text": "($225 million).", "answer_start": 183, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she earn her wealth?", "answer": {"text": "Beckham Ventures, a company linked to the Victoria Beckham fashion business, was the best performing brand in the family's three businesses", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59b4f759e2b04a0181b5219f7b5afdb4_0_q#4", "question": "How did she earn the award?", "rewrite": "How did Victoria Beckham earn the Do Something With Style award?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Under Fuller\u2019s guidance, the Spice Girls became a marketing phenomenon, rose to chart topper status worldwide and went on to sell over 85 million records. In 2002 Fuller's company discovered 19-year-old Amy Winehouse, produced her first award-winning album and signed her to Universal Music. In 2005, 2006 and 2007 the biggest selling music acts in North America (Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood and Daughtry) were all managed by Fuller. In October 2016 Fuller announced a joint venture with the 4 original members of the Swedish super group ABBA to involve Mamma Mia 2, new ABBA movie, London ABBA exhibition and the creation of the new digital ABBA. Simon Fuller owns significant stakes in British fashion businesses Victoria Beckham Ltd and the Roland Mouret brand. In 2006 Fuller brokered the deal for 19 Entertainment to purchase a majority share in Storm Model Management. In 2008 Fuller launched the Victoria Beckham dress collection at New York Fashion Week. Since then Victoria Beckham Limited has grown to become a best selling high-end fashion brand, stocked in 400+ outlets around the world and winning plaudits that include Brand of The Year 2012 and 2014 British Fashion Awards. In 2012 Fuller accompanied Victoria Beckham to launch the business in China. In February 2012, XIX Entertainment launched a David Beckham bodywear range in 2,500 H&M stores around the world. This was followed in 2015 when Fuller announced a joint venture with Hong Kong-based Global Brands Group Holding Ltd (787) giving Fuller and Beckham ownership of their own apparel business specifically to develop the David Beckham brand and other iconic branded consumer products. The first result of this partnership was the Fall 2016 re-launch of the British heritage menswear label Kent & Curwen, which under Beckham, Fuller and 7 Global ownership currently runs 113 stores in 51 cities worldwide.", "Brooklyn Beckham Brooklyn Joseph Beckham (born 4 March 1999) is an English model and photographer. He is the oldest son of former English footballer David Beckham and English singer-turned-fashion designer Victoria Beckham. Brooklyn Joseph Beckham was born in London, the son of David Beckham and Victoria Beckham (n\u00e9e Adams). It is often reported that he was named Brooklyn because he was conceived in Brooklyn, New York, but he was not; that is where his mother discovered she was pregnant and the place where David Beckham went after the 1998 FIFA World Cup. He grew up in Madrid, Spain, while his father played for Real Madrid and in Los Angeles, California when his father played for LA Galaxy. According to the elder Beckham, he and his younger brothers Romeo and Cruz learned to speak Spanish fluently, and had American accents while living in California. He has three younger siblings: Romeo James, Cruz David and sister Harper Seven. His godparents are Elton John, David Furnish, and Elizabeth Hurley. To earn money for his own things, he worked part time at a coffee shop. Beckham formerly played in the Arsenal F.C. Academy; he left because he didn't want to become a footballer professionally. He started modelling in 2014. He has modelled in editorials and covers for Vogue China, Miss Vogue, Interview, L'Uomo Vogue, T:The New York Times Style Magazine, and Dazed Korea. He photographed a campaign for Burberry BRIT, starring models Ben Rees, Carvell Conduah, Eliza Thomas, Liv Mason Pearson, and Maddie Demaine. He has been photographed by Bruce Weber, Terry Richardson, Daniel Jackson, and Alasdair McLellan. Beckham is a part of a modelling trend where children of famous people and models with large social media presence are successful.", "A third single, \"I Wish\", was promoted but never materialised. The single version was a remix featuring Robbie Craig, and was performed on TV on \"Friday Night's All Wright\". Following the announcement of Beckham's second pregnancy, the single was shelved. Beckham was reportedly dropped by Virgin Records along with fellow Spice Girls Emma Bunton and Melanie B,; but a statement from her publicist denied reports, stating: \"No-one has been dropped. The Virgin deal has come to a natural end and both parties have decided not to continue.\" \"Victoria Beckham\" faced a chart battle during the album's release week with Kylie Minogue's \"Fever\". Both singers had previously faced a battle in the singles' chart, when their singles were released on the same day. However, Beckham's album debuted at number ten on the UK Albums Chart on 13 October 2001, whilst Minogue's album topped the charts. \" Victoria Beckham\" charted for three weeks on the chart. However, the album has only sold 50,000 copies overall in the United Kingdom, while costing \u00a35 million to produce. After \"Being Victoria Beckham\", an official documentary that aired in March 2002, the album re-entered the UK Albums Chart at number sixty-seven. Upon its release, the album received mixed to negative reviews. The BBC Music described the album as \"a mish-mash affair of gushy sentiment and wishy-washy RnB\" whilst \"NME\" called the album \"a new low in shameless pop slaggery\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Victoria Beckham\".", "In 2007, it was reported that Beckham was the 52nd richest woman in Britain and the 19th richest person in Britain with husband David, with an estimated joint wealth of PS112 million ($225 million). According to The Guardian, Beckham Ventures, a company linked to the Victoria Beckham fashion business, was the best performing brand in the family's three businesses in 2012, coming close to matching turnover in a sister company that promotes the David Beckham brand. In 2010, Beckhams's charity work with Save the Children earned her a nomination for the Do Something With Style Award, an awards show, produced by VH1. She is a patron of the Elton John AIDS Foundation. Beckham promotes faux/synthetic furs. Her stand against the fur industry generated praise from animal rights organisations, including PETA. Beckham has stated that she is \"supportive of its [PETA's] high-profile anti-fur campaigns,\" and pledged \"never to work with fur in any of her own fashion collections\". In February 2013, she was assessed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the UK in the fashion category by Woman's Hour on BBC Radio 4. In 2014, Beckham joined the Ban Bossy campaign as a spokesperson advocating leadership roles for girls. Beckham was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to the fashion industry. She stated she \"delighted and humbled for the recognition,\" which her husband also received in 2003. However, as recipients of honours are sworn to secrecy, and Beckham had announced her honour before the 2017 New Year Honours' official publication, she was criticised for the \"betrayal of etiquette\" by the Conservative MP Peter Bone.", "Victoria Beckham: Coming to America Victoria Beckham: Coming to America was a 2007 one-hour American TV special that featured British former Spice Girl Victoria Beckham moving to the United States where her husband, David Beckham, began his career playing soccer for LA Galaxy of the MLS. The programme was part factual and part a scripted spoof on documentaries such as \"Being Victoria Beckham\" and other shows featuring the Beckhams. Parts of the spoof element featured Victoria being mean to her personal assistant, played by Renee Gauthier. While a hit in the UK, the spoof element was not grasped by the US viewers. Originally meant to serve as the pilot to a serialized reality show, the show drew in only 4.9 million viewers in the US. Produced by 19 Entertainment (Simon Fuller's company that handles the careers of David and Victoria Beckham), what eventually ended up as a one-hour show on NBC was originally supposed to be six half-hour episodes shown weekly as agreed upon by Fuller and NBC months before the scheduled arrival of the Beckhams to the US. However, NBC soon cooled on the idea and unilaterally decided to move the episodes to its lower-profile sister network Bravo on basic cable. The move made Fuller irate, but he only succeeded in getting NBC to reach a compromise: the show would air as a one-hour, stand-alone broadcast on NBC on July 16, 2007 and if it managed to pull in good enough ratings, more episodes would follow. Though it won its time slot on Monday in the usually slow summer TV season, the show got a tepid 2.2 rating in the US, falling well short of the numbers required to make NBC interested in ordering additional episodes. In addition to NBC, the show also aired the same day on CTV in Canada."], "answer": {"text": "charity work with Save the Children", "answer_start": 488}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "In what ways was Victoria Beckham powerful?", "answer": {"text": "it was reported that Beckham was the 52nd richest woman in Britain", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How much was she worth?", "answer": {"text": "($225 million).", "answer_start": 183, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she earn her wealth?", "answer": {"text": "Beckham Ventures, a company linked to the Victoria Beckham fashion business, was the best performing brand in the family's three businesses", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she do any charity work?", "answer": {"text": "Beckhams's charity work with Save the Children earned her a nomination for the Do Something With Style Award,", "answer_start": 477, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59b4f759e2b04a0181b5219f7b5afdb4_0_q#5", "question": "What else did she do?", "rewrite": "Besides charity work, what else did Victoria Beckham do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Homme by David Beckham Homme by David Beckham is a men's eau de toilette fragrance endorsed by English footballer David Beckham. The scent, which was released by Coty, Inc. in September 2011, joined his existing scents David Beckham Instinct (2005) and Intimately Beckham (2006), a his-and-hers collection with his wife Victoria Beckham. The fragrance was launched as part of a new branding venture with business partner Simon Fuller, which also included a men's bodywear line and a number of other projects to capitalize on Beckham's worldwide commercial appeal. It was announced on 19 May 2011 that David Beckham and his business partner, Simon Fuller, would be launching a men's bodywear line, a men's fragrance (with licensing partner Coty, Inc.), and a number of other projects to capitalize on Beckham's worldwide commercial appeal. The fragrance, entitled Homme by David Beckham, would join existing scents David Beckham Instinct (2005) and Intimately Beckham (2006), a his-and-hers collection with his wife Victoria Beckham. Steve Mormoris, senior vice president of global marketing for Coty Beauty, told \"Women's Wear Daily\" that the fragrance is a strategic launch for Coty that represents \"getting back to the male roots of the brand, enhancing David as an athlete and an aspirational man and building a new pillar to the David Beckham franchise.\" A new logo was created for all of Beckham's commercial ventures in order to create a \"uniform visual identity\" for the brand. The mark, which was created by Alasdhair Willis, features the David Beckham name in the Replica Pro font, with a circular hole \"punched out of the script\". The hole represents a football and a lens or viewfinder.", "Under Fuller\u2019s guidance, the Spice Girls became a marketing phenomenon, rose to chart topper status worldwide and went on to sell over 85 million records. In 2002 Fuller's company discovered 19-year-old Amy Winehouse, produced her first award-winning album and signed her to Universal Music. In 2005, 2006 and 2007 the biggest selling music acts in North America (Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood and Daughtry) were all managed by Fuller. In October 2016 Fuller announced a joint venture with the 4 original members of the Swedish super group ABBA to involve Mamma Mia 2, new ABBA movie, London ABBA exhibition and the creation of the new digital ABBA. Simon Fuller owns significant stakes in British fashion businesses Victoria Beckham Ltd and the Roland Mouret brand. In 2006 Fuller brokered the deal for 19 Entertainment to purchase a majority share in Storm Model Management. In 2008 Fuller launched the Victoria Beckham dress collection at New York Fashion Week. Since then Victoria Beckham Limited has grown to become a best selling high-end fashion brand, stocked in 400+ outlets around the world and winning plaudits that include Brand of The Year 2012 and 2014 British Fashion Awards. In 2012 Fuller accompanied Victoria Beckham to launch the business in China. In February 2012, XIX Entertainment launched a David Beckham bodywear range in 2,500 H&M stores around the world. This was followed in 2015 when Fuller announced a joint venture with Hong Kong-based Global Brands Group Holding Ltd (787) giving Fuller and Beckham ownership of their own apparel business specifically to develop the David Beckham brand and other iconic branded consumer products. The first result of this partnership was the Fall 2016 re-launch of the British heritage menswear label Kent & Curwen, which under Beckham, Fuller and 7 Global ownership currently runs 113 stores in 51 cities worldwide.", "A third single, \"I Wish\", was promoted but never materialised. The single version was a remix featuring Robbie Craig, and was performed on TV on \"Friday Night's All Wright\". Following the announcement of Beckham's second pregnancy, the single was shelved. Beckham was reportedly dropped by Virgin Records along with fellow Spice Girls Emma Bunton and Melanie B,; but a statement from her publicist denied reports, stating: \"No-one has been dropped. The Virgin deal has come to a natural end and both parties have decided not to continue.\" \"Victoria Beckham\" faced a chart battle during the album's release week with Kylie Minogue's \"Fever\". Both singers had previously faced a battle in the singles' chart, when their singles were released on the same day. However, Beckham's album debuted at number ten on the UK Albums Chart on 13 October 2001, whilst Minogue's album topped the charts. \" Victoria Beckham\" charted for three weeks on the chart. However, the album has only sold 50,000 copies overall in the United Kingdom, while costing \u00a35 million to produce. After \"Being Victoria Beckham\", an official documentary that aired in March 2002, the album re-entered the UK Albums Chart at number sixty-seven. Upon its release, the album received mixed to negative reviews. The BBC Music described the album as \"a mish-mash affair of gushy sentiment and wishy-washy RnB\" whilst \"NME\" called the album \"a new low in shameless pop slaggery\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Victoria Beckham\".", "In 2007, it was reported that Beckham was the 52nd richest woman in Britain and the 19th richest person in Britain with husband David, with an estimated joint wealth of PS112 million ($225 million). According to The Guardian, Beckham Ventures, a company linked to the Victoria Beckham fashion business, was the best performing brand in the family's three businesses in 2012, coming close to matching turnover in a sister company that promotes the David Beckham brand. In 2010, Beckhams's charity work with Save the Children earned her a nomination for the Do Something With Style Award, an awards show, produced by VH1. She is a patron of the Elton John AIDS Foundation. Beckham promotes faux/synthetic furs. Her stand against the fur industry generated praise from animal rights organisations, including PETA. Beckham has stated that she is \"supportive of its [PETA's] high-profile anti-fur campaigns,\" and pledged \"never to work with fur in any of her own fashion collections\". In February 2013, she was assessed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the UK in the fashion category by Woman's Hour on BBC Radio 4. In 2014, Beckham joined the Ban Bossy campaign as a spokesperson advocating leadership roles for girls. Beckham was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to the fashion industry. She stated she \"delighted and humbled for the recognition,\" which her husband also received in 2003. However, as recipients of honours are sworn to secrecy, and Beckham had announced her honour before the 2017 New Year Honours' official publication, she was criticised for the \"betrayal of etiquette\" by the Conservative MP Peter Bone.", "Victoria Beckham: Coming to America Victoria Beckham: Coming to America was a 2007 one-hour American TV special that featured British former Spice Girl Victoria Beckham moving to the United States where her husband, David Beckham, began his career playing soccer for LA Galaxy of the MLS. The programme was part factual and part a scripted spoof on documentaries such as \"Being Victoria Beckham\" and other shows featuring the Beckhams. Parts of the spoof element featured Victoria being mean to her personal assistant, played by Renee Gauthier. While a hit in the UK, the spoof element was not grasped by the US viewers. Originally meant to serve as the pilot to a serialized reality show, the show drew in only 4.9 million viewers in the US. Produced by 19 Entertainment (Simon Fuller's company that handles the careers of David and Victoria Beckham), what eventually ended up as a one-hour show on NBC was originally supposed to be six half-hour episodes shown weekly as agreed upon by Fuller and NBC months before the scheduled arrival of the Beckhams to the US. However, NBC soon cooled on the idea and unilaterally decided to move the episodes to its lower-profile sister network Bravo on basic cable. The move made Fuller irate, but he only succeeded in getting NBC to reach a compromise: the show would air as a one-hour, stand-alone broadcast on NBC on July 16, 2007 and if it managed to pull in good enough ratings, more episodes would follow. Though it won its time slot on Monday in the usually slow summer TV season, the show got a tepid 2.2 rating in the US, falling well short of the numbers required to make NBC interested in ordering additional episodes. In addition to NBC, the show also aired the same day on CTV in Canada."], "answer": {"text": "Beckham promotes faux/synthetic furs. Her stand against the fur industry generated praise from animal rights organisations,", "answer_start": 671}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "In what ways was Victoria Beckham powerful?", "answer": {"text": "it was reported that Beckham was the 52nd richest woman in Britain", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How much was she worth?", "answer": {"text": "($225 million).", "answer_start": 183, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she earn her wealth?", "answer": {"text": "Beckham Ventures, a company linked to the Victoria Beckham fashion business, was the best performing brand in the family's three businesses", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she do any charity work?", "answer": {"text": "Beckhams's charity work with Save the Children earned her a nomination for the Do Something With Style Award,", "answer_start": 477, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she earn the award?", "answer": {"text": "charity work with Save the Children", "answer_start": 488, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59b4f759e2b04a0181b5219f7b5afdb4_0_q#6", "question": "Which animal rights organizations?", "rewrite": "Which animal rights organizations did Victoria Beckham generate praise from?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A third single, \"I Wish\", was promoted but never materialised. The single version was a remix featuring Robbie Craig, and was performed on TV on \"Friday Night's All Wright\". Following the announcement of Beckham's second pregnancy, the single was shelved. Beckham was reportedly dropped by Virgin Records along with fellow Spice Girls Emma Bunton and Melanie B,; but a statement from her publicist denied reports, stating: \"No-one has been dropped. The Virgin deal has come to a natural end and both parties have decided not to continue.\" \"Victoria Beckham\" faced a chart battle during the album's release week with Kylie Minogue's \"Fever\". Both singers had previously faced a battle in the singles' chart, when their singles were released on the same day. However, Beckham's album debuted at number ten on the UK Albums Chart on 13 October 2001, whilst Minogue's album topped the charts. \" Victoria Beckham\" charted for three weeks on the chart. However, the album has only sold 50,000 copies overall in the United Kingdom, while costing \u00a35 million to produce. After \"Being Victoria Beckham\", an official documentary that aired in March 2002, the album re-entered the UK Albums Chart at number sixty-seven. Upon its release, the album received mixed to negative reviews. The BBC Music described the album as \"a mish-mash affair of gushy sentiment and wishy-washy RnB\" whilst \"NME\" called the album \"a new low in shameless pop slaggery\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Victoria Beckham\".", "Victoria Beckham: Coming to America Victoria Beckham: Coming to America was a 2007 one-hour American TV special that featured British former Spice Girl Victoria Beckham moving to the United States where her husband, David Beckham, began his career playing soccer for LA Galaxy of the MLS. The programme was part factual and part a scripted spoof on documentaries such as \"Being Victoria Beckham\" and other shows featuring the Beckhams. Parts of the spoof element featured Victoria being mean to her personal assistant, played by Renee Gauthier. While a hit in the UK, the spoof element was not grasped by the US viewers. Originally meant to serve as the pilot to a serialized reality show, the show drew in only 4.9 million viewers in the US. Produced by 19 Entertainment (Simon Fuller's company that handles the careers of David and Victoria Beckham), what eventually ended up as a one-hour show on NBC was originally supposed to be six half-hour episodes shown weekly as agreed upon by Fuller and NBC months before the scheduled arrival of the Beckhams to the US. However, NBC soon cooled on the idea and unilaterally decided to move the episodes to its lower-profile sister network Bravo on basic cable. The move made Fuller irate, but he only succeeded in getting NBC to reach a compromise: the show would air as a one-hour, stand-alone broadcast on NBC on July 16, 2007 and if it managed to pull in good enough ratings, more episodes would follow. Though it won its time slot on Monday in the usually slow summer TV season, the show got a tepid 2.2 rating in the US, falling well short of the numbers required to make NBC interested in ordering additional episodes. In addition to NBC, the show also aired the same day on CTV in Canada.", "Under Fuller\u2019s guidance, the Spice Girls became a marketing phenomenon, rose to chart topper status worldwide and went on to sell over 85 million records. In 2002 Fuller's company discovered 19-year-old Amy Winehouse, produced her first award-winning album and signed her to Universal Music. In 2005, 2006 and 2007 the biggest selling music acts in North America (Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood and Daughtry) were all managed by Fuller. In October 2016 Fuller announced a joint venture with the 4 original members of the Swedish super group ABBA to involve Mamma Mia 2, new ABBA movie, London ABBA exhibition and the creation of the new digital ABBA. Simon Fuller owns significant stakes in British fashion businesses Victoria Beckham Ltd and the Roland Mouret brand. In 2006 Fuller brokered the deal for 19 Entertainment to purchase a majority share in Storm Model Management. In 2008 Fuller launched the Victoria Beckham dress collection at New York Fashion Week. Since then Victoria Beckham Limited has grown to become a best selling high-end fashion brand, stocked in 400+ outlets around the world and winning plaudits that include Brand of The Year 2012 and 2014 British Fashion Awards. In 2012 Fuller accompanied Victoria Beckham to launch the business in China. In February 2012, XIX Entertainment launched a David Beckham bodywear range in 2,500 H&M stores around the world. This was followed in 2015 when Fuller announced a joint venture with Hong Kong-based Global Brands Group Holding Ltd (787) giving Fuller and Beckham ownership of their own apparel business specifically to develop the David Beckham brand and other iconic branded consumer products. The first result of this partnership was the Fall 2016 re-launch of the British heritage menswear label Kent & Curwen, which under Beckham, Fuller and 7 Global ownership currently runs 113 stores in 51 cities worldwide.", "In 2007, it was reported that Beckham was the 52nd richest woman in Britain and the 19th richest person in Britain with husband David, with an estimated joint wealth of PS112 million ($225 million). According to The Guardian, Beckham Ventures, a company linked to the Victoria Beckham fashion business, was the best performing brand in the family's three businesses in 2012, coming close to matching turnover in a sister company that promotes the David Beckham brand. In 2010, Beckhams's charity work with Save the Children earned her a nomination for the Do Something With Style Award, an awards show, produced by VH1. She is a patron of the Elton John AIDS Foundation. Beckham promotes faux/synthetic furs. Her stand against the fur industry generated praise from animal rights organisations, including PETA. Beckham has stated that she is \"supportive of its [PETA's] high-profile anti-fur campaigns,\" and pledged \"never to work with fur in any of her own fashion collections\". In February 2013, she was assessed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the UK in the fashion category by Woman's Hour on BBC Radio 4. In 2014, Beckham joined the Ban Bossy campaign as a spokesperson advocating leadership roles for girls. Beckham was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to the fashion industry. She stated she \"delighted and humbled for the recognition,\" which her husband also received in 2003. However, as recipients of honours are sworn to secrecy, and Beckham had announced her honour before the 2017 New Year Honours' official publication, she was criticised for the \"betrayal of etiquette\" by the Conservative MP Peter Bone.", "Homme by David Beckham Homme by David Beckham is a men's eau de toilette fragrance endorsed by English footballer David Beckham. The scent, which was released by Coty, Inc. in September 2011, joined his existing scents David Beckham Instinct (2005) and Intimately Beckham (2006), a his-and-hers collection with his wife Victoria Beckham. The fragrance was launched as part of a new branding venture with business partner Simon Fuller, which also included a men's bodywear line and a number of other projects to capitalize on Beckham's worldwide commercial appeal. It was announced on 19 May 2011 that David Beckham and his business partner, Simon Fuller, would be launching a men's bodywear line, a men's fragrance (with licensing partner Coty, Inc.), and a number of other projects to capitalize on Beckham's worldwide commercial appeal. The fragrance, entitled Homme by David Beckham, would join existing scents David Beckham Instinct (2005) and Intimately Beckham (2006), a his-and-hers collection with his wife Victoria Beckham. Steve Mormoris, senior vice president of global marketing for Coty Beauty, told \"Women's Wear Daily\" that the fragrance is a strategic launch for Coty that represents \"getting back to the male roots of the brand, enhancing David as an athlete and an aspirational man and building a new pillar to the David Beckham franchise.\" A new logo was created for all of Beckham's commercial ventures in order to create a \"uniform visual identity\" for the brand. The mark, which was created by Alasdhair Willis, features the David Beckham name in the Replica Pro font, with a circular hole \"punched out of the script\". The hole represents a football and a lens or viewfinder."], "answer": {"text": "PETA.", "answer_start": 805}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "In what ways was Victoria Beckham powerful?", "answer": {"text": "it was reported that Beckham was the 52nd richest woman in Britain", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How much was she worth?", "answer": {"text": "($225 million).", "answer_start": 183, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she earn her wealth?", "answer": {"text": "Beckham Ventures, a company linked to the Victoria Beckham fashion business, was the best performing brand in the family's three businesses", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she do any charity work?", "answer": {"text": "Beckhams's charity work with Save the Children earned her a nomination for the Do Something With Style Award,", "answer_start": 477, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she earn the award?", "answer": {"text": "charity work with Save the Children", "answer_start": 488, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did she do?", "answer": {"text": "Beckham promotes faux/synthetic furs. Her stand against the fur industry generated praise from animal rights organisations,", "answer_start": 671, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59b4f759e2b04a0181b5219f7b5afdb4_0_q#7", "question": "Did she work with any other charitable organizations?", "rewrite": "Besides PETA, did Victoria Beckham work with any other charitable organizations?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Victoria Beckham: Coming to America Victoria Beckham: Coming to America was a 2007 one-hour American TV special that featured British former Spice Girl Victoria Beckham moving to the United States where her husband, David Beckham, began his career playing soccer for LA Galaxy of the MLS. The programme was part factual and part a scripted spoof on documentaries such as \"Being Victoria Beckham\" and other shows featuring the Beckhams. Parts of the spoof element featured Victoria being mean to her personal assistant, played by Renee Gauthier. While a hit in the UK, the spoof element was not grasped by the US viewers. Originally meant to serve as the pilot to a serialized reality show, the show drew in only 4.9 million viewers in the US. Produced by 19 Entertainment (Simon Fuller's company that handles the careers of David and Victoria Beckham), what eventually ended up as a one-hour show on NBC was originally supposed to be six half-hour episodes shown weekly as agreed upon by Fuller and NBC months before the scheduled arrival of the Beckhams to the US. However, NBC soon cooled on the idea and unilaterally decided to move the episodes to its lower-profile sister network Bravo on basic cable. The move made Fuller irate, but he only succeeded in getting NBC to reach a compromise: the show would air as a one-hour, stand-alone broadcast on NBC on July 16, 2007 and if it managed to pull in good enough ratings, more episodes would follow. Though it won its time slot on Monday in the usually slow summer TV season, the show got a tepid 2.2 rating in the US, falling well short of the numbers required to make NBC interested in ordering additional episodes. In addition to NBC, the show also aired the same day on CTV in Canada.", "A third single, \"I Wish\", was promoted but never materialised. The single version was a remix featuring Robbie Craig, and was performed on TV on \"Friday Night's All Wright\". Following the announcement of Beckham's second pregnancy, the single was shelved. Beckham was reportedly dropped by Virgin Records along with fellow Spice Girls Emma Bunton and Melanie B,; but a statement from her publicist denied reports, stating: \"No-one has been dropped. The Virgin deal has come to a natural end and both parties have decided not to continue.\" \"Victoria Beckham\" faced a chart battle during the album's release week with Kylie Minogue's \"Fever\". Both singers had previously faced a battle in the singles' chart, when their singles were released on the same day. However, Beckham's album debuted at number ten on the UK Albums Chart on 13 October 2001, whilst Minogue's album topped the charts. \" Victoria Beckham\" charted for three weeks on the chart. However, the album has only sold 50,000 copies overall in the United Kingdom, while costing \u00a35 million to produce. After \"Being Victoria Beckham\", an official documentary that aired in March 2002, the album re-entered the UK Albums Chart at number sixty-seven. Upon its release, the album received mixed to negative reviews. The BBC Music described the album as \"a mish-mash affair of gushy sentiment and wishy-washy RnB\" whilst \"NME\" called the album \"a new low in shameless pop slaggery\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Victoria Beckham\".", "Under Fuller\u2019s guidance, the Spice Girls became a marketing phenomenon, rose to chart topper status worldwide and went on to sell over 85 million records. In 2002 Fuller's company discovered 19-year-old Amy Winehouse, produced her first award-winning album and signed her to Universal Music. In 2005, 2006 and 2007 the biggest selling music acts in North America (Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood and Daughtry) were all managed by Fuller. In October 2016 Fuller announced a joint venture with the 4 original members of the Swedish super group ABBA to involve Mamma Mia 2, new ABBA movie, London ABBA exhibition and the creation of the new digital ABBA. Simon Fuller owns significant stakes in British fashion businesses Victoria Beckham Ltd and the Roland Mouret brand. In 2006 Fuller brokered the deal for 19 Entertainment to purchase a majority share in Storm Model Management. In 2008 Fuller launched the Victoria Beckham dress collection at New York Fashion Week. Since then Victoria Beckham Limited has grown to become a best selling high-end fashion brand, stocked in 400+ outlets around the world and winning plaudits that include Brand of The Year 2012 and 2014 British Fashion Awards. In 2012 Fuller accompanied Victoria Beckham to launch the business in China. In February 2012, XIX Entertainment launched a David Beckham bodywear range in 2,500 H&M stores around the world. This was followed in 2015 when Fuller announced a joint venture with Hong Kong-based Global Brands Group Holding Ltd (787) giving Fuller and Beckham ownership of their own apparel business specifically to develop the David Beckham brand and other iconic branded consumer products. The first result of this partnership was the Fall 2016 re-launch of the British heritage menswear label Kent & Curwen, which under Beckham, Fuller and 7 Global ownership currently runs 113 stores in 51 cities worldwide.", "Homme by David Beckham Homme by David Beckham is a men's eau de toilette fragrance endorsed by English footballer David Beckham. The scent, which was released by Coty, Inc. in September 2011, joined his existing scents David Beckham Instinct (2005) and Intimately Beckham (2006), a his-and-hers collection with his wife Victoria Beckham. The fragrance was launched as part of a new branding venture with business partner Simon Fuller, which also included a men's bodywear line and a number of other projects to capitalize on Beckham's worldwide commercial appeal. It was announced on 19 May 2011 that David Beckham and his business partner, Simon Fuller, would be launching a men's bodywear line, a men's fragrance (with licensing partner Coty, Inc.), and a number of other projects to capitalize on Beckham's worldwide commercial appeal. The fragrance, entitled Homme by David Beckham, would join existing scents David Beckham Instinct (2005) and Intimately Beckham (2006), a his-and-hers collection with his wife Victoria Beckham. Steve Mormoris, senior vice president of global marketing for Coty Beauty, told \"Women's Wear Daily\" that the fragrance is a strategic launch for Coty that represents \"getting back to the male roots of the brand, enhancing David as an athlete and an aspirational man and building a new pillar to the David Beckham franchise.\" A new logo was created for all of Beckham's commercial ventures in order to create a \"uniform visual identity\" for the brand. The mark, which was created by Alasdhair Willis, features the David Beckham name in the Replica Pro font, with a circular hole \"punched out of the script\". The hole represents a football and a lens or viewfinder.", "In 2007, it was reported that Beckham was the 52nd richest woman in Britain and the 19th richest person in Britain with husband David, with an estimated joint wealth of PS112 million ($225 million). According to The Guardian, Beckham Ventures, a company linked to the Victoria Beckham fashion business, was the best performing brand in the family's three businesses in 2012, coming close to matching turnover in a sister company that promotes the David Beckham brand. In 2010, Beckhams's charity work with Save the Children earned her a nomination for the Do Something With Style Award, an awards show, produced by VH1. She is a patron of the Elton John AIDS Foundation. Beckham promotes faux/synthetic furs. Her stand against the fur industry generated praise from animal rights organisations, including PETA. Beckham has stated that she is \"supportive of its [PETA's] high-profile anti-fur campaigns,\" and pledged \"never to work with fur in any of her own fashion collections\". In February 2013, she was assessed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the UK in the fashion category by Woman's Hour on BBC Radio 4. In 2014, Beckham joined the Ban Bossy campaign as a spokesperson advocating leadership roles for girls. Beckham was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to the fashion industry. She stated she \"delighted and humbled for the recognition,\" which her husband also received in 2003. However, as recipients of honours are sworn to secrecy, and Beckham had announced her honour before the 2017 New Year Honours' official publication, she was criticised for the \"betrayal of etiquette\" by the Conservative MP Peter Bone."], "answer": {"text": "In 2014, Beckham joined the Ban Bossy campaign", "answer_start": 1119}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "In what ways was Victoria Beckham powerful?", "answer": {"text": "it was reported that Beckham was the 52nd richest woman in Britain", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How much was she worth?", "answer": {"text": "($225 million).", "answer_start": 183, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she earn her wealth?", "answer": {"text": "Beckham Ventures, a company linked to the Victoria Beckham fashion business, was the best performing brand in the family's three businesses", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she do any charity work?", "answer": {"text": "Beckhams's charity work with Save the Children earned her a nomination for the Do Something With Style Award,", "answer_start": 477, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she earn the award?", "answer": {"text": "charity work with Save the Children", "answer_start": 488, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did she do?", "answer": {"text": "Beckham promotes faux/synthetic furs. Her stand against the fur industry generated praise from animal rights organisations,", "answer_start": 671, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which animal rights organizations?", "answer": {"text": "PETA.", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59b4f759e2b04a0181b5219f7b5afdb4_0_q#8", "question": "What was the Ban Bossy campaign?", "rewrite": "What was the Ban Bossy campaign?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sandberg mentions both of these issues in the introduction of her book, stating that she is \"acutely aware that the vast majority of women are struggling to make ends meet and take care of their families\" and that her intention was to \"offer advice that would have been useful long before I had heard of Google or Facebook.\" Furthermore, following the \"Facebook and Cambridge Analytica data breach\" scandal, Sandberg's willingness to actually lean in has been put into question. \"She's not leaning in at all,\" McNamee said, in a reference Sandberg's widely read book published five years ago. \"If ever there was a time for her to lean in, this is it.\" In her book, she does suggest other women to lean in during challenges. Instead, she has been perceived as a COO who avoids engaging in this crisis. \"Sandberg, the architect of the business model that is now the subject of so much scrutiny, has remained silent in public.\" In her book she recognizes those who do tackle crises: Sandberg released her second book, \"Option B,\" in April 2017. \"Option B\" is co-authored with Adam Grant, a professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. The book puts emphasis on grief and resilience in challenges within life. It offers practical tips for creating resilience in the family and community. 2.75 million copies have been sold since publication. In March 2014, Sandberg and Lean In sponsored the Ban Bossy campaign, a television and social media campaign designed to discourage the word \"bossy\" from general use due to its perceived harmful effect on young girls.", "and I think that that's where we should be. I've called myself at times mildly pro-choice. \" She would not want the federal government \"forcing its views on one side or the other. \" She does not want the Supreme Court decision legalizing abortion, \"Roe v. Wade\", to be overturned. Rice said she believes President Bush \"has been in exactly the right place\" on abortion, \"which is we have to respect the culture of life and we have to try and bring people to have respect for it and make this as rare a circumstance as possible\". However, she added that she has been \"concerned about a government role\" but has \"tended to agree with those who do not favor federal funding for abortion, because I believe that those who hold a strong moral view on the other side should not be forced to fund\" the procedure. Rice has taken a centrist approach to \"race and gender preferences\" in affirmative action policies. She described affirmative action as being \"still needed,\" but she does not support quotas. In March 2014 Rice joined and appeared in video spots for the Ban Bossy campaign, a television and social media campaign designed to ban the word \"bossy\" from general use because of its harmful effect on young girls. Several video spots with other notable spokespersons including Beyonc\u00e9, Jennifer Garner and others were produced along with a web site providing school training material, leadership tips, and an online pledge form to which visitors can promise not to use the word. Condoleezza Rice supported the comprehensive immigration plan backed by the Bush administration and shared that it was among her regrets that it did not pass through Congress. In 2014, Rice criticized the Obama administration from seeking to approve immigration reforms through executive action. In February 2017 Rice publicly announced her opposition to the Trump administration's travel ban.", "I'm Not Bossy, I'm the Boss I'm Not Bossy , I'm the Boss is the tenth full-length album by Irish singer-songwriter Sin\u00e9ad O'Connor, released on 11 August 2014 on Nettwerk Music Group. The album was originally to be called \"The Vishnu Room\" after the song of the same name, but was changed, along with its original cover design, shortly before release in support of the Ban Bossy campaign. The album was nominated for the Irish Meteor Choice Music Prize for Best Album. Upon release the album received positive reviews from such publications as \"American Songwriter\", \"The Guardian\", \"Now\" and \"Slant Magazine\". The Metacritic aggregate score on August 12, 2014 was 66 out of a 100. Fred Thomas, writing for AllMusic, gave the album 3.5 stars out of 5, with a favorable review, opening with the summary: \" A decade of inconsistent, spotty, or simply confusing output from iconic Irish singer/songwriter Sin\u00e9ad O'Connor was redeemed with 2012's refreshingly focused and honest effort \"How About I Be Me (And You Be You)? \" That album saw O'Connor effortlessly creating the same type of emotionally charged yet easily melodic fare that constituted her earliest, most popular work, and positioned her for a graceful return to form. Two years later, \"I'm Not Bossy, I'm the Boss \" follows the impassioned pop framework of its immediate predecessor, branching out into even more vivid stylistic dimensions and retaining all the energy, controversy, and fire that have come to define O'Connor as both a musician and a political figure. Taken at face value, the songs here are vibrant and multifaceted. \" All lyrics written by O'Connor.", "Ban Bossy Ban Bossy is a self-censorship campaign launched in 2014 by LeanIn.org. The campaign criticizes the use of the word \"bossy\" to describe assertive girls and women, proposing that the word is stigmatizing and may discourage girls and women from seeking positions of leadership. Sponsored primarily by Sheryl Sandberg, LeanIn.org and the Girl Scouts, the campaign features prominent bossy women and various sponsors urging people to pledge not to use the word. Featured advocates who appear in Ban Bossy promotional material in addition to Sandberg include Jennifer Garner, Jane Lynch, Diane von F\u00fcrstenberg, Condoleezza Rice, Jimmie Johnson, Sin\u00e9ad O'Connor, Arne Duncan, Anna Maria Ch\u00e1vez, Victoria Beckham, and Beyonc\u00e9, who stated \"leadership is more important to boys than girls.\" The campaign website also features training material designed for schools, teachers, parents and children to further the project. The campaign has received criticism since its launch. Joan Rivers commented that she found the online movement to be \"so stupid\" and added, \"I find it outrageous and I find it petty ... and I find we're so damn uptight in this country that this whole country is being divided. \" Phil Mason has drawn parallels between the banning of words and authoritarianism, observing that telling people what words they can or cannot use is inherently bossy. In \"The New Yorker\", Margaret Talbot criticized the campaign itself as bossy and instead suggested reclaiming the word, much as has been done for \"nerd\" and \"queer\". \"NewsBusters\" blogger Katie Yoder described Beyonc\u00e9's support of the campaign as hypocritical, in light of how the word \"bitch\" is spoken nine times on the singer's self-titled album.", "The report disproves the belief that women are underrepresented in leadership because they are leaving companies at higher rates or because they cannot find a work-life balance. Instead, it explains that this disparity occurs because women face an uneven playing field, gender diversity not prioritized widely, and participation in work and family balance programs is low because of fears from both genders that doing so will negatively affect their careers. The key findings of the study include: The leadership ambition gap persists. Women experience an uneven playing field. Gender diversity is not widely believed to be a priority. Employee programs are abundant, but participation is low. There is still inequality at home. Men and women have very different networks. Based on the research conducted, it will take over 25 years to reach gender equity at the senior vice-president level of corporate companies and over 100 years to reach equity in the C-suite. The organization partnered with Girl Scouts of the USA on a public initiative to encourage girls leadership called Ban Bossy. Beyonc\u00e9, Jennifer Garner, Condoleezza Rice, Jane Lynch, Diane Von Furstenberg were featured in a promotional video for the project. The campaign suggested that use of the word discouraged women from achieving leadership positions\u2013\u2013arguing that when a boy asserts himself, he is recognized as a leader, but in the same scenario when a girl asserts herself, she risks being called as \u201cbossy.\u201d The campaign included pledges to #banbossy, along with a website including education guides and leadership tips to ban bossy in action. Beyonc\u00e9 stated in the PSA that \u201cgirls are less interested in leadership than boys,\u201d and Lynch who explained \u201cand that\u2019s because they worry about being called bossy.\u201d These statements were backed up by Garner who stated that \u201cbeing labeled something matters.\u201d"], "answer": {"text": "advocating leadership roles for girls.", "answer_start": 1184}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "In what ways was Victoria Beckham powerful?", "answer": {"text": "it was reported that Beckham was the 52nd richest woman in Britain", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How much was she worth?", "answer": {"text": "($225 million).", "answer_start": 183, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she earn her wealth?", "answer": {"text": "Beckham Ventures, a company linked to the Victoria Beckham fashion business, was the best performing brand in the family's three businesses", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she do any charity work?", "answer": {"text": "Beckhams's charity work with Save the Children earned her a nomination for the Do Something With Style Award,", "answer_start": 477, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she earn the award?", "answer": {"text": "charity work with Save the Children", "answer_start": 488, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did she do?", "answer": {"text": "Beckham promotes faux/synthetic furs. Her stand against the fur industry generated praise from animal rights organisations,", "answer_start": 671, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which animal rights organizations?", "answer": {"text": "PETA.", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she work with any other charitable organizations?", "answer": {"text": "In 2014, Beckham joined the Ban Bossy campaign", "answer_start": 1119, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59b4f759e2b04a0181b5219f7b5afdb4_0_q#9", "question": "Were there any controversies?", "rewrite": "Were there any controversies involving Victoria Bekcham?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The doctrinal assessment would evaluate three \"major areas of concern\": According to Laurie Goodstein, the controversial investigation, which was viewed by many U.S. Catholics as a \"vexing and unjust inquisition of the sisters who ran the church's schools, hospitals and charities,\" was quietly closed in 2015 after a delegation from the conference met with Pope Francis. From 2009 to 2012 the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) conducted a doctrinal assessment of the LCWR. In April 2012, the CDF \"announced a major reform of the LCWR\" and described \"the need to remedy significant doctrinal problems associated with the group's activities and programs ... in areas including abortion, euthanasia, women's ordination and homosexuality. \" At the beginning of the investigation, the CDF delegated oversight of its doctrinal assessment to Leonard Paul Blair, bishop of Toledo. Blair submitted reports to the CDF and engaged in correspondence with the LCWR during 2009 and 2010. Documentation of the doctrinal assessment was submitted to the CDF in January, 2011. The CDF recommended reforming the LCWR; and Benedict XVI approved the decision. After the doctrinal assessment submitted its final report in December 2011, the CDF began reforming the LCWR. In April 2012, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) released the doctrinal assessment findings and delegated oversight of its reform of the LCWR to Seattle Archbishop J. Peter Sartain. The CDF mandated reform of the LCWR to conform more closely to \"the teachings and discipline of the Church.\"", "Sexual abuse scandals in Catholic orders and societies As distinct from abuse by some parish priests, who are subject to diocesan control, there has also been abuse by members of Roman Catholic orders, which often care for the sick or teach at school. While diocesan clergy have arranged parish transfers of abusive priests, so also the Orders' members have been found to relocate abusive Brothers to other places. In response the Roman Catholic Church published its \"Instruction Concerning the Criteria for the Discernment of Vocations with regard to Persons with Homosexual Tendencies in view of their Admission to the Seminary and to Holy Orders\" in 2005. However this did not address the significant problem of heterosexual abuse by members of Roman Catholic orders. Catholic Canon law had for centuries laid down the demanding professional requirements and duties of its members, and these were summarised in the Papal encyclical \"Religiosorum institutio\" of 1961. Paragraph 29 emphasised that \u2013 \"Among the proofs and signs of a divine vocation the virtue of chastity is regarded as absolutely necessary\". In Australia, there were allegations that during the 1970s sexual abuses took place at the junior campus of St Patricks College and St Alipius Primary School (now closed) in Ballarat, Victoria. After investigation, Brothers Robert Best, Edward Dowlan and Stephen Francis Farrell were all convicted of sex crimes. Dowlan and Best were later transferred to the senior campus, and continued to offend. In February 2008, a teacher at Marist College Canberra, Brother John William Chute, (also known as Brother Kostka), pleaded guilty in the ACT Magistrates Court to eleven charges of indecently assaulting students of the college during the 1980s.", "Controversies surrounding the Society of Saint Pius X There have been several controversies surrounding the Society of St. Pius X, many of which concern political support for non-democratic regimes, alleged antisemitism, and the occupation of church buildings. The Society of St. Pius X is an international organisation founded in 1970 by the French traditionalist Catholic archbishop Marcel Lefebvre. There is an overlap in French society between the SSPX's constituency of support and support for reactionary political positions. In the French context , such positions include: Archbishop Lefebvre's first biographer, the English traditionalist writer Michael Davies, wrote in the first volume of his \"Apologia Pro Marcel Lefebvre\": In 1977, a group of SSPX priests and laypeople led by Monsignor Fran\u00e7ois Ducaud-Bourget entered the parish church of St Nicolas du Chardonnet in central Paris and celebrated Mass. They subsequently refused to leave, and the church remains in the possession of the SSPX to this day. The various French municipal authorities have had ownership of the older churches in France since the enactment of the 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, though the buildings are permitted to be used by the appropriate religious denominations. Ducaud-Bourget maintained that the Traditionalist Catholics represented by the SSPX were the true heirs of the Catholics of 1905.", "Citing previous controversies involving the BBC, such as its handling of the Jimmy Savile sexual abuse scandal, a \"Newsnight\" report which falsely implied that Lord McAlpine was involved in child abuse (due to mistaken identity), controversies involving Russell Brand and Jonathan Ross, and other internal issues, he concluded that the trust was \"flawed\" and unable to sufficiently self-regulate. He suggested that the BBC be overseen by a unitary board \"charged with responsibility for meeting the obligations placed on it under the royal charter and agreement, and responsibility for the interests of licence fee payers\", and that Ofcom take on the BBC's regulatory oversight. Clementi stated that his proposal would give the BBC \"no hiding place\", and explained that \"no good governance system will ever guarantee good outcomes, but if you have a single board with a good governance system, you know who's responsible. One of the difficulties in those cases was it wasn't quite clear if the trust were dealing with it or whether the executive board were dealing with it. It fell to both of them and neither of them.\" The proposal to scrap the trust was officially presented to Parliament as part of a charter review white paper on 12 May 2016. Governance of the BBC was transferred to the new BBC Board in April 2017. Sir David Clementi became the new Chairman of the Board. The trust was supported by a team of 70 staff, known as the Trust Unit. These staff are independent from the BBC Executive and include specialists in audience research, performance analysis, and finance. The Trust Unit is headed by its Director, Alex Towers. In 2007/08, the BBC Trust cost \u00a311.909 million to run; in 2008/09, \u00a310.517 million; and in 2009/10, \u00a310.502 million, excluding Ofcom fees.", "In the Northern Ireland Historical Institutional Abuse Inquiry (HIA), an inquiry into institutional sexual and physical abuse in Northern Ireland institutions that were in charge of children from 1922 to 1995 , the De La Salle Brothers admitted in 2014 to the abuse of boys at two institutions: the former De La Salle Boys' Home, Rubane House, in Kircubbin, County Down, and St Patrick's Training School in west Belfast, and apologized to its victims. The order accepted that one of its earliest overseers engaged in sexual offences. Representing the de la Salle order, Kevin Rooney QC said the brothers recognised that some of their members had caused \"immense pain\" to children which was \"in contradiction to their vocation\". Senior Counsel Christine Smith QC said, \"... [T]hose homes operated as outdated survivors of a bygone age.\" According to Tom O'Donoghue, in contrast to the more elite boarding school, \"...schools for the lower social orders usually had the highest pupil-teacher ratios, resulting in many turning to corporal punishment as a behavioral management strategy\". He also notes, \" ...they were often... placed in charge of huge numbers of children from troubled backgrounds at a time when there was no professional child-care training. \" The Inquiry's first public hearings were held from January to May 2014 with the inquiry team reporting to the Executive by the start of 2016. Module 3: \"De La Salle Boys Home at Rubane House, Kircubbin\", started on 29 September 2014 and was completed on 17 December, when the chairman paid tribute to the victims who testified."], "answer": {"text": "Beckham was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire", "answer_start": 1223}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "In what ways was Victoria Beckham powerful?", "answer": {"text": "it was reported that Beckham was the 52nd richest woman in Britain", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How much was she worth?", "answer": {"text": "($225 million).", "answer_start": 183, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she earn her wealth?", "answer": {"text": "Beckham Ventures, a company linked to the Victoria Beckham fashion business, was the best performing brand in the family's three businesses", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she do any charity work?", "answer": {"text": "Beckhams's charity work with Save the Children earned her a nomination for the Do Something With Style Award,", "answer_start": 477, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she earn the award?", "answer": {"text": "charity work with Save the Children", "answer_start": 488, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did she do?", "answer": {"text": "Beckham promotes faux/synthetic furs. Her stand against the fur industry generated praise from animal rights organisations,", "answer_start": 671, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which animal rights organizations?", "answer": {"text": "PETA.", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she work with any other charitable organizations?", "answer": {"text": "In 2014, Beckham joined the Ban Bossy campaign", "answer_start": 1119, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the Ban Bossy campaign?", "answer": {"text": "advocating leadership roles for girls.", "answer_start": 1184, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59b4f759e2b04a0181b5219f7b5afdb4_0_q#10", "question": "When did this happen?", "rewrite": "When did Victoria Beckham get appointed to Officer of the Order of the British Empire?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Victoria Beckham: Coming to America Victoria Beckham: Coming to America was a 2007 one-hour American TV special that featured British former Spice Girl Victoria Beckham moving to the United States where her husband, David Beckham, began his career playing soccer for LA Galaxy of the MLS. The programme was part factual and part a scripted spoof on documentaries such as \"Being Victoria Beckham\" and other shows featuring the Beckhams. Parts of the spoof element featured Victoria being mean to her personal assistant, played by Renee Gauthier. While a hit in the UK, the spoof element was not grasped by the US viewers. Originally meant to serve as the pilot to a serialized reality show, the show drew in only 4.9 million viewers in the US. Produced by 19 Entertainment (Simon Fuller's company that handles the careers of David and Victoria Beckham), what eventually ended up as a one-hour show on NBC was originally supposed to be six half-hour episodes shown weekly as agreed upon by Fuller and NBC months before the scheduled arrival of the Beckhams to the US. However, NBC soon cooled on the idea and unilaterally decided to move the episodes to its lower-profile sister network Bravo on basic cable. The move made Fuller irate, but he only succeeded in getting NBC to reach a compromise: the show would air as a one-hour, stand-alone broadcast on NBC on July 16, 2007 and if it managed to pull in good enough ratings, more episodes would follow. Though it won its time slot on Monday in the usually slow summer TV season, the show got a tepid 2.2 rating in the US, falling well short of the numbers required to make NBC interested in ordering additional episodes. In addition to NBC, the show also aired the same day on CTV in Canada.", "Under Fuller\u2019s guidance, the Spice Girls became a marketing phenomenon, rose to chart topper status worldwide and went on to sell over 85 million records. In 2002 Fuller's company discovered 19-year-old Amy Winehouse, produced her first award-winning album and signed her to Universal Music. In 2005, 2006 and 2007 the biggest selling music acts in North America (Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood and Daughtry) were all managed by Fuller. In October 2016 Fuller announced a joint venture with the 4 original members of the Swedish super group ABBA to involve Mamma Mia 2, new ABBA movie, London ABBA exhibition and the creation of the new digital ABBA. Simon Fuller owns significant stakes in British fashion businesses Victoria Beckham Ltd and the Roland Mouret brand. In 2006 Fuller brokered the deal for 19 Entertainment to purchase a majority share in Storm Model Management. In 2008 Fuller launched the Victoria Beckham dress collection at New York Fashion Week. Since then Victoria Beckham Limited has grown to become a best selling high-end fashion brand, stocked in 400+ outlets around the world and winning plaudits that include Brand of The Year 2012 and 2014 British Fashion Awards. In 2012 Fuller accompanied Victoria Beckham to launch the business in China. In February 2012, XIX Entertainment launched a David Beckham bodywear range in 2,500 H&M stores around the world. This was followed in 2015 when Fuller announced a joint venture with Hong Kong-based Global Brands Group Holding Ltd (787) giving Fuller and Beckham ownership of their own apparel business specifically to develop the David Beckham brand and other iconic branded consumer products. The first result of this partnership was the Fall 2016 re-launch of the British heritage menswear label Kent & Curwen, which under Beckham, Fuller and 7 Global ownership currently runs 113 stores in 51 cities worldwide.", "A third single, \"I Wish\", was promoted but never materialised. The single version was a remix featuring Robbie Craig, and was performed on TV on \"Friday Night's All Wright\". Following the announcement of Beckham's second pregnancy, the single was shelved. Beckham was reportedly dropped by Virgin Records along with fellow Spice Girls Emma Bunton and Melanie B,; but a statement from her publicist denied reports, stating: \"No-one has been dropped. The Virgin deal has come to a natural end and both parties have decided not to continue.\" \"Victoria Beckham\" faced a chart battle during the album's release week with Kylie Minogue's \"Fever\". Both singers had previously faced a battle in the singles' chart, when their singles were released on the same day. However, Beckham's album debuted at number ten on the UK Albums Chart on 13 October 2001, whilst Minogue's album topped the charts. \" Victoria Beckham\" charted for three weeks on the chart. However, the album has only sold 50,000 copies overall in the United Kingdom, while costing \u00a35 million to produce. After \"Being Victoria Beckham\", an official documentary that aired in March 2002, the album re-entered the UK Albums Chart at number sixty-seven. Upon its release, the album received mixed to negative reviews. The BBC Music described the album as \"a mish-mash affair of gushy sentiment and wishy-washy RnB\" whilst \"NME\" called the album \"a new low in shameless pop slaggery\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Victoria Beckham\".", "Homme by David Beckham Homme by David Beckham is a men's eau de toilette fragrance endorsed by English footballer David Beckham. The scent, which was released by Coty, Inc. in September 2011, joined his existing scents David Beckham Instinct (2005) and Intimately Beckham (2006), a his-and-hers collection with his wife Victoria Beckham. The fragrance was launched as part of a new branding venture with business partner Simon Fuller, which also included a men's bodywear line and a number of other projects to capitalize on Beckham's worldwide commercial appeal. It was announced on 19 May 2011 that David Beckham and his business partner, Simon Fuller, would be launching a men's bodywear line, a men's fragrance (with licensing partner Coty, Inc.), and a number of other projects to capitalize on Beckham's worldwide commercial appeal. The fragrance, entitled Homme by David Beckham, would join existing scents David Beckham Instinct (2005) and Intimately Beckham (2006), a his-and-hers collection with his wife Victoria Beckham. Steve Mormoris, senior vice president of global marketing for Coty Beauty, told \"Women's Wear Daily\" that the fragrance is a strategic launch for Coty that represents \"getting back to the male roots of the brand, enhancing David as an athlete and an aspirational man and building a new pillar to the David Beckham franchise.\" A new logo was created for all of Beckham's commercial ventures in order to create a \"uniform visual identity\" for the brand. The mark, which was created by Alasdhair Willis, features the David Beckham name in the Replica Pro font, with a circular hole \"punched out of the script\". The hole represents a football and a lens or viewfinder.", "In 2007, it was reported that Beckham was the 52nd richest woman in Britain and the 19th richest person in Britain with husband David, with an estimated joint wealth of PS112 million ($225 million). According to The Guardian, Beckham Ventures, a company linked to the Victoria Beckham fashion business, was the best performing brand in the family's three businesses in 2012, coming close to matching turnover in a sister company that promotes the David Beckham brand. In 2010, Beckhams's charity work with Save the Children earned her a nomination for the Do Something With Style Award, an awards show, produced by VH1. She is a patron of the Elton John AIDS Foundation. Beckham promotes faux/synthetic furs. Her stand against the fur industry generated praise from animal rights organisations, including PETA. Beckham has stated that she is \"supportive of its [PETA's] high-profile anti-fur campaigns,\" and pledged \"never to work with fur in any of her own fashion collections\". In February 2013, she was assessed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the UK in the fashion category by Woman's Hour on BBC Radio 4. In 2014, Beckham joined the Ban Bossy campaign as a spokesperson advocating leadership roles for girls. Beckham was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to the fashion industry. She stated she \"delighted and humbled for the recognition,\" which her husband also received in 2003. However, as recipients of honours are sworn to secrecy, and Beckham had announced her honour before the 2017 New Year Honours' official publication, she was criticised for the \"betrayal of etiquette\" by the Conservative MP Peter Bone."], "answer": {"text": "2017", "answer_start": 1301}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "In what ways was Victoria Beckham powerful?", "answer": {"text": "it was reported that Beckham was the 52nd richest woman in Britain", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How much was she worth?", "answer": {"text": "($225 million).", "answer_start": 183, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she earn her wealth?", "answer": {"text": "Beckham Ventures, a company linked to the Victoria Beckham fashion business, was the best performing brand in the family's three businesses", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she do any charity work?", "answer": {"text": "Beckhams's charity work with Save the Children earned her a nomination for the Do Something With Style Award,", "answer_start": 477, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she earn the award?", "answer": {"text": "charity work with Save the Children", "answer_start": 488, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did she do?", "answer": {"text": "Beckham promotes faux/synthetic furs. Her stand against the fur industry generated praise from animal rights organisations,", "answer_start": 671, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which animal rights organizations?", "answer": {"text": "PETA.", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she work with any other charitable organizations?", "answer": {"text": "In 2014, Beckham joined the Ban Bossy campaign", "answer_start": 1119, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the Ban Bossy campaign?", "answer": {"text": "advocating leadership roles for girls.", "answer_start": 1184, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any controversies?", "answer": {"text": "Beckham was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire", "answer_start": 1223, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59b4f759e2b04a0181b5219f7b5afdb4_0_q#11", "question": "Why was she appointed?", "rewrite": "Why was Victoria Beckham appointed to Officer of the Order of the British Empire?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Victoria Beckham: Coming to America Victoria Beckham: Coming to America was a 2007 one-hour American TV special that featured British former Spice Girl Victoria Beckham moving to the United States where her husband, David Beckham, began his career playing soccer for LA Galaxy of the MLS. The programme was part factual and part a scripted spoof on documentaries such as \"Being Victoria Beckham\" and other shows featuring the Beckhams. Parts of the spoof element featured Victoria being mean to her personal assistant, played by Renee Gauthier. While a hit in the UK, the spoof element was not grasped by the US viewers. Originally meant to serve as the pilot to a serialized reality show, the show drew in only 4.9 million viewers in the US. Produced by 19 Entertainment (Simon Fuller's company that handles the careers of David and Victoria Beckham), what eventually ended up as a one-hour show on NBC was originally supposed to be six half-hour episodes shown weekly as agreed upon by Fuller and NBC months before the scheduled arrival of the Beckhams to the US. However, NBC soon cooled on the idea and unilaterally decided to move the episodes to its lower-profile sister network Bravo on basic cable. The move made Fuller irate, but he only succeeded in getting NBC to reach a compromise: the show would air as a one-hour, stand-alone broadcast on NBC on July 16, 2007 and if it managed to pull in good enough ratings, more episodes would follow. Though it won its time slot on Monday in the usually slow summer TV season, the show got a tepid 2.2 rating in the US, falling well short of the numbers required to make NBC interested in ordering additional episodes. In addition to NBC, the show also aired the same day on CTV in Canada.", "Under Fuller\u2019s guidance, the Spice Girls became a marketing phenomenon, rose to chart topper status worldwide and went on to sell over 85 million records. In 2002 Fuller's company discovered 19-year-old Amy Winehouse, produced her first award-winning album and signed her to Universal Music. In 2005, 2006 and 2007 the biggest selling music acts in North America (Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood and Daughtry) were all managed by Fuller. In October 2016 Fuller announced a joint venture with the 4 original members of the Swedish super group ABBA to involve Mamma Mia 2, new ABBA movie, London ABBA exhibition and the creation of the new digital ABBA. Simon Fuller owns significant stakes in British fashion businesses Victoria Beckham Ltd and the Roland Mouret brand. In 2006 Fuller brokered the deal for 19 Entertainment to purchase a majority share in Storm Model Management. In 2008 Fuller launched the Victoria Beckham dress collection at New York Fashion Week. Since then Victoria Beckham Limited has grown to become a best selling high-end fashion brand, stocked in 400+ outlets around the world and winning plaudits that include Brand of The Year 2012 and 2014 British Fashion Awards. In 2012 Fuller accompanied Victoria Beckham to launch the business in China. In February 2012, XIX Entertainment launched a David Beckham bodywear range in 2,500 H&M stores around the world. This was followed in 2015 when Fuller announced a joint venture with Hong Kong-based Global Brands Group Holding Ltd (787) giving Fuller and Beckham ownership of their own apparel business specifically to develop the David Beckham brand and other iconic branded consumer products. The first result of this partnership was the Fall 2016 re-launch of the British heritage menswear label Kent & Curwen, which under Beckham, Fuller and 7 Global ownership currently runs 113 stores in 51 cities worldwide.", "A third single, \"I Wish\", was promoted but never materialised. The single version was a remix featuring Robbie Craig, and was performed on TV on \"Friday Night's All Wright\". Following the announcement of Beckham's second pregnancy, the single was shelved. Beckham was reportedly dropped by Virgin Records along with fellow Spice Girls Emma Bunton and Melanie B,; but a statement from her publicist denied reports, stating: \"No-one has been dropped. The Virgin deal has come to a natural end and both parties have decided not to continue.\" \"Victoria Beckham\" faced a chart battle during the album's release week with Kylie Minogue's \"Fever\". Both singers had previously faced a battle in the singles' chart, when their singles were released on the same day. However, Beckham's album debuted at number ten on the UK Albums Chart on 13 October 2001, whilst Minogue's album topped the charts. \" Victoria Beckham\" charted for three weeks on the chart. However, the album has only sold 50,000 copies overall in the United Kingdom, while costing \u00a35 million to produce. After \"Being Victoria Beckham\", an official documentary that aired in March 2002, the album re-entered the UK Albums Chart at number sixty-seven. Upon its release, the album received mixed to negative reviews. The BBC Music described the album as \"a mish-mash affair of gushy sentiment and wishy-washy RnB\" whilst \"NME\" called the album \"a new low in shameless pop slaggery\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Victoria Beckham\".", "Homme by David Beckham Homme by David Beckham is a men's eau de toilette fragrance endorsed by English footballer David Beckham. The scent, which was released by Coty, Inc. in September 2011, joined his existing scents David Beckham Instinct (2005) and Intimately Beckham (2006), a his-and-hers collection with his wife Victoria Beckham. The fragrance was launched as part of a new branding venture with business partner Simon Fuller, which also included a men's bodywear line and a number of other projects to capitalize on Beckham's worldwide commercial appeal. It was announced on 19 May 2011 that David Beckham and his business partner, Simon Fuller, would be launching a men's bodywear line, a men's fragrance (with licensing partner Coty, Inc.), and a number of other projects to capitalize on Beckham's worldwide commercial appeal. The fragrance, entitled Homme by David Beckham, would join existing scents David Beckham Instinct (2005) and Intimately Beckham (2006), a his-and-hers collection with his wife Victoria Beckham. Steve Mormoris, senior vice president of global marketing for Coty Beauty, told \"Women's Wear Daily\" that the fragrance is a strategic launch for Coty that represents \"getting back to the male roots of the brand, enhancing David as an athlete and an aspirational man and building a new pillar to the David Beckham franchise.\" A new logo was created for all of Beckham's commercial ventures in order to create a \"uniform visual identity\" for the brand. The mark, which was created by Alasdhair Willis, features the David Beckham name in the Replica Pro font, with a circular hole \"punched out of the script\". The hole represents a football and a lens or viewfinder.", "Former Governor James B. McCreary challenged Beckham for the senatorial nomination, but Beckham won by more than 11,000 votes. Beckham's term as governor ended on December 10, 1907. In January 1908, he faced the legislature as the Democratic nominee for a seat in the Us Senate by virtue of the primary that had been held two years earlier. The Republicans nominated former Governor William O. Bradley. On the first ballot, Beckham secured 66 of the needed 69 votes; Bradley received 64 votes. Seven Democrats had not voted for Beckham. Over the next six weeks, 25 more votes were taken, with neither man securing a majority, even though William Jennings Bryan, the Democratic nominee for president, campaigned for Beckham. Some Democrats pressured Beckham to withdraw and to allow a more palatable Democrat to run, but he refused. On the 29th ballot, taken near the end of February 1908, Bradley finally secured a majority, after four Democrats crossed party lines to vote for him. Beckham's ardent support of Prohibition likely cost him the election. That put him at odds with Henry Watterson, editor of the powerful \"Louisville Courier-Journal\". As governor Beckham had crossed the liquor interests and the political machine in Louisville. When the Kentucky Court of Appeals invalidated the results of Louisville's municipal elections for interference by the city's \"whiskey ring\" in May 1907, Beckham appointed Robert Worth Bingham, a young lawyer and fellow prohibitionist, as the interim mayor until elections could be held in November. Bingham eliminated grafting in the police department, closed gambling houses, and enforced blue laws that closed saloons on Sunday. The whiskey ring, therefore, announced that Beckham had forfeited the support of Louisville's legislators. In the senatorial election in 1908, three of the four Democrats who voted against Beckham were from Louisville."], "answer": {"text": "for services to the fashion industry.", "answer_start": 1323}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "In what ways was Victoria Beckham powerful?", "answer": {"text": "it was reported that Beckham was the 52nd richest woman in Britain", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How much was she worth?", "answer": {"text": "($225 million).", "answer_start": 183, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she earn her wealth?", "answer": {"text": "Beckham Ventures, a company linked to the Victoria Beckham fashion business, was the best performing brand in the family's three businesses", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she do any charity work?", "answer": {"text": "Beckhams's charity work with Save the Children earned her a nomination for the Do Something With Style Award,", "answer_start": 477, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she earn the award?", "answer": {"text": "charity work with Save the Children", "answer_start": 488, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did she do?", "answer": {"text": "Beckham promotes faux/synthetic furs. Her stand against the fur industry generated praise from animal rights organisations,", "answer_start": 671, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which animal rights organizations?", "answer": {"text": "PETA.", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she work with any other charitable organizations?", "answer": {"text": "In 2014, Beckham joined the Ban Bossy campaign", "answer_start": 1119, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the Ban Bossy campaign?", "answer": {"text": "advocating leadership roles for girls.", "answer_start": 1184, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any controversies?", "answer": {"text": "Beckham was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire", "answer_start": 1223, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did this happen?", "answer": {"text": "2017", "answer_start": 1301, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb1f02fe7c964b9884806952caae1623_1_q#0", "question": "How did the Boer war start?", "rewrite": "How did the Boer war start?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Deneys Reitz Deneys Reitz (1882\u20141944), son of Francis William Reitz, was a Boer soldier who fought in the Second Boer War for the South African Republic against the British Empire. After a period of exile in Madagascar he returned to South Africa, where he became a lawyer and founded a major South African law firm. In the First World War he fought for the Union of South Africa against the German Empire, and then was an officer in the British Army, commanding several battalions. In later life he was a politician. Deneys Reitz was educated at Grey College in Bloemfontein. While in exile in Madagascar, he wrote about his experience of the Second Boer War (1899\u20131902). When it was eventually edited and published in 1929 as \"Commando: A Boer Journal of the Boer War\", it still had the freshness and detail of an account written soon after the war. The account is unique in that he was present at virtually every major event of the war. At the age of 17, while visiting his father in Pretoria, at the start of the Second Boer War, the Field-Cornet's office said he was too young to fight and refused to enlist him. He met his father with the President of the Transvaal, Paul Kruger, who took him straight to the room of the Commandant-General Piet Joubert. Joubert personally handed him a new Mauser carbine and a bandolier of ammunition. He and one of his brothers then joined the Boer forces \"\"by virtue of having thrown our belongings through a carriage window and climbing aboard\"\". During the initial phase of the War, he fought several battles, including the engagement at Surprise Hill (\"Vaalkop\") and in the Boer victory at Spionkop.", "All other nations were neutral, but international opinion was largely hostile to the British. Inside the British Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. The Boers refused to surrender. They reverted to guerrilla warfare under new generals Louis Botha, Jan Smuts, Christiaan de Wet and Koos de la Rey. Two years of surprise attacks and quick escapes followed. As guerrillas without uniforms, the Boer fighters easily blended into the farmlands, which provided hiding places, supplies, and horses. The British response to guerilla warfare was to set up complex nets of block houses, strong points, and barbed wire fences, partitioning off the entire conquered territory. In addition, civilian farms and livestock were destroyed as part of a scorched earth policy. Survivors were forced into concentration camps. Very large proportions of these civilians died of hunger and disease, especially the children. British mounted infantry units systematically tracked down the highly mobile Boer guerrilla units. The battles at this stage were small operations. Few died during combat, though many of disease. The war ended when the Boer leadership surrendered and accepted British terms with the Treaty of Vereeniging in May 1902. Both former republics were incorporated into the Union of South Africa in 1910, as part of the British Empire. The conflict is commonly referred to as the Boer War, since the First Boer War (December 1880 to March 1881) was a much smaller conflict. \"Boer\" (meaning farmer) is the common term for Afrikaans-speaking white South Africans descended from the Dutch East India Company's original settlers at the Cape of Good Hope. It is also known as the (Second) Anglo-Boer War among some South Africans.", "Boer War Memorial, Allora The Boer War Memorial is a heritage-listed memorial at Warwick Street, Allora, Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1904 to 1940s. It is also known as Queen's Park and War Memorial Park. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992. The War Memorial Park in Allora contains memorials to the Boer War, unveiled in 1904; World War I unveiled in 1921 and also a later memorial to World War II and more recent international conflicts with which Australia was involved. The land on which the memorials are now situated was part of a larger package of land bound by Dalrymple Creek, Warwick, Raff and Church Streets, which was proclaimed a park for recreation in the Queensland Government Gazette of 12 July 1902. However, early survey maps of Allora, dating from 1879 show this area of land set aside for recreational purposes. In 1903 a small section of the park in the south western corner was officially set aside as a Drill Shed Reserve. Three digger memorials to fallen soldiers were built in Queensland following the Boer War which lasted from 1899 until 1902. The memorial at Allora was the first planned in 1904, followed in 1908 by the Boer War Memorial at Gatton and, lastly, the South African War Memorial in Brisbane unveiled in 1919. Although the term \"digger\" came into popular use only after World War I it is still thought to be appropriate to use the term describing figural memorials constructed commemorating soldiers from the Boer War. Many other types of memorials, including avenues of trees, bells, plaques and obelisks were erected in Queensland following the Boer War. The construction of war memorials in Queensland became more widespread after the Boer War, when the State sustained the loss of 67 soldiers on the battlefields. Following", "Anglo-Boer War Memorial (Johannesburg) The Anglo-Boer War Memorial was originally called the Rand Regiments Memorial and dedicated to the men of the Witwatersrand who joined as British soldiers in the Rand Regiments and who had lost their lives during the Second Boer War (1899\u20131902). The memorial is now next door to the South African National Museum of Military History. It was rededicated on 10 October 1999 to all people who died during the Second Boer War and renamed the Anglo-Boer War Memorial. Soon after the Second Boer War ended in 1902, Randlord Sir Lionel Phillips and others proposed in 1904, a memorial to commemorate the British soldiers that had died in the war. A Rand Regiments' Memorial Committee was formed to raise money for the memorial. In September 1904, Captain George A. Hamilton-Dickson proposed a motion that a site be found for a memorial and that the Town Council start a scheme to build it. The Johannesburg Town Council thought that the memorial should be dedicated to all those that had died in the war but Phillips and the committee would disagree and continued with the project. Sir Lionel Phillips and his company, H. Eckstein and Co, purchased in the Sachsenwald Plantation (Saxonwold) as land for the memorial. On 30 November 1910, Field Marshall the Duke of Connaught and Lord Methuen reviewed a group of volunteers at Milner Park before being accompanied by a detachment from the Imperial Light Horse to the Sachsenwald Plantation (Saxonwold). There in front of a solemn gathering, the Duke laid the corner-stone to the future memorial. The site had only been approved a month before the Duke's visit by the town council and no architect or design had been finalised. The memorial was designed in 1911 by architect Sir Edwin Lutyens, before he became famous for his war memorials after the end of the First World War.", "Second Boer War The Second Boer War (11 October 1899 \u2013 31 May 1902) was fought between the British Empire and two Boer states, the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State, over the Empire's influence in South Africa. It is also known variously as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, or South African War. Initial Boer attacks were successful, and although British reinforcements later reversed these, the war continued for years with Boer guerrilla warfare, until harsh British counter-measures brought the Boers to terms. The war started with the British overconfident and under-prepared. The Boers were well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mahikeng in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, the British brought in large numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener. They relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army, well over 400,000 men, were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defence of their homeland. The British seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over. The British officially annexed the two countries in 1900. Back home, Britain's Conservative government wanted to capitalize on this success and use it to maneuver an early general election, dubbed a \"khaki election\", to give the government another six years of power in London. British military efforts were aided by Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal and some native African allies, and further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand."], "answer": {"text": "During the early stages of the South African War 1899-1902, the British Army suffered defeats at the hands of the Boer Commandos,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_cb1f02fe7c964b9884806952caae1623_1_q#1", "question": "What were the Boer Commandos?", "rewrite": "What were the Boer Commandos?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Scobell's squadron was left at Utival (also known as Zilikats Nek). There they were eventually joined by five companies from the 2nd battalion, the Lincolnshire Regiment, with a section of guns from O Battery, RHA. While Scobell had kept a strong picket line out to watch for Boer commandos, this was changed when he was superseded as the commander of the garrison. With the Scots Greys came under the command of an infantry colonel, the picket outposts were decreased. This allowed when the outpost was attacked by a force of Boer commandos on 10 July 1900. Most of the squadron was captured during the disaster which ensued. The defeat allowed the Boers to hold Zilikats Nek. Scobell was able to escape with part of his command, having to shoot their way through the Boer commandos After nearly dying in the battle at Zilikat's Nek in the Magaliesberg, he captured Barberton. A review of the action at Zilikats's Nek exonerated Scobell and he was given the local rank of lieutenant-colonel on 1 December 1900 and placed in command of the 1st Regiment, Brabant Horse. On 27 July 1901, Scobell was ordered to assume command of the 5th Royal Irish Lancers. As part of the British effort to defeat the Boer insurgency, General French appointed Scobell to command a column of cavalry. Scobell's command including detachments from the 9th Lancers and the Cape Mounted Rifles. One of the most effective commandos operating in the Cape Province was the band commanded by Commandant L\u00f6tter. In the midst of a six-day mission, Scobell received information that L\u00f6tter's commando was laagered near the town of Petersburg in a gorge called Groenkloof.", "Boer Commando The Boer commandos or \"Kommandos\" were volunteer military units of guerilla militia organized by the Boer people of South Africa. The term came into English usage during the Second Boer War of 1899-1902. In 1658, war erupted between the Dutch settlers at Cape Colony and the Khoi-khoi. In order to protect the settlement, all able bodied men were conscripted. After the conclusion of this war, all men in the colony were liable for military service and were expected to be ready on short notice. By 1700, the size of the colony had increased immensely and it was divided into districts. The small military garrison stationed at the Castle de Goede Hoop couldn't be counted on to react swiftly in the border districts, therefore the commando system was expanded and formalized. Each district had a Kommandant who was charged with calling up all burghers in times of need. In 1795, with the First British Occupation and again in 1806 with the Second British Occupation, the commandos were called up to defend the Cape Colony. At the Battle of Blaauwberg (6 January 1806), the Swellendam Commando held the British off long enough for the rest of the Batavian army to retreat to safety. Under British rule, the Cape Colony continued to use the commando system in its frontier wars, in addition to regular British imperial troops. Boer commandos fought alongside Fengu, British settlers, Khoi-khoi and other ethnic groups in units which were often mixed. Light, mobile commandos were undeniably better-suited than the slow-moving columns of imperial troops, for warfare in the rough frontier mountains. However, tensions often arose in the Cape's government over the relative merits and control of these two parallel military systems. During the Great Trek, this system was used and remained in use in the Boer republics.", "Cape Copper Company Medal for the Defence of O'okiep In the Colonies and Boer Republics which became the Union of South Africa in 1910, several unofficial military decorations and medals were instituted and awarded during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The Cape Copper Company Medal for the Defence of O'okiep is a private campaign medal which was instituted by the Cape Copper Company Limited in 1902. The medal was awarded to members of the O'okiep Garrison who defended the town while it was besieged by Boer Commandos from 4 April to 4 May 1902, near the end of the Second Boer War. The Cape Copper Company had its origin in the Cape Copper Mining Company, which was established in 1862 or 1863 as the Cape of Good Hope Copper Mining Company to take over the copper mining properties of Phillips & King, an enterprise which had been involved in copper mining around O'okiep in Namaqualand since the 1850s. The Cape Copper Mining Company was restructured as the Cape Copper Company in 1888. The Cape of Good Hope was invaded by Boer commandos towards the end of the Second Boer War and the town Concordia, a few kilometres to the north of O'okiep, surrendered to Boer forces on 4 April 1902. From 4 April to 4 May, the town O'okiep was besieged by the Boer forces under General Jan Smuts, whose strategy was to capture the rich copper fields and thus force the British to send troops from Cape Town to O'okiep, which would then leave Cape Town vulnerable to attack. The garrison of O'okiep, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel W.A.D. Shelton DSO, consisted of some 900 men and included local miners who assisted Shelton's troops. The civilian defenders were mostly employees of the Cape Copper Company, three-quarters of whom were Coloured.", "Despite the loss of their two capital cities and half of their army, the Boer commanders adopted guerrilla warfare tactics, primarily conducting raids against railways, resource and supply targets, all aimed at disrupting the operational capacity of the British Army. They avoided pitched battles and casualties were light. Each Boer commando unit was sent to the district from which its members had been recruited, which meant that they could rely on local support and personal knowledge of the terrain and the towns within the district thereby enabling them to live off the land. Their orders were simply to act against the British whenever possible. Their tactics were to strike fast and hard causing as much damage to the enemy as possible, and then to withdraw and vanish before enemy reinforcements could arrive. The vast distances of the Republics allowed the Boer commandos considerable freedom to move about and made it nearly impossible for the 250,000 British troops to control the territory effectively using columns alone. As soon as a British column left a town or district, British control of that area faded away. The Boer commandos were especially effective during the initial guerrilla phase of the war because Roberts had assumed that the war would end with the capture of the Boer capitals and the dispersal of the main Boer armies. Many British troops were therefore redeployed out of the area, and had been replaced by lower-quality contingents of Imperial Yeomanry and locally raised irregular corps. From late May 1900, the first successes of the Boer guerrilla strategy were at Lindley (where 500 Yeomanry surrendered), and at Heilbron (where a large convoy and its escort were captured) and other skirmishes resulting in 1,500 British casualties in less than ten days. In December 1900, De la Rey and Christiaan Beyers attacked and mauled a British brigade at Nooitgedacht.", "Towards the end of the war, he attempted to push through humiliating treaties which would forcibly Anglicise the Boers. General Herbert Kitchener was the famed British military leader, sent out by Milner to complete the defeat of the Boers in 1899. Unable to defeat the Boer commandos and their guerilla warfare tactics, Kitchener resorted to systematic burning of Boer civilian settlements and homesteads, as \"Scorched Earth\" tactics to initiate a famine. He also made large-scale use of concentration camps for the Boer civilian population. Roughly 26,370 Boer women and children (81% were children) died in these concentration camps, and roughly 20,000 Black African prisoners died in similar camps. However, in 1902 they eventually succeeded in pressurising the Boer commandos to surrender and sign the Treaty of Vereeniging. The famous writer Rudyard Kipling was strongly in favour of the British colonisation of Africa. He was also a personal friend of Cecil Rhodes. When the Boer War broke out, Kipling joined in campaign efforts to raise money for the troops and reported for army publications. While involved in this campaign, Kipling would be forced to view the tragedies of war. He witnessed people dying from typhoid and dysentery and also witnessed the bad barrack conditions. He wrote poetry in support of the British cause in the Boer War. In early 1900 Kipling helped start a newspaper called \"The Friend\" for British troops in Bloemfontein. Kipling eventually left South Africa and returned to England where he was already highly regarded as the poet of the empire. Women had a highly restricted role in 19th century society, but in spite of this, several women nonetheless succeeded in becoming prominent voices on the South African Wars. Olive Schreiner was a sympathizer with the Boers. She was a writer and a strong opponent of British Imperial policy."], "answer": {"text": "Boer Commandos, composed of men who were first-class shots and good horsemen.", "answer_start": 114}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the Boer war start?", "answer": {"text": "During the early stages of the South African War 1899-1902, the British Army suffered defeats at the hands of the Boer Commandos,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb1f02fe7c964b9884806952caae1623_1_q#2", "question": "Who were the sharpshooters?", "rewrite": "Who were the sharpshooters in the Boer war?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["66th Illinois Infantry Regiment The 66th Illinois Veteran Volunteer Infantry Regiment (Western Sharpshooters) originally known as Birge's Western Sharpshooters and later as the \"Western Sharpshooters-14th Missouri Volunteers\", was a specialized regiment of infantry sharpshooters that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was intended, raised, and mustered into Federal service as the Western Theater counterpart to Army of the Potomac's 1st and 2nd United States Volunteer Sharpshooters (\"Berdan's Sharpshooters\"). \"Birge's Western Sharpshooters\" was a multi-state, Federal unit organized at St. Louis, Missouri and mustered into federal service on November 23, 1861. Initially two companies were raised in Ohio, three in Illinois, one in Michigan, and four were organized at St Louis' Benton Barracks of Missourians and detachments of volunteer candidates sent by recruiting officers from Iowa, Minnesota and other western states, thus forming a regiment that represented every state in the west, a pet scheme of General John C. Fremont. During the unit's existence it was re-designated first as the \"Western Sharpshooters-14th Missouri Volunteers\", and later re-designated again as the \"66th Illinois Volunteer Infantry (Western Sharpshooters)\". While federal and state authorities repeatedly changed the formal designation of the unit, the regiment was commonly referred to as the \"Western Sharpshooters\" (or simply \"The Sharpshooters\") for the duration of the war. After the war autographs by former members often included the appellation W.S.S.", "Boer War Memorial, Allora The Boer War Memorial is a heritage-listed memorial at Warwick Street, Allora, Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1904 to 1940s. It is also known as Queen's Park and War Memorial Park. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992. The War Memorial Park in Allora contains memorials to the Boer War, unveiled in 1904; World War I unveiled in 1921 and also a later memorial to World War II and more recent international conflicts with which Australia was involved. The land on which the memorials are now situated was part of a larger package of land bound by Dalrymple Creek, Warwick, Raff and Church Streets, which was proclaimed a park for recreation in the Queensland Government Gazette of 12 July 1902. However, early survey maps of Allora, dating from 1879 show this area of land set aside for recreational purposes. In 1903 a small section of the park in the south western corner was officially set aside as a Drill Shed Reserve. Three digger memorials to fallen soldiers were built in Queensland following the Boer War which lasted from 1899 until 1902. The memorial at Allora was the first planned in 1904, followed in 1908 by the Boer War Memorial at Gatton and, lastly, the South African War Memorial in Brisbane unveiled in 1919. Although the term \"digger\" came into popular use only after World War I it is still thought to be appropriate to use the term describing figural memorials constructed commemorating soldiers from the Boer War. Many other types of memorials, including avenues of trees, bells, plaques and obelisks were erected in Queensland following the Boer War. The construction of war memorials in Queensland became more widespread after the Boer War, when the State sustained the loss of 67 soldiers on the battlefields. Following", "3rd County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) The 3rd County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) was a Yeomanry regiment of the British Army. It was raised in 1901 from Second Boer War veterans of the Imperial Yeomanry. During the First World War it served dismounted at Gallipoli, was remounted to serve in Macedonia, Egypt and Palestine, before being converted to machine gunners for service on the Western Front. 2nd and 3rd Line units remained in the United Kingdom throughout. Between the wars, it was converted to an Armoured Car Company before being expanded back to regimental size and forming a duplicate regiment, the 4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters). Both regiments served throughout the North African Campaign (notably at El Alamein), before moving on to Sicily (3rd CLY) and Italy. Both regiments returned to the United Kingdom in time to prepare for the opening of the Second Front. Due to losses, and a shortage of replacement personnel and equipment, the regiments were amalgamated in August 1944 as 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters). The regiment went on to serve throughout the North-West Europe Campaign, ending the war in Germany. Post-war , 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) reformed as a Territorial Army armoured regiment in 1947. In 1961 the regiment merged with the Kent Yeomanry to form the Kent and Sharpshooters Yeomanry. On 13 December 1899, the decision to allow volunteer forces serve in the Second Boer War was made. Due to the string of defeats during Black Week in December 1899, the British government realized they were going to need more troops than just the regular army, thus issuing a Royal Warrant on 24 December 1899. This warrant officially created the Imperial Yeomanry. The 18th, 21st, 23rd and 25th Battalions were raised in early 1900 and designated as \"Sharpshooters\".", "1st Battalion Ohio Sharpshooters The 1st Battalion Ohio Sharpshooters was an irregular sharpshooter battalion in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 1st Battalion Ohio Sharpshooters was organized from four independent companies of sharpshooters and served at the headquarters of Generals William S. Rosecrans and George H. Thomas, commanders of the Army and Department of the Cumberland, March 1863 through July 1865. The 5th Independent Company Sharpshooters was organized at Camp Cleveland in Cleveland, Ohio, and mustered in February 25, 1863, and mustered out July 19, 1865. This company was also known as Barber's Sharpshooters. The 6th Independent Company Sharpshooters was organized at Camp Cleveland, Ohio, and mustered in December 30, 1862, and mustered out July 19, 1865. This company was also known as Coe's Sharpshooters and Thomas' Bodyguard. The 7th Independent Company Sharpshooters was organized at Camp Cleveland, Ohio, and mustered in January 27, 1863, and mustered out July 28, 1865. This company also served at the headquarters of General William T. Sherman, commander of the Military Division Mississippi, May 20, 1864, to July 17, 1865. This company was also known as Squire's Sharpshooters and Sherman's Bodyguard. The 8th Independent Company Sharpshooters was organized at Camp Dennison near Cincinnati, Ohio, March 9, 1863, and mustered out July 19, 1865. This company was also known as Barton's Sharpshooters. The August 10, 1863, returns for the unit show a total strength of 129 men.", "County of London Yeomanry Several British Army regiments have borne the title County of London Yeomanry (CLY). Most have been mounted, then armoured regiments. The 1st County of London Yeomanry was a volunteer cavalry regiment originally raised in 1797. It saw action in the Second Boer War, in the First World War and in the Second World War. Its lineage is maintained by 31 (Middlesex Yeomanry and Princess Louise's Kensington) Signal Squadron, Royal Corps of Signals. The 2nd County of London Yeomanry (Westminster Dragoons) was a volunteer cavalry regiment originally raised in 1779. It also saw action in the Second Boer War, in the First World War and in the Second World War. Its lineage is maintained by C&S (Westminster Dragoons) Squadron, the Royal Yeomanry. The 3rd County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) was a volunteer cavalry regiment originally raised in 1901. It also saw action in the Second Boer War, in the First World War and in the Second World War. It amalgamated to form the 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) in 1944. The 4th County of London Yeomanry was a volunteer cavalry regiment originally raised in 1901. It saw action in the Second Boer War and in the First World War and was disbanded in 1924. The 4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) was a volunteer cavalry regiment originally raised in 1939. It saw action in the Second World War and it was then amalgamated to form the 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) in 1944. The 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) was a volunteer cavalry regiment formed through amalgamation in 1944. It was amalgamated with the Kent Yeomanry \u2013 descended from the Royal East Kent Yeomanry and the Queen's Own West Kent Yeomanry \u2013 to form the Kent and County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) in 1961."], "answer": {"text": "volunteers who could both ride and shoot well.", "answer_start": 364}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the Boer war start?", "answer": {"text": "During the early stages of the South African War 1899-1902, the British Army suffered defeats at the hands of the Boer Commandos,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the Boer Commandos?", "answer": {"text": "Boer Commandos, composed of men who were first-class shots and good horsemen.", "answer_start": 114, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb1f02fe7c964b9884806952caae1623_1_q#3", "question": "What were the sharpshooters used for?", "rewrite": "What were the sharpshooters used for in the Boer war?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The sharpshooters were finally issued their Sharps rifles on May 8, 1862. The most notable aspect of the Berdan Sharpshooter uniform is the green color, rather than the standard Union blue. They were one of only a few regiments that went outside the typical Potomac Army's uniform. The green uniform gave the sharpshooters the clear advantage of camouflage, but also sometimes was a disadvantage because they were easy to distinguish against the rest of the Union soldiers for Confederate marksmen to spot and target. Sharpshooters were high-priority kills amongst the Confederate army, because they had such high skills and good salvageable equipment. Sharpshooters used more guerrilla warfare battle tactics than the rest of the Union infantry. Along with the green uniform, a soldier was to have no brass on any of their buttons. Their shoes were standard Union issue, but their pants were made of green wool just like the frock coats, with a pair of gaiters. Furthermore, Sharpshooter knapsacks were a Prussian-style fur sack fitted over a wooden frame, as opposed to the usual tarred canvas. However, as the war went on the men were not reissued this clothing and many of the men received standard federal clothing making them harder for rebel troops to notice their elite capabilities. By the Gettysburg campaign most of the men were wearing modified blue uniforms. Ten of the regiment's officers and 143 enlisted men were killed in action or mortally wounded and 1 officer and 128 enlisted men died of disease, for a total of 282 casualties. Lieutenant Colonel William Y. W. Ripley was wounded and later received the Medal of Honor for his heroism as second in command of the 1st U.S. Sharpshooters at the Battle of Malvern Hill.", "3rd County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) The 3rd County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) was a Yeomanry regiment of the British Army. It was raised in 1901 from Second Boer War veterans of the Imperial Yeomanry. During the First World War it served dismounted at Gallipoli, was remounted to serve in Macedonia, Egypt and Palestine, before being converted to machine gunners for service on the Western Front. 2nd and 3rd Line units remained in the United Kingdom throughout. Between the wars, it was converted to an Armoured Car Company before being expanded back to regimental size and forming a duplicate regiment, the 4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters). Both regiments served throughout the North African Campaign (notably at El Alamein), before moving on to Sicily (3rd CLY) and Italy. Both regiments returned to the United Kingdom in time to prepare for the opening of the Second Front. Due to losses, and a shortage of replacement personnel and equipment, the regiments were amalgamated in August 1944 as 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters). The regiment went on to serve throughout the North-West Europe Campaign, ending the war in Germany. Post-war , 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) reformed as a Territorial Army armoured regiment in 1947. In 1961 the regiment merged with the Kent Yeomanry to form the Kent and Sharpshooters Yeomanry. On 13 December 1899, the decision to allow volunteer forces serve in the Second Boer War was made. Due to the string of defeats during Black Week in December 1899, the British government realized they were going to need more troops than just the regular army, thus issuing a Royal Warrant on 24 December 1899. This warrant officially created the Imperial Yeomanry. The 18th, 21st, 23rd and 25th Battalions were raised in early 1900 and designated as \"Sharpshooters\".", "County of London Yeomanry Several British Army regiments have borne the title County of London Yeomanry (CLY). Most have been mounted, then armoured regiments. The 1st County of London Yeomanry was a volunteer cavalry regiment originally raised in 1797. It saw action in the Second Boer War, in the First World War and in the Second World War. Its lineage is maintained by 31 (Middlesex Yeomanry and Princess Louise's Kensington) Signal Squadron, Royal Corps of Signals. The 2nd County of London Yeomanry (Westminster Dragoons) was a volunteer cavalry regiment originally raised in 1779. It also saw action in the Second Boer War, in the First World War and in the Second World War. Its lineage is maintained by C&S (Westminster Dragoons) Squadron, the Royal Yeomanry. The 3rd County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) was a volunteer cavalry regiment originally raised in 1901. It also saw action in the Second Boer War, in the First World War and in the Second World War. It amalgamated to form the 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) in 1944. The 4th County of London Yeomanry was a volunteer cavalry regiment originally raised in 1901. It saw action in the Second Boer War and in the First World War and was disbanded in 1924. The 4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) was a volunteer cavalry regiment originally raised in 1939. It saw action in the Second World War and it was then amalgamated to form the 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) in 1944. The 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) was a volunteer cavalry regiment formed through amalgamation in 1944. It was amalgamated with the Kent Yeomanry \u2013 descended from the Royal East Kent Yeomanry and the Queen's Own West Kent Yeomanry \u2013 to form the Kent and County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) in 1961.", "Boer War Memorial, Allora The Boer War Memorial is a heritage-listed memorial at Warwick Street, Allora, Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1904 to 1940s. It is also known as Queen's Park and War Memorial Park. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992. The War Memorial Park in Allora contains memorials to the Boer War, unveiled in 1904; World War I unveiled in 1921 and also a later memorial to World War II and more recent international conflicts with which Australia was involved. The land on which the memorials are now situated was part of a larger package of land bound by Dalrymple Creek, Warwick, Raff and Church Streets, which was proclaimed a park for recreation in the Queensland Government Gazette of 12 July 1902. However, early survey maps of Allora, dating from 1879 show this area of land set aside for recreational purposes. In 1903 a small section of the park in the south western corner was officially set aside as a Drill Shed Reserve. Three digger memorials to fallen soldiers were built in Queensland following the Boer War which lasted from 1899 until 1902. The memorial at Allora was the first planned in 1904, followed in 1908 by the Boer War Memorial at Gatton and, lastly, the South African War Memorial in Brisbane unveiled in 1919. Although the term \"digger\" came into popular use only after World War I it is still thought to be appropriate to use the term describing figural memorials constructed commemorating soldiers from the Boer War. Many other types of memorials, including avenues of trees, bells, plaques and obelisks were erected in Queensland following the Boer War. The construction of war memorials in Queensland became more widespread after the Boer War, when the State sustained the loss of 67 soldiers on the battlefields. Following", "Sharpshooter A sharpshooter is one who is highly proficient at firing firearms or other projectile weapons accurately. Military units composed of sharpshooters were important factors in 19th-century combat. Along with \"marksman\" and \"expert\", \"sharpshooter\" is one of the three marksmanship badges awarded by the U.S. Army. Another use of units of marksmen was during the Napoleonic Wars in the British Army. While most troops at that time used inaccurate smoothbore muskets, the British \"Green Jackets\" (named for their distinctive green uniforms) used the famous Baker rifle. Through the combination of a leather wad and tight grooves on the inside of the barrel (rifling), this weapon was far more accurate, though slower to load. These Riflemen were the elite of the British Army, and served at the forefront of any engagement, most often in skirmish formation, scouting out and delaying the enemy. Another term; \"sharp shooter\", was in use in British newspapers as early as 1801. In the \"Edinburgh Advertiser\", 23 June 1801, can be found the following quote in a piece about the North British Militia; \"This Regiment has several Field Pieces, and two companies of Sharp Shooters, which are very necessary in the modern \"Stile of War\". The term appears even earlier, around 1781, in Continental Europe, translated from the German Scharfsch\u00fctze. During the American Civil War, sharpshooters saw limited action, as tacticians sought to avoid the heavy casualties inflicted through normal tactics, which involved close ranks of men at close ranges. The sharpshooters used by both sides in the Civil War were less used as snipers, and more as skirmishers and scouts. These elite troops were well equipped and trained, and placed at the front of any column to first engage the enemy."], "answer": {"text": "The Sharpshooters fought many small-scale actions against the Boers, with increasing skill, and showed the value of mobile, well-armed and resourceful troops.", "answer_start": 1240}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the Boer war start?", "answer": {"text": "During the early stages of the South African War 1899-1902, the British Army suffered defeats at the hands of the Boer Commandos,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the Boer Commandos?", "answer": {"text": "Boer Commandos, composed of men who were first-class shots and good horsemen.", "answer_start": 114, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the sharpshooters?", "answer": {"text": "volunteers who could both ride and shoot well.", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb1f02fe7c964b9884806952caae1623_1_q#5", "question": "How were sharpshooters found or recruited?", "rewrite": "How were sharpshooters found or recruited during the Boer war?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["3rd County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) The 3rd County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) was a Yeomanry regiment of the British Army. It was raised in 1901 from Second Boer War veterans of the Imperial Yeomanry. During the First World War it served dismounted at Gallipoli, was remounted to serve in Macedonia, Egypt and Palestine, before being converted to machine gunners for service on the Western Front. 2nd and 3rd Line units remained in the United Kingdom throughout. Between the wars, it was converted to an Armoured Car Company before being expanded back to regimental size and forming a duplicate regiment, the 4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters). Both regiments served throughout the North African Campaign (notably at El Alamein), before moving on to Sicily (3rd CLY) and Italy. Both regiments returned to the United Kingdom in time to prepare for the opening of the Second Front. Due to losses, and a shortage of replacement personnel and equipment, the regiments were amalgamated in August 1944 as 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters). The regiment went on to serve throughout the North-West Europe Campaign, ending the war in Germany. Post-war , 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) reformed as a Territorial Army armoured regiment in 1947. In 1961 the regiment merged with the Kent Yeomanry to form the Kent and Sharpshooters Yeomanry. On 13 December 1899, the decision to allow volunteer forces serve in the Second Boer War was made. Due to the string of defeats during Black Week in December 1899, the British government realized they were going to need more troops than just the regular army, thus issuing a Royal Warrant on 24 December 1899. This warrant officially created the Imperial Yeomanry. The 18th, 21st, 23rd and 25th Battalions were raised in early 1900 and designated as \"Sharpshooters\".", "Boer War Memorial, Allora The Boer War Memorial is a heritage-listed memorial at Warwick Street, Allora, Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1904 to 1940s. It is also known as Queen's Park and War Memorial Park. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992. The War Memorial Park in Allora contains memorials to the Boer War, unveiled in 1904; World War I unveiled in 1921 and also a later memorial to World War II and more recent international conflicts with which Australia was involved. The land on which the memorials are now situated was part of a larger package of land bound by Dalrymple Creek, Warwick, Raff and Church Streets, which was proclaimed a park for recreation in the Queensland Government Gazette of 12 July 1902. However, early survey maps of Allora, dating from 1879 show this area of land set aside for recreational purposes. In 1903 a small section of the park in the south western corner was officially set aside as a Drill Shed Reserve. Three digger memorials to fallen soldiers were built in Queensland following the Boer War which lasted from 1899 until 1902. The memorial at Allora was the first planned in 1904, followed in 1908 by the Boer War Memorial at Gatton and, lastly, the South African War Memorial in Brisbane unveiled in 1919. Although the term \"digger\" came into popular use only after World War I it is still thought to be appropriate to use the term describing figural memorials constructed commemorating soldiers from the Boer War. Many other types of memorials, including avenues of trees, bells, plaques and obelisks were erected in Queensland following the Boer War. The construction of war memorials in Queensland became more widespread after the Boer War, when the State sustained the loss of 67 soldiers on the battlefields. Following", "Lovat Scouts The Lovat Scouts was a British Army unit first formed during the Second Boer War as a Scottish Highland yeomanry regiment of the British Army. They were the first known military unit to wear a ghillie suit and in 1916 formally became the British Army's first sniper unit, then known as \"sharpshooters\". It served in the First World War and the Second World War and today forms A (The Lovat Scouts) Company within the 2nd Battalion, 51st Highland Volunteers. The regiment was formed in January 1900 for service in the Second Boer War by Simon Fraser, 14th Lord Lovat as the Lovat Scouts. Recruited initially from gamekeepers on Highland estates, the unit was commanded by an American, Major Frederick Russell Burnham, the British Army Chief of Scouts under Lord Roberts, who fittingly described Lovat Scouts as \"half wolf and half jackrabbit\". Burnham would later go on to become one of the founders of the Boy Scouts. Well practiced in the arts of marksmanship, fieldcraft and military tactics, they were also phenomenal woodsmen always ready to tempt fate, but also practitioners of discretion: \"He who shoots and runs away, lives to shoot another day.\" Lovats scouts have the distinction of being the first military unit to wear a Ghillie suit. Lovat scouts were attached to the Black Watch, but were disbanded in July 1901 while two companies (the 113th and 114th) were formed for the Imperial Yeomanry. After the end of the Second Boer War in June 1902, the two companies of the Imperial Yeomanry returned to the United Kingdom on SS \"Tintagel Castle\" two months later, and were disbanded. The unit was reformed the following year, consisting of two regiments, titled the 1st and 2nd Lovat Scouts.", "County of London Yeomanry Several British Army regiments have borne the title County of London Yeomanry (CLY). Most have been mounted, then armoured regiments. The 1st County of London Yeomanry was a volunteer cavalry regiment originally raised in 1797. It saw action in the Second Boer War, in the First World War and in the Second World War. Its lineage is maintained by 31 (Middlesex Yeomanry and Princess Louise's Kensington) Signal Squadron, Royal Corps of Signals. The 2nd County of London Yeomanry (Westminster Dragoons) was a volunteer cavalry regiment originally raised in 1779. It also saw action in the Second Boer War, in the First World War and in the Second World War. Its lineage is maintained by C&S (Westminster Dragoons) Squadron, the Royal Yeomanry. The 3rd County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) was a volunteer cavalry regiment originally raised in 1901. It also saw action in the Second Boer War, in the First World War and in the Second World War. It amalgamated to form the 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) in 1944. The 4th County of London Yeomanry was a volunteer cavalry regiment originally raised in 1901. It saw action in the Second Boer War and in the First World War and was disbanded in 1924. The 4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) was a volunteer cavalry regiment originally raised in 1939. It saw action in the Second World War and it was then amalgamated to form the 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) in 1944. The 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) was a volunteer cavalry regiment formed through amalgamation in 1944. It was amalgamated with the Kent Yeomanry \u2013 descended from the Royal East Kent Yeomanry and the Queen's Own West Kent Yeomanry \u2013 to form the Kent and County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) in 1961.", "\"Companies of the Western Sharpshooters\" The regiment was envisioned as a specialized unit of marksmen and skirmishers, a Western Theater counterpart to Colonel Hiram Berdan's 1st and 2nd U.S. Sharpshooters (raised from multiple states under President Lincoln's patronage for service in the Eastern Theater). On August 28, 1861, Fremont authorized a St. Louis physician, John Ward Birge, to raise the regiment and muster recruits at Benton Barracks, St. Louis. As marksmen, Fremont intended that they should have a special uniform based on \"hunter's dress\" and be armed with highly accurate Plains Rifles (handmade half-stock long rifles), provided by the famed St. Louis firearms firm of Horace (H.E.) Dimick of St. Louis (a competitor of the Hawken Brothers, also of St. Louis). While the majority of the special uniform envisioned by Fremont did not survive long beyond his removal (except for an extraordinary sugar loaf hat decorated with three squirrel tails) , Dimick fulfilled his contract, providing over 1,000 long rifles, although he had to scour regional (and even east coast) gunmakers to fulfill the enormous order for handmade weapons in the time allotted. The Western Sharpshooters found the \"Dimick Rifle\" (as the unit called them, although Dimick's gunsmiths built only about 150) to be lethally accurate and declared themselves \"well pleased\" with the Plains Rifles. Fremont's scheme was partially squelched by Major General Halleck when he relieved Fremont in November 1862, ending additional recruitment."], "answer": {"text": "the government made a further call for yeomanry and between February and March, another 1,200 men were recruited by the Sharpshooters Committee.", "answer_start": 1038}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the Boer war start?", "answer": {"text": "During the early stages of the South African War 1899-1902, the British Army suffered defeats at the hands of the Boer Commandos,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the Boer Commandos?", "answer": {"text": "Boer Commandos, composed of men who were first-class shots and good horsemen.", "answer_start": 114, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the sharpshooters?", "answer": {"text": "volunteers who could both ride and shoot well.", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the sharpshooters used for?", "answer": {"text": "The Sharpshooters fought many small-scale actions against the Boers, with increasing skill, and showed the value of mobile, well-armed and resourceful troops.", "answer_start": 1240, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there also non-sharpshooters that fought on the same side?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb1f02fe7c964b9884806952caae1623_1_q#6", "question": "Who created the sharpshooters committee?", "rewrite": "Who created the sharpshooters committee during the Boer war?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["County of London Yeomanry Several British Army regiments have borne the title County of London Yeomanry (CLY). Most have been mounted, then armoured regiments. The 1st County of London Yeomanry was a volunteer cavalry regiment originally raised in 1797. It saw action in the Second Boer War, in the First World War and in the Second World War. Its lineage is maintained by 31 (Middlesex Yeomanry and Princess Louise's Kensington) Signal Squadron, Royal Corps of Signals. The 2nd County of London Yeomanry (Westminster Dragoons) was a volunteer cavalry regiment originally raised in 1779. It also saw action in the Second Boer War, in the First World War and in the Second World War. Its lineage is maintained by C&S (Westminster Dragoons) Squadron, the Royal Yeomanry. The 3rd County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) was a volunteer cavalry regiment originally raised in 1901. It also saw action in the Second Boer War, in the First World War and in the Second World War. It amalgamated to form the 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) in 1944. The 4th County of London Yeomanry was a volunteer cavalry regiment originally raised in 1901. It saw action in the Second Boer War and in the First World War and was disbanded in 1924. The 4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) was a volunteer cavalry regiment originally raised in 1939. It saw action in the Second World War and it was then amalgamated to form the 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) in 1944. The 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) was a volunteer cavalry regiment formed through amalgamation in 1944. It was amalgamated with the Kent Yeomanry \u2013 descended from the Royal East Kent Yeomanry and the Queen's Own West Kent Yeomanry \u2013 to form the Kent and County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) in 1961.", "3rd County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) The 3rd County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) was a Yeomanry regiment of the British Army. It was raised in 1901 from Second Boer War veterans of the Imperial Yeomanry. During the First World War it served dismounted at Gallipoli, was remounted to serve in Macedonia, Egypt and Palestine, before being converted to machine gunners for service on the Western Front. 2nd and 3rd Line units remained in the United Kingdom throughout. Between the wars, it was converted to an Armoured Car Company before being expanded back to regimental size and forming a duplicate regiment, the 4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters). Both regiments served throughout the North African Campaign (notably at El Alamein), before moving on to Sicily (3rd CLY) and Italy. Both regiments returned to the United Kingdom in time to prepare for the opening of the Second Front. Due to losses, and a shortage of replacement personnel and equipment, the regiments were amalgamated in August 1944 as 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters). The regiment went on to serve throughout the North-West Europe Campaign, ending the war in Germany. Post-war , 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) reformed as a Territorial Army armoured regiment in 1947. In 1961 the regiment merged with the Kent Yeomanry to form the Kent and Sharpshooters Yeomanry. On 13 December 1899, the decision to allow volunteer forces serve in the Second Boer War was made. Due to the string of defeats during Black Week in December 1899, the British government realized they were going to need more troops than just the regular army, thus issuing a Royal Warrant on 24 December 1899. This warrant officially created the Imperial Yeomanry. The 18th, 21st, 23rd and 25th Battalions were raised in early 1900 and designated as \"Sharpshooters\".", "During the early stages of the South African War 1899-1902, the British Army suffered defeats at the hands of the Boer Commandos, composed of men who were first-class shots and good horsemen. The effect in the United Kingdom was to inspire a rush of volunteers. The Earl of Dunraven formed a committee in Dec 1899 to raise a squadron of 'Sharpshooters' from those volunteers who could both ride and shoot well. By March 1900, a full battalion (18th Bn Imperial Yeomanry) had been raised. On 6 April 1900, Dunraven's Sharpshooters started for South Africa. Lord Dunraven at the last moment decided to accompany the force and was posted as a supernumerary captain on the battalion staff. He was gazetted on 17 April 1900 to be Captain (Supernumerary) of the 18th Battalion of the Imperial Yeomanry, with the temporary rank of Captain in the Army, from 18 April 1900, which he relinquished in July 1901. He was mentioned in despatches (29 November 1900) by Lord Roberts, Commander-in-Chief during the early part of the war. In January 1901, the government made a further call for yeomanry and between February and March, another 1,200 men were recruited by the Sharpshooters Committee. They were formed into two battalions, the 21st and 23rd. The Sharpshooters fought many small-scale actions against the Boers, with increasing skill, and showed the value of mobile, well-armed and resourceful troops. Following their success, Lord Dunraven was given permission to raise a regiment for service at home. On 23 July 1901, the 3rd County of London (Sharpshooters) Imperial Yeomanry was formally organized.", "Green Lantern Coaster Green Lantern Coaster is a steel roller coaster at Warner Bros. Movie World on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The ride is themed after DC Comics' Green Lantern and is located within the park's DC Comics superhero hub. The ride is an El Loco roller coaster manufactured by S&S Worldwide, characterised by a tight circuit featuring a beyond-vertical drop and an outward banked turn. It holds the record for the steepest drop of any roller coaster in the Southern Hemisphere, and the second steepest in the world. \" Green Lantern Coaster\" officially opened on 23 December 2011. In May 2011, preliminary groundwork began on a plot of land in front of Warner Bros. Movie World. On 31 July 2011, the firm announced a multimillion-dollar attraction coming before Christmas 2011. In early September, pieces of S&S Worldwide roller coaster track began appearing in the car park. On 13 September 2011, Warner Bros. Movie World began releasing cropped images of the ride's concept art. On 17 September 2011, the final clues were released before the official announcement that evening. It was announced that the \"Green Lantern Coaster\" would feature the steepest drop in the Southern Hemisphere. Also on 17 September 2011, the DC Super Heroes Store opened adjacent to , Batwing Spaceshot and Green Lantern Coaster. By early October, most of the support structure and the lift hill were complete. By the end of October, the ride's construction was complete and work had begun on the entrance pathway. In early November, six trains arrived on site. Another was showcased by S&S Worldwide at the 2011 IAAPA Attractions Expo. Kevin Rohwer, an S&S Worldwide spokesman, stated that the ride would be ready on 15 December 2011. On 28 November 2011, testing began.", "Boer War Memorial, Allora The Boer War Memorial is a heritage-listed memorial at Warwick Street, Allora, Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1904 to 1940s. It is also known as Queen's Park and War Memorial Park. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992. The War Memorial Park in Allora contains memorials to the Boer War, unveiled in 1904; World War I unveiled in 1921 and also a later memorial to World War II and more recent international conflicts with which Australia was involved. The land on which the memorials are now situated was part of a larger package of land bound by Dalrymple Creek, Warwick, Raff and Church Streets, which was proclaimed a park for recreation in the Queensland Government Gazette of 12 July 1902. However, early survey maps of Allora, dating from 1879 show this area of land set aside for recreational purposes. In 1903 a small section of the park in the south western corner was officially set aside as a Drill Shed Reserve. Three digger memorials to fallen soldiers were built in Queensland following the Boer War which lasted from 1899 until 1902. The memorial at Allora was the first planned in 1904, followed in 1908 by the Boer War Memorial at Gatton and, lastly, the South African War Memorial in Brisbane unveiled in 1919. Although the term \"digger\" came into popular use only after World War I it is still thought to be appropriate to use the term describing figural memorials constructed commemorating soldiers from the Boer War. Many other types of memorials, including avenues of trees, bells, plaques and obelisks were erected in Queensland following the Boer War. The construction of war memorials in Queensland became more widespread after the Boer War, when the State sustained the loss of 67 soldiers on the battlefields. Following"], "answer": {"text": "The Earl of Dunraven formed a committee in Dec 1899", "answer_start": 262}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the Boer war start?", "answer": {"text": "During the early stages of the South African War 1899-1902, the British Army suffered defeats at the hands of the Boer Commandos,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the Boer Commandos?", "answer": {"text": "Boer Commandos, composed of men who were first-class shots and good horsemen.", "answer_start": 114, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the sharpshooters?", "answer": {"text": "volunteers who could both ride and shoot well.", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the sharpshooters used for?", "answer": {"text": "The Sharpshooters fought many small-scale actions against the Boers, with increasing skill, and showed the value of mobile, well-armed and resourceful troops.", "answer_start": 1240, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there also non-sharpshooters that fought on the same side?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How were sharpshooters found or recruited?", "answer": {"text": "the government made a further call for yeomanry and between February and March, another 1,200 men were recruited by the Sharpshooters Committee.", "answer_start": 1038, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb1f02fe7c964b9884806952caae1623_1_q#7", "question": "Why did they feel the need to found the committee?", "rewrite": "Why did The Earl of Dunraven feel the need to found the sharpshooters committee?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Richard Wyndham-Quin, 6th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl Richard Southwell Windham Robert Wyndham-Quin, 6th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl, MC, CB, CBE, (18 May 1887 \u2013 28 August 1965) was an Irish peer. The son of Windham Wyndham-Quin, 5th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl, he succeeded to the Earldom in 1952 on the death of his father. Lord Dunraven fought in World War I where he was wounded and mentioned in despatches. He gained the rank of Captain in the 12th Royal Lancers and was awarded the Military Cross (MC). Dunraven was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1921 and Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in 1923. Lord Dunraven married firstly Helen Lindsay Swire on 20 October 1915. They had no children and were divorced in 1932. Dunraven married secondly Nancy Yuille on 7 March 1934. They had three children:", "HMS Dunraven HMS \"Dunraven\" was a Q-Ship of the Royal Navy during World War I. On 8 August 1917, 130 miles southwest of Ushant in the Bay of Biscay, disguised as the collier \"Boverton\" and commanded by Gordon Campbell, VC, \"Dunraven\" spotted , commanded by \"Oberleutnant zur See\" Reinhold Saltzwedel. Saltzwedel believed the disguised ship was a merchant vessel. The U-boat submerged and closed with \"Dunraven\" before surfacing astern at 11:43 am and opening fire at long range. \"Dunraven\" made smoke and sent off a panic party (a small number of men who \"abandon ship\" during an attack to continue the impersonation of a merchant). Shells began hitting \"Dunraven\", detonating her depth charges and setting her stern afire. Her crew remained hidden letting the fires burn. Then a 4 inch (102 mm) gun and crew were blown away revealing \"Dunraven\"s identity as a warship, and \"UC-71\" submerged. A second \"panic party\" abandoned ship. \" Dunraven\" was hit by a torpedo. A third \"panic party\" went over the side, leaving only two guns manned. \" UC-71\" surfaced, shelled \"Dunraven\" and again submerged. Campbell replied with two torpedoes that missed, and around 3 pm, the undamaged U-boat left that area. Only one of \"Dunraven\"s crew was killed, but the Q-Ship was sinking. The British destroyer picked up \"Dunraven\"s survivors and took her in tow for Plymouth, but \"Dunraven\" sank at 1:30 am early on 10 August 1917 to the north of Ushant.", "Edwin Wyndham-Quin, 3rd Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl Edwin Richard Wyndham-Quin, 3rd Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl (19 May 1812 \u2013 6 October 1871) was a British peer, Member of Parliament, and archaeologist. He was styled Viscount Adare from 1824 to 1850. The son of Windham Quin, 2nd Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl, he succeeded to the Earldom on the death of his father in 1850. Along with George Petrie, Lord Dunraven is credited with \"laying the foundations of a sound school of archaeology\" in Ireland. The third Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl in the peerage of Ireland, and first Baron Kenry of the United Kingdom (1812\u20131871), born 19 May 1812, in London, was only son of Windham Henry, second earl. His grandfather, Valentine Richard Quin (1752\u20131824), as a staunch supporter of the union, was recommended by Lord Cornwallis for a peerage, with the title of Baron Adare (31 July 1800) (Cornwallis Correspondence, ed. Ross, iii. 25). He was further created Viscount Mount-Earl in 1816, and Earl of Dunraven in 1822. Wyndham-Quin was educated at Eton and at Trinity College, Dublin, graduating BA in 1833. He converted to Roman Catholicism in 1855. The third earl's father, Windham Henry Quin, second earl of Dunraven (1782\u20131850), assumed in 1815 the additional name of Wyndham in right of his wife. He represented Limerick county in the imperial parliament from 1806 to 1820, and was a representative peer of Ireland from 1839 till his death. The third earl's mother, Caroline, was daughter and heiress of Thomas Wyndham of Dunraven Castle, Glamorganshire.", "Green Lantern Coaster Green Lantern Coaster is a steel roller coaster at Warner Bros. Movie World on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The ride is themed after DC Comics' Green Lantern and is located within the park's DC Comics superhero hub. The ride is an El Loco roller coaster manufactured by S&S Worldwide, characterised by a tight circuit featuring a beyond-vertical drop and an outward banked turn. It holds the record for the steepest drop of any roller coaster in the Southern Hemisphere, and the second steepest in the world. \" Green Lantern Coaster\" officially opened on 23 December 2011. In May 2011, preliminary groundwork began on a plot of land in front of Warner Bros. Movie World. On 31 July 2011, the firm announced a multimillion-dollar attraction coming before Christmas 2011. In early September, pieces of S&S Worldwide roller coaster track began appearing in the car park. On 13 September 2011, Warner Bros. Movie World began releasing cropped images of the ride's concept art. On 17 September 2011, the final clues were released before the official announcement that evening. It was announced that the \"Green Lantern Coaster\" would feature the steepest drop in the Southern Hemisphere. Also on 17 September 2011, the DC Super Heroes Store opened adjacent to , Batwing Spaceshot and Green Lantern Coaster. By early October, most of the support structure and the lift hill were complete. By the end of October, the ride's construction was complete and work had begun on the entrance pathway. In early November, six trains arrived on site. Another was showcased by S&S Worldwide at the 2011 IAAPA Attractions Expo. Kevin Rohwer, an S&S Worldwide spokesman, stated that the ride would be ready on 15 December 2011. On 28 November 2011, testing began.", "During the early stages of the South African War 1899-1902, the British Army suffered defeats at the hands of the Boer Commandos, composed of men who were first-class shots and good horsemen. The effect in the United Kingdom was to inspire a rush of volunteers. The Earl of Dunraven formed a committee in Dec 1899 to raise a squadron of 'Sharpshooters' from those volunteers who could both ride and shoot well. By March 1900, a full battalion (18th Bn Imperial Yeomanry) had been raised. On 6 April 1900, Dunraven's Sharpshooters started for South Africa. Lord Dunraven at the last moment decided to accompany the force and was posted as a supernumerary captain on the battalion staff. He was gazetted on 17 April 1900 to be Captain (Supernumerary) of the 18th Battalion of the Imperial Yeomanry, with the temporary rank of Captain in the Army, from 18 April 1900, which he relinquished in July 1901. He was mentioned in despatches (29 November 1900) by Lord Roberts, Commander-in-Chief during the early part of the war. In January 1901, the government made a further call for yeomanry and between February and March, another 1,200 men were recruited by the Sharpshooters Committee. They were formed into two battalions, the 21st and 23rd. The Sharpshooters fought many small-scale actions against the Boers, with increasing skill, and showed the value of mobile, well-armed and resourceful troops. Following their success, Lord Dunraven was given permission to raise a regiment for service at home. On 23 July 1901, the 3rd County of London (Sharpshooters) Imperial Yeomanry was formally organized."], "answer": {"text": "the Boer Commandos,", "answer_start": 110}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "How did the Boer war start?", "answer": {"text": "During the early stages of the South African War 1899-1902, the British Army suffered defeats at the hands of the Boer Commandos,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the Boer Commandos?", "answer": {"text": "Boer Commandos, composed of men who were first-class shots and good horsemen.", "answer_start": 114, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the sharpshooters?", "answer": {"text": "volunteers who could both ride and shoot well.", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the sharpshooters used for?", "answer": {"text": "The Sharpshooters fought many small-scale actions against the Boers, with increasing skill, and showed the value of mobile, well-armed and resourceful troops.", "answer_start": 1240, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there also non-sharpshooters that fought on the same side?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How were sharpshooters found or recruited?", "answer": {"text": "the government made a further call for yeomanry and between February and March, another 1,200 men were recruited by the Sharpshooters Committee.", "answer_start": 1038, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who created the sharpshooters committee?", "answer": {"text": "The Earl of Dunraven formed a committee in Dec 1899", "answer_start": 262, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c971a73b65594c458641689a033cfa99_1_q#0", "question": "Where did James Ussher go to school?", "rewrite": "Where did James Ussher go to school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["William Augustus Edmond Ussher William Augustus Edmond Ussher (8 July 1849 \u2013 19 March 1920) was a British geologist. Ussher, born in County Galway, was the youngest of six children in an Irish Protestant family that could trace its ancestry back to Archbishop James Ussher. In April 1868 William Ussher joined the Geological Survey after passing a civil service examination. He retired from the Survey in 1909 after making major contributions to establishing the stratigraphic succession in the Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian-Triassic rocks in southwestern England, especially Cornwall, Devon, and West Somerset. He contributed articles to the \"Geological Magazine\", the \"Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London\", and the \"Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society\", and several other learned journals. He was awarded the Murchison Medal in 1914. The Ussher Society, named in his honour, was founded in 1962 to promote the study of geology and geomorphology in southwest England.", "Ussher chronology The Ussher chronology is a 17th-century chronology of the history of the world formulated from a literal reading of the Old Testament by James Ussher, the Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland. The chronology is sometimes associated with young Earth creationism, which holds that the Universe was created only a few millennia ago by God as described in the first two chapters of the biblical book of Genesis. Ussher fell into disrepute in the 19th century. Published in 1650, the full title of Ussher's work in Latin is \"Annales Veteris Testamenti, a prima mundi origine deducti, una cum rerum Asiaticarum et Aegyptiacarum chronico, a temporis historici principio usque ad Maccabaicorum initia producto\" (\"Annals of the Old Testament, deduced from the first origins of the world, the chronicle of Asiatic and Egyptian matters together produced from the beginning of historical time up to the beginnings of Maccabees\"). Ussher's work was his contribution to the long-running theological debate on the age of the Earth. This was a major concern of many Christian scholars over the centuries. The chronology is sometimes called the UssherLightfoot chronology because John Lightfoot published a similar chronology in 1642\u20131644. This, however, is a misnomer, as the chronology is based on Ussher's work alone and not that of Lightfoot. Ussher deduced that the first day of creation fell upon, October 23, 4004 BC, in the proleptic Julian calendar, near the autumnal equinox. Lightfoot similarly deduced that Creation began at nightfall near the autumnal equinox, but in the year 3929 BC.", "Ambrose Ussher Ambrose Ussher (1582?\u20131629) was an Irish Protestant clergyman and scholar, a fellow of Trinity College, Dublin and rector in the Church of Ireland, known as a biblical translator. Born in Dublin about 1582, he was third but second surviving son of Arland Ussher and his wife Margaret. James Ussher, archbishop of Armagh, was his elder brother. He is said to have been for a time at Cambridge. He graduated M.A. and was elected fellow of the recently established Trinity College, Dublin. He became learned in Hebrew and Arabic. Among his correspondents was Henry Briggs, the mathematician. His career as a fellow was interrupted when he had to be constrained because of his madness, and he died young. Ussher died at Dublin, unmarried, and was buried on 4 March 1629. Before the completion of the Authorised Version of the Bible, Ussher prepared a translation from the original Hebrew, which he dedicated to James I, with the fond, but unlikely hope that the King wanted as many English translations of the bible as possible. It remained in manuscript in three volumes in the library of Trinity College, Dublin. His translation is significantly less anachronistic than the Authorized Version - lust instead of concupiscence, for example - and was a genuinely original work, based on Hebrew and Greek texts, but, that said, it was clearly dependent upon earlier English translations. The only work he published was a \u2018Brief Catechism very well serving for the Instruction of Youth,\u2019 printed at Dublin without date. He left, however, thirty-four works in manuscript, preserved in Trinity College, Dublin. They included volumes of sermons, commentaries on scripture, and notes on classical authors. Besides the translation of the Bible, they included:", "Nicholas Bernard Nicholas Bernard (c. 1600-1661) was an English clergyman and pamphleteer. A dean in Ireland at the time of the Rebellion of 1641, he wrote descriptions of current events. He was also the biographer of James Ussher. He was born around 1600, and educated at Cambridge. Having migrated to Ireland, he was ordained by Archbishop James Ussher, in St. Peter's church, Drogheda, in 1626. He became the archbishop's chaplain and librarian. In 1627 he became dean of Kilmore, a titular position. In 1637 he exchanged with the Very Rev. Henry Jones the deanery of Kilmore for that of Ardagh, and became prebendary of Dromore. He attended Bishop John Atherton, executed in 1640, in his last days, and wrote an account. , which became a popular chap-book. Atherton was convicted of sexual offences; there was a background in church politics, and historians believe that Bernard's writing points to the context behind the scandal, as well as being a tract on repentance. In connection with the rebellion he wrote pamphlets, about the events in Drogheda and County Louth, and at Derry. In 1647 he preached in London, but came to the attention of the Committee for Plundered Ministers. They took exception to his not having a licence to preach, and Bernard spent time in the Fleet Prison. He left Ireland around 1649, was appointed preacher of Gray's Inn in 1651, and became chaplain to Oliver Cromwell. When Ussher died in 1655, Bernard took care of the funeral expenses, and in 1656 published the \"Life and Death of Archbishop Ussher in a Sermon preached at his Funeral at Westminster, 1656\".", "Henry Ussher Henry Ussher (1550 \u2013 2 April 1613) was an Irish Protestant churchman, a founder of Trinity College, Dublin, and Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh. The second of five sons of Thomas Ussher by Margaret (d. January 1597), daughter of Henry Geydon, alderman of Dublin, he was born in Dublin about 1550. Ambrose Ussher and James Ussher, sons of his brother Arnold, were his nephews, while his sister Rose married John Garvey, his predecessor as Archbishop. Henry Ussher entered at Magdalene College, Cambridge, matriculating on 2 May 1567, and graduating B. A. in the first quarter of 1570. His studies continued at Paris and at Oxford, where he entered at University College, was incorporated B.A. 1 July 1572, and graduated M.A. 11 July 1572. His first preferment was the treasurership of Christ Church, Dublin (1573); on 12 March 1580 he was made archdeacon of Dublin by Adam Loftus, with whom he was connected by marriage. The project of converting St. Patrick's into a university was mooted as early as 1563; Adam Loftus, when made dean (28 January 1565), was put under a bond to resign the deanery when required for this purpose. In March 1570, James Stanyhurst, speaker of the Irish House of Commons, moved the house for the foundation of a university at Dublin as part of a system of national education. He renewed the proposal in December 1573. It met with no support in parliament. In January 1584 the lord deputy, Sir John Perrot, received instructions to draw up proposals for the conversion of St. Patrick's into a college. He submitted a plan in August."], "answer": {"text": "A gifted polyglot, he entered Dublin Free School and then the newly founded (1591) Trinity College, Dublin on 9 January 1594,", "answer_start": 551}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c971a73b65594c458641689a033cfa99_1_q#2", "question": "What did Ussher do after he received his education?", "rewrite": "What did James Ussher do after he received his education at Trinity College?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ambrose Ussher Ambrose Ussher (1582?\u20131629) was an Irish Protestant clergyman and scholar, a fellow of Trinity College, Dublin and rector in the Church of Ireland, known as a biblical translator. Born in Dublin about 1582, he was third but second surviving son of Arland Ussher and his wife Margaret. James Ussher, archbishop of Armagh, was his elder brother. He is said to have been for a time at Cambridge. He graduated M.A. and was elected fellow of the recently established Trinity College, Dublin. He became learned in Hebrew and Arabic. Among his correspondents was Henry Briggs, the mathematician. His career as a fellow was interrupted when he had to be constrained because of his madness, and he died young. Ussher died at Dublin, unmarried, and was buried on 4 March 1629. Before the completion of the Authorised Version of the Bible, Ussher prepared a translation from the original Hebrew, which he dedicated to James I, with the fond, but unlikely hope that the King wanted as many English translations of the bible as possible. It remained in manuscript in three volumes in the library of Trinity College, Dublin. His translation is significantly less anachronistic than the Authorized Version - lust instead of concupiscence, for example - and was a genuinely original work, based on Hebrew and Greek texts, but, that said, it was clearly dependent upon earlier English translations. The only work he published was a \u2018Brief Catechism very well serving for the Instruction of Youth,\u2019 printed at Dublin without date. He left, however, thirty-four works in manuscript, preserved in Trinity College, Dublin. They included volumes of sermons, commentaries on scripture, and notes on classical authors. Besides the translation of the Bible, they included:", "Robert Ussher Robert Ussher (1592\u20131642) was an Irish Protestant Provost of Trinity College Dublin and Bishop of Kildare. The youngest son of Henry Ussher, he was educated at Trinity College Dublin, being made fellow in 1611, and graduating B.A. 1612, M.A. 1614, viceprovost 1615; B.D. 1621. He was prebendary of St. Audoen's, Dublin (1617); rector of Ardstraw (1617); prebendary of Dromaragh (1624); and rector of Lurgan (1629). On the death in 1627 of Sir William Temple, there was a disputed election to the Provostship. The senior Fellows elected Joseph Mead, who declined; the junior Fellows elected Ussher (14 April 1627), and he was sworn in the same day. He was set aside by royal letter in favour of William Bedell, who was sworn in on 16 August. On Bedell's promotion as Bishop of Kilmore, Ussher was again elected (3 October 1629), and sworn in 13 January 1630. He owed his appointment to a temperate letter in his favour by his cousin, James Ussher, to whom an appeal had been made. He was an able preacher, he promoted the study of the Irish language, and he defended the charter rights of the college; but was considered too dovish. On 11 August 1634 he resigned the Provostship on being appointed Archdeacon of Meath. On 25 February 1635 he was consecrated Bishop of Kildare. He died at Panta Birsley, near Ellesmere, Shropshire, on 7 September 1642, and was buried at Dudleston (Doddleston) Chapel, near Oswestry.", "Ussher was born in Dublin to a well-to-do family. His maternal grandfather, James Stanihurst, had been speaker of the Irish parliament. Ussher's father, Arland Ussher, was a clerk in chancery who married James Stanihurst's daughter, Margaret (by his first wife Anne Fitzsimon), who was reportedly a Roman Catholic. Ussher's younger, and only surviving, brother, Ambrose, became a distinguished scholar of Arabic and Hebrew. According to his chaplain and biographer, Nicholas Bernard, the elder brother was taught to read by two blind, spinster aunts. A gifted polyglot, he entered Dublin Free School and then the newly founded (1591) Trinity College, Dublin on 9 January 1594, at the age of thirteen (not an unusual age at the time). He had received his Bachelor of Arts degree by 1598, and was a fellow and MA by 1600 (though Bernard claims he did not gain his MA till 1601). In May 1602, he was ordained in the Trinity College Chapel as a deacon in the Protestant, established, Church of Ireland (and possibly priest on the same day) by his uncle Henry Ussher, the Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland. Ussher went on to become Chancellor of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin in 1605 and Prebend of Finglas. He became Professor of Theological Controversies at Trinity College and a Bachelor of Divinity in 1607, Doctor of Divinity in 1612, and then Vice-Chancellor in 1615 and vice-provost in 1616. In 1613, he married Phoebe, daughter of a previous Vice-Provost, Luke Challoner, and published his first work. In 1615, he was closely involved with the drawing up of the first confession of faith of the Church of Ireland.", "Trinity College Library The Library of Trinity College Dublin () serves Trinity College and the University of Dublin. It is a legal deposit or \"copyright library\", which means that publishers in Ireland must deposit a copy of all their publications there, free of charge. It is also the only Irish library to hold such rights for the United Kingdom. The Library is the permanent home to the Brian Boru harp which is a national symbol of Ireland, a copy of 1916 Proclamation of the Irish Republic, and the Book of Kells. Two of the four volumes of the Book of Kells are on public display, one opened to a major decorated page and the other to a typical page of text. The volumes and pages shown are regularly changed. Members of the University of Dublin also have access to the libraries of Tallaght University Hospital and the Irish School of Ecumenics, Milltown. The Library proper occupies several buildings, six of which are at the Trinity College campus itself, with another part of the Trinity Centre at St James's Hospital, Dublin: Further materials are held in storage in Stacks, either in closed access within College or at a book depository in the Dublin suburb of Santry. The Library began with the founding of Trinity College in 1592. In 1661, Henry Jones presented it with the Book of Kells, its most famous manuscript. James Ussher (1625\u201356), Archbishop of Armagh, whose most important works were \"\"Veterum Epistolarum Hibernicarum Sylloge\"\" (1632) and \"\"Brittanicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates\"\" (1639), left his valuable library, comprising several thousand printed books and manuscripts, to the Library. His complete works were published by the Library in twenty-four volumes.", "Henry Ussher Henry Ussher (1550 \u2013 2 April 1613) was an Irish Protestant churchman, a founder of Trinity College, Dublin, and Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh. The second of five sons of Thomas Ussher by Margaret (d. January 1597), daughter of Henry Geydon, alderman of Dublin, he was born in Dublin about 1550. Ambrose Ussher and James Ussher, sons of his brother Arnold, were his nephews, while his sister Rose married John Garvey, his predecessor as Archbishop. Henry Ussher entered at Magdalene College, Cambridge, matriculating on 2 May 1567, and graduating B. A. in the first quarter of 1570. His studies continued at Paris and at Oxford, where he entered at University College, was incorporated B.A. 1 July 1572, and graduated M.A. 11 July 1572. His first preferment was the treasurership of Christ Church, Dublin (1573); on 12 March 1580 he was made archdeacon of Dublin by Adam Loftus, with whom he was connected by marriage. The project of converting St. Patrick's into a university was mooted as early as 1563; Adam Loftus, when made dean (28 January 1565), was put under a bond to resign the deanery when required for this purpose. In March 1570, James Stanyhurst, speaker of the Irish House of Commons, moved the house for the foundation of a university at Dublin as part of a system of national education. He renewed the proposal in December 1573. It met with no support in parliament. In January 1584 the lord deputy, Sir John Perrot, received instructions to draw up proposals for the conversion of St. Patrick's into a college. He submitted a plan in August."], "answer": {"text": "In May 1602, he was ordained in the Trinity College Chapel as a deacon in the Protestant, established, Church of Ireland", "answer_start": 877}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did James Ussher go to school?", "answer": {"text": "A gifted polyglot, he entered Dublin Free School and then the newly founded (1591) Trinity College, Dublin on 9 January 1594,", "answer_start": 551, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Ussher go to school in England?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c971a73b65594c458641689a033cfa99_1_q#3", "question": "Did Ussher do anything in the Church of Ireland?", "rewrite": "Did James Ussher do anything in the Church of Ireland?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Ambrose Ussher Ambrose Ussher (1582?\u20131629) was an Irish Protestant clergyman and scholar, a fellow of Trinity College, Dublin and rector in the Church of Ireland, known as a biblical translator. Born in Dublin about 1582, he was third but second surviving son of Arland Ussher and his wife Margaret. James Ussher, archbishop of Armagh, was his elder brother. He is said to have been for a time at Cambridge. He graduated M.A. and was elected fellow of the recently established Trinity College, Dublin. He became learned in Hebrew and Arabic. Among his correspondents was Henry Briggs, the mathematician. His career as a fellow was interrupted when he had to be constrained because of his madness, and he died young. Ussher died at Dublin, unmarried, and was buried on 4 March 1629. Before the completion of the Authorised Version of the Bible, Ussher prepared a translation from the original Hebrew, which he dedicated to James I, with the fond, but unlikely hope that the King wanted as many English translations of the bible as possible. It remained in manuscript in three volumes in the library of Trinity College, Dublin. His translation is significantly less anachronistic than the Authorized Version - lust instead of concupiscence, for example - and was a genuinely original work, based on Hebrew and Greek texts, but, that said, it was clearly dependent upon earlier English translations. The only work he published was a \u2018Brief Catechism very well serving for the Instruction of Youth,\u2019 printed at Dublin without date. He left, however, thirty-four works in manuscript, preserved in Trinity College, Dublin. They included volumes of sermons, commentaries on scripture, and notes on classical authors. Besides the translation of the Bible, they included:", "Ussher chronology The Ussher chronology is a 17th-century chronology of the history of the world formulated from a literal reading of the Old Testament by James Ussher, the Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland. The chronology is sometimes associated with young Earth creationism, which holds that the Universe was created only a few millennia ago by God as described in the first two chapters of the biblical book of Genesis. Ussher fell into disrepute in the 19th century. Published in 1650, the full title of Ussher's work in Latin is \"Annales Veteris Testamenti, a prima mundi origine deducti, una cum rerum Asiaticarum et Aegyptiacarum chronico, a temporis historici principio usque ad Maccabaicorum initia producto\" (\"Annals of the Old Testament, deduced from the first origins of the world, the chronicle of Asiatic and Egyptian matters together produced from the beginning of historical time up to the beginnings of Maccabees\"). Ussher's work was his contribution to the long-running theological debate on the age of the Earth. This was a major concern of many Christian scholars over the centuries. The chronology is sometimes called the UssherLightfoot chronology because John Lightfoot published a similar chronology in 1642\u20131644. This, however, is a misnomer, as the chronology is based on Ussher's work alone and not that of Lightfoot. Ussher deduced that the first day of creation fell upon, October 23, 4004 BC, in the proleptic Julian calendar, near the autumnal equinox. Lightfoot similarly deduced that Creation began at nightfall near the autumnal equinox, but in the year 3929 BC.", "William Augustus Edmond Ussher William Augustus Edmond Ussher (8 July 1849 \u2013 19 March 1920) was a British geologist. Ussher, born in County Galway, was the youngest of six children in an Irish Protestant family that could trace its ancestry back to Archbishop James Ussher. In April 1868 William Ussher joined the Geological Survey after passing a civil service examination. He retired from the Survey in 1909 after making major contributions to establishing the stratigraphic succession in the Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian-Triassic rocks in southwestern England, especially Cornwall, Devon, and West Somerset. He contributed articles to the \"Geological Magazine\", the \"Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London\", and the \"Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society\", and several other learned journals. He was awarded the Murchison Medal in 1914. The Ussher Society, named in his honour, was founded in 1962 to promote the study of geology and geomorphology in southwest England.", "Nicholas Bernard Nicholas Bernard (c. 1600-1661) was an English clergyman and pamphleteer. A dean in Ireland at the time of the Rebellion of 1641, he wrote descriptions of current events. He was also the biographer of James Ussher. He was born around 1600, and educated at Cambridge. Having migrated to Ireland, he was ordained by Archbishop James Ussher, in St. Peter's church, Drogheda, in 1626. He became the archbishop's chaplain and librarian. In 1627 he became dean of Kilmore, a titular position. In 1637 he exchanged with the Very Rev. Henry Jones the deanery of Kilmore for that of Ardagh, and became prebendary of Dromore. He attended Bishop John Atherton, executed in 1640, in his last days, and wrote an account. , which became a popular chap-book. Atherton was convicted of sexual offences; there was a background in church politics, and historians believe that Bernard's writing points to the context behind the scandal, as well as being a tract on repentance. In connection with the rebellion he wrote pamphlets, about the events in Drogheda and County Louth, and at Derry. In 1647 he preached in London, but came to the attention of the Committee for Plundered Ministers. They took exception to his not having a licence to preach, and Bernard spent time in the Fleet Prison. He left Ireland around 1649, was appointed preacher of Gray's Inn in 1651, and became chaplain to Oliver Cromwell. When Ussher died in 1655, Bernard took care of the funeral expenses, and in 1656 published the \"Life and Death of Archbishop Ussher in a Sermon preached at his Funeral at Westminster, 1656\".", "Henry Ussher Henry Ussher (1550 \u2013 2 April 1613) was an Irish Protestant churchman, a founder of Trinity College, Dublin, and Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh. The second of five sons of Thomas Ussher by Margaret (d. January 1597), daughter of Henry Geydon, alderman of Dublin, he was born in Dublin about 1550. Ambrose Ussher and James Ussher, sons of his brother Arnold, were his nephews, while his sister Rose married John Garvey, his predecessor as Archbishop. Henry Ussher entered at Magdalene College, Cambridge, matriculating on 2 May 1567, and graduating B. A. in the first quarter of 1570. His studies continued at Paris and at Oxford, where he entered at University College, was incorporated B.A. 1 July 1572, and graduated M.A. 11 July 1572. His first preferment was the treasurership of Christ Church, Dublin (1573); on 12 March 1580 he was made archdeacon of Dublin by Adam Loftus, with whom he was connected by marriage. The project of converting St. Patrick's into a university was mooted as early as 1563; Adam Loftus, when made dean (28 January 1565), was put under a bond to resign the deanery when required for this purpose. In March 1570, James Stanyhurst, speaker of the Irish House of Commons, moved the house for the foundation of a university at Dublin as part of a system of national education. He renewed the proposal in December 1573. It met with no support in parliament. In January 1584 the lord deputy, Sir John Perrot, received instructions to draw up proposals for the conversion of St. Patrick's into a college. He submitted a plan in August."], "answer": {"text": "Ussher went on to become Chancellor of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin in 1605 and Prebend of Finglas.", "answer_start": 1116}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did James Ussher go to school?", "answer": {"text": "A gifted polyglot, he entered Dublin Free School and then the newly founded (1591) Trinity College, Dublin on 9 January 1594,", "answer_start": 551, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Ussher go to school in England?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Ussher do after he received his education?", "answer": {"text": "In May 1602, he was ordained in the Trinity College Chapel as a deacon in the Protestant, established, Church of Ireland", "answer_start": 877, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c971a73b65594c458641689a033cfa99_1_q#6", "question": "Did Ussher receive any other degrees?", "rewrite": "Did James Ussher receive any other degrees aside from being ordained in the Trinity College Chapel as a deacon?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Robert Ussher Robert Ussher (1592\u20131642) was an Irish Protestant Provost of Trinity College Dublin and Bishop of Kildare. The youngest son of Henry Ussher, he was educated at Trinity College Dublin, being made fellow in 1611, and graduating B.A. 1612, M.A. 1614, viceprovost 1615; B.D. 1621. He was prebendary of St. Audoen's, Dublin (1617); rector of Ardstraw (1617); prebendary of Dromaragh (1624); and rector of Lurgan (1629). On the death in 1627 of Sir William Temple, there was a disputed election to the Provostship. The senior Fellows elected Joseph Mead, who declined; the junior Fellows elected Ussher (14 April 1627), and he was sworn in the same day. He was set aside by royal letter in favour of William Bedell, who was sworn in on 16 August. On Bedell's promotion as Bishop of Kilmore, Ussher was again elected (3 October 1629), and sworn in 13 January 1630. He owed his appointment to a temperate letter in his favour by his cousin, James Ussher, to whom an appeal had been made. He was an able preacher, he promoted the study of the Irish language, and he defended the charter rights of the college; but was considered too dovish. On 11 August 1634 he resigned the Provostship on being appointed Archdeacon of Meath. On 25 February 1635 he was consecrated Bishop of Kildare. He died at Panta Birsley, near Ellesmere, Shropshire, on 7 September 1642, and was buried at Dudleston (Doddleston) Chapel, near Oswestry.", "Ussher was born in Dublin to a well-to-do family. His maternal grandfather, James Stanihurst, had been speaker of the Irish parliament. Ussher's father, Arland Ussher, was a clerk in chancery who married James Stanihurst's daughter, Margaret (by his first wife Anne Fitzsimon), who was reportedly a Roman Catholic. Ussher's younger, and only surviving, brother, Ambrose, became a distinguished scholar of Arabic and Hebrew. According to his chaplain and biographer, Nicholas Bernard, the elder brother was taught to read by two blind, spinster aunts. A gifted polyglot, he entered Dublin Free School and then the newly founded (1591) Trinity College, Dublin on 9 January 1594, at the age of thirteen (not an unusual age at the time). He had received his Bachelor of Arts degree by 1598, and was a fellow and MA by 1600 (though Bernard claims he did not gain his MA till 1601). In May 1602, he was ordained in the Trinity College Chapel as a deacon in the Protestant, established, Church of Ireland (and possibly priest on the same day) by his uncle Henry Ussher, the Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland. Ussher went on to become Chancellor of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin in 1605 and Prebend of Finglas. He became Professor of Theological Controversies at Trinity College and a Bachelor of Divinity in 1607, Doctor of Divinity in 1612, and then Vice-Chancellor in 1615 and vice-provost in 1616. In 1613, he married Phoebe, daughter of a previous Vice-Provost, Luke Challoner, and published his first work. In 1615, he was closely involved with the drawing up of the first confession of faith of the Church of Ireland.", "Henry Ussher Henry Ussher (1550 \u2013 2 April 1613) was an Irish Protestant churchman, a founder of Trinity College, Dublin, and Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh. The second of five sons of Thomas Ussher by Margaret (d. January 1597), daughter of Henry Geydon, alderman of Dublin, he was born in Dublin about 1550. Ambrose Ussher and James Ussher, sons of his brother Arnold, were his nephews, while his sister Rose married John Garvey, his predecessor as Archbishop. Henry Ussher entered at Magdalene College, Cambridge, matriculating on 2 May 1567, and graduating B. A. in the first quarter of 1570. His studies continued at Paris and at Oxford, where he entered at University College, was incorporated B.A. 1 July 1572, and graduated M.A. 11 July 1572. His first preferment was the treasurership of Christ Church, Dublin (1573); on 12 March 1580 he was made archdeacon of Dublin by Adam Loftus, with whom he was connected by marriage. The project of converting St. Patrick's into a university was mooted as early as 1563; Adam Loftus, when made dean (28 January 1565), was put under a bond to resign the deanery when required for this purpose. In March 1570, James Stanyhurst, speaker of the Irish House of Commons, moved the house for the foundation of a university at Dublin as part of a system of national education. He renewed the proposal in December 1573. It met with no support in parliament. In January 1584 the lord deputy, Sir John Perrot, received instructions to draw up proposals for the conversion of St. Patrick's into a college. He submitted a plan in August.", "Ambrose Ussher Ambrose Ussher (1582?\u20131629) was an Irish Protestant clergyman and scholar, a fellow of Trinity College, Dublin and rector in the Church of Ireland, known as a biblical translator. Born in Dublin about 1582, he was third but second surviving son of Arland Ussher and his wife Margaret. James Ussher, archbishop of Armagh, was his elder brother. He is said to have been for a time at Cambridge. He graduated M.A. and was elected fellow of the recently established Trinity College, Dublin. He became learned in Hebrew and Arabic. Among his correspondents was Henry Briggs, the mathematician. His career as a fellow was interrupted when he had to be constrained because of his madness, and he died young. Ussher died at Dublin, unmarried, and was buried on 4 March 1629. Before the completion of the Authorised Version of the Bible, Ussher prepared a translation from the original Hebrew, which he dedicated to James I, with the fond, but unlikely hope that the King wanted as many English translations of the bible as possible. It remained in manuscript in three volumes in the library of Trinity College, Dublin. His translation is significantly less anachronistic than the Authorized Version - lust instead of concupiscence, for example - and was a genuinely original work, based on Hebrew and Greek texts, but, that said, it was clearly dependent upon earlier English translations. The only work he published was a \u2018Brief Catechism very well serving for the Instruction of Youth,\u2019 printed at Dublin without date. He left, however, thirty-four works in manuscript, preserved in Trinity College, Dublin. They included volumes of sermons, commentaries on scripture, and notes on classical authors. Besides the translation of the Bible, they included:", "Henry Ussher (astronomer) Henry Ussher (1741\u20131790) was an Irish mathematician and astronomer, best known as the inaugural Andrews Professor of Astronomy at Trinity College Dublin (TCD), a title later accompanied with the designation Royal Astronomer of Ireland. Ussher was a key player in the setting up of Dunsink Observatory outside the city of Dublin, and was its first Director. Henry was the fourth son of Samuel Ussher, rector of Dunganstown, County Wicklow, by his wife Frances Walsh. Elected a Scholar of Trinity College Dublin in 1759, he graduated B.A. in 1761, M.A. in 1764, B.D. and D.D. in 1779. He was elected to a fellowship in 1764, and co-opted senior fellow in 1781. He was Donegall Lecturer of Mathematics at TCD 1769-1770. Appointed on 22 Jan 1783, the first Andrews Professor of Astronomy, Ussher went to London to order instruments for the planned Dunsink Observatory from Jesse Ramsden. These included: a small achromatic lens telescope, mounted on a polar axis, and carried by a heliostatic movement; an equatorial machine with circles five feet in diameter; a transit of six feet focal length, and a ten-foot vertical circle executed, after delays, on a reduced scale. Ussher chose the site for the observatory at Dunsink near Dublin, planned the building, and supervised its construction. Ussher's election as a fellow of the Royal Society of London on 24 November 1785 followed shortly after the incorporation of the Royal Irish Academy, of which he was an original member. He died at his house in Harcourt Street, Dublin, on 8 May 1790, and was buried in the college chapel. Papers contributed by Ussher to the \"Transactions\" of the Royal Irish Academy"], "answer": {"text": "He had received his Bachelor of Arts degree by 1598, and was a fellow and MA by 1600", "answer_start": 734}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did James Ussher go to school?", "answer": {"text": "A gifted polyglot, he entered Dublin Free School and then the newly founded (1591) Trinity College, Dublin on 9 January 1594,", "answer_start": 551, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Ussher go to school in England?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Ussher do after he received his education?", "answer": {"text": "In May 1602, he was ordained in the Trinity College Chapel as a deacon in the Protestant, established, Church of Ireland", "answer_start": 877, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Ussher do anything in the Church of Ireland?", "answer": {"text": "Ussher went on to become Chancellor of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin in 1605 and Prebend of Finglas.", "answer_start": 1116, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Ussher have anything to do with any churches in England?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Ussher have anything controversial in the churches?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ac5f94d5556c46bca7e8b6b79564a8e7_0_q#0", "question": "what did Chris Christie do on the trump campaign?", "rewrite": "what did Chris Christie do on the trump campaign?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["However, Cruz dropped out from the race on May 3, after losing to Trump in Indiana. Then-campaign manager Corey Lewandowski and Paul Manafort presented Trump with a list of sixteen names in mid-May, and, starting in June, the Trump campaign began vetting six individuals. On May 10, 2016, Trump told the \"Associated Press\" that he had narrowed his list of potential running mates to \"five or six people\" with a background in politics, as opposed to the military or business. However, on July 6, Trump stated that \"about\" ten people remained in the running as potential running mate selections. In mid-June, Eli Stokols and Burgess Everett of Politico reported that Trump's shortlist included Governor Chris Christie of New Jersey, former Speaker Newt Gingrich of Georgia, Senator Jeff Sessions of Alabama, and Governor Mary Fallin of Oklahoma. A June 30 \"Washington Post\" report also included Senators Bob Corker of Tennessee, Richard Burr of North Carolina, Tom Cotton of Arkansas, and Joni Ernst of Iowa, as well as Governor Mike Pence of Indiana, as individuals still being considered for the ticket. The Trump campaign also strongly considered Governor John Kasich of Ohio, considering him the \"perfect choice,\" but Kasich refused to be considered for the ticket (or endorse the Trump campaign). In early July, Corker and Ernst both declined to be considered as Trump's running mate. Meanwhile, Trump stated that he was considering two military generals for the position, including retired Lieutenant General Michael Flynn. On July 12, \"NBC News\" reported that Trump was planning to formally introduce his eventual pick on July 15, though \"it's not clear whether or not the identity of the pick could be released or could leak earlier in the week.", "At that time, Chris Christie named Bill Palatucci, a corporate attorney from New Jersey and the state's Republican National Committeeman, as general counsel; Palatucci reportedly began meeting with senior members of Mitt Romney's 2012 transition team shortly thereafter. Meanwhile, on July 29, White House chief of staff Denis McDonough led a conference call with Chris Christie to discuss transition procedures. During the call, McDonough informed Christie that Anita Breckenridge and Andrew Mayock will be the administration's primary \"points of contact\" with the Trump campaign moving forward. The pair also discussed the planned availability of office space at 1717 Pennsylvania Avenue for the Trump transition team, which the General Services Administration was to make available beginning August 2, 2016. During the first week of August, the Trump transition office was officially opened. The same month, William F. Hagerty, a former member of Mitt Romney's transition team, was named director of appointments while John Rader, a senior aide to United States Senate Foreign Relations Committee chair Bob Corker, was retained in the position of deputy director of appointments. In an example of \"how removed the transition process is from the tumult and rancor of the campaign\", representatives of the Trump and Clinton transition teams began holding a series of meetings with each other, and with White House officials, to plan details of the transition process. By October, it was reported the transition team had grown to more than 100 staff, many of whom were policy experts brought aboard to compensate for a dearth of policy staff employed by the Trump campaign. For example, in October 2016, Robert Smith Walker, former chairman of the House Science Committee, was appointed space policy advisor.", "Despite having criticized Donald Trump prior to leaving the race, he endorsed Trump on February 26, 2016. On May 9, 2016, Trump named Christie to head up a transition team in the event of a Trump presidency. He soon emerged as a major power with the Trump campaign. Trump considered Christie as a potential vice-presidential running mate, and was on the shortlist alongside former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich and Indiana Governor Mike Pence. Trump passed over Christie and selected Pence. In September 2016, Christie acknowledged that the Fort Lee lane closure scandal, also known as Bridgegate, was a factor in his being denied the nomination. Trump had said earlier that Christie knew about the closures, which Christie denies. Following the release of Trump's tape-recorded comments on an Access Hollywood bus, Christie called Trump's comments \"completely indefensible\", but also added \"I don't think it's the only way you should make a judgment.\" After calls for his impeachment as Governor and felony convictions in U.S. federal court for high-ranking members of his staff in the Bridgegate scandal, Christie was dropped by Trump as leader of the transition team, in favor of Pence. On the same day, Christie's close associates Richard Bagger and Bill Palatucci were both removed by Trump from the transition team. Former Congressman Mike Rogers, a national security expert on the Trump transition team, was additionally another close associate of Chris Christie who was also removed a few days after Christie's departure. Christie was being considered for a role in the Trump administration, but has said he will serve out his term as governor, which ended in January 2018. On December 11, it was reported that Christie turned down offers to become Secretary of Homeland Security and Secretary of Veterans Affairs, because he wanted to be Attorney General.", "Led by Ed DeSeve and David S. C. Chu, the program was described by NAPA as one which provides management and procedural advice to the leading candidates in establishing transition teams. In April 2016, representatives from the Trump campaign, as well as the campaigns of four other then-running Republican candidates, met in New York with representatives of the Partnership for Public Service to receive a two-day briefing and overview of the transition process. According to Trump campaign manager Corey Lewandowski, the campaign shortly thereafter began implementing the recommendations provided at the meeting. In early May 2016, after Trump became the presumptive nominee, campaign officials announced they would name the members of a presidential transition team within the \"upcoming weeks\". On May 6, \"The New York Times\" reported that Trump had asked Jared Kushner to begin work on putting a transition team together. Corey Lewandowski and Paul Manafort worked with Kushner in the selection of a transition chief. Three days later, Trump announced that New Jersey Governor (and former rival Presidential candidate) Chris Christie had agreed to head the effort. On Friday, June 3, 2016, the Agency Transition Directors Council first assembled at the White House to review transition plans of each of the major executive departments; neither the Trump nor Clinton campaigns sent representatives to this initial meeting. At about the same time, the White House began transferring its preceding eight years of accumulated electronic files to the National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Record Archive for preservation. The transition planning came under heavy criticism for lagging behind other recent transition planning efforts when it was shown to have hired only a \"handful\" of staff by late July.", "Eli Nachmany Eli Nachmany is an American writer. He was a speechwriter for Secretary Ryan Zinke and is currently detailed to the White House Office of American Innovation where he works on higher education reform. While attending Demarest High School in New Jersey, Nachmany interned for Gerald Cardinale and Robert Auth. He played football, participated in Future Business Leaders of America, and was a featured columnist for the \"Bleacher Report\" while in high school. He later interned in different offices including the New Jersey U.S. District Court, congressman Scott Garrett, and Chris Christie's Office of Community and Constituent Relations. In 2015, Nachmany published the book, \"Good Enough: The College Admissions Process Through the Eyes of a High School Senior\". He was the managing editor of the NYU \"Economics Review\" in 2015. In 2016, Nachmany was the chair of the New York State Federation of College Republicans and New York University College Republicans, resigning after accusations of corruption following attempts to blacklist the College Republicans at Cornell University for not endorsing Donald Trump, an act widely denounced by campus affiliates throughout New York, as Nachmany was on the Trump campaign payroll. He held a position at the U.S. House of Representatives and worked on the Chris Christie 2016 presidential campaign. Nachmany graduated \"summa cum laude\" from New York University School of Professional Studies with a degree in Sports Management. He played rugby while at NYU. Charles Grantham was his faculty advisor. He has deferred his start date at Harvard Law School to serve in the Trump Administration. Nachmany worked as an event coordinator on the Presidential Inaugural Committee, concentrating on the President's Swearing-In Ceremony. He was an advance press lead on the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign."], "answer": {"text": "Trump named Christie to head up a transition team in the event of a Trump presidency.", "answer_start": 122}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_ac5f94d5556c46bca7e8b6b79564a8e7_0_q#2", "question": "what was his administration role?", "rewrite": "what was Chris Christie's role in the Trump administration?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chris Christie: The Inside Story of His Rise to Power Chris Christie: The Inside Story of His Rise to Power is a political profile of New Jersey Governor Chris Christie by Bob Ingle, and Michael G Symons, two experienced journalists. Christie was told that President Bush had decided to nominate him for appointment to his first political job, United States Attorney for New Jersey, on September 10, 2001. Ingle and Symons write that the appointee might have faced a political battle, but that the September 11 attacks made New Jersey's Democratic senators, Jon Corzine and Robert Toricelli decide to give President Bush the personnel he wanted as the Bush administration worked to respond to Islamist terrorism. Christie used his position as United States Attorney for New Jersey not only to prosecute terrorism cases, but to uncover and prosecute political corruption. Each year he held the Office, his staff prosecuted more cases than it had done the year before. According to Ingle and Symons, Christie left office not only as the longest serving, but as arguably the \"most successful U.S. attorney in New Jersey history.\" Ingle and Symons report that in the mid-90s, when Christie opposed county funding for Planned Parenthood on budgetary grounds, he stated that he supported it ideologically. By their account, Christie stated that \u201cI support Planned Parenthood privately with my personal contribution.\u201d However, in 2016, a Christie spokeswoman stated: \u201cThe governor didn\u2019t donate to Planned Parenthood.\u201d According to the Wall Street Journal, early in his career Christie described himself as pro-choice; he later became pro-life.", "Under the administration of George H. W. Bush, migrants from Guatemala and El Salvador were given Temporary Protected Status, but under the Trump administration, such statuses were revoked for Haitians and people of other countries. Furthermore, the Trump administration has taken extra steps in attempting to remove processes for legal asylum claims via changing procedures of the Executive Office of Immigration Review. Bea Bischoff of \"Slate\" wrote in June 2019 that \"many of the current immigration enforcement actions that are receiving criticism under Trump were in place during the Obama administration.\" However, Bischoff wrote that the Trump administration's \"policy changes and focus\" on maximum deportations exacerbated the problem and resulted in \"all-out chaos\". Leandra H. Hern\u00e1ndez and Sarah De Los Santos Upton, in a July 2019 article for \"Frontiers\", state that immigrants in the United States face \"an ever more dismal horizon of rightlessness\": the \"immigration violation excesses\" of the George W. Bush administration was continued by more \"aggressive\" border enforcement under the Obama administration, culminating in the Trump administration's detainment of children, and sexual abuses of migrant women and children. Ricciardelli et al., writing for \"Critical Social Work\" in July 2019, describe that the Obama administration already \"heightened\" the usage of detention and deportations for migrants, but then the Trump administration took it to a \"considerably\" higher level. The Trump administration has separately detained migrant families, with adults being separated into criminal detention for prosecution, while the children were treated as unaccompanied alien minors. In May 5, 2019, the Trump administration officially began a \"zero tolerance\" policy towards illegal immigration, declaring that it would detain and prosecute every illegal immigrant, in contrast to a common previous practice (catch and release) of releasing migrants into the country while their immigration cases were processed.", "Despite having criticized Donald Trump prior to leaving the race, he endorsed Trump on February 26, 2016. On May 9, 2016, Trump named Christie to head up a transition team in the event of a Trump presidency. He soon emerged as a major power with the Trump campaign. Trump considered Christie as a potential vice-presidential running mate, and was on the shortlist alongside former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich and Indiana Governor Mike Pence. Trump passed over Christie and selected Pence. In September 2016, Christie acknowledged that the Fort Lee lane closure scandal, also known as Bridgegate, was a factor in his being denied the nomination. Trump had said earlier that Christie knew about the closures, which Christie denies. Following the release of Trump's tape-recorded comments on an Access Hollywood bus, Christie called Trump's comments \"completely indefensible\", but also added \"I don't think it's the only way you should make a judgment.\" After calls for his impeachment as Governor and felony convictions in U.S. federal court for high-ranking members of his staff in the Bridgegate scandal, Christie was dropped by Trump as leader of the transition team, in favor of Pence. On the same day, Christie's close associates Richard Bagger and Bill Palatucci were both removed by Trump from the transition team. Former Congressman Mike Rogers, a national security expert on the Trump transition team, was additionally another close associate of Chris Christie who was also removed a few days after Christie's departure. Christie was being considered for a role in the Trump administration, but has said he will serve out his term as governor, which ended in January 2018. On December 11, it was reported that Christie turned down offers to become Secretary of Homeland Security and Secretary of Veterans Affairs, because he wanted to be Attorney General.", "Eli Nachmany Eli Nachmany is an American writer. He was a speechwriter for Secretary Ryan Zinke and is currently detailed to the White House Office of American Innovation where he works on higher education reform. While attending Demarest High School in New Jersey, Nachmany interned for Gerald Cardinale and Robert Auth. He played football, participated in Future Business Leaders of America, and was a featured columnist for the \"Bleacher Report\" while in high school. He later interned in different offices including the New Jersey U.S. District Court, congressman Scott Garrett, and Chris Christie's Office of Community and Constituent Relations. In 2015, Nachmany published the book, \"Good Enough: The College Admissions Process Through the Eyes of a High School Senior\". He was the managing editor of the NYU \"Economics Review\" in 2015. In 2016, Nachmany was the chair of the New York State Federation of College Republicans and New York University College Republicans, resigning after accusations of corruption following attempts to blacklist the College Republicans at Cornell University for not endorsing Donald Trump, an act widely denounced by campus affiliates throughout New York, as Nachmany was on the Trump campaign payroll. He held a position at the U.S. House of Representatives and worked on the Chris Christie 2016 presidential campaign. Nachmany graduated \"summa cum laude\" from New York University School of Professional Studies with a degree in Sports Management. He played rugby while at NYU. Charles Grantham was his faculty advisor. He has deferred his start date at Harvard Law School to serve in the Trump Administration. Nachmany worked as an event coordinator on the Presidential Inaugural Committee, concentrating on the President's Swearing-In Ceremony. He was an advance press lead on the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign.", "Mary-Kate Fisher Mary-Kate Fisher is an American diplomat who served as Acting Chief of Protocol of the United States from June 24, 2019, to August 12, 2019. She previously served as Assistant Chief of Protocol for Visits. Fisher, a New Jersey native, graduated from The College of New Jersey with a Bachelor's Degree in International Studies. She began her career as a scheduler in the office of New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, but later joined a non-profit organization. She also served as Deputy Director of the Hurricane Sandy New Jersey Relief Fund, which was created by Christie's wife. While in New York City, Fisher served as the Manager of Corporate Alliances at the United Service Organizations. She also served as a staff member of Christie's 2016 presidential campaign and the governor's political action committee. After the election, Fisher joined the 58th Presidential Inaugural Committee to serve as the event manager for high-level events for both President-elect Donald Trump and Vice President-elect Mike Pence. She went on to join the Trump administration with a job at the White House, where she worked as the Deputy Director of Advance in the office of First Lady Melania Trump. Fisher first joined the U.S. State Department in 2018 as the Assistant Chief of Protocol for visits, coordinating the trips and visits of foreign dignitaries who were meeting with President Trump and Vice President Pence. Fisher also took on the role as Deputy Chief of Protocol. On June 24, 2019, Fisher took over as Acting Chief of Protocol when Sean Lawler was suspended indefinitely as a result of an investigation into his conduct. Lawler was scheduled to join President Donald Trump on his trip for the G20 summit in Japan later that week, but due to his suspension Fisher was asked to go in his place. Fisher was formally appointed as the Acting Chief of Protocol on July 8, 2019."], "answer": {"text": "Christie was being considered for a role in the Trump administration, but has said he will serve out his term as governor,", "answer_start": 1535}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what did Chris Christie do on the trump campaign?", "answer": {"text": "Trump named Christie to head up a transition team in the event of a Trump presidency.", "answer_start": 122, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were his responsibiliites?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ac5f94d5556c46bca7e8b6b79564a8e7_0_q#3", "question": "did he do so?", "rewrite": "did Chris Christie have a role in the Trump administration?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Eli Nachmany Eli Nachmany is an American writer. He was a speechwriter for Secretary Ryan Zinke and is currently detailed to the White House Office of American Innovation where he works on higher education reform. While attending Demarest High School in New Jersey, Nachmany interned for Gerald Cardinale and Robert Auth. He played football, participated in Future Business Leaders of America, and was a featured columnist for the \"Bleacher Report\" while in high school. He later interned in different offices including the New Jersey U.S. District Court, congressman Scott Garrett, and Chris Christie's Office of Community and Constituent Relations. In 2015, Nachmany published the book, \"Good Enough: The College Admissions Process Through the Eyes of a High School Senior\". He was the managing editor of the NYU \"Economics Review\" in 2015. In 2016, Nachmany was the chair of the New York State Federation of College Republicans and New York University College Republicans, resigning after accusations of corruption following attempts to blacklist the College Republicans at Cornell University for not endorsing Donald Trump, an act widely denounced by campus affiliates throughout New York, as Nachmany was on the Trump campaign payroll. He held a position at the U.S. House of Representatives and worked on the Chris Christie 2016 presidential campaign. Nachmany graduated \"summa cum laude\" from New York University School of Professional Studies with a degree in Sports Management. He played rugby while at NYU. Charles Grantham was his faculty advisor. He has deferred his start date at Harvard Law School to serve in the Trump Administration. Nachmany worked as an event coordinator on the Presidential Inaugural Committee, concentrating on the President's Swearing-In Ceremony. He was an advance press lead on the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign.", "Under the administration of George H. W. Bush, migrants from Guatemala and El Salvador were given Temporary Protected Status, but under the Trump administration, such statuses were revoked for Haitians and people of other countries. Furthermore, the Trump administration has taken extra steps in attempting to remove processes for legal asylum claims via changing procedures of the Executive Office of Immigration Review. Bea Bischoff of \"Slate\" wrote in June 2019 that \"many of the current immigration enforcement actions that are receiving criticism under Trump were in place during the Obama administration.\" However, Bischoff wrote that the Trump administration's \"policy changes and focus\" on maximum deportations exacerbated the problem and resulted in \"all-out chaos\". Leandra H. Hern\u00e1ndez and Sarah De Los Santos Upton, in a July 2019 article for \"Frontiers\", state that immigrants in the United States face \"an ever more dismal horizon of rightlessness\": the \"immigration violation excesses\" of the George W. Bush administration was continued by more \"aggressive\" border enforcement under the Obama administration, culminating in the Trump administration's detainment of children, and sexual abuses of migrant women and children. Ricciardelli et al., writing for \"Critical Social Work\" in July 2019, describe that the Obama administration already \"heightened\" the usage of detention and deportations for migrants, but then the Trump administration took it to a \"considerably\" higher level. The Trump administration has separately detained migrant families, with adults being separated into criminal detention for prosecution, while the children were treated as unaccompanied alien minors. In May 5, 2019, the Trump administration officially began a \"zero tolerance\" policy towards illegal immigration, declaring that it would detain and prosecute every illegal immigrant, in contrast to a common previous practice (catch and release) of releasing migrants into the country while their immigration cases were processed.", "Mary-Kate Fisher Mary-Kate Fisher is an American diplomat who served as Acting Chief of Protocol of the United States from June 24, 2019, to August 12, 2019. She previously served as Assistant Chief of Protocol for Visits. Fisher, a New Jersey native, graduated from The College of New Jersey with a Bachelor's Degree in International Studies. She began her career as a scheduler in the office of New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, but later joined a non-profit organization. She also served as Deputy Director of the Hurricane Sandy New Jersey Relief Fund, which was created by Christie's wife. While in New York City, Fisher served as the Manager of Corporate Alliances at the United Service Organizations. She also served as a staff member of Christie's 2016 presidential campaign and the governor's political action committee. After the election, Fisher joined the 58th Presidential Inaugural Committee to serve as the event manager for high-level events for both President-elect Donald Trump and Vice President-elect Mike Pence. She went on to join the Trump administration with a job at the White House, where she worked as the Deputy Director of Advance in the office of First Lady Melania Trump. Fisher first joined the U.S. State Department in 2018 as the Assistant Chief of Protocol for visits, coordinating the trips and visits of foreign dignitaries who were meeting with President Trump and Vice President Pence. Fisher also took on the role as Deputy Chief of Protocol. On June 24, 2019, Fisher took over as Acting Chief of Protocol when Sean Lawler was suspended indefinitely as a result of an investigation into his conduct. Lawler was scheduled to join President Donald Trump on his trip for the G20 summit in Japan later that week, but due to his suspension Fisher was asked to go in his place. Fisher was formally appointed as the Acting Chief of Protocol on July 8, 2019.", "Despite having criticized Donald Trump prior to leaving the race, he endorsed Trump on February 26, 2016. On May 9, 2016, Trump named Christie to head up a transition team in the event of a Trump presidency. He soon emerged as a major power with the Trump campaign. Trump considered Christie as a potential vice-presidential running mate, and was on the shortlist alongside former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich and Indiana Governor Mike Pence. Trump passed over Christie and selected Pence. In September 2016, Christie acknowledged that the Fort Lee lane closure scandal, also known as Bridgegate, was a factor in his being denied the nomination. Trump had said earlier that Christie knew about the closures, which Christie denies. Following the release of Trump's tape-recorded comments on an Access Hollywood bus, Christie called Trump's comments \"completely indefensible\", but also added \"I don't think it's the only way you should make a judgment.\" After calls for his impeachment as Governor and felony convictions in U.S. federal court for high-ranking members of his staff in the Bridgegate scandal, Christie was dropped by Trump as leader of the transition team, in favor of Pence. On the same day, Christie's close associates Richard Bagger and Bill Palatucci were both removed by Trump from the transition team. Former Congressman Mike Rogers, a national security expert on the Trump transition team, was additionally another close associate of Chris Christie who was also removed a few days after Christie's departure. Christie was being considered for a role in the Trump administration, but has said he will serve out his term as governor, which ended in January 2018. On December 11, it was reported that Christie turned down offers to become Secretary of Homeland Security and Secretary of Veterans Affairs, because he wanted to be Attorney General.", "Chris Christie: The Inside Story of His Rise to Power Chris Christie: The Inside Story of His Rise to Power is a political profile of New Jersey Governor Chris Christie by Bob Ingle, and Michael G Symons, two experienced journalists. Christie was told that President Bush had decided to nominate him for appointment to his first political job, United States Attorney for New Jersey, on September 10, 2001. Ingle and Symons write that the appointee might have faced a political battle, but that the September 11 attacks made New Jersey's Democratic senators, Jon Corzine and Robert Toricelli decide to give President Bush the personnel he wanted as the Bush administration worked to respond to Islamist terrorism. Christie used his position as United States Attorney for New Jersey not only to prosecute terrorism cases, but to uncover and prosecute political corruption. Each year he held the Office, his staff prosecuted more cases than it had done the year before. According to Ingle and Symons, Christie left office not only as the longest serving, but as arguably the \"most successful U.S. attorney in New Jersey history.\" Ingle and Symons report that in the mid-90s, when Christie opposed county funding for Planned Parenthood on budgetary grounds, he stated that he supported it ideologically. By their account, Christie stated that \u201cI support Planned Parenthood privately with my personal contribution.\u201d However, in 2016, a Christie spokeswoman stated: \u201cThe governor didn\u2019t donate to Planned Parenthood.\u201d According to the Wall Street Journal, early in his career Christie described himself as pro-choice; he later became pro-life."], "answer": {"text": "Christie turned down an offer to act as Secretary of Labor, saying he would finish his term as governor after which he would move to the private sector.", "answer_start": 39}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what did Chris Christie do on the trump campaign?", "answer": {"text": "Trump named Christie to head up a transition team in the event of a Trump presidency.", "answer_start": 122, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were his responsibiliites?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his administration role?", "answer": {"text": "Christie was being considered for a role in the Trump administration, but has said he will serve out his term as governor,", "answer_start": 1535, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ac5f94d5556c46bca7e8b6b79564a8e7_0_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Chris Christie's role in the Trump campaign, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Eli Nachmany Eli Nachmany is an American writer. He was a speechwriter for Secretary Ryan Zinke and is currently detailed to the White House Office of American Innovation where he works on higher education reform. While attending Demarest High School in New Jersey, Nachmany interned for Gerald Cardinale and Robert Auth. He played football, participated in Future Business Leaders of America, and was a featured columnist for the \"Bleacher Report\" while in high school. He later interned in different offices including the New Jersey U.S. District Court, congressman Scott Garrett, and Chris Christie's Office of Community and Constituent Relations. In 2015, Nachmany published the book, \"Good Enough: The College Admissions Process Through the Eyes of a High School Senior\". He was the managing editor of the NYU \"Economics Review\" in 2015. In 2016, Nachmany was the chair of the New York State Federation of College Republicans and New York University College Republicans, resigning after accusations of corruption following attempts to blacklist the College Republicans at Cornell University for not endorsing Donald Trump, an act widely denounced by campus affiliates throughout New York, as Nachmany was on the Trump campaign payroll. He held a position at the U.S. House of Representatives and worked on the Chris Christie 2016 presidential campaign. Nachmany graduated \"summa cum laude\" from New York University School of Professional Studies with a degree in Sports Management. He played rugby while at NYU. Charles Grantham was his faculty advisor. He has deferred his start date at Harvard Law School to serve in the Trump Administration. Nachmany worked as an event coordinator on the Presidential Inaugural Committee, concentrating on the President's Swearing-In Ceremony. He was an advance press lead on the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign.", "At that time, Chris Christie named Bill Palatucci, a corporate attorney from New Jersey and the state's Republican National Committeeman, as general counsel; Palatucci reportedly began meeting with senior members of Mitt Romney's 2012 transition team shortly thereafter. Meanwhile, on July 29, White House chief of staff Denis McDonough led a conference call with Chris Christie to discuss transition procedures. During the call, McDonough informed Christie that Anita Breckenridge and Andrew Mayock will be the administration's primary \"points of contact\" with the Trump campaign moving forward. The pair also discussed the planned availability of office space at 1717 Pennsylvania Avenue for the Trump transition team, which the General Services Administration was to make available beginning August 2, 2016. During the first week of August, the Trump transition office was officially opened. The same month, William F. Hagerty, a former member of Mitt Romney's transition team, was named director of appointments while John Rader, a senior aide to United States Senate Foreign Relations Committee chair Bob Corker, was retained in the position of deputy director of appointments. In an example of \"how removed the transition process is from the tumult and rancor of the campaign\", representatives of the Trump and Clinton transition teams began holding a series of meetings with each other, and with White House officials, to plan details of the transition process. By October, it was reported the transition team had grown to more than 100 staff, many of whom were policy experts brought aboard to compensate for a dearth of policy staff employed by the Trump campaign. For example, in October 2016, Robert Smith Walker, former chairman of the House Science Committee, was appointed space policy advisor.", "Despite having criticized Donald Trump prior to leaving the race, he endorsed Trump on February 26, 2016. On May 9, 2016, Trump named Christie to head up a transition team in the event of a Trump presidency. He soon emerged as a major power with the Trump campaign. Trump considered Christie as a potential vice-presidential running mate, and was on the shortlist alongside former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich and Indiana Governor Mike Pence. Trump passed over Christie and selected Pence. In September 2016, Christie acknowledged that the Fort Lee lane closure scandal, also known as Bridgegate, was a factor in his being denied the nomination. Trump had said earlier that Christie knew about the closures, which Christie denies. Following the release of Trump's tape-recorded comments on an Access Hollywood bus, Christie called Trump's comments \"completely indefensible\", but also added \"I don't think it's the only way you should make a judgment.\" After calls for his impeachment as Governor and felony convictions in U.S. federal court for high-ranking members of his staff in the Bridgegate scandal, Christie was dropped by Trump as leader of the transition team, in favor of Pence. On the same day, Christie's close associates Richard Bagger and Bill Palatucci were both removed by Trump from the transition team. Former Congressman Mike Rogers, a national security expert on the Trump transition team, was additionally another close associate of Chris Christie who was also removed a few days after Christie's departure. Christie was being considered for a role in the Trump administration, but has said he will serve out his term as governor, which ended in January 2018. On December 11, it was reported that Christie turned down offers to become Secretary of Homeland Security and Secretary of Veterans Affairs, because he wanted to be Attorney General.", "However, Cruz dropped out from the race on May 3, after losing to Trump in Indiana. Then-campaign manager Corey Lewandowski and Paul Manafort presented Trump with a list of sixteen names in mid-May, and, starting in June, the Trump campaign began vetting six individuals. On May 10, 2016, Trump told the \"Associated Press\" that he had narrowed his list of potential running mates to \"five or six people\" with a background in politics, as opposed to the military or business. However, on July 6, Trump stated that \"about\" ten people remained in the running as potential running mate selections. In mid-June, Eli Stokols and Burgess Everett of Politico reported that Trump's shortlist included Governor Chris Christie of New Jersey, former Speaker Newt Gingrich of Georgia, Senator Jeff Sessions of Alabama, and Governor Mary Fallin of Oklahoma. A June 30 \"Washington Post\" report also included Senators Bob Corker of Tennessee, Richard Burr of North Carolina, Tom Cotton of Arkansas, and Joni Ernst of Iowa, as well as Governor Mike Pence of Indiana, as individuals still being considered for the ticket. The Trump campaign also strongly considered Governor John Kasich of Ohio, considering him the \"perfect choice,\" but Kasich refused to be considered for the ticket (or endorse the Trump campaign). In early July, Corker and Ernst both declined to be considered as Trump's running mate. Meanwhile, Trump stated that he was considering two military generals for the position, including retired Lieutenant General Michael Flynn. On July 12, \"NBC News\" reported that Trump was planning to formally introduce his eventual pick on July 15, though \"it's not clear whether or not the identity of the pick could be released or could leak earlier in the week.", "Led by Ed DeSeve and David S. C. Chu, the program was described by NAPA as one which provides management and procedural advice to the leading candidates in establishing transition teams. In April 2016, representatives from the Trump campaign, as well as the campaigns of four other then-running Republican candidates, met in New York with representatives of the Partnership for Public Service to receive a two-day briefing and overview of the transition process. According to Trump campaign manager Corey Lewandowski, the campaign shortly thereafter began implementing the recommendations provided at the meeting. In early May 2016, after Trump became the presumptive nominee, campaign officials announced they would name the members of a presidential transition team within the \"upcoming weeks\". On May 6, \"The New York Times\" reported that Trump had asked Jared Kushner to begin work on putting a transition team together. Corey Lewandowski and Paul Manafort worked with Kushner in the selection of a transition chief. Three days later, Trump announced that New Jersey Governor (and former rival Presidential candidate) Chris Christie had agreed to head the effort. On Friday, June 3, 2016, the Agency Transition Directors Council first assembled at the White House to review transition plans of each of the major executive departments; neither the Trump nor Clinton campaigns sent representatives to this initial meeting. At about the same time, the White House began transferring its preceding eight years of accumulated electronic files to the National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Record Archive for preservation. The transition planning came under heavy criticism for lagging behind other recent transition planning efforts when it was shown to have hired only a \"handful\" of staff by late July."], "answer": {"text": "Christie acknowledged that the Fort Lee lane closure scandal, also known as Bridgegate, was a factor in his being denied the nomination.", "answer_start": 515}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what did Chris Christie do on the trump campaign?", "answer": {"text": "Trump named Christie to head up a transition team in the event of a Trump presidency.", "answer_start": 122, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were his responsibiliites?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his administration role?", "answer": {"text": "Christie was being considered for a role in the Trump administration, but has said he will serve out his term as governor,", "answer_start": 1535, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he do so?", "answer": {"text": "Christie turned down an offer to act as Secretary of Labor, saying he would finish his term as governor after which he would move to the private sector.", "answer_start": 39, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_592a60799d2f43ffb71906c5ee75b06a_1_q#0", "question": "What is Beyond the Fringe?", "rewrite": "What is Beyond the Fringe?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Edinburgh Festival Fringe Society The Edinburgh Festival Fringe Society is the organisation that supports the running of the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, the largest arts festival in the world. The Society was established in 1958 to provide a centralised information and box office service for the Fringe, which had grown in numbers since eight theatre companies had effectively \"created\" the Fringe by performing uninvited alongside the Edinburgh International Festival in 1947. The first formal discussions regarding the establishment of a central body for the Fringe took place in 1954. By that year, the Fringe was attracting around a dozen companies, and a meeting was held to discuss creating \"a small organisation to act as a brain for the Fringe\", or what The Scotsman called an \"official unofficial festival\". However, it was not until 1958 when the idea of a Festival Fringe Society was properly established, by Michael Imison, director of Oxford Theatre Group. A constitution was drawn up, in which the policy of not vetting or censoring shows was set out, and the Society was officially launched at the Fringe of 1959. On May 22 1969, the Fringe Society was incorporated as a company limited by guarantee with a Board of Directors and Edinburgh solicitors' firm, Bell and Scott, Bruce and Kerr as Company Secretaries. William Grant, Lord Grant was the first chairman. It is also a registered charity The Society performs no curatorial role for the Fringe. Rather, it formalises the process of event registration, promotion and ticket selling, while also acting in an advisory and advocacy capacity. A founding principle of the Fringe was that no single individual or committee should determine who can appear. It remains an open access arts festival, accommodating anyone with a desire to perform and a venue willing to host them. The Society therefore has no artistic director, only administrators. For some years the lead (or only) official in the Fringe Society was known as the Fringe Administrator.", "Free Fringe The Free Fringe (also known as PBH's Free Fringe, after its founder, Peter Buckley Hill) is an organisation that promotes free shows during the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, the world's largest arts festival, every August. Unlike most event promoters at the Fringe, the Free Fringe does not charge performers for use of performance spaces, on the condition that they do not charge an entry fee into their shows. Audience members are, however, asked to make a donation at the end of a show. This business model has been cited as an important development in the Fringe's culture and infrastructure, and has been credited with restoring the \"idealistic spirit of the Fringe\". Peter Buckley Hill was awarded the Panel Prize at the 2009 Edinburgh Comedy Awards in recognition. The organisation should not be confused with other promoters of free events at the Fringe, which include Laughing Horse, Just the Tonic and Bob Slayer's Heroes. Free Fringe venues are commonly independently run bars and nightclubs which create performance spaces in their premises for the duration of the Fringe. Predominantly the shows are comedy but the programme has expanded from its comedy roots to include theatre, science, cabaret, music and spoken word. The Free Fringe was started in 1996 by comedian Peter Buckley Hill with the show \"Peter Buckley Hill And Some Comedians\". Buckley Hill had lost \u00a34,000 as a performer at the 1994 Fringe. The venues used by the Free Fringe have increased since 1996 from the original Footlights and Firkin venue to (in 2015) 529 free shows on 59 stages - over 9,260 performances. From 2004, Buckley Hill worked with the team behind comedy promoters Laughing Horse on promoting Free Fringe shows. However, the partnership ended in 2006.", "Calgary Fringe Festival The Calgary Fringe Festival is an annual fringe theatre festival in Calgary, Alberta. The earliest Fringe-type drama festival in Calgary was the Plan B Festival, held in 2000 at a variety of locations in both Calgary's downtown and the neighbouring community of Inglewood. The Plan B Festival arose after the 2000 Calgary Fringe Festival was cancelled due to administrative difficulties, and involved (and was organized by) many of the same artists that were originally planning on partaking in the aborted Fringe. Calgary Artist/Activist Patricia Anne Duquette, on behalf of Green Fools Physical Theatre Co., coordinated a massive community effort to rescue the festival with the additional aims of setting a precedent for future fundraising efforts. Approximately 5,000 people attended the adhoc presentations and events over the course of five days, establishing an overwhelming show of interest among Calgarians. The first official Fringe festivals in Calgary took place in 2001 and 2002, organized primarily by the Loose Moose Theatre company, and based entirely in the inner-city neighbourhood of Inglewood. These were short, three-day festivals, held the weekend after the Edmonton International Fringe Festival. However, after the completion of the 2002 festival, Loose Moose lost their lease on the Garry Theatre, and were thus unable to produce the Fringe in subsequent years. A new license to produce a Fringe in Calgary was secured from the \"Canadian Association of Fringe Festivals\" in 2005 by a new team headed by Blair Gallant and Jason Rothery, and a new Fringe was held in the summer of 2006. Many elements have changed from the earlier Fringes, including time, scope and locations. The Fringe is now a full-length 8-day Fringe: 2016 dates are Fri. July 29--Sat. Aug. 6, almost the same time as Saskatoon Fringe, and just before the Aug. 11 start of the Edmonton Fringe.", "Fringe World Fringe World Festival is an annual multi-arts fringe festival held in Perth, Western Australia during the city's summer festival season of January/February. Fringe World is recognised as the third largest Fringe in the world. The 2018 Festival recorded over 368,000 tickets sold, valued at $10.1 million and attendance at free and ticketed events was almost one million. The annual program of events features artists and acts from a range of styles including circus, cabaret, comedy, music, dance, theatre, film and visual art. Fringe World is produced by Artrage who is recognised as one of the largest and most successful arts organisations in Western Australia. Fringe World is an open access Festival, which means that artists from anywhere in the world can register to be part of the Festival. The open access policy is similar to that of the Adelaide Fringe and Edinburgh Fringe festivals. The Festival features many 'pop-up' venues, such as De Parel Spiegeltent, which was purchased by Artrage in 2011 with the assistance of Lotterywest. The full name of Fringe World's spiegeltent is De Parel Van Vuren or 'The Pearl of Fire', it was built in 1905 by Belgium's renowned Klessen family. The venue has unique architecture and a long touring history in Europe. Fringe World is the only fringe festival in the world to own its own spiegeltent. In 2016, Fringe World facilitated the purchase of a spiegeltent for Edith Cowan University; the venue will be re-named The Edith Spiegeltent. In 2019, the Festival saw the introduction of Yagan Square as a FRINGE WORLD hub, a weekly busking event called Fringe Fridays at the Twilight Hawkers Market, and teaser performances of key shows called Fringe Sundays. Fringe World Festival is held prior to and with a two-week crossover to the Perth International Arts Festival.", "Fringe theatre Fringe theatre is theatre that is experimental in style or subject matter. The term comes from the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. In London, the fringe are small-scale theatres, many of them located above pubs, and the equivalent to New York's Off-Off-Broadway theatres and Europe's \"free theatre\" groups. In unjuried theatre festivals, all submissions are accepted, and sometimes the participating acts may be chosen by lottery, in contrast to juried festivals in which acts are selected based on their artistic qualities. Unjuried festivals (e.g., Edinburgh Festival Fringe, Adelaide Fringe, and Fringe World) permit artists to perform a wide variety of works. In 1947, eight theatre companies showed up at the Edinburgh International Festival, hoping to gain recognition from the mass gathering at the festival. In 1948, Robert Kemp, a Scottish journalist and playwright, described the situation, \"Round the fringe of official Festival drama, there seems to be more private enterprise than before ... I am afraid some of us are not going to be at home during the evenings!\". Edinburgh Festival Fringe was founded under the name \"Festival Adjuncts\", in 1947. The fringe movement in Britain has been said to start in the 1960s, similar to the United States' Off-Off-Broadway theatres and Europe's \"free theatre\" groups. The term came into use in the late 1950s, and the show \"Beyond the Fringe\" premiered in Edinburgh in 1960, before transferring to Broadway and is the West End. One of the early innovators in fringe theatre was an American bookseller, James Haynes, who in 1963 created the Traverse Theatre in Edinburgh. Also noted in this period is the La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club, Jerzy Grotowski's Theatre of 13 Rows, and J\u00f3zef Szajna's Studio Theatre in Warsaw."], "answer": {"text": "Miller helped to write and produce the musical revue Beyond the Fringe,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_592a60799d2f43ffb71906c5ee75b06a_1_q#1", "question": "Who starred in the musical revue?", "rewrite": "Who starred in the musical revue Beyond The Fringe?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["That her light-operatic voice is as supple today as ever is her ace in the hole. A virtuoso at multiple styles of musical comedy who has refined a hundred variations of the double take, Ms. Sullivan can turn on a dime and deliver a formal rendition of \"Dancing in the Dark\" in which her luscious middle and lower registers supply serious drama.\" In April 2012, Sullivan was named artistic director of the Mabel Mercer Foundation. On Broadway, Sullivan appeared as Suky Tawdry in the 1989 revival of \"The Threepenny Opera\" and as Lorelei Lee in the 1995 revival of \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\". She toured in \" Annie Get Your Gun\" with Cathy Rigby and also performed in \"Sugar\" and \"Born Yesterday\". She, Mark Nadler, and Ruth Leon wrote \"American Rhapsody: A New Musical Revue\", which she and Nadler performed at the off-Broadway Triad Theatre between November 2000 and June 2002. The musical was nominated for the Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Musical of 2001 and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Musical Revue of 2000-2001 and won the MAC Award for Best Musical Revue. She also appeared in the New York City productions \"A... My Name Is Alice\" in 1984 and 1992 and \"Splendora\" in 1995, and performed in the \"Musicals Tonight\" concert presentations of \"So Long, 174th Street\" and \"By the Beautiful Sea\" in 1999 and \"Fifty Million Frenchmen\" in 2006. In regional theatre, Sullivan appeared in \"You Never Know\" in 1996 at the Paper Mill Playhouse in Millburn, New Jersey, and she has performed at the Old Globe Theatre, the Hartford Stage Company, the Municipal Opera of St. Louis, the Goodspeed Opera House, and the Great Lakes Theater Festival.", "Miller helped to write and produce the musical revue Beyond the Fringe, which premiered at the Edinburgh Festival in August 1960. This launched, in addition to his own, the careers of Alan Bennett, Peter Cook and Dudley Moore. Miller quit the show shortly after its move from London to Broadway in 1962, and took over as editor and presenter of the BBC's flagship arts programme Monitor in 1965. All these appointments were unsolicited invitations, the Monitor appointment arose because Miller had approached Huw Wheldon about taking up a place on the BBC's director training course. Wheldon assured him that he would \"pick it up as he went along\". Miller's first experience of directing a stage-play was for John Osborne, whose Under Plain Cover he directed in 1962. In 1964, he directed the play The Old Glory by the American poet Robert Lowell in New York City. It was the first play produced at the American Place Theatre and starred Frank Langella, Roscoe Lee Brown, and Lester Rawlins. The play won five Obie Awards in 1965 including an award for \"Best American Play\" as well as awards for Langella, Brown and Rawlins. He wrote, produced, and directed an adaptation for television of Alice in Wonderland (1966) for the BBC. He followed this with Whistle and I'll Come to You (1968) starring Michael Hordern, a television adaptation of M. R. James's 1904 ghost story \"Oh, Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad\". By 1970, his reputation in British theatre was such that he mounted a National Theatre Company production of The Merchant of Venice starring Sir Laurence Olivier. He later resigned as associate director.", "When Pigs Fly (musical) Howard Crabtree's When Pigs Fly is a musical revue in two acts conceived by Howard Crabtree and Mark Waldrop. The revue has music by Dick Gallagher and lyrics by co-conceiver, sketch writer and director Mark Waldrop. The revue opened Off-Broadway in 1996 and ran for two years, and received the Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Off-Broadway Musical and the Drama Desk Award for Best Musical Revue. The revue opened Off-Broadway on August 14, 1996 at the Douglas Fairbanks Theatre, and closed on August 15, 1998 after 840 performances. Directed by Mark Waldrop with costumes by Howard Crabtree, the cast included Stanley Bojarski, John Treacy Egan, David Pevsner, Jay Rogers, and Michael West. The title of the show derives from Crabtree's school counselor, who said that Crabtree's ambition to \"put on stage shows\" would happen \"when pigs fly.\" Crabtree died on June 28, 1996. Waldrop noted \"It's a show... inspired by costumes--and, just by extension, the exuberance of Howard's spirit and his desire to just put it out there... Without Howard, it's inconceivable that I would have written a gay revue.\" An Off-Broadway revival, directed once again by Mark Waldrop, with choreography by Denis Jones and costumes by Bob Mackie, was scheduled to begin previews on October 6, 2017 and open October 30, 2017 at Stage 42. The cast was to feature Jordan Ahnquist, Taylor Crousore, Jacob Hoffman, Brian Charles Rooney and Frank Viveros. However, on October 2, 2017, the producers announced that the revival is canceled. The reason given was that \"a shortfall in the show", "A... My Name Is Alice A... My Name Is Alice, is a musical revue conceived by Joan Micklin Silver and Julianne Boyd, first produced in 1983. It won the Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Revue. It consists of some 21 songs by composers such as David Zippel, Doug Katsaros, Winnie Holzman, and Lucy Simon, along with sketches by writers like Anne Meara. The revue, a production of The Women's Project, played at \"The Top of the Gate\" at The Village Gate, New York City, from November 2, 1983, through November 14, 1983, and then opened in the basement space of the American Place Theatre, New York City, on February 24, 1984, through March 11, 1984. The revue returned to the Top of the Gate in May 1984 and ran for 353 performances. The original Top of the Gate cast featured Lynnie Godfrey, Randy Graff, Polly Pen, Alaina Reed, and Grace Roberts. The American Place Theatre cast featured Roo Brown, Graff, Mary Gordon Murray, Reed, and Charlayne Woodard. The revue was directed by Silver and Boyd and choreographed by Yvonne Adrian (Top of the Gate)/Edward Love. There are two sequels to this revue, both in the revue-sketch format, conceived and directed by Silver and Boyd: The format is that of a musical revue of 20 or so songs and sketches performed by a five-member cast of women of different ages and types in a 'wide variety of situations and relationships with insight, empathy and self-deprecating humour.\u2019 The women have names in some of the sketches and songs, in others they are simply named \"first actress\", etc. Each of the cast members introduces herself by reciting an adult update on the children's ABC rhyme.", "He co-wrote (with Judith Cohen) and directed an evening of songs called \"Judith and the Cohen Sisters in Midnight in Manhattan\" at La MaMa in September/October 1984. He directed a production of Chico Kasinoir's \"The Adventures of Rhubarb: The Rock and Roll Rabbit\" in 1985 and a production of his own work, \"Saint Tous\", to celebrate Black History Month at La MaMa in February 1991. He made his Broadway debut as Xander in Stuart Gordon's 1973 \"Warp!\" and next appeared in Paul Jabara's 1973 \"Rachael Lily Rosenbloom ( And Don't You Ever Forget It)\", which closed during previews. He then appeared in the title role of \"The Wiz\", Charlie Smalls and William F. Brown's 1975 musical directed by Geoffrey Holder. After choreographing two Bette Midler musicals, De Shields returned to Broadway to perform in the musical revue \"Ain't Misbehavin'\" in 1978. The original production ran for over 1,600 shows and De Shields earned a 1978 Drama Desk nomination for his performance. Three years later, he returned to Broadway to perform in \"Stardust: The Mitchell Parrish Musical\", a musical revue featuring the lyricist's work with Hoagy Carmichael, Benny Goodman, Duke Ellington, and Leroy Anderson. In 1984, De Shields wrote, choreographed, directed, and starred in \"Andr\u00e9 De Shields\u2019 Haarlem Nocturne\", a Broadway musical revue featuring standards from the American songbook, pop hits from the early 1960s, and De Shields' own songs. The revue was produced at the Latin Quarter and at La MaMa (with music by Marc Shaiman)."], "answer": {"text": "This launched, in addition to his own, the careers of Alan Bennett, Peter Cook and Dudley Moore.", "answer_start": 130}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Beyond the Fringe?", "answer": {"text": "Miller helped to write and produce the musical revue Beyond the Fringe,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_592a60799d2f43ffb71906c5ee75b06a_1_q#3", "question": "Did he write any other musical performances?", "rewrite": "Besides Beyond The Fringe, did Jonathan Miller write any other musical performances?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Beyond the Fringe Beyond the Fringe was a British comedy stage revue written and performed by Peter Cook, Dudley Moore, Alan Bennett, and Jonathan Miller. It played in London's West End and then in America, both on tour and on New York's Broadway in the early 1960s. Hugely successful, it is widely regarded as seminal to the \"satire boom\", the rise of satirical comedy in 1960s Britain. The idea, of bringing together the best of revues by the Cambridge Footlights and The Oxford Revue, both of which had transferred to Fringe Festival for short runs in previous years, was conceived of, in 1960, by an Oxford graduate, Robert Ponsonby, artistic director for the Edinburgh International Festival. John Bassett, a graduate of Wadham College, Oxford, who was Ponsonby's assistant, recommended Dudley Moore, his jazz bandmate and a rising cabaret talent. Moore in turn recommended Alan Bennett, who had had a hit at Edinburgh a few years before. Bassett also chose Jonathan Miller, who had been a Footlights star in 1957. Miller recommended Cook. Bennett and Miller were already pursuing careers in academia and medicine respectively, but Cook had an agent, having written a West End revue for Kenneth Williams. Cook's agent negotiated a higher weekly fee for him, but by the time the agent's fee was deducted Cook actually earned less than the others from the initial run. The majority of the sketches were by Cook and were largely based on material written for other revues. Among the entirely new material were \"The End of the World\", \"TVPM\" and \"The Great Train Robbery\". Cook and Moore revived some of the sketches on their later television and stage shows, most famously the two-hander \" One Leg Too Few\".", "Satire boom The satire boom is a general term to describe the emergence of a generation of British satirical writers, journalists and performers at the end of the 1950s. The satire boom is often regarded as having begun with the first performance of \"Beyond the Fringe\" on 22 August 1960 and ending around December 1963 with the cancellation of the BBC TV show \"That Was The Week That Was\". The figures most closely identified with the satire boom are Peter Cook, John Bird, John Fortune, David Frost, Dudley Moore, Bernard Levin and Richard Ingrams. Many figures who found celebrity through the satire boom went on to establish subsequently more serious careers as writers including Alan Bennett (drama), Jonathan Miller (polymathic), and Paul Foot (investigative journalism). In his book \"The Neophiliacs\", Christopher Booker, who as a founding editor of \"Private Eye\" was a central figure of the satire boom, charts the years 1959 to 1964. He begins with the Cambridge Footlights student revue \" The Last Laugh\" written by Bird and Cook; it later transferred to the West End. Booker ends the period with the cancellation of the television series \" That Was The Week That Was\", and the closing of the Establishment Club. The boom was driven by well-connected graduates from first the University of Cambridge, and then the University of Oxford. BT states, \"The ground-breaking revue \"Beyond the Fringe\", starring Oxbridge graduates Alan Bennett, Peter Cook, Jonathan Miller and Dudley Moore, opened at the Fortune Theatre, London in 1961 \u2013 and started something of a revolution in humour.\" Booker argues that, with the response to the Suez Crisis which effectively marked the end of the British Empire as a great power, an upper middle class generation with public school and Oxbridge educations who had grown up with certain expectations\u2014of following a career in colonial administration or the civil service\u2014suddenly found themselves surplus.", "Pressurized wall Pressurized walls are temporary walls built with reams of \" (6 mm) to \" (16 mm) sheet rock (plasterboard), metal 2 \u00d7 3s ( approx. 5 \u00d7 7 cm) or 2 \u00d7 4s, or taped, plastered and compounded. Most installation companies utilize lattice strips of wood to cover the joints of the above drywall. After the frame-out process, 1\" (32 mm) sheet rock screws are used to attach the drywall to the pressurized 2\u00d74s that contact the floor, the ceiling and the sides of the property's walls. In order to prevent structural or architectural damage, only T-nuts and leveling screw pads are used on those studs. No additional fasteners or adhesives are used to add stability to the frame work. Generally, hollow core doors or French style doors are recommended to prevent weight overload and/or shifting of a pressurized wall. Completed walls are often painted the same color as existing walls. With the development of technologies, pressurized walls and temporary walls in general are getting more and more stable and reliable. Many landlords used to allow tenants to construct pressurized walls as long as they remove the walls before vacating the apartment. As a result, pressurized walls became especially popular in New York City, where the high cost of real estate leads many tenants to use such walls to create extra bedrooms, home offices or walk-in closets. In mid-2010, New York City authorities started demanding that such walls be removed because they contravene building codes and can pose safety hazards. However, no local law has been passed banning the use/installation/leasing of these pressurized walls aka pressurized partitions as the gray area has not been clearly defined by the 2008 printed/issued NYC Building Code.", "Illinois Route 136 Illinois Route 136 is an east\u2013west road in northwestern Illinois. It runs from the Mark Morris Memorial Bridge over the Mississippi River, connecting to Iowa Highway 136 in Clinton, Iowa, east to U.S. Route 30 east of Fulton. This is a distance of . Illinois 136 is a two-lane surface road for its entire length. Route 136 begins at the Mark Morris Memorial Bridge which connects to Iowa Highway 136 in Clinton, Iowa. At the foot of the bridge is a signal-controlled intersection with 4th Street in Fulton, which is signed as the Lincoln Highway. Route 136 continues east along 14th Avenue, a residential street dotted by churches and businesses. On the eastern edge of Fulton, Route 136 intersects Illinois Route 84. The final of Route 136, which run along Fulton Road, are part of the Lincoln Highway and are signed as such. Route 136 ends at an intersection with U.S. Route 30. SBI Route 136 originally traveled from IL 1 to the village of Flat Rock in rural Crawford County, a distance of about . In the meantime, the Lyons\u2013Fulton Bridge was numbered US 30 through 1957, and US 30 Alternate ( US 30 Alt.) through 1967. After 1967, the bridge and road to US 30 were changed to IL 136. In 1975, the [Lyons\u2013Fulton Bridge closed and was replaced by the Mark Morris Memorial Bridge located a downstream. The spur to Flat Rock was left unnumbered.", "Jonathan Miller (Kentucky politician) Jonathan Miller (born July 24, 1967) was a politician from the Commonwealth of Kentucky serving as Secretary for the Kentucky Finance and Administration Cabinet, serving from December 2007 to 2011. Prior to this appointment, Miller served as Kentucky State Treasurer from 1999 to 2007. He is a member of the Democratic Party. From Lexington, Miller graduated from Henry Clay High School and Harvard College and Law School. He is married to Lisa Miller. They have two daughters, Emily and Abigail. Miller began his career in politics while in college by serving as the national director of Students for Gore in 1988 when then-senator Al Gore was running for President. He later worked for Gore when he was Vice President in the Clinton Administration. He first campaigned for elected office in 1998, losing a primary bid for Kentucky's 6th congressional district to Ernesto Scorsone. In 1999 he was elected State Treasurer and was re-elected in 2003. On December 14, 2006, Miller announced his intentions to run for Governor of Kentucky with Jefferson County Attorney Irv Maze as his running mate. On May 7, 2007, a campaign spokesperson announced that Miller would drop out of the race and endorse the campaign of Steve Beshear. Raising a few eyebrows, a fundraising method for Miller's campaign was dubbed \"The Great Sideburns Debate\", which began due to an article by John David Dyche of the \"Louisville Courier-Journal\" that stated, \"Treasurer Jonathan Miller sports perhaps the longest sideburns on a gubernatorial candidate since the Seventies ... the 1870s. \" Miller's campaign shot back calling it, \"The lowest blow in political history\", and saying Dyche 'hit' Miller, \"where it hurts the most ... his sideburns\"."], "answer": {"text": "He wrote, produced, and directed an adaptation for television of Alice in Wonderland (1966) for the BBC.", "answer_start": 1125}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Beyond the Fringe?", "answer": {"text": "Miller helped to write and produce the musical revue Beyond the Fringe,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who starred in the musical revue?", "answer": {"text": "This launched, in addition to his own, the careers of Alan Bennett, Peter Cook and Dudley Moore.", "answer_start": 130, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the musical revue successful?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_592a60799d2f43ffb71906c5ee75b06a_1_q#4", "question": "Did he wing any awards in this period of time?", "rewrite": "Did Jonathan Miller win any awards in the period of time during which he wrote, produced, and directed Alice in Wonderland (1966)?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Anne-Marie Mallik Anne-Marie Mallik (born Barbara Anne-Marie Mallik in Fordingbridge, Hampshire, on 10 September 1952), later Mrs. Anne-Marie Huxstep, is a British former child actor who played the title role in Jonathan Miller\u2019s production for BBC Television of \"Alice in Wonderland\" that was broadcast on 28 December 1966. Mallik was the daughter of a barrister. Alice, whom she played when she was thirteen, was her only known professional role, although Miller's adaptation of Lewis Carroll\u2019s mid-19th century fantasy, with its star-studded cast and gothic and bohemian overtones, created quite a stir at the time. Miller had envisaged an Alice \"with no stage experience, not very pretty but curiously plain, sallow and a bit priggish\" After advertising the part, he cast Mallik within twenty minutes of meeting her, having asked her (as Mallik recalled) to recite the poem \"You Are Old, Father William\" which Alice performs for the Caterpillar. Miller's first impression of her was of a \"rather extraordinary, solemn child\" who proved to be \"naturally expressive\" and \"not amused by anything [she was] surrounded by\". In similar, though less complimentary, vein, the biographer of Peter Cook, who played the Mad Hatter, has described Mallik's Alice as \"a sullen, pouting, pubescent with no sense of bewilderment\", noting also that, in his view, \"the whole piece was strangely lacking in either humour or fear\". Mallik's return to obscurity after \"Alice\" was such that, in 1986, the BBC had difficulty tracking her down to pay a repeat fee.", "Jonathan Miller (Kentucky politician) Jonathan Miller (born July 24, 1967) was a politician from the Commonwealth of Kentucky serving as Secretary for the Kentucky Finance and Administration Cabinet, serving from December 2007 to 2011. Prior to this appointment, Miller served as Kentucky State Treasurer from 1999 to 2007. He is a member of the Democratic Party. From Lexington, Miller graduated from Henry Clay High School and Harvard College and Law School. He is married to Lisa Miller. They have two daughters, Emily and Abigail. Miller began his career in politics while in college by serving as the national director of Students for Gore in 1988 when then-senator Al Gore was running for President. He later worked for Gore when he was Vice President in the Clinton Administration. He first campaigned for elected office in 1998, losing a primary bid for Kentucky's 6th congressional district to Ernesto Scorsone. In 1999 he was elected State Treasurer and was re-elected in 2003. On December 14, 2006, Miller announced his intentions to run for Governor of Kentucky with Jefferson County Attorney Irv Maze as his running mate. On May 7, 2007, a campaign spokesperson announced that Miller would drop out of the race and endorse the campaign of Steve Beshear. Raising a few eyebrows, a fundraising method for Miller's campaign was dubbed \"The Great Sideburns Debate\", which began due to an article by John David Dyche of the \"Louisville Courier-Journal\" that stated, \"Treasurer Jonathan Miller sports perhaps the longest sideburns on a gubernatorial candidate since the Seventies ... the 1870s. \" Miller's campaign shot back calling it, \"The lowest blow in political history\", and saying Dyche 'hit' Miller, \"where it hurts the most ... his sideburns\".", "Alice in Wonderland (franchise) Alice in Wonderland is a Disney media franchise, commencing in 1951 with the theatrical release of the animated film \"Alice in Wonderland\". The film is an adaptation of the books by Lewis Carroll, which featured his character Alice. A live-action film directed by Tim Burton was released in 2010. \"Alice in Wonderland\" is a 1951 British-American animated fantasy comedy-adventure film produced by Walt Disney Productions and based primarily on Lewis Carroll's \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\" with several additional elements from his sequel, \"Through the Looking-Glass\". The 13th Disney animated feature film, it was released in New York City and London on July 26, 1951, and features the voices of Kathryn Beaumont (who later voiced Wendy Darling in the 1953 film \"Peter Pan\") as Alice, and Ed Wynn as the Mad Hatter. The theme song, \"Alice in Wonderland\", has since become a jazz standard. \"Alice in Wonderland\" is a 2010 American fantasy film directed by Tim Burton and written by Linda Woolverton. Released by Walt Disney Pictures, the film stars Mia Wasikowska as Alice Kingsleigh, Johnny Depp, Anne Hathaway and Helena Bonham Carter. The film was shot in the United Kingdom and the United States. \"Alice Through the Looking Glass\" is a 2016 American fantasy film directed by James Bobin and written by Linda Woolverton. It is a sequel to the 2010 film \"Alice in Wonderland\". The film stars Mia Wasikowska, Johnny Depp, Helena Bonham Carter, Anne Hathaway, Sacha Baron Cohen and Rhys Ifans, and was released on May 27, 2016. \"Adventures in Wonderland\" is a live-action musical television series based on Walt Disney's animated film \"Alice in Wonderland\".", "Triangulation (computer vision) In computer vision triangulation refers to the process of determining a point in 3D space given its projections onto two, or more, images. In order to solve this problem it is necessary to know the parameters of the camera projection function from 3D to 2D for the cameras involved, in the simplest case represented by the camera matrices. Triangulation is sometimes also referred to as reconstruction. The triangulation problem is in theory trivial. Since each point in an image corresponds to a line in 3D space, all points on the line in 3D are projected to the point in the image. If a pair of corresponding points in two, or more images, can be found it must be the case that they are the projection of a common 3D point x. The set of lines generated by the image points must intersect at x (3D point) and the algebraic formulation of the coordinates of x (3D point) can be computed in a variety of ways, as is presented below. In practice, however, the coordinates of image points cannot be measured with arbitrary accuracy. Instead, various types of noise, such as geometric noise from lens distortion or interest point detection error, lead to inaccuracies in the measured image coordinates. As a consequence, the lines generated by the corresponding image points do not always intersect in 3D space. The problem, then, is to find a 3D point which optimally fits the measured image points. In the literature there are multiple proposals for how to define optimality and how to find the optimal 3D point. Since they are based on different optimality criteria, the various methods produce different estimates of the 3D point x when noise is involved. In the following, it is assumed that triangulation is made on corresponding image points from two views generated by pinhole cameras. Generalization from these assumptions are discussed here.", "Alice in Wonderland (1966 TV play) Alice in Wonderland (1966) is a BBC television play, shot on film, based on \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\" by Lewis Carroll. It was directed by Jonathan Miller, then best known for his appearance in the satirical revue \"Beyond the Fringe\". Miller's production is unique among live-action \"Alice\" films in that he consciously avoided the standard Tenniel-inspired costume design and \"florid\" production values. Most of the Wonderland characters are played by actors in standard Victorian dress, with a real cat used to represent the Cheshire Cat. Miller justified his approach as an attempt to return to what he perceived as the essence of the story: \"Once you take the animal heads off, you begin to see what it's all about. A small child, surrounded by hurrying, worried people, thinking 'Is that what being grown up is like?'\" The play featured a number of prominent British actors including Michael Redgrave (as the Caterpillar), John Gielgud (as the Mock Turtle), and Peter Sellers (as the King of Hearts), as well as two of Miller's fellow cast members from \"Beyond the Fringe\", Peter Cook and Alan Bennett as the Mad Hatter and the Mouse, respectively. The title role was played by Anne-Marie Mallik, the 13-year-old daughter of a Surrey barrister, this being her only known acting performance. Wilfrid Brambell played the White Rabbit, Michael Gough (who later appeared in Tim Burton's 2010 film adaptation) and Wilfrid Lawson were the March Hare and the Dormouse, Alison Leggatt was the Queen of Hearts, and Leo McKern did a drag turn as the Ugly Duchess. The journalist and broadcasting personality Malcolm Muggeridge was The Gryphon. John Bird played the Fish Footman."], "answer": {"text": "The play won five Obie Awards", "answer_start": 992}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Beyond the Fringe?", "answer": {"text": "Miller helped to write and produce the musical revue Beyond the Fringe,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who starred in the musical revue?", "answer": {"text": "This launched, in addition to his own, the careers of Alan Bennett, Peter Cook and Dudley Moore.", "answer_start": 130, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the musical revue successful?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write any other musical performances?", "answer": {"text": "He wrote, produced, and directed an adaptation for television of Alice in Wonderland (1966) for the BBC.", "answer_start": 1125, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0bad104c7bae47e58107815068d9a595_1_q#0", "question": "how did Bob Hope get his start in show business?", "rewrite": "how did Bob Hope get his start in show business?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["As far as Bob Hope, after \"Pepsodent\" and \"The Bob Hope Show\", Hope moved into the new medium of television. Hope was most famous for his television specials on NBC, the first special airing in April 1950. The specials were often sponsored by General Motors (1955\u201361), Chrysler (1963\u201373), and Texaco (1975\u201385). Chrysler also sponsored \"Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre\", Hope's weekly anthology series on NBC during the 1960s. Hope also continued performing with the USO for 50 years until 1991 and was made an \"honorary veteran\" by President Bill Clinton in 1997. Hope was honored for his contributions to radio in 1990 when he was inducted into the Radio Hall of Fame. Hope continued performing well into his 90s and died at the age of 100 on July 27, 2003 in his home in Toluca Lake, California of pneumonia. Hope was interred in the Bob Hope Memorial Garden at San Fernando Mission Cemetery in Los Angeles.", "World War II-era stateside radio audiences, as well as the troops, appreciated Hope's soldier-directed monologues, which provided home audiences with a special affinity with the soldiers' lives and their contributions to the country. Gerd Horten, author of the book \" Radio Goes to War\", documents in this book, about seven \"Pepsodent\" episodes aired between 1941 and 1943 broadcast from different military bases across the nation. After the war, \"The Pepsodent Show\" steadily began to decline in the ratings. By 1948, ratings were so low that Pepsodent pulled sponsorship and on Tuesday June 8, 1948, the last broadcast of \"The Pepsodent Show\" aired over NBC. Despite cancellation, Hope still continued on radio. Lever Brothers' Swan soap began sponsoring The Bob Hope Show. \" The Bob Hope Show\" premiered on September 14, 1948 on NBC. By this point, most of the regulars from \"The Pepsodent Show\" left to further pursue their careers. Doris Day, who was the vocalist for \"The Pepsodent Show\" after Gloria Jean's departure, was the only one of Hope's \"Pepsodent\" co-stars who continued to perform on \"The Bob Hope Show\". Hy Averback was the announcer. Airing Tuesdays at 9, the program was at direct competition with the new sitcom \"Life with Luigi\", which aired at the same time on CBS. \"Life with Luigi\" proved to be the season's new hit, crushing \"The Bob Hope Show\" in the ratings. Like Pepsodent before, due to the poor ratings, Swan pulled its sponsorship of \"The Bob Hope Show\" in 1950. The last Swan-sponsored episode of the program aired on June 13. The next fall on October 3, \"The Bob Hope Show\" premiered under the sponsorship of Chesterfield cigarettes.", "Bing Crosby Sings with Al Jolson, Bob Hope, Dick Haymes and the Andrews Sisters Bing Crosby Sings with Al Jolson, Bob Hope, Dick Haymes and the Andrews Sisters is a Bing Crosby Decca Records studio 78rpm album of phonograph records featuring Crosby with several of Decca's top artists. Bing Crosby had enjoyed unprecedented success during the 1940s with his discography showing six No. 1 hits in 1944 alone. His films such as \"Going My Way\" and \"The Bells of St. Mary's\" were huge successes as were the Road films he made with Bob Hope. On radio, his \"Kraft Music Hall\" and \"Philco Radio Time\" shows were very popular. Decca Records built on this by issuing a number of 78rpm album sets, some featuring freshly recorded material and others utilizing Crosby's back catalog. Ten of these sets were released in 1946, nine in 1947 and ten more in 1948. \" Bing Crosby Sings with Al Jolson, Bob Hope, Dick Haymes and the Andrews Sisters\" includes several songs which had already enjoyed chart success \u2013 \"Road to Morocco\", \"Alexander's Ragtime Band\" and \"There's No Business Like Show Business\". Billboard had reviewed the songs as they were issued as singles with mixed results: These songs were featured on a three-disc, 78 rpm album set, Decca Album No. A-628.", "Boy, Did I Get a Wrong Number! Boy, Did I Get a Wrong Number! is a 1966 DeLuxe Color American comedy film starring Bob Hope and Elke Sommer. This film marked the first of three film collaborations for Hope and comedian Phyllis Diller, and was followed by \"Eight on the Lam\" in 1967 and \"The Private Navy of Sgt. O'Farrell\" in 1968. A gorgeous French actress named Didi (Elke Sommer) has become more famous for commercials involving bubble baths than for acting. Fed up with the situation, she winds up running away for a while to Oregon, where she encounters a middle-aged married realtor (Bob Hope) who agrees to secretly assist her and thereby becomes enmeshed in various complications. The film was Bob Hope's second with Edward Small. Filming started October 1965. It marked Phyllis Diller's film debut as a lead - she signed for five more pictures with Hope. With Bob Hope's film career on the downswing by the '60s, \"Boy, Did I Get a Wrong Number!\" was critically panned and compared to a \"90-minute TV sitcom\". The critic for the \"New York Times\" drew parallels with \"Up in Mabel's Room\" which Edward Small had made twenty years previously. Reviews were poor. However it performed well at the box office. \"Boy, Did I Get a Wrong Number!\" was listed in the 1978 book \"The Fifty Worst Films of All Time\".", "None of these came to fruition for one reason or another. However, in 1979, the owner of the theatre wanted to sell the land and so would not renew the lease and without funds to find another base, members were widely resigned to the closure of both the building and the company. By chance, Bob Hope, who was born in Craigton Road, Eltham, was in the UK to promote the Bob Hope British Classic Golf Tournament when he heard about the plight of the theatre. Hope resolved to do what he could to help, and raised \u00a358,000 through the 1980 and 1981 golf tournaments. Hope was assisted by celebrity friends in fund-raising for the theatre. While negotiations for the purchase of the building continued, Dickie Henderson (vice-chairman of the Bob Hope British Golf Classic) gave a benefit performance of his one-man show at the theatre to raise funds towards refurbishment. This was a tremendous evening of entertainment, enhanced by the presence in the audience of several star personalities, including Max Wall. In November 1982, the purchase of the freehold was completed and Eltham Little Theatre was renamed The Bob Hope Theatre. In September 1982, Hope became co-honorary president of Eltham Little Theatre Company along with former President of the United States Gerald Ford, who was heavily involved with the Bob Hope Classic Golf Tournament. In August 1991, Hope donated \u00a328,000 from the benefit performance he staged at the London Palladium to raise money directly for the theatre."], "answer": {"text": "Deciding on a show business career, Hope and his girlfriend at the time signed up for dancing lessons.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_0bad104c7bae47e58107815068d9a595_1_q#1", "question": "Was he a good dancer?", "rewrite": "Was Bob Hope a good dancer?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["USNS Bob Hope USNS \"Bob Hope\" (T-AKR-300), the lead ship of its class of vehicle cargo ships for Army vehicle prepositioning, is a naval ship of the United States named after Bob Hope, the entertainer. Very few ships of the United States Navy have been named after a person who was alive at the time of the christening. The contract to build her was awarded to Avondale Industries on 2 September 1993 and her keel was laid down on 29 May 1995. She was launched on 27 March 1997, and delivered on 18 November 1998. A non-combatant roll-on/roll-off (RORO) vessel crewed by U.S. civilian mariners under the Navy's Military Sealift Command, \"Bob Hope\" and other ships of the class are used to preposition tanks, trucks and other wheeled vehicles and supplies needed to support an army heavy brigade. \"Bob Hope\" has already seen service delivering supplies and equipment to the Balkans and Iraq. The ship has two 110-ton Hagglunds deck crane pedestals mounted with twin cranes.", "Desert Classic The Desert Classic (known as The American Express for commercial reasons, formerly the CareerBuilder Challenge, Palm Springs Golf Classic, the Bob Hope Desert Classic, the Bob Hope Chrysler Classic, and the Humana Challenge) , is a professional golf tournament in southern California on the PGA Tour. Played in mid-winter in the Coachella Valley (greater Palm Springs), it is part of the tour's early season \"West Coast Swing. \" Known for its celebrity pro-am, it previously had five rounds of competition (90 holes) rather than the standard of four rounds. For many years, the event was named for and hosted by entertainer Bob Hope and featured a number of celebrity participants. In 2012, the Desert Classic changed to a traditional 72-hole format over three different courses with a 54-hole cut, similar to the AT&T Pebble Beach Pro-Am. \" The Hope\" is organized by the nonprofit Desert Classic Charities. Founded in 1960 as the Palm Springs Golf Classic, the tournament evolved from the Thunderbird Invitational that was held in Palm Springs the previous six years, from 1954 to 1959, but with a much smaller purse. The event was renamed the Bob Hope Desert Classic in 1965 and the Bob Hope Chrysler Classic in 1986. Until 2012, its format remained unique among PGA Tour events, being played over five days and four different courses. In its first three years, the tournament was played at Thunderbird Country Club and Tamarisk Country Club, both in Rancho Mirage; Bermuda Dunes Country Club in Bermuda Dunes; and Indian Wells Country Club in Indian Wells. Bermuda Dunes has been used every year of the event and Indian Wells every year until 2006, but the roster of courses from which the event has chosen the other two courses to be played has evolved over the years. In 1963 Eldorado Country Club, also in Indian Wells, replaced Thunderbird Country Club.", "Competition oriented stepdancing can be danced with a soft or a hard shoe, depending on the type of dance. Sean-n\u00f3s dancing is done with any available street shoe that is to the liking of the individual dancer. The sound of a sean-n\u00f3s dancer's footwork has a rhythmic quality. Many dancers prefer a shoe that is capable of percussive sound. Traditional sean-n\u00f3s dance surfaces include a standard wooden dance floor, a door that has been taken off the hinges, a table, a barrel, or even the top of a stool. In those cases, the skill of the dancer is shown by how well s/he can produce the various steps within the narrow bounds of the dance surface. \"The good dancer danced, as it were underneath himself, trapping each note of music on the floor, and the use of the half-door and table for solo performances indicates the limited area in which he was expected to perform.\" \u2013 Folk Music & Dances of Ireland, Brendan Breathnach \"They used to say, 'A good dancer could dance on a silver tray, and a really excellent dancer could dance on a sixpence.' Now, any modern Irish dancer would fill the whole stage. \" But, why compare the two? After all, says Patrick O'Dea, they are two entirely different dances \u2013 one, a traditional \"old style\" of step dancing, and the second, a newer and less traditional outgrowth or variation.\" The roots of this form of dancing pre-date modern records. Differences in style exist in different regions of Ireland. Prior to modern communication every region had its own style which was influenced over time. Notable events in Irish history can be seen through the dance, like the steps of Ulster influenced by Scottish dancing and the low steps of the west coast influenced by the Spanish flamenco. So there is no singular definitive standard.", "World War II-era stateside radio audiences, as well as the troops, appreciated Hope's soldier-directed monologues, which provided home audiences with a special affinity with the soldiers' lives and their contributions to the country. Gerd Horten, author of the book \" Radio Goes to War\", documents in this book, about seven \"Pepsodent\" episodes aired between 1941 and 1943 broadcast from different military bases across the nation. After the war, \"The Pepsodent Show\" steadily began to decline in the ratings. By 1948, ratings were so low that Pepsodent pulled sponsorship and on Tuesday June 8, 1948, the last broadcast of \"The Pepsodent Show\" aired over NBC. Despite cancellation, Hope still continued on radio. Lever Brothers' Swan soap began sponsoring The Bob Hope Show. \" The Bob Hope Show\" premiered on September 14, 1948 on NBC. By this point, most of the regulars from \"The Pepsodent Show\" left to further pursue their careers. Doris Day, who was the vocalist for \"The Pepsodent Show\" after Gloria Jean's departure, was the only one of Hope's \"Pepsodent\" co-stars who continued to perform on \"The Bob Hope Show\". Hy Averback was the announcer. Airing Tuesdays at 9, the program was at direct competition with the new sitcom \"Life with Luigi\", which aired at the same time on CBS. \"Life with Luigi\" proved to be the season's new hit, crushing \"The Bob Hope Show\" in the ratings. Like Pepsodent before, due to the poor ratings, Swan pulled its sponsorship of \"The Bob Hope Show\" in 1950. The last Swan-sponsored episode of the program aired on June 13. The next fall on October 3, \"The Bob Hope Show\" premiered under the sponsorship of Chesterfield cigarettes.", "None of these came to fruition for one reason or another. However, in 1979, the owner of the theatre wanted to sell the land and so would not renew the lease and without funds to find another base, members were widely resigned to the closure of both the building and the company. By chance, Bob Hope, who was born in Craigton Road, Eltham, was in the UK to promote the Bob Hope British Classic Golf Tournament when he heard about the plight of the theatre. Hope resolved to do what he could to help, and raised \u00a358,000 through the 1980 and 1981 golf tournaments. Hope was assisted by celebrity friends in fund-raising for the theatre. While negotiations for the purchase of the building continued, Dickie Henderson (vice-chairman of the Bob Hope British Golf Classic) gave a benefit performance of his one-man show at the theatre to raise funds towards refurbishment. This was a tremendous evening of entertainment, enhanced by the presence in the audience of several star personalities, including Max Wall. In November 1982, the purchase of the freehold was completed and Eltham Little Theatre was renamed The Bob Hope Theatre. In September 1982, Hope became co-honorary president of Eltham Little Theatre Company along with former President of the United States Gerald Ford, who was heavily involved with the Bob Hope Classic Golf Tournament. In August 1991, Hope donated \u00a328,000 from the benefit performance he staged at the London Palladium to raise money directly for the theatre."], "answer": {"text": "Encouraged after they performed in a three-day engagement at a club, Hope formed a partnership with Lloyd Durbin,", "answer_start": 103}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Bob Hope get his start in show business?", "answer": {"text": "Deciding on a show business career, Hope and his girlfriend at the time signed up for dancing lessons.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_0bad104c7bae47e58107815068d9a595_1_q#2", "question": "What other types of appearances did he have early on?", "rewrite": "Besides the three-day club engagement with Lloyd Durbin, what other types of appearances did Bob Hope have early on?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Desert Classic The Desert Classic (known as The American Express for commercial reasons, formerly the CareerBuilder Challenge, Palm Springs Golf Classic, the Bob Hope Desert Classic, the Bob Hope Chrysler Classic, and the Humana Challenge) , is a professional golf tournament in southern California on the PGA Tour. Played in mid-winter in the Coachella Valley (greater Palm Springs), it is part of the tour's early season \"West Coast Swing. \" Known for its celebrity pro-am, it previously had five rounds of competition (90 holes) rather than the standard of four rounds. For many years, the event was named for and hosted by entertainer Bob Hope and featured a number of celebrity participants. In 2012, the Desert Classic changed to a traditional 72-hole format over three different courses with a 54-hole cut, similar to the AT&T Pebble Beach Pro-Am. \" The Hope\" is organized by the nonprofit Desert Classic Charities. Founded in 1960 as the Palm Springs Golf Classic, the tournament evolved from the Thunderbird Invitational that was held in Palm Springs the previous six years, from 1954 to 1959, but with a much smaller purse. The event was renamed the Bob Hope Desert Classic in 1965 and the Bob Hope Chrysler Classic in 1986. Until 2012, its format remained unique among PGA Tour events, being played over five days and four different courses. In its first three years, the tournament was played at Thunderbird Country Club and Tamarisk Country Club, both in Rancho Mirage; Bermuda Dunes Country Club in Bermuda Dunes; and Indian Wells Country Club in Indian Wells. Bermuda Dunes has been used every year of the event and Indian Wells every year until 2006, but the roster of courses from which the event has chosen the other two courses to be played has evolved over the years. In 1963 Eldorado Country Club, also in Indian Wells, replaced Thunderbird Country Club.", "Deciding on a show business career, Hope and his girlfriend at the time signed up for dancing lessons. Encouraged after they performed in a three-day engagement at a club, Hope formed a partnership with Lloyd Durbin, a friend from the dancing school. Silent film comedian Fatty Arbuckle saw them perform in 1925 and found them work with a touring troupe called Hurley's Jolly Follies. Within a year, Hope had formed an act called the Dancemedians with George Byrne and the Hilton Sisters, conjoined twins who performed a tap dancing routine in the vaudeville circuit. Hope and Byrne had an act as Siamese twins as well, and danced and sang while wearing blackface until friends advised Hope he was funnier as himself. In 1929, Hope informally changed his first name to \"Bob.\" In one version of the story, he named himself after race car driver Bob Burman. In another, he said he chose the name because he wanted a name with a \"friendly 'Hiya, fellas!' sound\" to it. In a 1942 legal document, his legal name is given as Lester Townes Hope; it is unknown if this reflects a legal name change from Leslie. After five years on the vaudeville circuit, Hope was \"surprised and humbled\" when he failed a 1930 screen test for the French film production company Pathe at Culver City, California. Hope's short-lived first marriage was to vaudeville partner Grace Louise Troxell, a secretary from Chicago, Illinois, who was the daughter of Edward and Mary (McGinnes) Troxell. They were married on January 25, 1933, in Erie, Pennsylvania, with Alderman Eugene Alberstadt officiating. They divorced in November 1934. The couple had shared headliner status with Joe Howard at the Palace Theatre in April 1931, performing \"Keep Smiling\" and the \"Antics of 1931.\"", "Mike Durbin Michael William Durbin (born May 3, 1941 in Hollywood, California) is a former American professional bowler and member of the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) Hall of Fame. Durbin became a member of the PBA in 1966. While living in Costa Mesa, California as a rookie in 1967, Durbin won two tournaments and was named PBA Rookie of the Year by \"Sporting News\". He would go on to win 14 PBA Tour titles, including a record three PBA Tournament of Champions titles in 1972, 1982, and 1984 (since matched by Jason Couch in 1999, 2000 and 2002 and Jason Belmonte in 2014, 2015 and 2019). Durbin also finished runner-up at the 1977 Tournament of Champions. He earned over $800,000 in his PBA career. Durbin was inducted into the PBA Hall of Fame in 1984. During the 1983-84 season, Durbin served as the president of the PBA. From the early 1980s to 1995, Durbin worked as a color analyst for ESPN alongside play-by-play man Dennis Schreiner. The two called tournaments in the summer and fall, along with senior tour events, while ABC Sports would cover the winter-spring events on the Pro Bowlers Tour, occasionally with Durbin alongside Chris Schenkel. Durbin would occasionally call the ESPN action himself with another analyst, such as Earl Anthony, if Schreiner was out on assignment. Durbin also worked as a commentator for USA Network's occasional bowling telecasts in the 1980s. In 1996, Marshall Holman became the new color analyst for ESPN's coverage, while Durbin took over play-by-play duties. Durbin retired from broadcasting in 1997. Durbin co-authored with Dan Herbst a self-help bowling book called \"From Gutterballs to Strikes\" published in 1998.", "Deciding on a show business career, Hope and his girlfriend at the time signed up for dancing lessons. Encouraged after they performed in a three-day engagement at a club, Hope formed a partnership with Lloyd Durbin, a friend from the dancing school. Silent film comedian Fatty Arbuckle saw them perform in 1925 and found them work with a touring troupe called Hurley's Jolly Follies. Within a year, Hope had formed an act called the Dancemedians with George Byrne and the Hilton Sisters, conjoined twins who performed a tap dancing routine in the vaudeville circuit. Hope and Byrne had an act as Siamese twins as well, and danced and sang while wearing blackface until friends advised Hope he was funnier as himself. In 1929, Hope informally changed his first name to \"Bob.\" In one version of the story, he named himself after race car driver Bob Burman. In another, he said he chose the name because he wanted a name with a \"friendly 'Hiya, fellas!' sound\" to it. In a 1942 legal document, his legal name is given as Lester Townes Hope; it is unknown if this reflects a legal name change from Leslie. After five years on the vaudeville circuit, Hope was \"surprised and humbled\" when he failed a 1930 screen test for the French film production company Pathe at Culver City, California.", "World War II-era stateside radio audiences, as well as the troops, appreciated Hope's soldier-directed monologues, which provided home audiences with a special affinity with the soldiers' lives and their contributions to the country. Gerd Horten, author of the book \" Radio Goes to War\", documents in this book, about seven \"Pepsodent\" episodes aired between 1941 and 1943 broadcast from different military bases across the nation. After the war, \"The Pepsodent Show\" steadily began to decline in the ratings. By 1948, ratings were so low that Pepsodent pulled sponsorship and on Tuesday June 8, 1948, the last broadcast of \"The Pepsodent Show\" aired over NBC. Despite cancellation, Hope still continued on radio. Lever Brothers' Swan soap began sponsoring The Bob Hope Show. \" The Bob Hope Show\" premiered on September 14, 1948 on NBC. By this point, most of the regulars from \"The Pepsodent Show\" left to further pursue their careers. Doris Day, who was the vocalist for \"The Pepsodent Show\" after Gloria Jean's departure, was the only one of Hope's \"Pepsodent\" co-stars who continued to perform on \"The Bob Hope Show\". Hy Averback was the announcer. Airing Tuesdays at 9, the program was at direct competition with the new sitcom \"Life with Luigi\", which aired at the same time on CBS. \"Life with Luigi\" proved to be the season's new hit, crushing \"The Bob Hope Show\" in the ratings. Like Pepsodent before, due to the poor ratings, Swan pulled its sponsorship of \"The Bob Hope Show\" in 1950. The last Swan-sponsored episode of the program aired on June 13. The next fall on October 3, \"The Bob Hope Show\" premiered under the sponsorship of Chesterfield cigarettes."], "answer": {"text": "Fatty Arbuckle saw them perform in 1925 and found them work with a touring troupe called Hurley's Jolly Follies.", "answer_start": 272}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Bob Hope get his start in show business?", "answer": {"text": "Deciding on a show business career, Hope and his girlfriend at the time signed up for dancing lessons.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was he a good dancer?", "answer": {"text": "Encouraged after they performed in a three-day engagement at a club, Hope formed a partnership with Lloyd Durbin,", "answer_start": 103, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_0bad104c7bae47e58107815068d9a595_0_q#0", "question": "who was Bob Hope's first wife?", "rewrite": "who was Bob Hope's first wife?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Fox California Theater Fox California Theater, renamed the Bob Hope Theatre in 2004, is a commercial building in Stockton, California built in 1930. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The site originally hosted T&D Photoplay, the first theater in Stockton. Fox West Coast Theaters leased T&D Photoplay and renamed it The California in 1921. The building was demolished in 1929 and a new theater was built. The theater has a two-story rotunda with a circular mezzanine, a theater with mezzanine seating and a capacity for 2500 people, a stage that is high, and a lower level with choir rooms, band rooms, offices, and dressing rooms. The theater opened on October 14, 1930, showing Spencer Tracy in \"Up the River\". Approximately 20,000 people attended the opening celebration. The Fox Theater closed in 1973, although a few events used the building after that date. In 1979, Madeleine Lawton and Edward C. Merlo purchased the building, and nominated it to the National Register of Historic Places. The building was donated to the city in 2000. Restoration of the Fox California Theater was partially funded by Alex G. Spanos who requested that it be renamed the Bob Hope Theatre in honor of his close friend Bob Hope. Additional funds were provided by grants from the United States Congress and from the state's California Bob Hope Heritage Fund. Renovations included a new sound system and a Italian marble floor mosaic. The original chandelier and tile in the exterior lobby were preserved. As part of the renovation, a 1928 Robert Morton theater organ which had been used to accompany silent movies in Seattle's Fox Theater was restored by Friends of the Fox, a volunteer organization for preserving the theater, and the Sierra Chapter of the American Theatre Organ Society. The refurbished organ made its concert debut in the Bob Hope Theatre in 2005 and is played during classic movie showings.", "Desert Classic The Desert Classic (known as The American Express for commercial reasons, formerly the CareerBuilder Challenge, Palm Springs Golf Classic, the Bob Hope Desert Classic, the Bob Hope Chrysler Classic, and the Humana Challenge) , is a professional golf tournament in southern California on the PGA Tour. Played in mid-winter in the Coachella Valley (greater Palm Springs), it is part of the tour's early season \"West Coast Swing. \" Known for its celebrity pro-am, it previously had five rounds of competition (90 holes) rather than the standard of four rounds. For many years, the event was named for and hosted by entertainer Bob Hope and featured a number of celebrity participants. In 2012, the Desert Classic changed to a traditional 72-hole format over three different courses with a 54-hole cut, similar to the AT&T Pebble Beach Pro-Am. \" The Hope\" is organized by the nonprofit Desert Classic Charities. Founded in 1960 as the Palm Springs Golf Classic, the tournament evolved from the Thunderbird Invitational that was held in Palm Springs the previous six years, from 1954 to 1959, but with a much smaller purse. The event was renamed the Bob Hope Desert Classic in 1965 and the Bob Hope Chrysler Classic in 1986. Until 2012, its format remained unique among PGA Tour events, being played over five days and four different courses. In its first three years, the tournament was played at Thunderbird Country Club and Tamarisk Country Club, both in Rancho Mirage; Bermuda Dunes Country Club in Bermuda Dunes; and Indian Wells Country Club in Indian Wells. Bermuda Dunes has been used every year of the event and Indian Wells every year until 2006, but the roster of courses from which the event has chosen the other two courses to be played has evolved over the years. In 1963 Eldorado Country Club, also in Indian Wells, replaced Thunderbird Country Club.", "USNS Bob Hope USNS \"Bob Hope\" (T-AKR-300), the lead ship of its class of vehicle cargo ships for Army vehicle prepositioning, is a naval ship of the United States named after Bob Hope, the entertainer. Very few ships of the United States Navy have been named after a person who was alive at the time of the christening. The contract to build her was awarded to Avondale Industries on 2 September 1993 and her keel was laid down on 29 May 1995. She was launched on 27 March 1997, and delivered on 18 November 1998. A non-combatant roll-on/roll-off (RORO) vessel crewed by U.S. civilian mariners under the Navy's Military Sealift Command, \"Bob Hope\" and other ships of the class are used to preposition tanks, trucks and other wheeled vehicles and supplies needed to support an army heavy brigade. \"Bob Hope\" has already seen service delivering supplies and equipment to the Balkans and Iraq. The ship has two 110-ton Hagglunds deck crane pedestals mounted with twin cranes.", "World War II-era stateside radio audiences, as well as the troops, appreciated Hope's soldier-directed monologues, which provided home audiences with a special affinity with the soldiers' lives and their contributions to the country. Gerd Horten, author of the book \" Radio Goes to War\", documents in this book, about seven \"Pepsodent\" episodes aired between 1941 and 1943 broadcast from different military bases across the nation. After the war, \"The Pepsodent Show\" steadily began to decline in the ratings. By 1948, ratings were so low that Pepsodent pulled sponsorship and on Tuesday June 8, 1948, the last broadcast of \"The Pepsodent Show\" aired over NBC. Despite cancellation, Hope still continued on radio. Lever Brothers' Swan soap began sponsoring The Bob Hope Show. \" The Bob Hope Show\" premiered on September 14, 1948 on NBC. By this point, most of the regulars from \"The Pepsodent Show\" left to further pursue their careers. Doris Day, who was the vocalist for \"The Pepsodent Show\" after Gloria Jean's departure, was the only one of Hope's \"Pepsodent\" co-stars who continued to perform on \"The Bob Hope Show\". Hy Averback was the announcer. Airing Tuesdays at 9, the program was at direct competition with the new sitcom \"Life with Luigi\", which aired at the same time on CBS. \"Life with Luigi\" proved to be the season's new hit, crushing \"The Bob Hope Show\" in the ratings. Like Pepsodent before, due to the poor ratings, Swan pulled its sponsorship of \"The Bob Hope Show\" in 1950. The last Swan-sponsored episode of the program aired on June 13. The next fall on October 3, \"The Bob Hope Show\" premiered under the sponsorship of Chesterfield cigarettes.", "None of these came to fruition for one reason or another. However, in 1979, the owner of the theatre wanted to sell the land and so would not renew the lease and without funds to find another base, members were widely resigned to the closure of both the building and the company. By chance, Bob Hope, who was born in Craigton Road, Eltham, was in the UK to promote the Bob Hope British Classic Golf Tournament when he heard about the plight of the theatre. Hope resolved to do what he could to help, and raised \u00a358,000 through the 1980 and 1981 golf tournaments. Hope was assisted by celebrity friends in fund-raising for the theatre. While negotiations for the purchase of the building continued, Dickie Henderson (vice-chairman of the Bob Hope British Golf Classic) gave a benefit performance of his one-man show at the theatre to raise funds towards refurbishment. This was a tremendous evening of entertainment, enhanced by the presence in the audience of several star personalities, including Max Wall. In November 1982, the purchase of the freehold was completed and Eltham Little Theatre was renamed The Bob Hope Theatre. In September 1982, Hope became co-honorary president of Eltham Little Theatre Company along with former President of the United States Gerald Ford, who was heavily involved with the Bob Hope Classic Golf Tournament. In August 1991, Hope donated \u00a328,000 from the benefit performance he staged at the London Palladium to raise money directly for the theatre."], "answer": {"text": "vaudeville partner Grace Louise Troxell,", "answer_start": 41}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_0bad104c7bae47e58107815068d9a595_0_q#1", "question": "what did Grace do?", "rewrite": "what did Bob Hope's first wife Grace Louise Troxell do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The couple was working together at the RKO Albee, performing the \"Antics of 1933\" along with Ann Gillens and Johnny Peters in June of that year. The following month, singer Dolores Reade joined Hope's vaudeville troupe and was performing with him at Loew's Metropolitan Theater. She was described as a \"former Zeigfeld beauty and one of society's favorite nightclub entertainers, having appeared at many private social functions at New York, Palm Beach, and Southampton.\" Their long marriage was fraught with ambiguities. As Richard Zoglin wrote in his 2014 biography Hope: Entertainer of the Century, \"Bob and Dolores always claimed that they married in February 1934 in Erie, Pennsylvania. But at that time he was secretly married to his vaudeville partner Louise Troxell, after three years together on and off. I found divorce papers for Bob and Louise dated November 1934, so either Bob Hope was a bigamist or he lied about marrying Dolores in February that year. He'd actually married Louise in January 1933 in Erie when they were traveling on the vaudeville circuit. When he claimed he had married Dolores in Erie he was miles away in New York, on Broadway. More intriguing, there is no record anywhere of his marriage to Dolores, if it happened. And there are no wedding photos, either. But he never forgot Louise and quietly sent her money in her later years.\" It is interesting to note that \"New York City, Marriage License Indexes, 1907-1995\" at Ancestry.com, includes a 1993 marriage license for Dolores Mary Defina and Lester Townes Hope in Manhattan. Dolores (DeFina) Reade had been one of Hope's co-stars on Broadway in Roberta.", "Deciding on a show business career, Hope and his girlfriend at the time signed up for dancing lessons. Encouraged after they performed in a three-day engagement at a club, Hope formed a partnership with Lloyd Durbin, a friend from the dancing school. Silent film comedian Fatty Arbuckle saw them perform in 1925 and found them work with a touring troupe called Hurley's Jolly Follies. Within a year, Hope had formed an act called the Dancemedians with George Byrne and the Hilton Sisters, conjoined twins who performed a tap dancing routine in the vaudeville circuit. Hope and Byrne had an act as Siamese twins as well, and danced and sang while wearing blackface until friends advised Hope he was funnier as himself. In 1929, Hope informally changed his first name to \"Bob.\" In one version of the story, he named himself after race car driver Bob Burman. In another, he said he chose the name because he wanted a name with a \"friendly 'Hiya, fellas!' sound\" to it. In a 1942 legal document, his legal name is given as Lester Townes Hope; it is unknown if this reflects a legal name change from Leslie. After five years on the vaudeville circuit, Hope was \"surprised and humbled\" when he failed a 1930 screen test for the French film production company Pathe at Culver City, California. Hope's short-lived first marriage was to vaudeville partner Grace Louise Troxell, a secretary from Chicago, Illinois, who was the daughter of Edward and Mary (McGinnes) Troxell. They were married on January 25, 1933, in Erie, Pennsylvania, with Alderman Eugene Alberstadt officiating. They divorced in November 1934. The couple had shared headliner status with Joe Howard at the Palace Theatre in April 1931, performing \"Keep Smiling\" and the \"Antics of 1931.\"", "First, she defeated in the GOP primary an African-American candidate, Andrew Bearden, who was allied with the controversial newspaper editor, Joseph H. Weston of Cave City in Sharp County in northern Arkansas, whose work had led to a landmark change in state libel law. As the Republican nominee, Troxell pledged to bring \"decorum\" to the Arkansas State Senate, over which the lieutenant governor presides. However, she was handily defeated by the Democratic former Attorney General Joe Purcell (1923\u20131987) of Benton in Saline County. In a heavily Democratic year, Troxell received only 121,302 votes (23 percent) to Purcell's 406,040 (77 percent). She carried no counties in what turned out to have been her last venture on a ballot. Coon was defeated by David Pryor, but he ran some 65,000 votes ahead of ticket-mate Troxell. Purcell served as lieutenant governor until 1981. In 1981, Mrs. Troxell questioned the appointment of former Governor Orval Faubus, a Democrat, as director of the scandal-plagued Arkansas Veterans's Affairs Department. The selection was made by Governor Frank D. White, only the second Republican governor of Arkansas since Reconstruction. \" ... Obviously, I do not want to go back to the kind of regime we had when he was governor ... Believe me, that was machine politics at its worst,\" Mrs. Troxell said of the Faubus era (1955\u20131967). Among those defending the selection were former gubernatorial candidate Len E. Blaylock of Perry County, U.S. Representative John Paul Hammerschmidt of Harrison, and former State Representative Danny L. Patrick. These Republicans argued that Faubus was ideally suited for the particular position. Troxell also questioned Governor White over the proposed Equal Rights Amendment.", "Leona Troxell Leona Anderson Troxell Dodd, known politically as Leona Troxell (April 22, 1913 \u2013 July 26, 2003), was a New York-born politician who became a pioneer in the development of the Republican Party in her adopted state of Arkansas. She was president of the National Federation of Republican Women from 1963 to 1967, during which time she became involved in the gubernatorial campaigns of Winthrop Rockefeller, originally from New York City. She was also a former Republican national committeewoman from Arkansas. For a time, she was director of the Arkansas Employment Security Division in the Rockefeller administration. Leona Troxell was born to Frank and Clara Anderson in Johnstown, New York. She was the dean of women at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa, before she married Nolan Troxell (1904\u20131971) and moved to rural Rose Bud in White County north of the state capital of Little Rock, Arkansas. In 1968, when Rockefeller was re-elected to his second term as governor of Arkansas, Mrs. Troxell was the unsuccessful candidate for state treasurer. She was defeated by the Democratic incumbent Nancy J. Hall (1904\u20131991). Troxell polled 218,804 votes (37.4 percent) to Hall's 365,540 (62.6 percent). Troxell won five of the seventy-five Arkansas counties: Searcy, Baxter, Benton, Carroll, and Washington counties, but she did not prevail in her own White County. Hall, the wife of the late Secretary of State C.G. \"Crip\" Hall, was first elected treasurer in 1962 and served until 1981. Mrs. Hall was also the first woman ever elected to statewide constitutional office in Arkansas. In 1974, Troxell ran for lieutenant governor on the Republican gubernatorial ticket headed by the more conservative Ken Coon.", "Hope's short-lived first marriage was to vaudeville partner Grace Louise Troxell, a secretary from Chicago, Illinois, who was the daughter of Edward and Mary (McGinnes) Troxell. They were married on January 25, 1933, in Erie, Pennsylvania, with Alderman Eugene Alberstadt officiating. They divorced in November 1934. The couple had shared headliner status with Joe Howard at the Palace Theatre in April 1931, performing \"Keep Smiling\" and the \"Antics of 1931.\" The couple was working together at the RKO Albee, performing the \"Antics of 1933\" along with Ann Gillens and Johnny Peters in June of that year. The following month, singer Dolores Reade joined Hope's vaudeville troupe and was performing with him at Loew's Metropolitan Theater. She was described as a \"former Zeigfeld beauty and one of society's favorite nightclub entertainers, having appeared at many private social functions at New York, Palm Beach, and Southampton.\" Their long marriage was fraught with ambiguities. As Richard Zoglin wrote in his 2014 biography Hope: Entertainer of the Century, \"Bob and Dolores always claimed that they married in February 1934 in Erie, Pennsylvania. But at that time he was secretly married to his vaudeville partner Louise Troxell, after three years together on and off. I found divorce papers for Bob and Louise dated November 1934, so either Bob Hope was a bigamist or he lied about marrying Dolores in February that year. He'd actually married Louise in January 1933 in Erie when they were traveling on the vaudeville circuit. When he claimed he had married Dolores in Erie he was miles away in New York, on Broadway. More intriguing, there is no record anywhere of his marriage to Dolores, if it happened. And there are no wedding photos, either."], "answer": {"text": "a secretary from Chicago, Illinois, who was the daughter of Edward and Mary (McGinnes) Troxell.", "answer_start": 82}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "who was Bob Hope's first wife?", "answer": {"text": "vaudeville partner Grace Louise Troxell,", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0bad104c7bae47e58107815068d9a595_0_q#3", "question": "when did they get married?", "rewrite": "when did Bob Hope and Grace Louise Troxell get married?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Deciding on a show business career, Hope and his girlfriend at the time signed up for dancing lessons. Encouraged after they performed in a three-day engagement at a club, Hope formed a partnership with Lloyd Durbin, a friend from the dancing school. Silent film comedian Fatty Arbuckle saw them perform in 1925 and found them work with a touring troupe called Hurley's Jolly Follies. Within a year, Hope had formed an act called the Dancemedians with George Byrne and the Hilton Sisters, conjoined twins who performed a tap dancing routine in the vaudeville circuit. Hope and Byrne had an act as Siamese twins as well, and danced and sang while wearing blackface until friends advised Hope he was funnier as himself. In 1929, Hope informally changed his first name to \"Bob.\" In one version of the story, he named himself after race car driver Bob Burman. In another, he said he chose the name because he wanted a name with a \"friendly 'Hiya, fellas!' sound\" to it. In a 1942 legal document, his legal name is given as Lester Townes Hope; it is unknown if this reflects a legal name change from Leslie. After five years on the vaudeville circuit, Hope was \"surprised and humbled\" when he failed a 1930 screen test for the French film production company Pathe at Culver City, California. Hope's short-lived first marriage was to vaudeville partner Grace Louise Troxell, a secretary from Chicago, Illinois, who was the daughter of Edward and Mary (McGinnes) Troxell. They were married on January 25, 1933, in Erie, Pennsylvania, with Alderman Eugene Alberstadt officiating. They divorced in November 1934. The couple had shared headliner status with Joe Howard at the Palace Theatre in April 1931, performing \"Keep Smiling\" and the \"Antics of 1931.\"", "Hope's short-lived first marriage was to vaudeville partner Grace Louise Troxell, a secretary from Chicago, Illinois, who was the daughter of Edward and Mary (McGinnes) Troxell. They were married on January 25, 1933, in Erie, Pennsylvania, with Alderman Eugene Alberstadt officiating. They divorced in November 1934. The couple had shared headliner status with Joe Howard at the Palace Theatre in April 1931, performing \"Keep Smiling\" and the \"Antics of 1931.\" The couple was working together at the RKO Albee, performing the \"Antics of 1933\" along with Ann Gillens and Johnny Peters in June of that year. The following month, singer Dolores Reade joined Hope's vaudeville troupe and was performing with him at Loew's Metropolitan Theater. She was described as a \"former Zeigfeld beauty and one of society's favorite nightclub entertainers, having appeared at many private social functions at New York, Palm Beach, and Southampton.\" Their long marriage was fraught with ambiguities. As Richard Zoglin wrote in his 2014 biography Hope: Entertainer of the Century, \"Bob and Dolores always claimed that they married in February 1934 in Erie, Pennsylvania. But at that time he was secretly married to his vaudeville partner Louise Troxell, after three years together on and off. I found divorce papers for Bob and Louise dated November 1934, so either Bob Hope was a bigamist or he lied about marrying Dolores in February that year. He'd actually married Louise in January 1933 in Erie when they were traveling on the vaudeville circuit. When he claimed he had married Dolores in Erie he was miles away in New York, on Broadway. More intriguing, there is no record anywhere of his marriage to Dolores, if it happened. And there are no wedding photos, either.", "First, she defeated in the GOP primary an African-American candidate, Andrew Bearden, who was allied with the controversial newspaper editor, Joseph H. Weston of Cave City in Sharp County in northern Arkansas, whose work had led to a landmark change in state libel law. As the Republican nominee, Troxell pledged to bring \"decorum\" to the Arkansas State Senate, over which the lieutenant governor presides. However, she was handily defeated by the Democratic former Attorney General Joe Purcell (1923\u20131987) of Benton in Saline County. In a heavily Democratic year, Troxell received only 121,302 votes (23 percent) to Purcell's 406,040 (77 percent). She carried no counties in what turned out to have been her last venture on a ballot. Coon was defeated by David Pryor, but he ran some 65,000 votes ahead of ticket-mate Troxell. Purcell served as lieutenant governor until 1981. In 1981, Mrs. Troxell questioned the appointment of former Governor Orval Faubus, a Democrat, as director of the scandal-plagued Arkansas Veterans's Affairs Department. The selection was made by Governor Frank D. White, only the second Republican governor of Arkansas since Reconstruction. \" ... Obviously, I do not want to go back to the kind of regime we had when he was governor ... Believe me, that was machine politics at its worst,\" Mrs. Troxell said of the Faubus era (1955\u20131967). Among those defending the selection were former gubernatorial candidate Len E. Blaylock of Perry County, U.S. Representative John Paul Hammerschmidt of Harrison, and former State Representative Danny L. Patrick. These Republicans argued that Faubus was ideally suited for the particular position. Troxell also questioned Governor White over the proposed Equal Rights Amendment.", "Leona Troxell Leona Anderson Troxell Dodd, known politically as Leona Troxell (April 22, 1913 \u2013 July 26, 2003), was a New York-born politician who became a pioneer in the development of the Republican Party in her adopted state of Arkansas. She was president of the National Federation of Republican Women from 1963 to 1967, during which time she became involved in the gubernatorial campaigns of Winthrop Rockefeller, originally from New York City. She was also a former Republican national committeewoman from Arkansas. For a time, she was director of the Arkansas Employment Security Division in the Rockefeller administration. Leona Troxell was born to Frank and Clara Anderson in Johnstown, New York. She was the dean of women at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa, before she married Nolan Troxell (1904\u20131971) and moved to rural Rose Bud in White County north of the state capital of Little Rock, Arkansas. In 1968, when Rockefeller was re-elected to his second term as governor of Arkansas, Mrs. Troxell was the unsuccessful candidate for state treasurer. She was defeated by the Democratic incumbent Nancy J. Hall (1904\u20131991). Troxell polled 218,804 votes (37.4 percent) to Hall's 365,540 (62.6 percent). Troxell won five of the seventy-five Arkansas counties: Searcy, Baxter, Benton, Carroll, and Washington counties, but she did not prevail in her own White County. Hall, the wife of the late Secretary of State C.G. \"Crip\" Hall, was first elected treasurer in 1962 and served until 1981. Mrs. Hall was also the first woman ever elected to statewide constitutional office in Arkansas. In 1974, Troxell ran for lieutenant governor on the Republican gubernatorial ticket headed by the more conservative Ken Coon.", "The couple was working together at the RKO Albee, performing the \"Antics of 1933\" along with Ann Gillens and Johnny Peters in June of that year. The following month, singer Dolores Reade joined Hope's vaudeville troupe and was performing with him at Loew's Metropolitan Theater. She was described as a \"former Zeigfeld beauty and one of society's favorite nightclub entertainers, having appeared at many private social functions at New York, Palm Beach, and Southampton.\" Their long marriage was fraught with ambiguities. As Richard Zoglin wrote in his 2014 biography Hope: Entertainer of the Century, \"Bob and Dolores always claimed that they married in February 1934 in Erie, Pennsylvania. But at that time he was secretly married to his vaudeville partner Louise Troxell, after three years together on and off. I found divorce papers for Bob and Louise dated November 1934, so either Bob Hope was a bigamist or he lied about marrying Dolores in February that year. He'd actually married Louise in January 1933 in Erie when they were traveling on the vaudeville circuit. When he claimed he had married Dolores in Erie he was miles away in New York, on Broadway. More intriguing, there is no record anywhere of his marriage to Dolores, if it happened. And there are no wedding photos, either. But he never forgot Louise and quietly sent her money in her later years.\" It is interesting to note that \"New York City, Marriage License Indexes, 1907-1995\" at Ancestry.com, includes a 1993 marriage license for Dolores Mary Defina and Lester Townes Hope in Manhattan. Dolores (DeFina) Reade had been one of Hope's co-stars on Broadway in Roberta."], "answer": {"text": "They were married on January 25, 1933, in Erie, Pennsylvania,", "answer_start": 178}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "who was Bob Hope's first wife?", "answer": {"text": "vaudeville partner Grace Louise Troxell,", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did Grace do?", "answer": {"text": "a secretary from Chicago, Illinois, who was the daughter of Edward and Mary (McGinnes) Troxell.", "answer_start": 82, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have children?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0bad104c7bae47e58107815068d9a595_0_q#4", "question": "when did they divorce?", "rewrite": "when did Bob Hope and Grace Louise Troxell divorce?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hope's short-lived first marriage was to vaudeville partner Grace Louise Troxell, a secretary from Chicago, Illinois, who was the daughter of Edward and Mary (McGinnes) Troxell. They were married on January 25, 1933, in Erie, Pennsylvania, with Alderman Eugene Alberstadt officiating. They divorced in November 1934. The couple had shared headliner status with Joe Howard at the Palace Theatre in April 1931, performing \"Keep Smiling\" and the \"Antics of 1931.\" The couple was working together at the RKO Albee, performing the \"Antics of 1933\" along with Ann Gillens and Johnny Peters in June of that year. The following month, singer Dolores Reade joined Hope's vaudeville troupe and was performing with him at Loew's Metropolitan Theater. She was described as a \"former Zeigfeld beauty and one of society's favorite nightclub entertainers, having appeared at many private social functions at New York, Palm Beach, and Southampton.\" Their long marriage was fraught with ambiguities. As Richard Zoglin wrote in his 2014 biography Hope: Entertainer of the Century, \"Bob and Dolores always claimed that they married in February 1934 in Erie, Pennsylvania. But at that time he was secretly married to his vaudeville partner Louise Troxell, after three years together on and off. I found divorce papers for Bob and Louise dated November 1934, so either Bob Hope was a bigamist or he lied about marrying Dolores in February that year. He'd actually married Louise in January 1933 in Erie when they were traveling on the vaudeville circuit. When he claimed he had married Dolores in Erie he was miles away in New York, on Broadway. More intriguing, there is no record anywhere of his marriage to Dolores, if it happened. And there are no wedding photos, either.", "First, she defeated in the GOP primary an African-American candidate, Andrew Bearden, who was allied with the controversial newspaper editor, Joseph H. Weston of Cave City in Sharp County in northern Arkansas, whose work had led to a landmark change in state libel law. As the Republican nominee, Troxell pledged to bring \"decorum\" to the Arkansas State Senate, over which the lieutenant governor presides. However, she was handily defeated by the Democratic former Attorney General Joe Purcell (1923\u20131987) of Benton in Saline County. In a heavily Democratic year, Troxell received only 121,302 votes (23 percent) to Purcell's 406,040 (77 percent). She carried no counties in what turned out to have been her last venture on a ballot. Coon was defeated by David Pryor, but he ran some 65,000 votes ahead of ticket-mate Troxell. Purcell served as lieutenant governor until 1981. In 1981, Mrs. Troxell questioned the appointment of former Governor Orval Faubus, a Democrat, as director of the scandal-plagued Arkansas Veterans's Affairs Department. The selection was made by Governor Frank D. White, only the second Republican governor of Arkansas since Reconstruction. \" ... Obviously, I do not want to go back to the kind of regime we had when he was governor ... Believe me, that was machine politics at its worst,\" Mrs. Troxell said of the Faubus era (1955\u20131967). Among those defending the selection were former gubernatorial candidate Len E. Blaylock of Perry County, U.S. Representative John Paul Hammerschmidt of Harrison, and former State Representative Danny L. Patrick. These Republicans argued that Faubus was ideally suited for the particular position. Troxell also questioned Governor White over the proposed Equal Rights Amendment.", "The couple was working together at the RKO Albee, performing the \"Antics of 1933\" along with Ann Gillens and Johnny Peters in June of that year. The following month, singer Dolores Reade joined Hope's vaudeville troupe and was performing with him at Loew's Metropolitan Theater. She was described as a \"former Zeigfeld beauty and one of society's favorite nightclub entertainers, having appeared at many private social functions at New York, Palm Beach, and Southampton.\" Their long marriage was fraught with ambiguities. As Richard Zoglin wrote in his 2014 biography Hope: Entertainer of the Century, \"Bob and Dolores always claimed that they married in February 1934 in Erie, Pennsylvania. But at that time he was secretly married to his vaudeville partner Louise Troxell, after three years together on and off. I found divorce papers for Bob and Louise dated November 1934, so either Bob Hope was a bigamist or he lied about marrying Dolores in February that year. He'd actually married Louise in January 1933 in Erie when they were traveling on the vaudeville circuit. When he claimed he had married Dolores in Erie he was miles away in New York, on Broadway. More intriguing, there is no record anywhere of his marriage to Dolores, if it happened. And there are no wedding photos, either. But he never forgot Louise and quietly sent her money in her later years.\" It is interesting to note that \"New York City, Marriage License Indexes, 1907-1995\" at Ancestry.com, includes a 1993 marriage license for Dolores Mary Defina and Lester Townes Hope in Manhattan. Dolores (DeFina) Reade had been one of Hope's co-stars on Broadway in Roberta.", "Leona Troxell Leona Anderson Troxell Dodd, known politically as Leona Troxell (April 22, 1913 \u2013 July 26, 2003), was a New York-born politician who became a pioneer in the development of the Republican Party in her adopted state of Arkansas. She was president of the National Federation of Republican Women from 1963 to 1967, during which time she became involved in the gubernatorial campaigns of Winthrop Rockefeller, originally from New York City. She was also a former Republican national committeewoman from Arkansas. For a time, she was director of the Arkansas Employment Security Division in the Rockefeller administration. Leona Troxell was born to Frank and Clara Anderson in Johnstown, New York. She was the dean of women at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa, before she married Nolan Troxell (1904\u20131971) and moved to rural Rose Bud in White County north of the state capital of Little Rock, Arkansas. In 1968, when Rockefeller was re-elected to his second term as governor of Arkansas, Mrs. Troxell was the unsuccessful candidate for state treasurer. She was defeated by the Democratic incumbent Nancy J. Hall (1904\u20131991). Troxell polled 218,804 votes (37.4 percent) to Hall's 365,540 (62.6 percent). Troxell won five of the seventy-five Arkansas counties: Searcy, Baxter, Benton, Carroll, and Washington counties, but she did not prevail in her own White County. Hall, the wife of the late Secretary of State C.G. \"Crip\" Hall, was first elected treasurer in 1962 and served until 1981. Mrs. Hall was also the first woman ever elected to statewide constitutional office in Arkansas. In 1974, Troxell ran for lieutenant governor on the Republican gubernatorial ticket headed by the more conservative Ken Coon.", "Deciding on a show business career, Hope and his girlfriend at the time signed up for dancing lessons. Encouraged after they performed in a three-day engagement at a club, Hope formed a partnership with Lloyd Durbin, a friend from the dancing school. Silent film comedian Fatty Arbuckle saw them perform in 1925 and found them work with a touring troupe called Hurley's Jolly Follies. Within a year, Hope had formed an act called the Dancemedians with George Byrne and the Hilton Sisters, conjoined twins who performed a tap dancing routine in the vaudeville circuit. Hope and Byrne had an act as Siamese twins as well, and danced and sang while wearing blackface until friends advised Hope he was funnier as himself. In 1929, Hope informally changed his first name to \"Bob.\" In one version of the story, he named himself after race car driver Bob Burman. In another, he said he chose the name because he wanted a name with a \"friendly 'Hiya, fellas!' sound\" to it. In a 1942 legal document, his legal name is given as Lester Townes Hope; it is unknown if this reflects a legal name change from Leslie. After five years on the vaudeville circuit, Hope was \"surprised and humbled\" when he failed a 1930 screen test for the French film production company Pathe at Culver City, California. Hope's short-lived first marriage was to vaudeville partner Grace Louise Troxell, a secretary from Chicago, Illinois, who was the daughter of Edward and Mary (McGinnes) Troxell. They were married on January 25, 1933, in Erie, Pennsylvania, with Alderman Eugene Alberstadt officiating. They divorced in November 1934. The couple had shared headliner status with Joe Howard at the Palace Theatre in April 1931, performing \"Keep Smiling\" and the \"Antics of 1931.\""], "answer": {"text": "They divorced in November 1934.", "answer_start": 285}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "who was Bob Hope's first wife?", "answer": {"text": "vaudeville partner Grace Louise Troxell,", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did Grace do?", "answer": {"text": "a secretary from Chicago, Illinois, who was the daughter of Edward and Mary (McGinnes) Troxell.", "answer_start": 82, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have children?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did they get married?", "answer": {"text": "They were married on January 25, 1933, in Erie, Pennsylvania,", "answer_start": 178, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_771624db47964ddeb9fe8bc6d2ff1c01_1_q#0", "question": "What does the article say about the Exile?", "rewrite": "What does the article say about the Exile?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The \"Encyclopedia of Religion\", in its article on yoni, notes the similarity between the positioning of many sheela na gigs above doorways or windows and the wooden female figures carved over the doorways of chiefs' houses (\"bai\") in the Palauan archipelago. Called \"dilukai\" (or \"dilugai\"), they are typically shown with legs splayed, revealing a large, black, triangular pubic area; the hands rest upon the thighs. The writers of the encyclopedia article say:", "Kneeland-Walker House The Kneeland-Walker House is a 3-story mansion built in 1890 in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, styled Queen Anne with Shingle style influence. Still largely intact, and possibly the finest example of Queen Anne architecture in Wauwatosa, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. Norman L. Kneeland was born in 1832 in New York and educated there. After serving in the Civil War, he moved to Wisconsin in 1865 and bought a 100-acre farm from his father and uncle. He prospered and in 1889 sold the farm, which was later developed into Washington Park. Shortly after, Kneeland bought six lots on Hillcrest Drive, at that time called Center Street, and built the house. The house is three stories tall, with a three-story onion-domed tower on one corner and a porte-coch\u00e8re on the west side. It sits on a limestone foundation with the first floor clad in brick, the second in weatherboard, and the third in wooden shingles. A large gambrel-roofed dormer tops the front of the house and a tall fluted chimney rises behind the tower. Inside the house are oak pocket doors and a curved staircase leading up to the second floor. Behind the house is a carriage house with stalls for four horses. Also in the back yard is a small building which was a cider shed when an orchard surrounded the house during the Kneeland era. While living in the house, James Kneeland was active in city politics. He was president of the city council at his death in 1900. The house stayed in the Kneeland family until 1917. In that year, the house was purchased by Emery L. Walker, an engineer for the Kieckhefer Container Company, which made cardboard boxes. The Walkers lived in the house until 1985.", "Grande responded to the comparisons, \"[I]t's a huge compliment, but when you hear my entire album, you'll see that Mariah's sound is much different than mine.\" Steven J. Horowitz of \"Billboard\" wrote in 2014, \"With her sophomore album, the \"Problem\" singer no longer resembles [Carey] \u2013 and that's okay.\" Mark Savage commented in \"BBC News\": \"Ariana Grande is one of pop's most intriguing and gifted singers. A magnetic performer with unrivalled vocal control\". In \"The New York Times\", Jon Pareles wrote that Grande's voice \"can be silky, breathy or cutting, swooping through long melismas or jabbing out short R&B phrases; it's always supple and airborne, never forced.\" Composer and playwright Jason Robert Brown addressed Grande in a 2016 \"Time\" magazine article: Grande cited Audrey Hepburn as her biggest style influence during her early years, but began to find imitating Hepburn's style \"a little boring\" as her career progressed. She also drew inspirations from actresses of the 1950s and 1960s, including Ann-Margret, Nancy Sinatra and Marilyn Monroe. Grande's modest look early in her career was described as \"age appropriate\", compared with other pop stars who grew up in the public eye. Jim Farber of \"New York Daily News\" wrote in 2014 that Grande received less attention \"for how little she wears or how graphically she moves than for how she sings.\" That year, she began to wear short skirts and crop tops with knee-high boots in performances and on red carpets. After years of dyeing her hair red to play Cat Valentine, Grande wore extensions. Anne T. Donahue of MTV News argued that her iconic ponytail receives more attention than her bold fashion choices.", "In October 2018, the BBC News published an investigative expos\u00e9 claiming based on satellite imagery and testimony that hundreds of thousands of Uyghurs and other Muslim minorities are being held without trial in internment camps in Xinjiang. Some sources quoted in the article say \u201cAs far as I know, the Chinese government wants to delete Uighur identity from the world.\u201d", "Instead of extending the existing freeway from the I-10 interchange south, however, the California Department of Transportation drew a new segment in Devore that \"branched\" off of the original alignment and bypassed San Bernardino altogether. This segment's alignment is generally northeast to southwest for about . Then, in Rancho Cucamonga, its directional alignment shifts to north\u2013south where it eventually meets with Interstate 10 (about west of the original interchange in San Bernardino). The segment that had been built from Devore to San Bernardino was retained as an interstate, but was re-numbered as Interstate 215. Note that during the construction of I-15's present alignment, and for some time afterwards, I-215 was numbered as I-15E, and its actual mileage would begin at Interstate 10. I-15 runs for a total of in California. Interstate 15 begins in Primm and continues through Las Vegas along the Las Vegas Strip corridor. Then the interstate crosses the border with Arizona in Mesquite. The interstate in Nevada runs entirely in Clark County, for a distance of . I-15 passes through the northwestern corner of Arizona with a total length of . The stretch is separated from the rest of the state and has one major exit, at Beaver Dam/Littlefield, Arizona. It includes a spectacular section where the road twists between the narrow walls of the Virgin River Gorge. I-15 continues through Utah for . It is the main north\u2013south connection for the state. The highway approximately follows the old alignment of U.S. Highway 91 from St. George to Brigham City. The highway passes through the fast-growing Utah's Dixie region in the southwestern part of the state, which includes St. George, Cedar City, and eventually most of the major cities and suburbs along the Wasatch Front, including Provo, Orem, Sandy, Salt Lake City, Layton, and Ogden."], "answer": {"text": "Zahir Shah lived in exile in Italy for twenty-nine years in a villa", "answer_start": 427}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_771624db47964ddeb9fe8bc6d2ff1c01_1_q#1", "question": "why did he live in Exile?", "rewrite": "Why did Zahir Shah live in Exile for twenty-nine years?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Already at the Bonn Conference which installed the interim administration there was a group of supporters of Zahir Shah, called the Rome-group, who wanted to take the former king to take up the position of head of state. Upon arrival in Kabul, more than 800 delegates signed a petition urging the nomination of Zahir Shah as Head of State, if only as a figurehead. In view of the speculation, which the petition aroused, United States and United Nations representatives pressed the former King to withdraw. The start of the Loya Jirga was delayed from 10 to 11 June because of \"logistical and preparatory problems. \" On 10 June the American representative Zalmay Khalilzad gave a press conference in which he declared that Zahir Shah was not a candidate. The same day, in a press conference of Zahir Shah the former king confirmed this and said \"I have no intention of restoring the monarchy. I am not a candidate for any position in the Loya Jirga.\" Hamid Karzai, who sat next to Zahir Shah at the press conference called Zahir Shah the \"father of the nation\" and thanked him for the \"confidence His Majesty has put in me.\" The next day former President Burhanuddin Rabbani withdrew his candidacy for Head of State in favour of Hamid Karzai \"for the sake of national unity\" So it looked like Karzai would go into the race for head of government uncontested, but two other candidates emerged. To be on the ballot at the Loya Jirga a candidate had to submit 150 signatures for his candidacy. Glam Fareq Majidi gathered only 101 signatures, so he was disqualified as candidate.", "Some 2,000 delegates, 500 more than the number invited, arrived at the beginning of June. These included 50 additional delegates to satisfy the demands of various warlords. The \"loya jirga\"'s primary task was to choose a president for the Afghan Transitional Administration who would lead the country until the official presidential elections in 2004. At the beginning, there were two candidates who had declared to run: former president of Afghanistan Burhanuddin Rabbani and the US-backed chairman of the Afghan Interim Administration, Hamid Karzai. Karzai was also supported by Abdullah Abdullah and Mohammad Fahim, two important leaders of the Northern Alliance. A third possible candidate was Zahir Shah, former king of Afghanistan until 1973. He had spent years living in Rome but had returned to Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban regime. Already at the Bonn Conference which installed the interim administration there was a group of supporters of Zahir Shah, called the Rome-group, who wanted to take the former king to take up the position of head of state. Upon arrival in Kabul, more than 800 delegates signed a petition urging the nomination of Zahir Shah as head of state, if only as a figurehead. In view of the speculation, which the petition aroused, US and UN representatives pressed the former king to withdraw. The start of the \"loya jirga\" was delayed from 10 to 11 June because of \"logistical and preparatory problems. \" On 10 June, the US representative Zalmay Khalilzad gave a press conference in which he declared that Zahir Shah was not a candidate. The same day, in a press conference of Zahir Shah, the former king confirmed this and said \"I have no intention of restoring the monarchy. I am not a candidate for any position in the Loya Jirga.\"", "Humaira Begum Humaira Begum (; 24 July 1918 \u2013 26 June 2002) was the wife and first cousin of King Mohammed Zahir Shah and the third and last Queen consort of Afghanistan. Humaira Begum was the daughter of \"Sardar\" Ahmad Shah Khan and his first wife Zarin Begum. She married her first cousin, the Crown Prince of Afghanistan Mohammed Zahir on 7 November 1931 in Kabul. Together they had six sons and two daughters: On 8 November 1933 after the assassination of her father in law Mohammed Nadir Shah her husband was proclaimed King and Humaira became Queen of Afghanistan. In 1946 Queen Humaira created the \"Women's Society\" which was the first ever women's institute in Afghanistan. In 1959 she supported the call by the Prime minister Mohammed Daoud Khan for women to voluntary remove their veil by removing her own. In 1973, while her husband was in Italy undergoing eye surgery as well as therapy for lumbago, his cousin and former Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan staged a \"coup d'\u00e9tat\" and established a republican government. Daoud Khan had been removed from office by Zahir Shah a decade earlier. In the August following this coup, Zahir Shah abdicated rather than risk an all-out civil war. Humaira and Zahir Shah spent their twenty-nine years in exile in Italy living in a relatively modest four-bedroom villa in the affluent community of Olgiata on Via Cassia, north of the city of Rome. The king never had feathered any nests in foreign bank accounts, and he depended on the generosity of friends. Just weeks before she was to return to Afghanistan and be reunited with her husband who recently had returned, Begum was admitted to hospital with breathing problems and heart trouble and died two days later.", "In 1973, while Zahir Shah was in Italy, undergoing eye surgery and therapy for lumbago, his cousin and former Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan staged a coup d'etat and established a republican government. As a former prime minister, Daoud Khan had been forced to resign by Zahir Shah a decade earlier. During August 1974, Zahir Shah abdicated rather than risk a civil war, ending over 200 years of royal rule in Afghanistan. Zahir Shah lived in exile in Italy for twenty-nine years in a villa in the affluent community of Olgiata on Via Cassia, north of Rome where he spent his time playing golf and chess, as well as tending to his garden. He was prohibited from returning to Afghanistan during the late 1970s by the Soviet-assisted Communist government. In 1983 during the Soviet-Afghan War, Zahir Shah was cautiously involved with plans to develop a government in exile. Ultimately these plans failed because he could not reach a consensus with the powerful Islamist factions. It has also been reported that Afghanistan, the Soviet Union and India had all tried to persuade Zahir Shah to return as chief of a neutral, possibly interim, administration in Kabul. In 1991, Zahir Shah survived an attempt on his life by a knife-wielding assassin masquerading as a Portuguese journalist. After the fall of the pro-Soviet government, Zahir Shah was favored by many to return and restore the monarchy to unify the country and as he was acceptable to most factions. However these efforts were blocked mostly by Pakistan's ISI, who feared his stance on the Durand Line issue. In June 1995, Zahir Shah's former envoy Sardar Wali announced at talks in Islamabad, Pakistan that Zahir Shah was willing to participate in peace talks to end the Afghan Civil War, but no consensus was ever reached.", "Najibullah proposes a five-point peace plan to end the 13-year war that has killed an estimated 1.5 million people and maimed hundreds of thousands of others. The plan calls for an end to weapons shipments to the warring factions, a cease-fire, and an intra-Afghan dialogue leading to the formation of a national unity government mandated to oversee elections. The national unity government would share power with the Pakistan-based government-in-exile, guerrilla commanders, Afghans living in exile, and the deposed king, Zahir Shah. Besides organizing elections, it would rewrite Afghanistan's constitution and oversee the return of the more than five million refugees who had fled to Pakistan and Iran. However, the Muslim guerrillas accuse Najibullah of merely repackaging old ideas in order to portray himself as a peacemaker. Most of the guerrillas vow to continue fighting until he is overthrown. In a surprise move, the government restores the citizenship of Zahir Shah, who has been living in virtual banishment in Italy for 18 years. Nearly 77, Zahir Shah had been overthrown in 1973, and he and his family were stripped of their Afghan citizenship after the Communist revolution of 1978. Zahir Shah is under pressure from the Western countries (including the United States) not to respond to Najibullah's call for National Reconciliation because if Zahir Shah returns to Afghanistan and joins the government, most of the traditionalist mujahideen would quit fighting against the government and would probably join the government. In mid-September the U.S. and the Soviet Union take the first step toward a negotiated settlement by agreeing to end arms shipments to their respective clients, the rebels and the government in Kabul, as of January 1, 1992."], "answer": {"text": "He was prohibited from returning to Afghanistan during the late 1970s", "answer_start": 643}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What does the article say about the Exile?", "answer": {"text": "Zahir Shah lived in exile in Italy for twenty-nine years in a villa", "answer_start": 427, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_771624db47964ddeb9fe8bc6d2ff1c01_1_q#2", "question": "What did he do while living in exile?", "rewrite": "What did Zahir Shah do while living in exile?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1973, while Zahir Shah was in Italy, undergoing eye surgery and therapy for lumbago, his cousin and former Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan staged a coup d'etat and established a republican government. As a former prime minister, Daoud Khan had been forced to resign by Zahir Shah a decade earlier. During August 1974, Zahir Shah abdicated rather than risk a civil war, ending over 200 years of royal rule in Afghanistan. Zahir Shah lived in exile in Italy for twenty-nine years in a villa in the affluent community of Olgiata on Via Cassia, north of Rome where he spent his time playing golf and chess, as well as tending to his garden. He was prohibited from returning to Afghanistan during the late 1970s by the Soviet-assisted Communist government. In 1983 during the Soviet-Afghan War, Zahir Shah was cautiously involved with plans to develop a government in exile. Ultimately these plans failed because he could not reach a consensus with the powerful Islamist factions. It has also been reported that Afghanistan, the Soviet Union and India had all tried to persuade Zahir Shah to return as chief of a neutral, possibly interim, administration in Kabul. In 1991, Zahir Shah survived an attempt on his life by a knife-wielding assassin masquerading as a Portuguese journalist. After the fall of the pro-Soviet government, Zahir Shah was favored by many to return and restore the monarchy to unify the country and as he was acceptable to most factions. However these efforts were blocked mostly by Pakistan's ISI, who feared his stance on the Durand Line issue. In June 1995, Zahir Shah's former envoy Sardar Wali announced at talks in Islamabad, Pakistan that Zahir Shah was willing to participate in peace talks to end the Afghan Civil War, but no consensus was ever reached.", "Already at the Bonn Conference which installed the interim administration there was a group of supporters of Zahir Shah, called the Rome-group, who wanted to take the former king to take up the position of head of state. Upon arrival in Kabul, more than 800 delegates signed a petition urging the nomination of Zahir Shah as Head of State, if only as a figurehead. In view of the speculation, which the petition aroused, United States and United Nations representatives pressed the former King to withdraw. The start of the Loya Jirga was delayed from 10 to 11 June because of \"logistical and preparatory problems. \" On 10 June the American representative Zalmay Khalilzad gave a press conference in which he declared that Zahir Shah was not a candidate. The same day, in a press conference of Zahir Shah the former king confirmed this and said \"I have no intention of restoring the monarchy. I am not a candidate for any position in the Loya Jirga.\" Hamid Karzai, who sat next to Zahir Shah at the press conference called Zahir Shah the \"father of the nation\" and thanked him for the \"confidence His Majesty has put in me.\" The next day former President Burhanuddin Rabbani withdrew his candidacy for Head of State in favour of Hamid Karzai \"for the sake of national unity\" So it looked like Karzai would go into the race for head of government uncontested, but two other candidates emerged. To be on the ballot at the Loya Jirga a candidate had to submit 150 signatures for his candidacy. Glam Fareq Majidi gathered only 101 signatures, so he was disqualified as candidate.", "Humaira Begum Humaira Begum (; 24 July 1918 \u2013 26 June 2002) was the wife and first cousin of King Mohammed Zahir Shah and the third and last Queen consort of Afghanistan. Humaira Begum was the daughter of \"Sardar\" Ahmad Shah Khan and his first wife Zarin Begum. She married her first cousin, the Crown Prince of Afghanistan Mohammed Zahir on 7 November 1931 in Kabul. Together they had six sons and two daughters: On 8 November 1933 after the assassination of her father in law Mohammed Nadir Shah her husband was proclaimed King and Humaira became Queen of Afghanistan. In 1946 Queen Humaira created the \"Women's Society\" which was the first ever women's institute in Afghanistan. In 1959 she supported the call by the Prime minister Mohammed Daoud Khan for women to voluntary remove their veil by removing her own. In 1973, while her husband was in Italy undergoing eye surgery as well as therapy for lumbago, his cousin and former Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan staged a \"coup d'\u00e9tat\" and established a republican government. Daoud Khan had been removed from office by Zahir Shah a decade earlier. In the August following this coup, Zahir Shah abdicated rather than risk an all-out civil war. Humaira and Zahir Shah spent their twenty-nine years in exile in Italy living in a relatively modest four-bedroom villa in the affluent community of Olgiata on Via Cassia, north of the city of Rome. The king never had feathered any nests in foreign bank accounts, and he depended on the generosity of friends. Just weeks before she was to return to Afghanistan and be reunited with her husband who recently had returned, Begum was admitted to hospital with breathing problems and heart trouble and died two days later.", "Najibullah proposes a five-point peace plan to end the 13-year war that has killed an estimated 1.5 million people and maimed hundreds of thousands of others. The plan calls for an end to weapons shipments to the warring factions, a cease-fire, and an intra-Afghan dialogue leading to the formation of a national unity government mandated to oversee elections. The national unity government would share power with the Pakistan-based government-in-exile, guerrilla commanders, Afghans living in exile, and the deposed king, Zahir Shah. Besides organizing elections, it would rewrite Afghanistan's constitution and oversee the return of the more than five million refugees who had fled to Pakistan and Iran. However, the Muslim guerrillas accuse Najibullah of merely repackaging old ideas in order to portray himself as a peacemaker. Most of the guerrillas vow to continue fighting until he is overthrown. In a surprise move, the government restores the citizenship of Zahir Shah, who has been living in virtual banishment in Italy for 18 years. Nearly 77, Zahir Shah had been overthrown in 1973, and he and his family were stripped of their Afghan citizenship after the Communist revolution of 1978. Zahir Shah is under pressure from the Western countries (including the United States) not to respond to Najibullah's call for National Reconciliation because if Zahir Shah returns to Afghanistan and joins the government, most of the traditionalist mujahideen would quit fighting against the government and would probably join the government. In mid-September the U.S. and the Soviet Union take the first step toward a negotiated settlement by agreeing to end arms shipments to their respective clients, the rebels and the government in Kabul, as of January 1, 1992.", "Some 2,000 delegates, 500 more than the number invited, arrived at the beginning of June. These included 50 additional delegates to satisfy the demands of various warlords. The \"loya jirga\"'s primary task was to choose a president for the Afghan Transitional Administration who would lead the country until the official presidential elections in 2004. At the beginning, there were two candidates who had declared to run: former president of Afghanistan Burhanuddin Rabbani and the US-backed chairman of the Afghan Interim Administration, Hamid Karzai. Karzai was also supported by Abdullah Abdullah and Mohammad Fahim, two important leaders of the Northern Alliance. A third possible candidate was Zahir Shah, former king of Afghanistan until 1973. He had spent years living in Rome but had returned to Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban regime. Already at the Bonn Conference which installed the interim administration there was a group of supporters of Zahir Shah, called the Rome-group, who wanted to take the former king to take up the position of head of state. Upon arrival in Kabul, more than 800 delegates signed a petition urging the nomination of Zahir Shah as head of state, if only as a figurehead. In view of the speculation, which the petition aroused, US and UN representatives pressed the former king to withdraw. The start of the \"loya jirga\" was delayed from 10 to 11 June because of \"logistical and preparatory problems. \" On 10 June, the US representative Zalmay Khalilzad gave a press conference in which he declared that Zahir Shah was not a candidate. The same day, in a press conference of Zahir Shah, the former king confirmed this and said \"I have no intention of restoring the monarchy. I am not a candidate for any position in the Loya Jirga.\""], "answer": {"text": "he spent his time playing golf and chess, as well as tending to his garden.", "answer_start": 567}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What does the article say about the Exile?", "answer": {"text": "Zahir Shah lived in exile in Italy for twenty-nine years in a villa", "answer_start": 427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he live in Exile?", "answer": {"text": "He was prohibited from returning to Afghanistan during the late 1970s", "answer_start": 643, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_771624db47964ddeb9fe8bc6d2ff1c01_1_q#4", "question": "What else happened in 1973?", "rewrite": "Besides Zahir Shah living in exile, did anything else happen in 1973?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Najibullah proposes a five-point peace plan to end the 13-year war that has killed an estimated 1.5 million people and maimed hundreds of thousands of others. The plan calls for an end to weapons shipments to the warring factions, a cease-fire, and an intra-Afghan dialogue leading to the formation of a national unity government mandated to oversee elections. The national unity government would share power with the Pakistan-based government-in-exile, guerrilla commanders, Afghans living in exile, and the deposed king, Zahir Shah. Besides organizing elections, it would rewrite Afghanistan's constitution and oversee the return of the more than five million refugees who had fled to Pakistan and Iran. However, the Muslim guerrillas accuse Najibullah of merely repackaging old ideas in order to portray himself as a peacemaker. Most of the guerrillas vow to continue fighting until he is overthrown. In a surprise move, the government restores the citizenship of Zahir Shah, who has been living in virtual banishment in Italy for 18 years. Nearly 77, Zahir Shah had been overthrown in 1973, and he and his family were stripped of their Afghan citizenship after the Communist revolution of 1978. Zahir Shah is under pressure from the Western countries (including the United States) not to respond to Najibullah's call for National Reconciliation because if Zahir Shah returns to Afghanistan and joins the government, most of the traditionalist mujahideen would quit fighting against the government and would probably join the government. In mid-September the U.S. and the Soviet Union take the first step toward a negotiated settlement by agreeing to end arms shipments to their respective clients, the rebels and the government in Kabul, as of January 1, 1992.", "In 1973, while Zahir Shah was in Italy, undergoing eye surgery and therapy for lumbago, his cousin and former Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan staged a coup d'etat and established a republican government. As a former prime minister, Daoud Khan had been forced to resign by Zahir Shah a decade earlier. During August 1974, Zahir Shah abdicated rather than risk a civil war, ending over 200 years of royal rule in Afghanistan. Zahir Shah lived in exile in Italy for twenty-nine years in a villa in the affluent community of Olgiata on Via Cassia, north of Rome where he spent his time playing golf and chess, as well as tending to his garden. He was prohibited from returning to Afghanistan during the late 1970s by the Soviet-assisted Communist government. In 1983 during the Soviet-Afghan War, Zahir Shah was cautiously involved with plans to develop a government in exile. Ultimately these plans failed because he could not reach a consensus with the powerful Islamist factions. It has also been reported that Afghanistan, the Soviet Union and India had all tried to persuade Zahir Shah to return as chief of a neutral, possibly interim, administration in Kabul. In 1991, Zahir Shah survived an attempt on his life by a knife-wielding assassin masquerading as a Portuguese journalist. After the fall of the pro-Soviet government, Zahir Shah was favored by many to return and restore the monarchy to unify the country and as he was acceptable to most factions. However these efforts were blocked mostly by Pakistan's ISI, who feared his stance on the Durand Line issue. In June 1995, Zahir Shah's former envoy Sardar Wali announced at talks in Islamabad, Pakistan that Zahir Shah was willing to participate in peace talks to end the Afghan Civil War, but no consensus was ever reached.", "Some 2,000 delegates, 500 more than the number invited, arrived at the beginning of June. These included 50 additional delegates to satisfy the demands of various warlords. The \"loya jirga\"'s primary task was to choose a president for the Afghan Transitional Administration who would lead the country until the official presidential elections in 2004. At the beginning, there were two candidates who had declared to run: former president of Afghanistan Burhanuddin Rabbani and the US-backed chairman of the Afghan Interim Administration, Hamid Karzai. Karzai was also supported by Abdullah Abdullah and Mohammad Fahim, two important leaders of the Northern Alliance. A third possible candidate was Zahir Shah, former king of Afghanistan until 1973. He had spent years living in Rome but had returned to Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban regime. Already at the Bonn Conference which installed the interim administration there was a group of supporters of Zahir Shah, called the Rome-group, who wanted to take the former king to take up the position of head of state. Upon arrival in Kabul, more than 800 delegates signed a petition urging the nomination of Zahir Shah as head of state, if only as a figurehead. In view of the speculation, which the petition aroused, US and UN representatives pressed the former king to withdraw. The start of the \"loya jirga\" was delayed from 10 to 11 June because of \"logistical and preparatory problems. \" On 10 June, the US representative Zalmay Khalilzad gave a press conference in which he declared that Zahir Shah was not a candidate. The same day, in a press conference of Zahir Shah, the former king confirmed this and said \"I have no intention of restoring the monarchy. I am not a candidate for any position in the Loya Jirga.\"", "Already at the Bonn Conference which installed the interim administration there was a group of supporters of Zahir Shah, called the Rome-group, who wanted to take the former king to take up the position of head of state. Upon arrival in Kabul, more than 800 delegates signed a petition urging the nomination of Zahir Shah as Head of State, if only as a figurehead. In view of the speculation, which the petition aroused, United States and United Nations representatives pressed the former King to withdraw. The start of the Loya Jirga was delayed from 10 to 11 June because of \"logistical and preparatory problems. \" On 10 June the American representative Zalmay Khalilzad gave a press conference in which he declared that Zahir Shah was not a candidate. The same day, in a press conference of Zahir Shah the former king confirmed this and said \"I have no intention of restoring the monarchy. I am not a candidate for any position in the Loya Jirga.\" Hamid Karzai, who sat next to Zahir Shah at the press conference called Zahir Shah the \"father of the nation\" and thanked him for the \"confidence His Majesty has put in me.\" The next day former President Burhanuddin Rabbani withdrew his candidacy for Head of State in favour of Hamid Karzai \"for the sake of national unity\" So it looked like Karzai would go into the race for head of government uncontested, but two other candidates emerged. To be on the ballot at the Loya Jirga a candidate had to submit 150 signatures for his candidacy. Glam Fareq Majidi gathered only 101 signatures, so he was disqualified as candidate.", "Humaira Begum Humaira Begum (; 24 July 1918 \u2013 26 June 2002) was the wife and first cousin of King Mohammed Zahir Shah and the third and last Queen consort of Afghanistan. Humaira Begum was the daughter of \"Sardar\" Ahmad Shah Khan and his first wife Zarin Begum. She married her first cousin, the Crown Prince of Afghanistan Mohammed Zahir on 7 November 1931 in Kabul. Together they had six sons and two daughters: On 8 November 1933 after the assassination of her father in law Mohammed Nadir Shah her husband was proclaimed King and Humaira became Queen of Afghanistan. In 1946 Queen Humaira created the \"Women's Society\" which was the first ever women's institute in Afghanistan. In 1959 she supported the call by the Prime minister Mohammed Daoud Khan for women to voluntary remove their veil by removing her own. In 1973, while her husband was in Italy undergoing eye surgery as well as therapy for lumbago, his cousin and former Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan staged a \"coup d'\u00e9tat\" and established a republican government. Daoud Khan had been removed from office by Zahir Shah a decade earlier. In the August following this coup, Zahir Shah abdicated rather than risk an all-out civil war. Humaira and Zahir Shah spent their twenty-nine years in exile in Italy living in a relatively modest four-bedroom villa in the affluent community of Olgiata on Via Cassia, north of the city of Rome. The king never had feathered any nests in foreign bank accounts, and he depended on the generosity of friends. Just weeks before she was to return to Afghanistan and be reunited with her husband who recently had returned, Begum was admitted to hospital with breathing problems and heart trouble and died two days later."], "answer": {"text": "As a former prime minister, Daoud Khan had been forced to resign by Zahir Shah a decade earlier.", "answer_start": 207}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What does the article say about the Exile?", "answer": {"text": "Zahir Shah lived in exile in Italy for twenty-nine years in a villa", "answer_start": 427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he live in Exile?", "answer": {"text": "He was prohibited from returning to Afghanistan during the late 1970s", "answer_start": 643, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do while living in exile?", "answer": {"text": "he spent his time playing golf and chess, as well as tending to his garden.", "answer_start": 567, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What made him come out of exile?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_771624db47964ddeb9fe8bc6d2ff1c01_1_q#5", "question": "Did he have any issues with his eyes?", "rewrite": "Did Zahir Shah have any issues with his eyes?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Some 2,000 delegates, 500 more than the number invited, arrived at the beginning of June. These included 50 additional delegates to satisfy the demands of various warlords. The \"loya jirga\"'s primary task was to choose a president for the Afghan Transitional Administration who would lead the country until the official presidential elections in 2004. At the beginning, there were two candidates who had declared to run: former president of Afghanistan Burhanuddin Rabbani and the US-backed chairman of the Afghan Interim Administration, Hamid Karzai. Karzai was also supported by Abdullah Abdullah and Mohammad Fahim, two important leaders of the Northern Alliance. A third possible candidate was Zahir Shah, former king of Afghanistan until 1973. He had spent years living in Rome but had returned to Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban regime. Already at the Bonn Conference which installed the interim administration there was a group of supporters of Zahir Shah, called the Rome-group, who wanted to take the former king to take up the position of head of state. Upon arrival in Kabul, more than 800 delegates signed a petition urging the nomination of Zahir Shah as head of state, if only as a figurehead. In view of the speculation, which the petition aroused, US and UN representatives pressed the former king to withdraw. The start of the \"loya jirga\" was delayed from 10 to 11 June because of \"logistical and preparatory problems. \" On 10 June, the US representative Zalmay Khalilzad gave a press conference in which he declared that Zahir Shah was not a candidate. The same day, in a press conference of Zahir Shah, the former king confirmed this and said \"I have no intention of restoring the monarchy. I am not a candidate for any position in the Loya Jirga.\"", "Najibullah proposes a five-point peace plan to end the 13-year war that has killed an estimated 1.5 million people and maimed hundreds of thousands of others. The plan calls for an end to weapons shipments to the warring factions, a cease-fire, and an intra-Afghan dialogue leading to the formation of a national unity government mandated to oversee elections. The national unity government would share power with the Pakistan-based government-in-exile, guerrilla commanders, Afghans living in exile, and the deposed king, Zahir Shah. Besides organizing elections, it would rewrite Afghanistan's constitution and oversee the return of the more than five million refugees who had fled to Pakistan and Iran. However, the Muslim guerrillas accuse Najibullah of merely repackaging old ideas in order to portray himself as a peacemaker. Most of the guerrillas vow to continue fighting until he is overthrown. In a surprise move, the government restores the citizenship of Zahir Shah, who has been living in virtual banishment in Italy for 18 years. Nearly 77, Zahir Shah had been overthrown in 1973, and he and his family were stripped of their Afghan citizenship after the Communist revolution of 1978. Zahir Shah is under pressure from the Western countries (including the United States) not to respond to Najibullah's call for National Reconciliation because if Zahir Shah returns to Afghanistan and joins the government, most of the traditionalist mujahideen would quit fighting against the government and would probably join the government. In mid-September the U.S. and the Soviet Union take the first step toward a negotiated settlement by agreeing to end arms shipments to their respective clients, the rebels and the government in Kabul, as of January 1, 1992.", "Humaira Begum Humaira Begum (; 24 July 1918 \u2013 26 June 2002) was the wife and first cousin of King Mohammed Zahir Shah and the third and last Queen consort of Afghanistan. Humaira Begum was the daughter of \"Sardar\" Ahmad Shah Khan and his first wife Zarin Begum. She married her first cousin, the Crown Prince of Afghanistan Mohammed Zahir on 7 November 1931 in Kabul. Together they had six sons and two daughters: On 8 November 1933 after the assassination of her father in law Mohammed Nadir Shah her husband was proclaimed King and Humaira became Queen of Afghanistan. In 1946 Queen Humaira created the \"Women's Society\" which was the first ever women's institute in Afghanistan. In 1959 she supported the call by the Prime minister Mohammed Daoud Khan for women to voluntary remove their veil by removing her own. In 1973, while her husband was in Italy undergoing eye surgery as well as therapy for lumbago, his cousin and former Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan staged a \"coup d'\u00e9tat\" and established a republican government. Daoud Khan had been removed from office by Zahir Shah a decade earlier. In the August following this coup, Zahir Shah abdicated rather than risk an all-out civil war. Humaira and Zahir Shah spent their twenty-nine years in exile in Italy living in a relatively modest four-bedroom villa in the affluent community of Olgiata on Via Cassia, north of the city of Rome. The king never had feathered any nests in foreign bank accounts, and he depended on the generosity of friends. Just weeks before she was to return to Afghanistan and be reunited with her husband who recently had returned, Begum was admitted to hospital with breathing problems and heart trouble and died two days later.", "Already at the Bonn Conference which installed the interim administration there was a group of supporters of Zahir Shah, called the Rome-group, who wanted to take the former king to take up the position of head of state. Upon arrival in Kabul, more than 800 delegates signed a petition urging the nomination of Zahir Shah as Head of State, if only as a figurehead. In view of the speculation, which the petition aroused, United States and United Nations representatives pressed the former King to withdraw. The start of the Loya Jirga was delayed from 10 to 11 June because of \"logistical and preparatory problems. \" On 10 June the American representative Zalmay Khalilzad gave a press conference in which he declared that Zahir Shah was not a candidate. The same day, in a press conference of Zahir Shah the former king confirmed this and said \"I have no intention of restoring the monarchy. I am not a candidate for any position in the Loya Jirga.\" Hamid Karzai, who sat next to Zahir Shah at the press conference called Zahir Shah the \"father of the nation\" and thanked him for the \"confidence His Majesty has put in me.\" The next day former President Burhanuddin Rabbani withdrew his candidacy for Head of State in favour of Hamid Karzai \"for the sake of national unity\" So it looked like Karzai would go into the race for head of government uncontested, but two other candidates emerged. To be on the ballot at the Loya Jirga a candidate had to submit 150 signatures for his candidacy. Glam Fareq Majidi gathered only 101 signatures, so he was disqualified as candidate.", "In 1973, while Zahir Shah was in Italy, undergoing eye surgery and therapy for lumbago, his cousin and former Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan staged a coup d'etat and established a republican government. As a former prime minister, Daoud Khan had been forced to resign by Zahir Shah a decade earlier. During August 1974, Zahir Shah abdicated rather than risk a civil war, ending over 200 years of royal rule in Afghanistan. Zahir Shah lived in exile in Italy for twenty-nine years in a villa in the affluent community of Olgiata on Via Cassia, north of Rome where he spent his time playing golf and chess, as well as tending to his garden. He was prohibited from returning to Afghanistan during the late 1970s by the Soviet-assisted Communist government. In 1983 during the Soviet-Afghan War, Zahir Shah was cautiously involved with plans to develop a government in exile. Ultimately these plans failed because he could not reach a consensus with the powerful Islamist factions. It has also been reported that Afghanistan, the Soviet Union and India had all tried to persuade Zahir Shah to return as chief of a neutral, possibly interim, administration in Kabul. In 1991, Zahir Shah survived an attempt on his life by a knife-wielding assassin masquerading as a Portuguese journalist. After the fall of the pro-Soviet government, Zahir Shah was favored by many to return and restore the monarchy to unify the country and as he was acceptable to most factions. However these efforts were blocked mostly by Pakistan's ISI, who feared his stance on the Durand Line issue. In June 1995, Zahir Shah's former envoy Sardar Wali announced at talks in Islamabad, Pakistan that Zahir Shah was willing to participate in peace talks to end the Afghan Civil War, but no consensus was ever reached."], "answer": {"text": "Zahir Shah was in Italy, undergoing eye surgery and therapy for lumbago,", "answer_start": 15}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What does the article say about the Exile?", "answer": {"text": "Zahir Shah lived in exile in Italy for twenty-nine years in a villa", "answer_start": 427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he live in Exile?", "answer": {"text": "He was prohibited from returning to Afghanistan during the late 1970s", "answer_start": 643, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do while living in exile?", "answer": {"text": "he spent his time playing golf and chess, as well as tending to his garden.", "answer_start": 567, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What made him come out of exile?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened in 1973?", "answer": {"text": "As a former prime minister, Daoud Khan had been forced to resign by Zahir Shah a decade earlier.", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_771624db47964ddeb9fe8bc6d2ff1c01_1_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than Zahir Shah living in exile for twenty-nine years and having issues with his eyes, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Some 2,000 delegates, 500 more than the number invited, arrived at the beginning of June. These included 50 additional delegates to satisfy the demands of various warlords. The \"loya jirga\"'s primary task was to choose a president for the Afghan Transitional Administration who would lead the country until the official presidential elections in 2004. At the beginning, there were two candidates who had declared to run: former president of Afghanistan Burhanuddin Rabbani and the US-backed chairman of the Afghan Interim Administration, Hamid Karzai. Karzai was also supported by Abdullah Abdullah and Mohammad Fahim, two important leaders of the Northern Alliance. A third possible candidate was Zahir Shah, former king of Afghanistan until 1973. He had spent years living in Rome but had returned to Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban regime. Already at the Bonn Conference which installed the interim administration there was a group of supporters of Zahir Shah, called the Rome-group, who wanted to take the former king to take up the position of head of state. Upon arrival in Kabul, more than 800 delegates signed a petition urging the nomination of Zahir Shah as head of state, if only as a figurehead. In view of the speculation, which the petition aroused, US and UN representatives pressed the former king to withdraw. The start of the \"loya jirga\" was delayed from 10 to 11 June because of \"logistical and preparatory problems. \" On 10 June, the US representative Zalmay Khalilzad gave a press conference in which he declared that Zahir Shah was not a candidate. The same day, in a press conference of Zahir Shah, the former king confirmed this and said \"I have no intention of restoring the monarchy. I am not a candidate for any position in the Loya Jirga.\"", "In 1973, while Zahir Shah was in Italy, undergoing eye surgery and therapy for lumbago, his cousin and former Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan staged a coup d'etat and established a republican government. As a former prime minister, Daoud Khan had been forced to resign by Zahir Shah a decade earlier. During August 1974, Zahir Shah abdicated rather than risk a civil war, ending over 200 years of royal rule in Afghanistan. Zahir Shah lived in exile in Italy for twenty-nine years in a villa in the affluent community of Olgiata on Via Cassia, north of Rome where he spent his time playing golf and chess, as well as tending to his garden. He was prohibited from returning to Afghanistan during the late 1970s by the Soviet-assisted Communist government. In 1983 during the Soviet-Afghan War, Zahir Shah was cautiously involved with plans to develop a government in exile. Ultimately these plans failed because he could not reach a consensus with the powerful Islamist factions. It has also been reported that Afghanistan, the Soviet Union and India had all tried to persuade Zahir Shah to return as chief of a neutral, possibly interim, administration in Kabul. In 1991, Zahir Shah survived an attempt on his life by a knife-wielding assassin masquerading as a Portuguese journalist. After the fall of the pro-Soviet government, Zahir Shah was favored by many to return and restore the monarchy to unify the country and as he was acceptable to most factions. However these efforts were blocked mostly by Pakistan's ISI, who feared his stance on the Durand Line issue. In June 1995, Zahir Shah's former envoy Sardar Wali announced at talks in Islamabad, Pakistan that Zahir Shah was willing to participate in peace talks to end the Afghan Civil War, but no consensus was ever reached.", "Humaira Begum Humaira Begum (; 24 July 1918 \u2013 26 June 2002) was the wife and first cousin of King Mohammed Zahir Shah and the third and last Queen consort of Afghanistan. Humaira Begum was the daughter of \"Sardar\" Ahmad Shah Khan and his first wife Zarin Begum. She married her first cousin, the Crown Prince of Afghanistan Mohammed Zahir on 7 November 1931 in Kabul. Together they had six sons and two daughters: On 8 November 1933 after the assassination of her father in law Mohammed Nadir Shah her husband was proclaimed King and Humaira became Queen of Afghanistan. In 1946 Queen Humaira created the \"Women's Society\" which was the first ever women's institute in Afghanistan. In 1959 she supported the call by the Prime minister Mohammed Daoud Khan for women to voluntary remove their veil by removing her own. In 1973, while her husband was in Italy undergoing eye surgery as well as therapy for lumbago, his cousin and former Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan staged a \"coup d'\u00e9tat\" and established a republican government. Daoud Khan had been removed from office by Zahir Shah a decade earlier. In the August following this coup, Zahir Shah abdicated rather than risk an all-out civil war. Humaira and Zahir Shah spent their twenty-nine years in exile in Italy living in a relatively modest four-bedroom villa in the affluent community of Olgiata on Via Cassia, north of the city of Rome. The king never had feathered any nests in foreign bank accounts, and he depended on the generosity of friends. Just weeks before she was to return to Afghanistan and be reunited with her husband who recently had returned, Begum was admitted to hospital with breathing problems and heart trouble and died two days later.", "Already at the Bonn Conference which installed the interim administration there was a group of supporters of Zahir Shah, called the Rome-group, who wanted to take the former king to take up the position of head of state. Upon arrival in Kabul, more than 800 delegates signed a petition urging the nomination of Zahir Shah as Head of State, if only as a figurehead. In view of the speculation, which the petition aroused, United States and United Nations representatives pressed the former King to withdraw. The start of the Loya Jirga was delayed from 10 to 11 June because of \"logistical and preparatory problems. \" On 10 June the American representative Zalmay Khalilzad gave a press conference in which he declared that Zahir Shah was not a candidate. The same day, in a press conference of Zahir Shah the former king confirmed this and said \"I have no intention of restoring the monarchy. I am not a candidate for any position in the Loya Jirga.\" Hamid Karzai, who sat next to Zahir Shah at the press conference called Zahir Shah the \"father of the nation\" and thanked him for the \"confidence His Majesty has put in me.\" The next day former President Burhanuddin Rabbani withdrew his candidacy for Head of State in favour of Hamid Karzai \"for the sake of national unity\" So it looked like Karzai would go into the race for head of government uncontested, but two other candidates emerged. To be on the ballot at the Loya Jirga a candidate had to submit 150 signatures for his candidacy. Glam Fareq Majidi gathered only 101 signatures, so he was disqualified as candidate.", "Najibullah proposes a five-point peace plan to end the 13-year war that has killed an estimated 1.5 million people and maimed hundreds of thousands of others. The plan calls for an end to weapons shipments to the warring factions, a cease-fire, and an intra-Afghan dialogue leading to the formation of a national unity government mandated to oversee elections. The national unity government would share power with the Pakistan-based government-in-exile, guerrilla commanders, Afghans living in exile, and the deposed king, Zahir Shah. Besides organizing elections, it would rewrite Afghanistan's constitution and oversee the return of the more than five million refugees who had fled to Pakistan and Iran. However, the Muslim guerrillas accuse Najibullah of merely repackaging old ideas in order to portray himself as a peacemaker. Most of the guerrillas vow to continue fighting until he is overthrown. In a surprise move, the government restores the citizenship of Zahir Shah, who has been living in virtual banishment in Italy for 18 years. Nearly 77, Zahir Shah had been overthrown in 1973, and he and his family were stripped of their Afghan citizenship after the Communist revolution of 1978. Zahir Shah is under pressure from the Western countries (including the United States) not to respond to Najibullah's call for National Reconciliation because if Zahir Shah returns to Afghanistan and joins the government, most of the traditionalist mujahideen would quit fighting against the government and would probably join the government. In mid-September the U.S. and the Soviet Union take the first step toward a negotiated settlement by agreeing to end arms shipments to their respective clients, the rebels and the government in Kabul, as of January 1, 1992."], "answer": {"text": "In 1991, Zahir Shah survived an attempt on his life by a knife-wielding assassin masquerading as a Portuguese journalist.", "answer_start": 1166}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What does the article say about the Exile?", "answer": {"text": "Zahir Shah lived in exile in Italy for twenty-nine years in a villa", "answer_start": 427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he live in Exile?", "answer": {"text": "He was prohibited from returning to Afghanistan during the late 1970s", "answer_start": 643, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do while living in exile?", "answer": {"text": "he spent his time playing golf and chess, as well as tending to his garden.", "answer_start": 567, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What made him come out of exile?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened in 1973?", "answer": {"text": "As a former prime minister, Daoud Khan had been forced to resign by Zahir Shah a decade earlier.", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any issues with his eyes?", "answer": {"text": "Zahir Shah was in Italy, undergoing eye surgery and therapy for lumbago,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_771624db47964ddeb9fe8bc6d2ff1c01_1_q#8", "question": "Did he participate in any peace talks?", "rewrite": "Did Zahir Shah ever participate in any peace talks?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 1973, while Zahir Shah was in Italy, undergoing eye surgery and therapy for lumbago, his cousin and former Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan staged a coup d'etat and established a republican government. As a former prime minister, Daoud Khan had been forced to resign by Zahir Shah a decade earlier. During August 1974, Zahir Shah abdicated rather than risk a civil war, ending over 200 years of royal rule in Afghanistan. Zahir Shah lived in exile in Italy for twenty-nine years in a villa in the affluent community of Olgiata on Via Cassia, north of Rome where he spent his time playing golf and chess, as well as tending to his garden. He was prohibited from returning to Afghanistan during the late 1970s by the Soviet-assisted Communist government. In 1983 during the Soviet-Afghan War, Zahir Shah was cautiously involved with plans to develop a government in exile. Ultimately these plans failed because he could not reach a consensus with the powerful Islamist factions. It has also been reported that Afghanistan, the Soviet Union and India had all tried to persuade Zahir Shah to return as chief of a neutral, possibly interim, administration in Kabul. In 1991, Zahir Shah survived an attempt on his life by a knife-wielding assassin masquerading as a Portuguese journalist. After the fall of the pro-Soviet government, Zahir Shah was favored by many to return and restore the monarchy to unify the country and as he was acceptable to most factions. However these efforts were blocked mostly by Pakistan's ISI, who feared his stance on the Durand Line issue. In June 1995, Zahir Shah's former envoy Sardar Wali announced at talks in Islamabad, Pakistan that Zahir Shah was willing to participate in peace talks to end the Afghan Civil War, but no consensus was ever reached.", "Already at the Bonn Conference which installed the interim administration there was a group of supporters of Zahir Shah, called the Rome-group, who wanted to take the former king to take up the position of head of state. Upon arrival in Kabul, more than 800 delegates signed a petition urging the nomination of Zahir Shah as Head of State, if only as a figurehead. In view of the speculation, which the petition aroused, United States and United Nations representatives pressed the former King to withdraw. The start of the Loya Jirga was delayed from 10 to 11 June because of \"logistical and preparatory problems. \" On 10 June the American representative Zalmay Khalilzad gave a press conference in which he declared that Zahir Shah was not a candidate. The same day, in a press conference of Zahir Shah the former king confirmed this and said \"I have no intention of restoring the monarchy. I am not a candidate for any position in the Loya Jirga.\" Hamid Karzai, who sat next to Zahir Shah at the press conference called Zahir Shah the \"father of the nation\" and thanked him for the \"confidence His Majesty has put in me.\" The next day former President Burhanuddin Rabbani withdrew his candidacy for Head of State in favour of Hamid Karzai \"for the sake of national unity\" So it looked like Karzai would go into the race for head of government uncontested, but two other candidates emerged. To be on the ballot at the Loya Jirga a candidate had to submit 150 signatures for his candidacy. Glam Fareq Majidi gathered only 101 signatures, so he was disqualified as candidate.", "Some 2,000 delegates, 500 more than the number invited, arrived at the beginning of June. These included 50 additional delegates to satisfy the demands of various warlords. The \"loya jirga\"'s primary task was to choose a president for the Afghan Transitional Administration who would lead the country until the official presidential elections in 2004. At the beginning, there were two candidates who had declared to run: former president of Afghanistan Burhanuddin Rabbani and the US-backed chairman of the Afghan Interim Administration, Hamid Karzai. Karzai was also supported by Abdullah Abdullah and Mohammad Fahim, two important leaders of the Northern Alliance. A third possible candidate was Zahir Shah, former king of Afghanistan until 1973. He had spent years living in Rome but had returned to Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban regime. Already at the Bonn Conference which installed the interim administration there was a group of supporters of Zahir Shah, called the Rome-group, who wanted to take the former king to take up the position of head of state. Upon arrival in Kabul, more than 800 delegates signed a petition urging the nomination of Zahir Shah as head of state, if only as a figurehead. In view of the speculation, which the petition aroused, US and UN representatives pressed the former king to withdraw. The start of the \"loya jirga\" was delayed from 10 to 11 June because of \"logistical and preparatory problems. \" On 10 June, the US representative Zalmay Khalilzad gave a press conference in which he declared that Zahir Shah was not a candidate. The same day, in a press conference of Zahir Shah, the former king confirmed this and said \"I have no intention of restoring the monarchy. I am not a candidate for any position in the Loya Jirga.\"", "Humaira Begum Humaira Begum (; 24 July 1918 \u2013 26 June 2002) was the wife and first cousin of King Mohammed Zahir Shah and the third and last Queen consort of Afghanistan. Humaira Begum was the daughter of \"Sardar\" Ahmad Shah Khan and his first wife Zarin Begum. She married her first cousin, the Crown Prince of Afghanistan Mohammed Zahir on 7 November 1931 in Kabul. Together they had six sons and two daughters: On 8 November 1933 after the assassination of her father in law Mohammed Nadir Shah her husband was proclaimed King and Humaira became Queen of Afghanistan. In 1946 Queen Humaira created the \"Women's Society\" which was the first ever women's institute in Afghanistan. In 1959 she supported the call by the Prime minister Mohammed Daoud Khan for women to voluntary remove their veil by removing her own. In 1973, while her husband was in Italy undergoing eye surgery as well as therapy for lumbago, his cousin and former Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan staged a \"coup d'\u00e9tat\" and established a republican government. Daoud Khan had been removed from office by Zahir Shah a decade earlier. In the August following this coup, Zahir Shah abdicated rather than risk an all-out civil war. Humaira and Zahir Shah spent their twenty-nine years in exile in Italy living in a relatively modest four-bedroom villa in the affluent community of Olgiata on Via Cassia, north of the city of Rome. The king never had feathered any nests in foreign bank accounts, and he depended on the generosity of friends. Just weeks before she was to return to Afghanistan and be reunited with her husband who recently had returned, Begum was admitted to hospital with breathing problems and heart trouble and died two days later.", "Najibullah proposes a five-point peace plan to end the 13-year war that has killed an estimated 1.5 million people and maimed hundreds of thousands of others. The plan calls for an end to weapons shipments to the warring factions, a cease-fire, and an intra-Afghan dialogue leading to the formation of a national unity government mandated to oversee elections. The national unity government would share power with the Pakistan-based government-in-exile, guerrilla commanders, Afghans living in exile, and the deposed king, Zahir Shah. Besides organizing elections, it would rewrite Afghanistan's constitution and oversee the return of the more than five million refugees who had fled to Pakistan and Iran. However, the Muslim guerrillas accuse Najibullah of merely repackaging old ideas in order to portray himself as a peacemaker. Most of the guerrillas vow to continue fighting until he is overthrown. In a surprise move, the government restores the citizenship of Zahir Shah, who has been living in virtual banishment in Italy for 18 years. Nearly 77, Zahir Shah had been overthrown in 1973, and he and his family were stripped of their Afghan citizenship after the Communist revolution of 1978. Zahir Shah is under pressure from the Western countries (including the United States) not to respond to Najibullah's call for National Reconciliation because if Zahir Shah returns to Afghanistan and joins the government, most of the traditionalist mujahideen would quit fighting against the government and would probably join the government. In mid-September the U.S. and the Soviet Union take the first step toward a negotiated settlement by agreeing to end arms shipments to their respective clients, the rebels and the government in Kabul, as of January 1, 1992."], "answer": {"text": "Zahir Shah was willing to participate in peace talks to end the Afghan Civil War, but no consensus was ever reached.", "answer_start": 1671}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What does the article say about the Exile?", "answer": {"text": "Zahir Shah lived in exile in Italy for twenty-nine years in a villa", "answer_start": 427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he live in Exile?", "answer": {"text": "He was prohibited from returning to Afghanistan during the late 1970s", "answer_start": 643, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do while living in exile?", "answer": {"text": "he spent his time playing golf and chess, as well as tending to his garden.", "answer_start": 567, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What made him come out of exile?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened in 1973?", "answer": {"text": "As a former prime minister, Daoud Khan had been forced to resign by Zahir Shah a decade earlier.", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any issues with his eyes?", "answer": {"text": "Zahir Shah was in Italy, undergoing eye surgery and therapy for lumbago,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 1991, Zahir Shah survived an attempt on his life by a knife-wielding assassin masquerading as a Portuguese journalist.", "answer_start": 1166, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he survive this?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_107882d03e7f4bffa740be77722aac90_1_q#0", "question": "What was 125cc?", "rewrite": "What was 125cc?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2001 he entered the 125cc Spanish Championship with Team Belart which folded halfway through the season due to financial reasons. But he was spotted by Manuel Morente who signed him up for the remaining races of the season and offered him a new team with iconic Atl\u00e9tico Madrid sponsoring for the following year. In 2002, finally having official material at his disposal, Bautista fought with Hector Barbera for the 125cc Spanish Championship until the last race of the season at Valencia. He set pole-position, but only finished fifth after a crash, securing him the runner-up spot overall. The same year Bautista made his international debut in the 2002 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season with the same team, running as a wildcard entry at Jerez, Catalunya and Valencia. He also competed in the 125cc European Championship where he scored a podium in Assen and a fourth place in Hungary. Bautista's connection with football was deepened in 2003 when former footballer Clarence Seedorf signed him up for the newly found Seedorf Racing Team, to compete his first full season in the 125cc World Championship. He finished his debut year in 20th place overall with 31 points, his best finishes being a fourth place at Phillip Island and a sixth place at Valencia. The same year he was also crowned the 125cc Spanish Champion with two races to go and after an extremely dominant season, never being off the podium and scoring five consecutive pole-to-victory finishes. The Spaniard continued with Seedorf Racing in the 125cc World Championship for the 2004 season. He ended the year in seventh place overall after taking his first podium and fastest lap at Donington Park. He finished on the podium a total of four times, with a second place at Donington Park and thirds at Qatar, Malaysia and Valencia. With the main contenders leaving the class, Bautista started the 2005 season as one of the 125cc title favourites.", "It still features the Original engine (Suzuki) from the earlier Apache, with the addition of fuel injection, and a newly designed frame, fuel tank, clock, seat and features twin under seat exhaust. Garrod also designed the Sinnis Encanto 50cc Scooter for Sinnis and the Terrain. Sinnis won the coveted Motorcycle Dealer of the Year Merit Award in 2017, at the British Dealer News Trade show. Voted for by over 1000 UK motorcycle dealers. Sinnis Motorcycles formed in 2006 and opened its first Motorcycle and Scooter shop in Brighton the same year. A partnership was formed with Jinan Qingqi (Suzuki engine manufacturer and partner), and Sinnis released the Apache 125cc and Max 125cc motorcycles in May 2006. The same year Sinnis expanded to bring on a dealer network in the UK, offering motorcycle and scooter dealers the chance to retail both the Sinnis Max and Sinnis Apache as well as 50cc and 125cc Scooters, manufactured by partner factories in China. Sinnis specialise in learner legal 50cc and 125cc machines, but are also known for the Apache 250cc Supermoto. 2019 sees the release of their first 380cc Adventure Bike model - the Terrain T380 In 2007 the Sinnis Apache Supermoto 125cc gained popular notoriety and Sinnis purchased a 3-acre additional site for warehousing and logistics in Laughton, East Sussex. Also in 2007 Sinnis began importing scooters from the Peugeot partner factory in China, and selling through the growing UK dealer network. In 2008 came the release of the Sinnis Blade 125cc, Sinnis Stealth 125cc, Sinnis Eagle and other models into the range - along with bringing on over 50 UK dealers to the Sinnis Dealer Network.", "Her family has connections to motorcycle racing: her father Alfonso Carrasco acted as a mechanic for multi Spanish National Champion and 250cc World Championship rider Jos\u00e9 David de Gea. Carrasco has cited Valentino Rossi and Casey Stoner as the two motorcycle riders she idolises. She was educated at Secondary School Ies Vega del Argos and has combined her studies with her racing career and training. In September 2015, Carrasco enrolled at the Universidad Cat\u00f3lica San Antonio de Murcia to study a law degree. Carrasco began riding a minibike at the age of three after her elder sister was given it but did not use it. Her first competitive race followed in 2001. Carrasco received early career advice from her father and de Gea though racing was initially her hobby. She attained her first junior category success when she was runner-up in the Bancaja Championship in 2005, and placed second in the Madrid and Andalucia 70cc Territorial Championships the year after. In 2007, Carrasco was twelfth in the 70cc Junior World Championship. She focused on the Murcia 80cc and 125cc Championships in 2008 and was runner-up and third respectively. Carrasco became the first woman to win the five-round 125cc Extreme\u00f1o Speed Championship in 2009 and followed with the six-event 125cc Murcia-Pre-GP Championship title, the first female to claim the accolade, along with the two-stroke Castrol Cup. She also placed ninth in the 125cc PreGP World Championship. In 2010, Carrasco was fourth in the 125cc Mediterranean Championship and came fifth in the 125cc Motovast Championship. She began competing in the 125cc category of the FIM CEV International Championship in 2011 after reaching the minimum age in order to become eligible to compete in the series.", "Zimmermann provided him with a ZPH engine which Degner used to finish runner up to Horst Fugner in the 1955 East German 125cc Championship. His racing successes on the ZPH were noted by the MZ team manager, Walter Kaaden, who signed Degner as an engineer/rider for the Zschopau factory, but only after Degner had secured employment for his girl friend Gerda Bastian with the factory. Degner started his employment with MZ on 1 March 1956. Degner raced successfully for the East German manufacturer which used two-stroke engines, for which Kaaden had discovered principles regarding how sound waves and expansion chambers affect engine tuning. In 1957, he won 11 out of 14 125cc races which he contested for the factory, and finished the season as the 1957 East German 125cc road racing national champion. From 1958 the factory entered Degner in all the world Championship races and he scored his first world championship victory at the 1959 125cc Nations Grand Prix at Monza. He ended the season ranked fifth in the 125cc world championship and fourth in the 250cc world championship. A fall in practice at the Isle of Man TT races, the opening round of the 1960 World Championship series damaged his quest for the 125cc World Title, but his second Grand Prix victory at the Belgian Grand Prix meant that he finished third in the 125cc world championship. After the Berlin Wall was built in August 1961, Degner arranged the escape of his family from the GDR on the weekend he was racing in the Swedish Grand Prix at Kristianstad. In that race he could have secured the 125cc World Championship for himself and for MZ, but his engine failed early in the race.", "Ten10 Racing that has tied up with the San Marino-based WTR Team for a provisional entry in the 125cc class. The joint venture will be called WTR-Ten10 Racing Team. The team will be field two riders, one Indian (S. Sarath Kumar) and one Italian (Francesco Mauriello). This is the first time that an Indian rider will make it to the MotoGP grid. These developments mark India?s entry onto the global motorcycle motorsport. The country prepares to hold its first motorcycle GP in 2012 at the Jaypee Circuit in Greater Noida. The contract includes a 3-year deal of technical-commercial partnership between the two teams. The team is named \"WTR-Ten10 Racing Team\", a wanted choice aimed at representing the strong cohesion of the partnership: passion for the sport, same principles, ambitions and future growth expectations are the values commonly shared together. Besides entry into the 125cc class, both the teams will continue to race in the upcoming Moto3 class for 2012 and also look at getting into the Moto2 category in due course. Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix is the premier championship of motorcycle road racing and is currently divided into three distinct classes: 125cc, Moto2 and MotoGP. The 125cc class uses a two-stroke engine.125cc machines are restricted to a single cylinder and a minimum weight of 80 kilograms. First instituted in 2005, all riders in the 125cc class can not be older than 28 years or 25 years for new contracted riders participating for the first time and wild. The 125cc class will be replaced in 2012 by the Moto3 class. This class will be restricted to single cylinder 250cc 4-stroke engines with a maximum bore of 81 mm. Ten10's partnership with WTR enables it to gain entry into the MotoGP in the 125cc class."], "answer": {"text": "Grand Prix", "answer_start": 86}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_107882d03e7f4bffa740be77722aac90_1_q#1", "question": "Did he win any races in this bracket?", "rewrite": "Did Simoncelli win any races in 125cc?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["After a successful European 125cc campaign, in August 2002, Simoncelli made his first Grand Prix appearance with Matteoni Racing, replacing Czech rider Jaroslav Hules who stepped up to the 250cc class. Simoncelli, riding an Aprilia bike with the number 37, managed to finish in 27th place in his first race at Brno. In the following race at Estoril, he scored his first championship points by finishing in 13th place. However, he failed to score any points in the next four races and finished the season with three points from six races. He continued with the Matteoni Racing Team for his first full season in 2003. That season, he also started to use the iconic number 58 on his bike. He managed to score points in six races with a best result of fourth at Valencia, the last race of the season. Overall, he scored 31 points and ranked 21st in the final championship standings. In the 2004 season, Simoncelli switched to WorldwideRace team under the name of Rauch Bravo, which also run an Aprilia bike. In the second race of the season at Jerez, Simoncelli recorded his first pole position. In the race, which was held in wet conditions, Simoncelli was in second place when race leader Casey Stoner crashed out with three laps remaining, handing Simoncelli his first victory. However, the victory was his only podium finish for the season. He managed to score points in seven other races with a best result of sixth. He ended in 11th place in the final standings with 79 points. Simoncelli continued to ride for WorldwideRace in 2005, this time under the Nocable.it Race banner. In the opening race at Jerez, he qualified first and then won the race for his second successive win at Jerez.", "Andrew Simoncelli Andrew Simoncelli is an associate professor of Mass communication at Nicholls State University in Thibodaux, Louisiana. He started with the school in 1999 when it began its distance education office. Under his leadership, distance learning grew at Nicholls State from offering correspondence courses to multiple online courses and degrees. Simoncelli formerly worked as a producer for WWL-TV channel 4 in New Orleans, Louisiana. He received his PhD from Louisiana State University in 2005. His dissertation was titled \"Designing Online Instruction for Postsecondary Students with Learning Disabilities.\" Subsequent articles were published in various journals. Simoncelli has also become known as \"Roving Professor\" for his many travels as a teacher, learner, and vacationer. He taught at P\u00f4le Universitaire L\u00e9onard De Vinci in Paris, France in 2011 and 2013 for the school's International Week programming. He has also studied in Italy as part of the Rotary Club's Group Exchange Program. Simoncelli and others spent a month in the Lombardy region of Italy learning about their professions. Simoncelli also maintains a Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube pages under the Roving Professor nom de plume. In 2018, Simoncelli was in Paris when France won the World Cup. His trip was featured in a local paper about residents experiencing the World Cup.", "2011 Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix The 2011 Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix was the last round of the 2011 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 4\u20136 November 2011 at the Circuito Ricardo Tormo. It was the first race after the death of Marco Simoncelli in Sepang. It was the final race for the current formula in the premier (MotoGP) and lightweight classes (now known as Moto3). In the premier class, the 800cc engines would be replaced by 1000cc engines. Honda also would change motorcycles at the end of the season, as the Honda RC212V that d\u00e9buted at the 2007 Qatar Grand Prix would be replaced by the RC213V for the following season. In the lightweight class, the 125cc two-stroke motorcycle formula would be replaced by 250cc four-strokes for 2012. This was also the final race for Suzuki as a factory team until their return in 2015. On Saturday, Stefan Bradl officially became Moto2 World Champion after his only rival, Marc M\u00e1rquez, could not go on the track during the free practices and the qualifying session, because of injuries sustained in Malaysia. Colin Edwards had an injured shoulder and was replaced by 2011 AMA Pro Superbike champion Josh Hayes on the Yamaha Tech 3 and Jorge Lorenzo was replaced for the second time by test-rider Katsuyuki Nakasuga. Loris Capirossi has now retired from motorcycle racing following the race. Although Gresini Racing originally pulled out of the Valencia race after Simoncelli's fatal accident, it was later decided that the team would race. As tribute to Marco Simoncelli, Loris Capirossi, in his final MotoGP race, participated wearing Simoncelli's racing number 58 instead of his usual racing number 65, although on the official reports he was still listed as #65.", "Simoncelli got off to a slow start to the 2010 season, having suffered two preseason testing crashes at Sepang; the second of which cracked his helmet. After finishing eleventh on debut, Simoncelli improved over the rest of the season, finishing 16 of the 18 races in the points en route to eighth place in the championship with 125 points. His best finish was a fourth place in Portugal, missing a podium by 0.06 seconds to Andrea Dovizioso. In the 2011 season, Simoncelli was promoted to ride a factory Honda as part of the Gresini team, whilst Hiroshi Aoyama rode a satellite Honda for the team. Simoncelli was predicted to be the surprise package of the season. He finished fifth in the season opening race in Qatar, before falling from the lead of the wet race at Jerez. He secured his highest starting position to that point of 2nd, before falling on the first lap of the Estoril race. During the French Grand Prix at Le Mans, Simoncelli collided with Dani Pedrosa while they were battling for second. The resulting crash saw Pedrosa break his collarbone and Simoncelli received a ride-through penalty, eventually finishing fifth. Simoncelli initially rejected blame for the crash, claiming he braked no later than normal, and that he left Pedrosa room. Before the next race, however, he accepted that he needed to reflect on his riding style. Simoncelli was required to meet with race direction before the start of the racing weekend at Catalonia. On the track, Simoncelli secured his first MotoGP pole position, 0.016 seconds ahead of Casey Stoner. However, a poor start saw him drop to seventh managing only to recover one position to finish sixth. Simoncelli earned his first podium in the premier class, with a third place in the Czech Republic.", "Tania Simoncelli Tania Simoncelli is Senior Advisor to the Director of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. Prior to that position, she worked for two years as Assistant Director for Forensic Science and Biomedical Innovation within the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. From 2010\u20132013, she worked in the Food and Drug Administration Office of the Commissioner. From 2003\u20132010, Simoncelli worked as the Science Advisor to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), where she advised the organization on emerging developments in science and technology that pose challenges for civil liberties. In December 2013, Simoncelli was named by the journal \"Nature\" as one of \"ten people who mattered this year\" for her work in spearheading the development of the ACLU's successful legal challenge to the patenting of human genes. Simoncelli has spoken, written, and advised on a number of contemporary science policy issues, including personalized medicine, gene patenting, forensic DNA data banks, pesticide testing in humans, and academic freedom. She is co-author with Sheldon Krimsky of \"Genetic Justice: DNA Data Banks, Criminal Investigations, and Civil Liberties\" (Columbia University Press: 2010). Simoncelli received her BA from Cornell University in 1993, majoring in Biology and Society, and her MS degree from University of California, Berkeley's Energy and Resources Group. From 1982 to 2013, the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) accepted patents on isolated DNA sequences as a composition of matter. Simoncelli has stated that this became a \"significant barrier to biomedical discovery and innovation.\" From 2005 to 2009, Simoncelli, as the American Civil Liberties Union's science advisor, worked with ACLU lawyer Chris Hansen to file a case against Salt Lake City-based Myriad Genetics."], "answer": {"text": "He ended in 11th place in the final standings with 79 points.", "answer_start": 1418}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was 125cc?", "answer": {"text": "Grand Prix", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_107882d03e7f4bffa740be77722aac90_1_q#2", "question": "What was his best finish?", "rewrite": "What was Simoncelli's best finish?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After a successful European 125cc campaign, in August 2002, Simoncelli made his first Grand Prix appearance with Matteoni Racing, replacing Czech rider Jaroslav Hules who stepped up to the 250cc class. Simoncelli, riding an Aprilia bike with the number 37, managed to finish in 27th place in his first race at Brno. In the following race at Estoril, he scored his first championship points by finishing in 13th place. However, he failed to score any points in the next four races and finished the season with three points from six races. He continued with the Matteoni Racing Team for his first full season in 2003. That season, he also started to use the iconic number 58 on his bike. He managed to score points in six races with a best result of fourth at Valencia, the last race of the season. Overall, he scored 31 points and ranked 21st in the final championship standings. In the 2004 season, Simoncelli switched to WorldwideRace team under the name of Rauch Bravo, which also run an Aprilia bike. In the second race of the season at Jerez, Simoncelli recorded his first pole position. In the race, which was held in wet conditions, Simoncelli was in second place when race leader Casey Stoner crashed out with three laps remaining, handing Simoncelli his first victory. However, the victory was his only podium finish for the season. He managed to score points in seven other races with a best result of sixth. He ended in 11th place in the final standings with 79 points. Simoncelli continued to ride for WorldwideRace in 2005, this time under the Nocable.it Race banner. In the opening race at Jerez, he qualified first and then won the race for his second successive win at Jerez.", "On 23 October 2011, Simoncelli was involved in a collision with American rider Colin Edwards and fellow Italian Valentino Rossi during the Malaysian Grand Prix at the Sepang International Circuit. In fourth position during lap two, Simoncelli's bike lost traction in Turn 11 and it started to slide towards the gravel, but the tires regained traction and his bike suddenly veered across the track into the path of Edwards and Rossi, with Simoncelli hanging down on the right side. Simoncelli was struck in the lower body by Edwards and in the head by Rossi, in the course of which Simoncelli lost his helmet and Edwards was catapulted from his bike. The race was immediately red-flagged. Edwards suffered a dislocated shoulder. Simoncelli suffered much more severe injuries and was taken by ambulance to the circuit's medical centre. At 16:56 local time, less than an hour after the accident, it was announced that he had died from his injuries. Later, at a press conference involving members of the MotoGP Race Direction, Medical Director Michele Macchiagodena said that Simoncelli had sustained \"a very serious trauma to the head, to the neck and the chest\", and was administered CPR for 45 minutes. His body was flown home to Italy, accompanied by his father Paolo, his fiancee Kate Fretti, and Valentino Rossi. The family were greeted by Italian Olympic Committee president Giovanni Petrucci, before the body was transported to a theatre in Coriano, Rimini, where it was placed in an open coffin. Fans and visitors were then allowed to pay their respects, in a walk-through memorial that included his 250cc World Championship winning Gilera, plus his 2011 MotoGP Honda.", "Tania Simoncelli Tania Simoncelli is Senior Advisor to the Director of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. Prior to that position, she worked for two years as Assistant Director for Forensic Science and Biomedical Innovation within the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. From 2010\u20132013, she worked in the Food and Drug Administration Office of the Commissioner. From 2003\u20132010, Simoncelli worked as the Science Advisor to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), where she advised the organization on emerging developments in science and technology that pose challenges for civil liberties. In December 2013, Simoncelli was named by the journal \"Nature\" as one of \"ten people who mattered this year\" for her work in spearheading the development of the ACLU's successful legal challenge to the patenting of human genes. Simoncelli has spoken, written, and advised on a number of contemporary science policy issues, including personalized medicine, gene patenting, forensic DNA data banks, pesticide testing in humans, and academic freedom. She is co-author with Sheldon Krimsky of \"Genetic Justice: DNA Data Banks, Criminal Investigations, and Civil Liberties\" (Columbia University Press: 2010). Simoncelli received her BA from Cornell University in 1993, majoring in Biology and Society, and her MS degree from University of California, Berkeley's Energy and Resources Group. From 1982 to 2013, the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) accepted patents on isolated DNA sequences as a composition of matter. Simoncelli has stated that this became a \"significant barrier to biomedical discovery and innovation.\" From 2005 to 2009, Simoncelli, as the American Civil Liberties Union's science advisor, worked with ACLU lawyer Chris Hansen to file a case against Salt Lake City-based Myriad Genetics.", "Andrew Simoncelli Andrew Simoncelli is an associate professor of Mass communication at Nicholls State University in Thibodaux, Louisiana. He started with the school in 1999 when it began its distance education office. Under his leadership, distance learning grew at Nicholls State from offering correspondence courses to multiple online courses and degrees. Simoncelli formerly worked as a producer for WWL-TV channel 4 in New Orleans, Louisiana. He received his PhD from Louisiana State University in 2005. His dissertation was titled \"Designing Online Instruction for Postsecondary Students with Learning Disabilities.\" Subsequent articles were published in various journals. Simoncelli has also become known as \"Roving Professor\" for his many travels as a teacher, learner, and vacationer. He taught at P\u00f4le Universitaire L\u00e9onard De Vinci in Paris, France in 2011 and 2013 for the school's International Week programming. He has also studied in Italy as part of the Rotary Club's Group Exchange Program. Simoncelli and others spent a month in the Lombardy region of Italy learning about their professions. Simoncelli also maintains a Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube pages under the Roving Professor nom de plume. In 2018, Simoncelli was in Paris when France won the World Cup. His trip was featured in a local paper about residents experiencing the World Cup.", "Simoncelli got off to a slow start to the 2010 season, having suffered two preseason testing crashes at Sepang; the second of which cracked his helmet. After finishing eleventh on debut, Simoncelli improved over the rest of the season, finishing 16 of the 18 races in the points en route to eighth place in the championship with 125 points. His best finish was a fourth place in Portugal, missing a podium by 0.06 seconds to Andrea Dovizioso. In the 2011 season, Simoncelli was promoted to ride a factory Honda as part of the Gresini team, whilst Hiroshi Aoyama rode a satellite Honda for the team. Simoncelli was predicted to be the surprise package of the season. He finished fifth in the season opening race in Qatar, before falling from the lead of the wet race at Jerez. He secured his highest starting position to that point of 2nd, before falling on the first lap of the Estoril race. During the French Grand Prix at Le Mans, Simoncelli collided with Dani Pedrosa while they were battling for second. The resulting crash saw Pedrosa break his collarbone and Simoncelli received a ride-through penalty, eventually finishing fifth. Simoncelli initially rejected blame for the crash, claiming he braked no later than normal, and that he left Pedrosa room. Before the next race, however, he accepted that he needed to reflect on his riding style. Simoncelli was required to meet with race direction before the start of the racing weekend at Catalonia. On the track, Simoncelli secured his first MotoGP pole position, 0.016 seconds ahead of Casey Stoner. However, a poor start saw him drop to seventh managing only to recover one position to finish sixth. Simoncelli earned his first podium in the premier class, with a third place in the Czech Republic."], "answer": {"text": "He ended in 11th place in the final standings with 79 points.", "answer_start": 1418}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was 125cc?", "answer": {"text": "Grand Prix", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any races in this bracket?", "answer": {"text": "He ended in 11th place in the final standings with 79 points.", "answer_start": 1418, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_107882d03e7f4bffa740be77722aac90_1_q#3", "question": "Who were his team members?", "rewrite": "Who were Simoncelli's team members?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On 23 October 2011, Simoncelli was involved in a collision with American rider Colin Edwards and fellow Italian Valentino Rossi during the Malaysian Grand Prix at the Sepang International Circuit. In fourth position during lap two, Simoncelli's bike lost traction in Turn 11 and it started to slide towards the gravel, but the tires regained traction and his bike suddenly veered across the track into the path of Edwards and Rossi, with Simoncelli hanging down on the right side. Simoncelli was struck in the lower body by Edwards and in the head by Rossi, in the course of which Simoncelli lost his helmet and Edwards was catapulted from his bike. The race was immediately red-flagged. Edwards suffered a dislocated shoulder. Simoncelli suffered much more severe injuries and was taken by ambulance to the circuit's medical centre. At 16:56 local time, less than an hour after the accident, it was announced that he had died from his injuries. Later, at a press conference involving members of the MotoGP Race Direction, Medical Director Michele Macchiagodena said that Simoncelli had sustained \"a very serious trauma to the head, to the neck and the chest\", and was administered CPR for 45 minutes. His body was flown home to Italy, accompanied by his father Paolo, his fiancee Kate Fretti, and Valentino Rossi. The family were greeted by Italian Olympic Committee president Giovanni Petrucci, before the body was transported to a theatre in Coriano, Rimini, where it was placed in an open coffin. Fans and visitors were then allowed to pay their respects, in a walk-through memorial that included his 250cc World Championship winning Gilera, plus his 2011 MotoGP Honda.", "Tania Simoncelli Tania Simoncelli is Senior Advisor to the Director of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. Prior to that position, she worked for two years as Assistant Director for Forensic Science and Biomedical Innovation within the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. From 2010\u20132013, she worked in the Food and Drug Administration Office of the Commissioner. From 2003\u20132010, Simoncelli worked as the Science Advisor to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), where she advised the organization on emerging developments in science and technology that pose challenges for civil liberties. In December 2013, Simoncelli was named by the journal \"Nature\" as one of \"ten people who mattered this year\" for her work in spearheading the development of the ACLU's successful legal challenge to the patenting of human genes. Simoncelli has spoken, written, and advised on a number of contemporary science policy issues, including personalized medicine, gene patenting, forensic DNA data banks, pesticide testing in humans, and academic freedom. She is co-author with Sheldon Krimsky of \"Genetic Justice: DNA Data Banks, Criminal Investigations, and Civil Liberties\" (Columbia University Press: 2010). Simoncelli received her BA from Cornell University in 1993, majoring in Biology and Society, and her MS degree from University of California, Berkeley's Energy and Resources Group. From 1982 to 2013, the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) accepted patents on isolated DNA sequences as a composition of matter. Simoncelli has stated that this became a \"significant barrier to biomedical discovery and innovation.\" From 2005 to 2009, Simoncelli, as the American Civil Liberties Union's science advisor, worked with ACLU lawyer Chris Hansen to file a case against Salt Lake City-based Myriad Genetics.", "After a successful European 125cc campaign, in August 2002, Simoncelli made his first Grand Prix appearance with Matteoni Racing, replacing Czech rider Jaroslav Hules who stepped up to the 250cc class. Simoncelli, riding an Aprilia bike with the number 37, managed to finish in 27th place in his first race at Brno. In the following race at Estoril, he scored his first championship points by finishing in 13th place. However, he failed to score any points in the next four races and finished the season with three points from six races. He continued with the Matteoni Racing Team for his first full season in 2003. That season, he also started to use the iconic number 58 on his bike. He managed to score points in six races with a best result of fourth at Valencia, the last race of the season. Overall, he scored 31 points and ranked 21st in the final championship standings. In the 2004 season, Simoncelli switched to WorldwideRace team under the name of Rauch Bravo, which also run an Aprilia bike. In the second race of the season at Jerez, Simoncelli recorded his first pole position. In the race, which was held in wet conditions, Simoncelli was in second place when race leader Casey Stoner crashed out with three laps remaining, handing Simoncelli his first victory. However, the victory was his only podium finish for the season. He managed to score points in seven other races with a best result of sixth. He ended in 11th place in the final standings with 79 points. Simoncelli continued to ride for WorldwideRace in 2005, this time under the Nocable.it Race banner. In the opening race at Jerez, he qualified first and then won the race for his second successive win at Jerez.", "Andrew Simoncelli Andrew Simoncelli is an associate professor of Mass communication at Nicholls State University in Thibodaux, Louisiana. He started with the school in 1999 when it began its distance education office. Under his leadership, distance learning grew at Nicholls State from offering correspondence courses to multiple online courses and degrees. Simoncelli formerly worked as a producer for WWL-TV channel 4 in New Orleans, Louisiana. He received his PhD from Louisiana State University in 2005. His dissertation was titled \"Designing Online Instruction for Postsecondary Students with Learning Disabilities.\" Subsequent articles were published in various journals. Simoncelli has also become known as \"Roving Professor\" for his many travels as a teacher, learner, and vacationer. He taught at P\u00f4le Universitaire L\u00e9onard De Vinci in Paris, France in 2011 and 2013 for the school's International Week programming. He has also studied in Italy as part of the Rotary Club's Group Exchange Program. Simoncelli and others spent a month in the Lombardy region of Italy learning about their professions. Simoncelli also maintains a Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube pages under the Roving Professor nom de plume. In 2018, Simoncelli was in Paris when France won the World Cup. His trip was featured in a local paper about residents experiencing the World Cup.", "Simoncelli got off to a slow start to the 2010 season, having suffered two preseason testing crashes at Sepang; the second of which cracked his helmet. After finishing eleventh on debut, Simoncelli improved over the rest of the season, finishing 16 of the 18 races in the points en route to eighth place in the championship with 125 points. His best finish was a fourth place in Portugal, missing a podium by 0.06 seconds to Andrea Dovizioso. In the 2011 season, Simoncelli was promoted to ride a factory Honda as part of the Gresini team, whilst Hiroshi Aoyama rode a satellite Honda for the team. Simoncelli was predicted to be the surprise package of the season. He finished fifth in the season opening race in Qatar, before falling from the lead of the wet race at Jerez. He secured his highest starting position to that point of 2nd, before falling on the first lap of the Estoril race. During the French Grand Prix at Le Mans, Simoncelli collided with Dani Pedrosa while they were battling for second. The resulting crash saw Pedrosa break his collarbone and Simoncelli received a ride-through penalty, eventually finishing fifth. Simoncelli initially rejected blame for the crash, claiming he braked no later than normal, and that he left Pedrosa room. Before the next race, however, he accepted that he needed to reflect on his riding style. Simoncelli was required to meet with race direction before the start of the racing weekend at Catalonia. On the track, Simoncelli secured his first MotoGP pole position, 0.016 seconds ahead of Casey Stoner. However, a poor start saw him drop to seventh managing only to recover one position to finish sixth. Simoncelli earned his first podium in the premier class, with a third place in the Czech Republic."], "answer": {"text": "Matteoni Racing Team", "answer_start": 560}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was 125cc?", "answer": {"text": "Grand Prix", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any races in this bracket?", "answer": {"text": "He ended in 11th place in the final standings with 79 points.", "answer_start": 1418, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his best finish?", "answer": {"text": "He ended in 11th place in the final standings with 79 points.", "answer_start": 1418, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_107882d03e7f4bffa740be77722aac90_1_q#5", "question": "Did they place well in the worldwiderace?", "rewrite": "Did Matteoni Racing Team place well in the worldwiderace?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Chaz Davies Chaz Davies (born 10 February 1987 in Knighton, Powys, Wales), is a British motorcycle racer. He is the 2011 World Supersport champion and also the 2011 BBC Wales Sports Personality of the Year. Davies started racing in the British Mini Moto championship in 1995, moving up to Junior Road racing in 1999. In the same season he was given special dispensation at the age of 12 to take part in the Aprilia Challenge 125cc Championship. Davies finished 6th overall, and was the only rider to finish every race in a points scoring position. He set a new lap record at Donington Park National circuit, and was awarded 'Superteen of the Year'. He stayed with the series for a second year, and was runner up in the championship. In 2001 Davies moved to the British 125 Championship, placing seventh after completing 8 of 13 rounds. Davies was the youngest winner of a British Championship race in July at Thruxton at the age of 14 years 5 months. Davies also contested all rounds of the Spanish National 125 Championship with the Telefonica Movistar team under the management of Alberto Puig. He was nominated for BBC \"\"Young Sports Personality of the Year.\" \" In 2002 management company Dorna Sports placed Chaz with Team Matteoni Racing to compete in the 125cc Grand Prix World Championship riding a kit Aprilia. Davies became the youngest rider to compete in a full season of GP Motorcycle racing. From 2003, Davies rode for Aprilia Germany on the back of the consistent performance in his 125cc 'Rookie' season. In 2003 he became the youngest rider to score World Championship points in the 250cc class finishing 15th place in the Gauloises Africa's Grand Prix.", "Deltec Racing Team Deltec Racing Team is based in Cape Town, South Africa. The team is owned by Marius van Wyk. Deltec Racing was founded in 2005. Between 2006 and 2016, Deltec Racing Team has enjoyed various successes in online virtual racing. Mostly noted are the successful run in the online Formula SimRacing League between 2006 and 2008. Deltec Racing Team has its roots in 2004 with the late Antonio Racing Team. In 2005 Deltec Racing Team joined the Formula SimRacing League. As a 1st time rookie, Marius finished 2nd in the Pro75 FSR Offline World Series. We continued with FSR in 2006, having 2 teams in the field. Also in 2006, we were approached by Armaroli Simulators Brazil to be the seat holder for Team South Africa in the Armaroli ASRWC Series. Together with Zaahir Essa and Craig Hattingh, Team South Africa finished 2nd in the ASRWC Series. 2007 saw the best result for Deltec Racing Team and Deltec Springbok Racing Team in Formula SimRacing League with a 4th and 8th place Team Championship finish. Riaan van der Westhuizen, Ken Hunter & Hendrich van Rensburg were amongst the drivers. 2014 Deltec Racing joined the prestigious GPVWC League in the World Sports Series, using the Porsche Flat6 GT cars. Deltec Racing showed great courage to finish the 24hour Le Mans Event! \"We finished the magical 300 laps of Le Mans!\" In 2015 Deltec Racing Team entered into the 2015 GPVWC Formula Challenge Series. This is an exciting year as we have grown from 2014. We also secured the driver services of Stephane Rouault and Adam Ozgur. Denis Mitchell started the 2015 campaign until the Hungarian Grand Prix. Stephane Rouault replaced Denis from the Belgian Grand Prix till end of the season.", "Ivan Matteoni Ivan Matteoni (born 21 August 1971) is a retired Sammarinese footballer who played as a midfielder. Ivan made 44 caps with the San Marino national football team from 1990 to 2003. He played the last match of his international career against Sweden on 6 September 2003.", "After a successful European 125cc campaign, in August 2002, Simoncelli made his first Grand Prix appearance with Matteoni Racing, replacing Czech rider Jaroslav Hules who stepped up to the 250cc class. Simoncelli, riding an Aprilia bike with the number 37, managed to finish in 27th place in his first race at Brno. In the following race at Estoril, he scored his first championship points by finishing in 13th place. However, he failed to score any points in the next four races and finished the season with three points from six races. He continued with the Matteoni Racing Team for his first full season in 2003. That season, he also started to use the iconic number 58 on his bike. He managed to score points in six races with a best result of fourth at Valencia, the last race of the season. Overall, he scored 31 points and ranked 21st in the final championship standings. In the 2004 season, Simoncelli switched to WorldwideRace team under the name of Rauch Bravo, which also run an Aprilia bike. In the second race of the season at Jerez, Simoncelli recorded his first pole position. In the race, which was held in wet conditions, Simoncelli was in second place when race leader Casey Stoner crashed out with three laps remaining, handing Simoncelli his first victory. However, the victory was his only podium finish for the season. He managed to score points in seven other races with a best result of sixth. He ended in 11th place in the final standings with 79 points. Simoncelli continued to ride for WorldwideRace in 2005, this time under the Nocable.it Race banner. In the opening race at Jerez, he qualified first and then won the race for his second successive win at Jerez.", "However, West rode the KTM to a podium place on debut, placing second in the rain soaked British Grand Prix at Donington Park. Early in the 2007 season, he rode in the 250cc World Championship on a semi-factory, LE Aprilia run by Matteoni Racing. A disappointing start to the season saw West unable to match the times he set on the Kiefer Bos bike in 2006, with a best result of ninth after the fourth round of seventeen, leading him to quit the team. However, West enjoyed more success when, at the Monza round of the 2007 World Supersport Championship, he rode through the field from 18th on the grid to finish 3rd, while substituting for injured compatriot Kevin Curtain on his first visit to the track, on his first race aboard the Yamaha. Then, in the following World Supersport round at the historic Silverstone circuit, West secured victory in a wet race. He repeated this feat again at Misano. He finished the championship in ninth place, despite only contesting three of the thirteen rounds. Following the retirement of Olivier Jacque in June 2007, West was offered the position to race with the Kawasaki Racing Team in MotoGP and aboard the Ninja ZX-RR for the remainder of the season, buying out his contract with Yamaha. He made a good debut at the British Grand Prix, reaching fourth position, but then crashing and eventually finishing 11th. His first four races each saw him finish progressively higher, with seventh at Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca and eighth at the Sachsenring. He was seventh again in the wet at Motegi, but could have been even higher. Starting 6th, he jumped the start fractionally \u2013 by the time the ride-through penalty was handed out, he was leading the race."], "answer": {"text": "Simoncelli finished on the podium on five other occasions.", "answer_start": 48}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was 125cc?", "answer": {"text": "Grand Prix", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any races in this bracket?", "answer": {"text": "He ended in 11th place in the final standings with 79 points.", "answer_start": 1418, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his best finish?", "answer": {"text": "He ended in 11th place in the final standings with 79 points.", "answer_start": 1418, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his team members?", "answer": {"text": "Matteoni Racing Team", "answer_start": 560, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the team race in other events?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_107882d03e7f4bffa740be77722aac90_1_q#6", "question": "Which was his best finish?", "rewrite": "Which was Simoncelli's best finish?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Simoncelli got off to a slow start to the 2010 season, having suffered two preseason testing crashes at Sepang; the second of which cracked his helmet. After finishing eleventh on debut, Simoncelli improved over the rest of the season, finishing 16 of the 18 races in the points en route to eighth place in the championship with 125 points. His best finish was a fourth place in Portugal, missing a podium by 0.06 seconds to Andrea Dovizioso. In the 2011 season, Simoncelli was promoted to ride a factory Honda as part of the Gresini team, whilst Hiroshi Aoyama rode a satellite Honda for the team. Simoncelli was predicted to be the surprise package of the season. He finished fifth in the season opening race in Qatar, before falling from the lead of the wet race at Jerez. He secured his highest starting position to that point of 2nd, before falling on the first lap of the Estoril race. During the French Grand Prix at Le Mans, Simoncelli collided with Dani Pedrosa while they were battling for second. The resulting crash saw Pedrosa break his collarbone and Simoncelli received a ride-through penalty, eventually finishing fifth. Simoncelli initially rejected blame for the crash, claiming he braked no later than normal, and that he left Pedrosa room. Before the next race, however, he accepted that he needed to reflect on his riding style. Simoncelli was required to meet with race direction before the start of the racing weekend at Catalonia. On the track, Simoncelli secured his first MotoGP pole position, 0.016 seconds ahead of Casey Stoner. However, a poor start saw him drop to seventh managing only to recover one position to finish sixth. Simoncelli earned his first podium in the premier class, with a third place in the Czech Republic.", "Tania Simoncelli Tania Simoncelli is Senior Advisor to the Director of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. Prior to that position, she worked for two years as Assistant Director for Forensic Science and Biomedical Innovation within the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. From 2010\u20132013, she worked in the Food and Drug Administration Office of the Commissioner. From 2003\u20132010, Simoncelli worked as the Science Advisor to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), where she advised the organization on emerging developments in science and technology that pose challenges for civil liberties. In December 2013, Simoncelli was named by the journal \"Nature\" as one of \"ten people who mattered this year\" for her work in spearheading the development of the ACLU's successful legal challenge to the patenting of human genes. Simoncelli has spoken, written, and advised on a number of contemporary science policy issues, including personalized medicine, gene patenting, forensic DNA data banks, pesticide testing in humans, and academic freedom. She is co-author with Sheldon Krimsky of \"Genetic Justice: DNA Data Banks, Criminal Investigations, and Civil Liberties\" (Columbia University Press: 2010). Simoncelli received her BA from Cornell University in 1993, majoring in Biology and Society, and her MS degree from University of California, Berkeley's Energy and Resources Group. From 1982 to 2013, the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) accepted patents on isolated DNA sequences as a composition of matter. Simoncelli has stated that this became a \"significant barrier to biomedical discovery and innovation.\" From 2005 to 2009, Simoncelli, as the American Civil Liberties Union's science advisor, worked with ACLU lawyer Chris Hansen to file a case against Salt Lake City-based Myriad Genetics.", "On 23 October 2011, Simoncelli was involved in a collision with American rider Colin Edwards and fellow Italian Valentino Rossi during the Malaysian Grand Prix at the Sepang International Circuit. In fourth position during lap two, Simoncelli's bike lost traction in Turn 11 and it started to slide towards the gravel, but the tires regained traction and his bike suddenly veered across the track into the path of Edwards and Rossi, with Simoncelli hanging down on the right side. Simoncelli was struck in the lower body by Edwards and in the head by Rossi, in the course of which Simoncelli lost his helmet and Edwards was catapulted from his bike. The race was immediately red-flagged. Edwards suffered a dislocated shoulder. Simoncelli suffered much more severe injuries and was taken by ambulance to the circuit's medical centre. At 16:56 local time, less than an hour after the accident, it was announced that he had died from his injuries. Later, at a press conference involving members of the MotoGP Race Direction, Medical Director Michele Macchiagodena said that Simoncelli had sustained \"a very serious trauma to the head, to the neck and the chest\", and was administered CPR for 45 minutes. His body was flown home to Italy, accompanied by his father Paolo, his fiancee Kate Fretti, and Valentino Rossi. The family were greeted by Italian Olympic Committee president Giovanni Petrucci, before the body was transported to a theatre in Coriano, Rimini, where it was placed in an open coffin. Fans and visitors were then allowed to pay their respects, in a walk-through memorial that included his 250cc World Championship winning Gilera, plus his 2011 MotoGP Honda.", "Andrew Simoncelli Andrew Simoncelli is an associate professor of Mass communication at Nicholls State University in Thibodaux, Louisiana. He started with the school in 1999 when it began its distance education office. Under his leadership, distance learning grew at Nicholls State from offering correspondence courses to multiple online courses and degrees. Simoncelli formerly worked as a producer for WWL-TV channel 4 in New Orleans, Louisiana. He received his PhD from Louisiana State University in 2005. His dissertation was titled \"Designing Online Instruction for Postsecondary Students with Learning Disabilities.\" Subsequent articles were published in various journals. Simoncelli has also become known as \"Roving Professor\" for his many travels as a teacher, learner, and vacationer. He taught at P\u00f4le Universitaire L\u00e9onard De Vinci in Paris, France in 2011 and 2013 for the school's International Week programming. He has also studied in Italy as part of the Rotary Club's Group Exchange Program. Simoncelli and others spent a month in the Lombardy region of Italy learning about their professions. Simoncelli also maintains a Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube pages under the Roving Professor nom de plume. In 2018, Simoncelli was in Paris when France won the World Cup. His trip was featured in a local paper about residents experiencing the World Cup.", "After a successful European 125cc campaign, in August 2002, Simoncelli made his first Grand Prix appearance with Matteoni Racing, replacing Czech rider Jaroslav Hules who stepped up to the 250cc class. Simoncelli, riding an Aprilia bike with the number 37, managed to finish in 27th place in his first race at Brno. In the following race at Estoril, he scored his first championship points by finishing in 13th place. However, he failed to score any points in the next four races and finished the season with three points from six races. He continued with the Matteoni Racing Team for his first full season in 2003. That season, he also started to use the iconic number 58 on his bike. He managed to score points in six races with a best result of fourth at Valencia, the last race of the season. Overall, he scored 31 points and ranked 21st in the final championship standings. In the 2004 season, Simoncelli switched to WorldwideRace team under the name of Rauch Bravo, which also run an Aprilia bike. In the second race of the season at Jerez, Simoncelli recorded his first pole position. In the race, which was held in wet conditions, Simoncelli was in second place when race leader Casey Stoner crashed out with three laps remaining, handing Simoncelli his first victory. However, the victory was his only podium finish for the season. He managed to score points in seven other races with a best result of sixth. He ended in 11th place in the final standings with 79 points. Simoncelli continued to ride for WorldwideRace in 2005, this time under the Nocable.it Race banner. In the opening race at Jerez, he qualified first and then won the race for his second successive win at Jerez."], "answer": {"text": "He ended in 11th place in the final standings with 79 points.", "answer_start": 1418}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was 125cc?", "answer": {"text": "Grand Prix", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any races in this bracket?", "answer": {"text": "He ended in 11th place in the final standings with 79 points.", "answer_start": 1418, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his best finish?", "answer": {"text": "He ended in 11th place in the final standings with 79 points.", "answer_start": 1418, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his team members?", "answer": {"text": "Matteoni Racing Team", "answer_start": 560, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the team race in other events?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they place well in the worldwiderace?", "answer": {"text": "Simoncelli finished on the podium on five other occasions.", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_107882d03e7f4bffa740be77722aac90_1_q#7", "question": "Is there anything else interesting about his time in the 250cc bracket?", "rewrite": "In addition to Simoncelli finishing on the podium on five other occasions is there anything else interesting about the 250cc bracket?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On 23 October 2011, Simoncelli was involved in a collision with American rider Colin Edwards and fellow Italian Valentino Rossi during the Malaysian Grand Prix at the Sepang International Circuit. In fourth position during lap two, Simoncelli's bike lost traction in Turn 11 and it started to slide towards the gravel, but the tires regained traction and his bike suddenly veered across the track into the path of Edwards and Rossi, with Simoncelli hanging down on the right side. Simoncelli was struck in the lower body by Edwards and in the head by Rossi, in the course of which Simoncelli lost his helmet and Edwards was catapulted from his bike. The race was immediately red-flagged. Edwards suffered a dislocated shoulder. Simoncelli suffered much more severe injuries and was taken by ambulance to the circuit's medical centre. At 16:56 local time, less than an hour after the accident, it was announced that he had died from his injuries. Later, at a press conference involving members of the MotoGP Race Direction, Medical Director Michele Macchiagodena said that Simoncelli had sustained \"a very serious trauma to the head, to the neck and the chest\", and was administered CPR for 45 minutes. His body was flown home to Italy, accompanied by his father Paolo, his fiancee Kate Fretti, and Valentino Rossi. The family were greeted by Italian Olympic Committee president Giovanni Petrucci, before the body was transported to a theatre in Coriano, Rimini, where it was placed in an open coffin. Fans and visitors were then allowed to pay their respects, in a walk-through memorial that included his 250cc World Championship winning Gilera, plus his 2011 MotoGP Honda.", "Simoncelli got off to a slow start to the 2010 season, having suffered two preseason testing crashes at Sepang; the second of which cracked his helmet. After finishing eleventh on debut, Simoncelli improved over the rest of the season, finishing 16 of the 18 races in the points en route to eighth place in the championship with 125 points. His best finish was a fourth place in Portugal, missing a podium by 0.06 seconds to Andrea Dovizioso. In the 2011 season, Simoncelli was promoted to ride a factory Honda as part of the Gresini team, whilst Hiroshi Aoyama rode a satellite Honda for the team. Simoncelli was predicted to be the surprise package of the season. He finished fifth in the season opening race in Qatar, before falling from the lead of the wet race at Jerez. He secured his highest starting position to that point of 2nd, before falling on the first lap of the Estoril race. During the French Grand Prix at Le Mans, Simoncelli collided with Dani Pedrosa while they were battling for second. The resulting crash saw Pedrosa break his collarbone and Simoncelli received a ride-through penalty, eventually finishing fifth. Simoncelli initially rejected blame for the crash, claiming he braked no later than normal, and that he left Pedrosa room. Before the next race, however, he accepted that he needed to reflect on his riding style. Simoncelli was required to meet with race direction before the start of the racing weekend at Catalonia. On the track, Simoncelli secured his first MotoGP pole position, 0.016 seconds ahead of Casey Stoner. However, a poor start saw him drop to seventh managing only to recover one position to finish sixth. Simoncelli earned his first podium in the premier class, with a third place in the Czech Republic.", "Tania Simoncelli Tania Simoncelli is Senior Advisor to the Director of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. Prior to that position, she worked for two years as Assistant Director for Forensic Science and Biomedical Innovation within the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. From 2010\u20132013, she worked in the Food and Drug Administration Office of the Commissioner. From 2003\u20132010, Simoncelli worked as the Science Advisor to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), where she advised the organization on emerging developments in science and technology that pose challenges for civil liberties. In December 2013, Simoncelli was named by the journal \"Nature\" as one of \"ten people who mattered this year\" for her work in spearheading the development of the ACLU's successful legal challenge to the patenting of human genes. Simoncelli has spoken, written, and advised on a number of contemporary science policy issues, including personalized medicine, gene patenting, forensic DNA data banks, pesticide testing in humans, and academic freedom. She is co-author with Sheldon Krimsky of \"Genetic Justice: DNA Data Banks, Criminal Investigations, and Civil Liberties\" (Columbia University Press: 2010). Simoncelli received her BA from Cornell University in 1993, majoring in Biology and Society, and her MS degree from University of California, Berkeley's Energy and Resources Group. From 1982 to 2013, the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) accepted patents on isolated DNA sequences as a composition of matter. Simoncelli has stated that this became a \"significant barrier to biomedical discovery and innovation.\" From 2005 to 2009, Simoncelli, as the American Civil Liberties Union's science advisor, worked with ACLU lawyer Chris Hansen to file a case against Salt Lake City-based Myriad Genetics.", "A second 250cc victory came in Estoril on 16 September in the Portuguese Grand Prix, where \u2013 having started from sixth on the grid - he dropped to 12th during the first lap to carve his way through the field and eventually take an easy win. He finally ended the 2007 season fourth overall in the Championship and was subsequently awarded the MotoGP / FIM \"Rookie of the Year\" Award for the 250cc class. Having been tipped as the 2008 250cc champion, he finished 6th in the season opener in Qatar. At Jerez he looked set to win before his engine gave out on the final lap causing Marco Simoncelli to hit his bike and both riders to crash out, subsequently handing Mika Kallio the win. Bautista finally took his first win of the season at Estoril before he crashed out of the lead in China and Italy, while only finishing 14th in Le Mans. In Bautista's home race at the Catalunya circuit he dominated the qualifying sessions, took pole position and led the race from the start, but an error while switching gears in the last lap gave Marco Simoncelli the chance to pass him and left him unable to fight back before the finish line. The British round at Donington marked his fourth pole of the season. In another fight with Simoncelli, Bautista missed the top spot again after an overly optimistic passing manoeuver by Simoncelli in the penultimate lap, which caused both riders to go wide and allowed Mika Kallio to pass them and snatch the win again. A second win came at Assen, despite a bad start from pole position leaving him 8th at the end of lap 1. He added two more wins at San Marino and Malaysia and his string of ten podium finishes after the abysmal start to the year eventually saw him end the season in second place behind Simoncelli.", "After a successful European 125cc campaign, in August 2002, Simoncelli made his first Grand Prix appearance with Matteoni Racing, replacing Czech rider Jaroslav Hules who stepped up to the 250cc class. Simoncelli, riding an Aprilia bike with the number 37, managed to finish in 27th place in his first race at Brno. In the following race at Estoril, he scored his first championship points by finishing in 13th place. However, he failed to score any points in the next four races and finished the season with three points from six races. He continued with the Matteoni Racing Team for his first full season in 2003. That season, he also started to use the iconic number 58 on his bike. He managed to score points in six races with a best result of fourth at Valencia, the last race of the season. Overall, he scored 31 points and ranked 21st in the final championship standings. In the 2004 season, Simoncelli switched to WorldwideRace team under the name of Rauch Bravo, which also run an Aprilia bike. In the second race of the season at Jerez, Simoncelli recorded his first pole position. In the race, which was held in wet conditions, Simoncelli was in second place when race leader Casey Stoner crashed out with three laps remaining, handing Simoncelli his first victory. However, the victory was his only podium finish for the season. He managed to score points in seven other races with a best result of sixth. He ended in 11th place in the final standings with 79 points. Simoncelli continued to ride for WorldwideRace in 2005, this time under the Nocable.it Race banner. In the opening race at Jerez, he qualified first and then won the race for his second successive win at Jerez."], "answer": {"text": "replacing Czech rider Jaroslav Hules who stepped up to the 250cc class.", "answer_start": 130}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was 125cc?", "answer": {"text": "Grand Prix", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any races in this bracket?", "answer": {"text": "He ended in 11th place in the final standings with 79 points.", "answer_start": 1418, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his best finish?", "answer": {"text": "He ended in 11th place in the final standings with 79 points.", "answer_start": 1418, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his team members?", "answer": {"text": "Matteoni Racing Team", "answer_start": 560, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the team race in other events?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they place well in the worldwiderace?", "answer": {"text": "Simoncelli finished on the podium on five other occasions.", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Which was his best finish?", "answer": {"text": "He ended in 11th place in the final standings with 79 points.", "answer_start": 1418, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fa3b87ef28ad4c8ebd4cda7534fd22ca_1_q#0", "question": "When was fearless released?", "rewrite": "When was fearless released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Fearless (Taylor Swift song) \"Fearless\" is a pop rock song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song was written by Swift, Liz Rose and Hillary Lindsey, and produced by Swift and Nathan Chapman. \" Fearless\" was released on January 3, 2010 by Big Machine Records as the fifth and final single from Swift's second studio album of the same name (2008). Swift composed the song while traveling on tour to promote her self-titled debut studio album (2006). She wrote \"Fearless\" in regard to the fearlessness of falling in love and eventually titled her second studio album after the song. Musically, it contains qualities commonly found in pop rock music and, lyrically, is about a perfect first date. \"Fearless\" received acclaim from contemporary critics, many of whom complimented it for appealing to different age groups. In the United States, \"Fearless\" debuted and peaked at number 9 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and it was the first single to be certified gold by the RIAA before it was officially released as a single. \" Fearless\" also entered charts in Canada and Spain. Swift performed the song in various venues, some of which were included on the Fearless Tour (2009\u201310). Footage from the Fearless Tour performances were used to comprise a music video for \"Fearless\", directed by Todd Cassetty. The video features both footage of the tour itself and backstage. \"Fearless\" was written by Swift in collaboration with Liz Rose and Hillary Lindsey and produced by Nathan Chapman alongside Swift. Swift conceived the song while touring as opening act in order to promote her eponymous debut album, \"Taylor Swift\" (2006). While writing the song, she was not dating anyone or \"even in the beginning stages of dating anybody. \"", "Punk Goes Pop 5\" was released on November 6, 2012. On January 1, 2014, Fearless Records released a video on their page on YouTube announcing bands that will be releasing albums in 2014 and also announced Fearless Records' compilation of Punk Goes 90's 2. In 2005, Fearless Records released the studio album \"All That We Needed\" by Plain White T's, a thirteen-song collection that proved to be a breakthrough for both the label and the Illinois-based band. \"Hey There Delilah,\" a single from that album, reached No. 1 on \"Billboard\" Hot 100, became a success for the label and was certified as a multi-platinum single. On November 8, 2010, Fearless announced the release of a Christmas-themed compilation album, titled 'Tis the Season to Be Fearless. It would feature eight of their signed artists recording original songs. The album was available for pre-ordering on iTunes the same day, and was released on November 22, 2010. three years later, Fearless Records released Punk Goes Christmas featuring original & cover tracks from All Time Low, ISSUES, New Found Glory, and more. In 2011, Fearless Records released Breathe Carolina's album \" Hell Is What You Make It\". \"Blackout,\" a single from the album, became another success for the label. It debuted at No. 32 on \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and was certified as a gold single. In October 2012, Fearless Records announced that they had launched a sister label called \"Old Friends Records,\" which would sign more indie rock artists including Hellogoodbye. In November 2013, Fearless Records announced a second imprint label called \"Outerloop Records,\" along with their first signing Ice Nine Kills. The label with a back catalog of about 150 albums was acquired by Concord Bicycle Music in May 2015 for an estimated $10,000,000.", "She wrote the song after she analyzed the ideology of what was the best first date. While developing \"Fearless\", Swift explained the writing process, stating, \"I think sometimes when you\u2019re writing love songs, you don\u2019t write them about what you\u2019re going through at the moment, you write about what you wish you had. \" The song was composed with two concepts in mind. Swift described the song's primary concept to be about \"the fearlessness of falling in love\", and \"no matter how many times you get hurt, you will always fall in love again. \" The second, is about the best first date, which Swift stated she hadn't experienced at the time of writing \"Fearless\". After completing the song, Swift deeply deliberated her personal definition of the word \"fearless\". To her, \"fearless doesn't mean you're completely unafraid and it doesn't mean that you're bulletproof. It means that you have a lot of fears, but you jump anyway. \" That influenced her to title the album \"Fearless\". The song was first released as a promotional single from the album on October 14, 2008 as part of Countdown to \"Fearless\" an exclusive campaign by the iTunes Store; it was later released as the fifth and final single from \"Fearless\" on January 4, 2010. \"Fearless\" is four minutes and one second in length. Alexis Petridis of \"The Guardian\" described the song's genre as a \"kind of orthodontically perfect pop rock\". He said the most country part of the song was a lyric that referenced a \"one horse town\". The song is set in common time and has a moderate tempo of 100 beats per minute. It is written in the key of F major and Swift's vocals span two octaves, from F3 to C5.", "Magic Bullets Magic Bullets was a United States pop band from San Francisco, California. Magic Bullets formed in San Francisco, California in 2004 with musicians primarily hailing from the Bay area who had spent most of their musically formative years playing with or alongside one another in various punk rock outfits. Vocalist Philip Benson and guitarist and primary songwriter Cunningham first met in 2000 and later played together in The Cosmos (a musical project of Cunningham's which released a split 7\" on England's Becalmed Records with soon-to-be Words On Music artist Lorna in 2001). After a few years Cunningham and Benson called upon friends Colin Dobrin (drums), Matthew Kallman (Future Girls) (keys) and Nathan Sweatt (bass guitar) to form a new band to play music inspired by their favorite artists \u2014 drawing from the likes of Orange Juice, The Sound, and The Feelies, to name a few. After developing an agreeable repertoire, and with the welcomed addition of long-time friend and musical collaborator and guitarist Ryan Lynch (Former Cosmos/Future Dominant Legs/Girls), Magic Bullets set out to play scores of shows in the winter of 2004/2005. In October 2005 the sextet had their first recording session of material to be included on their debut at Atomic Garden in East Palo Alto, California. In June 2006 Magic Bullets recorded six additional songs at House of Faith in Oakland with Bart Thurber, and a few more songs recorded by Lev Perrey at The Emergency Room. Perrey mixed the album in the Summer of 2006. In early 2007 the band released their debut, an album's worth of recordings collected over the span of the three years since the band's conception. Their first full length \u201cA Child But In Life Yet A Doctor In Love\u201d was released on Minneapolis\u2019 Words on Music.", "ng diwa (ng diwa) May abo pula't bughaw Puti't maroon ang sa akin At saan man magsitungo Kahit sa iba mang dako Aral niya ay isaisip Sa Diyos bansa't lahi (bansa't lahi) Repeat Chorus Coda Philippine Women's University I Let others sing their Praises Of their Alma Mater fair (Alma Mater) Let Them Ponder on the Graces of their college Great and Rare II But my Heart Beats true Forever for the college I Love Best I Shall Cease to Treasure Never Mem'ries of her in My Breast (In My Breast) Chorus Loyal May we Ever be May We Learn Her Lessons Right Proud May we Ever be of the Philippine Women's University III Other Hues Thrill Other Bosoms Red, Blue and Gray in Others' Sight (Others' Sight) Are the Fairest tints of Bosoms But For Me Maroon and White IV Wherever we may Wander and Wherever we may Roam On Its Message Let Us Ponder Love of Country, God and Home (God and Home) Chorus Loyal May we Ever be May We Learn Her Lessons Right Proud May we Ever be of the Philippine Women's University Coda Philippine Women's University PWU is a member institution of Philippine Association of College and Universities (PACU), Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAASCU), Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities Commission on Accreditation (PACUCOA) as well as the International Association of Universities and the International Association of University Presidents. PWU is active in the Women's National Collegiate Athletics Association (WNCAA) and Women's Collegiate Sports Association (WCSA). The official school moniker is the PWU Patriots. As of 2008: Table Tennis Swimming Basketball Futsal Volleyball Badminton Taekwondo"], "answer": {"text": "Sullivan's debut album Fearless was released on September 23, 2008.", "answer_start": 291}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_fa3b87ef28ad4c8ebd4cda7534fd22ca_1_q#1", "question": "Was it popular?", "rewrite": "Was Fearless popular?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Fearless (Taylor Swift song) \"Fearless\" is a pop rock song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song was written by Swift, Liz Rose and Hillary Lindsey, and produced by Swift and Nathan Chapman. \" Fearless\" was released on January 3, 2010 by Big Machine Records as the fifth and final single from Swift's second studio album of the same name (2008). Swift composed the song while traveling on tour to promote her self-titled debut studio album (2006). She wrote \"Fearless\" in regard to the fearlessness of falling in love and eventually titled her second studio album after the song. Musically, it contains qualities commonly found in pop rock music and, lyrically, is about a perfect first date. \"Fearless\" received acclaim from contemporary critics, many of whom complimented it for appealing to different age groups. In the United States, \"Fearless\" debuted and peaked at number 9 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and it was the first single to be certified gold by the RIAA before it was officially released as a single. \" Fearless\" also entered charts in Canada and Spain. Swift performed the song in various venues, some of which were included on the Fearless Tour (2009\u201310). Footage from the Fearless Tour performances were used to comprise a music video for \"Fearless\", directed by Todd Cassetty. The video features both footage of the tour itself and backstage. \"Fearless\" was written by Swift in collaboration with Liz Rose and Hillary Lindsey and produced by Nathan Chapman alongside Swift. Swift conceived the song while touring as opening act in order to promote her eponymous debut album, \"Taylor Swift\" (2006). While writing the song, she was not dating anyone or \"even in the beginning stages of dating anybody. \"", "Paul O'Shaughnessy (musician) Paul O'Shaughnessy (born 9 June 1961 in Dublin, Ireland) is an Irish fiddler, former member of Irish folk music bands Altan and Beginish. Also a whistle and flute player and an occasional composer, Paul has been playing fiddle since his childhood, and has long been recognised as a leading traditional musician in the city of Dublin. Paul O'Shaughnessy comes from Artane on the north side of Dublin city. He spent much of his youth in Donegal where he developed a love and talent for fiddle playing, learning at first not only from his mother, Pearl McBride (a fiddle player from a musical Donegal family) but also from the playing of Cavan fiddle player Ant\u00f3in Mac Gabhann and from John Doherty. He was also influenced by Sligo flute player John Egan. He was one of a number of outstanding contemporary players who were members of Comhaltas Ceolt\u00f3ir\u00ed \u00c9ireann branches in the area, his playing partner whistle player Denis O'Brien among them. In later years, he spent time in Donegal, learning from source-players such as Con Cassidy and the Campbell family. Paul has been appearing on Irish radio and television since the late 1970s, but became more widely known in the 1990s as a member of the Donegal-based group Altan (1988\u201392) (after he had met and played with founding members Frankie Kennedy & Mair\u00e9ad N\u00ed Mhaonaigh) and as a member of the Dublin-based group Beginish (late 1990s\u2013early 2000s), two Irish folk music bands with whom he toured throughout the world. Paul O'Shaughnessy is to be heard on their recordings and on a wide variety of others, including his solo album \" Stay Another", "Punk Goes Pop 5\" was released on November 6, 2012. On January 1, 2014, Fearless Records released a video on their page on YouTube announcing bands that will be releasing albums in 2014 and also announced Fearless Records' compilation of Punk Goes 90's 2. In 2005, Fearless Records released the studio album \"All That We Needed\" by Plain White T's, a thirteen-song collection that proved to be a breakthrough for both the label and the Illinois-based band. \"Hey There Delilah,\" a single from that album, reached No. 1 on \"Billboard\" Hot 100, became a success for the label and was certified as a multi-platinum single. On November 8, 2010, Fearless announced the release of a Christmas-themed compilation album, titled 'Tis the Season to Be Fearless. It would feature eight of their signed artists recording original songs. The album was available for pre-ordering on iTunes the same day, and was released on November 22, 2010. three years later, Fearless Records released Punk Goes Christmas featuring original & cover tracks from All Time Low, ISSUES, New Found Glory, and more. In 2011, Fearless Records released Breathe Carolina's album \" Hell Is What You Make It\". \"Blackout,\" a single from the album, became another success for the label. It debuted at No. 32 on \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and was certified as a gold single. In October 2012, Fearless Records announced that they had launched a sister label called \"Old Friends Records,\" which would sign more indie rock artists including Hellogoodbye. In November 2013, Fearless Records announced a second imprint label called \"Outerloop Records,\" along with their first signing Ice Nine Kills. The label with a back catalog of about 150 albums was acquired by Concord Bicycle Music in May 2015 for an estimated $10,000,000.", "Fearless Critic Fearless Critic Media is a US publishing house best known for its books \"The Wine Trials\", \"The Beer Trials\", and the Fearless Critic series of restaurant guidebooks to US cities. The publishing house was founded in 2004, merged with Workman in 2008, and currently has eight restaurant guides in print\u2014Austin, Texas, Houston, Texas, Dallas, Texas, San Antonio, Texas, Seattle, Washington, Portland, Oregon, Washington, D.C., and New Haven, Connecticut. In 2014, Fearless Critic launched a new nonfiction imprint whose first title will be the March 2015 hardcover \"Blind Taste: A Defense of Fast Food & Cheap Beer\", by Robin Goldstein, author of \"The Wine Trials\". Fearless Critic books are distributed by IPG. The Fearless Critic restaurant guide series uses a 10-point rating scale (1.0 to 10.0). In 2007, with the Houston guide, the series experimented with a letter grading system (from A+ to D-), but has since moved back to the original 10-point scale. The Fearless Critic restaurant guide series was called \"The Menu\" until 2005. Older titles in the Northeast US still bear \"The Menu\" title. Fearless Critic has incited debate on food boards such as Chowhound over its harsh ratings. Fearless Critic's nonfiction polemic book \"The Wine Trials\", by Robin Goldstein, sparked debate over its claim that non-expert wine drinkers preferred cheap bottles to more expensive bottles in scientific blind tastings. It went on to sell more than 100,000 copies in three editions, becoming the world's bestselling guide to cheap wine.", "International military commanders based in Jordan warned the rebels to leave the weapons alone and hand them over to them in the case they capture the bunker complex or an Israeli airstrike would be called in on the location. The rebels agreed. However, by the next day, rebels were still pushing to take control of Tal Al Jabiyeh. The Amman command centre than halted all weapons supplies to the assaulting forces, apparently in a successful effort to delay their advance on the bunker. Without supplies, the rebels were forced to consolidate their positions around the base and not seek to capture it. Over the next two days, government reinforcements arrived and by 1 March the military managed to push back the rebels. On 26 February, the Syrian Army tried to advance towards the towns of Inkhil and Nawa and reinforced their positions to the south of the village of Al-Nuaimeh the next day, while the rebels tightened the siege they had imposed on Army checkpoints in the area, in an attempt to block reinforcements from reaching government troops. On 11 March, the Syrian Air Force conducted seven airstrikes on rebel-held areas in southern Daraa province, while the district of Daraa Al-Balad was bombarded by the 285th battalion. On 19 March, the rebels took control of the central Gharaz prison in Daraa province after the Syrian Army retreated towards the grain silos. An opposition source stated that 294 prisoners were freed. Other sources stated that about 300 to 400 prisoners were freed and claimed that the vehicle training grounds to the south of the prison and a \u201csecret facility\u201d were also captured by the rebels. After the capture of the prison, the battlefront shifted towards the silos in an attempt by the rebels to take control of them."], "answer": {"text": "Fearless debuted at #1 on the Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums and at #6 on the Billboard 200.", "answer_start": 582}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was fearless released?", "answer": {"text": "Sullivan's debut album Fearless was released on September 23, 2008.", "answer_start": 291, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fa3b87ef28ad4c8ebd4cda7534fd22ca_1_q#2", "question": "What songs were released?", "rewrite": "What songs were released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["New songs are released on Tuesdays for Xbox Live, PlayStation Network, and Nintendo WFC, unless otherwise noted. Dates listed are the initial release of songs on Xbox Live. Starting May 20, 2008, all downloadable songs are available in both the North American and European markets, unless otherwise noted. As of October 2009, over 800 songs have been made available as downloadable content (DLC). As of October 19, 2009, over 60 million downloadable song purchases have been made by players. The following is a list of the songs that have been released in 2012. Some songs released before \"Rock Band 3\" have been retrofitted to include \"Rock Band 3\" features, including backing vocals, and the ability to buy an additional pack for Pro Guitar/Bass charts without having to buy the \"RB3 Version\" of the song. Certain songs have been marked \"family friendly\" by Harmonix; such songs released before \"Rock Band 3\"s launch on October 26, 2010 can be played in \"Lego Rock Band\". Since October 26, 2010 (with The Doors Pack 01), all new songs are only playable in \"Rock Band 3\", due to a change in the file format. All songs released via downloadable content are playable in \"Rock Band 3\", and support its new Pro Drum mode. Most songs released for \"Rock Band 3\" include core features for keyboards, Pro Keyboards, and backing vocals in the core song, where they are appropriate. Additionally, some of these songs features charts for Pro Guitar and Bass that can also be purchased. < includeonly>", "It was released on the Capitol Records label on March 18, 1991, and is a collection of her best known hits during the 1940s. Greatest Hits is a 1993 compilation album of songs recorded by Jo Stafford, issued by Curb Records as catalog number 77619 and by Corinthian Records as catalog number 106. Jonathan and Darlene's Greatest Hits is a 1993 compilation album of songs by Paul Weston and Jo Stafford recarded in the guise of Jonathan and Darlene Edwards, a New Jersey lounge act who performed deliberately off-key, putting their own interpretation on popular songs. The album was released by Corinthian Records on September 11, 1993. Jonathan and Darlene's Greatest Hits: Volume 2 is a 1994 compilation album of songs by Paul Weston and Jo Stafford recarded in the guise of Jonathan and Darlene Edwards, a New Jersey lounge act who performed deliberately off-key, putting their own interpretation on popular songs. The album was released by Corinthian Records on February 22, 1993. The Duets is a 1994 compilation of recordings by Jo Stafford and Frankie Laine. The album was released on the Bear Family label on June 28, 1994, and has 20 tracks. Portrait Edition is a three disc box set compilation album released by Sony Entertainment and featuring songs recorded by American singer Jo Stafford. The album was released by Sony on August 30, 1994. 16 Most Requested Songs is a 1995 compilation album of songs recorded by American female singer Jo Stafford. For You is a 1995 compilation album of songs recorded by American singer Jo Stafford. It was released on the Memoir label on December 12, 1995. Spotlight on Jo Stafford is a 1996 compilation album of songs recorded by American singer Jo Stafford. It was released on January 23, 1996, and appears on both the Capitol and EMI labels. Drifting and Dreaming with Jo Stafford is a 1996 compilation album of songs recorded by American singer Jo Stafford.", "International Hits is a 2001 compilation album of songs recorded by American singer Jo Stafford. It was released on January 1, 2001, by Corinthian Records, the company founded by Stafford and her husband Paul Weston. Cocktail Hour is a 2001 compilation album of songs recorded by American singer Jo Stafford. It was released on January 9, 2001 by the Columbia River Entertainment Group. The Magic of Jo Stafford is a 2001 compilation album of songs recorded by American singer Jo Stafford. It was released on March 13, 2001 on the EMI Gold label. In the United Kingdom this album was released by Music for Pleasure. Jo Stafford on Capitol is a 2001 compilation album of songs recorded by American singer Jo Stafford. It was released on the Collectors' Choice label on June 12, 2001. Old Rugged Cross is a 2001 compilation album of inspirational songs recorded by American singer Jo Stafford and singer and actor Gordon Macrae. Originally released by EMI Records on July 9, 2001, it was re-released in 2011. Best of the War Years is a 2001 compilation album of songs recorded by American singer Jo Stafford. It was released by Stardust Records on July 10, 2001, and features tracks she recorded during the Second World War. Platinum Collection is a 2001 compilation album of songs recorded by American singer Jo Stafford. It was released on the Start label on July 2, 2001. The Two of Us is a 2001 compilation album of songs recorded by American singer Jo Stafford and actor and singer Gordon Macrae. It was released by the Empress Recording Company on September 18, 2001. Yes Indeed is a 2002 compilation album box set of discs featuring songs recorded by American singer Jo Stafford. It was released in the United Kingdom by Proper Records on April 8, 2002. I Remember You is a 2002 compilation album of songs recorded by American singer Jo Stafford. It was released on the Fabulous label on July 23, 2002.", "New songs are released on Tuesdays for Xbox Live, PlayStation Network, and Nintendo WFC, unless otherwise noted. Dates listed are the initial release of songs on Xbox Live. Starting May 20, 2008, all downloadable songs are available in both the North American and European markets, unless otherwise noted. As of October 2009, over 800 songs have been made available as downloadable content (DLC). As of October 19, 2009, over 60 million downloadable song purchases have been made by players. The following is a list of the songs that have been released in 2013. Some songs released before \"Rock Band 3\" have been retrofitted to include \"Rock Band 3\" features, including backing vocals, and the ability to buy an additional pack for Pro Guitar/Bass charts without having to buy the \"RB3 Version\" of the song. Certain songs have been marked \"family friendly\" by Harmonix; such songs released before \"Rock Band 3\"s launch on October 26, 2010 can be played in \"Lego Rock Band\". Since October 26, 2010 (with The Doors Pack 01), all new songs are only playable in \"Rock Band 3\", due to a change in the file format. All songs released via downloadable content are playable in \"Rock Band 3\", and support its new Pro Drum mode. Most songs released for \"Rock Band 3\" include core features for keyboards, Pro Keyboards, and backing vocals in the core song, where they are appropriate. Additionally, some of these songs features charts for Pro Guitar and Bass that can also be purchased. In February 2013, Harmonix announced that it would end the regular weekly release of new Rock Band DLC after April 2, 2013 in order to focus work on new projects.", "Songs of the Bride\", a collection of 144 songs, was published in 1879. In 1890, \"Poems and Hymns of the Millennial Dawn\"\u2014with 151 poems and 333 songs, most of which were well-known compositions\u2014was released and became the group's official hymnal until 1928. This was followed by lyrics for 11 songs appearing in the February 1, 1896 issue of \"The Watchtower\", under the title \"Zion's Glad Songs of the Morning\", written by members of the denomination. A supplement of 81 songs was released in 1900, many written by a single individual, under the title \"Zion's Glad Songs\". Two revised editions of this hymnal were released between 1902 and 1908. In 1905, the 333 songs published in 1890 along with musical notation were released under the title, \"Hymns of the Millennial Dawn\". This book was released in a number of other languages, mainly in a shortened form. In 1925, \"Kingdom Hymns\" was published, with 80 songs intended for children and youths. In 1928 \"Songs of Praise to Jehovah\" was released, which included 337 songs. Following the adoption of the name \"Jehovah's witnesses\" in 1931, the \"Kingdom Service Song Book\" was released in 1944 (and revised in 1948), which included 62 songs. This was followed by the release of \"Songs to Jehovah's Praise\" in 1950, with 91 songs. Some of the music was from hymn tunes of other churches or based on themes from classical music;(for example, Beethoven's Piano Sonata no. 23 in F minor, op. 57 (\"Appassionata\"). Others used relatively new music, some of which is still used. \"Singing and Accompanying Yourselves with Music in Your Hearts\" was released in 1966, with 119 songs."], "answer": {"text": "\"Bust Your Windows", "answer_start": 766}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was fearless released?", "answer": {"text": "Sullivan's debut album Fearless was released on September 23, 2008.", "answer_start": 291, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it popular?", "answer": {"text": "Fearless debuted at #1 on the Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums and at #6 on the Billboard 200.", "answer_start": 582, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fa3b87ef28ad4c8ebd4cda7534fd22ca_1_q#3", "question": "What other songs did they release?", "rewrite": "Besides Bust Your Windows what other songs did Fearless release?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sullivan first appeared on the mainstream music scene with her debut single \"Need U Bad\", released in May 2008. The song, which featured additional vocals by Missy Elliott and Sandy \"Pepa\" Denton of Salt-n-Pepa fame, went to #1 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and peaked at #37 on the Hot 100. Sullivan's debut album Fearless was released on September 23, 2008. She wrote every song and served as the album's executive producer alongside Missy Elliott, Salaam Remi and Peter Edge. The album received production from Elliott, Remi, Stargate, Carvin & Ivan, Jack Splash, and Fisticuffs. Fearless debuted at #1 on the Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums and at #6 on the Billboard 200. Sullivan followed her successful debut single with the release of the second single from Fearless, \"Bust Your Windows\", which reached #4 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and #31 on the Hot 100, becoming her most successful single on that chart to date. \"Bust Your Windows\" appeared on the debut episode of the Fox hit television show Glee and was also nominated for a Grammy for Best R&B Song. In 2014, Stevie Wonder claimed he considered \"Bust Your Windows\" a classic song. \"Lions, Tigers & Bears\" was released as the album's third single in December 2008. It scored her third consecutive top ten on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, reaching #10, and garnered some mainstream success by reaching #74 on the Hot 100. Sullivan later pursued success in the UK when she released \"Dream Big\" as her first official UK single in February 2009, though it failed to chart there. The song was later released as the fourth US single from the album in April 2009, but also failed to chart there.", "White Men Are Black Men Too White Men Are Black Men Too is the second studio album by Scottish hip hop group Young Fathers. It was released on Big Dada on 6 April 2015. \"White Men Are Black Men Too\" received critical acclaim from contemporary music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews and ratings from mainstream critics, the album received a metascore of 83, based on 21 reviews, indicating \"universal acclaim.\" Andy Gill of \"The Independent\" felt that the album \"has less to do, musically, with traditional American hip-hop than it does with a European indie sensibility grounded in krautrock, electropop and avant-rock.\" Lanre Bakare of \"The Guardian\" commented that \"[Young Fathers] manage the rare feat of melding pop and politics into a potent mix, and continue a tradition \u2013 begun by the likes of Smith & Mighty, Tricky and Massive Attack \u2013 of reinterpreting pop, hip-hop and soul through the filter of black British life.\" Writing for \"Exclaim!\", Kyle Mullin called the record \"a perfect storm of influences and talent.\" Jamie Milton of \"DIY\" gave the album 4 stars out of 5, calling it \"Young Fathers' most fearless release yet.\"", "Bust Your Windows \"Bust Your Windows\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Jazmine Sullivan from her debut album \"Fearless\". The song was available as a digital download on Amazon in the U.S. on September 16, 2008. The song was then later released as a promo CD on November 15, 2008, after it was sent to radio stations for airplay around the U.S.. \"Bust Your Windows\" was nominated in the Best R&B Song category for 2009's Grammy Awards. \"Bust Your Windows\" was number 58 on \"Rolling Stone\"s list of the 100 Best Songs of 2008. \"Bust Your Windows\" is a midtempo R&B ballad with a moderate Latin beat and a tango rhythm. It is set in common time with a moderate tempo of 107 beats per minute and is written in the key of F harmonic minor. It follows the chord progression Fm\u2013C\u266f\u2013B\u266dm\u2013 C. Sullivan's vocal range spans from F to E\u266d. Salaam Remi contributes to the song's emotional weight with his maudlin , noir-style string samples taken from \"Bad Man Waltz\". Epinions described the song's composition: \"The musical layers are deceptively intricate, with a unison string/woodwind line that continually evolves throughout the song and a very simple vocal harmony mix that moves into a call and response against Jazmine's pleas. Neither of the facets scream for attention but repeated listens bear out just how well they framed this song.\" The song interpolates the lyric \"Now watch me you\" from Soulja Boy Tell 'Em's signature song \" Crank That (Soulja Boy)\". The song features Jazmine on both lead and backing vocals.", "Punk Goes Pop 5\" was released on November 6, 2012. On January 1, 2014, Fearless Records released a video on their page on YouTube announcing bands that will be releasing albums in 2014 and also announced Fearless Records' compilation of Punk Goes 90's 2. In 2005, Fearless Records released the studio album \"All That We Needed\" by Plain White T's, a thirteen-song collection that proved to be a breakthrough for both the label and the Illinois-based band. \"Hey There Delilah,\" a single from that album, reached No. 1 on \"Billboard\" Hot 100, became a success for the label and was certified as a multi-platinum single. On November 8, 2010, Fearless announced the release of a Christmas-themed compilation album, titled 'Tis the Season to Be Fearless. It would feature eight of their signed artists recording original songs. The album was available for pre-ordering on iTunes the same day, and was released on November 22, 2010. three years later, Fearless Records released Punk Goes Christmas featuring original & cover tracks from All Time Low, ISSUES, New Found Glory, and more. In 2011, Fearless Records released Breathe Carolina's album \" Hell Is What You Make It\". \"Blackout,\" a single from the album, became another success for the label. It debuted at No. 32 on \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and was certified as a gold single. In October 2012, Fearless Records announced that they had launched a sister label called \"Old Friends Records,\" which would sign more indie rock artists including Hellogoodbye. In November 2013, Fearless Records announced a second imprint label called \"Outerloop Records,\" along with their first signing Ice Nine Kills. The label with a back catalog of about 150 albums was acquired by Concord Bicycle Music in May 2015 for an estimated $10,000,000.", "Following its single release, the song re-entered the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at number 94 on the week ending March 13, 2010. Its highest position on the chart while being released as a single was number 76 on the week ending April 10, 2010. The song is one of 13 songs from \"Fearless\" charted within the top 40 of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, breaking the record for the most top 40 entries from a single album. \"Fearless\" spent a total of 15 weeks ascending and descending the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \" Fearless\" also peaked at number ten on the Hot Country Songs, making this her tenth consecutive top ten hit but also her lowest-charting single, and number 18 on the now-defunct Pop 100. The single was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for the purchase of over 500,000 digital downloads on October 12, 2009 before its official release as a single on January 4, 2010 , it therefore became the first single to be released after being certified gold by the RIAA. \" Fearless\" was certified platinum by the RIAA on October 23, 2012, and has sold a million copies in the United States as of November 2017. On the week ending November 29, 2008, \"Fearless\" debuted and peaked at number sixty-nine in Canada, spending a total of five weeks on the chart. The song peaked at number thirty-two in Spain. Swift's first televised performance of \"Fearless\" was on November 10, 2008 on the Late Show with David Letterman. She went on to perform the song on \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\" and Clear Channel Communications's Stripped. Swift performed the song on all venues of her first headlining concert tour, the Fearless Tour, which extended from April 2009 to July 2010."], "answer": {"text": "\"Lions, Tigers & Bears\"", "answer_start": 1138}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was fearless released?", "answer": {"text": "Sullivan's debut album Fearless was released on September 23, 2008.", "answer_start": 291, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it popular?", "answer": {"text": "Fearless debuted at #1 on the Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums and at #6 on the Billboard 200.", "answer_start": 582, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs were released?", "answer": {"text": "\"Bust Your Windows", "answer_start": 766, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0c1a652c281b441e800e70c9322a6f1e_1_q#0", "question": "Who wrote the '03 Bonnie & Clyde song?", "rewrite": "Who wrote the '03 Bonnie & Clyde song?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On a list of the 10 Best Jay-Z Songs, Dean Silfenv of AOL placed \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" at number six. Popjustice listed \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" at number 66 on its list of the best singles of 2003. It was nominated for the Best Collaboration at the 2003 BET Awards, but lost to Snoop Dogg's song \"Beautiful\". In a 2013 list of Jay-Z's 20 Biggest \"Billboard\" Hits, \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was ranked at number 6. Elijah Watson and Erika Ramirez of \"Billboard\" magazine noted that the song proved the couple was \"unstoppable from jump\". \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" reached the top ten on music charts in six European countries. It peaked at number six on the Norway Singles Chart and on the Danish Singles Chart, number eight on the Italian Singles Chart, and topped the Swiss Singles Charts. In Canada, the song peaked at number four and became Jay-Z's highest charting single until it was surpassed by his 2009 Alicia Keys-assisted song \"Empire State of Mind\", which peaked at number three. In the United Kingdom, \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart. At the time, it became his highest charting single in Britain since \"Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)\" achieved the same feat in November 1998. It peaked at number four on the New Zealand Singles Chart, becoming his highest charting single in that territory. The song also became Jay-Z's highest charting single in Australia, where it peaked at number two. \" '03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting shipment of 70,000 copies.", "Senior Vice President of A&R Tina Davis commented on the issue, \"We only had one day to clear the [Tupac Shakur] sample [from 'Me and my Girlfriend'] that was used on '03 Bonnie and Clyde' last year with Jay-Z and Beyonc\u00e9 [Beyonc\u00e9]. We were back and forth with Afeni Shakur all day until we got the clearance. And then it's a hit.\" \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was released on October 10, 2002, as the lead single from Jay-Z's album \"\". Beyonc\u00e9 later included the song as a bonus track on international editions of her 2003 debut solo album \"Dangerously in Love\". In 2003, \"Now That's What I Call Music!\" included \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" as the opening track of the 12th volume of the US release and the fifteenth track of the 54th volume of the UK release. The song's release was the first indication of Jay-Z's and Beyonc\u00e9's romantic status, spawning rumors about a burgeoning relationship. Their relationship was not made public until Jay-Z featured on Beyonc\u00e9's songs \" Crazy In Love\" (2003) and \"D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu\" (2006). The latter's release also marked the debut of the solo career of Beyonc\u00e9, leaving Destiny's Child on hiatus. \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" features drums and live instrumentation such as bass instruments and guitar chords. It also consists of a beat sampled from \"Me and My Girlfriend\". The song was inspired by the 1967 American crime film \"Bonnie and Clyde\" as Jay-Z and Beyonc\u00e9 proclaim themselves as the current version of the criminal duo. Ethan Brown of \"New York\" magazine noted that its patina of flamenco guitar was reminiscent of that in Jay-Z's 2001 collaboration with R. Kelly on \"Fiesta.\"", "'03 Bonnie & Clyde \"03 Bonnie & Clyde\" is a song recorded by American rapper Jay-Z featuring his then-girlfriend, American singer Beyonc\u00e9. It was composed by Shawn Carter, Kanye West, Prince Nelson, Tupac Shakur, Darryl Harper, Ricky Rouse and Tyrone Wrice for Jay-Z's seventh studio album \"\" (2002). The song was released as the album's lead single on October 10, 2002. A West Coast hip hop and R&B song, \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" sampled its beat from American rapper Tupac Shakur's 1996 song \"Me and My Girlfriend\", paraphrasing its chorus, and was inspired by the crime film \"Bonnie and Clyde\". The instrumentation is based on programmed drums, bass instruments, and a flamenco guitar. \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was generally received with favorable reviews by music critics, who complimented the combination of Jay-Z's and Beyonc\u00e9's musical styles, their collaboration and the song's production. The single reached number four on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming Jay-Z's second top ten single and Beyonc\u00e9's first as a solo artist. It charted at number two in the United Kingdom and peaked in the top twenty in other European territories. \" '03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). The accompanying music video was directed by Chris Robinson, and features Jay-Z and Beyonc\u00e9 playing a modern-day version of the 1920s bank robbers Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker. It was nominated for Best Hip-Hop Video at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards. \"", "'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" spawned a feud with American recording artist Toni Braxton, who had also sampled \"Me and My Girlfriend\" in her 2002 song \"Me & My Boyfriend\". She accused West and Jay-Z of stealing the idea of using the song as a sample, which was later denied by both of them. \" 03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was performed by Jay-Z and Beyonc\u00e9 on several television shows and was later included on the set list of their concert performances and tours, most notably on their co-headlining On the Run Tour (2014). \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" marked the first collaboration between rapper Jay-Z and R&B singer Beyonc\u00e9. While listening to Shakur's \"\", producer Kanye West suggested that American rapper Tupac Shakur's song \"Me and My Girlfriend\" would make a good sample to use on Jay-Z's duet with Beyonc\u00e9. West told MTV News that Jay-Z had asked him on the telephone for a duet for him and Beyonc\u00e9: \"We got this joint, it has to be the best beat you ever made.\" He continued: So I went home and called my dog, E Base, who plays a lot of instruments up at Baseline [studio] for me and [producer] Just Blaze. [E] came through. I programmed the drums in 10 minutes, and then he played all the different parts. This version is all live bass, live guitars, [live] chords on it. I brought it to Hov that night , he heard it, he thought of the video treatment before he thought of the rap. He just knew it was gonna be the one. Tensions arose during the conception of \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" over the sampling of \"Me and My Girlfriend\".", "\"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" broke into the top five of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at number four; it became the highest-charting single that references the famous bank robbers Bonnie and Clyde. The record was previously held by Georgie Fame's 1986 single \"The Ballad of Bonnie and Clyde.\" Following the performance of \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" on \"Saturday Night Live\" (\"SNL\") on November 2, 2002, its radio audience increased by 12%, allowing the song to advance into the top ten of the US Hot R&B/ Hip-Hop Songs chart, at number seven. This gave Jay-Z his 12th top 10 single, tying him with rapper P. Diddy, who had the same number of top 10 singles on that chart. \" '03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was his first top 10 since his 2001 single \"Girls, Girls, Girls\". It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting sales of 500,000 copies. The song sold over 1 million copies in US. Chris Robinson directed the song's accompanying music video and filmed in Mexico, during October 2002. June Ambrose was hired as the personal stylist, and Johnathon Schaech and Lance Reddick appear in the video as the police officers on their tail. Jay-Z and Beyonc\u00e9 play a modern-day version of the 1930s bank robbers Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker. The video is loosely based on the American 1993 romance crime film \"True Romance\", which stars Christian Slater and Patricia Arquette as two lovers on the run from cocaine dealers. The choreography used in the clip suggests a relationship beyond screen, as Jay-Z wraps his arm around Beyonc\u00e9 while singing his part of the chorus."], "answer": {"text": "the first collaboration between rapper Jay-Z and R&B singer Beyonce.", "answer_start": 28}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_0c1a652c281b441e800e70c9322a6f1e_1_q#1", "question": "What year was it released?", "rewrite": "What year was '03 Bonnie & Clyde released by Jay-Z and Beyonce?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On a list of the 10 Best Jay-Z Songs, Dean Silfenv of AOL placed \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" at number six. Popjustice listed \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" at number 66 on its list of the best singles of 2003. It was nominated for the Best Collaboration at the 2003 BET Awards, but lost to Snoop Dogg's song \"Beautiful\". In a 2013 list of Jay-Z's 20 Biggest \"Billboard\" Hits, \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was ranked at number 6. Elijah Watson and Erika Ramirez of \"Billboard\" magazine noted that the song proved the couple was \"unstoppable from jump\". \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" reached the top ten on music charts in six European countries. It peaked at number six on the Norway Singles Chart and on the Danish Singles Chart, number eight on the Italian Singles Chart, and topped the Swiss Singles Charts. In Canada, the song peaked at number four and became Jay-Z's highest charting single until it was surpassed by his 2009 Alicia Keys-assisted song \"Empire State of Mind\", which peaked at number three. In the United Kingdom, \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart. At the time, it became his highest charting single in Britain since \"Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)\" achieved the same feat in November 1998. It peaked at number four on the New Zealand Singles Chart, becoming his highest charting single in that territory. The song also became Jay-Z's highest charting single in Australia, where it peaked at number two. \" '03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting shipment of 70,000 copies.", "Senior Vice President of A&R Tina Davis commented on the issue, \"We only had one day to clear the [Tupac Shakur] sample [from 'Me and my Girlfriend'] that was used on '03 Bonnie and Clyde' last year with Jay-Z and Beyonc\u00e9 [Beyonc\u00e9]. We were back and forth with Afeni Shakur all day until we got the clearance. And then it's a hit.\" \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was released on October 10, 2002, as the lead single from Jay-Z's album \"\". Beyonc\u00e9 later included the song as a bonus track on international editions of her 2003 debut solo album \"Dangerously in Love\". In 2003, \"Now That's What I Call Music!\" included \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" as the opening track of the 12th volume of the US release and the fifteenth track of the 54th volume of the UK release. The song's release was the first indication of Jay-Z's and Beyonc\u00e9's romantic status, spawning rumors about a burgeoning relationship. Their relationship was not made public until Jay-Z featured on Beyonc\u00e9's songs \" Crazy In Love\" (2003) and \"D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu\" (2006). The latter's release also marked the debut of the solo career of Beyonc\u00e9, leaving Destiny's Child on hiatus. \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" features drums and live instrumentation such as bass instruments and guitar chords. It also consists of a beat sampled from \"Me and My Girlfriend\". The song was inspired by the 1967 American crime film \"Bonnie and Clyde\" as Jay-Z and Beyonc\u00e9 proclaim themselves as the current version of the criminal duo. Ethan Brown of \"New York\" magazine noted that its patina of flamenco guitar was reminiscent of that in Jay-Z's 2001 collaboration with R. Kelly on \"Fiesta.\"", "'03 Bonnie & Clyde \"03 Bonnie & Clyde\" is a song recorded by American rapper Jay-Z featuring his then-girlfriend, American singer Beyonc\u00e9. It was composed by Shawn Carter, Kanye West, Prince Nelson, Tupac Shakur, Darryl Harper, Ricky Rouse and Tyrone Wrice for Jay-Z's seventh studio album \"\" (2002). The song was released as the album's lead single on October 10, 2002. A West Coast hip hop and R&B song, \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" sampled its beat from American rapper Tupac Shakur's 1996 song \"Me and My Girlfriend\", paraphrasing its chorus, and was inspired by the crime film \"Bonnie and Clyde\". The instrumentation is based on programmed drums, bass instruments, and a flamenco guitar. \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was generally received with favorable reviews by music critics, who complimented the combination of Jay-Z's and Beyonc\u00e9's musical styles, their collaboration and the song's production. The single reached number four on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming Jay-Z's second top ten single and Beyonc\u00e9's first as a solo artist. It charted at number two in the United Kingdom and peaked in the top twenty in other European territories. \" '03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). The accompanying music video was directed by Chris Robinson, and features Jay-Z and Beyonc\u00e9 playing a modern-day version of the 1920s bank robbers Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker. It was nominated for Best Hip-Hop Video at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards. \"", "\"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" marked the first collaboration between rapper Jay-Z and R&B singer Beyonce. While listening to Shakur's The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory, producer Kanye West suggested that American rapper Tupac Shakur's song \"Me and My Girlfriend\" would make a good sample to use on Jay-Z's duet with Beyonce. West told MTV News that Jay-Z had asked him on the telephone for a duet for him and Beyonce: \"We got this joint, it has to be the best beat you ever made.\" He continued: So I went home and called my dog, E Base, who plays a lot of instruments up at Baseline [studio] for me and [producer] Just Blaze. [E] came through. I programmed the drums in 10 minutes, and then he played all the different parts. This version is all live bass, live guitars, [live] chords on it. I brought it to Hov that night, he heard it, he thought of the video treatment before he thought of the rap. He just knew it was gonna be the one. Tensions arose during the conception of \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" over the sampling of \"Me and My Girlfriend. Senior Vice President of A&R Tina Davis commented on the issue, \"We only had one day to clear the [Tupac Shakur] sample [from 'Me and my Girlfriend'] that was used on ''03 Bonnie and Clyde' last year with Jay-Z and Beyonce [Beyonce]. We were back and forth with Afeni Shakur all day until we got the clearance. And then it's a hit.\" \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was released on October 10, 2002, as the lead single from Jay-Z's album The Blueprint2: The Gift & the Curse.", "'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" spawned a feud with American recording artist Toni Braxton, who had also sampled \"Me and My Girlfriend\" in her 2002 song \"Me & My Boyfriend\". She accused West and Jay-Z of stealing the idea of using the song as a sample, which was later denied by both of them. \" 03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was performed by Jay-Z and Beyonc\u00e9 on several television shows and was later included on the set list of their concert performances and tours, most notably on their co-headlining On the Run Tour (2014). \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" marked the first collaboration between rapper Jay-Z and R&B singer Beyonc\u00e9. While listening to Shakur's \"\", producer Kanye West suggested that American rapper Tupac Shakur's song \"Me and My Girlfriend\" would make a good sample to use on Jay-Z's duet with Beyonc\u00e9. West told MTV News that Jay-Z had asked him on the telephone for a duet for him and Beyonc\u00e9: \"We got this joint, it has to be the best beat you ever made.\" He continued: So I went home and called my dog, E Base, who plays a lot of instruments up at Baseline [studio] for me and [producer] Just Blaze. [E] came through. I programmed the drums in 10 minutes, and then he played all the different parts. This version is all live bass, live guitars, [live] chords on it. I brought it to Hov that night , he heard it, he thought of the video treatment before he thought of the rap. He just knew it was gonna be the one. Tensions arose during the conception of \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" over the sampling of \"Me and My Girlfriend\"."], "answer": {"text": "03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was released on October 10, 2002,", "answer_start": 1374}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who wrote the '03 Bonnie & Clyde song?", "answer": {"text": "the first collaboration between rapper Jay-Z and R&B singer Beyonce.", "answer_start": 28, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0c1a652c281b441e800e70c9322a6f1e_1_q#2", "question": "Who was the producer?", "rewrite": "Who produced the song '03 Bonnie & Clyde?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On a list of the 10 Best Jay-Z Songs, Dean Silfenv of AOL placed \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" at number six. Popjustice listed \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" at number 66 on its list of the best singles of 2003. It was nominated for the Best Collaboration at the 2003 BET Awards, but lost to Snoop Dogg's song \"Beautiful\". In a 2013 list of Jay-Z's 20 Biggest \"Billboard\" Hits, \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was ranked at number 6. Elijah Watson and Erika Ramirez of \"Billboard\" magazine noted that the song proved the couple was \"unstoppable from jump\". \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" reached the top ten on music charts in six European countries. It peaked at number six on the Norway Singles Chart and on the Danish Singles Chart, number eight on the Italian Singles Chart, and topped the Swiss Singles Charts. In Canada, the song peaked at number four and became Jay-Z's highest charting single until it was surpassed by his 2009 Alicia Keys-assisted song \"Empire State of Mind\", which peaked at number three. In the United Kingdom, \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart. At the time, it became his highest charting single in Britain since \"Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)\" achieved the same feat in November 1998. It peaked at number four on the New Zealand Singles Chart, becoming his highest charting single in that territory. The song also became Jay-Z's highest charting single in Australia, where it peaked at number two. \" '03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting shipment of 70,000 copies.", "\"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" broke into the top five of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at number four; it became the highest-charting single that references the famous bank robbers Bonnie and Clyde. The record was previously held by Georgie Fame's 1986 single \"The Ballad of Bonnie and Clyde.\" Following the performance of \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" on \"Saturday Night Live\" (\"SNL\") on November 2, 2002, its radio audience increased by 12%, allowing the song to advance into the top ten of the US Hot R&B/ Hip-Hop Songs chart, at number seven. This gave Jay-Z his 12th top 10 single, tying him with rapper P. Diddy, who had the same number of top 10 singles on that chart. \" '03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was his first top 10 since his 2001 single \"Girls, Girls, Girls\". It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting sales of 500,000 copies. The song sold over 1 million copies in US. Chris Robinson directed the song's accompanying music video and filmed in Mexico, during October 2002. June Ambrose was hired as the personal stylist, and Johnathon Schaech and Lance Reddick appear in the video as the police officers on their tail. Jay-Z and Beyonc\u00e9 play a modern-day version of the 1930s bank robbers Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker. The video is loosely based on the American 1993 romance crime film \"True Romance\", which stars Christian Slater and Patricia Arquette as two lovers on the run from cocaine dealers. The choreography used in the clip suggests a relationship beyond screen, as Jay-Z wraps his arm around Beyonc\u00e9 while singing his part of the chorus.", "'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" spawned a feud with American recording artist Toni Braxton, who had also sampled \"Me and My Girlfriend\" in her 2002 song \"Me & My Boyfriend\". She accused West and Jay-Z of stealing the idea of using the song as a sample, which was later denied by both of them. \" 03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was performed by Jay-Z and Beyonc\u00e9 on several television shows and was later included on the set list of their concert performances and tours, most notably on their co-headlining On the Run Tour (2014). \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" marked the first collaboration between rapper Jay-Z and R&B singer Beyonc\u00e9. While listening to Shakur's \"\", producer Kanye West suggested that American rapper Tupac Shakur's song \"Me and My Girlfriend\" would make a good sample to use on Jay-Z's duet with Beyonc\u00e9. West told MTV News that Jay-Z had asked him on the telephone for a duet for him and Beyonc\u00e9: \"We got this joint, it has to be the best beat you ever made.\" He continued: So I went home and called my dog, E Base, who plays a lot of instruments up at Baseline [studio] for me and [producer] Just Blaze. [E] came through. I programmed the drums in 10 minutes, and then he played all the different parts. This version is all live bass, live guitars, [live] chords on it. I brought it to Hov that night , he heard it, he thought of the video treatment before he thought of the rap. He just knew it was gonna be the one. Tensions arose during the conception of \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" over the sampling of \"Me and My Girlfriend\".", "Senior Vice President of A&R Tina Davis commented on the issue, \"We only had one day to clear the [Tupac Shakur] sample [from 'Me and my Girlfriend'] that was used on '03 Bonnie and Clyde' last year with Jay-Z and Beyonc\u00e9 [Beyonc\u00e9]. We were back and forth with Afeni Shakur all day until we got the clearance. And then it's a hit.\" \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was released on October 10, 2002, as the lead single from Jay-Z's album \"\". Beyonc\u00e9 later included the song as a bonus track on international editions of her 2003 debut solo album \"Dangerously in Love\". In 2003, \"Now That's What I Call Music!\" included \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" as the opening track of the 12th volume of the US release and the fifteenth track of the 54th volume of the UK release. The song's release was the first indication of Jay-Z's and Beyonc\u00e9's romantic status, spawning rumors about a burgeoning relationship. Their relationship was not made public until Jay-Z featured on Beyonc\u00e9's songs \" Crazy In Love\" (2003) and \"D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu\" (2006). The latter's release also marked the debut of the solo career of Beyonc\u00e9, leaving Destiny's Child on hiatus. \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" features drums and live instrumentation such as bass instruments and guitar chords. It also consists of a beat sampled from \"Me and My Girlfriend\". The song was inspired by the 1967 American crime film \"Bonnie and Clyde\" as Jay-Z and Beyonc\u00e9 proclaim themselves as the current version of the criminal duo. Ethan Brown of \"New York\" magazine noted that its patina of flamenco guitar was reminiscent of that in Jay-Z's 2001 collaboration with R. Kelly on \"Fiesta.\"", "'03 Bonnie & Clyde \"03 Bonnie & Clyde\" is a song recorded by American rapper Jay-Z featuring his then-girlfriend, American singer Beyonc\u00e9. It was composed by Shawn Carter, Kanye West, Prince Nelson, Tupac Shakur, Darryl Harper, Ricky Rouse and Tyrone Wrice for Jay-Z's seventh studio album \"\" (2002). The song was released as the album's lead single on October 10, 2002. A West Coast hip hop and R&B song, \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" sampled its beat from American rapper Tupac Shakur's 1996 song \"Me and My Girlfriend\", paraphrasing its chorus, and was inspired by the crime film \"Bonnie and Clyde\". The instrumentation is based on programmed drums, bass instruments, and a flamenco guitar. \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was generally received with favorable reviews by music critics, who complimented the combination of Jay-Z's and Beyonc\u00e9's musical styles, their collaboration and the song's production. The single reached number four on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming Jay-Z's second top ten single and Beyonc\u00e9's first as a solo artist. It charted at number two in the United Kingdom and peaked in the top twenty in other European territories. \" '03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). The accompanying music video was directed by Chris Robinson, and features Jay-Z and Beyonc\u00e9 playing a modern-day version of the 1920s bank robbers Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker. It was nominated for Best Hip-Hop Video at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards. \""], "answer": {"text": "Kanye West", "answer_start": 173}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who wrote the '03 Bonnie & Clyde song?", "answer": {"text": "the first collaboration between rapper Jay-Z and R&B singer Beyonce.", "answer_start": 28, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was it released?", "answer": {"text": "03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was released on October 10, 2002,", "answer_start": 1374, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0c1a652c281b441e800e70c9322a6f1e_1_q#5", "question": "How long did it take to produce the track?", "rewrite": "How long did production take for the track to '03 Bonnie & Clyde?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" marked the first collaboration between rapper Jay-Z and R&B singer Beyonce. While listening to Shakur's The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory, producer Kanye West suggested that American rapper Tupac Shakur's song \"Me and My Girlfriend\" would make a good sample to use on Jay-Z's duet with Beyonce. West told MTV News that Jay-Z had asked him on the telephone for a duet for him and Beyonce: \"We got this joint, it has to be the best beat you ever made.\" He continued: So I went home and called my dog, E Base, who plays a lot of instruments up at Baseline [studio] for me and [producer] Just Blaze. [E] came through. I programmed the drums in 10 minutes, and then he played all the different parts. This version is all live bass, live guitars, [live] chords on it. I brought it to Hov that night, he heard it, he thought of the video treatment before he thought of the rap. He just knew it was gonna be the one. Tensions arose during the conception of \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" over the sampling of \"Me and My Girlfriend. Senior Vice President of A&R Tina Davis commented on the issue, \"We only had one day to clear the [Tupac Shakur] sample [from 'Me and my Girlfriend'] that was used on ''03 Bonnie and Clyde' last year with Jay-Z and Beyonce [Beyonce]. We were back and forth with Afeni Shakur all day until we got the clearance. And then it's a hit.\" \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was released on October 10, 2002, as the lead single from Jay-Z's album The Blueprint2: The Gift & the Curse.", "On a list of the 10 Best Jay-Z Songs, Dean Silfenv of AOL placed \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" at number six. Popjustice listed \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" at number 66 on its list of the best singles of 2003. It was nominated for the Best Collaboration at the 2003 BET Awards, but lost to Snoop Dogg's song \"Beautiful\". In a 2013 list of Jay-Z's 20 Biggest \"Billboard\" Hits, \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was ranked at number 6. Elijah Watson and Erika Ramirez of \"Billboard\" magazine noted that the song proved the couple was \"unstoppable from jump\". \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" reached the top ten on music charts in six European countries. It peaked at number six on the Norway Singles Chart and on the Danish Singles Chart, number eight on the Italian Singles Chart, and topped the Swiss Singles Charts. In Canada, the song peaked at number four and became Jay-Z's highest charting single until it was surpassed by his 2009 Alicia Keys-assisted song \"Empire State of Mind\", which peaked at number three. In the United Kingdom, \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart. At the time, it became his highest charting single in Britain since \"Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)\" achieved the same feat in November 1998. It peaked at number four on the New Zealand Singles Chart, becoming his highest charting single in that territory. The song also became Jay-Z's highest charting single in Australia, where it peaked at number two. \" '03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting shipment of 70,000 copies.", "'03 Bonnie & Clyde \"03 Bonnie & Clyde\" is a song recorded by American rapper Jay-Z featuring his then-girlfriend, American singer Beyonc\u00e9. It was composed by Shawn Carter, Kanye West, Prince Nelson, Tupac Shakur, Darryl Harper, Ricky Rouse and Tyrone Wrice for Jay-Z's seventh studio album \"\" (2002). The song was released as the album's lead single on October 10, 2002. A West Coast hip hop and R&B song, \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" sampled its beat from American rapper Tupac Shakur's 1996 song \"Me and My Girlfriend\", paraphrasing its chorus, and was inspired by the crime film \"Bonnie and Clyde\". The instrumentation is based on programmed drums, bass instruments, and a flamenco guitar. \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was generally received with favorable reviews by music critics, who complimented the combination of Jay-Z's and Beyonc\u00e9's musical styles, their collaboration and the song's production. The single reached number four on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming Jay-Z's second top ten single and Beyonc\u00e9's first as a solo artist. It charted at number two in the United Kingdom and peaked in the top twenty in other European territories. \" '03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). The accompanying music video was directed by Chris Robinson, and features Jay-Z and Beyonc\u00e9 playing a modern-day version of the 1920s bank robbers Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker. It was nominated for Best Hip-Hop Video at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards. \"", "'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" spawned a feud with American recording artist Toni Braxton, who had also sampled \"Me and My Girlfriend\" in her 2002 song \"Me & My Boyfriend\". She accused West and Jay-Z of stealing the idea of using the song as a sample, which was later denied by both of them. \" 03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was performed by Jay-Z and Beyonc\u00e9 on several television shows and was later included on the set list of their concert performances and tours, most notably on their co-headlining On the Run Tour (2014). \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" marked the first collaboration between rapper Jay-Z and R&B singer Beyonc\u00e9. While listening to Shakur's \"\", producer Kanye West suggested that American rapper Tupac Shakur's song \"Me and My Girlfriend\" would make a good sample to use on Jay-Z's duet with Beyonc\u00e9. West told MTV News that Jay-Z had asked him on the telephone for a duet for him and Beyonc\u00e9: \"We got this joint, it has to be the best beat you ever made.\" He continued: So I went home and called my dog, E Base, who plays a lot of instruments up at Baseline [studio] for me and [producer] Just Blaze. [E] came through. I programmed the drums in 10 minutes, and then he played all the different parts. This version is all live bass, live guitars, [live] chords on it. I brought it to Hov that night , he heard it, he thought of the video treatment before he thought of the rap. He just knew it was gonna be the one. Tensions arose during the conception of \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" over the sampling of \"Me and My Girlfriend\".", "Senior Vice President of A&R Tina Davis commented on the issue, \"We only had one day to clear the [Tupac Shakur] sample [from 'Me and my Girlfriend'] that was used on '03 Bonnie and Clyde' last year with Jay-Z and Beyonc\u00e9 [Beyonc\u00e9]. We were back and forth with Afeni Shakur all day until we got the clearance. And then it's a hit.\" \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was released on October 10, 2002, as the lead single from Jay-Z's album \"\". Beyonc\u00e9 later included the song as a bonus track on international editions of her 2003 debut solo album \"Dangerously in Love\". In 2003, \"Now That's What I Call Music!\" included \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" as the opening track of the 12th volume of the US release and the fifteenth track of the 54th volume of the UK release. The song's release was the first indication of Jay-Z's and Beyonc\u00e9's romantic status, spawning rumors about a burgeoning relationship. Their relationship was not made public until Jay-Z featured on Beyonc\u00e9's songs \" Crazy In Love\" (2003) and \"D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu\" (2006). The latter's release also marked the debut of the solo career of Beyonc\u00e9, leaving Destiny's Child on hiatus. \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" features drums and live instrumentation such as bass instruments and guitar chords. It also consists of a beat sampled from \"Me and My Girlfriend\". The song was inspired by the 1967 American crime film \"Bonnie and Clyde\" as Jay-Z and Beyonc\u00e9 proclaim themselves as the current version of the criminal duo. Ethan Brown of \"New York\" magazine noted that its patina of flamenco guitar was reminiscent of that in Jay-Z's 2001 collaboration with R. Kelly on \"Fiesta.\""], "answer": {"text": "We were back and forth with Afeni Shakur all day until we got the clearance.", "answer_start": 1273}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who wrote the '03 Bonnie & Clyde song?", "answer": {"text": "the first collaboration between rapper Jay-Z and R&B singer Beyonce.", "answer_start": 28, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was it released?", "answer": {"text": "03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was released on October 10, 2002,", "answer_start": 1374, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the producer?", "answer": {"text": "Kanye West", "answer_start": 173, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did production take?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How soon after the song's release, did it become a hit?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5e733c7c9cb4b7bad20641c297f0f56_0_q#1", "question": "What did he do as the Minister of Transport ?", "rewrite": "What did Lapierre do as the Minister of Transport ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Later that month, on December 29, 2008, Lapierre recorded his first career NHL hat-trick during a 5\u20132 win against the Florida Panthers. Lapierre had a career year in 2008\u201309, finishing with 15 goals and 13 assists for 28 points over 79 games. After going scoreless in four playoff games, as the Canadiens were eliminated in the first round by the Boston Bruins, it was revealed that Lapierre had played the majority of the season in pain with an ankle injury. He underwent surgery in the off-season, recovering in time for the 2009 training camp. Lapierre's offensive production decreased to 14 points in 2009\u201310, his lowest total in the NHL since his rookie season. On March 5, 2010, Lapierre was suspended four games for a hit against opposing forward Scott Nichol during a game against the San Jose Sharks the previous day. Nichol left the game injured after Lapierre pushed him from behind, causing him to crash into the end boards. In addition to the suspension, Lapierre lost approximately $14,000 in pay, which went to the National Hockey League Players Association (NHLPA)'s emergency fund. In the 2010 playoffs, Lapierre helped the Canadiens advance to the Eastern Conference Semi-finals, scoring goals in Game 6 of the first round against the Washington Capitals and the second round against the Pittsburgh Penguins, both elimination games. However, the Canadiens were eliminated in the third round by the Philadelphia Flyers; Lapierre finished the playoff season with three goals and one assist in 19 games. On December 31, 2010, after five-and-a-half seasons playing within the Canadiens organization, Lapierre was traded to the Anaheim Ducks in exchange for defenceman Brett Festerling and a fifth-round draft pick in 2012.", "Maxim Lapierre who was leading Modo in scoring posting 8G, 11A, 19P in 34 games asked for his contract to be formally terminated. Lapierre was the third NHL player to leave Modo during the 2015\u201316 season, both Ryan Whitney and Kyle Wilson left prior to Lapierre's departure as well. On January 25, 2016, he signed a contract with HC Lugano of the Swiss National League for the remainder of the season. On July 28, 2016, Lapierre, with ambition to make a comeback to the NHL, signed a professional try-out with the New York Rangers. At the completion of training camp and pre-season, Lapierre was released without a contract offer on October 5. On October 9, 2016, HC Lugano announced that Lapierre would be re-joining the team for the remainder of the season. At the conclusion of the 2017 playoffs, the team exercised Lapierre's option on his contract for the 2017\u201318 season. On October 5, 2017, Lapierre agreed to a one-year contract extension with HC Lugano, valid through the 2018\u201319 season. On December 5, 2018, Lapierre agreed to a two-year contract extension with Lugano through the 2020\u201321 season. On July 13, 2019, Lapierre and HC Lugano mutually agreed to part ways, despite a valid contract for the next two seasons. Lapierre earned a spot on the Canadian national team in the 2018 Winter Olympics after successful playing in the 2017 Spengler Cup tournament. Lapierre scored his first career Olympic goal in Canada's 4\u20130 win over the South Korean national team. Lapierre won a bronze medal during these Olympics. Lapierre is known primarily as a checking forward, centring either the third or fourth line.", "Wayne LaPierre Wayne Robert LaPierre, Jr. ( born November 8, 1949) is an American gun rights activist. LaPierre currently serves as the Chief Executive and Executive Vice President of the National Rifle Association. Wayne Robert LaPierre, Jr. was born on November 8, 1949, in Schenectady, New York, the eldest child of Hazel (Gordon) and Wayne Robert LaPierre, Sr. His father was an accountant for the local General Electric plant. The LaPierre family trace their patrilineal heritage to a 17th century French ancestor who immigrated from the Brittany region of France to Quebec in Canada. His family moved to Roanoke, Virginia, when LaPierre, Jr. was five years old, and he was raised in the Roman Catholic church. Despite a draft number (097) that placed him in the \"most likely to be drafted\" category for 1970, he was not drafted during the Vietnam War. Wayne LaPierre has been a government activist and lobbyist since receiving his Master's degree in government and politics, including positions on the board of directors of the American Association of Political Consultants, the American Conservative Union, and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. Since 1991, he has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Executive of the National Rifle Association (NRA), the largest gun rights and small arms industry advocacy organization in the United States. LaPierre joined the NRA in 1977 after working as a legislative aide to Democratic Virginia delegate and gun rights advocate Vic Thomas. In 2014, NRA contributions totaled $103 million and LaPierre's compensation was $985,885. In 2015, NRA contributions totaled $95 million.", "Maxim Lapierre Maxim Lapierre (born March 29, 1985) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing for Eisb\u00e4ren Berlin of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). Drafted out of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL), he was selected 61st overall in 2003 by the Montreal Canadiens. He spent parts of his first three professional seasons with the Canadiens' minor league affiliate, the Hamilton Bulldogs of the American Hockey League (AHL), before playing his first full NHL season in 2008\u201309. Lapierre spent five-and-a-half seasons in the Canadiens organization before being traded to the Anaheim Ducks in December 2010. Two months later, he was traded to the Vancouver Canucks and helped the team to the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals, where they lost to the Boston Bruins. On July 5, 2013, Lapierre signed with the St. Louis Blues as a free agent. On January 27, 2015, Lapierre was traded from St. Louis to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Marcel Goc. Lapierre was born in Saint-Leonard, Quebec and grew up in Repentigny, Quebec. Beginning to play hockey at age nine, Lapierre's midget team was based out of Cap-de-la-Madeleine, Quebec. One of his teammates, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Jacques, went on to play with him on the Hamilton Bulldogs, as well. During the 2001\u201302 season, Lapierre made his Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) debut with the Montreal Rocket, appearing in nine games, during which time he scored two goals. Playing in his first full QMJHL season in 2002\u201303, Lapierre scored 22 goals and 43 points over 72 games. He added four points in seven playoff games.", "With a 3\u20132 lead in the series, the Canucks went on to lose the next two contests, losing the Stanley Cup in seven games. Set to become a restricted free agent in the off-season, Lapierre was re-signed by Vancouver to a two-year, $2 million contract on June 27, 2011. Lapierre agreed to a two-year, $2.2 million contract with the St. Louis Blues. On October 15, 2013 against the San Jose Sharks, Lapierre checked Dan Boyle into the boards, hospitalizing him and causing a fight between the two teams; Lapierre was ejected from the game. He was subsequently suspended, and a disciplinary hearing was held. Lapierre was suspended for five games by NHL director of player safety Brendan Shanahan on October 18, 2013. On January 27, 2015, Lapierre was traded from the Blues to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Marcel Goc. Lapierre played a key role during the 2015 playoffs, getting under the skin of the New York Rangers by drawing penalties, instigating fights, taunting and most notably doing play-by-play towards the Rangers' bench. He played an important role on the face-off dot and on the penalty kill, frustrating the New York Rangers and his former head coach in Vancouver, Alain Vigneault. On September 1, 2015, Lapierre signed a one-year contract with Modo Hockey of the Swedish Hockey League. The contract comes with an option for a second year. On January 20, 2016 Lapierre's asked for his contract to be terminated with Modo. After beginning the season with head coach Larry Hurras who was later relieved of his duties as Modo coach. Andreas Johansson the new coach brought in a system that was not favourable for Lapierre's style of play."], "answer": {"text": "As Minister of Transport, Lapierre initiated the Pacific Gateway Strategy,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Lapierre become the Minister of Transport?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5e733c7c9cb4b7bad20641c297f0f56_0_q#2", "question": "What was the Pacific Gateway Strategy about ?", "rewrite": "What was the Pacific Gateway Strategy about ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pacific Gateway The Pacific Gateway is a strategy of the Government of British Columbia to build new and upgraded road, rail, port and airport infrastructure which will provide importers with a reliable link in the North American supply chain and exporters with greater access to foreign markets. It is similar to the federal government's Asia\u2013Pacific Gateway and Corridor Initiative.", "Asia\u2013Pacific Gateway and Corridor Initiative The Asia\u2013Pacific Gateway and Corridor Initiative is an integrated set of investment and policy measures of the Canadian federal government that are focused on trade with the Asia\u2013Pacific Region. The Asia\u2013Pacific Gateway and Corridor is a system of transportation infrastructure, including British Columbia Lower Mainland and Prince Rupert ports, road and rail connections that reach across Western Canada and into the economic heartlands of North America, as well as major airports and border crossings. The mission of the Initiative is to establish Canada's Asia-Pacific Gateway and Corridor as the best transportation network facilitating global supply chains between North America and Asia. The Initiative is led by Transport Canada and its international marketing is done by the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. Western Economic Diversification Canada facilitates Gateway discussion and funding in the four Western Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Other government agencies are also involved in the development and realization of the goals of the Initiative. Outside of government, much of the policy research on Gateway issues is conducted by the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada. The Foundation has been a longtime advocate for a coordinated and comprehensive approach to the development of the Asia-Pacific Gateway and works with both the federal and provincial governments by leading public discussions and by disseminating information from its research activities. The Asia\u2013Pacific Gateway and Corridor Initiative is one of three gateway projects initiated by the government. The others are the Ontario\u2013Quebec Continental Gateway and Trade Corridor and the Atlantic Gateway. All three were created under the National Policy Framework for Strategic Gateways and Trade Corridors.", "However Phase 2, planned to be completed late in 2010, will increase the Port of Prince Rupert's capacity to 2 million TEUs, and to 4 million TEUs by 2015, and there is extensive capacity for further expansion. This will provide much-needed relief to the congested west-coast ports of North America. The containerization of the Fairview Terminal is an important part of the Asia\u2013Pacific Gateway and Corridor Initiative of the Government of Canada and the Pacific Gateway strategy of the Province of British Columbia. The second phase expansion has been protested by some First Nations groups, saying that the PRPA failed to consult them. Another group in Delta is lobbying for the expansion of the Prince Rupert port in order that the port at Delta will not be expanded. On January 23, 2013, federal Environment Minister Peter Kent approved the environmental assessment of the Phase 2 expansion of the terminal. However, there was no set time frame for the construction of Phase 2, as the decision is up to Maher Terminals to proceed. It was noted that the need for expansion does not yet exist as through operation efficiencies achieved by the design of the terminal and the workforce, the actual capacity of the terminal (750,000 TEUs) exceeds current demand. In January 2015 there was a trade dispute when the State of Alaska had solicited for bids for a ferry terminal update. The project was seeking U.S. Federal funds which required that the project comply with the Buy America provision. The Canadian Government blocked the project and the state of Alaska canceled bids because a temporary solution could not be reached. The Canadian $170 million terminal project, with a design capacity of 500,000 TEUs (20-foot equivalent units) has been funded by five partners: Cargo handled expressed in the number of 20-foot-equivalent units (TEUs) and million metric tonnes (MMT).", "Airlines offering service to Saskatchewan are Air Canada, WestJet Airlines, United Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Transwest Air, Sunwing Airlines, Norcanair Airlines, La Ronge Aviation Services Ltd, La Loche Airways, Osprey Wings Ltd, Buffalo Narrows Airways Ltd, \u00cele-\u00e0-la-Crosse Airways Ltd, Voyage Air, Pronto Airways, Venture Air Ltd, Pelican Narrows Air Service, Jackson Air Services Ltd, and Northern Dene Airways Ltd. The Government of Canada has agreed to contribute $20 million for two new interchanges in Saskatoon. One of them being at the Sk Hwy 219 / Lorne Ave intersection with Circle Drive, the other at the Senator Sid Buckwold Bridge (Idylwyld Freeway) and Circle Drive. This is part of the Asia-Pacific Gateway and Corridor Initiative to improve access to the Canadian National Railway's intermodal freight terminal thereby increasing Asia-Pacific trade. Also, the Government of Canada will contribute $27 million to Regina to construct a Canadian Pacific Railway CPR intermodal facility and improve infrastructure transportation to the facility from both national highway networks, Sk Hwy 1, the TransCanada Highway and Sk Hwy 11, Louis Riel Trail. This also is part of the Asia-Pacific Gateway and Corridor Initiative to improve access to the CPR terminal and increase Asia-Pacific trade. Saskatchewan is home to a number of museums. The Royal Saskatchewan Museum serves as the provincial museum of the province. Other museums include Diefenbaker House, Evolution of Education Museum, Museum of Antiquities, the RCMP Heritage Centre, Rotary Museum of Police and Corrections, Saskatchewan Science Centre, Saskatchewan Western Development Museum, and the T.rex Discovery Centre. The province is home to several art galleries, including MacKenzie Art Gallery, and Remai Modern.", "As Minister of Transport, Lapierre initiated the Pacific Gateway Strategy, signing air transport agreements with China and India and completed a formal Canada-US Open Skies Agreement. He also spearheaded a large federal investment in the Prince Rupert container terminal, saying that it improved ties to Asian markets, while enhancing economic development in northern British Columbia and Alberta. Lapierre reduced the amount paid by airports to the federal government by some $5 billion over the remaining life of the leases. He announced the implementation of a No Fly List to increase security for airline passengers. As Transport Minister, his predecessor Tony Valeri had dismissed VIA Rail chairman Jean Pelletier, who filed a lawsuit against the government charging it had failed to use due process. A federal court ruled in his favor in November 2005 after the change in administrations, ordering Pelletier to be reinstated. The government appealed the court ruling and kept the former chair off the payroll. Lapierre ensured that due process was followed in dismissing Pelletier a second time. But in March 2007, Justice Francois Lemieux ruled that the Martin government acted improperly in 2005 when it fired Pelletier a second time, immediately after a court had overturned his first dismissal, stating that Lapierre was biased and failed to follow proper procedures. On November 22, 2007, Judge Helene Langlois of Quebec Superior Court ruled that government of then-Prime Minister Paul Martin had acted in a \"cavalier and precipitous\" fashion when it fired Pelletier. The court awarded Pelletier $235,000 in lost income, and a further $100,000 in damages. Lapierre and his department were criticised for their handling of the collapse of the carrier Jetsgo. Critics said that he should have seen warning signs after unsuccessful attempts to lower the carrier's costs."], "answer": {"text": "signing air transport agreements with China and India and completed a formal Canada-US Open Skies Agreement.", "answer_start": 75}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When did Lapierre become the Minister of Transport?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do as the Minister of Transport ?", "answer": {"text": "As Minister of Transport, Lapierre initiated the Pacific Gateway Strategy,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5e733c7c9cb4b7bad20641c297f0f56_0_q#4", "question": "Did he initiate any other agreements ?", "rewrite": "Did Lapierre initiate any agreements other than the Pacific Gateway Strategy or the Canada-US Open Skies Agreement?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["BOAC proceeded to open a London-Chicago route in May 1954, with the intention to extend the service to San Francisco and Tokyo. The San Francisco extension was not realized until 1957, and US government approval for the Tokyo service did not come until 1959 due to objections by Northwest Airlines. BOAC introduced de Havilland Comet jet service on the London-New York route in 1958. TWA began jet service on the New York-London-Frankfurt route in 1959. The United States began to exercise an even more dominant position in the transatlantic market during the 1960s. One key issue was that Pan Am and TWA began to use the hub and spoke system to feed passengers from many US destinations through a transatlantic \"gateway\" and on to Europe, giving the US carriers an advantage in serving secondary markets. Partly as a result of this competitive pressure, the market share of BOAC on transatlantic routes fell from 37.8% in 1961\u201362 to 30.9% by 1966\u201367. The British government added a privately owned carrier, British Caledonian, to the transatlantic market in 1973, with flights from London's Gatwick Airport to New York and Los Angeles. BCal was forced to exit the market in 1976 after the British government determined that competition was not improving Britain's overall market share. In 1976, the British government announced its intention to renounce the agreement, beginning the negotiation of the Bermuda II Agreement which became effective in 1978. Although the UK initially sought an equal division of capacity between UK and US carriers, the final Bermuda II agreement largely preserved the liberal capacity provisions of Bermuda I. The Bermuda agreements were replaced in two stages on 30 March 2008, and 24 June 2010, by the EU\u2013US Open Skies Agreement between the European Union (representing 25 European countries) and the United States, providing for an Open Skies regime even more liberal than Bermuda I.", "EU\u2013 US Open Skies Agreement The EU\u2013US Open Skies Agreement is an open skies air transport agreement between the European Union (EU) and the United States. The agreement allows any airline of the European Union and any airline of the United States to fly between any point in the European Union and any point in the United States. Both EU and US airlines are allowed to fly on to a further destination in another country after their initial stop (Fifth Freedom rights). Because the EU is not treated as a single territory for the purposes of the Agreement, this means in practice that US airlines can fly between two points in the EU as long as that flight is the continuation of a flight that started in the US (e.g. New York - London - Berlin). Airlines of the European Union are also allowed to fly between the United States and non-EU countries that are part of the European Common Aviation Area, like Switzerland. EU and US airlines can operate all-cargo flights under Seventh Freedom rights, meaning US airlines' all-cargo flights can be operated from one EU country to any other country (including another EU country) and EU airlines' all-cargo flights can operate between the US and any other country. Norway and Iceland acceded to the Agreement from 2011 and their airlines enjoy the same rights as EU airlines. The treaty disappointed European airlines as they felt it was tilted in favour of United States airlines: while US airlines are allowed to operate intra-EU flights (if this is an all-cargo flight or a passenger flight if it is the second leg of a flight started in the US), European airlines are not permitted to operate intra-US flights nor are they allowed to purchase a controlling stake in a US operator. The Agreement replaced and superseded previous open skies agreements between the US and individual European countries. The initial agreement was signed in Washington, D.C., on 30 April 2007.", "Asia\u2013Pacific Gateway and Corridor Initiative The Asia\u2013Pacific Gateway and Corridor Initiative is an integrated set of investment and policy measures of the Canadian federal government that are focused on trade with the Asia\u2013Pacific Region. The Asia\u2013Pacific Gateway and Corridor is a system of transportation infrastructure, including British Columbia Lower Mainland and Prince Rupert ports, road and rail connections that reach across Western Canada and into the economic heartlands of North America, as well as major airports and border crossings. The mission of the Initiative is to establish Canada's Asia-Pacific Gateway and Corridor as the best transportation network facilitating global supply chains between North America and Asia. The Initiative is led by Transport Canada and its international marketing is done by the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. Western Economic Diversification Canada facilitates Gateway discussion and funding in the four Western Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Other government agencies are also involved in the development and realization of the goals of the Initiative. Outside of government, much of the policy research on Gateway issues is conducted by the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada. The Foundation has been a longtime advocate for a coordinated and comprehensive approach to the development of the Asia-Pacific Gateway and works with both the federal and provincial governments by leading public discussions and by disseminating information from its research activities. The Asia\u2013Pacific Gateway and Corridor Initiative is one of three gateway projects initiated by the government. The others are the Ontario\u2013Quebec Continental Gateway and Trade Corridor and the Atlantic Gateway. All three were created under the National Policy Framework for Strategic Gateways and Trade Corridors.", "MSA ceased operations in 1972, when political disagreements between Singapore and Malaysia resulted in the formation of two entities: Singapore Airlines and Malaysian Airlines System. Singapore Airlines kept all 10 of MSA's Boeing 707s and 737s, retained the international routes out of Singapore as well as the existing corporate headquarters in the city, with J.Y. Pillay, former joint chief of MSA as its first chairperson. Female flight attendants continued to wear the sarong kebaya uniform, which had been first introduced in 1968. A local start-up advertising company, Batey Ads, was given the right to market the airline, eventually selecting the sarong and kebaya-clad air stewardesses as an icon for the airline and calling them Singapore Girls. As a result of an almost non-existent domestic market, Singapore has to place immediate emphasis on opening up the international market for its own airlines, as well as to allow foreign airlines to establish operations there. Singapore has Air Services Agreements with over 90 countries and territories, and has the most liberal aviation policy in Southeast Asia It has been an active advocate of open skies, and has concluded over 30 Open Skies Agreements, 18 of which are in the European Union, two in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, five out of six members of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf, two in the Union of South American Nations and four members of the Pacific Islands Forum. In June 2006, it became the first Asian country to conclude a \"horizontal\" aviation agreement with the European Union. On 2 October 2007, Singapore became the second country to be allowed cabotage rights within the United Kingdom in a fully liberal aviation agreement. Singapore was also the first Asian country to conclude an Open Skies Agreement with the United States in 1997, and has significant liberal agreements with the United Arab Emirates.", "As Minister of Transport, Lapierre initiated the Pacific Gateway Strategy, signing air transport agreements with China and India and completed a formal Canada-US Open Skies Agreement. He also spearheaded a large federal investment in the Prince Rupert container terminal, saying that it improved ties to Asian markets, while enhancing economic development in northern British Columbia and Alberta. Lapierre reduced the amount paid by airports to the federal government by some $5 billion over the remaining life of the leases. He announced the implementation of a No Fly List to increase security for airline passengers. As Transport Minister, his predecessor Tony Valeri had dismissed VIA Rail chairman Jean Pelletier, who filed a lawsuit against the government charging it had failed to use due process. A federal court ruled in his favor in November 2005 after the change in administrations, ordering Pelletier to be reinstated. The government appealed the court ruling and kept the former chair off the payroll. Lapierre ensured that due process was followed in dismissing Pelletier a second time. But in March 2007, Justice Francois Lemieux ruled that the Martin government acted improperly in 2005 when it fired Pelletier a second time, immediately after a court had overturned his first dismissal, stating that Lapierre was biased and failed to follow proper procedures. On November 22, 2007, Judge Helene Langlois of Quebec Superior Court ruled that government of then-Prime Minister Paul Martin had acted in a \"cavalier and precipitous\" fashion when it fired Pelletier. The court awarded Pelletier $235,000 in lost income, and a further $100,000 in damages. Lapierre and his department were criticised for their handling of the collapse of the carrier Jetsgo. Critics said that he should have seen warning signs after unsuccessful attempts to lower the carrier's costs."], "answer": {"text": "Lapierre reduced the amount paid by airports to the federal government by some $5 billion over the remaining life of the leases.", "answer_start": 398}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When did Lapierre become the Minister of Transport?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do as the Minister of Transport ?", "answer": {"text": "As Minister of Transport, Lapierre initiated the Pacific Gateway Strategy,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the Pacific Gateway Strategy about ?", "answer": {"text": "signing air transport agreements with China and India and completed a formal Canada-US Open Skies Agreement.", "answer_start": 75, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the agreement approved or did he meet with opposition?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5e733c7c9cb4b7bad20641c297f0f56_0_q#5", "question": "Did he have any enemies or allies ?", "rewrite": "Did Lapierre have any enemies or allies ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Wayne LaPierre Wayne Robert LaPierre, Jr. ( born November 8, 1949) is an American gun rights activist. LaPierre currently serves as the Chief Executive and Executive Vice President of the National Rifle Association. Wayne Robert LaPierre, Jr. was born on November 8, 1949, in Schenectady, New York, the eldest child of Hazel (Gordon) and Wayne Robert LaPierre, Sr. His father was an accountant for the local General Electric plant. The LaPierre family trace their patrilineal heritage to a 17th century French ancestor who immigrated from the Brittany region of France to Quebec in Canada. His family moved to Roanoke, Virginia, when LaPierre, Jr. was five years old, and he was raised in the Roman Catholic church. Despite a draft number (097) that placed him in the \"most likely to be drafted\" category for 1970, he was not drafted during the Vietnam War. Wayne LaPierre has been a government activist and lobbyist since receiving his Master's degree in government and politics, including positions on the board of directors of the American Association of Political Consultants, the American Conservative Union, and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. Since 1991, he has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Executive of the National Rifle Association (NRA), the largest gun rights and small arms industry advocacy organization in the United States. LaPierre joined the NRA in 1977 after working as a legislative aide to Democratic Virginia delegate and gun rights advocate Vic Thomas. In 2014, NRA contributions totaled $103 million and LaPierre's compensation was $985,885. In 2015, NRA contributions totaled $95 million.", "Maxim Lapierre Maxim Lapierre (born March 29, 1985) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing for Eisb\u00e4ren Berlin of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). Drafted out of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL), he was selected 61st overall in 2003 by the Montreal Canadiens. He spent parts of his first three professional seasons with the Canadiens' minor league affiliate, the Hamilton Bulldogs of the American Hockey League (AHL), before playing his first full NHL season in 2008\u201309. Lapierre spent five-and-a-half seasons in the Canadiens organization before being traded to the Anaheim Ducks in December 2010. Two months later, he was traded to the Vancouver Canucks and helped the team to the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals, where they lost to the Boston Bruins. On July 5, 2013, Lapierre signed with the St. Louis Blues as a free agent. On January 27, 2015, Lapierre was traded from St. Louis to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Marcel Goc. Lapierre was born in Saint-Leonard, Quebec and grew up in Repentigny, Quebec. Beginning to play hockey at age nine, Lapierre's midget team was based out of Cap-de-la-Madeleine, Quebec. One of his teammates, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Jacques, went on to play with him on the Hamilton Bulldogs, as well. During the 2001\u201302 season, Lapierre made his Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) debut with the Montreal Rocket, appearing in nine games, during which time he scored two goals. Playing in his first full QMJHL season in 2002\u201303, Lapierre scored 22 goals and 43 points over 72 games. He added four points in seven playoff games.", "Later that month, on December 29, 2008, Lapierre recorded his first career NHL hat-trick during a 5\u20132 win against the Florida Panthers. Lapierre had a career year in 2008\u201309, finishing with 15 goals and 13 assists for 28 points over 79 games. After going scoreless in four playoff games, as the Canadiens were eliminated in the first round by the Boston Bruins, it was revealed that Lapierre had played the majority of the season in pain with an ankle injury. He underwent surgery in the off-season, recovering in time for the 2009 training camp. Lapierre's offensive production decreased to 14 points in 2009\u201310, his lowest total in the NHL since his rookie season. On March 5, 2010, Lapierre was suspended four games for a hit against opposing forward Scott Nichol during a game against the San Jose Sharks the previous day. Nichol left the game injured after Lapierre pushed him from behind, causing him to crash into the end boards. In addition to the suspension, Lapierre lost approximately $14,000 in pay, which went to the National Hockey League Players Association (NHLPA)'s emergency fund. In the 2010 playoffs, Lapierre helped the Canadiens advance to the Eastern Conference Semi-finals, scoring goals in Game 6 of the first round against the Washington Capitals and the second round against the Pittsburgh Penguins, both elimination games. However, the Canadiens were eliminated in the third round by the Philadelphia Flyers; Lapierre finished the playoff season with three goals and one assist in 19 games. On December 31, 2010, after five-and-a-half seasons playing within the Canadiens organization, Lapierre was traded to the Anaheim Ducks in exchange for defenceman Brett Festerling and a fifth-round draft pick in 2012.", "Maxim Lapierre who was leading Modo in scoring posting 8G, 11A, 19P in 34 games asked for his contract to be formally terminated. Lapierre was the third NHL player to leave Modo during the 2015\u201316 season, both Ryan Whitney and Kyle Wilson left prior to Lapierre's departure as well. On January 25, 2016, he signed a contract with HC Lugano of the Swiss National League for the remainder of the season. On July 28, 2016, Lapierre, with ambition to make a comeback to the NHL, signed a professional try-out with the New York Rangers. At the completion of training camp and pre-season, Lapierre was released without a contract offer on October 5. On October 9, 2016, HC Lugano announced that Lapierre would be re-joining the team for the remainder of the season. At the conclusion of the 2017 playoffs, the team exercised Lapierre's option on his contract for the 2017\u201318 season. On October 5, 2017, Lapierre agreed to a one-year contract extension with HC Lugano, valid through the 2018\u201319 season. On December 5, 2018, Lapierre agreed to a two-year contract extension with Lugano through the 2020\u201321 season. On July 13, 2019, Lapierre and HC Lugano mutually agreed to part ways, despite a valid contract for the next two seasons. Lapierre earned a spot on the Canadian national team in the 2018 Winter Olympics after successful playing in the 2017 Spengler Cup tournament. Lapierre scored his first career Olympic goal in Canada's 4\u20130 win over the South Korean national team. Lapierre won a bronze medal during these Olympics. Lapierre is known primarily as a checking forward, centring either the third or fourth line.", "With a 3\u20132 lead in the series, the Canucks went on to lose the next two contests, losing the Stanley Cup in seven games. Set to become a restricted free agent in the off-season, Lapierre was re-signed by Vancouver to a two-year, $2 million contract on June 27, 2011. Lapierre agreed to a two-year, $2.2 million contract with the St. Louis Blues. On October 15, 2013 against the San Jose Sharks, Lapierre checked Dan Boyle into the boards, hospitalizing him and causing a fight between the two teams; Lapierre was ejected from the game. He was subsequently suspended, and a disciplinary hearing was held. Lapierre was suspended for five games by NHL director of player safety Brendan Shanahan on October 18, 2013. On January 27, 2015, Lapierre was traded from the Blues to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Marcel Goc. Lapierre played a key role during the 2015 playoffs, getting under the skin of the New York Rangers by drawing penalties, instigating fights, taunting and most notably doing play-by-play towards the Rangers' bench. He played an important role on the face-off dot and on the penalty kill, frustrating the New York Rangers and his former head coach in Vancouver, Alain Vigneault. On September 1, 2015, Lapierre signed a one-year contract with Modo Hockey of the Swedish Hockey League. The contract comes with an option for a second year. On January 20, 2016 Lapierre's asked for his contract to be terminated with Modo. After beginning the season with head coach Larry Hurras who was later relieved of his duties as Modo coach. Andreas Johansson the new coach brought in a system that was not favourable for Lapierre's style of play."], "answer": {"text": "Critics said that he should have seen warning signs after unsuccessful attempts to lower the carrier's costs.", "answer_start": 1769}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Lapierre become the Minister of Transport?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do as the Minister of Transport ?", "answer": {"text": "As Minister of Transport, Lapierre initiated the Pacific Gateway Strategy,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the Pacific Gateway Strategy about ?", "answer": {"text": "signing air transport agreements with China and India and completed a formal Canada-US Open Skies Agreement.", "answer_start": 75, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the agreement approved or did he meet with opposition?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he initiate any other agreements ?", "answer": {"text": "Lapierre reduced the amount paid by airports to the federal government by some $5 billion over the remaining life of the leases.", "answer_start": 398, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5d024d0f9d5e431aa844c767ab6d26df_1_q#0", "question": "Who was Christopher Hitchen's most influential critique?", "rewrite": "Who was Christopher Hitchen's most influential critique?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Brian Hitchen Brian Hitchen, CBE (8 July 1936 \u2013 2 December 2013) was a British newspaper editor. Late in his career, he worked as a publisher. Hitchen began his career with the \"Daily Despatch\" in Manchester as a copyboy, and then joined the \"Bury Times\" as a trainee reporter a year later. His national service followed in which he served in the Parachute Regiment during 1954-56. After national service, following a year on the \"Manchester Evening News\", he began his national newspaper career when he joined the \"Daily Mirror\" in their Manchester office. In 1963 he became their foreign correspondent in Paris, and then from 1965 to 1972, he reported from all over the world for the \"Mirror\". In 1965 he was sent to cover the 1965 India-Pakistan War. Whilst working for the \"Daily Mirror\"s New York City bureau he reported on the 1968 Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. and on the May 1970 Bogota Bracelet scandal involving England's captain, Bobby Moore, before the 1970 World Cup. Hitchen returned to London on the news desk for the \"Daily Mirror\" in 1972, later joining the \"Daily Express\" in the same post where he remained between 1973 and 1978. Hitchen edited the \"Daily Star\" from 1987 to 1994, when he became the editor of the \"Sunday Express\" for a year. In 1996, he set up Brian Hitchen Communications and also became chairman of the \"Kerry Life\" and Irish \"Country Life\" publications. An incident with a car while crossing the road near Alicante, in Spain, led to his wife being killed instantly, while Hitchen himself died from his injuries a few hours later. Hitchen was awarded a CBE in Margaret Thatcher's resignation honours list in 1990.", "Harry Hitchen Henry \"Harry\" Hitchen (22 October 1922 \u2013 9 April 1993) was a professional footballer who played as a central defender in the Football League. Born in Liverpool he represented local side Formby as an amateur before joining New Brighton. After turning professional he joined Sheffield United before finishing his league career with Bury. Growing up in Catherine Street, in Bootle, Liverpool, Hitchen played in local junior football for St Elizabeth's. His playing days were interrupted for service during World War II as a Royal Marine Commando in Burma, China and Egypt. Following the end of the war, Hitchen was playing at centre-half for Formby as an amateur, when he crossed the River Mersey to join Third Division club New Brighton in September 1946, and within weeks made his Football League debut. Outstanding displays for the best part of two seasons persuaded First Division side Sheffield United to part with \u00a33,000 for Hitchen's services in the summer of 1948. Despite being a natural defender, manager Teddy Davison opted to play Hitchen as a centre forward for his debut against Portsmouth in September 1948. Hitchen struggled with his new role and it was not until February of the following year that he became a regular in defence. Although United were relegated at the end of his first term, Hitchen retained his place for three seasons, and was eventually appointed team captain. Hitchen won a Second Division championship medal in 1952\u201353, but had fractured his leg in January 1953 and played in only sixteen games. Following his injury problems, Hitchen moved to Bury in the summer of 1953, but made only two appearances before returning to Non-League football, this time in the Lancashire Combination with Wigan Athletic. Hitchen died in Knowsley, Merseyside in April 1993, aged 70.", "When Hitchen was suspended from his duties for corruption in that year, he engaged Jonathan Wild to keep his business of extortion going in his absence. Hitchen was re-instated in 1714, and found that Wild was now a rival, and one of Wild's first acts of gang warfare was to eliminate as many of the thieves in Hitchen's control as he could. In 1718, Hitchen attempted to expose Wild with his \"A True Discovery of the Conduct of Receivers and Thief-Takers in and about the City of London. \" There he named Wild as a manager and source of crime. Wild replied with \"An Answer to a Late Insolent Libel\" and there explained that Hitchen was a homosexual who visited \"molly houses\" (homosexual brothels). Hitchen attempted to further combat Wild with a pamphlet entitled \"The Regulator,\" which was his characterization of Wild, but Hitchen's prior suspensions from duties and the shocking (at that time) charge of homosexuality virtually eliminated him as a threat to Wild. Wild held a virtual monopoly on crime in London. Legends arose surrounding his management of his \"empire.\" One held that he kept records of all thieves in his employ, and when they had outlived their usefulness, Wild sold them to the gallows for the \u00a340 reward. This supposed system inspired a fake or folk etymology of the phrase \"double cross.\" It is alleged that, when a thief vexed Wild in some way, he put a cross by the thief's name; a second cross condemned the man to be sold to the Crown for hanging. (This fabulous story is contradicted by the fact that the noun \"double cross\" did not enter English usage until 1834.) In public, Wild presented an heroic face. He was the man who returned stolen goods. He was the man who caught criminals.", "Williamson told his relative about the intercourse, and the two returned to the same tavern a week later to catch Hitchen with some other person. They got the cook of the tavern to fetch a watchman and had the marshal arrested. It is considered unlikely that Williamson and his relative spied on Hitchen on their own, as the regular constabulary was firmly under Hitchen's control. Most probably, he had long become an object of disgust for Reforming constables from the same Society, hence their readiness or involvement in Hitchen's prosecution. The trial was held on 12 April 1727. Hitchen was indicted for an assault of sodomy that he committed on 29 March and later for a misdemeanour, both on the same person, Richard Williamson. The prosecutor provided embarrassing details of the crime to the jury. He described how Hitchen and Williamson moved from Royal Oak in the Strand to Rummer Tavern and came to the Talbot Inn, where the under-marshal ordered a bedroom. Along the way in each bar Hitchen offered either beer or wine and showed disgraceful manners. Williamson said he wanted to leave the marshal but was not allowed to, being forced to leave his hat with him and receiving a little money in return. According to Williamson's testimony he was persuaded to follow the marshal into the room, where he \"did all that a beastly appetite could prompt him to\". Williamson reported going to his relative, Joseph Cockrost, who took him back to the tavern and asked to be informed as soon as the prisoner appeared, which happened the following Saturday. In his testimony Cockrost mentioned knocking at the door after seeing \"filthy actions\" through the keyhole. When opening the door he took the marshal by the collar and threatened him, saying, \"I'll whip you through the Gills\" when he laid his hand on the sword.", "Bert Hitchen Albert Reginald Hitchen (1938-13 May 2015) was an English professional road racing cyclist, who had also trained as an engineer with British Railways, becoming later known for his work in the preservation of steam locomotives. Raised in Mirfield, West Yorkshire, Hitchen was a keen cyclist from his boyhood, winning the Yorkshire Junior Championship aged 16. He then toured East Germany the following year, sponsored by soft drinks brand Corona. First racing as a semi professional from 1959, he turned professional in 1967, and retired in 1973. During this period he recorded 30 victories, including the UK national title in 1963 and 1965, as well as two Lincoln Grand Prix victories. In 1963 Hitchen made his one and only appearance in the Tour de France, with a best finish of 41st on stage 1a before withdrawing after stage three. The majority of his cycling career was spent with Viking Cycles, with whom he won two editions of the 275-mile London-Holyhead race, and Falcon Cycles for the final five years. After his retirement from professional cycling, he was appointed the racing team manager of the Falcon Sales Team. Whilst working his way up towards a professional cycling career, from school Hitchen joined British Railways to work on steam locomotives in Mirfield for 18 months, followed by a further 12 months at Wakefield's shed, and then six months at Bradford Hammerton Street. He finished his service with British Railways (BR) in 1952 as a fitter at Mirfield where he worked for the previous 36 months. After leaving BR, and during his semi-professional cycle racing career, Hitchen spent three years looking after Barclay tanks and fireless locomotives at ICI's Dalton works in Huddersfield. After retiring from professional cycling, Hitchen returned to BR, initially working at MPD."], "answer": {"text": "He became known for his critiques of public contemporary figures including Mother Teresa, Bill Clinton and Henry Kissinger", "answer_start": 208}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5d024d0f9d5e431aa844c767ab6d26df_1_q#1", "question": "was there any bad critiques?", "rewrite": "Did Christopher Hitchens give any bad critiques?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Larry Taunton Larry Alex Taunton (born, May 24, 1967) is an American author, columnist, and cultural commentator. Larry Taunton's work has been covered by the BBC, \"The New York Times\", and many others. Larry Taunton has personally engaged some of the most outspoken opponents of Christianity, including Richard Dawkins, Christopher Hitchens, and Peter Singer. In 2007, he organized \"The God Delusion Debate\" on the merits of Dawkins' arguments against Christianity as set forth in his bestselling book, \"The God Delusion\". The discussion was heard by over a million people worldwide. In 2008, he chaired a follow-up debate at the University of Oxford. In 2010, Taunton publicly debated Christopher Hitchens. In 2015, he debated atheist Daniel Dennett and imam Zaid Shakir on Al Jazeera America, as well as skeptic writer Michael Shermer. He has also been a guest on a variety of television and radio shows, and has been quoted by the \"New York Times\" and \"Vanity Fair\", among other newspapers and magazines. When not writing, teaching, or producing, Taunton travels widely, speaking on issues of faith and culture. In 2016, Taunton published a book entitled \"The Faith of Christopher Hitchens\" about his friendship with the late atheist, in which he claimed that Hitchens seemed to be reevaluating his religious options, \"if only theoretically,\" after his cancer diagnosis. But the author is nonetheless clear that he does not believe Christopher Hitchens made a deathbed conversion: \"I make no Lady Hope-like claims regarding Christopher Hitchens. As we have seen, there were no reports of a deathbed conversion.\" Taunton was born at Fort Benning, Georgia. He and his wife, Lauri, have four children and live in Birmingham, Alabama.", "The Faith of Christopher Hitchens The Faith of Christopher Hitchens: The Restless Soul of the World \u2019s Most Notorious Atheist is a 2016 book by American author and evangelist Larry Taunton. Taunton, the Executive Director of Fixed Point Foundation, a non-profit organisation dedicated to defence of the Christian faith, was a friend of the author, columnist, essayist, orator, religious and social critic and journalist Christopher Hitchens. Hitchens was a strong critic of religion and a proponent of atheism. The book \"traces Hitchens spiritual and intellectual development\" and includes claims that Hitchens flirted with Christianity after his diagnosis with terminal cancer and stared \"into the depths of eternity, teetering on the edge of belief\" and \"was wading into Christian waters, getting more than his feet wet\". The book contains several personal attacks on friends of Hitchens, describing Stephen Fry as a \"homosexual activist\", Salman Rushdie as a \"serial blasphemer\" and Lawrence Krauss as a \"smarmy little physicist\". Taunton also characterises Hitchens' funeral as \"like the man himself, largely a celebration of misanthropy, vanity and excess of every kind\". Taunton's book attracted some media attention and Taunton was interviewed on \"Newsnight\" on BBC Two alongside Lawrence Krauss who strongly criticised the book and alleged Taunton was a \"paid associate\" and not a friend of Hitchens. He also suggested Hitchens' widow was \"disgusted\" by the book. \"The Faith of Christopher Hitchens\" received a mixed critical reception. Nick Cohen, a friend of Hitchens, was strongly critical of the book in \"The Guardian\". Cohen described it as \"strange, spiteful\", the \"work of a true fanatic\". Cohen is critical of the several attacks made by Taunton on friends of Hitchens.", "Unhitched (book) Unhitched: The Trial of Christopher Hitchens is a 2013 book about Christopher Hitchens by the British writer Richard Seymour. The book focuses on Hitchens's work on religion, his engagement with British politics and his alleged embrace of American imperialism. In January 2013, Seymour said of \"Unhitched\", \"It is written in the spirit of a trial ... I do attempt to get a sense of the complexity and gifts of the man, but it is very clearly a prosecution, and you can guess my conclusion.\" Seymour assesses Hitchens' conversion from an opponent of neoconservatism to an Iraq War hawk, noting that he belongs to a \"recognizable type: a left-wing defector with a soft spot for empire. \" For Seymour, Hitchens' conversion was the result of a perception of religion as a force for evil and an accompanying sense that the US empire could be a force for good. However, Seymour also traces the origins of Hitchens' neoconservatism to his earlier support for the US and for empires, including his support for the British government in the Falklands War and his view that the Roman conquest of Britain constituted \"a huge advance\". Seymour also considers Hitchens' reversal on the Bosnian War, his call for humanitarian intervention at the end of the Gulf War, his reverence for Rudyard Kipling and George Orwell, and his 2007 defence of the Tunisian government. \"Unhitched\" received a mixed reception from critics. Gregory Shupak, writing for \"In These Times\", a left-wing magazine, argued that Seymour, with his \"gift for reeling off an entire firing squad's worth of bullets in a single sentence\" was also \"plainly a caliber of intellectual that his subject is not.\"", "He felt it was inconsistent with a radical position, which sees the state as \"intrusive on human freedoms\"; though he did support equality at the level of civil partnerships, he didn't see why this should be limited to monogamous relationships. Cockburn criticized the German government for passing restrictive laws against the Church of Scientology, invoking several comparisons with Nazi Germany. Although he stated that Scientology deserved scrutiny, he also maintained that the demonization of any particular unpopular group \u2013 even one officials consider a \"cult\" \u2013 presented a far more imminent danger than the activities of Scientologists, or the organization they belong to. He expressed concern over the designation of \"cult\" status given the Waco Siege of 1993 and how it may have contributed to the demonisation of groups. He later said in 2007 that \"There is more evil in one second of the history of the Roman Catholic Church than there is in the entire lifetime of Scientology\". Given that Alexander Cockburn was perceived as a British leftist (even though he was an Irish citizen) living in the US, he was often compared to Christopher Hitchens who had been a Trotskyist in Britain. The two of them were close friends in the 1980s as Hitchens had just arrived and Cockburn had been in the country for a decade already and was well situated to give Hitchens advice. They would meet regularly in Greenwich Village. Robin Blackburn remarked \"Alexander sort of invented Christopher. He showed him what could be done.\" Along with Ben Sonnenberg, Cockburn became co-godfather to Christopher's son Alexander Meleagrou-Hitchens. Reciprocally, Christopher Hitchens was godfather to Henry Cockburn, the son of Patrick Cockburn and Alexander Cockburn's nephew. Nevertheless, there were ideological differences which opened up between them early on.", "The Rage Against God The Rage Against God (subtitle in US editions: How Atheism Led Me to Faith) is the fifth book by Peter Hitchens, first published in 2010. The book describes Hitchens's journey from atheism, far-left politics, and bohemianism, to Christianity and conservatism, detailing the influences on him that led to his conversion. The book is partly intended as a response to \" God Is Not Great\", a book written by his brother Christopher Hitchens in 2007. Peter Hitchens, with particular reference to events which occurred in the Soviet Union, argues that his brother's verdict on religion is misguided, and that faith in God is both a safeguard against the collapse of civilisation into moral chaos and the best antidote to what he views as the dangerous idea of earthly perfection through utopianism. \"The Rage Against God\" received a mostly favourable reception in the media. In May 2009 \"The Rage Against God\" was anticipated by Michael Gove, who wrote in \"The Times\": Hitchens first referred to \"The Rage Against God\" in August 2009, in one of his weekly columns: \" Above all, I seek to counter the assertion, central to my brother's case ... that the Soviet regime was in fact religious in character. This profound misunderstanding of the nature of the USSR is the key to finding another significant flaw in what is in general his circular argument\". Then, a week before the book's publication, Hitchens wrote: \"... it is obvious much of what I say [in The Rage Against God] arises out of my attempt to debate religion with him [Christopher Hitchens], it would be absurd to pretend that much of what I say here is not intended to counter or undermine arguments he presented in his book, God Is Not Great...\"."], "answer": {"text": "Hitchens described the Christian evangelist Billy Graham as \"a self-conscious fraud\" and \"a disgustingly evil man\".", "answer_start": 637}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Christopher Hitchen's most influential critique?", "answer": {"text": "He became known for his critiques of public contemporary figures including Mother Teresa, Bill Clinton and Henry Kissinger", "answer_start": 208, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5d024d0f9d5e431aa844c767ab6d26df_1_q#3", "question": "Was there a fact that stood out to you about the article?", "rewrite": "Was there a fact about Christopher Hitchens that stood out to you from the article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Faith of Christopher Hitchens The Faith of Christopher Hitchens: The Restless Soul of the World \u2019s Most Notorious Atheist is a 2016 book by American author and evangelist Larry Taunton. Taunton, the Executive Director of Fixed Point Foundation, a non-profit organisation dedicated to defence of the Christian faith, was a friend of the author, columnist, essayist, orator, religious and social critic and journalist Christopher Hitchens. Hitchens was a strong critic of religion and a proponent of atheism. The book \"traces Hitchens spiritual and intellectual development\" and includes claims that Hitchens flirted with Christianity after his diagnosis with terminal cancer and stared \"into the depths of eternity, teetering on the edge of belief\" and \"was wading into Christian waters, getting more than his feet wet\". The book contains several personal attacks on friends of Hitchens, describing Stephen Fry as a \"homosexual activist\", Salman Rushdie as a \"serial blasphemer\" and Lawrence Krauss as a \"smarmy little physicist\". Taunton also characterises Hitchens' funeral as \"like the man himself, largely a celebration of misanthropy, vanity and excess of every kind\". Taunton's book attracted some media attention and Taunton was interviewed on \"Newsnight\" on BBC Two alongside Lawrence Krauss who strongly criticised the book and alleged Taunton was a \"paid associate\" and not a friend of Hitchens. He also suggested Hitchens' widow was \"disgusted\" by the book. \"The Faith of Christopher Hitchens\" received a mixed critical reception. Nick Cohen, a friend of Hitchens, was strongly critical of the book in \"The Guardian\". Cohen described it as \"strange, spiteful\", the \"work of a true fanatic\". Cohen is critical of the several attacks made by Taunton on friends of Hitchens.", "Unhitched (book) Unhitched: The Trial of Christopher Hitchens is a 2013 book about Christopher Hitchens by the British writer Richard Seymour. The book focuses on Hitchens's work on religion, his engagement with British politics and his alleged embrace of American imperialism. In January 2013, Seymour said of \"Unhitched\", \"It is written in the spirit of a trial ... I do attempt to get a sense of the complexity and gifts of the man, but it is very clearly a prosecution, and you can guess my conclusion.\" Seymour assesses Hitchens' conversion from an opponent of neoconservatism to an Iraq War hawk, noting that he belongs to a \"recognizable type: a left-wing defector with a soft spot for empire. \" For Seymour, Hitchens' conversion was the result of a perception of religion as a force for evil and an accompanying sense that the US empire could be a force for good. However, Seymour also traces the origins of Hitchens' neoconservatism to his earlier support for the US and for empires, including his support for the British government in the Falklands War and his view that the Roman conquest of Britain constituted \"a huge advance\". Seymour also considers Hitchens' reversal on the Bosnian War, his call for humanitarian intervention at the end of the Gulf War, his reverence for Rudyard Kipling and George Orwell, and his 2007 defence of the Tunisian government. \"Unhitched\" received a mixed reception from critics. Gregory Shupak, writing for \"In These Times\", a left-wing magazine, argued that Seymour, with his \"gift for reeling off an entire firing squad's worth of bullets in a single sentence\" was also \"plainly a caliber of intellectual that his subject is not.\"", "The Rage Against God The Rage Against God (subtitle in US editions: How Atheism Led Me to Faith) is the fifth book by Peter Hitchens, first published in 2010. The book describes Hitchens's journey from atheism, far-left politics, and bohemianism, to Christianity and conservatism, detailing the influences on him that led to his conversion. The book is partly intended as a response to \" God Is Not Great\", a book written by his brother Christopher Hitchens in 2007. Peter Hitchens, with particular reference to events which occurred in the Soviet Union, argues that his brother's verdict on religion is misguided, and that faith in God is both a safeguard against the collapse of civilisation into moral chaos and the best antidote to what he views as the dangerous idea of earthly perfection through utopianism. \"The Rage Against God\" received a mostly favourable reception in the media. In May 2009 \"The Rage Against God\" was anticipated by Michael Gove, who wrote in \"The Times\": Hitchens first referred to \"The Rage Against God\" in August 2009, in one of his weekly columns: \" Above all, I seek to counter the assertion, central to my brother's case ... that the Soviet regime was in fact religious in character. This profound misunderstanding of the nature of the USSR is the key to finding another significant flaw in what is in general his circular argument\". Then, a week before the book's publication, Hitchens wrote: \"... it is obvious much of what I say [in The Rage Against God] arises out of my attempt to debate religion with him [Christopher Hitchens], it would be absurd to pretend that much of what I say here is not intended to counter or undermine arguments he presented in his book, God Is Not Great...\".", "Christopher Hitchens bibliography Christopher Hitchens (13 April 1949 \u2013 15 December 2011) was a prolific English-American author, political journalist and literary critic. His books, essays, and journalistic career spanned more than four decades. Recognized as a public intellectual, he was a staple of talk shows and lecture circuits. Hitchens was a columnist and literary critic at \"The Atlantic\", \"Vanity Fair\", \"Slate\", \"World Affairs\", \"The Nation\", \"Free Inquiry\", and a variety of other media outlets. Books dedicated to Christopher Hitchens:", "Larry Taunton Larry Alex Taunton (born, May 24, 1967) is an American author, columnist, and cultural commentator. Larry Taunton's work has been covered by the BBC, \"The New York Times\", and many others. Larry Taunton has personally engaged some of the most outspoken opponents of Christianity, including Richard Dawkins, Christopher Hitchens, and Peter Singer. In 2007, he organized \"The God Delusion Debate\" on the merits of Dawkins' arguments against Christianity as set forth in his bestselling book, \"The God Delusion\". The discussion was heard by over a million people worldwide. In 2008, he chaired a follow-up debate at the University of Oxford. In 2010, Taunton publicly debated Christopher Hitchens. In 2015, he debated atheist Daniel Dennett and imam Zaid Shakir on Al Jazeera America, as well as skeptic writer Michael Shermer. He has also been a guest on a variety of television and radio shows, and has been quoted by the \"New York Times\" and \"Vanity Fair\", among other newspapers and magazines. When not writing, teaching, or producing, Taunton travels widely, speaking on issues of faith and culture. In 2016, Taunton published a book entitled \"The Faith of Christopher Hitchens\" about his friendship with the late atheist, in which he claimed that Hitchens seemed to be reevaluating his religious options, \"if only theoretically,\" after his cancer diagnosis. But the author is nonetheless clear that he does not believe Christopher Hitchens made a deathbed conversion: \"I make no Lady Hope-like claims regarding Christopher Hitchens. As we have seen, there were no reports of a deathbed conversion.\" Taunton was born at Fort Benning, Georgia. He and his wife, Lauri, have four children and live in Birmingham, Alabama."], "answer": {"text": "while promoting his book God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything, Hitchens described the Christian evangelist Billy Graham as \"a self-conscious fraud\"", "answer_start": 561}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Christopher Hitchen's most influential critique?", "answer": {"text": "He became known for his critiques of public contemporary figures including Mother Teresa, Bill Clinton and Henry Kissinger", "answer_start": 208, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was there any bad critiques?", "answer": {"text": "Hitchens described the Christian evangelist Billy Graham as \"a self-conscious fraud\" and \"a disgustingly evil man\".", "answer_start": 637, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Mother Teresa say about him?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5d024d0f9d5e431aa844c767ab6d26df_1_q#4", "question": "What other facts were there about Christopher?", "rewrite": "Aside from Christopher Hitchens critiques of contemporary figures, what were some other facts about him?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Why Orwell Matters Why Orwell Matters, released in the UK as Orwell's Victory, is a book-length biographical essay by Christopher Hitchens. In it, the author relates George Orwell's thoughts on and actions in relation to: At the end of the book, Hitchens critiques Orwell's novels and legacy. An essay sequel to the book, \"Why Orwell Still Matters,\" appears in John Rodden's 2007 compilation \"The Cambridge Companion to George Orwell\" (). \"Publishers Weekly\" wrote, \"Hitchens brilliantly marshals his deep knowledge of Orwell's work. Fans of Orwell will enjoy Hitchens's learned and convincing defense, while those unfamiliar with Orwell may perhaps be induced to return to the source.\" George Packer of \"The Independent\" gave the book a mixed review, however, remarking, \"\"Why Orwell Matters\" is presented by its publisher as a case of posthumous affinity between writers across generations, but critic and subject turn out to be mismatched, and it's the critic who suffers as a result.\" Despite praising many of Hitchens's analyses of Orwell, Packer added, \"For a slender book, \"Why Orwell Matters\" is oddly unfocused and hard to get through. What Hitchens has to say is what a sympathetic reader of Orwell would want said. But he never sustains a line of thought long enough or searchingly enough to reach a truly provocative insight. There's no sense of a deepening engagement with the subject; one is never allowed to forget the gesticulating presence of the critic. The valuable reflections on Orwell keep getting interrupted by a series of asides, ripostes and thrusts into tangled little backwaters.\"", "Larry Taunton Larry Alex Taunton (born, May 24, 1967) is an American author, columnist, and cultural commentator. Larry Taunton's work has been covered by the BBC, \"The New York Times\", and many others. Larry Taunton has personally engaged some of the most outspoken opponents of Christianity, including Richard Dawkins, Christopher Hitchens, and Peter Singer. In 2007, he organized \"The God Delusion Debate\" on the merits of Dawkins' arguments against Christianity as set forth in his bestselling book, \"The God Delusion\". The discussion was heard by over a million people worldwide. In 2008, he chaired a follow-up debate at the University of Oxford. In 2010, Taunton publicly debated Christopher Hitchens. In 2015, he debated atheist Daniel Dennett and imam Zaid Shakir on Al Jazeera America, as well as skeptic writer Michael Shermer. He has also been a guest on a variety of television and radio shows, and has been quoted by the \"New York Times\" and \"Vanity Fair\", among other newspapers and magazines. When not writing, teaching, or producing, Taunton travels widely, speaking on issues of faith and culture. In 2016, Taunton published a book entitled \"The Faith of Christopher Hitchens\" about his friendship with the late atheist, in which he claimed that Hitchens seemed to be reevaluating his religious options, \"if only theoretically,\" after his cancer diagnosis. But the author is nonetheless clear that he does not believe Christopher Hitchens made a deathbed conversion: \"I make no Lady Hope-like claims regarding Christopher Hitchens. As we have seen, there were no reports of a deathbed conversion.\" Taunton was born at Fort Benning, Georgia. He and his wife, Lauri, have four children and live in Birmingham, Alabama.", "The Faith of Christopher Hitchens The Faith of Christopher Hitchens: The Restless Soul of the World \u2019s Most Notorious Atheist is a 2016 book by American author and evangelist Larry Taunton. Taunton, the Executive Director of Fixed Point Foundation, a non-profit organisation dedicated to defence of the Christian faith, was a friend of the author, columnist, essayist, orator, religious and social critic and journalist Christopher Hitchens. Hitchens was a strong critic of religion and a proponent of atheism. The book \"traces Hitchens spiritual and intellectual development\" and includes claims that Hitchens flirted with Christianity after his diagnosis with terminal cancer and stared \"into the depths of eternity, teetering on the edge of belief\" and \"was wading into Christian waters, getting more than his feet wet\". The book contains several personal attacks on friends of Hitchens, describing Stephen Fry as a \"homosexual activist\", Salman Rushdie as a \"serial blasphemer\" and Lawrence Krauss as a \"smarmy little physicist\". Taunton also characterises Hitchens' funeral as \"like the man himself, largely a celebration of misanthropy, vanity and excess of every kind\". Taunton's book attracted some media attention and Taunton was interviewed on \"Newsnight\" on BBC Two alongside Lawrence Krauss who strongly criticised the book and alleged Taunton was a \"paid associate\" and not a friend of Hitchens. He also suggested Hitchens' widow was \"disgusted\" by the book. \"The Faith of Christopher Hitchens\" received a mixed critical reception. Nick Cohen, a friend of Hitchens, was strongly critical of the book in \"The Guardian\". Cohen described it as \"strange, spiteful\", the \"work of a true fanatic\". Cohen is critical of the several attacks made by Taunton on friends of Hitchens.", "Love, Poverty, and War Love, Poverty, and War: Journeys and Essays is a collection of essays and reportage by the author, journalist, and literary critic Christopher Hitchens. The title of the book is explained in the introduction, which informs the reader that \"an antique saying has it that a man's life is incomplete unless or until he has tasted love, poverty, and war.\" The \"Love\" section includes essays on some of Hitchens's favourite literary figures: Evelyn Waugh, James Joyce, Leon Trotsky and Rudyard Kipling; \"Poverty\" includes critiques of the likes of Mother Teresa, Michael Moore, Mel Gibson and David Irving; while \"War\" is divided into the sections \"Before September\" and \"After September\", the latter showing Hitchens' reaction to the September 11 attacks. As Colm T\u00f3ib\u00edn observes in his review, \"the book is overshadowed by that day and by Hitchens's response to it. \" It was, in Hitchens's words, \"a condensed day of love, poverty, and war, all right.\" \"Love, Poverty, and War\" was praised in \"Kirkus Reviews\" as \"a well-turned collection with scarcely a false note\", with the author's \"fierce and nuanced patriotism in the wake of 9/11\" singled out. In \"The Daily Telegraph\", Robert Douglas-Fairhurst billed Hitchens as \"the charging rhinoceros of English letters\" and wrote that although \"pieces generated by the heat and smoke of 9/11 jostle with slighter essays on Bob Dylan and the masturbatory excesses of \"Ulysses\" [...] there are times when Hitchens writes so well that you would forgive him almost anything. \"", "Hitchens wrote book-length biographical essays about Thomas Jefferson (Thomas Jefferson: Author of America), Thomas Paine (Thomas Paine's \"Rights of Man\": A Biography) and George Orwell (Why Orwell Matters). He became known for his critiques of public contemporary figures including Mother Teresa, Bill Clinton and Henry Kissinger-- the subjects of three separate full length texts, The Missionary Position: Mother Teresa in Theory and Practice, No One Left to Lie To: The Triangulations of William Jefferson Clinton, and The Trial of Henry Kissinger. In 2007, while promoting his book God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything, Hitchens described the Christian evangelist Billy Graham as \"a self-conscious fraud\" and \"a disgustingly evil man\". Hitchens claimed that the evangelist, who had recently been hospitalized for intestinal bleeding, made a living by \"going around spouting lies to young people. What a horrible career. I gather it's soon to be over. I certainly hope so.\" In response to the comments, writers Nancy Gibbs and Michael Duffy published an article in Time Magazine in which, among other things, they refuted Hitchens's suggestion that Graham went into ministry to make money. They argued that during his career Graham 'turn[ed] down million-dollar television and Hollywood offers'. They also pointed out that having established the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association in 1950, Graham drew a straight salary, comparable to that of a senior minister, irrespective of the money raised by his meetings. Other of Hitchens's critiques took the form of opinion pieces or lengthy lectures, including his critiques of Jerry Falwell, George Galloway, Slobodan Milosevic, Mel Gibson, the 14th Dalai Lama, Michael Moore, Daniel Pipes, Ronald Reagan, Jesse Helms, and Cindy Sheehan."], "answer": {"text": "Other of Hitchens's critiques took the form of opinion pieces or lengthy lectures, including his critiques of Jerry Falwell, George Galloway, Slobodan Milosevic, Mel Gibson,", "answer_start": 1531}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Who was Christopher Hitchen's most influential critique?", "answer": {"text": "He became known for his critiques of public contemporary figures including Mother Teresa, Bill Clinton and Henry Kissinger", "answer_start": 208, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was there any bad critiques?", "answer": {"text": "Hitchens described the Christian evangelist Billy Graham as \"a self-conscious fraud\" and \"a disgustingly evil man\".", "answer_start": 637, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Mother Teresa say about him?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there a fact that stood out to you about the article?", "answer": {"text": "while promoting his book God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything, Hitchens described the Christian evangelist Billy Graham as \"a self-conscious fraud\"", "answer_start": 561, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5d024d0f9d5e431aa844c767ab6d26df_1_q#7", "question": "what else can you tell me about Christopher that was inspiring?", "rewrite": "Aside from his critiques what other inspiring information can you tell me about Christopher Hitchens?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Larry Taunton Larry Alex Taunton (born, May 24, 1967) is an American author, columnist, and cultural commentator. Larry Taunton's work has been covered by the BBC, \"The New York Times\", and many others. Larry Taunton has personally engaged some of the most outspoken opponents of Christianity, including Richard Dawkins, Christopher Hitchens, and Peter Singer. In 2007, he organized \"The God Delusion Debate\" on the merits of Dawkins' arguments against Christianity as set forth in his bestselling book, \"The God Delusion\". The discussion was heard by over a million people worldwide. In 2008, he chaired a follow-up debate at the University of Oxford. In 2010, Taunton publicly debated Christopher Hitchens. In 2015, he debated atheist Daniel Dennett and imam Zaid Shakir on Al Jazeera America, as well as skeptic writer Michael Shermer. He has also been a guest on a variety of television and radio shows, and has been quoted by the \"New York Times\" and \"Vanity Fair\", among other newspapers and magazines. When not writing, teaching, or producing, Taunton travels widely, speaking on issues of faith and culture. In 2016, Taunton published a book entitled \"The Faith of Christopher Hitchens\" about his friendship with the late atheist, in which he claimed that Hitchens seemed to be reevaluating his religious options, \"if only theoretically,\" after his cancer diagnosis. But the author is nonetheless clear that he does not believe Christopher Hitchens made a deathbed conversion: \"I make no Lady Hope-like claims regarding Christopher Hitchens. As we have seen, there were no reports of a deathbed conversion.\" Taunton was born at Fort Benning, Georgia. He and his wife, Lauri, have four children and live in Birmingham, Alabama.", "The Faith of Christopher Hitchens The Faith of Christopher Hitchens: The Restless Soul of the World \u2019s Most Notorious Atheist is a 2016 book by American author and evangelist Larry Taunton. Taunton, the Executive Director of Fixed Point Foundation, a non-profit organisation dedicated to defence of the Christian faith, was a friend of the author, columnist, essayist, orator, religious and social critic and journalist Christopher Hitchens. Hitchens was a strong critic of religion and a proponent of atheism. The book \"traces Hitchens spiritual and intellectual development\" and includes claims that Hitchens flirted with Christianity after his diagnosis with terminal cancer and stared \"into the depths of eternity, teetering on the edge of belief\" and \"was wading into Christian waters, getting more than his feet wet\". The book contains several personal attacks on friends of Hitchens, describing Stephen Fry as a \"homosexual activist\", Salman Rushdie as a \"serial blasphemer\" and Lawrence Krauss as a \"smarmy little physicist\". Taunton also characterises Hitchens' funeral as \"like the man himself, largely a celebration of misanthropy, vanity and excess of every kind\". Taunton's book attracted some media attention and Taunton was interviewed on \"Newsnight\" on BBC Two alongside Lawrence Krauss who strongly criticised the book and alleged Taunton was a \"paid associate\" and not a friend of Hitchens. He also suggested Hitchens' widow was \"disgusted\" by the book. \"The Faith of Christopher Hitchens\" received a mixed critical reception. Nick Cohen, a friend of Hitchens, was strongly critical of the book in \"The Guardian\". Cohen described it as \"strange, spiteful\", the \"work of a true fanatic\". Cohen is critical of the several attacks made by Taunton on friends of Hitchens.", "The Rage Against God The Rage Against God (subtitle in US editions: How Atheism Led Me to Faith) is the fifth book by Peter Hitchens, first published in 2010. The book describes Hitchens's journey from atheism, far-left politics, and bohemianism, to Christianity and conservatism, detailing the influences on him that led to his conversion. The book is partly intended as a response to \" God Is Not Great\", a book written by his brother Christopher Hitchens in 2007. Peter Hitchens, with particular reference to events which occurred in the Soviet Union, argues that his brother's verdict on religion is misguided, and that faith in God is both a safeguard against the collapse of civilisation into moral chaos and the best antidote to what he views as the dangerous idea of earthly perfection through utopianism. \"The Rage Against God\" received a mostly favourable reception in the media. In May 2009 \"The Rage Against God\" was anticipated by Michael Gove, who wrote in \"The Times\": Hitchens first referred to \"The Rage Against God\" in August 2009, in one of his weekly columns: \" Above all, I seek to counter the assertion, central to my brother's case ... that the Soviet regime was in fact religious in character. This profound misunderstanding of the nature of the USSR is the key to finding another significant flaw in what is in general his circular argument\". Then, a week before the book's publication, Hitchens wrote: \"... it is obvious much of what I say [in The Rage Against God] arises out of my attempt to debate religion with him [Christopher Hitchens], it would be absurd to pretend that much of what I say here is not intended to counter or undermine arguments he presented in his book, God Is Not Great...\".", "Christopher Hitchens bibliography Christopher Hitchens (13 April 1949 \u2013 15 December 2011) was a prolific English-American author, political journalist and literary critic. His books, essays, and journalistic career spanned more than four decades. Recognized as a public intellectual, he was a staple of talk shows and lecture circuits. Hitchens was a columnist and literary critic at \"The Atlantic\", \"Vanity Fair\", \"Slate\", \"World Affairs\", \"The Nation\", \"Free Inquiry\", and a variety of other media outlets. Books dedicated to Christopher Hitchens:", "Unhitched (book) Unhitched: The Trial of Christopher Hitchens is a 2013 book about Christopher Hitchens by the British writer Richard Seymour. The book focuses on Hitchens's work on religion, his engagement with British politics and his alleged embrace of American imperialism. In January 2013, Seymour said of \"Unhitched\", \"It is written in the spirit of a trial ... I do attempt to get a sense of the complexity and gifts of the man, but it is very clearly a prosecution, and you can guess my conclusion.\" Seymour assesses Hitchens' conversion from an opponent of neoconservatism to an Iraq War hawk, noting that he belongs to a \"recognizable type: a left-wing defector with a soft spot for empire. \" For Seymour, Hitchens' conversion was the result of a perception of religion as a force for evil and an accompanying sense that the US empire could be a force for good. However, Seymour also traces the origins of Hitchens' neoconservatism to his earlier support for the US and for empires, including his support for the British government in the Falklands War and his view that the Roman conquest of Britain constituted \"a huge advance\". Seymour also considers Hitchens' reversal on the Bosnian War, his call for humanitarian intervention at the end of the Gulf War, his reverence for Rudyard Kipling and George Orwell, and his 2007 defence of the Tunisian government. \"Unhitched\" received a mixed reception from critics. Gregory Shupak, writing for \"In These Times\", a left-wing magazine, argued that Seymour, with his \"gift for reeling off an entire firing squad's worth of bullets in a single sentence\" was also \"plainly a caliber of intellectual that his subject is not.\""], "answer": {"text": "Hitchens wrote book-length biographical essays about Thomas Jefferson (Thomas Jefferson: Author of America), Thomas Paine (Thomas Paine's \"Rights of Man\": A Biography) and George Orwell (", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Christopher Hitchen's most influential critique?", "answer": {"text": "He became known for his critiques of public contemporary figures including Mother Teresa, Bill Clinton and Henry Kissinger", "answer_start": 208, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was there any bad critiques?", "answer": {"text": "Hitchens described the Christian evangelist Billy Graham as \"a self-conscious fraud\" and \"a disgustingly evil man\".", "answer_start": 637, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Mother Teresa say about him?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there a fact that stood out to you about the article?", "answer": {"text": "while promoting his book God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything, Hitchens described the Christian evangelist Billy Graham as \"a self-conscious fraud\"", "answer_start": 561, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other facts were there about Christopher?", "answer": {"text": "Other of Hitchens's critiques took the form of opinion pieces or lengthy lectures, including his critiques of Jerry Falwell, George Galloway, Slobodan Milosevic, Mel Gibson,", "answer_start": 1531, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who of other influential people critiqued him?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what positive saying that was said about Christopher?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c98070394aaf4ed085f19966a131310d_1_q#0", "question": "what happened in 2003", "rewrite": "what happened in 2003", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rot-Wei\u00df Erfurt got a goal from Olivier Caillas and a goal from the penalty spot from Nils Pfingsten-Reddig. The 23rd match happened on 12 February 2011 against Hansa Rostock. Hansa Rostock won 2\u20130 with goals from Mohammed Lartey and Radovan Vujanovi\u0107. The 24th match happened on 16 February 2011 against Jahn Regensburg. Werder Bremen II won 2\u20130 with a goal from Pascal Testroet and a goal from the penalty spot from Felix Kroos. The 25th match happened on 19 February 2011 against Koblenz. Koblenz won 2\u20130 with goals from Andr\u00e9 Hahn and Manuel Hornig. The 26th match happened on 26 February 2011 against Stuttgart II. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Kevin Artmann scored for Werder Bremen II and Alexander Aschauer scored for Stuttgart II. Kevin Maek was sent-off during the match. The 27th match happened on 5 March 2011 against Unterhaching. Unterhaching won 2\u20130 with goals from Markus Schwabl and Abdenour Amachaibou. The 28th match happened on 11 March 2011 against Babelsberg. Werder Bremen II won 1\u20130 with a goal from Stefan Ronneburg. The 29th match happened on 19 March 2011 against Wacker Burghausen. Wacker Burghausen won 2\u20131. Kevin Schindler scored for Werder Bremen II. Darlington Omodiagbe and Christian Holzer scored for Wacker Burghausen. The 30th match happened on 1 April 2011 against Kickers Offenbach. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. The 31st match happened on 6 April 2011 against Eintracht Braunschweig. Werder Bremen II won 2\u20131. Predrag Stevanovi\u0107 scored two goals for Werder Bremen II.", "2009\u201310 Borussia Dortmund II season The 2009\u201310 Borussia Dortmund II season happened between 25 July 2009 and 8 May 2010. Borussia Dortmund II opened up the season against Wacker Burghausen on 25 July 2009. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 4\u20133. Borussia Dortmund II got two goals from Sebastian Tyrala and a goal from Sebastian Hille. Wacker Burghausen got three goals from Christian Holzer and a goal from Christian Cappek. Matchday two happened on 28 July 2009 against Eintracht Braunschweig. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. Matchday three happened on 7 August 2009 against Werder Bremen II. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Torsten Oehrl. Matchday four happened on 15 August 2009 against Kickers Offenbach. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. Matchday five happened on 21 August 2009 against FC Ingolstadt. Borussia Dortmund II won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Yasin. Matchday six happened on 28 August 2009 against SpVgg Unterhaching. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 2\u20131. Borussia Dortmund II got a goal from Sebastian Hille. Sebastian Mitterhuber and Robert Zillner scored for Unterhaching. Matchday seven happened on 2 September 2009 against Carl Zeiss Jena. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 2\u20131. J\u00f6rn Neumeister scored for Borussia Dortmund II. Assani Lukimya and Marco Riemer scored for Carl Zeiss Jena. Matchday eight happened on 6 September 2009 against Dynamo Dresden. Borussia Dortmund II won 1\u20130 with a goal from Marcus Piossek. Matchday nine happened on 12 September 2009 against 1. FC Heidenheim.", "Uwe H\u00fcnemeier scored for Borussia Dortmund II. Tobias Kempe scored two goals for Werder Bremen II. Matchday 26 happened on 17 March 2010 Carl Zeiss Jena. Carl Zeiss Jena won the match 3\u20130 with two goals from Orlando Smeekes and a goal from Timo Nagy. Matchday 29 happened on 20 March 2010 against Wuppertal. Borussia Dortmund II won the match 2\u20130 with goals from Lukas Nottbeck and Marcel Gro\u00dfkreutz. Matchday 24 happened on 24 March 2010 against Ingolstadt. Ingolstadt won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Fabian Gerber. Matchday 30 happened on 27 March 2010 against Stuttgart II. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 2\u20131. Daniel Ginczek scored for Borussia Dortmund II. Tobias Rathgeb and Marco Pischorn scored for Stuttgart II. Matchday 31 happened on 31 March 2010 against Wehen Wiesbaden. Wehen Wiesbaden won the match 2\u20130 with goals from Thorsten Barg and Dominik Stroh-Engel. Matchday 32 happened on 4 April 2010 against Sandhausen. Borussia Dortmund II won the match 2\u20131. Sebastian Hille scored two goals for Borussia Dortmund II. Mario Pokar scored for Sandhausen. Matchday 27 happened on 7 April 2010 against Dynamo Dresden. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 3\u20132. Uwe H\u00fcnemeier and Yasin scored for Borussia Dortmund II. Dynamo Dresden got two goals from Halil Savran and a goal from Maik Kegel. Matchday 33 happened on 10 April 2010 against Bayern Munich II. Bayern Munich II won the match 3\u20130 with goals from Sa\u00ebr S\u00e8ne, Deniz Y\u0131lmaz, and Tom Sch\u00fctz.", "Ingolstadt got two goals from Stefan Leitl, and a goal each from Moritz Hartmann and Robert Braber. Matchday eight happened on 15 September 2009 against Kickers Offenbach. Kickers Offenbach won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from David Ulm. Matchday 10 happened on 19 September 2009 against SpVgg Unterhaching. Werder Bremen II won the match 3\u20131. Werder Bremen II got two goals from Onur Ay\u0131k and a goal from Nicolas Feldhahn. \u00d6mer Kanca scored for Unterhaching. Felix Schiller was sent-off during the match. Matchday 11 happened on 26 September 2009 against Carl Zeiss Jena. The match finished in a 2\u20132 draw. Pascal Testroet scored two goals for Werder Bremen II. Orlando Smeekes and Salvatore Amirante scored for Carl Zeiss Jena. Matchday 12 happened on 3 October 2009 against Dynamo Dresden. Werder Bremen II won the match 2\u20130 with two goals from Torsten Oehrl. Matchday 13 happened on 17 October 2009 against 1. FC Heidenheim. Werder Bremen II won the match 2\u20131. Pascal Testroet scored two goals for Werder Bremen II. Dieter Jarosch scored for Heidenheim. Matchday 14 happened on 24 October 2009 against Wuppertaler SV. Wuppertal won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Andr\u00e9s Formento. Matchday 15 happened on 30 October 2009 against VfB Stuttgart II. Werder Bremen II won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Onur Ay\u0131k. Matchday 16 happened on 7 November 2009 against Wehen Wiesbaden.", "Matchday 22 happened on 10 March 2010 against Borussia Dortmund II. Werder Bremen II won the match 2\u20131. Tobias Kempe scored two goals for Werder Bremen II. Kempe's first goal was from the penalty spot. Uwe H\u00fcnemeier scored from the penalty spot for Burussia Dortmund II. Matchday 28 happened on 13 March 2010 against Ingolstadt. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. Matchday 21 happened on 16 March 2010 against Osnabr\u00fcck. Osnabr\u00fcck won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Alexander Dercho. Matchday 21 happened on 21 March 2010 against Unterhaching. Werder Bremen II won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Nicolas Feldhahn. Markus Schwabl was sent-off during the match. Matchday 24 happened on 24 March 2010 against Wacker Burghausen. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Lennart Thy scored for Werder Bremen II and Christian Holzer scored for Wacker Burghausen. Matchday 30 happened on 28 March 2010 against Carl Zeiss Jena. Carl Zeiss Jena won the match 2\u20131. Kevin Artmann scored for Werder Bremen II. Orlando Smeekes and Melvin Holwijn scored for Carl Zeiss Jena. M\u00e1rk\u00f3 Fut\u00e1cs was sent-off during the match. Matchday 31 happened on 31 March 2010 against Dynamo Dresden. Dynamo Dresden won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Robert Koch. Matchday 32 happened on 3 April 2010 against Heidenheim. The matchday finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Onur Ay\u0131k scored for Werder Bremen II and Andreas Spann scored for Heidenheim. Stefan Ronneburg was sent-off during the match. Matchday 25 happened on 7 April 2010 against Eintracht Braunschweig."], "answer": {"text": "In 2003, her self-titled fourth album was released on her new label, Capitol Records.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c98070394aaf4ed085f19966a131310d_1_q#2", "question": "which producer did she worked with", "rewrite": "which producer did Phair work with", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Liz Phair (album) Liz Phair is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Liz Phair, released June 24, 2003 on Capitol Records. \"Why Can't I?\" and \"Extraordinary\" were released as singles. Phair began production on the album with Michael Penn. \" Liz Phair\" debuted at #27 on the \"Billboard\" 200. As of July 2010, the album had sold 433,000 copies. Initially, Phair worked on tracks for the album with songwriter Michael Penn as the producer, but the finished album received a lukewarm reception from Capitol. Having already exhausted the recording budget, label president Andy Slater offered Phair more money to record if she agreed to work on possible singles with the production team the Matrix, who had worked with singers such as Avril Lavigne, Britney Spears, and Hilary Duff. Phair collaborated with the Matrix on \"Why Can't I?\", \"Extraordinary\", \"Favorite\", and \"Rock Me\". \"Liz Phair\" was met with mixed reviews from critics. At Metacritic, a review aggregator site, the album holds a score of 40 out of 100. Many decried Phair for \"selling out\", and she became a \"pi\u00f1ata for critics\", according to \"The New York Times\". The newspaper's Meghan O'Rourke titled her review of the album \"Liz Phair's Exile in Avril-ville\", and complained that Phair \"gushes like a teenager\", having \"committed an embarrassing form of career suicide. \" Matt LeMay from \"Pitchfork\" rated the album a 0.0 out of 10, stating, \"it's sad that an artist as groundbreaking as Phair would be reduced to cheap publicity stunts and hyper-commercialized teen-pop.\" Others were more enthusiastic about the record.", "Caspar Phair Caspar Phair (died 1933) was one of the early settlers of Lillooet, British Columbia, Canada, arriving about 1877 to take up the role of the village's school teacher.. He emigrated from Ireland. Caspar Phair became Lillooet's Government Agent, a position which at one time encompassed a wide-ranging assemblage of duties. In time he assumed the roles of magistrate, chief constable, coroner, fire chief, and game warden. His lasting mark was made in business as a merchant-launching the family's general store on a 'run' that would extend over 50 years. In 1879 he married Cerise Eyre, daughter of Maria Josephine Martley by a previous marriage. Cerise Armit Eyre and her sister Mary Eyre had remained in England with their grandparent's when the Martley's travelled to the new colony of British Columbia in 1861. Maria's daughter's by Eyre joined the family in 1871. The wedding took place on The Grange,the Martley ranching property near Pavilion. Cerise's sister Mary would marry Henry Cornwall of Ashcroft Ranch. In the 1890s the Phairs had a residence that they named Longford House, built in Lillooet. This elegant building is said to be partially modeled on and named after Mrs Phair's home in Eyrecourt, of County Galway in Ireland. Longford survives to this day as the village's only significant example of heritage-quality domestic architecture. Caspar Phair's son, A.W.A. (Artie) Phair, was a coroner as well as a noted chronicler and photographer of Lillooet's history. Caspar and Cerise Phair died in 1933, leaving their house to Harold Phair, Artie's son.", "Exile in Guyville Exile in Guyville is the debut album by American indie rock singer-songwriter Liz Phair. It was released in June 1993 to widespread critical and commercial success, and it was ranked at 327 by Rolling Stone in its 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list. As of July 2010, the album had sold 491,000 copies. In the summer of 1991, Phair wrote and recorded songs on audio cassette tapes, which she circulated in Chicago using the moniker Girly-Sound. Initially, she sent out only two tapes, one to Tae Won Yu from the band Kicking Giant, and the other to Chris Brokaw. The recipients of the Girly-Sound tapes circulated copies with other early fans. John Henderson, owner of the Chicago indie label Feel Good All Over, heard the tapes and contacted Phair. Soon she moved into his apartment and started playing her songs to him. Henderson brought in producer Brad Wood to help develop the 4-track demos into full songs. Originally, Phair's recordings were supposed to come out on Henderson's label. However, the whole process was made difficult by the fact that he and Phair had opposite ideas regarding what direction to take in terms of sound. Henderson preferred a stripped-down but precise sound, possibly with outside musicians, while Phair wanted a fuller sound. Phair has stated, \"We both wanted something for me. He was projecting onto me what he wanted my music to come out like, which was wrong. So I blew him off.\" Eventually, Henderson stopped showing up at the studio, which made Phair move out of his apartment and start working exclusively with Brad Wood on what would become \"Exile in Guyville\". Eventually, a Girly-Sound tape had made it to the head of Matador Records.", "In 2003, her self-titled fourth album was released on her new label, Capitol Records. Phair had not released an album in several years; she had been working on her record, as well as making guest appearances on other tracks (she lent backing vocals to the Sheryl Crow hit \"Soak Up the Sun\"). Initially, Phair worked on several album tracks with songwriter Michael Penn as the producer. When she submitted the finished Penn-produced album to Capitol, the label gave it a lukewarm reception and was unwilling to release it as submitted. Having already exhausted her recording budget, label president Andy Slater offered Phair more money to record only if Phair agreed to work with the production team known as The Matrix (best known as songwriters for Britney Spears and Avril Lavigne) to come up with some singles for the album. Phair's collaboration with the Matrix resulted in only four songs, but much of the media attention focused solely on the Matrix-produced tracks, which were a departure from her earlier work. The album received many negative reviews, especially from the independent music press, who accused Phair of \"selling out\" by making the record very pop-oriented. Liz Phair provoked a strong backlash from critics and disappointed fans of her earlier work. Many decried her for \"selling out\", and she became a \"pinata for critics.\" The New York Times' Meghan O'Rourke's review, titled \"Liz Phair's Exile in Avril-ville\", said that Phair \"gushes like a teenager\" and had \"committed an embarrassing form of career suicide.\" Somebody's Miracle, Phair's fifth album (and final album with Capitol Records), was released on October 4, 2005.", "Liz Phair has described \"Whip-Smart\" as a chronicle of the beginning, middle and end of a relationship: \"a rock fairy tale, from meeting the guy, falling for him, getting him and not getting him, going through the disillusionment period, saying ' Fuck it,' and leaving, coming back to it. \" Phair also described the sound of the album as more confident and playful -- and less frustrated, tense, and sexual -- than \"Exile in Guyville\". Phair is credited, along with Matador Records' in-house art designer Mark Ohe, with the album's art and layout. The cover image incorporates a Soviet propaganda poster. The inner liner notes feature a series of Polaroid photographs taken by Phair herself. Critical reception was generally favorable. Richie Unterberger of Allmusic states that \"if there are flaws in this generally first-rate follow-up, they mostly arise in comparison with Guyville, a record of such unexpected impact that most anything Phair could have done may have been found lacking\" and that \"there's no question that Phair is a major songwriter and artist, but this album is more a solidification of her talents than a breakthrough statement. \" \"Whip-Smart\" debuted at #27 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and spent 17 weeks on the charts. The lead single \"Supernova\" received somewhat heavy rotation on radio stations and the music video was aired on MTV. The song went on to hit #6 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart and #78 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In fact, \"Supernova\" introduced Phair to a new audience and still remains one of her most recognizable songs. In 1995, it was nominated for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance in the 37th Annual Grammy Awards. Phair was featured on the cover of \"Rolling Stone\" on the week"], "answer": {"text": "Initially, Phair worked on several album tracks with songwriter Michael Penn as the producer.", "answer_start": 292}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in 2003", "answer": {"text": "In 2003, her self-titled fourth album was released on her new label, Capitol Records.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the album a success", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c98070394aaf4ed085f19966a131310d_1_q#3", "question": "what other album did she released", "rewrite": "Besides Liz Phair what other album did Phair release", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2003, her self-titled fourth album was released on her new label, Capitol Records. Phair had not released an album in several years; she had been working on her record, as well as making guest appearances on other tracks (she lent backing vocals to the Sheryl Crow hit \"Soak Up the Sun\"). Initially, Phair worked on several album tracks with songwriter Michael Penn as the producer. When she submitted the finished Penn-produced album to Capitol, the label gave it a lukewarm reception and was unwilling to release it as submitted. Having already exhausted her recording budget, label president Andy Slater offered Phair more money to record only if Phair agreed to work with the production team known as The Matrix (best known as songwriters for Britney Spears and Avril Lavigne) to come up with some singles for the album. Phair's collaboration with the Matrix resulted in only four songs, but much of the media attention focused solely on the Matrix-produced tracks, which were a departure from her earlier work. The album received many negative reviews, especially from the independent music press, who accused Phair of \"selling out\" by making the record very pop-oriented. Liz Phair provoked a strong backlash from critics and disappointed fans of her earlier work. Many decried her for \"selling out\", and she became a \"pinata for critics.\" The New York Times' Meghan O'Rourke's review, titled \"Liz Phair's Exile in Avril-ville\", said that Phair \"gushes like a teenager\" and had \"committed an embarrassing form of career suicide.\" Somebody's Miracle, Phair's fifth album (and final album with Capitol Records), was released on October 4, 2005.", "Liz Phair (album) Liz Phair is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Liz Phair, released June 24, 2003 on Capitol Records. \"Why Can't I?\" and \"Extraordinary\" were released as singles. Phair began production on the album with Michael Penn. \" Liz Phair\" debuted at #27 on the \"Billboard\" 200. As of July 2010, the album had sold 433,000 copies. Initially, Phair worked on tracks for the album with songwriter Michael Penn as the producer, but the finished album received a lukewarm reception from Capitol. Having already exhausted the recording budget, label president Andy Slater offered Phair more money to record if she agreed to work on possible singles with the production team the Matrix, who had worked with singers such as Avril Lavigne, Britney Spears, and Hilary Duff. Phair collaborated with the Matrix on \"Why Can't I?\", \"Extraordinary\", \"Favorite\", and \"Rock Me\". \"Liz Phair\" was met with mixed reviews from critics. At Metacritic, a review aggregator site, the album holds a score of 40 out of 100. Many decried Phair for \"selling out\", and she became a \"pi\u00f1ata for critics\", according to \"The New York Times\". The newspaper's Meghan O'Rourke titled her review of the album \"Liz Phair's Exile in Avril-ville\", and complained that Phair \"gushes like a teenager\", having \"committed an embarrassing form of career suicide. \" Matt LeMay from \"Pitchfork\" rated the album a 0.0 out of 10, stating, \"it's sad that an artist as groundbreaking as Phair would be reduced to cheap publicity stunts and hyper-commercialized teen-pop.\" Others were more enthusiastic about the record.", "Comeandgetit comeandgetit is the second EP released by American singer-songwriter Liz Phair composed of 5 out-takes from her self-titled album. It was available as bonus material for those who purchased the album. The CD-ROM portion of the \"Liz Phair\" CD contains links to the \"comeandgetit\" site where the tracks and cover art are available for download. The tracks are DRM protected, rendering them theoretically unrecordable. \" comeandgetit\" was available as a hard copy at select 2004 Liz Phair live shows after purchasing merchandise. Physical copies are still scarcely available. Additionally, in 2004, Capitol Records prepared a regular manufactured CD of the EP, with the same tracks, but different cover art. This CD was not intended for commercial sale, but instead for promotional distribution. As of 2006, the EP is no longer available for digital download, even if one has a physical copy of \"Liz Phair\". However, if the EP had already been downloaded, Windows Media Player was still able to locate and download the necessary license to play the file. Tracks 1-3 produced and recorded by Michael Penn and mixed by Mike Shipley. Track 4 produced by Liz Phair, recorded by Doug Boehm, and mixed by Howard Willing. Track 5 is a demo and mixed by Mike Gilnes.", "Bollywood (Liz Phair song) \"Bollywood\" is a song by American recording artist Liz Phair. The song was her first release after breaking from Capitol Records and Dave Matthews' record label, ATO Records, and discusses the discrimination and bureaucracy present in the music industry. It was released as the lead single from her sixth album, \"Funstyle\", and was subject to negative reviews from critics, who criticized Phair's vocal performance and the production. Following the commercial disappointment of \"Somebody's Miracle,\" which was her first album since \"Exile in Guyville\" to fail to reach the Top 40 of the Billboard 200, Liz Phair left Capitol records and signed to ATO Records, Dave Matthews' record label, in 2008. She composed some of the songs for her next album, \"Funstyle\", while she was signed to ATO, but after the label refused to release the music, she asked to leave. She then signed to the indie rock label Rocket Science Records, on which she released \"Funstyle\". \"Bollywood\" was released about two years after her split from ATO; like many of the songs on \"Funstyle,\" \"Bollywood\" mocks the record industry, discussing sexism and ageism, and the confusing nature of record deals. The song incorporates sound effects & vocal processing. The song itself lasts two minutes and twenty-two seconds, though twenty seconds of silence are appended to the end of the track on \"Funstyle\". The single was panned by critics. Entertainment Weekly's Leah Greenblatt proclaimed that the single demonstrated that \"the Exile in Guyville Liz Phair we once knew and loved has officially left the building,\" while Jody Rosen at Rolling Stone awarded the single one out of five stars and stated: \"", "Whip-Smart Whip-Smart is the second album by American singer-songwriter Liz Phair, released in 1994, the follow-up to Phair's critically well received debut, 1993's \"Exile In Guyville\". Despite not being as critically well received as her previous record, \"Whip-Smart\" debuted at #27 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and ultimately achieved gold status. As of July 2010, it had sold 412,000 copies. At the time of its release \"Whip-Smart\" received generally favorable reviews from music critics, figuring inside end of year lists, including those by the \"Los Angeles Times\" and \"Q Magazine\". The album was ranked sixth for its year inside The \"Village Voice\" Pazz and Jop Poll. Although obscured by its famous predecessor, the album has gained more recognition with time and is largely considered a key record to Phair's legacy as an artist, along with her other two Matador Records releases and the Girly Sound tapes. In 2003, the German version of \"Rolling Stone\" magazine placed the record at 95 on its list of greatest records since Autumn of 1994. In 2014, \"Rolling Stone\" named \"Whip-Smart\" the 18th greatest album of its year \u2013 considered by the magazine the peak of mainstream alternative rock. After the success of \"Exile in Guyville\", expectations ran high for Liz Phair's sophomore release. Phair's debut album had sold over 200,000 units by the spring of 1994 and was Matador's most successful release so far. The success of \"Exile in Guyville\" prompted many major labels to seek a distribution deal with Matador, most saliently Atlantic Records, which would form Phair's next album deal. As a result, \"Whip-Smart\" was one of the most anticipated albums of the year."], "answer": {"text": "Somebody's Miracle, Phair's fifth album (and final album with Capitol Records), was released on October 4, 2005.", "answer_start": 1539}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in 2003", "answer": {"text": "In 2003, her self-titled fourth album was released on her new label, Capitol Records.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the album a success", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which producer did she worked with", "answer": {"text": "Initially, Phair worked on several album tracks with songwriter Michael Penn as the producer.", "answer_start": 292, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c98070394aaf4ed085f19966a131310d_1_q#4", "question": "did the album has any review", "rewrite": "did Somebody's Miracle have any review", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Orlando Miracle The Orlando Miracle were a Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) team based in Orlando, Florida. They began play in the 1999 WNBA season. The Miracle relocated, in 2003, to Uncasville, Connecticut where the team became the Connecticut Sun. The Miracle was a sister team to the NBA's Orlando Magic. The city of Orlando was granted an expansion franchise in 1999, and the \"Orlando Miracle\" took the floor for the 1999 season. The Miracle posted respectable records in their four years of existence (1999\u20132002). The Miracle made the playoffs once, in 2000, and lost in the first round against the Cleveland Rockers. In 2001, the Miracle took a step backwards, but they hosted a very successful 2001 WNBA All-Star Game. In 2002, the Miracle posted a 16-16 (.500) record, tying for the final playoff spot with the Indiana Fever. But, the Miracle had lost the tie-breaker, so they barely missed the playoffs. Little did anyone know that the 2002 season would prove to be the Miracle's last in Orlando. After the 2002 WNBA season, the NBA sold off all of the WNBA franchises to the operators of the teams. Magic owner Rich DeVos was not interested in keeping the Miracle, and no local ownership group emerged. In January 2003, the Connecticut-based Mohegan Native American Tribe bought the team. The new owners moved the team to Uncasville, Connecticut and changed the nickname to the Sun (in reference to the tribe's Mohegan Sun casino.) The Connecticut Sun's new nickname and logo were reminiscent of another Florida-based WNBA franchise, the Miami Sol, which folded at the same time as the Miracle. Current WNBA players are in italics.", "Miracle Treat Day (Dairy Queen) Miracle Treat Day is an American and Canadian fundraising event for the Children's Miracle Network and is sponsored by Dairy Queen. The event is held annually in the United States and in Canada. In the United States, at least $1 of all proceeds from each The Blizzard Treat sold at participating locations was donated to local Children's Miracle Network hospitals on August 2, 2018. In Canada, Miracle Treat Day was held on August 9, 2018, with the net proceeds of every The Blizzard Treat sold at participating Dairy Queen stores going to local Children's Miracle Network member hospitals. The purpose of this event is to raise funds for the 170+ Children's Miracle Network hospital's worldwide. Each year these hospitals treat about 17 million children and they impact the lives of more children than any other children's organization in the world. Dairy Queen has been a supporter of Children\u2019s Miracle Network since 1984. The first-ever Miracle Treat Day was on August 10, 2006 and has been held annually ever since. It is a tradition on the day of the event for the President and CEO of Dairy Queen, John Gainor, to personally deliver hundreds of Blizzard Treats to children and their families at local hospitals. In 2006, Grammy-Winning Superstar LeAnn Rimes served as the honorary spokesperson for Dairy Queen's first-ever Miracle Treat Day. LeAnn has also performed many benefit concerts in support of the Children's Miracle Network. In 2007, Miss America Lauren Nelson served as the honorary spokesperson for Dairy Queen\u2019s Miracle Treat Day. \"With my love for children, I am proud to be spokesperson for Miracle Treat Day, as I know this event will do so much to help children all over North America,\" said Nelson. In 2008, Miss America Kirsten Haglund served as the honorary spokesperson for Dairy Queen's Miracle Treat Day.", "Though the cuts garnered little interest from most of the record companies the group presented them to Clara Thompson of the small record label, Hush Records, who upon hearing the tapes, immediately instructed her son to sign the Brogues to a recording contract. On June 23, 1965 the band entered Coast Recorders Studio in San Francisco to record their two original numbers \"Somebody\" and \"But Now I Find\". \"Somebody\", which saw Campbell switch to bass guitar and Whittington to acoustic guitar, was a folk rock tune. The latter song, \" But Now I Find\", better represented the group's sound in live performances with Kinks-inspired instrumental arrangements. In August 1965, \"Somebody\" was released as the Brogues' debut single, and peaked at number 31 on Bakersfield\u2019s KAFY radio, and reached number 14 on KYOS radio. As a result of the single's regional success, the group toured with other musical acts like the Zombies, Jewel Akens, and Shirley Ellis, among others. After a performance in Stockton with local group the Ratz, the Brogues enticed their singer Gary Cole (also known as Gary Duncan) to join the group. Once their stay in San Francisco ended, the band traveled to Sunset Recorders in Los Angeles to record their follow-up single for Challenge Records, who had purchased the distribution rights to \"Somebody\". Pressed for time, the group recorded the Annette Tucker and Nancie Mantz-penned song \" I Ain't No Miracle Worker\", and composed \"Don't Shoot Me Down\" right in the studio. However, the group's \"I Ain't No Miracle Worker\" failed to breakout nationally as a consequence of their record label focusing their advertising efforts on The Knickerbockers' hit, \"Lies\".", "Joseph Cure Joseph O'Connell Cure (December 10, 1983 \u2013 November 8, 2015) was an American ice hockey player and actor. Cure made his film debut in Walt Disney Pictures' \"Miracle\" in 2004. Cure was cast as Mike Ramsey, the youngest member of the \"Miracle on Ice\" U.S. ice hockey team at the 1980 Winter Olympics. Cure, one of three siblings and a native of Bloomington, Minnesota, began playing ice hockey when he was five years old. He was playing bantam minor ice hockey before high school. In 2002, he and his hockey team from the Academy of Holy Angels won the Class AA Minnesota state hockey tournament. He graduated from the Academy of Holy Angels in 2002. Cure then relocated to Texas, where he played junior ice hockey. He attended Baylor University before being cast in \"Miracle\". Cure, who had no acting experience at the time, auditioned for a part in the Disney's \"Miracle\", a film focusing on the Team USA's Miracle on Ice at the 1980 Olympics. Cure, the youngest actor cast as a player in the film, portrayed Mike Ramsey, the youngest player in the 1980 US ice hockey team. The film opened on February 6, 2004. In a 2004 interview before filming began, Cure recalled the audition process, \"I'm out in L.A., auditioning and pretending to be an actor, hoping somebody buys it.\" \"Miracle\" marked his film debut. Ten years later, in a 2014 interview with the Minnesota magazine, \"Let\u2019s Play Hockey\", Cure noted \"The story of \u2018Miracle\u2019 is truly a love story about 20 young boys coming together and taking on the world. \u2026 Being a part of \u2018Miracle\u2019 forever changed the way I view the Olympics.\" Cure received a bachelor's degree from the University of California, Los Angeles in 2008.", "Somebody's Miracle Somebody's Miracle is the fifth album by Liz Phair, released on October 4, 2005 (see 2005 in music) on Capitol Records. From September 2004 through April 2005, she composed fourteen tracks spanning from lo-fi guitar-driven to high-gloss produced tracks. Much like her debut album, \"Exile in Guyville\", \"Somebody's Miracle\" was originally modeled after another canonical album, \"Songs in the Key of Life\" by Stevie Wonder, though only elements of this exist in the final product. The first single, \"Everything To Me\" was released to radio on August 1, 2005. \"Somebody's Miracle\" debuted at #46 on the \"Billboard\" 200, and has sold over 83,000 copies in the U.S. The album features a somewhat softer side of Phair, with themes of innocence, loss, and love. Many critics and fans accused Phair of having lost her edge. Phair responded to backlash by saying, \"If you are an old fan and it doesn't fit what you need, don't buy the disc.\" Prior to the album's release, Phair embarked on a short acoustic tour where she played in smaller venues, bars, and clubs. After the album's release, she and her band went on a more extensive tour playing at larger venues. Phair also performed the album's title track on the \"Charmed\" episode \"Battle of the Hexes. \" She was also the last artist to perform on the show. The album so far has been given a score of 54 out of 100 by Metacritic based on \"mixed or average reviews\". One critic wrote, \"\"Miracle\" contains the singer's most winning melodies to date, not to mention her most confident vocals.\""], "answer": {"text": "The album received mixed reviews and was not a chart success.", "answer_start": 119}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in 2003", "answer": {"text": "In 2003, her self-titled fourth album was released on her new label, Capitol Records.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the album a success", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which producer did she worked with", "answer": {"text": "Initially, Phair worked on several album tracks with songwriter Michael Penn as the producer.", "answer_start": 292, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other album did she released", "answer": {"text": "Somebody's Miracle, Phair's fifth album (and final album with Capitol Records), was released on October 4, 2005.", "answer_start": 1539, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e3f3042742e443e59833b9d5f3f6c00d_1_q#0", "question": "When did Louis Armstrong move to Chicago?", "rewrite": "When did Louis Armstrong move to Chicago?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Club but soon joined Carroll Dickerson's band, with whom he also toured on the Pantages Theatre Circuit to Los Angeles and back. Hines met Louis Armstrong in the poolroom of the Black Musicians' Union, local 208, on State and 39th in Chicago. Hines was 21, Armstrong 24. They played the union's piano together. Armstrong was astounded by Hines's avant-garde \"trumpet-style\" piano playing, often using dazzlingly fast octaves so that on none-too-perfect upright pianos (and with no amplification) \"they could hear me out front\". Richard Cook wrote in \"Jazz Encyclopedia\" that Armstrong and Hines became good friends and shared a car. Armstrong joined Hines in Carroll Dickerson's band at the Sunset Cafe. In 1927, this became Armstrong's band under the musical direction of Hines. Later that year, Armstrong revamped his Okeh Records recording-only band, Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five, and hired Hines as the pianist, replacing his wife, Lil Hardin Armstrong, on the instrument. Armstrong and Hines then recorded what are often regarded as some of the most important jazz records ever made. The Sunset Cafe closed in 1927. Hines, Armstrong and the drummer Zutty Singleton agreed that they would become the \"Unholy Three\" \u2013 they would \"stick together and not play for anyone unless the three of us were hired\". But as Louis Armstrong and His Stompers (with Hines as musical director and the premises rented in Hines's name), they ran into difficulties trying to establish their own venue, the Warwick Hall Club. Hines went briefly to New York and returned to find that Armstrong and Singleton had rejoined the rival Dickerson band at the new Savoy Ballroom in his absence, leaving Hines feeling \"warm\".", "Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five The Hot Five was Louis Armstrong's first jazz recording band led under his own name. It was a typical New Orleans jazz band in instrumentation, consisting of trumpet, clarinet, and trombone backed by a rhythm section. The original New Orleans jazz style leaned heavily on collective improvisation, in which the three horns together played the lead: the trumpet played the main melody, and the clarinet and trombone played improvised accompaniments to the melody. This tradition was continued in the Hot Five, but because of Armstrong's creative gifts as a trumpet player, solo passages by the trumpet alone began to appear more frequently. In these solos, Armstrong laid down the basic vocabulary of jazz improvisation and became its founding and most influential exponent. The Hot Five was organized at the suggestion of Richard M. Jones for Okeh Records. All their records were made in Okeh's recording studio in Chicago, Illinois. The same personnel recorded a session made under the pseudonym \"Lil's Hot Shots\" for Vocalion/Brunswick (their first electrically recorded session). While the musicians in the Hot Five played together in other contexts, as the Hot Five they were a recording studio band that performed live only for two parties organized by Okeh. There were two different groups called \"Louis Armstrong and his Hot Five\", the first recording from 1925 through 1927 and the second in 1928; Armstrong was the only musician in both groups. The original Hot Five were Armstrong's wife, pianist Lil Hardin Armstrong, as well as New Orleans musicians who Armstrong had worked with in that city in the 1910s: Kid Ory on trombone , Johnny Dodds on clarinet, and Johnny St. Cyr on guitar and banjo. For some or all of the Louis Armstrong and His Hot Seven sides, Ory was in New York City working with King Oliver's band, and was replaced, probably by John Thomas.", "Louis Armstrong Stadium (1978\u20132016) Louis Armstrong Stadium was a tennis stadium of the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center and one of the venues of the U.S. Open. Armstrong was the main stadium before Arthur Ashe Stadium opened in 1997, after which it served as the No. 2 stadium. It is named after the noted jazz musician Louis Armstrong, who lived nearby until his death in 1971 and was a significant player in the Civil Rights Movement. The stadium was originally built as the Singer Bowl for the 1964 New York World's Fair, and hosted special events and concerts afterwards. It was renamed the Louis Armstrong Stadium in 1973 but closed the following year. In the early 1970s, the United States Tennis Association was looking for a new place to host the US Open as relations with the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, which had hosted the tournament, were breaking down. The USTA was initially unable to find a sufficient site, but the association's incoming president, W.E. Hester saw the old Singer Bowl from the window of an airplane flying into LaGuardia Airport. The old, long rectangular stadium was heavily renovated and divided into two venues, becoming the square Louis Armstrong Stadium, with the remaining third becoming the attached Grandstand, with a seating capacity of about 6,000. In 1997, the stadium was replaced as the US Open's primary venue by the new Arthur Ashe Stadium. Armstrong Stadium was renovated again, with the top tiers of seating being removed. The stadium held close to 18,000 at its peak, but this was reduced to around 10,200 with the renovation, which also added a brick facade to match that of Ashe Stadium. The stadium was demolished in October 2016. A new 14,000-seat Louis Armstrong Stadium opened for the 2018 US Open.", "Louis Armstrong and His Hot Seven Louis Armstrong and his Hot Seven was a jazz studio group organized to make a series of recordings for Okeh Records in Chicago, Illinois, in May 1927. Some of the personnel also recorded with Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five, including Johnny Dodds (clarinet), Lil Armstrong (piano), and Johnny St. Cyr (banjo and guitar). These musicians were augmented by Dodds's brother, Baby Dodds (drums), Pete Briggs (tuba), and John Thomas (trombone, replacing Armstrong's usual trombonist, Kid Ory, who was then touring with King Oliver). Briggs and Thomas were at the time working with Armstrong's performing group, the Sunset Stompers. In five sessions between May 7 and May 14, 1927, the group recorded at least 12 sides, including \"Willie the Weeper,\" \"Wild Man Blues\", \"Twelfth Street Rag\" and \"Potato Head Blues\" (celebrated for Louis Armstrong's stop-time solo and triumphant ride-out final chorus). In these records, Armstrong continued and further developed his mastery of the jazz solo, almost completely dominating some of the numbers and further breaking down the New Orleans jazz style of collective improvization into a vehicle for the soloist. The Hot Seven song \"Melancholy Blues\" is included on the Voyager Golden Record, attached to the \"Voyager\" spacecraft.", "Satchmo at the Waldorf Satchmo at the Waldorf is a one-act, one-person play written by Terry Teachout. It is Teachout's first playand it is about the famous jazz trumpeter and performer Louis Armstrong. According to the printed playbill by Dramatists Play Services Inc.: \u201c\"this is a work of fiction, freely based on fact.\"\u201d. Though the play is written for, and performed by a sole artist, it requires for the actor to double and represent other characters, including Louis Armstrong's manager, Joe Glaser, and trumpeter Miles Davis. The play has been performed by Jerome Preston Bates. The title of the play, Satchmo was one of Louis Armstrong's nicknames, and that it derived from \u201csatchel-mouth\u201d . Waldorf refers to the luxurious hotel in Manhattan called the Waldorf Astoria New York, where Louis Armstrong played and where he also stayed. The whole play takes place at what is supposed to be Louis Armstrong's room. The printed programme (2018) indicates that the original off-Broadway production's World Premiere was presented in Lenox, Massachusetts and in New Haven, Connecticut, in the year 2012; the play was previously premiered in Orlando, Florida in 2011. The theatrical work is based on his biography written in 2009, and titled: \u201c \"Pops: A Life of Louis Armstrong\".\u201d The play has been produced in other major cities like Chicago, Los Angeles, and Philadelphia, and in Houston, Texas, it was shown from February 24th, 2018, through March 18th, 2018, at the Alley Theatre."], "answer": {"text": "In 1922, Armstrong joined the exodus to Chicago, where he had been invited by his mentor, Joe \"King\" Oliver, to join his Creole Jazz Band", "answer_start": 381}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e3f3042742e443e59833b9d5f3f6c00d_1_q#1", "question": "What was his first gig in Chicago?", "rewrite": "What was Louis Armstrong's first gig in Chicago?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Satchmo at the Waldorf Satchmo at the Waldorf is a one-act, one-person play written by Terry Teachout. It is Teachout's first playand it is about the famous jazz trumpeter and performer Louis Armstrong. According to the printed playbill by Dramatists Play Services Inc.: \u201c\"this is a work of fiction, freely based on fact.\"\u201d. Though the play is written for, and performed by a sole artist, it requires for the actor to double and represent other characters, including Louis Armstrong's manager, Joe Glaser, and trumpeter Miles Davis. The play has been performed by Jerome Preston Bates. The title of the play, Satchmo was one of Louis Armstrong's nicknames, and that it derived from \u201csatchel-mouth\u201d . Waldorf refers to the luxurious hotel in Manhattan called the Waldorf Astoria New York, where Louis Armstrong played and where he also stayed. The whole play takes place at what is supposed to be Louis Armstrong's room. The printed programme (2018) indicates that the original off-Broadway production's World Premiere was presented in Lenox, Massachusetts and in New Haven, Connecticut, in the year 2012; the play was previously premiered in Orlando, Florida in 2011. The theatrical work is based on his biography written in 2009, and titled: \u201c \"Pops: A Life of Louis Armstrong\".\u201d The play has been produced in other major cities like Chicago, Los Angeles, and Philadelphia, and in Houston, Texas, it was shown from February 24th, 2018, through March 18th, 2018, at the Alley Theatre.", "Louis Armstrong Stadium (1978\u20132016) Louis Armstrong Stadium was a tennis stadium of the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center and one of the venues of the U.S. Open. Armstrong was the main stadium before Arthur Ashe Stadium opened in 1997, after which it served as the No. 2 stadium. It is named after the noted jazz musician Louis Armstrong, who lived nearby until his death in 1971 and was a significant player in the Civil Rights Movement. The stadium was originally built as the Singer Bowl for the 1964 New York World's Fair, and hosted special events and concerts afterwards. It was renamed the Louis Armstrong Stadium in 1973 but closed the following year. In the early 1970s, the United States Tennis Association was looking for a new place to host the US Open as relations with the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, which had hosted the tournament, were breaking down. The USTA was initially unable to find a sufficient site, but the association's incoming president, W.E. Hester saw the old Singer Bowl from the window of an airplane flying into LaGuardia Airport. The old, long rectangular stadium was heavily renovated and divided into two venues, becoming the square Louis Armstrong Stadium, with the remaining third becoming the attached Grandstand, with a seating capacity of about 6,000. In 1997, the stadium was replaced as the US Open's primary venue by the new Arthur Ashe Stadium. Armstrong Stadium was renovated again, with the top tiers of seating being removed. The stadium held close to 18,000 at its peak, but this was reduced to around 10,200 with the renovation, which also added a brick facade to match that of Ashe Stadium. The stadium was demolished in October 2016. A new 14,000-seat Louis Armstrong Stadium opened for the 2018 US Open.", "Club but soon joined Carroll Dickerson's band, with whom he also toured on the Pantages Theatre Circuit to Los Angeles and back. Hines met Louis Armstrong in the poolroom of the Black Musicians' Union, local 208, on State and 39th in Chicago. Hines was 21, Armstrong 24. They played the union's piano together. Armstrong was astounded by Hines's avant-garde \"trumpet-style\" piano playing, often using dazzlingly fast octaves so that on none-too-perfect upright pianos (and with no amplification) \"they could hear me out front\". Richard Cook wrote in \"Jazz Encyclopedia\" that Armstrong and Hines became good friends and shared a car. Armstrong joined Hines in Carroll Dickerson's band at the Sunset Cafe. In 1927, this became Armstrong's band under the musical direction of Hines. Later that year, Armstrong revamped his Okeh Records recording-only band, Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five, and hired Hines as the pianist, replacing his wife, Lil Hardin Armstrong, on the instrument. Armstrong and Hines then recorded what are often regarded as some of the most important jazz records ever made. The Sunset Cafe closed in 1927. Hines, Armstrong and the drummer Zutty Singleton agreed that they would become the \"Unholy Three\" \u2013 they would \"stick together and not play for anyone unless the three of us were hired\". But as Louis Armstrong and His Stompers (with Hines as musical director and the premises rented in Hines's name), they ran into difficulties trying to establish their own venue, the Warwick Hall Club. Hines went briefly to New York and returned to find that Armstrong and Singleton had rejoined the rival Dickerson band at the new Savoy Ballroom in his absence, leaving Hines feeling \"warm\".", "Louis Armstrong and His Hot Seven Louis Armstrong and his Hot Seven was a jazz studio group organized to make a series of recordings for Okeh Records in Chicago, Illinois, in May 1927. Some of the personnel also recorded with Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five, including Johnny Dodds (clarinet), Lil Armstrong (piano), and Johnny St. Cyr (banjo and guitar). These musicians were augmented by Dodds's brother, Baby Dodds (drums), Pete Briggs (tuba), and John Thomas (trombone, replacing Armstrong's usual trombonist, Kid Ory, who was then touring with King Oliver). Briggs and Thomas were at the time working with Armstrong's performing group, the Sunset Stompers. In five sessions between May 7 and May 14, 1927, the group recorded at least 12 sides, including \"Willie the Weeper,\" \"Wild Man Blues\", \"Twelfth Street Rag\" and \"Potato Head Blues\" (celebrated for Louis Armstrong's stop-time solo and triumphant ride-out final chorus). In these records, Armstrong continued and further developed his mastery of the jazz solo, almost completely dominating some of the numbers and further breaking down the New Orleans jazz style of collective improvization into a vehicle for the soloist. The Hot Seven song \"Melancholy Blues\" is included on the Voyager Golden Record, attached to the \"Voyager\" spacecraft.", "Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five The Hot Five was Louis Armstrong's first jazz recording band led under his own name. It was a typical New Orleans jazz band in instrumentation, consisting of trumpet, clarinet, and trombone backed by a rhythm section. The original New Orleans jazz style leaned heavily on collective improvisation, in which the three horns together played the lead: the trumpet played the main melody, and the clarinet and trombone played improvised accompaniments to the melody. This tradition was continued in the Hot Five, but because of Armstrong's creative gifts as a trumpet player, solo passages by the trumpet alone began to appear more frequently. In these solos, Armstrong laid down the basic vocabulary of jazz improvisation and became its founding and most influential exponent. The Hot Five was organized at the suggestion of Richard M. Jones for Okeh Records. All their records were made in Okeh's recording studio in Chicago, Illinois. The same personnel recorded a session made under the pseudonym \"Lil's Hot Shots\" for Vocalion/Brunswick (their first electrically recorded session). While the musicians in the Hot Five played together in other contexts, as the Hot Five they were a recording studio band that performed live only for two parties organized by Okeh. There were two different groups called \"Louis Armstrong and his Hot Five\", the first recording from 1925 through 1927 and the second in 1928; Armstrong was the only musician in both groups. The original Hot Five were Armstrong's wife, pianist Lil Hardin Armstrong, as well as New Orleans musicians who Armstrong had worked with in that city in the 1910s: Kid Ory on trombone , Johnny Dodds on clarinet, and Johnny St. Cyr on guitar and banjo. For some or all of the Louis Armstrong and His Hot Seven sides, Ory was in New York City working with King Oliver's band, and was replaced, probably by John Thomas."], "answer": {"text": "Oliver's band was among the most influential jazz bands in Chicago in the early 1920s, at a time when Chicago was the center of the jazz universe.", "answer_start": 844}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Louis Armstrong move to Chicago?", "answer": {"text": "In 1922, Armstrong joined the exodus to Chicago, where he had been invited by his mentor, Joe \"King\" Oliver, to join his Creole Jazz Band", "answer_start": 381, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e3f3042742e443e59833b9d5f3f6c00d_1_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides the description of Louis Armstrong's work in one of the most influential jazz bands in Chicago in the early 1920s, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Throughout his riverboat experience, Armstrong's musicianship began to mature and expand. At twenty, he could read music and started to be featured in extended trumpet solos, one of the first jazz men to do this, injecting his own personality and style into his solo turns. He had learned how to create a unique sound and also started using singing and patter in his performances. In 1922, Armstrong joined the exodus to Chicago, where he had been invited by his mentor, Joe \"King\" Oliver, to join his Creole Jazz Band and where he could make a sufficient income so that he no longer needed to supplement his music with day labor jobs. It was a boom time in Chicago and though race relations were poor, the city was teeming with jobs available for black people, who were making good wages in factories and had plenty to spend on entertainment. Oliver's band was among the most influential jazz bands in Chicago in the early 1920s, at a time when Chicago was the center of the jazz universe. Armstrong lived luxuriously in Chicago, in his own apartment with his own private bath (his first). Excited as he was to be in Chicago, he began his career-long pastime of writing nostalgic letters to friends in New Orleans. Unusually, Armstrong could blow two hundred high Cs in a row. As his reputation grew, he was challenged to instrumental \"cutting contests\" by hornmen trying to displace him. Armstrong made his first recordings on the Gennett and Okeh labels (jazz records were starting to boom across the country), including taking some solos and breaks, while playing second cornet in Oliver's band in 1923. At this time, he met Hoagy Carmichael (with whom he would collaborate later) who was introduced by friend Bix Beiderbecke, who now had his own Chicago band.", "Nevertheless, the music the two made was as dissimilar as is possible within jazz. \" He goes on to draw a distinction between what he identifies as Beiderbecke's \"white jazz\" and Armstrong's jazz, which he sees as being \"securely within the traditions of Afro-American music\". Moreover, Baraka's broader critique of the place of Negro music in America is emphasized when he claims sarcastically, despite Beiderbecke's white jazz being essentially \"antithetical\" to Armstrong's, that \"Afro-American music did not become a completely American expression until the white man could play it!\" Baraka then goes on to chart the historical development of Armstrong's music as it became influenced by his performances and recordings with the Hot Five. He notes that though previous jazz bands were focused on an aesthetic based on a flexible group improvisation, Armstrong's presence in the Hot Five changed the dynamic of play and composition. Instead of a cohesive \"communal\" unit, the other members followed Armstrong's lead and therefore, he claims, the music made by the Hot Five became \"Louis Armstrong's music\". Baraka goes on to write about the rise of the solo jazz artist and specifically Armstrong's influence on the tendencies and styles of Jazz bands all over. His \"brass music\" was the predecessor of music featuring reed instruments that would follow. He writes about the bands playing in the 1920s and '30s and how the biggest and best of them were run and organized by predominately college educated black men. These men worked for years to grow the music and integrate new waves of style as much as they could without sacrificing the elements that were so important to the identity of the music. Furthermore, Baraka writes about Duke Ellington's influence being similar in magnitude to Armstrong's but in a different way.", "In 1917, the Original Dixieland Jazz Band released \"Livery Stable Blues\", which is often said to be the first jazz recording. The genre had certainly existed before 1917, however, but recording opportunities were bleak. Buddy Bolden, a cornetist from New Orleans, never recorded his influential take on jazz. The early 1920s saw recordings from Kid Ory, King Oliver, Sidney Bechet, Jelly Roll Morton and Bessie Smith. King Oliver included a young cornetist named Louis Armstrong on his records as the second cornet. Armstrong soon moved to Chicago, worked with Fletcher Henderson, Bessie Smith and Clarence Williams and eventually began working as a band leader in 1925, his work setting the stage for the development of swing and the jazz variations to come after. Jazz had just reached its first peak of mainstream popularity in 1924, with the recordings of Paul Whiteman. Alongside the Great Depression, many musicians from poor, rural Southern states like Louisiana moved to the north, especially New York City and Chicago, Louis Armstrong was among them, and he helped make Chicago the center for musical innovation in the country before moving on to New York, where clubs like Cotton Club, Village Vanguard and Minton's were flourishing. The mid-1930s were the peak of big band swing, with artists like Charlie Barnet, Chick Webb and Benny Goodman rising to the ranks of esteemed-band leaders. Soloists appeared during this period, inspiring hysterical reactions among fans. Swing was a pop-oriented form of jazz, the origins of which can be found as far back as 1923, when Fletcher Henderson began enlarging jazz bands. Whole new sections were added, and Henderson created music of greater range and texture. The same period saw Duke Ellington similarly expanding his relatively small jazz bands, and both groups had laid down recordings as early as 1931.", "The tradition drove onward with musicians such as Louis Armstrong, Henry \"Red\" Allen and King Oliver. The presence of marching bands lives on today in New Orleans, with musicians such as the Marsalis family doing some of their earliest work in such bands. Much of New Orleans music today owes its debt to the early marching bands, even those marching bands which predate the birth of jazz music. In the late 19th century marching bands would often march through the streets of the city in second line parades. Some of the earliest bands originated from the Trem\u00e9 neighborhood, and the city gave birth to such bands as the Excelsior, Onward and Olympia brass bands. The Onward and Olympia bands each have sustained incarnations that continue performing to this day. Modern examples of the brass band tradition can be heard in the playing of groups like the Dirty Dozen Brass Band, or the Rebirth Brass Band led by trumpeter Kermit Ruffins. The history of the marching band in New Orleans is a rich one, with the various bands performing at virtually every major social event the city has to offer. They perform at funerals, picnics, carnivals and parades. The relationship between jazz bands and brass bands is one of co-influence. Jazz bands of this era began to go beyond the confines of the 6/8 time signature the marching bands utilized. Instead, New Orleans jazz bands began incorporating a style known as \"ragging\"; this technique implemented the influence of ragtime 2/4 meter and eventually led to improvisation. In turn, the early jazz bands of New Orleans influenced the playing of the marching bands, who in turn began to improvise themselves more often. Again, yet another indication that jazz music is symbolic of freedom. The term dixieland was first coined by Dan Emmett in his song \"Dixie's Land\" in 1859.", "Bands playing in the West Coast style use banjo and tuba in the rhythm sections, which play in a two-to-the-bar rhythmic style. Much performed traditional Dixieland tunes include: \"When the Saints Go Marching In\", \"Muskrat Ramble\", \"Struttin' with Some Barbecue\", \"Tiger Rag\", \"Dippermouth Blues\", \"Milenberg Joys\", \"Basin Street Blues\", \"Tin Roof Blues\", \"At the Jazz Band Ball\", \"Panama\", \"I Found a New Baby\", \"Royal Garden Blues\" and many others. All of these tunes were widely played by jazz bands of the pre-WWII era, especially Louis Armstrong. They came to be grouped as Dixieland standards beginning in the 1950s. Largely occurring at the same time as the \"New Orleans Traditional\" revival movement in the United States, traditional jazz music made a comeback in the Low Countries. However, most Dutch jazz bands (such as ) had long since evolved into the Swing-era while the few remaining traditional jazz bands (such as the Dutch Swing College Band) did not partake in the broader traditional revival movement, and continued to play ragtime and early jazz, greatly limiting the number of bands aspiring jazz musicians could join or (as they were using instruments unavailable to most Dutch musicians such as double basses and the piano) were forced to improvise, resulting in a new form of jazz ensemble generally referred to \"Oude Stijl\" (\"Old Style\") jazz in Dutch. Influenced by the instrumentation of the two principal orchestral forms of the wind band in the Netherlands and Belgium, the \"harmonie\" and the \"fanfare\", traditional Dutch jazz bands do not feature a piano and contain no stringed instruments apart from the banjo."], "answer": {"text": "Armstrong enjoyed working with Oliver, but Louis' second wife, pianist Lil Hardin Armstrong, urged him to seek more prominent billing and develop his newer style", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Louis Armstrong move to Chicago?", "answer": {"text": "In 1922, Armstrong joined the exodus to Chicago, where he had been invited by his mentor, Joe \"King\" Oliver, to join his Creole Jazz Band", "answer_start": 381, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his first gig in Chicago?", "answer": {"text": "Oliver's band was among the most influential jazz bands in Chicago in the early 1920s, at a time when Chicago was the center of the jazz universe.", "answer_start": 844, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the critics say of Armstrong's playing?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs was he famous for?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e3f3042742e443e59833b9d5f3f6c00d_1_q#5", "question": "When did he start his own band?", "rewrite": "When did Louis Armstrong start his own band?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Club but soon joined Carroll Dickerson's band, with whom he also toured on the Pantages Theatre Circuit to Los Angeles and back. Hines met Louis Armstrong in the poolroom of the Black Musicians' Union, local 208, on State and 39th in Chicago. Hines was 21, Armstrong 24. They played the union's piano together. Armstrong was astounded by Hines's avant-garde \"trumpet-style\" piano playing, often using dazzlingly fast octaves so that on none-too-perfect upright pianos (and with no amplification) \"they could hear me out front\". Richard Cook wrote in \"Jazz Encyclopedia\" that Armstrong and Hines became good friends and shared a car. Armstrong joined Hines in Carroll Dickerson's band at the Sunset Cafe. In 1927, this became Armstrong's band under the musical direction of Hines. Later that year, Armstrong revamped his Okeh Records recording-only band, Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five, and hired Hines as the pianist, replacing his wife, Lil Hardin Armstrong, on the instrument. Armstrong and Hines then recorded what are often regarded as some of the most important jazz records ever made. The Sunset Cafe closed in 1927. Hines, Armstrong and the drummer Zutty Singleton agreed that they would become the \"Unholy Three\" \u2013 they would \"stick together and not play for anyone unless the three of us were hired\". But as Louis Armstrong and His Stompers (with Hines as musical director and the premises rented in Hines's name), they ran into difficulties trying to establish their own venue, the Warwick Hall Club. Hines went briefly to New York and returned to find that Armstrong and Singleton had rejoined the rival Dickerson band at the new Savoy Ballroom in his absence, leaving Hines feeling \"warm\".", "Louis Armstrong Stadium (1978\u20132016) Louis Armstrong Stadium was a tennis stadium of the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center and one of the venues of the U.S. Open. Armstrong was the main stadium before Arthur Ashe Stadium opened in 1997, after which it served as the No. 2 stadium. It is named after the noted jazz musician Louis Armstrong, who lived nearby until his death in 1971 and was a significant player in the Civil Rights Movement. The stadium was originally built as the Singer Bowl for the 1964 New York World's Fair, and hosted special events and concerts afterwards. It was renamed the Louis Armstrong Stadium in 1973 but closed the following year. In the early 1970s, the United States Tennis Association was looking for a new place to host the US Open as relations with the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, which had hosted the tournament, were breaking down. The USTA was initially unable to find a sufficient site, but the association's incoming president, W.E. Hester saw the old Singer Bowl from the window of an airplane flying into LaGuardia Airport. The old, long rectangular stadium was heavily renovated and divided into two venues, becoming the square Louis Armstrong Stadium, with the remaining third becoming the attached Grandstand, with a seating capacity of about 6,000. In 1997, the stadium was replaced as the US Open's primary venue by the new Arthur Ashe Stadium. Armstrong Stadium was renovated again, with the top tiers of seating being removed. The stadium held close to 18,000 at its peak, but this was reduced to around 10,200 with the renovation, which also added a brick facade to match that of Ashe Stadium. The stadium was demolished in October 2016. A new 14,000-seat Louis Armstrong Stadium opened for the 2018 US Open.", "Danny Barcelona Danny Barcelona (July 23, 1929 \u2013 April 1, 2007) was an American jazz drummer best known for his years with Louis Armstrong's All-Stars. He was a Filipino-American born in Waipahu, a community of Honolulu, Hawaii. He was also frequently introduced to audiences by Louis Armstrong as The Little Filipino Boy. Armstrong usually followed up by calling himself \"the little Arabian boy\". At the age of 18 and in his final year in high school, Barcelona was already playing music with trombonist, singer, and bandleader Trummy Young. Barcelona was a self-taught percussionist. Young and Barcelona met in the mid-1940s. Danny Barcelona was introduced to Louis Armstrong by Young in 1956 and became Armstrong's drummer for 15 years. A native Hawaiian, Barcelona had joined Young's Hawaii All-Stars in the early 1950s, later assuming leadership of the band - a sextet known as the \"Hawaiian Dixieland All-Stars\" - when Young left to join Louis Armstrong's combo in 1952. Barcelona toured around the Hawaiian Islands, Japan and the rest of the Far East. In the fall of 1957, Barcelona moved to New York City. Barcelona, again through Trummy Young's recommendation, formally joined Armstrong's All-Stars band in February 1958 to replace retiring drummer Barrett Deems. Barcelona appears on more than 130 of Armstrong's recordings. Barcelona was only 27 years old when he was introduced by Young to Armstrong. Here are performance video clips of Danny being introduced by Louie: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyLjbMBpGDA Danny doing a drum solo with Louie in Germany: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNdIjngnaJI Barcelona's recording career with Armstrong included the jazz music hits \"Hello, Dolly!\"", "Satchmo at the Waldorf Satchmo at the Waldorf is a one-act, one-person play written by Terry Teachout. It is Teachout's first playand it is about the famous jazz trumpeter and performer Louis Armstrong. According to the printed playbill by Dramatists Play Services Inc.: \u201c\"this is a work of fiction, freely based on fact.\"\u201d. Though the play is written for, and performed by a sole artist, it requires for the actor to double and represent other characters, including Louis Armstrong's manager, Joe Glaser, and trumpeter Miles Davis. The play has been performed by Jerome Preston Bates. The title of the play, Satchmo was one of Louis Armstrong's nicknames, and that it derived from \u201csatchel-mouth\u201d . Waldorf refers to the luxurious hotel in Manhattan called the Waldorf Astoria New York, where Louis Armstrong played and where he also stayed. The whole play takes place at what is supposed to be Louis Armstrong's room. The printed programme (2018) indicates that the original off-Broadway production's World Premiere was presented in Lenox, Massachusetts and in New Haven, Connecticut, in the year 2012; the play was previously premiered in Orlando, Florida in 2011. The theatrical work is based on his biography written in 2009, and titled: \u201c \"Pops: A Life of Louis Armstrong\".\u201d The play has been produced in other major cities like Chicago, Los Angeles, and Philadelphia, and in Houston, Texas, it was shown from February 24th, 2018, through March 18th, 2018, at the Alley Theatre.", "Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five The Hot Five was Louis Armstrong's first jazz recording band led under his own name. It was a typical New Orleans jazz band in instrumentation, consisting of trumpet, clarinet, and trombone backed by a rhythm section. The original New Orleans jazz style leaned heavily on collective improvisation, in which the three horns together played the lead: the trumpet played the main melody, and the clarinet and trombone played improvised accompaniments to the melody. This tradition was continued in the Hot Five, but because of Armstrong's creative gifts as a trumpet player, solo passages by the trumpet alone began to appear more frequently. In these solos, Armstrong laid down the basic vocabulary of jazz improvisation and became its founding and most influential exponent. The Hot Five was organized at the suggestion of Richard M. Jones for Okeh Records. All their records were made in Okeh's recording studio in Chicago, Illinois. The same personnel recorded a session made under the pseudonym \"Lil's Hot Shots\" for Vocalion/Brunswick (their first electrically recorded session). While the musicians in the Hot Five played together in other contexts, as the Hot Five they were a recording studio band that performed live only for two parties organized by Okeh. There were two different groups called \"Louis Armstrong and his Hot Five\", the first recording from 1925 through 1927 and the second in 1928; Armstrong was the only musician in both groups. The original Hot Five were Armstrong's wife, pianist Lil Hardin Armstrong, as well as New Orleans musicians who Armstrong had worked with in that city in the 1910s: Kid Ory on trombone , Johnny Dodds on clarinet, and Johnny St. Cyr on guitar and banjo. For some or all of the Louis Armstrong and His Hot Seven sides, Ory was in New York City working with King Oliver's band, and was replaced, probably by John Thomas."], "answer": {"text": "Lil had her husband play classical music in church concerts to broaden his skill and improve his solo play and she prodded him into wearing more stylish attire", "answer_start": 197}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Louis Armstrong move to Chicago?", "answer": {"text": "In 1922, Armstrong joined the exodus to Chicago, where he had been invited by his mentor, Joe \"King\" Oliver, to join his Creole Jazz Band", "answer_start": 381, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his first gig in Chicago?", "answer": {"text": "Oliver's band was among the most influential jazz bands in Chicago in the early 1920s, at a time when Chicago was the center of the jazz universe.", "answer_start": 844, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the critics say of Armstrong's playing?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs was he famous for?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Armstrong enjoyed working with Oliver, but Louis' second wife, pianist Lil Hardin Armstrong, urged him to seek more prominent billing and develop his newer style", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_e3f3042742e443e59833b9d5f3f6c00d_1_q#6", "question": "What was Armstrong's style?", "rewrite": "What was Louis Armstrong's musical style?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Louis Armstrong award The Louis Armstrong Award, or sometimes the King Bee Award, is the \"top senior jazz award\" or highest level interscholastic award given to a musician. It is given out by high schools nationwide in the United States in recognition of \"outstanding musical achievement and an incredible dedication to the program\". Typically there is only one recipient per high school. Louis Armstrong was an American jazz musician and singer. Armstrong's influence extends well beyond jazz music, and by the end of his career in the 1960s, he was widely regarded as a profound influence on popular music in general. Lucille Armstrong, his wife in later years, described his love for people. \"Louis's greatest personality traits were humility and generosity. He just loved people, and he always tried to understand them too. He was compassionate, generous, and understanding with everyone. He was loved, not only for his style, but as a person as well.\" The Louis Armstrong award was inaugurated in 1974, with the consent of Armstrong's widow, shortly after he died in 1971. The award itself is limited to one per school, and may include a certificate, engraved statue, and wall plaque to which the names of each recipient over the years may be added.", "Louis Armstrong Stadium (1978\u20132016) Louis Armstrong Stadium was a tennis stadium of the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center and one of the venues of the U.S. Open. Armstrong was the main stadium before Arthur Ashe Stadium opened in 1997, after which it served as the No. 2 stadium. It is named after the noted jazz musician Louis Armstrong, who lived nearby until his death in 1971 and was a significant player in the Civil Rights Movement. The stadium was originally built as the Singer Bowl for the 1964 New York World's Fair, and hosted special events and concerts afterwards. It was renamed the Louis Armstrong Stadium in 1973 but closed the following year. In the early 1970s, the United States Tennis Association was looking for a new place to host the US Open as relations with the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, which had hosted the tournament, were breaking down. The USTA was initially unable to find a sufficient site, but the association's incoming president, W.E. Hester saw the old Singer Bowl from the window of an airplane flying into LaGuardia Airport. The old, long rectangular stadium was heavily renovated and divided into two venues, becoming the square Louis Armstrong Stadium, with the remaining third becoming the attached Grandstand, with a seating capacity of about 6,000. In 1997, the stadium was replaced as the US Open's primary venue by the new Arthur Ashe Stadium. Armstrong Stadium was renovated again, with the top tiers of seating being removed. The stadium held close to 18,000 at its peak, but this was reduced to around 10,200 with the renovation, which also added a brick facade to match that of Ashe Stadium. The stadium was demolished in October 2016. A new 14,000-seat Louis Armstrong Stadium opened for the 2018 US Open.", "Satchmo at the Waldorf Satchmo at the Waldorf is a one-act, one-person play written by Terry Teachout. It is Teachout's first playand it is about the famous jazz trumpeter and performer Louis Armstrong. According to the printed playbill by Dramatists Play Services Inc.: \u201c\"this is a work of fiction, freely based on fact.\"\u201d. Though the play is written for, and performed by a sole artist, it requires for the actor to double and represent other characters, including Louis Armstrong's manager, Joe Glaser, and trumpeter Miles Davis. The play has been performed by Jerome Preston Bates. The title of the play, Satchmo was one of Louis Armstrong's nicknames, and that it derived from \u201csatchel-mouth\u201d . Waldorf refers to the luxurious hotel in Manhattan called the Waldorf Astoria New York, where Louis Armstrong played and where he also stayed. The whole play takes place at what is supposed to be Louis Armstrong's room. The printed programme (2018) indicates that the original off-Broadway production's World Premiere was presented in Lenox, Massachusetts and in New Haven, Connecticut, in the year 2012; the play was previously premiered in Orlando, Florida in 2011. The theatrical work is based on his biography written in 2009, and titled: \u201c \"Pops: A Life of Louis Armstrong\".\u201d The play has been produced in other major cities like Chicago, Los Angeles, and Philadelphia, and in Houston, Texas, it was shown from February 24th, 2018, through March 18th, 2018, at the Alley Theatre.", "As a playwright, Nixon has penned several plays including \"Nothin' But The Blues\", \"Dedicated To Louis Armstrong\", The first theatrical performance ever in a major Jazz festival as well as the critically acclaimed \"SS Nirvana\": (A Story of Love & Jazz on the High Seas). which was presented at Birdland in New York City. The fantasy jazz musical takes place in \"Madame Royale's Supper Club\" on a cruise ship that features legendary jazz artists such as Louis Armstrong, Sarah Vaughan, and Billy Eckstine. 2005 \u2013 JVC Jazz Festival, \"Dedicated To Louis Armstrong,\" a biographical musical story dedicated to the life of Louis Armstrong using narration, song, and dance that chronicles his life. Performed at the Blue Note. 2000 \u2013 Bell Atlantic Jazz Festival \u2013 Nixon presented her work \u201cTo Louis Armstrong,\u201d which she wrote and produced. As part of the Bell Atlantic Jazz Fest, it was performed in New York City, Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia. In New York City, it was performed at the Knitting Factory. Nixon is also the author of a children's book about music titled \"Singin' Big Mae's Blues\". In 2008, after submitting an entertainment story to a local New York newspaper (regarding a social event she attended), Nixon was asked by the paper's editor (Kenton Kirby) to write a weekly article for \"Caribbean Life News\" covering New York City night life. Nixon continues to be a contributing writer for the paper. She has also served as a radio and television show host, and a panelist for music conferences and forums. She is noted as music historian of early period female blues musicians.", "Club but soon joined Carroll Dickerson's band, with whom he also toured on the Pantages Theatre Circuit to Los Angeles and back. Hines met Louis Armstrong in the poolroom of the Black Musicians' Union, local 208, on State and 39th in Chicago. Hines was 21, Armstrong 24. They played the union's piano together. Armstrong was astounded by Hines's avant-garde \"trumpet-style\" piano playing, often using dazzlingly fast octaves so that on none-too-perfect upright pianos (and with no amplification) \"they could hear me out front\". Richard Cook wrote in \"Jazz Encyclopedia\" that Armstrong and Hines became good friends and shared a car. Armstrong joined Hines in Carroll Dickerson's band at the Sunset Cafe. In 1927, this became Armstrong's band under the musical direction of Hines. Later that year, Armstrong revamped his Okeh Records recording-only band, Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five, and hired Hines as the pianist, replacing his wife, Lil Hardin Armstrong, on the instrument. Armstrong and Hines then recorded what are often regarded as some of the most important jazz records ever made. The Sunset Cafe closed in 1927. Hines, Armstrong and the drummer Zutty Singleton agreed that they would become the \"Unholy Three\" \u2013 they would \"stick together and not play for anyone unless the three of us were hired\". But as Louis Armstrong and His Stompers (with Hines as musical director and the premises rented in Hines's name), they ran into difficulties trying to establish their own venue, the Warwick Hall Club. Hines went briefly to New York and returned to find that Armstrong and Singleton had rejoined the rival Dickerson band at the new Savoy Ballroom in his absence, leaving Hines feeling \"warm\"."], "answer": {"text": "she prodded him into wearing more stylish attire to make him look sharp and to better offset his growing girth.", "answer_start": 308}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Louis Armstrong move to Chicago?", "answer": {"text": "In 1922, Armstrong joined the exodus to Chicago, where he had been invited by his mentor, Joe \"King\" Oliver, to join his Creole Jazz Band", "answer_start": 381, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his first gig in Chicago?", "answer": {"text": "Oliver's band was among the most influential jazz bands in Chicago in the early 1920s, at a time when Chicago was the center of the jazz universe.", "answer_start": 844, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the critics say of Armstrong's playing?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs was he famous for?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Armstrong enjoyed working with Oliver, but Louis' second wife, pianist Lil Hardin Armstrong, urged him to seek more prominent billing and develop his newer style", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "When did he start his own band?", "answer": {"text": "Lil had her husband play classical music in church concerts to broaden his skill and improve his solo play and she prodded him into wearing more stylish attire", "answer_start": 197, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_e3f3042742e443e59833b9d5f3f6c00d_1_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides the description of his work in Chicago, are there any other interesting things about Louis Armstrong mentioned in this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Louis Armstrong and His Hot Seven Louis Armstrong and his Hot Seven was a jazz studio group organized to make a series of recordings for Okeh Records in Chicago, Illinois, in May 1927. Some of the personnel also recorded with Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five, including Johnny Dodds (clarinet), Lil Armstrong (piano), and Johnny St. Cyr (banjo and guitar). These musicians were augmented by Dodds's brother, Baby Dodds (drums), Pete Briggs (tuba), and John Thomas (trombone, replacing Armstrong's usual trombonist, Kid Ory, who was then touring with King Oliver). Briggs and Thomas were at the time working with Armstrong's performing group, the Sunset Stompers. In five sessions between May 7 and May 14, 1927, the group recorded at least 12 sides, including \"Willie the Weeper,\" \"Wild Man Blues\", \"Twelfth Street Rag\" and \"Potato Head Blues\" (celebrated for Louis Armstrong's stop-time solo and triumphant ride-out final chorus). In these records, Armstrong continued and further developed his mastery of the jazz solo, almost completely dominating some of the numbers and further breaking down the New Orleans jazz style of collective improvization into a vehicle for the soloist. The Hot Seven song \"Melancholy Blues\" is included on the Voyager Golden Record, attached to the \"Voyager\" spacecraft.", "As a playwright, Nixon has penned several plays including \"Nothin' But The Blues\", \"Dedicated To Louis Armstrong\", The first theatrical performance ever in a major Jazz festival as well as the critically acclaimed \"SS Nirvana\": (A Story of Love & Jazz on the High Seas). which was presented at Birdland in New York City. The fantasy jazz musical takes place in \"Madame Royale's Supper Club\" on a cruise ship that features legendary jazz artists such as Louis Armstrong, Sarah Vaughan, and Billy Eckstine. 2005 \u2013 JVC Jazz Festival, \"Dedicated To Louis Armstrong,\" a biographical musical story dedicated to the life of Louis Armstrong using narration, song, and dance that chronicles his life. Performed at the Blue Note. 2000 \u2013 Bell Atlantic Jazz Festival \u2013 Nixon presented her work \u201cTo Louis Armstrong,\u201d which she wrote and produced. As part of the Bell Atlantic Jazz Fest, it was performed in New York City, Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia. In New York City, it was performed at the Knitting Factory. Nixon is also the author of a children's book about music titled \"Singin' Big Mae's Blues\". In 2008, after submitting an entertainment story to a local New York newspaper (regarding a social event she attended), Nixon was asked by the paper's editor (Kenton Kirby) to write a weekly article for \"Caribbean Life News\" covering New York City night life. Nixon continues to be a contributing writer for the paper. She has also served as a radio and television show host, and a panelist for music conferences and forums. She is noted as music historian of early period female blues musicians.", "Satchmo at the Waldorf Satchmo at the Waldorf is a one-act, one-person play written by Terry Teachout. It is Teachout's first playand it is about the famous jazz trumpeter and performer Louis Armstrong. According to the printed playbill by Dramatists Play Services Inc.: \u201c\"this is a work of fiction, freely based on fact.\"\u201d. Though the play is written for, and performed by a sole artist, it requires for the actor to double and represent other characters, including Louis Armstrong's manager, Joe Glaser, and trumpeter Miles Davis. The play has been performed by Jerome Preston Bates. The title of the play, Satchmo was one of Louis Armstrong's nicknames, and that it derived from \u201csatchel-mouth\u201d . Waldorf refers to the luxurious hotel in Manhattan called the Waldorf Astoria New York, where Louis Armstrong played and where he also stayed. The whole play takes place at what is supposed to be Louis Armstrong's room. The printed programme (2018) indicates that the original off-Broadway production's World Premiere was presented in Lenox, Massachusetts and in New Haven, Connecticut, in the year 2012; the play was previously premiered in Orlando, Florida in 2011. The theatrical work is based on his biography written in 2009, and titled: \u201c \"Pops: A Life of Louis Armstrong\".\u201d The play has been produced in other major cities like Chicago, Los Angeles, and Philadelphia, and in Houston, Texas, it was shown from February 24th, 2018, through March 18th, 2018, at the Alley Theatre.", "Louis Armstrong Stadium (1978\u20132016) Louis Armstrong Stadium was a tennis stadium of the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center and one of the venues of the U.S. Open. Armstrong was the main stadium before Arthur Ashe Stadium opened in 1997, after which it served as the No. 2 stadium. It is named after the noted jazz musician Louis Armstrong, who lived nearby until his death in 1971 and was a significant player in the Civil Rights Movement. The stadium was originally built as the Singer Bowl for the 1964 New York World's Fair, and hosted special events and concerts afterwards. It was renamed the Louis Armstrong Stadium in 1973 but closed the following year. In the early 1970s, the United States Tennis Association was looking for a new place to host the US Open as relations with the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, which had hosted the tournament, were breaking down. The USTA was initially unable to find a sufficient site, but the association's incoming president, W.E. Hester saw the old Singer Bowl from the window of an airplane flying into LaGuardia Airport. The old, long rectangular stadium was heavily renovated and divided into two venues, becoming the square Louis Armstrong Stadium, with the remaining third becoming the attached Grandstand, with a seating capacity of about 6,000. In 1997, the stadium was replaced as the US Open's primary venue by the new Arthur Ashe Stadium. Armstrong Stadium was renovated again, with the top tiers of seating being removed. The stadium held close to 18,000 at its peak, but this was reduced to around 10,200 with the renovation, which also added a brick facade to match that of Ashe Stadium. The stadium was demolished in October 2016. A new 14,000-seat Louis Armstrong Stadium opened for the 2018 US Open.", "Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five The Hot Five was Louis Armstrong's first jazz recording band led under his own name. It was a typical New Orleans jazz band in instrumentation, consisting of trumpet, clarinet, and trombone backed by a rhythm section. The original New Orleans jazz style leaned heavily on collective improvisation, in which the three horns together played the lead: the trumpet played the main melody, and the clarinet and trombone played improvised accompaniments to the melody. This tradition was continued in the Hot Five, but because of Armstrong's creative gifts as a trumpet player, solo passages by the trumpet alone began to appear more frequently. In these solos, Armstrong laid down the basic vocabulary of jazz improvisation and became its founding and most influential exponent. The Hot Five was organized at the suggestion of Richard M. Jones for Okeh Records. All their records were made in Okeh's recording studio in Chicago, Illinois. The same personnel recorded a session made under the pseudonym \"Lil's Hot Shots\" for Vocalion/Brunswick (their first electrically recorded session). While the musicians in the Hot Five played together in other contexts, as the Hot Five they were a recording studio band that performed live only for two parties organized by Okeh. There were two different groups called \"Louis Armstrong and his Hot Five\", the first recording from 1925 through 1927 and the second in 1928; Armstrong was the only musician in both groups. The original Hot Five were Armstrong's wife, pianist Lil Hardin Armstrong, as well as New Orleans musicians who Armstrong had worked with in that city in the 1910s: Kid Ory on trombone , Johnny Dodds on clarinet, and Johnny St. Cyr on guitar and banjo. For some or all of the Louis Armstrong and His Hot Seven sides, Ory was in New York City working with King Oliver's band, and was replaced, probably by John Thomas."], "answer": {"text": "Excited as he was to be in Chicago, he began his career-long pastime of writing nostalgic letters to friends in New Orleans.", "answer_start": 1091}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Louis Armstrong move to Chicago?", "answer": {"text": "In 1922, Armstrong joined the exodus to Chicago, where he had been invited by his mentor, Joe \"King\" Oliver, to join his Creole Jazz Band", "answer_start": 381, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his first gig in Chicago?", "answer": {"text": "Oliver's band was among the most influential jazz bands in Chicago in the early 1920s, at a time when Chicago was the center of the jazz universe.", "answer_start": 844, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the critics say of Armstrong's playing?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs was he famous for?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Armstrong enjoyed working with Oliver, but Louis' second wife, pianist Lil Hardin Armstrong, urged him to seek more prominent billing and develop his newer style", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "When did he start his own band?", "answer": {"text": "Lil had her husband play classical music in church concerts to broaden his skill and improve his solo play and she prodded him into wearing more stylish attire", "answer_start": 197, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was Armstrong's style?", "answer": {"text": "she prodded him into wearing more stylish attire to make him look sharp and to better offset his growing girth.", "answer_start": 308, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_982801502b2a47bab9da7247ee0db2d8_1_q#0", "question": "What is mindcrime?", "rewrite": "What is mindcrime?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Operation: Mindcrime Operation : Mindcrime is the third studio album by the American progressive metal band Queensr\u00ffche. Originally released on May 3, 1988, the album was reissued on May 6, 2003 with two bonus tracks, and again in 2006 as a deluxe box set. A concept album and a rock opera , its story follows Nikki, a recovering drug addict who becomes disillusioned with the corrupt society of his time and reluctantly becomes involved with a revolutionary group as an assassin of political leaders. In January 1989, it ranked at No. 34 on \"Kerrang!\" magazine's \"100 Greatest Heavy Metal Albums of All Time\". The album was certified by the RIAA as 'gold' a year after its release, and it was certified as 'platinum' in 1991. A sequel, \"\", was released on April 4, 2006. \"Operation: Mindcrime\" was recorded digitally on a Sony 24-track digital tape machine. The album was also mixed and mastered in the digital format. The band shot a one-off promotional video in 1988 for the song \"Speak\" using performance footage. It did not include a dramatization of any of the story's concepts. During the tour promoting the 1990 album \"Empire\", \"Operation: Mindcrime\" was performed in its entirety. The stage show featured video, animation and guest singer Pamela Moore as Sister Mary. A recording was released as \"\". The story was initially explored in a series of video clips for MTV in the 1989 VHS video, \"Video: Mindcrime\". In 2006, \"Operation: Mindcrime\" was re-released as a deluxe box set, containing the 2003 remaster, a live CD with the album played in its entirety at the Hammersmith Odeon on November 15, 1990, and a bonus DVD containing the 1989 \"Video: Mindcrime\" and bonus clips.", "Many ABA nationals coincided with important NBL nationals and considering there was an informal pro boycott of ABA nationals with the most prominent pros competing in the NBL and second tier sanctioning bodies like the United Bicycle Racers (UBR) and with those races were often scheduled on the same weekend as ABA events, the press followed. This led to a further decrease in coverage with the ABA events only getting one page, half page or even just a blurb in the \"Breaking News\" section of a major BMX publication, for instance \"BMX Plus! \" 's \"Check Point\", which as previously mentioned due to lack of top pros at ABA events did not cover any ABA races in depth for eight months. The BMX industry noticed this of course. In consequence, there were fewer BMX and non-BMX companies willing to sponsor, i.e. invest in, ABA events with the fewer direct and indirect advertising possibilities like a race team and/or particular racer they were sponsoring having a win reported in detail or even a company banner appearing in the background of a photograph by happenstance that would be printed in a major BMX magazine. Those companies could not only stop sponsoring and co-sponsoring ABA races, but also stop sending their expensive race teams to ABA Nationals. Also, the rank and file non-sponsored BMX racers-the vast majority-could stop attending ABA events if they perceive a lack of press coverage and a lack of big name pros and amateurs they wanted to see and race against stop participating. The in house \"ABA Action\" newspaper was not enough since it was restricted to ABA members and therefore it had a limited audience in comparison to a newsstand magazine. The obvious solution afforded to the ABA was to create its own magazine. In 1982 Mennenga created \"Bicycles and Dirt\" to circumvent the established press and attract advertisers.", "Operation: Mindcrime II Operation: Mindcrime II is the ninth studio album by the American progressive metal band Queensr\u00ffche. It is a concept album and the sequel to the group's 1988 release, \"\", which had achieved both critical and commercial success. \" Mindcrime II\" was released on April 4, 2006 in the United States, on March 29 in Japan, on March 31 in Germany, and on April 3 in the rest of world, with the Rhino Entertainment label providing distribution. The lead single, titled \"I'm American,\" was performed by Queensr\u00ffche during their 2005 tour, which they took in support of the group Judas Priest. The album resumes the story of \"Mindcrime\", which is that of Nikki, a drug-addicted political revolutionary who had worked as an assassin before his disillusionment and arrest. Nikki had been jailed for the murder of prostitute-turned-nun Sister Mary at the end of \"Mindcrime\", with his sanity slipping as he genuinely didn't know who had killed Mary and had grown close to her before her death. As \"Mindcrime II\" begins, eighteen-years-later, Nikki is released from prison and begins to plot his revenge against Dr. X, a manipulative demagogue from the first album that had treated Nikki as his puppet. Vocalist Pamela Moore reprises her role as Sister Mary for the album. The role of Dr. X (played by actor Anthony Valentine on the first album) went to famous heavy metal singer Ronnie James Dio. Singer Geoff Tate handles the vocals for the protagonist. Following the split between Geoff Tate and the rest of Queensr\u00ffche in 2012, it was revealed in a sworn declaration by producer Jason Slater that the album received very limited contributions from the band members aside from Tate and Mike Stone.", "The song \"I Don't Believe in Love\" was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1990 in the category \"Best Metal Performance\". In the United States, the album was certified Gold a year after its release, and certified Platinum in 1991. In 2017, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"Operation: Mindcrime\" as 67th on their list of 'The 100 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time.' A sequel, \"\", was released on April 4, 2006, with Ronnie James Dio taking over the role of Dr. X. The subsequent tour consisted of the band performing both \"Operation: Mindcrime\" and its sequel in their entirety, back-to-back, with actors, props, an elaborate stage set, and a video screen. The live act from that tour also portrayed Mary's death clearly for the first time. It was later released on the 2007 DVD \"Mindcrime at the Moore\", which included a recording of Dio's only live performance of \"The Chase\". Queensr\u00ffche Cast Production", "In 1988, Queensryche released Operation: Mindcrime, a narrative concept album that proved a massive critical and commercial success. The album's story revolved around a junkie named Nikki, who is brainwashed into performing assassinations for an underground movement. Nikki is torn over his misplaced loyalty to the cause and his love for Mary, a reformed hooker-turned-nun (vocals by Pamela Moore), who gets in the way. The band's progressive metal style was fully developed on this album. The band toured through much of 1988 and 1989 with several bands, including Def Leppard, Guns N' Roses and Metallica. The album gained critical acclaim and achieved gold status. The release of Empire (1990) brought Queensryche to the height of their commercial popularity. It peaked at No. 7 and sold more than three million copies in the United States, more than their previous four releases combined (it was also certified silver in the UK). The power ballad \"Silent Lucidity\", which featured an orchestra, became the band's first Top 10 single. The arrangements on Empire were more straightforward than the band's previous efforts. The subsequent \"Building Empires\" tour was the first full-fledged tour to feature Queensryche as a headlining act (the band had previously headlined a tour in Japan in support of Operation: Mindcrime, and had headlined a handful of club and theater shows in the U.S. between 1984 and 1988, and the UK in 1988). The group used its headlining status to perform Operation: Mindcrime in its entirety, as well as songs from Empire. The tour lasted 18 months, longer than any tour the band had undertaken before or has since."], "answer": {"text": "In 1988, Queensryche released Operation: Mindcrime, a narrative concept album that proved a massive critical and commercial success.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_982801502b2a47bab9da7247ee0db2d8_1_q#1", "question": "Was this a successful album?", "rewrite": "Was Mindcrime by Queensryche a successful album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Operation: Mindcrime Operation : Mindcrime is the third studio album by the American progressive metal band Queensr\u00ffche. Originally released on May 3, 1988, the album was reissued on May 6, 2003 with two bonus tracks, and again in 2006 as a deluxe box set. A concept album and a rock opera , its story follows Nikki, a recovering drug addict who becomes disillusioned with the corrupt society of his time and reluctantly becomes involved with a revolutionary group as an assassin of political leaders. In January 1989, it ranked at No. 34 on \"Kerrang!\" magazine's \"100 Greatest Heavy Metal Albums of All Time\". The album was certified by the RIAA as 'gold' a year after its release, and it was certified as 'platinum' in 1991. A sequel, \"\", was released on April 4, 2006. \"Operation: Mindcrime\" was recorded digitally on a Sony 24-track digital tape machine. The album was also mixed and mastered in the digital format. The band shot a one-off promotional video in 1988 for the song \"Speak\" using performance footage. It did not include a dramatization of any of the story's concepts. During the tour promoting the 1990 album \"Empire\", \"Operation: Mindcrime\" was performed in its entirety. The stage show featured video, animation and guest singer Pamela Moore as Sister Mary. A recording was released as \"\". The story was initially explored in a series of video clips for MTV in the 1989 VHS video, \"Video: Mindcrime\". In 2006, \"Operation: Mindcrime\" was re-released as a deluxe box set, containing the 2003 remaster, a live CD with the album played in its entirety at the Hammersmith Odeon on November 15, 1990, and a bonus DVD containing the 1989 \"Video: Mindcrime\" and bonus clips.", "In 1988, Queensryche released Operation: Mindcrime, a narrative concept album that proved a massive critical and commercial success. The album's story revolved around a junkie named Nikki, who is brainwashed into performing assassinations for an underground movement. Nikki is torn over his misplaced loyalty to the cause and his love for Mary, a reformed hooker-turned-nun (vocals by Pamela Moore), who gets in the way. The band's progressive metal style was fully developed on this album. The band toured through much of 1988 and 1989 with several bands, including Def Leppard, Guns N' Roses and Metallica. The album gained critical acclaim and achieved gold status. The release of Empire (1990) brought Queensryche to the height of their commercial popularity. It peaked at No. 7 and sold more than three million copies in the United States, more than their previous four releases combined (it was also certified silver in the UK). The power ballad \"Silent Lucidity\", which featured an orchestra, became the band's first Top 10 single. The arrangements on Empire were more straightforward than the band's previous efforts. The subsequent \"Building Empires\" tour was the first full-fledged tour to feature Queensryche as a headlining act (the band had previously headlined a tour in Japan in support of Operation: Mindcrime, and had headlined a handful of club and theater shows in the U.S. between 1984 and 1988, and the UK in 1988). The group used its headlining status to perform Operation: Mindcrime in its entirety, as well as songs from Empire. The tour lasted 18 months, longer than any tour the band had undertaken before or has since.", "While Tate was in the band Babylon, he was asked to sing with the cover band The Mob (who would later start writing original material and become Queensryche) at a local rock festival. After Babylon broke up, Tate performed a few shows with The Mob, but left because he was not interested in performing heavy metal cover songs. Tate then joined the progressive metal band Myth as lead vocalist and keyboardist. Other band members of Myth included Kelly Gray, who was later one of the replacements for Queensryche guitarist Chris DeGarmo, and Randy Gane, both of whom joined Tate's version of Queensryche in 2012. The Mob again called on Tate in 1981, this time to record a demo tape, which he accepted, convincing his bandmates in Myth that getting professional recording experience would benefit all of them in the future. The band already had a set of songs, but one song was still left without lyrics. Tate was asked to write lyrics to this song, which would become the song \"The Lady Wore Black\", Tate's first penned song with the band. The demo tape was widely circulated, and was released as an EP in 1982 on the 206 Records label. Around this time, the name The Mob was changed to Queensryche, and Tate left Myth to become Queensryche's permanent lead singer. Myth went on to record the album Arabia after Tate had left. Queensryche was signed to EMI in the summer of 1983, with a contract spanning 15 years and encompassing seven albums. EMI re-released the EP, Queensryche, to moderate success, peaking at No. 81 on the Billboard charts. With Queensryche, Tate had great successes, especially with the concept album Operation: Mindcrime, which was released in 1988, and 1990's Empire. The band has sold over 20 million albums worldwide.", "On June 20, 2012, it was announced that Queensryche had fired Tate, replacing him with Crimson Glory vocalist Todd La Torre. Soon after, Tate and his wife Susan (who served as the band's manager from 2005-2012) filed a lawsuit in a Washington court, saying that he was wrongfully terminated from the group. They also filed a preliminary injunction in an attempt to prevent either side from using the band's name and likeness until the lawsuit was settled, but this was denied by a judge who decided that both parties can use the name Queensryche until a settlement or a court verdict determines who gets the name. It was revealed to the public on April 28, 2014 that Rockenfield, Wilton and Jackson were given the exclusive rights to the Queensryche trademark and that Tate received the rights to Operation: Mindcrime.", "Operation: Mindcrime II Operation: Mindcrime II is the ninth studio album by the American progressive metal band Queensr\u00ffche. It is a concept album and the sequel to the group's 1988 release, \"\", which had achieved both critical and commercial success. \" Mindcrime II\" was released on April 4, 2006 in the United States, on March 29 in Japan, on March 31 in Germany, and on April 3 in the rest of world, with the Rhino Entertainment label providing distribution. The lead single, titled \"I'm American,\" was performed by Queensr\u00ffche during their 2005 tour, which they took in support of the group Judas Priest. The album resumes the story of \"Mindcrime\", which is that of Nikki, a drug-addicted political revolutionary who had worked as an assassin before his disillusionment and arrest. Nikki had been jailed for the murder of prostitute-turned-nun Sister Mary at the end of \"Mindcrime\", with his sanity slipping as he genuinely didn't know who had killed Mary and had grown close to her before her death. As \"Mindcrime II\" begins, eighteen-years-later, Nikki is released from prison and begins to plot his revenge against Dr. X, a manipulative demagogue from the first album that had treated Nikki as his puppet. Vocalist Pamela Moore reprises her role as Sister Mary for the album. The role of Dr. X (played by actor Anthony Valentine on the first album) went to famous heavy metal singer Ronnie James Dio. Singer Geoff Tate handles the vocals for the protagonist. Following the split between Geoff Tate and the rest of Queensr\u00ffche in 2012, it was revealed in a sworn declaration by producer Jason Slater that the album received very limited contributions from the band members aside from Tate and Mike Stone."], "answer": {"text": "The album gained critical acclaim and achieved gold status.", "answer_start": 609}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is mindcrime?", "answer": {"text": "In 1988, Queensryche released Operation: Mindcrime, a narrative concept album that proved a massive critical and commercial success.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_982801502b2a47bab9da7247ee0db2d8_1_q#2", "question": "Can you tell me a little about the Empire and mainstream success?", "rewrite": "Can you tell me a little about the Queensryche's Empire and mainstream success?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1988, Queensryche released Operation: Mindcrime, a narrative concept album that proved a massive critical and commercial success. The album's story revolved around a junkie named Nikki, who is brainwashed into performing assassinations for an underground movement. Nikki is torn over his misplaced loyalty to the cause and his love for Mary, a reformed hooker-turned-nun (vocals by Pamela Moore), who gets in the way. The band's progressive metal style was fully developed on this album. The band toured through much of 1988 and 1989 with several bands, including Def Leppard, Guns N' Roses and Metallica. The album gained critical acclaim and achieved gold status. The release of Empire (1990) brought Queensryche to the height of their commercial popularity. It peaked at No. 7 and sold more than three million copies in the United States, more than their previous four releases combined (it was also certified silver in the UK). The power ballad \"Silent Lucidity\", which featured an orchestra, became the band's first Top 10 single. The arrangements on Empire were more straightforward than the band's previous efforts. The subsequent \"Building Empires\" tour was the first full-fledged tour to feature Queensryche as a headlining act (the band had previously headlined a tour in Japan in support of Operation: Mindcrime, and had headlined a handful of club and theater shows in the U.S. between 1984 and 1988, and the UK in 1988). The group used its headlining status to perform Operation: Mindcrime in its entirety, as well as songs from Empire. The tour lasted 18 months, longer than any tour the band had undertaken before or has since.", "While Tate was in the band Babylon, he was asked to sing with the cover band The Mob (who would later start writing original material and become Queensryche) at a local rock festival. After Babylon broke up, Tate performed a few shows with The Mob, but left because he was not interested in performing heavy metal cover songs. Tate then joined the progressive metal band Myth as lead vocalist and keyboardist. Other band members of Myth included Kelly Gray, who was later one of the replacements for Queensryche guitarist Chris DeGarmo, and Randy Gane, both of whom joined Tate's version of Queensryche in 2012. The Mob again called on Tate in 1981, this time to record a demo tape, which he accepted, convincing his bandmates in Myth that getting professional recording experience would benefit all of them in the future. The band already had a set of songs, but one song was still left without lyrics. Tate was asked to write lyrics to this song, which would become the song \"The Lady Wore Black\", Tate's first penned song with the band. The demo tape was widely circulated, and was released as an EP in 1982 on the 206 Records label. Around this time, the name The Mob was changed to Queensryche, and Tate left Myth to become Queensryche's permanent lead singer. Myth went on to record the album Arabia after Tate had left. Queensryche was signed to EMI in the summer of 1983, with a contract spanning 15 years and encompassing seven albums. EMI re-released the EP, Queensryche, to moderate success, peaking at No. 81 on the Billboard charts. With Queensryche, Tate had great successes, especially with the concept album Operation: Mindcrime, which was released in 1988, and 1990's Empire. The band has sold over 20 million albums worldwide.", "In the middle of the recording sessions for the album, a special tour with two other progressive metal bands, Queensryche and Fates Warning, was undertaken in North America. Referred to in the band's promotional material as the \"Escape from the Studio American tour\", the tour featured Queensryche and Dream Theater as co-headlining acts with Fates Warning performing supporting act duties. As a finale for each concert there was an extended encore in which both Dream Theater and Queensryche performed together on stage simultaneously, often playing cover songs. At the completion of the tour, Dream Theater returned to the studio to finish the recording of their seventh album, Train of Thought. In contrast to the extended songs of their previous album, the band aimed to write a more song-oriented album, inspired in part by covering the Master of Puppets and Number of the Beast albums on their previous concert tour. Although the album was a critical success, its more straightforward metal sound alienated many of the band's existing fans, who had been attracted by the band's roots in progressive rock. During this time they also re-released their first two live videos for the first time on DVD, entitled \"Images and Words: Live in Tokyo/5 Years in a Livetime\" on June 29, 2004, through Rhino Records. This release was certified Platinum on March 22, 2006. Another world tour followed, named Train of Thought Tour. A modest North American tour was completed by the two bands, which Dream Theater supported Yes, a band which had been a major influence on their own musical style. After which Dream Theater continued to tour the world with their so-called \"An Evening With Dream Theater\" shows. The latter were captured in another live CD/DVD release, recorded at the famous Nippon Budokan Hall in Tokyo, Japan on their Train of Thought Tour.", "Jurek on Tate's vocals, says \"he's still got a hell of a voice from what we can hear of it here\", but he concludes that \"[a]s a whole, \"Frequency Unknown\" suffers from subpar, muddy sound, which basically mars the entire record\", and that \"[t]he re-recordings of classic tracks were totally unnecessary.\" Sputnikmusic staff writer Trey Spencer disagrees with Jurek, stating: \"\"Frequency Unknown\" is not heavy or progressive, and it actually sounds less like a Queensryche album than \"Dedicated to Chaos\". (...) this is simply faceless modern rock\". Although Spencer describes how this album \"was doomed from the start\" due to all the controversy around it, he admits: \" I truly hoped that all of the drama would be enough to light a fire under Geoff Tate\u2019s ass and make him enter the studio with something to prove. Frequency Unknown definitely proves a few things, but none of them are positive. It proves that Geoff is willing to rush a subpar product to his fans, and that his separation from the rest of the band was for the best. This isn\u2019t a good Queensryche album, and it\u2019s barely passable under any other name. \" A more supportive review for the album was provided by Lou Vickers from Ultimate Guitar Archive, who said of the change in sound: \"This dramatic change in sound is an upgrade from the mostly bland, pop-rock style showcased in such recent outings as \"Dedicated To Chaos\" and \"American Soldier\", but for those fans looking for a strong return to form, you should probably look elsewhere,\" because \"although it is admittedly better than the past decade of Queensryche albums, [it] still falls a short.\"", "DeGarmo was replaced by guitarist and producer Kelly Gray. Gray's connections with Queensryche went back to the early '80s, when he was the guitarist for Myth, which was also the band Tate fronted prior to joining Queensryche. Gray had previously worked as a producer for bands such as Dokken and Candlebox. Queensryche recorded one studio album with Gray, Q2K from 1999, which was also the first album for their new label, Atlantic Records. Musically, Q2K bore little resemblance to the progressive metal of the band's past, and also displayed a similar stripped-down sound as Hear in the Now Frontier. Tate has described Q2K as a continuation of the experimentation of Hear in the Now Frontier. Declining popularity forced the band to tour in clubs and theaters, rather than in the larger arenas and outdoor amphitheaters where they played before. Following the Q2K tour, Rockenfield and Gray formed the side project Slave to the System with band members from Brother Cane and recorded a self-titled album. After the release of a greatest hits collection in 2000, Queensryche embarked on another tour, this time in support of Iron Maiden. This enabled the band to play Madison Square Garden for the first time. Unhappy with the lack of support they felt they received from Atlantic Records, Queensryche moved to Sanctuary Records in 2001. In July of that year, the band performed a handful of dates at the Moore Theatre in Seattle, Washington. The shows were recorded and released in September 2001 as Live Evolution, the band's second live album. In 2001 and 2002, Tate worked on his self-titled first solo album, which was released on June 25, 2002. Gray was fired from the band in May 2002, which according to Rockenfield was \"because of [his] personal abuse habits and ongoing problems\"."], "answer": {"text": "The release of Empire (1990) brought Queensryche to the height of their commercial popularity. It peaked at No. 7 and sold more than three million copies in the United States,", "answer_start": 669}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is mindcrime?", "answer": {"text": "In 1988, Queensryche released Operation: Mindcrime, a narrative concept album that proved a massive critical and commercial success.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a successful album?", "answer": {"text": "The album gained critical acclaim and achieved gold status.", "answer_start": 609, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_982801502b2a47bab9da7247ee0db2d8_1_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than describing the success of the albums Empire and Mindcrime, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Many ABA nationals coincided with important NBL nationals and considering there was an informal pro boycott of ABA nationals with the most prominent pros competing in the NBL and second tier sanctioning bodies like the United Bicycle Racers (UBR) and with those races were often scheduled on the same weekend as ABA events, the press followed. This led to a further decrease in coverage with the ABA events only getting one page, half page or even just a blurb in the \"Breaking News\" section of a major BMX publication, for instance \"BMX Plus! \" 's \"Check Point\", which as previously mentioned due to lack of top pros at ABA events did not cover any ABA races in depth for eight months. The BMX industry noticed this of course. In consequence, there were fewer BMX and non-BMX companies willing to sponsor, i.e. invest in, ABA events with the fewer direct and indirect advertising possibilities like a race team and/or particular racer they were sponsoring having a win reported in detail or even a company banner appearing in the background of a photograph by happenstance that would be printed in a major BMX magazine. Those companies could not only stop sponsoring and co-sponsoring ABA races, but also stop sending their expensive race teams to ABA Nationals. Also, the rank and file non-sponsored BMX racers-the vast majority-could stop attending ABA events if they perceive a lack of press coverage and a lack of big name pros and amateurs they wanted to see and race against stop participating. The in house \"ABA Action\" newspaper was not enough since it was restricted to ABA members and therefore it had a limited audience in comparison to a newsstand magazine. The obvious solution afforded to the ABA was to create its own magazine. In 1982 Mennenga created \"Bicycles and Dirt\" to circumvent the established press and attract advertisers.", "Operation: Mindcrime II Operation: Mindcrime II is the ninth studio album by the American progressive metal band Queensr\u00ffche. It is a concept album and the sequel to the group's 1988 release, \"\", which had achieved both critical and commercial success. \" Mindcrime II\" was released on April 4, 2006 in the United States, on March 29 in Japan, on March 31 in Germany, and on April 3 in the rest of world, with the Rhino Entertainment label providing distribution. The lead single, titled \"I'm American,\" was performed by Queensr\u00ffche during their 2005 tour, which they took in support of the group Judas Priest. The album resumes the story of \"Mindcrime\", which is that of Nikki, a drug-addicted political revolutionary who had worked as an assassin before his disillusionment and arrest. Nikki had been jailed for the murder of prostitute-turned-nun Sister Mary at the end of \"Mindcrime\", with his sanity slipping as he genuinely didn't know who had killed Mary and had grown close to her before her death. As \"Mindcrime II\" begins, eighteen-years-later, Nikki is released from prison and begins to plot his revenge against Dr. X, a manipulative demagogue from the first album that had treated Nikki as his puppet. Vocalist Pamela Moore reprises her role as Sister Mary for the album. The role of Dr. X (played by actor Anthony Valentine on the first album) went to famous heavy metal singer Ronnie James Dio. Singer Geoff Tate handles the vocals for the protagonist. Following the split between Geoff Tate and the rest of Queensr\u00ffche in 2012, it was revealed in a sworn declaration by producer Jason Slater that the album received very limited contributions from the band members aside from Tate and Mike Stone.", "In 1988, Queensryche released Operation: Mindcrime, a narrative concept album that proved a massive critical and commercial success. The album's story revolved around a junkie named Nikki, who is brainwashed into performing assassinations for an underground movement. Nikki is torn over his misplaced loyalty to the cause and his love for Mary, a reformed hooker-turned-nun (vocals by Pamela Moore), who gets in the way. The band's progressive metal style was fully developed on this album. The band toured through much of 1988 and 1989 with several bands, including Def Leppard, Guns N' Roses and Metallica. The album gained critical acclaim and achieved gold status. The release of Empire (1990) brought Queensryche to the height of their commercial popularity. It peaked at No. 7 and sold more than three million copies in the United States, more than their previous four releases combined (it was also certified silver in the UK). The power ballad \"Silent Lucidity\", which featured an orchestra, became the band's first Top 10 single. The arrangements on Empire were more straightforward than the band's previous efforts. The subsequent \"Building Empires\" tour was the first full-fledged tour to feature Queensryche as a headlining act (the band had previously headlined a tour in Japan in support of Operation: Mindcrime, and had headlined a handful of club and theater shows in the U.S. between 1984 and 1988, and the UK in 1988). The group used its headlining status to perform Operation: Mindcrime in its entirety, as well as songs from Empire. The tour lasted 18 months, longer than any tour the band had undertaken before or has since.", "Operation: Mindcrime Operation : Mindcrime is the third studio album by the American progressive metal band Queensr\u00ffche. Originally released on May 3, 1988, the album was reissued on May 6, 2003 with two bonus tracks, and again in 2006 as a deluxe box set. A concept album and a rock opera , its story follows Nikki, a recovering drug addict who becomes disillusioned with the corrupt society of his time and reluctantly becomes involved with a revolutionary group as an assassin of political leaders. In January 1989, it ranked at No. 34 on \"Kerrang!\" magazine's \"100 Greatest Heavy Metal Albums of All Time\". The album was certified by the RIAA as 'gold' a year after its release, and it was certified as 'platinum' in 1991. A sequel, \"\", was released on April 4, 2006. \"Operation: Mindcrime\" was recorded digitally on a Sony 24-track digital tape machine. The album was also mixed and mastered in the digital format. The band shot a one-off promotional video in 1988 for the song \"Speak\" using performance footage. It did not include a dramatization of any of the story's concepts. During the tour promoting the 1990 album \"Empire\", \"Operation: Mindcrime\" was performed in its entirety. The stage show featured video, animation and guest singer Pamela Moore as Sister Mary. A recording was released as \"\". The story was initially explored in a series of video clips for MTV in the 1989 VHS video, \"Video: Mindcrime\". In 2006, \"Operation: Mindcrime\" was re-released as a deluxe box set, containing the 2003 remaster, a live CD with the album played in its entirety at the Hammersmith Odeon on November 15, 1990, and a bonus DVD containing the 1989 \"Video: Mindcrime\" and bonus clips.", "The song \"I Don't Believe in Love\" was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1990 in the category \"Best Metal Performance\". In the United States, the album was certified Gold a year after its release, and certified Platinum in 1991. In 2017, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"Operation: Mindcrime\" as 67th on their list of 'The 100 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time.' A sequel, \"\", was released on April 4, 2006, with Ronnie James Dio taking over the role of Dr. X. The subsequent tour consisted of the band performing both \"Operation: Mindcrime\" and its sequel in their entirety, back-to-back, with actors, props, an elaborate stage set, and a video screen. The live act from that tour also portrayed Mary's death clearly for the first time. It was later released on the 2007 DVD \"Mindcrime at the Moore\", which included a recording of Dio's only live performance of \"The Chase\". Queensr\u00ffche Cast Production"], "answer": {"text": "The subsequent \"Building Empires\" tour was the first full-fledged tour to feature Queensryche as a headlining act", "answer_start": 1126}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is mindcrime?", "answer": {"text": "In 1988, Queensryche released Operation: Mindcrime, a narrative concept album that proved a massive critical and commercial success.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a successful album?", "answer": {"text": "The album gained critical acclaim and achieved gold status.", "answer_start": 609, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you tell me a little about the Empire and mainstream success?", "answer": {"text": "The release of Empire (1990) brought Queensryche to the height of their commercial popularity. It peaked at No. 7 and sold more than three million copies in the United States,", "answer_start": 669, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did it stay on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_982801502b2a47bab9da7247ee0db2d8_1_q#5", "question": "Was there any downside to the tour?", "rewrite": "Was there any downside to Queensryche's \"Building Empires\" tour?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Building Empires Tour The Building Empires Tour was a concert tour by American heavy metal band Queensr\u00ffche in support of their latest album \"Empire\". The setlist consisted of the band performing their album \"\" in full. Suicidal Tendencies and Warrior Soul supported the band throughout North America.", "DeGarmo was replaced by guitarist and producer Kelly Gray. Gray's connections with Queensryche went back to the early '80s, when he was the guitarist for Myth, which was also the band Tate fronted prior to joining Queensryche. Gray had previously worked as a producer for bands such as Dokken and Candlebox. Queensryche recorded one studio album with Gray, Q2K from 1999, which was also the first album for their new label, Atlantic Records. Musically, Q2K bore little resemblance to the progressive metal of the band's past, and also displayed a similar stripped-down sound as Hear in the Now Frontier. Tate has described Q2K as a continuation of the experimentation of Hear in the Now Frontier. Declining popularity forced the band to tour in clubs and theaters, rather than in the larger arenas and outdoor amphitheaters where they played before. Following the Q2K tour, Rockenfield and Gray formed the side project Slave to the System with band members from Brother Cane and recorded a self-titled album. After the release of a greatest hits collection in 2000, Queensryche embarked on another tour, this time in support of Iron Maiden. This enabled the band to play Madison Square Garden for the first time. Unhappy with the lack of support they felt they received from Atlantic Records, Queensryche moved to Sanctuary Records in 2001. In July of that year, the band performed a handful of dates at the Moore Theatre in Seattle, Washington. The shows were recorded and released in September 2001 as Live Evolution, the band's second live album. In 2001 and 2002, Tate worked on his self-titled first solo album, which was released on June 25, 2002. Gray was fired from the band in May 2002, which according to Rockenfield was \"because of [his] personal abuse habits and ongoing problems\".", "In the middle of the recording sessions for the album, a special tour with two other progressive metal bands, Queensryche and Fates Warning, was undertaken in North America. Referred to in the band's promotional material as the \"Escape from the Studio American tour\", the tour featured Queensryche and Dream Theater as co-headlining acts with Fates Warning performing supporting act duties. As a finale for each concert there was an extended encore in which both Dream Theater and Queensryche performed together on stage simultaneously, often playing cover songs. At the completion of the tour, Dream Theater returned to the studio to finish the recording of their seventh album, Train of Thought. In contrast to the extended songs of their previous album, the band aimed to write a more song-oriented album, inspired in part by covering the Master of Puppets and Number of the Beast albums on their previous concert tour. Although the album was a critical success, its more straightforward metal sound alienated many of the band's existing fans, who had been attracted by the band's roots in progressive rock. During this time they also re-released their first two live videos for the first time on DVD, entitled \"Images and Words: Live in Tokyo/5 Years in a Livetime\" on June 29, 2004, through Rhino Records. This release was certified Platinum on March 22, 2006. Another world tour followed, named Train of Thought Tour. A modest North American tour was completed by the two bands, which Dream Theater supported Yes, a band which had been a major influence on their own musical style. After which Dream Theater continued to tour the world with their so-called \"An Evening With Dream Theater\" shows. The latter were captured in another live CD/DVD release, recorded at the famous Nippon Budokan Hall in Tokyo, Japan on their Train of Thought Tour.", "While Tate was in the band Babylon, he was asked to sing with the cover band The Mob (who would later start writing original material and become Queensryche) at a local rock festival. After Babylon broke up, Tate performed a few shows with The Mob, but left because he was not interested in performing heavy metal cover songs. Tate then joined the progressive metal band Myth as lead vocalist and keyboardist. Other band members of Myth included Kelly Gray, who was later one of the replacements for Queensryche guitarist Chris DeGarmo, and Randy Gane, both of whom joined Tate's version of Queensryche in 2012. The Mob again called on Tate in 1981, this time to record a demo tape, which he accepted, convincing his bandmates in Myth that getting professional recording experience would benefit all of them in the future. The band already had a set of songs, but one song was still left without lyrics. Tate was asked to write lyrics to this song, which would become the song \"The Lady Wore Black\", Tate's first penned song with the band. The demo tape was widely circulated, and was released as an EP in 1982 on the 206 Records label. Around this time, the name The Mob was changed to Queensryche, and Tate left Myth to become Queensryche's permanent lead singer. Myth went on to record the album Arabia after Tate had left. Queensryche was signed to EMI in the summer of 1983, with a contract spanning 15 years and encompassing seven albums. EMI re-released the EP, Queensryche, to moderate success, peaking at No. 81 on the Billboard charts. With Queensryche, Tate had great successes, especially with the concept album Operation: Mindcrime, which was released in 1988, and 1990's Empire. The band has sold over 20 million albums worldwide.", "In 1988, Queensryche released Operation: Mindcrime, a narrative concept album that proved a massive critical and commercial success. The album's story revolved around a junkie named Nikki, who is brainwashed into performing assassinations for an underground movement. Nikki is torn over his misplaced loyalty to the cause and his love for Mary, a reformed hooker-turned-nun (vocals by Pamela Moore), who gets in the way. The band's progressive metal style was fully developed on this album. The band toured through much of 1988 and 1989 with several bands, including Def Leppard, Guns N' Roses and Metallica. The album gained critical acclaim and achieved gold status. The release of Empire (1990) brought Queensryche to the height of their commercial popularity. It peaked at No. 7 and sold more than three million copies in the United States, more than their previous four releases combined (it was also certified silver in the UK). The power ballad \"Silent Lucidity\", which featured an orchestra, became the band's first Top 10 single. The arrangements on Empire were more straightforward than the band's previous efforts. The subsequent \"Building Empires\" tour was the first full-fledged tour to feature Queensryche as a headlining act (the band had previously headlined a tour in Japan in support of Operation: Mindcrime, and had headlined a handful of club and theater shows in the U.S. between 1984 and 1988, and the UK in 1988). The group used its headlining status to perform Operation: Mindcrime in its entirety, as well as songs from Empire. The tour lasted 18 months, longer than any tour the band had undertaken before or has since."], "answer": {"text": "during a show in a sports hall in Ichtegem, Belgium on November 20, 1990, a scuffle in the audience resulted in an American fan getting fatally stabbed in the chest.", "answer_start": 61}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is mindcrime?", "answer": {"text": "In 1988, Queensryche released Operation: Mindcrime, a narrative concept album that proved a massive critical and commercial success.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a successful album?", "answer": {"text": "The album gained critical acclaim and achieved gold status.", "answer_start": 609, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you tell me a little about the Empire and mainstream success?", "answer": {"text": "The release of Empire (1990) brought Queensryche to the height of their commercial popularity. It peaked at No. 7 and sold more than three million copies in the United States,", "answer_start": 669, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did it stay on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The subsequent \"Building Empires\" tour was the first full-fledged tour to feature Queensryche as a headlining act", "answer_start": 1126, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_982801502b2a47bab9da7247ee0db2d8_1_q#6", "question": "What else happened follwing the stabbing?", "rewrite": "Other than the death of a fan, what else happened following the stabbing in Ichtegem, Belgium?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Military Police Element, where they are responsible to enforce Canadian Law among the CF personal, and to assist other Military Police of different nations in enforcing conduct and discipline Under the former Operation ATHENA, CFMP members were stationed with Task Force Kandahar for the Operational Mentor and Liaison Team (OMLT), Operational Mentor and Advisory Teams (OMATs) and the Police Operational Mentor and Liaison Team (P-OMLT). CFMP also had a unit supporting Task Force Afghanistan. Canada's Engagement in Afghanistan Official Website \u2013 Canada's New Role in Afghanistan \u2013 2011 to 2014 Canada's Engagement in Afghanistan Official Website - Canada\u2019s Military and Police Training Role in Afghanistan: 2011-2014 The CFMP operate many units across Canada. Most of the units are \"total force\" meaning they employ both regular force and primary reserve members of the CF. All units are under the control of the Canadian Forces Military Police Group (CF MP Gp), headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario. The Naval Military Police Group (N MP Gp) is a Military Police formation with the mandate to provide policing services to the Navy. The formation comprises a HQ in Ottawa, Ontario, and two subordinate units: Naval MP Unit Esquimalt, and Naval MP Unit Halifax. MPU Ottawa and MPU Borden also fall under the Naval Military Police Group with mandates to provide policing services to Canadian Forces Support Unit Ottawa (CFSU(O)) and Canadian Forces Base Borden/Canadian Forces Training Support Group (CFB Borden CFTSG) respectively. The Canadian Army Military Police Group (CA MP Gp) is a Military Police formation with the mandate to provide policing services to the Army.", "Monolithi Monolithi is a big sandy beach, in west coast of Preveza Prefecture, Greece. Total length of the beach is 25 km. So, it is not the longest sandy beach of European Union, The longest beach within the EU is on Portugal's West coast between the Troia peninsula and Sines and it is 62.37Km in length. The name Monolithi comes from Greek roots \"\u039c\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2\" + \"\u039b\u03af\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2\" = \"single\" + \"stone\". It was an oversea rock 10X10m, near the coast, until year 1942, when German and Italian soldiers destroyed the rock with mortar fire. A photograph before 1942 is available. Today the rock exists as an undersea reef (-10 cm from the surface). Monolithi beach extends like a sector with western orientation, in length 25 km, from Village Mytikas of Preveza (Cape Komarus) until the Village Kastrosykia also of Preveza City. The wide of sandy beach in winter is about 50\u201310 meters, and ends in Monolithi protected forest, also in Koukos hills. During all coast of Monolithi coast we have the Villages Mytikas, Kanali and Kastrosykia. The coastline of the Ionian Sea has a mixed form. The main sandy beach of Mytikas, Monolithi, Kanali, to Kastrosykia length is 25 km is the longest of the European Union sandy beach. (Panos Paschos, 2002). The Ionian coast are wide historical creation that starts from the middle Pleistocene (600,000 years BC).", "Items of Jackson's clothing and a Jackson poster were removed from the Children's Museum of Indianapolis, but Jackson's photographs from the museum's Ryan White exhibit were kept. Fashion house Louis Vuitton canceled Jackson-inspired products planned for its 2019 collections. American artistic gymnast Katelyn Ohashi removed Jackson's music and Jackson-inspired dance moves from her floor routine at the 2019 PAC-12 Championships. The city council of Brussels cancelled plans to dress the \"Manneken Pis\" sculpture in Jackson's signature clothing. Despite the negative publicity, Jackson's honors were not rescinded, as happened following sexual assault allegations made against Bill Cosby and Harvey Weinstein, and there were no mass calls to stop playing his music, as happened following allegations against R. Kelly. His combined music sales, including his work with the Jackson 5, increased 10%. Streams of his music and videos increased 6%, rising from 18.7 million between February 24 and 26 to 19.7 million between March 3 and 5. His videos were viewed 22.1 million times, an increase of roughly 1.2 million from the week prior, and three of his albums re-entered the UK iTunes chart. In June 2019, around the time of the tenth anniversary of Jackson's death, various industry executives said that his legacy would endure. Darren Julien, president of Julien's Auctions, which has sold millions of dollars' worth of Jackson memorabilia, said: \"He still commands prices compared to most any other celebrity.\" \"Billboard\" senior editor Gail Mitchell said she interviewed about thirty music executives who believed Jackson's legacy could withstand the controversy.", "Ichtegem Ichtegem is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders 15 km southwest of Bruges. The municipality comprises the towns of Bekegem, Eernegem and Ichtegem proper. On January 1, 2006 Ichtegem had a total population of 13,423. The total area is 45.33 km\u00b2 which gives a population density of 296 inhabitants per km\u00b2. The current mayor is Karl Bonny. In 2006, Ichtegem was declared the official \"Dorp van de Ronde\" (Town of the Tour) for the 90th annual road cycling race the Tour of Flanders. Ichtegem also gained a bit of notoriety when on November 20th 1990, a man was stabbed to death during a concert of American progressive metal band Queensr\u00ffche at the local sports hall Keiberg.", "Central Motorway Police Group The Central Motorway Police Group (CMPG) is a co-operative operation between two police forces in the West Midlands of England. Officers from the two forces involved \u2013 Staffordshire Police, and West Midlands Police \u2013 provide a dedicated policing service on several hundred miles of the motorway network in the Staffordshire and West Midlands police areas. The radio control room is based at Quinton working with Highways England, and central vehicle depot is located adjacent to the M6 at Perry Barr in Birmingham where Thornbridge Avenue passes under the motorway. The depot has direct access onto both the northbound and southbound carriageways of the motorway allowing police vehicles to respond faster to incidents. In June 2008 Merseyside Police, Lancashire Constabulary and Cheshire Constabulary established the North West Motorway Police Group covering the motorways in their respective areas following the success of the CMPG. Greater Manchester Police joined the group in 2011. However in 2018, Lancashire Constabulary announced that they would be withdrawing from the group. The CMPG was first formed in 1990, when West Mercia Constabulary, now known as West Mercia Police and West Midlands Police formed a partnership to police approximately of motorway in Birmingham, the West Midlands and North Worcestershire. Staffordshire Police and Warwickshire Police joined the partnership in 2001, bringing the motorway sections in those counties within the Group's area of responsibility, while West Mercia increased its input. Warwickshire withdrew from the CMPG in April 2007 and West Mercia announced their intention to withdraw in July 2017, partly due to the Strategic Alliance they have with Warwickshire. West Mercia Police withdrew from CMPG at 07:00 on Sunday 8 April 2018. Currently, the CMPG has responsibility for: CMPG Patrol Bases:"], "answer": {"text": "Tour manager Howard Ungerleider immediately stopped the show as the band was only playing the seventh song on the set list, \"Roads to Madness\".", "answer_start": 227}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is mindcrime?", "answer": {"text": "In 1988, Queensryche released Operation: Mindcrime, a narrative concept album that proved a massive critical and commercial success.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a successful album?", "answer": {"text": "The album gained critical acclaim and achieved gold status.", "answer_start": 609, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you tell me a little about the Empire and mainstream success?", "answer": {"text": "The release of Empire (1990) brought Queensryche to the height of their commercial popularity. It peaked at No. 7 and sold more than three million copies in the United States,", "answer_start": 669, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did it stay on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The subsequent \"Building Empires\" tour was the first full-fledged tour to feature Queensryche as a headlining act", "answer_start": 1126, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any downside to the tour?", "answer": {"text": "during a show in a sports hall in Ichtegem, Belgium on November 20, 1990, a scuffle in the audience resulted in an American fan getting fatally stabbed in the chest.", "answer_start": 61, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_fce931306f044505b93a1032dd9a96ff_0_q#0", "question": "What presenting roles has Priyanka Chopra performed on TV?", "rewrite": "What presenting roles has Priyanka Chopra performed on TV?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["However, Basu feared that audience would see \"the Priyanka Chopra\" and not the character due to Chopra's stardom. Basu explained \"I had the fear that I would see Priyanka Chopra in the character and Jhilmil wouldn\u2019t work. This has happened in many films where known faces have harmed the character.\" Priyanka Chopra was cast to play the part but, the development was not announced as Basu wanted to workshop first and see how it goes. After three days of workshop, Basu was convinced that Chopra could play the autistic part and reflected that he was glad that he chose Chopra for the role. Later, Basu revealed that he did not approach any actress other than Chopra for the autistic part. After Chopra was cast in the film, Kaif left the project for unknown reasons. Media reported that she may have opted out of the film because Chopra had been given a stronger role. Later, media reported that Asin was approached to play the role of the narrator, replacing Kaif. However, Asin was never signed to the project. Media reported that no other actress wanted to sign for the film because according to them, the autistic part was stronger. In July 2010, \"Mumbai Mirror\" reported that Chopra was ready to play the role of narrator and leave the autistic role, so that another actress could be cast in the film; Chopra did not want the film to stall. Basu confirmed this development and said, \" It\u2019s true we\u2019ve been unable to cast the other part.\" After facing several casting problems, Basu chose to cast a completely new fresh face to play the second female role. In early December 2010, Ileana D'Cruz from south Indian films, was finalised for the second female lead, featuring as narrator and Kapoor's first love interest in the film.", "She particularly praised Chopra's performance and wrote: \"Priyanka Chopra transforms into 12 new skins with astonishing distinction, voice and spirit. The actress reinvents herself into this unique individual every single time ranging from batty, bashful and boisterous. This is simply her show.\" Sonia Chopra of Sify also gave a mixed review, noting that the film could have been hugely entertaining but was affected by \"a repetitive layout and agonising length\". She believed that the film was watchable because of Priyanka Chopra's \"consistently stellar act\"; she carried the film ably on her shoulders and gave \"a fun and uninhibited performance.\" Namrata Joshi of \"Outlook\" gave the film 2 stars out of 4. She thought that Chopra played her characters \"competently, confidently but a bit unevenly\" and wrote: \"The one trump card for the film is the new queen bee Priyanka Chopra. The film is out-and-out a Priyanka show as she hogs screen time and audience attention with her 12 roles.\" Shubhra Gupra of \"The Indian Express\" was particularly critical of the length of the film and wrote: \"Ashutosh Gowariker's latest, which stretches close to four hours running time, starts feeling like bargain-basement from the get go. It's much too long, and, despite Priyanka's valiant efforts, just not engaging enough.\" Taran Adarsh from Bollywood Hungama gave it a negative review, criticising the writing and the length and saying that \"\"What's Your Raashee? \" has some wonderful moments and award-worthy performance[s] by Priyanka Chopra, but everything pales into insignificance when the written material is weak. \"", "Don escapes again. Roma will not appear in the third film of the series, \"Don 3\". Roma also appears in the comic books. In October 2011 a comic book based on \"Don 2\", \"Don: The Origin\", was published. The comic provides background details of Roma. Roma also appears in the PlayStation 2 game, \"\", was released in India in February 2013 as the final PAL game for PS2. The character was created by the screenwriters duo Salim-Javed. It was later developed by Farhan Akhtar for the 2011 film. with Zeenat Aman portrayed her in the 1978 film \"Don\" and is later portrayed by Priyanka Chopra in its 2006 remake and its sequel \"Don 2\" in 2011. Priyanka Chopra was cast to play Roma as Akhtar found her to be perfect for the role, saying, \"There is a docile sensuality about her which suits the character\". When he offered the role to her, she was excited to play the character and immediately agreed to do the film. The character of Roma has received good feedback from critics and audiences. Roma played by Zeenat Aman was considered as iconic. Later Priyanka Chopra was also praised for her role. Raja Sen of Rediff.com was impressed by Priyanka Chopra's performance, calling it \"film's biggest surprise\", and wrote, \"Stepping into Zeenat Aman's shoes is a tough task, but she doesn't really waste time pretending to be the stunner's successor. Chopra handles her role with efficiency, looking every bit the competent woman of actionand a ravishing babe who fills out a skintight white jumpsuit deliciously. Roma is a hard part to play, but Priyanka has a no-nonsense air about her throughout the film.", "Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role (previously known as the Apsara Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role) is given by the producers of the film and television guild as part of its annual award ceremony for Hindi films, to recognise a female actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role. Following its inception in 2004, no one was awarded in 2005 and 2007. \u2020 - indicates the performance also \"won\" the Filmfare Award< br> \u2021 - indicates the performance was also \"nominated\" for the Filmfare Award Vidya Balan and Priyanka Chopra, with three wins each, have more Best Actress wins than any other actress. Followed by Deepika Padukone with two wins. Two actresses have won the award in consecutive years; in chronological order, they are Priyanka Chopra (2009-10) and Vidya Balan (2011\u201313). There has been only one tie in the history of this category. This occurred in 2011 when Anushka Sharma and Vidya Balan were both given the award. Deepika Padukone, holds the record for most nominations in the Best Actress category, with 8, followed by Priyanka Chopra (7). Deepika Padukone and Priyanka Chopra are the overall most-nominated performers in the female acting categories, with 8 nominations overall. Deepika having 8 for Best Actress, and Priyanka having 7 for Best Actress and 1 for Best Supporting Actress. Deepika Padukone also holds the record for most consecutive year nominations with 7 between 2013 and 2016, being nominated thrice in 2014 and twice in 2016.", "Music for this film is given by Salim\u2013Sulaiman, while the lyrics have been penned by Manoj Muntashir. Prakash Jha has written additional lyrics for the song \"Najar Tori Raja\". Jai Gangaajal got mixed reviews from the critics. Bollywood Hungama gave 3 stars out of 5, mentioning the screenplay engaging, cinematography decent, editing praiseworthy, dialogues excellent. As for the performances, Priyanka Chopra delivers a superlative performance, be it her perfect and impeccable timing or her intimidating screen persona and presence but Prakash Jha pushes himself a bit too hard to get the nuances and the finer points of his character. Rajeev Masand gave the film 2.5 stars out of 5, mentioning it as a predictable police drama filled with the usual stereotypes but added that Priyanka Chopra and Prakash Jha's performances engaging. Srijana Mitra Das from The Times of India gave the film 3.5 stars. She praised the dialogues, editing and story, writing,\"It weaves together crucial contemporary threads \u2013 land mafias, corrupt netas, broker-cops, broken farmers-with Jha's enduring concern about vigilante justice.\" She applauded Priyanka Chopra's performance, writing, \"Priyanka Chopra shines as ' Madam Sir' Abha Mathur, whose lightning slaps and lathi charges have you applauding. This is a polished, restrained Priyanka, who barely smiles but conveys the ethics and empathy of the law.\" She commended Rahul Bhat's cameo and the dynamics between BN and Dablu but was disappointed with Manav Kaul's performance in particular."], "answer": {"text": "In 2007, Chopra was on the judges' panel of the Miss India pageant.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_fce931306f044505b93a1032dd9a96ff_0_q#1", "question": "What stage performances has she done?", "rewrite": "What stage performances has Priyanka Chopra performed?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["However, Basu feared that audience would see \"the Priyanka Chopra\" and not the character due to Chopra's stardom. Basu explained \"I had the fear that I would see Priyanka Chopra in the character and Jhilmil wouldn\u2019t work. This has happened in many films where known faces have harmed the character.\" Priyanka Chopra was cast to play the part but, the development was not announced as Basu wanted to workshop first and see how it goes. After three days of workshop, Basu was convinced that Chopra could play the autistic part and reflected that he was glad that he chose Chopra for the role. Later, Basu revealed that he did not approach any actress other than Chopra for the autistic part. After Chopra was cast in the film, Kaif left the project for unknown reasons. Media reported that she may have opted out of the film because Chopra had been given a stronger role. Later, media reported that Asin was approached to play the role of the narrator, replacing Kaif. However, Asin was never signed to the project. Media reported that no other actress wanted to sign for the film because according to them, the autistic part was stronger. In July 2010, \"Mumbai Mirror\" reported that Chopra was ready to play the role of narrator and leave the autistic role, so that another actress could be cast in the film; Chopra did not want the film to stall. Basu confirmed this development and said, \" It\u2019s true we\u2019ve been unable to cast the other part.\" After facing several casting problems, Basu chose to cast a completely new fresh face to play the second female role. In early December 2010, Ileana D'Cruz from south Indian films, was finalised for the second female lead, featuring as narrator and Kapoor's first love interest in the film.", "Music for this film is given by Salim\u2013Sulaiman, while the lyrics have been penned by Manoj Muntashir. Prakash Jha has written additional lyrics for the song \"Najar Tori Raja\". Jai Gangaajal got mixed reviews from the critics. Bollywood Hungama gave 3 stars out of 5, mentioning the screenplay engaging, cinematography decent, editing praiseworthy, dialogues excellent. As for the performances, Priyanka Chopra delivers a superlative performance, be it her perfect and impeccable timing or her intimidating screen persona and presence but Prakash Jha pushes himself a bit too hard to get the nuances and the finer points of his character. Rajeev Masand gave the film 2.5 stars out of 5, mentioning it as a predictable police drama filled with the usual stereotypes but added that Priyanka Chopra and Prakash Jha's performances engaging. Srijana Mitra Das from The Times of India gave the film 3.5 stars. She praised the dialogues, editing and story, writing,\"It weaves together crucial contemporary threads \u2013 land mafias, corrupt netas, broker-cops, broken farmers-with Jha's enduring concern about vigilante justice.\" She applauded Priyanka Chopra's performance, writing, \"Priyanka Chopra shines as ' Madam Sir' Abha Mathur, whose lightning slaps and lathi charges have you applauding. This is a polished, restrained Priyanka, who barely smiles but conveys the ethics and empathy of the law.\" She commended Rahul Bhat's cameo and the dynamics between BN and Dablu but was disappointed with Manav Kaul's performance in particular.", "She particularly praised Chopra's performance and wrote: \"Priyanka Chopra transforms into 12 new skins with astonishing distinction, voice and spirit. The actress reinvents herself into this unique individual every single time ranging from batty, bashful and boisterous. This is simply her show.\" Sonia Chopra of Sify also gave a mixed review, noting that the film could have been hugely entertaining but was affected by \"a repetitive layout and agonising length\". She believed that the film was watchable because of Priyanka Chopra's \"consistently stellar act\"; she carried the film ably on her shoulders and gave \"a fun and uninhibited performance.\" Namrata Joshi of \"Outlook\" gave the film 2 stars out of 4. She thought that Chopra played her characters \"competently, confidently but a bit unevenly\" and wrote: \"The one trump card for the film is the new queen bee Priyanka Chopra. The film is out-and-out a Priyanka show as she hogs screen time and audience attention with her 12 roles.\" Shubhra Gupra of \"The Indian Express\" was particularly critical of the length of the film and wrote: \"Ashutosh Gowariker's latest, which stretches close to four hours running time, starts feeling like bargain-basement from the get go. It's much too long, and, despite Priyanka's valiant efforts, just not engaging enough.\" Taran Adarsh from Bollywood Hungama gave it a negative review, criticising the writing and the length and saying that \"\"What's Your Raashee? \" has some wonderful moments and award-worthy performance[s] by Priyanka Chopra, but everything pales into insignificance when the written material is weak. \"", "Don escapes again. Roma will not appear in the third film of the series, \"Don 3\". Roma also appears in the comic books. In October 2011 a comic book based on \"Don 2\", \"Don: The Origin\", was published. The comic provides background details of Roma. Roma also appears in the PlayStation 2 game, \"\", was released in India in February 2013 as the final PAL game for PS2. The character was created by the screenwriters duo Salim-Javed. It was later developed by Farhan Akhtar for the 2011 film. with Zeenat Aman portrayed her in the 1978 film \"Don\" and is later portrayed by Priyanka Chopra in its 2006 remake and its sequel \"Don 2\" in 2011. Priyanka Chopra was cast to play Roma as Akhtar found her to be perfect for the role, saying, \"There is a docile sensuality about her which suits the character\". When he offered the role to her, she was excited to play the character and immediately agreed to do the film. The character of Roma has received good feedback from critics and audiences. Roma played by Zeenat Aman was considered as iconic. Later Priyanka Chopra was also praised for her role. Raja Sen of Rediff.com was impressed by Priyanka Chopra's performance, calling it \"film's biggest surprise\", and wrote, \"Stepping into Zeenat Aman's shoes is a tough task, but she doesn't really waste time pretending to be the stunner's successor. Chopra handles her role with efficiency, looking every bit the competent woman of actionand a ravishing babe who fills out a skintight white jumpsuit deliciously. Roma is a hard part to play, but Priyanka has a no-nonsense air about her throughout the film.", "Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role (previously known as the Apsara Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role) is given by the producers of the film and television guild as part of its annual award ceremony for Hindi films, to recognise a female actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role. Following its inception in 2004, no one was awarded in 2005 and 2007. \u2020 - indicates the performance also \"won\" the Filmfare Award< br> \u2021 - indicates the performance was also \"nominated\" for the Filmfare Award Vidya Balan and Priyanka Chopra, with three wins each, have more Best Actress wins than any other actress. Followed by Deepika Padukone with two wins. Two actresses have won the award in consecutive years; in chronological order, they are Priyanka Chopra (2009-10) and Vidya Balan (2011\u201313). There has been only one tie in the history of this category. This occurred in 2011 when Anushka Sharma and Vidya Balan were both given the award. Deepika Padukone, holds the record for most nominations in the Best Actress category, with 8, followed by Priyanka Chopra (7). Deepika Padukone and Priyanka Chopra are the overall most-nominated performers in the female acting categories, with 8 nominations overall. Deepika having 8 for Best Actress, and Priyanka having 7 for Best Actress and 1 for Best Supporting Actress. Deepika Padukone also holds the record for most consecutive year nominations with 7 between 2013 and 2016, being nominated thrice in 2014 and twice in 2016."], "answer": {"text": "Chopra has participated in a number of world tours and concerts.", "answer_start": 1157}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What presenting roles has Priyanka Chopra performed on TV?", "answer": {"text": "In 2007, Chopra was on the judges' panel of the Miss India pageant.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fce931306f044505b93a1032dd9a96ff_0_q#2", "question": "What other TV appearances has she made?", "rewrite": "Other than presenting roles, what other TV appearances Priyanka Chopra made?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role (previously known as the Apsara Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role) is given by the producers of the film and television guild as part of its annual award ceremony for Hindi films, to recognise a female actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role. Following its inception in 2004, no one was awarded in 2005 and 2007. \u2020 - indicates the performance also \"won\" the Filmfare Award< br> \u2021 - indicates the performance was also \"nominated\" for the Filmfare Award Vidya Balan and Priyanka Chopra, with three wins each, have more Best Actress wins than any other actress. Followed by Deepika Padukone with two wins. Two actresses have won the award in consecutive years; in chronological order, they are Priyanka Chopra (2009-10) and Vidya Balan (2011\u201313). There has been only one tie in the history of this category. This occurred in 2011 when Anushka Sharma and Vidya Balan were both given the award. Deepika Padukone, holds the record for most nominations in the Best Actress category, with 8, followed by Priyanka Chopra (7). Deepika Padukone and Priyanka Chopra are the overall most-nominated performers in the female acting categories, with 8 nominations overall. Deepika having 8 for Best Actress, and Priyanka having 7 for Best Actress and 1 for Best Supporting Actress. Deepika Padukone also holds the record for most consecutive year nominations with 7 between 2013 and 2016, being nominated thrice in 2014 and twice in 2016.", "She particularly praised Chopra's performance and wrote: \"Priyanka Chopra transforms into 12 new skins with astonishing distinction, voice and spirit. The actress reinvents herself into this unique individual every single time ranging from batty, bashful and boisterous. This is simply her show.\" Sonia Chopra of Sify also gave a mixed review, noting that the film could have been hugely entertaining but was affected by \"a repetitive layout and agonising length\". She believed that the film was watchable because of Priyanka Chopra's \"consistently stellar act\"; she carried the film ably on her shoulders and gave \"a fun and uninhibited performance.\" Namrata Joshi of \"Outlook\" gave the film 2 stars out of 4. She thought that Chopra played her characters \"competently, confidently but a bit unevenly\" and wrote: \"The one trump card for the film is the new queen bee Priyanka Chopra. The film is out-and-out a Priyanka show as she hogs screen time and audience attention with her 12 roles.\" Shubhra Gupra of \"The Indian Express\" was particularly critical of the length of the film and wrote: \"Ashutosh Gowariker's latest, which stretches close to four hours running time, starts feeling like bargain-basement from the get go. It's much too long, and, despite Priyanka's valiant efforts, just not engaging enough.\" Taran Adarsh from Bollywood Hungama gave it a negative review, criticising the writing and the length and saying that \"\"What's Your Raashee? \" has some wonderful moments and award-worthy performance[s] by Priyanka Chopra, but everything pales into insignificance when the written material is weak. \"", "However, Basu feared that audience would see \"the Priyanka Chopra\" and not the character due to Chopra's stardom. Basu explained \"I had the fear that I would see Priyanka Chopra in the character and Jhilmil wouldn\u2019t work. This has happened in many films where known faces have harmed the character.\" Priyanka Chopra was cast to play the part but, the development was not announced as Basu wanted to workshop first and see how it goes. After three days of workshop, Basu was convinced that Chopra could play the autistic part and reflected that he was glad that he chose Chopra for the role. Later, Basu revealed that he did not approach any actress other than Chopra for the autistic part. After Chopra was cast in the film, Kaif left the project for unknown reasons. Media reported that she may have opted out of the film because Chopra had been given a stronger role. Later, media reported that Asin was approached to play the role of the narrator, replacing Kaif. However, Asin was never signed to the project. Media reported that no other actress wanted to sign for the film because according to them, the autistic part was stronger. In July 2010, \"Mumbai Mirror\" reported that Chopra was ready to play the role of narrator and leave the autistic role, so that another actress could be cast in the film; Chopra did not want the film to stall. Basu confirmed this development and said, \" It\u2019s true we\u2019ve been unable to cast the other part.\" After facing several casting problems, Basu chose to cast a completely new fresh face to play the second female role. In early December 2010, Ileana D'Cruz from south Indian films, was finalised for the second female lead, featuring as narrator and Kapoor's first love interest in the film.", "Don escapes again. Roma will not appear in the third film of the series, \"Don 3\". Roma also appears in the comic books. In October 2011 a comic book based on \"Don 2\", \"Don: The Origin\", was published. The comic provides background details of Roma. Roma also appears in the PlayStation 2 game, \"\", was released in India in February 2013 as the final PAL game for PS2. The character was created by the screenwriters duo Salim-Javed. It was later developed by Farhan Akhtar for the 2011 film. with Zeenat Aman portrayed her in the 1978 film \"Don\" and is later portrayed by Priyanka Chopra in its 2006 remake and its sequel \"Don 2\" in 2011. Priyanka Chopra was cast to play Roma as Akhtar found her to be perfect for the role, saying, \"There is a docile sensuality about her which suits the character\". When he offered the role to her, she was excited to play the character and immediately agreed to do the film. The character of Roma has received good feedback from critics and audiences. Roma played by Zeenat Aman was considered as iconic. Later Priyanka Chopra was also praised for her role. Raja Sen of Rediff.com was impressed by Priyanka Chopra's performance, calling it \"film's biggest surprise\", and wrote, \"Stepping into Zeenat Aman's shoes is a tough task, but she doesn't really waste time pretending to be the stunner's successor. Chopra handles her role with efficiency, looking every bit the competent woman of actionand a ravishing babe who fills out a skintight white jumpsuit deliciously. Roma is a hard part to play, but Priyanka has a no-nonsense air about her throughout the film.", "List of awards and nominations received by Priyanka Chopra Priyanka Chopra is an Indian actress who has received several awards and nominations including two National Film Awards, five Filmfare Awards, eight Producers Guild Film Awards, eight Screen Awards, six IIFA Awards, and two People's Choice Awards. In 2000, she participated in the Femina Miss India contest, where she finished second, winning the Femina Miss India World title. She then entered the Miss World pageant and was crowned Miss World 2000, becoming the fifth Indian to win the contest. Chopra made her Bollywood film debut with a supporting role in the 2003 spy thriller \"\", which earned her the Stardust Award for Best Supporting Actress. The same year, her performance in the romantic musical \"Andaaz\" won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut and a nomination for Best Supporting Actress at the same ceremony. For her portrayal of a seductress in the romantic thriller \"Aitraaz\", Chopra won the Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role and received her second nomination for Best Supporting Actress. The same year, she was nominated for the IIFA Award for Best Actress for the romantic comedy \"Mujhse Shaadi Karogi\". Chopra starred as a troubled model in the drama \"Fashion\" (2008), for which she won many Best Actress awards in India including the National Film Award for Best Actress and the Filmfare Award in the same category. In 2010, she received several Best Actress nominations for playing a feisty Marathi woman in the caper thriller \"Kaminey\", winning her second consecutive Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role after \"Fashion\". The same year, she was nominated for the Screen Award for Best Actress for playing twelve distinct roles in the social comedy film \"What's Your Raashee?\"."], "answer": {"text": "In 2010, she hosted the third season of the reality show Fear Factor:", "answer_start": 432}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What presenting roles has Priyanka Chopra performed on TV?", "answer": {"text": "In 2007, Chopra was on the judges' panel of the Miss India pageant.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What stage performances has she done?", "answer": {"text": "Chopra has participated in a number of world tours and concerts.", "answer_start": 1157, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fce931306f044505b93a1032dd9a96ff_0_q#3", "question": "Was the show a success?", "rewrite": "Was the Fear Factor reality show successful when Priyanka Chopra was the host?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["She particularly praised Chopra's performance and wrote: \"Priyanka Chopra transforms into 12 new skins with astonishing distinction, voice and spirit. The actress reinvents herself into this unique individual every single time ranging from batty, bashful and boisterous. This is simply her show.\" Sonia Chopra of Sify also gave a mixed review, noting that the film could have been hugely entertaining but was affected by \"a repetitive layout and agonising length\". She believed that the film was watchable because of Priyanka Chopra's \"consistently stellar act\"; she carried the film ably on her shoulders and gave \"a fun and uninhibited performance.\" Namrata Joshi of \"Outlook\" gave the film 2 stars out of 4. She thought that Chopra played her characters \"competently, confidently but a bit unevenly\" and wrote: \"The one trump card for the film is the new queen bee Priyanka Chopra. The film is out-and-out a Priyanka show as she hogs screen time and audience attention with her 12 roles.\" Shubhra Gupra of \"The Indian Express\" was particularly critical of the length of the film and wrote: \"Ashutosh Gowariker's latest, which stretches close to four hours running time, starts feeling like bargain-basement from the get go. It's much too long, and, despite Priyanka's valiant efforts, just not engaging enough.\" Taran Adarsh from Bollywood Hungama gave it a negative review, criticising the writing and the length and saying that \"\"What's Your Raashee? \" has some wonderful moments and award-worthy performance[s] by Priyanka Chopra, but everything pales into insignificance when the written material is weak. \"", "Fear Factor Malaysia Fear Factor Malaysia is the Malaysian adaptation of the American TV show \"Fear Factor\". The original network to carry this format originally is NTV7 on 27 August 2005. The series was first launched as Fear Factor Malaysia on NTV7 in 2005. However, the channel discontinued the series after 7 years. The series was relaunched as Fear Factor Selebriti Malaysia on 29 December 2012. The first season of \"Fear Factor Malaysia\" was hosted by Shamser Sidhu in 2005. After it was relaunched in 2012, \"Fear Factor Celebrity Malaysia\" was hosted by actor Aaron Aziz. The first season was launced in 2005 featuring host Shamser Sidhu. The show was filmed in the capital city of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. Six contestants was chosen for the first season to compete for the prize of RM10,000. Six contestants were chosen. Note that the ages displayed were taken during the show's taping in 2005. The Fear Factor Malaysia is back for the second time after six years of disappearance. The \"Fear Factor Selebriti Malaysia\" was hosted by actor, Aaron Aziz. The \"Fear Factor Selebriti Malaysia\" was won by team Dazrin & Hairul. The name Fear Factor Malaysia was changed to \"Fear Factor Selebriti Malaysia\" which features 30 celebrities from different occupation and was later paired into a team of two which later make 15 teams. The winner of \"Fear Factor Selebriti Malaysia\" will receive a cash prize of RM200,000. An additional RM10,000 will be given each week to the best overall performer of the week. The second season was filmed in Cape Town, South Africa. The 15 teams will be facing 25 challenges during the whole season. The weakest team will be sent home. The contestants consisted of celebrities.", "Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi is an Indian stunt/dare reality game show, based on the American program \"Fear Factor\". The series was first launched as \"Fear Factor India\" on Sony TV in 2006 by the programming team of Tarun Katial and Anupama Mandloi where it received a great response from the viewers; however, the channel discontinued the series after one season. The channel gave its rights to Colors TV and the series was relaunched as \"Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi\" on 21 July 2008. Khatron ke Khiladi Season 10 will air on January 2019 The first two seasons were hosted by Akshay Kumar. He was replaced by Priyanka Chopra in the third season due to scheduling conflicts, but Kumar again hosted the fourth season. For the fifth and sixth seasons, Rohit Shetty replaced Kumar. Arjun Kapoor was chosen to be the host for the seventh season. Shetty came back to host the eighth and ninth season of the show. Shetty has hosted four seasons of the show till now. Khatron Ke Khiladi 1 was hosted by Akshay Kumar. Nethra Raghuraman was declared the winner of the season. Khatron Ke Khiladi 2 was hosted by Akshay Kumar. Anushka Manchanda was declared the winner of the season. Khatron Ke Khiladi 3 was hosted by Priyanka Chopra. Shabbir Ahluwalia was declared the winner of the season. Khatron Ke Khiladi 4 was hosted by Akshay Kumar. Aarti Chhabria was declared the winner of the season. Khatron Ke Khiladi 5 was hosted by Rohit Shetty. Rajneesh Duggal was declared the winner of the season.", "But the best is this martial art sequence where Akshay does a full split and kills Dang. Sabse Bada Khiladi Akshay converted this airbase into his action playground during the climax of Sabse Bada Khiladi. Towards the end of the film, which involves car chases and fight scenes, Kumar performs various other stunts. During the finale, he is seen being chased by a car, dodging bullets, jumping off buildings, and climbing wall. Akshay performed a dangerous stunt where he jumped from a balcony of a bungalow of about 45 feet without any cables, wires or body-doubles. The only thing to soften his jump were some mattresses and card-boxes. The action sequences of the film have been provided by Jal Singh Nijjar. He showed his daredevil nature by ditching the safety measures and expertly diving onto the surrounding boxes and mattresses placed below. Risky yet spontaneous Akshay said his experience was 'Thrilling with lots of fun'. Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi is an Indian stunt/dare reality game show based on Fear Factor. The series was first launched as Fear Factor India on Sony TV in 2006; however, the channel discontinued the series after one season. The channel gave up its rights to Colors and the series was relaunched as Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi on 21 July 2008. Each season of the show has been hosted by popular Bollywood stars. The first two seasons were hosted by Akshay Kumar. He was replaced by former Miss World and actress Priyanka Chopra in the third season due to scheduling conflicts. However, Akshay Kumar was roped in again for the fourth season. For season 5, film director Rohit Shetty replaced Akshay Kumar as his wife Twinkle's delivery was due around the same time.", "However, Basu feared that audience would see \"the Priyanka Chopra\" and not the character due to Chopra's stardom. Basu explained \"I had the fear that I would see Priyanka Chopra in the character and Jhilmil wouldn\u2019t work. This has happened in many films where known faces have harmed the character.\" Priyanka Chopra was cast to play the part but, the development was not announced as Basu wanted to workshop first and see how it goes. After three days of workshop, Basu was convinced that Chopra could play the autistic part and reflected that he was glad that he chose Chopra for the role. Later, Basu revealed that he did not approach any actress other than Chopra for the autistic part. After Chopra was cast in the film, Kaif left the project for unknown reasons. Media reported that she may have opted out of the film because Chopra had been given a stronger role. Later, media reported that Asin was approached to play the role of the narrator, replacing Kaif. However, Asin was never signed to the project. Media reported that no other actress wanted to sign for the film because according to them, the autistic part was stronger. In July 2010, \"Mumbai Mirror\" reported that Chopra was ready to play the role of narrator and leave the autistic role, so that another actress could be cast in the film; Chopra did not want the film to stall. Basu confirmed this development and said, \" It\u2019s true we\u2019ve been unable to cast the other part.\" After facing several casting problems, Basu chose to cast a completely new fresh face to play the second female role. In early December 2010, Ileana D'Cruz from south Indian films, was finalised for the second female lead, featuring as narrator and Kapoor's first love interest in the film."], "answer": {"text": "Chopra had \"transformed into quite a whip-wielding dictator", "answer_start": 638}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What presenting roles has Priyanka Chopra performed on TV?", "answer": {"text": "In 2007, Chopra was on the judges' panel of the Miss India pageant.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What stage performances has she done?", "answer": {"text": "Chopra has participated in a number of world tours and concerts.", "answer_start": 1157, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other TV appearances has she made?", "answer": {"text": "In 2010, she hosted the third season of the reality show Fear Factor:", "answer_start": 432, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fce931306f044505b93a1032dd9a96ff_0_q#4", "question": "What did she do after?", "rewrite": "After Fear Factor was over, did Priyanka Chopra have anymore jobs?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Don escapes again. Roma will not appear in the third film of the series, \"Don 3\". Roma also appears in the comic books. In October 2011 a comic book based on \"Don 2\", \"Don: The Origin\", was published. The comic provides background details of Roma. Roma also appears in the PlayStation 2 game, \"\", was released in India in February 2013 as the final PAL game for PS2. The character was created by the screenwriters duo Salim-Javed. It was later developed by Farhan Akhtar for the 2011 film. with Zeenat Aman portrayed her in the 1978 film \"Don\" and is later portrayed by Priyanka Chopra in its 2006 remake and its sequel \"Don 2\" in 2011. Priyanka Chopra was cast to play Roma as Akhtar found her to be perfect for the role, saying, \"There is a docile sensuality about her which suits the character\". When he offered the role to her, she was excited to play the character and immediately agreed to do the film. The character of Roma has received good feedback from critics and audiences. Roma played by Zeenat Aman was considered as iconic. Later Priyanka Chopra was also praised for her role. Raja Sen of Rediff.com was impressed by Priyanka Chopra's performance, calling it \"film's biggest surprise\", and wrote, \"Stepping into Zeenat Aman's shoes is a tough task, but she doesn't really waste time pretending to be the stunner's successor. Chopra handles her role with efficiency, looking every bit the competent woman of actionand a ravishing babe who fills out a skintight white jumpsuit deliciously. Roma is a hard part to play, but Priyanka has a no-nonsense air about her throughout the film.", "Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi is an Indian stunt/dare reality game show, based on the American program \"Fear Factor\". The series was first launched as \"Fear Factor India\" on Sony TV in 2006 by the programming team of Tarun Katial and Anupama Mandloi where it received a great response from the viewers; however, the channel discontinued the series after one season. The channel gave its rights to Colors TV and the series was relaunched as \"Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi\" on 21 July 2008. Khatron ke Khiladi Season 10 will air on January 2019 The first two seasons were hosted by Akshay Kumar. He was replaced by Priyanka Chopra in the third season due to scheduling conflicts, but Kumar again hosted the fourth season. For the fifth and sixth seasons, Rohit Shetty replaced Kumar. Arjun Kapoor was chosen to be the host for the seventh season. Shetty came back to host the eighth and ninth season of the show. Shetty has hosted four seasons of the show till now. Khatron Ke Khiladi 1 was hosted by Akshay Kumar. Nethra Raghuraman was declared the winner of the season. Khatron Ke Khiladi 2 was hosted by Akshay Kumar. Anushka Manchanda was declared the winner of the season. Khatron Ke Khiladi 3 was hosted by Priyanka Chopra. Shabbir Ahluwalia was declared the winner of the season. Khatron Ke Khiladi 4 was hosted by Akshay Kumar. Aarti Chhabria was declared the winner of the season. Khatron Ke Khiladi 5 was hosted by Rohit Shetty. Rajneesh Duggal was declared the winner of the season.", "She particularly praised Chopra's performance and wrote: \"Priyanka Chopra transforms into 12 new skins with astonishing distinction, voice and spirit. The actress reinvents herself into this unique individual every single time ranging from batty, bashful and boisterous. This is simply her show.\" Sonia Chopra of Sify also gave a mixed review, noting that the film could have been hugely entertaining but was affected by \"a repetitive layout and agonising length\". She believed that the film was watchable because of Priyanka Chopra's \"consistently stellar act\"; she carried the film ably on her shoulders and gave \"a fun and uninhibited performance.\" Namrata Joshi of \"Outlook\" gave the film 2 stars out of 4. She thought that Chopra played her characters \"competently, confidently but a bit unevenly\" and wrote: \"The one trump card for the film is the new queen bee Priyanka Chopra. The film is out-and-out a Priyanka show as she hogs screen time and audience attention with her 12 roles.\" Shubhra Gupra of \"The Indian Express\" was particularly critical of the length of the film and wrote: \"Ashutosh Gowariker's latest, which stretches close to four hours running time, starts feeling like bargain-basement from the get go. It's much too long, and, despite Priyanka's valiant efforts, just not engaging enough.\" Taran Adarsh from Bollywood Hungama gave it a negative review, criticising the writing and the length and saying that \"\"What's Your Raashee? \" has some wonderful moments and award-worthy performance[s] by Priyanka Chopra, but everything pales into insignificance when the written material is weak. \"", "But the best is this martial art sequence where Akshay does a full split and kills Dang. Sabse Bada Khiladi Akshay converted this airbase into his action playground during the climax of Sabse Bada Khiladi. Towards the end of the film, which involves car chases and fight scenes, Kumar performs various other stunts. During the finale, he is seen being chased by a car, dodging bullets, jumping off buildings, and climbing wall. Akshay performed a dangerous stunt where he jumped from a balcony of a bungalow of about 45 feet without any cables, wires or body-doubles. The only thing to soften his jump were some mattresses and card-boxes. The action sequences of the film have been provided by Jal Singh Nijjar. He showed his daredevil nature by ditching the safety measures and expertly diving onto the surrounding boxes and mattresses placed below. Risky yet spontaneous Akshay said his experience was 'Thrilling with lots of fun'. Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi is an Indian stunt/dare reality game show based on Fear Factor. The series was first launched as Fear Factor India on Sony TV in 2006; however, the channel discontinued the series after one season. The channel gave up its rights to Colors and the series was relaunched as Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi on 21 July 2008. Each season of the show has been hosted by popular Bollywood stars. The first two seasons were hosted by Akshay Kumar. He was replaced by former Miss World and actress Priyanka Chopra in the third season due to scheduling conflicts. However, Akshay Kumar was roped in again for the fourth season. For season 5, film director Rohit Shetty replaced Akshay Kumar as his wife Twinkle's delivery was due around the same time.", "However, Basu feared that audience would see \"the Priyanka Chopra\" and not the character due to Chopra's stardom. Basu explained \"I had the fear that I would see Priyanka Chopra in the character and Jhilmil wouldn\u2019t work. This has happened in many films where known faces have harmed the character.\" Priyanka Chopra was cast to play the part but, the development was not announced as Basu wanted to workshop first and see how it goes. After three days of workshop, Basu was convinced that Chopra could play the autistic part and reflected that he was glad that he chose Chopra for the role. Later, Basu revealed that he did not approach any actress other than Chopra for the autistic part. After Chopra was cast in the film, Kaif left the project for unknown reasons. Media reported that she may have opted out of the film because Chopra had been given a stronger role. Later, media reported that Asin was approached to play the role of the narrator, replacing Kaif. However, Asin was never signed to the project. Media reported that no other actress wanted to sign for the film because according to them, the autistic part was stronger. In July 2010, \"Mumbai Mirror\" reported that Chopra was ready to play the role of narrator and leave the autistic role, so that another actress could be cast in the film; Chopra did not want the film to stall. Basu confirmed this development and said, \" It\u2019s true we\u2019ve been unable to cast the other part.\" After facing several casting problems, Basu chose to cast a completely new fresh face to play the second female role. In early December 2010, Ileana D'Cruz from south Indian films, was finalised for the second female lead, featuring as narrator and Kapoor's first love interest in the film."], "answer": {"text": "She took part in a world concert tour,", "answer_start": 1222}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What presenting roles has Priyanka Chopra performed on TV?", "answer": {"text": "In 2007, Chopra was on the judges' panel of the Miss India pageant.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What stage performances has she done?", "answer": {"text": "Chopra has participated in a number of world tours and concerts.", "answer_start": 1157, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other TV appearances has she made?", "answer": {"text": "In 2010, she hosted the third season of the reality show Fear Factor:", "answer_start": 432, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the show a success?", "answer": {"text": "Chopra had \"transformed into quite a whip-wielding dictator", "answer_start": 638, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fce931306f044505b93a1032dd9a96ff_0_q#5", "question": "what was the concert tour?", "rewrite": "Did Priyanka Chopra participate in any concert tours?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["She particularly praised Chopra's performance and wrote: \"Priyanka Chopra transforms into 12 new skins with astonishing distinction, voice and spirit. The actress reinvents herself into this unique individual every single time ranging from batty, bashful and boisterous. This is simply her show.\" Sonia Chopra of Sify also gave a mixed review, noting that the film could have been hugely entertaining but was affected by \"a repetitive layout and agonising length\". She believed that the film was watchable because of Priyanka Chopra's \"consistently stellar act\"; she carried the film ably on her shoulders and gave \"a fun and uninhibited performance.\" Namrata Joshi of \"Outlook\" gave the film 2 stars out of 4. She thought that Chopra played her characters \"competently, confidently but a bit unevenly\" and wrote: \"The one trump card for the film is the new queen bee Priyanka Chopra. The film is out-and-out a Priyanka show as she hogs screen time and audience attention with her 12 roles.\" Shubhra Gupra of \"The Indian Express\" was particularly critical of the length of the film and wrote: \"Ashutosh Gowariker's latest, which stretches close to four hours running time, starts feeling like bargain-basement from the get go. It's much too long, and, despite Priyanka's valiant efforts, just not engaging enough.\" Taran Adarsh from Bollywood Hungama gave it a negative review, criticising the writing and the length and saying that \"\"What's Your Raashee? \" has some wonderful moments and award-worthy performance[s] by Priyanka Chopra, but everything pales into insignificance when the written material is weak. \"", "However, Basu feared that audience would see \"the Priyanka Chopra\" and not the character due to Chopra's stardom. Basu explained \"I had the fear that I would see Priyanka Chopra in the character and Jhilmil wouldn\u2019t work. This has happened in many films where known faces have harmed the character.\" Priyanka Chopra was cast to play the part but, the development was not announced as Basu wanted to workshop first and see how it goes. After three days of workshop, Basu was convinced that Chopra could play the autistic part and reflected that he was glad that he chose Chopra for the role. Later, Basu revealed that he did not approach any actress other than Chopra for the autistic part. After Chopra was cast in the film, Kaif left the project for unknown reasons. Media reported that she may have opted out of the film because Chopra had been given a stronger role. Later, media reported that Asin was approached to play the role of the narrator, replacing Kaif. However, Asin was never signed to the project. Media reported that no other actress wanted to sign for the film because according to them, the autistic part was stronger. In July 2010, \"Mumbai Mirror\" reported that Chopra was ready to play the role of narrator and leave the autistic role, so that another actress could be cast in the film; Chopra did not want the film to stall. Basu confirmed this development and said, \" It\u2019s true we\u2019ve been unable to cast the other part.\" After facing several casting problems, Basu chose to cast a completely new fresh face to play the second female role. In early December 2010, Ileana D'Cruz from south Indian films, was finalised for the second female lead, featuring as narrator and Kapoor's first love interest in the film.", "Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role (previously known as the Apsara Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role) is given by the producers of the film and television guild as part of its annual award ceremony for Hindi films, to recognise a female actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role. Following its inception in 2004, no one was awarded in 2005 and 2007. \u2020 - indicates the performance also \"won\" the Filmfare Award< br> \u2021 - indicates the performance was also \"nominated\" for the Filmfare Award Vidya Balan and Priyanka Chopra, with three wins each, have more Best Actress wins than any other actress. Followed by Deepika Padukone with two wins. Two actresses have won the award in consecutive years; in chronological order, they are Priyanka Chopra (2009-10) and Vidya Balan (2011\u201313). There has been only one tie in the history of this category. This occurred in 2011 when Anushka Sharma and Vidya Balan were both given the award. Deepika Padukone, holds the record for most nominations in the Best Actress category, with 8, followed by Priyanka Chopra (7). Deepika Padukone and Priyanka Chopra are the overall most-nominated performers in the female acting categories, with 8 nominations overall. Deepika having 8 for Best Actress, and Priyanka having 7 for Best Actress and 1 for Best Supporting Actress. Deepika Padukone also holds the record for most consecutive year nominations with 7 between 2013 and 2016, being nominated thrice in 2014 and twice in 2016.", "Don escapes again. Roma will not appear in the third film of the series, \"Don 3\". Roma also appears in the comic books. In October 2011 a comic book based on \"Don 2\", \"Don: The Origin\", was published. The comic provides background details of Roma. Roma also appears in the PlayStation 2 game, \"\", was released in India in February 2013 as the final PAL game for PS2. The character was created by the screenwriters duo Salim-Javed. It was later developed by Farhan Akhtar for the 2011 film. with Zeenat Aman portrayed her in the 1978 film \"Don\" and is later portrayed by Priyanka Chopra in its 2006 remake and its sequel \"Don 2\" in 2011. Priyanka Chopra was cast to play Roma as Akhtar found her to be perfect for the role, saying, \"There is a docile sensuality about her which suits the character\". When he offered the role to her, she was excited to play the character and immediately agreed to do the film. The character of Roma has received good feedback from critics and audiences. Roma played by Zeenat Aman was considered as iconic. Later Priyanka Chopra was also praised for her role. Raja Sen of Rediff.com was impressed by Priyanka Chopra's performance, calling it \"film's biggest surprise\", and wrote, \"Stepping into Zeenat Aman's shoes is a tough task, but she doesn't really waste time pretending to be the stunner's successor. Chopra handles her role with efficiency, looking every bit the competent woman of actionand a ravishing babe who fills out a skintight white jumpsuit deliciously. Roma is a hard part to play, but Priyanka has a no-nonsense air about her throughout the film.", "Music for this film is given by Salim\u2013Sulaiman, while the lyrics have been penned by Manoj Muntashir. Prakash Jha has written additional lyrics for the song \"Najar Tori Raja\". Jai Gangaajal got mixed reviews from the critics. Bollywood Hungama gave 3 stars out of 5, mentioning the screenplay engaging, cinematography decent, editing praiseworthy, dialogues excellent. As for the performances, Priyanka Chopra delivers a superlative performance, be it her perfect and impeccable timing or her intimidating screen persona and presence but Prakash Jha pushes himself a bit too hard to get the nuances and the finer points of his character. Rajeev Masand gave the film 2.5 stars out of 5, mentioning it as a predictable police drama filled with the usual stereotypes but added that Priyanka Chopra and Prakash Jha's performances engaging. Srijana Mitra Das from The Times of India gave the film 3.5 stars. She praised the dialogues, editing and story, writing,\"It weaves together crucial contemporary threads \u2013 land mafias, corrupt netas, broker-cops, broken farmers-with Jha's enduring concern about vigilante justice.\" She applauded Priyanka Chopra's performance, writing, \"Priyanka Chopra shines as ' Madam Sir' Abha Mathur, whose lightning slaps and lathi charges have you applauding. This is a polished, restrained Priyanka, who barely smiles but conveys the ethics and empathy of the law.\" She commended Rahul Bhat's cameo and the dynamics between BN and Dablu but was disappointed with Manav Kaul's performance in particular."], "answer": {"text": "Temptations 2004\", and performed with other Bollywood actors (", "answer_start": 1262}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What presenting roles has Priyanka Chopra performed on TV?", "answer": {"text": "In 2007, Chopra was on the judges' panel of the Miss India pageant.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What stage performances has she done?", "answer": {"text": "Chopra has participated in a number of world tours and concerts.", "answer_start": 1157, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other TV appearances has she made?", "answer": {"text": "In 2010, she hosted the third season of the reality show Fear Factor:", "answer_start": 432, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the show a success?", "answer": {"text": "Chopra had \"transformed into quite a whip-wielding dictator", "answer_start": 638, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do after?", "answer": {"text": "She took part in a world concert tour,", "answer_start": 1222, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fce931306f044505b93a1032dd9a96ff_0_q#6", "question": "What other actors were on tour?", "rewrite": "Besides Priyanka Chopra, what other actors were on tour?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["She particularly praised Chopra's performance and wrote: \"Priyanka Chopra transforms into 12 new skins with astonishing distinction, voice and spirit. The actress reinvents herself into this unique individual every single time ranging from batty, bashful and boisterous. This is simply her show.\" Sonia Chopra of Sify also gave a mixed review, noting that the film could have been hugely entertaining but was affected by \"a repetitive layout and agonising length\". She believed that the film was watchable because of Priyanka Chopra's \"consistently stellar act\"; she carried the film ably on her shoulders and gave \"a fun and uninhibited performance.\" Namrata Joshi of \"Outlook\" gave the film 2 stars out of 4. She thought that Chopra played her characters \"competently, confidently but a bit unevenly\" and wrote: \"The one trump card for the film is the new queen bee Priyanka Chopra. The film is out-and-out a Priyanka show as she hogs screen time and audience attention with her 12 roles.\" Shubhra Gupra of \"The Indian Express\" was particularly critical of the length of the film and wrote: \"Ashutosh Gowariker's latest, which stretches close to four hours running time, starts feeling like bargain-basement from the get go. It's much too long, and, despite Priyanka's valiant efforts, just not engaging enough.\" Taran Adarsh from Bollywood Hungama gave it a negative review, criticising the writing and the length and saying that \"\"What's Your Raashee? \" has some wonderful moments and award-worthy performance[s] by Priyanka Chopra, but everything pales into insignificance when the written material is weak. \"", "Music for this film is given by Salim\u2013Sulaiman, while the lyrics have been penned by Manoj Muntashir. Prakash Jha has written additional lyrics for the song \"Najar Tori Raja\". Jai Gangaajal got mixed reviews from the critics. Bollywood Hungama gave 3 stars out of 5, mentioning the screenplay engaging, cinematography decent, editing praiseworthy, dialogues excellent. As for the performances, Priyanka Chopra delivers a superlative performance, be it her perfect and impeccable timing or her intimidating screen persona and presence but Prakash Jha pushes himself a bit too hard to get the nuances and the finer points of his character. Rajeev Masand gave the film 2.5 stars out of 5, mentioning it as a predictable police drama filled with the usual stereotypes but added that Priyanka Chopra and Prakash Jha's performances engaging. Srijana Mitra Das from The Times of India gave the film 3.5 stars. She praised the dialogues, editing and story, writing,\"It weaves together crucial contemporary threads \u2013 land mafias, corrupt netas, broker-cops, broken farmers-with Jha's enduring concern about vigilante justice.\" She applauded Priyanka Chopra's performance, writing, \"Priyanka Chopra shines as ' Madam Sir' Abha Mathur, whose lightning slaps and lathi charges have you applauding. This is a polished, restrained Priyanka, who barely smiles but conveys the ethics and empathy of the law.\" She commended Rahul Bhat's cameo and the dynamics between BN and Dablu but was disappointed with Manav Kaul's performance in particular.", "Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role (previously known as the Apsara Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role) is given by the producers of the film and television guild as part of its annual award ceremony for Hindi films, to recognise a female actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role. Following its inception in 2004, no one was awarded in 2005 and 2007. \u2020 - indicates the performance also \"won\" the Filmfare Award< br> \u2021 - indicates the performance was also \"nominated\" for the Filmfare Award Vidya Balan and Priyanka Chopra, with three wins each, have more Best Actress wins than any other actress. Followed by Deepika Padukone with two wins. Two actresses have won the award in consecutive years; in chronological order, they are Priyanka Chopra (2009-10) and Vidya Balan (2011\u201313). There has been only one tie in the history of this category. This occurred in 2011 when Anushka Sharma and Vidya Balan were both given the award. Deepika Padukone, holds the record for most nominations in the Best Actress category, with 8, followed by Priyanka Chopra (7). Deepika Padukone and Priyanka Chopra are the overall most-nominated performers in the female acting categories, with 8 nominations overall. Deepika having 8 for Best Actress, and Priyanka having 7 for Best Actress and 1 for Best Supporting Actress. Deepika Padukone also holds the record for most consecutive year nominations with 7 between 2013 and 2016, being nominated thrice in 2014 and twice in 2016.", "Don escapes again. Roma will not appear in the third film of the series, \"Don 3\". Roma also appears in the comic books. In October 2011 a comic book based on \"Don 2\", \"Don: The Origin\", was published. The comic provides background details of Roma. Roma also appears in the PlayStation 2 game, \"\", was released in India in February 2013 as the final PAL game for PS2. The character was created by the screenwriters duo Salim-Javed. It was later developed by Farhan Akhtar for the 2011 film. with Zeenat Aman portrayed her in the 1978 film \"Don\" and is later portrayed by Priyanka Chopra in its 2006 remake and its sequel \"Don 2\" in 2011. Priyanka Chopra was cast to play Roma as Akhtar found her to be perfect for the role, saying, \"There is a docile sensuality about her which suits the character\". When he offered the role to her, she was excited to play the character and immediately agreed to do the film. The character of Roma has received good feedback from critics and audiences. Roma played by Zeenat Aman was considered as iconic. Later Priyanka Chopra was also praised for her role. Raja Sen of Rediff.com was impressed by Priyanka Chopra's performance, calling it \"film's biggest surprise\", and wrote, \"Stepping into Zeenat Aman's shoes is a tough task, but she doesn't really waste time pretending to be the stunner's successor. Chopra handles her role with efficiency, looking every bit the competent woman of actionand a ravishing babe who fills out a skintight white jumpsuit deliciously. Roma is a hard part to play, but Priyanka has a no-nonsense air about her throughout the film.", "However, Basu feared that audience would see \"the Priyanka Chopra\" and not the character due to Chopra's stardom. Basu explained \"I had the fear that I would see Priyanka Chopra in the character and Jhilmil wouldn\u2019t work. This has happened in many films where known faces have harmed the character.\" Priyanka Chopra was cast to play the part but, the development was not announced as Basu wanted to workshop first and see how it goes. After three days of workshop, Basu was convinced that Chopra could play the autistic part and reflected that he was glad that he chose Chopra for the role. Later, Basu revealed that he did not approach any actress other than Chopra for the autistic part. After Chopra was cast in the film, Kaif left the project for unknown reasons. Media reported that she may have opted out of the film because Chopra had been given a stronger role. Later, media reported that Asin was approached to play the role of the narrator, replacing Kaif. However, Asin was never signed to the project. Media reported that no other actress wanted to sign for the film because according to them, the autistic part was stronger. In July 2010, \"Mumbai Mirror\" reported that Chopra was ready to play the role of narrator and leave the autistic role, so that another actress could be cast in the film; Chopra did not want the film to stall. Basu confirmed this development and said, \" It\u2019s true we\u2019ve been unable to cast the other part.\" After facing several casting problems, Basu chose to cast a completely new fresh face to play the second female role. In early December 2010, Ileana D'Cruz from south Indian films, was finalised for the second female lead, featuring as narrator and Kapoor's first love interest in the film."], "answer": {"text": "Shah Rukh Khan, Saif Ali Khan, Rani Mukerji, Preity Zinta and Arjun Rampal", "answer_start": 1334}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What presenting roles has Priyanka Chopra performed on TV?", "answer": {"text": "In 2007, Chopra was on the judges' panel of the Miss India pageant.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What stage performances has she done?", "answer": {"text": "Chopra has participated in a number of world tours and concerts.", "answer_start": 1157, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other TV appearances has she made?", "answer": {"text": "In 2010, she hosted the third season of the reality show Fear Factor:", "answer_start": 432, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the show a success?", "answer": {"text": "Chopra had \"transformed into quite a whip-wielding dictator", "answer_start": 638, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do after?", "answer": {"text": "She took part in a world concert tour,", "answer_start": 1222, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the concert tour?", "answer": {"text": "Temptations 2004\", and performed with other Bollywood actors (", "answer_start": 1262, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fce931306f044505b93a1032dd9a96ff_0_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Aside from touring, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Out of this combination, and with the Cole brothers' focus on original songwriting came 'Quill', which was then signed as a group to Amphion Management. The band spent 1967, 1968 and 1969 regularly playing rock venues in Boston, Providence, and New York, as well as many other smaller markets around the Northeast. Though Quill rarely played outside of their region, the show made it as far west as Aspen, Colorado. Though most often headlining in smaller clubs, where Quill gained a very loyal following, the group also played in a number of much larger venues, opening for such international acts as The Jeff Beck Group, The Who, The Kinks, Deep Purple, Buddy Guy, Blue Cheer, Sly and the Family Stone, Grateful Dead, and Janis Joplin. It even opened for comedian Steve Martin in one of the interesting pairings in Quill lore. In addition. Quill was featured on several local TV shows in Boston and the Midwest, and was highlighted by the music press on numerous occasions for its originality and creativity. An early summer '69 appearance at Steve Paul's Scene in New York City resulted in Quill being invited to play at the Woodstock Festival. That night at the club also featured the first introduction of Johnny Winter to the NYC record industry crowd. The night ended finding Jimi Hendrix and Stephen Stills joining Johnny and members of Quill for a late jam. Aside from the basic roles of each member of the band, one of the interesting aspects of the band was its ability to mount a variety of instrumental and vocal configurations to play specific songs. Considered by many to be among the best technical and most creative rock drummers of that era, Roger North anchored the band on the drums and percussion. The other members of the band would often switch instruments to create different sounds and effects.", "VideoGamer.com's Wesley Yin-Poole called his relationship with Lightning and Hope, and the way he coped with Serah's fate, one of the most interesting aspects of the original game. Aside from his appearance in the \"XIII\" games, the character was featured in the rhythm game \"Theatrhythm Final Fantasy\" as a subcharacter representing \"Final Fantasy XIII\", and his outfit from that game was featured as an optional character costume in \"\" along with Lightning's Guardian Corps uniform. Snow is voiced by Troy Baker in English and by Daisuke Ono in Japanese. is a 14-year-old boy who is an exile at the start of \"Final Fantasy XIII\". At the beginning of the game, Hope and his mother Nora, on vacation in the town of Bodhum, are selected for the Purge. Under Snow's leadership, Nora joins the resistance in the Hanging Edge, but falls to her death during the battle while trying to protect Hope and after saving Snow's life, which angers Hope greatly. After he becomes a l'Cie, and being separated from the main party, Hope follows Lightning to \"toughen up\" while plotting his assassination attempt on Snow for revenge. Despite Lightning's objections, Hope tries to kill Snow once he gets him alone, but after coming to the realization that he had just been blaming Snow to cope with his mother's death, they settle their differences. When Hope returns home to his father, Bartholomew, he tells him what happened to Nora and repairs their relationship. When on Gran Pulse, he tells the others to leave him, afraid they will get hurt because of him, but inadvertently summons his Eidolon Alexander.", "that manifested the ideals of the Brazilian Black Movement. Their purpose was to unite the Afro-Brazilians affected by the oppressive government and politically organize so that there could be lasting change among their community. Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea's success has continued ever since and their numbers have grown into the thousands. Even today, the black only bloco continues to exclude others because of their skin color. They do this by advertising exclusive parties and benefits for members, as well as physically shunning and pushing you away if you try to include yourself. Though the media has called it \u2018racist\u2019, to a large degree the black-only \"bloco\" has become one of the most interesting aspects of Salvador's Carnaval and is continuously accepted as a way of life. Combined with the influence of Olodum in Salvador, musical protest and representation as a product of slavery and black consciousness has slowly grown into a more powerful force. Musical representation of problems and issues have long been part of Brazil's history, and Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea and Olodum both produce creative ways to remain relevant and popular. Slavery as an institution in Brazil was unrivaled in all of the Americas. The sheer number of African slaves brought to Brazil and moved around South America greatly influenced the entirety of the Americas. Indigenous groups, Portuguese colonists, and African slaves all contributed to the melting pot that has created Brazil. The mixture of African religions that survived throughout slavery and Catholicism, Candombl\u00e9, has created some of the most interesting and diverse cultural aspects. In Bahia, statues of African gods called Orishas pay homage to the unique African presence in the nation's largest Afro-Brazilian state. Not only are these Orishas direct links to their past ancestry, but also reminders to the cultures the Brazilian people come from. Condombl\u00e9 and the Orishas serve as an ever-present reminder that African slaves were brought to Brazil.", "Ross Bonaime of \"Paste\" gave the episode a 6 out of 10 rating and wrote \"\"Person of Interest\" does genuinely have interesting aspects to its story. But all those take place in flashbacks, while the show wants to spend a majority of its time in the present, which to put it simply, is pretty boring. If \"Person of Interest\" can focus on the mystery of the show, the build up to the meeting of Reese and Finch and their relationship, the show could go some great places. But as for right now, \"Person of Interest\" seems content in being not that interesting.\" Morgan Jeffery of \"Digital Spy\" wrote \"Got to love the stylish \"Person of Interest\" title sequence introduced with this episode, featuring a moody voice-over from Michael Emerson. The flashbacks are a nice addition to the 'A' story this week - we get an intriguing glimpse into Finch's past and it'll be interesting to see how the story arc involving his deceased partner develops.\" Luke Gelineau of \"TV Equals\" wrote \"The second episode, in many ways, is the most important episode for shows like this. The pilot lays out the rules, introduces the characters and their motivations, and tells us what the parameters of the show will be. The second episode, 'Ghosts', is an indicator of what kind of show this is really going to be. Not every episode can be like the pilot and introduce so many new dynamics, so we now get to see what we\u2019ll be getting for the rest of the series. \" Sean McKenna of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode a 4.2 star rating out of 5 and wrote \"All in all, this episode was a solid outing that continued to establish the tone and feel for the story and its characters. It's looking to be one interesting and action packed ride.\"", "Other new depictions include St. Faustina, Cardinala Stefan Wyszynski and August Hlond and Pope John Paul II were added to reflect Saintly cults popular among today's Polish community. The parish obtained relics of St. Gianna Beretta Molla, Karolina K\u00f3zka and Padre Pio for adoration by parishioners. Casimir Sztuczko CSC, the long-time pastor of Holy Trinity who oversaw the building of the present church, wished to have an area set aside to venerate the holy relics of saints and the beatified. The result is one of the most distinctive and interesting aspects of Holy Trinity, the so-called \"catacombs\", inspired by the underground cemetery meeting places where early Christians met while the religion was still illegal in the Roman Empire. The catacombs are found beneath the area formerly occupied by the lower church, and consist of a winding path lined with niches containing saintly relics leading up to the chamber containing the grave of Christ. This was the first area of the church restored during the centennial renovation campaign, as it had become dilapidated over the years, particularly during the period when the parish was marked for liquidation. The parish obtained relics of new saints and a collection of stones from Biblical sites in the Holy Land. The 'catacombs' are open on Sundays after Masses and during the liturgical season of Lent. Relics of the following saints are found in the catacombs, a number of which are represented by more than one reliquary:"], "answer": {"text": "she performed at Dubai Festival City's Ahlan Bollywood Concert", "answer_start": 222}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What presenting roles has Priyanka Chopra performed on TV?", "answer": {"text": "In 2007, Chopra was on the judges' panel of the Miss India pageant.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What stage performances has she done?", "answer": {"text": "Chopra has participated in a number of world tours and concerts.", "answer_start": 1157, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other TV appearances has she made?", "answer": {"text": "In 2010, she hosted the third season of the reality show Fear Factor:", "answer_start": 432, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the show a success?", "answer": {"text": "Chopra had \"transformed into quite a whip-wielding dictator", "answer_start": 638, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do after?", "answer": {"text": "She took part in a world concert tour,", "answer_start": 1222, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the concert tour?", "answer": {"text": "Temptations 2004\", and performed with other Bollywood actors (", "answer_start": 1262, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other actors were on tour?", "answer": {"text": "Shah Rukh Khan, Saif Ali Khan, Rani Mukerji, Preity Zinta and Arjun Rampal", "answer_start": 1334, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3680cf6fe1674df1861b063c8ade656c_1_q#0", "question": "What did Parker do in his early career?", "rewrite": "What did Parker do in his early career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In teleost and ganoid fish, the skull and shoulder-girdle are brought into connexion by derivatives of the skin-skeleton, not by bones of the shoulder-girdle. Discoveries like this alerted Parker to the failure of the great system of transcendental anatomy which Owen had done so much to establish. In 1873, Professor Flower was invalided, and Parker was asked to step in the breach. He took his MRCS diploma by viva voce, and was appointed Professor. Afterwards, they shared the Hunterian chair jointly. There are many indications that Parker found writing difficult, and avoided it, and when forced to write the result was often scarcely comprehensible. Whatever the reason, he needed, and got, help and advice. Huxley gave him detailed advice more than once, which Parker either ignored or could not put into action. Although Parker could scarcely write a simple descriptive sentence to save his life, he certainly had a huge grasp of the imagery and poetics of the English language. This is part of one sequence quoted by his son: That is certainly not the prose of the usual science author. At least two of Parker's books were written with help: his \"Morphology of the skull\" was written from his dictation and notes by G.T. Bettany, and his 1884 lectures \"On mammalian descent\" were written with the help of a friend, Arabella Buckley, who had been Charles Lyell's secretary. Parker's avoidance of exams also points towards an avoidance of writing, especially since his early career would have been much improved by taking a higher qualification. As far as we know, it was not a lack of money which prevented him taking exams (as it was with Huxley). His father, though not wealthy, was able to give his children a start in life.", "Another aspect of changes initiated by Parker which changed the police force from one of a walking peace-force to a more militarized mobile response force was a reduction in the size of the police force in relation to the population. Parker's experience with the numerically larger force of his early career led him to judge that fewer but more professional officers would mean less corruption. Additionally, the strategy of changing the beat posture to one of mobility led to change from foot patrols to one which favored police cars. Not incidentally, this also furthered Parker's belief that isolating his officers from the streets would reduce opportunities for corruption. However, Parker recognized that certain areas of the city and certain functions of the police department needed to remain rooted in the more traditional form of police work. Although Parker reduced police corruption and cleaned up the overall image of the police, certain sections of the LAPD continued practices which lent more to an image of old semicorrupt control of vice and petty crime. The vice squad and reserve force continued to remain controversial elements of the police force. Parker also used elements of the reserve force such as the Organized Crime and Intelligence Division of the LAPD to keep tabs on suspected politicians and their mafia syndicate allies, as well as the notoriously corrupt and narcotic-ridden Hollywood movie industry system and its celebrities. The 1990 novel and 1997 film \" L.A. Confidential\" along with the 2013 film \"Gangster Squad\", provide fictional depictions of the LAPD under Parker during these years. Parker died of a heart attack on July 16, 1966, after attending a dinner where he received a commendation. Completed under Parker's tenure in 1955, the former Police Administration Building on Los Angeles Street was renamed Parker Center shortly after his death, and served as LAPD's headquarters until the new HQ was completed in 2009.", "Gervais Parker General Gervais Parker (also spelled Gervase; 1695 \u2013 19 June 1750) was a British Army officer. For the final decade of his life he served as Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Irish Army during the reign of George II. He was the elder surviving son of the Jacobite Colonel John Parker by his first wife Johanna Rouse. His younger brother, Rear-Admiral Christopher Parker, was the father of Admiral of the Fleet Sir Peter Parker, 1st Baronet. The family went into exile in France following Colonel Parker's service at the Battle of the Boyne, but Gervais escaped from his father and joined the English army. Parker was commissioned an ensign in the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards on 27 December 1690, and his early career was assisted by his Williamite relatives. He was made lieutenant in Brigadier-General William Steuart's Regiment of Foot on 1 December 1695, then lieutenant in the Royal Fusiliers on 17 May 1697, being appointed adjutant and quartermaster of the regiment on 17 November 1700. He was made lieutenant of a company again on 21 April 1701, and his commission was renewed by Queen Anne on 24 August 1702. He was promoted to captain-lieutenant on 23 December 1702, and captain of a company on 15 March 1703. During the War of the Spanish Succession he served in Flanders and Spain. On 24 December 1707 he was granted brevet rank as a colonel of Foot, and promoted to brigadier-general on 14 March 1727, major-general on 6 October 1735, lieutenant-general on 2 July 1739 and general of Foot on 25 March 1747. Parker was awarded the freedom of the city of Cork on 23 January 1726 and the same year made Governor of Kinsale, and on 22 October 1731 he was returned as Member for Kinsale in the Irish House of Commons, but he was declared not duly elected on 25 November.", "Alan Parker Sir Alan William Parker (born 14 February 1944) is an English film director, producer and screenwriter. Parker's early career, beginning in his late teens, was spent as a copywriter and director of television advertisements. After about ten years of filming adverts, many of which won awards for creativity, he began screenwriting and directing films. Parker is noted for having a wide range of filmmaking styles and working in differing genres. He has directed musicals, including \"Bugsy Malone\" (1976), \"Fame\" (1980), \"Pink Floyd \u2013 The Wall\" (1982), \"The Commitments\" (1991) and \"Evita\" (1996); true-story dramas, including \"Midnight Express\" (1978), \"Mississippi Burning\" (1988), \" Come See the Paradise\" (1990) and \"Angela's Ashes\" (1999); family dramas, including \"Shoot the Moon\" (1982), and horrors and thrillers including \"Angel Heart\" (1987) and \"The Life of David Gale\" (2003). His films have won nineteen BAFTA awards, ten Golden Globes and six Academy Awards. Parker was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire for his services to the British film industry and knighted in 2002. He has been active in both British cinema and American cinema, along with being a founding member of the Directors Guild of Great Britain and lecturing at various film schools. In 2013 he received the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award, the highest honour the British Film Academy can give a filmmaker. Parker donated his personal archive to the British Film Institute's National Archive in 2015. Parker was born into a working-class family in Islington, North London, the son of Elsie Ellen, a dressmaker, and William Leslie Parker, a house painter.", "Association of Polar Early Career Scientists The Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS) is a worldwide association of early career scientists (undergraduate and graduate students, postdocs, and early career faculty) interested in the polar regions and the cryosphere generally. Its mission is to raise the profile of polar scientists by providing a continuum of leadership that is both internationally and interdisciplinarily focused, and to stimulate collaborative projects. Several countries (Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Denmark, France, Germany, India, Italy, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, South Africa, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States) have their own APECS chapters that focus on the needs and ideas of scholars country-wise. The APECS website serves as the main contact point for APECS members and provides forums sharing news, connecting with other polar researchers, finding jobs, and announcing events relevant to polar research. APECS is an endorsed International Polar Year (IPY) project and is considered one of the major legacies of IPY. A crucial event in the formation of APECS was a meeting in Sanga Saby, Sweden, in September 2007. This meeting saw founders and members representatives of two key initiatives combine together under the name of APECS: the International Polar Year Youth Steering Committee (YSC) formed in 2005 and including several national YSC's, and a formative APECS, formed in 2006. The International Polar Year (IPY) Youth Steering Committee (YSC), was founded in 2005 by Amber Church and Tyler Kuhn (co-chairs, Canada), Melianie Raymond (New Zealand), Jenny Baeseman (USA), Hugues Lantuit (Germany), Elie Verleyen (Belgium) and Stef Bokhorst (The Netherlands)."], "answer": {"text": "In the late 1930s Parker began to practice diligently. During this period he mastered", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_3680cf6fe1674df1861b063c8ade656c_1_q#1", "question": "What did he master?", "rewrite": "What did Parker master?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lake Erie College Lake Erie College is a private liberal arts college in Painesville, Ohio. Founded in 1856 as a female seminary, the college converted to a coeducational institution in 1985. As of the 2016\u20132017 academic year, the total enrollment was 1,177 students. In addition to 63 programs of study for undergraduate students, Lake Erie offers master's programs in education and physician assistant studies, as well as the IACBE-accredited Parker Master of Business Administration program, first founded in 1981. Lake Erie College is approximately east of downtown Cleveland in downtown Painesville. Students under the age of 22 whose official residence is outside a radius of the campus are required to live on campus during the academic year. Students can rely on their own transportation or the Lake County Laketran bus system that has stops near the campus. Parking one personal vehicle on campus is available upon registering with the college. Founded as the Lake Erie Female Seminary in 1856, the institution toppled the belief that women were not capable of significant intellectual improvement. The only single-sex institution of higher education for women in the Western Reserve , it took after its sister seminary, Mount Holyoke. The seminary was relocated in Painesville after Willoughby Seminary, founded in 1847, burned to the ground. Its founders include prominent local citizens Timothy Rockwell, general store owner Silas Trumbull Ladd, Judge William Lee Perkins, Mayor and Judge Aaron Wilcox, Charles Austin Avery and Judge Reuben Hitchcock, a president of the Cleveland and Mahoning Railroad and cousin of Edward Hitchcock. Scholarship was not a chief concern at the Seminary for many years, however. Educating future mothers through domestic work, physical education and etiquette ranked among the Seminary's chief aims. For a tuition of $160, seminarians trained as teachers. Over 40 years, the seminary raised standards, finally delivering a college degree.", "Fred Worthington Fred Worthington is the name of:", "Although Parker's wife, Cate, is opposed to keeping the puppy she eventually relents after realising the bond between Parker and Hachi. Over the next year or so Parker and Hachi become even closer. Parker tries to train Hachi, a Japanese breed of dog called an Akita, but the dog refuses to do normal dog things like chasing and fetching. One morning Parker leaves for work and Hachi follows him to the train station and refuses to leave without his master causing Parker to abandon the train to take the dog home. The next day Hachi follows Parker again who this time gets on the train. When Parker returns to the train station after work he is surprised to find Hachi waiting for him. Hachi learns what time that Parker will be due home every day and constantly goes to the station to wait for him at 5:00pm, quickly becoming their new daily routine. One winter's day, Parker suffers a fatal and unexpected brain hemorrhage while at work and thus never returns home on the train as usual. Hachi, waiting in his usual place for Parker as the train pulls up, doesn't see his master disembark, and instead patiently waits and waits for hours even as it starts snowing. Eventually Parker's son-in-law, Michael, comes to get him. Although everyone tries to make Hachi understand that Parker has gone, Hachi is apparently unable to accept that his master won't be coming home. Instead he returns to the train station each day and continues to wait. As time passes, Cate sells the house and moves away. Hachi is sent to live with Parker and Cate's daughter Andy, her husband Michael, and their baby Ronnie. However Hachi escapes and finds his way back to the station. There he sits at his usual spot.", "Carolyn Parker Carolyn Beatrice Parker (1917\u20131966) was a physicist who worked from 1943 to 1947 on the Dayton Project, the plutonium research and development arm of the Manhattan Project. She then became an assistant professor in physics at Fisk University. Parker earned two master's degrees, one in mathematics from the University of Michigan in 1941 and one in physics from MIT in 1951. Her completion of a doctorate in physics at MIT was prevented by the leukemia that would kill her at age 47. Leukemia was an occupational risk for workers on the Dayton Project. Parker is the first African-American woman known to have gained a postgraduate degree in physics. Carolyn Beatrice Parker was born in Gainesville, Florida on November 18, 1917. Her father was Julius A. Parker, a physician who according to the family, was a student of John Kenneth Galbraith, and the second African-American to receive a PhD in business from Harvard. Her mother was Della Ella Murrell Parker. Della Parker was a sister of Joan Murrell Owens, a marine biologist who was one of the first African-American women to receive a PhD in geology. Carolyn Parker was one of six children, all but one of whom received natural science or mathematics degrees. Mary Parker Miller had a Masters of Science in mathematics from New York University in 1975; Juanita Parker Wynter had a Bachelor of Science in mathematics and chemistry, and a Master of Science from New York University; Julie Leslie Parker had a Bachelor of Science in mathematics from Fisk University and a master's degree in medical technology from Meharry Medical College; and Julius Parker Jr had a master's degree in chemistry from the University of Michigan. The sixth sibling, Martha Parker, studied social sciences, gaining a master's degree from Temple University.", "The Genius of Charlie Parker The Genius of Charlie Parker is an LP record by Charlie Parker, released posthumously by Savoy Records. All but one of tracks on this album had been previously released on other formats (78 rpm records, 7 inch EPs and 10 inch LPs), but is the first 12-inch release of these master takes. It contains selections from six sessions recorded between 1944 and 1948, and contains a previously unreleased alternate take from one these sessions. Charlie Parker recorded seven studio sessions for Savoy Records between 1944 and 1948; five as a leader, two as a sideman. Twenty-nine tracks from these sessions were released by Savoy on 78 rpm records. Twenty-seven of these tracks were reissued on 7 inch EPs and 10 inch LPs under Parker's name (the other two tracks featuring vocals by guitarist Tiny Grimes). The longer playing 12 inch LP became popular in the mid-1950s and Savoy inaugurated its 12-inch LP series with two albums (\"Charlie Parker Memorial, Vol. 1\" [Savoy 12000] and \"The Immortal Charlie Parker\" [Savoy MG 12001]) which reissued previously released master takes along with previously unreleased alternate takes. Savoy released three more 12 inch albums (this album, \"Charlie Parker Memorial, Vol. 2 \" [Savoy MG 12009] and \"The Charlie Parker Story\" [Savoy MG 12079]) completing the reissue of the previously released master takes, and the original issue of most of the unreleased takes from these seven sessions. Parker's entire Savoy ouvre was finally issued on \"Charlie Parker: The Complete Savoy Studio Sessions\" in 1978. The master take of \"Koko\", included here, is controversial in that it is unclear who, precisely, plays trumpet and\\or piano on the track. The liner notes credit Miles Davis with trumpet for the session, but also credit Dizzy Gillespie with both trumpet and piano."], "answer": {"text": "improvisation and developed some of the ideas that led to bebop.", "answer_start": 86}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Parker do in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "In the late 1930s Parker began to practice diligently. During this period he mastered", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3680cf6fe1674df1861b063c8ade656c_1_q#2", "question": "Did he work with anyone else of note?", "rewrite": "Besides improvising did Parker work with anyone else of note?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This proposed psychophysics model of goal pursuit purports that (1) when the initial state of a goal is the reference point, motivation levels monotonically decrease as distance from the initial state increases and (2) when the end state of a goal is the reference point, motivation levels monotonically increase as distance to the end state decreases. When proposing the U-shaped goal gradient, Bonezzi et al. (2011) argue that the perceived marginal value of progress when pursuing a goal is greatest at the goal initial state and the goal end state. This perception of marginal value drives motivation; hence, motivation is highest at the initial and end state of the goal. The psychophysics model incorporates framing effects \u2013 asserting that the manner in which a goal is framed impacts perceptions of progress during goal pursuit. Perceptions of progress subsequently impact the level of effort exerted during various steps during goal pursuit. Progress measured from a goal's initial state is referred to as a \"to-date\" frame and progress measured from a goal's end state is referred to as a \"to-go\" frame (Bonezzi et al., 2011). In an experiment run with undergraduate student participants, Bonezzi et al. (2011) gave participants $15 to donate to a charity with a goal of $300 total donations. Participants were put into two groups: a to-date group and a to-go group. In the to-date condition, money that the charity had collected toward its goal was framed as money already collected. In the to-go condition, progress in reaching the $300 goal was framed as money left to collect to reach the goal. Consistent with the psychophysics model, Bonezzi et al.", "\"Worlds End\" for the area around the S-shaped serpentine bend in Loyalsock Creek. Worlds End State Forest Park opened in 1932, and its name has caused some confusion and controversy over the years. William S. Swingler, Assistant District Forester of Wyoming State Forest (reorganized as Loyalsock State Forest in 2005), penned this note about the story of the name in 1935: This was not the end of the controversy. A letter campaign led to the name of the park being changed to \"Whirls End State Forest Park\" in 1936; opponents of the new name launched another letter-writing campaign to revert the name to \"Worlds End State Forest Park\". This matter was brought before the State Geographic Board, which supervised the official naming of places. The board ruled that the name be changed once again to \"Worlds End State Forest Park\" in 1943. The word \"Forest\" was dropped on November 11, 1954, when the park was officially named \"Worlds End State Park\" by the Pennsylvania Geographic Board. This has been the official name ever since, but the names \"Whirls End\" and \"Whirls Glen\" are still used, and are synonymous with Worlds End. Two other etymologies have been suggested. The first is that an early road along the gorge had a sheer drop to the creek hundreds of feet below, which prompted thoughts of the world's end in early travelers. The second is that the bend in Loyalsock Creek, and the surrounding area that became the park, was originally known as \"Huerle's Bend\", but then \"years of mispronunciation turned it into World's End (State Park)\". Whatever the source, as of 2012 the name \"Worlds End State Park\" is unique in the USGS Geographic Names Information System and on its maps of the United States.", "Although much can be gained by examining the four elements independently, it is only when they are viewed together that operational art reveals its intricate fabric. The challenge of operational art is to establish a four-element equilibrium that permits the optimal generation and application of military power in achieving the political goal. Viewing time, space, means and purpose as a whole requires great skill in organizing, weighing and envisioning masses of complex, often contradictory factors. These factors often exist for extended periods, over great distances and with shifting mixes of players, systems and beliefs, pursuing political goals which may or may not be clear, cogent or settled. Compounding factors, such as the opponent's actions, create further ambiguity. The operational-level strategist possesses numerous tools to frame and guide their thinking, but chief among these are mission analysis and end state. Mission analysis answers the question \"What is to be accomplished?\" Through mission analysis, the operational-level planner fuses political aims and military objectives. In so doing, the planner determines what application of military force will create military power to achieve the political purpose. Subordinate processes here include defining objectives and centers of gravity, but excessive dependence on analytical mechanisms can create false security. The final test rewards success, not the quality of the argument. Conversely, the planner cannot hope to \"feel\" a way to victory\u2014 complexity demands an integration of thought and effort. End state answers the question \"What will constitute success? \" The campaign end state is not merely a desired status quo of the military goal. It also establishes a touchstone for the tactical, operational and strategic levels. The end state manifests the intended results of military power and exposes any limitations. Indeed, an achievable end state may require the employment of nonmilitary elements of national power. As such, it recognizes that military power alone may not be capable of attaining political success.", "In 1978, Hollywood producer Thom Eubank produced several music videos of songs from Raydio's first, eponymous album on Arista Records. The single \"Jack & Jill\" was the first released to air on Wolfman Jack's Saturday night television show, \"The Midnight Special\". The music videos were also transferred to film and projected in movie theaters all over Europe. He also made two different videos for his hit \"The Other Woman\". The first was Halloween-themed and centered around a haunted castle with dancing corpses and vampires. The second was more performance-oriented, with Parker performing the song against an outer space background with backup singers. Parker's \"Ghostbusters\" video, helmed by the film's director, Ivan Reitman, was one of the first movie-themed videos to find success on MTV. Parker also wrote and produced hits for New Edition (\"Mr. Telephone Man\"), Randy Hall, Cheryl Lynn (\"Shake It Up Tonight\"), Deniece Williams (\"I Found Love\"), and Diana Ross. He performed guitar on several songs on La Toya Jackson's 1980 debut album. In 1989, he also wrote \"Ghostbusters\", a rap performed by Run-D.M.C., for the movie \"Ghostbusters II\". 1989 also saw Parker work with actor Jack Wagner (\"General Hospital\") on an album for MCA Records that was eventually shelved and never released. A single from the Jack Wagner sessions, \"Wish You Were Mine\", featuring an intro rap by Parker, was released on a 1990 MCA promotional sampler CD. In 2006, Parker released a new CD titled \"I'm Free\". Parker is also the founder and owner of the Los Angeles-based recording facility Ameraycan Recording Studios. Parker also composed the title music and soundtrack of the animated series", "Worlds End State Park Worlds End State Park is a Pennsylvania state park in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. The park, nearly surrounded by Loyalsock State Forest, is in the Loyalsock Creek valley on Pennsylvania Route 154, in Forks and Shrewsbury Townships southeast of the borough of Forksville. The name \"Worlds End\" has been used since at least 1872, but its origins are uncertain. Although it was founded as \"Worlds End State Forest Park\" by Governor Gifford Pinchot in 1932, the park was officially known as \"Whirls End State Forest Park\" from 1936 to 1943. The park's land was once home to Native Americans, followed by settlers who cleared the forests for subsistence farming and later built sawmills. The second growth forests in and surrounding Worlds End State Park are partially a result of the efforts of the young men of the Civilian Conservation Corps during the Great Depression. They helped overcome the clearcutting of the early 20th century, and built many of the park's facilities, including the cabins that earned it a place on the National Register of Historic Places. A wide variety of wildlife is found in the park, which is also part of an Important Bird Area. Located in the Endless Mountains region of the dissected Allegheny Plateau, Worlds End has a continental climate and rocks and fossils from the Carboniferous period. It is one of \"Twenty Must-See Pennsylvania State Parks\" named by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, which describes it as \"[v]irtually in a class by itself, this wild, rugged and rustic area seems almost untamed\". The park offers year-round recreational opportunities, including environmental education, hiking, camping in tents and cabins, whitewater rafting, swimming, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling, hunting, and fishing. An 1872 map uses the name"], "answer": {"text": "1938 Parker joined pianist Jay McShann's territory band.", "answer_start": 1061}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Parker do in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "In the late 1930s Parker began to practice diligently. During this period he mastered", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he master?", "answer": {"text": "improvisation and developed some of the ideas that led to bebop.", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3680cf6fe1674df1861b063c8ade656c_1_q#3", "question": "What did they do together?", "rewrite": "What did Parker and Jay McShann do together?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Some Blues Some Blues is an album by jazz pianist Jay McShann recorded in 1990 and 1992 and released on the Chiaroscuro label in 1993. The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow noted \"Four different sessions featuring pianist Jay McShann are on this enjoyable CD ... All of the sessions are quite fun and are filled by colorful solos ... Overall, this is a difficult program not to love\". All compositions by Jay McShann except where noted", "Jay McShann James Columbus \"Jay\" McShann (January 12, 1916 \u2013 December 7, 2006) was a jazz pianist and bandleader. He led bands in Kansas City, Missouri, that included Charlie Parker, Bernard Anderson, Ben Webster, and Walter Brown. McShann was born in Muskogee, Oklahoma, and was nicknamed Hootie. Musically, his education came from Earl Hines's late-night broadcasts from Chicago's Grand Terrace Cafe: \"When 'Fatha' [Hines] went off the air, I went to bed\". He began working as a professional musician in 1931, performing around Tulsa, Oklahoma, and neighboring Arkansas. McShann moved to Kansas City, Missouri, in 1936, and set up his own big band, which variously featured Charlie Parker (1937\u201342), Al Hibbler, Ben Webster, Paul Quinichette, Bernard Anderson, Gene Ramey, Jimmy Coe, Gus Johnson (1938\u201343), Harold \"Doc\" West, Earl Coleman, Walter Brown, and Jimmy Witherspoon, among others. His first recordings were all with Charlie Parker, the first as the Jay McShann Orchestra on August 9, 1940. The band played both swing and blues numbers but played blues on most of its records; its most popular recording was \"Confessin' the Blues\". The group disbanded when McShann was drafted into the Army in 1944. The big-band era being over, he was unable to successfully restart his career after the war ended. Jay told the Associated Press in 2003 \"You'd hear some cat play, and somebody would say 'This cat , he sounds like he's from Kansas City.' It was Kansas City Style. They knew it on the East Coast. They knew it on the West Coast. They knew it up north, and they knew it down south.\"", "After Hours (Jay McShann album) After Hours is an album by jazz pianist Jay McShann recorded in 1977 but not released by the Storyville label until 1982. The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow noted \"Other than the opening \"Doo-Wah-Doo\" and the closing \"Cherry Red,\" both of which include guitarist Thomas Muller, bassist Ole Skipper Mosgard and drummer Thorkild Moller, this is a set of unaccompanied piano and vocals by the great veteran Jay McShann. The music is typical for McShann, with veteran blues (such as \"After Hours\" and \"How Long Blues\"), the standard \"Ace in the Hole,\" and some swinging boogie-based originals\". All compositions by Jay McShann except where noted", "McShann's Piano McShann's Piano is an album by jazz pianist Jay McShann recorded in 1966 and released by the Capitol label. The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow noted \"Jay McShann's first recording in a decade (and first official full-length LP) is a fine showcase for the pianist, who takes vocals on three of the 11 selections. ... Throughout, McShann's blend of swing, stride, boogie and blues is quite appealing\". In JazzTimes Stanley Dance observed \"\"McShann\u2019s Piano\", had wide circulation and served to introduce McShann as the singer he necessarily became in order to answer requests for the unforgotten hits with Walter Brown. He has a similar regional accent and vocal quality, but he sings much better than Brown, with more attention to melodic variety and more warmth and humor\". All compositions by Jay McShann except where noted", "Gus Johnson (jazz musician) Gus Johnson (November 15, 1913 \u2013 February 6, 2000) was an American swing drummer in various jazz bands, born in Tyler, Texas, United States. After learning to play drums from his next-door neighbor, Johnson occasionally played professionally at the age of ten in the Lincoln Theater, and performed in various local groups, most notable McDavid's Blue Rhythm Band. Upon graduating from Booker T. Washington High School, Johnson moved to Kansas City, where he took up drumming full-time. He joined Jay McShann's Orchestra in 1938, with his music career being interrupted by his conscription into the military in 1943. In 1945, Johnson returned from his stint in the military, and relocated to Chicago to perform in the Jesse Miller Band. Johnson played on Willie Dixon's debut album, \u2018Willie\u2019s Blues.\u2019 He subsequently played alongside Count Basie and was recorded on the album \"Basie Rides Again\" in 1952. Following a recovery from appendicitis Johnson was featured in numerous groups and dozens of recordings in the 1960s. In 1972, his former bandmates from Jay McShann's Orchestra reconvened to record \"Going to Kansas City\". Although Johnson continued to tour into the 1980s, he developed Alzheimer's disease in 1989, which he struggled with until his death on February 6, 2000. With Manny Albam With Count Basie With Lawrence Brown With Buck Clayton With Al Cohn With Willie Dixon and Memphis Slim With Ella Fitzgerald With Coleman Hawkins With Willis Jackson With Herbie Mann With Gerry Mulligan With Joe Newman With Chico O'Farrill With Oscar Pettiford With Al Sears With Zoot Sims With Rex Stewart and Cootie Williams With Ralph Sutton and Ruby Braff With Ralph Sutton and Jay McShann With Ralph Sutton and Kenny Davern With Buddy Tate With Frank Wess With Lem Winchester"], "answer": {"text": "The band toured nightclubs and other venues of the southwest, as well as Chicago and New York City.", "answer_start": 1118}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Parker do in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "In the late 1930s Parker began to practice diligently. During this period he mastered", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he master?", "answer": {"text": "improvisation and developed some of the ideas that led to bebop.", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he work with anyone else of note?", "answer": {"text": "1938 Parker joined pianist Jay McShann's territory band.", "answer_start": 1061, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3680cf6fe1674df1861b063c8ade656c_1_q#4", "question": "Did they gain any recognition then?", "rewrite": "Did Parker and Jay McShann gain any recognition then?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["After Hours (Jay McShann album) After Hours is an album by jazz pianist Jay McShann recorded in 1977 but not released by the Storyville label until 1982. The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow noted \"Other than the opening \"Doo-Wah-Doo\" and the closing \"Cherry Red,\" both of which include guitarist Thomas Muller, bassist Ole Skipper Mosgard and drummer Thorkild Moller, this is a set of unaccompanied piano and vocals by the great veteran Jay McShann. The music is typical for McShann, with veteran blues (such as \"After Hours\" and \"How Long Blues\"), the standard \"Ace in the Hole,\" and some swinging boogie-based originals\". All compositions by Jay McShann except where noted", "Some Blues Some Blues is an album by jazz pianist Jay McShann recorded in 1990 and 1992 and released on the Chiaroscuro label in 1993. The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow noted \"Four different sessions featuring pianist Jay McShann are on this enjoyable CD ... All of the sessions are quite fun and are filled by colorful solos ... Overall, this is a difficult program not to love\". All compositions by Jay McShann except where noted", "Jay McShann James Columbus \"Jay\" McShann (January 12, 1916 \u2013 December 7, 2006) was a jazz pianist and bandleader. He led bands in Kansas City, Missouri, that included Charlie Parker, Bernard Anderson, Ben Webster, and Walter Brown. McShann was born in Muskogee, Oklahoma, and was nicknamed Hootie. Musically, his education came from Earl Hines's late-night broadcasts from Chicago's Grand Terrace Cafe: \"When 'Fatha' [Hines] went off the air, I went to bed\". He began working as a professional musician in 1931, performing around Tulsa, Oklahoma, and neighboring Arkansas. McShann moved to Kansas City, Missouri, in 1936, and set up his own big band, which variously featured Charlie Parker (1937\u201342), Al Hibbler, Ben Webster, Paul Quinichette, Bernard Anderson, Gene Ramey, Jimmy Coe, Gus Johnson (1938\u201343), Harold \"Doc\" West, Earl Coleman, Walter Brown, and Jimmy Witherspoon, among others. His first recordings were all with Charlie Parker, the first as the Jay McShann Orchestra on August 9, 1940. The band played both swing and blues numbers but played blues on most of its records; its most popular recording was \"Confessin' the Blues\". The group disbanded when McShann was drafted into the Army in 1944. The big-band era being over, he was unable to successfully restart his career after the war ended. Jay told the Associated Press in 2003 \"You'd hear some cat play, and somebody would say 'This cat , he sounds like he's from Kansas City.' It was Kansas City Style. They knew it on the East Coast. They knew it on the West Coast. They knew it up north, and they knew it down south.\"", "Last of the Whorehouse Piano Players (1980) Last of the Whorehouse Piano Players, subtitled \"The Original Sessions\" is an album by pianists Ralph Sutton and Jay McShann that was recorded in 1979 and originally released by the Chaz Jazz label as two LPs (subtitled \"Two Pianos Vol. I & II\") before being reissued with two additional unreleased tracks by the Chiaroscuro label in 1992. The 1992 CD reissue omitted two tracks from \"Two Pianos Vol. II\" , \"I'll Catch The Sun\" which was a solo feature for Jay McShann and \"Ain't Misbehavin'\" which Ralph Sutton played solo. Another CD of 1989 recordings by the same group with the same title was released by Chiaroscuro on CD as \"Last of the Whorehouse Piano Players\". In Sutton's obituary The Guardian's Peter Vacher noted \"In 1979, in an inspired move, he teamed up with keyboard veteran Jay McShann as \"The Last of the Whorehouse Piano Players\", the two men producing some of the most rumbustious and lively music on the planet\".", "McShann's Piano McShann's Piano is an album by jazz pianist Jay McShann recorded in 1966 and released by the Capitol label. The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow noted \"Jay McShann's first recording in a decade (and first official full-length LP) is a fine showcase for the pianist, who takes vocals on three of the 11 selections. ... Throughout, McShann's blend of swing, stride, boogie and blues is quite appealing\". In JazzTimes Stanley Dance observed \"\"McShann\u2019s Piano\", had wide circulation and served to introduce McShann as the singer he necessarily became in order to answer requests for the unforgotten hits with Walter Brown. He has a similar regional accent and vocal quality, but he sings much better than Brown, with more attention to melodic variety and more warmth and humor\". All compositions by Jay McShann except where noted"], "answer": {"text": "Parker made his professional recording debut with McShann's band.", "answer_start": 1218}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Parker do in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "In the late 1930s Parker began to practice diligently. During this period he mastered", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he master?", "answer": {"text": "improvisation and developed some of the ideas that led to bebop.", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he work with anyone else of note?", "answer": {"text": "1938 Parker joined pianist Jay McShann's territory band.", "answer_start": 1061, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they do together?", "answer": {"text": "The band toured nightclubs and other venues of the southwest, as well as Chicago and New York City.", "answer_start": 1118, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3680cf6fe1674df1861b063c8ade656c_1_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "In addition to Parker making his professional recording debut with McShann's band are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["McShann's Piano McShann's Piano is an album by jazz pianist Jay McShann recorded in 1966 and released by the Capitol label. The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow noted \"Jay McShann's first recording in a decade (and first official full-length LP) is a fine showcase for the pianist, who takes vocals on three of the 11 selections. ... Throughout, McShann's blend of swing, stride, boogie and blues is quite appealing\". In JazzTimes Stanley Dance observed \"\"McShann\u2019s Piano\", had wide circulation and served to introduce McShann as the singer he necessarily became in order to answer requests for the unforgotten hits with Walter Brown. He has a similar regional accent and vocal quality, but he sings much better than Brown, with more attention to melodic variety and more warmth and humor\". All compositions by Jay McShann except where noted", "Portline Portline Transportes Mar\u00edtimos Internacionais, SA., often simply called Portline is a Portuguese shipping company. The company has diverse business activities, including dry bulk, containerised, and break-bulk cargo shipping, shipping agency, forwarding and logistics services, ship management and manning, ship brokerage and chartering, and a container depot service. The company was originally state-owned and was privatized in 1991. The Portline fleet has a capacity of close to , consisting of bulk carriers and container ships in the capesize, panamax and supramax, and other size classes. The company's general cargo services operate primarily in Europe, reaching to Cape Verde, The Canary Islands, West Africa, and Brazil. Its bulk cargo service, which includes coal, ore, fertilizer and grain, serves markets in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. The Portline fleet consists of 16 ships. Of these, 10 are bulk carriers and 6 are container ships. The bulker section of the fleet has 2 Capesize ships, 2 Panamax ships, and 6 Supramax ships. As of 2008, the fleet has ships ranging from 3 to 16 years of age with an average age of over 9 years. Its oldest vessels are the and built in 1992. Its newest vessels are the and built in 2005. In terms of deadweight tonnage, the combined fleet has a capacity of . The two largest vessels are the bulkers and at and respectively. At the other end of the size spectrum, the company operates four small ships under : the , , , and the . The average capacity is just over fleetwide.", "Jay McShann James Columbus \"Jay\" McShann (January 12, 1916 \u2013 December 7, 2006) was a jazz pianist and bandleader. He led bands in Kansas City, Missouri, that included Charlie Parker, Bernard Anderson, Ben Webster, and Walter Brown. McShann was born in Muskogee, Oklahoma, and was nicknamed Hootie. Musically, his education came from Earl Hines's late-night broadcasts from Chicago's Grand Terrace Cafe: \"When 'Fatha' [Hines] went off the air, I went to bed\". He began working as a professional musician in 1931, performing around Tulsa, Oklahoma, and neighboring Arkansas. McShann moved to Kansas City, Missouri, in 1936, and set up his own big band, which variously featured Charlie Parker (1937\u201342), Al Hibbler, Ben Webster, Paul Quinichette, Bernard Anderson, Gene Ramey, Jimmy Coe, Gus Johnson (1938\u201343), Harold \"Doc\" West, Earl Coleman, Walter Brown, and Jimmy Witherspoon, among others. His first recordings were all with Charlie Parker, the first as the Jay McShann Orchestra on August 9, 1940. The band played both swing and blues numbers but played blues on most of its records; its most popular recording was \"Confessin' the Blues\". The group disbanded when McShann was drafted into the Army in 1944. The big-band era being over, he was unable to successfully restart his career after the war ended. Jay told the Associated Press in 2003 \"You'd hear some cat play, and somebody would say 'This cat , he sounds like he's from Kansas City.' It was Kansas City Style. They knew it on the East Coast. They knew it on the West Coast. They knew it up north, and they knew it down south.\"", "In the late 1930s Parker began to practice diligently. During this period he mastered improvisation and developed some of the ideas that led to bebop. In an interview with Paul Desmond, he said that he spent three to four years practicing up to 15 hours a day. Bands led by Count Basie and Bennie Moten certainly influenced Parker. He played with local bands in jazz clubs around Kansas City, Missouri, where he perfected his technique, with the assistance of Buster Smith, whose dynamic transitions to double and triple time influenced Parker's developing style. In 1937, Parker played at a jam session at the Reno Club in Kansas City. His attempt to improvise failed when he lost track of the chord changes. This prompted Jo Jones, the drummer for Count Basie's Orchestra, to contemptuously throw a cymbal at his feet as a signal to leave the stage. However, rather than discouraging Parker, the incident caused him to vow to practice harder, and turned out to be a seminal moment in the young musician's career when he returned as a new man a year later. In 1938 Parker joined pianist Jay McShann's territory band. The band toured nightclubs and other venues of the southwest, as well as Chicago and New York City. Parker made his professional recording debut with McShann's band. As a teenager, Parker developed a morphine addiction while hospitalized after an automobile accident, and subsequently became addicted to heroin. He continued using heroin throughout his life, and it ultimately contributed to his death.", "After World War II McShann began to lead small groups featuring the blues shouter Jimmy Witherspoon. Witherspoon started recording with McShann in 1945 and fronting McShann's band; he had a hit in 1949 with \"Ain't Nobody's Business\". As well as writing much material, Witherspoon continued recording with McShann's band, which also featured Ben Webster. McShann had a modern rhythm and blues hit with \"Hands Off\", featuring a vocal by Priscilla Bowman, in 1955. In the late 1960s, McShann became popular as a singer as well as a pianist, often performing with violinist Claude Williams. He continued recording and touring through the 1990s. Well into his 80s, McShann still performed occasionally, particularly in the Kansas City area and Toronto, Ontario, where he made his last recording, \"Hootie Blues\", in February 2001, after a recording career of 61 years. In 1979, he appeared prominently in \"The Last of the Blue Devils\", a documentary film about Kansas City jazz. McShann died on December 7, 2006, in Kansas City, Missouri, at the age of 90. He was survived by his companion of more than 30 years, Thelma Adams (known as Marianne McShann), and three daughters. The Rolling Stones recorded a cover version of \"Confessin' the Blues\" on their album \"Five by Five\" (1964). The song was written by McShann and Walter Brown in the 1940s. The crime-fiction writer Elmore Leonard featured McShann as a character in his 2005 novel \"The Hot Kid\". With Clarence Gatemouth Brown With others"], "answer": {"text": "In 1937, Parker played at a jam session at the Reno Club in Kansas City. His attempt to improvise failed", "answer_start": 564}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Parker do in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "In the late 1930s Parker began to practice diligently. During this period he mastered", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he master?", "answer": {"text": "improvisation and developed some of the ideas that led to bebop.", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he work with anyone else of note?", "answer": {"text": "1938 Parker joined pianist Jay McShann's territory band.", "answer_start": 1061, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they do together?", "answer": {"text": "The band toured nightclubs and other venues of the southwest, as well as Chicago and New York City.", "answer_start": 1118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they gain any recognition then?", "answer": {"text": "Parker made his professional recording debut with McShann's band.", "answer_start": 1218, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where else did they tour?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3680cf6fe1674df1861b063c8ade656c_1_q#7", "question": "Why did it fail?", "rewrite": "Why did Parker's attempt to improvise fail?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hercules Returns Hercules Returns is a 1993 Australian comedy film directed by David Parker, starring David Argue, Michael Carman, Bruce Spence and Mary Coustas. The film has a cult following in Australia and other countries. It has been released in DVD format (Region 4, format ). It was the first feature directed by David Parker although he had written and produced a number of other films. Film buff Brad McBain (Argue), a frustrated employee of Australia\u2019s largest cinema chain, The Kent Corporation, quits his job and decides to set up and re-open the Picture Palace, a palatial disused cinema in St Kilda, Melbourne, to show classic old films in the old-fashioned style. As a gimmick he chooses the last picture that the cinema featured, \"Samson and His Mighty Challenge\" (an Italian film, originally released in 1964 as \"Ercole, Sansone, Maciste e Ursus: gli invincibili\"). When the print arrives at the grand gala opening they discover that it is in unsubtitled Italian, and Brad suspects that his old boss, Sir Michael Kent (Carman), has in some way sabotaged the delivery so that McBain can fail at his achievement and keep Kent's business running successfully. This calls for desperate measures and McBain, his projectionist Sprocket (Spence) and his publicist Lisa (Coustas) are forced to improvise voice-overs for the entire film with hilarious results. Kent (Carman) also attends the screening, hoping to see it fail. As he realises that the crowd is enjoying the film, he storms up to the projection box. He and McBain fight just as the film reaches its climax; McBain breaks the fourth wall several times so that the fight in the projection box corresponds with the fight on the screen.", "Unlucky runner-up in the three seasons from 1981 to 1983 were the Germans Josef Brockhausen / Hubert Rebele, missing out quite narrowly and retiring in 1983 after the third attempt, as did Bollhalder, but as the world champion. From 1984 to 1987, four titles went to Hansi B\u00e4chtold / Fritz Fu\u00df. Again, there was no luck for the runner-up with the Dutch combination August Muller / Henk van Heek coming second in 1985, 1986 and 1987. In 1986, only 7 points separated winner from second place. B\u00e4chtold retired as the new record world champion in 1987. Christoph H\u00fcsser / Andreas H\u00fcsser won the titles in 1988 and 1989 and continued to race after that until 1996, never coming close to another world championship again. Benny Janssen / Tiny Janssen became the last to win one championship only when the finished on top in 1990, beating the German team Michael Garhammer / Ralf Haas by only 13 points and ending eight years of Swiss domination. Eimbert Timmermans / Eric Verhagen from the Netherlands beat the Belgian duo Eddy Ramon / Gino Strubbe for the next two titles in 1991 and 92. After this, the world championship returned to Switzerland with Andreas Fuhrer / Adrian K\u00e4ser equaling the record of four titles in a row from 1993 to 1996 and then retiring from the competition. The 1997 season marked the beginning of a new era with all previous World Champions having either retired before, or at the end of, the 1996 season. With Kristers Ser\u0123is / Artis Rasmanis the 1997 championship went to Latvia for the first time. The tightest race for the championship so far saw them beat the German/Dutch team of Alois Wenninger / Henry van de Wiel by four points.", "On June 8, 2010, former U.S. president Bill Clinton, speaking while on a visit to Peru, expressed his support for Berenson's release, stating \"I'm glad Lori Berenson was released ... when I was president, I worked for that.\" Peru's state attorney for counterterrorism, Julio Galindo, appealed Berenson's parole, depicting her as a calculating, unrepentant extremist who posed a continuing threat to the Peruvian public. On August 16, 2010, Berenson appeared before the appeals court to request she be allowed to remain free on parole. In responding to Galindo's allegations, she stated that she was not a threat to society: On August 18, 2010, the appeals court annulled Berenson's parole and returned her to prison while technical aspects of the parole were considered. On November 8, she was again released on parole. In January 2011, an appeals court rejected a prosecutor's attempt to revoke her parole. Berenson and her attorney told reporters that the ruling was final and could not be appealed by prosecutors, ending eight months of legal uncertainty. Constitutional law expert Mario Amoretti, while agreeing that the ruling should be final, remarked that the state conceivably could file a challenge, claiming some constitutional violation, but he said he didn't see grounds for such an appeal. Berenson was required to remain in Peru on supervised parole until her 20-year sentence ended in 2015, unless the sentence was commuted by the President. When he was President, Alan Garcia said he would consider a commutation only after the legal case had run its course. In December 2011, a Peruvian court issued Berenson a three-week travel permit to visit her family in New York City.", "In the late 1930s Parker began to practice diligently. During this period he mastered improvisation and developed some of the ideas that led to bebop. In an interview with Paul Desmond, he said that he spent three to four years practicing up to 15 hours a day. Bands led by Count Basie and Bennie Moten certainly influenced Parker. He played with local bands in jazz clubs around Kansas City, Missouri, where he perfected his technique, with the assistance of Buster Smith, whose dynamic transitions to double and triple time influenced Parker's developing style. In 1937, Parker played at a jam session at the Reno Club in Kansas City. His attempt to improvise failed when he lost track of the chord changes. This prompted Jo Jones, the drummer for Count Basie's Orchestra, to contemptuously throw a cymbal at his feet as a signal to leave the stage. However, rather than discouraging Parker, the incident caused him to vow to practice harder, and turned out to be a seminal moment in the young musician's career when he returned as a new man a year later. In 1938 Parker joined pianist Jay McShann's territory band. The band toured nightclubs and other venues of the southwest, as well as Chicago and New York City. Parker made his professional recording debut with McShann's band. As a teenager, Parker developed a morphine addiction while hospitalized after an automobile accident, and subsequently became addicted to heroin. He continued using heroin throughout his life, and it ultimately contributed to his death.", "This score typically determines details of rhythm, pitch, and, where two or more musicians (whether singers or instrumentalists) are involved, how the various parts are coordinated. The written quality of the music has enabled a high level of complexity within them: fugues, for instance, achieve a remarkable marriage of boldly distinctive melodic lines weaving in counterpoint yet creating a coherent harmonic logic. The use of written notation also preserves a record of the works and enables Classical musicians to perform music from many centuries ago. Although Classical music in the 2000s has lost most of its tradition for musical improvisation, from the Baroque era to the Romantic era, there are examples of performers who could improvise in the style of their era. In the Baroque era, organ performers would improvise preludes, keyboard performers playing harpsichord would improvise chords from the figured bass symbols beneath the bass notes of the basso continuo part and both vocal and instrumental performers would improvise musical ornaments. Johann Sebastian Bach was particularly noted for his complex improvisations. During the Classical era, the composer-performer Mozart was noted for his ability to improvise melodies in different styles. During the Classical era, some virtuoso soloists would improvise the cadenza sections of a concerto. During the Romantic era, Beethoven would improvise at the piano. The instruments currently used in most classical music were largely invented before the mid-19th century (often much earlier) and systematized in the 18th and 19th centuries. They consist of the instruments found in an orchestra or in a concert band, together with several other solo instruments (such as the piano, harpsichord, and organ). The symphony orchestra includes members of the string, woodwind, brass, and percussion families of instruments. The concert band consists of members of the woodwind, brass, and percussion families."], "answer": {"text": "he lost track of the chord changes.", "answer_start": 674}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Parker do in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "In the late 1930s Parker began to practice diligently. During this period he mastered", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he master?", "answer": {"text": "improvisation and developed some of the ideas that led to bebop.", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he work with anyone else of note?", "answer": {"text": "1938 Parker joined pianist Jay McShann's territory band.", "answer_start": 1061, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they do together?", "answer": {"text": "The band toured nightclubs and other venues of the southwest, as well as Chicago and New York City.", "answer_start": 1118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they gain any recognition then?", "answer": {"text": "Parker made his professional recording debut with McShann's band.", "answer_start": 1218, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where else did they tour?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 1937, Parker played at a jam session at the Reno Club in Kansas City. His attempt to improvise failed", "answer_start": 564, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_aee0a21bfbbd4a35b24924b0b130b141_0_q#1", "question": "what did they do next?", "rewrite": "what did Fairport Convention do next?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Fairport Convention (album) Fairport Convention is Fairport Convention's debut album. The band formed in 1967, with the original line-up consisting of Richard Thompson (guitar); Simon Nicol (guitar); Ashley \u201cTyger\u201d Hutchings (bass); and Sean Frater (drums), who was replaced after their first gig by Martin Lamble. They were shortly thereafter joined by Judy Dyble (vocals), and Ian MacDonald (later known as Iain Matthews) joined them after they made their major London stage debut in one of Brian Epstein\u2019s Sunday concerts at the Saville Theatre. With an approach strongly influenced by Jefferson Airplane's first two albums, as opposed to the electric traditional folk for which the group later became famous, the debut album features songs by Emitt Rhodes, Joni Mitchell and Jim & Jean, adaptations of poems by George Painter and Bob Dylan, and some original material. This is the only Fairport Convention studio album on which Judy Dyble sings. She was replaced in 1968 by Sandy Denny but during her short time with the band she made an impression, particularly through her on-stage habit of knitting dishcloths and scarves when not actually singing. The album should not be confused with the A&M Records' \"Fairport Convention\", the USA release/re-titling of their second UK album, \" What We Did On Our Holidays\". The first album, listed a product of Polydor-England, was finally released in the U.S. on Cotillion Records in 1970.", "What We Did on Our Holidays What We Did on Our Holidays (released as Fairport Convention in the United States) is the 1969 second album by the band Fairport Convention. It was their first album to feature singer-songwriter Sandy Denny, whose \"haunting, ethereal vocals gave Fairport a big boost\", according to Richie Unterberger. The album also showed a move towards the folk rock for which they became noted, including tracks later to become perennial favourites such as \"Fotheringay\" and the song traditionally used to close live concerts, \"Meet on the Ledge\". Following the departure of Judy Dyble, the band conducted auditions for a replacement singer, and Sandy Denny became the obvious choice. Simon Nicol has said \"it was a one horse race really... she stood out like a clean glass in a sink full of dirty dishes\". The album has been described by author Richie Unterberger as \"a near-ideal balance between imaginative reworkings of traditional folk songs ... quality covers of contemporary folk-rock singer-songwriters, some quite obscure ... and original folk-rock material by various members\". Simon Nicol has cited the album as his favourite. The cover features a sketch of the band performing, described in the album credits as \"from a blackboard assaulted by Fairport Convention\" and the reverse of the original sleeve a photograph of the band performing. The Island Masters 1990 re-release IMCD 97 also features a portrait of Sandy Denny. In the USA, the album was released by A&M Records (SP-4185), containing an identical track listing but featured new cover art, and was retitled \"Fairport Convention\".", "Dave Mattacks David James \"Dave\" Mattacks (born 13 March 1948) is an English rock and folk drummer. Best known for his work with Fairport Convention, Mattacks has also worked both as a session musician and as a performance artist. Apart from playing the drums, he is also a versed keyboard player and occasionally played the bass guitar on studio recordings. He began as a trainee piano-tuner before taking up the drums. He played with several jazz bands before joining the British folk rock band Fairport Convention in August 1969, with whom he worked on and off until 1997. In 1998, he moved to Marblehead, Massachusetts, United States, where he is a sought-after studio musician, record producer, and member of the band Super Genius, while still touring regularly with various acts in the UK, Europe and Australia. He replaced Martin Lamble, who had died on 12 May 1969 in a road accident on the M1 motorway. Mattacks left Fairport Convention in early 1972 to join The Albion Country Band. Meanwhile he had also contributed to numerous studio recordings such as the Morris On project, Nick Drake's \"Bryter Layter\", Steve Ashley's \"Stroll On\" sessions, Steeleye Span's debut album \"Hark! The Village Wait\", John Martyn's \"Solid Air\" and Harvey Andrews' album \"Writer of Songs\". He returned to Fairport Convention in order to help complete the 1973 album \"Rosie\" with a revamped line up of the band. Mattacks also played on \"Nine\" (1974) but left halfway through the making of the follow-up \"Rising for the Moon\", following an altercation with engineer Glyn Johns.", "Fairport Convention were soon playing regularly at underground venues such as UFO and The Electric Garden, which later became the Middle Earth club. After only a few months, they caught the attention of manager Joe Boyd who secured them a contract with Polydor Records. Boyd suggested they augment the line-up with another male vocalist. Singer Iain Matthews (then known as Ian MacDonald) joined the band and their first album, Fairport Convention, was recorded in late 1967 and released in June 1968. At this early stage Fairport looked to North American folk and folk rock acts such as Joni Mitchell, Bob Dylan, and The Byrds for material and inspiration. The name \"Fairport Convention\" and the use of two lead vocalists led many new listeners to believe that they were an American act, earning them the nickname 'the British Jefferson Airplane' during this period. Fairport Convention played alongside Jefferson Airplane at the First Isle of Wight Festival, 1968. After disappointing album sales they signed a new contract with Island Records. Before their next recording Judy Dyble was replaced by the band with Sandy Denny, a folk singer who had previously recorded as a soloist and with Strawbs. Denny's distinctive voice, described by Clive James as 'open space, low-volume, high-intensity', is one of the characteristics of two albums released in 1969: What We Did on Our Holidays and Unhalfbricking. These recordings marked the growth of much greater musicality and song-writing ability among the band. The first of these featured the Thompson-penned \"Meet on the Ledge\", which became their second single and eventually the band's unofficial anthem. During the recording of Unhalfbricking, Matthews left after having sung on only one song, eventually to form Matthews Southern Comfort. He was not replaced; the other male members covered his vocal parts.", "The Woodworm studio was sold, and a new record label, Matty Grooves was established for the band and the group as a whole now organises the Cropredy Festival, now called Fairport's Cropredy Convention. Pegg also formed Peggy & PJ, a duo with guitarist PJ Wright, who had been lead guitar with the Steve Gibbons Band, touring smaller venues and producing an album \"Galileo's Apology\" in 2007, a collection of pop and folk-rock songs and instrumentals. Pegg also had a second 'birthday bash' at Birmingham Town Hall, released as \"Dave Pegg's 60th Birthday Bash\" (2008). In 2007 a retrospective of Pegg's career was launched. \" A Box of Pegg's\" contained four CDs, summarizing his work with Fairport Convention, Crawdaddy, Richard Thompson, Mike Heron, Steve Ashley, Jethro Tull, The Ian Campbell Folk Group and others. From 2010 to 2013 he appeared in France with the Breton band Red Cardell. Pegg lives in Banbury, Oxfordshire. He has a daughter, Stephanie, who works as a PR consultant: his son, Matt Pegg, is a bassist who has played with Procol Harum and Francis Dunnery. In 2002 Dave Pegg shared with other Fairport Convention members a 'Lifetime Achievement Award' at the 2002 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards. For Fairport Convention albums see Fairport Convention discography
For Jethro Tull albums see Jethro Tull discography"], "answer": {"text": "Usually considered the highpoint of the band's long career, Liege & Lief was a huge leap forward in concept and musicality. The", "answer_start": 716}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "who developed british folk rock?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_aee0a21bfbbd4a35b24924b0b130b141_0_q#2", "question": "what was their greatest achievement?", "rewrite": "what was Fairport Convention greatest achievement?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["What We Did on Our Holidays What We Did on Our Holidays (released as Fairport Convention in the United States) is the 1969 second album by the band Fairport Convention. It was their first album to feature singer-songwriter Sandy Denny, whose \"haunting, ethereal vocals gave Fairport a big boost\", according to Richie Unterberger. The album also showed a move towards the folk rock for which they became noted, including tracks later to become perennial favourites such as \"Fotheringay\" and the song traditionally used to close live concerts, \"Meet on the Ledge\". Following the departure of Judy Dyble, the band conducted auditions for a replacement singer, and Sandy Denny became the obvious choice. Simon Nicol has said \"it was a one horse race really... she stood out like a clean glass in a sink full of dirty dishes\". The album has been described by author Richie Unterberger as \"a near-ideal balance between imaginative reworkings of traditional folk songs ... quality covers of contemporary folk-rock singer-songwriters, some quite obscure ... and original folk-rock material by various members\". Simon Nicol has cited the album as his favourite. The cover features a sketch of the band performing, described in the album credits as \"from a blackboard assaulted by Fairport Convention\" and the reverse of the original sleeve a photograph of the band performing. The Island Masters 1990 re-release IMCD 97 also features a portrait of Sandy Denny. In the USA, the album was released by A&M Records (SP-4185), containing an identical track listing but featured new cover art, and was retitled \"Fairport Convention\".", "Fairport Convention were soon playing regularly at underground venues such as UFO and The Electric Garden, which later became the Middle Earth club. After only a few months, they caught the attention of manager Joe Boyd who secured them a contract with Polydor Records. Boyd suggested they augment the line-up with another male vocalist. Singer Iain Matthews (then known as Ian MacDonald) joined the band and their first album, Fairport Convention, was recorded in late 1967 and released in June 1968. At this early stage Fairport looked to North American folk and folk rock acts such as Joni Mitchell, Bob Dylan, and The Byrds for material and inspiration. The name \"Fairport Convention\" and the use of two lead vocalists led many new listeners to believe that they were an American act, earning them the nickname 'the British Jefferson Airplane' during this period. Fairport Convention played alongside Jefferson Airplane at the First Isle of Wight Festival, 1968. After disappointing album sales they signed a new contract with Island Records. Before their next recording Judy Dyble was replaced by the band with Sandy Denny, a folk singer who had previously recorded as a soloist and with Strawbs. Denny's distinctive voice, described by Clive James as 'open space, low-volume, high-intensity', is one of the characteristics of two albums released in 1969: What We Did on Our Holidays and Unhalfbricking. These recordings marked the growth of much greater musicality and song-writing ability among the band. The first of these featured the Thompson-penned \"Meet on the Ledge\", which became their second single and eventually the band's unofficial anthem. During the recording of Unhalfbricking, Matthews left after having sung on only one song, eventually to form Matthews Southern Comfort. He was not replaced; the other male members covered his vocal parts.", "In the view of Dave Mattacks, his fellow Fairport member for many years 'he is the best acoustic supportive player I know.' As part of Fairport Convention, Nicol received the 'Lifetime achievement award' at the 2002 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards. At the 2006 Folk awards he shared in the award for 'Most influential folk album of all time' voted by Radio 2 listeners for \"Liege and Lief\". At the 2007 awards he received an award with Fairport, along with the late Sandy Denny, for \u2018Favourite folk track of all time\u2019 for \u2018Who Knows Where the Time Goes?'. For Fairport Convention see Fairport Convention discography
For the Albion Band see The Albion Band discography", "The Woodworm studio was sold, and a new record label, Matty Grooves was established for the band and the group as a whole now organises the Cropredy Festival, now called Fairport's Cropredy Convention. Pegg also formed Peggy & PJ, a duo with guitarist PJ Wright, who had been lead guitar with the Steve Gibbons Band, touring smaller venues and producing an album \"Galileo's Apology\" in 2007, a collection of pop and folk-rock songs and instrumentals. Pegg also had a second 'birthday bash' at Birmingham Town Hall, released as \"Dave Pegg's 60th Birthday Bash\" (2008). In 2007 a retrospective of Pegg's career was launched. \" A Box of Pegg's\" contained four CDs, summarizing his work with Fairport Convention, Crawdaddy, Richard Thompson, Mike Heron, Steve Ashley, Jethro Tull, The Ian Campbell Folk Group and others. From 2010 to 2013 he appeared in France with the Breton band Red Cardell. Pegg lives in Banbury, Oxfordshire. He has a daughter, Stephanie, who works as a PR consultant: his son, Matt Pegg, is a bassist who has played with Procol Harum and Francis Dunnery. In 2002 Dave Pegg shared with other Fairport Convention members a 'Lifetime Achievement Award' at the 2002 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards. For Fairport Convention albums see Fairport Convention discography
For Jethro Tull albums see Jethro Tull discography", "Fairport Convention (album) Fairport Convention is Fairport Convention's debut album. The band formed in 1967, with the original line-up consisting of Richard Thompson (guitar); Simon Nicol (guitar); Ashley \u201cTyger\u201d Hutchings (bass); and Sean Frater (drums), who was replaced after their first gig by Martin Lamble. They were shortly thereafter joined by Judy Dyble (vocals), and Ian MacDonald (later known as Iain Matthews) joined them after they made their major London stage debut in one of Brian Epstein\u2019s Sunday concerts at the Saville Theatre. With an approach strongly influenced by Jefferson Airplane's first two albums, as opposed to the electric traditional folk for which the group later became famous, the debut album features songs by Emitt Rhodes, Joni Mitchell and Jim & Jean, adaptations of poems by George Painter and Bob Dylan, and some original material. This is the only Fairport Convention studio album on which Judy Dyble sings. She was replaced in 1968 by Sandy Denny but during her short time with the band she made an impression, particularly through her on-stage habit of knitting dishcloths and scarves when not actually singing. The album should not be confused with the A&M Records' \"Fairport Convention\", the USA release/re-titling of their second UK album, \" What We Did On Our Holidays\". The first album, listed a product of Polydor-England, was finally released in the U.S. on Cotillion Records in 1970."], "answer": {"text": "Liege & Lief was launched with a sell-out concert in London's Royal Festival Hall late in 1969.", "answer_start": 1072}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "who developed british folk rock?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did they do next?", "answer": {"text": "Usually considered the highpoint of the band's long career, Liege & Lief was a huge leap forward in concept and musicality. The", "answer_start": 716, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_aee0a21bfbbd4a35b24924b0b130b141_0_q#3", "question": "did they release any albums?", "rewrite": "did Fairport Convention release any albums?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["(guitar, vocal) (guitar, vocal) is a 1976 album by Richard Thompson. It was released by Island Records as a career retrospective after he and his wife Linda had gone into semi-retirement from the business of making and performing music following the release of \"Pour Down Like Silver\" (1975). Most tracks are unreleased recordings from Thompson's career to date - though the two instrumental tracks were recorded specifically for this compilation. (guitar, vocal) spans Thompsons's early years with Fairport Convention as well as the time he spent performing and recording as a duo with wife Linda. The release was notable for two live cuts from the 1975 Richard and Linda Thompson tour \u2014 \"Night Comes In\" and \"Calvary Cross\" \u2014 which featured lengthy guitar solos by Thompson, and for the Fairport Convention tracks \"The Ballad of Easy Rider\" featuring an excellent vocal from Sandy Denny which was an unreleased track from the \"Liege & Lief\" sessions and \"Poor Will and the Jolly Hangman\" which had been recorded for and then omitted from that group's \"Full House\" album. \"(guitar, vocal)\" has been out of print for some years now. Several tracks first released as part of this compilation have subsequently been included as bonus tracks on remastered Fairport Convention and Richard & Linda Thompson albums issued by Island Records. However the BBC version of Mr Lacey was unavailable elsewhere, until its release on the 19-CD boxset \"Sandy Denny\" : it did not feature on the recent Fairport Convention boxset. \"All songs written by Richard Thompson except where indicated otherwise.\"", "Fairport Convention (album) Fairport Convention is Fairport Convention's debut album. The band formed in 1967, with the original line-up consisting of Richard Thompson (guitar); Simon Nicol (guitar); Ashley \u201cTyger\u201d Hutchings (bass); and Sean Frater (drums), who was replaced after their first gig by Martin Lamble. They were shortly thereafter joined by Judy Dyble (vocals), and Ian MacDonald (later known as Iain Matthews) joined them after they made their major London stage debut in one of Brian Epstein\u2019s Sunday concerts at the Saville Theatre. With an approach strongly influenced by Jefferson Airplane's first two albums, as opposed to the electric traditional folk for which the group later became famous, the debut album features songs by Emitt Rhodes, Joni Mitchell and Jim & Jean, adaptations of poems by George Painter and Bob Dylan, and some original material. This is the only Fairport Convention studio album on which Judy Dyble sings. She was replaced in 1968 by Sandy Denny but during her short time with the band she made an impression, particularly through her on-stage habit of knitting dishcloths and scarves when not actually singing. The album should not be confused with the A&M Records' \"Fairport Convention\", the USA release/re-titling of their second UK album, \" What We Did On Our Holidays\". The first album, listed a product of Polydor-England, was finally released in the U.S. on Cotillion Records in 1970.", "Fairport Convention were soon playing regularly at underground venues such as UFO and The Electric Garden, which later became the Middle Earth club. After only a few months, they caught the attention of manager Joe Boyd who secured them a contract with Polydor Records. Boyd suggested they augment the line-up with another male vocalist. Singer Iain Matthews (then known as Ian MacDonald) joined the band and their first album, Fairport Convention, was recorded in late 1967 and released in June 1968. At this early stage Fairport looked to North American folk and folk rock acts such as Joni Mitchell, Bob Dylan, and The Byrds for material and inspiration. The name \"Fairport Convention\" and the use of two lead vocalists led many new listeners to believe that they were an American act, earning them the nickname 'the British Jefferson Airplane' during this period. Fairport Convention played alongside Jefferson Airplane at the First Isle of Wight Festival, 1968. After disappointing album sales they signed a new contract with Island Records. Before their next recording Judy Dyble was replaced by the band with Sandy Denny, a folk singer who had previously recorded as a soloist and with Strawbs. Denny's distinctive voice, described by Clive James as 'open space, low-volume, high-intensity', is one of the characteristics of two albums released in 1969: What We Did on Our Holidays and Unhalfbricking. These recordings marked the growth of much greater musicality and song-writing ability among the band. The first of these featured the Thompson-penned \"Meet on the Ledge\", which became their second single and eventually the band's unofficial anthem. During the recording of Unhalfbricking, Matthews left after having sung on only one song, eventually to form Matthews Southern Comfort. He was not replaced; the other male members covered his vocal parts.", "Richard Thompson discography The discography of Richard Thompson, an English singer/songwriter and guitarist, consists of 18 solo studio albums, three live albums and 16 singles, in addition to six studio albums and two live albums credited to Richard and Linda Thompson and five studio albums as a member of Fairport Convention, as well as a number of fan club and boutique label releases, soundtracks and collaborations. He has also appeared as a guest musician on the albums of a number of other artists. Soundtrack albums on which a Richard Thompson recording or composition are included are not shown here. Listed here are soundtracks in which Thompson was involved in the actual recording. In 2009 \"Time To Ring Some Changes\" from \"Hard Cash\" was included in Topic Records 70-year anniversary boxed set \"Three Score and Ten\" as track thirteen on the sixth CD. Only albums recorded whilst Richard Thompson was a member of Fairport Convention are listed here. After Thompson left the group, he continued to appear sporadically as a guest musician on subsequent albums, which are listed in the session work discography. For more details of Fairport Convention's album releases see Fairport Convention discography Albums on which Thompson has guested or worked as a session musician are not shown here. Listed here are albums on which Thompson played a significant creative role in the group or on the recording.", "The Woodworm studio was sold, and a new record label, Matty Grooves was established for the band and the group as a whole now organises the Cropredy Festival, now called Fairport's Cropredy Convention. Pegg also formed Peggy & PJ, a duo with guitarist PJ Wright, who had been lead guitar with the Steve Gibbons Band, touring smaller venues and producing an album \"Galileo's Apology\" in 2007, a collection of pop and folk-rock songs and instrumentals. Pegg also had a second 'birthday bash' at Birmingham Town Hall, released as \"Dave Pegg's 60th Birthday Bash\" (2008). In 2007 a retrospective of Pegg's career was launched. \" A Box of Pegg's\" contained four CDs, summarizing his work with Fairport Convention, Crawdaddy, Richard Thompson, Mike Heron, Steve Ashley, Jethro Tull, The Ian Campbell Folk Group and others. From 2010 to 2013 he appeared in France with the Breton band Red Cardell. Pegg lives in Banbury, Oxfordshire. He has a daughter, Stephanie, who works as a PR consultant: his son, Matt Pegg, is a bassist who has played with Procol Harum and Francis Dunnery. In 2002 Dave Pegg shared with other Fairport Convention members a 'Lifetime Achievement Award' at the 2002 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards. For Fairport Convention albums see Fairport Convention discography
For Jethro Tull albums see Jethro Tull discography"], "answer": {"text": "where they recuperated and worked on the integration of British folk music into rock and roll that would result in the fourth album Liege & Lief.", "answer_start": 570}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "who developed british folk rock?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did they do next?", "answer": {"text": "Usually considered the highpoint of the band's long career, Liege & Lief was a huge leap forward in concept and musicality. The", "answer_start": 716, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was their greatest achievement?", "answer": {"text": "Liege & Lief was launched with a sell-out concert in London's Royal Festival Hall late in 1969.", "answer_start": 1072, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_d038d4e0f9b047c082dcc6b221a62e4e_1_q#0", "question": "Whose independent career was the Hanson band?", "rewrite": "Whose independent career was the Hanson band?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Joel Hanson Joel Hanson was the lead singer and guitarist for Christian rock band PFR, which formed after Hanson played in groups known as the Joel Hanson Band and Inside Out. After the breakup of the band, he went on to a solo career with the albums \"Captured\", \"Broken\" and \"What If It Is\". Hanson is a songwriter who has collaborated with several artists across the music industry, including Sara Groves, Geoff Moore and Phil Keaggy. His brother, Jade, was the lead singer for the Christian rock band Believable Picnic. His albums include: Hanson has served on staff as worship leader for several churches including Church of the Open Door and Westwood Community Church.", "Usually the dramas Astro Wah Lai Toi played were the ones HK Jade played in the previous year. For instance, the dramas Astro Wah Lai Toi played in 2007 was the ones that have been played in 2006. The award was succeeded by My AOD Favourites Awards and TVB Star Awards Malaysia in 2010 and 2013, respectively. Furthermore, Astro Wah Lai Toi also holds many major events, such as Astro Star Quest, Miss Astro Chinese International Pageant, Astro Wah Lai Toi Drama Awards, etc. Astro Wah Lai Toi broadcasts HK major live events, but all charity programmes held by TVB are broadcast live by another channel which is Astro On Demand.", "JCS (band) JCS was a Filipino boy band formed by Star Magic. The group was named after the initials of the members' name. The group members are teenagers, and the music is directed at a teeny bopper audience. Dubbed as similar to Hanson Band and also known as \"The Hanson Band Of The Philippines\". There is a joyous, spirited feeling about much of the band's music, and it can be classified as lighthearted pop played with gumption. JCS released their self-titled debut album in 2000. Aside from guitars and drums, violins have a major role in the album, which are played by guest performers.", "Matroid minor In the mathematical theory of matroids, a minor of a matroid \"M\" is another matroid \"N\" that is obtained from \"M\" by a sequence of restriction and contraction operations. Matroid minors are closely related to graph minors, and the restriction and contraction operations by which they are formed correspond to edge deletion and edge contraction operations in graphs. The theory of matroid minors leads to structural decompositions of matroids, and characterizations of matroid families by forbidden minors, analogous to the corresponding theory in graphs. If \"M\" is a matroid on the set \"E\" and \"S\" is a subset of \"E\", then the restriction of \"M\" to \"S\", written \"M\" |\"S\", is the matroid on the set \"S\" whose independent sets are the independent sets of \"M\" that are contained in \"S\". Its circuits are the circuits of \"M\" that are contained in \"S\" and its rank function is that of \"M\" restricted to subsets of \"S\". If \"T\" is an independent subset of \"E\", the contraction of \"M\" by \"T\", written \"M\"/\"T\", is the matroid on the underlying set \"E \u2212 T\" whose independent sets are the sets whose union with \"T\" is independent in \"M\". This definition may be extended to arbitrary \"T\" by choosing a basis for \"T\" and defining a set to be independent in the contraction if its union with this basis remains independent in \"M\". The rank function of the contraction is formula_1 A matroid \"N\" is a minor of a matroid \"M\" if it can be constructed from \"M\" by restriction and contraction operations.", "PFR PFR is a Christian rock group from Minnesota. Although the group disbanded in 1997, they reunited in 2000 and have since recorded two albums. Their name was originally \"Pray for Rain\", but was changed to \"PFR\" to avoid a conflict with another musical group. PFR was founded in 1989 as the Joel Hanson Band by Joel Hanson, who was a camp counselor at Camp Shamineau, a Christian youth camp in Minnesota. In 1991, the band, now known as Inside Out, was signed to Brown Bannister's newly founded Vireo Records. After signing, Patrick Andrew suggested the band change the name to \"Pray for Rain\" after a line from a poem. In 1992, the band released \"Pray for Rain\", and gained some attention with the song \"Do You Want to Know Love\". Shortly after releasing the first album, an existing band (an instrumental group who did soundtrack work) known as Pray for Rain threatened a lawsuit, leading the band to settle on the name PFR. The first album was reissued with a slightly modified cover to reflect the change. In 1993, PFR released their second album, \"Goldie's Last Day\", whose title track was inspired by the passing of Patrick Andrew's pet golden retriever. Also that year, the band recorded a cover of \"We Can Work It Out\" by The Beatles with guitar legend Phil Keaggy for the various artists tribute CD \"\". Rumor has it that someone submitted the wrong mix to the label, and the released version unintentionally omits guitar solos by both Joel Hanson and Phil Keaggy. A mix with the guitar solos has never surfaced. PFR released their third album, \"Great Lengths\" in 1994. The album had the band's biggest hit, \"The Love I Know\", inspired by I Corinthians 13."], "answer": {"text": "In the early to mid-1990s, Isaac, Taylor and Zac sang a cappella and recorded such classic songs as \"Rockin' Robin\", \"Splish Splash\" and \"Johnny B. Goode\",", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d038d4e0f9b047c082dcc6b221a62e4e_1_q#1", "question": "Which other songs did they record?", "rewrite": "Which other songs did Hanson record besides \"Rockin' Robin\", \"Splish Splash\" and \"Johnny B. Goode\"?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the early to mid-1990s, Isaac, Taylor and Zac sang a cappella and recorded such classic songs as \"Rockin' Robin\", \"Splish Splash\" and \"Johnny B. Goode\", as well as their own material. Their first performance as a professional group took place in 1992 at the Mayfest Arts Festival in Tulsa. They were known as the Hanson Brothers, before shortening the name to Hanson in 1993. Hanson also appeared on Carman's Yo! Kidz: The Vidz, which cast Taylor as a young Biblical David facing Goliath, Isaac as an event announcer, and Zac and other members of the family in the stands cheering on this \"sporting event\". All three boys started their musical careers as pianists, but Isaac eventually started playing guitar and Zac started playing drums, while Taylor continued as the keyboard player. The band recorded two independent albums in their hometown of Tulsa, Boomerang (recorded in autumn 1994, released in 1995) and MMMBop (released in 1996). The latter featured the original version of the song \"MMMBop\", which would later become the runaway single on their debut commercial record Middle of Nowhere. The boys then found themselves at the South By Southwest (aka SXSW) music festival in Austin, Texas. There, they were promptly signed by manager Christopher Sabec. He shopped them to several record companies, most of which dismissed the band as either a novelty or fraud before Steve Greenberg, an A&R representative for Mercury Records, heard them play a set at the Wisconsin State Fair. After this performance, they were signed almost immediately by Mercury. They soon became a worldwide sensation with the release of their first major-label album, Middle of Nowhere, which was produced by Stephen Lironi and the Dust Brothers.", "Berry, in accordance with his custom, first recorded the intro and rhythm guitar and later overdubbed the other solo runs. Berry wrote four more songs involving the character Johnny B. Goode, \"Bye Bye Johnny\", \"Go Go Go\", \"Johnny B. Blues\" and \"Lady B. Goode\"; and titled an album, and the nearly 19-minute instrumental title track from it, as \"Concerto in B. Goode\". In \"The Guardian\", Joe Queenan wrote that \"Johnny B. Goode\" is \"probably the first song ever written about how much money a musician could make by playing the guitar\", and argued that \"no song in the history of rock'n'roll more jubilantly celebrates the downmarket socioeconomic roots of the genre\". In \"Billboard\", Jason Lipshutz stated that the song was \"the first rock-star origin story\", and that it featured \"a swagger and showmanship that had not yet invaded radio.\" When Chuck Berry was inducted during the first Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremony on January 23, 1986, he performed \"Johnny B. Goode\" and \"Rock and Roll Music\", backed by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band. The Hall of Fame included these songs and \"Maybellene\" in their list of the 500 songs that shaped rock and roll. It was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999, for its influence as a rock and roll single. \"Johnny B. Goode\" has been recorded by a wide variety of artists in different genres. In 1969, country musician Buck Owens's version topped \"Billboard\" magazine's Hot Country Sides chart. In 1972, Jimi Hendrix had a posthumous hit with a live version, which peaked at number 35 on the UK Singles Chart. and number 13 on the New Zealand Top 50 in 1986.", "Splish Splash Splish Splash is a water park in Calverton, New York. It features 30 rides and runs from May through September. Travel Channel ranked Splish Splash the third best water park in the United States in the year 2009, but does not hold the title anymore. Splish Splash was built in 1989, headed by Chip Cleary with the original owners being the same as Adventureland. It opened in May 1991 with three body slides, two speed slides, two kiddie pools, two tube slides, a lazy river, and a restaurant. In 1995, the Lazy River opened. The park has been owned and operated by Palace Entertainment since 2001. Today the lazy river is long and is accompanied by 18 water slides, 2 wave pools, several kiddie attractions, and a spray and play pirate theme attraction. It spans over . In 2006, Splish Splash added a new funnel-shaped ride called Alien Invasion. In July 2008, they announced that they would be adding 7 rides over the next few years, including Dr. Von Dark's Tunnel of Terror for 2009, Kahuna Bay for 2011, Bootlegger's Run for 2013, The Battle of Mutiny Bay for 2014, and two new rides introduced in 2018, Riptide Racer and Bombs Away. Times vary throughout the season", "Splish Splash (song) \"Splish Splash\" is a 1958 novelty rock song performed and co-written by Bobby Darin. It was written with DJ Murray the K (Murray Kaufman), who bet that Darin could not write a song that began with the words, \"Splish Splash, I was takin' a bath\", as suggested by Murray's mother, Jean Kaufman. The song was credited to Darin and \"Jean Murray\" (a combination of their names) to avoid any hint of payola. It was Darin's first hit and the song helped to give him a major boost in his career, reaching No. 3 on the U.S. pop singles chart and No. 2 on the R&B Best Sellers chart. \" Splish Splash\" was Darin's only entry on the C&W Best Sellers in Stores chart, where it peaked at No. 14. In a 1967 interview, Darin claimed that he was so happy about having his first hit that his skin condition cleared up. \"Splish Splash\" was recorded in a session at New York's Atlantic Studios on the evening of April 10, 1958. The personnel on the original recording included Jesse Powell on tenor sax, Al Caiola, Billy Mure on guitar, Wendell Marshall on bass, and Panama Francis on drums. The lyrics mention several characters from other songs of the period, including \"Lollipop\", \"Peggy Sue\", and \"Good Golly Miss Molly\". However, in an interview, former classmate Jerrold Atlas claimed that \"Miss Molly\" referred to Molly Epstein, Darin's former English teacher at the Bronx High School of Science. \"She taught him to use the language in staccato notes: short fast, words... She was very fond of Bobby. Bobby told me she sharpened his respect for language\".", "In the early to mid-1990s, Isaac, Taylor and Zac sang a cappella and recorded such classic songs as \"Rockin' Robin\", \"Splish Splash\" and \"Johnny B. Goode\", as well as their own material. Their first performance as a professional group took place in 1992 at the Mayfest Arts Festival in Tulsa. They were known as the Hanson Brothers, before shortening the name to Hanson in 1993. Hanson also appeared on Carman's Yo! Kidz: The Vidz, which cast Taylor as a young Biblical David facing Goliath, Isaac as an event announcer, and Zac and other members of the family in the stands cheering on this \"sporting event\". All three boys started their musical careers as pianists, but Isaac eventually started playing guitar and Zac started playing drums, while Taylor continued as the keyboard player. The band recorded two independent albums in their hometown of Tulsa, Boomerang (recorded in autumn 1994, released in 1995) and MMMBop (released in 1996). The latter featured the original version of the song \"MMMBop\", which would later become the runaway single on their debut commercial record Middle of Nowhere. The boys then found themselves at the South By Southwest (aka SXSW) music festival in Austin, Texas. There, they were promptly signed by manager Christopher Sabec. He shopped them to several record companies, most of which dismissed the band as either a novelty or fraud before Steve Greenberg, an A&R representative for Mercury Records, heard them play a set at the Wisconsin State Fair. After this performance, they were signed almost immediately by Mercury. They soon became a worldwide sensation with the release of their first major-label album, Middle of Nowhere, which was produced by Stephen Lironi and the Dust Brothers."], "answer": {"text": "The band recorded two independent albums in their hometown of Tulsa, Boomerang (recorded in autumn 1994, released in 1995) and MMMBop (released in 1996).", "answer_start": 790}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Whose independent career was the Hanson band?", "answer": {"text": "In the early to mid-1990s, Isaac, Taylor and Zac sang a cappella and recorded such classic songs as \"Rockin' Robin\", \"Splish Splash\" and \"Johnny B. Goode\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d038d4e0f9b047c082dcc6b221a62e4e_1_q#2", "question": "Did those two albums feature their a cappella singing?", "rewrite": "Did Boomerand and MMMBop feature Hanson's a cappella singing?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["3 Car Garage 3 Car Garage: The Indie Recordings '95\u2013'96, also known simply as 3 Car Garage, is a compilation album by American pop rock group Hanson. It consists of material from their \"MMMBop\" demo album minus four tracks. There is much confusion that \"3 Car Garage\" contains tracks from both the \"MMMBop\" and \"Boomerang\" demo albums, when actually, only songs from \"MMMBop\" are present. The tracks that never made it from \"MMMBop\" to \"3 Car Garage\" are the shorter version of \"MMMBop\", \"Something New\", \"Incredible\", and \"Baby (You're So Fine)\". As the songs on this album were recorded a year or two before \"Middle of Nowhere\", the brothers' voices are noticeably higher pitched. The album also contains the original version of the hit song \"MMMBop\", which was a rock ballad, unlike the up-tempo pop version that became a hit.", "MMMBop (album) MMMBop is a demo album by American pop rock group Hanson, released in 1996 independently after \"Boomerang\" (1995). It contains a few tracks that were later re-recorded for their debut studio album \"Middle of Nowhere\" (1997). Of these tracks, the titular \"MMMBop\" is the most noteworthy, with this original version being just slightly longer than its counterpart on \"Middle of Nowhere\". Eleven of these tracks were also re-released on \"3 Car Garage\" (1998). This album was not available in many stores and was sold primarily at Hanson's early concerts. Only a few hundred copies of this album were ever produced. It is sought after as a collector's item and it is uncommon to find a copy that is for sale. \"MMMBop\" was released on CD and cassette tape formats (the latter of which seems to be easier to find). All songs written by Isaac Hanson, Taylor Hanson and Zachary Hanson.", "In the early to mid-1990s, Isaac, Taylor and Zac sang a cappella and recorded such classic songs as \"Rockin' Robin\", \"Splish Splash\" and \"Johnny B. Goode\", as well as their own material. Their first performance as a professional group took place in 1992 at the Mayfest Arts Festival in Tulsa. They were known as the Hanson Brothers, before shortening the name to Hanson in 1993. Hanson also appeared on Carman's Yo! Kidz: The Vidz, which cast Taylor as a young Biblical David facing Goliath, Isaac as an event announcer, and Zac and other members of the family in the stands cheering on this \"sporting event\". All three boys started their musical careers as pianists, but Isaac eventually started playing guitar and Zac started playing drums, while Taylor continued as the keyboard player. The band recorded two independent albums in their hometown of Tulsa, Boomerang (recorded in autumn 1994, released in 1995) and MMMBop (released in 1996). The latter featured the original version of the song \"MMMBop\", which would later become the runaway single on their debut commercial record Middle of Nowhere. The boys then found themselves at the South By Southwest (aka SXSW) music festival in Austin, Texas. There, they were promptly signed by manager Christopher Sabec. He shopped them to several record companies, most of which dismissed the band as either a novelty or fraud before Steve Greenberg, an A&R representative for Mercury Records, heard them play a set at the Wisconsin State Fair. After this performance, they were signed almost immediately by Mercury. They soon became a worldwide sensation with the release of their first major-label album, Middle of Nowhere, which was produced by Stephen Lironi and the Dust Brothers.", "Taylor Hanson Jordan Taylor Hanson (born March 14, 1983) is an American musician best known as a member of the pop rock band Hanson. He was born in Jenks, Oklahoma, a suburb of Tulsa. He sings both lead and back-up vocals, and plays keyboard, percussion (including drums, bongos and the tambourine), guitar, harmonica, and piano. He is also the lead singer of supergroup Tinted Windows. Taylor was born in a suburb of Tulsa, Oklahoma, the second of seven children born to Clarke Walker Hanson and Diana Frances Hanson. His siblings are Isaac, Zac, Jessica, Avery, Mackenzie (Joshua) and Zo\u00e9. Taylor sings and plays keyboard and the piano with the band Hanson. He and his older brother, Isaac, started the band with younger brother Zac in 1992, and were initially known as The Hanson Brothers (later changed to just 'Hanson'). At the time, Isaac was eleven, Taylor was nine, and Zac was six. They performed as an a cappella group outside clubs in Tulsa. On May 6, 1997, the band released their first major studio album, \"Middle of Nowhere\", with Mercury Records. The first single, \"MMMBop\", made it to number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. May 6 has been declared \"Hanson Day\" in Tulsa in honor of the release of \"Middle of Nowhere\". Taylor Hanson is a co-founder and co-CEO of 3CG Records, along with brothers Isaac and Zac Hanson. It was announced in early 2009 that Taylor, along with former Smashing Pumpkins guitarist James Iha, Cheap Trick drummer Bun E. Carlos and Fountains of Wayne bassist Adam Schlesinger, formed a new band called Tinted Windows. The band played their first publicized gig at SXSW in Austin, Texas on March 20, 2009.", "MMMBop \"MMMBop\" is a song written and performed by the American pop rock band Hanson. It was released in April 1997 as the lead single from their debut full length studio album, \"Middle of Nowhere\" (1997). The song was nominated for two Grammys at the 40th Annual Grammy Awards and is the band's most successful single to date. \" MMMBop\" was a major success worldwide, reaching number one in at least 12 countries, including Australia, Canada, Germany, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States. It was voted the best single of the year in \"The Village Voice\" Pazz & Jop critics poll, while also topping critics' polls from such media as \"Rolling Stone\", \"Spin\", and VH1, and was ranked No. 20 on VH1's \"100 Greatest Songs of the 90s\", as well as No. 98 on VH1's \"100 Greatest Songs of the Past 25 Years\". The song originally appeared on the 1996 independent album \"MMMBop\" with a slower tempo, but was reworked as an upbeat pop track by hit producers The Dust Brothers. In an August 2004 interview with Songfacts, Zac Hanson explained the song's origins: \"MMMBop\" written by Isaac Hanson, Taylor Hanson and Zac Hanson. CD single US 7\" single US 12 \" single"], "answer": {"text": "All three boys started their musical careers as pianists, but Isaac eventually started playing guitar and Zac started playing drums, while Taylor continued as the keyboard player.", "answer_start": 610}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Whose independent career was the Hanson band?", "answer": {"text": "In the early to mid-1990s, Isaac, Taylor and Zac sang a cappella and recorded such classic songs as \"Rockin' Robin\", \"Splish Splash\" and \"Johnny B. Goode\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which other songs did they record?", "answer": {"text": "The band recorded two independent albums in their hometown of Tulsa, Boomerang (recorded in autumn 1994, released in 1995) and MMMBop (released in 1996).", "answer_start": 790, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d038d4e0f9b047c082dcc6b221a62e4e_1_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about the Hanson in addition to their independent career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Starbomb went on to release their second album one year later December 2014, titled \"Player Select\". In early 2016, Hanson performed with Starbomb at their first live event at SXSW. On April 15, 2014, Fat Refund, a rap song, was released on the channel StamperTV, a collaboration between several animators and voice actors including Rice Pirate, Marc M., Stamper, and Hanson himself. Hanson also provided spoken vocals for several songs by Tupper Ware Remix Party. Starbomb released their third album on April 19, 2019. In 2013, Hanson made an appearance on the webseries \"Hot Pepper Gaming\". He reviewed \"Monster Hunter 3 Ultimate\" after eating a habanero pepper. In 2014, he returned to the show, reviewing the game \"\" whilst eating a Bhut Jolokia. In 2015, Hanson later appeared on the show, reviewing the game \"\" whilst eating Sichuan peppers. Hanson also starred alongside Avidan in \"Good Game\", a YouTube Premium Original Series. In addition to acting in the series, Hanson also served as an executive producer. In January 2018, Hanson and \"Game Grumps\" manager Brent Lilley co-founded tour management company Real Good Touring, which organizes tours for internet personalities and independent performers. Hanson moved from his parents\u2019 house in West Palm Beach, Florida to California in July 2009. Hanson lives in Glendale, California, with his wife, Suzanne \"Suzy\" Berhow. The two met at a convention and started dating in 2002; Hanson proposed to her in 2011, and they married in 2013 at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Berhow also has her own gaming channel under the pseudonym Mortem3r, titled \"KittyKatGaming\", on which Hanson is often featured. Hanson's mother is Maurette Hanson.", "Alexander Contee Hanson Sr. Alexander Contee Hanson Sr. (October 22, 1749 \u2013 January 16, 1806) was an attorney who served as Chancellor of Maryland from 1789 until his death. Alexander Contee Hanson was born in Maryland on October 22, 1749. He was the eldest son of John Hanson and Jane (n\u00e9e Contee) Hanson. His father was a Revolutionary War financier and statesman, who was a signer of the Articles of Confederation and first President of the Congress created by those Articles. Alexander Hanson was educated at the College of Philadelphia and read law in Annapolis. His brother, Peter Contee Hanson, died in the battle of Fort Washington during the War. His paternal grandparents were Samuel Hanson and Elizabeth (n\u00e9e Storey) Hanson. After his legal education, he planned to travel to England to be ordained for the ministry of the Protestant Episcopal Church, but his voyage ended in a shipwreck. He was rescued and taken to Philadelphia, where he became the Assistant Private Secretary to General George Washington. Hanson's cousin, and the future appointee to the Chancellorship, Colonel Robert Hanson Harrison was Washington's Chief Secretary. In 1776, Hanson fell ill, and after two months service, had to leave General Washington's service. Hanson visited headquarters just after the battle of Brandywine, and was present when the two armies, just on the eve of battle, were separated by a violent rain. Still very ill, Hanson accompanied Washington to a farmer's house, where Washington offered him his bed. Alexander Hamilton lay down on the floor in the corner, and afterwards Colonel Hanson would good-humoredly remark that he \"never saw a man look so like a cat\". On February 12, 1778, Hanson returned to Annapolis with Governor William Paca and Nicholas Thomas. Hanson was then appointed Judge of the General Court under the Constitution of 1776.", "In 1980, Hanson (then Pauline Zagorski) married Mark Hanson, a divorced tradesman working on the Gold Coast in Queensland. They honeymooned in South-East Asia. Mark Hanson had a daughter, Amanda (born 1977), from his previous marriage, and he later had two children with Hanson: Adam (born 1981) and Lee (born 1984). Together they established a trades and construction business, in which Hanson was in charge of the administrative and bookkeeping work, and would on occasions assist her husband on more practical work. Hanson has written about her difficult marriage, where alcohol and domestic violence impacted her family. They divorced in 1987. In 1988, Hanson began a relationship with Morrie Marsden, a businessman in Queensland. Together, they established a catering service under the holding company Marsden Hanson Pty Ltd, and operated from their fish and chips store, Marsden's Seafood, in Silkstone, Queensland. Marsden worked on Hanson's campaign for political office in the seat of Oxley in 1996, and was a member of her staff after her election. When Hanson began to receive national and international media attention for her views, Marsden left the relationship. Hanson had begun a relationship with Ipswich man Rick Gluyas in 1994. Gluyas encouraged her to run as a candidate in the 1994 Ipswich City Council election, in which he also ran. Both were elected. Hanson and Gluyas ended their relationship some time after this, with Hanson retaining the home and property they had owned jointly at Coleyville, near Ipswich. In 1996, Hanson began a relationship with David Oldfield. In 2000, all of Hanson's relations with Oldfield ended when he was dismissed from Pauline Hanson's One Nation. In 2005, Hanson began a relationship with Chris Callaghan, a country music singer and political activist.", "Robert Hanson (financier) The Hon. Robert William Hanson (born 3 October 1960) is a British financier and business man. He is chairman of Hanson Family Holdings, a private company which owns businesses in the fields of logistics, investment banking, news media, and chemicals. Hanson is the elder son of James Hanson, by his marriage in 1959 to Geraldine Kaelin, an American. He had a younger brother, Brook Hanson (1964\u20132014). Educated at Eton and St Peter's College, Oxford, Hanson's first job was as an assistant keeper of reptiles at the Windsor Safari Park. In the 1980s, Hanson joined N M Rothschild & Sons, then went to work for his father, who was created a life peer in 1983. At the end of 1997 Hanson resigned from his father's public company, when it was broken up, to become chairman of Hanson Transport Group. In 1998 he founded Hanson Capital, a group of financial services companies aiming to capitalise on his worldwide network of relationships with major investors. This continues as part of the present group of companies. Hanson is now the chairman of Hanson Family Holdings, a private company which owns a wide range of businesses in logistics, investment banking and chemicals around the world. In 2010 Hanson was sued for \u00a3358,000 by David Newnham, the former chief executive of Pierre Woodman's pornographic film company, claiming Hanson had guaranteed the payment of his salary. In 2013 Hanson used Hanson Family Holdings to buy Venezuela's best-selling newspaper, \"Ultimas Noticias\", for a figure reported as $US98 million. In 2014, he was accused by newspaper staff of turning it into \"a Socialist Party mouthpiece\", but the editor, Hector Davila, replied that his only instructions from Hanson were \"to run a balanced and profitable newspaper\".", "Randy Hanson Randy Hanson (born January 17, 1968 in Sacramento, CA) began the 2009 season as a National Football League (NFL) assistant coach for the Oakland Raiders. Hanson was put on a paid leave-of-absence in August 2009 following an alleged incident with Head Coach Tom Cable where Hanson suffered a broken jaw. Hanson returned to the Raiders in early December 2009 where he was reassigned to the team's scouting department. Hanson played quarterback at Stockton Delta Junior College in 1987, Walla Walla Community College from 1988\u201389, and Pacific University (Forest Grove, Ore.) from 1990-91. Hanson began his coaching career as the Assistant Defensive Backs coach at Eastern Washington University (1993\u20131995). He then became a Graduate Assistant coach on Defense at the University of Washington (1996\u20131997) before returning to EWU as Secondary coach (1998\u20131999). From (2000\u201302) he was the Secondary coach at Portland State and added the role of Special Teams Coordinator. (2001\u20132002) In 2003, Hanson was hired by Mike Tice as an Offensive Quality Control coach for the Minnesota Vikings. In 2005, Hanson was promoted by the Minnesota Vikings to Assistant Quarterbacks coach. In 2006, Hanson was hired by Scott Linehan as an Offensive Quality Control coach for the St. Louis Rams. In 2007, Hanson joined the Oakland Raiders where he served under Defensive Coordinator Rob Ryan as Assistant Secondary Coach. In January (2009) the Oakland Raiders promoted Hanson to Assistant Coach-Defense. Hanson was reassigned to the team's scouting department in December 2009 On August 5, 2009, Hanson and Raiders head coach Tom Cable were involved in an altercation that resulted in the breaking of Hanson's jaw. Hanson was placed on paid administrative leave. On October 22, 2009, the Napa District Attorney announced that no charges would be filed against Cable."], "answer": {"text": "The boys then found themselves at the South By Southwest (aka SXSW) music festival in Austin,", "answer_start": 1103}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Whose independent career was the Hanson band?", "answer": {"text": "In the early to mid-1990s, Isaac, Taylor and Zac sang a cappella and recorded such classic songs as \"Rockin' Robin\", \"Splish Splash\" and \"Johnny B. Goode\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which other songs did they record?", "answer": {"text": "The band recorded two independent albums in their hometown of Tulsa, Boomerang (recorded in autumn 1994, released in 1995) and MMMBop (released in 1996).", "answer_start": 790, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did those two albums feature their a cappella singing?", "answer": {"text": "All three boys started their musical careers as pianists, but Isaac eventually started playing guitar and Zac started playing drums, while Taylor continued as the keyboard player.", "answer_start": 610, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d038d4e0f9b047c082dcc6b221a62e4e_1_q#4", "question": "Did they perform at that festival?", "rewrite": "Did the Hanson perform at South By Southwest festival?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["R-factor (crystallography) In crystallography, the R-factor (sometimes called residual factor or reliability factor or the R-value or R) is a measure of the agreement between the crystallographic model and the experimental X-ray diffraction data. In other words, it is a measure of how well the refined structure predicts the observed data. The value is also sometimes called the discrepancy index, as it mathematically describes the difference between the experimental observations and the ideal calculated values. It is defined by the following equation: where \"F\" is the so-called structure factor and the sum extends over all the reflections of X-rays measured and their calculated counterparts respectively. The structure factor is closely related to the intensity of the reflection it describes: The minimum possible value is zero, indicating perfect agreement between experimental observations and the structure factors predicted from the model. There is no theoretical maximum, but in practice, values are considerably less than one even for poor models, provided the model includes a suitable scale factor. Random experimental errors in the data contribute to formula_3 even for a perfect model, and these have more leverage when the data are weak or few, such as for a low-resolution data set. Model inadequacies such as incorrect or missing parts and unmodeled disorder are the other main contributors to formula_3, making it useful to assess the progress and final result of a crystallographic model refinement. For large molecules, the R-factor usually ranges between 0.6 (when computed for a random model and against an experimental data set) and 0.2 (for example for a well refined macro-molecular model at a resolution of 2.5 \u00c5ngstr\u00f6m). Small molecules (up to \"ca\".", "People and collaborative internet utilities can be described as actor-networks; the subitizing limit (and history) suggests people left to their own devices cannot fully harness the mental power of crowds; Metcalfe's law suggests that as the number of nodes increases, the value of collaborative actor-networks increases exponentially; collaborative internet utilities effectively increase the subitizing limit; and at some macro scale, these interactive collaborative actor-networks can be described by the same rules that govern Parallel Distributed Processing resulting in crowd sourcing that acts as a type of distributed collective consciousness. The Internet assumes the role of totemic religious figurehead uniting the members of society through mechanical solidarity forming a collective consciousness. Through many-to-many collaborative internet utilities, the Webeaucracy is empowered as never before. Social networks were not the only instrument for rebels to coordinate their efforts and communicate. In the countries with the lowest Internet penetration and the limited role of social networks, such as Yemen and Libya, the role of mainstream electronic media devices \u2013 cell phones, emails, and video clips (e.g. YouTube) was very important to cast the light on the situation in the country and spread the word about the protests in the outside world. In Egypt, in Cairo particularly, mosques were one of the main platforms to coordinate the protest actions and raise awareness to the masses. Conversely, scholarship literature on the Middle East, political scientist Gregory Gause has found, had failed to predict the events of the Arab uprisings. Commenting on an early article by Gause whose review of a decade of Middle Eastern studies led him to conclude that almost no scholar foresaw what was coming, Chair of Ottoman and Turkish Studies at", "Sophia (robot) Sophia is a social humanoid robot developed by Hong Kong based company Hanson Robotics. Sophia was activated on February 14, 2016, and made its first public appearance at South by Southwest Festival (SXSW) in mid-March 2016 in Austin, Texas, United States. It is able to display more than 50 facial expressions. Sophia has been covered by media around the globe and has participated in many high-profile interviews. In October 2017, Sophia became the first robot to receive citizenship of any country. In November 2017, Sophia was named the United Nations Development Programme's first ever Innovation Champion, and is the first non-human to be given any United Nations title. Sophia was activated on February 14, 2016. The robot, modeled after actress Audrey Hepburn, is known for human-like appearance and behavior compared to previous robotic variants. According to the manufacturer, David Hanson, Sophia uses artificial intelligence, visual data processing and facial recognition. Sophia also imitates human gestures and facial expressions and is able to answer certain questions and to make simple conversations on predefined topics (e.g. on the weather). Sophia uses voice recognition (speech-to-text) technology from Alphabet Inc. (parent company of Google) and is designed to get smarter over time. Her speech-synthesis ability is provided by Cereproc's Text-to-Speech engine and also allows her to sing. Sophia's intelligence software is designed by Hanson Robotics. The AI program analyses conversations and extracts data that allows it to improve responses in the future. Hanson designed Sophia to be a suitable companion for the elderly at nursing homes, or to help crowds at large events or parks. He has said that he hopes that the robot can ultimately interact with other humans sufficiently to gain social skills. Sophia has nine robot humanoid \u201csiblings\u201d who were also created by Hanson Robotics.", "The Middle East and North Africa used texting, emailing, and blogging only to organize and communicate information about internal local protests. A study by Zeynep Tufekci of the University of North Carolina and Christopher Wilson of the United Nations Development Program concluded that \"social media in general, and Facebook in particular, provided new sources of information the regime could not easily control and were crucial in shaping how citizens made individual decisions about participating in protests, the logistics of protest, and the likelihood of success.\" Marc Lynch of George Washington University said, \"while social media boosters envisioned the creation of a new public sphere based on dialogue and mutual respect, the reality is that Islamists and their adversaries retreat to their respective camps, reinforcing each other's prejudices while throwing the occasional rhetorical bomb across the no-man's land that the center has become.\" Lynch also stated in a Foreign Policy article, \"There is something very different about scrolling through pictures and videos of unified, chanting Yemeni or Egyptian crowds demanding democratic change and waking up to a gory image of a headless 6-year-old girl on your Facebook news feed.\" In the months leading up to events in Tunisia, Department of Homeland Security, Customs and Border Protection, Communications Program Manager Jonathan Stevens predicted the use of \"Collaborative Internet Utilities\" to effect governmental change. In his thesis, Webeaucracy: The Collaborative Revolution, Stevens put forth that unlike writing, printing, and telecommunications, \"collaborative internet utilities\" denote a sea-change in the ability of crowds to effect social change.", "That November, HipHopDX published a story on the filmmaker Art Hooker, who was working on the documentary film \"Unashamed\", which traces the rise of Reach Records and 116 Clique and their contribution to the global underground Christian hip hop movement. DaSouth.com noted the high level of activity by the label in 2011, and considered the biggest move that the label that year was its \"Man Up\" campaign, a multimedia initiative by 116 Clique which featured a studio album, full-length film, and accompanying curriculum, panel discussion, and concert tour. In 2012 Reach continued to bring Christian Hip Hop into the mainstream market when it became the first record label to hold its own showcase at the South by Southwest festival. Sketch the Journalist mentioned on DaSouth.com that the appearance of Reach was part of a larger surge of hip hop artists, both Christian and non-Christian, at the festival, as according to him \"many are saying that 2012 was the year hip hop took over the South by Southwest festival.\" \"XXL\" noted that the label had \"a string of well-received and commercially successful album releases and tours\" that allowed it to become more prominent. Trip Lee released \"The Good Life\", topping the Christian and Gospel charts and reaching No. 3 on the Rap chart , KB debuted his first studio album, \"Weight & Glory\", at No. 1 on the Christian and Gospel charts and No. 9 on the Independent chart, and Lecrae released both his highly popular mixtape, \"Church Clothes\", and his Grammy Award-winning sixth album \"Gravity\", which debuted at No. 3 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and topped the Gospel, Christian, Independent, and Rap charts. In 2013, label affiliates were part of DJ Don Cannon's showcase at South by Southwest."], "answer": {"text": "There, they were promptly signed by manager Christopher Sabec. He shopped them to several record companies,", "answer_start": 1204}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Whose independent career was the Hanson band?", "answer": {"text": "In the early to mid-1990s, Isaac, Taylor and Zac sang a cappella and recorded such classic songs as \"Rockin' Robin\", \"Splish Splash\" and \"Johnny B. Goode\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which other songs did they record?", "answer": {"text": "The band recorded two independent albums in their hometown of Tulsa, Boomerang (recorded in autumn 1994, released in 1995) and MMMBop (released in 1996).", "answer_start": 790, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did those two albums feature their a cappella singing?", "answer": {"text": "All three boys started their musical careers as pianists, but Isaac eventually started playing guitar and Zac started playing drums, while Taylor continued as the keyboard player.", "answer_start": 610, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The boys then found themselves at the South By Southwest (aka SXSW) music festival in Austin,", "answer_start": 1103, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d038d4e0f9b047c082dcc6b221a62e4e_1_q#5", "question": "Which record company signed them?", "rewrite": "Which record company signed the Hanson?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1980, Hanson (then Pauline Zagorski) married Mark Hanson, a divorced tradesman working on the Gold Coast in Queensland. They honeymooned in South-East Asia. Mark Hanson had a daughter, Amanda (born 1977), from his previous marriage, and he later had two children with Hanson: Adam (born 1981) and Lee (born 1984). Together they established a trades and construction business, in which Hanson was in charge of the administrative and bookkeeping work, and would on occasions assist her husband on more practical work. Hanson has written about her difficult marriage, where alcohol and domestic violence impacted her family. They divorced in 1987. In 1988, Hanson began a relationship with Morrie Marsden, a businessman in Queensland. Together, they established a catering service under the holding company Marsden Hanson Pty Ltd, and operated from their fish and chips store, Marsden's Seafood, in Silkstone, Queensland. Marsden worked on Hanson's campaign for political office in the seat of Oxley in 1996, and was a member of her staff after her election. When Hanson began to receive national and international media attention for her views, Marsden left the relationship. Hanson had begun a relationship with Ipswich man Rick Gluyas in 1994. Gluyas encouraged her to run as a candidate in the 1994 Ipswich City Council election, in which he also ran. Both were elected. Hanson and Gluyas ended their relationship some time after this, with Hanson retaining the home and property they had owned jointly at Coleyville, near Ipswich. In 1996, Hanson began a relationship with David Oldfield. In 2000, all of Hanson's relations with Oldfield ended when he was dismissed from Pauline Hanson's One Nation. In 2005, Hanson began a relationship with Chris Callaghan, a country music singer and political activist.", "Hurdle noted that Hanson would likely be recalled again later in the season, but still had yet to prove himself in Triple-A. Hanson said that, when he called his mother to tell her the news, she accidentally hung up and celebrated, while Hanson waited in silence for nearly 10 minutes. On May 17, Hanson made his big league debut, striking out in a pinch-hit appearance. On May 18, Hanson recorded his first MLB hit. Entering the game in the 5th inning as a pinch hitter, Hanson reached base on an infield hit. Hanson said after the game that he planned to send the ball to his home in the Dominican Republic as a present for his mother. Hanson, out of minor league options, opened the 2017 season on the Pirates MLB roster. He was designated for assignment on June 2. On June 9, 2017 the Chicago White Sox claimed Hanson off waivers. Hanson was added to the team's 25-man roster the following day. On December 1, 2017, Hanson was non-tendered and became a free agent. Hanson signed a minor league contract with the San Francisco Giants on December 22, 2017, receiving a non-roster invitation to spring training. He began the 2018 season with the Sacramento River Cats of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League. After a hand injury to starting second baseman Joe Panik, Hanson was promoted by the Giants on April 28 after hitting .403 in 62 at bats for the River Cats with five doubles and three home runs. On March 28, 2019, Hanson was designated for assignment after failing to make the Opening Day roster. On April 2, 2019, the Giants traded Hanson, Derek Law, and Juan De Paula to the Toronto Blue Jays for Kevin Pillar. Hanson was called up by the Blue Jays on April 4. He was designated for assignment on May 3. He was outrighted to the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons on May 7.", "That same year, the company signed another contract with Hyundai for distribution of their vehicles. In 2000, the company bought the bankrupted Soviet LuAZ based in Lutsk (Volyn Oblast), and during the same period, started to produce its own cars based on the Russian AvtoVAZ. In 2003, the company's began exporting the buses. In 2004, the company signed a general agreement with Isuzu to use the Isuzu brand on the company's exported buses. In 2005, the company Bogdan Motors became a corporation. In 2000, the company bought out the bankrupt Soviet LuAZ based in Lutsk (Volyn Oblast) and shortly thereafter started to make its own cars based on the Russian AvtoVAZ. In 2003, the company's began exporting the buses. In 2004, the company signed a general agreement with Isuzu to use the Isuzu brand on the company's exported buses. In 2005, the company Bogdan Motors became a corporation. In 2013 Chinese carmaker Anhui Jianghuai Automobile (JAC Motors) has launched CKD assembly of the J5 sedan in Ukraine. In 2014 the company developed the 'Bars' (panther) multifunctional light armored vehicle to be used by the National Guard of Ukraine. Bogdan Bars-8 is based on Dodge Ram chassis. ElectronMash plant is an up-to-date enterprise of Electron corporation, which specializes on production of special off-road all-wheel drive vehicles \u2013 trucks of multifunctional purpose, used in public services, and ambulances. Considering the best foreign experience, low-cargo trucks of multifunctional purpose, unique in the countries of CIS, were worked out by the designers of the enterprise.", "Alen Hanson Alen Rery Hanson Michel (born October 22, 1992) is a Dominican professional baseball infielder who is a free agent. A second baseman and outfielder, Hanson made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut with the Pittsburgh Pirates on May 17, 2016, and has also played for the Chicago White Sox, San Francisco Giants, and Toronto Blue Jays On July 14, 2009, the Pittsburgh Pirates signed Hanson as an international free agent for $90,000. In 2010, Hanson played his first year of rookie-level Minor League Baseball as a member of the Gulf Coast League Pirates. In the 68 games he played in 2010, Hanson hit .324 with 28 runs batted in, 7 triples, and 20 stolen bases. In 2011, Hanson again played for the GCL Pirates. In 52 games, Hanson hit .263 with 35 RBIs, 7 triples, and 24 stolen bases. Hanson's 7 triples led the Gulf Coast League in 2011. In July 2012, Hanson was named the 40th-best prospect in baseball by Baseball America in their Midseason Top 50 Prospects List. Hanson spent the 2012 season with the Pirates' Class A affiliate, the West Virginia Power of the South Atlantic League. Hanson had a strong season for the Power. He played 124 games and hit .309 with 16 home runs, 62 runs batted in, 13 triples, 39 stolen bases, 55 walks, and 99 runs scored. He was named an All-Star. Prior to the 2013 season, Hanson was ranked as the 54th-best prospect in baseball by MLB.com, and the 61st-best prospect by Baseball America. Hanson began the 2013 season with the High-A Bradenton Marauders. In 92 games with the Marauders, Hanson hit .281 with 7 home runs, 48 runs batted in, and 24 stolen bases.", "Robert Hanson (financier) The Hon. Robert William Hanson (born 3 October 1960) is a British financier and business man. He is chairman of Hanson Family Holdings, a private company which owns businesses in the fields of logistics, investment banking, news media, and chemicals. Hanson is the elder son of James Hanson, by his marriage in 1959 to Geraldine Kaelin, an American. He had a younger brother, Brook Hanson (1964\u20132014). Educated at Eton and St Peter's College, Oxford, Hanson's first job was as an assistant keeper of reptiles at the Windsor Safari Park. In the 1980s, Hanson joined N M Rothschild & Sons, then went to work for his father, who was created a life peer in 1983. At the end of 1997 Hanson resigned from his father's public company, when it was broken up, to become chairman of Hanson Transport Group. In 1998 he founded Hanson Capital, a group of financial services companies aiming to capitalise on his worldwide network of relationships with major investors. This continues as part of the present group of companies. Hanson is now the chairman of Hanson Family Holdings, a private company which owns a wide range of businesses in logistics, investment banking and chemicals around the world. In 2010 Hanson was sued for \u00a3358,000 by David Newnham, the former chief executive of Pierre Woodman's pornographic film company, claiming Hanson had guaranteed the payment of his salary. In 2013 Hanson used Hanson Family Holdings to buy Venezuela's best-selling newspaper, \"Ultimas Noticias\", for a figure reported as $US98 million. In 2014, he was accused by newspaper staff of turning it into \"a Socialist Party mouthpiece\", but the editor, Hector Davila, replied that his only instructions from Hanson were \"to run a balanced and profitable newspaper\"."], "answer": {"text": "Mercury.", "answer_start": 1555}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Whose independent career was the Hanson band?", "answer": {"text": "In the early to mid-1990s, Isaac, Taylor and Zac sang a cappella and recorded such classic songs as \"Rockin' Robin\", \"Splish Splash\" and \"Johnny B. Goode\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which other songs did they record?", "answer": {"text": "The band recorded two independent albums in their hometown of Tulsa, Boomerang (recorded in autumn 1994, released in 1995) and MMMBop (released in 1996).", "answer_start": 790, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did those two albums feature their a cappella singing?", "answer": {"text": "All three boys started their musical careers as pianists, but Isaac eventually started playing guitar and Zac started playing drums, while Taylor continued as the keyboard player.", "answer_start": 610, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The boys then found themselves at the South By Southwest (aka SXSW) music festival in Austin,", "answer_start": 1103, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they perform at that festival?", "answer": {"text": "There, they were promptly signed by manager Christopher Sabec. He shopped them to several record companies,", "answer_start": 1204, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d038d4e0f9b047c082dcc6b221a62e4e_1_q#6", "question": "Did any other companies want to sign them?", "rewrite": "Did any other companies want to sign the Hanson besides Mercury?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Besides mercury(II) hydride, it also produces other mercury hydrides in lesser quantities, such as the mercury(I) hydrides (HgH and HgH). Unpon treatment with a Lewis base, mercury(II) hydride coverts to an adduct. Upon treatment with a standard acid, mercury(II) hydride and its adducts convert either to a mercury salt or a mercuran(2)yl derivative and elemental hydrogen. Oxidation of mercury(II) hydride gives elemental mercury. Unless cooled below , mercury(II) hydride decomposes to produce elemental mercury and hydrogen: Mercury(II) hydride was successfully synthesized and identified in 1951 by Egon Wiberg and Walter Henle, by the reaction of mercury(II) iodide and lithium tetrahydroaluminate in a mixture of petroleum ether and tetrahydrofuran. In 1993 Legay-Sommaire announced HgH production in cryogenic argon and krypton matrices with a KrF laser. In 2004, solid HgH was definitively synthesized and consequentially analysed, by Xuefeng Wang and Lester Andrews, by direct matrix isolation reaction of excited mercury with molecular hydrogen. In 2005, gaseous HgH was synthesized by Alireza Shayesteh \"et al\", by the direct gas-phase reaction of excited mercury with molecular hydrogen at standard temperature; and Xuefeng Wang and Lester Andrews determined the structure of solid mercury HgH, to be a molecular solid.", "The arc-tube operates at anywhere from 5\u201350 atm or more (70\u2013700 psi or 500\u20135000 kPa) and 1000\u20133000 \u00b0C. Like all other gas-discharge lamps, metal-halide lamps have negative resistance (with the rare exception of self-ballasted lamps with a filament), and so require a ballast to provide proper starting and operating voltages while regulating the current flow through the lamp. About 24% of the energy used by metal-halide lamps produces light (an efficacy of 65\u2013115 lm/W), making them substantially more efficient than incandescent bulbs, which typically have efficiencies in the range 2\u20134%. Metal-halide lamps consist of an arc tube with electrodes, an outer bulb, and a base. Inside the fused quartz \"arc tube\", two tungsten electrodes doped with thorium are sealed into each end and an AC voltage is applied to them through molybdenum foil seals fused in silica. It is the arc between the two electrodes where the light is actually created. Besides mercury vapor, the lamp contains iodides or bromides of different metals. Iodine and bromine are of the halogen group of the periodic table, and so are termed \"halides\" when ionized. Scandium and sodium are also used in some types, with thallium, indium, and sodium in European \"Tri-Salt\" models. More recent types use dysprosium for high color temperature and tin for lower color temperature. Holmium and thulium are used in very high power movie lighting models. Gallium or lead are used in special high UV-A models for printing purposes. The mixture of the metals used defines the color of the lamp.", "Robert Hanson (financier) The Hon. Robert William Hanson (born 3 October 1960) is a British financier and business man. He is chairman of Hanson Family Holdings, a private company which owns businesses in the fields of logistics, investment banking, news media, and chemicals. Hanson is the elder son of James Hanson, by his marriage in 1959 to Geraldine Kaelin, an American. He had a younger brother, Brook Hanson (1964\u20132014). Educated at Eton and St Peter's College, Oxford, Hanson's first job was as an assistant keeper of reptiles at the Windsor Safari Park. In the 1980s, Hanson joined N M Rothschild & Sons, then went to work for his father, who was created a life peer in 1983. At the end of 1997 Hanson resigned from his father's public company, when it was broken up, to become chairman of Hanson Transport Group. In 1998 he founded Hanson Capital, a group of financial services companies aiming to capitalise on his worldwide network of relationships with major investors. This continues as part of the present group of companies. Hanson is now the chairman of Hanson Family Holdings, a private company which owns a wide range of businesses in logistics, investment banking and chemicals around the world. In 2010 Hanson was sued for \u00a3358,000 by David Newnham, the former chief executive of Pierre Woodman's pornographic film company, claiming Hanson had guaranteed the payment of his salary. In 2013 Hanson used Hanson Family Holdings to buy Venezuela's best-selling newspaper, \"Ultimas Noticias\", for a figure reported as $US98 million. In 2014, he was accused by newspaper staff of turning it into \"a Socialist Party mouthpiece\", but the editor, Hector Davila, replied that his only instructions from Hanson were \"to run a balanced and profitable newspaper\".", "Besides Mercury's mono and stereo versions of the \"1812\", only one other classical album rang up Gold Record sales in the 1950s in the U.S. The recording of the \"1812 Overture\" is considered by many to be one of the best performances of that work and was still in reissue in 2011, nearly 60 years after its first release. \"The New York Times\" music critic Howard Taubman described the Mercury sound on \"Pictures at an Exhibition\" as \"being in the living presence of the orchestra\" and Mercury eventually began releasing their classical recordings under the 'Living Presence' series' name. The recordings were produced by Mercury vice president Wilma Cozart, who later married Bob Fine. Cozart took over recording director duties in 1953 and also produced the CD reissues of more than half of the Mercury Living Presence catalog in the 1990s. By the late 1950s, the Mercury Living Presence crew included session musical supervisors Harold Lawrence and Clair van Ausdall and associate engineer Robert Eberenz. When Cozart retired in 1964, Lawrence took over the Mercury classical division and continued producing Mercury Living Presence records into 1967. Besides the recordings with the Chicago and Minneapolis orchestras, Mercury also recorded Howard Hanson with the Eastman Rochester Orchestra, Frederick Fennell with the Eastman Wind Ensemble, and Paul Paray with the Detroit Symphony Orchestra. Dorati made some recordings in the United Kingdom with the London Symphony Orchestra for Mercury during the 1960s. In late 1955, Mercury began using 3 omnidirectional microphones to make stereo recordings on 3-track tape. The technique was an expansion on the mono process\u2014center was still paramount. Once the center, single microphone was set, the sides were set to provide the depth and width heard in the stereo recordings. The center mike still fed the mono LP releases, which accompanied stereo LPs into the 1960s.", "Jacob Barrett Laursen Jacob Barrett Laursen (born 17 November 1994) is a Danish footballer who plays as a left-back for Danish Superliga side Odense Boldklub. Juventus signed Laursen in 2012 for \u20ac1 million from Aalborg BK. After spending one season in Juventus Primavera team, Laursen joined Danish side OB on loan for the 2013\u201314 season. He made his competitive debut at 10 November 2013 in a 1\u20133 home defeat against FC Vestsj\u00e6lland. He appeared as a 65th-minute substitute. On 3 July 2014, Laursen joined Odense Boldklub permanently, signing three-year deal."], "answer": {"text": "After this performance, they were signed almost immediately by Mercury.", "answer_start": 1492}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Whose independent career was the Hanson band?", "answer": {"text": "In the early to mid-1990s, Isaac, Taylor and Zac sang a cappella and recorded such classic songs as \"Rockin' Robin\", \"Splish Splash\" and \"Johnny B. Goode\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which other songs did they record?", "answer": {"text": "The band recorded two independent albums in their hometown of Tulsa, Boomerang (recorded in autumn 1994, released in 1995) and MMMBop (released in 1996).", "answer_start": 790, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did those two albums feature their a cappella singing?", "answer": {"text": "All three boys started their musical careers as pianists, but Isaac eventually started playing guitar and Zac started playing drums, while Taylor continued as the keyboard player.", "answer_start": 610, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The boys then found themselves at the South By Southwest (aka SXSW) music festival in Austin,", "answer_start": 1103, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they perform at that festival?", "answer": {"text": "There, they were promptly signed by manager Christopher Sabec. He shopped them to several record companies,", "answer_start": 1204, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which record company signed them?", "answer": {"text": "Mercury.", "answer_start": 1555, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d038d4e0f9b047c082dcc6b221a62e4e_1_q#7", "question": "What did they release under the mercury label?", "rewrite": "What did Hanson release under the mercury label?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The song had been previously recorded by singers Dick Haymes, Peggy Lee & Mel Torm\u00e9, Phil Harris, Snooky Lanson and Frank Sinatra. But it was Hayes' recording of this song that made the charts. The song was ranked number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts and remained there for twelve weeks. The next song he recorded for the Mercury label was a version of the song \"My Foolish Heart\" in 1950. He again enjoyed the producing accompaniment of Mitch Miller. Hayes also enjoyed another hit. Although not as popular as his previous song, \"My Foolish Heart\" did manage to rank number 21 on the charts. Shortly after the release of the song, Miller left Mercury and joined rival label Columbia Records. Hayes remained with Mercury and recorded four more songs that did not place on the charts. But the fifth song he recorded, a duet with Kitty Kallen entitled \"Our Lady Of Fatima\", managed to reach number 10 on the charts beginning in September 1950 and remained there for three months. In March 1951, Hayes recorded another duet with Kallen entitled \"The Aba Daba Honeymoon\". The song was also on the charts for three months. Before Hayes and Kallen recorded the song, it was made famous by Debbie Reynolds and Carleton Carpenter in the movie \"Two Weeks with Love\" the year earlier. During the summer of 1951 Hayes recorded a version of Nat King Cole's hit \"Too Young\" on the Mercury label. It reached number 24 on the pop charts. That side charted at number fourteen as did the flip side \"Go! Go! Go!\" both recorded with George Bassman's orchestra. In late October 1951, Hayes had another big seller for Mercury entitled \"Out in the Cold Again\" with The Joe Reichman Orchestra. The record again made it into the top ten best sellers in the country and remained on the charts for close to three months.", "3CG Records 3CG Records is an independent record label started by the pop group Hanson in October 2003. \"3CG\" is an acronym \"3 Car Garage\" that refers to the building the band used as a recording studio and to the compilation album the band released before its chart success. After success with Mercury Records, the band Hanson was transferred to Island Def Jam with the merger of PolyGram and Universal in 1999. Due to misunderstandings over their second studio album, the band created their own label. Hanson released their third studio album, \"Underneath\" in 2004 on 3CG Records. The album went to No. 1 on the Billboard Top Independent Albums Chart in April 2004. The band released their fourth studio album, \"The Walk\", through 3CG. In the UK, the record was released under exclusive licence to Cooking Vinyl on April 30, 2007 and charted at No. 83. \" The Walk\" was released on July 24, 2007 in the United States and debuted at No. 4 on the \"Billboard\" Top Independent Albums Chart and No. 56 on the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart. On June 8, 2010, Hanson release their fifth studio album, \"Shout It Out\" in the United States, through 3CG Records. The album debuted at No. 30 on the \"Billboard\" Top 200, No. 15 on \"Billboard\" Digital Albums, and reached No. 2 on the \"Billboard\" Top Independent Albums chart. On June 18, 2013, Hanson released \"Anthem\", their sixth studio album, and the fourth released on 3CG. Hanson have said in interviews that they would like to sign other musicians to 3CG Records.", "In 2012, signings on Mercury included Pixie Lott, Arcade Fire, Amy Macdonald, Noah and the Whale, Chase & Status, Jake Bugg and Bo Bruce. In July, Mercury announced that Mike Smith was joining as President, Music. In March 2013, Mercury UK was absorbed into Virgin EMI by Universal Music. Launched in 2007 by Universal Music Australia exclusively as a full-service local (Australian) A&R operation. Mercury Records had been used for some Australian artists in the 1980s and 1990s, but was put into hibernation in 1999 in favour of the Universal label until 2007. In France, Mercury Records operates as a part of the Mercury Music Group, a division of Universal Music Group. Mercury Music Group controls the French operations of UMG labels Mercury, Fontana Records, Verve Records, Decca Records, Blue Note Records, Island Records, Casablanca Records, and Virgin Records, among others. Various other national Universal Music Group companies are known to actively use the Mercury Records trademark as an imprint for their local artist and repertoire operations, but no other Universal Music Group companies use the label as a key marketing differentiator, nor do they operate frontline divisions based on the Mercury label. Launched in 1993 as a division of Nippon PolyGram (now Universal Music Japan), it was later relaunched in 2000 as a joint venture with Kitty Films under the name Kitty MME. It was merged into the Universal J label in 2002. Its artist roster included Seiko Matsuda, Y\u016bji Oda, Delta, ZIGGY, Kinniku Sh\u014djo Tai and Takashi Sorimachi. After 15 years, the label was revitalized under its new name, Mercury Records Tokyo and is now under the Universal Music & Brands (UM & Brands) division of Universal Music Japan. Korean pop group Monsta X was the first artist signed under the newly relaunched label.", "That year PolyGram brought Mercury from N.A.P.C. Mercury's corporate name was changed to Phonogram Inc. to match a related company in the UK that operated the Mercury label there. From late 1974 to early 1983, the company's label design featured a painting of three famous Chicago buildings: Marina City, John Hancock Center and One IBM Plaza which was Mercury headquarters during that period, having moved from its long-time address at 35 East Wacker Drive in Chicago. In 1980, Phonogram moved its headquarters from Chicago to New York City. In 1981, Mercury, along with other U.S. PolyGram-owned labels, which included Polydor, RSO Records, and Casablanca, consolidated under the new name PolyGram Records, Inc. Under PolyGram, Mercury absorbed the artists and catalogue of Casablanca Records (also home to the 20th Century Records back catalogue), which consisted of hard rockers Kiss and disco stars Donna Summer and the Village People, and primarily became a rock/pop label with Kiss, Scorpions, Rush, John Cougar Mellencamp, Kurtis Blow, Tears for Fears, Bon Jovi, Cinderella, Treat, Candy, and Def Leppard. Mercury, by having Bon Jovi, Cinderella, Def Leppard, Kiss, Candy, and Scorpions on their roster, was a premiere label for glam metal. Most of these bands were on Vertigo Records in Europe (that label specialized in progressive rock and hard rock including subgenres like glam metal). In late 1998, PolyGram was bought by Seagram, which then absorbed the company into its Universal Music Group unit. Under the reorganization, Mercury Records was folded into the newly formed The Island Def Jam Music Group (IDJMG).", "Her 1961 recording of \"Mad about the Boy\" is possibly the most widely known version of the song. The time arrangement for voice and jazz orchestra by Quincy Jones omits two verses and was recorded in the singer's native Chicago on the Mercury label. The 1952 version was released as a single but not the 1961 version, available only on compilations. The song was one of the 40 songs recorded with Quincy Jones in 1961, some of them available on two albums: \"I wanna be loved\" and \"Tears and laughter\" both released in 1962. The song \"Tears And Laughter\" was released as a single but \"Mad about the boy\" remained unreleased until \"Golden hits - volume one\", a 1963 compilation. At the time Dinah Washington wasn't anymore on the Mercury label but has signed with Roulette. Washington's version was popularised for a new generation when it was used as a backing track in a 1992 television advertisement for Levi's jeans. In the commercial, which is influenced by the 1968 Burt Lancaster film \"The Swimmer\", a young man runs through an American suburban neighbourhood stripping down to only his jeans, invades private gardens and dives into a series of swimming pools to shrink his jeans. Washington's recording was re-released by Mercury as a tie-in in with the advertising campaign, and the cover art featured a shot of the shirtless man emerging from a swimming pool and bore the Levi's logo. The single entered the Top 50 in the UK singles chart. The song has been performed by a number of other artists, including:"], "answer": {"text": "They soon became a worldwide sensation with the release of their first major-label album, Middle of Nowhere,", "answer_start": 1564}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Whose independent career was the Hanson band?", "answer": {"text": "In the early to mid-1990s, Isaac, Taylor and Zac sang a cappella and recorded such classic songs as \"Rockin' Robin\", \"Splish Splash\" and \"Johnny B. Goode\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which other songs did they record?", "answer": {"text": "The band recorded two independent albums in their hometown of Tulsa, Boomerang (recorded in autumn 1994, released in 1995) and MMMBop (released in 1996).", "answer_start": 790, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did those two albums feature their a cappella singing?", "answer": {"text": "All three boys started their musical careers as pianists, but Isaac eventually started playing guitar and Zac started playing drums, while Taylor continued as the keyboard player.", "answer_start": 610, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The boys then found themselves at the South By Southwest (aka SXSW) music festival in Austin,", "answer_start": 1103, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they perform at that festival?", "answer": {"text": "There, they were promptly signed by manager Christopher Sabec. He shopped them to several record companies,", "answer_start": 1204, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which record company signed them?", "answer": {"text": "Mercury.", "answer_start": 1555, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did any other companies want to sign them?", "answer": {"text": "After this performance, they were signed almost immediately by Mercury.", "answer_start": 1492, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d038d4e0f9b047c082dcc6b221a62e4e_1_q#8", "question": "Any hit singles on that?", "rewrite": "Any hit singles on Hanson's Middle of Nowhere album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Middle of Nowhere (album) Middle of Nowhere is the debut studio album by American pop rock group Hanson, and the first to be released on a major label, which was Polygram Records and Mercury Records. Released in 1997, it features slicker studio production compared to their previous indie efforts \"Boomerang\" and \"MMMBop\". The band members were between the ages of 11 and 16 when it was released. \"Yearbook\", one of the album's more dramatic songs, was not performed live until the recording of \"Middle of Nowhere Acoustic\" on May 5, 2007. The album was well received by critics. David Browne of \"Entertainment Weekly\" said of the trio: \"... lack of guile is Hanson's most endearing quality.\" \"Middle of Nowhere\" yielded five singles: \"MMMBop\", \"Where's the Love\" , \"I Will Come to You\", \"Weird\", and \"Thinking of You\". Total sales worldwide are 10 million copies. The album sold just under 4 million in the US (4 times platinum) and over 400,000 copies in UK. All songs written by Isaac Hanson, Taylor Hanson and Zachary Hanson, with additional writers noted in parentheses. Note Hanson Session musicians Other", "Middle of Nowhere was released in the US on May 6, 1997, selling 10 million copies worldwide. May 6 was declared 'Hanson Day' in Tulsa by Oklahoma's then-governor Frank Keating. Although 'Hanson Day' was originally intended to be a one-time occurrence, many Hanson fans all over the world still recognize May 6 as Hanson Day every year. Hanson's popularity exploded during the summer of 1997, and Mercury Records released Hanson's first documentary Tulsa, Tokyo, and the Middle of Nowhere and their Christmas album Snowed In in the wake of their success. Hanson also launched MOE (which stood for Middle of Everywhere), a fan club magazine that ran for 12 issues. After numerous unauthorized biographies of each of the brothers were published, Hanson turned to their close friend, Jarrod Gollihare of Admiral Twin, to write their authorized biography. Hanson: The Official Book reached number 9 on the New York Times Best Sellers List (nonfiction) on February 1, 1998. The band was nominated for three Grammy Awards in 1998: Record of the Year, Best New Artist, and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. During the summer of 1998, Hanson began a highly successful concert tour, the Albertane Tour. They performed a string of shows throughout stadiums and arenas in the US, targeting young audiences with a playful and energetic style. A live album, titled Live From Albertane, was released the following fall, as well as their second documentary The Road to Albertane. In response to the demand for their earlier work, Hanson re-released MMMBop as 3 Car Garage, minus four tracks, in May 1998. To date, the tracks from Boomerang have not been re-released.", "Jennifer Hanson Jennifer Kathleen Hanson (born August 10, 1973 in La Habra, California) is an American country music artist, as well as serving as Miss California 1994. Active since 1996, she has recorded two studio albums, and has charted within the Top 40 of Hot Country Songs with \"Beautiful Goodbye\". Hanson has also written singles for The Wreckers, Bucky Covington, and Billy Currington among others. One of Hanson's first appearances was as a backing vocalist on Rhett Akins's 1996 album \" Somebody New\". A year later, she married singer-songwriter Mark Nesler. Hanson began her own musical career in 2002 with a self-titled debut album being issued on Capitol Records. She co-produced the album with Greg Droman and wrote most of the songs on it. The album produced three hit singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart, including the Top 20 hit \"Beautiful Goodbye\", followed by \"This Far Gone\" at number 42 and \"Half a Heart Tattoo\" at number 40. She switched to Universal South Records in 2007, releasing her second studio album (entitled \"Thankful\") in early 2008. It produced the singles \"Joyride\" and \"'73\", the former of which also reached number 42 on the country charts. Hanson has also written singles for other artists, including \"Leave the Pieces\" for The Wreckers, and \"A Different World\" for Bucky Covington, a co-write with Nesler, and \"Let Me Down Easy\" for Billy Currington. She also co-wrote \"Country Strong\" for Gwyneth Paltrow for the movie of the same name. She was ranked No. 93 on the \"FHM\" 100 Sexiest Women of 2005.", "Middle of Nowhere was released in the US on May 6, 1997, selling 10 million copies worldwide. May 6 was declared 'Hanson Day' in Tulsa by Oklahoma's then-governor Frank Keating. Although 'Hanson Day' was originally intended to be a one-time occurrence, many Hanson fans all over the world still recognize May 6 as Hanson Day every year. Hanson's popularity exploded during the summer of 1997, and Mercury Records released Hanson's first documentary Tulsa, Tokyo, and the Middle of Nowhere and their Christmas album Snowed In in the wake of their success. Hanson also launched MOE (which stood for Middle of Everywhere), a fan club magazine that ran for 12 issues. After numerous unauthorized biographies of each of the brothers were published, Hanson turned to their close friend, Jarrod Gollihare of Admiral Twin, to write their authorized biography. Hanson: The Official Book reached number 9 on the New York Times Best Sellers List (nonfiction) on February 1, 1998. The band was nominated for three Grammy Awards in 1998: Record of the Year, Best New Artist, and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. During the summer of 1998, Hanson began a highly successful concert tour, the Albertane Tour. They performed a string of shows throughout stadiums and arenas in the US, targeting young audiences with a playful and energetic style. A live album, titled Live From Albertane, was released the following fall, as well as their second documentary The Road to Albertane. In response to the demand for their earlier work, Hanson re-released MMMBop as 3 Car Garage, minus four tracks, in May 1998. To date, the tracks from Boomerang have not been re-released.", "This Time Around (Hanson album) This Time Around is the second studio album by American pop rock group Hanson, released in 2000. Although Hanson had several albums in between, \"This Time Around\" is their first standard studio release since 1997's \"Middle of Nowhere\". \" This Time Around\" did not achieve the commercial success of its predecessor \"Middle of Nowhere\". The album does not feature as many bubblegum pop style tunes as \"Middle of Nowhere\"; instead, Hanson opted to focus on a more classic rock sound, or as MTV.com stated, \"stadium rock\". The album also features numerous ballads, with songs such as \"Sure About It\" and \"A Song to Sing\" covering the themes of teenage insecurity and loneliness, much like \"Weird\" from \"Middle of Nowhere\". Critically, \"This Time Around\" received mainly positive reviews. To date, it has sold over one million copies worldwide. Critically, \"This Time Around\" received mainly positive reviews. It was given a score of 67 out of 100 by Metacritic. \" Billboard\" said, \"It all adds up to a collection that successfully sets Hanson apart from the current teen-pop phenomenon that it helped start -- at least from a creative perspective,\" and CDNow said \"This Time Around scores with more sophisticated harmonies and storytelling.\" \"Rolling Stone\" said, \"Like a blond three-headed hydra, Hanson loom over the competition, making all other teen idols sound like Gerber-sucking clowns.\" AllMusic said, \"It's hard not to miss the thrilling way Middle of Nowhere leapt out of the speakers upon its first spin with giddy fun, yet with its carefully considered craft and warmly ingratiating pop songs This Time Around is winning entertainment.\""], "answer": {"text": "MMMBop", "answer_start": 917}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Whose independent career was the Hanson band?", "answer": {"text": "In the early to mid-1990s, Isaac, Taylor and Zac sang a cappella and recorded such classic songs as \"Rockin' Robin\", \"Splish Splash\" and \"Johnny B. Goode\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which other songs did they record?", "answer": {"text": "The band recorded two independent albums in their hometown of Tulsa, Boomerang (recorded in autumn 1994, released in 1995) and MMMBop (released in 1996).", "answer_start": 790, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did those two albums feature their a cappella singing?", "answer": {"text": "All three boys started their musical careers as pianists, but Isaac eventually started playing guitar and Zac started playing drums, while Taylor continued as the keyboard player.", "answer_start": 610, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The boys then found themselves at the South By Southwest (aka SXSW) music festival in Austin,", "answer_start": 1103, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they perform at that festival?", "answer": {"text": "There, they were promptly signed by manager Christopher Sabec. He shopped them to several record companies,", "answer_start": 1204, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which record company signed them?", "answer": {"text": "Mercury.", "answer_start": 1555, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did any other companies want to sign them?", "answer": {"text": "After this performance, they were signed almost immediately by Mercury.", "answer_start": 1492, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they release under the mercury label?", "answer": {"text": "They soon became a worldwide sensation with the release of their first major-label album, Middle of Nowhere,", "answer_start": 1564, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_30b8da1ce5d443f09244987639ef2412_0_q#0", "question": "What kind of organization did William Lloyd Garrison work with?", "rewrite": "What kind of organization did William Lloyd Garrison work with?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["William Lloyd Garrison House The William Lloyd Garrison House, also known as Rockledge, is a National Historic Landmark house, located at 125 Highland Street in the Roxbury Highlands section of Boston, Massachusetts. Probably built in the 1840s or 1850s, it is significant as the longtime home of William Lloyd Garrison (1805\u20131879), one of the most high-profile abolitionist activists of the mid-19th century United States. Garrison published \"The Liberator\", the principal organ of the abolitionist movement, and spoke for the immediate emancipation of slaves. Despite significant later alterations to accommodate institutional uses, the building has retained much of its 19th-century fabric. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965 and is a pending Boston Landmark. It is not known exactly when, by whom, or for whom, the house was originally built. It was purchased by William Lloyd Garrison in 1864, and was his home until his death in 1879. It was then acquired by a non-profit organized by African-American supporters called the Rockledge Associates, who sought to preserve the property as a memorial to Garrison. In 1904 it was purchased by the Episcopal Sisters of the Society of St. Margaret, who altered the building to operate a home for needy elderly. In 2012 the Sisters property, including the Garrison House, was purchased by Emmanuel College, which operates its Notre Dame campus there. William Lloyd Garrison (1805\u20131879) was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, trained as a printer, and was from an early date involved in the anti-slavery cause. In 1830 he began publishing \"The Liberator\", which, despite a relatively modest circulation, became the leading publication of the abolitionist cause. On its pages Garrison regularly called for the immediate emancipation of all slaves. His advocacy was uncompromising, and upset not only slave-holding interests, but also members of the moderately anti-slavery business community.", "The first annual meeting was held the second week in October 1836 at which Isaac Phelps, Esquire, was duly elected President; Henry Moore, Vice-President; Rev. R. G. Murray, Secretary. William Lloyd Garrison was one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society in New England in December 1933 that supported many local chapters. Soon following, Isaac Phelps also served as Vice-President of the Erie County Anti-Slavery Society and was one of the leaders of the newly formed Liberty Party in Erie County. The Liberty Party was a minor political party in the 1840s that was an early advocate for the abolitionist cause. On September 5, 1844, a county mass meeting of the Liberty Party, for the nomination of party candidates, was held at Griffins Mills. To push the cause further, at the Church monthly meeting on November 13, 1846, Rev. John Sanly opened with prayer, and Brother Joshua Phillips read the Resolutions that a committee had drawn up: On December 15, 1848, the Church directed that an Overture be sent to the district Presbytery at its next regular meeting asking: Additional anti-slavery sentiment was evident through documented visits by Sojourner Truth, who was an African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist. Although born into slavery in Swartekill, Ulster County, New York, she escaped to freedom in 1826. While living in Massachusetts in the 1840s, she fraternized with the likes of William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and David Ruggles. Truth started dictating her memoirs to her friend Olive Gilbert, and in 1850 William Lloyd Garrison privately published her book, \u201cThe Narrative of Sojourner Truth: A Northern Slave\u201d. At William Lloyd Garrison's suggestion, Truth accompanied the English abolitionist George Thompson on a lecture tour through western New York and Ohio so that she might have the opportunity to sell her book at twenty-five cents a copy.", "New England Non-Resistance Society The New England Non-Resistance Society was an American peace group founded at a special peace convention organized by William Lloyd Garrison, in Boston in September 1838. Leading up to the convention, conservative members of the American Anti-Slavery Society and the American Peace Society expressed discomfort with Garrison's philosophy of \"non-resistance\" and inclusion of women in public political activities. After conservative attendees opposing Garrison walked out of the convention in protest, those remaining formed the \"New England Non-Resistance Society\". The Society condemned the use of force in resisting evil, in war, for the death penalty, or in self-defense, renounced allegiance to human government, and because of the anti-slavery cause, favored non-union with the American South. The New England Non-Resistance Society was one of the more radical of the many organizations founded by William Lloyd Garrison, adopting a Declaration of Sentiments of which he was the principal author, pledging themselves to deny the validity of social distinctions based on race, nationality or gender\", refusing obedience to human governments, and opposing even individual acts of self-defense. In the Society's \u201cDeclaration of Sentiments\u201d Garrison wrote, \"any person without distinction of sex or color, who consents to the principles of this Constitution may become a member and be entitled to speak at its meetings.\" The Society rejected loyalty to any human government; one historian has described the Non-Resistance Society's \"basic outlook as that of philosophical anarchism\". The declaration was signed by 44 people, of whom 20 were women. Maria Chapman became the editor of its publication,\" The Non-Resistant \"(1839 - 1840), along with Edmund Quincy (1808-1877), and William Lloyd Garrison and started publication in 1839. The first annual meeting was held in Philadelphia, Sept 24-27, 1839.", "Fanny Garrison Villard Helen Frances \u201cFanny\u201d Garrison Villard (December 16, 1844 \u2013 July 5, 1928) was an American women's suffrage campaigner, pacifist and a co-founder of National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. She was the daughter of prominent publisher and abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison and the wife of railroad tycoon Henry Villard. Helen Frances Garrison, known to family and friends as \"Fanny,\" was born on December 16, 1844. She was the only surviving daughter of five sons and two daughters (of whom a son and a daughter died as children) born to Helen Eliza Benson (1811\u20131876) and William Lloyd Garrison (1805\u20131879). Her brother, William Lloyd Garrison Jr. (1838\u20131909), was a prominent advocate of the single tax, free trade, women's suffrage, and of the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act. Another brother, Wendell Phillips Garrison (1840\u20131907), was literary editor of \"The Nation\" from 1865 to 1906. Her other two brothers were George Thompson Garrison and Francis Jackson Garrison, who wrote a biography of their father and was named after abolitionist Francis Jackson. While raising her children, she led a life fairly typical life of a woman in a traditional upper-class marriage. After her children were grown and her husband died in 1900, Fanny Garrison Villard became more active in peace groups and women's rights. She joined the American Woman Suffrage Association along with Anna Shaw and Carrie Chapman Catt. In 1914, she marched against the First World War in New York City. After the winning of suffrage, she founded the Women's Peace Society on September 12, 1919. She was a delegate to The Hague in 1907, and in 1921 a fraternal delegate to the conference of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.", "William Lloyd Garrison School The William Lloyd Garrison School is a historic school building at 20 Hutchings Street in Boston, Massachusetts. Built in stages between 1910 and 1929 and named for abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison, it is a high-quality example of period school architecture, noted at the time for its state-of-the-art features. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, and has since been converted into residences. The former William Lloyd Garrison School is located in Boston's Roxbury neighborhood, north of Franklin Park between Hutchings and Brookledge Streets west of Elm Hill Avenue. It is a 2-1/2 story brick structure set on a raised basement, consisting of several different sections organized around a central courtyard and joined by passageways. Its elements are basically Colonial Revival in style, unified in part by the fact the three of its four building phases were designed by the same firm, Newhall & Blevins of Boston. The street-facing elements include basement-level windows on the original (eastern) block, and banks of classroom windows on the later western block. The school was built, and then repeatedly enlarged, to meet the demands of Boston's rapidly growing population. Its first section was built in 1910, and was featured in a book on grade schools published in 1914. In 1918 that block was extended to the south, and in 1922 the assembly hall was added, set at an angle to the main block on the Brookledge Street side of the property. The final enlargement was in 1929, adding the western wing which forms the north side of the courtyard."], "answer": {"text": "In addition to publishing The Liberator, Garrison spearheaded the organization of a new movement to demand the total abolition of slavery in the United States.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_30b8da1ce5d443f09244987639ef2412_0_q#1", "question": "Who did Garrison work with?", "rewrite": "Who did William Lloyd Garrison work with?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The first annual meeting was held the second week in October 1836 at which Isaac Phelps, Esquire, was duly elected President; Henry Moore, Vice-President; Rev. R. G. Murray, Secretary. William Lloyd Garrison was one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society in New England in December 1933 that supported many local chapters. Soon following, Isaac Phelps also served as Vice-President of the Erie County Anti-Slavery Society and was one of the leaders of the newly formed Liberty Party in Erie County. The Liberty Party was a minor political party in the 1840s that was an early advocate for the abolitionist cause. On September 5, 1844, a county mass meeting of the Liberty Party, for the nomination of party candidates, was held at Griffins Mills. To push the cause further, at the Church monthly meeting on November 13, 1846, Rev. John Sanly opened with prayer, and Brother Joshua Phillips read the Resolutions that a committee had drawn up: On December 15, 1848, the Church directed that an Overture be sent to the district Presbytery at its next regular meeting asking: Additional anti-slavery sentiment was evident through documented visits by Sojourner Truth, who was an African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist. Although born into slavery in Swartekill, Ulster County, New York, she escaped to freedom in 1826. While living in Massachusetts in the 1840s, she fraternized with the likes of William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and David Ruggles. Truth started dictating her memoirs to her friend Olive Gilbert, and in 1850 William Lloyd Garrison privately published her book, \u201cThe Narrative of Sojourner Truth: A Northern Slave\u201d. At William Lloyd Garrison's suggestion, Truth accompanied the English abolitionist George Thompson on a lecture tour through western New York and Ohio so that she might have the opportunity to sell her book at twenty-five cents a copy.", "William Lloyd Garrison House The William Lloyd Garrison House, also known as Rockledge, is a National Historic Landmark house, located at 125 Highland Street in the Roxbury Highlands section of Boston, Massachusetts. Probably built in the 1840s or 1850s, it is significant as the longtime home of William Lloyd Garrison (1805\u20131879), one of the most high-profile abolitionist activists of the mid-19th century United States. Garrison published \"The Liberator\", the principal organ of the abolitionist movement, and spoke for the immediate emancipation of slaves. Despite significant later alterations to accommodate institutional uses, the building has retained much of its 19th-century fabric. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965 and is a pending Boston Landmark. It is not known exactly when, by whom, or for whom, the house was originally built. It was purchased by William Lloyd Garrison in 1864, and was his home until his death in 1879. It was then acquired by a non-profit organized by African-American supporters called the Rockledge Associates, who sought to preserve the property as a memorial to Garrison. In 1904 it was purchased by the Episcopal Sisters of the Society of St. Margaret, who altered the building to operate a home for needy elderly. In 2012 the Sisters property, including the Garrison House, was purchased by Emmanuel College, which operates its Notre Dame campus there. William Lloyd Garrison (1805\u20131879) was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, trained as a printer, and was from an early date involved in the anti-slavery cause. In 1830 he began publishing \"The Liberator\", which, despite a relatively modest circulation, became the leading publication of the abolitionist cause. On its pages Garrison regularly called for the immediate emancipation of all slaves. His advocacy was uncompromising, and upset not only slave-holding interests, but also members of the moderately anti-slavery business community.", "New England Non-Resistance Society The New England Non-Resistance Society was an American peace group founded at a special peace convention organized by William Lloyd Garrison, in Boston in September 1838. Leading up to the convention, conservative members of the American Anti-Slavery Society and the American Peace Society expressed discomfort with Garrison's philosophy of \"non-resistance\" and inclusion of women in public political activities. After conservative attendees opposing Garrison walked out of the convention in protest, those remaining formed the \"New England Non-Resistance Society\". The Society condemned the use of force in resisting evil, in war, for the death penalty, or in self-defense, renounced allegiance to human government, and because of the anti-slavery cause, favored non-union with the American South. The New England Non-Resistance Society was one of the more radical of the many organizations founded by William Lloyd Garrison, adopting a Declaration of Sentiments of which he was the principal author, pledging themselves to deny the validity of social distinctions based on race, nationality or gender\", refusing obedience to human governments, and opposing even individual acts of self-defense. In the Society's \u201cDeclaration of Sentiments\u201d Garrison wrote, \"any person without distinction of sex or color, who consents to the principles of this Constitution may become a member and be entitled to speak at its meetings.\" The Society rejected loyalty to any human government; one historian has described the Non-Resistance Society's \"basic outlook as that of philosophical anarchism\". The declaration was signed by 44 people, of whom 20 were women. Maria Chapman became the editor of its publication,\" The Non-Resistant \"(1839 - 1840), along with Edmund Quincy (1808-1877), and William Lloyd Garrison and started publication in 1839. The first annual meeting was held in Philadelphia, Sept 24-27, 1839.", "William Lloyd Garrison School The William Lloyd Garrison School is a historic school building at 20 Hutchings Street in Boston, Massachusetts. Built in stages between 1910 and 1929 and named for abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison, it is a high-quality example of period school architecture, noted at the time for its state-of-the-art features. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, and has since been converted into residences. The former William Lloyd Garrison School is located in Boston's Roxbury neighborhood, north of Franklin Park between Hutchings and Brookledge Streets west of Elm Hill Avenue. It is a 2-1/2 story brick structure set on a raised basement, consisting of several different sections organized around a central courtyard and joined by passageways. Its elements are basically Colonial Revival in style, unified in part by the fact the three of its four building phases were designed by the same firm, Newhall & Blevins of Boston. The street-facing elements include basement-level windows on the original (eastern) block, and banks of classroom windows on the later western block. The school was built, and then repeatedly enlarged, to meet the demands of Boston's rapidly growing population. Its first section was built in 1910, and was featured in a book on grade schools published in 1914. In 1918 that block was extended to the south, and in 1922 the assembly hall was added, set at an angle to the main block on the Brookledge Street side of the property. The final enlargement was in 1929, adding the western wing which forms the north side of the courtyard.", "Fanny Garrison Villard Helen Frances \u201cFanny\u201d Garrison Villard (December 16, 1844 \u2013 July 5, 1928) was an American women's suffrage campaigner, pacifist and a co-founder of National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. She was the daughter of prominent publisher and abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison and the wife of railroad tycoon Henry Villard. Helen Frances Garrison, known to family and friends as \"Fanny,\" was born on December 16, 1844. She was the only surviving daughter of five sons and two daughters (of whom a son and a daughter died as children) born to Helen Eliza Benson (1811\u20131876) and William Lloyd Garrison (1805\u20131879). Her brother, William Lloyd Garrison Jr. (1838\u20131909), was a prominent advocate of the single tax, free trade, women's suffrage, and of the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act. Another brother, Wendell Phillips Garrison (1840\u20131907), was literary editor of \"The Nation\" from 1865 to 1906. Her other two brothers were George Thompson Garrison and Francis Jackson Garrison, who wrote a biography of their father and was named after abolitionist Francis Jackson. While raising her children, she led a life fairly typical life of a woman in a traditional upper-class marriage. After her children were grown and her husband died in 1900, Fanny Garrison Villard became more active in peace groups and women's rights. She joined the American Woman Suffrage Association along with Anna Shaw and Carrie Chapman Catt. In 1914, she marched against the First World War in New York City. After the winning of suffrage, she founded the Women's Peace Society on September 12, 1919. She was a delegate to The Hague in 1907, and in 1921 a fraternal delegate to the conference of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom."], "answer": {"text": "January 1832, he had attracted enough followers to organize the New-England Anti-Slavery Society which, by the following summer, had dozens of affiliates and several thousand members. In December 1833,", "answer_start": 163}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of organization did William Lloyd Garrison work with?", "answer": {"text": "In addition to publishing The Liberator, Garrison spearheaded the organization of a new movement to demand the total abolition of slavery in the United States.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_30b8da1ce5d443f09244987639ef2412_0_q#2", "question": "Was he successful in his anti slavery work?", "rewrite": "Was William Lloyd Garrison successful in his anti slavery work?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The first annual meeting was held the second week in October 1836 at which Isaac Phelps, Esquire, was duly elected President; Henry Moore, Vice-President; Rev. R. G. Murray, Secretary. William Lloyd Garrison was one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society in New England in December 1933 that supported many local chapters. Soon following, Isaac Phelps also served as Vice-President of the Erie County Anti-Slavery Society and was one of the leaders of the newly formed Liberty Party in Erie County. The Liberty Party was a minor political party in the 1840s that was an early advocate for the abolitionist cause. On September 5, 1844, a county mass meeting of the Liberty Party, for the nomination of party candidates, was held at Griffins Mills. To push the cause further, at the Church monthly meeting on November 13, 1846, Rev. John Sanly opened with prayer, and Brother Joshua Phillips read the Resolutions that a committee had drawn up: On December 15, 1848, the Church directed that an Overture be sent to the district Presbytery at its next regular meeting asking: Additional anti-slavery sentiment was evident through documented visits by Sojourner Truth, who was an African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist. Although born into slavery in Swartekill, Ulster County, New York, she escaped to freedom in 1826. While living in Massachusetts in the 1840s, she fraternized with the likes of William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and David Ruggles. Truth started dictating her memoirs to her friend Olive Gilbert, and in 1850 William Lloyd Garrison privately published her book, \u201cThe Narrative of Sojourner Truth: A Northern Slave\u201d. At William Lloyd Garrison's suggestion, Truth accompanied the English abolitionist George Thompson on a lecture tour through western New York and Ohio so that she might have the opportunity to sell her book at twenty-five cents a copy.", "William Lloyd Garrison House The William Lloyd Garrison House, also known as Rockledge, is a National Historic Landmark house, located at 125 Highland Street in the Roxbury Highlands section of Boston, Massachusetts. Probably built in the 1840s or 1850s, it is significant as the longtime home of William Lloyd Garrison (1805\u20131879), one of the most high-profile abolitionist activists of the mid-19th century United States. Garrison published \"The Liberator\", the principal organ of the abolitionist movement, and spoke for the immediate emancipation of slaves. Despite significant later alterations to accommodate institutional uses, the building has retained much of its 19th-century fabric. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965 and is a pending Boston Landmark. It is not known exactly when, by whom, or for whom, the house was originally built. It was purchased by William Lloyd Garrison in 1864, and was his home until his death in 1879. It was then acquired by a non-profit organized by African-American supporters called the Rockledge Associates, who sought to preserve the property as a memorial to Garrison. In 1904 it was purchased by the Episcopal Sisters of the Society of St. Margaret, who altered the building to operate a home for needy elderly. In 2012 the Sisters property, including the Garrison House, was purchased by Emmanuel College, which operates its Notre Dame campus there. William Lloyd Garrison (1805\u20131879) was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, trained as a printer, and was from an early date involved in the anti-slavery cause. In 1830 he began publishing \"The Liberator\", which, despite a relatively modest circulation, became the leading publication of the abolitionist cause. On its pages Garrison regularly called for the immediate emancipation of all slaves. His advocacy was uncompromising, and upset not only slave-holding interests, but also members of the moderately anti-slavery business community.", "William Lloyd Garrison School The William Lloyd Garrison School is a historic school building at 20 Hutchings Street in Boston, Massachusetts. Built in stages between 1910 and 1929 and named for abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison, it is a high-quality example of period school architecture, noted at the time for its state-of-the-art features. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, and has since been converted into residences. The former William Lloyd Garrison School is located in Boston's Roxbury neighborhood, north of Franklin Park between Hutchings and Brookledge Streets west of Elm Hill Avenue. It is a 2-1/2 story brick structure set on a raised basement, consisting of several different sections organized around a central courtyard and joined by passageways. Its elements are basically Colonial Revival in style, unified in part by the fact the three of its four building phases were designed by the same firm, Newhall & Blevins of Boston. The street-facing elements include basement-level windows on the original (eastern) block, and banks of classroom windows on the later western block. The school was built, and then repeatedly enlarged, to meet the demands of Boston's rapidly growing population. Its first section was built in 1910, and was featured in a book on grade schools published in 1914. In 1918 that block was extended to the south, and in 1922 the assembly hall was added, set at an angle to the main block on the Brookledge Street side of the property. The final enlargement was in 1929, adding the western wing which forms the north side of the courtyard.", "Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society The Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, headquartered in Boston, was organized as an auxiliary of the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1835. Its roots were in the New England Anti-Slavery Society, organized by William Lloyd Garrison, editor of \"The Liberator,\" in 1831, after the defeat of a proposal for a college for blacks in New Haven. (See Noyes Academy.) The New England Anti-Slavery Society (1831\u20131835) was formed by William Lloyd Garrison, editor of \"The Liberator,\" in 1831. \" The Liberator\" was also its official publication. Based in Boston, Massachusetts, members of the New England Anti-slavery Society supported immediate abolition and viewed slavery as immoral and non-Christian. It was particularly opposed to the American Colonization Society, which proposed sending African Americans to Africa. The founding meeting took place on January 1, 1831, in the vestry of the Belknap Street Church. (Some sources list the date as January 1, 1832.) Garrison was the principal founder. The other founding members were: Benjamin Bierly of Amesbury, Massachusetts, Reverend Elijah Blanchard, Dr. Gamaliel Bradford, Elizabeth B. Chase, Joshua Easton, also a member of the Massachusetts General Colored Association, Charles Theodore Follen, Reverend Henry Grew, Reverend Cyrus Pitt Grosvenor, Ellis Gray Loring, Captain Jonas Parker of Reading, Massachusetts, Reverend Perry of Mendon, Massachusetts, Reverend Amos August Phelps, Reverend Aaron Pickett of Reading, Massachusetts, Samuel Edmund Sewall, Horace Wakefield, Amasa Walker, and a Reverend Yates. The Society sponsored lecturers or \"agents\" who traveled throughout the New England area, speaking in local churches or halls, and also selling abolitionist tracts or \"The Liberator\".", "New England Non-Resistance Society The New England Non-Resistance Society was an American peace group founded at a special peace convention organized by William Lloyd Garrison, in Boston in September 1838. Leading up to the convention, conservative members of the American Anti-Slavery Society and the American Peace Society expressed discomfort with Garrison's philosophy of \"non-resistance\" and inclusion of women in public political activities. After conservative attendees opposing Garrison walked out of the convention in protest, those remaining formed the \"New England Non-Resistance Society\". The Society condemned the use of force in resisting evil, in war, for the death penalty, or in self-defense, renounced allegiance to human government, and because of the anti-slavery cause, favored non-union with the American South. The New England Non-Resistance Society was one of the more radical of the many organizations founded by William Lloyd Garrison, adopting a Declaration of Sentiments of which he was the principal author, pledging themselves to deny the validity of social distinctions based on race, nationality or gender\", refusing obedience to human governments, and opposing even individual acts of self-defense. In the Society's \u201cDeclaration of Sentiments\u201d Garrison wrote, \"any person without distinction of sex or color, who consents to the principles of this Constitution may become a member and be entitled to speak at its meetings.\" The Society rejected loyalty to any human government; one historian has described the Non-Resistance Society's \"basic outlook as that of philosophical anarchism\". The declaration was signed by 44 people, of whom 20 were women. Maria Chapman became the editor of its publication,\" The Non-Resistant \"(1839 - 1840), along with Edmund Quincy (1808-1877), and William Lloyd Garrison and started publication in 1839. The first annual meeting was held in Philadelphia, Sept 24-27, 1839."], "answer": {"text": "founded the American Anti-Slavery Society (AAS). Although the New England society reorganized in 1835 as the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, enabling state societies to form in the other New England states,", "answer_start": 395}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of organization did William Lloyd Garrison work with?", "answer": {"text": "In addition to publishing The Liberator, Garrison spearheaded the organization of a new movement to demand the total abolition of slavery in the United States.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did Garrison work with?", "answer": {"text": "January 1832, he had attracted enough followers to organize the New-England Anti-Slavery Society which, by the following summer, had dozens of affiliates and several thousand members. In December 1833,", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_30b8da1ce5d443f09244987639ef2412_0_q#3", "question": "Was garrison also an Orator (Speaker)?", "rewrite": "Was william lloyd garrison also an Orator (Speaker)?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["William Lloyd Garrison School The William Lloyd Garrison School is a historic school building at 20 Hutchings Street in Boston, Massachusetts. Built in stages between 1910 and 1929 and named for abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison, it is a high-quality example of period school architecture, noted at the time for its state-of-the-art features. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, and has since been converted into residences. The former William Lloyd Garrison School is located in Boston's Roxbury neighborhood, north of Franklin Park between Hutchings and Brookledge Streets west of Elm Hill Avenue. It is a 2-1/2 story brick structure set on a raised basement, consisting of several different sections organized around a central courtyard and joined by passageways. Its elements are basically Colonial Revival in style, unified in part by the fact the three of its four building phases were designed by the same firm, Newhall & Blevins of Boston. The street-facing elements include basement-level windows on the original (eastern) block, and banks of classroom windows on the later western block. The school was built, and then repeatedly enlarged, to meet the demands of Boston's rapidly growing population. Its first section was built in 1910, and was featured in a book on grade schools published in 1914. In 1918 that block was extended to the south, and in 1922 the assembly hall was added, set at an angle to the main block on the Brookledge Street side of the property. The final enlargement was in 1929, adding the western wing which forms the north side of the courtyard.", "William Lloyd Garrison House The William Lloyd Garrison House, also known as Rockledge, is a National Historic Landmark house, located at 125 Highland Street in the Roxbury Highlands section of Boston, Massachusetts. Probably built in the 1840s or 1850s, it is significant as the longtime home of William Lloyd Garrison (1805\u20131879), one of the most high-profile abolitionist activists of the mid-19th century United States. Garrison published \"The Liberator\", the principal organ of the abolitionist movement, and spoke for the immediate emancipation of slaves. Despite significant later alterations to accommodate institutional uses, the building has retained much of its 19th-century fabric. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965 and is a pending Boston Landmark. It is not known exactly when, by whom, or for whom, the house was originally built. It was purchased by William Lloyd Garrison in 1864, and was his home until his death in 1879. It was then acquired by a non-profit organized by African-American supporters called the Rockledge Associates, who sought to preserve the property as a memorial to Garrison. In 1904 it was purchased by the Episcopal Sisters of the Society of St. Margaret, who altered the building to operate a home for needy elderly. In 2012 the Sisters property, including the Garrison House, was purchased by Emmanuel College, which operates its Notre Dame campus there. William Lloyd Garrison (1805\u20131879) was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, trained as a printer, and was from an early date involved in the anti-slavery cause. In 1830 he began publishing \"The Liberator\", which, despite a relatively modest circulation, became the leading publication of the abolitionist cause. On its pages Garrison regularly called for the immediate emancipation of all slaves. His advocacy was uncompromising, and upset not only slave-holding interests, but also members of the moderately anti-slavery business community.", "Fanny Garrison Villard Helen Frances \u201cFanny\u201d Garrison Villard (December 16, 1844 \u2013 July 5, 1928) was an American women's suffrage campaigner, pacifist and a co-founder of National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. She was the daughter of prominent publisher and abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison and the wife of railroad tycoon Henry Villard. Helen Frances Garrison, known to family and friends as \"Fanny,\" was born on December 16, 1844. She was the only surviving daughter of five sons and two daughters (of whom a son and a daughter died as children) born to Helen Eliza Benson (1811\u20131876) and William Lloyd Garrison (1805\u20131879). Her brother, William Lloyd Garrison Jr. (1838\u20131909), was a prominent advocate of the single tax, free trade, women's suffrage, and of the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act. Another brother, Wendell Phillips Garrison (1840\u20131907), was literary editor of \"The Nation\" from 1865 to 1906. Her other two brothers were George Thompson Garrison and Francis Jackson Garrison, who wrote a biography of their father and was named after abolitionist Francis Jackson. While raising her children, she led a life fairly typical life of a woman in a traditional upper-class marriage. After her children were grown and her husband died in 1900, Fanny Garrison Villard became more active in peace groups and women's rights. She joined the American Woman Suffrage Association along with Anna Shaw and Carrie Chapman Catt. In 1914, she marched against the First World War in New York City. After the winning of suffrage, she founded the Women's Peace Society on September 12, 1919. She was a delegate to The Hague in 1907, and in 1921 a fraternal delegate to the conference of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.", "There were, in its four-and-a-half year history, a total of 240 members, though no more than 120 at any one time. They lived on , raising livestock, running a sawmill, a gristmill, and a silk factory. While there, Truth met William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and David Ruggles. In 1846, the group disbanded, unable to support itself. In 1845, she joined the household of George Benson, the brother-in-law of William Lloyd Garrison. In 1849, she visited John Dumont before he moved west. Truth started dictating her memoirs to her friend Olive Gilbert, and in 1850 William Lloyd Garrison privately published her book, \"The Narrative of Sojourner Truth: a Northern Slave\". That same year, she purchased a home in what would become the village of Florence in Northampton for $300, and spoke at the first National Women's Rights Convention in Worcester, Massachusetts. In 1854, with proceeds from sales of the narrative and \"cartes-de-visite\" captioned, \"I sell the shadow to support the substance,\" she paid off the mortgage held by her friend from the community, Samuel L. Hill. In 1851, Truth joined George Thompson, an abolitionist and speaker, on a lecture tour through central and western New York State. In May, she attended the Ohio Women's Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio, where she delivered her famous extemporaneous speech on women's rights, later known as \"Ain't I a Woman?\". Her speech demanded equal human rights for all women as well as for all blacks. Advocating for women and African Americans was dangerous and challenging enough, but being one and doing so was far more difficult. The pressures and severity of her speech did not get to Truth, however. Truth took to the stage with a demanding and composed presence.", "The first annual meeting was held the second week in October 1836 at which Isaac Phelps, Esquire, was duly elected President; Henry Moore, Vice-President; Rev. R. G. Murray, Secretary. William Lloyd Garrison was one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society in New England in December 1933 that supported many local chapters. Soon following, Isaac Phelps also served as Vice-President of the Erie County Anti-Slavery Society and was one of the leaders of the newly formed Liberty Party in Erie County. The Liberty Party was a minor political party in the 1840s that was an early advocate for the abolitionist cause. On September 5, 1844, a county mass meeting of the Liberty Party, for the nomination of party candidates, was held at Griffins Mills. To push the cause further, at the Church monthly meeting on November 13, 1846, Rev. John Sanly opened with prayer, and Brother Joshua Phillips read the Resolutions that a committee had drawn up: On December 15, 1848, the Church directed that an Overture be sent to the district Presbytery at its next regular meeting asking: Additional anti-slavery sentiment was evident through documented visits by Sojourner Truth, who was an African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist. Although born into slavery in Swartekill, Ulster County, New York, she escaped to freedom in 1826. While living in Massachusetts in the 1840s, she fraternized with the likes of William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and David Ruggles. Truth started dictating her memoirs to her friend Olive Gilbert, and in 1850 William Lloyd Garrison privately published her book, \u201cThe Narrative of Sojourner Truth: A Northern Slave\u201d. At William Lloyd Garrison's suggestion, Truth accompanied the English abolitionist George Thompson on a lecture tour through western New York and Ohio so that she might have the opportunity to sell her book at twenty-five cents a copy."], "answer": {"text": "On October 21, 1835, a mob of several thousand surrounded the building housing Boston's anti-slavery offices, where Garrison had agreed to address a meeting of the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of organization did William Lloyd Garrison work with?", "answer": {"text": "In addition to publishing The Liberator, Garrison spearheaded the organization of a new movement to demand the total abolition of slavery in the United States.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did Garrison work with?", "answer": {"text": "January 1832, he had attracted enough followers to organize the New-England Anti-Slavery Society which, by the following summer, had dozens of affiliates and several thousand members. In December 1833,", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he successful in his anti slavery work?", "answer": {"text": "founded the American Anti-Slavery Society (AAS). Although the New England society reorganized in 1835 as the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, enabling state societies to form in the other New England states,", "answer_start": 395, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_30b8da1ce5d443f09244987639ef2412_0_q#4", "question": "What Happened on Oct. 21 , 1835 when he was mobbed?", "rewrite": "What Happened on Oct. 21 , 1835 when William Lloyd Garrison was mobbed?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["William Lloyd Garrison School The William Lloyd Garrison School is a historic school building at 20 Hutchings Street in Boston, Massachusetts. Built in stages between 1910 and 1929 and named for abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison, it is a high-quality example of period school architecture, noted at the time for its state-of-the-art features. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, and has since been converted into residences. The former William Lloyd Garrison School is located in Boston's Roxbury neighborhood, north of Franklin Park between Hutchings and Brookledge Streets west of Elm Hill Avenue. It is a 2-1/2 story brick structure set on a raised basement, consisting of several different sections organized around a central courtyard and joined by passageways. Its elements are basically Colonial Revival in style, unified in part by the fact the three of its four building phases were designed by the same firm, Newhall & Blevins of Boston. The street-facing elements include basement-level windows on the original (eastern) block, and banks of classroom windows on the later western block. The school was built, and then repeatedly enlarged, to meet the demands of Boston's rapidly growing population. Its first section was built in 1910, and was featured in a book on grade schools published in 1914. In 1918 that block was extended to the south, and in 1922 the assembly hall was added, set at an angle to the main block on the Brookledge Street side of the property. The final enlargement was in 1929, adding the western wing which forms the north side of the courtyard.", "The first annual meeting was held the second week in October 1836 at which Isaac Phelps, Esquire, was duly elected President; Henry Moore, Vice-President; Rev. R. G. Murray, Secretary. William Lloyd Garrison was one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society in New England in December 1933 that supported many local chapters. Soon following, Isaac Phelps also served as Vice-President of the Erie County Anti-Slavery Society and was one of the leaders of the newly formed Liberty Party in Erie County. The Liberty Party was a minor political party in the 1840s that was an early advocate for the abolitionist cause. On September 5, 1844, a county mass meeting of the Liberty Party, for the nomination of party candidates, was held at Griffins Mills. To push the cause further, at the Church monthly meeting on November 13, 1846, Rev. John Sanly opened with prayer, and Brother Joshua Phillips read the Resolutions that a committee had drawn up: On December 15, 1848, the Church directed that an Overture be sent to the district Presbytery at its next regular meeting asking: Additional anti-slavery sentiment was evident through documented visits by Sojourner Truth, who was an African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist. Although born into slavery in Swartekill, Ulster County, New York, she escaped to freedom in 1826. While living in Massachusetts in the 1840s, she fraternized with the likes of William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and David Ruggles. Truth started dictating her memoirs to her friend Olive Gilbert, and in 1850 William Lloyd Garrison privately published her book, \u201cThe Narrative of Sojourner Truth: A Northern Slave\u201d. At William Lloyd Garrison's suggestion, Truth accompanied the English abolitionist George Thompson on a lecture tour through western New York and Ohio so that she might have the opportunity to sell her book at twenty-five cents a copy.", "William Lloyd Garrison House The William Lloyd Garrison House, also known as Rockledge, is a National Historic Landmark house, located at 125 Highland Street in the Roxbury Highlands section of Boston, Massachusetts. Probably built in the 1840s or 1850s, it is significant as the longtime home of William Lloyd Garrison (1805\u20131879), one of the most high-profile abolitionist activists of the mid-19th century United States. Garrison published \"The Liberator\", the principal organ of the abolitionist movement, and spoke for the immediate emancipation of slaves. Despite significant later alterations to accommodate institutional uses, the building has retained much of its 19th-century fabric. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965 and is a pending Boston Landmark. It is not known exactly when, by whom, or for whom, the house was originally built. It was purchased by William Lloyd Garrison in 1864, and was his home until his death in 1879. It was then acquired by a non-profit organized by African-American supporters called the Rockledge Associates, who sought to preserve the property as a memorial to Garrison. In 1904 it was purchased by the Episcopal Sisters of the Society of St. Margaret, who altered the building to operate a home for needy elderly. In 2012 the Sisters property, including the Garrison House, was purchased by Emmanuel College, which operates its Notre Dame campus there. William Lloyd Garrison (1805\u20131879) was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, trained as a printer, and was from an early date involved in the anti-slavery cause. In 1830 he began publishing \"The Liberator\", which, despite a relatively modest circulation, became the leading publication of the abolitionist cause. On its pages Garrison regularly called for the immediate emancipation of all slaves. His advocacy was uncompromising, and upset not only slave-holding interests, but also members of the moderately anti-slavery business community.", "Fanny Garrison Villard Helen Frances \u201cFanny\u201d Garrison Villard (December 16, 1844 \u2013 July 5, 1928) was an American women's suffrage campaigner, pacifist and a co-founder of National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. She was the daughter of prominent publisher and abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison and the wife of railroad tycoon Henry Villard. Helen Frances Garrison, known to family and friends as \"Fanny,\" was born on December 16, 1844. She was the only surviving daughter of five sons and two daughters (of whom a son and a daughter died as children) born to Helen Eliza Benson (1811\u20131876) and William Lloyd Garrison (1805\u20131879). Her brother, William Lloyd Garrison Jr. (1838\u20131909), was a prominent advocate of the single tax, free trade, women's suffrage, and of the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act. Another brother, Wendell Phillips Garrison (1840\u20131907), was literary editor of \"The Nation\" from 1865 to 1906. Her other two brothers were George Thompson Garrison and Francis Jackson Garrison, who wrote a biography of their father and was named after abolitionist Francis Jackson. While raising her children, she led a life fairly typical life of a woman in a traditional upper-class marriage. After her children were grown and her husband died in 1900, Fanny Garrison Villard became more active in peace groups and women's rights. She joined the American Woman Suffrage Association along with Anna Shaw and Carrie Chapman Catt. In 1914, she marched against the First World War in New York City. After the winning of suffrage, she founded the Women's Peace Society on September 12, 1919. She was a delegate to The Hague in 1907, and in 1921 a fraternal delegate to the conference of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.", "New England Non-Resistance Society The New England Non-Resistance Society was an American peace group founded at a special peace convention organized by William Lloyd Garrison, in Boston in September 1838. Leading up to the convention, conservative members of the American Anti-Slavery Society and the American Peace Society expressed discomfort with Garrison's philosophy of \"non-resistance\" and inclusion of women in public political activities. After conservative attendees opposing Garrison walked out of the convention in protest, those remaining formed the \"New England Non-Resistance Society\". The Society condemned the use of force in resisting evil, in war, for the death penalty, or in self-defense, renounced allegiance to human government, and because of the anti-slavery cause, favored non-union with the American South. The New England Non-Resistance Society was one of the more radical of the many organizations founded by William Lloyd Garrison, adopting a Declaration of Sentiments of which he was the principal author, pledging themselves to deny the validity of social distinctions based on race, nationality or gender\", refusing obedience to human governments, and opposing even individual acts of self-defense. In the Society's \u201cDeclaration of Sentiments\u201d Garrison wrote, \"any person without distinction of sex or color, who consents to the principles of this Constitution may become a member and be entitled to speak at its meetings.\" The Society rejected loyalty to any human government; one historian has described the Non-Resistance Society's \"basic outlook as that of philosophical anarchism\". The declaration was signed by 44 people, of whom 20 were women. Maria Chapman became the editor of its publication,\" The Non-Resistant \"(1839 - 1840), along with Edmund Quincy (1808-1877), and William Lloyd Garrison and started publication in 1839. The first annual meeting was held in Philadelphia, Sept 24-27, 1839."], "answer": {"text": "after the fiery British abolitionist George Thompson was unable to keep his engagement with them.", "answer_start": 199}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of organization did William Lloyd Garrison work with?", "answer": {"text": "In addition to publishing The Liberator, Garrison spearheaded the organization of a new movement to demand the total abolition of slavery in the United States.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did Garrison work with?", "answer": {"text": "January 1832, he had attracted enough followers to organize the New-England Anti-Slavery Society which, by the following summer, had dozens of affiliates and several thousand members. In December 1833,", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he successful in his anti slavery work?", "answer": {"text": "founded the American Anti-Slavery Society (AAS). Although the New England society reorganized in 1835 as the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, enabling state societies to form in the other New England states,", "answer_start": 395, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was garrison also an Orator (Speaker)?", "answer": {"text": "On October 21, 1835, a mob of several thousand surrounded the building housing Boston's anti-slavery offices, where Garrison had agreed to address a meeting of the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_30b8da1ce5d443f09244987639ef2412_0_q#5", "question": "What happened after the mobbing in Oct. of 1835?", "rewrite": "What happened after William Lloyd Garrison's mobbing in Oct. of 1835?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The first annual meeting was held the second week in October 1836 at which Isaac Phelps, Esquire, was duly elected President; Henry Moore, Vice-President; Rev. R. G. Murray, Secretary. William Lloyd Garrison was one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society in New England in December 1933 that supported many local chapters. Soon following, Isaac Phelps also served as Vice-President of the Erie County Anti-Slavery Society and was one of the leaders of the newly formed Liberty Party in Erie County. The Liberty Party was a minor political party in the 1840s that was an early advocate for the abolitionist cause. On September 5, 1844, a county mass meeting of the Liberty Party, for the nomination of party candidates, was held at Griffins Mills. To push the cause further, at the Church monthly meeting on November 13, 1846, Rev. John Sanly opened with prayer, and Brother Joshua Phillips read the Resolutions that a committee had drawn up: On December 15, 1848, the Church directed that an Overture be sent to the district Presbytery at its next regular meeting asking: Additional anti-slavery sentiment was evident through documented visits by Sojourner Truth, who was an African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist. Although born into slavery in Swartekill, Ulster County, New York, she escaped to freedom in 1826. While living in Massachusetts in the 1840s, she fraternized with the likes of William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and David Ruggles. Truth started dictating her memoirs to her friend Olive Gilbert, and in 1850 William Lloyd Garrison privately published her book, \u201cThe Narrative of Sojourner Truth: A Northern Slave\u201d. At William Lloyd Garrison's suggestion, Truth accompanied the English abolitionist George Thompson on a lecture tour through western New York and Ohio so that she might have the opportunity to sell her book at twenty-five cents a copy.", "New England Non-Resistance Society The New England Non-Resistance Society was an American peace group founded at a special peace convention organized by William Lloyd Garrison, in Boston in September 1838. Leading up to the convention, conservative members of the American Anti-Slavery Society and the American Peace Society expressed discomfort with Garrison's philosophy of \"non-resistance\" and inclusion of women in public political activities. After conservative attendees opposing Garrison walked out of the convention in protest, those remaining formed the \"New England Non-Resistance Society\". The Society condemned the use of force in resisting evil, in war, for the death penalty, or in self-defense, renounced allegiance to human government, and because of the anti-slavery cause, favored non-union with the American South. The New England Non-Resistance Society was one of the more radical of the many organizations founded by William Lloyd Garrison, adopting a Declaration of Sentiments of which he was the principal author, pledging themselves to deny the validity of social distinctions based on race, nationality or gender\", refusing obedience to human governments, and opposing even individual acts of self-defense. In the Society's \u201cDeclaration of Sentiments\u201d Garrison wrote, \"any person without distinction of sex or color, who consents to the principles of this Constitution may become a member and be entitled to speak at its meetings.\" The Society rejected loyalty to any human government; one historian has described the Non-Resistance Society's \"basic outlook as that of philosophical anarchism\". The declaration was signed by 44 people, of whom 20 were women. Maria Chapman became the editor of its publication,\" The Non-Resistant \"(1839 - 1840), along with Edmund Quincy (1808-1877), and William Lloyd Garrison and started publication in 1839. The first annual meeting was held in Philadelphia, Sept 24-27, 1839.", "Fanny Garrison Villard Helen Frances \u201cFanny\u201d Garrison Villard (December 16, 1844 \u2013 July 5, 1928) was an American women's suffrage campaigner, pacifist and a co-founder of National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. She was the daughter of prominent publisher and abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison and the wife of railroad tycoon Henry Villard. Helen Frances Garrison, known to family and friends as \"Fanny,\" was born on December 16, 1844. She was the only surviving daughter of five sons and two daughters (of whom a son and a daughter died as children) born to Helen Eliza Benson (1811\u20131876) and William Lloyd Garrison (1805\u20131879). Her brother, William Lloyd Garrison Jr. (1838\u20131909), was a prominent advocate of the single tax, free trade, women's suffrage, and of the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act. Another brother, Wendell Phillips Garrison (1840\u20131907), was literary editor of \"The Nation\" from 1865 to 1906. Her other two brothers were George Thompson Garrison and Francis Jackson Garrison, who wrote a biography of their father and was named after abolitionist Francis Jackson. While raising her children, she led a life fairly typical life of a woman in a traditional upper-class marriage. After her children were grown and her husband died in 1900, Fanny Garrison Villard became more active in peace groups and women's rights. She joined the American Woman Suffrage Association along with Anna Shaw and Carrie Chapman Catt. In 1914, she marched against the First World War in New York City. After the winning of suffrage, she founded the Women's Peace Society on September 12, 1919. She was a delegate to The Hague in 1907, and in 1921 a fraternal delegate to the conference of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.", "William Lloyd Garrison School The William Lloyd Garrison School is a historic school building at 20 Hutchings Street in Boston, Massachusetts. Built in stages between 1910 and 1929 and named for abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison, it is a high-quality example of period school architecture, noted at the time for its state-of-the-art features. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, and has since been converted into residences. The former William Lloyd Garrison School is located in Boston's Roxbury neighborhood, north of Franklin Park between Hutchings and Brookledge Streets west of Elm Hill Avenue. It is a 2-1/2 story brick structure set on a raised basement, consisting of several different sections organized around a central courtyard and joined by passageways. Its elements are basically Colonial Revival in style, unified in part by the fact the three of its four building phases were designed by the same firm, Newhall & Blevins of Boston. The street-facing elements include basement-level windows on the original (eastern) block, and banks of classroom windows on the later western block. The school was built, and then repeatedly enlarged, to meet the demands of Boston's rapidly growing population. Its first section was built in 1910, and was featured in a book on grade schools published in 1914. In 1918 that block was extended to the south, and in 1922 the assembly hall was added, set at an angle to the main block on the Brookledge Street side of the property. The final enlargement was in 1929, adding the western wing which forms the north side of the courtyard.", "William Lloyd Garrison House The William Lloyd Garrison House, also known as Rockledge, is a National Historic Landmark house, located at 125 Highland Street in the Roxbury Highlands section of Boston, Massachusetts. Probably built in the 1840s or 1850s, it is significant as the longtime home of William Lloyd Garrison (1805\u20131879), one of the most high-profile abolitionist activists of the mid-19th century United States. Garrison published \"The Liberator\", the principal organ of the abolitionist movement, and spoke for the immediate emancipation of slaves. Despite significant later alterations to accommodate institutional uses, the building has retained much of its 19th-century fabric. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965 and is a pending Boston Landmark. It is not known exactly when, by whom, or for whom, the house was originally built. It was purchased by William Lloyd Garrison in 1864, and was his home until his death in 1879. It was then acquired by a non-profit organized by African-American supporters called the Rockledge Associates, who sought to preserve the property as a memorial to Garrison. In 1904 it was purchased by the Episcopal Sisters of the Society of St. Margaret, who altered the building to operate a home for needy elderly. In 2012 the Sisters property, including the Garrison House, was purchased by Emmanuel College, which operates its Notre Dame campus there. William Lloyd Garrison (1805\u20131879) was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, trained as a printer, and was from an early date involved in the anti-slavery cause. In 1830 he began publishing \"The Liberator\", which, despite a relatively modest circulation, became the leading publication of the abolitionist cause. On its pages Garrison regularly called for the immediate emancipation of all slaves. His advocacy was uncompromising, and upset not only slave-holding interests, but also members of the moderately anti-slavery business community."], "answer": {"text": "Mayor Theodore Lyman persuaded the women to leave the building, but when the mob learned that Thompson was not within, they began yelling for Garrison.", "answer_start": 297}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of organization did William Lloyd Garrison work with?", "answer": {"text": "In addition to publishing The Liberator, Garrison spearheaded the organization of a new movement to demand the total abolition of slavery in the United States.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did Garrison work with?", "answer": {"text": "January 1832, he had attracted enough followers to organize the New-England Anti-Slavery Society which, by the following summer, had dozens of affiliates and several thousand members. In December 1833,", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he successful in his anti slavery work?", "answer": {"text": "founded the American Anti-Slavery Society (AAS). Although the New England society reorganized in 1835 as the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, enabling state societies to form in the other New England states,", "answer_start": 395, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was garrison also an Orator (Speaker)?", "answer": {"text": "On October 21, 1835, a mob of several thousand surrounded the building housing Boston's anti-slavery offices, where Garrison had agreed to address a meeting of the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What Happened on Oct. 21 , 1835 when he was mobbed?", "answer": {"text": "after the fiery British abolitionist George Thompson was unable to keep his engagement with them.", "answer_start": 199, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_30b8da1ce5d443f09244987639ef2412_0_q#6", "question": "What happened with Garrison after the women left the building in the mobbing in 1835?", "rewrite": "What happened with William Lloyd Garrison after the women left the building in the mobbing in 1835?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["William Lloyd Garrison House The William Lloyd Garrison House, also known as Rockledge, is a National Historic Landmark house, located at 125 Highland Street in the Roxbury Highlands section of Boston, Massachusetts. Probably built in the 1840s or 1850s, it is significant as the longtime home of William Lloyd Garrison (1805\u20131879), one of the most high-profile abolitionist activists of the mid-19th century United States. Garrison published \"The Liberator\", the principal organ of the abolitionist movement, and spoke for the immediate emancipation of slaves. Despite significant later alterations to accommodate institutional uses, the building has retained much of its 19th-century fabric. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965 and is a pending Boston Landmark. It is not known exactly when, by whom, or for whom, the house was originally built. It was purchased by William Lloyd Garrison in 1864, and was his home until his death in 1879. It was then acquired by a non-profit organized by African-American supporters called the Rockledge Associates, who sought to preserve the property as a memorial to Garrison. In 1904 it was purchased by the Episcopal Sisters of the Society of St. Margaret, who altered the building to operate a home for needy elderly. In 2012 the Sisters property, including the Garrison House, was purchased by Emmanuel College, which operates its Notre Dame campus there. William Lloyd Garrison (1805\u20131879) was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, trained as a printer, and was from an early date involved in the anti-slavery cause. In 1830 he began publishing \"The Liberator\", which, despite a relatively modest circulation, became the leading publication of the abolitionist cause. On its pages Garrison regularly called for the immediate emancipation of all slaves. His advocacy was uncompromising, and upset not only slave-holding interests, but also members of the moderately anti-slavery business community.", "New England Non-Resistance Society The New England Non-Resistance Society was an American peace group founded at a special peace convention organized by William Lloyd Garrison, in Boston in September 1838. Leading up to the convention, conservative members of the American Anti-Slavery Society and the American Peace Society expressed discomfort with Garrison's philosophy of \"non-resistance\" and inclusion of women in public political activities. After conservative attendees opposing Garrison walked out of the convention in protest, those remaining formed the \"New England Non-Resistance Society\". The Society condemned the use of force in resisting evil, in war, for the death penalty, or in self-defense, renounced allegiance to human government, and because of the anti-slavery cause, favored non-union with the American South. The New England Non-Resistance Society was one of the more radical of the many organizations founded by William Lloyd Garrison, adopting a Declaration of Sentiments of which he was the principal author, pledging themselves to deny the validity of social distinctions based on race, nationality or gender\", refusing obedience to human governments, and opposing even individual acts of self-defense. In the Society's \u201cDeclaration of Sentiments\u201d Garrison wrote, \"any person without distinction of sex or color, who consents to the principles of this Constitution may become a member and be entitled to speak at its meetings.\" The Society rejected loyalty to any human government; one historian has described the Non-Resistance Society's \"basic outlook as that of philosophical anarchism\". The declaration was signed by 44 people, of whom 20 were women. Maria Chapman became the editor of its publication,\" The Non-Resistant \"(1839 - 1840), along with Edmund Quincy (1808-1877), and William Lloyd Garrison and started publication in 1839. The first annual meeting was held in Philadelphia, Sept 24-27, 1839.", "The first annual meeting was held the second week in October 1836 at which Isaac Phelps, Esquire, was duly elected President; Henry Moore, Vice-President; Rev. R. G. Murray, Secretary. William Lloyd Garrison was one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society in New England in December 1933 that supported many local chapters. Soon following, Isaac Phelps also served as Vice-President of the Erie County Anti-Slavery Society and was one of the leaders of the newly formed Liberty Party in Erie County. The Liberty Party was a minor political party in the 1840s that was an early advocate for the abolitionist cause. On September 5, 1844, a county mass meeting of the Liberty Party, for the nomination of party candidates, was held at Griffins Mills. To push the cause further, at the Church monthly meeting on November 13, 1846, Rev. John Sanly opened with prayer, and Brother Joshua Phillips read the Resolutions that a committee had drawn up: On December 15, 1848, the Church directed that an Overture be sent to the district Presbytery at its next regular meeting asking: Additional anti-slavery sentiment was evident through documented visits by Sojourner Truth, who was an African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist. Although born into slavery in Swartekill, Ulster County, New York, she escaped to freedom in 1826. While living in Massachusetts in the 1840s, she fraternized with the likes of William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and David Ruggles. Truth started dictating her memoirs to her friend Olive Gilbert, and in 1850 William Lloyd Garrison privately published her book, \u201cThe Narrative of Sojourner Truth: A Northern Slave\u201d. At William Lloyd Garrison's suggestion, Truth accompanied the English abolitionist George Thompson on a lecture tour through western New York and Ohio so that she might have the opportunity to sell her book at twenty-five cents a copy.", "Fanny Garrison Villard Helen Frances \u201cFanny\u201d Garrison Villard (December 16, 1844 \u2013 July 5, 1928) was an American women's suffrage campaigner, pacifist and a co-founder of National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. She was the daughter of prominent publisher and abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison and the wife of railroad tycoon Henry Villard. Helen Frances Garrison, known to family and friends as \"Fanny,\" was born on December 16, 1844. She was the only surviving daughter of five sons and two daughters (of whom a son and a daughter died as children) born to Helen Eliza Benson (1811\u20131876) and William Lloyd Garrison (1805\u20131879). Her brother, William Lloyd Garrison Jr. (1838\u20131909), was a prominent advocate of the single tax, free trade, women's suffrage, and of the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act. Another brother, Wendell Phillips Garrison (1840\u20131907), was literary editor of \"The Nation\" from 1865 to 1906. Her other two brothers were George Thompson Garrison and Francis Jackson Garrison, who wrote a biography of their father and was named after abolitionist Francis Jackson. While raising her children, she led a life fairly typical life of a woman in a traditional upper-class marriage. After her children were grown and her husband died in 1900, Fanny Garrison Villard became more active in peace groups and women's rights. She joined the American Woman Suffrage Association along with Anna Shaw and Carrie Chapman Catt. In 1914, she marched against the First World War in New York City. After the winning of suffrage, she founded the Women's Peace Society on September 12, 1919. She was a delegate to The Hague in 1907, and in 1921 a fraternal delegate to the conference of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.", "William Lloyd Garrison School The William Lloyd Garrison School is a historic school building at 20 Hutchings Street in Boston, Massachusetts. Built in stages between 1910 and 1929 and named for abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison, it is a high-quality example of period school architecture, noted at the time for its state-of-the-art features. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, and has since been converted into residences. The former William Lloyd Garrison School is located in Boston's Roxbury neighborhood, north of Franklin Park between Hutchings and Brookledge Streets west of Elm Hill Avenue. It is a 2-1/2 story brick structure set on a raised basement, consisting of several different sections organized around a central courtyard and joined by passageways. Its elements are basically Colonial Revival in style, unified in part by the fact the three of its four building phases were designed by the same firm, Newhall & Blevins of Boston. The street-facing elements include basement-level windows on the original (eastern) block, and banks of classroom windows on the later western block. The school was built, and then repeatedly enlarged, to meet the demands of Boston's rapidly growing population. Its first section was built in 1910, and was featured in a book on grade schools published in 1914. In 1918 that block was extended to the south, and in 1922 the assembly hall was added, set at an angle to the main block on the Brookledge Street side of the property. The final enlargement was in 1929, adding the western wing which forms the north side of the courtyard."], "answer": {"text": "The mob spotted and apprehended Garrison, tied a rope around his waist, and pulled him through the streets towards Boston Common, calling for tar and feathers.", "answer_start": 622}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of organization did William Lloyd Garrison work with?", "answer": {"text": "In addition to publishing The Liberator, Garrison spearheaded the organization of a new movement to demand the total abolition of slavery in the United States.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did Garrison work with?", "answer": {"text": "January 1832, he had attracted enough followers to organize the New-England Anti-Slavery Society which, by the following summer, had dozens of affiliates and several thousand members. In December 1833,", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he successful in his anti slavery work?", "answer": {"text": "founded the American Anti-Slavery Society (AAS). Although the New England society reorganized in 1835 as the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, enabling state societies to form in the other New England states,", "answer_start": 395, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was garrison also an Orator (Speaker)?", "answer": {"text": "On October 21, 1835, a mob of several thousand surrounded the building housing Boston's anti-slavery offices, where Garrison had agreed to address a meeting of the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What Happened on Oct. 21 , 1835 when he was mobbed?", "answer": {"text": "after the fiery British abolitionist George Thompson was unable to keep his engagement with them.", "answer_start": 199, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What happened after the mobbing in Oct. of 1835?", "answer": {"text": "Mayor Theodore Lyman persuaded the women to leave the building, but when the mob learned that Thompson was not within, they began yelling for Garrison.", "answer_start": 297, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_37efbb9ee0a646ff8bd1900b82ae6d28_0_q#0", "question": "what happened during the third era?", "rewrite": "what happened during the third era?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Though the ruling classes of Bali, the Courts and the clergy, adhered to ancestral religious concepts and ritual, somehow Javanese Islamic literature penetrated into mercantile middle-class communities in the country, and a small Muslim Javano-Balinese literature developed. Its exact chronology is unknown, but its relationship with seventeenth and eighteenth century Javanese Pasisir literature or the following era is indubitable. The third era of the chronological scheme introduced in the present Synopsis is the era of Javanese \"Pasisir\" literature of about three centuries, beginning about 1500 AD. So it coincides with the first half of the era of Javano-Balinese literature. Texts belonging to era C of the scheme were written in the literary idioms of East Java, Madura and the North Coast districts. \"Pasisir\" is a Javanese word meaning 'coast' or 'costal line'. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries Islam was in the ascendant in Java. Political power devolved from the inland Court of Majapahit to Muslim dynasts ruling in various maritime districts and trading centres on the North Coast. In these districts, from Surabaya and Gresik in the east up to Cerbon and Banten in the west, a rejuvenated Javanese literature developed under the influence of Islam. In the period of \"Pasisir\" culture authors were very active in writing books on all subjects belonging to the sphere of Muslim Javanese civilization. Far from ignoring pre-Islamic literature, however, they assimilated many elements of Old Javanese culture. The result was an amalgam of Muslim and pre-Islamic culture, in several respects showing survivals of ancient indigenous Javanese concepts. The three centres of Pasisir literature in Java were Surabaya (with Gresik), Demak (with Japara) and C\u00e9rbon (with Banten).", "Since then operations were made with brutal rapidity, and there was no regard for antisepsis. The second era is signed by progress in knowledge and skills, but still surgeons would make unnecessary long incisions for their operations, ignoring the damage they could procure by using this method, making after all the body of the patient in front of a higher risk to get infected. Then with Lister and Pasteur discoveries there it came the third era, characterized by the consciousness that the microbe had to be considered bigger than the man (\"In the First and Second Eras of surgery man was bigger than the microbe; in the Third Era the microbe was bigger than the man\"). But still, using Morris' own words, \"incisions suitable for killing bears were being applied to weak patients and also surgeons made multiple incisions for purpose of drainage and these also caused shock\". The last one era is based upon the revolutionary and recent idea that the patient, on the whole, is his own best antiseptic. He was a pro of this new point of view, which was contrasted for a long time, since it had come universally accepted. Inspired by an experiment made by Dawbarn (who was able to demonstrate that the pus originated in an abdominal infection could not be all removed in the course of the surgical operation by making a sort of try by pouring milk into the abdominal cavity of a cadaver and then trying in vane to get it completely out), he started to operate appendicitis with a new revolutionary method based upon the reduction of shock for the patient, making small incisions, and omitting pads (used for the purpose of protection) and the excessive drainage.", "In 1993 the Pentagon urged defense contractors to consolidate due to the collapse of communism and shrinking defense budget. The third era of the Military Industrial Complex has seen the most change as defense contractors either consolidated or shifted their focus to civilian innovation. From 1992 to 1997 there was a total of $55 Billion worth of mergers in the defense industry. Major defense companies purchased smaller defense companies and became the major companies that we know today. In the current era, the Military Industrial Complex is seen as a core part of American policy-making. The American domestic economy is now tied directly to the success of the MIC which has led to concerns of repression as Cold War era attitudes are still prevalent among the American public. Shifts in values and the collapse of communism have ushered in a new era for the Military Industrial Complex. The Department of Defense works in coordination with traditional military industrial complex aligned companies such as Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman. Many former defense contractors have shifted operations to the civilian market and sold off their defense departments. Benefits of the Military Industrial Complex of the United States include the advancement of the civilian technology market as civilian companies benefit from innovations from the MIC and vice versa. The Military Subsidy Theory is the theory that the effects of the Cold War era mass production of aircraft benefited the civilian aircraft industry. The theory asserts that the technologies developed during the Cold War along with the financial backing of the military led to the dominance of American aviation companies. There is also strong evidence that the United States federal government intentionally paid a higher price for these innovations to serve as a subsidy for civilian aircraft advancement. According to SIPRI, total world spending on military expenses in 2009 was $1.531 trillion U.S. dollars. 46.5% of this total, roughly $712 billion U.S. dollars, was spent by the United States.", "Socialism 3.0 Socialism 3.0 refers to the third era of socialism in China which is distinguished from Mao Zedong's equalitarianism era and Deng Xiaoping's Reform and Opening-up era. It is also referred to as the post-reform era. This concept was first proposed by Professor Wang Shaoguang from the Chinese University of Hong Kong in a non-published speech. It was later referred by Peter Martin and David Cohen in their article Socialism 3.0 in China, which mainly focused on Bo Xilai's Chongqing Model. The authors cast doubt on the Maoist policies adopted by Bo Xilai, a high-rank of Communist Party of China and chief official of Chongqing, China, being a feasible future for China's Socialism.", "List of Muslim historians The following is a list of Muslim historians writing in the Islamic historiographical tradition, which developed from hadith literature in the time of the first caliphs. This list is focused on pre-modern historians who wrote before the heavy European influence that occurred from the 19th century onward. First era: 700-750 (Ibn Zubayr and al-Zuhri's histories no longer exist, but they are referenced in later works). Second era: 750-800 Third era: 800-860 Fourth era: 860-900 Fifth era: 900-950"], "answer": {"text": "In 2011, Industrial Records had an official \"re-activation\", as TG's contract with Mute Records had expired.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_37efbb9ee0a646ff8bd1900b82ae6d28_0_q#1", "question": "what is a re-activation?", "rewrite": "what is a re-activation with Mute Records?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mute Records Mute Records Ltd. is a British independent record label owned and founded in 1978 by Daniel Miller. It has featured several prominent musical acts on its roster such as Depeche Mode, Erasure, Fad Gadget, Goldfrapp, Grinderman, Inspiral Carpets, Moby, New Order, Nitzer Ebb, Wire, Yeasayer, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, Yazoo, and M83. During 1978, Daniel Miller began recording music, using synthesisers, under the name The Normal. He recorded the tracks \"T.V.O.D.\" and \"Warm Leatherette\" and distributed them through Rough Trade Shops under the label name Mute Records. The label was formed initially just to release the one single. \" T.V.O.D.\"/\"Warm Leatherette\" became a cult hit ensuring the future of the label. \" Warm Leatherette\" was later covered by Grace Jones and Chicks on Speed as well as Rose McDowell. After meeting Robert Rental (who had previously worked with Thomas Leer), Miller began recording and playing live as Robert Rental & The Normal. In 1979 the band went on tour supporting the punk band Stiff Little Fingers, which had just released an album distributed by Rough Trade. In 1980, Miller released the single \"Kebab-Tr\u00e4ume\" by the German band Deutsch Amerikanische Freundschaft (D.A.F.), who had recently moved to London. The band's 1980 album, \"Die Kleinen und die B\u00f6sen\", was the first album released by the new label. The album had the catalogue prefix \"STUMM\", a play on the record label's name, meaning \"mute\" in German. This prefix was used through most of the label's album catalogue.", "Also in 1980, Miller recorded and released the cover single \"Memphis Tennessee\" under the name Silicon Teens. The band was Miller's realisation of a dream Mute Records group whose main instruments were synthesisers. In mid-1980, Mute Records released the Silicon Teens' album, titled \"Music For Parties\". Around this time the artist Fad Gadget had begun recording new demos, including the track \"Back To Nature\". This was released as a single in 1980, followed by the next single \"Ricky's Hand\" and the album \"Fireside Favourites\" recorded at Blackwing Studios. September 1980 saw the release of the double-holed, multi-speed 7\" single by Non & Smegma, one of the first experimental noise releases from the label. Boyd Rice (Non) went on to release several more recordings with Mute Records. After touring with Daniel Miller as Robert Rental & The Normal, Robert Rental released his only Mute Records single, \"Double Heart\", a rare remaining trace of this late electronic music pioneer. Miller approached Depeche Mode in 1980, after seeing them perform in London, wanting them to record a single for his label; that first single was \"Dreaming of Me\". Emerging out of the British electronic pop scene, Depeche Mode quickly asserted themselves as a radio-friendly pop group, and they had hits with their next three singles, including the UK top ten single \"Just Can't Get Enough\". Their loyalty to Mute was reciprocated by the label's rapid expansion to cope with their success. In defiance of the major record labels' predictions of failure, Depeche Mode became successful worldwide, even after the departure of principal songwriter Vince Clarke. Martin Gore took over the main songwriting role, opening the band up to different influences and sustaining their creativity.", "Moon & the Sky Moon & the Sky is a song by synthpop duo Erasure. Originally intended as the second single from their ninth studio album \"Loveboat\", the album cut was remixed drastically for radio play by Jason Creasey and packaged with enough additional tracks and mixes that it could be considered an EP. Mute Records released the single in the UK under the title \"Moon & the Sky Plus\", a similar tactic used for one of Erasure's previous singles (\"Rain\"). The song was written by Vince Clarke and Andy Bell and is an uptempo, electronic dance track. In its album version the song has a harsher, more techno-influenced feel. Maverick Records, Erasure's U.S. record label at the time, requested the single remixes but ended up passing on the \"Loveboat\" album altogether and releasing Erasure from their contract, leaving Mute records to release the U.S. version of \"Loveboat\" in 2003. The extended track count and running time of \"Moon & the Sky Plus\" made it ineligible for the UK singles chart at the time. A 12 inch single, presented as a double A-side with a remix of Loveboat track \"Perchance To Dream\" was also released. Similar to the promo version (P12MUTE248) distributed to nightclub DJs to promote the album, the two-track record was credited to \"V & A\" (referring to the members of Erasure, Vince Clark and Andy Bell, rather than naming them outright). The 12\" was only available from the Mute Records' own shop (Mute Bank) and specialist dance music shops.", "At the time he was living in London, in a small house. The only space where he could set up his studio was in a cupboard. The initial equipment he used consisted mainly of his Grundig tape recorder. At this time he was using no musical instrument at all. The first keyboard instrument he owned was a Crumar Compac electric piano. He also bought a Korg Minipops drum machine from a home organ shop. He eventually decided to purchase a Korg synthesiser. He thought that due to his lack of musical ability he would be able to create some impressive sounds. After the purchase of this equipment he began writing music seriously; it was at this time he sent a demo tape of \"Back to Nature\" to Daniel Miller, who had just released his first single as The Normal. Tovey signed as Fad Gadget to Daniel Miller's Mute Records. He was the first artist to sign to Mute. \"Back to Nature\" was recorded as the second Mute Records release at RMS Studio in London. At the time RMS was an eight track studio. Tovey had no real experience of recording within a studio environment, so he left most of the decision making to Daniel Miller. Most of the recorded instruments on \"Back to Nature\" belonged to Tovey, although he used equipment belonging to Miller as well; this included an ARP 2600 synthesiser. \"Back to Nature\" was a great success for Mute Records so a follow-up record was produced; the follow-up was titled \"Ricky's Hand\". The recording included Tovey's wife, Barbara, singing a vocal part near the end of the recording; the vocal part is then mixed with a synthesiser part into the outro of the song. Tovey then went on to record an album for Mute Records. \" Fireside Favourites\" was recorded at Blackwing Studios in London.", "The Grey Area of Mute Records discography The Grey Area is a Mute Records division founded in 1990 to restore and reissue the catalogue of artists who influenced Daniel Miller, head of Mute Records, and to reissue previous recordings of Mute artists. In 1983, Mute had to partner with Industrial Records for the reissue of Throbbing Gristle albums. This division was created following the partnerships signed with Can and Cabaret Voltaire."], "answer": {"text": "Since TG has permanently disbanded following the death of Christopherson, the label's plan is to re-release the original TG albums (", "answer_start": 109}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened during the third era?", "answer": {"text": "In 2011, Industrial Records had an official \"re-activation\", as TG's contract with Mute Records had expired.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_37efbb9ee0a646ff8bd1900b82ae6d28_0_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides the re-release of the original Throbbing Gristle albums, are there any other interesting aspects about the article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The name \"Throbbing Gristle\" was adopted after a Northern English slang term for an erect penis. P-Orridge's involvement in Throbbing Gristle led to the artist being regularly cited as the \"Godfather of Industrial Music\", or in some later sources, \"godparent\". The first Throbbing Gristle performance was held at the Air Gallery in London in July 1976. At that point, Throbbing Gristle's headquarters was located at 10 Martello Street, Hackney, East London, the address of an artist collective. P-Orridge and Tutti's living and work space was the mailing address of Industrial Records (IR). Throbbing Gristle released \"Discipline\" in 1980. TG came to be identified as the founders of industrial music, although at the same time the academic Drew Daniel asserted that as a result of its eclecticism, their music resists clear analysis. Throbbing Gristle's best-selling single was \"Zyklon B Zombie\" (1978), the title being a reference to the Zyklon B poison gas used at Auschwitz extermination camp. With their album \" 20 Jazz Funk Greats\" they attempted to move away from their industrial sound, and produced songs in a variety of different musical genres. P-Orridge received a number of threatening phone calls, proceeding to record them and use them as a backing track for the TG song \"Death Threats\". The final IR release was called \"Nothing Here Now But the Recordings\", a best-of album taken from the archives of William S. Burroughs, who provided P-Orridge and Christopherson with access to his reel-to-reel tape archive. The final Throbbing Gristle live event, \"Mission of Dead Souls\", occurred in May 1981 at the Kezar Pavilion in San Francisco, US.", "Throbbing Gristle live performances Throbbing Gristle were noted for their live performances, which were often experimental and quite different from their pre-recorded work. In addition to studio albums, a large number of recordings of live shows were released, of varying sound quality. A concise history of Throbbing Gristle and COUM Transmissions can be found in Simon Ford's book \"Wreckers of Civilisation\" (). A 25 CD boxed set, \"TG24\", documenting many live Throbbing Gristle performances was released in December 2002. A follow-up to this boxset chronicling the last 10 performances was released as \"TG+\" in January 2004. These releases accumulated recordings that had originally been released on cassette-only boxed sets and individually released vinyl albums of official and bootleg status. Long out of circulation, the new releases sparked a renewed interest in the band. Throbbing Gristle were scheduled to play a live show in May 2004 at the RE~TG festival, but the festival was cancelled due to poor ticket sales, rising costs and scheduling complications. They decided to play anyway and set up a show at The Astoria in London on Sunday 16 May 2004, which was the same day they were to play at RE~TG. The show was free but open only to those who had tickets to RE~TG, whether they had obtained a refund or transferred the ticket to a later concert at All Tomorrow's Parties, in December 2004. The show was filmed by the band, and was released as part of the DVD box set \"TGV\". It was Throbbing Gristle's first live performance in nearly 23 years to the day. The reformed band (with all four original members) then played a concert in Italy in June 2005 and two concerts at the Volksb\u00fchne, Berlin, Germany on 31 December 2005 and 1 January 2006.", "Industrial Records Industrial Records is a record label established in 1976 by industrial music group and performance artists Throbbing Gristle. The group created the label primarily for self-releases but also signed several other groups and artists. The label gave a name to the industrial music genre. Artists released through the label included Cabaret Voltaire, Clock DVA, SPK, Thomas Leer & Robert Rental, The Leather Nun, plus \"outrage\" artist Monte Cazazza, the author William S. Burroughs' auditory works, and a solo album by Throbbing Gristle member Chris Carter. A notable departure from the \"industrial\" form of the label was the blues standard \"Stormy Weather\" sung by Elisabeth Welch, taken from the soundtrack of Derek Jarman's film \"The Tempest\". The label's first LP was Throbbing Gristle's debut LP \"The Second Annual Report\" which was limited to 786 copies. It came in bootleg-like packaging: a plain white card sleeve with glued-on xerox information strips. The Industrial Records logo is a stark black and white depiction a low-definition photo of an Auschwitz crematory. In 2011 the label had an official \"re-activation\" as Throbbing Gristle's contract with Mute Records had expired. Since the band has permanently disbanded following the \"death\" of Sleazy, the label's plan is to re-release the original Throbbing Gristle albums (\"The Second Annual Report\", \"\", \"20 Jazz Funk Greats\", \"Heathen Earth\", and \"Greatest Hits\") on the label. Originally intended to be released all at once on 26 September 2011, the label had to delay due to a Sony DADC warehouse fire in London.", "Throbbing Gristle evolved from the performance art group COUM Transmissions, which was formed in Kingston upon Hull by a group of performers centred on Genesis P-Orridge and Cosey Fanni Tutti. The last known performance of COUM Transmissions--Prostitution, an exhibition which was held in October 1976 at the Institute of Contemporary Arts--was also the public debut of Throbbing Gristle. Throbbing Gristle's confrontational live performances and use of often disturbing imagery, including pornography and photographs of Nazi concentration camps, gave the group a notorious reputation. However, the group always maintained that their mission was to challenge and explore the darker and obsessive sides of the human condition rather than to make attractive music. Throbbing Gristle made extensive use of pre-recorded tape-based samples and special effects to produce a distinctive, highly distorted background, usually accompanied by lyrics or spoken-word performances by Cosey Fanni Tutti or Genesis P-Orridge. Though they asserted they wanted to provoke their audience into thinking for themselves rather than pushing any specific agenda (as evidenced by the song \"Don't Do As You're Told, Do As You Think\" on Heathen Earth), Throbbing Gristle also frequently associated with the anarchist punk scene. They appeared in the fanzine Toxic Grafity, with a condensation of their own propaganda parody series, Industrial News. In 1977, they released their debut single, \"United / Zyklon B Zombie\", followed by an album, The Second Annual Report. Although pressed in a limited initial run of 786 copies on the band's own Industrial Records label, it was later re-released on Mute Records due to high demand; however, this later release was reversed with all tracks playing backwards and in reverse order. This was followed by a series of albums, singles and live performances over a four-year period.", "Peter Christopherson Peter Martin Christopherson (also known as Sleazy, 27 February 1955 \u2013 25 November 2010) was a musician, video director, commercial artist, designer and photographer, and former member of British design agency Hipgnosis. He was one of the original members of the Industrial Records band Throbbing Gristle (TG). After the disbandment of Throbbing Gristle, he participated in the formation of Psychic TV along with Genesis P-Orridge and Geoff Rushton\u2014Rushton later changed his name to John Balance. After his short time in Psychic TV, Christopherson formed Coil with Balance, which lasted for just under 23 years, until Balance died of a fall in the Weston-super-Mare home he shared with Christopherson. Christopherson participated in the reunification of Throbbing Gristle and, after his relocation to Thailand in 2005, composed an album for his solo endeavour The Threshold HouseBoys Choir. Christopherson died in his sleep on 25 November 2010. Christopherson was born on 27 February 1955 in Leeds, England. His father, Derman Christopherson, was a professor of engineering who became master of Magdalene College, Cambridge prior to receiving a knighthood. Following school, Christopherson studied computer programming, theatre design and video at the State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo) in New York, United States (US). Christopherson was a founding member of Throbbing Gristle, who are credited with creating the industrial music genre before disbanding in 1981. Throbbing Gristle members Chris Carter and Cosey Fanni Tutti formed their own group, while Christopherson and the band's other member P-Orridge formed Psychic TV with Balance and other musicians. Balance met Christopherson as a Throbbing Gristle fan and the two became intimate partners."], "answer": {"text": "A group decision had been made prior to Christopherson's death that the album would be recorded afresh, as they were not satisfied with the ICA recordings.", "answer_start": 1041}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened during the third era?", "answer": {"text": "In 2011, Industrial Records had an official \"re-activation\", as TG's contract with Mute Records had expired.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is a re-activation?", "answer": {"text": "Since TG has permanently disbanded following the death of Christopherson, the label's plan is to re-release the original TG albums (", "answer_start": 109, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_37efbb9ee0a646ff8bd1900b82ae6d28_0_q#5", "question": "what was the most interesting part of the article to you?", "rewrite": "What was the most interesting part of the Throbbing Gristle article to you?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1978, John Balance (born Geoff[rey] Burton; also known as Rushton, by his stepfather's surname) was a teenage zine journalist, writing--along with his schoolmate Tom Craig, the grandson of an artist Edward Carrick--under a moniker Stabmental, through which he published the articles on UK underground artists, including seminal industrial bands Throbbing Gristle and Cabaret Voltaire. A Throbbing Gristle fan, Balance had contacted them via mail, and thus befriended the Throbbing Gristle' frontman Genesis P-Orridge. In February 1980, Balance had attended a Throbbing Gristle gig recorded for the album Heathen Earth, where he had first met P-Orridge's bandmate Peter \"Sleazy\" Christopherson and befriended him as well. Following the dissolution of Throbbing Gristle in 1981, P-Orridge, Christopherson, and Alex Fergusson (formerly of Alternative TV) went on to form the new project, titled Psychic TV, along with the accompanying fellowship titled Thee Temple ov Psychick Youth. Balance, who had attended the University of Sussex for a short time and participated in Brian Williams' Lustmord project, returned in London to live with Christopherson--with whom a romantic partnership had begun. As Psychic TV member, Balance participated in the recording of the single \"Just Drifting\" (from the album Force the Hand of Chance) and, the following year, of the album Dreams Less Sweet. Already having an experience of performing and recording previous to his tenure in Psychic TV, Balance went on to use the name Coil in 1982, originally envisioned for the solo project.", "Peter Christopherson Peter Martin Christopherson (also known as Sleazy, 27 February 1955 \u2013 25 November 2010) was a musician, video director, commercial artist, designer and photographer, and former member of British design agency Hipgnosis. He was one of the original members of the Industrial Records band Throbbing Gristle (TG). After the disbandment of Throbbing Gristle, he participated in the formation of Psychic TV along with Genesis P-Orridge and Geoff Rushton\u2014Rushton later changed his name to John Balance. After his short time in Psychic TV, Christopherson formed Coil with Balance, which lasted for just under 23 years, until Balance died of a fall in the Weston-super-Mare home he shared with Christopherson. Christopherson participated in the reunification of Throbbing Gristle and, after his relocation to Thailand in 2005, composed an album for his solo endeavour The Threshold HouseBoys Choir. Christopherson died in his sleep on 25 November 2010. Christopherson was born on 27 February 1955 in Leeds, England. His father, Derman Christopherson, was a professor of engineering who became master of Magdalene College, Cambridge prior to receiving a knighthood. Following school, Christopherson studied computer programming, theatre design and video at the State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo) in New York, United States (US). Christopherson was a founding member of Throbbing Gristle, who are credited with creating the industrial music genre before disbanding in 1981. Throbbing Gristle members Chris Carter and Cosey Fanni Tutti formed their own group, while Christopherson and the band's other member P-Orridge formed Psychic TV with Balance and other musicians. Balance met Christopherson as a Throbbing Gristle fan and the two became intimate partners.", "TG24 TG24 is a box set by industrial music pioneers Throbbing Gristle. TG24 was originally released as a cassette boxed set in 1980. The set contained the first of Throbbing Gristle's 24 shows in addition to two C90 cassettes taken from a Throbbing Gristle radio interview. The set was presented in a small attache case with a personalised handmade collage and various autographed pictures. The box set originally was planned to be released with 24 CDs, however orders from Mute.com included an extra CD. The set contains a total of 26 Throbbing Gristle live performances (IRCD03 has two shows on it). The follow-up boxset, \"TG+\" contains an additional 10 live performances. Box set includes the following items: certificate of authenticity, wax sealed envelope, two patches, three stickers, four pictures of Throbbing Gristle, four collage prints (1 of 2 made by each member of the band specifically for this release), three button badges and a newsletter with a history of the group and the track listing of the box set. Dates given in Year-Month-Day format. Previous to the release of the \"TG24\" boxset, a sampler titled \"TG24 1 Hour Sample\" was released for promotion. The CD was available via Mute Records carrying the dual catalogue number: IRCD--/PTG60CD. The CD was compiled by Olivier Cormier Otano and edited on Pro Tools by Anne Carruthers.", "The name \"Throbbing Gristle\" was adopted after a Northern English slang term for an erect penis. P-Orridge's involvement in Throbbing Gristle led to the artist being regularly cited as the \"Godfather of Industrial Music\", or in some later sources, \"godparent\". The first Throbbing Gristle performance was held at the Air Gallery in London in July 1976. At that point, Throbbing Gristle's headquarters was located at 10 Martello Street, Hackney, East London, the address of an artist collective. P-Orridge and Tutti's living and work space was the mailing address of Industrial Records (IR). Throbbing Gristle released \"Discipline\" in 1980. TG came to be identified as the founders of industrial music, although at the same time the academic Drew Daniel asserted that as a result of its eclecticism, their music resists clear analysis. Throbbing Gristle's best-selling single was \"Zyklon B Zombie\" (1978), the title being a reference to the Zyklon B poison gas used at Auschwitz extermination camp. With their album \" 20 Jazz Funk Greats\" they attempted to move away from their industrial sound, and produced songs in a variety of different musical genres. P-Orridge received a number of threatening phone calls, proceeding to record them and use them as a backing track for the TG song \"Death Threats\". The final IR release was called \"Nothing Here Now But the Recordings\", a best-of album taken from the archives of William S. Burroughs, who provided P-Orridge and Christopherson with access to his reel-to-reel tape archive. The final Throbbing Gristle live event, \"Mission of Dead Souls\", occurred in May 1981 at the Kezar Pavilion in San Francisco, US.", "Throbbing Gristle live performances Throbbing Gristle were noted for their live performances, which were often experimental and quite different from their pre-recorded work. In addition to studio albums, a large number of recordings of live shows were released, of varying sound quality. A concise history of Throbbing Gristle and COUM Transmissions can be found in Simon Ford's book \"Wreckers of Civilisation\" (). A 25 CD boxed set, \"TG24\", documenting many live Throbbing Gristle performances was released in December 2002. A follow-up to this boxset chronicling the last 10 performances was released as \"TG+\" in January 2004. These releases accumulated recordings that had originally been released on cassette-only boxed sets and individually released vinyl albums of official and bootleg status. Long out of circulation, the new releases sparked a renewed interest in the band. Throbbing Gristle were scheduled to play a live show in May 2004 at the RE~TG festival, but the festival was cancelled due to poor ticket sales, rising costs and scheduling complications. They decided to play anyway and set up a show at The Astoria in London on Sunday 16 May 2004, which was the same day they were to play at RE~TG. The show was free but open only to those who had tickets to RE~TG, whether they had obtained a refund or transferred the ticket to a later concert at All Tomorrow's Parties, in December 2004. The show was filmed by the band, and was released as part of the DVD box set \"TGV\". It was Throbbing Gristle's first live performance in nearly 23 years to the day. The reformed band (with all four original members) then played a concert in Italy in June 2005 and two concerts at the Volksb\u00fchne, Berlin, Germany on 31 December 2005 and 1 January 2006."], "answer": {"text": "A group decision had been made prior to Christopherson's death that the album would be recorded afresh, as they were not satisfied with the ICA recordings.", "answer_start": 1041}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened during the third era?", "answer": {"text": "In 2011, Industrial Records had an official \"re-activation\", as TG's contract with Mute Records had expired.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is a re-activation?", "answer": {"text": "Since TG has permanently disbanded following the death of Christopherson, the label's plan is to re-release the original TG albums (", "answer_start": 109, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "A group decision had been made prior to Christopherson's death that the album would be recorded afresh, as they were not satisfied with the ICA recordings.", "answer_start": 1041, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why weren't they satisfied with the recordings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did christopherson die of?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_37efbb9ee0a646ff8bd1900b82ae6d28_1_q#0", "question": "What about the first era of Throbbing Gristle 1976-1981?", "rewrite": "What about the first era of Throbbing Gristle 1976-1981?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1978, John Balance (born Geoff[rey] Burton; also known as Rushton, by his stepfather's surname) was a teenage zine journalist, writing--along with his schoolmate Tom Craig, the grandson of an artist Edward Carrick--under a moniker Stabmental, through which he published the articles on UK underground artists, including seminal industrial bands Throbbing Gristle and Cabaret Voltaire. A Throbbing Gristle fan, Balance had contacted them via mail, and thus befriended the Throbbing Gristle' frontman Genesis P-Orridge. In February 1980, Balance had attended a Throbbing Gristle gig recorded for the album Heathen Earth, where he had first met P-Orridge's bandmate Peter \"Sleazy\" Christopherson and befriended him as well. Following the dissolution of Throbbing Gristle in 1981, P-Orridge, Christopherson, and Alex Fergusson (formerly of Alternative TV) went on to form the new project, titled Psychic TV, along with the accompanying fellowship titled Thee Temple ov Psychick Youth. Balance, who had attended the University of Sussex for a short time and participated in Brian Williams' Lustmord project, returned in London to live with Christopherson--with whom a romantic partnership had begun. As Psychic TV member, Balance participated in the recording of the single \"Just Drifting\" (from the album Force the Hand of Chance) and, the following year, of the album Dreams Less Sweet. Already having an experience of performing and recording previous to his tenure in Psychic TV, Balance went on to use the name Coil in 1982, originally envisioned for the solo project.", "Throbbing Gristle live performances Throbbing Gristle were noted for their live performances, which were often experimental and quite different from their pre-recorded work. In addition to studio albums, a large number of recordings of live shows were released, of varying sound quality. A concise history of Throbbing Gristle and COUM Transmissions can be found in Simon Ford's book \"Wreckers of Civilisation\" (). A 25 CD boxed set, \"TG24\", documenting many live Throbbing Gristle performances was released in December 2002. A follow-up to this boxset chronicling the last 10 performances was released as \"TG+\" in January 2004. These releases accumulated recordings that had originally been released on cassette-only boxed sets and individually released vinyl albums of official and bootleg status. Long out of circulation, the new releases sparked a renewed interest in the band. Throbbing Gristle were scheduled to play a live show in May 2004 at the RE~TG festival, but the festival was cancelled due to poor ticket sales, rising costs and scheduling complications. They decided to play anyway and set up a show at The Astoria in London on Sunday 16 May 2004, which was the same day they were to play at RE~TG. The show was free but open only to those who had tickets to RE~TG, whether they had obtained a refund or transferred the ticket to a later concert at All Tomorrow's Parties, in December 2004. The show was filmed by the band, and was released as part of the DVD box set \"TGV\". It was Throbbing Gristle's first live performance in nearly 23 years to the day. The reformed band (with all four original members) then played a concert in Italy in June 2005 and two concerts at the Volksb\u00fchne, Berlin, Germany on 31 December 2005 and 1 January 2006.", "Industrial Records Industrial Records is a record label established in 1976 by industrial music group and performance artists Throbbing Gristle. The group created the label primarily for self-releases but also signed several other groups and artists. The label gave a name to the industrial music genre. Artists released through the label included Cabaret Voltaire, Clock DVA, SPK, Thomas Leer & Robert Rental, The Leather Nun, plus \"outrage\" artist Monte Cazazza, the author William S. Burroughs' auditory works, and a solo album by Throbbing Gristle member Chris Carter. A notable departure from the \"industrial\" form of the label was the blues standard \"Stormy Weather\" sung by Elisabeth Welch, taken from the soundtrack of Derek Jarman's film \"The Tempest\". The label's first LP was Throbbing Gristle's debut LP \"The Second Annual Report\" which was limited to 786 copies. It came in bootleg-like packaging: a plain white card sleeve with glued-on xerox information strips. The Industrial Records logo is a stark black and white depiction a low-definition photo of an Auschwitz crematory. In 2011 the label had an official \"re-activation\" as Throbbing Gristle's contract with Mute Records had expired. Since the band has permanently disbanded following the \"death\" of Sleazy, the label's plan is to re-release the original Throbbing Gristle albums (\"The Second Annual Report\", \"\", \"20 Jazz Funk Greats\", \"Heathen Earth\", and \"Greatest Hits\") on the label. Originally intended to be released all at once on 26 September 2011, the label had to delay due to a Sony DADC warehouse fire in London.", "Peter Christopherson Peter Martin Christopherson (also known as Sleazy, 27 February 1955 \u2013 25 November 2010) was a musician, video director, commercial artist, designer and photographer, and former member of British design agency Hipgnosis. He was one of the original members of the Industrial Records band Throbbing Gristle (TG). After the disbandment of Throbbing Gristle, he participated in the formation of Psychic TV along with Genesis P-Orridge and Geoff Rushton\u2014Rushton later changed his name to John Balance. After his short time in Psychic TV, Christopherson formed Coil with Balance, which lasted for just under 23 years, until Balance died of a fall in the Weston-super-Mare home he shared with Christopherson. Christopherson participated in the reunification of Throbbing Gristle and, after his relocation to Thailand in 2005, composed an album for his solo endeavour The Threshold HouseBoys Choir. Christopherson died in his sleep on 25 November 2010. Christopherson was born on 27 February 1955 in Leeds, England. His father, Derman Christopherson, was a professor of engineering who became master of Magdalene College, Cambridge prior to receiving a knighthood. Following school, Christopherson studied computer programming, theatre design and video at the State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo) in New York, United States (US). Christopherson was a founding member of Throbbing Gristle, who are credited with creating the industrial music genre before disbanding in 1981. Throbbing Gristle members Chris Carter and Cosey Fanni Tutti formed their own group, while Christopherson and the band's other member P-Orridge formed Psychic TV with Balance and other musicians. Balance met Christopherson as a Throbbing Gristle fan and the two became intimate partners.", "The name \"Throbbing Gristle\" was adopted after a Northern English slang term for an erect penis. P-Orridge's involvement in Throbbing Gristle led to the artist being regularly cited as the \"Godfather of Industrial Music\", or in some later sources, \"godparent\". The first Throbbing Gristle performance was held at the Air Gallery in London in July 1976. At that point, Throbbing Gristle's headquarters was located at 10 Martello Street, Hackney, East London, the address of an artist collective. P-Orridge and Tutti's living and work space was the mailing address of Industrial Records (IR). Throbbing Gristle released \"Discipline\" in 1980. TG came to be identified as the founders of industrial music, although at the same time the academic Drew Daniel asserted that as a result of its eclecticism, their music resists clear analysis. Throbbing Gristle's best-selling single was \"Zyklon B Zombie\" (1978), the title being a reference to the Zyklon B poison gas used at Auschwitz extermination camp. With their album \" 20 Jazz Funk Greats\" they attempted to move away from their industrial sound, and produced songs in a variety of different musical genres. P-Orridge received a number of threatening phone calls, proceeding to record them and use them as a backing track for the TG song \"Death Threats\". The final IR release was called \"Nothing Here Now But the Recordings\", a best-of album taken from the archives of William S. Burroughs, who provided P-Orridge and Christopherson with access to his reel-to-reel tape archive. The final Throbbing Gristle live event, \"Mission of Dead Souls\", occurred in May 1981 at the Kezar Pavilion in San Francisco, US."], "answer": {"text": "Prostitution, an exhibition which was held in October 1976 at the Institute of Contemporary Arts", "answer_start": 243}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_37efbb9ee0a646ff8bd1900b82ae6d28_1_q#3", "question": "What was Throbbing Gristle?", "rewrite": "What was Throbbing Gristle?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the Shadow of the Sun (album) In the Shadow of the Sun is an improvised musical score by Throbbing Gristle for the 1981 Derek Jarman film of the same name. \"In the Shadow of the Sun\" is an improvised musical score for the film of the same name by Derek Jarman. Throbbing Gristle founder Genesis P-Orridge called the film \"ambient video\", used to \"enhance or complete an environment.\" Simon Ford, author of the Throbbing Gristle biography \"Wreckers of Civilisation: The Story of COUM Transmissions & Throbbing Gristle\", opined that both the movie and its accompanying soundtrack \"revelled in distortion, chance and formlessness.\" Throbbing Gristle played a new version of the soundtrack live during their April 2009 United States tour. Psychic TV performed a reinterpreted version of the soundtrack live along with a screening of the film at Cafe Oto in London during their spring 2017 European tour. \"The Wire\" described the soundtrack as \"dark and mournful\".", "Throbbing Gristle live performances Throbbing Gristle were noted for their live performances, which were often experimental and quite different from their pre-recorded work. In addition to studio albums, a large number of recordings of live shows were released, of varying sound quality. A concise history of Throbbing Gristle and COUM Transmissions can be found in Simon Ford's book \"Wreckers of Civilisation\" (). A 25 CD boxed set, \"TG24\", documenting many live Throbbing Gristle performances was released in December 2002. A follow-up to this boxset chronicling the last 10 performances was released as \"TG+\" in January 2004. These releases accumulated recordings that had originally been released on cassette-only boxed sets and individually released vinyl albums of official and bootleg status. Long out of circulation, the new releases sparked a renewed interest in the band. Throbbing Gristle were scheduled to play a live show in May 2004 at the RE~TG festival, but the festival was cancelled due to poor ticket sales, rising costs and scheduling complications. They decided to play anyway and set up a show at The Astoria in London on Sunday 16 May 2004, which was the same day they were to play at RE~TG. The show was free but open only to those who had tickets to RE~TG, whether they had obtained a refund or transferred the ticket to a later concert at All Tomorrow's Parties, in December 2004. The show was filmed by the band, and was released as part of the DVD box set \"TGV\". It was Throbbing Gristle's first live performance in nearly 23 years to the day. The reformed band (with all four original members) then played a concert in Italy in June 2005 and two concerts at the Volksb\u00fchne, Berlin, Germany on 31 December 2005 and 1 January 2006.", "The name \"Throbbing Gristle\" was adopted after a Northern English slang term for an erect penis. P-Orridge's involvement in Throbbing Gristle led to the artist being regularly cited as the \"Godfather of Industrial Music\", or in some later sources, \"godparent\". The first Throbbing Gristle performance was held at the Air Gallery in London in July 1976. At that point, Throbbing Gristle's headquarters was located at 10 Martello Street, Hackney, East London, the address of an artist collective. P-Orridge and Tutti's living and work space was the mailing address of Industrial Records (IR). Throbbing Gristle released \"Discipline\" in 1980. TG came to be identified as the founders of industrial music, although at the same time the academic Drew Daniel asserted that as a result of its eclecticism, their music resists clear analysis. Throbbing Gristle's best-selling single was \"Zyklon B Zombie\" (1978), the title being a reference to the Zyklon B poison gas used at Auschwitz extermination camp. With their album \" 20 Jazz Funk Greats\" they attempted to move away from their industrial sound, and produced songs in a variety of different musical genres. P-Orridge received a number of threatening phone calls, proceeding to record them and use them as a backing track for the TG song \"Death Threats\". The final IR release was called \"Nothing Here Now But the Recordings\", a best-of album taken from the archives of William S. Burroughs, who provided P-Orridge and Christopherson with access to his reel-to-reel tape archive. The final Throbbing Gristle live event, \"Mission of Dead Souls\", occurred in May 1981 at the Kezar Pavilion in San Francisco, US.", "Peter Christopherson Peter Martin Christopherson (also known as Sleazy, 27 February 1955 \u2013 25 November 2010) was a musician, video director, commercial artist, designer and photographer, and former member of British design agency Hipgnosis. He was one of the original members of the Industrial Records band Throbbing Gristle (TG). After the disbandment of Throbbing Gristle, he participated in the formation of Psychic TV along with Genesis P-Orridge and Geoff Rushton\u2014Rushton later changed his name to John Balance. After his short time in Psychic TV, Christopherson formed Coil with Balance, which lasted for just under 23 years, until Balance died of a fall in the Weston-super-Mare home he shared with Christopherson. Christopherson participated in the reunification of Throbbing Gristle and, after his relocation to Thailand in 2005, composed an album for his solo endeavour The Threshold HouseBoys Choir. Christopherson died in his sleep on 25 November 2010. Christopherson was born on 27 February 1955 in Leeds, England. His father, Derman Christopherson, was a professor of engineering who became master of Magdalene College, Cambridge prior to receiving a knighthood. Following school, Christopherson studied computer programming, theatre design and video at the State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo) in New York, United States (US). Christopherson was a founding member of Throbbing Gristle, who are credited with creating the industrial music genre before disbanding in 1981. Throbbing Gristle members Chris Carter and Cosey Fanni Tutti formed their own group, while Christopherson and the band's other member P-Orridge formed Psychic TV with Balance and other musicians. Balance met Christopherson as a Throbbing Gristle fan and the two became intimate partners.", "Industrial Records Industrial Records is a record label established in 1976 by industrial music group and performance artists Throbbing Gristle. The group created the label primarily for self-releases but also signed several other groups and artists. The label gave a name to the industrial music genre. Artists released through the label included Cabaret Voltaire, Clock DVA, SPK, Thomas Leer & Robert Rental, The Leather Nun, plus \"outrage\" artist Monte Cazazza, the author William S. Burroughs' auditory works, and a solo album by Throbbing Gristle member Chris Carter. A notable departure from the \"industrial\" form of the label was the blues standard \"Stormy Weather\" sung by Elisabeth Welch, taken from the soundtrack of Derek Jarman's film \"The Tempest\". The label's first LP was Throbbing Gristle's debut LP \"The Second Annual Report\" which was limited to 786 copies. It came in bootleg-like packaging: a plain white card sleeve with glued-on xerox information strips. The Industrial Records logo is a stark black and white depiction a low-definition photo of an Auschwitz crematory. In 2011 the label had an official \"re-activation\" as Throbbing Gristle's contract with Mute Records had expired. Since the band has permanently disbanded following the \"death\" of Sleazy, the label's plan is to re-release the original Throbbing Gristle albums (\"The Second Annual Report\", \"\", \"20 Jazz Funk Greats\", \"Heathen Earth\", and \"Greatest Hits\") on the label. Originally intended to be released all at once on 26 September 2011, the label had to delay due to a Sony DADC warehouse fire in London."], "answer": {"text": "pornography and photographs of Nazi concentration camps,", "answer_start": 490}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What about the first era of Throbbing Gristle 1976-1981?", "answer": {"text": "Prostitution, an exhibition which was held in October 1976 at the Institute of Contemporary Arts", "answer_start": 243, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it well-received?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any other exhibitions?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_37efbb9ee0a646ff8bd1900b82ae6d28_1_q#4", "question": "Did that upset people?", "rewrite": "Did Throbbing Gristle upset people?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Peter Christopherson Peter Martin Christopherson (also known as Sleazy, 27 February 1955 \u2013 25 November 2010) was a musician, video director, commercial artist, designer and photographer, and former member of British design agency Hipgnosis. He was one of the original members of the Industrial Records band Throbbing Gristle (TG). After the disbandment of Throbbing Gristle, he participated in the formation of Psychic TV along with Genesis P-Orridge and Geoff Rushton\u2014Rushton later changed his name to John Balance. After his short time in Psychic TV, Christopherson formed Coil with Balance, which lasted for just under 23 years, until Balance died of a fall in the Weston-super-Mare home he shared with Christopherson. Christopherson participated in the reunification of Throbbing Gristle and, after his relocation to Thailand in 2005, composed an album for his solo endeavour The Threshold HouseBoys Choir. Christopherson died in his sleep on 25 November 2010. Christopherson was born on 27 February 1955 in Leeds, England. His father, Derman Christopherson, was a professor of engineering who became master of Magdalene College, Cambridge prior to receiving a knighthood. Following school, Christopherson studied computer programming, theatre design and video at the State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo) in New York, United States (US). Christopherson was a founding member of Throbbing Gristle, who are credited with creating the industrial music genre before disbanding in 1981. Throbbing Gristle members Chris Carter and Cosey Fanni Tutti formed their own group, while Christopherson and the band's other member P-Orridge formed Psychic TV with Balance and other musicians. Balance met Christopherson as a Throbbing Gristle fan and the two became intimate partners.", "The name \"Throbbing Gristle\" was adopted after a Northern English slang term for an erect penis. P-Orridge's involvement in Throbbing Gristle led to the artist being regularly cited as the \"Godfather of Industrial Music\", or in some later sources, \"godparent\". The first Throbbing Gristle performance was held at the Air Gallery in London in July 1976. At that point, Throbbing Gristle's headquarters was located at 10 Martello Street, Hackney, East London, the address of an artist collective. P-Orridge and Tutti's living and work space was the mailing address of Industrial Records (IR). Throbbing Gristle released \"Discipline\" in 1980. TG came to be identified as the founders of industrial music, although at the same time the academic Drew Daniel asserted that as a result of its eclecticism, their music resists clear analysis. Throbbing Gristle's best-selling single was \"Zyklon B Zombie\" (1978), the title being a reference to the Zyklon B poison gas used at Auschwitz extermination camp. With their album \" 20 Jazz Funk Greats\" they attempted to move away from their industrial sound, and produced songs in a variety of different musical genres. P-Orridge received a number of threatening phone calls, proceeding to record them and use them as a backing track for the TG song \"Death Threats\". The final IR release was called \"Nothing Here Now But the Recordings\", a best-of album taken from the archives of William S. Burroughs, who provided P-Orridge and Christopherson with access to his reel-to-reel tape archive. The final Throbbing Gristle live event, \"Mission of Dead Souls\", occurred in May 1981 at the Kezar Pavilion in San Francisco, US.", "Industrial Records Industrial Records is a record label established in 1976 by industrial music group and performance artists Throbbing Gristle. The group created the label primarily for self-releases but also signed several other groups and artists. The label gave a name to the industrial music genre. Artists released through the label included Cabaret Voltaire, Clock DVA, SPK, Thomas Leer & Robert Rental, The Leather Nun, plus \"outrage\" artist Monte Cazazza, the author William S. Burroughs' auditory works, and a solo album by Throbbing Gristle member Chris Carter. A notable departure from the \"industrial\" form of the label was the blues standard \"Stormy Weather\" sung by Elisabeth Welch, taken from the soundtrack of Derek Jarman's film \"The Tempest\". The label's first LP was Throbbing Gristle's debut LP \"The Second Annual Report\" which was limited to 786 copies. It came in bootleg-like packaging: a plain white card sleeve with glued-on xerox information strips. The Industrial Records logo is a stark black and white depiction a low-definition photo of an Auschwitz crematory. In 2011 the label had an official \"re-activation\" as Throbbing Gristle's contract with Mute Records had expired. Since the band has permanently disbanded following the \"death\" of Sleazy, the label's plan is to re-release the original Throbbing Gristle albums (\"The Second Annual Report\", \"\", \"20 Jazz Funk Greats\", \"Heathen Earth\", and \"Greatest Hits\") on the label. Originally intended to be released all at once on 26 September 2011, the label had to delay due to a Sony DADC warehouse fire in London.", "Throbbing Gristle live performances Throbbing Gristle were noted for their live performances, which were often experimental and quite different from their pre-recorded work. In addition to studio albums, a large number of recordings of live shows were released, of varying sound quality. A concise history of Throbbing Gristle and COUM Transmissions can be found in Simon Ford's book \"Wreckers of Civilisation\" (). A 25 CD boxed set, \"TG24\", documenting many live Throbbing Gristle performances was released in December 2002. A follow-up to this boxset chronicling the last 10 performances was released as \"TG+\" in January 2004. These releases accumulated recordings that had originally been released on cassette-only boxed sets and individually released vinyl albums of official and bootleg status. Long out of circulation, the new releases sparked a renewed interest in the band. Throbbing Gristle were scheduled to play a live show in May 2004 at the RE~TG festival, but the festival was cancelled due to poor ticket sales, rising costs and scheduling complications. They decided to play anyway and set up a show at The Astoria in London on Sunday 16 May 2004, which was the same day they were to play at RE~TG. The show was free but open only to those who had tickets to RE~TG, whether they had obtained a refund or transferred the ticket to a later concert at All Tomorrow's Parties, in December 2004. The show was filmed by the band, and was released as part of the DVD box set \"TGV\". It was Throbbing Gristle's first live performance in nearly 23 years to the day. The reformed band (with all four original members) then played a concert in Italy in June 2005 and two concerts at the Volksb\u00fchne, Berlin, Germany on 31 December 2005 and 1 January 2006.", "In 1978, John Balance (born Geoff[rey] Burton; also known as Rushton, by his stepfather's surname) was a teenage zine journalist, writing--along with his schoolmate Tom Craig, the grandson of an artist Edward Carrick--under a moniker Stabmental, through which he published the articles on UK underground artists, including seminal industrial bands Throbbing Gristle and Cabaret Voltaire. A Throbbing Gristle fan, Balance had contacted them via mail, and thus befriended the Throbbing Gristle' frontman Genesis P-Orridge. In February 1980, Balance had attended a Throbbing Gristle gig recorded for the album Heathen Earth, where he had first met P-Orridge's bandmate Peter \"Sleazy\" Christopherson and befriended him as well. Following the dissolution of Throbbing Gristle in 1981, P-Orridge, Christopherson, and Alex Fergusson (formerly of Alternative TV) went on to form the new project, titled Psychic TV, along with the accompanying fellowship titled Thee Temple ov Psychick Youth. Balance, who had attended the University of Sussex for a short time and participated in Brian Williams' Lustmord project, returned in London to live with Christopherson--with whom a romantic partnership had begun. As Psychic TV member, Balance participated in the recording of the single \"Just Drifting\" (from the album Force the Hand of Chance) and, the following year, of the album Dreams Less Sweet. Already having an experience of performing and recording previous to his tenure in Psychic TV, Balance went on to use the name Coil in 1982, originally envisioned for the solo project."], "answer": {"text": "gave the group a notorious reputation.", "answer_start": 547}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What about the first era of Throbbing Gristle 1976-1981?", "answer": {"text": "Prostitution, an exhibition which was held in October 1976 at the Institute of Contemporary Arts", "answer_start": 243, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it well-received?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any other exhibitions?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Throbbing Gristle?", "answer": {"text": "pornography and photographs of Nazi concentration camps,", "answer_start": 490, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_37efbb9ee0a646ff8bd1900b82ae6d28_1_q#5", "question": "After Throbbing Gristle did they become more popular?", "rewrite": "After the first era of Throbbing Gristle did they become more popular?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Throbbing Gristle live performances Throbbing Gristle were noted for their live performances, which were often experimental and quite different from their pre-recorded work. In addition to studio albums, a large number of recordings of live shows were released, of varying sound quality. A concise history of Throbbing Gristle and COUM Transmissions can be found in Simon Ford's book \"Wreckers of Civilisation\" (). A 25 CD boxed set, \"TG24\", documenting many live Throbbing Gristle performances was released in December 2002. A follow-up to this boxset chronicling the last 10 performances was released as \"TG+\" in January 2004. These releases accumulated recordings that had originally been released on cassette-only boxed sets and individually released vinyl albums of official and bootleg status. Long out of circulation, the new releases sparked a renewed interest in the band. Throbbing Gristle were scheduled to play a live show in May 2004 at the RE~TG festival, but the festival was cancelled due to poor ticket sales, rising costs and scheduling complications. They decided to play anyway and set up a show at The Astoria in London on Sunday 16 May 2004, which was the same day they were to play at RE~TG. The show was free but open only to those who had tickets to RE~TG, whether they had obtained a refund or transferred the ticket to a later concert at All Tomorrow's Parties, in December 2004. The show was filmed by the band, and was released as part of the DVD box set \"TGV\". It was Throbbing Gristle's first live performance in nearly 23 years to the day. The reformed band (with all four original members) then played a concert in Italy in June 2005 and two concerts at the Volksb\u00fchne, Berlin, Germany on 31 December 2005 and 1 January 2006.", "The name \"Throbbing Gristle\" was adopted after a Northern English slang term for an erect penis. P-Orridge's involvement in Throbbing Gristle led to the artist being regularly cited as the \"Godfather of Industrial Music\", or in some later sources, \"godparent\". The first Throbbing Gristle performance was held at the Air Gallery in London in July 1976. At that point, Throbbing Gristle's headquarters was located at 10 Martello Street, Hackney, East London, the address of an artist collective. P-Orridge and Tutti's living and work space was the mailing address of Industrial Records (IR). Throbbing Gristle released \"Discipline\" in 1980. TG came to be identified as the founders of industrial music, although at the same time the academic Drew Daniel asserted that as a result of its eclecticism, their music resists clear analysis. Throbbing Gristle's best-selling single was \"Zyklon B Zombie\" (1978), the title being a reference to the Zyklon B poison gas used at Auschwitz extermination camp. With their album \" 20 Jazz Funk Greats\" they attempted to move away from their industrial sound, and produced songs in a variety of different musical genres. P-Orridge received a number of threatening phone calls, proceeding to record them and use them as a backing track for the TG song \"Death Threats\". The final IR release was called \"Nothing Here Now But the Recordings\", a best-of album taken from the archives of William S. Burroughs, who provided P-Orridge and Christopherson with access to his reel-to-reel tape archive. The final Throbbing Gristle live event, \"Mission of Dead Souls\", occurred in May 1981 at the Kezar Pavilion in San Francisco, US.", "Peter Christopherson Peter Martin Christopherson (also known as Sleazy, 27 February 1955 \u2013 25 November 2010) was a musician, video director, commercial artist, designer and photographer, and former member of British design agency Hipgnosis. He was one of the original members of the Industrial Records band Throbbing Gristle (TG). After the disbandment of Throbbing Gristle, he participated in the formation of Psychic TV along with Genesis P-Orridge and Geoff Rushton\u2014Rushton later changed his name to John Balance. After his short time in Psychic TV, Christopherson formed Coil with Balance, which lasted for just under 23 years, until Balance died of a fall in the Weston-super-Mare home he shared with Christopherson. Christopherson participated in the reunification of Throbbing Gristle and, after his relocation to Thailand in 2005, composed an album for his solo endeavour The Threshold HouseBoys Choir. Christopherson died in his sleep on 25 November 2010. Christopherson was born on 27 February 1955 in Leeds, England. His father, Derman Christopherson, was a professor of engineering who became master of Magdalene College, Cambridge prior to receiving a knighthood. Following school, Christopherson studied computer programming, theatre design and video at the State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo) in New York, United States (US). Christopherson was a founding member of Throbbing Gristle, who are credited with creating the industrial music genre before disbanding in 1981. Throbbing Gristle members Chris Carter and Cosey Fanni Tutti formed their own group, while Christopherson and the band's other member P-Orridge formed Psychic TV with Balance and other musicians. Balance met Christopherson as a Throbbing Gristle fan and the two became intimate partners.", "In 1978, John Balance (born Geoff[rey] Burton; also known as Rushton, by his stepfather's surname) was a teenage zine journalist, writing--along with his schoolmate Tom Craig, the grandson of an artist Edward Carrick--under a moniker Stabmental, through which he published the articles on UK underground artists, including seminal industrial bands Throbbing Gristle and Cabaret Voltaire. A Throbbing Gristle fan, Balance had contacted them via mail, and thus befriended the Throbbing Gristle' frontman Genesis P-Orridge. In February 1980, Balance had attended a Throbbing Gristle gig recorded for the album Heathen Earth, where he had first met P-Orridge's bandmate Peter \"Sleazy\" Christopherson and befriended him as well. Following the dissolution of Throbbing Gristle in 1981, P-Orridge, Christopherson, and Alex Fergusson (formerly of Alternative TV) went on to form the new project, titled Psychic TV, along with the accompanying fellowship titled Thee Temple ov Psychick Youth. Balance, who had attended the University of Sussex for a short time and participated in Brian Williams' Lustmord project, returned in London to live with Christopherson--with whom a romantic partnership had begun. As Psychic TV member, Balance participated in the recording of the single \"Just Drifting\" (from the album Force the Hand of Chance) and, the following year, of the album Dreams Less Sweet. Already having an experience of performing and recording previous to his tenure in Psychic TV, Balance went on to use the name Coil in 1982, originally envisioned for the solo project.", "TG24 TG24 is a box set by industrial music pioneers Throbbing Gristle. TG24 was originally released as a cassette boxed set in 1980. The set contained the first of Throbbing Gristle's 24 shows in addition to two C90 cassettes taken from a Throbbing Gristle radio interview. The set was presented in a small attache case with a personalised handmade collage and various autographed pictures. The box set originally was planned to be released with 24 CDs, however orders from Mute.com included an extra CD. The set contains a total of 26 Throbbing Gristle live performances (IRCD03 has two shows on it). The follow-up boxset, \"TG+\" contains an additional 10 live performances. Box set includes the following items: certificate of authenticity, wax sealed envelope, two patches, three stickers, four pictures of Throbbing Gristle, four collage prints (1 of 2 made by each member of the band specifically for this release), three button badges and a newsletter with a history of the group and the track listing of the box set. Dates given in Year-Month-Day format. Previous to the release of the \"TG24\" boxset, a sampler titled \"TG24 1 Hour Sample\" was released for promotion. The CD was available via Mute Records carrying the dual catalogue number: IRCD--/PTG60CD. The CD was compiled by Olivier Cormier Otano and edited on Pro Tools by Anne Carruthers."], "answer": {"text": "They appeared in the fanzine Toxic Grafity, with a condensation of their own propaganda parody series, Industrial News.", "answer_start": 1303}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What about the first era of Throbbing Gristle 1976-1981?", "answer": {"text": "Prostitution, an exhibition which was held in October 1976 at the Institute of Contemporary Arts", "answer_start": 243, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it well-received?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any other exhibitions?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Throbbing Gristle?", "answer": {"text": "pornography and photographs of Nazi concentration camps,", "answer_start": 490, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did that upset people?", "answer": {"text": "gave the group a notorious reputation.", "answer_start": 547, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a7d5bbb55f31443797cb3ba485bfdc26_0_q#0", "question": "What are the highlights of Bhutto's foreign policy?", "rewrite": "What are the highlights of Bhutto's foreign policy?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After assuming power, Bhutto sought to diversify Pakistan's relations away from the United States and, soon Pakistan left CENTO and SEATO. Bhutto developed close and strengthened the Arab relations, and Sino-Pak relations. Bhutto in believed an independent Foreign Policy which had hitherto been the hand maiden of the Western Power, particularly independent from the United States' sphere of influence. With Bhutto as Foreign minister, and Prime minister, Pakistan and Iran had cemented a special relationship, as Iran had provided military assistance to Pakistan. The Sino-Pak relations were immensely improved, and Pakistan, under Bhutto, had built a strategic relationship with People's Republic of China, when PRC was isolated. In 1974, Bhutto hosted the second Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC) in 1974 where he delegated and invited leaders from the Muslim world to Lahore, Punjab Province of Pakistan. Bhutto was a strong advocate of Afro-Asian Solidarity and had cemented ties with Afro-Asian and Islamic countries and by 1976 had emerged as the Leader of the Third World . Bhutto sought a peace agreement--Simla Agreement--with Indira Gandhi, Premier of India, and brought back 93,000 P.O.Ws to Pakistan and secured 5,000 sq mi (13,000 km2) held by India with out compromising on Kashmir stance or recognising Bangladesh which were the key Indian demands. Negotiating with a power that has dismembered the country was an open-challenge to Bhutto who smoothly convinced India to return the territory and the POWs back to Pakistan. Before this conference, Bhutto and his colleagues did the comprehensive homework as Bhutto had realised that Arabs had still not succeeded in regaining territory lost in the 1967 war with Israel.", "Basic principles of PPP enshrined: Relations with the China, Russia and Iran are the central and the strongest proponents of the People's Party's foreign policy. Under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Pakistan built closer ties with Soviet Union, China, and Iran, but under Benazir Bhutto, the foreign policy was revised after taking shifts to centre-right policies. On the other hand, Benazir Bhutto adopted Nawaz Sharif's conservative privatisation policies in order to secure funding from the United States and the World Bank, but received a harsh opposition from within the party.
14, first half, vs. Portland Trail Blazers, < br> 14, first half, vs. Phoenix Suns , Consecutive field goals made in a game without a miss: 13, vs. Los Angeles Lakers, Field goals made, 5-game series: 63, vs. Los Angeles Lakers, 1991 NBA Finals Field goal attempts, 6-game series: 199, vs. Phoenix Suns, 1993 NBA Finals Three-point field goals made, career: 42 Three-point field goals made, game: 6, vs. Portland Trail Blazers, Three-point field goals made, half: 6, first half, vs. Portland Trail Blazers, Three-point field goal attempts, game: 10, vs. Portland Trail Blazers, Three-point field goal attempts, half: 10, first half, vs. Portland Trail Blazers, Free throws made, quarter: 9, second quarter, at Utah Jazz, Free throw attempts, half: 15, second half, vs. Utah Jazz, Free throw attempts, quarter: 12, fourth quarter, vs. Utah Jazz, Steals, 5-game series: 14, vs. Los Angeles Lakers, 1991 NBA Finals (2.8 spg) Points, career: 262 Field goals made, career: 110 Field goals made, game: 17, 1988", "1990\u201391 Portland Trail Blazers season The 1990\u201391 NBA season was the 21st season for the Portland Trail Blazers in the National Basketball Association. During the offseason, the Blazers acquired Danny Ainge from the Sacramento Kings. The Blazers won their first eleven games on their way to a franchise best start at a record of 27\u20133. They would post a 16-game winning streak near the end of the season as they finished with a league best record at 63\u201319, setting a franchise-high win total that still stands today, and made their ninth consecutive trip to the NBA Playoffs. It was their first Pacific Division title since the 1977\u201378 season, and ended the Los Angeles Lakers' streak of nine straight years as Pacific Division champions and number-one seed in the Western Conference. However, after advancing to the Western Conference Finals with a 3\u20132 win over the Seattle SuperSonics in the first round, and a 4\u20131 win over the Utah Jazz in the conference semifinals, the Blazers were denied a second straight trip to the NBA Finals, falling to the 3rd-seeded Lakers in six games. Three members of the team, Clyde Drexler, Terry Porter and Kevin Duckworth were all selected for the 1991 NBA All-Star Game. (1) Portland Trail Blazers vs. (8) Seattle SuperSonics: \" Blazers win series 3-2 \" Last Playoff Meeting: 1983 Western Conference First Round (Portland won 2-0) (1) Portland Trail Blazers vs. (5) Utah Jazz: \"Blazers win series 4-1\" Last Playoff Meeting: 1988 Western Conference First Round (Utah won 3-1) (1) Portland Trail Blazers vs. (3) Los Angeles Lakers: \"Lakers win series 4-2 \" Last Playoff Meeting: 1989 Western Conference First Round (Los Angeles won 3-0)", "1991\u201392 Portland Trail Blazers season The 1991\u201392 NBA season was the 22nd season for the Portland Trail Blazers in the National Basketball Association. After losing three of their first four games, the Blazers would quickly recover as they continued to lead the way in the West posting a 57\u201325 record, earning their second straight Pacific Division championship and 10th consecutive trip to the NBA Playoffs. Clyde Drexler led the way averaging 25.0 points per game while being named to the All-NBA First Team, selected for the 1992 NBA All-Star Game, and finishing a distant second to Michael Jordan in the MVP ballot. The Blazers began their postseason run by defeating the Los Angeles Lakers 3\u20131 in the first round, eliminating the Lakers for the first time since Portland's championship season of 1977; the Lakers had beaten the Blazers in four playoff series since then, including most recently the 1991 Western Conference Finals. The Blazers proceeded to defeat the Phoenix Suns 4\u20131 in the second round and Karl Malone's Utah Jazz 4\u20132 in the Western Conference Finals, earning their second trip to the NBA Finals in three years, and a matchup with the defending champion Chicago Bulls. The Blazers' dream of winning their second NBA title, however, was stifled by the Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen-led Bulls, who defeated the Blazers 4\u20132 and won their second straight NBA title. Following the season, Danny Ainge signed as a free agent with the Phoenix Suns. For the season, the Blazers changed their logo and uniforms. Both would last until 2002. (1) Portland Trail Blazers vs. ( 8) Los Angeles Lakers: \"Blazers win series 3\u20131\" Last Playoff Meeting: 1991 Western Conference Finals (Los Angeles won 4\u20132) (1) Portland Trail Blazers vs. (4) Phoenix Suns: \" Blazers win series 4\u20131 \""], "answer": {"text": "Portland Trail Blazers in the 1974 NBA draft", "answer_start": 157}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_ece8b3ecad8a47d5a1380955ce47184a_0_q#1", "question": "When did he join the Portland Trailblazers ?", "rewrite": "When did Walton join the Portland Trailblazers ?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["OP1 (record producer) Orion \"OP1\" Yitzhak (born July 19) is a musician. He was the lead rapper for the Portland Trail Blazers official NBA anthem. Rakim appeared on his video single \"Walk\". An internationally versed artist, producer, activist, songwriter and entrepreneur, Orion has pledged his life to inspiring consciousness & bridging the divide between Africa and the Western world through the most universal language known to man; music. Birthed to a multicultural family, Orion identifies with both his middle eastern/North African Israelite family on his mothers side as well as his Argentinian born, Swiss raised father. He also carries the title Omo Kabiyesi or Omoba in Yoruba meaning Prince following his nationally acknowledged induction into the royal tribe in Nigeria. Orion's entry into the royal family of Yoruba land was initiated by the Kabiyesi and this occurrence further reinforced Orion's path to being a light to the world. Working on projects, collaborations and media campaigns with notable artists such as Snoop Lion, Seun Kuti (son of the legendary FELA), Stephen Marley, Nneka, the legendary G.O.A.T of Hip-Hop Rakim, Rocky Dawuni, Killah Priest of the legendary Wu-Tang Clan, Philly's platinum artist Cassidy, the Grammy nominated Jon B & Reality Star/actress/songstress Teairra Mari, to name a few, the mission to inspire consciousness through music is at the core of the movement of True Shine. Multiple collaborations with some of the world's most respected artists as well as being the face of Portland hip-hop after featuring as the lead rapper for the televised official Portland Trailblazers NBA Anthem for their 40th anniversary are but a few of the many endeavors this young visionary accomplished in the span of a few years.", "Following the 1974 season, the Hawks, with 11 fellow larger schools from the Middle Atlantic Conference, formed the new East Coast Conference. In 1980\u201381, the Hawks, led by coach Jim Lynam, finished in second place in ECC play and won the ECC Tournament to receive a bid to the NCAA Tournament. As a #9 seed, the Hawks defeated Creighton in the First Round and upset #1 seeded and #1 ranked DePaul to reach the Sweet Sixteen. The Hawks defeated Boston College to advance to the Elite Eight before losing to eventual National Champion, Indiana. Lynam also left the Hawks to enjoy a long career as a coach and executive in the NBA. Saint Joseph's joined the Atlantic 10 Conference prior to the 1982\u201383 season. The Hawk's basketball program has also produced several NBA coaches. The first St. Joe player to become a pro coach was George Senesky, who led the Philadelphia Warriors from 1955 - 1958. When Dr. Jack Ramsey left Hawk Hill in 1968 he became the head coach of the Philadelphia 76ers. Dr. Ramsey then coached the Buffalo Braves from 1972 - 76 then moved to the Portland Trailblazers where he won the NBA Championship in 1977 upsetting the favorite 76ers who featured Dr. \"J\" Julius Erving and George McGinnis. From Portland he moved on to coach the Indiana Pacers 1986 to 1988 when he retired. Another noted St. Joseph alum who coached for many years in the NBA was Jack McKinney. Coach McKinney, who followed Dr. Ramsey as the Hawk's head coach, left St. Joesph's to become an assistant head coach for the Milwaukee Bucks for two years before joining Dr. Ramsey at Portland. In 1979, coach McKinney was selected as the head coach of the Los Angeles Lakers.", "Derby Trailblazers The Derby Trailblazers are a basketball club based in the city of Derby, Derbyshire. The club were founded as a feeder club for the now-defunct Derby Storm, and wear the same blue and white colours as their predecessor. The Trailblazers operates several men's teams in the English Basketball League, and women's and junior teams at a variety of levels. Their semi-professional Men's First Team compete in English Basketball League Division One. The Trailblazers play their home games at the Noel-Baker Sports Hall. The Trailblazers were founded in 2000 to give local players access to competitive women's and junior basketball teams after the city's professional outfit, Derby Storm, ended their equivalent programmes to focus on their professional team, which was then competing in the British Basketball League. After the Storm closed down in 2002, the Trailblazers added men's basketball to their offering, and started to gradually work their way up the English Basketball League. Only a few years after entering a Men's team in the National League, the Trailblazers were crowned Champions of Division Two in 2007, and were promoted to Division One for the 2007/2008 season, along with the Taunton Tigers and Bristol Academy Flyers. The team were successful in the second tier of British basketball, with the Trailblazers crowned Champions of Division One in 2010 with a 17-5 record, and winning the EBL Men's Trophy in 2012, beating Bristol Academy Flyers 87-60 in the final. This success was hard to sustain though, with the team winning only six league games in the 2012/2013 season, and suffering demotion back to Division Two as a result. However, 2013/2014 saw the Trailblazers win promotion back to Division One at the first attempt, winning Division Two with a game to spare.", "Ian Karmel Ian Karmel (born October 9, 1984) is an American stand-up comedian and writer. He is currently the head writer for CBS\u2019 \" The Late Late Show with James Corden\". He has written for the 2017 and 2018 Grammys as well as the 2016 Tony Awards. His work on the 2017 Tony Awards earned him an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Special, which he lost. Summer of 69 Lead. Karmel was featured in the Netflix 15 min standup special series, The Comedy Lineup which premiered on July 3, 2018. He made his late night debut in 2014 on TBS' Conan and was also in 2014 featured on Comedy Central\u2019s \" Adam DeVine's House Party\" Season 2. In 2015, he released his album 9.2 on Pitchfork through the Portland label Kill Rock Stars. Ian\u2019s other TV credits include IFC\u2019s sketch comedy series Portlandia and the Travel Channel\u2019s food reality TV series Adam Richman's Best Sandwich in America, as well as a guest post-game analyst and commentator for the Portland Trailblazers. His training includes Los Angeles improv company The Groundlings and the Upright Citizens Brigade and he has been a regular contributor for the Portland Mercury, writing his weekly column \"Everything as F*ck\". He also serves as the lead voice and creative force behind the weekly podcast \"All Fantasy Everything\" on the HeadGum network. He can be found headlining various clubs throughout America and currently lives in Los Angeles.", "Sophie Walton Sophie Katrina Walton (born 7 November 1989) is an English footballer who plays as a midfielder for Nottingham Forest in the FA Women's National League North. She previously played for Leeds United, Notts County and Doncaster Rovers Belles. She represented England at youth level. Sophie's older brother Simon Walton is also a footballer, who began his own career at Leeds United. Walton grew up in Sherburn-in-Elmet and played football for Sherburn White Rose before joining Leeds United under-12s at the age of nine. In September 2005, she made her Premier League debut for Leeds in a 2\u20130 defeat at Charlton Athletic. On 11 February 2010 Walton started a 3\u20131 Premier League Cup final win over Everton, to help Leeds win their first major silverware, following defeats in the FA Women's Cup finals of 2006 and 2008, as well as the Premier League Cup final in 2007. When Leeds failed to gain entry to the new FA WSL, Walton reportedly signed for local rivals Doncaster Rovers Belles. But when the inaugural 2011 FA WSL season started, Walton instead lined up for Lincoln Ladies. She remained with the club after their relocation to Notts County for the 2014 FA WSL season, and played in the 2015 FA Women's Cup Final, a 1\u20130 defeat by Chelsea at Wembley Stadium. Walton left Notts County on the expiry of her contract and sat out the 2016 season due to pregnancy and childbirth. She agreed to join FA WSL 2 club Doncaster Rovers Belles in January 2017. Doncaster Rovers Belles won the WSL 2 league title but renounced their place in the new FA Women's Championship, sparking a player exodus which saw Walton join Guiseley Vixens in July 2018."], "answer": {"text": "1974 NBA draft and was hailed as the savior of the Portland franchise. He signed with the Trail Blazers", "answer_start": 187}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Portland Trail Blazers", "answer": {"text": "Portland Trail Blazers in the 1974 NBA draft", "answer_start": 157, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ece8b3ecad8a47d5a1380955ce47184a_0_q#2", "question": "Against whom did he play while with the Trailblazers?", "rewrite": "Against whom did Walton play while with the Trailblazers?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Derby Trailblazers The Derby Trailblazers are a basketball club based in the city of Derby, Derbyshire. The club were founded as a feeder club for the now-defunct Derby Storm, and wear the same blue and white colours as their predecessor. The Trailblazers operates several men's teams in the English Basketball League, and women's and junior teams at a variety of levels. Their semi-professional Men's First Team compete in English Basketball League Division One. The Trailblazers play their home games at the Noel-Baker Sports Hall. The Trailblazers were founded in 2000 to give local players access to competitive women's and junior basketball teams after the city's professional outfit, Derby Storm, ended their equivalent programmes to focus on their professional team, which was then competing in the British Basketball League. After the Storm closed down in 2002, the Trailblazers added men's basketball to their offering, and started to gradually work their way up the English Basketball League. Only a few years after entering a Men's team in the National League, the Trailblazers were crowned Champions of Division Two in 2007, and were promoted to Division One for the 2007/2008 season, along with the Taunton Tigers and Bristol Academy Flyers. The team were successful in the second tier of British basketball, with the Trailblazers crowned Champions of Division One in 2010 with a 17-5 record, and winning the EBL Men's Trophy in 2012, beating Bristol Academy Flyers 87-60 in the final. This success was hard to sustain though, with the team winning only six league games in the 2012/2013 season, and suffering demotion back to Division Two as a result. However, 2013/2014 saw the Trailblazers win promotion back to Division One at the first attempt, winning Division Two with a game to spare.", "North Carolina Trailblazers The North Carolina Trailblazers is a women's recreational ice hockey association founded in April 1995 in Raleigh, North Carolina. It is one of the oldest existing women's hockey programs in the Southeastern United States. The Trailblazers were founded by Lise Barley-Maloney and a group of women and girls who held their first practices in Dorton Arena on the N.C. State Fairgrounds. By the 2000-01 season, the organization had expanded to the point of fielding two full teams. Since then, it has fielded at least two and sometimes three teams each season ranging in skill level from B to D/open (under USA Hockey classifications). In the 2009-10 season, it is running a three-team house league and will organize \"tournament teams\" for specific competitions. For its 20th anniversary in 2015, the Trailblazers commemorated the occasion by designing a classic green jersey and holding an exhibition game at the PNC Arena prior to a Carolina Hurricanes game. Alumni were invited to attend both games. The organization continues to grow, expanding to five teams in 2016 and six in 2019. The Trailblazers' B team won the USA Hockey Women's B Southeast Regional title in the 2002-03 season. They made it to the USA Hockey Women's Nationals Semifinal Game that same season. The Trailblazers' C team was the silver medalist (second place) in the Southeast Regional division in 2009.", "The United Kingdom Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) defines benefit fraud as when someone obtains state benefit without being entitled to or deliberately failing to report a change in personal circumstances. The DWP claim that fraudulent benefit claims amounted to around \u00a3900 million in 2008-09. A UK \"State of the Nation\" report published in 2010 estimated the total benefit fraud in the United Kingdom in 2009/10 to be approximately \u00a31 billion. Figures from the Department for Work and Pensions show that benefit fraud is thought to have cost taxpayers \u00a31.2 billion during 2012-13, up 9% from the year before. A poll conducted by the Trades Union Congress in 2012 found that perceptions among the British public were that benefit fraud was high. On average, people thought that 27% of the British welfare budget was claimed fraudulently, but official UK government figures have stated that the proportion of fraud stood at 0.7% of the total welfare budget in 2011/12. In 2006-07, DWP estimated that it spent \u00a3154 million on fraud investigation, yet only recovered \u00a322 million. Disability benefits are easier to illegally obtain than other benefits, and are becoming targeted by systematic fraudsters motivated by greed. Although the Benefit Integrity Project concluded that disability benefit fraud was \"minimal,\" the 1997 disability benefits review found that 12.2% of claims were fraudulent. Welfare fraud is widespread, but in most cases it is committed by people who are struggling financially. In a 1997 study, 30 of 34 interviewed welfare recipients admitted fraud. A 1988 study of 50 Chicago women on welfare found that 80% worked either full-time or part-time, but none of them reported their income to the welfare office. Surveys conducted during the 1970s in Seattle and Denver showed that 50% of recipients admitted to \"cheating\" in order to get by financially.", "there is no negotiation on this. In addition to this, benefit thieves also need to pay back all of the money they deliberately defrauded. The suspect does not have to admit their guilt to be offered an Administrative Penalty, however it should only be offered by the Department for Work and Pensions, or the Local Authority if they believe there is sufficient evidence for court proceedings to be considered if the offer is refused. Prosecution may typically occur in England & Wales using the Social Security Administration Act 1992, or under the Theft Act 1978, or the Fraud Act 2006; in Northern Ireland under corresponding legislation; or in Scotland under Common Law Fraud. A Prosecution is brought when the value of the overpaid benefit is so great, or the period of the fraud is lengthy, or the person may have been in a position of trust, or the fraud was very blatant. Any prosecution brought by the Department for Work and Pensions or a Local Authority should have been subject to the Public Interest Test as set out in the Code of Practice for Crown Prosecutors. In Scotland cases of benefit fraud are reported to the Procurator Fiscal for prosecution. Where cases of benefit fraud result in criminal prosecution, in England & Wales such prosecutions are generally brought either under section 112 Social Security Administration Act 1992 (where no dishonesty is alleged) or under s111A of the same Act (where dishonesty is alleged). There are a number of legal cases relevant to prosecutions under these sections. Key points are dealt with in more detail in technical articles on benefit fraud. The penalties for benefit fraud may be mitigated where it can be shown that the defendant would have been entitled to other forms of financial benefit, such as UK Tax Credits, had an appropriate claim on the true facts been lodged at the time.", "Benefit fraud in the United Kingdom Benefit fraud is a form of welfare fraud as found within the system of government benefits paid to individuals by the welfare state in the United Kingdom. The Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) define benefit fraud as when someone obtains state benefit they are not entitled to or deliberately fails to report a change in their personal circumstances. The DWP claim that fraudulent benefit claims amounted to around \u00a3900 million in 2008\u201309. The most common form of benefit fraud is when a person receives benefits, but continues or begins employment. Another common form of fraud is when the receivers of benefits claim that they live alone, but they are financially supported by a partner or spouse. In 2002, the DWP launched a 'Targeting Benefit Thieves' advertising campaign to spread their message that benefit fraud carried a criminal sanction. The most recent campaign makes claims about the likelihood of getting caught and the consequences of committing benefit fraud using \u2018And they thought they\u2019d never be caught\u2019 as the leading slogan. In recent years the term benefit fraud has been used by the DWP to encompass a wider range of behaviours, beyond simultaneously claiming unemployment benefit whilst working in the informal labour market. Their 2007 ' No ifs, No buts' campaign emphasised other activities that could lead to prosecution. This includes failing to inform the state that your partner is now living with you, or that you have moved house, or that a relative has died, leaving you some money. Since the introduction of the Welfare Reform Act 2007, councils can now independently investigate a number of Social Security benefits. The \"State of the Nation\" report published in 2010 by the Government of David Cameron estimated the total benefit fraud in the United Kingdom in 2009/10 to be approximately \u00a31 billion."], "answer": {"text": "Walton returned to action for the playoffs, but was reinjured in the second game of a series against the Seattle SuperSonics.", "answer_start": 1695}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Portland Trail Blazers", "answer": {"text": "Portland Trail Blazers in the 1974 NBA draft", "answer_start": 157, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he join the Portland Trailblazers ?", "answer": {"text": "1974 NBA draft and was hailed as the savior of the Portland franchise. He signed with the Trail Blazers", "answer_start": 187, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ece8b3ecad8a47d5a1380955ce47184a_0_q#3", "question": "Did he have any notable wins ?", "rewrite": "Did Walton have any notable wins ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Zuri Lawrence Zuri Lawrence (born June 22, 1970 in Poughkeepsie, New York) is a professional heavyweight boxer best known for scoring a few notable wins over famous boxers but never reaching contender status. He is most well-known for having never scored a knockout win in 44 professional fights. He stands 6'4\" (193 cm) and has a typical fight night weight of between 230 and 240 pounds. His professional record stands at 24 wins (22 by unanimous decision, 1 by disqualification), 14 loses (6 by unanimous decision, 5 by technical knockout, 1 by knockout) and 4 draws with 1 no contest (as of November 1, 2007). Lawrence has never fought for a major heavyweight title (WBC, WBA, IBF or WBO) but he is an important test for many up-and-coming prospects. Notable losses include a technical knockout loss in 11 (after being down 4 times) to Russian prospect Sultan Ibragimov and being brutally rendered unconscious by Calvin \"the Boxing Banker\" Brock. Notable wins include upsetting the comeback trail of Jameel McCline after McCline's second heavyweight title loss and being the first to defeat highly touted Italian Olympic medallist and prospect Paolo Vidoz. Lawrence is a quick and skilled boxer who is rarely stopped and can give 12 rounds of technical boxing; this combined with his seeming lack of the ability to knock an opponent out (0 knockouts in 40 fights) makes Lawrence a popular opponent amongst matchmakers looking to get some notice for their prospects. Prior to their fight Calvin Brock gave an example of this thinking in an interview with Tiger Boxing: \u201cZuri Lawrence? Sure. He\u2019s good, but he doesn\u2019t have any power, so I wouldn\u2019t call it a high-risk fight.\" In November 2007 Lawrence took on Hasim Rahman on short notice on the Versus Channel.", "Though disappointing, the season featured wins over three teams that would reach the NCAA Tournament: Kansas, Dayton and Temple. UMass also nearly upset Xavier, who also made the NCAA Tournament. The 2009\u201310 season for UMass finished with a 12\u201320 record. Kellogg's squad, with many first-year players for UMass, had notable wins against Memphis and Rhode Island in the regular season's finale, which arguably knocked the Rams off the NCAA Tournament bubble. The Minutemen also broke an eight-game losing streak in the Atlantic 10 Tournament, with a first round win over Charlotte. Six of the Minutemen's opponents would go on to the NCAA Tournament, though UMass went 0\u20137 in games against those teams. In the 2010\u20132011 season Kellogg's Minutemen improved to a 15\u201315 record with a 7\u20139 regular season conference record in the Atlantic 10. The team started the season 7\u20130, but faltered down the stretch ending the season 2\u20138 in their last 10 games. They did have notable wins in the regular season over RPI top 100 teams Rhode Island twice and Dayton. They earned a home Atlantic 10 tournament game at the Mullins Center for the first time since 2003, but this time lost 78\u201350 to Dayton. After this loss and a previous loss to Fordham, there was talk that Kellogg should be fired after three seasons. However, on March 9, 2011, UMass athletic director John McCutcheon announced that Kellogg would be back for the 2011\u20132012 season. In the 2011\u201312 season, Kellogg's Minutemen won 20 regular season games, then two more by reaching the semifinals of the Atlantic 10 Tournament. They defeated the #1-seed Temple in the quarterfinals, but lost to the eventual tournament champion St. Bonaventure.", "Krzysztof Ratajski Krzysztof Ratajski (born 1 January 1977) is a Polish darts player who plays in PDC events. His biggest achievement to date was winning the 2017 World Masters. Ratajski also plays on the Professional Darts Corporation's European Tour and has represented Poland at the World Cup of Darts on numerous occasions. Ratajski's first major run came in the 2007 Czech Open where he reached the semi finals. He gained notable wins over Joey ten Berge and local player Marek Polak, eventually losing to Patrick Loos who won the tournament. He then went on to win the 2008 Denmark Open, a tournament previously won by the likes of John Lowe, Eric Bristow, Phil Taylor and Raymond van Barneveld. He defeated Hungary's N\u00e1ndor Bezzeg, Finland's Marko Kantele and Belgian Geert De Vos en route to the final where he beat Fabian Roosenbrand. On 4 December 2008 Ratajski qualified for the 2009 BDO World Darts Championship, earning one of five spots available. He earned notable wins over former qualifier Ian Jones and Mike Veitch before beating Robbie Green to qualify, becoming the first Polish player to qualify for either world championship. The next day, Ratajski took part in the 2008 Winmau World Masters, but lost in the very first round to Denmark's Stig Jorgensen. Ratajski then lost in the first round of the 2009 World Championship to Edwin Max. Ratajski represented Poland in the inaugural PDC World Cup of darts in partnership with Krzysztof Kciuk. They lost 2\u20136 in the first round to New Zealand, who were represented by Phillip Hazel and Warren Parry.", "During the tournament, the team defeated Tennessee State, Georgia State, Old Dominion and Fairfield en route to the championship game at Utah State University; Mercer won the championship game 70\u201367. The championship capped the best season in university history; the team finished the season with a 27\u201311 record. In 2013, Mercer won the conference regular season championship and advanced to the National Invitation Tournament, defeating Tennessee before losing to BYU; the team finished the season with a 24\u201312 record, the first time in university history that the team had back-to-back 20-win seasons. Mercer had opened the season ranked first in the conference preseason standings; during the season, notable wins included victories over defending Atlantic Coast Conference champion Florida State and Alabama. In 2014, Mercer won the conference regular season championship for the second year in a row (co-champion, tied with Florida Gulf Coast) and the conference tournament championship; the team defeated Florida Gulf Coast for the tournament championship and advanced to the NCAA Tournament for the first time since 1985. During the regular season, notable wins included victories over Seton Hall and Ole Miss. At the conclusion of the conference tournament, Mercer had a record of 26\u20138, the first time in university history the team had three straight 20-win seasons. Mercer coach Bob Hoffman was honored as the conference coach of the year for the second consecutive year; Mercer players were honored as the conference player of the year (guard, Langston Hall), defensive player of the year (forward, Daniel Coursey), and scholar-athlete of the year (forward, Jakob Gollon). Mercer defeated Duke in the second round of the NCAA Tournament before losing to Tennessee in the third round. The team finished the season with a 27\u20139 record. Susie Gardner was named women's basketball head coach in 2010.", "S. Robson Walton Samuel Robson \"Rob\" Walton (born October 28, 1944) is an heir to the fortune of Walmart, the world's largest retailer. He is the eldest son of Helen Walton and Sam Walton. He served as Chairman of Walmart from 1992 to 2015. As of March 2019, Walton had a net worth of $45.4 billion, making him the 18th richest person in the world. Rob Walton was born on October 28, 1944, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the oldest of four children of Sam Walton (1918\u20131992), cofounder of Wal-Mart, and Helen Walton (1919\u20132007). He has a younger brother, Jim Walton, and a younger sister, Alice Walton. Another brother, John Walton, died in 2005. Walton attended The College of Wooster and graduated from the University of Arkansas in 1966 with a bachelor of science degree in business administration, where he was also a member of the Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity. He received his Juris Doctor degree from Columbia Law School in 1969. Walton is also a trustee at The College of Wooster. After graduation, Walton became a member of the law firm that represented Wal-Mart, Conner & Winters in Tulsa, Oklahoma. In 1978, he left Tulsa to join Wal-Mart as a senior vice president, and in 1982, he was appointed vice chairman. He was named chairman of the board of directors on April 7, 1992, two days after his father's death. Along with his siblings, he has pledged about $2 billion to the Walton Family Foundation from 2008 to 2013. By the time he left Tulsa in 1978, Walton had three children, was divorced from his first wife, and was remarried to Carolyn Funk. He and Carolyn filed for divorce in 2000. He married his third wife Melani Lowman-Walton in 2005. His children include Carrie Walton Penner."], "answer": {"text": "He nonetheless won the league MVP that season (1978) and the Sporting News NBA MVP, as well.", "answer_start": 1473}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Portland Trail Blazers", "answer": {"text": "Portland Trail Blazers in the 1974 NBA draft", "answer_start": 157, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he join the Portland Trailblazers ?", "answer": {"text": "1974 NBA draft and was hailed as the savior of the Portland franchise. He signed with the Trail Blazers", "answer_start": 187, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Against whom did he play while with the Trailblazers?", "answer": {"text": "Walton returned to action for the playoffs, but was reinjured in the second game of a series against the Seattle SuperSonics.", "answer_start": 1695, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ece8b3ecad8a47d5a1380955ce47184a_0_q#4", "question": "What did he do after the Trailblazers ?", "rewrite": "What did Walton do after the Trailblazers ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Orchard Park Trailblazers The Orchard Park Trailblazers are one of the most violent street gangs operating in the Roxbury section of Boston. The gang was mostly active in the early 1990s and became infamous for violence. They are bitter rivals of the Columbia Point Dawgs. Both gangs have been feuding on the streets of Boston for nearly 30 years. The Orchard Park Trailblazers originated in the former Orchard Park Projects in the 1970s. It wasn't until the late-1980s that the gang began to participate in criminal activities such as robbery and drug trafficking. The Boston Police Department began to track the trailblazers in the early-1990s and cracked down on the gang in the mid-2000s. On April 11, 1997, fourteen members of the \"Orchard Park Trailblazers\" were charged in federal criminal complaints with conspiring to distribute and distributing crack cocaine. Two additional members of the gang were charged with state drug offenses. The sixteen defendants were arrested in a coordinated series of raids in Roxbury and Dorchester by federal, state, and local law enforcement. On June 23, 2004, 15 Trailblazers where arrested, and charged after a 24-hour raid. All of the men were charged and sent to prison.", "Salem Trailblazers The Salem Trailblazers were an American professional basketball team located in Salem, Oregon who played in the Pacific Coast Professional Basketball League (PCPBL) during the 1946\u201347 season. The Trailblazers used the Salem Armory as their home court. In February, 1947 the Trailblazers left Salem and became a traveling team because of low attendance. Len Yandle was the head coach of the team until he was replaced by Frank Shone, who eventually resigned the position. The team finished their home games in Mt. Angel, Oregon at the Mount Angel Abbey. The Trailblazers were owned by Dan Hay who struggled throughout the season to pay investors and outstanding bills. After the season, he merged his team with the Spokane team.", "North Carolina Trailblazers The North Carolina Trailblazers is a women's recreational ice hockey association founded in April 1995 in Raleigh, North Carolina. It is one of the oldest existing women's hockey programs in the Southeastern United States. The Trailblazers were founded by Lise Barley-Maloney and a group of women and girls who held their first practices in Dorton Arena on the N.C. State Fairgrounds. By the 2000-01 season, the organization had expanded to the point of fielding two full teams. Since then, it has fielded at least two and sometimes three teams each season ranging in skill level from B to D/open (under USA Hockey classifications). In the 2009-10 season, it is running a three-team house league and will organize \"tournament teams\" for specific competitions. For its 20th anniversary in 2015, the Trailblazers commemorated the occasion by designing a classic green jersey and holding an exhibition game at the PNC Arena prior to a Carolina Hurricanes game. Alumni were invited to attend both games. The organization continues to grow, expanding to five teams in 2016 and six in 2019. The Trailblazers' B team won the USA Hockey Women's B Southeast Regional title in the 2002-03 season. They made it to the USA Hockey Women's Nationals Semifinal Game that same season. The Trailblazers' C team was the silver medalist (second place) in the Southeast Regional division in 2009.", "Derby Trailblazers The Derby Trailblazers are a basketball club based in the city of Derby, Derbyshire. The club were founded as a feeder club for the now-defunct Derby Storm, and wear the same blue and white colours as their predecessor. The Trailblazers operates several men's teams in the English Basketball League, and women's and junior teams at a variety of levels. Their semi-professional Men's First Team compete in English Basketball League Division One. The Trailblazers play their home games at the Noel-Baker Sports Hall. The Trailblazers were founded in 2000 to give local players access to competitive women's and junior basketball teams after the city's professional outfit, Derby Storm, ended their equivalent programmes to focus on their professional team, which was then competing in the British Basketball League. After the Storm closed down in 2002, the Trailblazers added men's basketball to their offering, and started to gradually work their way up the English Basketball League. Only a few years after entering a Men's team in the National League, the Trailblazers were crowned Champions of Division Two in 2007, and were promoted to Division One for the 2007/2008 season, along with the Taunton Tigers and Bristol Academy Flyers. The team were successful in the second tier of British basketball, with the Trailblazers crowned Champions of Division One in 2010 with a 17-5 record, and winning the EBL Men's Trophy in 2012, beating Bristol Academy Flyers 87-60 in the final. This success was hard to sustain though, with the team winning only six league games in the 2012/2013 season, and suffering demotion back to Division Two as a result. However, 2013/2014 saw the Trailblazers win promotion back to Division One at the first attempt, winning Division Two with a game to spare.", "Trailblazers (video game) Trailblazers is a racing video game developed by British studio Supergonk and published by Rising Star Games for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Nintendo Switch in May 2018. \"Trailblazers\" is a high-speed racing game that has been compared to games like Wipeout, F-Zero, and Splatoon. Players control one of eight different racers, with each racer's vehicle capable of painting their team's colour on the track, create boost pads for the team. Teams in each race can have up to three racers each. \"Trailblazers\" was developed by Supergonk, a studio consisting of developers who had previously worked at studios like Codemasters, Bizarre Creations, and Lionhead Studios. In May 2018, a trailer was released for the game to celebrate the launch of the game. In a hands-on preview on March 2018, Blake Morse of Shack News praised the visuals, comparing the graphics to \"Borderlands\". The Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One versions of \"Trailblazers\" received \"mixed or average\" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. Martin Robinson of Eurogamer criticized the game for its poor \"energy\"."], "answer": {"text": "Walton demanded to be traded, citing unethical and incompetent treatment of his and other players' injuries", "answer_start": 172}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Portland Trail Blazers", "answer": {"text": "Portland Trail Blazers in the 1974 NBA draft", "answer_start": 157, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he join the Portland Trailblazers ?", "answer": {"text": "1974 NBA draft and was hailed as the savior of the Portland franchise. He signed with the Trail Blazers", "answer_start": 187, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Against whom did he play while with the Trailblazers?", "answer": {"text": "Walton returned to action for the playoffs, but was reinjured in the second game of a series against the Seattle SuperSonics.", "answer_start": 1695, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any notable wins ?", "answer": {"text": "He nonetheless won the league MVP that season (1978) and the Sporting News NBA MVP, as well.", "answer_start": 1473, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ece8b3ecad8a47d5a1380955ce47184a_0_q#5", "question": "When did he leave the Trailblazers ?", "rewrite": "When did Walton leave the Trailblazers ?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Trailblazers (video game) Trailblazers is a racing video game developed by British studio Supergonk and published by Rising Star Games for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Nintendo Switch in May 2018. \"Trailblazers\" is a high-speed racing game that has been compared to games like Wipeout, F-Zero, and Splatoon. Players control one of eight different racers, with each racer's vehicle capable of painting their team's colour on the track, create boost pads for the team. Teams in each race can have up to three racers each. \"Trailblazers\" was developed by Supergonk, a studio consisting of developers who had previously worked at studios like Codemasters, Bizarre Creations, and Lionhead Studios. In May 2018, a trailer was released for the game to celebrate the launch of the game. In a hands-on preview on March 2018, Blake Morse of Shack News praised the visuals, comparing the graphics to \"Borderlands\". The Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One versions of \"Trailblazers\" received \"mixed or average\" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. Martin Robinson of Eurogamer criticized the game for its poor \"energy\".", "Orchard Park Trailblazers The Orchard Park Trailblazers are one of the most violent street gangs operating in the Roxbury section of Boston. The gang was mostly active in the early 1990s and became infamous for violence. They are bitter rivals of the Columbia Point Dawgs. Both gangs have been feuding on the streets of Boston for nearly 30 years. The Orchard Park Trailblazers originated in the former Orchard Park Projects in the 1970s. It wasn't until the late-1980s that the gang began to participate in criminal activities such as robbery and drug trafficking. The Boston Police Department began to track the trailblazers in the early-1990s and cracked down on the gang in the mid-2000s. On April 11, 1997, fourteen members of the \"Orchard Park Trailblazers\" were charged in federal criminal complaints with conspiring to distribute and distributing crack cocaine. Two additional members of the gang were charged with state drug offenses. The sixteen defendants were arrested in a coordinated series of raids in Roxbury and Dorchester by federal, state, and local law enforcement. On June 23, 2004, 15 Trailblazers where arrested, and charged after a 24-hour raid. All of the men were charged and sent to prison.", "North Carolina Trailblazers The North Carolina Trailblazers is a women's recreational ice hockey association founded in April 1995 in Raleigh, North Carolina. It is one of the oldest existing women's hockey programs in the Southeastern United States. The Trailblazers were founded by Lise Barley-Maloney and a group of women and girls who held their first practices in Dorton Arena on the N.C. State Fairgrounds. By the 2000-01 season, the organization had expanded to the point of fielding two full teams. Since then, it has fielded at least two and sometimes three teams each season ranging in skill level from B to D/open (under USA Hockey classifications). In the 2009-10 season, it is running a three-team house league and will organize \"tournament teams\" for specific competitions. For its 20th anniversary in 2015, the Trailblazers commemorated the occasion by designing a classic green jersey and holding an exhibition game at the PNC Arena prior to a Carolina Hurricanes game. Alumni were invited to attend both games. The organization continues to grow, expanding to five teams in 2016 and six in 2019. The Trailblazers' B team won the USA Hockey Women's B Southeast Regional title in the 2002-03 season. They made it to the USA Hockey Women's Nationals Semifinal Game that same season. The Trailblazers' C team was the silver medalist (second place) in the Southeast Regional division in 2009.", "Salem Trailblazers The Salem Trailblazers were an American professional basketball team located in Salem, Oregon who played in the Pacific Coast Professional Basketball League (PCPBL) during the 1946\u201347 season. The Trailblazers used the Salem Armory as their home court. In February, 1947 the Trailblazers left Salem and became a traveling team because of low attendance. Len Yandle was the head coach of the team until he was replaced by Frank Shone, who eventually resigned the position. The team finished their home games in Mt. Angel, Oregon at the Mount Angel Abbey. The Trailblazers were owned by Dan Hay who struggled throughout the season to pay investors and outstanding bills. After the season, he merged his team with the Spokane team.", "Derby Trailblazers The Derby Trailblazers are a basketball club based in the city of Derby, Derbyshire. The club were founded as a feeder club for the now-defunct Derby Storm, and wear the same blue and white colours as their predecessor. The Trailblazers operates several men's teams in the English Basketball League, and women's and junior teams at a variety of levels. Their semi-professional Men's First Team compete in English Basketball League Division One. The Trailblazers play their home games at the Noel-Baker Sports Hall. The Trailblazers were founded in 2000 to give local players access to competitive women's and junior basketball teams after the city's professional outfit, Derby Storm, ended their equivalent programmes to focus on their professional team, which was then competing in the British Basketball League. After the Storm closed down in 2002, the Trailblazers added men's basketball to their offering, and started to gradually work their way up the English Basketball League. Only a few years after entering a Men's team in the National League, the Trailblazers were crowned Champions of Division Two in 2007, and were promoted to Division One for the 2007/2008 season, along with the Taunton Tigers and Bristol Academy Flyers. The team were successful in the second tier of British basketball, with the Trailblazers crowned Champions of Division One in 2010 with a 17-5 record, and winning the EBL Men's Trophy in 2012, beating Bristol Academy Flyers 87-60 in the final. This success was hard to sustain though, with the team winning only six league games in the 2012/2013 season, and suffering demotion back to Division Two as a result. However, 2013/2014 saw the Trailblazers win promotion back to Division One at the first attempt, winning Division Two with a game to spare."], "answer": {"text": "He did not get his wish and sat out the 1978-79 season in protest, signing with the San Diego Clippers when he became a free agent in 1979.", "answer_start": 310}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Portland Trail Blazers", "answer": {"text": "Portland Trail Blazers in the 1974 NBA draft", "answer_start": 157, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he join the Portland Trailblazers ?", "answer": {"text": "1974 NBA draft and was hailed as the savior of the Portland franchise. He signed with the Trail Blazers", "answer_start": 187, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Against whom did he play while with the Trailblazers?", "answer": {"text": "Walton returned to action for the playoffs, but was reinjured in the second game of a series against the Seattle SuperSonics.", "answer_start": 1695, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any notable wins ?", "answer": {"text": "He nonetheless won the league MVP that season (1978) and the Sporting News NBA MVP, as well.", "answer_start": 1473, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do after the Trailblazers ?", "answer": {"text": "Walton demanded to be traded, citing unethical and incompetent treatment of his and other players' injuries", "answer_start": 172, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_4eb70ac453504815b1a0422105098435_0_q#0", "question": "Who is Julia Holcomb?", "rewrite": "Who is Julia Holcomb?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Corey Holcomb Corey Lamont Holcomb (born June 23, 1969) is an American comedian, radio host and actor. Born and raised in Chicago, Illinois, Holcomb got his start in comedy with the help of another Chicago-area comedian, Godfrey. He currently hosts his own internet show, \"The Corey Holcomb 5150 Show\", which currently airs Tuesday nights (7PM-PST/10PM-EST), live on YouTube. Corey Holcomb was raised in Chicago's notorious (now defunct) Robert Taylor Homes. Following a short college basketball career, Holcomb began a career as a standup comedian in Chicago. Holcomb, along with comedians Godfrey and DeRay Davis, emerged as the face of Chicago's comedy scene in the late 1990s. Often billing himself as the \"Ghetto Dr. Phil\", most of Holcomb's standup material revolves around relationships, particularly relationships gone wrong. In addition to touring the country, he has been a regular on the stand-up/improv-based television shows \"Comic View\", \"Def Comedy Jam\", \"Last Comic Standing\", and \"Nick Cannon Presents Wild 'n Out\". Early in his career, Holcomb appeared once on \"The Jerry Springer Show\" with fellow comedian DeRay Davis. He has appeared in three comedy specials of his own, \"Corey Holcomb: The Problem Is You\", \"Comedy Central Presents: Corey Holcomb\", and \"Corey Holcomb: Your Way Ain't Working\". He also appeared on the 2010 edition of Shaquille O'Neal's \"All-Star Comedy Jam\". As an actor, Holcomb has appeared as guest star on several sitcoms such as \"Half & Half\"", "Roscoe Holcomb Roscoe Holcomb, (born Roscoe Halcomb September 5, 1912 \u2013 died February 1, 1981) was an American singer, banjo player, and guitarist from Daisy, Kentucky. A prominent figure in Appalachian folk music , Holcomb was the inspiration for the term \"high, lonesome sound,\" coined by folklorist and friend John Cohen. The \"high lonesome sound\" term is now used to describe bluegrass singing, although Holcomb was not, strictly speaking, a bluegrass performer. Holcomb's repertoire included old-time music, hymns, traditional music and blues ballads. In addition to playing the banjo and guitar, he was a competent harmonica and fiddle player, and sang many of his most memorable songs a cappella. Holcomb stated \"Up till then the blues were only inside me; Blind Lemon was the first to 'let out' the blues.\" Holcomb sang in a nasal style informed by the Old Regular Baptist vocal tradition. Bob Dylan, a fan of Holcomb, described his singing as possessing \"an untamed sense of control.\" He was also admired by the Stanley Brothers and Eric Clapton, who cited Holcomb as his favorite country musician. A coal miner, construction laborer and farmer for much of his life, Holcomb was not recorded until 1958, after which his career as a professional musician was bolstered by the folk revival in the 1960s. Holcomb gave his last live performance in 1978. Due to what he described as injuries he sustained during his long career as a laborer, Holcomb was eventually unable to work for more than short periods, and his later income came primarily from his music. Suffering from asthma and emphysema as a result of working in coal mines, he died in a nursing home in 1981, at the age of 68.", "In 1975, Tyler persuaded the parents of 16-year-old groupie Julia Holcomb (sometimes spelled Holcolm) to sign over guardianship to him so that he could live with her in Boston. They dated and took drugs together for three years. Holcomb was referred to as \"Diana Hall\" by the editor of the Aerosmith autobiography Walk This Way in an attempt to conceal her identity, but other sources have confirmed her identity. Pressures leading to their split included their age difference (Tyler was 27 when they first met), a withdrawn proposal, a house fire, and a planned pregnancy that resulted in an abortion when Tyler was worried that the fire's smoke and drugs might lead to birth defects. Band member Ray Tabano wrote in Walk This Way that the abortion \"really messed Steven up\" because the child was a boy. Tyler wrote, \"It was a big crisis. It's a major thing when you're growing something with a woman, but they convinced us that it would never work out and would ruin our lives. You go to the doctor and they put the needle in her belly and they squeeze the stuff in and you watch. And it comes out dead. I was pretty devastated. In my mind, I'm going, Jesus, what have I done?\" However, Julia Holcomb has said that Tyler was snorting cocaine while watching the abortion and offered some to her. Julia Holcomb revealed her regret for having the abortion, joined the Silent No More organization of women who have regretted their abortions, and converted to Catholicism.", "John Noble Holcomb John Noble Holcomb ( June 11, 1946 \u2013 December 3, 1968) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration\u2014the Medal of Honor\u2014for his actions in the Vietnam War. Holcomb was born in Baker, Oregon, the son of George Noble Holcomb and Wadean M. Rohner, and a descendant of Thomas Holcomb. He joined the Army from Corvallis, Oregon in 1966, and by December 3, 1968, was serving as a Sergeant in Company D, 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment, 1st Cavalry Division. During an enemy attack on that day, near Qu\u1ea7n L\u1ee3i in the Republic of Vietnam during Operation Sheridan Sabre, Holcomb led his squad and later his platoon, after all other platoon leaders had been killed, in the defense of their position. Holcomb was mortally wounded during the battle and was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his leadership. Holcomb, aged 22 at his death, was buried in Eagle Valley Cemetery, Richland, Oregon. Sergeant Holcomb's official Medal of Honor citation reads: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty. Sgt. Holcomb distinguished himself while serving as a squad leader in Company D during a combat assault mission. Sgt. Holcomb's company assault had landed by helicopter and deployed into a hasty defensive position to organize for a reconnaissance-in-force mission when it was attacked from 3 sides by an estimated battalion-size enemy force. Sgt. Holcomb's squad was directly in the path of the main enemy attack. With complete disregard for the heavy fire, Sgt. Holcomb moved among his men giving encouragement and directing fire on the assaulting enemy. When his machine gunner was knocked out, Sgt.", "Bob Holcomb William Robert \"Bob\" Holcomb (March 1, 1922 \u2013 November 29, 2010) was an American politician and attorney. Holcomb was the longest serving mayor of San Bernardino, California, to date. He held office as San Bernardino's mayor from 1971 until 1985, and returned to office again from 1989 until 1993. Holcomb has been widely credited with preserving the independence of the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District and its local water supply. Holcomb was born on March 1, 1922 in San Bernardino, California to Grant Holcomb and Eleanor Burkham Holcomb. Holcomb was the great-grandson of prospector William F. Holcomb, who first discovered gold in 1860 while hunting for bears in the San Bernardino Mountains near Big Bear Lake. The region of William Holcomb's discovery in the San Bernardino Mts. is still known as Holcomb Valley. Bob Holcomb's father, Grant Holcomb, served as the Mayor of San Bernardino from 1925 until 1927. He graduated from San Bernardino High School in 1940 and enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley. However, Holcomb left UC-Berkeley before completing his bachelor's degree in order to enlist in the U.S. Army on October 13, 1942. Holcomb served in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II for three years as a B-17 pilot with the 412th Bomb Squadron, 95th Bomb Group. He flew military bombing missions from the United Kingdom to Nazi Germany during the war. Holcomb was honorably discharged from the U.S. Army on October 26, 1945. He married his wife, Pearl \"Penny\" Pennington, on July 7, 1946. The couple had four children - Jay, William, Robert and Terri Lee."], "answer": {"text": "16-year-old groupie Julia Holcomb", "answer_start": 40}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_4eb70ac453504815b1a0422105098435_0_q#1", "question": "what was her relationship to tyler?", "rewrite": "What was Julia Holcomb's relationship to Steven Tyler?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It consists of a menswear line, inspired by Steven Tyler, and a women's collection inspired by 1970s bohemian styles. Steven Tyler and his daughter, Chelsea Tyler, are the faces of the Andrew Charles advertising campaign and have made appearances at select Macy's stores to promote the brand. Hilfiger has also developed a line of scarves with Steven Tyler for Andrew Charles called Rock Scarf. During the 1980s, Hilfiger played bass guitar in the band King Flux, which consisted of his brother Billy Hilfiger, Richie Stotts of the Plasmatics, and Marky Ramone. Other lineups for this band included Tony Petri from Twisted Sister and Albert Bouchard of Blue \u00d6yster Cult. Hilfiger currently plays bass for the X Brothers along with Joe Bouchard of Blue \u00d6yster Cult. The X Brothers have released two albums to date and are currently recording their third.", "In 1975, Tyler persuaded the parents of 16-year-old groupie Julia Holcomb (sometimes spelled Holcolm) to sign over guardianship to him so that he could live with her in Boston. They dated and took drugs together for three years. Holcomb was referred to as \"Diana Hall\" by the editor of the Aerosmith autobiography Walk This Way in an attempt to conceal her identity, but other sources have confirmed her identity. Pressures leading to their split included their age difference (Tyler was 27 when they first met), a withdrawn proposal, a house fire, and a planned pregnancy that resulted in an abortion when Tyler was worried that the fire's smoke and drugs might lead to birth defects. Band member Ray Tabano wrote in Walk This Way that the abortion \"really messed Steven up\" because the child was a boy. Tyler wrote, \"It was a big crisis. It's a major thing when you're growing something with a woman, but they convinced us that it would never work out and would ruin our lives. You go to the doctor and they put the needle in her belly and they squeeze the stuff in and you watch. And it comes out dead. I was pretty devastated. In my mind, I'm going, Jesus, what have I done?\" However, Julia Holcomb has said that Tyler was snorting cocaine while watching the abortion and offered some to her. Julia Holcomb revealed her regret for having the abortion, joined the Silent No More organization of women who have regretted their abortions, and converted to Catholicism.", "Bob Holcomb William Robert \"Bob\" Holcomb (March 1, 1922 \u2013 November 29, 2010) was an American politician and attorney. Holcomb was the longest serving mayor of San Bernardino, California, to date. He held office as San Bernardino's mayor from 1971 until 1985, and returned to office again from 1989 until 1993. Holcomb has been widely credited with preserving the independence of the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District and its local water supply. Holcomb was born on March 1, 1922 in San Bernardino, California to Grant Holcomb and Eleanor Burkham Holcomb. Holcomb was the great-grandson of prospector William F. Holcomb, who first discovered gold in 1860 while hunting for bears in the San Bernardino Mountains near Big Bear Lake. The region of William Holcomb's discovery in the San Bernardino Mts. is still known as Holcomb Valley. Bob Holcomb's father, Grant Holcomb, served as the Mayor of San Bernardino from 1925 until 1927. He graduated from San Bernardino High School in 1940 and enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley. However, Holcomb left UC-Berkeley before completing his bachelor's degree in order to enlist in the U.S. Army on October 13, 1942. Holcomb served in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II for three years as a B-17 pilot with the 412th Bomb Squadron, 95th Bomb Group. He flew military bombing missions from the United Kingdom to Nazi Germany during the war. Holcomb was honorably discharged from the U.S. Army on October 26, 1945. He married his wife, Pearl \"Penny\" Pennington, on July 7, 1946. The couple had four children - Jay, William, Robert and Terri Lee.", "In September 2011 Buell released \"Hard Love\", an aggressive rock album influenced by grunge and glam rock. It was produced by Wallerstein and Stephen DeAcutis. The 11-track record features original songs alongside covers of Gang of Four's \"I Love a Man in Uniform\" and \"Baby Baby\" by the English punk rock band the Vibrators. Buell has dated many musicians, beginning with Paul Cowsill of the Cowsills when she was 16. She has dated Mick Jagger, Iggy Pop, David Bowie, Elvis Costello, Todd Rundgren, Jimmy Page, and Steven Tyler, but she rejects the label \"groupie\". From 1972 to 1979, Bebe Buell had a longterm, on and off, relationship with Todd Rundgren. In 1976, Buell became unexpectedly pregnant from her brief relationship with Steven Tyler. On July 1, 1977, Buell gave birth to future actress/model Liv Tyler, but Buell initially named her child \"Liv Rundgren\" and claimed that Todd Rundgren was the biological father to protect the child from Tyler's drug addiction. Rundgren and Buell ended their romantic relationship shortly after Liv's birth. At age nine, Liv found out that she was Steven Tyler's biological daughter. In 1992, Buell married for the first time. She wed sometime-musician and actor Coyote Shivers. They divorced in 1999 after a year-long separation. In 2002, she married musician Jim Wallerstein (aka Jim Walters) of Das Damen. For his film \"Almost Famous\", music journalist and filmmaker Cameron Crowe developed the groupie character Penny Lane as a composite of a handful of girls he saw backstage in the late 1960s and early 1970s at concerts calling themselves the \"Flying Garter Girls\".", "Foxe and Tyler married and had a daughter, Mia, but the marriage was troubled by drug addiction, extramarital affairs, and physical and emotional abuse. Foxe and Tyler divorced shortly before Aerosmith made a comeback in the late 1980s. She raised Mia in Sunapee, New Hampshire and New York City. In 1997, Foxe's memoir, \"Dream On: Livin' on the Edge with Steven Tyler and Aerosmith\" , co-written with Danny Fields, was published. Not long after the book was released, Foxe announced that the paperback edition of \"Dream On\" would include nude photos of Steven Tyler, but Tyler won a lawsuit in 1999, preventing Foxe from publishing the photos. In 2000, she launched a web site in which she was selling nude pictures of Tyler, but by the end of the year, the site closed. In 2001, Foxe had a mild stroke. She received Medicaid and food stamps, but she had no apartment or place to live. Myra Freidman organized a benefit at CBGB to raise money for Foxe. Steven Tyler, who also paid her hospital bills, donated a signed Aerosmith guitar to the benefit, which sold for $5000. David Bowie also donated an acoustic guitar. Tyler agreed to pay for a room for Foxe at the Gramercy Park Hotel where, on August 28, 2002, she married musician Keith Waa. Foxe died at age 50 from an inoperable brain tumor on September 7, 2002."], "answer": {"text": "They dated", "answer_start": 177}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is Julia Holcomb?", "answer": {"text": "16-year-old groupie Julia Holcomb", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4eb70ac453504815b1a0422105098435_0_q#2", "question": "when did they date?", "rewrite": "When did Steven Tyler and Julia Holcomb date?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bob Holcomb William Robert \"Bob\" Holcomb (March 1, 1922 \u2013 November 29, 2010) was an American politician and attorney. Holcomb was the longest serving mayor of San Bernardino, California, to date. He held office as San Bernardino's mayor from 1971 until 1985, and returned to office again from 1989 until 1993. Holcomb has been widely credited with preserving the independence of the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District and its local water supply. Holcomb was born on March 1, 1922 in San Bernardino, California to Grant Holcomb and Eleanor Burkham Holcomb. Holcomb was the great-grandson of prospector William F. Holcomb, who first discovered gold in 1860 while hunting for bears in the San Bernardino Mountains near Big Bear Lake. The region of William Holcomb's discovery in the San Bernardino Mts. is still known as Holcomb Valley. Bob Holcomb's father, Grant Holcomb, served as the Mayor of San Bernardino from 1925 until 1927. He graduated from San Bernardino High School in 1940 and enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley. However, Holcomb left UC-Berkeley before completing his bachelor's degree in order to enlist in the U.S. Army on October 13, 1942. Holcomb served in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II for three years as a B-17 pilot with the 412th Bomb Squadron, 95th Bomb Group. He flew military bombing missions from the United Kingdom to Nazi Germany during the war. Holcomb was honorably discharged from the U.S. Army on October 26, 1945. He married his wife, Pearl \"Penny\" Pennington, on July 7, 1946. The couple had four children - Jay, William, Robert and Terri Lee.", "In September 2011 Buell released \"Hard Love\", an aggressive rock album influenced by grunge and glam rock. It was produced by Wallerstein and Stephen DeAcutis. The 11-track record features original songs alongside covers of Gang of Four's \"I Love a Man in Uniform\" and \"Baby Baby\" by the English punk rock band the Vibrators. Buell has dated many musicians, beginning with Paul Cowsill of the Cowsills when she was 16. She has dated Mick Jagger, Iggy Pop, David Bowie, Elvis Costello, Todd Rundgren, Jimmy Page, and Steven Tyler, but she rejects the label \"groupie\". From 1972 to 1979, Bebe Buell had a longterm, on and off, relationship with Todd Rundgren. In 1976, Buell became unexpectedly pregnant from her brief relationship with Steven Tyler. On July 1, 1977, Buell gave birth to future actress/model Liv Tyler, but Buell initially named her child \"Liv Rundgren\" and claimed that Todd Rundgren was the biological father to protect the child from Tyler's drug addiction. Rundgren and Buell ended their romantic relationship shortly after Liv's birth. At age nine, Liv found out that she was Steven Tyler's biological daughter. In 1992, Buell married for the first time. She wed sometime-musician and actor Coyote Shivers. They divorced in 1999 after a year-long separation. In 2002, she married musician Jim Wallerstein (aka Jim Walters) of Das Damen. For his film \"Almost Famous\", music journalist and filmmaker Cameron Crowe developed the groupie character Penny Lane as a composite of a handful of girls he saw backstage in the late 1960s and early 1970s at concerts calling themselves the \"Flying Garter Girls\".", "It consists of a menswear line, inspired by Steven Tyler, and a women's collection inspired by 1970s bohemian styles. Steven Tyler and his daughter, Chelsea Tyler, are the faces of the Andrew Charles advertising campaign and have made appearances at select Macy's stores to promote the brand. Hilfiger has also developed a line of scarves with Steven Tyler for Andrew Charles called Rock Scarf. During the 1980s, Hilfiger played bass guitar in the band King Flux, which consisted of his brother Billy Hilfiger, Richie Stotts of the Plasmatics, and Marky Ramone. Other lineups for this band included Tony Petri from Twisted Sister and Albert Bouchard of Blue \u00d6yster Cult. Hilfiger currently plays bass for the X Brothers along with Joe Bouchard of Blue \u00d6yster Cult. The X Brothers have released two albums to date and are currently recording their third.", "In 1975, Tyler persuaded the parents of 16-year-old groupie Julia Holcomb (sometimes spelled Holcolm) to sign over guardianship to him so that he could live with her in Boston. They dated and took drugs together for three years. Holcomb was referred to as \"Diana Hall\" by the editor of the Aerosmith autobiography Walk This Way in an attempt to conceal her identity, but other sources have confirmed her identity. Pressures leading to their split included their age difference (Tyler was 27 when they first met), a withdrawn proposal, a house fire, and a planned pregnancy that resulted in an abortion when Tyler was worried that the fire's smoke and drugs might lead to birth defects. Band member Ray Tabano wrote in Walk This Way that the abortion \"really messed Steven up\" because the child was a boy. Tyler wrote, \"It was a big crisis. It's a major thing when you're growing something with a woman, but they convinced us that it would never work out and would ruin our lives. You go to the doctor and they put the needle in her belly and they squeeze the stuff in and you watch. And it comes out dead. I was pretty devastated. In my mind, I'm going, Jesus, what have I done?\" However, Julia Holcomb has said that Tyler was snorting cocaine while watching the abortion and offered some to her. Julia Holcomb revealed her regret for having the abortion, joined the Silent No More organization of women who have regretted their abortions, and converted to Catholicism.", "Foxe and Tyler married and had a daughter, Mia, but the marriage was troubled by drug addiction, extramarital affairs, and physical and emotional abuse. Foxe and Tyler divorced shortly before Aerosmith made a comeback in the late 1980s. She raised Mia in Sunapee, New Hampshire and New York City. In 1997, Foxe's memoir, \"Dream On: Livin' on the Edge with Steven Tyler and Aerosmith\" , co-written with Danny Fields, was published. Not long after the book was released, Foxe announced that the paperback edition of \"Dream On\" would include nude photos of Steven Tyler, but Tyler won a lawsuit in 1999, preventing Foxe from publishing the photos. In 2000, she launched a web site in which she was selling nude pictures of Tyler, but by the end of the year, the site closed. In 2001, Foxe had a mild stroke. She received Medicaid and food stamps, but she had no apartment or place to live. Myra Freidman organized a benefit at CBGB to raise money for Foxe. Steven Tyler, who also paid her hospital bills, donated a signed Aerosmith guitar to the benefit, which sold for $5000. David Bowie also donated an acoustic guitar. Tyler agreed to pay for a room for Foxe at the Gramercy Park Hotel where, on August 28, 2002, she married musician Keith Waa. Foxe died at age 50 from an inoperable brain tumor on September 7, 2002."], "answer": {"text": "three years.", "answer_start": 216}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is Julia Holcomb?", "answer": {"text": "16-year-old groupie Julia Holcomb", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her relationship to tyler?", "answer": {"text": "They dated", "answer_start": 177, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4eb70ac453504815b1a0422105098435_0_q#3", "question": "did Tyler discuss their relationship?", "rewrite": "Did Steven Tyler discuss his and Julia Holcomb's relationship?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In September 2011 Buell released \"Hard Love\", an aggressive rock album influenced by grunge and glam rock. It was produced by Wallerstein and Stephen DeAcutis. The 11-track record features original songs alongside covers of Gang of Four's \"I Love a Man in Uniform\" and \"Baby Baby\" by the English punk rock band the Vibrators. Buell has dated many musicians, beginning with Paul Cowsill of the Cowsills when she was 16. She has dated Mick Jagger, Iggy Pop, David Bowie, Elvis Costello, Todd Rundgren, Jimmy Page, and Steven Tyler, but she rejects the label \"groupie\". From 1972 to 1979, Bebe Buell had a longterm, on and off, relationship with Todd Rundgren. In 1976, Buell became unexpectedly pregnant from her brief relationship with Steven Tyler. On July 1, 1977, Buell gave birth to future actress/model Liv Tyler, but Buell initially named her child \"Liv Rundgren\" and claimed that Todd Rundgren was the biological father to protect the child from Tyler's drug addiction. Rundgren and Buell ended their romantic relationship shortly after Liv's birth. At age nine, Liv found out that she was Steven Tyler's biological daughter. In 1992, Buell married for the first time. She wed sometime-musician and actor Coyote Shivers. They divorced in 1999 after a year-long separation. In 2002, she married musician Jim Wallerstein (aka Jim Walters) of Das Damen. For his film \"Almost Famous\", music journalist and filmmaker Cameron Crowe developed the groupie character Penny Lane as a composite of a handful of girls he saw backstage in the late 1960s and early 1970s at concerts calling themselves the \"Flying Garter Girls\".", "Foxe and Tyler married and had a daughter, Mia, but the marriage was troubled by drug addiction, extramarital affairs, and physical and emotional abuse. Foxe and Tyler divorced shortly before Aerosmith made a comeback in the late 1980s. She raised Mia in Sunapee, New Hampshire and New York City. In 1997, Foxe's memoir, \"Dream On: Livin' on the Edge with Steven Tyler and Aerosmith\" , co-written with Danny Fields, was published. Not long after the book was released, Foxe announced that the paperback edition of \"Dream On\" would include nude photos of Steven Tyler, but Tyler won a lawsuit in 1999, preventing Foxe from publishing the photos. In 2000, she launched a web site in which she was selling nude pictures of Tyler, but by the end of the year, the site closed. In 2001, Foxe had a mild stroke. She received Medicaid and food stamps, but she had no apartment or place to live. Myra Freidman organized a benefit at CBGB to raise money for Foxe. Steven Tyler, who also paid her hospital bills, donated a signed Aerosmith guitar to the benefit, which sold for $5000. David Bowie also donated an acoustic guitar. Tyler agreed to pay for a room for Foxe at the Gramercy Park Hotel where, on August 28, 2002, she married musician Keith Waa. Foxe died at age 50 from an inoperable brain tumor on September 7, 2002.", "In 1975, Tyler persuaded the parents of 16-year-old groupie Julia Holcomb (sometimes spelled Holcolm) to sign over guardianship to him so that he could live with her in Boston. They dated and took drugs together for three years. Holcomb was referred to as \"Diana Hall\" by the editor of the Aerosmith autobiography Walk This Way in an attempt to conceal her identity, but other sources have confirmed her identity. Pressures leading to their split included their age difference (Tyler was 27 when they first met), a withdrawn proposal, a house fire, and a planned pregnancy that resulted in an abortion when Tyler was worried that the fire's smoke and drugs might lead to birth defects. Band member Ray Tabano wrote in Walk This Way that the abortion \"really messed Steven up\" because the child was a boy. Tyler wrote, \"It was a big crisis. It's a major thing when you're growing something with a woman, but they convinced us that it would never work out and would ruin our lives. You go to the doctor and they put the needle in her belly and they squeeze the stuff in and you watch. And it comes out dead. I was pretty devastated. In my mind, I'm going, Jesus, what have I done?\" However, Julia Holcomb has said that Tyler was snorting cocaine while watching the abortion and offered some to her. Julia Holcomb revealed her regret for having the abortion, joined the Silent No More organization of women who have regretted their abortions, and converted to Catholicism.", "Bob Holcomb William Robert \"Bob\" Holcomb (March 1, 1922 \u2013 November 29, 2010) was an American politician and attorney. Holcomb was the longest serving mayor of San Bernardino, California, to date. He held office as San Bernardino's mayor from 1971 until 1985, and returned to office again from 1989 until 1993. Holcomb has been widely credited with preserving the independence of the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District and its local water supply. Holcomb was born on March 1, 1922 in San Bernardino, California to Grant Holcomb and Eleanor Burkham Holcomb. Holcomb was the great-grandson of prospector William F. Holcomb, who first discovered gold in 1860 while hunting for bears in the San Bernardino Mountains near Big Bear Lake. The region of William Holcomb's discovery in the San Bernardino Mts. is still known as Holcomb Valley. Bob Holcomb's father, Grant Holcomb, served as the Mayor of San Bernardino from 1925 until 1927. He graduated from San Bernardino High School in 1940 and enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley. However, Holcomb left UC-Berkeley before completing his bachelor's degree in order to enlist in the U.S. Army on October 13, 1942. Holcomb served in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II for three years as a B-17 pilot with the 412th Bomb Squadron, 95th Bomb Group. He flew military bombing missions from the United Kingdom to Nazi Germany during the war. Holcomb was honorably discharged from the U.S. Army on October 26, 1945. He married his wife, Pearl \"Penny\" Pennington, on July 7, 1946. The couple had four children - Jay, William, Robert and Terri Lee.", "Lord of the Thighs \"Lord of the Thighs\" is a song performed by American rock band Aerosmith. It was written by frontman Steven Tyler, and released on the band's 1974 album \"Get Your Wings\". Drummer Joey Kramer has said it is his favorite song to perform live. Kramer and singer Steven Tyler have each said that he alone was the subject of the song's title. The song has remained a live staple since its release. \"Thighs\", as it is commonly abbreviated on setlists and elsewhere, was supposedly the last song written for \"Get Your Wings. \" The band needed one additional song for the album, so they locked themselves in Studio C at the Record Plant in New York City and came up with this song, based on the unsavory characters near their hotel on Eighth Avenue. The tongue-in-cheek lyrics are filled with double entendres and innuendo, and the song is darker than it first appears. The song is notable for the funky drum beat by Kramer. In its opening, the drum beat sounds very similar to \"Walk This Way\" and the song also features lead guitar work by Brad Whitford and piano playing by Steven Tyler. The song has long been a staple in setlists at Aerosmith concerts, and was featured on the live albums \"Live! Bootleg\" and \"Classics Live I\". It was also featured on the deep cut collection \"Gems\". The song was resurrected as a live staple, being played at several concerts on the Rockin' the Joint and Route of All Evil Tours in 2005 and 2006. In concert, the band typically does an extended jam in the song, which often results in the song exceeding seven minutes in length, which prominently features Whitford on lead guitar. Tyler also introduces Whitford before he starts playing the song's riff. Joe Perry typically plays slide guitar."], "answer": {"text": "Holcomb was referred to as \"Diana Hall\" by the editor of the Aerosmith autobiography Walk This Way in an attempt to conceal her identity,", "answer_start": 229}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is Julia Holcomb?", "answer": {"text": "16-year-old groupie Julia Holcomb", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her relationship to tyler?", "answer": {"text": "They dated", "answer_start": 177, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did they date?", "answer": {"text": "three years.", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4eb70ac453504815b1a0422105098435_0_q#5", "question": "what stands out about their relationship?", "rewrite": "What stands out about Steven Tyler's and Julia Holcomb's relationship?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lord of the Thighs \"Lord of the Thighs\" is a song performed by American rock band Aerosmith. It was written by frontman Steven Tyler, and released on the band's 1974 album \"Get Your Wings\". Drummer Joey Kramer has said it is his favorite song to perform live. Kramer and singer Steven Tyler have each said that he alone was the subject of the song's title. The song has remained a live staple since its release. \"Thighs\", as it is commonly abbreviated on setlists and elsewhere, was supposedly the last song written for \"Get Your Wings. \" The band needed one additional song for the album, so they locked themselves in Studio C at the Record Plant in New York City and came up with this song, based on the unsavory characters near their hotel on Eighth Avenue. The tongue-in-cheek lyrics are filled with double entendres and innuendo, and the song is darker than it first appears. The song is notable for the funky drum beat by Kramer. In its opening, the drum beat sounds very similar to \"Walk This Way\" and the song also features lead guitar work by Brad Whitford and piano playing by Steven Tyler. The song has long been a staple in setlists at Aerosmith concerts, and was featured on the live albums \"Live! Bootleg\" and \"Classics Live I\". It was also featured on the deep cut collection \"Gems\". The song was resurrected as a live staple, being played at several concerts on the Rockin' the Joint and Route of All Evil Tours in 2005 and 2006. In concert, the band typically does an extended jam in the song, which often results in the song exceeding seven minutes in length, which prominently features Whitford on lead guitar. Tyler also introduces Whitford before he starts playing the song's riff. Joe Perry typically plays slide guitar.", "In September 2011 Buell released \"Hard Love\", an aggressive rock album influenced by grunge and glam rock. It was produced by Wallerstein and Stephen DeAcutis. The 11-track record features original songs alongside covers of Gang of Four's \"I Love a Man in Uniform\" and \"Baby Baby\" by the English punk rock band the Vibrators. Buell has dated many musicians, beginning with Paul Cowsill of the Cowsills when she was 16. She has dated Mick Jagger, Iggy Pop, David Bowie, Elvis Costello, Todd Rundgren, Jimmy Page, and Steven Tyler, but she rejects the label \"groupie\". From 1972 to 1979, Bebe Buell had a longterm, on and off, relationship with Todd Rundgren. In 1976, Buell became unexpectedly pregnant from her brief relationship with Steven Tyler. On July 1, 1977, Buell gave birth to future actress/model Liv Tyler, but Buell initially named her child \"Liv Rundgren\" and claimed that Todd Rundgren was the biological father to protect the child from Tyler's drug addiction. Rundgren and Buell ended their romantic relationship shortly after Liv's birth. At age nine, Liv found out that she was Steven Tyler's biological daughter. In 1992, Buell married for the first time. She wed sometime-musician and actor Coyote Shivers. They divorced in 1999 after a year-long separation. In 2002, she married musician Jim Wallerstein (aka Jim Walters) of Das Damen. For his film \"Almost Famous\", music journalist and filmmaker Cameron Crowe developed the groupie character Penny Lane as a composite of a handful of girls he saw backstage in the late 1960s and early 1970s at concerts calling themselves the \"Flying Garter Girls\".", "Foxe and Tyler married and had a daughter, Mia, but the marriage was troubled by drug addiction, extramarital affairs, and physical and emotional abuse. Foxe and Tyler divorced shortly before Aerosmith made a comeback in the late 1980s. She raised Mia in Sunapee, New Hampshire and New York City. In 1997, Foxe's memoir, \"Dream On: Livin' on the Edge with Steven Tyler and Aerosmith\" , co-written with Danny Fields, was published. Not long after the book was released, Foxe announced that the paperback edition of \"Dream On\" would include nude photos of Steven Tyler, but Tyler won a lawsuit in 1999, preventing Foxe from publishing the photos. In 2000, she launched a web site in which she was selling nude pictures of Tyler, but by the end of the year, the site closed. In 2001, Foxe had a mild stroke. She received Medicaid and food stamps, but she had no apartment or place to live. Myra Freidman organized a benefit at CBGB to raise money for Foxe. Steven Tyler, who also paid her hospital bills, donated a signed Aerosmith guitar to the benefit, which sold for $5000. David Bowie also donated an acoustic guitar. Tyler agreed to pay for a room for Foxe at the Gramercy Park Hotel where, on August 28, 2002, she married musician Keith Waa. Foxe died at age 50 from an inoperable brain tumor on September 7, 2002.", "Bob Holcomb William Robert \"Bob\" Holcomb (March 1, 1922 \u2013 November 29, 2010) was an American politician and attorney. Holcomb was the longest serving mayor of San Bernardino, California, to date. He held office as San Bernardino's mayor from 1971 until 1985, and returned to office again from 1989 until 1993. Holcomb has been widely credited with preserving the independence of the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District and its local water supply. Holcomb was born on March 1, 1922 in San Bernardino, California to Grant Holcomb and Eleanor Burkham Holcomb. Holcomb was the great-grandson of prospector William F. Holcomb, who first discovered gold in 1860 while hunting for bears in the San Bernardino Mountains near Big Bear Lake. The region of William Holcomb's discovery in the San Bernardino Mts. is still known as Holcomb Valley. Bob Holcomb's father, Grant Holcomb, served as the Mayor of San Bernardino from 1925 until 1927. He graduated from San Bernardino High School in 1940 and enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley. However, Holcomb left UC-Berkeley before completing his bachelor's degree in order to enlist in the U.S. Army on October 13, 1942. Holcomb served in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II for three years as a B-17 pilot with the 412th Bomb Squadron, 95th Bomb Group. He flew military bombing missions from the United Kingdom to Nazi Germany during the war. Holcomb was honorably discharged from the U.S. Army on October 26, 1945. He married his wife, Pearl \"Penny\" Pennington, on July 7, 1946. The couple had four children - Jay, William, Robert and Terri Lee.", "In 1975, Tyler persuaded the parents of 16-year-old groupie Julia Holcomb (sometimes spelled Holcolm) to sign over guardianship to him so that he could live with her in Boston. They dated and took drugs together for three years. Holcomb was referred to as \"Diana Hall\" by the editor of the Aerosmith autobiography Walk This Way in an attempt to conceal her identity, but other sources have confirmed her identity. Pressures leading to their split included their age difference (Tyler was 27 when they first met), a withdrawn proposal, a house fire, and a planned pregnancy that resulted in an abortion when Tyler was worried that the fire's smoke and drugs might lead to birth defects. Band member Ray Tabano wrote in Walk This Way that the abortion \"really messed Steven up\" because the child was a boy. Tyler wrote, \"It was a big crisis. It's a major thing when you're growing something with a woman, but they convinced us that it would never work out and would ruin our lives. You go to the doctor and they put the needle in her belly and they squeeze the stuff in and you watch. And it comes out dead. I was pretty devastated. In my mind, I'm going, Jesus, what have I done?\" However, Julia Holcomb has said that Tyler was snorting cocaine while watching the abortion and offered some to her. Julia Holcomb revealed her regret for having the abortion, joined the Silent No More organization of women who have regretted their abortions, and converted to Catholicism."], "answer": {"text": "and a planned pregnancy that resulted in an abortion", "answer_start": 549}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Who is Julia Holcomb?", "answer": {"text": "16-year-old groupie Julia Holcomb", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her relationship to tyler?", "answer": {"text": "They dated", "answer_start": 177, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did they date?", "answer": {"text": "three years.", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did Tyler discuss their relationship?", "answer": {"text": "Holcomb was referred to as \"Diana Hall\" by the editor of the Aerosmith autobiography Walk This Way in an attempt to conceal her identity,", "answer_start": 229, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why were they concealing her identity?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4eb70ac453504815b1a0422105098435_0_q#6", "question": "why did they have an abortion?", "rewrite": "Why did Steven Tyler and Julia Holcomb have an abortion?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Foxe and Tyler married and had a daughter, Mia, but the marriage was troubled by drug addiction, extramarital affairs, and physical and emotional abuse. Foxe and Tyler divorced shortly before Aerosmith made a comeback in the late 1980s. She raised Mia in Sunapee, New Hampshire and New York City. In 1997, Foxe's memoir, \"Dream On: Livin' on the Edge with Steven Tyler and Aerosmith\" , co-written with Danny Fields, was published. Not long after the book was released, Foxe announced that the paperback edition of \"Dream On\" would include nude photos of Steven Tyler, but Tyler won a lawsuit in 1999, preventing Foxe from publishing the photos. In 2000, she launched a web site in which she was selling nude pictures of Tyler, but by the end of the year, the site closed. In 2001, Foxe had a mild stroke. She received Medicaid and food stamps, but she had no apartment or place to live. Myra Freidman organized a benefit at CBGB to raise money for Foxe. Steven Tyler, who also paid her hospital bills, donated a signed Aerosmith guitar to the benefit, which sold for $5000. David Bowie also donated an acoustic guitar. Tyler agreed to pay for a room for Foxe at the Gramercy Park Hotel where, on August 28, 2002, she married musician Keith Waa. Foxe died at age 50 from an inoperable brain tumor on September 7, 2002.", "In September 2011 Buell released \"Hard Love\", an aggressive rock album influenced by grunge and glam rock. It was produced by Wallerstein and Stephen DeAcutis. The 11-track record features original songs alongside covers of Gang of Four's \"I Love a Man in Uniform\" and \"Baby Baby\" by the English punk rock band the Vibrators. Buell has dated many musicians, beginning with Paul Cowsill of the Cowsills when she was 16. She has dated Mick Jagger, Iggy Pop, David Bowie, Elvis Costello, Todd Rundgren, Jimmy Page, and Steven Tyler, but she rejects the label \"groupie\". From 1972 to 1979, Bebe Buell had a longterm, on and off, relationship with Todd Rundgren. In 1976, Buell became unexpectedly pregnant from her brief relationship with Steven Tyler. On July 1, 1977, Buell gave birth to future actress/model Liv Tyler, but Buell initially named her child \"Liv Rundgren\" and claimed that Todd Rundgren was the biological father to protect the child from Tyler's drug addiction. Rundgren and Buell ended their romantic relationship shortly after Liv's birth. At age nine, Liv found out that she was Steven Tyler's biological daughter. In 1992, Buell married for the first time. She wed sometime-musician and actor Coyote Shivers. They divorced in 1999 after a year-long separation. In 2002, she married musician Jim Wallerstein (aka Jim Walters) of Das Damen. For his film \"Almost Famous\", music journalist and filmmaker Cameron Crowe developed the groupie character Penny Lane as a composite of a handful of girls he saw backstage in the late 1960s and early 1970s at concerts calling themselves the \"Flying Garter Girls\".", "In 1975, Tyler persuaded the parents of 16-year-old groupie Julia Holcomb (sometimes spelled Holcolm) to sign over guardianship to him so that he could live with her in Boston. They dated and took drugs together for three years. Holcomb was referred to as \"Diana Hall\" by the editor of the Aerosmith autobiography Walk This Way in an attempt to conceal her identity, but other sources have confirmed her identity. Pressures leading to their split included their age difference (Tyler was 27 when they first met), a withdrawn proposal, a house fire, and a planned pregnancy that resulted in an abortion when Tyler was worried that the fire's smoke and drugs might lead to birth defects. Band member Ray Tabano wrote in Walk This Way that the abortion \"really messed Steven up\" because the child was a boy. Tyler wrote, \"It was a big crisis. It's a major thing when you're growing something with a woman, but they convinced us that it would never work out and would ruin our lives. You go to the doctor and they put the needle in her belly and they squeeze the stuff in and you watch. And it comes out dead. I was pretty devastated. In my mind, I'm going, Jesus, what have I done?\" However, Julia Holcomb has said that Tyler was snorting cocaine while watching the abortion and offered some to her. Julia Holcomb revealed her regret for having the abortion, joined the Silent No More organization of women who have regretted their abortions, and converted to Catholicism.", "Lord of the Thighs \"Lord of the Thighs\" is a song performed by American rock band Aerosmith. It was written by frontman Steven Tyler, and released on the band's 1974 album \"Get Your Wings\". Drummer Joey Kramer has said it is his favorite song to perform live. Kramer and singer Steven Tyler have each said that he alone was the subject of the song's title. The song has remained a live staple since its release. \"Thighs\", as it is commonly abbreviated on setlists and elsewhere, was supposedly the last song written for \"Get Your Wings. \" The band needed one additional song for the album, so they locked themselves in Studio C at the Record Plant in New York City and came up with this song, based on the unsavory characters near their hotel on Eighth Avenue. The tongue-in-cheek lyrics are filled with double entendres and innuendo, and the song is darker than it first appears. The song is notable for the funky drum beat by Kramer. In its opening, the drum beat sounds very similar to \"Walk This Way\" and the song also features lead guitar work by Brad Whitford and piano playing by Steven Tyler. The song has long been a staple in setlists at Aerosmith concerts, and was featured on the live albums \"Live! Bootleg\" and \"Classics Live I\". It was also featured on the deep cut collection \"Gems\". The song was resurrected as a live staple, being played at several concerts on the Rockin' the Joint and Route of All Evil Tours in 2005 and 2006. In concert, the band typically does an extended jam in the song, which often results in the song exceeding seven minutes in length, which prominently features Whitford on lead guitar. Tyler also introduces Whitford before he starts playing the song's riff. Joe Perry typically plays slide guitar.", "Bob Holcomb William Robert \"Bob\" Holcomb (March 1, 1922 \u2013 November 29, 2010) was an American politician and attorney. Holcomb was the longest serving mayor of San Bernardino, California, to date. He held office as San Bernardino's mayor from 1971 until 1985, and returned to office again from 1989 until 1993. Holcomb has been widely credited with preserving the independence of the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District and its local water supply. Holcomb was born on March 1, 1922 in San Bernardino, California to Grant Holcomb and Eleanor Burkham Holcomb. Holcomb was the great-grandson of prospector William F. Holcomb, who first discovered gold in 1860 while hunting for bears in the San Bernardino Mountains near Big Bear Lake. The region of William Holcomb's discovery in the San Bernardino Mts. is still known as Holcomb Valley. Bob Holcomb's father, Grant Holcomb, served as the Mayor of San Bernardino from 1925 until 1927. He graduated from San Bernardino High School in 1940 and enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley. However, Holcomb left UC-Berkeley before completing his bachelor's degree in order to enlist in the U.S. Army on October 13, 1942. Holcomb served in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II for three years as a B-17 pilot with the 412th Bomb Squadron, 95th Bomb Group. He flew military bombing missions from the United Kingdom to Nazi Germany during the war. Holcomb was honorably discharged from the U.S. Army on October 26, 1945. He married his wife, Pearl \"Penny\" Pennington, on July 7, 1946. The couple had four children - Jay, William, Robert and Terri Lee."], "answer": {"text": "Tyler was worried that the fire's smoke and drugs might lead to birth defects.", "answer_start": 607}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is Julia Holcomb?", "answer": {"text": "16-year-old groupie Julia Holcomb", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her relationship to tyler?", "answer": {"text": "They dated", "answer_start": 177, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did they date?", "answer": {"text": "three years.", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did Tyler discuss their relationship?", "answer": {"text": "Holcomb was referred to as \"Diana Hall\" by the editor of the Aerosmith autobiography Walk This Way in an attempt to conceal her identity,", "answer_start": 229, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why were they concealing her identity?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what stands out about their relationship?", "answer": {"text": "and a planned pregnancy that resulted in an abortion", "answer_start": 549, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4eb70ac453504815b1a0422105098435_0_q#7", "question": "did either of them discuss it publicly?", "rewrite": "Did Steven Tyler or Julia Holcomb discuss the abortion publicly?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 1975, Tyler persuaded the parents of 16-year-old groupie Julia Holcomb (sometimes spelled Holcolm) to sign over guardianship to him so that he could live with her in Boston. They dated and took drugs together for three years. Holcomb was referred to as \"Diana Hall\" by the editor of the Aerosmith autobiography Walk This Way in an attempt to conceal her identity, but other sources have confirmed her identity. Pressures leading to their split included their age difference (Tyler was 27 when they first met), a withdrawn proposal, a house fire, and a planned pregnancy that resulted in an abortion when Tyler was worried that the fire's smoke and drugs might lead to birth defects. Band member Ray Tabano wrote in Walk This Way that the abortion \"really messed Steven up\" because the child was a boy. Tyler wrote, \"It was a big crisis. It's a major thing when you're growing something with a woman, but they convinced us that it would never work out and would ruin our lives. You go to the doctor and they put the needle in her belly and they squeeze the stuff in and you watch. And it comes out dead. I was pretty devastated. In my mind, I'm going, Jesus, what have I done?\" However, Julia Holcomb has said that Tyler was snorting cocaine while watching the abortion and offered some to her. Julia Holcomb revealed her regret for having the abortion, joined the Silent No More organization of women who have regretted their abortions, and converted to Catholicism.", "Bob Holcomb William Robert \"Bob\" Holcomb (March 1, 1922 \u2013 November 29, 2010) was an American politician and attorney. Holcomb was the longest serving mayor of San Bernardino, California, to date. He held office as San Bernardino's mayor from 1971 until 1985, and returned to office again from 1989 until 1993. Holcomb has been widely credited with preserving the independence of the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District and its local water supply. Holcomb was born on March 1, 1922 in San Bernardino, California to Grant Holcomb and Eleanor Burkham Holcomb. Holcomb was the great-grandson of prospector William F. Holcomb, who first discovered gold in 1860 while hunting for bears in the San Bernardino Mountains near Big Bear Lake. The region of William Holcomb's discovery in the San Bernardino Mts. is still known as Holcomb Valley. Bob Holcomb's father, Grant Holcomb, served as the Mayor of San Bernardino from 1925 until 1927. He graduated from San Bernardino High School in 1940 and enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley. However, Holcomb left UC-Berkeley before completing his bachelor's degree in order to enlist in the U.S. Army on October 13, 1942. Holcomb served in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II for three years as a B-17 pilot with the 412th Bomb Squadron, 95th Bomb Group. He flew military bombing missions from the United Kingdom to Nazi Germany during the war. Holcomb was honorably discharged from the U.S. Army on October 26, 1945. He married his wife, Pearl \"Penny\" Pennington, on July 7, 1946. The couple had four children - Jay, William, Robert and Terri Lee.", "In September 2011 Buell released \"Hard Love\", an aggressive rock album influenced by grunge and glam rock. It was produced by Wallerstein and Stephen DeAcutis. The 11-track record features original songs alongside covers of Gang of Four's \"I Love a Man in Uniform\" and \"Baby Baby\" by the English punk rock band the Vibrators. Buell has dated many musicians, beginning with Paul Cowsill of the Cowsills when she was 16. She has dated Mick Jagger, Iggy Pop, David Bowie, Elvis Costello, Todd Rundgren, Jimmy Page, and Steven Tyler, but she rejects the label \"groupie\". From 1972 to 1979, Bebe Buell had a longterm, on and off, relationship with Todd Rundgren. In 1976, Buell became unexpectedly pregnant from her brief relationship with Steven Tyler. On July 1, 1977, Buell gave birth to future actress/model Liv Tyler, but Buell initially named her child \"Liv Rundgren\" and claimed that Todd Rundgren was the biological father to protect the child from Tyler's drug addiction. Rundgren and Buell ended their romantic relationship shortly after Liv's birth. At age nine, Liv found out that she was Steven Tyler's biological daughter. In 1992, Buell married for the first time. She wed sometime-musician and actor Coyote Shivers. They divorced in 1999 after a year-long separation. In 2002, she married musician Jim Wallerstein (aka Jim Walters) of Das Damen. For his film \"Almost Famous\", music journalist and filmmaker Cameron Crowe developed the groupie character Penny Lane as a composite of a handful of girls he saw backstage in the late 1960s and early 1970s at concerts calling themselves the \"Flying Garter Girls\".", "Foxe and Tyler married and had a daughter, Mia, but the marriage was troubled by drug addiction, extramarital affairs, and physical and emotional abuse. Foxe and Tyler divorced shortly before Aerosmith made a comeback in the late 1980s. She raised Mia in Sunapee, New Hampshire and New York City. In 1997, Foxe's memoir, \"Dream On: Livin' on the Edge with Steven Tyler and Aerosmith\" , co-written with Danny Fields, was published. Not long after the book was released, Foxe announced that the paperback edition of \"Dream On\" would include nude photos of Steven Tyler, but Tyler won a lawsuit in 1999, preventing Foxe from publishing the photos. In 2000, she launched a web site in which she was selling nude pictures of Tyler, but by the end of the year, the site closed. In 2001, Foxe had a mild stroke. She received Medicaid and food stamps, but she had no apartment or place to live. Myra Freidman organized a benefit at CBGB to raise money for Foxe. Steven Tyler, who also paid her hospital bills, donated a signed Aerosmith guitar to the benefit, which sold for $5000. David Bowie also donated an acoustic guitar. Tyler agreed to pay for a room for Foxe at the Gramercy Park Hotel where, on August 28, 2002, she married musician Keith Waa. Foxe died at age 50 from an inoperable brain tumor on September 7, 2002.", "It consists of a menswear line, inspired by Steven Tyler, and a women's collection inspired by 1970s bohemian styles. Steven Tyler and his daughter, Chelsea Tyler, are the faces of the Andrew Charles advertising campaign and have made appearances at select Macy's stores to promote the brand. Hilfiger has also developed a line of scarves with Steven Tyler for Andrew Charles called Rock Scarf. During the 1980s, Hilfiger played bass guitar in the band King Flux, which consisted of his brother Billy Hilfiger, Richie Stotts of the Plasmatics, and Marky Ramone. Other lineups for this band included Tony Petri from Twisted Sister and Albert Bouchard of Blue \u00d6yster Cult. Hilfiger currently plays bass for the X Brothers along with Joe Bouchard of Blue \u00d6yster Cult. The X Brothers have released two albums to date and are currently recording their third."], "answer": {"text": "Tyler wrote, \"It was a big crisis. It's a major thing when you're growing something with a woman,", "answer_start": 805}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is Julia Holcomb?", "answer": {"text": "16-year-old groupie Julia Holcomb", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her relationship to tyler?", "answer": {"text": "They dated", "answer_start": 177, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did they date?", "answer": {"text": "three years.", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did Tyler discuss their relationship?", "answer": {"text": "Holcomb was referred to as \"Diana Hall\" by the editor of the Aerosmith autobiography Walk This Way in an attempt to conceal her identity,", "answer_start": 229, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why were they concealing her identity?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what stands out about their relationship?", "answer": {"text": "and a planned pregnancy that resulted in an abortion", "answer_start": 549, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did they have an abortion?", "answer": {"text": "Tyler was worried that the fire's smoke and drugs might lead to birth defects.", "answer_start": 607, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4eb70ac453504815b1a0422105098435_0_q#8", "question": "did julia discuss it?", "rewrite": "Did Julia Holcomb discuss the abortion?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Bob Holcomb William Robert \"Bob\" Holcomb (March 1, 1922 \u2013 November 29, 2010) was an American politician and attorney. Holcomb was the longest serving mayor of San Bernardino, California, to date. He held office as San Bernardino's mayor from 1971 until 1985, and returned to office again from 1989 until 1993. Holcomb has been widely credited with preserving the independence of the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District and its local water supply. Holcomb was born on March 1, 1922 in San Bernardino, California to Grant Holcomb and Eleanor Burkham Holcomb. Holcomb was the great-grandson of prospector William F. Holcomb, who first discovered gold in 1860 while hunting for bears in the San Bernardino Mountains near Big Bear Lake. The region of William Holcomb's discovery in the San Bernardino Mts. is still known as Holcomb Valley. Bob Holcomb's father, Grant Holcomb, served as the Mayor of San Bernardino from 1925 until 1927. He graduated from San Bernardino High School in 1940 and enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley. However, Holcomb left UC-Berkeley before completing his bachelor's degree in order to enlist in the U.S. Army on October 13, 1942. Holcomb served in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II for three years as a B-17 pilot with the 412th Bomb Squadron, 95th Bomb Group. He flew military bombing missions from the United Kingdom to Nazi Germany during the war. Holcomb was honorably discharged from the U.S. Army on October 26, 1945. He married his wife, Pearl \"Penny\" Pennington, on July 7, 1946. The couple had four children - Jay, William, Robert and Terri Lee.", "Amber Holcomb Amber Nicole Holcomb (born March 17, 1994) is an American singer, who came in fourth place on the twelfth season of \"American Idol.\" Amber Nicole Holcomb was born on March 17, 1994, in Houston, Texas. Holcomb starting singing at the age of two in her church. She graduated from Dekaney High School in 2012. Holcomb previously auditioned for \"American Idol\" in the eleventh season, but was cut in the Las Vegas round, where she was grouped with Curtis Finch Jr., Shannon Magrane and Joshua Ledet. She performed \"My Funny Valentine\" in Vegas sudden death rounds which received standing ovation from the judges. Holcomb performed \"I Believe in You and Me\" at the semi-final voting round receiving standing ovation from all of the judges. In the semifinals of the twelfth season, Holcomb performed \"My Funny Valentine\" by Lorenz Hart and \"Just Give Me a Reason\" by Pink. She was then eliminated on May 2, 2013, coming in fourth place. She performed \"I Believe in You and Me\" as her goodbye song. Amber Holcomb took part in the American Idols LIVE! Tour 2013 from July 19 through August 31, 2013. On August 4, 2013, news surfaced that Holcomb and her boyfriend, Lamar Denson, are expecting their first child. On February 14, 2014, Holcomb gave birth to a baby girl. On April 7, 2016, Holcomb and Ruben Studdard sang \"Here, There and Everywhere\" on fifteenth season finale of \"American Idol.\" On February 14, 2014 Holcomb gave birth to a baby girl. Her boyfriend, Lamber D. Denson, is reportedly the father of the baby.", "John Noble Holcomb John Noble Holcomb ( June 11, 1946 \u2013 December 3, 1968) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration\u2014the Medal of Honor\u2014for his actions in the Vietnam War. Holcomb was born in Baker, Oregon, the son of George Noble Holcomb and Wadean M. Rohner, and a descendant of Thomas Holcomb. He joined the Army from Corvallis, Oregon in 1966, and by December 3, 1968, was serving as a Sergeant in Company D, 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment, 1st Cavalry Division. During an enemy attack on that day, near Qu\u1ea7n L\u1ee3i in the Republic of Vietnam during Operation Sheridan Sabre, Holcomb led his squad and later his platoon, after all other platoon leaders had been killed, in the defense of their position. Holcomb was mortally wounded during the battle and was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his leadership. Holcomb, aged 22 at his death, was buried in Eagle Valley Cemetery, Richland, Oregon. Sergeant Holcomb's official Medal of Honor citation reads: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty. Sgt. Holcomb distinguished himself while serving as a squad leader in Company D during a combat assault mission. Sgt. Holcomb's company assault had landed by helicopter and deployed into a hasty defensive position to organize for a reconnaissance-in-force mission when it was attacked from 3 sides by an estimated battalion-size enemy force. Sgt. Holcomb's squad was directly in the path of the main enemy attack. With complete disregard for the heavy fire, Sgt. Holcomb moved among his men giving encouragement and directing fire on the assaulting enemy. When his machine gunner was knocked out, Sgt.", "Corey Holcomb Corey Lamont Holcomb (born June 23, 1969) is an American comedian, radio host and actor. Born and raised in Chicago, Illinois, Holcomb got his start in comedy with the help of another Chicago-area comedian, Godfrey. He currently hosts his own internet show, \"The Corey Holcomb 5150 Show\", which currently airs Tuesday nights (7PM-PST/10PM-EST), live on YouTube. Corey Holcomb was raised in Chicago's notorious (now defunct) Robert Taylor Homes. Following a short college basketball career, Holcomb began a career as a standup comedian in Chicago. Holcomb, along with comedians Godfrey and DeRay Davis, emerged as the face of Chicago's comedy scene in the late 1990s. Often billing himself as the \"Ghetto Dr. Phil\", most of Holcomb's standup material revolves around relationships, particularly relationships gone wrong. In addition to touring the country, he has been a regular on the stand-up/improv-based television shows \"Comic View\", \"Def Comedy Jam\", \"Last Comic Standing\", and \"Nick Cannon Presents Wild 'n Out\". Early in his career, Holcomb appeared once on \"The Jerry Springer Show\" with fellow comedian DeRay Davis. He has appeared in three comedy specials of his own, \"Corey Holcomb: The Problem Is You\", \"Comedy Central Presents: Corey Holcomb\", and \"Corey Holcomb: Your Way Ain't Working\". He also appeared on the 2010 edition of Shaquille O'Neal's \"All-Star Comedy Jam\". As an actor, Holcomb has appeared as guest star on several sitcoms such as \"Half & Half\"", "In 1975, Tyler persuaded the parents of 16-year-old groupie Julia Holcomb (sometimes spelled Holcolm) to sign over guardianship to him so that he could live with her in Boston. They dated and took drugs together for three years. Holcomb was referred to as \"Diana Hall\" by the editor of the Aerosmith autobiography Walk This Way in an attempt to conceal her identity, but other sources have confirmed her identity. Pressures leading to their split included their age difference (Tyler was 27 when they first met), a withdrawn proposal, a house fire, and a planned pregnancy that resulted in an abortion when Tyler was worried that the fire's smoke and drugs might lead to birth defects. Band member Ray Tabano wrote in Walk This Way that the abortion \"really messed Steven up\" because the child was a boy. Tyler wrote, \"It was a big crisis. It's a major thing when you're growing something with a woman, but they convinced us that it would never work out and would ruin our lives. You go to the doctor and they put the needle in her belly and they squeeze the stuff in and you watch. And it comes out dead. I was pretty devastated. In my mind, I'm going, Jesus, what have I done?\" However, Julia Holcomb has said that Tyler was snorting cocaine while watching the abortion and offered some to her. Julia Holcomb revealed her regret for having the abortion, joined the Silent No More organization of women who have regretted their abortions, and converted to Catholicism."], "answer": {"text": "Julia Holcomb revealed her regret for having the abortion,", "answer_start": 1297}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Who is Julia Holcomb?", "answer": {"text": "16-year-old groupie Julia Holcomb", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her relationship to tyler?", "answer": {"text": "They dated", "answer_start": 177, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did they date?", "answer": {"text": "three years.", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did Tyler discuss their relationship?", "answer": {"text": "Holcomb was referred to as \"Diana Hall\" by the editor of the Aerosmith autobiography Walk This Way in an attempt to conceal her identity,", "answer_start": 229, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why were they concealing her identity?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what stands out about their relationship?", "answer": {"text": "and a planned pregnancy that resulted in an abortion", "answer_start": 549, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did they have an abortion?", "answer": {"text": "Tyler was worried that the fire's smoke and drugs might lead to birth defects.", "answer_start": 607, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did either of them discuss it publicly?", "answer": {"text": "Tyler wrote, \"It was a big crisis. It's a major thing when you're growing something with a woman,", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4eb70ac453504815b1a0422105098435_0_q#9", "question": "is there anything else she did during this time?", "rewrite": "Other than revealing her regret for having an abortion, is there anything Julia Holcomb did during the time she dated Steven Tyler?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["His connection with the band dates back many years, to when he first met Steven Tyler, who like Santo, was also from the Boston area. They quickly formed a friendship and that eventually led to Paul working a longtime gig as the personal sound engineer for both Steven Tyler and Joe Perry. He also held the title of \"house\" sound engineer at the Pandora's Box recording studio. As his relationships with the band members grew. So, did his involvement on a professional level. When the band went into the studio to record the albums: Just Push Play, Honkin' on Bobo, and Music from Another Dimension! for the Geffen Records label, he was brought in as a member of creative and production teams, working on various aspects of the process from sound engineer to session musician. His work also earned him a spot as a member of the \u201cBoneyard Boys\u201d. A \u201ctongue in cheek\u201d name for the small group of collaborators behind the band\u2019s creative process which is in reference to Joe Perry\u2019s \u201cstate of art\u201d home recording studio, aptly named the \u201cBoneyard,\u201d where the majority of the recording process took place. Other members of the group includes famed music producer Jack Douglas and Grammy Award winning producer, Mark Hudson. Most recently, in 2018, Santo was back in the studio with Steven Tyler. This time, working with the lead singer on his first collection of solo music. He was responsible for the entire musical score, recording all of the background music, and even performing on the accompanying movie documentary, \"Out on a Limb\". Which chronicles Tyler and the making of his new music. Santo's also a member of Joe Perry's solo band The Joe Perry Project playing rhythm guitar and keyboards. In 2009, he was back in the studio as audio engineer with Joe Perry working on Perry's 5th solo album \" Have Guitar", "In September 2011 Buell released \"Hard Love\", an aggressive rock album influenced by grunge and glam rock. It was produced by Wallerstein and Stephen DeAcutis. The 11-track record features original songs alongside covers of Gang of Four's \"I Love a Man in Uniform\" and \"Baby Baby\" by the English punk rock band the Vibrators. Buell has dated many musicians, beginning with Paul Cowsill of the Cowsills when she was 16. She has dated Mick Jagger, Iggy Pop, David Bowie, Elvis Costello, Todd Rundgren, Jimmy Page, and Steven Tyler, but she rejects the label \"groupie\". From 1972 to 1979, Bebe Buell had a longterm, on and off, relationship with Todd Rundgren. In 1976, Buell became unexpectedly pregnant from her brief relationship with Steven Tyler. On July 1, 1977, Buell gave birth to future actress/model Liv Tyler, but Buell initially named her child \"Liv Rundgren\" and claimed that Todd Rundgren was the biological father to protect the child from Tyler's drug addiction. Rundgren and Buell ended their romantic relationship shortly after Liv's birth. At age nine, Liv found out that she was Steven Tyler's biological daughter. In 1992, Buell married for the first time. She wed sometime-musician and actor Coyote Shivers. They divorced in 1999 after a year-long separation. In 2002, she married musician Jim Wallerstein (aka Jim Walters) of Das Damen. For his film \"Almost Famous\", music journalist and filmmaker Cameron Crowe developed the groupie character Penny Lane as a composite of a handful of girls he saw backstage in the late 1960s and early 1970s at concerts calling themselves the \"Flying Garter Girls\".", "Foxe and Tyler married and had a daughter, Mia, but the marriage was troubled by drug addiction, extramarital affairs, and physical and emotional abuse. Foxe and Tyler divorced shortly before Aerosmith made a comeback in the late 1980s. She raised Mia in Sunapee, New Hampshire and New York City. In 1997, Foxe's memoir, \"Dream On: Livin' on the Edge with Steven Tyler and Aerosmith\" , co-written with Danny Fields, was published. Not long after the book was released, Foxe announced that the paperback edition of \"Dream On\" would include nude photos of Steven Tyler, but Tyler won a lawsuit in 1999, preventing Foxe from publishing the photos. In 2000, she launched a web site in which she was selling nude pictures of Tyler, but by the end of the year, the site closed. In 2001, Foxe had a mild stroke. She received Medicaid and food stamps, but she had no apartment or place to live. Myra Freidman organized a benefit at CBGB to raise money for Foxe. Steven Tyler, who also paid her hospital bills, donated a signed Aerosmith guitar to the benefit, which sold for $5000. David Bowie also donated an acoustic guitar. Tyler agreed to pay for a room for Foxe at the Gramercy Park Hotel where, on August 28, 2002, she married musician Keith Waa. Foxe died at age 50 from an inoperable brain tumor on September 7, 2002.", "In 1975, Tyler persuaded the parents of 16-year-old groupie Julia Holcomb (sometimes spelled Holcolm) to sign over guardianship to him so that he could live with her in Boston. They dated and took drugs together for three years. Holcomb was referred to as \"Diana Hall\" by the editor of the Aerosmith autobiography Walk This Way in an attempt to conceal her identity, but other sources have confirmed her identity. Pressures leading to their split included their age difference (Tyler was 27 when they first met), a withdrawn proposal, a house fire, and a planned pregnancy that resulted in an abortion when Tyler was worried that the fire's smoke and drugs might lead to birth defects. Band member Ray Tabano wrote in Walk This Way that the abortion \"really messed Steven up\" because the child was a boy. Tyler wrote, \"It was a big crisis. It's a major thing when you're growing something with a woman, but they convinced us that it would never work out and would ruin our lives. You go to the doctor and they put the needle in her belly and they squeeze the stuff in and you watch. And it comes out dead. I was pretty devastated. In my mind, I'm going, Jesus, what have I done?\" However, Julia Holcomb has said that Tyler was snorting cocaine while watching the abortion and offered some to her. Julia Holcomb revealed her regret for having the abortion, joined the Silent No More organization of women who have regretted their abortions, and converted to Catholicism.", "Bob Holcomb William Robert \"Bob\" Holcomb (March 1, 1922 \u2013 November 29, 2010) was an American politician and attorney. Holcomb was the longest serving mayor of San Bernardino, California, to date. He held office as San Bernardino's mayor from 1971 until 1985, and returned to office again from 1989 until 1993. Holcomb has been widely credited with preserving the independence of the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District and its local water supply. Holcomb was born on March 1, 1922 in San Bernardino, California to Grant Holcomb and Eleanor Burkham Holcomb. Holcomb was the great-grandson of prospector William F. Holcomb, who first discovered gold in 1860 while hunting for bears in the San Bernardino Mountains near Big Bear Lake. The region of William Holcomb's discovery in the San Bernardino Mts. is still known as Holcomb Valley. Bob Holcomb's father, Grant Holcomb, served as the Mayor of San Bernardino from 1925 until 1927. He graduated from San Bernardino High School in 1940 and enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley. However, Holcomb left UC-Berkeley before completing his bachelor's degree in order to enlist in the U.S. Army on October 13, 1942. Holcomb served in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II for three years as a B-17 pilot with the 412th Bomb Squadron, 95th Bomb Group. He flew military bombing missions from the United Kingdom to Nazi Germany during the war. Holcomb was honorably discharged from the U.S. Army on October 26, 1945. He married his wife, Pearl \"Penny\" Pennington, on July 7, 1946. The couple had four children - Jay, William, Robert and Terri Lee."], "answer": {"text": "converted to Catholicism.", "answer_start": 1444}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is Julia Holcomb?", "answer": {"text": "16-year-old groupie Julia Holcomb", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her relationship to tyler?", "answer": {"text": "They dated", "answer_start": 177, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did they date?", "answer": {"text": "three years.", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did Tyler discuss their relationship?", "answer": {"text": "Holcomb was referred to as \"Diana Hall\" by the editor of the Aerosmith autobiography Walk This Way in an attempt to conceal her identity,", "answer_start": 229, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why were they concealing her identity?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what stands out about their relationship?", "answer": {"text": "and a planned pregnancy that resulted in an abortion", "answer_start": 549, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did they have an abortion?", "answer": {"text": "Tyler was worried that the fire's smoke and drugs might lead to birth defects.", "answer_start": 607, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did either of them discuss it publicly?", "answer": {"text": "Tyler wrote, \"It was a big crisis. It's a major thing when you're growing something with a woman,", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did julia discuss it?", "answer": {"text": "Julia Holcomb revealed her regret for having the abortion,", "answer_start": 1297, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e18030a35f9b492bb16d5735c0abc067_0_q#0", "question": "Why does Harris not have the Republican support?", "rewrite": "Why does Harris not have the Republican support?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Richard B. Carpenter, a carpetbagger judge from Charleston of questionable reputation, won the nomination for Governor although he had never sought the position. The state Republicans renominated Governor Scott unanimously for a second two-year term at their state convention in Columbia on July 26 and July 27. Policies adopted on their platform included the continuation of support for civil rights and to request Congress to sell public lands in the South to the landless. Republican support was mainly generated from the recently freed slaves who were coerced to continue their loyalty to the Republicans by the black militias and the Union League. The black militias drilled in the streets with bayonets fixed and threatened anyone who would dare cast a vote against the Republicans. Leaders of the Union League demagogued and urged black Republicans to violence against the white community. Additionally, former Governor Orr advocated for white voters to support the Republican ticket because only through the Republican party would reform be achieved and many of their policies were favorable to the white people. Even though most blacks faced grave threats if they opted to support the Union Reform ticket, many sincerely refused to even consider a candidate other than a Republican. One black told the white conservatives that \"before the war you wouldn't let me join your party and now I don't choose to. \" It was virtually impossible for the whites to convince the black voters to vote for their candidates because Republican leaders repeatedly pointed out that the whites only recognized black suffrage at the point of a bayonet. Not only did the Union Reform party have a difficult task at attracting black voters, it also faced a disillusioned white electorate. The more extreme base of white voters simply were not willing to vote for any political party that allowed for blacks to participate as equals to the whites. Wade Hampton returned from his affairs in Mississippi to rally support for the Union Reform cause, but he encountered lukewarm support at best.", "National Federation of Republican Assemblies The National Federation of Republican Assemblies (NFRA) is a political organization which promotes conservative principles and candidates within the Republican Party. Members at the local, state and national levels work to recruit and elect Republican candidates who reflect the Party\u2019s conservative philosophy, and to oppose \"RINOs\" (Republicans In Name Only), leaders and candidates who take positions to the left of the party's conservative mainstream. The first Republican Assembly was founded in 1934 in California. The Republican Assembly movement grew primarily in the western part of the United States until, in 1996, the several state Republican Assemblies formalized their relationship to one another through the creation of the NFRA, which was also tasked with the establishment of state chapters in those parts of the country to which the movement had not yet spread. Republican Assemblies have 3 main purposes: The Republican Assembly movement views itself as a reform movement within the Republican Party, and opposes the creation of one or more third parties, which it believes would split the conservative vote and result in the election of more Democrats. Ronald Reagan called the Republican Assemblies \"the conscience of the Republican Party,\" while others have called them \"the Tea Party before there was a Tea Party.\" A central aspect of the NFRA's mission is the endorsement of candidates in contested Republican primaries, something most Republican support groups and committees choose not to do. NFRA endorsing conventions are held at the local and state levels, and a Presidential Preference Convention is held at the national level. Candidates must win two-thirds of the votes cast at a convention to secure its endorsement. Endorsements are upwardly binding: a local or state chapter's endorsement automatically secures the endorsement of the higher levels of the organization. In 2012, the NFRA's Presidential Preference Convention endorsed Rick Santorum for President on the fifth ballot. In 2016, it endorsed Senator Ted Cruz.", "In June he stated that the temporary ban would apply to people originating from countries with a proven history of terrorism against the United States or its allies. He also commented that it \"wouldn't bother me\" if Muslims from Scotland entered the United States. Trump caused further controversy when he recounted an apocryphal story about how U.S. general John J. Pershing shot Muslim rebels with pig's blood-dipped bullets in order to deter them during the Moro Rebellion. His comments were strongly denounced by the Council on American-Islamic Relations. Trump had high poll numbers during the primaries. A survey conducted by \"The Economist\"/YouGov released July 9, 2015, was the first major nationwide poll to show Trump as the 2016 Republican presidential front-runner. A Suffolk/\"USA Today\" poll released on July 14, 2015, showed Trump with 17 percent support among Republican voters, with Jeb Bush at 14 percent. A \"Washington Post\"/ABC News poll taken on July 16\u201319, showed Trump had 24 percent Republican support, over Scott Walker at 13 percent. A CNN/ORC poll showed Trump in the lead at 18 percent support among Republican voters, over Jeb Bush at 15 percent, and a CBS News poll from August 4 showed Trump with 24 percent support, Bush second at 13 percent, and Walker third at 10 percent. A CNN/ORC poll taken August 13\u201316, 2015, in the swing states of Florida, Ohio and Pennsylvania showed Trump ahead of, or narrowly trailing Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in direct match-ups in those states. In Florida, Trump led by two points, and in both Ohio and Pennsylvania, he was within five points of Clinton. Trump had a persistently high popularity among Republican and leaning-Republican minority voters.", "Also in 2012, the \"New York Post\" asserted that the Party had \"helped the GOP maintain its majority in the state Senate, even as New York has turned an ever-deeper blue over the last half century\" and added that it had \"forced the state Republican Party to (sometimes) remember what it stood for \u2014 by threatening its power\". Rather than nominating its own candidates, the Conservative Party usually endorses the same candidates as the Republican Party and campaigns against the Democratic candidates. However, the party has withheld support from Republican candidates if it deems them too liberal. For example, the Conservative Party withheld its support from Republican Rudy Giuliani's fusion campaigns with endorsement from the Liberal Party for New York City mayor in 1989, 1993 and 1997. In the 2004 U.S. Senate election, the Conservative Party endorsed Marilyn O'Grady to oppose Republican candidate Howard Mills and incumbent Democratic Senator Charles Schumer. Also in 2004, the Party's decision to endorse Tom Dadey rather than incumbent Republican State Senator Nancy Larraine Hoffmann in State Senate District 49 helped bring about the victory of Democrat David Valesky in that race. After losing to Hoffmann in the Republican primary, Dadey--with the support of the Conservative Party and the Independence Party--remained in the race; Hoffman lost the general election by 742 votes. Following the passage of same-sex marriage legislation in 2011, the Conservative Party stated that it would withdraw support for any candidate who had voted for the bill; two Republican senators who voted for same-sex marriage--Roy McDonald and Stephen Saland--lost their seats in 2012. The party has also endorsed Democratic candidates, including controversial former Buffalo mayor and presidential candidate Jimmy Griffin, who was initially elected mayor solely on the Conservative ticket but had Republican support as well for his subsequent campaigns.", "As Cleveland's African American population continued to grow, \"The Gazette\" and other African American newspapers began focusing on \"shaping and especially reflecting the values of black communities. \" In a typical 1896 issue, the first two columns on the front page, which had contained information about remarkable black actions in 1883 issues, were \"devoted to a weekly women's apparel column. \" Attempting to better represent African Americans, Smith was also replacing the term \"Negro\" with \"Afro-American\" by 1896. After the turn of the century, \"The Gazette\" often changed its position about African American migration to the North. Before and after World War I, the newspaper contained material that criticized the \"behavior\" of the migrants. During World War I, African Americans migrated to Northern cities to fill vacant factory jobs, and \"The Gazette\" lessened its criticism of the needed migrants. It was around this time that incidents of racial discrimination, such as African Americans \"being denied service in hotels and eating establishments,\" became more prevalent. In response, \"The Gazette\" published more material about discriminatory acts in the early 1900s than it had in previous years. Smith's Republican support started to decline after the election of 1896; during the election, Smith, an advocate for Republican William McKinley, criticized \"George A. Myers, another black ally of McKinley.\" After this incident, Smith's chances of getting \"a job in the McKinley administration\" were ruined by Columbus leader Ralph Tyler, who responded to Smith's criticism of Myers in the \"Colored American. \" At this time, Smith was also struggling to finance \"The Gazette\". Along with the loss of Republican support and a lack of financial backings, \"The Gazette\"'s popularity declined when the \"Call and Post\" was created around World War I. Smith died in 1941, and publication of \"The Gazette\" ended in 1945."], "answer": {"text": "Harris touted political endorsements from fellow Republican lawmakers on her campaign web site. However, some of those cited claim that they never endorsed her.", "answer_start": 267}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e18030a35f9b492bb16d5735c0abc067_0_q#1", "question": "Who she did claim did support her, but didn't?", "rewrite": "Who did Harris claim did support her, but didn't?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Murder of Tammy Vincent Tammy A. Vincent was an American teenager who was murdered in September 1979. Her body was not identified until 2007, twenty-eight years after her death. It was previously believed she may have been a victim of the notorious Green River killings. However, Vincent's case has not been officially solved. \" NCIS\" cast member Pauley Perrette collaborated with the popular television show \"America's Most Wanted\" in 2009 to work on solving the case. Vincent grew up on a farm. She was seventeen years old when she ran away from home and likely engaged in prostitution as a way to survive. She was native to Seattle, Washington. Vincent reportedly contacted her sister in summer 1979, explaining her wish to return home. This was the last time she was heard from. It is believed that she was murdered due to the fact that she was going to testify against an organized crime leader in court. The night prior to Vincent's murder, a teen matching her description was seen accompanying a white man. The two were purchasing an ice pick as well as acetone, which were likely the same items used to murder her. The body was found on September 26, 1979 in Tiburon, California. Vincent was beaten, shot in the head, and stabbed 43 times; her remains were severely damaged after being set ablaze after acetone was poured on the body. Witnesses reported seeing a van speeding away from the scene. Upon the discovery of the remains on a beach, examiners could not identify the body, and could only determine her eye color, height, weight, gender, and dental characteristics. At the time of death, she wore a black shirt, beige pants decorated with blue and red, and high heels. In efforts to identify Vincent, the body was exhumed in 2002 and was transported to Richmond, Virginia for further examination.", "He began to voice a radical plea for Ecumenism, as indicated by his book, \"I Just Want to Be a Christian\". Shelly had started out as a boy preacher in the Churches of Christ, writing several books containing what some have called \"sound teaching\", yet eventually Shelly became disenchanted with what he has called a \"language of exclusion.\" \"Out of my own spiritual evolution, I've tried to adopt a much more Christ-like spirit and not be so sectarian and isolationist\", Shelly said. Now, he pursues a unifying vision \"more nearly the ideal of the early American Restoration Movement concept and experience than what [he] was born into.\" He critiques his former colleagues for trying to \"decide who's in and who's out based on some list. We're very anticreedal in churches of Christ and Christian churches, meaning we won\u2019t publish that list; we are more insidious in that we have unpublished lists of what lets you be \"in\" or \"out\" of our local churches. That's simply wrongheaded.\" Though these calls for unity do, in fact, echo Alexander Campbell and Barton W. Stone, in other ways Shelly has disengaged from the central tenet of the Restoration Movement: that the modern Church must restore the first century Church. In \"The Second Incarnation\", Shelly and Randy Harris claim that this move is anachronistic and leads to doctrinal error, because no church has ever achieved perfection, and in any case, one cannot and should not attempt to recreate the first century Church. Shelly has also co-edited and co-founded two important journals, \"Spiritual Sword\" in 1969 with Dr. Thomas B. Warren and \"Wineskins\" (more recently) with Mike Cope.", "In December 1922, however, he and other ' men were involved in Tirpitz's conspiratorial project against Weimar, which discussed the creation of a German dictatorship under Kahr. From 1921, Cossmann's magazine took notice of the emerging Conservative Revolutionary movement, accepting its critique of \"V\u00f6lkisch\" traditionalism, and bringing in the radical sociologist as a contributor. Ricarda Huch also contributed, in March 1923, with ' (\"War of Slogans\"), a national-anarchist satire of the League of Nations. Another noted presence was philosopher Oswald Spengler, whose writings for ' talked about recapturing the \"spirit of 1914\", theorized as a voluntarist reshaping of power relations. Spengler reassured Cossmann's readers that the Treaty of Versailles was a mere \"pause for breath\" in the otherwise unstoppable progress of Pan-Germanism. The journal railed above all against Versailles' War Guilt Clause, campaigning for the return of German colonies, and publishing in 1924 Heinrich Schnee's highly popular tract, \"\" (\"The Lie of the Colonial Guilt\"). It also explored in depth the crisis of German nobility, with essays by aristocrats such as and Ewald von Kleist-Schmenzin. In his contribution, the latter also sketched out a plan for German settlement in the East. ' also became notorious by advocating for the stab-in-the-back myth, according to which Germany had not been truly defeated in 1918, but betrayed from within. The accusation, backed by the Spenglerian philosophical stance (defeat was a failure of national will), was notably taken up by Cossmann\u2014with a focus on the wartime Social Democrats.", "Caracol Caracol is the name given to a large ancient Maya archaeological site, located in what is now the Cayo District of Belize. It is situated approximately 40 kilometres south of Xunantunich and the town of San Ignacio Cayo, and 15 kilometers away from the Macal River. It rests on the Vaca Plateau at an elevation of 500 meters above sea-level, in the foothills of the Maya Mountains. Long thought to be a tertiary center, it is now known that the site was one of the most important regional political centers of the Maya Lowlands during the Classic Period. Caracol covered approximately 200 square kilometers, covering an area much larger than present-day Belize City (the largest metropolitan area in the country) and supported more than twice the modern city's population. \"Caracol\" is a modern name from \"snail, shell\", but more generally meaning spiral- or volute-shaped\u2014 apparently on account of the winding access road that led to the site. Local tour guides say that the nickname \"Caracol\" originates from the large population of snails present on the site. Researchers would say to go to \"that one place with all the snails\", and this eventually developed into just referring to it as \"Caracol\". When visiting the site you will see that snails are quite literally everywhere. Its ancient name has been reconstructed from the Emblem Glyph popular among its early rulers - Ux Witz Ajaw, or \u201cThree Hills Lord\u201d. The full name of Caracol would be \"Three-Hills Water,\" read Oxwitza', Uxwitza\u2019 or, Hispanicised, \"Oxhuitza\". This place name may also reference the Three Stone Place of creation. The site was first reported by a native logger named Rosa Mai, who came across its remains in 1937 while searching for mahogany hardwood trees to exploit.", "Ub'aah K'awiil was confident enough in his power to rank his city among the four most powerful states in the Maya region, together with Tikal, Calakmul and Palenque, as recorded on Stela A. In contrast to his predecessor, Uaxaclajuun Ub'aah K'awiil concentrated his monuments in the site core of the Cop\u00e1n; his first was Stela J, dated to AD 702 and erected at the eastern entrance to the city. He continued to erect a further seven high-quality stelae until AD 736, monuments that are considered masterpieces of Classic Maya sculpture with such mastery of detail that they represent the highest pinnacle of Maya artistic achievement. The stelae depict king Uaxaclajuun Ub'aah K'awiil ritually posed and bearing the attributes of a variety of deities, including B'olon K'awiil, K'uy Nik Ajaw and Mo' Witz Ajaw. The king also carried out major construction works, including a new version of Temple 26 that now bore the first version of the Hieroglyphic Stairway, plus two temples that have now been lost to the erosion of the Cop\u00e1n River. He also encased the Rosalila phase of Temple 16 within a new phase of construction. He remodelled the ballcourt, then demolished it and built a new one in its place. Uaxaclajuun Ub'aah K'awiil had only recently dedicated the new ballcourt in AD 738 when a completely unexpected disaster befell the city. Twelve years earlier he had installed K'ak' Tiliw Chan Yopaat on the throne of Quirigu\u00e1 as his vassal."], "answer": {"text": "several Republican congressmen calling the Harris campaign to complain", "answer_start": 454}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why does Harris not have the Republican support?", "answer": {"text": "Harris touted political endorsements from fellow Republican lawmakers on her campaign web site. However, some of those cited claim that they never endorsed her.", "answer_start": 267, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e18030a35f9b492bb16d5735c0abc067_0_q#2", "question": "Did she issue a statement?", "rewrite": "Did Harris issue a statement?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Blue (Double album) Blue is the first full-length album from Swiss band Double. In addition to containing updated versions of two of the band's earlier singles (\"Woman of the World\" and \"Rangoon Moon\"), the album included the international smash hit, \"The Captain of Her Heart\", a plaintive, atmospheric, piano-led ballad which was an immediate success throughout Europe upon its 1986 single release. Follow-up singles \"Your Prayer Takes Me Off\" and \"Tomorrow\" were less successful. All songs written by Kurt Maloo and Felix Haug. Double: Other:", "In 1979, Kurt Maloo released his first 7\" single, \"Giant Lady/Kontiki\" on the new wave label, Forum Records. A year later, he teamed up with publisher Peter Zumsteg and released a hybrid format vinyl record with the title \"Luna, Luna + 7 Notorious Maloo Homeworks\". On the A-side was one song spinning at 45 rpm and on the B-side, seven more at 33 rpm. The A-side song was a studio recording, while the B-side was recorded at home on his Revox B-77, using the ping-pong technique to simulate multitrack recording. He continued to play solo concerts until he met Felix Haug, later the other half of Double. Haug used to play drums with the Swiss techno band Yello. He joined Maloo and, with the addition of a bass player, they formed the trio, Ping Pong. With the help of publisher Peter Zumsteg, they got the chance to record four songs at the Roxy Music studio with guitarist Phil Manzanera as producer, but the tracks never got released. When they signed with Teldec's label Big Mouth, they re-recorded the tracks together with new material for their album \"From Exile\" (1982). The band played in numerous European festivals, including the renowned Montreux Jazz Festival. In 1983, Kurt Maloo and Felix Haug decided to make a go of it as a duo. As Double, they released three 12\" maxi singles\u2014\"Naningo\" (1983), \"Rangoon Moon\" and \"Woman of the World\" ( 1984)\u2014before they had a chance to record their first album. The black-and-white music video for \"Rangoon Moon\" became a cult clip in Europe and received airplay on VH1 in the United States.", "Double (band) Double was a Swiss music duo best known for their hit single \"The Captain of Her Heart\". The duo was formed in 1983 in Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland, by Felix Haug (drums and keyboards) and Kurt Maloo (guitar and vocals) out of the trio Ping Pong of which both Maloo and Haug were members. Ping Pong formed in 1981, and had some early success with a single entitled \"Rhythm Walk\", and also recorded some never-released tracks (due to legal issues) with Phil Manzanera of Roxy Music. Ping Pong had some success with singles and several appearances around Europe in music festivals. Prior to releasing their debut album, the duo issued a few singles, of which \"Naningo\", \"Rangoon Moon\", and \"Woman of the World\" were the most popular. The duo were initially into experimental rock with \"Naningo\", unlike their later albums. The high point of the duo's career came shortly after the late 1985 release of their first full length album, \"Blue\". The album contained two of the band's earlier singles as well as the international smash hit, \" The Captain of Her Heart\"; a plaintive, atmospheric, piano-led ballad which was an immediate success throughout Europe upon its 1986 single release. It reached No. 8 in the UK Singles Chart, and eventually hit the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at the end of the year, climbing to No. 16. Their next album, \"Dou3le\", followed in 1987, but, despite including the acclaimed single \"Devils Ball\", it failed to emulate the success of its predecessor. The pair began work on a third album, but split by early 1989 due to musical differences, though they remained friends.", "1936 Globe Refiners - Universal Pictures 47-35 1937 Denver Safeway Stores - Phillips 66ers 43-38 1938 Healey Motors - Denver Safeway Stores 40-38 1939 Denver Nuggets - Phillips 66ers 25-22 1940 Phillips 66ers - Denver Nuggets 39-36 1941 20th Century Fox - San Francisco Olympic Club 47-34 1942 Denver American Legion - Phillips 66ers 45-32 1943 Phillips 66ers - Denver American Legion 57-40 1944 Phillips 66ers - Denver Ambrose-Legion 50-43 1945 Phillips 66ers - Denver Ambrose Jellymakers 47-46 1946 Phillips 66ers - San Diego Dons 45-34 1947 Phillips 66ers - Oakland Bittners 62-41 1948 Phillips 66ers - Denver Nuggets 62-48 1949 Oakland Bittners - Phillips 66ers 55-51 1950 Phillips 66ers - Oakland Blue 'n Gold Atlas 65-42 1951 Stewart Chevrolet - Poudre Valley Creamery 76-55 1952 Peoria Caterpillars - Phillips 66ers 66-53 1953 Peoria Caterpillars - Los Alamitos NAS 73 -62 1954 Peoria Caterpillars - Grihalva Motors 63-55 1955 Phillips 66ers - Luckett-Nix Clippers 66-64 1956 Buchan Bakers - Phillips 66ers 59-57 1957 U.S. Air Force All-Stars - San Francisco Olympic Club 87-74 1958 Peoria Caterpillars - Denver-Chicago Trucking 74 -71(4 OT) 1959 Wichita Vickers - Phillips 66ers 105-83 1960 Peoria Caterpillars - Akron Wingfoots 87-73 1961 Cleveland Pipers - Denver-Chicago Trucking 107-96 1962 Phillips 66ers - Denver-Chicago Trucking 70-59 1963 Phillips 66ers - Denver-Chicago Trucking 100-70 1964 Akron Goodyear Wingfoots - Phillips 66ers 86-78", "\"Sify\" said, \"It is technically brilliant with world class making and a subject which is truly international on global terrorism.\" and called it a \"must watch for those who seek classy, stylish and extra-strong entertainment.\" NDTV stated, \"\"Vishwaroopam\" is likely to be appreciated by lovers of Hollywood action films.\" and pointed out, \"The film's only minus point \u2013 the placement of songs works as speed breakers for a spy thriller.\" B.V.S. Prakash of Deccan Chronicle gave 3 stars and stated that the film \"rides on performances.\" \"Firstpost\" stated that \"\"Vishwaroopam\" is non-stop action Hollywood style\". Praveen Kumar of \"OneIndia\" noted that the \"film is on par with Hollywood standards\" and gave 3.5/5. Anuja Jaiman of \"Reuters\" said, \"\"Vishwaroopam\" is a work of art that surpasses Bollywood potboilers and tries to initiate a conversation about a not-so-perfect world and its great religious divide. Watch it for Haasan and your right to freedom of expression.\" J Hurtado of \"Twitch Film\" said, \"\"Vishwaroopam\" is a film that will, inevitably, be remembered as much for its bumpy road to the screen as it will be for its objective quality.\" and called it \"good fun\". Shubhra Gupta of \"The Indian Express\" rated the film 3 stars, saying: \"This is a fill it-shut it-forget it film, whose big budget slickness never overpowers it, and which holds you while it lasts. \""], "answer": {"text": "A short time later, their names were removed without comment from Harris's Web site.", "answer_start": 619}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why does Harris not have the Republican support?", "answer": {"text": "Harris touted political endorsements from fellow Republican lawmakers on her campaign web site. However, some of those cited claim that they never endorsed her.", "answer_start": 267, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who she did claim did support her, but didn't?", "answer": {"text": "several Republican congressmen calling the Harris campaign to complain", "answer_start": 454, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e18030a35f9b492bb16d5735c0abc067_0_q#4", "question": "Did she run for office anyway?", "rewrite": "Did Harris run for office anyway?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Twin Beds (1914 play) Twin Beds is a 1914 comedic play by Salisbury Field and Margaret Mayo, based on Field's 1913 novel of the same name, which played on Broadway and was also the basis for multiple film adaptations. The play debuted on August 14, 1914, at the Fulton Theatre, and ran on Broadway for 411 performances. The play was not immediately a success upon release despite getting positive reviews, perhaps due to the start of World War I. Producer William Harris Jr. then engaged in a wild marketing scheme where trucks with big ads for the show, pulled by horses, would \"break down\" at busy intersections. Soon the show was playing to packed houses. Prior to opening, there was a brief controversy over alleged similarities between the play and the play \"Apartment 12 K\" which had been rushed to opening to beat it. Though the plays have a similar opening gambit, they were not the same, and \"Apartment 12 K\" only had a short unsuccessful run. Four warmup performances of \"Twin Beds\" the week before opening on Broadway were done at the Savoy Theatre in Asbury Park, New Jersey. By June 1915, the play shifted from the Fulton Theatre to the Harris Theatre, where it completed its 411-performance run. Irene Haisman replaced Madge Kennedy and Reginald Denny replaced John Westley for the Harris run. Multiple companies embarked on road tours around August 1915. The \"Oxford Companion to American Theatre\" describes the play as \"one of the era's most popular comedies.\"", "Overall, some 500 buildings had to be demolished to make way for the station. Even as excavation proceeded, the federal government was still deciding whether to build a post office next to the PRR station. The PRR planned to turn over the air rights to the blocks between Eighth and Ninth Avenues to the federal government once excavations were completed. However, the PRR would still own the land below the post office, and so some Congress members opposed the post office plan, as they believed that the government would only own \"a chunk of space in the air\" above the tracks. The Postmaster of New York City, William Russell Willcox, ultimately approved the post office anyway. McKim, Mead & White, which had designed Penn Station, was selected to design the post office in 1908. By this time, the excavations were near completion and the structural steel for the post office building were being laid. In June 1906, the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad applied for and received a franchise to operate trains from the northeastern suburbs of New York City to New York Penn Station. The New Haven would be able to accomplish this by constructing a spur from the four-track New Haven Railroad and New York Central Railroad main line in the Bronx (these railroads are now respectively the modern-day New Haven Line and Harlem Line of the Metro-North Railroad). The spur, now the Port Morris Branch, would split north of Melrose station in the South Bronx, then merge with the Harlem River and Port Chester Railroad (HR&PC; now part of the Northeast Corridor) just north of the Harlem River. The HR&PC would pass from the Bronx to Queens via the Hell Gate Bridge, then continue south through Queens, eventually connecting to the East River Tunnels and Penn Station. The North River and East River Tunnels ran almost in a straight line between Queens and New Jersey, interrupted only by the proposed Pennsylvania Railroad station.", "Current injection technique The current injection technique is a technique developed to reduce the turn-OFF switching transient of power bipolar semiconductor devices. It was developed and published by Dr S. Eio of Staffordshire University (United Kingdom) in 2007. The Turn-OFF switching transient of silicon-based power bipolar semiconductor devices, caused by stored charge in the device during the forward conduction state, limits switching speed of the device, which in turn limits the efficiency of the application it is used within. Different techniques, such as carrier lifetime control, injection efficiency and buffer layer devices, have been used to minimize turn-OFF switching transient, but all result in a trade-off between the ON-state loss and switching speed. The current injection technique examined in Dr Eio's publications optimize the switching transient of power diodes, thyristors and insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) without the need of changing the structure of these devices. To implement the current injection technique, current injection circuit was developed with results indicating that the injection of an additional current during its switching transient can reduce the reverse recovery charge of a given power diode and thyristor, and also reduce the tail current of insulated gate bipolar transistors. Practical experimental results on diodes and thyristors showed that the amplitude of the injected current required is proportional to the peak reverse recovery current and proved that these devices experience a momentary increase in recombination of current carriers during the injection of the additional current. This help to prevent the device from conducting large negative current, which in turn reduce its reverse recovery charge and reverse recovery time. Results obtained from experiments with insulated gate bipolar transistors showed a significant reduction in the time where current falls to zero when opposing current was injected into the device during its turn-off transient.", "Vanderbilt had the first possession of the game which was intercepted four plays into the drive by Alabama\u2019s Ronnie Harrison. Although Alabama would not capitalize on this turnover, on their next four possessions afterwards they would find the endzone for four rushing touchdowns. The first came off a run by Bo Scarbrough from 6 yards out, the second a 61-yard Damien Harris run, the third (off a fumble recovery forced by Anfernee Jennings) a methodical rushing drive culminating in a 2-yard Damien Harris touchdown, and the fourth another rushing drive which ended with a 2-yard rushing touchdown for Bo Scarbrough. (ALA 28 VANDY 0). Alabama would tack on one more field goal in the second quarter and Vanderbilt would be held to very minimal offensive production (ALA 31 VANDY 0). Alabama opened the second half with a drive consisting largely of the run ending in a 2-yard rushing touchdown for Damien Harris. This drive was the last for starting QB Jalen Hurts who was 9/17 for 78 yards through the air and 48 yards on the ground. After a Vanderbilt 3 and out, Alabama backup QB Tua Tagovailoa would play for the remainder of the game, accounting for two passing touchdowns, one to Jerry Jeudy from 34 yards out and one to DeVonta Smith from 27 yards out. Alabama would tack on one more touchdown with the help of a long passing play to set up a 17-yard run from Brian Robinson Jr. (ALA 59 VANDY 0). The shift between Hurts and Tagovailoa was marked by a dramatic shift in playcalling and offensive scheme which was representative of the strengths of each quarterback. Drives orchestrated by Hurts tended to use an offensive scheme developed by former OC Lane Kiffin: a hybrid between an option offense for running schemes and a west-coast offense characterized by running veers and horizontal passing attacks.", "During his time on the State Board of Higher Education, he helped craft the \"Tri-college\" system currently used by NDSU, MSUM and Concordia College, Moorhead colleges. This program allows students attending one of the schools to take classes not offered there at one of the other universities. Sinner was elected to serve as the Governor of North Dakota in 1984 and re-elected to a second term in 1988. The starting date of Sinner's first term was disputed with defeated and outgoing Gov. Allen I. Olson. Sinner held that the term started January 1 and Olson held that the term began on January 6, four years after his own term began. At that time, the specific date was not clearly set forth in either state law or the state constitution. The North Dakota Supreme Court settled the issue in favor of Sinner on January 5, 1985, one day before Olson would have vacated office anyway. Olson failed to comply with the decision and did not vacate the governor's office until the following day but Sinner's term was retroactively recognized to have begun on January 1. During Sinner's governorship, North Dakota suffered through the 1980s Midwestern farm crisis and in 1989 celebrated the state's centennial. The North Dakota National Guard was also called to serve in the Gulf War in 1991 as part of Operation Desert Storm. He did not seek a third term as governor as he was suffering from chest pain at a conference and had a heart bypass surgery at Rapid City, South Dakota in July 1991, and was eventually succeeded by Republican Ed Schafer. During Sinner's term as governor, Senator Quentin N. Burdick died. He temporarily appointed Burdick's widow, Jocelyn Birch Burdick, to the seat and encouraged outgoing Senator Kent Conrad to run for the remainder of Burdick's term."], "answer": {"text": "Of Harris's three primary opponents, only Will McBride endorsed her candidacy for the general election.", "answer_start": 704}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why does Harris not have the Republican support?", "answer": {"text": "Harris touted political endorsements from fellow Republican lawmakers on her campaign web site. However, some of those cited claim that they never endorsed her.", "answer_start": 267, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who she did claim did support her, but didn't?", "answer": {"text": "several Republican congressmen calling the Harris campaign to complain", "answer_start": 454, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she issue a statement?", "answer": {"text": "A short time later, their names were removed without comment from Harris's Web site.", "answer_start": 619, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has she done anything illegal?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3afea7a4f02443b0bef9899717f27f62_1_q#0", "question": "What were some of the early writings of Augusta?", "rewrite": "What were some of the early writings of Augusta?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Another problem is that early accounts of monastic life are greatly exaggerated leading some scholars to calculate that if these reports were taken at face value the monasteries were larger than the entire populations of the countries where they were founded. The only thing that is absolutely certain from these early writings is that some early religious figures did flee to the seclusion of the desert while others had a legitimate calling. Whether fleeing persecution or fleeing civilization, the monks who retreated to the Scetis valley in Egypt eventually began to draw followers. The inherent problem with attracting followers is that it defeated the original goal of seeking solitude. Early communities began forming, with the monks building small one- or two-room cells or occupying caves. Eventually, these small communities would draw more people, leading to the need for simple communal infrastructure. The monks would work together to build a church then retreat to the solitude of their cells or caves to embrace the (at least partial) hermetic and ascetic lifestyle. After building a communal church they could gather for the weekly liturgy or Eucharist. The Scetis Valley in Egypt, now known as the Wadi al-Natrun, is 22 miles long and lies west of the Nile River in the Libyan Desert. The name Scetis comes from the Coptic word Shi-het, meaning \u201cto weigh the heart\u201d. The valley lies slightly below sea level and is dotted with oases and marshes. Despite the low elevation and water resources, the Scetis Valley was a dangerous place; early writings are replete with travelers who went astray and died trying to cross it. The monasteries of the Scetis Valley were not like the large centralized communities that would come to define monasteries in the Middle Ages. Instead, the Scetis monasteries were a collection of hermits who for the most part lived separately, each in his own cell, but who would come together for weekly prayers and holy days.", "Hellmuth Kleinsorge Hellmuth Kleinsorge ( * 12. April 1920 in Beuel; \u2020 7. July 2001), was a German medical doctor. Hellmuth Kleinsorge studied medicine in Jena. In 1953, after his dissertation and habilitation, he became director of the \"Medizinische Poliklinik in Jena\". In 1958 - 1960 he was also head of the medical faculty of Jena University (then in the German Democratic Republic). He was the first to show the blood sugar decreasing effect of sulfonamides (particularly carbutamide) and he could also show the anti-arrhytmic effects of ajmaline. As he did not give his acceptance to the Berlin Wall he had to leave is position in Jena in 1962 and became director of a local hospital in Schwerin. He fled the GDR in 1968 and became head of research at Knoll AG (which later became part of the BASF). He also held a professorhip at the \"Klinikum Mannheim der Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg\". From 1981 - 1987 he was CEO of the Medizinisch-Pharazeutische-Studiengesellschaft and scientific advisor of the Paul Martini Stiftung. From 1987 - 1992 he was editor of the \"Neuen \u00c4rztliche\", a daily paper for medics from the publishing house of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. Until his death Hellmuth Kleinsorge was consultant to the pharma industry, as well as to scientific publishing houses and public institutions. Amongst his awards were the Ernst-von-Bergmann-Plakette of the German Medical Association as well as the Bundesverdienstkreuz am Bande (Federal Cross of Merit).", "Juvenilia Press Juvenilia Press is an international non-profit research and pedagogic press based in the School of Arts and Media at the University of New South Wales. The press undertakes to provide undergraduate and post-graduate students with hands-on experience of textual transmission under the guidance of an academic supervisor. The scholarly volumes published by the press are works from the genre of literary juvenilia\u2014the early works of known writers\u2014and are printed in a format that includes a preface, introduction, note on the text, end notes, textual and contextual appendices, and illustrations. Juvenilia Press was founded in 1994 by Professor Emerita Juliet McMaster, a distinguished 19th Century literary scholar, at the University of Alberta. Starting as a classroom enterprise, Juliet McMaster and her students produced a saddle-stitched pamphlet edition of Jane Austen's \"Jack and Alice\", a story Austen wrote at about age thirteen. From this simple start an offer to edit a previously unpublished early writing of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu transformed the classroom exercise into a working press. In 2001, the Juvenilia Press moved to UNSW where it has remained under the general-editorship of Scientia Professor Christine Alexander who was on the Juvenilia Press Board from its inception. Christine Alexander is an eminent nineteenth-century scholar, with expertise in Romanticism and Victorian literature, textual transmission and critical editing, juvenilia, the Bront\u00eb family and Jane Austen. Christine Alexander's discovery and critical editing of over 100 unpublished manuscripts and a similar number of visual art works pioneered research in two major areas of Bront\u00eb studies. Her groundbreaking study of \"The Early Writings of Charlotte Bront\u00eb\" (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1984) won the prestigious British Academy Rose Mary Crawshay Prize; her major 3-volume scholarly \"Edition of the Early Writings of Charlotte Bront\u00eb\"", "He died on 5 July 1965, by his own hand and deliberate decision. \u00d1\u0101\u1e47av\u012bra Thera wrote extensively and carefully on the question of suicide, which arose in him because of the severity of the amoebiasis and satyriasis. \u00d1\u0101\u1e47av\u012bra Thera's writings fall into two periods: from 1950 until 1960 (the \"Early Writings\"), and from 1960 until 1965 (included in \"Clearing the Path\"). The early texts show a man who, in his own thinking and discussion with others, earnestly searches a way to approach the essence of the Buddha's Teaching by repeated trial-and-error. This search has finally yielded its fruit when, after suffering from amoebiasis, \u00d1\u0101\u1e47av\u012bra Thera claimed to have attained \"sot\u0101patti\", or stream-entry, an event he recorded in Pali in his private journal on 27 June 1959 - The one who has \"entered the stream\" has \"ipso facto\" abandoned personality-view (\"sakk\u0101ya-ditthi\"), which is the self-view implicit in the experience of an ordinary worldling not free from ignorance, and understood the essential meaning of the Buddha's teaching on the Four Noble Truths. \u00d1\u0101\u1e47av\u012bra Thera's writings after 1960 express this very kind of certainty: no more wandering in the dark, no more doubt or speculative guessing. One of the foremost purveyors of Buddhism to the West after WW2, Thera had personal correspondence with Julius Evola and translated some of his work on Buddhism. The main portion of the \"Early Writings\" consists of letters written to late \u00d1\u0101namoli Thera, where the two English monks explored many modes of Western thought (including quantum mechanics). This correspondence lasted until 1960, the year of \u00d1\u0101namoli Thera's death.", "While reading his morning paper, Father Wilhem Kleinsorge witnesses a \"terrible flash ... [like] a large meteor colliding with the earth\". He found himself in the vegetable garden of the missionary with only small cuts. Standing alone in a corridor, Dr. Terufumi Sasaki saw a \"gigantic photographic flash\". The explosion ripped the hospital apart but Dr. Sasaki remained untouched except his glasses and shoes had been blown off his body. Dr. Sasaki was now the only doctor to be unhurt in the hospital and the hospital was quickly filled with patients. Reverend Kiyoshi Tanimoto saw a \"tremendous flash of light cut across the sky\". Tanimoto threw himself against a wall of his home and felt pressure, splinters, and debris falls on him. Chapter 2 documents the time immediately after the explosion where the fires are spreading and the witnesses are trying to save others and find safety for themselves. Immediately after the explosion, Reverend Tanimoto ran in search of his family and parishioners. He puts aside the search for his family when he comes across people in need of help and then resumes the search for his family. Mrs. Nakamura travels with her children and neighbor to Asano Park at the Jesuit mission house. Mrs. Nakamura and her children are continuously vomiting. Father Kleinsorge is found wandering the mission grounds with numerous pieces of glass in his back. Father Kleinsorge ran into his room and grabbed a first aid kit and his suitcase containing money and paperwork of the mission. Father Kleinsorge and others go out and bring food back for everyone at Asano Park. Dr. Fujii's hospital was in the nearby river while he was trapped between its beams, unable to move. Dr. Fujii looks at the city and calls it \"an endless parade of misery\"."], "answer": {"text": "Lady Gregory had an affair with the English poet Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, during which she wrote a series of love poems, A Woman's Sonnets.", "answer_start": 81}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_3afea7a4f02443b0bef9899717f27f62_1_q#1", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Aside from A Woman's Sonnets, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In Europe, the first crown of sonnets of crowns of sonnets was published in the Netherlands in 2016: \"Een kruisweg van alledaags leed\" (), edited by Bas Jongenelen and Martijn Neggers. 14 crowns made 14 Mastersonnets. These Mastersonnets are a crown on their own, generating another Mastersonnet, which is called the Grandmastersonnet. \"A Wreath of Sonnets\" () is a crown of sonnets by the Slovene Romantic poet France Pre\u0161eren. It was written in 1833 and was enriched with acrostic in the master sonnet. Pre\u0161eren's crown of sonnets was translated into Russian in 1889, which had great influence on many poets, including Valery Bryusov. Jaroslav Seifert wrote his sentimental \"V\u011bnec sonet\u016f\" (A Wreath of Sonnets) in this form about Prague, with an authorized translation by Jan K\u0159esadlo, who also composed his own emigre riposte in the same format, as well as writing several other sonnet cycles. The Bulgarian poet Venko Markovski wrote and published more than 100 crowns of sonnets, which also contained acrostics dedicated to various historical figures. In 2007, the Russian poet Natalia Shamberova published \"The Mists of August\", a wreath of wreaths: 211 interlacing sonnets composed of 14 wreaths of sonnets to form the wreath of magistrals, and a final sonnet called the magistrals' magistral. The children's book \"A Wreath for Emmett Till\" by Marilyn Nelson also follows the form of a heroic crown of sonnets. Another well-known and frequent author of contemporary crowns of sonnets is Marilyn Hacker. \"", "Shakespeare on the other hand shared a reciprocal love with both his lovers; the objects of his love were \u201carticulate, active partners.\u201d Shakespeare's sonnets are divided between his two lovers: sonnets 1\u2013126 for a male, and sonnets 127\u2013152 for a female; the first to a fair youth, and the second to a dark lady. Petrarch's sonnets in opposition are focused solely on one lover, Laura. Shakespeare copies the female love in Petrarch's poetry with the beloved youth who is created, cherished, adored, and eternized. After the fair youth, the dark lady brings a completely opposite literary figure into play. The dark lady is both of a different gender and she displays aspects contrary to Laura. One point that Shakespeare made while writing about the dark lady is a satirical comment on Petrarch's love: The dark lady is not shown as beautiful or idolized as Petrarch portrayed his love, Laura. This idolization analyzed from a stand point of courtly love draws an interesting segue to the death of Laura in Petrarch's sonnets, which leads to \u201cthe sublimation and transformation of desire\u201d. His adoration changes from an earthly love, Laura, to a love of the Virgin Mary. Petrarch's obsessive feelings toward Laura fit remarkably well under the title courtly love. This love is a way to explain his erotic desire and spiritual aspiration. Shakespeare, similarly to Petrarch, shows an eroticized love to the fair youth, a love that also fits nicely under pretense of courtly love. Then like with the death of Laura, this switch to a more divine love can be seen in Shakespeare's last two sonnets which are dedicated to Cupid, the Roman god of love.", "Shakespeare's sonnets Shakespeare's sonnets are poems that William Shakespeare wrote on a variety of themes. When discussing or referring to Shakespeare's sonnets, it is almost always a reference to the 154 sonnets that were first published all together in a quarto in 1609; however, there are six additional sonnets that Shakespeare wrote and included in the plays \"Romeo and Juliet\", \"Henry V\" and \"Love's Labour's Lost\". There is a partial sonnet found in the play \"Edward III\". Shakespeare \u2019s sonnets are considered a continuation of the sonnet tradition that swept through the Renaissance, from Petrarch in 14th-century Italy and was finally introduced in 16th-century England by Thomas Wyatt and was given its rhyming meter and division into quatrains by Henry Howard. With few exceptions, Shakespeare\u2019s sonnets observe the stylistic form of the English sonnet\u2014the rhyme scheme, the 14 lines, and the meter. But Shakespeare\u2019s sonnets introduce such significant departures of content that they seem to be rebelling against well-worn 200-year-old traditions. Instead of expressing worshipful love for an almost goddess-like yet unobtainable female love-object, as Petrarch, Dante, and Philip Sidney had done, Shakespeare introduces a young man. He also introduces the Dark Lady, who is no goddess. Shakespeare explores themes such as lust, homoeroticism, misogyny, infidelity, and acrimony in ways that may challenge, but which also open new terrain for the sonnet form. The primary source of Shakespeare\u2019s sonnets is a quarto published in 1609 titled \"Shake-speare\u2019s Sonnets. \" It contains 154 sonnets, which are followed by the long poem \"A Lover's Complaint\".", "Vendler identifies this as only mildly triumphant because it is obvious that the mistress was aware of the speaker's name beforehand. With regards to gender, William Nelles quotes Edward Malone, stating that \"...[the \"Dark Lady Sonnets\"] could relate to either a male or a female\" as the narrator's love interest. However, Nelles also quotes G. Blackmore Evans in an opposing view on this, stating that \"all of Sonnets 1-126 are addressed to the same young man, and all Sonnets 127-52 to the same woman\". These views that Nelles compiles in his essay show an ambiguity in the gender of the \"Dark Lady Sonnets'\" love interest. Nelles, however, comes to a different conclusion, believing instead that there is no one side or the other. Rather, Nelles argues that \"both sides are correct, but in different ways\". He finds that only about one-fifth of the sonnets specify the lover's gender, and that the ambiguity of the gender is possibly an important commentary on the view of the speaker on his lover, be it man or woman, and how this lover is described and referred to through these sonnets. Whereas most scholars believe that Sonnet 136 is about a woman - hence it being part of the \"Dark Lady Sonnets\" - Nelles offers an interesting insight of the typical dichotomy of the lovers' genders and the lack of \"real evidence\" backing up the claims for one side or another. Wagner, the author of \"Voices of Shakespeare's England\", seems to back up Nelles's claim, stating that the time in which Shakespeare was writing was one in which writers no longer had to follow strict guidelines of what was considered \"proper\" writing, and could write on subjects which \"interested themselves and their audiences\".", "The meter demands a few variant pronunciations: line 4's \"the uncertain\" functions as three syllables (\"th'uncertain\"), line 7's \"desperate\" as two; and line 11's \"discourse\" (although a noun) is stressed on the second syllable. As a piece within Shakespeare's sonnet collection, Sonnet 147 lies within the Dark Lady sonnets sequence (Sonnets 127-154), following the Fair Youth sequence (Sonnets 1-126). Placed after the Fair Youth sonnets, which \"celebrate a young male love object\", The Dark Lady sonnets are associated with a woman of dark physical and moral features. Unlike the Fair Youth sonnets, which refer lovingly and admirably to the beauty and person-hood of a young male, the Dark Lady sonnets frequently include harsh and offensive language, often including sexual innuendos, to describe a woman who is neither admirably beautiful, or of admirable means or aristocratic status. By writing about this dark and simple woman, Shakespeare writes in stark contrast to most poets of his time, who often and predominantly wrote about fair, virginal, young girls who were of high social status. As with the questioned identity of the inspiration for the Fair Youth sonnets, the identity of the original Dark Lady has been disputed and argued for centuries. Unlike the Fair Youth sonnets, however, there is little academic \"proof\" to back up any proposed female muses, though historical characters ranging from Shakespeare's wife Anne Hathaway, Emilia Lanier, and even Queen Elizabeth herself have been suggested as potential \"femme fatales\"."], "answer": {"text": "Her earliest work to appear under her own name was Arabi and His Household (1882), a pamphlet--originally a letter to The Times", "answer_start": 218}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were some of the early writings of Augusta?", "answer": {"text": "Lady Gregory had an affair with the English poet Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, during which she wrote a series of love poems, A Woman's Sonnets.", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3afea7a4f02443b0bef9899717f27f62_1_q#3", "question": "What other works did she produce early on?", "rewrite": "In addition to Arabi and His Household, what other works did Augusta produce earlier on?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Al-Arabi SC (Kuwait) Al-Arabi Sporting Club () is a Kuwaiti professional club based in Mansuriya, Kuwait City, that sponsors a number of teams, the most notable of which is the football team in the VIVA Premier League. Al-Arabi SC was named \"Al-Uruba\" () at the beginning of 1953, and changed to Al-Arabi SC (The Arabian) in 1960. As winners of the Kuwait Emir Cup in 2008, Al-Arabi SC was the first Kuwaiti team to compete in the AFC Cup. Al-Arabi SC has 57 official trophies next to its name (55 domestic and 2 GCC), the most of any Kuwaiti football team. Al-Arabi SC's stadium is Sabah Al-Salem Stadium in Mans\u016briya, a suburb of the capital of the country, Kuwait City. It is the second largest stadium in Kuwait. Al-Arabi has never won any league title since the 2001\u201302 season. It had the same points as Kuwait SC in 2014\u201315 season, but the title went to Kuwait by the principle of the results of the matches between the two team. Al-Arabi SC is the only team in Kuwait that has never lost in the Kuwait Super Cup. Holding both records to be in the final of the Kuwait Crown Prince Cup 4 consecutive times tied with Kuwait SC and in Kuwait Emir Cup going to the final 11 consecutive times since 1962 to 1973, more than any Kuwaiti team. Al-Arabi SC Started as Al-Uruba in mid-1953 as one of the first Kuwaiti teams in Kuwait football.", "While in Jerusalem, Ibn al-'Arabi was enticed by all of the scholars he met there, and performing the hajj became an addition in his quest for knowledge. It was only when he returned to Baghdad in 1097 that Ibn al-'Arabi finally met Imam Ab\u016b \u1e24\u0101med al-Ghaz\u0101l\u012b, under whom Ibn al-'Arabi studied. At the age of 21 Ibn al-'Arabi studied closely with al-Ghazali, an Islamic theologian, philosopher and Sufi mystic. In fact, Ibn al-'Arabi is said to be one of the \"most important sources of information about al-Ghazali's life and his teachings\". When it came to al-Ghazali's theology, Ibn al-'Arabi became a master, and was enthusiastic, but perhaps more importantly critical of his teachings. Although Ibn al-'Arabi undoubtedly respected al-Ghazali, he was not afraid to express his feelings of difference when it came to the teachings of falsafa (Islamic philosophy). After Ibn al-'Arabi's father died in 1099 (at age 57), he headed back to Seville (at age 26). After being gone for 10 years studying in the Muslim east, he returned as a well esteemed and credited scholar and teacher, as well as a main source to spread the works and teachings of al-Ghazali in the Muslim west. Ibn al-'Arabi continued to study, reflect upon, and challenge the works of al-Ghazali. For example, al-Ghazali believed that, \"there is not in the sphere of possibility anything more excellent, more perfect or more complete than what God has in fact created.\"", "This causes the perfect human to be of both divine and earthly origin. Ibn Arabi metaphorically calls him an Isthmus. Being an Isthmus between heaven and Earth, the perfect human fulfills God's desire to be known. God's presence can be realized through him by others. Ibn Arabi expressed that through self manifestation one acquires divine knowledge, which he called the primordial spirit of Muhammad and all its perfection. Ibn Arabi details that the perfect human is of the cosmos to the divine and conveys the divine spirit to the cosmos. Ibn Arabi further explained the perfect man concept using at least twenty-two different descriptions and various aspects when considering the Logos. He contemplated the Logos, or \"Universal Man\", as a mediation between the individual human and the divine essence. Ibn Arabi believed Muhammad to be the primary perfect man who exemplifies the morality of God. Ibn Arabi regarded the first entity brought into existence was the reality or essence of Muhammad (\"al-\u1e25aq\u012bqa al-Muhammadiyya\"), master of all creatures, and a primary role-model for human beings to emulate. Ibn Arabi believed that God's attributes and names are manifested in this world, with the most complete and perfect display of these divine attributes and names seen in Muhammad. Ibn Arabi believed that one may see God in the mirror of Muhammad. He maintained that Muhammad was the best proof of God and, by knowing Muhammad, one knows God. Ibn Arabi also described Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and all other prophets and various \"Awliya Allah\" (Muslim saints) as perfect men, but never tires of attributing lordship, inspirational source, and highest rank to Muhammad. Ibn Arabi compares his own status as a perfect man as being but a single dimension to the comprehensive nature of Muhammad. Ibn '", "As the 3rd week past Al-Arabi SC was at top of the league with 9 points ahead of Kuwait SC with 7 points those Al-Arabi SC has not been seen at the top of the league since 2010\u201311 for the first few weeks. As the first derby came along vs Al-Salmiya SC Al-Arabi SC lost 3\u20132 And fell to second place where Firas Al-Khatib scored his 100th league goal. On 16 October 2014 Al-Arabi SC became the first Kuwaiti team to have an anthem first introduced vs Al-Yarmouk. On 24 November 2014 Al-Arabi's journey to Kuwait Crown Prince Cup after beating Kazma in a Penalty shootout 5\u20134. As the Kuwait City Derby came the match ended with a 0\u20130 Draw. While making it to the final of Kuwait Crown Prince Cup for the 4th consecutive year vs Kuwait SC and played the first Classico match of the season vs Qadsia SC which ended in a draw 0\u20130. After defeating Kuwait SC 4\u20132 (aet) in the Kuwait Crown Prince Cup final match this was Al-Arabi's 57th official title. After the 2015 AFC Asian Cup ended sports in Kuwait came back after Al-Arabi defeated Kazma in the quarter-final of Kuwait Emir Cup in the semi-final they faced Al-Salmiya SC. Al-Arabi lost the final 4\u20132 (aet) and was recognized as one of the worst referred matches in Kuwaiti Football history as Al-Arabi should have won the match. As of 26 February 2015 Al-Arabi's fans were named best fans of 2014 from Al-khaleeji Sport. After losing twice this season to Al-Salmiya SC Al-Arabi beat them in week 18 3\u20131.", "By 2012 it was announced that Al-Arabi SC will be wearing dark green as their home kit, the away kit will be blue, and the third kit will be white with green. In the 2013\u201314 season, Al-Arabi SC wore only the home kit and third kit. The Kuwaiti classico is between Al-Arabi SC and Al-Qadsia which is named one of the big games in the GCC from sport section which Al-Qadsia want to break the record of the number of championships Al-Arabi SC have of 57 and qadsia have 52 so they can name themselves Al-Zaeem but they underestimate Al-Arabi SC a lot, due to Al-Qadsia getting domestic championships in the twentieth century it has been better than Al-Arabi SC and has more wins in the Classico. The Kuwait City derby is between Al-Arabi SC and Kuwait SC due to have a great impact from Kuwait SC since dominating in the AFC Cup by winning the title 3 times and make the derby a great match. Throughout the years Al-Arabi have dominated the Kuwaiti football throughout its championships, but in the 2009 Kuwait Emir Cup final after beating Al-Arabi 2\u20131 and defeating them in 2010\u201311 league 5\u20131 those made the Kuwait City Derby a derby to watch through the Kuwaiti football. Matches between Al-Salmiya SC and Al-Arabi SC are often high-profile. As of the 2014\u201315 season, Al-Salmiya SC had many new signings to the team and won their first encounter in the league. Al-Arabi plays in home matches in Sabah Al-Salem Stadium in Kuwait City, Al Mansouriah. Opened on 5 January 1979, the stadium holds 22,000 people and is the second-largest stadium in Kuwait."], "answer": {"text": "in 1893 she published A Phantom's Pilgrimage, or Home Ruin, an anti-Nationalist pamphlet against William Ewart Gladstone's proposed second Home Rule Act.", "answer_start": 729}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were some of the early writings of Augusta?", "answer": {"text": "Lady Gregory had an affair with the English poet Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, during which she wrote a series of love poems, A Woman's Sonnets.", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Her earliest work to appear under her own name was Arabi and His Household (1882), a pamphlet--originally a letter to The Times", "answer_start": 218, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How were her early writings received by critics and the public?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d3d99792a4ff45a9937a15bbb906e32e_1_q#0", "question": "When did Prince Philip join the military?", "rewrite": "When did Prince Philip join the military?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Parkway (St. John's) The Parkway is a major arterial road in the city of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. It consists of three distinct roads that form a single through route: Columbus Drive, Prince Philip Drive, and Macdonald Drive. A four-lane limited-access road with a speed limit of 70 km/h along most of its length, the parkway begins at an intersection with Pitts Memorial Drive in the city's west end and terminates at Logy Bay Road in the east end. Columbus Drive runs in a general south-to-north direction from Pitts Memorial Drive to Thorburn Road. It passes Bowring Park, the Village Mall, the edge of the west end residential area, and the Avalon Mall. Also known as the Crosstown Arterial, Columbus Drive was constructed in order to improve traffic circulation in the city by linking Kenmount Road and Prince Philip Drive with Topsail Road and Pitts Memorial Drive. Built on land purchased by the city in 1970, the road was opened in December 1981. Prince Philip Drive, constructed in the late 1960s, runs in an east-west direction from Thorburn Road to Portugal Cove Road. Passing through Pippy Park, Prince Philip Drive provides access to several significant institutions: the Health Sciences Centre and Janeway Children's Hospital, the CBC's St. John's studios, the main Memorial University of Newfoundland campus, the St. John's Arts and Culture Centre, the Confederation Building, and the College of the North Atlantic. Macdonald Drive runs in an east-west direction from Portugal Cove Road to Logy Bay Road. Unlike Columbus Drive and Prince Philip Drive, Macdonald Drive is not a limited-access road and is intersected by several residential side streets. In 2006, seven of the ten most dangerous intersections in the city of St. John's were located on the Parkway.", "Philip Frederick of the Palatinate Philip Frederick of the Palatinate (\"Prince Palatine John Philip Frederick\", 16 September 1627 \u2013 16 December 1650), was the seventh son of Frederick V, Elector Palatine (of the House of Wittelsbach), the \"Winter King\" of Bohemia, by his consort, the English princess Elizabeth Stuart. Prince Philip was born in The Hague, where his parents lived in exile after his father lost the Battle of White Mountain and was driven from the thrones of both Bohemia and the Palatinate. His father, a Calvinist, died on 29 November 1632, when Philip was five years old. He and his older brother Edward were educated at the French court, at the request of his elder brother, Charles I Louis, but were sent back to The Hague by request of their mother after the French temporarily took Charles Louis prisoner. On the night of June 20th, 1646 Prince Philip killed the French exile Lieutenant Colonel Jacques de l'Epinay, Sieur de Vaux, in a duel or fight. Rumours declared that the taunt which had provoked Prince Philip to murder had been a boast of the French Don Juan that he had enjoyed the favours not only of the Princess Louise, but also of her widowed mother. In spite of repeated summonses, Prince Philip never appeared to answer the Dutch legal authorities. He became what Elizabeth had sworn that none of her sons should become, a soldier of fortune. Philip entered the military service of the Duke of Lorraine, with the rank of colonel. He was killed at the Battle of Rethel, on 16 December 1650, during the Fronde. His remains were returned to Sedan and were buried in the Church of Saint Charles.", "Prince Philip Movement The Prince Philip Movement is a religious sect followed by the Kastom people around Yaohnanen village on the southern island of Tanna in Vanuatu. It is a cargo cult of the Yaohnanen tribe, who believe that Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the consort to Queen Elizabeth II, is a divine being. According to ancient Yaohnanen tales, the son of a mountain spirit travelled over the seas to a distant land. There, he married a powerful woman and in time would return to them. He was sometimes said to be a brother to John Frum. The people of the Yaohnanen area believe that Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the consort to Queen Elizabeth II, is a divine being. They had seen the respect accorded to Queen Elizabeth II by the colonial officials and concluded that her husband, Prince Philip, must be the son referred to in their legends. It is unclear just when this belief came about, but it was probably some time in the 1950s or 1960s. It was strengthened by the royal couple's official visit to Vanuatu in 1974, when a few villagers had the opportunity to actually see Prince Philip from a distance. The Prince was not then aware of the sect, but it was brought to his attention several years later by John Champion, the British Resident Commissioner in the New Hebrides. Champion suggested that Prince Philip send them a portrait of himself. He agreed and sent a signed official photograph. The villagers responded by sending him a traditional pig-killing club called a \"nal-nal\". In compliance with their request, the Prince sent a photograph of himself posing with the club. Another photograph was sent in 2000. All three photographs were kept by Chief Jack Naiva, who died in 2009. Anne, Princess Royal, visited Tanna in October 2014. She is the only daughter of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip.", "Letters Patent were issued on 22 February 1957 giving the Duke the style and titular dignity of a Prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (omitting the wording \"and Her other Realms and Territories\"). According to the announcement in the \"London Gazette\", he should henceforth be known as \"His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh\", with the capitalised definite article normally restricted to the children of monarchs. The media cultivated speculation in early 2007 that the title of \"Prince Consort\" might be conferred to mark the royal couple's 60th wedding anniversary in November that year; however, this did not occur. Prince Philip's promotion in 2015 from Companion to Knight of the Order of Australia caused the eruption of some political controversy in Australia. Prime Minister Tony Abbott's recommendation (via Sir Peter Cosgrove) to the Queen to confer this reward upon her husband was vehemently criticised by the Labor opposition leader, Bill Shorten, among others. However, various ministers and editorials supported his award of an honour. Awards worn regularly by Prince Philip are noted in the above tables and are worn in accordance with customary British conventions applicable to the occasion, the location and to the form of dress worn. Awards not specifically noted are worn by Prince Philip on appropriate occasions relating to the country that made the award, again in accordance with UK conventions. The current ribbons worn by Prince Philip are as follows: Notes on wear", "Prince Philip Medal The Prince Philip Medal is named after Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who is the Senior Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (RAE). In 1989 Prince Philip agreed to the commissioning of solid gold medals to be \"awarded periodically to an engineer of any nationality who has made an exceptional contribution to engineering as a whole through practice, management or education. \" The first of these medals was awarded in 1991 to Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle. The Prince Philip medal is awarded through the Royal Academy of Engineering. Nominations are opened around September each year. Candidates can be from any nationality and hence it is an international award. Although it is an annual award, at times when there is no qualified candidate, the medal is not awarded. Winners include people from industry and university. Previous recipients of the Prince Philip medal were: Another different medal also known as the Prince Philip medal is the City and Guilds Institute of London Gold Medal, awarded by the City & Guilds."], "answer": {"text": "After leaving Gordonstoun in 1939, Philip joined the Royal Navy,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d3d99792a4ff45a9937a15bbb906e32e_1_q#1", "question": "Did he serve in any war?", "rewrite": "Did Prince Phillip serve in any war?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["They use their magical powers to help both Princess Aurora and Prince Phillip. Prince Phillip is Aurora's true love, voiced by Bill Shirley. Phillip is based on the prince from the original French fairy tale that appears a hundred years after the princess is put to sleep by Maleficent's curse, having heard the story of the sleeping princess, and entered the castle. He trembled upon seeing the princess's beauty and fell on his knees before her. He kissed her, then she woke up, and then everyone lived happily ever after. Unlike The Prince from \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" and Prince Charming from \"Cinderella\", Phillip was the first prince in Disney theatrical animated features to be given a proper name and a full character. At Aurora's birth, it was said that Phillip would marry the princess, the daughter of his father's best friend. A young Phillip presents a gift to the infant Aurora at her christening, but is less than impressed when he sees her. The event is interrupted by Maleficent, who appears and curses Aurora, causing the Three Good Fairies to take Aurora into the forest to raise her. Years later, Phillip is riding in the forest and hears Aurora, now known as Briar Rose, singing. He follows her voice and starts singing with her. She tries to run away, but he follows her. By the end of the song, they have fallen in love. However, Aurora realizes she is disobeying her \"aunts\" and leaves, but not before telling Phillip she will be celebrating her birthday at her cottage in the middle of the forest. After being captured by Maleficent and thrown into her dungeon after arriving at Briar Rose's home, the Three Good Fairies rescue him so that he in turn can save Aurora.", "Besides this and his television work, Shirley performed on the radio and at various nightclubs across the country. He may or may not have appeared on an episode of \"Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color\" in 1962; the actor may have been similarly named. Shirley was approached by the Walt Disney Company to provide the speaking and singing voice for the character of Prince Phillip in its animated version of Sleeping Beauty. Shirley's singing range was tenor/baritone, and had a youthful quality which was ideal for the voice of the young Prince Phillip. Before they were cast as the voices of Aurora and Phillip, Mary Costa and Shirley were asked to audition together to make sure their voices complemented each other. During the film's production, Shirley and actor Ed Kemmer were used by the Disney animators as live action reference models for Prince Phillip; the animators had them perform many of the sequences from the movie while they drew the character. He had many rehearsals with Mary Costa, who was also providing the voice for Princess Aurora. They acted out their parts just as if they were to appear personally in the finished production. The two even kissed for the sound-track cameras. After their voices were recorded, the animators drew every motion of the characters' lips to fit each enunciated syllable from the actors' mouths, so that viewers would be able to \"see\" the voices and hear them. The animators would draw sixteen drawings for each syllable formed by the lips. Bill would later remember that he said, \"Whoa, Samson!\" to a non-existent horse for a whole day before the sound engineers were satisfied with the inflection. And at that point, Samson had not even been sketched as a horse. Shortly before the film was released, Bill and Mary performed together at the Hollywood Bowl on a Disney themed night in 1958.", "In the original \"Kingdom Hearts\", Enchanted Dominion has been swallowed by the Heartless, and Phillip himself has disappeared, but is presumably restored after Sora defeats \"Ansem\" at the end of the game. Phillip is one of the many Disney characters that appear in the TV series \"Disney's House of Mouse\". He also appears in theme-parks and live events. Phillip is featured in the \"Disney Heroes\" franchise, a toyline similar but much less successful than the Disney Princess franchise. Phillip and Maleficent in dragon form appear in stylized versions, somehow different from their regular appearance. A live-action version of Prince Phillip appeared in Disney's live-action film \"Maleficent\", portrayed by Brenton Thwaites. In this interpretation, Phillip is sent by his father, King John of Ulstead, to King Stefan's castle on a business matter, but encounters Aurora along the way. Although they do not marry in the end, their relationship is left with the potential to become something deeper. In \"\", Harris Dickinson portrayed Phillip since Thwaites was unable to reprise the role due to scheduling conflicts. King Stefan is Aurora's father, voiced by Taylor Holmes in his last role. The film begins with a description of his kingdom and his marriage, and how happy he and his wife, Queen Leah, were with the birth of their daughter. A celebration is organized to present Aurora to the kingdom and Stefan's best friend, King Hubert, is invited. At the celebration, Aurora is betrothed to Hubert's son, Prince Phillip. The evil fairy Maleficent then makes her appearance and curses Aurora to die before her sixteenth birthday by pricking her finger on the spindle of a spinning wheel in retribution for not being invited to the celebration.", "WSNS displaced WCIU-TV (channel 26) as the market's SIN affiliate; that station ran the network's programming daily after 5:00 p.m. and the English language \"Stock Market Observer\" business news block during the daytime hours; WCIU then affiliated with NetSpan (which would become Telemundo in 1987). On October 13, 1988, WSNS-TV announced that it would switch its affiliation to Telemundo after that station's affiliation agreement with Univision concluded on December 31; two months later on December 16, WCIU\u2014whose contract with Telemundo was set to expire the following month\u2014signed an affiliation agreement with Univision, returning the station to that network after four years. The two stations switched affiliations on January 10, 1989. Monroe Communications' attempts to have the WSNS license revoked from the Essaness-Harriscope venture's possession continued into the early 1990s. In April 1990, a federal appeals court in Washington, D.C. overturned the FCC's 1989 decision to renew Video 44's license to operate WSNS, stating that the agency acted \"arbitrarily and capriciously\" in granting it, partly due to it having \"improperly refused to consider evidence of obscene broadcasts\" by the station in the early 1980s, requiring the Commission to conduct further proceedings in the dispute. On September 19, 1990, the FCC denied Video 44's application to renew its license; the ruling was upheld on appeal weeks later in a 5-0 decision, and awarded a new construction permit to Monroe Communications; Video 44, Inc. subsequently appealed the decision.", "For a number of months, Jackson, Ted Sears, and two story writers underwent a rewrite of the story, which received a lukewarm response from Disney. During the story rewriting process, the story writers felt the original fairy tale's second act felt bizarre and with the wake-up kiss serving as a climactic moment, they decided to concentrate on the first half finding strength in the romance. However, they felt little romance was developed between the strange prince and the princess that the storyboard artists worked out an elaborate sequence in which the king organized a treasure hunt. The idea was eventually dropped when it became too drawn out and drifted from the central storyline. Instead, it was written that Prince Phillip and Princess Aurora would meet in the forest by random chance while Princess Aurora renamed Briar Rose was conversing with the forest animals. Additionally, because the original Perrault tale had the curse last one hundred years, the writers decided to shorten it a few hours with the time spent for Prince Phillip to battle the goons, overcome several obstacles, and fight off against Maleficent transformed into a dragon. The name given to the princess by her royal birth parents is \"Aurora\" (Latin for \"dawn\"), as it was in the original Tchaikovsky ballet. This name occurred in Charles Perrault's version as well, not as the princess's name, but as her daughter's. In hiding, she is called Briar Rose, the name of the princess in the Brothers Grimm's version variant. The prince was given the princely name most familiar to Americans in the 1950s: Prince Phillip. Named after Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the character has the distinction of being the first Disney prince to have a name as the two princes in \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (The Prince) and \"Cinderella\" (Prince Charming) are never named."], "answer": {"text": "During the Second World War, he continued to serve in the British forces,", "answer_start": 164}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Prince Philip join the military?", "answer": {"text": "After leaving Gordonstoun in 1939, Philip joined the Royal Navy,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d3d99792a4ff45a9937a15bbb906e32e_1_q#2", "question": "When did he retire from the forces?", "rewrite": "When did Prince Phillip retire from the British forces?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["They use their magical powers to help both Princess Aurora and Prince Phillip. Prince Phillip is Aurora's true love, voiced by Bill Shirley. Phillip is based on the prince from the original French fairy tale that appears a hundred years after the princess is put to sleep by Maleficent's curse, having heard the story of the sleeping princess, and entered the castle. He trembled upon seeing the princess's beauty and fell on his knees before her. He kissed her, then she woke up, and then everyone lived happily ever after. Unlike The Prince from \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" and Prince Charming from \"Cinderella\", Phillip was the first prince in Disney theatrical animated features to be given a proper name and a full character. At Aurora's birth, it was said that Phillip would marry the princess, the daughter of his father's best friend. A young Phillip presents a gift to the infant Aurora at her christening, but is less than impressed when he sees her. The event is interrupted by Maleficent, who appears and curses Aurora, causing the Three Good Fairies to take Aurora into the forest to raise her. Years later, Phillip is riding in the forest and hears Aurora, now known as Briar Rose, singing. He follows her voice and starts singing with her. She tries to run away, but he follows her. By the end of the song, they have fallen in love. However, Aurora realizes she is disobeying her \"aunts\" and leaves, but not before telling Phillip she will be celebrating her birthday at her cottage in the middle of the forest. After being captured by Maleficent and thrown into her dungeon after arriving at Briar Rose's home, the Three Good Fairies rescue him so that he in turn can save Aurora.", "In the original \"Kingdom Hearts\", Enchanted Dominion has been swallowed by the Heartless, and Phillip himself has disappeared, but is presumably restored after Sora defeats \"Ansem\" at the end of the game. Phillip is one of the many Disney characters that appear in the TV series \"Disney's House of Mouse\". He also appears in theme-parks and live events. Phillip is featured in the \"Disney Heroes\" franchise, a toyline similar but much less successful than the Disney Princess franchise. Phillip and Maleficent in dragon form appear in stylized versions, somehow different from their regular appearance. A live-action version of Prince Phillip appeared in Disney's live-action film \"Maleficent\", portrayed by Brenton Thwaites. In this interpretation, Phillip is sent by his father, King John of Ulstead, to King Stefan's castle on a business matter, but encounters Aurora along the way. Although they do not marry in the end, their relationship is left with the potential to become something deeper. In \"\", Harris Dickinson portrayed Phillip since Thwaites was unable to reprise the role due to scheduling conflicts. King Stefan is Aurora's father, voiced by Taylor Holmes in his last role. The film begins with a description of his kingdom and his marriage, and how happy he and his wife, Queen Leah, were with the birth of their daughter. A celebration is organized to present Aurora to the kingdom and Stefan's best friend, King Hubert, is invited. At the celebration, Aurora is betrothed to Hubert's son, Prince Phillip. The evil fairy Maleficent then makes her appearance and curses Aurora to die before her sixteenth birthday by pricking her finger on the spindle of a spinning wheel in retribution for not being invited to the celebration.", "Besides this and his television work, Shirley performed on the radio and at various nightclubs across the country. He may or may not have appeared on an episode of \"Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color\" in 1962; the actor may have been similarly named. Shirley was approached by the Walt Disney Company to provide the speaking and singing voice for the character of Prince Phillip in its animated version of Sleeping Beauty. Shirley's singing range was tenor/baritone, and had a youthful quality which was ideal for the voice of the young Prince Phillip. Before they were cast as the voices of Aurora and Phillip, Mary Costa and Shirley were asked to audition together to make sure their voices complemented each other. During the film's production, Shirley and actor Ed Kemmer were used by the Disney animators as live action reference models for Prince Phillip; the animators had them perform many of the sequences from the movie while they drew the character. He had many rehearsals with Mary Costa, who was also providing the voice for Princess Aurora. They acted out their parts just as if they were to appear personally in the finished production. The two even kissed for the sound-track cameras. After their voices were recorded, the animators drew every motion of the characters' lips to fit each enunciated syllable from the actors' mouths, so that viewers would be able to \"see\" the voices and hear them. The animators would draw sixteen drawings for each syllable formed by the lips. Bill would later remember that he said, \"Whoa, Samson!\" to a non-existent horse for a whole day before the sound engineers were satisfied with the inflection. And at that point, Samson had not even been sketched as a horse. Shortly before the film was released, Bill and Mary performed together at the Hollywood Bowl on a Disney themed night in 1958.", "For a number of months, Jackson, Ted Sears, and two story writers underwent a rewrite of the story, which received a lukewarm response from Disney. During the story rewriting process, the story writers felt the original fairy tale's second act felt bizarre and with the wake-up kiss serving as a climactic moment, they decided to concentrate on the first half finding strength in the romance. However, they felt little romance was developed between the strange prince and the princess that the storyboard artists worked out an elaborate sequence in which the king organized a treasure hunt. The idea was eventually dropped when it became too drawn out and drifted from the central storyline. Instead, it was written that Prince Phillip and Princess Aurora would meet in the forest by random chance while Princess Aurora renamed Briar Rose was conversing with the forest animals. Additionally, because the original Perrault tale had the curse last one hundred years, the writers decided to shorten it a few hours with the time spent for Prince Phillip to battle the goons, overcome several obstacles, and fight off against Maleficent transformed into a dragon. The name given to the princess by her royal birth parents is \"Aurora\" (Latin for \"dawn\"), as it was in the original Tchaikovsky ballet. This name occurred in Charles Perrault's version as well, not as the princess's name, but as her daughter's. In hiding, she is called Briar Rose, the name of the princess in the Brothers Grimm's version variant. The prince was given the princely name most familiar to Americans in the 1950s: Prince Phillip. Named after Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the character has the distinction of being the first Disney prince to have a name as the two princes in \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (The Prince) and \"Cinderella\" (Prince Charming) are never named.", "However, Emma and Mary Margaret are also taken with it. The Wraith is transported to the remains of the Enchanted Forest. Prince Phillip and his companion, Mulan, arrive at the ruined palace, and he is able to use true love's kiss to awaken Aurora, but are attacked by the wraith. Prince Phillip attacks the creature, causing the medallion to fall into his hand, thus marking him as the Wraith's next victim. Phillip tells Aurora he is going to look for fire-wood, knowing he will never return to allow the wraith to take his soul. Later, Mulan and Aurora realize he has been marked and find him. Mulan suggests she be given the medallion so she can mark herself and have her soul taken in his place, thus saving Phillip from his fate. He refuses, and allows the Wraith to suck out his soul while Aurora and Mulan look on in horror. After taking Phillip's soul, the Wraith goes back into the medallion. Aurora and Mulan pay their last farewell tribute to Phillip, and the medallion is given to Aurora by Mulan. After Phillip was revived, Aurora likely discarded the medallion to prevent the Wraith from returning. The Memory Stones is an Arendelle item. They are crystals that can be used to remove, store and return other people's memories. The Middlemist Flowers are a Camelot plant species. They used to grow in the village of Oxleigh and were brought to Merlin's village by Nimue. Centuries later, an entire field of middlemists can be found near the Camelot castle. Mirrors are an item typically used to see one's reflection; they exist in all realms capable of producing glass. Their size ranges from being handheld to being big as a doorway."], "answer": {"text": "In January 1946, Philip returned to the United Kingdom on the Whelp, and was posted as an instructor at HMS Royal Arthur, the Petty Officers' School in Corsham, Wiltshire.", "answer_start": 485}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Prince Philip join the military?", "answer": {"text": "After leaving Gordonstoun in 1939, Philip joined the Royal Navy,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he serve in any war?", "answer": {"text": "During the Second World War, he continued to serve in the British forces,", "answer_start": 164, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d3d99792a4ff45a9937a15bbb906e32e_1_q#3", "question": "Did Philip go to college?", "rewrite": "Did Prince Philip go to college?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Philip Frederick of the Palatinate Philip Frederick of the Palatinate (\"Prince Palatine John Philip Frederick\", 16 September 1627 \u2013 16 December 1650), was the seventh son of Frederick V, Elector Palatine (of the House of Wittelsbach), the \"Winter King\" of Bohemia, by his consort, the English princess Elizabeth Stuart. Prince Philip was born in The Hague, where his parents lived in exile after his father lost the Battle of White Mountain and was driven from the thrones of both Bohemia and the Palatinate. His father, a Calvinist, died on 29 November 1632, when Philip was five years old. He and his older brother Edward were educated at the French court, at the request of his elder brother, Charles I Louis, but were sent back to The Hague by request of their mother after the French temporarily took Charles Louis prisoner. On the night of June 20th, 1646 Prince Philip killed the French exile Lieutenant Colonel Jacques de l'Epinay, Sieur de Vaux, in a duel or fight. Rumours declared that the taunt which had provoked Prince Philip to murder had been a boast of the French Don Juan that he had enjoyed the favours not only of the Princess Louise, but also of her widowed mother. In spite of repeated summonses, Prince Philip never appeared to answer the Dutch legal authorities. He became what Elizabeth had sworn that none of her sons should become, a soldier of fortune. Philip entered the military service of the Duke of Lorraine, with the rank of colonel. He was killed at the Battle of Rethel, on 16 December 1650, during the Fronde. His remains were returned to Sedan and were buried in the Church of Saint Charles.", "Parkway (St. John's) The Parkway is a major arterial road in the city of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. It consists of three distinct roads that form a single through route: Columbus Drive, Prince Philip Drive, and Macdonald Drive. A four-lane limited-access road with a speed limit of 70 km/h along most of its length, the parkway begins at an intersection with Pitts Memorial Drive in the city's west end and terminates at Logy Bay Road in the east end. Columbus Drive runs in a general south-to-north direction from Pitts Memorial Drive to Thorburn Road. It passes Bowring Park, the Village Mall, the edge of the west end residential area, and the Avalon Mall. Also known as the Crosstown Arterial, Columbus Drive was constructed in order to improve traffic circulation in the city by linking Kenmount Road and Prince Philip Drive with Topsail Road and Pitts Memorial Drive. Built on land purchased by the city in 1970, the road was opened in December 1981. Prince Philip Drive, constructed in the late 1960s, runs in an east-west direction from Thorburn Road to Portugal Cove Road. Passing through Pippy Park, Prince Philip Drive provides access to several significant institutions: the Health Sciences Centre and Janeway Children's Hospital, the CBC's St. John's studios, the main Memorial University of Newfoundland campus, the St. John's Arts and Culture Centre, the Confederation Building, and the College of the North Atlantic. Macdonald Drive runs in an east-west direction from Portugal Cove Road to Logy Bay Road. Unlike Columbus Drive and Prince Philip Drive, Macdonald Drive is not a limited-access road and is intersected by several residential side streets. In 2006, seven of the ten most dangerous intersections in the city of St. John's were located on the Parkway.", "Prince Philip Medal The Prince Philip Medal is named after Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who is the Senior Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (RAE). In 1989 Prince Philip agreed to the commissioning of solid gold medals to be \"awarded periodically to an engineer of any nationality who has made an exceptional contribution to engineering as a whole through practice, management or education. \" The first of these medals was awarded in 1991 to Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle. The Prince Philip medal is awarded through the Royal Academy of Engineering. Nominations are opened around September each year. Candidates can be from any nationality and hence it is an international award. Although it is an annual award, at times when there is no qualified candidate, the medal is not awarded. Winners include people from industry and university. Previous recipients of the Prince Philip medal were: Another different medal also known as the Prince Philip medal is the City and Guilds Institute of London Gold Medal, awarded by the City & Guilds.", "Prince Philip Movement The Prince Philip Movement is a religious sect followed by the Kastom people around Yaohnanen village on the southern island of Tanna in Vanuatu. It is a cargo cult of the Yaohnanen tribe, who believe that Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the consort to Queen Elizabeth II, is a divine being. According to ancient Yaohnanen tales, the son of a mountain spirit travelled over the seas to a distant land. There, he married a powerful woman and in time would return to them. He was sometimes said to be a brother to John Frum. The people of the Yaohnanen area believe that Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the consort to Queen Elizabeth II, is a divine being. They had seen the respect accorded to Queen Elizabeth II by the colonial officials and concluded that her husband, Prince Philip, must be the son referred to in their legends. It is unclear just when this belief came about, but it was probably some time in the 1950s or 1960s. It was strengthened by the royal couple's official visit to Vanuatu in 1974, when a few villagers had the opportunity to actually see Prince Philip from a distance. The Prince was not then aware of the sect, but it was brought to his attention several years later by John Champion, the British Resident Commissioner in the New Hebrides. Champion suggested that Prince Philip send them a portrait of himself. He agreed and sent a signed official photograph. The villagers responded by sending him a traditional pig-killing club called a \"nal-nal\". In compliance with their request, the Prince sent a photograph of himself posing with the club. Another photograph was sent in 2000. All three photographs were kept by Chief Jack Naiva, who died in 2009. Anne, Princess Royal, visited Tanna in October 2014. She is the only daughter of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip.", "Letters Patent were issued on 22 February 1957 giving the Duke the style and titular dignity of a Prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (omitting the wording \"and Her other Realms and Territories\"). According to the announcement in the \"London Gazette\", he should henceforth be known as \"His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh\", with the capitalised definite article normally restricted to the children of monarchs. The media cultivated speculation in early 2007 that the title of \"Prince Consort\" might be conferred to mark the royal couple's 60th wedding anniversary in November that year; however, this did not occur. Prince Philip's promotion in 2015 from Companion to Knight of the Order of Australia caused the eruption of some political controversy in Australia. Prime Minister Tony Abbott's recommendation (via Sir Peter Cosgrove) to the Queen to confer this reward upon her husband was vehemently criticised by the Labor opposition leader, Bill Shorten, among others. However, various ministers and editorials supported his award of an honour. Awards worn regularly by Prince Philip are noted in the above tables and are worn in accordance with customary British conventions applicable to the occasion, the location and to the form of dress worn. Awards not specifically noted are worn by Prince Philip on appropriate occasions relating to the country that made the award, again in accordance with UK conventions. The current ribbons worn by Prince Philip are as follows: Notes on wear"], "answer": {"text": "graduating the next year from the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, as the best cadet in his course.", "answer_start": 65}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Prince Philip join the military?", "answer": {"text": "After leaving Gordonstoun in 1939, Philip joined the Royal Navy,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he serve in any war?", "answer": {"text": "During the Second World War, he continued to serve in the British forces,", "answer_start": 164, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he retire from the forces?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1946, Philip returned to the United Kingdom on the Whelp, and was posted as an instructor at HMS Royal Arthur, the Petty Officers' School in Corsham, Wiltshire.", "answer_start": 485, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_d3d99792a4ff45a9937a15bbb906e32e_1_q#4", "question": "Were there other wars that he was involved in?", "rewrite": "Other than the Second World War, were there other wars that Prince Phillip was involved in?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the original \"Kingdom Hearts\", Enchanted Dominion has been swallowed by the Heartless, and Phillip himself has disappeared, but is presumably restored after Sora defeats \"Ansem\" at the end of the game. Phillip is one of the many Disney characters that appear in the TV series \"Disney's House of Mouse\". He also appears in theme-parks and live events. Phillip is featured in the \"Disney Heroes\" franchise, a toyline similar but much less successful than the Disney Princess franchise. Phillip and Maleficent in dragon form appear in stylized versions, somehow different from their regular appearance. A live-action version of Prince Phillip appeared in Disney's live-action film \"Maleficent\", portrayed by Brenton Thwaites. In this interpretation, Phillip is sent by his father, King John of Ulstead, to King Stefan's castle on a business matter, but encounters Aurora along the way. Although they do not marry in the end, their relationship is left with the potential to become something deeper. In \"\", Harris Dickinson portrayed Phillip since Thwaites was unable to reprise the role due to scheduling conflicts. King Stefan is Aurora's father, voiced by Taylor Holmes in his last role. The film begins with a description of his kingdom and his marriage, and how happy he and his wife, Queen Leah, were with the birth of their daughter. A celebration is organized to present Aurora to the kingdom and Stefan's best friend, King Hubert, is invited. At the celebration, Aurora is betrothed to Hubert's son, Prince Phillip. The evil fairy Maleficent then makes her appearance and curses Aurora to die before her sixteenth birthday by pricking her finger on the spindle of a spinning wheel in retribution for not being invited to the celebration.", "They use their magical powers to help both Princess Aurora and Prince Phillip. Prince Phillip is Aurora's true love, voiced by Bill Shirley. Phillip is based on the prince from the original French fairy tale that appears a hundred years after the princess is put to sleep by Maleficent's curse, having heard the story of the sleeping princess, and entered the castle. He trembled upon seeing the princess's beauty and fell on his knees before her. He kissed her, then she woke up, and then everyone lived happily ever after. Unlike The Prince from \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" and Prince Charming from \"Cinderella\", Phillip was the first prince in Disney theatrical animated features to be given a proper name and a full character. At Aurora's birth, it was said that Phillip would marry the princess, the daughter of his father's best friend. A young Phillip presents a gift to the infant Aurora at her christening, but is less than impressed when he sees her. The event is interrupted by Maleficent, who appears and curses Aurora, causing the Three Good Fairies to take Aurora into the forest to raise her. Years later, Phillip is riding in the forest and hears Aurora, now known as Briar Rose, singing. He follows her voice and starts singing with her. She tries to run away, but he follows her. By the end of the song, they have fallen in love. However, Aurora realizes she is disobeying her \"aunts\" and leaves, but not before telling Phillip she will be celebrating her birthday at her cottage in the middle of the forest. After being captured by Maleficent and thrown into her dungeon after arriving at Briar Rose's home, the Three Good Fairies rescue him so that he in turn can save Aurora.", "For a number of months, Jackson, Ted Sears, and two story writers underwent a rewrite of the story, which received a lukewarm response from Disney. During the story rewriting process, the story writers felt the original fairy tale's second act felt bizarre and with the wake-up kiss serving as a climactic moment, they decided to concentrate on the first half finding strength in the romance. However, they felt little romance was developed between the strange prince and the princess that the storyboard artists worked out an elaborate sequence in which the king organized a treasure hunt. The idea was eventually dropped when it became too drawn out and drifted from the central storyline. Instead, it was written that Prince Phillip and Princess Aurora would meet in the forest by random chance while Princess Aurora renamed Briar Rose was conversing with the forest animals. Additionally, because the original Perrault tale had the curse last one hundred years, the writers decided to shorten it a few hours with the time spent for Prince Phillip to battle the goons, overcome several obstacles, and fight off against Maleficent transformed into a dragon. The name given to the princess by her royal birth parents is \"Aurora\" (Latin for \"dawn\"), as it was in the original Tchaikovsky ballet. This name occurred in Charles Perrault's version as well, not as the princess's name, but as her daughter's. In hiding, she is called Briar Rose, the name of the princess in the Brothers Grimm's version variant. The prince was given the princely name most familiar to Americans in the 1950s: Prince Phillip. Named after Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the character has the distinction of being the first Disney prince to have a name as the two princes in \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (The Prince) and \"Cinderella\" (Prince Charming) are never named.", "However, Emma and Mary Margaret are also taken with it. The Wraith is transported to the remains of the Enchanted Forest. Prince Phillip and his companion, Mulan, arrive at the ruined palace, and he is able to use true love's kiss to awaken Aurora, but are attacked by the wraith. Prince Phillip attacks the creature, causing the medallion to fall into his hand, thus marking him as the Wraith's next victim. Phillip tells Aurora he is going to look for fire-wood, knowing he will never return to allow the wraith to take his soul. Later, Mulan and Aurora realize he has been marked and find him. Mulan suggests she be given the medallion so she can mark herself and have her soul taken in his place, thus saving Phillip from his fate. He refuses, and allows the Wraith to suck out his soul while Aurora and Mulan look on in horror. After taking Phillip's soul, the Wraith goes back into the medallion. Aurora and Mulan pay their last farewell tribute to Phillip, and the medallion is given to Aurora by Mulan. After Phillip was revived, Aurora likely discarded the medallion to prevent the Wraith from returning. The Memory Stones is an Arendelle item. They are crystals that can be used to remove, store and return other people's memories. The Middlemist Flowers are a Camelot plant species. They used to grow in the village of Oxleigh and were brought to Merlin's village by Nimue. Centuries later, an entire field of middlemists can be found near the Camelot castle. Mirrors are an item typically used to see one's reflection; they exist in all realms capable of producing glass. Their size ranges from being handheld to being big as a doorway.", "Besides this and his television work, Shirley performed on the radio and at various nightclubs across the country. He may or may not have appeared on an episode of \"Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color\" in 1962; the actor may have been similarly named. Shirley was approached by the Walt Disney Company to provide the speaking and singing voice for the character of Prince Phillip in its animated version of Sleeping Beauty. Shirley's singing range was tenor/baritone, and had a youthful quality which was ideal for the voice of the young Prince Phillip. Before they were cast as the voices of Aurora and Phillip, Mary Costa and Shirley were asked to audition together to make sure their voices complemented each other. During the film's production, Shirley and actor Ed Kemmer were used by the Disney animators as live action reference models for Prince Phillip; the animators had them perform many of the sequences from the movie while they drew the character. He had many rehearsals with Mary Costa, who was also providing the voice for Princess Aurora. They acted out their parts just as if they were to appear personally in the finished production. The two even kissed for the sound-track cameras. After their voices were recorded, the animators drew every motion of the characters' lips to fit each enunciated syllable from the actors' mouths, so that viewers would be able to \"see\" the voices and hear them. The animators would draw sixteen drawings for each syllable formed by the lips. Bill would later remember that he said, \"Whoa, Samson!\" to a non-existent horse for a whole day before the sound engineers were satisfied with the inflection. And at that point, Samson had not even been sketched as a horse. Shortly before the film was released, Bill and Mary performed together at the Hollywood Bowl on a Disney themed night in 1958."], "answer": {"text": "After the invasion of Greece by Italy in October 1940, he was transferred from the Indian Ocean to the battleship HMS Valiant in the Mediterranean Fleet.", "answer_start": 644}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Prince Philip join the military?", "answer": {"text": "After leaving Gordonstoun in 1939, Philip joined the Royal Navy,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he serve in any war?", "answer": {"text": "During the Second World War, he continued to serve in the British forces,", "answer_start": 164, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he retire from the forces?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1946, Philip returned to the United Kingdom on the Whelp, and was posted as an instructor at HMS Royal Arthur, the Petty Officers' School in Corsham, Wiltshire.", "answer_start": 485, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Philip go to college?", "answer": {"text": "graduating the next year from the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, as the best cadet in his course.", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d3d99792a4ff45a9937a15bbb906e32e_1_q#5", "question": "Was he in the force with other royals?", "rewrite": "Was Prince Phillip in the British force with other royals?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Besides this and his television work, Shirley performed on the radio and at various nightclubs across the country. He may or may not have appeared on an episode of \"Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color\" in 1962; the actor may have been similarly named. Shirley was approached by the Walt Disney Company to provide the speaking and singing voice for the character of Prince Phillip in its animated version of Sleeping Beauty. Shirley's singing range was tenor/baritone, and had a youthful quality which was ideal for the voice of the young Prince Phillip. Before they were cast as the voices of Aurora and Phillip, Mary Costa and Shirley were asked to audition together to make sure their voices complemented each other. During the film's production, Shirley and actor Ed Kemmer were used by the Disney animators as live action reference models for Prince Phillip; the animators had them perform many of the sequences from the movie while they drew the character. He had many rehearsals with Mary Costa, who was also providing the voice for Princess Aurora. They acted out their parts just as if they were to appear personally in the finished production. The two even kissed for the sound-track cameras. After their voices were recorded, the animators drew every motion of the characters' lips to fit each enunciated syllable from the actors' mouths, so that viewers would be able to \"see\" the voices and hear them. The animators would draw sixteen drawings for each syllable formed by the lips. Bill would later remember that he said, \"Whoa, Samson!\" to a non-existent horse for a whole day before the sound engineers were satisfied with the inflection. And at that point, Samson had not even been sketched as a horse. Shortly before the film was released, Bill and Mary performed together at the Hollywood Bowl on a Disney themed night in 1958.", "In the original \"Kingdom Hearts\", Enchanted Dominion has been swallowed by the Heartless, and Phillip himself has disappeared, but is presumably restored after Sora defeats \"Ansem\" at the end of the game. Phillip is one of the many Disney characters that appear in the TV series \"Disney's House of Mouse\". He also appears in theme-parks and live events. Phillip is featured in the \"Disney Heroes\" franchise, a toyline similar but much less successful than the Disney Princess franchise. Phillip and Maleficent in dragon form appear in stylized versions, somehow different from their regular appearance. A live-action version of Prince Phillip appeared in Disney's live-action film \"Maleficent\", portrayed by Brenton Thwaites. In this interpretation, Phillip is sent by his father, King John of Ulstead, to King Stefan's castle on a business matter, but encounters Aurora along the way. Although they do not marry in the end, their relationship is left with the potential to become something deeper. In \"\", Harris Dickinson portrayed Phillip since Thwaites was unable to reprise the role due to scheduling conflicts. King Stefan is Aurora's father, voiced by Taylor Holmes in his last role. The film begins with a description of his kingdom and his marriage, and how happy he and his wife, Queen Leah, were with the birth of their daughter. A celebration is organized to present Aurora to the kingdom and Stefan's best friend, King Hubert, is invited. At the celebration, Aurora is betrothed to Hubert's son, Prince Phillip. The evil fairy Maleficent then makes her appearance and curses Aurora to die before her sixteenth birthday by pricking her finger on the spindle of a spinning wheel in retribution for not being invited to the celebration.", "However, Emma and Mary Margaret are also taken with it. The Wraith is transported to the remains of the Enchanted Forest. Prince Phillip and his companion, Mulan, arrive at the ruined palace, and he is able to use true love's kiss to awaken Aurora, but are attacked by the wraith. Prince Phillip attacks the creature, causing the medallion to fall into his hand, thus marking him as the Wraith's next victim. Phillip tells Aurora he is going to look for fire-wood, knowing he will never return to allow the wraith to take his soul. Later, Mulan and Aurora realize he has been marked and find him. Mulan suggests she be given the medallion so she can mark herself and have her soul taken in his place, thus saving Phillip from his fate. He refuses, and allows the Wraith to suck out his soul while Aurora and Mulan look on in horror. After taking Phillip's soul, the Wraith goes back into the medallion. Aurora and Mulan pay their last farewell tribute to Phillip, and the medallion is given to Aurora by Mulan. After Phillip was revived, Aurora likely discarded the medallion to prevent the Wraith from returning. The Memory Stones is an Arendelle item. They are crystals that can be used to remove, store and return other people's memories. The Middlemist Flowers are a Camelot plant species. They used to grow in the village of Oxleigh and were brought to Merlin's village by Nimue. Centuries later, an entire field of middlemists can be found near the Camelot castle. Mirrors are an item typically used to see one's reflection; they exist in all realms capable of producing glass. Their size ranges from being handheld to being big as a doorway.", "For a number of months, Jackson, Ted Sears, and two story writers underwent a rewrite of the story, which received a lukewarm response from Disney. During the story rewriting process, the story writers felt the original fairy tale's second act felt bizarre and with the wake-up kiss serving as a climactic moment, they decided to concentrate on the first half finding strength in the romance. However, they felt little romance was developed between the strange prince and the princess that the storyboard artists worked out an elaborate sequence in which the king organized a treasure hunt. The idea was eventually dropped when it became too drawn out and drifted from the central storyline. Instead, it was written that Prince Phillip and Princess Aurora would meet in the forest by random chance while Princess Aurora renamed Briar Rose was conversing with the forest animals. Additionally, because the original Perrault tale had the curse last one hundred years, the writers decided to shorten it a few hours with the time spent for Prince Phillip to battle the goons, overcome several obstacles, and fight off against Maleficent transformed into a dragon. The name given to the princess by her royal birth parents is \"Aurora\" (Latin for \"dawn\"), as it was in the original Tchaikovsky ballet. This name occurred in Charles Perrault's version as well, not as the princess's name, but as her daughter's. In hiding, she is called Briar Rose, the name of the princess in the Brothers Grimm's version variant. The prince was given the princely name most familiar to Americans in the 1950s: Prince Phillip. Named after Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the character has the distinction of being the first Disney prince to have a name as the two princes in \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (The Prince) and \"Cinderella\" (Prince Charming) are never named.", "They use their magical powers to help both Princess Aurora and Prince Phillip. Prince Phillip is Aurora's true love, voiced by Bill Shirley. Phillip is based on the prince from the original French fairy tale that appears a hundred years after the princess is put to sleep by Maleficent's curse, having heard the story of the sleeping princess, and entered the castle. He trembled upon seeing the princess's beauty and fell on his knees before her. He kissed her, then she woke up, and then everyone lived happily ever after. Unlike The Prince from \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" and Prince Charming from \"Cinderella\", Phillip was the first prince in Disney theatrical animated features to be given a proper name and a full character. At Aurora's birth, it was said that Phillip would marry the princess, the daughter of his father's best friend. A young Phillip presents a gift to the infant Aurora at her christening, but is less than impressed when he sees her. The event is interrupted by Maleficent, who appears and curses Aurora, causing the Three Good Fairies to take Aurora into the forest to raise her. Years later, Phillip is riding in the forest and hears Aurora, now known as Briar Rose, singing. He follows her voice and starts singing with her. She tries to run away, but he follows her. By the end of the song, they have fallen in love. However, Aurora realizes she is disobeying her \"aunts\" and leaves, but not before telling Phillip she will be celebrating her birthday at her cottage in the middle of the forest. After being captured by Maleficent and thrown into her dungeon after arriving at Briar Rose's home, the Three Good Fairies rescue him so that he in turn can save Aurora."], "answer": {"text": "two of his brothers-in-law, Prince Christoph of Hesse and Berthold, Margrave of Baden, fought on the opposing German side.", "answer_start": 244}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Prince Philip join the military?", "answer": {"text": "After leaving Gordonstoun in 1939, Philip joined the Royal Navy,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he serve in any war?", "answer": {"text": "During the Second World War, he continued to serve in the British forces,", "answer_start": 164, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he retire from the forces?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1946, Philip returned to the United Kingdom on the Whelp, and was posted as an instructor at HMS Royal Arthur, the Petty Officers' School in Corsham, Wiltshire.", "answer_start": 485, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Philip go to college?", "answer": {"text": "graduating the next year from the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, as the best cadet in his course.", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other wars that he was involved in?", "answer": {"text": "After the invasion of Greece by Italy in October 1940, he was transferred from the Indian Ocean to the battleship HMS Valiant in the Mediterranean Fleet.", "answer_start": 644, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d3d99792a4ff45a9937a15bbb906e32e_1_q#6", "question": "Was Philip ever promoted while in the force?", "rewrite": "Was Prince Philip ever promoted while in the British force?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Parkway (St. John's) The Parkway is a major arterial road in the city of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. It consists of three distinct roads that form a single through route: Columbus Drive, Prince Philip Drive, and Macdonald Drive. A four-lane limited-access road with a speed limit of 70 km/h along most of its length, the parkway begins at an intersection with Pitts Memorial Drive in the city's west end and terminates at Logy Bay Road in the east end. Columbus Drive runs in a general south-to-north direction from Pitts Memorial Drive to Thorburn Road. It passes Bowring Park, the Village Mall, the edge of the west end residential area, and the Avalon Mall. Also known as the Crosstown Arterial, Columbus Drive was constructed in order to improve traffic circulation in the city by linking Kenmount Road and Prince Philip Drive with Topsail Road and Pitts Memorial Drive. Built on land purchased by the city in 1970, the road was opened in December 1981. Prince Philip Drive, constructed in the late 1960s, runs in an east-west direction from Thorburn Road to Portugal Cove Road. Passing through Pippy Park, Prince Philip Drive provides access to several significant institutions: the Health Sciences Centre and Janeway Children's Hospital, the CBC's St. John's studios, the main Memorial University of Newfoundland campus, the St. John's Arts and Culture Centre, the Confederation Building, and the College of the North Atlantic. Macdonald Drive runs in an east-west direction from Portugal Cove Road to Logy Bay Road. Unlike Columbus Drive and Prince Philip Drive, Macdonald Drive is not a limited-access road and is intersected by several residential side streets. In 2006, seven of the ten most dangerous intersections in the city of St. John's were located on the Parkway.", "Prince Philip Medal The Prince Philip Medal is named after Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who is the Senior Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (RAE). In 1989 Prince Philip agreed to the commissioning of solid gold medals to be \"awarded periodically to an engineer of any nationality who has made an exceptional contribution to engineering as a whole through practice, management or education. \" The first of these medals was awarded in 1991 to Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle. The Prince Philip medal is awarded through the Royal Academy of Engineering. Nominations are opened around September each year. Candidates can be from any nationality and hence it is an international award. Although it is an annual award, at times when there is no qualified candidate, the medal is not awarded. Winners include people from industry and university. Previous recipients of the Prince Philip medal were: Another different medal also known as the Prince Philip medal is the City and Guilds Institute of London Gold Medal, awarded by the City & Guilds.", "Letters Patent were issued on 22 February 1957 giving the Duke the style and titular dignity of a Prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (omitting the wording \"and Her other Realms and Territories\"). According to the announcement in the \"London Gazette\", he should henceforth be known as \"His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh\", with the capitalised definite article normally restricted to the children of monarchs. The media cultivated speculation in early 2007 that the title of \"Prince Consort\" might be conferred to mark the royal couple's 60th wedding anniversary in November that year; however, this did not occur. Prince Philip's promotion in 2015 from Companion to Knight of the Order of Australia caused the eruption of some political controversy in Australia. Prime Minister Tony Abbott's recommendation (via Sir Peter Cosgrove) to the Queen to confer this reward upon her husband was vehemently criticised by the Labor opposition leader, Bill Shorten, among others. However, various ministers and editorials supported his award of an honour. Awards worn regularly by Prince Philip are noted in the above tables and are worn in accordance with customary British conventions applicable to the occasion, the location and to the form of dress worn. Awards not specifically noted are worn by Prince Philip on appropriate occasions relating to the country that made the award, again in accordance with UK conventions. The current ribbons worn by Prince Philip are as follows: Notes on wear", "They were also instructed not to refer to their parents as \"father\" and \"mother\" any more but as \"oyakata\" and \"okamisan\" (coach and coach's wife). K\u014dji initially wrestled under the name Takahanada, and it was understood that he would only be allowed to adopt his father's \"shikona\" of Takanohana (meaning \"noble flower\") when he reached the champion \"\u014dzeki\" rank. Their early career attracted much publicity, with each divisional promotion regarded by the media as part of an inevitable rise to the top ranks. Takahanada's progress was rapid and he set numerous age-related records, including the youngest ever \"makushita\" division tournament champion (16 years 9 months), youngest ever promoted to the second highest \"j\u016bry\u014d\" division (17 years 3 months), and the youngest ever promoted to the top \"makuuchi\" division (17 years 8 months). In March 1991, in his fourth top division tournament, Takahanada was runner-up with twelve wins, and became the youngest ever \"sansh\u014d\" or special prize winner, receiving awards for Fighting Spirit and Technique. In the following tournament in May 1991 he defeated veteran \"yokozuna\" Chiyonofuji in a match watched by 44 percent of the Japanese population on TV, and became the youngest ever to defeat a \"yokozuna.\" Chiyonofuji retired two days afterwards. In January 1992, he became the youngest ever top division tournament champion (19 years 5 months). He was too young to drink the celebratory sake at the after tournament party, and had to make do with oolong tea instead.", "Prince Philip Movement The Prince Philip Movement is a religious sect followed by the Kastom people around Yaohnanen village on the southern island of Tanna in Vanuatu. It is a cargo cult of the Yaohnanen tribe, who believe that Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the consort to Queen Elizabeth II, is a divine being. According to ancient Yaohnanen tales, the son of a mountain spirit travelled over the seas to a distant land. There, he married a powerful woman and in time would return to them. He was sometimes said to be a brother to John Frum. The people of the Yaohnanen area believe that Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the consort to Queen Elizabeth II, is a divine being. They had seen the respect accorded to Queen Elizabeth II by the colonial officials and concluded that her husband, Prince Philip, must be the son referred to in their legends. It is unclear just when this belief came about, but it was probably some time in the 1950s or 1960s. It was strengthened by the royal couple's official visit to Vanuatu in 1974, when a few villagers had the opportunity to actually see Prince Philip from a distance. The Prince was not then aware of the sect, but it was brought to his attention several years later by John Champion, the British Resident Commissioner in the New Hebrides. Champion suggested that Prince Philip send them a portrait of himself. He agreed and sent a signed official photograph. The villagers responded by sending him a traditional pig-killing club called a \"nal-nal\". In compliance with their request, the Prince sent a photograph of himself posing with the club. Another photograph was sent in 2000. All three photographs were kept by Chief Jack Naiva, who died in 2009. Anne, Princess Royal, visited Tanna in October 2014. She is the only daughter of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip."], "answer": {"text": "Philip was appointed as a midshipman in January 1940.", "answer_start": 367}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Prince Philip join the military?", "answer": {"text": "After leaving Gordonstoun in 1939, Philip joined the Royal Navy,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he serve in any war?", "answer": {"text": "During the Second World War, he continued to serve in the British forces,", "answer_start": 164, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he retire from the forces?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1946, Philip returned to the United Kingdom on the Whelp, and was posted as an instructor at HMS Royal Arthur, the Petty Officers' School in Corsham, Wiltshire.", "answer_start": 485, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Philip go to college?", "answer": {"text": "graduating the next year from the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, as the best cadet in his course.", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other wars that he was involved in?", "answer": {"text": "After the invasion of Greece by Italy in October 1940, he was transferred from the Indian Ocean to the battleship HMS Valiant in the Mediterranean Fleet.", "answer_start": 644, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he in the force with other royals?", "answer": {"text": "two of his brothers-in-law, Prince Christoph of Hesse and Berthold, Margrave of Baden, fought on the opposing German side.", "answer_start": 244, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d3d99792a4ff45a9937a15bbb906e32e_1_q#7", "question": "are there any interesting aspects in the article?", "rewrite": "other than Prince Phillip going to college and being in the British Forces, are there any interesting aspects in the article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["However, Emma and Mary Margaret are also taken with it. The Wraith is transported to the remains of the Enchanted Forest. Prince Phillip and his companion, Mulan, arrive at the ruined palace, and he is able to use true love's kiss to awaken Aurora, but are attacked by the wraith. Prince Phillip attacks the creature, causing the medallion to fall into his hand, thus marking him as the Wraith's next victim. Phillip tells Aurora he is going to look for fire-wood, knowing he will never return to allow the wraith to take his soul. Later, Mulan and Aurora realize he has been marked and find him. Mulan suggests she be given the medallion so she can mark herself and have her soul taken in his place, thus saving Phillip from his fate. He refuses, and allows the Wraith to suck out his soul while Aurora and Mulan look on in horror. After taking Phillip's soul, the Wraith goes back into the medallion. Aurora and Mulan pay their last farewell tribute to Phillip, and the medallion is given to Aurora by Mulan. After Phillip was revived, Aurora likely discarded the medallion to prevent the Wraith from returning. The Memory Stones is an Arendelle item. They are crystals that can be used to remove, store and return other people's memories. The Middlemist Flowers are a Camelot plant species. They used to grow in the village of Oxleigh and were brought to Merlin's village by Nimue. Centuries later, an entire field of middlemists can be found near the Camelot castle. Mirrors are an item typically used to see one's reflection; they exist in all realms capable of producing glass. Their size ranges from being handheld to being big as a doorway.", "Besides this and his television work, Shirley performed on the radio and at various nightclubs across the country. He may or may not have appeared on an episode of \"Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color\" in 1962; the actor may have been similarly named. Shirley was approached by the Walt Disney Company to provide the speaking and singing voice for the character of Prince Phillip in its animated version of Sleeping Beauty. Shirley's singing range was tenor/baritone, and had a youthful quality which was ideal for the voice of the young Prince Phillip. Before they were cast as the voices of Aurora and Phillip, Mary Costa and Shirley were asked to audition together to make sure their voices complemented each other. During the film's production, Shirley and actor Ed Kemmer were used by the Disney animators as live action reference models for Prince Phillip; the animators had them perform many of the sequences from the movie while they drew the character. He had many rehearsals with Mary Costa, who was also providing the voice for Princess Aurora. They acted out their parts just as if they were to appear personally in the finished production. The two even kissed for the sound-track cameras. After their voices were recorded, the animators drew every motion of the characters' lips to fit each enunciated syllable from the actors' mouths, so that viewers would be able to \"see\" the voices and hear them. The animators would draw sixteen drawings for each syllable formed by the lips. Bill would later remember that he said, \"Whoa, Samson!\" to a non-existent horse for a whole day before the sound engineers were satisfied with the inflection. And at that point, Samson had not even been sketched as a horse. Shortly before the film was released, Bill and Mary performed together at the Hollywood Bowl on a Disney themed night in 1958.", "They use their magical powers to help both Princess Aurora and Prince Phillip. Prince Phillip is Aurora's true love, voiced by Bill Shirley. Phillip is based on the prince from the original French fairy tale that appears a hundred years after the princess is put to sleep by Maleficent's curse, having heard the story of the sleeping princess, and entered the castle. He trembled upon seeing the princess's beauty and fell on his knees before her. He kissed her, then she woke up, and then everyone lived happily ever after. Unlike The Prince from \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" and Prince Charming from \"Cinderella\", Phillip was the first prince in Disney theatrical animated features to be given a proper name and a full character. At Aurora's birth, it was said that Phillip would marry the princess, the daughter of his father's best friend. A young Phillip presents a gift to the infant Aurora at her christening, but is less than impressed when he sees her. The event is interrupted by Maleficent, who appears and curses Aurora, causing the Three Good Fairies to take Aurora into the forest to raise her. Years later, Phillip is riding in the forest and hears Aurora, now known as Briar Rose, singing. He follows her voice and starts singing with her. She tries to run away, but he follows her. By the end of the song, they have fallen in love. However, Aurora realizes she is disobeying her \"aunts\" and leaves, but not before telling Phillip she will be celebrating her birthday at her cottage in the middle of the forest. After being captured by Maleficent and thrown into her dungeon after arriving at Briar Rose's home, the Three Good Fairies rescue him so that he in turn can save Aurora.", "For a number of months, Jackson, Ted Sears, and two story writers underwent a rewrite of the story, which received a lukewarm response from Disney. During the story rewriting process, the story writers felt the original fairy tale's second act felt bizarre and with the wake-up kiss serving as a climactic moment, they decided to concentrate on the first half finding strength in the romance. However, they felt little romance was developed between the strange prince and the princess that the storyboard artists worked out an elaborate sequence in which the king organized a treasure hunt. The idea was eventually dropped when it became too drawn out and drifted from the central storyline. Instead, it was written that Prince Phillip and Princess Aurora would meet in the forest by random chance while Princess Aurora renamed Briar Rose was conversing with the forest animals. Additionally, because the original Perrault tale had the curse last one hundred years, the writers decided to shorten it a few hours with the time spent for Prince Phillip to battle the goons, overcome several obstacles, and fight off against Maleficent transformed into a dragon. The name given to the princess by her royal birth parents is \"Aurora\" (Latin for \"dawn\"), as it was in the original Tchaikovsky ballet. This name occurred in Charles Perrault's version as well, not as the princess's name, but as her daughter's. In hiding, she is called Briar Rose, the name of the princess in the Brothers Grimm's version variant. The prince was given the princely name most familiar to Americans in the 1950s: Prince Phillip. Named after Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the character has the distinction of being the first Disney prince to have a name as the two princes in \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (The Prince) and \"Cinderella\" (Prince Charming) are never named.", "In the original \"Kingdom Hearts\", Enchanted Dominion has been swallowed by the Heartless, and Phillip himself has disappeared, but is presumably restored after Sora defeats \"Ansem\" at the end of the game. Phillip is one of the many Disney characters that appear in the TV series \"Disney's House of Mouse\". He also appears in theme-parks and live events. Phillip is featured in the \"Disney Heroes\" franchise, a toyline similar but much less successful than the Disney Princess franchise. Phillip and Maleficent in dragon form appear in stylized versions, somehow different from their regular appearance. A live-action version of Prince Phillip appeared in Disney's live-action film \"Maleficent\", portrayed by Brenton Thwaites. In this interpretation, Phillip is sent by his father, King John of Ulstead, to King Stefan's castle on a business matter, but encounters Aurora along the way. Although they do not marry in the end, their relationship is left with the potential to become something deeper. In \"\", Harris Dickinson portrayed Phillip since Thwaites was unable to reprise the role due to scheduling conflicts. King Stefan is Aurora's father, voiced by Taylor Holmes in his last role. The film begins with a description of his kingdom and his marriage, and how happy he and his wife, Queen Leah, were with the birth of their daughter. A celebration is organized to present Aurora to the kingdom and Stefan's best friend, King Hubert, is invited. At the celebration, Aurora is betrothed to Hubert's son, Prince Phillip. The evil fairy Maleficent then makes her appearance and curses Aurora to die before her sixteenth birthday by pricking her finger on the spindle of a spinning wheel in retribution for not being invited to the celebration."], "answer": {"text": "On 1 February 1941, he was commissioned as a sub-lieutenant after a series of courses at Portsmouth,", "answer_start": 798}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Prince Philip join the military?", "answer": {"text": "After leaving Gordonstoun in 1939, Philip joined the Royal Navy,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he serve in any war?", "answer": {"text": "During the Second World War, he continued to serve in the British forces,", "answer_start": 164, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he retire from the forces?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1946, Philip returned to the United Kingdom on the Whelp, and was posted as an instructor at HMS Royal Arthur, the Petty Officers' School in Corsham, Wiltshire.", "answer_start": 485, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Philip go to college?", "answer": {"text": "graduating the next year from the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, as the best cadet in his course.", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other wars that he was involved in?", "answer": {"text": "After the invasion of Greece by Italy in October 1940, he was transferred from the Indian Ocean to the battleship HMS Valiant in the Mediterranean Fleet.", "answer_start": 644, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he in the force with other royals?", "answer": {"text": "two of his brothers-in-law, Prince Christoph of Hesse and Berthold, Margrave of Baden, fought on the opposing German side.", "answer_start": 244, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Philip ever promoted while in the force?", "answer": {"text": "Philip was appointed as a midshipman in January 1940.", "answer_start": 367, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d3d99792a4ff45a9937a15bbb906e32e_1_q#8", "question": "What was the highest grade that he got to while in the navy?", "rewrite": "What was the highest grade that Prince Phillip got to while in the navy?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["They use their magical powers to help both Princess Aurora and Prince Phillip. Prince Phillip is Aurora's true love, voiced by Bill Shirley. Phillip is based on the prince from the original French fairy tale that appears a hundred years after the princess is put to sleep by Maleficent's curse, having heard the story of the sleeping princess, and entered the castle. He trembled upon seeing the princess's beauty and fell on his knees before her. He kissed her, then she woke up, and then everyone lived happily ever after. Unlike The Prince from \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" and Prince Charming from \"Cinderella\", Phillip was the first prince in Disney theatrical animated features to be given a proper name and a full character. At Aurora's birth, it was said that Phillip would marry the princess, the daughter of his father's best friend. A young Phillip presents a gift to the infant Aurora at her christening, but is less than impressed when he sees her. The event is interrupted by Maleficent, who appears and curses Aurora, causing the Three Good Fairies to take Aurora into the forest to raise her. Years later, Phillip is riding in the forest and hears Aurora, now known as Briar Rose, singing. He follows her voice and starts singing with her. She tries to run away, but he follows her. By the end of the song, they have fallen in love. However, Aurora realizes she is disobeying her \"aunts\" and leaves, but not before telling Phillip she will be celebrating her birthday at her cottage in the middle of the forest. After being captured by Maleficent and thrown into her dungeon after arriving at Briar Rose's home, the Three Good Fairies rescue him so that he in turn can save Aurora.", "However, Emma and Mary Margaret are also taken with it. The Wraith is transported to the remains of the Enchanted Forest. Prince Phillip and his companion, Mulan, arrive at the ruined palace, and he is able to use true love's kiss to awaken Aurora, but are attacked by the wraith. Prince Phillip attacks the creature, causing the medallion to fall into his hand, thus marking him as the Wraith's next victim. Phillip tells Aurora he is going to look for fire-wood, knowing he will never return to allow the wraith to take his soul. Later, Mulan and Aurora realize he has been marked and find him. Mulan suggests she be given the medallion so she can mark herself and have her soul taken in his place, thus saving Phillip from his fate. He refuses, and allows the Wraith to suck out his soul while Aurora and Mulan look on in horror. After taking Phillip's soul, the Wraith goes back into the medallion. Aurora and Mulan pay their last farewell tribute to Phillip, and the medallion is given to Aurora by Mulan. After Phillip was revived, Aurora likely discarded the medallion to prevent the Wraith from returning. The Memory Stones is an Arendelle item. They are crystals that can be used to remove, store and return other people's memories. The Middlemist Flowers are a Camelot plant species. They used to grow in the village of Oxleigh and were brought to Merlin's village by Nimue. Centuries later, an entire field of middlemists can be found near the Camelot castle. Mirrors are an item typically used to see one's reflection; they exist in all realms capable of producing glass. Their size ranges from being handheld to being big as a doorway.", "For a number of months, Jackson, Ted Sears, and two story writers underwent a rewrite of the story, which received a lukewarm response from Disney. During the story rewriting process, the story writers felt the original fairy tale's second act felt bizarre and with the wake-up kiss serving as a climactic moment, they decided to concentrate on the first half finding strength in the romance. However, they felt little romance was developed between the strange prince and the princess that the storyboard artists worked out an elaborate sequence in which the king organized a treasure hunt. The idea was eventually dropped when it became too drawn out and drifted from the central storyline. Instead, it was written that Prince Phillip and Princess Aurora would meet in the forest by random chance while Princess Aurora renamed Briar Rose was conversing with the forest animals. Additionally, because the original Perrault tale had the curse last one hundred years, the writers decided to shorten it a few hours with the time spent for Prince Phillip to battle the goons, overcome several obstacles, and fight off against Maleficent transformed into a dragon. The name given to the princess by her royal birth parents is \"Aurora\" (Latin for \"dawn\"), as it was in the original Tchaikovsky ballet. This name occurred in Charles Perrault's version as well, not as the princess's name, but as her daughter's. In hiding, she is called Briar Rose, the name of the princess in the Brothers Grimm's version variant. The prince was given the princely name most familiar to Americans in the 1950s: Prince Phillip. Named after Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the character has the distinction of being the first Disney prince to have a name as the two princes in \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (The Prince) and \"Cinderella\" (Prince Charming) are never named.", "Besides this and his television work, Shirley performed on the radio and at various nightclubs across the country. He may or may not have appeared on an episode of \"Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color\" in 1962; the actor may have been similarly named. Shirley was approached by the Walt Disney Company to provide the speaking and singing voice for the character of Prince Phillip in its animated version of Sleeping Beauty. Shirley's singing range was tenor/baritone, and had a youthful quality which was ideal for the voice of the young Prince Phillip. Before they were cast as the voices of Aurora and Phillip, Mary Costa and Shirley were asked to audition together to make sure their voices complemented each other. During the film's production, Shirley and actor Ed Kemmer were used by the Disney animators as live action reference models for Prince Phillip; the animators had them perform many of the sequences from the movie while they drew the character. He had many rehearsals with Mary Costa, who was also providing the voice for Princess Aurora. They acted out their parts just as if they were to appear personally in the finished production. The two even kissed for the sound-track cameras. After their voices were recorded, the animators drew every motion of the characters' lips to fit each enunciated syllable from the actors' mouths, so that viewers would be able to \"see\" the voices and hear them. The animators would draw sixteen drawings for each syllable formed by the lips. Bill would later remember that he said, \"Whoa, Samson!\" to a non-existent horse for a whole day before the sound engineers were satisfied with the inflection. And at that point, Samson had not even been sketched as a horse. Shortly before the film was released, Bill and Mary performed together at the Hollywood Bowl on a Disney themed night in 1958.", "In the original \"Kingdom Hearts\", Enchanted Dominion has been swallowed by the Heartless, and Phillip himself has disappeared, but is presumably restored after Sora defeats \"Ansem\" at the end of the game. Phillip is one of the many Disney characters that appear in the TV series \"Disney's House of Mouse\". He also appears in theme-parks and live events. Phillip is featured in the \"Disney Heroes\" franchise, a toyline similar but much less successful than the Disney Princess franchise. Phillip and Maleficent in dragon form appear in stylized versions, somehow different from their regular appearance. A live-action version of Prince Phillip appeared in Disney's live-action film \"Maleficent\", portrayed by Brenton Thwaites. In this interpretation, Phillip is sent by his father, King John of Ulstead, to King Stefan's castle on a business matter, but encounters Aurora along the way. Although they do not marry in the end, their relationship is left with the potential to become something deeper. In \"\", Harris Dickinson portrayed Phillip since Thwaites was unable to reprise the role due to scheduling conflicts. King Stefan is Aurora's father, voiced by Taylor Holmes in his last role. The film begins with a description of his kingdom and his marriage, and how happy he and his wife, Queen Leah, were with the birth of their daughter. A celebration is organized to present Aurora to the kingdom and Stefan's best friend, King Hubert, is invited. At the celebration, Aurora is betrothed to Hubert's son, Prince Phillip. The evil fairy Maleficent then makes her appearance and curses Aurora to die before her sixteenth birthday by pricking her finger on the spindle of a spinning wheel in retribution for not being invited to the celebration."], "answer": {"text": "Promotion to lieutenant followed on 16 July 1942.", "answer_start": 1557}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Prince Philip join the military?", "answer": {"text": "After leaving Gordonstoun in 1939, Philip joined the Royal Navy,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he serve in any war?", "answer": {"text": "During the Second World War, he continued to serve in the British forces,", "answer_start": 164, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he retire from the forces?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1946, Philip returned to the United Kingdom on the Whelp, and was posted as an instructor at HMS Royal Arthur, the Petty Officers' School in Corsham, Wiltshire.", "answer_start": 485, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Philip go to college?", "answer": {"text": "graduating the next year from the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, as the best cadet in his course.", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other wars that he was involved in?", "answer": {"text": "After the invasion of Greece by Italy in October 1940, he was transferred from the Indian Ocean to the battleship HMS Valiant in the Mediterranean Fleet.", "answer_start": 644, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he in the force with other royals?", "answer": {"text": "two of his brothers-in-law, Prince Christoph of Hesse and Berthold, Margrave of Baden, fought on the opposing German side.", "answer_start": 244, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Philip ever promoted while in the force?", "answer": {"text": "Philip was appointed as a midshipman in January 1940.", "answer_start": 367, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "are there any interesting aspects in the article?", "answer": {"text": "On 1 February 1941, he was commissioned as a sub-lieutenant after a series of courses at Portsmouth,", "answer_start": 798, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d3d99792a4ff45a9937a15bbb906e32e_1_q#9", "question": "Could you name a ship that he had beeen on when serving?", "rewrite": "Could you name a ship that Prince Phillip had been on when serving the British Forces?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Besides this and his television work, Shirley performed on the radio and at various nightclubs across the country. He may or may not have appeared on an episode of \"Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color\" in 1962; the actor may have been similarly named. Shirley was approached by the Walt Disney Company to provide the speaking and singing voice for the character of Prince Phillip in its animated version of Sleeping Beauty. Shirley's singing range was tenor/baritone, and had a youthful quality which was ideal for the voice of the young Prince Phillip. Before they were cast as the voices of Aurora and Phillip, Mary Costa and Shirley were asked to audition together to make sure their voices complemented each other. During the film's production, Shirley and actor Ed Kemmer were used by the Disney animators as live action reference models for Prince Phillip; the animators had them perform many of the sequences from the movie while they drew the character. He had many rehearsals with Mary Costa, who was also providing the voice for Princess Aurora. They acted out their parts just as if they were to appear personally in the finished production. The two even kissed for the sound-track cameras. After their voices were recorded, the animators drew every motion of the characters' lips to fit each enunciated syllable from the actors' mouths, so that viewers would be able to \"see\" the voices and hear them. The animators would draw sixteen drawings for each syllable formed by the lips. Bill would later remember that he said, \"Whoa, Samson!\" to a non-existent horse for a whole day before the sound engineers were satisfied with the inflection. And at that point, Samson had not even been sketched as a horse. Shortly before the film was released, Bill and Mary performed together at the Hollywood Bowl on a Disney themed night in 1958.", "In the original \"Kingdom Hearts\", Enchanted Dominion has been swallowed by the Heartless, and Phillip himself has disappeared, but is presumably restored after Sora defeats \"Ansem\" at the end of the game. Phillip is one of the many Disney characters that appear in the TV series \"Disney's House of Mouse\". He also appears in theme-parks and live events. Phillip is featured in the \"Disney Heroes\" franchise, a toyline similar but much less successful than the Disney Princess franchise. Phillip and Maleficent in dragon form appear in stylized versions, somehow different from their regular appearance. A live-action version of Prince Phillip appeared in Disney's live-action film \"Maleficent\", portrayed by Brenton Thwaites. In this interpretation, Phillip is sent by his father, King John of Ulstead, to King Stefan's castle on a business matter, but encounters Aurora along the way. Although they do not marry in the end, their relationship is left with the potential to become something deeper. In \"\", Harris Dickinson portrayed Phillip since Thwaites was unable to reprise the role due to scheduling conflicts. King Stefan is Aurora's father, voiced by Taylor Holmes in his last role. The film begins with a description of his kingdom and his marriage, and how happy he and his wife, Queen Leah, were with the birth of their daughter. A celebration is organized to present Aurora to the kingdom and Stefan's best friend, King Hubert, is invited. At the celebration, Aurora is betrothed to Hubert's son, Prince Phillip. The evil fairy Maleficent then makes her appearance and curses Aurora to die before her sixteenth birthday by pricking her finger on the spindle of a spinning wheel in retribution for not being invited to the celebration.", "They use their magical powers to help both Princess Aurora and Prince Phillip. Prince Phillip is Aurora's true love, voiced by Bill Shirley. Phillip is based on the prince from the original French fairy tale that appears a hundred years after the princess is put to sleep by Maleficent's curse, having heard the story of the sleeping princess, and entered the castle. He trembled upon seeing the princess's beauty and fell on his knees before her. He kissed her, then she woke up, and then everyone lived happily ever after. Unlike The Prince from \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" and Prince Charming from \"Cinderella\", Phillip was the first prince in Disney theatrical animated features to be given a proper name and a full character. At Aurora's birth, it was said that Phillip would marry the princess, the daughter of his father's best friend. A young Phillip presents a gift to the infant Aurora at her christening, but is less than impressed when he sees her. The event is interrupted by Maleficent, who appears and curses Aurora, causing the Three Good Fairies to take Aurora into the forest to raise her. Years later, Phillip is riding in the forest and hears Aurora, now known as Briar Rose, singing. He follows her voice and starts singing with her. She tries to run away, but he follows her. By the end of the song, they have fallen in love. However, Aurora realizes she is disobeying her \"aunts\" and leaves, but not before telling Phillip she will be celebrating her birthday at her cottage in the middle of the forest. After being captured by Maleficent and thrown into her dungeon after arriving at Briar Rose's home, the Three Good Fairies rescue him so that he in turn can save Aurora.", "For a number of months, Jackson, Ted Sears, and two story writers underwent a rewrite of the story, which received a lukewarm response from Disney. During the story rewriting process, the story writers felt the original fairy tale's second act felt bizarre and with the wake-up kiss serving as a climactic moment, they decided to concentrate on the first half finding strength in the romance. However, they felt little romance was developed between the strange prince and the princess that the storyboard artists worked out an elaborate sequence in which the king organized a treasure hunt. The idea was eventually dropped when it became too drawn out and drifted from the central storyline. Instead, it was written that Prince Phillip and Princess Aurora would meet in the forest by random chance while Princess Aurora renamed Briar Rose was conversing with the forest animals. Additionally, because the original Perrault tale had the curse last one hundred years, the writers decided to shorten it a few hours with the time spent for Prince Phillip to battle the goons, overcome several obstacles, and fight off against Maleficent transformed into a dragon. The name given to the princess by her royal birth parents is \"Aurora\" (Latin for \"dawn\"), as it was in the original Tchaikovsky ballet. This name occurred in Charles Perrault's version as well, not as the princess's name, but as her daughter's. In hiding, she is called Briar Rose, the name of the princess in the Brothers Grimm's version variant. The prince was given the princely name most familiar to Americans in the 1950s: Prince Phillip. Named after Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the character has the distinction of being the first Disney prince to have a name as the two princes in \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (The Prince) and \"Cinderella\" (Prince Charming) are never named.", "However, Emma and Mary Margaret are also taken with it. The Wraith is transported to the remains of the Enchanted Forest. Prince Phillip and his companion, Mulan, arrive at the ruined palace, and he is able to use true love's kiss to awaken Aurora, but are attacked by the wraith. Prince Phillip attacks the creature, causing the medallion to fall into his hand, thus marking him as the Wraith's next victim. Phillip tells Aurora he is going to look for fire-wood, knowing he will never return to allow the wraith to take his soul. Later, Mulan and Aurora realize he has been marked and find him. Mulan suggests she be given the medallion so she can mark herself and have her soul taken in his place, thus saving Phillip from his fate. He refuses, and allows the Wraith to suck out his soul while Aurora and Mulan look on in horror. After taking Phillip's soul, the Wraith goes back into the medallion. Aurora and Mulan pay their last farewell tribute to Phillip, and the medallion is given to Aurora by Mulan. After Phillip was revived, Aurora likely discarded the medallion to prevent the Wraith from returning. The Memory Stones is an Arendelle item. They are crystals that can be used to remove, store and return other people's memories. The Middlemist Flowers are a Camelot plant species. They used to grow in the village of Oxleigh and were brought to Merlin's village by Nimue. Centuries later, an entire field of middlemists can be found near the Camelot castle. Mirrors are an item typically used to see one's reflection; they exist in all realms capable of producing glass. Their size ranges from being handheld to being big as a doorway."], "answer": {"text": "stoking the boilers of the troop transport ship RMS Empress of Russia.", "answer_start": 1277}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Prince Philip join the military?", "answer": {"text": "After leaving Gordonstoun in 1939, Philip joined the Royal Navy,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he serve in any war?", "answer": {"text": "During the Second World War, he continued to serve in the British forces,", "answer_start": 164, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he retire from the forces?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1946, Philip returned to the United Kingdom on the Whelp, and was posted as an instructor at HMS Royal Arthur, the Petty Officers' School in Corsham, Wiltshire.", "answer_start": 485, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Philip go to college?", "answer": {"text": "graduating the next year from the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, as the best cadet in his course.", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other wars that he was involved in?", "answer": {"text": "After the invasion of Greece by Italy in October 1940, he was transferred from the Indian Ocean to the battleship HMS Valiant in the Mediterranean Fleet.", "answer_start": 644, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he in the force with other royals?", "answer": {"text": "two of his brothers-in-law, Prince Christoph of Hesse and Berthold, Margrave of Baden, fought on the opposing German side.", "answer_start": 244, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Philip ever promoted while in the force?", "answer": {"text": "Philip was appointed as a midshipman in January 1940.", "answer_start": 367, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "are there any interesting aspects in the article?", "answer": {"text": "On 1 February 1941, he was commissioned as a sub-lieutenant after a series of courses at Portsmouth,", "answer_start": 798, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the highest grade that he got to while in the navy?", "answer": {"text": "Promotion to lieutenant followed on 16 July 1942.", "answer_start": 1557, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d3d99792a4ff45a9937a15bbb906e32e_1_q#10", "question": "was he doing the job of stoking the boilers?", "rewrite": "was Prince Phillip doing the job of stoking the boilers?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["For a number of months, Jackson, Ted Sears, and two story writers underwent a rewrite of the story, which received a lukewarm response from Disney. During the story rewriting process, the story writers felt the original fairy tale's second act felt bizarre and with the wake-up kiss serving as a climactic moment, they decided to concentrate on the first half finding strength in the romance. However, they felt little romance was developed between the strange prince and the princess that the storyboard artists worked out an elaborate sequence in which the king organized a treasure hunt. The idea was eventually dropped when it became too drawn out and drifted from the central storyline. Instead, it was written that Prince Phillip and Princess Aurora would meet in the forest by random chance while Princess Aurora renamed Briar Rose was conversing with the forest animals. Additionally, because the original Perrault tale had the curse last one hundred years, the writers decided to shorten it a few hours with the time spent for Prince Phillip to battle the goons, overcome several obstacles, and fight off against Maleficent transformed into a dragon. The name given to the princess by her royal birth parents is \"Aurora\" (Latin for \"dawn\"), as it was in the original Tchaikovsky ballet. This name occurred in Charles Perrault's version as well, not as the princess's name, but as her daughter's. In hiding, she is called Briar Rose, the name of the princess in the Brothers Grimm's version variant. The prince was given the princely name most familiar to Americans in the 1950s: Prince Phillip. Named after Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the character has the distinction of being the first Disney prince to have a name as the two princes in \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (The Prince) and \"Cinderella\" (Prince Charming) are never named.", "They use their magical powers to help both Princess Aurora and Prince Phillip. Prince Phillip is Aurora's true love, voiced by Bill Shirley. Phillip is based on the prince from the original French fairy tale that appears a hundred years after the princess is put to sleep by Maleficent's curse, having heard the story of the sleeping princess, and entered the castle. He trembled upon seeing the princess's beauty and fell on his knees before her. He kissed her, then she woke up, and then everyone lived happily ever after. Unlike The Prince from \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" and Prince Charming from \"Cinderella\", Phillip was the first prince in Disney theatrical animated features to be given a proper name and a full character. At Aurora's birth, it was said that Phillip would marry the princess, the daughter of his father's best friend. A young Phillip presents a gift to the infant Aurora at her christening, but is less than impressed when he sees her. The event is interrupted by Maleficent, who appears and curses Aurora, causing the Three Good Fairies to take Aurora into the forest to raise her. Years later, Phillip is riding in the forest and hears Aurora, now known as Briar Rose, singing. He follows her voice and starts singing with her. She tries to run away, but he follows her. By the end of the song, they have fallen in love. However, Aurora realizes she is disobeying her \"aunts\" and leaves, but not before telling Phillip she will be celebrating her birthday at her cottage in the middle of the forest. After being captured by Maleficent and thrown into her dungeon after arriving at Briar Rose's home, the Three Good Fairies rescue him so that he in turn can save Aurora.", "In the original \"Kingdom Hearts\", Enchanted Dominion has been swallowed by the Heartless, and Phillip himself has disappeared, but is presumably restored after Sora defeats \"Ansem\" at the end of the game. Phillip is one of the many Disney characters that appear in the TV series \"Disney's House of Mouse\". He also appears in theme-parks and live events. Phillip is featured in the \"Disney Heroes\" franchise, a toyline similar but much less successful than the Disney Princess franchise. Phillip and Maleficent in dragon form appear in stylized versions, somehow different from their regular appearance. A live-action version of Prince Phillip appeared in Disney's live-action film \"Maleficent\", portrayed by Brenton Thwaites. In this interpretation, Phillip is sent by his father, King John of Ulstead, to King Stefan's castle on a business matter, but encounters Aurora along the way. Although they do not marry in the end, their relationship is left with the potential to become something deeper. In \"\", Harris Dickinson portrayed Phillip since Thwaites was unable to reprise the role due to scheduling conflicts. King Stefan is Aurora's father, voiced by Taylor Holmes in his last role. The film begins with a description of his kingdom and his marriage, and how happy he and his wife, Queen Leah, were with the birth of their daughter. A celebration is organized to present Aurora to the kingdom and Stefan's best friend, King Hubert, is invited. At the celebration, Aurora is betrothed to Hubert's son, Prince Phillip. The evil fairy Maleficent then makes her appearance and curses Aurora to die before her sixteenth birthday by pricking her finger on the spindle of a spinning wheel in retribution for not being invited to the celebration.", "Ecotrust Canada Ecotrust Canada is a Canadian charity with offices in Vancouver and Prince Rupert, BC. Ecotrust Canada was founded in 1995 as an offshoot of the US-based Ecotrust. While the two organizations are financially and operationally separate, they maintain a close relationship through their shared bioregional approach to conservation and development. In 2010, Ian Gill left his position as President of Ecotrust Canada to assume the role of CEO of the newly founded Ecotrust Australia, operated as a separate yet affiliated organization. Ecotrust Australia closed in 2012. Ecotrust Canada's Board of Directors provides guidance and oversight for the organization. The Board is independent and wholly voluntary. As of June 2016, it consists of: In 2013, Charity Intelligence Canada selected Ecotrust Canada as one of the top 7 environmental charities in Canada. Ecotrust Canada was also selected by the Coady International Institute at St. Francis Xavier University as one of 11 case studies from Canada and the US demonstrating successful citizen-led sustainable change. Former President, Brenda Kuecks, received a Clean50 Award in 2013 for her work in promoting sustainable development and clean capitalism in Canada. In 2008, she received a BC Community Achievement Award from Premier Gordon Campbell. In 2008, Ecotrust Canada received a Special Achievement in GIS award from ESRI in recognition of the organization's work with the Aboriginal Mapping Network. It previously won the award in 2004 for work with the Council of the Haida Nation to establish the Haida Mapping Office.", "Besides this and his television work, Shirley performed on the radio and at various nightclubs across the country. He may or may not have appeared on an episode of \"Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color\" in 1962; the actor may have been similarly named. Shirley was approached by the Walt Disney Company to provide the speaking and singing voice for the character of Prince Phillip in its animated version of Sleeping Beauty. Shirley's singing range was tenor/baritone, and had a youthful quality which was ideal for the voice of the young Prince Phillip. Before they were cast as the voices of Aurora and Phillip, Mary Costa and Shirley were asked to audition together to make sure their voices complemented each other. During the film's production, Shirley and actor Ed Kemmer were used by the Disney animators as live action reference models for Prince Phillip; the animators had them perform many of the sequences from the movie while they drew the character. He had many rehearsals with Mary Costa, who was also providing the voice for Princess Aurora. They acted out their parts just as if they were to appear personally in the finished production. The two even kissed for the sound-track cameras. After their voices were recorded, the animators drew every motion of the characters' lips to fit each enunciated syllable from the actors' mouths, so that viewers would be able to \"see\" the voices and hear them. The animators would draw sixteen drawings for each syllable formed by the lips. Bill would later remember that he said, \"Whoa, Samson!\" to a non-existent horse for a whole day before the sound engineers were satisfied with the inflection. And at that point, Samson had not even been sketched as a horse. Shortly before the film was released, Bill and Mary performed together at the Hollywood Bowl on a Disney themed night in 1958."], "answer": {"text": "Duties of lesser glory included stoking the boilers of the troop transport ship RMS Empress of Russia.", "answer_start": 1245}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Prince Philip join the military?", "answer": {"text": "After leaving Gordonstoun in 1939, Philip joined the Royal Navy,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he serve in any war?", "answer": {"text": "During the Second World War, he continued to serve in the British forces,", "answer_start": 164, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he retire from the forces?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1946, Philip returned to the United Kingdom on the Whelp, and was posted as an instructor at HMS Royal Arthur, the Petty Officers' School in Corsham, Wiltshire.", "answer_start": 485, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Philip go to college?", "answer": {"text": "graduating the next year from the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, as the best cadet in his course.", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other wars that he was involved in?", "answer": {"text": "After the invasion of Greece by Italy in October 1940, he was transferred from the Indian Ocean to the battleship HMS Valiant in the Mediterranean Fleet.", "answer_start": 644, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he in the force with other royals?", "answer": {"text": "two of his brothers-in-law, Prince Christoph of Hesse and Berthold, Margrave of Baden, fought on the opposing German side.", "answer_start": 244, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Philip ever promoted while in the force?", "answer": {"text": "Philip was appointed as a midshipman in January 1940.", "answer_start": 367, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "are there any interesting aspects in the article?", "answer": {"text": "On 1 February 1941, he was commissioned as a sub-lieutenant after a series of courses at Portsmouth,", "answer_start": 798, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the highest grade that he got to while in the navy?", "answer": {"text": "Promotion to lieutenant followed on 16 July 1942.", "answer_start": 1557, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Could you name a ship that he had beeen on when serving?", "answer": {"text": "stoking the boilers of the troop transport ship RMS Empress of Russia.", "answer_start": 1277, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d3d99792a4ff45a9937a15bbb906e32e_1_q#11", "question": "What was his grade level when stoking the boilers?", "rewrite": "What was Prince Phillip's grade level when stoking the boilers?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Among the school's third graders, 62.3% were on grade level in reading and 45.3% showed on grade level mathematics skills. Canton Area Elementary School PSSA mandated testing results were: 69% of students in 6th grade were on grade level in reading, while 40% of students demonstrated on grade level mathematics skills. In 5th grade, 64% of students were on grade level in reading, while 41% of students demonstrated on grade level mathematics skills. In 4th grade, 63% were on grade level in reading, while just 47% demonstrated on grade level math skills. In science, 60% of fourth grade pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding of science concepts in the state standards. Among the school's third graders, 65% were on grade level in reading and 40% showed on grade level mathematics skills. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 55% of 5th grade students at Canton Area Elementary School were on grade level in reading on the PSSAs given in April 2015. In mathematics, 41% of 5th grade students showed on grade level skills. No fifth grade writing scores were reported. In 4th grade, 63% were on grade level in reading, while 39% showed on grade level math skills. In science, 84% of fourth graders showed on grade level understanding. Among third (3rd) graders, 71.8% were on grade level in reading and 50% were on grade level in mathematics. Among 6th graders, 65% were on grade level in reading and 47% were on grade level in mathematics. Statewide 61.9% of fifth (5th) graders were reported on grade level in reading, while just 42.8% demonstrated on grade level math skills. Pennsylvania 4th graders were 58.6% on grade level in reading and 44.4% demonstrated on grade level math skills. In science, 77.3% of fourth graders showed on grade level understanding.", "It was reported that 63.6% of 8th grade students at Fell Charter School students were on grade level in reading on the PSSAs given in April 2015. In math/Algebra 1, none of 8th grade students showed on grade level skills. In science, 54% of the school\u2019s 8th graders demonstrated on grade level science understanding. No eighth grade writing scores were reported. In 7th grade, 78% were on grade level in reading, while 43% showed on grade level math skills. Among 6th graders, 54% were on grade level in reading and 23% were on grade level in mathematics. Among fifth graders, 44% of 5th grade students were on grade level in reading. In mathematics, 17% of 5th grade students showed on grade level skills. No fifth grade writing scores were reported. In 4th grade, 53% were on grade level in reading, while 25% showed on grade level math skills. In science, 81% of fourth graders showed on grade level understanding. Among third (3rd) graders, 54.5% were on grade level in reading and 27% were on grade level in mathematics. Statewide 58% of eighth (8th) graders were on grade level in reading, while 29% demonstrated on grade level math skills. Pennsylvania 7th graders were 58% on grade level in reading and 33% demonstrated on grade level math skills. Among sixth (6th) graders, 60.7% were reading on grade level, while 39.7% demonstrated on grade level math skills. Statewide 61.9% of fifth (5th) graders were on grade level in reading, while 42.8% demonstrated on grade level math skills. In 4th grade, % were on grade level in reading, while % showed on grade level math skills. In science, % of fourth graders showed on grade level understanding.", "Oaklyn School PSSA mandated testing results were: 76% of students in 6th grade were on grade level in reading, while just 51% of sixth grade students demonstrated on grade level mathematics skills. Sixty-eight percent of students in 5th grade were on grade level in reading, while only 40% of students demonstrated on grade level mathematics skills. In 4th grade, 77% were on grade level in reading, while 61% demonstrated on grade level math skills. In science, 81% of fourth grade pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding of science concepts in the state standards. Among the school's third graders, 74% were on grade level in reading and 63% showed on grade level mathematics skills. Among Oaklyn School, 6th graders, 75% were on grade level in reading and 55% were on grade level in mathematics. Seventy-four percent of 5th grade students were on grade level in reading. In mathematics, 41% of 5th grade students showed on grade level skills. No fifth grade writing scores were reported. In 4th grade, 71% were on grade level in reading, while 46% showed on grade level math skills. In science, 92% of fourth graders showed on grade level understanding. Among third (3rd) graders, 75% were on grade level in reading and 64% were on grade level in mathematics. Oaklyn School achieved a score of 82.4 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2013-14, only 77% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd through 5th. In 3rd grade, 79% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 79.8% were on grade level (3rd-5th grades). In 4th grade science, just 84% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing, only 60% of 5th grade pupils demonstrated on grade level skills.", "In 4th grade, 59% were on grade level in reading, while just 37% demonstrated on grade level math skills. In science, 81% of fourth grade pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding of science concepts in the state standards. Among the school's third graders, 88% were on grade level in reading and 60% showed on grade level mathematics skills. In the Commonwealth, just 60% of third graders were reading on grade level. Among Pennsylvania 4th graders 58% were reading on grade level and 61% of fifth graders were reading on grade level. At Clark Wood Elementary School, 57% of sixth graders were on grade level in reading and 32% were on grade level in mathematics. Additionally, 67% of 5th grade students were on grade level in reading on the PSSAs given in April 2015. In mathematics, 33% of 5th grade students showed on grade level skills. No fifth grade writing scores were reported. In 4th grade, just 47% were on grade level in reading, while 5% showed on grade level math skills. In science, 83% of fourth graders showed on grade level understanding. Among third (3rd) graders, 73% were on grade level in reading and 20% were on grade level in mathematics. Statewide 61.9% of fifth (5th) graders were on grade level in reading, while 42.8% demonstrated on grade level math skills. Pennsylvania 4th graders were 58.6% on grade level in reading and 44.4% demonstrated on grade level math skills. In science, 77.3% of fourth graders showed on grade level understanding. Among Pennsylvania third (3rd) graders, 62% were reading on grade level, while 48.5% demonstrated on grade level math skills. Clark Wood Elementary School achieved a score of 78.7 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement.", "Ward L Myers Elementary School PSSA mandated testing results were: 73% of students in 5th grade were on grade level in reading, while 59% of students demonstrated on grade level mathematics skills. In fifth grade, 76% of students in 5th grade were on grade level in reading and 60% of students demonstrated on grade level mathematics skills. In 4th grade, 70% were on grade level in reading, while 56% demonstrated on grade level math skills. In science, 91% of fourth grade pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding of science concepts in the state standards. Among the school's third graders, 68% were on grade level in reading and 61% showed on grade level mathematics skills. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 76% of 5th grade students at Ward L. Myers Elementary School were on grade level in reading on the PSSAs given in April 2015. In mathematics, 56% of 5th grade students showed on grade level skills. No fifth grade writing scores were reported. In 4th grade, 79% were on grade level in reading, while 63% showed on grade level math skills. In science, 85% of fourth graders showed on grade level understanding. Among third (3rd) graders, 78% were on grade level in reading and 67% were on grade level in mathematics. Among 6th graders, 69% were on grade level in reading and 44% were on grade level in mathematics. Statewide 61.9% of fifth (5th) graders were on grade level in reading, while 42.8% demonstrated on grade level math skills. Pennsylvania 4th graders were 58.6% on grade level in reading and 44.4% demonstrated on grade level math skills. In science, 77.3% of fourth graders showed on grade level understanding. Among Pennsylvania third (3rd) graders, 62% were reading on grade level, while 48.5% demonstrated on grade level math skills."], "answer": {"text": "On 1 February 1941, he was commissioned as a sub-lieutenant after a series of courses at Portsmouth,", "answer_start": 798}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Prince Philip join the military?", "answer": {"text": "After leaving Gordonstoun in 1939, Philip joined the Royal Navy,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he serve in any war?", "answer": {"text": "During the Second World War, he continued to serve in the British forces,", "answer_start": 164, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he retire from the forces?", "answer": {"text": "In January 1946, Philip returned to the United Kingdom on the Whelp, and was posted as an instructor at HMS Royal Arthur, the Petty Officers' School in Corsham, Wiltshire.", "answer_start": 485, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Philip go to college?", "answer": {"text": "graduating the next year from the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, as the best cadet in his course.", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other wars that he was involved in?", "answer": {"text": "After the invasion of Greece by Italy in October 1940, he was transferred from the Indian Ocean to the battleship HMS Valiant in the Mediterranean Fleet.", "answer_start": 644, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he in the force with other royals?", "answer": {"text": "two of his brothers-in-law, Prince Christoph of Hesse and Berthold, Margrave of Baden, fought on the opposing German side.", "answer_start": 244, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Philip ever promoted while in the force?", "answer": {"text": "Philip was appointed as a midshipman in January 1940.", "answer_start": 367, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "are there any interesting aspects in the article?", "answer": {"text": "On 1 February 1941, he was commissioned as a sub-lieutenant after a series of courses at Portsmouth,", "answer_start": 798, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the highest grade that he got to while in the navy?", "answer": {"text": "Promotion to lieutenant followed on 16 July 1942.", "answer_start": 1557, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Could you name a ship that he had beeen on when serving?", "answer": {"text": "stoking the boilers of the troop transport ship RMS Empress of Russia.", "answer_start": 1277, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he doing the job of stoking the boilers?", "answer": {"text": "Duties of lesser glory included stoking the boilers of the troop transport ship RMS Empress of Russia.", "answer_start": 1245, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2cbd5eea38464adea5e61fb9d88fd486_0_q#0", "question": "Can you tell me about the general critical reception to Jame's Bilsh's work?", "rewrite": "Can you tell me about the general critical reception to Jame's Bilsh's work?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A full-page article published in Jame'eh in June 1998, entitled \"Religion, Freedom, and Law,\" was written by a cleric living in the holy city of Qum, who expanded on Khatami's famous statement that \"if religion goes against freedom, it will lose.\" Another issue in June quoted in its headline an announcement made by Khatami to a gathering of Revolutionary Guards: \"Society cannot be moved forward by instilling fear.\" However, the government suspended the publishing license for \"Jame'eh\". The journal's name was changed to \"Tous\", and Shamsolvaezin kept publishing. Following a trial, Jame'eh was permanently closed. Shamsolvaezin and Hamid Reza Jalaeipour, the director of the publishing company for \"Jame'eh\", were jailed without charges for thirty-five days. After his release from jail, Shamsolvaezin founded \"Neshat\", another independent newspaper. In September 1999, Neshat was ordered closed and Shamsolvaezin was ordered arrested, after he wrote an article critical of capital punishment in Iran. However, Shamsolvaezin was not imprisoned until November, and in the interim Shamsolvaezin received a license for, founded, and started publication of \"Asr-e Azadegan\" (Age of the Free People), which was soon also closed by the Teheran Press Court. All of Shamsolvaezin's journals published articles written by authors with a wide spectrum of political opinions, including conservatives as well as exiled dissidents and reformists. Shamsolvaezin was a recipient of the 2000 CPJ International Press Freedom Award, given by the Committee to Protect Journalists.", "The magazine published a groundbreaking series of articles by Abdulkarim Soroush, \"The Theoretical Contraction and Expansion of Religion,\" which laid the foundation for Soroush's influential philosophy of religious modernism. Following controversy over Soroush's articles, the magazine's editorial board was forced to resign, and \"Kayhan-i Farhangi\" was closed in 1990. In 1991, \"Kayhan-i Farhangi\" was re-opened in compliance with the cultural policy of the regime and under a new editorial board. Meanwhile, the old editorial board of \"Kayhan-i Farhangi\" founded a new journal named \"Kiyan\", with Shamsolvaezin as editor in chief. \"Kayhan\" was ordered closed by Tehran's Press Court on January 17, 2001. Judge Saeed Mortazavi, head of the press court, claimed that \"Kiyan\" had \"\"published lies, disturbed public opinion and insulted sacred law.\" In 1998, Shamsolvaezin left Kayhan to serve as editor in chief of a new daily newspaper Jame'eh (Society). Jame'eh gained 300,000 readers after just 7 months of publication, becoming the country's second most widely read newspaper. Jame'eh, which was printed in color, was called \"Iran's first civil society newspaper\" in advertisements. The readers of Jame'eh were largely young, well-educated, and progressive. The success of this bold, independent newspaper encouraged the establishment of many of other independent newspapers in Iran. Jame'eh focused attention on the importance of freedom of speech and healthy civil debate.", "Gornje Jame massacre The Gornje Jame massacre was the killing 15 Croat civilians in the village of Gornje Jame, near Glina. The massacre committed by Serbian paramilitary forces called \"\u0160iltovi\". Among the killed and one Serb Gojko Pavlovi\u0107 who defended their Croat neighbors. Three Croats man were imprisoned on 3 November 1991, and then also gunned down on a crook between Donje and Gornje Jame. They were exhumed and buried in 1996. In Gornje Jame 1991 lived 17 Croats, 24 Serbs and 3 others. Armed members of the paramilitary formation '\u0160iltovi' on 11 December 1991 entered the houseof Mate Kireta and assembled 12 Croat civilians by force, including 7 women and 3 under agedchildren two sisters Nikolina (9) and \u017deljka Fabac (14) and Darko Dvorenkovi\u0107 (10). Among the victims were 3 women from Mala Solina, Donje Jame and Ha\u0111er, who took refuge at their cousins'. Precise circumstances of the suffering remain unknown, so as the fate of the women. There are speculations they were murdered and burned in the house of Mate Kireta, but the other assumption is they were taken alive to an unknown place where they were killed, with their bodies thrown in the mud to conceal the traces of the crime. Gojko Pavlovi\u0107 Serb from Donje Jame was gunned down while trying to protect his Croat neighbours. Three Croats man from Gornje Jame were imprisoned on 3 November 1991, and then also gunned down on a crook between Donje and Gornje Jame. They were exhumed and buried in 1996. In Gornje Jame 2012 discovered a monument to victims of massacre.", "Jame Jam TV Jame Jam TV is one of three television channels airing programs for Iranians living outside Iran. The channel broadcasts TV series which are shown domestically in Iran. The channel was originally consisting of three channels under the Jame Jam branding, each broadcasting to a different part of the world; Jame Jam 1 broadcasting to Europe, Jame Jam 2 broadcasting to North America, and Jame Jam 3 broadcasting to Asia and Oceania. From 17 January 2015, the three channels merged as a single channel. As of 2019 it broadcasts via satellite on Galaxy 19 97\u00b0W (for North America), Hot Bird 13\u00b0E (for Europe), Badr 5 26\u00b0E (for Iran & Central/South/West Asia). It should not be confused with the California-based Jaam-e-Jam channel which was created by Iranians who left after the revolution.", "Neurocritical Care Society The Neurocritical Care Society (NCS) is an international, multidisciplinary medical society first established in 1999. The Society is dedicated to improving the care and outcomes of patients with life-threatening neurologic illnesses in the intensive care unit. Common illnesses requiring neurocritical care include ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage, traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, coma, and status epilepticus. Its members are health professionals providing care to critically ill and injured patients. The Society supports research and education, and advocates on issues related to neurointensive care, neurocritical care, and general critical care. The society's headquarters is located in Minneapolis, Minnesota USA. Although a great percentage of the members are healthcare practitioners in the USA, the society is international and includes members from multiple healthcare disciplines all over the world History of NCS The Neurocritical Care Society was formed in 2002 with Dr. Thomas P. Bleck as the founding president. The society\u2019s first annual meeting was held in Phoenix, AZ in February 2003, and it has expanded to a current membership in excess of 1000 members. NCS is an interdisciplinary society, with membership roles spanning multiple physician disciplines, nursing, advanced practice providers, pharmacists and other allied health providers who specialize in the care of patients with severe neurological illness. In the early years, the path to physician board certification in neurocritical care often involved dual residency training in neurology as well as internal medicine because critical care experience was not available to neurology residents. Fellowship training in neurocritical care now constitutes a minimum of 2 years with focused training in general critical care and neurologic critical care."], "answer": {"text": "His critiques were published in \"fanzines\" in the 1950s under the pseudonym William Atheling, Jr.", "answer_start": 365}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_2cbd5eea38464adea5e61fb9d88fd486_0_q#1", "question": "What is the greatest legacy of James Blish?", "rewrite": "What is the greatest legacy of James Blish?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Milford Writer's Workshop The Milford Writer's Workshop, or more properly Milford Writers' Conference, is an annual science fiction writer's event founded by Damon Knight, among others, in the mid-1950s, in Milford, Pennsylvania. It was so named because Knight, Judith Merril, and James Blish lived in Milford, Pennsylvania when it was founded. It moved to the United Kingdom in 1972 and has run successfully ever since on an annual basis. Judith Merril, James Blish, and Damon Knight founded the Milford Writer's Conference in 1956. It is both a residential workshop and a writers' conference in which published science fiction writers convene over the course of a week to intensively critique stories and samples from novels (usually works in progress) and to workshop ideas on all aspects of SF writing. It is a peer-to-peer conference with no teachers or students. Milford and related entities like \"Science Fiction Forum\" presaged the creation of the Science Fiction Writers of America in 1965 and that decade's New Wave movement. In 1972, Blish set up the United Kingdom Milford SF Writers' Conference, which initially met in Milford on Sea, Hampshire. Since then it has been held in various locations, latterly Devon until 2001, York in 2002 and 2003, and (since 2004) at Trigonos Conference Centre in North Wales, usually in mid September. An honorary committee is elected annually at the AGM held during the Milford week. The 2015 committee (elected 2014) comprised: Sue Thomason (Chair), Liz Williams (Secretary), Tina Anghelatos (Treasurer), Jacey Bedford (Vice-Chair, Website and Mailing Lists), Kari Sperring, and Karen Williams. Committee members are listed on the workshop's official web site.", "The Futurians still occasionally appeared in \"Science Fiction Quarterly\", but Lowndes also attracted some of the newer writers, such as Poul Anderson, William Tenn, and Arthur C. Clarke. Clarke's \"Second Dawn\", which appeared in the August 1951 issue, is among the better stories Lowndes was able to obtain; he also published Isaac Asimov's \"The Last Question\" in the November 1956 issue, and James Blish's \"Common Time\", in August 1953. Lowndes was also able to acquire some good quality nonfiction for the magazine, including a series of articles by James Blish on science in sf, and articles on science fiction by Thomas D. Clareson and L. Sprague de Camp. Blish, writing as William Atheling, Jr., commented in 1953 that Lowndes was doing a \"surprisingly good job\" with all of Silberkleit's science fiction magazines, despite the low rates and the slow payment to authors. Charles Hornig was the editor of the first two issues of the first incarnation of \"Science Fiction Quarterly\"; Robert W. Lowndes edited all the subsequent issues. The magazine was printed in pulp format throughout both series. The price was 25 cents throughout the first run, for 144 pages; the second series began at 25 cents, but the price increased to 35 cents for the August 1957 issue. The page count for the second series was 128 pages for much of the run, but from the November 1953 issue to the May 1957 issue it was 96 pages. The publisher for the first issue was Double Action Magazines, with offices in Holyoke, Massachusetts; thereafter the publisher was Columbia Publications for both versions of the magazine. Both Double Action and Columbia were owned by Louis Silberkleit. There were three British reprints of the first series, all published by Gerald Swan.", "Star Trek Lives! Star Trek Lives! (1975) is a reference work that explored the relationship between the \"\" television series, and the fandom that emerged following the series' cancellation. Co-written by Jacqueline Lichtenberg, Sondra Marshak, and Joan Winston, and published by Bantam Books. The book is among the earliest publications to discuss \"Star Trek\" convention culture, fan clubs, and fanzines. The ninth chapter contains an essay by Lichtenberg and Marshak on the fan fiction. Jacqueline Lichtenberg, a professionally published author whose Kraith fan fiction was regularly published by fanzines, explored the possibility of selling an article, or series of articles, to newspapers concerning the growing \"Star Trek\" fandom. She began research in late 1971. While building a directory on fan clubs, their activities, and the growing number of fan published newsletters, and fanzines, she realized there was more potential for a reference book on the subject than a newspaper article. Science fiction fanzines had existed prior to \"Star Trek\", however their focus was on publishing articles, research pieces, and letters from fans. \" Star Trek\" fanzines were also publishing fan fiction, some of which Lichtenberg believed was comparable to the television series. A query package was assembled by Lichtenberg, and shared with publishers. However, the query was rejected by all, including by Frederick Pohl at Bantam Books, who were publishing a series episode novelizations by James Blish, and who had also published Blish's original \"Star Trek\" novel, \"Spock Must Die!\" (1970). Only after James Blish had failed to deliver a new \"Star Trek\" novel, did Pohl agree to buy Lichtenberg's book without having seen a draft.", "Blish was among the first literary critics of science fiction, and he judged works in the genre by the standards applied to \"serious\" literature. He took to task his fellow authors for deficiencies, such as bad grammar and a misunderstanding of scientific concepts, and the magazine editors, who accepted and published such material without editorial intervention. His critiques were published in \"fanzines\" in the 1950s under the pseudonym William Atheling, Jr. The essays were collected in The Issue at Hand (1964) and More Issues at Hand (1970). Reviewing The Issue at Hand, Algis Budrys said that Atheling had, along with Damon Knight, \"transformed the reviewer's trade in this field\". He described the persona of Atheling as \"acidulous, assertive, categorical, conscientious and occasionally idiosyncratic\". Blish was a fan of the works of James Branch Cabell, and for a time edited Kalki, the journal of the Cabell Society. In his works of science fiction, James Blish developed many ideas and terms which have influenced other writers and on occasion have been adopted more widely, such as faster than light communication via the dirac computer, introduced in the short story \"Beep\" (1954). The dirac is comparable to Ursula K. Le Guin's ansible. Blish is also credited with coining the term gas giant, in the story \"Solar Plexus\" as it appeared in the anthology Beyond Human Ken, edited by Judith Merril. The story was originally published in 1941, but did not contain the term. Blish reworked the story, change the description of a large magnetic field to \"a magnetic field of some strength nearby, one that didn't belong to the invisible gas giant revolving half a million miles away\".", "J. A. Lawrence Judith Ann Blish (n\u00e9e Lawrence \u2014 born c. March 1940), known professionally as Judith L. Blish, Judy Blish, and J.A. Lawrence, is an American sketch artist and short fiction writer. She is most well known for her work on the series of \"Star Trek\" episode novelizations, alongside her husband James Blish, published from 1967 to 1978. She has been active in preserving, and promoting her husband's work. Lawrence was born in March 1940 to New York City-based pulp writers Jack Lawrence and Muriel Bodkin. She met science fiction writer James Blish, sometime after his divorce from Virginia Kidd. They married in November 1964. She moved with her husband to Oxford, England, in 1968. Her mother joined them in Oxford sometime later. Following her husband's death in 1975, she moved to Athens, Greece, in 1977 where she currently lives. Lawrence illustrated the covers to editions of \"Black Easter\" and \"The Day After Judgment\". She also sketched the cover of \"Fugue for a Darkening Island\" by Christopher Priest. She contributed two covers to the \"Kalki\" science fiction fanzine, and the cover for the April 1972 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction. Lawrence's short fiction was regularly published by Galaxy Science Fiction, and is included in several short-fiction anthologies. Due to James Blish's failing health in 1975, he was unable to complete the work on the final two \"\" episode novelizations for Bantam Books. Lawrence and her mother, Muriel, had begun contributing sometime in 1972. However, their contributions to the \"Star Trek\" book series were largely uncredited until the release of \"Star Trek 12\" in 1977."], "answer": {"text": "James Blish developed many ideas and terms which have influenced other writers and on occasion have been adopted", "answer_start": 963}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you tell me about the general critical reception to Jame's Bilsh's work?", "answer": {"text": "His critiques were published in \"fanzines\" in the 1950s under the pseudonym William Atheling, Jr.", "answer_start": 365, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fff65b77c14e4effadeb9d14c9be6432_0_q#0", "question": "What can you tell me about Romulus?", "rewrite": "What can you tell me about Romulus?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Romulus the Great Friedrich D\u00fcrrenmatt's play Romulus der Gro\u00dfe ( \"Romulus the Great\", 1950) shows the demise of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century \u2013 taking place during the day of (and the day following) the Ides of March, 476. The ruin of the Empire is calmly expected by the Emperor Romulus Augustulus. Despite the attempts of his ministers and courtiers to force the emperor to take decisive steps against the increasing peril of the Germanic invasion, Romulus prefers to stay at home breeding domesticated chickens and not taking action in response to the threat. The soldier Spurius Titus Mamma arrives at Romulus's run-down country residence, bleeding and exhausted, having ridden day and night to inform the Emperor of the fall of Pavia. Romulus is eventually to be found bartering over the sale of the busts of some of Rome's greatest historical figures. Romulus refuses to receive the news brought to him, instead insisting that Spurius Titus Mamma go to sleep whilst he himself breakfasts. Meanwhile, the Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire Zeno arrives, whose Byzantine Empire has been flooded with German ranks. His initiative is that both sides of Rome unite to fight, yet on seeing Romulus's complacence soon decides he would rather set his resistance campaign in motion from Alexandria, whence he resolves to sail the following day. At this point the rich German trouser manufacturer Caesar Rupf arrives, offering to pay the Germanic forces 10 Million sestertii in return for a retreat, yet only if he can take the Princess Rea as his bride. Romulus refuses this, stating he would readily sell the Empire for a handful of sestertii, but he will not sell his daughter.", "Only the one most like Romulus. Wolverine defeats Romulus, but leaves him alive saying that he will return when he is ready to finish the job. As Wolverine turns his back, Romulus seizes the opportunity to knock Wolverine unconscious with his own sword. Romulus then leaves, but not before telling Wolverine to keep the Muramasa blade: he will need it. After his confrontation with Wolverine he coordinates a successful assassination in Tokyo from what seems to be his base of operations, a European-style castle. It is here that Romulus first begins to doubt his own understanding of Wolverine's actions. Wolverine decides to confront Romulus one last time, using the help of various other heroes and his son Daken. In the end, as Daken is about to kill Romulus, Logan has Cloak teleport him into the Dark Force dimension. For a second Wolverine thinks he should behead Romulus, just like he did with Creed, but in the end he decides to leave him stranded in the Dark Force dimension. However, thanks to Sabretooth's blackmailing life of Dagger, Romulus gets free from his prison. After a losing fight against Romulus, a mysterious woman with long red hair appears and tells Wolverine that the answers that he seeks are at the Weapon X facility. Following his fight with the Sabretooth clones, the mysterious woman appears to Wolverine again. She calls herself Remus and informs him that Romulus is her twin brother. She aids Wolverine in his struggle against Romulus and Sabretooth all while providing Wolverine with information about Romulus. She reveals to Wolverine that Romulus' claim about certain mutants evolving from canines rather than apes (referring to the Lupine) is untrue which Wolverine had long since guessed.", "Daken hinted he complied with the process because of his own agenda. Romulus told Daken to kill all the Weapon X experiments that gave them a healing factor with his Muramasa claws. He killed every one except Deadpool. He appears to have ties with Russian authorities, arranging Omega Red's transfer to a regular Russian prison to set a trap for Wolverine. After Wolverine temporarily subdues Omega Red, he is captured by Wild Child, who reveals that Romulus made Logan and several villains battle each other, his agenda being vaguely described as him needing a successor. Moments after Wolverine uses the Muramasa blade to kill Omega Red, Romulus reveals himself in front of him, prepared for battle with four claws already extended (the three between the knuckles of his fingers and one extending from behind his thumb). Wolverine attacks Romulus but is easily overpowered since he is only using the sword at this point. Romulus slashes and attacks Wolverine from the shadows as he reveals his plans. Telling Wolverine that everything has led up to this moment. Romulus is what Wolverine will become. Pushing Wolverine to the breaking point, he drops the sword and pops his claws, much to Romulus' amusement. However, Wolverine fights back and gains the upper hand and slashes at Romulus' hand, shattering what turned out to be a clawed gauntlet. Seeing that Romulus' claws are fake, Wolverine taunts him saying, \"You're not what I'm gonna become... I'm what you've always wanted to be\". Hearing this, Romulus blindly attacks Wolverine with his remaining claws only to be slashed open by Wolverine. Seemingly beaten, Romulus tells Wolverine that although he is at the top of the food chain, by making Daken in his own image, he has set the stage for a confrontation between Wolverine and his son. Only the most ruthless will survive.", "Romulus (fabulist) Romulus is the author, now considered a legendary figure, of versions of \"Aesop's Fables\" in Latin. These were passed down in Western Europe, and became important school texts, for early education. Romulus is supposed to have lived in the 5th century. The Romulus of medieval tradition therefore represents a number of traditional attributions of Latin manuscripts of beast fables. These are based on prose adaptations of Phaedrus (1st century AD). The \"Romulus\" texts make up the bulk of the medieval 'Aesop'. Scholars identify several strands of manuscripts: These prose works gave rise to versifications: the \"Novus Aesopus\" of Alexander Neckam, the verse \"Romulus\" often attributed to Gualterus Anglicus (\"Romulus of Nevelet\"). Further adaptation and expansion from those works built up the medieval Aesop tradition. The \"Esope\" of Ad\u00e9mar de Chabannes (67 fables) is now considered to derive from the \"Romulus Ordinarius\". The \"Romulus Roberti\" (22 fables) is taken from the Anglo-Latin \"Romulus\", with the four first tales from Marie de France.", "She further reveals that the whole \"Lupine Sapiens\" story was all just an elaborate hoax by her brother intended to be a ruse for his real goal of creating a master race of natural mutants artificially enhanced by a new type of adamantium created using vibranium illegally mined from Wakanda, using Wolverine as a template. After tracking Romulus to his stronghold somewhere in Italy, Wolverine brutally attacks and incapacitates Sabretooth before confronting Romulus. Wolverine finds Romulus immersed within a tank very similar to the one Wolverine was held in during the days of the Weapon X Program. Wolverine breaks open the tank and savagely assaults Romulus with his claws. He gouges away much of the right side of Romulus' face, revealing that the bones beneath have been bonded with adamantium. As Romulus heals, Wolverine asks what the purpose is of becoming an imitation of him. Romulus declares that he is not as he once was, as he has \"taken the best from both Wolverine and Sabretooth\", implying that his animal-like powers were artificially copied from Sabretooth (as his twin sister has none of those traits and her only powers shown is a healing-factor). He reveals that he now has four adamantium claws from both his hands in exactly the same configuration he used on the gauntlets he wore. As he launches into his attack, Romulus says to Wolverine that having Romulus erase his memory and bond the adamantium to his skeleton was actually his idea rather than something that he was forced to endure as he's believed for so long (however, this assertion remains ambiguous). Romulus and Wolverine resume their battle with Wolverine ultimately proving victorious, resulting in Romulus being remanded to the Raft. Little is known about the full extent of Romulus's powers."], "answer": {"text": "Romulus himself was the subject of the famous legend of the suckling she-wolf (lupa) that kept Romulus and his twin Remus alive", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_fff65b77c14e4effadeb9d14c9be6432_0_q#1", "question": "What was this legend about?", "rewrite": "What was the legend about Romulus?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["She further reveals that the whole \"Lupine Sapiens\" story was all just an elaborate hoax by her brother intended to be a ruse for his real goal of creating a master race of natural mutants artificially enhanced by a new type of adamantium created using vibranium illegally mined from Wakanda, using Wolverine as a template. After tracking Romulus to his stronghold somewhere in Italy, Wolverine brutally attacks and incapacitates Sabretooth before confronting Romulus. Wolverine finds Romulus immersed within a tank very similar to the one Wolverine was held in during the days of the Weapon X Program. Wolverine breaks open the tank and savagely assaults Romulus with his claws. He gouges away much of the right side of Romulus' face, revealing that the bones beneath have been bonded with adamantium. As Romulus heals, Wolverine asks what the purpose is of becoming an imitation of him. Romulus declares that he is not as he once was, as he has \"taken the best from both Wolverine and Sabretooth\", implying that his animal-like powers were artificially copied from Sabretooth (as his twin sister has none of those traits and her only powers shown is a healing-factor). He reveals that he now has four adamantium claws from both his hands in exactly the same configuration he used on the gauntlets he wore. As he launches into his attack, Romulus says to Wolverine that having Romulus erase his memory and bond the adamantium to his skeleton was actually his idea rather than something that he was forced to endure as he's believed for so long (however, this assertion remains ambiguous). Romulus and Wolverine resume their battle with Wolverine ultimately proving victorious, resulting in Romulus being remanded to the Raft. Little is known about the full extent of Romulus's powers.", "The legend as a whole encapsulates Rome's ideas of itself, its origins and moral values. For modern scholarship, it remains one of the most complex and problematic of all foundation myths. Ancient historians had no doubt that Romulus gave his name to the city. Most modern historians believe his name is a back-formation from the name of the city. Roman historians dated the city's foundation to between 758 and 728 BC, and Plutarch reports the calculation of Varro\u02bbs friend Tarutius that 771 BC was the birth year of Romulus and his twin. A tradition that gave Romulus a distant ancestor in the semi-divine Trojan prince Aeneas was further embellished, and Romulus was made the direct ancestor of Rome's first Imperial dynasty. It's unclear whether or not the tale of Romulus or that of the twins are original elements of the foundation myth, or whether both or either were added. Ennius (fl. 180s BC) refers to Romulus as a divinity in his own right, without reference to Quirinus. Roman mythographers identified the latter as an originally Sabine war-deity, and thus to be identified with Roman Mars. Lucilius lists Quirinus and Romulus as separate deities, and Varro accords them different temples. Images of Quirinus showed him as a bearded warrior wielding a spear as a god of war, the embodiment of Roman strength and a deified likeness of the city of Rome. He had a Flamen Maior called the Flamen Quirinalis, who oversaw his worship and rituals in the ordainment of Roman religion attributed to Romulus's royal successor, Numa Pompilius. There is however no evidence for the conflated Romulus-Quirinus before the 1st century BC.", "Romulus of Fiesole Saint Romulus of Fiesole () is venerated as the patron saint of Fiesole, Italy. Romulus was probably a local deacon, priest, or bishop of the 1st century. According to tradition, he was a disciple of Saint Peter and had been converted to Christianity by the apostle. This tradition states that Romulus became the first bishop of Fiesole and was martyred during the reign of Domitian along with four companions: Carissimus, Dulcissimus, Marchis(i)anus, and Crescentius. He was not named as a bishop or martyr in documents dating from 966; however, a document from 1028 names him as such. From then on, Romulus was considered a martyred bishop of Fiesole, and his companions were named as Carissimus, Dulcissimus, Marchis(i)anus (Marchiziano), and Crescentius. Their feast day was listed as July 6 in the 1468 Florentine edition of the Martyrology of Usuard, and in the 16th century, his name began to appear in the \"Roman Martyrology\", where he was named as a disciple of Saint Peter. As Antonio Borrelli remarks, sometime between the end of the 10th century and the beginning of the eleventh, Romulus was \"upgraded\" from being considered a Confessor of the Faith to a martyr, possibly by a local abbot named Teuzo. An 11th-century legend associated with him, considered \"worthless\", makes him an illegitimate son of a woman named Lucerna, who had a child with her father's slave, who was named Cyrus. Like the Romulus of ancient Roman legend, this Romulus was also abandoned and suckled by a she-wolf.", "Romulus himself was the subject of the famous legend of the suckling she-wolf (lupa) that kept Romulus and his twin Remus alive in a cave on the Palatine Hill (the Lupercal) after they had been thrown into the river Tiber on the orders of their wicked uncle, Amulius. The latter had usurped the throne of Alba from the twins' grandfather, king Numitor, and then confined their mother, Rhea Silvia, to the Vestal convent. They were washed ashore by the river, and after a few days with the wolf, were rescued by shepherds. Mainstream scholarly opinion regards Romulus as an entirely mythical character, and the legend fictitious. On this view, Romulus was a name fabricated to provide Rome with an eponymous founding hero, a common feature of classical foundation-myths; it is possible that Romulus was named after Rome instead of vice versa. The name contains the Latin diminutive -ulus, so it means simply \"Roman\" or \"little Roman\". It has been suggested that the name \"Roma\" was of Etruscan origin, or that it was derived from the Latin word ruma (\"teat\"), presumably because the shape of the Palatine Hill and/or Capitoline Hill resembled a woman's teats. If Romulus was named after the city, it is more likely that he was historical. Nevertheless, Cornell argues that \"Romulus probably never existed... His biography is a complex mixture of legend and folk-tale, interspersed with antiquarian speculation and political propaganda\".", "Only the one most like Romulus. Wolverine defeats Romulus, but leaves him alive saying that he will return when he is ready to finish the job. As Wolverine turns his back, Romulus seizes the opportunity to knock Wolverine unconscious with his own sword. Romulus then leaves, but not before telling Wolverine to keep the Muramasa blade: he will need it. After his confrontation with Wolverine he coordinates a successful assassination in Tokyo from what seems to be his base of operations, a European-style castle. It is here that Romulus first begins to doubt his own understanding of Wolverine's actions. Wolverine decides to confront Romulus one last time, using the help of various other heroes and his son Daken. In the end, as Daken is about to kill Romulus, Logan has Cloak teleport him into the Dark Force dimension. For a second Wolverine thinks he should behead Romulus, just like he did with Creed, but in the end he decides to leave him stranded in the Dark Force dimension. However, thanks to Sabretooth's blackmailing life of Dagger, Romulus gets free from his prison. After a losing fight against Romulus, a mysterious woman with long red hair appears and tells Wolverine that the answers that he seeks are at the Weapon X facility. Following his fight with the Sabretooth clones, the mysterious woman appears to Wolverine again. She calls herself Remus and informs him that Romulus is her twin brother. She aids Wolverine in his struggle against Romulus and Sabretooth all while providing Wolverine with information about Romulus. She reveals to Wolverine that Romulus' claim about certain mutants evolving from canines rather than apes (referring to the Lupine) is untrue which Wolverine had long since guessed."], "answer": {"text": "alive in a cave on the Palatine Hill (the Lupercal) after they had been thrown into the river Tiber on the orders of their wicked uncle, Amulius.", "answer_start": 122}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about Romulus?", "answer": {"text": "Romulus himself was the subject of the famous legend of the suckling she-wolf (lupa) that kept Romulus and his twin Remus alive", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fff65b77c14e4effadeb9d14c9be6432_0_q#2", "question": "What was a significant aspect of the article that stood out to you?", "rewrite": "What significant aspect of the article about Romulus stood out to you?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Romulus (fabulist) Romulus is the author, now considered a legendary figure, of versions of \"Aesop's Fables\" in Latin. These were passed down in Western Europe, and became important school texts, for early education. Romulus is supposed to have lived in the 5th century. The Romulus of medieval tradition therefore represents a number of traditional attributions of Latin manuscripts of beast fables. These are based on prose adaptations of Phaedrus (1st century AD). The \"Romulus\" texts make up the bulk of the medieval 'Aesop'. Scholars identify several strands of manuscripts: These prose works gave rise to versifications: the \"Novus Aesopus\" of Alexander Neckam, the verse \"Romulus\" often attributed to Gualterus Anglicus (\"Romulus of Nevelet\"). Further adaptation and expansion from those works built up the medieval Aesop tradition. The \"Esope\" of Ad\u00e9mar de Chabannes (67 fables) is now considered to derive from the \"Romulus Ordinarius\". The \"Romulus Roberti\" (22 fables) is taken from the Anglo-Latin \"Romulus\", with the four first tales from Marie de France.", "Only the one most like Romulus. Wolverine defeats Romulus, but leaves him alive saying that he will return when he is ready to finish the job. As Wolverine turns his back, Romulus seizes the opportunity to knock Wolverine unconscious with his own sword. Romulus then leaves, but not before telling Wolverine to keep the Muramasa blade: he will need it. After his confrontation with Wolverine he coordinates a successful assassination in Tokyo from what seems to be his base of operations, a European-style castle. It is here that Romulus first begins to doubt his own understanding of Wolverine's actions. Wolverine decides to confront Romulus one last time, using the help of various other heroes and his son Daken. In the end, as Daken is about to kill Romulus, Logan has Cloak teleport him into the Dark Force dimension. For a second Wolverine thinks he should behead Romulus, just like he did with Creed, but in the end he decides to leave him stranded in the Dark Force dimension. However, thanks to Sabretooth's blackmailing life of Dagger, Romulus gets free from his prison. After a losing fight against Romulus, a mysterious woman with long red hair appears and tells Wolverine that the answers that he seeks are at the Weapon X facility. Following his fight with the Sabretooth clones, the mysterious woman appears to Wolverine again. She calls herself Remus and informs him that Romulus is her twin brother. She aids Wolverine in his struggle against Romulus and Sabretooth all while providing Wolverine with information about Romulus. She reveals to Wolverine that Romulus' claim about certain mutants evolving from canines rather than apes (referring to the Lupine) is untrue which Wolverine had long since guessed.", "Daken hinted he complied with the process because of his own agenda. Romulus told Daken to kill all the Weapon X experiments that gave them a healing factor with his Muramasa claws. He killed every one except Deadpool. He appears to have ties with Russian authorities, arranging Omega Red's transfer to a regular Russian prison to set a trap for Wolverine. After Wolverine temporarily subdues Omega Red, he is captured by Wild Child, who reveals that Romulus made Logan and several villains battle each other, his agenda being vaguely described as him needing a successor. Moments after Wolverine uses the Muramasa blade to kill Omega Red, Romulus reveals himself in front of him, prepared for battle with four claws already extended (the three between the knuckles of his fingers and one extending from behind his thumb). Wolverine attacks Romulus but is easily overpowered since he is only using the sword at this point. Romulus slashes and attacks Wolverine from the shadows as he reveals his plans. Telling Wolverine that everything has led up to this moment. Romulus is what Wolverine will become. Pushing Wolverine to the breaking point, he drops the sword and pops his claws, much to Romulus' amusement. However, Wolverine fights back and gains the upper hand and slashes at Romulus' hand, shattering what turned out to be a clawed gauntlet. Seeing that Romulus' claws are fake, Wolverine taunts him saying, \"You're not what I'm gonna become... I'm what you've always wanted to be\". Hearing this, Romulus blindly attacks Wolverine with his remaining claws only to be slashed open by Wolverine. Seemingly beaten, Romulus tells Wolverine that although he is at the top of the food chain, by making Daken in his own image, he has set the stage for a confrontation between Wolverine and his son. Only the most ruthless will survive.", "She further reveals that the whole \"Lupine Sapiens\" story was all just an elaborate hoax by her brother intended to be a ruse for his real goal of creating a master race of natural mutants artificially enhanced by a new type of adamantium created using vibranium illegally mined from Wakanda, using Wolverine as a template. After tracking Romulus to his stronghold somewhere in Italy, Wolverine brutally attacks and incapacitates Sabretooth before confronting Romulus. Wolverine finds Romulus immersed within a tank very similar to the one Wolverine was held in during the days of the Weapon X Program. Wolverine breaks open the tank and savagely assaults Romulus with his claws. He gouges away much of the right side of Romulus' face, revealing that the bones beneath have been bonded with adamantium. As Romulus heals, Wolverine asks what the purpose is of becoming an imitation of him. Romulus declares that he is not as he once was, as he has \"taken the best from both Wolverine and Sabretooth\", implying that his animal-like powers were artificially copied from Sabretooth (as his twin sister has none of those traits and her only powers shown is a healing-factor). He reveals that he now has four adamantium claws from both his hands in exactly the same configuration he used on the gauntlets he wore. As he launches into his attack, Romulus says to Wolverine that having Romulus erase his memory and bond the adamantium to his skeleton was actually his idea rather than something that he was forced to endure as he's believed for so long (however, this assertion remains ambiguous). Romulus and Wolverine resume their battle with Wolverine ultimately proving victorious, resulting in Romulus being remanded to the Raft. Little is known about the full extent of Romulus's powers.", "The location of his two temples in Rome\u2014near those of Jupiter (one on the Capitoline Hill, in the low between the \"arx\" and the Capitolium, between the two groves where the asylum founded by Romulus stood, the other on the Tiber Island near that of \"Iuppiter Iurarius\", later also known as temple of Aesculapius)\u2014may be significant in this respect, along with the fact that he is considered the father of Apollo, perhaps because he was depicted carrying arrows. He is also considered to be the unbearded Jupiter. The dates of his festivals support the same conclusion: they fall on January 1, March 7 and May 21, the first date being the recurrence of the Agonalia, dedicated to Janus and celebrated by the king with the sacrifice of a ram. The nature of the sacrifice is debated; Gellius states \"capra\", a female goat, although some scholars posit a ram. This sacrifice occurred \"rito humano\", which may mean \"with the rite appropriate for human sacrifice\". Gellius concludes by stating that this god is one of those who receive sacrifices so as to persuade them to refrain from causing harm. The arrow is an ambivalent symbol; it was used in the ritual of the devotio (the general who vowed had to stand on an arrow). It is perhaps because of the arrow and of the juvenile looks that Gellius identifies Veiove with Apollo and as a god who must receive worship in order to obtain his abstention from harming men, along with Robigus and Averruncus."], "answer": {"text": "Mainstream scholarly opinion regards Romulus as an entirely mythical character, and the legend fictitious.", "answer_start": 522}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about Romulus?", "answer": {"text": "Romulus himself was the subject of the famous legend of the suckling she-wolf (lupa) that kept Romulus and his twin Remus alive", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was this legend about?", "answer": {"text": "alive in a cave on the Palatine Hill (the Lupercal) after they had been thrown into the river Tiber on the orders of their wicked uncle, Amulius.", "answer_start": 122, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fff65b77c14e4effadeb9d14c9be6432_0_q#3", "question": "What was their opinions about it?", "rewrite": "What was mainstream scholarly opinion about Romulus?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Romulus himself was the subject of the famous legend of the suckling she-wolf (lupa) that kept Romulus and his twin Remus alive in a cave on the Palatine Hill (the Lupercal) after they had been thrown into the river Tiber on the orders of their wicked uncle, Amulius. The latter had usurped the throne of Alba from the twins' grandfather, king Numitor, and then confined their mother, Rhea Silvia, to the Vestal convent. They were washed ashore by the river, and after a few days with the wolf, were rescued by shepherds. Mainstream scholarly opinion regards Romulus as an entirely mythical character, and the legend fictitious. On this view, Romulus was a name fabricated to provide Rome with an eponymous founding hero, a common feature of classical foundation-myths; it is possible that Romulus was named after Rome instead of vice versa. The name contains the Latin diminutive -ulus, so it means simply \"Roman\" or \"little Roman\". It has been suggested that the name \"Roma\" was of Etruscan origin, or that it was derived from the Latin word ruma (\"teat\"), presumably because the shape of the Palatine Hill and/or Capitoline Hill resembled a woman's teats. If Romulus was named after the city, it is more likely that he was historical. Nevertheless, Cornell argues that \"Romulus probably never existed... His biography is a complex mixture of legend and folk-tale, interspersed with antiquarian speculation and political propaganda\".", "Name of Syria The name Syria is latinized from the (Greek ). Herodotus used it loosely to refer to Cappadocia. In Greek usage, \"Sur\u00eda\" and \"Assur\u00eda\" were used almost interchangeably, but in the Roman Empire, Syria and Assyria came to be used as distinct geographical terms. \"Syria\" in the Roman Empire period referred to the region of Syria (the western Levant, \"those parts of the Empire situated between Asia Minor and Egypt\"), while As\u014drist\u0101n was part of the Sasanian Empire and only very briefly came under Roman control (AD 116\u2013118, marking the historical peak of Roman expansion). Etymologically, the name \"Syria\" is connected to \"Assyria\", ultimately from the Akkadian . Theodor N\u00f6ldeke in 1881 was the first to give philological support to the assumption that \"Syria\" and \"Assyria\" have the same etymology, a suggestion going back to John Selden (1617). Current academic opinion favours the connection. Modern Syria ( \"Syrian Arab Republic\", since 1961) inherits its name from the Ottoman Syria Vilayet, established in 1865. The choice of the ancient Latin name for the Ottoman province reflects a growing historical consciousness among the local intellectuals at the time. The Classical Arabic name for the region is \"bil\u0101d a\u0161-\u0161a'm\" (\"land to the north\", Modern Standard Arabic \"a\u0161-\u0161\u0101m\") from \"left hand; northern\". In contrast, Baalshamin (), was a Semitic sky-god in Canaan/Phoenicia and ancient Palmyra. Hence, Sham refers to (\"heaven\" or \"sky\"). Majority mainstream scholarly opinion now strongly supports the already dominant position that 'Syrian' and Syriac indeed derived from 'Assyrian', and", "Patterns of Evidence Patterns of Evidence is a film series directed by Tim Mahoney and part of the independent Christian film industry. The films advocate for Mahoney's views on Biblical chronology, which he contrasts with mainstream scholarly opinion. Patterns of Evidence: Exodus is a 2014 documentary film directed by Tim Mahoney. The film presents the view that the biblical story of the Exodus of the Hebrew slaves from Egypt actually happened during the Middle Kingdom of Egypt. It was released at the Pan Pacific Film Festival in July 2014, and in theaters by Thinking Man Film on January 19, 2015. The film describes numerous findings, including possible archaeological findings of evidence of Hebrew habitation in ancient Egypt, and new historical findings as to the timeline of the events of Exodus, as well as contemporary events in ancient Egypt. It also describes existing artifacts and documents from Ancient Egypt which experts have long debated. The film is somewhat - but not entirely - based on David Rohl's New Chronology which contradicts mainstream Egyptology. The film features interviews with archaeologists, historians, and biblical scholars. Patterns of Evidence: The Moses Controversy is a 2019 documentary film directed by Tim Mahoney and sequel to \"Patterns of Evidence: Exodus\". It examines whether Moses actually had the ability to write the events of the Exodus as a true eye-witness account, in relation to the traditional Mosaic authorship view that the \"Five Books of Moses\" (Pentateuch) were directly written by Moses himself, with the exceptions of the parts that describe Moses's death, or did the Exodus of Israel predate alphabetic writing. This is compared with the evidence most biblical scholars use that shows that the Torah seems to appear in history in the 7th century BC at the earliest, centuries after the death of Moses, and other indications that the books were a compendium of stories from multiple authors (see documentary hypothesis). \"", "Part of this collection is a rock crystal intaglio depicting a bearded man identified as the Roman emperor Lucius Verus: the design was gilded and the stone was polished to allow the image to be seen through the transparent material. The Roman presence in this area is also evidenced by a large brick found in the ruins of Tsikhisdziri with an inscription that has been interpreted as \"VEX[illatio]FA[siana]\", suggesting that the brick\u2014now in possession of the Janashia Museum of Georgia in Tbilisi\u2014was made in a Roman military workshop in Phasis and shipped south. The Tsikhisdziri fortress was situated on two coastal hills, connected to each other through double walls. On the territory of the citadel, the area of which totals around 1.5 h, are the ruins of a 6th-century three-nave basilica with the dimensions of 33X17.80 m, with narthex, projecting apse, and floor mosaic, and remains of two other churches, one from the early Christian period and the other dated to the High Middle Ages. Close to the basilica is a 6th-century bath (9.5X6.5 m) and a water cistern. North to the citadel are the ruins of an urban settlement and hundreds of burials. These structures date from the Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages. The Tsikhisdziri site is identified by the mainstream scholarly opinion with the Roman city\u2013fortress of Petra, founded at the behest of the emperor Justinian I in 535 and, after a series of battles for the possession of that city during the Lazic War with Sasanid Iran, demolished by the Romans themselves to prevent it again becoming the enemy's target in 551.", "In 541, Khosrow, following an initial unsuccessful assault on the fortifications of the city, captured Petra by sending his troops through a secretly constructed tunnel and destroying the towers, which induced the Romans to capitulate. Khosrow appropriated the riches of Tzibus, who was killed in battle, but treated the Romans of the city with consideration. In 548, Justinian sent a force under Dagisthaeus\u2014this time allied with the Lazi, who had become discontent with Sasanian hegemony\u2014to retake Petra. The allies besieged the city and defeated two Sasanian field armies sent to its aid, but subsequent maneuvers by the Iranian commander Mihr-Mihroe made the besiegers' positions untenable. Eventually, Dagisthaeus failed to retake Petra in 549 and withdrew the same year. In 551, a Roman\u2013Lazi army under Bessas began a second siege. After more than a year, the city fell and Bessas razed the city fortress to the ground to prevent it again becoming a Sasanian target. Mainstream scholarly opinion identifies Petra with a ruined settlement found in the village of Tsikhisdziri, in Georgia's southwestern autonomous republic of Adjara, between Batumi and Kobuleti. It contains ruins of a citadel\u2014200 m in length and 100 m in width\u2014located on two neighboring rocky seaside hills and a large 6th-century three-nave basilica with a narthex, projecting apse, and mosaic floor, which was probably a bishop's seat. Other buildings from that time are a bath, water cistern, several other structures\u2014remains of an urban settlement\u2014as well as more than 300 burials located nearby. The site has also yielded several Late Bronze Age, Hellenistic, Roman, and medieval objects."], "answer": {"text": "Romulus was a name fabricated to provide Rome with an eponymous founding hero, a common feature of classical foundation-myths;", "answer_start": 643}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about Romulus?", "answer": {"text": "Romulus himself was the subject of the famous legend of the suckling she-wolf (lupa) that kept Romulus and his twin Remus alive", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was this legend about?", "answer": {"text": "alive in a cave on the Palatine Hill (the Lupercal) after they had been thrown into the river Tiber on the orders of their wicked uncle, Amulius.", "answer_start": 122, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a significant aspect of the article that stood out to you?", "answer": {"text": "Mainstream scholarly opinion regards Romulus as an entirely mythical character, and the legend fictitious.", "answer_start": 522, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fff65b77c14e4effadeb9d14c9be6432_0_q#5", "question": "is there anything significant that Romulus did during his time?", "rewrite": "Did Romulus do anything significant in his time?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Romulus, New York Romulus is a town in Seneca County, New York, United States. The population was 4,316 at the 2010 census. The town is named after the mythical founder of Rome, Romulus, a name assigned by a clerk with an interest in the classics. The Town of Romulus is in the central part of the county, northwest of Ithaca, New York. The town has a hamlet (and census-designated place), also called Romulus. Government offices for the town are located in nearby Willard. Romulus is home of the rare Seneca white deer, one of the largest populations of white deer in the world. They are located on the grounds of the former Seneca Army Depot. It is now a private wildlife refuge and conservation center which offers scenic tours. Before the American Revolution, this area was controlled by both the Cayuga and the Seneca nations of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois). French Jesuit missionaries visited the area in the 17th Century. The Sullivan Expedition in 1779 destroyed native villages and drove many of the Native Americans away. Romulus contains the area of Kendaia (Apple Town), a former Iroquois (Seneca) village destroyed by the residents in anticipation of the arrival of the Sullivan Expedition on September 5, 1779. After the war, this town became part of the Central New York Military Tract, land for veterans of the Revolution. Returning natives were provided with land at the north end of Cayuga Lake. This reservation was partly in the eastern side of modern Romulus. The first non-native settlers arrived around 1789. The town was formed while still part of Onondaga County in 1794. In 1800, part of Romulus was used to make the Town of Fayette. The north part of Romulus was used to form the Town of Varick in 1830.", "She further reveals that the whole \"Lupine Sapiens\" story was all just an elaborate hoax by her brother intended to be a ruse for his real goal of creating a master race of natural mutants artificially enhanced by a new type of adamantium created using vibranium illegally mined from Wakanda, using Wolverine as a template. After tracking Romulus to his stronghold somewhere in Italy, Wolverine brutally attacks and incapacitates Sabretooth before confronting Romulus. Wolverine finds Romulus immersed within a tank very similar to the one Wolverine was held in during the days of the Weapon X Program. Wolverine breaks open the tank and savagely assaults Romulus with his claws. He gouges away much of the right side of Romulus' face, revealing that the bones beneath have been bonded with adamantium. As Romulus heals, Wolverine asks what the purpose is of becoming an imitation of him. Romulus declares that he is not as he once was, as he has \"taken the best from both Wolverine and Sabretooth\", implying that his animal-like powers were artificially copied from Sabretooth (as his twin sister has none of those traits and her only powers shown is a healing-factor). He reveals that he now has four adamantium claws from both his hands in exactly the same configuration he used on the gauntlets he wore. As he launches into his attack, Romulus says to Wolverine that having Romulus erase his memory and bond the adamantium to his skeleton was actually his idea rather than something that he was forced to endure as he's believed for so long (however, this assertion remains ambiguous). Romulus and Wolverine resume their battle with Wolverine ultimately proving victorious, resulting in Romulus being remanded to the Raft. Little is known about the full extent of Romulus's powers.", "Romulus (fabulist) Romulus is the author, now considered a legendary figure, of versions of \"Aesop's Fables\" in Latin. These were passed down in Western Europe, and became important school texts, for early education. Romulus is supposed to have lived in the 5th century. The Romulus of medieval tradition therefore represents a number of traditional attributions of Latin manuscripts of beast fables. These are based on prose adaptations of Phaedrus (1st century AD). The \"Romulus\" texts make up the bulk of the medieval 'Aesop'. Scholars identify several strands of manuscripts: These prose works gave rise to versifications: the \"Novus Aesopus\" of Alexander Neckam, the verse \"Romulus\" often attributed to Gualterus Anglicus (\"Romulus of Nevelet\"). Further adaptation and expansion from those works built up the medieval Aesop tradition. The \"Esope\" of Ad\u00e9mar de Chabannes (67 fables) is now considered to derive from the \"Romulus Ordinarius\". The \"Romulus Roberti\" (22 fables) is taken from the Anglo-Latin \"Romulus\", with the four first tales from Marie de France.", "Daken hinted he complied with the process because of his own agenda. Romulus told Daken to kill all the Weapon X experiments that gave them a healing factor with his Muramasa claws. He killed every one except Deadpool. He appears to have ties with Russian authorities, arranging Omega Red's transfer to a regular Russian prison to set a trap for Wolverine. After Wolverine temporarily subdues Omega Red, he is captured by Wild Child, who reveals that Romulus made Logan and several villains battle each other, his agenda being vaguely described as him needing a successor. Moments after Wolverine uses the Muramasa blade to kill Omega Red, Romulus reveals himself in front of him, prepared for battle with four claws already extended (the three between the knuckles of his fingers and one extending from behind his thumb). Wolverine attacks Romulus but is easily overpowered since he is only using the sword at this point. Romulus slashes and attacks Wolverine from the shadows as he reveals his plans. Telling Wolverine that everything has led up to this moment. Romulus is what Wolverine will become. Pushing Wolverine to the breaking point, he drops the sword and pops his claws, much to Romulus' amusement. However, Wolverine fights back and gains the upper hand and slashes at Romulus' hand, shattering what turned out to be a clawed gauntlet. Seeing that Romulus' claws are fake, Wolverine taunts him saying, \"You're not what I'm gonna become... I'm what you've always wanted to be\". Hearing this, Romulus blindly attacks Wolverine with his remaining claws only to be slashed open by Wolverine. Seemingly beaten, Romulus tells Wolverine that although he is at the top of the food chain, by making Daken in his own image, he has set the stage for a confrontation between Wolverine and his son. Only the most ruthless will survive.", "Only the one most like Romulus. Wolverine defeats Romulus, but leaves him alive saying that he will return when he is ready to finish the job. As Wolverine turns his back, Romulus seizes the opportunity to knock Wolverine unconscious with his own sword. Romulus then leaves, but not before telling Wolverine to keep the Muramasa blade: he will need it. After his confrontation with Wolverine he coordinates a successful assassination in Tokyo from what seems to be his base of operations, a European-style castle. It is here that Romulus first begins to doubt his own understanding of Wolverine's actions. Wolverine decides to confront Romulus one last time, using the help of various other heroes and his son Daken. In the end, as Daken is about to kill Romulus, Logan has Cloak teleport him into the Dark Force dimension. For a second Wolverine thinks he should behead Romulus, just like he did with Creed, but in the end he decides to leave him stranded in the Dark Force dimension. However, thanks to Sabretooth's blackmailing life of Dagger, Romulus gets free from his prison. After a losing fight against Romulus, a mysterious woman with long red hair appears and tells Wolverine that the answers that he seeks are at the Weapon X facility. Following his fight with the Sabretooth clones, the mysterious woman appears to Wolverine again. She calls herself Remus and informs him that Romulus is her twin brother. She aids Wolverine in his struggle against Romulus and Sabretooth all while providing Wolverine with information about Romulus. She reveals to Wolverine that Romulus' claim about certain mutants evolving from canines rather than apes (referring to the Lupine) is untrue which Wolverine had long since guessed."], "answer": {"text": "In contrast, Andrea Carandini, an archaeologist who has spent most of his career excavating central Rome, advanced the theory that Romulus was a historical figure", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about Romulus?", "answer": {"text": "Romulus himself was the subject of the famous legend of the suckling she-wolf (lupa) that kept Romulus and his twin Remus alive", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was this legend about?", "answer": {"text": "alive in a cave on the Palatine Hill (the Lupercal) after they had been thrown into the river Tiber on the orders of their wicked uncle, Amulius.", "answer_start": 122, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a significant aspect of the article that stood out to you?", "answer": {"text": "Mainstream scholarly opinion regards Romulus as an entirely mythical character, and the legend fictitious.", "answer_start": 522, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their opinions about it?", "answer": {"text": "Romulus was a name fabricated to provide Rome with an eponymous founding hero, a common feature of classical foundation-myths;", "answer_start": 643, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Romulus popular?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fff65b77c14e4effadeb9d14c9be6432_0_q#6", "question": "Why did they have that theory?", "rewrite": "Why do mainstream experts believe that Romulus was a fictional character?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In May 2011 it was announced Carter had quit again, in order to pursue other projects. Lisa Hunter is a fictional character from the long-running Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Gemma Atkinson. The character is noted for her storylines including bullying and self-harming. After her exit from \"Hollyoaks\", Atkinson reprised the role twice in two spin-off series. Leslie \"Les\" Hunter is a fictional character from the long-running Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by John Graham Davies. Sally Hunter is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Katherine Dow Blyton. Rebecca \"Becca\" Dean (n\u00e9e Hayton) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Ali Bastian. She debuted on-screen during episodes airing in 2001 and departed on 14 February 2007. David \"Bombhead\" Burke is a fictional character from the long-running Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Lee Otway. Initially known as 'David Witherspoon', he appeared on the soap between 2001 and 2005. In 2010, Otway reprised the role in online spin-off \"\". The character returned again on 13 January 2011 for two episodes. Tobias \"Toby\" Alexander Mills is a fictional character from the long-running British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Henry Luxemburg. Jodie Nash is a fictional character from the long-running Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Kate McEnery between 2001-2003. Jamie Nash is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Stefan Booth. The character appeared between 2001 and 2002.", "Only the one most like Romulus. Wolverine defeats Romulus, but leaves him alive saying that he will return when he is ready to finish the job. As Wolverine turns his back, Romulus seizes the opportunity to knock Wolverine unconscious with his own sword. Romulus then leaves, but not before telling Wolverine to keep the Muramasa blade: he will need it. After his confrontation with Wolverine he coordinates a successful assassination in Tokyo from what seems to be his base of operations, a European-style castle. It is here that Romulus first begins to doubt his own understanding of Wolverine's actions. Wolverine decides to confront Romulus one last time, using the help of various other heroes and his son Daken. In the end, as Daken is about to kill Romulus, Logan has Cloak teleport him into the Dark Force dimension. For a second Wolverine thinks he should behead Romulus, just like he did with Creed, but in the end he decides to leave him stranded in the Dark Force dimension. However, thanks to Sabretooth's blackmailing life of Dagger, Romulus gets free from his prison. After a losing fight against Romulus, a mysterious woman with long red hair appears and tells Wolverine that the answers that he seeks are at the Weapon X facility. Following his fight with the Sabretooth clones, the mysterious woman appears to Wolverine again. She calls herself Remus and informs him that Romulus is her twin brother. She aids Wolverine in his struggle against Romulus and Sabretooth all while providing Wolverine with information about Romulus. She reveals to Wolverine that Romulus' claim about certain mutants evolving from canines rather than apes (referring to the Lupine) is untrue which Wolverine had long since guessed.", "Romulus (comics) Romulus is a fictional comic book supervillain appearing in books published by Marvel Comics, in particular those featuring Wolverine. He is the leader of the Lupines, a species resembling humans that he claims evolved from canines instead of primates through convergent evolution. A shadowy character whose origin and motives remain a mystery , he is shown to have orchestrated most major events in the life of Wolverine, manipulating and controlling him for most of his life. Created by writer Jeph Loeb and artist Simone Bianchi, the character first appeared obscured by shadow in \"Wolverine\" vol. 3 #50 (March 2007), and made his first full appearance in \"\" #39 (August 2009). Romulus is first seen in several flashbacks that Wolverine experiences, later explained by Wild Child to have been induced by Romulus himself. He is shown leading the Lupines in prehistoric and barbaric times, being an emperor in Ancient Rome, as well as being the main force behind Weapon X. In the present, Romulus restored Feral and Thornn's feline look after their depowerment on M-Day, augmented Wild Child's powers greatly, and seemed to have erased all humanity from Sabretooth causing the latter's death at the hands of Wolverine (later it was revealed Sabretooth was a clone). Romulus did all of this to reveal himself to Wolverine. Romulus was also the one who took Daken from his dead mother's womb and raised him as a ruthless killer. Nick Fury revealed to Wolverine that Romulus has been manipulating people from his family's bloodline for centuries, and that he plans for Daken to become the next-generation Weapon X. This was achieved through Tinkerer who bonded the metal from the Muramasa blade to Daken's inner claws.", "According to Snyderman and Rothman, this contrasts greatly with the coverage of these views as represented in the media, where the reader is led to draw the conclusion that \"only a few maverick 'experts' support the view that genetic variation plays a significant role in individual or group difference, while the vast majority of experts believe that such differences are purely the result of environmental factors.\" In their analysis of the survey results, Snyderman and Rothman state that the experts who described themselves as agreeing with the \"controversial\" partial-genetic views of Arthur Jensen did so only on the understanding that their identity would remain unknown in the published report. This was due, claim the authors, to fears of suffering the same kind of castigation experienced by Jensen for publicly expressing views on the correlation between race and intelligence which are privately held in the wider academic community. Snyderman and Rothman stated that media reports often either erroneously reported that most experts believe that the genetic contribution to IQ is absolute (~100% heritability) or that most experts believe that genetics plays no role at all (~0% heritability). As they wrote: News reports made mistakes of the same proportion when reporting the expert view on the contribution of genetics to racial-ethnic group differences in IQ. News reports also tended to cite the opinions of only very few experts, such as Arthur Jensen, Richard Herrnstein, and William Shockley, to whom they often erroneously attributed a variety of views, including that Blacks are 'inherently or innately inferior' to Whites, that their views have adverse implication for education policy or adverse political implications, or that they are racist. Snyderman and Rothman speculated that the misattribution of views to these individuals is fueled by the attacks made on them by public intellectuals, such as psychologist Leon Kamin.", "It was suggested that it could be possible that those with recovered memories of trauma, had such traumatic memories that they were not only repressed, but that they also manifested as cognitive impairment that could cause memory problems in test conditions like this study. Additionally, she received letters suggesting that even conducting this kind of research at all \"cheers on child molesters\" and ridicules the suffering of children. In 2000 when she was invited to speak at Cambridge Hospital, she was told that many in the psychiatric department protested her lecture. Clancy decided at this point to find a new group to study. She began studying alien abductees, whose stories could produce more methodologically clear study results. She began canvassing for participants until she found 11 willing abductees. This posed its own challenges because many of the study participants do not believe in repressed memories, but rather some kind of extraterrestrial interpretation, such as the aliens erasing their memories or controlling their minds in some manner. Due to the rejection from the academic community in the United States, in 2003 Clancy took a position as a professor at the Harvard-affiliated Central American Business Administration Institute in Managua, Nicaragua. She went on to become the research director at the Harvard-affiliated Center for Women's Advancement, Development and Leadership in Nicaragua. Published by Harvard University Press in 2005, Susan Clancy's book \"Abducted: How People Come to Believe They Were Kidnapped By Aliens\" was met with strong positive reviews. The book uses data derived from several memory studies on self described abductees that took place in the preceding few years. The book explores what mainstream experts believe to be the sources of abduction stories, such as sleep paralysis and the use of hypnosis techniques to \"recover\" forgotten memories. Clancy finds that previous interest in the paranormal and emotional investment also play a role in creating abduction memories."], "answer": {"text": "it appears that the Romulus legend of the suckling she-wolf is a genuine indigenous Latin myth.", "answer_start": 499}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about Romulus?", "answer": {"text": "Romulus himself was the subject of the famous legend of the suckling she-wolf (lupa) that kept Romulus and his twin Remus alive", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was this legend about?", "answer": {"text": "alive in a cave on the Palatine Hill (the Lupercal) after they had been thrown into the river Tiber on the orders of their wicked uncle, Amulius.", "answer_start": 122, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a significant aspect of the article that stood out to you?", "answer": {"text": "Mainstream scholarly opinion regards Romulus as an entirely mythical character, and the legend fictitious.", "answer_start": 522, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their opinions about it?", "answer": {"text": "Romulus was a name fabricated to provide Rome with an eponymous founding hero, a common feature of classical foundation-myths;", "answer_start": 643, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Romulus popular?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is there anything significant that Romulus did during his time?", "answer": {"text": "In contrast, Andrea Carandini, an archaeologist who has spent most of his career excavating central Rome, advanced the theory that Romulus was a historical figure", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_fff65b77c14e4effadeb9d14c9be6432_0_q#7", "question": "is there anything else that you thought was interesting in the article?", "rewrite": "Is there anything else that you thought was interesting in the article other than mainstream expert opinion that Romulus was fictitious?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Jiwan Singh Umranangal Jiwan Singh Umranangal was an Indian politician belonging to the Akali Dal. He served as the revenue minister of Punjab. He is the grandfather of Paramraj Singh Umranagal, an IPS Officer in Punjab Police who was faslely accused in the Kotkapura firing incident and is out on bail. Jiwan Singh was born in 1914, in the Dhaliwal Bet village of the Kapurthala district. He passed matriculation from the Kapurthala High School. Originally an agriculturalist by profession, he adopted politics as a career in 1952, becoming a member of the Akali Dal. He became a sarpanch and a \"nambardar\" (village head) of his native village Umra Nangal. He later served as the General Secretary of Akali Dal, and ultimately became the party's Vice President. Jiwan Singh was elected to the Punjab Legislative Assembly in 1968, 1977 and 1980. He served as the Revenue Minister under Gurnam Singh in 1968 and as Finance Minister under Parkash Singh Badal in 1977. He won the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC) elections three times, and served on its executive committee for 12 years. In the 1979 SGPC election, he defeated the AISSF president Amrik Singh, who was backed by Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale. He became a close associate of the senior Akali leader Fateh Singh. Jiwan Singh took a strong stand against the pro-Khalistan militants. In 1986, he embarked on a door-to-door campaign in the Majha region, meeting the families of the militants and asking for their help in persuading the militants to give up the violence.", "Romulus himself was the subject of the famous legend of the suckling she-wolf (lupa) that kept Romulus and his twin Remus alive in a cave on the Palatine Hill (the Lupercal) after they had been thrown into the river Tiber on the orders of their wicked uncle, Amulius. The latter had usurped the throne of Alba from the twins' grandfather, king Numitor, and then confined their mother, Rhea Silvia, to the Vestal convent. They were washed ashore by the river, and after a few days with the wolf, were rescued by shepherds. Mainstream scholarly opinion regards Romulus as an entirely mythical character, and the legend fictitious. On this view, Romulus was a name fabricated to provide Rome with an eponymous founding hero, a common feature of classical foundation-myths; it is possible that Romulus was named after Rome instead of vice versa. The name contains the Latin diminutive -ulus, so it means simply \"Roman\" or \"little Roman\". It has been suggested that the name \"Roma\" was of Etruscan origin, or that it was derived from the Latin word ruma (\"teat\"), presumably because the shape of the Palatine Hill and/or Capitoline Hill resembled a woman's teats. If Romulus was named after the city, it is more likely that he was historical. Nevertheless, Cornell argues that \"Romulus probably never existed... His biography is a complex mixture of legend and folk-tale, interspersed with antiquarian speculation and political propaganda\".", "Bhai Jiwan Singh Baba Jiwan Singh (also spelled Jivan and Jeevan) (Bhai Jaita before \"baptism\") (1649\u20131704) was a Majhabi Sikh General and an accomplice, companion and friend of Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Guru of the Sikhs. As well as his military prowess he was a poet and a warrior. He became a Sikh martyr when he fell during the Battle of Sarsa in 1704 against the Mughal armies. He also taught gatka, shabad kirtan, archery, horse riding, and swimming to Sahibzada Ajit Singh, a son of Guru Gobind Singh. Born as Jaita to father Sada Nand and mother Mata Premo at Patna, India in 1649.. Alternatively his mother was Lajwanti, the daughter of the Brahmin Pandit Shiv Narayan. He lived first at Patna where he received training in various weapons and learned the art of warfare. In addition, he learned horse-riding, swimming, music and Kirtan. When Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Sikh guru, was martyred by the Mughals in Delhi, Baba Jiwan Singh recovered his dismembered body from a Muslim crowd and brought it back to his son, Guru Gobind Singh. the name \"Mazhabi\" (\"faithful\").guru ji gave him record of \" Rangrete Guru Ke Bete\"(The Rangretas are the Guru\u2019s sons). Bhai Jiwan Singh was instructed by his father to behead him in order to swap the head of his father for that of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Bhai Jiwan Singh carries out his father\u2019s wish and carried the head of Guru Tegh Bahadur from Delhi to Gobind Rai in Anandpur Sahib.", "The most relevant modification was that the Media Council could no longer include conditions for the broadcasting operator in its decision to grant a license. Also, the new law had a much narrower definition of the term \"broadcaster\" as the person to whom a license was granted. Following the change of the law, the CET21 asked for the removal of condition No. 17, which was safeguarding the split structure of licence-holder and operator. Subsequently, the Media Council requested expert opinion regarding the \u010cNTS' authority to operate television broadcasting. Dr. Jan B\u00e1rta of the State and Law Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic rendered a legal opinion within one week after the request, which concluded that CET21 does not operate broadcasting and never did, whereas \u010cNTS was broadcasting without authority. The Stockholm award labeled circumstances of the rendering of Barta's opinion as \"\"dubious\"\" and concluded that \"\"Barta's opinion was requested by the Media Council simply as a tool to cover up the reversal of the Council's legal position towards CET21 and the foreign investor CEDC/CME\"\". The companies set forward to modify the arrangement in order to address the concerns expressed by the expert opinion. In doing so, they consulted the Media Council, which in turn requested further expert opinion. After meetings with the Media Council, the companies entered a new agreement in May 1996 setting forth their legal relationship: in substance, CET21 was the holder of the License and the operator of television broadcasting, the License was non-transferable, and was not the subject of a contribution from CET21 to \u010cNTS. \u010cNTS' role was to arrange the television broadcasting.", "Opinion evidence Opinion evidence refers to evidence of what the witness thinks, believes, or infers in regard to facts, as distinguished from personal knowledge of the facts themselves. In common law jurisdictions the general rule is that a witness is supposed to testify as to what was observed and not to give an opinion on what was observed. However, there are two exceptions to this rule: expert evidence and non-expert opinion given by laymen which people in their daily lives reach without conscious ratiocination. In general, witnesses should testify only as to the facts observed and should not give opinion. The main rationale for such a rule is that the admission of opinion evidence would not assist, or might even mislead, the court and in particular the jury. This is because opinion evidence is usually irrelevant. Moreover, admission of such evidence would usurp the functions of the jury, which alone should be the tribunal of fact and draw its own inferences. An expert witness is a witness, who by virtue of education, training, skill, or experience, is believed to have expertise and specialised knowledge in a particular subject beyond that of the average person, sufficient that others may officially and legally rely upon the witness's specialized (scientific, technical or other) opinion about an evidence or fact issue within the scope of his expertise, referred to as the expert opinion, as an assistance to the fact-finder. Expert witnesses may also deliver expert evidence about facts from the domain of their expertise. The facts upon which an expert opinion is based must be proved by admissible evidence. The duty of experts is to furnish the judge with the necessary scientific criteria for testing the accuracy of their conclusions, so that the judge or jury can form their own independent judgment by the application of these criteria to the facts proved. Non-expert opinion refers to the opinion given in restricted circumstances by laymen or persons who do not possess any expertise."], "answer": {"text": "\". It has been suggested that the name \"Roma\" was of Etruscan origin, or that it was derived from the Latin word ruma (\"teat\"),", "answer_start": 931}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about Romulus?", "answer": {"text": "Romulus himself was the subject of the famous legend of the suckling she-wolf (lupa) that kept Romulus and his twin Remus alive", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was this legend about?", "answer": {"text": "alive in a cave on the Palatine Hill (the Lupercal) after they had been thrown into the river Tiber on the orders of their wicked uncle, Amulius.", "answer_start": 122, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a significant aspect of the article that stood out to you?", "answer": {"text": "Mainstream scholarly opinion regards Romulus as an entirely mythical character, and the legend fictitious.", "answer_start": 522, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their opinions about it?", "answer": {"text": "Romulus was a name fabricated to provide Rome with an eponymous founding hero, a common feature of classical foundation-myths;", "answer_start": 643, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Romulus popular?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is there anything significant that Romulus did during his time?", "answer": {"text": "In contrast, Andrea Carandini, an archaeologist who has spent most of his career excavating central Rome, advanced the theory that Romulus was a historical figure", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did they have that theory?", "answer": {"text": "it appears that the Romulus legend of the suckling she-wolf is a genuine indigenous Latin myth.", "answer_start": 499, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_fff65b77c14e4effadeb9d14c9be6432_0_q#8", "question": "Any other interesting facts?", "rewrite": "Were there other interesting facts in addition to the Latin myth that predates the legend of Romulus?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In contrast, Andrea Carandini, an archaeologist who has spent most of his career excavating central Rome, advanced the theory that Romulus was a historical figure who indeed founded the city in c. 753 BC, as related by the ancient chroniclers, by ploughing a symbolic sacred furrow to define the city's boundary. But Carandini's views have received scant support among fellow-scholars. In contrast to the legend of Aeneas, which was clearly imported into the Latin world from an extraneous culture, it appears that the Romulus legend of the suckling she-wolf is a genuine indigenous Latin myth. The wolf was an emblem widespread among the Italic peoples. Aside from Rome, the wolf was also the ethnic emblem of the Samnites, the fierce pastoralists of the mountains of southern Italy.", "These developments, which according to archaeological evidence took place during the mid-eighth century BC, can be considered as the \"birth\" of the city. Despite recent excavations at the Palatine hill, the view that Rome was founded deliberately in the middle of the eighth century BC, as the legend of Romulus suggests, remains a fringe hypothesis. Traditional stories handed down by the ancient Romans themselves explain the earliest history of their city in terms of legend and myth. The most familiar of these myths, and perhaps the most famous of all Roman myths, is the story of Romulus and Remus, the twins who were suckled by a she-wolf. They decided to build a city, but after an argument, Romulus killed his brother and the city took his name. According to the Roman annalists, this happened on 21 April 753 BC. This legend had to be reconciled with a dual tradition, set earlier in time, that had the Trojan refugee Aeneas escape to Italy and found the line of Romans through his son Iulus, the namesake of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. This was accomplished by the Roman poet Virgil in the first century BC. In addition, Strabo mentions an older story, that the city was an Arcadian colony founded by Evander. Strabo also writes that Lucius Coelius Antipater believe that Rome was founded by Greeks. After the legendary foundation by Romulus, Rome was ruled for a period of 244 years by a monarchical system, initially with sovereigns of Latin and Sabine origin, later by Etruscan kings. The tradition handed down seven kings: Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius and Tarquinius Superbus.", "The legend as a whole encapsulates Rome's ideas of itself, its origins and moral values. For modern scholarship, it remains one of the most complex and problematic of all foundation myths. Ancient historians had no doubt that Romulus gave his name to the city. Most modern historians believe his name is a back-formation from the name of the city. Roman historians dated the city's foundation to between 758 and 728 BC, and Plutarch reports the calculation of Varro\u02bbs friend Tarutius that 771 BC was the birth year of Romulus and his twin. A tradition that gave Romulus a distant ancestor in the semi-divine Trojan prince Aeneas was further embellished, and Romulus was made the direct ancestor of Rome's first Imperial dynasty. It's unclear whether or not the tale of Romulus or that of the twins are original elements of the foundation myth, or whether both or either were added. Ennius (fl. 180s BC) refers to Romulus as a divinity in his own right, without reference to Quirinus. Roman mythographers identified the latter as an originally Sabine war-deity, and thus to be identified with Roman Mars. Lucilius lists Quirinus and Romulus as separate deities, and Varro accords them different temples. Images of Quirinus showed him as a bearded warrior wielding a spear as a god of war, the embodiment of Roman strength and a deified likeness of the city of Rome. He had a Flamen Maior called the Flamen Quirinalis, who oversaw his worship and rituals in the ordainment of Roman religion attributed to Romulus's royal successor, Numa Pompilius. There is however no evidence for the conflated Romulus-Quirinus before the 1st century BC.", "Romulus himself was the subject of the famous legend of the suckling she-wolf (lupa) that kept Romulus and his twin Remus alive in a cave on the Palatine Hill (the Lupercal) after they had been thrown into the river Tiber on the orders of their wicked uncle, Amulius. The latter had usurped the throne of Alba from the twins' grandfather, king Numitor, and then confined their mother, Rhea Silvia, to the Vestal convent. They were washed ashore by the river, and after a few days with the wolf, were rescued by shepherds. Mainstream scholarly opinion regards Romulus as an entirely mythical character, and the legend fictitious. On this view, Romulus was a name fabricated to provide Rome with an eponymous founding hero, a common feature of classical foundation-myths; it is possible that Romulus was named after Rome instead of vice versa. The name contains the Latin diminutive -ulus, so it means simply \"Roman\" or \"little Roman\". It has been suggested that the name \"Roma\" was of Etruscan origin, or that it was derived from the Latin word ruma (\"teat\"), presumably because the shape of the Palatine Hill and/or Capitoline Hill resembled a woman's teats. If Romulus was named after the city, it is more likely that he was historical. Nevertheless, Cornell argues that \"Romulus probably never existed... His biography is a complex mixture of legend and folk-tale, interspersed with antiquarian speculation and political propaganda\".", "Now I Know (newsletter) Now I Know is a daily email newsletter about trivia written by Dan Lewis. Described as \"a newer, less snarky iteration of Cecil Adams\u2019 The Straight Dope,\" it has been running since 2010 with over 100,000 subscribers as of 2018. The newsletter won a Webby Award for email newsletters in 2013 and 2014. Lewis credits his success to his engagement with his community, claiming he replies to nearly every email sent to him. He also notes his Jewish background saying \"[T]here's an oral tradition in Judaism to explain and analyze things\" which is the general theme of his newsletter which uses seemingly obscure facts to tell a bigger story. The newsletter has been turned into two books, \" Now I Know: The Revealing Stories Behind the World \u2019s Most Interesting Facts\" and \"Now I Know More: The Revealing Stories Behind Even More of the World's Most Interesting Facts. \" The newsletter is also being expanded to a YouTube series featuring Matt Silverman. Topics in the newsletter range from to topical coverage such as the history of collect calling in the United States, to where the fear of poisoned Halloween candy comes from. Lewis is a lawyer and co-founder of ArmchairGM, which was purchased by Wikia. He was an early blogger and is currently the Senior Director of Digital Marketing at Sesame Workshop where he used to tweet for Big Bird and started most of Sesame Street's social media accounts. Lewis was also the Connecticut State Magic the Gathering Champion in 1997."], "answer": {"text": "If Romulus was named after the city, it is more likely that he was historical.", "answer_start": 1159}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about Romulus?", "answer": {"text": "Romulus himself was the subject of the famous legend of the suckling she-wolf (lupa) that kept Romulus and his twin Remus alive", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was this legend about?", "answer": {"text": "alive in a cave on the Palatine Hill (the Lupercal) after they had been thrown into the river Tiber on the orders of their wicked uncle, Amulius.", "answer_start": 122, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a significant aspect of the article that stood out to you?", "answer": {"text": "Mainstream scholarly opinion regards Romulus as an entirely mythical character, and the legend fictitious.", "answer_start": 522, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their opinions about it?", "answer": {"text": "Romulus was a name fabricated to provide Rome with an eponymous founding hero, a common feature of classical foundation-myths;", "answer_start": 643, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Romulus popular?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is there anything significant that Romulus did during his time?", "answer": {"text": "In contrast, Andrea Carandini, an archaeologist who has spent most of his career excavating central Rome, advanced the theory that Romulus was a historical figure", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did they have that theory?", "answer": {"text": "it appears that the Romulus legend of the suckling she-wolf is a genuine indigenous Latin myth.", "answer_start": 499, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "is there anything else that you thought was interesting in the article?", "answer": {"text": "\". It has been suggested that the name \"Roma\" was of Etruscan origin, or that it was derived from the Latin word ruma (\"teat\"),", "answer_start": 931, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ad0d42cc2462422fbf95d2b24530516c_0_q#0", "question": "What are Invictus Games?", "rewrite": "What are Invictus Games?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2016 Invictus Games The 2016 Invictus Games was the second edition of the Invictus Games. On 14 July 2015, Prince Harry, Patron of Invictus Games Foundation, announced the 2016 Invictus Games would take place from 8\u201312 May 2016 at the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex in Orlando, Florida. On 28 October 2015, Prince Harry and USA's First Lady Michelle Obama and Second Lady Jill Biden, launched Invictus Games 2016 at Fort Belvoir. In order to bring Invictus Games to the USA, Military Adaptive Sports Inc. (MASI) was created, and worked to build on the success of the Invictus Games 2014 held in London. Board Members of Military Adaptive Sports Inc. Ken Fisher served as Chairman and CEO for Invictus Games Orlando 2016. All 14 countries from the 2014 Games were invited back, while Jordan was the only new invitee. ", "2018 Invictus Games The 2018 Invictus Games was an adaptive mulit-sport event for wounded, injured and ill veteran and active defence personnel, held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The fourth Invictus Games, an event founded in 2014 by the Duke of Sussex Prince Harry, included 13 sports (11 medal sports). It was the first Invictus Games held in the southern hemisphere. The events were staged on and around Sydney Harbour and at Sydney Olympic Park, in venues used for the 2000 Summer Olympics. Jaguar Land Rover was the Presenting Partner for 2018 Sydney Invictus Games, as it had been for the Invictus Games since its inception in London in 2014. Premier Partners were Fisher House Foundation, Medibank, Sage Group, UNSW Canberra and Westpac. Aon, Boeing, Defence Housing Australia, Fidelity, Hyatt Regency Sydney, icare, ISPS Handa, Leidos, Lockheed Martin, Minter Ellison, Raytheon, Royal Australian Mint, SAAB Australia, Ticketek, Unisys and Workwear Group were Official Supporters. The event Official Suppliers were Amazon, Accor, CSM Live, George P. Johnson, Gold Medal Systems, Goodman, Great Big Events, Harvey Norman, Isentia, Norwest, Ottobock, Pages and Technical Direction Company. The Packer Family Foundation was a Philanthropic Supporter. Founding Partners were the Australian Defence Force, Deloitte, Legacy NSW, Clubs NSW and RSL NSW. The Australian government donated $10,000 to the Games to mark the occasion of the wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle. All 17 countries from the 2017 Games were invited to attend, with Poland joining for the first time, for a total of 18 countries. Another team titled \"Unconquered\" also participated in certain events consisting of competitors from multiple nations.", "The first Invictus Games were held on 10\u201314 September 2014. Around 300 competitors from 13 countries which have fought alongside the United Kingdom in recent military campaigns participated. Competitive events were held at many of the venues used during the 2012 Olympics, including the Copper Box and the Lee Valley Athletics Centre. The Games were broadcast by the BBC. 14 countries were invited to the 2014 games, 8 from Europe, 2 from Asia, 2 from North America and 2 from Oceania. No countries from Africa were invited. There were teams from all the invited countries, except Iraq, competing in the games. The closing concert was broadcast on BBC Two hosted by Clare Balding and Greg James. The concert was hosted by Nick Grimshaw and Fearne Cotton, with live performances from Foo Fighters, Kaiser Chiefs, James Blunt, Rizzle Kicks, Ryan Adams and Ellie Goulding. On 14 July 2015, Prince Harry, Patron of Invictus Games Foundation, announced the 2016 Invictus Games would take place from 8\u201312 May 2016 at the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex in Orlando, Florida. On 28 October 2015, Prince Harry and USA's First Lady Michelle Obama and Second Lady Jill Biden, launched Invictus Games 2016 at Fort Belvoir. In order to bring Invictus Games to the USA, Military Adaptive Sports Inc. (MASI) was created, and worked to build on the success of the Invictus Games 2014 held in London. Ken Fisher served as Chairman and CEO for Invictus Games Orlando 2016. All 14 countries from the 2014 Games were invited back, while Jordan was the only new invitee. Toronto hosted the 2017 Invictus Games in September 2017 during Canada's sesquicentennial.", "On 15 May 2014, Harry attended a ticket sale launch for Invictus Games at BT Tower, from where he tweeted on the Invictus Games' official Twitter account as the president of the Games. To promote the Games, he was interviewed by BBC Radio 2's Chris Evans along with two Invictus Games hopefuls. He said: \"This (Invictus Games) is basically my full-time job at the moment, making sure that we pull this off.\" The show aired on 31 July 2014. Harry later wrote an article in \"The Sunday Times\" about his experiences in Afghanistan: how they had inspired him to help injured personnel and how, after the trip to the Warrior Games, he had vowed to create the Invictus Games. Harry and officials attended the British Armed Forces Team announcement for Invictus Games at Potters Field Park in August 2014. As president of the Invictus Games, he attended all events related to the Games from 8 to 14 September 2014. In January 2015, it was reported that Harry would take a new role in supporting wounded service personnel by working alongside members of the London District's Personal Recovery Unit for the MOD's Defence Recovery Capability scheme to ensure that wounded personnel have adequate recovery plans. The palace confirmed weeks later that the scheme was established in partnership with Help for Heroes and the Royal British Legion. In late January 2015, Harry visited The Battle Back Centre set up by the Royal British Legion, and Fisher House UK at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham. A partnership between Help for Heroes, the Fisher House Foundation and the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham (QEHB) Charity created the Centre. Fisher House Foundation is one of the Invictus Games' sponsors. In February and March 2015, Harry visited Phoenix House in Catterick Garrison, North Yorkshire, a recovery centre run by Help for Heroes.", "On 17 January 2014, the Ministry of Defence announced that Harry had completed his attachment to 3 Regiment Army Air Corps and would take up a staff officer role at the position of SO3 (Defence Engagement) in HQ London District. His responsibilities would include helping to co-ordinate significant projects and commemorative events involving the Army in London. He was based at Horse Guards in central London. On 6 March 2014, Prince Harry launched Invictus Games, a Paralympic-style sporting event for injured servicemen and women, which was held on 10-14 September 2014. Prince Harry met British hopefuls for the Invictus Games at Tedworth House for the start of the selection process on 29 April 2014. On 15 May 2014, Harry attended a ticket sale launch for Invictus Games at BT Tower, where he made a public tweet on the Invictus Games' official Twitter account as the president of Invictus Games. To promote the Games, Prince Harry was interviewed by BBC Radio 2's Chris Evans along with two Invictus Games hopefuls. He said: \"This (Invictus Games) is basically my full-time job at the moment, making sure that we pull this off.\" The show aired on 31 July 2014. Harry later wrote an article in The Sunday Times about his experiences in Afghanistan: how they had inspired him to help injured personnel and how, after the trip to the Warrior Games, he had vowed to create the Invictus Games. Harry and officials attended the British Armed Forces Team announcement for Invictus Games at Potters Field Park in August 2014, and as president of the Invictus Games, Harry attended all events related to the Games from 8 to 14 September 2014."], "answer": {"text": "a Paralympic-style sporting event for injured servicemen and women,", "answer_start": 466}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_ad0d42cc2462422fbf95d2b24530516c_0_q#2", "question": "Did he participate in these games?", "rewrite": "Did Prince Harry participate in the Invictus games?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["The first Invictus Games were held on 10\u201314 September 2014. Around 300 competitors from 13 countries which have fought alongside the United Kingdom in recent military campaigns participated. Competitive events were held at many of the venues used during the 2012 Olympics, including the Copper Box and the Lee Valley Athletics Centre. The Games were broadcast by the BBC. 14 countries were invited to the 2014 games, 8 from Europe, 2 from Asia, 2 from North America and 2 from Oceania. No countries from Africa were invited. There were teams from all the invited countries, except Iraq, competing in the games. The closing concert was broadcast on BBC Two hosted by Clare Balding and Greg James. The concert was hosted by Nick Grimshaw and Fearne Cotton, with live performances from Foo Fighters, Kaiser Chiefs, James Blunt, Rizzle Kicks, Ryan Adams and Ellie Goulding. On 14 July 2015, Prince Harry, Patron of Invictus Games Foundation, announced the 2016 Invictus Games would take place from 8\u201312 May 2016 at the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex in Orlando, Florida. On 28 October 2015, Prince Harry and USA's First Lady Michelle Obama and Second Lady Jill Biden, launched Invictus Games 2016 at Fort Belvoir. In order to bring Invictus Games to the USA, Military Adaptive Sports Inc. (MASI) was created, and worked to build on the success of the Invictus Games 2014 held in London. Ken Fisher served as Chairman and CEO for Invictus Games Orlando 2016. All 14 countries from the 2014 Games were invited back, while Jordan was the only new invitee. Toronto hosted the 2017 Invictus Games in September 2017 during Canada's sesquicentennial.", "2016 Invictus Games The 2016 Invictus Games was the second edition of the Invictus Games. On 14 July 2015, Prince Harry, Patron of Invictus Games Foundation, announced the 2016 Invictus Games would take place from 8\u201312 May 2016 at the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex in Orlando, Florida. On 28 October 2015, Prince Harry and USA's First Lady Michelle Obama and Second Lady Jill Biden, launched Invictus Games 2016 at Fort Belvoir. In order to bring Invictus Games to the USA, Military Adaptive Sports Inc. (MASI) was created, and worked to build on the success of the Invictus Games 2014 held in London. Board Members of Military Adaptive Sports Inc. Ken Fisher served as Chairman and CEO for Invictus Games Orlando 2016. All 14 countries from the 2014 Games were invited back, while Jordan was the only new invitee. ", "2018 Invictus Games The 2018 Invictus Games was an adaptive mulit-sport event for wounded, injured and ill veteran and active defence personnel, held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The fourth Invictus Games, an event founded in 2014 by the Duke of Sussex Prince Harry, included 13 sports (11 medal sports). It was the first Invictus Games held in the southern hemisphere. The events were staged on and around Sydney Harbour and at Sydney Olympic Park, in venues used for the 2000 Summer Olympics. Jaguar Land Rover was the Presenting Partner for 2018 Sydney Invictus Games, as it had been for the Invictus Games since its inception in London in 2014. Premier Partners were Fisher House Foundation, Medibank, Sage Group, UNSW Canberra and Westpac. Aon, Boeing, Defence Housing Australia, Fidelity, Hyatt Regency Sydney, icare, ISPS Handa, Leidos, Lockheed Martin, Minter Ellison, Raytheon, Royal Australian Mint, SAAB Australia, Ticketek, Unisys and Workwear Group were Official Supporters. The event Official Suppliers were Amazon, Accor, CSM Live, George P. Johnson, Gold Medal Systems, Goodman, Great Big Events, Harvey Norman, Isentia, Norwest, Ottobock, Pages and Technical Direction Company. The Packer Family Foundation was a Philanthropic Supporter. Founding Partners were the Australian Defence Force, Deloitte, Legacy NSW, Clubs NSW and RSL NSW. The Australian government donated $10,000 to the Games to mark the occasion of the wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle. All 17 countries from the 2017 Games were invited to attend, with Poland joining for the first time, for a total of 18 countries. Another team titled \"Unconquered\" also participated in certain events consisting of competitors from multiple nations.", "Invictus Games The Invictus Games is an international adaptive multi-sport event, created by Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, in which wounded, injured or sick armed services personnel and their associated veterans take part in nine sports including wheelchair basketball, sitting volleyball, and indoor rowing. Named after Invictus, Latin for \"unconquered\" or \"undefeated\", the event was inspired by the Warrior Games, a similar event held in the United States. The first Invictus Games took place in September 2014 at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in London, United Kingdom. The 2014 opening ceremony was attended by Prince Harry, British Prime Minister David Cameron, Prince Charles, Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, Prince William, and Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark. The event also included a recorded message from the First Lady of the United States Michelle Obama. The second games opened on 8 May 2016 at the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex at Walt Disney World, near Orlando, Florida, United States. The opening ceremony was attended by Prince Harry, First Lady of the United States Michelle Obama, former U.S. President George W. Bush and many other dignitaries. U.S. President Barack Obama and Queen Elizabeth II helped make a promotional video for the 2016 event. The third games were held in September 2017 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, where Prince Harry made one of his first high-profile public appearances with Meghan Markle, who he later married. The 2018 games were held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia and attended by both Prince Harry and his new wife, Meghan, Duchess of Sussex. The 2020 games are scheduled to be held in The Hague, Netherlands in May. The Games were launched on 6 March 2014 by Prince Harry at London's Copper Box arena, used as a venue during the 2012 Olympics.", "On 17 January 2014, the Ministry of Defence announced that Harry had completed his attachment to 3 Regiment Army Air Corps and would take up a staff officer role at the position of SO3 (Defence Engagement) in HQ London District. His responsibilities would include helping to co-ordinate significant projects and commemorative events involving the Army in London. He was based at Horse Guards in central London. On 6 March 2014, Prince Harry launched Invictus Games, a Paralympic-style sporting event for injured servicemen and women, which was held on 10-14 September 2014. Prince Harry met British hopefuls for the Invictus Games at Tedworth House for the start of the selection process on 29 April 2014. On 15 May 2014, Harry attended a ticket sale launch for Invictus Games at BT Tower, where he made a public tweet on the Invictus Games' official Twitter account as the president of Invictus Games. To promote the Games, Prince Harry was interviewed by BBC Radio 2's Chris Evans along with two Invictus Games hopefuls. He said: \"This (Invictus Games) is basically my full-time job at the moment, making sure that we pull this off.\" The show aired on 31 July 2014. Harry later wrote an article in The Sunday Times about his experiences in Afghanistan: how they had inspired him to help injured personnel and how, after the trip to the Warrior Games, he had vowed to create the Invictus Games. Harry and officials attended the British Armed Forces Team announcement for Invictus Games at Potters Field Park in August 2014, and as president of the Invictus Games, Harry attended all events related to the Games from 8 to 14 September 2014."], "answer": {"text": "Harry attended all events related to the Games from 8 to 14 September 2014.", "answer_start": 1565}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What are Invictus Games?", "answer": {"text": "a Paralympic-style sporting event for injured servicemen and women,", "answer_start": 466, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he an injured serviceman?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ad0d42cc2462422fbf95d2b24530516c_0_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Prince Harry attending the Invictus Games, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Invictus Games The Invictus Games is an international adaptive multi-sport event, created by Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, in which wounded, injured or sick armed services personnel and their associated veterans take part in nine sports including wheelchair basketball, sitting volleyball, and indoor rowing. Named after Invictus, Latin for \"unconquered\" or \"undefeated\", the event was inspired by the Warrior Games, a similar event held in the United States. The first Invictus Games took place in September 2014 at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in London, United Kingdom. The 2014 opening ceremony was attended by Prince Harry, British Prime Minister David Cameron, Prince Charles, Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, Prince William, and Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark. The event also included a recorded message from the First Lady of the United States Michelle Obama. The second games opened on 8 May 2016 at the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex at Walt Disney World, near Orlando, Florida, United States. The opening ceremony was attended by Prince Harry, First Lady of the United States Michelle Obama, former U.S. President George W. Bush and many other dignitaries. U.S. President Barack Obama and Queen Elizabeth II helped make a promotional video for the 2016 event. The third games were held in September 2017 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, where Prince Harry made one of his first high-profile public appearances with Meghan Markle, who he later married. The 2018 games were held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia and attended by both Prince Harry and his new wife, Meghan, Duchess of Sussex. The 2020 games are scheduled to be held in The Hague, Netherlands in May. The Games were launched on 6 March 2014 by Prince Harry at London's Copper Box arena, used as a venue during the 2012 Olympics.", "2016 Invictus Games The 2016 Invictus Games was the second edition of the Invictus Games. On 14 July 2015, Prince Harry, Patron of Invictus Games Foundation, announced the 2016 Invictus Games would take place from 8\u201312 May 2016 at the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex in Orlando, Florida. On 28 October 2015, Prince Harry and USA's First Lady Michelle Obama and Second Lady Jill Biden, launched Invictus Games 2016 at Fort Belvoir. In order to bring Invictus Games to the USA, Military Adaptive Sports Inc. (MASI) was created, and worked to build on the success of the Invictus Games 2014 held in London. Board Members of Military Adaptive Sports Inc. Ken Fisher served as Chairman and CEO for Invictus Games Orlando 2016. All 14 countries from the 2014 Games were invited back, while Jordan was the only new invitee. ", "On 17 January 2014, the Ministry of Defence announced that Harry had completed his attachment to 3 Regiment Army Air Corps and would take up a staff officer role at the position of SO3 (Defence Engagement) in HQ London District. His responsibilities would include helping to co-ordinate significant projects and commemorative events involving the Army in London. He was based at Horse Guards in central London. On 6 March 2014, Prince Harry launched Invictus Games, a Paralympic-style sporting event for injured servicemen and women, which was held on 10-14 September 2014. Prince Harry met British hopefuls for the Invictus Games at Tedworth House for the start of the selection process on 29 April 2014. On 15 May 2014, Harry attended a ticket sale launch for Invictus Games at BT Tower, where he made a public tweet on the Invictus Games' official Twitter account as the president of Invictus Games. To promote the Games, Prince Harry was interviewed by BBC Radio 2's Chris Evans along with two Invictus Games hopefuls. He said: \"This (Invictus Games) is basically my full-time job at the moment, making sure that we pull this off.\" The show aired on 31 July 2014. Harry later wrote an article in The Sunday Times about his experiences in Afghanistan: how they had inspired him to help injured personnel and how, after the trip to the Warrior Games, he had vowed to create the Invictus Games. Harry and officials attended the British Armed Forces Team announcement for Invictus Games at Potters Field Park in August 2014, and as president of the Invictus Games, Harry attended all events related to the Games from 8 to 14 September 2014.", "2018 Invictus Games The 2018 Invictus Games was an adaptive mulit-sport event for wounded, injured and ill veteran and active defence personnel, held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The fourth Invictus Games, an event founded in 2014 by the Duke of Sussex Prince Harry, included 13 sports (11 medal sports). It was the first Invictus Games held in the southern hemisphere. The events were staged on and around Sydney Harbour and at Sydney Olympic Park, in venues used for the 2000 Summer Olympics. Jaguar Land Rover was the Presenting Partner for 2018 Sydney Invictus Games, as it had been for the Invictus Games since its inception in London in 2014. Premier Partners were Fisher House Foundation, Medibank, Sage Group, UNSW Canberra and Westpac. Aon, Boeing, Defence Housing Australia, Fidelity, Hyatt Regency Sydney, icare, ISPS Handa, Leidos, Lockheed Martin, Minter Ellison, Raytheon, Royal Australian Mint, SAAB Australia, Ticketek, Unisys and Workwear Group were Official Supporters. The event Official Suppliers were Amazon, Accor, CSM Live, George P. Johnson, Gold Medal Systems, Goodman, Great Big Events, Harvey Norman, Isentia, Norwest, Ottobock, Pages and Technical Direction Company. The Packer Family Foundation was a Philanthropic Supporter. Founding Partners were the Australian Defence Force, Deloitte, Legacy NSW, Clubs NSW and RSL NSW. The Australian government donated $10,000 to the Games to mark the occasion of the wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle. All 17 countries from the 2017 Games were invited to attend, with Poland joining for the first time, for a total of 18 countries. Another team titled \"Unconquered\" also participated in certain events consisting of competitors from multiple nations.", "The first Invictus Games were held on 10\u201314 September 2014. Around 300 competitors from 13 countries which have fought alongside the United Kingdom in recent military campaigns participated. Competitive events were held at many of the venues used during the 2012 Olympics, including the Copper Box and the Lee Valley Athletics Centre. The Games were broadcast by the BBC. 14 countries were invited to the 2014 games, 8 from Europe, 2 from Asia, 2 from North America and 2 from Oceania. No countries from Africa were invited. There were teams from all the invited countries, except Iraq, competing in the games. The closing concert was broadcast on BBC Two hosted by Clare Balding and Greg James. The concert was hosted by Nick Grimshaw and Fearne Cotton, with live performances from Foo Fighters, Kaiser Chiefs, James Blunt, Rizzle Kicks, Ryan Adams and Ellie Goulding. On 14 July 2015, Prince Harry, Patron of Invictus Games Foundation, announced the 2016 Invictus Games would take place from 8\u201312 May 2016 at the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex in Orlando, Florida. On 28 October 2015, Prince Harry and USA's First Lady Michelle Obama and Second Lady Jill Biden, launched Invictus Games 2016 at Fort Belvoir. In order to bring Invictus Games to the USA, Military Adaptive Sports Inc. (MASI) was created, and worked to build on the success of the Invictus Games 2014 held in London. Ken Fisher served as Chairman and CEO for Invictus Games Orlando 2016. All 14 countries from the 2014 Games were invited back, while Jordan was the only new invitee. Toronto hosted the 2017 Invictus Games in September 2017 during Canada's sesquicentennial."], "answer": {"text": "In January 2015, it was reported that Harry would take a new role in supporting wounded service personnel by working alongside members of the London District's Personal Recovery", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are Invictus Games?", "answer": {"text": "a Paralympic-style sporting event for injured servicemen and women,", "answer_start": 466, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he an injured serviceman?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he participate in these games?", "answer": {"text": "Harry attended all events related to the Games from 8 to 14 September 2014.", "answer_start": 1565, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_519a383a8c894e3ab3c384832953145a_1_q#0", "question": "What is the brigade command?", "rewrite": "What is the brigade command?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1975 the XI Carabinieri Mechanized Brigade changed its name in 11th Carabinieri Mechanized Brigade (with Arabic numerals) and in 1976 the formation was renamed 11th Carabinieri Brigade; at the same time, the Brigade Command was tasked to exercise only training and logistical authority. In 1977, the three Carabinieri Regiments were disestablished and 4th Carabinieri Cavalry Regiment changed its name in Carabinieri Cavalry Regiment, with the Battalions being directly under the Brigade Command. The following year an Inspecting Colonel was appointed, while in 1979 two additional Colonels followed. In 1980, the Inspectorate changed its name to Carabinieri Division School and Special Carabinieri Units \"\"Palidoro\"\". In 1985, the Command was deprived of training component and was reorganized on the XI Brigade (Carabinieri Battalions) and the XII Brigade (specialist units); the brigade was therefore placed under a command called Carabinieri Mobile and Special Units Division \"\"Palidoro\"\". Overall, Carabinieri Battalions were divided into two groups, according to the main type (motorized or mechanized unit) of unit the unit deployed. During the Years of Lead and the subsequent period, however, most of the Battalions reduced their military training in order to deal with riot control activities. 7th and 13th Battalions maintained instead their military capabilities and were transferred under direct Army operational control. Each infantry company of each Battalion established, in this period, an \"Intervention Platoon\", in order to upgrade the responsiveness to serious riots. In the 1976 Friuli earthquake, the XIII Carabinieri Battalion \"\"Friuli Venezia Giulia\"\", IV Carabinieri Battalion \"\"Veneto\"\" and VII Carabinieri Battalion \"\"Trentino Alto Adige\"\" intervened paying rescue and providing police and utility services.", "His command was deployed on the right flank of Col. Jacob B. Sweitzer's 2nd Brigade in between the Peach Orchard and the Wheatfield on July 2, 1863. What followed has remained controversial. When Barnes's division was under attack, he told both brigade commanders they could retreat. Sweitzer saw this as a peremptory command, but Tilton described this in his report as discretionary. Whatever the truth of this, Tilton said he reconnoitered and discovered a large Confederate force coming up on his left flank. This led him to order a retreat. This left a gap in the Federal line, and other veterans later criticized the actions of Tilton and Barnes. On July 3, the 1st Brigade relieved Col. Strong Vincent's 3rd Brigade, which had passed to Col. James C. Rice after Vincent had been killed in the defense of Little Round Top. Tilton reported only 474 soldiers present for duty at Gettysburg and a loss of 109 from that number. Another estimate is that Tilton lost 125 of 655 men, a loss of 19.1%, a low percentage compared to Sweitzer's 30% reported by the same author. After Gettysburg, Tilton retained brigade command until August 18, 1863. He returned to regimental command until November 19, when he again resumed brigade command. When the Army of the Potomac was reorganized in 1864 for Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's Overland Campaign, Tilton was assigned to lead his regiment in Jacob Sweitzer's brigade of Griffin's division. He served in that role in the Battle of the Wilderness, the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, and the Battle of Cold Harbor, as well as in the early stages of the Siege of Petersburg. Tilton remained in regimental command until June 18, 1864, when he again became acting brigade commander until August 22.", "However, the brigade never had responsibility for actual unitary operational command, lacking supports due to a political choice, but exercised the tasks of instruction and preparation for the riot control activities. In the 1963 reorganization, Mobile Battalions were renamed simply Battalions and were marked with a sequential number, while remaining administratively dependent on the relevant Legion; the Battalions Groups were renamed Carabinieri Regiments, and were given the conceptual role of a resolution unit in both riot and tactical tasks; In accordance with the Picchiotti-De Lorenzo proposal, Regiments had only disciplinary, training and deployment functions, while general management rested within the relevant Legion. The newly formed Mechanized Brigade exercised its operational and training authority on: The command structure of the XI Carabinieri Mechanized Brigade consisted of: The 1963 reorganization did not mark the end of the organizational shifts. In 1964, 1st Carabinieri Helicopter Section was established. Between 1973 and 1976, the 5th Carabinieri Regiment (HQ Mestre) also existed, including IV, VII and XIII Battalions. On 1 September 1977, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Carabinieri Regiments were disestablished and their Battalions were transferred under the direct operational and training authority of the 11th Mechanized Brigade; the 4th Mounted Carabinieri Regiment was renamed Mounted Carabinieri Regiment. In 1975 the XI Carabinieri Mechanized Brigade changed its name in 11th Carabinieri Mechanized Brigade (with Arabic numerals) and in 1976 the formation was renamed 11th Carabinieri Brigade; at the same time, the Brigade Command was tasked to exercise only training and logistical authority. In 1977, the three Carabinieri Regiments were disestablished and 4th Carabinieri Cavalry Regiment changed its name in Carabinieri Cavalry Regiment, with the Battalions being directly under the Brigade Command. The following year an Inspecting Colonel was appointed, while in 1979 two additional Colonels followed.", "In 1975 the XI Carabinieri Mechanized Brigade changed its name in 11th Carabinieri Mechanized Brigade (with Arabic numerals) and in 1976 the formation was renamed 11th Carabinieri Brigade; at the same time, the Brigade Command was tasked to exercise only training and logistical authority. In 1977, the three Carabinieri Regiments were disestablished and 4th Carabinieri Cavalry Regiment changed its name in Carabinieri Cavalry Regiment, with the Battalions being directly under the Brigade Command. The following year an Inspecting Colonel was appointed, while in 1979 two additional Colonels followed. In 1980, the Inspectorate changed its name to Command Division School and Special Carabinieri Units \"\"Palidoro\"\". In 1985, the department was deprived of training component and was reorganized on the XI Brigade (Carabinieri Battalions) and the XII Brigade (specialist units); the brigade was therefore placed under a command called Carabinieri Mobile and Special Units Division \"\"Palidoro\"\". Overall, Carabinieri Battalions were divided into two groups, according to the main type (motorized or mechanized unit) of unit the unit deployed. During the Years of Lead and the subsequent period, however, most of the Battalions reduced their military training in order to deal with riot control activities. 7th and 13th Battalions maintained instead their military capabilities and were transferred under direct Army operational control. Each infantry company of each Battalion established, in this period, an \"Intervention Platoon\", in order to upgrade the responsiveness to serious riots. In the 1976 Friuli earthquake, the XIII Carabinieri Battalion \"\"Friuli Venezia Giulia\"\", IV Carabinieri Battalion \"\"Veneto\"\" and VII Carabinieri Battalion \"\"Trentino Alto Adige\"\" intervened paying rescue and providing police and utility services.", "He practiced law until the beginning of the Civil War in 1861. Throughout the 1850s, he remained active in the local militia. With the outbreak of the war and the subsequent calls to arms by President Abraham Lincoln and then by the Governor of Pennsylvania, Andrew Curtin, Coulter raised a company of soldiers and was elected as their first captain. The company soon was made part of the 11th Pennsylvania Volunteers, in which Coulter was promoted to lieutenant colonel on April 26, 1861. When the regiment was reorganized as a three-year regiment on November 27, 1861, Coulter became the regimental commander until the end of the war in 1865. Coulter's regiment fought at Cedar Mountain, Thoroughfare Gap, and Second Bull Run. At the Battle of Antietam, Coulter assumed command of the 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, I Corps when Brig. Gen. George L. Hartsuff was wounded. Returning to regimental command Coulter fought at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, being wounded in the former. At the battle of Gettysburg Coulter assumed command of the 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, I Corps when Brig. Gen. Gabriel R. Paul and all other ranking officers were wounded on July 1 near Oak Ridge. Coulter himself was wounded but retained brigade commanded until July 3 when he briefly turned over command before resuming command the same day. At the start of the 1864 Overland Campaign, Coulter was in command of his regiment but once again assumed brigade command ( 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, V Corps) at the Wilderness when Brig. Gen. Henry Baxter was wounded on the second day of the battle. At Spotsylvania he assumed command of the 2nd Division, V Corps when Brig. Gen. John C. Robinson was wounded and led the division for two days before returning to brigade command. On May 18, 1864 Coulter received a wound that incapacitated him for the next several months."], "answer": {"text": "Custer to brigadier general of volunteers, commanding the Michigan Cavalry Brigade", "answer_start": 482}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_519a383a8c894e3ab3c384832953145a_1_q#1", "question": "What happened there?", "rewrite": "What happened in the Michigan Cavalry Brigade?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["4th Michigan Volunteer Cavalry Regiment 4th Michigan Cavalry was a regiment of cavalry in the Union Army during the American Civil War fighting in the western front as part of the Army of the Cumberland. It was noted as being the regiment that captured the fleeing President of the Confederate States of America, Jefferson Davis, as the Confederacy collapsed in the spring of 1865. The regiment was organized at Detroit, Michigan, and mustered in on August 29, 1862, under the command of Colonel Robert Horatio George Minty of Jackson, Michigan, Lieutenant Colonel of the 3rd Michigan Cavalry Division. Regimental staff included Lieutenant Colonel Benjamin Dudley Pritchard of Allegan, Michigan, Major Josiah B. Park of Ovid, Major William H. Dickinson of Grand Rapids, Major Horace Gray of Grosse Ile, Surgeon George W. Fish of Flint, Assistant Surgeon John H. Bacon of Lansing, Adjutant Joseph W. Huston of Paw Paw, Quartermaster Walter C. Arthur of Detroit, Quartermaster Chauncey C. Douglass of Grand Rapids and Commissary Edwin H. Porter of Kalamazoo. Among the men who served in the 4th Michigan Cavalry was James Vernor, Sr., who after the war became a well known pharmacist and the developer of Vernor's Ginger Ale. Another early recruit was future Michigan politician Levi T. Griffin. After training and drilling, it left the state with an enrolment of 1,233 officers and men on September 26, 1862, for duty in Louisville, Kentucky. It saw its first engagement at Stanford Kentucky, fighting the forces of Confederate General John Morgan, attached to the 1st Brigade, Cavalry Division, Army of the Ohio until November 1862. Other assignments during the war included: The 4th Michigan Cavalry fought alongside the 7th Pennsylvania Cavalry, the 4th United States Cavalry and the Chicago Board of Trade Battery as part of Colonel Minty's Sabre Brigade for much of the war.", "He and his wife, Mary Jane, relocated several miles to the southwest on the north shore of Orchard Lake, in West Bloomfield Township, Michigan. There he built his \"castle\", which still stands today as the nucleus of St. Mary's College and Preparatory School. In the spring of 1860, Joseph and his brother Samuel formed a company to finance a mining expedition to the Colorado Territory. A party of seventeen, including five of Joseph's brothers, took a train to Saint Joseph, Missouri, the western-most rail terminal at the time, and then set off in eleven covered wagons packed with a year's provisions. Three of the group, including Samuel, stayed in the mountains west of Denver long enough to take part in the Colorado Territory's first election on August 19, 1861. Roscoe, Joseph's youngest brother, details the entire adventure - which unfortunately failed to make them all rich - in a fascinating letter to his children. A seasoned military man, having been promoted to Colonel in the Maine Militia in the 1830s, Copeland offered his service at the brink of the Civil War. He joined the 1st Michigan Volunteer Cavalry Regiment at its organization, as Lieutenant Colonel, when age 48. He was commissioned and mustered August 22, 1861. When the 5th Michigan Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was organized August 14, 1862, Joseph was commissioned its Colonel. Copeland was one of the first officers to appreciate the significance of the Spencer repeating rifle and supplied the 5th and 6th Michigan Cavalry regiments with the rifles. On November 29, 1862 he was given a star and assigned to command the Michigan Cavalry Brigade (Michigan Brigade), which consisted of several cavalry regiments. Copeland and the Michigan Cavalry Brigade distinguished themselves at the First Battle of Kernstown. \"When the Confederates broke, he [Copeland] unleashed his men\u2026in pursuit.", "4th (Secunderabad) Cavalry Brigade The 4th (Secunderabad) Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Indian Army that formed part of the Indian Army during the First World War. It was formed as Secunderabad Cavalry Brigade in February 1915 to replace the original brigade that had been mobilized as the 9th (Secunderabad) Cavalry Brigade for service on the Western Front. It remained in India throughout the war. The brigade continued to exist between the wars and by September 1939 it was designated 4th (Secunderabad) Cavalry Brigade. It briefly served as part of the Indian Army during the Second World War before being broken up in July 1940. At the outbreak of the First World War, the Secunderabad Cavalry Brigade was part of the 9th (Secunderabad) Division. It was mobilized in August 1914 as the 9th (Secunderabad) Cavalry Brigade with the first elements of Indian Expeditionary Force A. It departed for the Western Front, arriving in France on 12 October 1914. It was attached to the newly formed 1st Indian Cavalry Division before joining the 2nd Indian Cavalry Division on 23 December 1914. On 3 February 1915 a new Secunderabad Cavalry Brigade was formed in 9th (Secunderabed) Division to replace the original brigade and to take over its area responsibilities. The brigade served with the division in India throughout the First World War. The brigade remained unnumbered throughout the First World War, the only unnumbered Indian cavalry brigade. The brigade continued to exist between the world wars. In September 1920 it was redesignated as the 5th Indian Cavalry Brigade and in 1923 as 4th Indian Cavalry Brigade. Later in the decade it regained its geographical designation as 4th (Secunderabad) Cavalry Brigade. From 1920 it was under the command of the Poona District and from 1927 under the Deccan District. At the outbreak of the Second World War, the brigade was still under the command of Deccan District.", "Michigan Brigade The Michigan Brigade, sometimes called the Wolverines, the Michigan Cavalry Brigade or Custer's Brigade, was a brigade of cavalry in the volunteer Union Army during the latter half of the American Civil War. Composed primarily of the 1st Michigan Cavalry, 5th Michigan Cavalry, 6th Michigan Cavalry and 7th Michigan Cavalry, the Michigan Brigade fought in every major campaign of the Army of the Potomac from the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863 to the Confederate surrender at Appomattox Court House in April 1865. The brigade first gained fame during the Gettysburg Campaign under the command of youthful Brigadier General George Armstrong Custer. After the war, several men associated with the brigade joined the 7th U.S. Cavalry Regiment and later fought again under Custer in the Old West frontier. The Michigan Cavalry Brigade was created on December 12, 1862, at Washington, D.C.. It originally consisted of the 5th, 6th and 7th Michigan Cavalry regiments, under the command of General Joseph T. Copeland. During the early part of the 1863 Gettysburg Campaign, the 1st Michigan Cavalry and Battery M, 2nd United States Artillery were added to the brigade in central Maryland as part of a major reorganization of the Army of the Potomac's Cavalry Corps by its commander, Alfred Pleasonton. The larger brigade was assigned to the newly promoted Custer, who assumed command near Westminster, Maryland. The Michigan Brigade saw its first combat action as an entity at the Battle of Hanover in southern Pennsylvania on June 30, 1863. There, Custer's men were deployed as a strong advance skirmish line south of town. Two days later, on July 2, the brigade participated in the Battle of Hunterstown, where one of the Wolverines, Norville Churchill, rescued a fallen Custer, who was pinned in the road under his slain horse. At the subsequent Battle of Gettysburg, the Michigan Brigade was posted east of Gettysburg along the Hanover Road on July 3.", "2nd Michigan Volunteer Cavalry Regiment The 2nd Regiment Michigan Volunteer Cavalry was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 2nd Michigan Cavalry was organized at Detroit, Michigan, on October 2, 1861. Their full strength numbered 1,163 officers and enlisted men upon completion of recruitment. The 2nd Michigan Cavalry was initially placed in St. Louis at the Benton Barracks with the 2nd Iowa Cavalry. The regiment trained and drilled at the Benton Barracks under the newly promoted Colonel Gordon Granger. The 2nd Michigan Cavalry joined a newly formed cavalry brigade in John Pope's Army of the Mississippi. At the Battle of Island Number Ten, Ltc. Seldon H. Gorham was acting as head of the regiment as Col. Gordon Granger was elevated to lead the brigade. The brigade consisted of two regiments, the 2nd Michigan and 3rd Michigan Cavalry. \"Granger's 2nd Michigan Cavalry helped capture Point Pleasant, 12 miles southwest of New Madrid where the river could be blocked to prevent Confederate reinforcements coming up.\" The regiment was mustered out of service on August 17, 1865. The regiment suffered 4 officers and 70 enlisted men killed in action or mortally wounded and 2 officers and 266 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 342 fatalities."], "answer": {"text": "Custer lost no time in implanting his aggressive character on his brigade,", "answer_start": 698}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the brigade command?", "answer": {"text": "Custer to brigadier general of volunteers, commanding the Michigan Cavalry Brigade", "answer_start": 482, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_519a383a8c894e3ab3c384832953145a_1_q#2", "question": "How did he do that?", "rewrite": "How did Custer implant his aggressive character on Custer's brigade?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cole Custer Cole Matthew Custer (born January 23, 1998) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes full-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 00 Ford Mustang for Stewart-Haas Racing. Custer began racing quarter midgets at age four. In 2011, Custer won the USAC National Focus Young Guns Championship. The following year, Custer began racing late models, winning ten races and earning Rookie of the Year honors. In 2013 Custer joined the K&N Pro Series East, making his debut at Bristol Motor Speedway for Ken Schrader Racing. During the season at Iowa Speedway, Custer won the pole position, led every lap, a record for a combination race, and won, becoming the youngest race winner in K&N Pro Series history at age 15, beating Dylan Kwasniewski's record by six months. Custer would win again at New Hampshire Motor Speedway, also from the pole. He finished eighth in the series standings. Custer later ran in the K&N Pro Series West's season-ending race. Custer led every single lap, but was turned by Gray Gaulding on the final lap, and finished sixth. In the 2014 season, Custer won the Pro Series West opener at Phoenix International Raceway, holding off Greg Pursley and Brennan Newberry on the green\u2013white\u2013checker finish. In 2014, Custer joined Haas Racing Development to run nine races in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, making his debut in the Kroger 250 at Martinsville Speedway. Custer started the race 9th, and finished 12th. In qualifying for the Drivin' for Linemen 200 at Gateway Motorsports Park, Custer set the track record with a lap speed, becoming the youngest pole winner in NASCAR history.", "Pleasonton was promoted on June 22, 1863 to Major General of U.S. Volunteers. On June 29, after consulting with his new commander, George Meade, Pleasanton began replacing political generals with \"commanders who were prepared to fight, to personally lead mounted attacks\". He found just the kind of aggressive fighters he wanted in three of his aides: Wesley Merritt, Elon J. Farnsworth (both of whom had command experience) and George A. Custer. All received immediate promotions; Custer to brigadier general of volunteers, commanding the Michigan Cavalry Brigade (\"Wolverines\"). Despite having no direct command experience, Custer became one of the youngest generals in the Union Army at age 23. Custer lost no time in implanting his aggressive character on his brigade, part of the division of Brigadier General Judson Kilpatrick. Now a general officer, Custer had great latitude in choosing his uniform. Though often criticized as gaudy, it was more than personal vanity. \"A showy uniform for Custer was one of command presence on the battlefield: he wanted to be readily distinguishable at first glance from all other soldiers. He intended to lead from the front, and to him it was a crucial issue of unit morale that his men be able to look up in the middle of a charge, or at any other time on the battlefield, and instantly see him leading the way into danger.\" Some have claimed Custer's leadership in battle as reckless or foolhardy. However, he \"meticulously scouted every battlefield, gauged the enemies [sic] weak points and strengths, ascertained the best line of attack and only after he was satisfied was the 'Custer Dash' with a Michigan yell focused with complete surprise on the enemy in routing them every time.\"", "Confederate General Richard Ewell's two divisions were between Little Sailor's (also spelled Saylor's and Sayler's) Creek and Marshall's Crossroads. Confederate General Richard H. Anderson commanded additional divisions mostly west of Marshall's Crossroads. Sheridan's cavalry, commanded by General Merritt, was on the southeast side, with the three divisions commanded by Devin, Crook, and Custer. The 2nd West Virginia Cavalry, as part of Capehart's Brigade and Custer's 3rd Division, began their fight south of Marshall's Crossroads. Once again, Union infantry attacked from the east, while Sheridan's cavalry attacked mostly from the south and west. As Colonel Capehart (commander of Custer's Third Brigade) reviewed the Confederate army's position, General Custer rode along the lines in plain view of the Confederate infantry, brashly displaying captured Confederate battle flags. The Confederates responded by taking numerous shots at the general, and Custer's horse was hit. Custer dismounted without injury. Capehart realized that the Confederates would need time to reload their single-shot rifles, and requested that his 3rd Brigade attack immediately. Custer quickly agreed, and Capehart's brigade of about 1,400 cavalry men (including the 2nd West Virginia) charged the Confederate lines. In addition to the 2nd West Virginia Cavalry, Capehart's 3rd Brigade still included the 1st and 3rd West Virginia Cavalries\u2014plus the 1st New York (Lincoln) Cavalry. Capehart and Lieutenant Colonel Allen of the 2nd West Virginia Cavalry led the charge. Thomas Custer, brother of General George Custer, rode with the two leaders at the front of the column. The men used sabers, carbines, and revolvers to move through three Confederate infantry lines. A large portion of Ewell's corps became surrounded, causing many of the demoralized Confederate soldiers to surrender.", "President Grant's acceptance of Belknap's resignation on March 2, 1876, caused considerable commotion in the U.S. House of Representatives, since the House was ready to vote on Belknap's impeachment on the same day. President Grant had Att. Gen. Pierrepont launch an investigation into Belknap; however, no charges were made by the Justice Department against Belknap. Protective of his family, Grant was furious that Custer testified against the President's brother Orvil at the Clymer committee hearings. Sherman advised Custer to see Grant at the White House to talk over the situation; however, Grant refused on several occasions to see Custer. Grant's refusal to see Custer was designed to humiliate the Colonel. When Custer left to return to Fort Lincoln, Grant had Custer arrested in Chicago, since Custer left Washington without visiting Grant or Sherman, a breach of military protocol. By Custer's own request, he was moved to Fort Lincoln under arrest to serve out his detention from active service. President Grant relieved Custer from command of the expedition against the Lakota Sioux, eventually given to Alfred H. Terry by Sheridan, and forbade him from going on the expedition. The Eastern press was outraged by Grant's actions against Custer and stated Grant had punished Custer for his testimony at the Clymer Committee. After Custer wrote Grant a letter, from one soldier to another, to allow him to participate in the Sioux Expedition, Grant relented. Custer had also gotten the reluctant endorsement of Sheridan, who knew that Custer was a skilled military leader. Grant allowed Custer to join the expedition on the grounds that he would not take with him any pressmen. Custer bragged he would \"swing clear\" of Terry's command once on the Expedition.", "He becomes a war hero after disregarding a superior's orders during a crucial battle, successfully defending a bridge for the Union infantry and is awarded a medal. He then gets leave to return home to Monroe, Michigan. He meets Libbie at her home but her father, who has been the butt of Custer's joke earlier that day, orders him to leave. Custer returns to his regiment. Due to a miscommunication from the Department of War, he is promoted to the rank of Brigadier General and takes command of the Michigan Brigade at the Battle of Gettysburg. He wins the day, and many victories follow. Upon returning home to Monroe as a war hero, Custer marries Libbie, but soon grows bored with civilian life and begins drinking too much. Libbie visits Custer's old friend Gen. Scott and begs him to assign Custer to a regiment again. He agrees, and Custer is given a Lt. Colonel's commission in the Dakota Territory. When Custer and Libbie arrive at Fort Lincoln, Custer finds the soldiers a drunken, rowdy and undisciplined lot in need of firm leadership. His old West Point enemy, Ned Sharp (Arthur Kennedy), who has a government license to run the fort's trading post and saloon, is providing Winchester repeating rifles to the local Native Americans. Furious, Custer stops the rifle sales and permanently closes the saloon. He then instills proper military discipline in his men and introduces a regimental song, \"Garryowen\", both of which quickly bring fame to the U.S. 7th Cavalry under Custer's command. The 7th has many engagements with Lakota tribal chief Crazy Horse (Anthony Quinn), who eventually offers peace, wanting a treaty that will protect the sacred Black Hills; Custer and Washington sign the treaty, but soon it is bankrupting Sharp's trading posts."], "answer": {"text": "he \"meticulously scouted every battlefield,", "answer_start": 1453}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the brigade command?", "answer": {"text": "Custer to brigadier general of volunteers, commanding the Michigan Cavalry Brigade", "answer_start": 482, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened there?", "answer": {"text": "Custer lost no time in implanting his aggressive character on his brigade,", "answer_start": 698, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_519a383a8c894e3ab3c384832953145a_1_q#3", "question": "What did he find as he scouted?", "rewrite": "What did Custer find as he scouted?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["President Grant's acceptance of Belknap's resignation on March 2, 1876, caused considerable commotion in the U.S. House of Representatives, since the House was ready to vote on Belknap's impeachment on the same day. President Grant had Att. Gen. Pierrepont launch an investigation into Belknap; however, no charges were made by the Justice Department against Belknap. Protective of his family, Grant was furious that Custer testified against the President's brother Orvil at the Clymer committee hearings. Sherman advised Custer to see Grant at the White House to talk over the situation; however, Grant refused on several occasions to see Custer. Grant's refusal to see Custer was designed to humiliate the Colonel. When Custer left to return to Fort Lincoln, Grant had Custer arrested in Chicago, since Custer left Washington without visiting Grant or Sherman, a breach of military protocol. By Custer's own request, he was moved to Fort Lincoln under arrest to serve out his detention from active service. President Grant relieved Custer from command of the expedition against the Lakota Sioux, eventually given to Alfred H. Terry by Sheridan, and forbade him from going on the expedition. The Eastern press was outraged by Grant's actions against Custer and stated Grant had punished Custer for his testimony at the Clymer Committee. After Custer wrote Grant a letter, from one soldier to another, to allow him to participate in the Sioux Expedition, Grant relented. Custer had also gotten the reluctant endorsement of Sheridan, who knew that Custer was a skilled military leader. Grant allowed Custer to join the expedition on the grounds that he would not take with him any pressmen. Custer bragged he would \"swing clear\" of Terry's command once on the Expedition.", "Cole Custer Cole Matthew Custer (born January 23, 1998) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes full-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 00 Ford Mustang for Stewart-Haas Racing. Custer began racing quarter midgets at age four. In 2011, Custer won the USAC National Focus Young Guns Championship. The following year, Custer began racing late models, winning ten races and earning Rookie of the Year honors. In 2013 Custer joined the K&N Pro Series East, making his debut at Bristol Motor Speedway for Ken Schrader Racing. During the season at Iowa Speedway, Custer won the pole position, led every lap, a record for a combination race, and won, becoming the youngest race winner in K&N Pro Series history at age 15, beating Dylan Kwasniewski's record by six months. Custer would win again at New Hampshire Motor Speedway, also from the pole. He finished eighth in the series standings. Custer later ran in the K&N Pro Series West's season-ending race. Custer led every single lap, but was turned by Gray Gaulding on the final lap, and finished sixth. In the 2014 season, Custer won the Pro Series West opener at Phoenix International Raceway, holding off Greg Pursley and Brennan Newberry on the green\u2013white\u2013checker finish. In 2014, Custer joined Haas Racing Development to run nine races in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, making his debut in the Kroger 250 at Martinsville Speedway. Custer started the race 9th, and finished 12th. In qualifying for the Drivin' for Linemen 200 at Gateway Motorsports Park, Custer set the track record with a lap speed, becoming the youngest pole winner in NASCAR history.", "Boston Custer Boston Custer (October 31, 1848 \u2013 June 25, 1876) was the youngest brother of U.S. Army Lt Colonel George Armstrong Custer and two-time Medal of Honor recipient Captain Thomas Custer. He was killed at the Battle of the Little Bighorn along with his two brothers. Boston Custer was born in New Rumley, Ohio, one of five children born to Emanuel Henry Custer and Maria Ward Kirkpatrick Custer. In 1863, the family left Ohio and moved to Monroe, Michigan. Boston's older brother Nevin became a farmer due to asthma and rheumatism, while two other older brothers, George and Thomas (\"Tom\"), became military officers in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Boston had been unable to officially join the Army due to poor health. A civilian contractor, Custer served as forage master for his brother George's U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment in the 1874 Black Hills expedition. He was employed as a guide, forager, packer and scout for the regiment for the 1876 expedition against the Lakota Indians. On June 25, 1876, along with his 18-year-old nephew Henry Armstrong \"Autie\" Reed, Custer was with the pack train at the rear of Lt. Col. George Custer's troops. Hearing from a messenger that Lt. Col. Custer had requested ammunition for an impending fight, they quickly left the pack train. The pair passed by Frederick Benteen's detachment and joined Custer's main column as it moved into position to attack a sprawling Indian village along the Little Big Horn River. Had they stayed with the pack train where they were assigned, Boston Custer and Autie Reed might have survived the battle. Like his brothers and nephew, Boston was killed at the area known as \"Last Stand Hill\". A marble marker commemorates the approximate place where his body was found and identified.", "At New Hampshire Motor Speedway on September 20, 2014, Custer won the Camping World Truck Series' UNOH 175 from the pole, becoming the youngest winner in the history of NASCAR's national touring series at 16 years, 7 months and 28 days. On January 12, 2015, JR Motorsports announced that Custer would drive a truck for them in ten races in 2015. On June 13, Custer won the Truck race at Gateway Motorsports Park, holding off the No. 23 truck of Spencer Gallagher, after the dominating trucks of Erik Jones and Matt Crafton were involved in two wrecks at laps 142 and 152. When he turned 18 years old in 2016, JR Motorsports began fielding the No. 00 truck for Custer full-time, competing for the Rookie of the Year title. At Canadian Tire Motorsport Park during the Chevrolet Silverado 250, John Hunter Nemechek and Custer were battling for the lead when Nemechek bumped Custer before running both Custer and himself off-road, pinning Custer to the wall. Before the winner was declared, Nemechek was tackled by Custer; Nemechek would be named the winner. In 2016, Custer made his Xfinity Series debut for JR Motorsports at Richmond International Raceway, driving the No. 5 Chevrolet Camaro. He drove the No. 88 for JR Motorsports to a career best fourth-place finish at Charlotte in the Hisense 4K TV 300. On September 16, 2016, Stewart-Haas Racing announced that Custer would drive the No. 00 Ford Mustang full-time in 2017, with Haas Automation as the primary sponsor. Custer began the 2017 Xfinity season with a crash at Daytona, finishing 37th. He rebounded the next week at Atlanta, finishing 10th. After making the Playoffs in his first appearance, Custer began making a surge at the end of the season including leading the most laps at Chicago and Kansas.", "Pleasonton was promoted on June 22, 1863 to Major General of U.S. Volunteers. On June 29, after consulting with his new commander, George Meade, Pleasanton began replacing political generals with \"commanders who were prepared to fight, to personally lead mounted attacks\". He found just the kind of aggressive fighters he wanted in three of his aides: Wesley Merritt, Elon J. Farnsworth (both of whom had command experience) and George A. Custer. All received immediate promotions; Custer to brigadier general of volunteers, commanding the Michigan Cavalry Brigade (\"Wolverines\"). Despite having no direct command experience, Custer became one of the youngest generals in the Union Army at age 23. Custer lost no time in implanting his aggressive character on his brigade, part of the division of Brigadier General Judson Kilpatrick. Now a general officer, Custer had great latitude in choosing his uniform. Though often criticized as gaudy, it was more than personal vanity. \"A showy uniform for Custer was one of command presence on the battlefield: he wanted to be readily distinguishable at first glance from all other soldiers. He intended to lead from the front, and to him it was a crucial issue of unit morale that his men be able to look up in the middle of a charge, or at any other time on the battlefield, and instantly see him leading the way into danger.\" Some have claimed Custer's leadership in battle as reckless or foolhardy. However, he \"meticulously scouted every battlefield, gauged the enemies [sic] weak points and strengths, ascertained the best line of attack and only after he was satisfied was the 'Custer Dash' with a Michigan yell focused with complete surprise on the enemy in routing them every time.\""], "answer": {"text": "ascertained the best line of attack", "answer_start": 1549}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is the brigade command?", "answer": {"text": "Custer to brigadier general of volunteers, commanding the Michigan Cavalry Brigade", "answer_start": 482, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened there?", "answer": {"text": "Custer lost no time in implanting his aggressive character on his brigade,", "answer_start": 698, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he do that?", "answer": {"text": "he \"meticulously scouted every battlefield,", "answer_start": 1453, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_519a383a8c894e3ab3c384832953145a_1_q#4", "question": "Did it work?", "rewrite": "Did the best line of attack work?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["No. 46 Squadron RAF No. 46 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Air Force, formed in 1916, was disbanded and re-formed three times before its last disbandment in 1975. It served in both World War I and World War II. No. 46 Squadron was formed at Wyton aerodrome on 19 April 1916, from a nucleus trained in No. 2 Reserve Squadron; it moved to France in October of that year equipped with Nieuport two-seater aircraft. The squadron undertook artillery co-operation, photography, and reconnaissance operations until May 1917, when it took on a more offensive role after rearming with the Sopwith Pup. The change from a corps to a fighter squadron came at a moment when Allied air superiority was being seriously challenged by Germany, in particular through the introduction of the \"circuses\" formed and led by Manfred von Richthofen. Operating under the 11th Army Wing, the squadron was intensively engaged and had many combats with the enemy. In July 1917, No. 46 Squadron returned to Sutton's Farm (later Hornchurch) in Essex, for the defence of London, which had been heavily raided by Gotha bombers a short time before; no enemy aircraft penetrated its patrol area. The squadron returned to France at the end of August. In addition to offensive patrol work, the unit undertook extensive ground strafing and did close support work in the attack on Messines Ridges. In November 1917, the squadron was equipped with Sopwith Camels, and gave valuable assistance to the infantry in the Battle of Cambrai attack. During the last year of the war, the squadron bombed lines of communication and ammunition dumps in the enemy's rear areas. Intensive low-level ground attack work was carried out after the German Spring Offensive, in March 1918; 46 Squadron suffered high casualties as a result.", "Sopwith Salamander The Sopwith TF.2 Salamander was a British ground-attack aircraft of the First World War designed by the Sopwith Aviation Company which first flew in April 1918. It was a single-engined, single-seat biplane, based on the Sopwith Snipe fighter, with an armoured forward fuselage to protect the pilot and fuel system from ground fire during low level operations. It was ordered in large numbers for the Royal Air Force but the war ended before the type could enter squadron service, although two were in France in October 1918. In August 1917, the British Royal Flying Corps (RFC) introduced the coordinated mass use of single-seat fighter aircraft for low-level ground-attack operations in support of the Third Battle of Ypres, with Airco DH.5s, which were unsuitable for high-altitude combat, specialising in this role. The tactic proved effective and was repeated at the Battle of Cambrai in November 1917 by DH.5s and Sopwith Camels being used in strafing attacks. While the tactic proved successful, losses of the unarmoured fighters proved to be extremely high, reaching up to 30 per cent per day. Most losses were due to ground fire, although low-flying aircraft also proved vulnerable to attacks from above by enemy fighters. Two-seat German fighters such as Halberstadt CL.II, originally designed as escort fighters, were also used ground-attack, playing an important role in the German counter-offensive at Cambrai. While the CL-type fighters were not armoured, the Germans also introduced more specialised heavily armoured two-seat aircraft such as the Junkers J.I for contact patrol and ground-attack work.", "In most languages a fighter aircraft is known as a \"hunter\", or \"hunting aircraft\" (\"avion de chasse, Jagdflugzeuge, avi\u00f3n de caza\" etc.). Exceptions include Russian, where a fighter is an \"\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\" (pronounced \"istrebitel\"), meaning \"exterminator\", and Hebrew where it is \"matose krav\" (literally \"battle plane\"). As a part of military nomenclature, a letter is often assigned to various types of aircraft to indicate their use, along with a number to indicate the specific aircraft. The letters used to designate a fighter differ in various countries \u2013 in the English-speaking world, \"F\" is now used to indicate a fighter (e.g. Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II or Supermarine Spitfire F.22), though when the pursuit designation was used in the US, they were \"P\" types (e.g. Curtiss P-40 Warhawk). In Russia \"I\" was used (Polikarpov I-16), while the French continue to use \"C\" (Nieuport 17 C.1). Although the term \"fighter\" specifies aircraft designed to shoot down other aircraft, such designs are often also useful as multirole fighter-bombers, strike fighters, and sometimes lighter, fighter-sized tactical ground-attack aircraft. This has always been the case, for instance the Sopwith Camel and other \"fighting scouts\" of World War I performed a great deal of ground-attack work. In World War II, the USAAF and RAF often favored fighters over dedicated light bombers or dive bombers, and types such as the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt and Hawker Hurricane that were no longer competitive as aerial combat fighters were relegated to ground attack.", "The prisoners were released from Skorpa on 12 June 1940, after the mainland Norwegian capitulation. Other military activities at the fortress included the establishment of a 12-bed field hospital and a radio station. From 23 May the fortress came under the command of the newly established East Finnmark Naval District responsible for all RNoN units in eastern Finnmark. The fortress' sole action with the German invasion forces came on 4 June 1940. Since early May German aircraft had overflown the area without incident, but on 4 June a single Luftwaffe bomber made an attack. The bomber missed its intended target, the radio station, but damaged the church and the commandant's quarters. After expending its bomb load the bomber went low and strafed the area, riddling the radio hut and other buildings with bullets. In response to the attack Corporal Olav B\u00f8rve returned fire using the 65 mm Hotchkiss gun with case-shot, firing 13 rounds. After a while the fortress' machine guns also fired back at the aircraft. With at least one of the case-shot rounds damaging the German bomber's hull it limped away from the area with a wounded navigator. Following the attack work began on the construction of a new anti-aircraft position on the nearby hill Kirkeberget. The position was completed but no armaments were installed before the cease-fire came into effect. On 8 June Lieutenant Bjerkelund was informed that the fighting in Norway was coming to a close and given the opportunity to evacuate to the United Kingdom. Seizing this option, Bjerkelund left for Rosyth that same day on the patrol boat \"Nordhav II\". Bjerkelund was replaced as commander by coastal artillery lieutenant H. Johannesen later in the day.", "In Livingston County, a group of armed men forced Asahel Lathrop from his home, where they held his ill wife and children prisoner. Lathrop wrote \"I was compeled[sic] to leave my home my house was thronged with a company of armed men consisting of fourteen in number and they abusing my family in allmost[sic] every form that Creturs[sic] in the shape of human Beeings[sic] could invent.\" After more than a week, a company of armed Mormons assisted Lathrop in rescuing his wife and two of his children (one had died while prisoner). Lathrop's wife and remaining children died shortly after their rescue. On September 20, 1838, about one hundred fifty armed men rode into De Witt and demanded that the Mormons leave within ten days. Hinkle and other Mormon leaders informed the men that they would fight. They also sent a request for assistance to Governor Boggs, noting that the mob had threatened \"to exterminate them, without regard to age or sex\". On October 1, the mob burned the home and stables of Smith Humphrey. The citizens of De Witt sent non-Mormon Henry Root to appeal to Judge King and General Parks for assistance. Later that day, the Carroll County forces sealed off the town. The besieged town resorted to butchering whatever loose livestock wandered into town in order to avoid starvation while waiting for the militia or the Governor to come to their aid. General Parks arrived with the Ray County militia on October 6, but his order to disperse was ignored by the mob. When his own troops threatened to join the attackers, Parks was forced to withdraw to Daviess County in hopes that the Governor would come to mediate."], "answer": {"text": "focused with complete surprise on the enemy in routing them every time.\"", "answer_start": 1660}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the brigade command?", "answer": {"text": "Custer to brigadier general of volunteers, commanding the Michigan Cavalry Brigade", "answer_start": 482, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened there?", "answer": {"text": "Custer lost no time in implanting his aggressive character on his brigade,", "answer_start": 698, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he do that?", "answer": {"text": "he \"meticulously scouted every battlefield,", "answer_start": 1453, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he find as he scouted?", "answer": {"text": "ascertained the best line of attack", "answer_start": 1549, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_519a383a8c894e3ab3c384832953145a_1_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "In addition to Custer losing no time implanting his aggressive character on his brigade are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pleasonton was promoted on June 22, 1863 to Major General of U.S. Volunteers. On June 29, after consulting with his new commander, George Meade, Pleasanton began replacing political generals with \"commanders who were prepared to fight, to personally lead mounted attacks\". He found just the kind of aggressive fighters he wanted in three of his aides: Wesley Merritt, Elon J. Farnsworth (both of whom had command experience) and George A. Custer. All received immediate promotions; Custer to brigadier general of volunteers, commanding the Michigan Cavalry Brigade (\"Wolverines\"). Despite having no direct command experience, Custer became one of the youngest generals in the Union Army at age 23. Custer lost no time in implanting his aggressive character on his brigade, part of the division of Brigadier General Judson Kilpatrick. Now a general officer, Custer had great latitude in choosing his uniform. Though often criticized as gaudy, it was more than personal vanity. \"A showy uniform for Custer was one of command presence on the battlefield: he wanted to be readily distinguishable at first glance from all other soldiers. He intended to lead from the front, and to him it was a crucial issue of unit morale that his men be able to look up in the middle of a charge, or at any other time on the battlefield, and instantly see him leading the way into danger.\" Some have claimed Custer's leadership in battle as reckless or foolhardy. However, he \"meticulously scouted every battlefield, gauged the enemies [sic] weak points and strengths, ascertained the best line of attack and only after he was satisfied was the 'Custer Dash' with a Michigan yell focused with complete surprise on the enemy in routing them every time.\"", "President Grant's acceptance of Belknap's resignation on March 2, 1876, caused considerable commotion in the U.S. House of Representatives, since the House was ready to vote on Belknap's impeachment on the same day. President Grant had Att. Gen. Pierrepont launch an investigation into Belknap; however, no charges were made by the Justice Department against Belknap. Protective of his family, Grant was furious that Custer testified against the President's brother Orvil at the Clymer committee hearings. Sherman advised Custer to see Grant at the White House to talk over the situation; however, Grant refused on several occasions to see Custer. Grant's refusal to see Custer was designed to humiliate the Colonel. When Custer left to return to Fort Lincoln, Grant had Custer arrested in Chicago, since Custer left Washington without visiting Grant or Sherman, a breach of military protocol. By Custer's own request, he was moved to Fort Lincoln under arrest to serve out his detention from active service. President Grant relieved Custer from command of the expedition against the Lakota Sioux, eventually given to Alfred H. Terry by Sheridan, and forbade him from going on the expedition. The Eastern press was outraged by Grant's actions against Custer and stated Grant had punished Custer for his testimony at the Clymer Committee. After Custer wrote Grant a letter, from one soldier to another, to allow him to participate in the Sioux Expedition, Grant relented. Custer had also gotten the reluctant endorsement of Sheridan, who knew that Custer was a skilled military leader. Grant allowed Custer to join the expedition on the grounds that he would not take with him any pressmen. Custer bragged he would \"swing clear\" of Terry's command once on the Expedition.", "Confederate General Richard Ewell's two divisions were between Little Sailor's (also spelled Saylor's and Sayler's) Creek and Marshall's Crossroads. Confederate General Richard H. Anderson commanded additional divisions mostly west of Marshall's Crossroads. Sheridan's cavalry, commanded by General Merritt, was on the southeast side, with the three divisions commanded by Devin, Crook, and Custer. The 2nd West Virginia Cavalry, as part of Capehart's Brigade and Custer's 3rd Division, began their fight south of Marshall's Crossroads. Once again, Union infantry attacked from the east, while Sheridan's cavalry attacked mostly from the south and west. As Colonel Capehart (commander of Custer's Third Brigade) reviewed the Confederate army's position, General Custer rode along the lines in plain view of the Confederate infantry, brashly displaying captured Confederate battle flags. The Confederates responded by taking numerous shots at the general, and Custer's horse was hit. Custer dismounted without injury. Capehart realized that the Confederates would need time to reload their single-shot rifles, and requested that his 3rd Brigade attack immediately. Custer quickly agreed, and Capehart's brigade of about 1,400 cavalry men (including the 2nd West Virginia) charged the Confederate lines. In addition to the 2nd West Virginia Cavalry, Capehart's 3rd Brigade still included the 1st and 3rd West Virginia Cavalries\u2014plus the 1st New York (Lincoln) Cavalry. Capehart and Lieutenant Colonel Allen of the 2nd West Virginia Cavalry led the charge. Thomas Custer, brother of General George Custer, rode with the two leaders at the front of the column. The men used sabers, carbines, and revolvers to move through three Confederate infantry lines. A large portion of Ewell's corps became surrounded, causing many of the demoralized Confederate soldiers to surrender.", "Refractive index and extinction coefficient of thin film materials A. R. Forouhi and I. Bloomer deduced dispersion equations for the refractive index, \"n\", and extinction coefficient, \"k\", which were published in 1986 and 1988. The 1986 publication relates to amorphous materials, while the 1988 publication relates to crystalline. Subsequently, in 1991, their work was included as a chapter in \u201cThe Handbook of Optical Constants\u201d. The Forouhi\u2013Bloomer dispersion equations describe how photons of varying energies interact with thin films. When used with a spectroscopic reflectometry tool, the Forouhi\u2013Bloomer dispersion equations specify \"n\" and \"k\" for amorphous and crystalline materials as a function of photon energy \"E\". Values of \"n\" and \"k\" as a function of photon energy, \"E\", are referred to as the spectra of \"n\" and \"k\", which can also be expressed as functions of wavelength of light, \u03bb, since \"E = hc/\u03bb\". The symbol \"h\" represents Planck\u2019s constant and \"c\", the speed of light in vacuum. Together, \"n\" and \"k\" are often referred to as the \u201coptical constants\u201d of a material (though they are not constants since their values depend on photon energy). The derivation of the Forouhi\u2013Bloomer dispersion equations is based on obtaining an expression for \"k\" as a function of photon energy, symbolically written as \"k\"(E), starting from first principles quantum mechanics and solid state physics.", "Michigan Brigade The Michigan Brigade, sometimes called the Wolverines, the Michigan Cavalry Brigade or Custer's Brigade, was a brigade of cavalry in the volunteer Union Army during the latter half of the American Civil War. Composed primarily of the 1st Michigan Cavalry, 5th Michigan Cavalry, 6th Michigan Cavalry and 7th Michigan Cavalry, the Michigan Brigade fought in every major campaign of the Army of the Potomac from the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863 to the Confederate surrender at Appomattox Court House in April 1865. The brigade first gained fame during the Gettysburg Campaign under the command of youthful Brigadier General George Armstrong Custer. After the war, several men associated with the brigade joined the 7th U.S. Cavalry Regiment and later fought again under Custer in the Old West frontier. The Michigan Cavalry Brigade was created on December 12, 1862, at Washington, D.C.. It originally consisted of the 5th, 6th and 7th Michigan Cavalry regiments, under the command of General Joseph T. Copeland. During the early part of the 1863 Gettysburg Campaign, the 1st Michigan Cavalry and Battery M, 2nd United States Artillery were added to the brigade in central Maryland as part of a major reorganization of the Army of the Potomac's Cavalry Corps by its commander, Alfred Pleasonton. The larger brigade was assigned to the newly promoted Custer, who assumed command near Westminster, Maryland. The Michigan Brigade saw its first combat action as an entity at the Battle of Hanover in southern Pennsylvania on June 30, 1863. There, Custer's men were deployed as a strong advance skirmish line south of town. Two days later, on July 2, the brigade participated in the Battle of Hunterstown, where one of the Wolverines, Norville Churchill, rescued a fallen Custer, who was pinned in the road under his slain horse. At the subsequent Battle of Gettysburg, the Michigan Brigade was posted east of Gettysburg along the Hanover Road on July 3."], "answer": {"text": "Custer had great latitude in choosing his uniform.", "answer_start": 857}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the brigade command?", "answer": {"text": "Custer to brigadier general of volunteers, commanding the Michigan Cavalry Brigade", "answer_start": 482, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened there?", "answer": {"text": "Custer lost no time in implanting his aggressive character on his brigade,", "answer_start": 698, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he do that?", "answer": {"text": "he \"meticulously scouted every battlefield,", "answer_start": 1453, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he find as he scouted?", "answer": {"text": "ascertained the best line of attack", "answer_start": 1549, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it work?", "answer": {"text": "focused with complete surprise on the enemy in routing them every time.\"", "answer_start": 1660, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_519a383a8c894e3ab3c384832953145a_1_q#6", "question": "How is that?", "rewrite": "How is having great latitude in choosing his uniform?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pleasonton was promoted on June 22, 1863 to Major General of U.S. Volunteers. On June 29, after consulting with his new commander, George Meade, Pleasanton began replacing political generals with \"commanders who were prepared to fight, to personally lead mounted attacks\". He found just the kind of aggressive fighters he wanted in three of his aides: Wesley Merritt, Elon J. Farnsworth (both of whom had command experience) and George A. Custer. All received immediate promotions; Custer to brigadier general of volunteers, commanding the Michigan Cavalry Brigade (\"Wolverines\"). Despite having no direct command experience, Custer became one of the youngest generals in the Union Army at age 23. Custer lost no time in implanting his aggressive character on his brigade, part of the division of Brigadier General Judson Kilpatrick. Now a general officer, Custer had great latitude in choosing his uniform. Though often criticized as gaudy, it was more than personal vanity. \"A showy uniform for Custer was one of command presence on the battlefield: he wanted to be readily distinguishable at first glance from all other soldiers. He intended to lead from the front, and to him it was a crucial issue of unit morale that his men be able to look up in the middle of a charge, or at any other time on the battlefield, and instantly see him leading the way into danger.\" Some have claimed Custer's leadership in battle as reckless or foolhardy. However, he \"meticulously scouted every battlefield, gauged the enemies [sic] weak points and strengths, ascertained the best line of attack and only after he was satisfied was the 'Custer Dash' with a Michigan yell focused with complete surprise on the enemy in routing them every time.\"", "Nelson Chequer The Nelson Chequer was a colour scheme adopted by vessels of the Royal Navy, modelled on that used by Admiral Horatio Nelson in battle. It consisted of bands of black and yellow paint along the sides of the hull, broken up by black gunports. In the 18th and 19th centuries, vessels of all nations were painted in a variety of colours. Captains were allowed great latitude in the way they painted their vessels, as it aided identification in battle. Periodically the Royal Navy sought a uniform colour scheme; In 1715, an Admiralty order decreed the use of yellow and black, and a uniform colour within. However, this was generally ignored. Again in 1780 the Admiralty then issued a further order allowing Captains to paint in yellow or black. Nelson favoured yellow, with black bands, he also had the underside of his gunports painted black. This meant that when the ports were closed the hull would appear striped, and when opened (ready for action) the hull would appear chequered. No chequering signaled \"intent\" over distance, which was necessary when sailing into fortified friendly harbours. Nelson, apparently, used the same style for all vessels under his command. In his own words \"to be distinguished with greater certainty in case of falling in with an enemy\" After the Battle of Trafalgar (1805) the colour scheme became popular, and most major vessels in the Royal Navy sported this pattern, though it was not mandatory and some captains changed it. The Nelson Chequer fell into general disuse after 1815, when the yellow hue was superseded by white. Nelson's flagship, HMS \"Victory\" remains painted with these colours, with the yellow stripes showing along the level of the gunports in Chatham while on an 1800 refit.", "Throughout the war he contributed more than any officer to the effective employment of the artillery arm. With the artillery reserve at the Battle of Malvern Hill, his 250 guns repelled repeated Confederate infantry assaults with such gruesome efficiency that the Union infantry had little to do. He personally commanded a group of 60 guns that he employed as if they were a single battery (usually Union batteries contained six guns). On September 15, 1862, the day after the Battle of South Mountain, Hunt was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers and McClellan assigned him as chief of artillery in the Army of the Potomac for the imminent Battle of Antietam, where he deployed the Artillery Reserve to great effect. At the Battle of Fredericksburg in December, his gun emplacements on Stafford Heights effectively eliminated any possibility that Gen. Robert E. Lee could counterattack Union forces across the Rappahannock River. In the run-up to the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863, Hunt fell out of favor of Army of the Potomac commander Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker and lost direct command of the Artillery Reserve, reducing him in effect to an administrative staff role. The lack of coordination of the artillery forces that resulted from this snub were well recognized as a contributing factor in the embarrassing Union defeat. Although Hooker restored Hunt's command after three days of battle, it was too late to affect the outcome. Hunt's most famous service in the war was at the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863. His new commander, Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, had considerably more respect for Hunt than Hooker did and not only gave him great latitude in directing the artillery, but also used him on occasion as his personal representative. For example, on July 2, Meade sent Hunt to visit III Corps commander Maj. Gen. Daniel E. Sickles in an attempt to get his defensive lines to conform to orders.", "In terms of governance, the Evangelicals most resembled American Lutheranism of the time, with high regard for the pastor's authority, but essentially congregational in structure, with a lay council handling temporal matters such as property and benevolences. In 1957, the Evangelical and Reformed Church joined with the General Council of Congregational Christian Churches to form the UCC. The Rev. James Wagner was the last president of the denomination. Upon the union on June 25 of that year, he became, along with former Congregational Christian general minister Fred Hoskins, a co-president of the UCC. He and Hoskins held these positions until 1961, when the UCC constitution was ratified by the Evangelical and Reformed synods and the requisite percentage of CC congregations. About 40 percent of the members in the new denomination were members of the E&R Church. The Evangelical and Reformed Church was generally presbyterian in organization, although it allowed for a great deal of local congregational decision-making than more typical Reformed bodies such as Presbyterianism or the Reformed Church in America did. The church organized into some 30 or so regional synods, culminating in a national General Synod that met annually. The church used several creeds: the Reformed Heidelberg Catechism, Martin Luther's catechisms, and the early Lutheran Augsburg Confession; Evangelical and Reformed leaders allowed great latitude in interpretation. In the main, Evangelical and Reformed congregations emphasized piety and service rather than legalistic soteriology or orthodox dogma. Styles of worship ranged from revivalism (especially in Ohio and North Carolina) to a Lutheran-like liturgicism (the Mercersburg Movement found primarily in central Pennsylvania parishes). Generally speaking, the theological outlook of most ministers was largely accepting of liberal trends in Protestant doctrine and higher biblical criticism, although some pockets of conservative revivalistic pietism and confessionalist Calvinism could be found.", "Borel\u2013Kolmogorov paradox In probability theory, the Borel\u2013Kolmogorov paradox (sometimes known as Borel's paradox) is a paradox relating to conditional probability with respect to an event of probability zero (also known as a null set). It is named after \u00c9mile Borel and Andrey Kolmogorov. Suppose that a random variable has a uniform distribution on a unit sphere. What is its conditional distribution on a great circle? Because of the symmetry of the sphere, one might expect that the distribution is uniform and independent of the choice of coordinates. However, two analyses give contradictory results. First, note that choosing a point uniformly on the sphere is equivalent to choosing the longitude \"\u03bb\" uniformly from [\u2212, ] and choosing the latitude \"\u03c6\" from [\u2212/2, /2] with density formula_1. Then we can look at two different great circles: One distribution is uniform on the circle, the other is not. Yet both seem to be referring to the same great circle in different coordinate systems. In case (1) above, the conditional probability that the longitude \"\u03bb\" lies in a set \"E\" given that \"\u03c6\" = 0 can be written \"P\"(\"\u03bb\" \u2208 \"E\" | \"\u03c6\" = 0). Elementary probability theory suggests this can be computed as \"P\"(\"\u03bb\" \u2208 \"E\" and \"\u03c6\" = 0)/\"P\"(\"\u03c6\" = 0), but that expression is not well-defined since \"P\"(\"\u03c6\" = 0) = 0. Measure theory provides a way to define a conditional probability, using the family of events \"R\" = {\"\u03c6\" : \"a\" < \"\u03c6\" < \"b\"} which are horizontal rings consisting of all points with latitude between \"a\" and \"b\"."], "answer": {"text": "he wanted to be readily distinguishable at first glance from all other soldiers.", "answer_start": 1052}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the brigade command?", "answer": {"text": "Custer to brigadier general of volunteers, commanding the Michigan Cavalry Brigade", "answer_start": 482, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened there?", "answer": {"text": "Custer lost no time in implanting his aggressive character on his brigade,", "answer_start": 698, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he do that?", "answer": {"text": "he \"meticulously scouted every battlefield,", "answer_start": 1453, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he find as he scouted?", "answer": {"text": "ascertained the best line of attack", "answer_start": 1549, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it work?", "answer": {"text": "focused with complete surprise on the enemy in routing them every time.\"", "answer_start": 1660, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Custer had great latitude in choosing his uniform.", "answer_start": 857, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_519a383a8c894e3ab3c384832953145a_1_q#7", "question": "Why is that?", "rewrite": "Why did Custer wanted to be readily distinguishable at first glance from all other soldiers?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["First Glance First Glance is the seventh studio album by Canadian rock band April Wine, released in March, 1978. \" First Glance\" became April Wine's first gold record outside Canada. \"Roller\" was a hit in Flint, Michigan and radio listeners there made \"Roller\" a top requested song. It ended up as a top forty hit in the States. After the release of \"First Glance\", bands such as Rush, Journey, and Styx all requested for April Wine to open their shows in the United States. Note: both versions of the CD have the first two tracks in the opposite order.", "Inflammation of the dental pulp, termed pulpitis, produces true hypersensitivity of the nerves in the dental pulp. Pulpitis is classified as \"irreversible\" when pulpal inflammation will irreversibly progress to pulpal necrosis due to compression of the venous microcirculation and tissue ischemia, and \"reversible\" when the pulp is still capable of returning to a healthy, non-inflamed state, although usually dental treatment is required for this. Irreversible pulpitis is readily distinguishable from DH. There is poorly localized, severe pain which is aggravated by thermal stimuli, and which continues after the stimulus is removed. There also is typically spontaneous pain without any stimulus. Reversible pulpitis may not be so readily distinguishable from DH, however usually there will be some obvious sign such as a carious cavity, crack, etc. which indicates pulpitis. In contrast to pulpitis, the pain of DH is short and sharp. Dentin hypersensitivity is a relatively common condition. Due to differences in populations studied and methods of detection, the reported incidence ranges from 4-74%. Dentists may under-report dentin hypersensitivity due to difficulty in diagnosing and managing the condition. When questionnaires are used, the reported incidence is usually higher than when clinical examination is used. Overall, it is estimated to affect about 15% of the general population to some degree. It can affect people of any age, although those aged 20\u201350 years are more likely to be affected. Females are slightly more likely to develop dentin hypersensitivity compared to males. The condition is most commonly associated with the maxillary and mandibular canine and bicuspid teeth on the facial (buccal) aspect, especially in areas of periodontal attachment loss.", "Most current type designs carefully distinguish between these homoglyphs, usually by drawing the digit zero narrower and drawing the digit one with prominent serifs. Early computer print-outs went even further and marked the zero with a slash or dot; which led to a new conflict involving the Scandinavian letter \"\u00d8\" and the Greek letter \u03a6 (phi). The redesigning of character types to differentiate these characters has meant less confusion. The degree to which two different characters appear the same to a given observer is called the \"visual similarity\". Some other combinations of letters look similar, for instance rn looks similar to m , cl looks similar to d, and vv looks similar to w. In certain narrow-spaced fonts (such as Tahoma), placing the letter c next to a letter such as j, l or i will create a homoglyph, such as cj cl ci (g d a). When some characters are placed next to each other, seen together at a glance they give the visual impression of another, unrelated character. A more precise way of saying this is that some typographic ligatures can look similar to standalone glyphs. For example, the fi ligature (\ufb01) can look similar to A in some typefaces or fonts. This potential for confusion is sometimes an argument made against the use of ligatures. The Unicode character set contains many strongly homoglyphic characters. These present security risks in a variety of situations (addressed in UTR#36) and have recently been called to particular attention in regard to internationalized domain names. One might deliberately spoof a domain name by replacing one character with its homoglyph, thus creating a second domain name, not readily distinguishable from the first, that can be exploited in phishing (\"see main article IDN homograph attack\").", "According to historian Chris Calkins, Custer's casualties were 5 killed, 40 wounded and 3 missing, but most of the wounds suffered were severe. As reported by Tremain: \"Surgeons of wide experience in the cavalry remarked that they never treated so many extreme cases in so short a fight. The wounds were chiefly made by artillery, and were serious; many patients being badly mangled.\" Jayne Blair gives Custer's losses at 118, consisting of 32 killed and 86 wounded. When their defense broke, some Confederates fled down the road to Lynchburg while others retreated toward Appomattox Court House. When the retreating artillerymen stopped to fire at the Union cavalry from both directions, a group of Custer's cavalrymen broke up this further Confederate resistance. Custer's troopers continued to advance toward Appomattox Court House until they encountered infantry in their path. Custer then ordered the artillery and valuable contents captured from the wagon train to be sent south of the railroad station while the rest of his men established a line to block the road where they had been halted. The captured material included between 24 and 30 guns and about 150 to 200 wagons, mostly filled with baggage. Custer's men took almost 1,000 prisoners, including Brigadier General Young Marshall Moody who was ill and riding in a hospital wagon. On the other hand, Walker's men saved about 75 cannons during the battle and their retreat. Devin's division had come up in support of Custer's division but had not been seriously engaged. Devin's troops relieved Custer's men along the road, where they set up defensive lines facing Appomattox Court House and Lynchburg. Custer's men then turned to the task of clearing the field before trying to sleep for the rest of the night. Custer wanted to locate the main body of Lee's troops", "Pleasonton was promoted on June 22, 1863 to Major General of U.S. Volunteers. On June 29, after consulting with his new commander, George Meade, Pleasanton began replacing political generals with \"commanders who were prepared to fight, to personally lead mounted attacks\". He found just the kind of aggressive fighters he wanted in three of his aides: Wesley Merritt, Elon J. Farnsworth (both of whom had command experience) and George A. Custer. All received immediate promotions; Custer to brigadier general of volunteers, commanding the Michigan Cavalry Brigade (\"Wolverines\"). Despite having no direct command experience, Custer became one of the youngest generals in the Union Army at age 23. Custer lost no time in implanting his aggressive character on his brigade, part of the division of Brigadier General Judson Kilpatrick. Now a general officer, Custer had great latitude in choosing his uniform. Though often criticized as gaudy, it was more than personal vanity. \"A showy uniform for Custer was one of command presence on the battlefield: he wanted to be readily distinguishable at first glance from all other soldiers. He intended to lead from the front, and to him it was a crucial issue of unit morale that his men be able to look up in the middle of a charge, or at any other time on the battlefield, and instantly see him leading the way into danger.\" Some have claimed Custer's leadership in battle as reckless or foolhardy. However, he \"meticulously scouted every battlefield, gauged the enemies [sic] weak points and strengths, ascertained the best line of attack and only after he was satisfied was the 'Custer Dash' with a Michigan yell focused with complete surprise on the enemy in routing them every time.\""], "answer": {"text": "his men be able to look up in the middle of a charge, or at any other time on the battlefield, and instantly see him leading the way into danger.", "answer_start": 1223}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is the brigade command?", "answer": {"text": "Custer to brigadier general of volunteers, commanding the Michigan Cavalry Brigade", "answer_start": 482, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened there?", "answer": {"text": "Custer lost no time in implanting his aggressive character on his brigade,", "answer_start": 698, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he do that?", "answer": {"text": "he \"meticulously scouted every battlefield,", "answer_start": 1453, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he find as he scouted?", "answer": {"text": "ascertained the best line of attack", "answer_start": 1549, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it work?", "answer": {"text": "focused with complete surprise on the enemy in routing them every time.\"", "answer_start": 1660, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Custer had great latitude in choosing his uniform.", "answer_start": 857, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How is that?", "answer": {"text": "he wanted to be readily distinguishable at first glance from all other soldiers.", "answer_start": 1052, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f9e9856530ff4f0698e01f2e92aae548_1_q#0", "question": "When did James Stockdale become a prisoner of war?", "rewrite": "When did James Stockdale become a prisoner of war?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Vice Admiral James Bond Stockdale Award for Inspirational Leadership The Vice Admiral James Bond Stockdale Award for Inspirational Leadership is a United States Navy award established in 1980 by United States Secretary of the Navy Edward Hidalgo to honor the inspirational leadership of James Stockdale, a Medal of Honor recipient in the Vietnam War, who exhibited exemplary leadership while a prisoner of war in North Vietnam for nearly eight years. The award were first made in 1981. Each year two commanding officers below the grade of captain are selected, one for the United States Atlantic Fleet and one from the United States Pacific Fleet. A board of peer-nominated officers, one from the Atlantic, and one for the Pacific, select the winners, based on the five criteria of inspirational leadership the Vice Admiral Stockdale identified in his writing and teaching on leadership. These criteria are:", "Christopher Stockdale Christopher James Stockdale (born 15 May 1965) is a former English cricketer. Stockdale was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Carlisle, Cumberland and grew up in Penrith, Cumberland. Stockdale made his debut for Cumberland in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship against Durham. He played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1981 to 2000, including 77 Minor Counties Championship and 15 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In his time with Cumberland, Stockdale played five List A matches for the county in the NatWest Trophy, the last of which came in the 1992 competition against Essex. Stockdale also represented the Minor Counties cricket team in five List A matches in the 1988 and 1989 Benson and Hedges Cup. Stockdale played a total of ten List A matches, scoring 147 runs at a batting average of 14.70. His only half century came for Cumberland against Worcestershire in 1988. He had previously played Second XI cricket for the Nottinghamshire Second XI., Middlesex Second XI and Warwickshire Second XI. Stockdale also had an extensive career as a club professional and played in England, Wales, The Netherlands, South Africa and Australia. He also worked for the Isle of Man Association as their Cricket Development Officer and represented the Island in the Four Islands Tournament in Guernsey in 2004.", "Alcatraz Gang The Alcatraz Gang was a group of eleven American prisoners of war (POW) held separately in Hanoi, North Vietnam during the Vietnam War because of their particular resistance to their North-Vietnamese military captors. These eleven POWs were: George Thomas Coker, USN; Jeremiah Denton, USN; Harry Jenkins, USN; Sam Johnson, USAF; George McKnight, USAF; James Mulligan, USN; Howard Rutledge, USN; Robert Shumaker, USN; James Stockdale, USN; Ronald Storz, USAF; and Nels Tanner, USN. These prisoners were held in solitary confinement from 25 October 1967 to 9 December 1969 at a special facility (dubbed \"Alcatraz\" by Commander Stockdale) in a courtyard behind the North Vietnamese Ministry of National Defense, about a mile away from Hoa Lo prison (\"Hanoi Hilton\"-named by Lt. Commander Schumaker, the earliest captured prisoner among the eleven). The prisoners were shackled with legcuffs every night in 3-by-9-foot windowless concrete cells with the light on around the clock. The eleven Americans were separated because they were leaders of the prisoners' resistance\". Stockdale once tried to kill himself so that the North Vietnamese could not force him to make a propaganda film. The suicide attempt failed and the film was never made. Of Stockdale, Lt. Coker said \"He was probably the strongest, most exemplary leader of the whole North Vietnamese POW environment\". Coker and McKnight were the last POWs assigned to the Alcatraz Gang, being so assigned for previous fierce resistance to their treatment and an unsuccessful escape from the Power Plant or \"Dirty Bird\" prison camp. The group received special torture and were taken into torture sessions in order of rank, highest to lowest.", "Andrew Stockdale Andrew James Stockdale (born 20 July 1976) is an Australian rock musician, singer and songwriter best known as the lead vocalist, lead guitarist and only mainstay member of the rock band Wolfmother, which formed in 2000. In 2007, alongside his Wolfmother bandmates, he won 'Songwriter of the Year' at the APRA Awards. Aside from his work with Wolfmother, Stockdale was featured on the 2010 single \"By the Sword\" by Slash. Andrew James Stockdale was born on 20 July 1976. Stockdale was raised in Ashgrove, Brisbane and educated at Ashgrove State School, Wimbledon Middle School, The Gap State High School and Kelvin Grove State College. He briefly lived in Wimbledon Village, London as a child. Stockdale's influences are most commonly cited among late-sixties and early-seventies hard rock and heavy metal guitarists. Vocally compared to a \"cross between Robert Plant and Ozzy Osbourne\" by Allmusic, his guitar antics and stage persona are commonly traced to Black Sabbath's Tony Iommi, while his style can often be compared to progressive rockers like Pink Floyd. Stockdale plays Gibson guitars, primarily a 1974 SG standard with a Bigsby vibrato tailpiece in vintage sunburst. He has also been seen using a 1961 Reissue Gibson SG. Other times he uses a Gibson Dot Studio ES-335, a white Gibson Flying V and an alpine white Gibson EDS-1275 with golden hardware. For the recording of the Wolfmother album he used a borrowed Gibson ES-355 through a 1960s Marshall. When playing live, he uses a Vox AC30 and a Marshall JMP. In the past Stockdale has been noted to use Orange amplifiers and cabinets. Stockdale also states to use a Fender Stratocaster, though he prefers the Gibson guitars.", "In Love and War (1987 film) In Love and War (1987) is a Vietnam war-based thriller/drama television film starring James Woods and Jane Alexander. It was directed by Paul Aaron. The film is based on the true story of James Stockdale and Sybil Stockdale. James Stockdale, a highest-ranking naval officer, was held as a prisoner of war in Vietnam, whilst Sybil Stockdale became a co-founder, and then later served as the national coordinator of the National League of Families, a nonprofit organization that worked on behalf of American Vietnam-era Missing in Action and Prisoner of War Families. The film's screenplay was written by Carol Schreder, who was also one of the film's producers. The screenplay was based on the book \"In Love and War: The Story of a Family's Ordeal and Sacrifice During the Vietnam Years\", which was written by James and Sybil Stockdale themselves. The film's production companies were Carol Schneider Productions and Tisch/ Avnet Productions Inc. \"In Love and War\" is an account of US Navy Commander James Stockdale's eight year imprisonment in North Vietnam as a prisoner of war. During his confinement in sub-human living conditions within such camps as the infamous \"Hanoi Hilton\", Stockdale, amongst other American prisoners, led a resistance group against the North Vietnamese, facing torture, isolation, and starvation in attempts to break their wills. Meanwhile, back in America, Stockdale's wife, Sybil, begins working with other POW wives to try to get information on their husbands and to inform the world on their treatment. The film stars James Woods as James B. 'Jim' Stockdale and Jane Alexander as Sybil Stockdale."], "answer": {"text": "On 9 September 1965, while flying from USS Oriskany on a mission over North Vietnam, Stockdale ejected from his Douglas A-4 Skyhawk,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f9e9856530ff4f0698e01f2e92aae548_1_q#1", "question": "What happened while he was a POW?", "rewrite": "What happened while James Stockdale was a POW?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Andrew Stockdale Andrew James Stockdale (born 20 July 1976) is an Australian rock musician, singer and songwriter best known as the lead vocalist, lead guitarist and only mainstay member of the rock band Wolfmother, which formed in 2000. In 2007, alongside his Wolfmother bandmates, he won 'Songwriter of the Year' at the APRA Awards. Aside from his work with Wolfmother, Stockdale was featured on the 2010 single \"By the Sword\" by Slash. Andrew James Stockdale was born on 20 July 1976. Stockdale was raised in Ashgrove, Brisbane and educated at Ashgrove State School, Wimbledon Middle School, The Gap State High School and Kelvin Grove State College. He briefly lived in Wimbledon Village, London as a child. Stockdale's influences are most commonly cited among late-sixties and early-seventies hard rock and heavy metal guitarists. Vocally compared to a \"cross between Robert Plant and Ozzy Osbourne\" by Allmusic, his guitar antics and stage persona are commonly traced to Black Sabbath's Tony Iommi, while his style can often be compared to progressive rockers like Pink Floyd. Stockdale plays Gibson guitars, primarily a 1974 SG standard with a Bigsby vibrato tailpiece in vintage sunburst. He has also been seen using a 1961 Reissue Gibson SG. Other times he uses a Gibson Dot Studio ES-335, a white Gibson Flying V and an alpine white Gibson EDS-1275 with golden hardware. For the recording of the Wolfmother album he used a borrowed Gibson ES-355 through a 1960s Marshall. When playing live, he uses a Vox AC30 and a Marshall JMP. In the past Stockdale has been noted to use Orange amplifiers and cabinets. Stockdale also states to use a Fender Stratocaster, though he prefers the Gibson guitars.", "Alcatraz Gang The Alcatraz Gang was a group of eleven American prisoners of war (POW) held separately in Hanoi, North Vietnam during the Vietnam War because of their particular resistance to their North-Vietnamese military captors. These eleven POWs were: George Thomas Coker, USN; Jeremiah Denton, USN; Harry Jenkins, USN; Sam Johnson, USAF; George McKnight, USAF; James Mulligan, USN; Howard Rutledge, USN; Robert Shumaker, USN; James Stockdale, USN; Ronald Storz, USAF; and Nels Tanner, USN. These prisoners were held in solitary confinement from 25 October 1967 to 9 December 1969 at a special facility (dubbed \"Alcatraz\" by Commander Stockdale) in a courtyard behind the North Vietnamese Ministry of National Defense, about a mile away from Hoa Lo prison (\"Hanoi Hilton\"-named by Lt. Commander Schumaker, the earliest captured prisoner among the eleven). The prisoners were shackled with legcuffs every night in 3-by-9-foot windowless concrete cells with the light on around the clock. The eleven Americans were separated because they were leaders of the prisoners' resistance\". Stockdale once tried to kill himself so that the North Vietnamese could not force him to make a propaganda film. The suicide attempt failed and the film was never made. Of Stockdale, Lt. Coker said \"He was probably the strongest, most exemplary leader of the whole North Vietnamese POW environment\". Coker and McKnight were the last POWs assigned to the Alcatraz Gang, being so assigned for previous fierce resistance to their treatment and an unsuccessful escape from the Power Plant or \"Dirty Bird\" prison camp. The group received special torture and were taken into torture sessions in order of rank, highest to lowest.", "National League of POW/MIA Families The National League of Families of American Prisoners and Missing in Southeast Asia is an American 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that is concerned with the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue. According to the group's web site, its sole purpose is \"to obtain the release of all prisoners, the fullest possible accounting for the missing and repatriation of all recoverable remains of those who died serving our nation during the Vietnam War in Southeast Asia.\" The League's most prominent symbol is its famous POW/MIA flag. The League's origins date to groups created by Sybil Stockdale and a group of POW/MIA wives in Coronado, California, as well as POW/MIA wives in the Hampton, Virginia, area led by Evelyn Grubb and Mary Crowe, in 1967. Sybil Stockdale's husband, Navy Commander James Stockdale, was shot down in 1965 and she was determined to make the American people aware of the mistreatment of U.S. POWs. Grubb and Crowe were frustrated with the lack of information from federal officials. It was these groups that finally convinced the U.S. government to change their official stance on the POW/MIA issue in 1969. Eventually, the League was incorporated in Washington, D.C., on May 28, 1970. Another notable member of the league during the war was Joe McCain, brother of imprisoned U.S. Navy pilot and future U.S. Senator and presidential candidate John McCain. The league gained increased international attention in 1972 when \"Life Magazine\" ran a feature article on the organization.", "During the late 1970s and 1980s, the friends and relatives of unaccounted-for U.S. personnel became politically active, requesting the United States government reveal what steps were taken to follow up on intelligence regarding last-known-alive MIAs and POWs. When initial inquiries revealed important information had not been pursued, many families and their supporters asked for the public release of POW/MIA records and called for an investigation. U.S. Private First Class Robert R. Garwood is often cited as the last U.S. POW from the Vietnam War. In 1979, Garwood reemerged, claiming he and other POWs had remained imprisoned after the war. In a court-martial shortly after his return, he was found not guilty of desertion, solicitation of U.S. troops in the field to refuse to fight and to defect, and maltreatment. However, he was convicted on February 5, 1981, of communicating with the enemy and of the assault on an U.S. prisoner of war interned in a POW camp. Later independent investigations found no substantial evidence to support Garwood's claims, and a Department of Defense investigation published in 1993 concluded Garwood was a collaborator with the enemy. A subsequent 1993 investigation conducted directly by senator Bob Smith claimed to have found the building where Garwood was imprisoned, but the building's connection to Garwood is disputed. The National League of Families of American Prisoners and Missing in Southeast Asia was created by Sybil Stockdale, Evelyn Grubb and Mary Crowe as an originally small group of POW/MIA wives in Coronado, California and Hampton Roads, Virginia in 1967. Sybil Stockdale's husband, Navy Commander James Stockdale, was shot down in 1965 and she was determined to make the American people aware of the mistreatment of U.S. POWs.", "In Love and War (1987 film) In Love and War (1987) is a Vietnam war-based thriller/drama television film starring James Woods and Jane Alexander. It was directed by Paul Aaron. The film is based on the true story of James Stockdale and Sybil Stockdale. James Stockdale, a highest-ranking naval officer, was held as a prisoner of war in Vietnam, whilst Sybil Stockdale became a co-founder, and then later served as the national coordinator of the National League of Families, a nonprofit organization that worked on behalf of American Vietnam-era Missing in Action and Prisoner of War Families. The film's screenplay was written by Carol Schreder, who was also one of the film's producers. The screenplay was based on the book \"In Love and War: The Story of a Family's Ordeal and Sacrifice During the Vietnam Years\", which was written by James and Sybil Stockdale themselves. The film's production companies were Carol Schneider Productions and Tisch/ Avnet Productions Inc. \"In Love and War\" is an account of US Navy Commander James Stockdale's eight year imprisonment in North Vietnam as a prisoner of war. During his confinement in sub-human living conditions within such camps as the infamous \"Hanoi Hilton\", Stockdale, amongst other American prisoners, led a resistance group against the North Vietnamese, facing torture, isolation, and starvation in attempts to break their wills. Meanwhile, back in America, Stockdale's wife, Sybil, begins working with other POW wives to try to get information on their husbands and to inform the world on their treatment. The film stars James Woods as James B. 'Jim' Stockdale and Jane Alexander as Sybil Stockdale."], "answer": {"text": "Stockdale was held as a prisoner of war in the Hoa Lo prison (the infamous \"Hanoi Hilton\") for the next seven and a half years.", "answer_start": 279}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did James Stockdale become a prisoner of war?", "answer": {"text": "On 9 September 1965, while flying from USS Oriskany on a mission over North Vietnam, Stockdale ejected from his Douglas A-4 Skyhawk,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_f9e9856530ff4f0698e01f2e92aae548_1_q#2", "question": "What happened during those 7.5 years?", "rewrite": "What happened during the 7.5 years James Stockdale was a POW?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In Love and War (1987 film) In Love and War (1987) is a Vietnam war-based thriller/drama television film starring James Woods and Jane Alexander. It was directed by Paul Aaron. The film is based on the true story of James Stockdale and Sybil Stockdale. James Stockdale, a highest-ranking naval officer, was held as a prisoner of war in Vietnam, whilst Sybil Stockdale became a co-founder, and then later served as the national coordinator of the National League of Families, a nonprofit organization that worked on behalf of American Vietnam-era Missing in Action and Prisoner of War Families. The film's screenplay was written by Carol Schreder, who was also one of the film's producers. The screenplay was based on the book \"In Love and War: The Story of a Family's Ordeal and Sacrifice During the Vietnam Years\", which was written by James and Sybil Stockdale themselves. The film's production companies were Carol Schneider Productions and Tisch/ Avnet Productions Inc. \"In Love and War\" is an account of US Navy Commander James Stockdale's eight year imprisonment in North Vietnam as a prisoner of war. During his confinement in sub-human living conditions within such camps as the infamous \"Hanoi Hilton\", Stockdale, amongst other American prisoners, led a resistance group against the North Vietnamese, facing torture, isolation, and starvation in attempts to break their wills. Meanwhile, back in America, Stockdale's wife, Sybil, begins working with other POW wives to try to get information on their husbands and to inform the world on their treatment. The film stars James Woods as James B. 'Jim' Stockdale and Jane Alexander as Sybil Stockdale.", "Andrew Stockdale Andrew James Stockdale (born 20 July 1976) is an Australian rock musician, singer and songwriter best known as the lead vocalist, lead guitarist and only mainstay member of the rock band Wolfmother, which formed in 2000. In 2007, alongside his Wolfmother bandmates, he won 'Songwriter of the Year' at the APRA Awards. Aside from his work with Wolfmother, Stockdale was featured on the 2010 single \"By the Sword\" by Slash. Andrew James Stockdale was born on 20 July 1976. Stockdale was raised in Ashgrove, Brisbane and educated at Ashgrove State School, Wimbledon Middle School, The Gap State High School and Kelvin Grove State College. He briefly lived in Wimbledon Village, London as a child. Stockdale's influences are most commonly cited among late-sixties and early-seventies hard rock and heavy metal guitarists. Vocally compared to a \"cross between Robert Plant and Ozzy Osbourne\" by Allmusic, his guitar antics and stage persona are commonly traced to Black Sabbath's Tony Iommi, while his style can often be compared to progressive rockers like Pink Floyd. Stockdale plays Gibson guitars, primarily a 1974 SG standard with a Bigsby vibrato tailpiece in vintage sunburst. He has also been seen using a 1961 Reissue Gibson SG. Other times he uses a Gibson Dot Studio ES-335, a white Gibson Flying V and an alpine white Gibson EDS-1275 with golden hardware. For the recording of the Wolfmother album he used a borrowed Gibson ES-355 through a 1960s Marshall. When playing live, he uses a Vox AC30 and a Marshall JMP. In the past Stockdale has been noted to use Orange amplifiers and cabinets. Stockdale also states to use a Fender Stratocaster, though he prefers the Gibson guitars.", "During the late 1970s and 1980s, the friends and relatives of unaccounted-for U.S. personnel became politically active, requesting the United States government reveal what steps were taken to follow up on intelligence regarding last-known-alive MIAs and POWs. When initial inquiries revealed important information had not been pursued, many families and their supporters asked for the public release of POW/MIA records and called for an investigation. U.S. Private First Class Robert R. Garwood is often cited as the last U.S. POW from the Vietnam War. In 1979, Garwood reemerged, claiming he and other POWs had remained imprisoned after the war. In a court-martial shortly after his return, he was found not guilty of desertion, solicitation of U.S. troops in the field to refuse to fight and to defect, and maltreatment. However, he was convicted on February 5, 1981, of communicating with the enemy and of the assault on an U.S. prisoner of war interned in a POW camp. Later independent investigations found no substantial evidence to support Garwood's claims, and a Department of Defense investigation published in 1993 concluded Garwood was a collaborator with the enemy. A subsequent 1993 investigation conducted directly by senator Bob Smith claimed to have found the building where Garwood was imprisoned, but the building's connection to Garwood is disputed. The National League of Families of American Prisoners and Missing in Southeast Asia was created by Sybil Stockdale, Evelyn Grubb and Mary Crowe as an originally small group of POW/MIA wives in Coronado, California and Hampton Roads, Virginia in 1967. Sybil Stockdale's husband, Navy Commander James Stockdale, was shot down in 1965 and she was determined to make the American people aware of the mistreatment of U.S. POWs.", "Alcatraz Gang The Alcatraz Gang was a group of eleven American prisoners of war (POW) held separately in Hanoi, North Vietnam during the Vietnam War because of their particular resistance to their North-Vietnamese military captors. These eleven POWs were: George Thomas Coker, USN; Jeremiah Denton, USN; Harry Jenkins, USN; Sam Johnson, USAF; George McKnight, USAF; James Mulligan, USN; Howard Rutledge, USN; Robert Shumaker, USN; James Stockdale, USN; Ronald Storz, USAF; and Nels Tanner, USN. These prisoners were held in solitary confinement from 25 October 1967 to 9 December 1969 at a special facility (dubbed \"Alcatraz\" by Commander Stockdale) in a courtyard behind the North Vietnamese Ministry of National Defense, about a mile away from Hoa Lo prison (\"Hanoi Hilton\"-named by Lt. Commander Schumaker, the earliest captured prisoner among the eleven). The prisoners were shackled with legcuffs every night in 3-by-9-foot windowless concrete cells with the light on around the clock. The eleven Americans were separated because they were leaders of the prisoners' resistance\". Stockdale once tried to kill himself so that the North Vietnamese could not force him to make a propaganda film. The suicide attempt failed and the film was never made. Of Stockdale, Lt. Coker said \"He was probably the strongest, most exemplary leader of the whole North Vietnamese POW environment\". Coker and McKnight were the last POWs assigned to the Alcatraz Gang, being so assigned for previous fierce resistance to their treatment and an unsuccessful escape from the Power Plant or \"Dirty Bird\" prison camp. The group received special torture and were taken into torture sessions in order of rank, highest to lowest.", "National League of POW/MIA Families The National League of Families of American Prisoners and Missing in Southeast Asia is an American 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that is concerned with the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue. According to the group's web site, its sole purpose is \"to obtain the release of all prisoners, the fullest possible accounting for the missing and repatriation of all recoverable remains of those who died serving our nation during the Vietnam War in Southeast Asia.\" The League's most prominent symbol is its famous POW/MIA flag. The League's origins date to groups created by Sybil Stockdale and a group of POW/MIA wives in Coronado, California, as well as POW/MIA wives in the Hampton, Virginia, area led by Evelyn Grubb and Mary Crowe, in 1967. Sybil Stockdale's husband, Navy Commander James Stockdale, was shot down in 1965 and she was determined to make the American people aware of the mistreatment of U.S. POWs. Grubb and Crowe were frustrated with the lack of information from federal officials. It was these groups that finally convinced the U.S. government to change their official stance on the POW/MIA issue in 1969. Eventually, the League was incorporated in Washington, D.C., on May 28, 1970. Another notable member of the league during the war was Joe McCain, brother of imprisoned U.S. Navy pilot and future U.S. Senator and presidential candidate John McCain. The league gained increased international attention in 1972 when \"Life Magazine\" ran a feature article on the organization."], "answer": {"text": "Tortured routinely and denied medical attention for the severely damaged leg he suffered during capture,", "answer_start": 497}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did James Stockdale become a prisoner of war?", "answer": {"text": "On 9 September 1965, while flying from USS Oriskany on a mission over North Vietnam, Stockdale ejected from his Douglas A-4 Skyhawk,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What happened while he was a POW?", "answer": {"text": "Stockdale was held as a prisoner of war in the Hoa Lo prison (the infamous \"Hanoi Hilton\") for the next seven and a half years.", "answer_start": 279, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_f9e9856530ff4f0698e01f2e92aae548_1_q#3", "question": "What else transpired during his time at Hoa Lo prison?", "rewrite": "In addition to torture and denial of medical care, what else transpired during James Stockdale's time at Hoa Lo prison?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This created the \"Camp Unity\" communal living area at H\u1ecfa L\u00f2, which greatly reduced the isolation of the POWs and improved their morale. After the implementation of the 1973 Paris Peace Accords, neither the United States nor its allies ever formally charged North Vietnam with the war crimes revealed to have been committed there. In the 2000s, the Vietnamese government has had the position that claims that prisoners were tortured at Hoa Lo and other sites during the war are fabricated, but that Vietnam wants to move past the issue as part of establishing better relations with the U.S. Tran Trong Duyet, a jailer at Hoa Lo beginning in 1968 and its commandant for the last three years of the war, maintained in 2008 that no prisoners were tortured. However, eyewitness accounts by American servicemen present a different account of their captivity. After the war, Risner wrote the book \"Passing of the Night\" detailing his seven years at the Hanoi Hilton. A considerable amount of literature emerged from released POWs after repatriation, depicting Hoa Lo and the other prisons as places where such atrocities as murder, beatings, broken bones, teeth and eardrums, dislocated limbs, starvation, serving of food contaminated with human and animal feces, and medical neglect of infections and tropical disease occurred. These details are revealed in famous accounts by McCain (\"Faith of My Fathers\"), Denton, Alvarez, Day, Risner, Stockdale and dozens of others. In addition, the Hanoi Hilton was depicted in the 1987 Hollywood movie \"The Hanoi Hilton\". The prison continued to be in use after the release of the American prisoners. Among the last inmates was dissident poet", "He was imprisoned yet again, this time in the Hoa Lo prison (\"Hanoi Hilton\") for six years, then six more years at other prisons in northern Vietnam. During this imprisonment, Thien's poems which made their way to the West were translated into English by Hu\u1ef3nh Sanh Th\u00f4ng of Yale University. The work won the International Poetry Award in Rotterdam in 1985. He was adopted as a prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International in 1986. Twelve years after bringing his manuscript to the British Embassy, he was released from jail. He lived in Hanoi under close watch by the authorities, but his international following also kept an eye on Thien. Human Rights Watch honored him in 1995. That year he was also permitted to emigrate to the United States with the intervention of Noboru Masuoka, a retired Air Force colonel and career military officer who was drafted into the U.S. Army following internment in Heart Mountain camp for Japanese Americans in 1945. He immediately wrote \"Hoa Dia Nguc II\", poems composed in his memory (as he was not allowed pen and paper in prison) from 1979 to 1988. They were published in bilingual editions (Vietnamese and English) then again in its Vietnamese entirety in 2006. In 1998 Nguyen Chi Thien was awarded a fellowship from the International Parliament of Writers. He lived in France for three years, writing the Hoa Lo Stories, prose narrative of his experiences in prison. These were translated and published in English as the \"Hoa Lo / Hanoi Hilton Stories\" by Yale Southeast Asia Studies in 2007. Thien's original manuscript was returned to him in early 2008 by the widow of Prof. Patrick Honey of the University of London, who had shared the material with many Vietnamese exiles, but always guarded the original work. Nguyen Chi Thien died in Santa Ana, California on 2 October 2012.", "Whatever the position of my government, I believe in it, yes sir. I am a member of that government, and it is my job to support it, and I will as long as I live. \" While a prisoner, he was promoted to the rank of captain. Denton was later awarded the Navy Cross and other decorations for heroism while a prisoner of war. Denton was put in the \"Hanoi Hilton\" and the \"Zoo\" prison and prison camp and \"Little Vegas\" and \"Alcatraz\" prisons. In \"Alcatraz\", he became part of a group of American POWs known as the \"Alcatraz Gang\". The group consisted of George Coker, Harry Jenkins, Sam Johnson, George McKnight, James Mulligan, Howard Rutledge, Robert Shumaker, James Stockdale (who had graduated with Denton from the Naval Academy), Ronald Storz, and Nels Tanner. They were put in \"Alcatraz\" and solitary confinement to separate them from other POWs because their strong resistance led other POWs in resisting their captors. \" Alcatraz\" was a special facility in a courtyard behind the North Vietnamese Ministry of National Defense, located about one mile away from Hoa Lo Prison. Each of the American POWs spent day and night in windowless cells mostly in legcuffs. On February 12, 1973, both Denton and Tschudy were released in Hanoi by the North Vietnamese along with numerous other American POWs during Operation Homecoming. Stepping off the jet back home in uniform, Denton said: \"We are honored to have had the opportunity to serve our country under difficult circumstances. We are profoundly grateful to our Commander-in-Chief and to our nation for this day. God bless America. \" The speech has a prominent place in the 1987 documentary, \"\".", "On 9 September 1965, while flying from USS Oriskany on a mission over North Vietnam, Stockdale ejected from his Douglas A-4 Skyhawk, which had been struck by enemy fire and completely disabled. He parachuted into a small village, where he was severely beaten and taken prisoner. Stockdale was held as a prisoner of war in the Hoa Lo prison (the infamous \"Hanoi Hilton\") for the next seven and a half years. As the senior Naval officer, he was one of the primary organizers of prisoner resistance. Tortured routinely and denied medical attention for the severely damaged leg he suffered during capture, Stockdale created and enforced a code of conduct for all prisoners which governed torture, secret communications, and behavior. In the summer of 1969, he was locked in leg irons in a bath stall and routinely tortured and beaten. When told by his captors that he was to be paraded in public, Stockdale slit his scalp with a razor to purposely disfigure himself so that his captors could not use him as propaganda. When they covered his head with a hat, he beat himself with a stool until his face was swollen beyond recognition. When Stockdale was discovered with information that could implicate his friends' \"black activities\", he slit his wrists so they could not torture him into confession. Early in Stockdale's captivity, his wife, Sybil Stockdale, organized The League of American Families of POWs and MIAs, with other wives of servicemen who were in similar circumstances. By 1968, she and her organization, which called for the President and the U.S. Congress to publicly acknowledge the mistreatment of the POWs (something that had never been done despite evidence of gross mistreatment), gained the attention of the American press. Sybil Stockdale personally made these demands known at the Paris Peace Talks.", "Alcatraz Gang The Alcatraz Gang was a group of eleven American prisoners of war (POW) held separately in Hanoi, North Vietnam during the Vietnam War because of their particular resistance to their North-Vietnamese military captors. These eleven POWs were: George Thomas Coker, USN; Jeremiah Denton, USN; Harry Jenkins, USN; Sam Johnson, USAF; George McKnight, USAF; James Mulligan, USN; Howard Rutledge, USN; Robert Shumaker, USN; James Stockdale, USN; Ronald Storz, USAF; and Nels Tanner, USN. These prisoners were held in solitary confinement from 25 October 1967 to 9 December 1969 at a special facility (dubbed \"Alcatraz\" by Commander Stockdale) in a courtyard behind the North Vietnamese Ministry of National Defense, about a mile away from Hoa Lo prison (\"Hanoi Hilton\"-named by Lt. Commander Schumaker, the earliest captured prisoner among the eleven). The prisoners were shackled with legcuffs every night in 3-by-9-foot windowless concrete cells with the light on around the clock. The eleven Americans were separated because they were leaders of the prisoners' resistance\". Stockdale once tried to kill himself so that the North Vietnamese could not force him to make a propaganda film. The suicide attempt failed and the film was never made. Of Stockdale, Lt. Coker said \"He was probably the strongest, most exemplary leader of the whole North Vietnamese POW environment\". Coker and McKnight were the last POWs assigned to the Alcatraz Gang, being so assigned for previous fierce resistance to their treatment and an unsuccessful escape from the Power Plant or \"Dirty Bird\" prison camp. The group received special torture and were taken into torture sessions in order of rank, highest to lowest."], "answer": {"text": "Stockdale created and enforced a code of conduct for all prisoners which governed torture, secret communications, and behavior.", "answer_start": 602}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did James Stockdale become a prisoner of war?", "answer": {"text": "On 9 September 1965, while flying from USS Oriskany on a mission over North Vietnam, Stockdale ejected from his Douglas A-4 Skyhawk,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What happened while he was a POW?", "answer": {"text": "Stockdale was held as a prisoner of war in the Hoa Lo prison (the infamous \"Hanoi Hilton\") for the next seven and a half years.", "answer_start": 279, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What happened during those 7.5 years?", "answer": {"text": "Tortured routinely and denied medical attention for the severely damaged leg he suffered during capture,", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_f9e9856530ff4f0698e01f2e92aae548_1_q#5", "question": "What else happened during his time as a POW?", "rewrite": "What else happened during John Stockdale's time as a POW other than torture, denial of medical care, and Stockdale's creation of a code of conduct for all prisoners?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In Love and War (1987 film) In Love and War (1987) is a Vietnam war-based thriller/drama television film starring James Woods and Jane Alexander. It was directed by Paul Aaron. The film is based on the true story of James Stockdale and Sybil Stockdale. James Stockdale, a highest-ranking naval officer, was held as a prisoner of war in Vietnam, whilst Sybil Stockdale became a co-founder, and then later served as the national coordinator of the National League of Families, a nonprofit organization that worked on behalf of American Vietnam-era Missing in Action and Prisoner of War Families. The film's screenplay was written by Carol Schreder, who was also one of the film's producers. The screenplay was based on the book \"In Love and War: The Story of a Family's Ordeal and Sacrifice During the Vietnam Years\", which was written by James and Sybil Stockdale themselves. The film's production companies were Carol Schneider Productions and Tisch/ Avnet Productions Inc. \"In Love and War\" is an account of US Navy Commander James Stockdale's eight year imprisonment in North Vietnam as a prisoner of war. During his confinement in sub-human living conditions within such camps as the infamous \"Hanoi Hilton\", Stockdale, amongst other American prisoners, led a resistance group against the North Vietnamese, facing torture, isolation, and starvation in attempts to break their wills. Meanwhile, back in America, Stockdale's wife, Sybil, begins working with other POW wives to try to get information on their husbands and to inform the world on their treatment. The film stars James Woods as James B. 'Jim' Stockdale and Jane Alexander as Sybil Stockdale.", "John Stockdale John Stockdale (25 March 1750 \u2013 21 June 1814) was an English publisher whose London shop became a salon for the political classes and who had to face two actions for defamation. One by the House of Commons became a \"cause c\u00e9l\u00e8bre\" and resulted in an important change in the law. John Stockdale was born in Caldbeck, Cumberland, the son of Priscilla Stockdale (1726\u20131789) and Joseph Stockdale. He is believed to have been raised as a blacksmith, like his father, and then to have become valet to John Astley of Dukinfield, Cheshire. He married Mary Ridgway, a native of Roe Cross, Mottram-in-Longdendale, Cheshire, and sister to James Ridgway, a well-known publisher of Piccadilly, London. He had met Mary in the Dukinfield Moravian chapel. Stockdale moved to London about 1780 (or 1770) and worked as a porter to publisher John Almon, near to the premises of his brother in law. When Almon retired from business in favour of John Debrett, Stockdale opened a book shop in competition and, \"being a man of natural parts, he soon became conspicuous in business in spite of much eccentricity of conduct and great coarseness of manners\". Both Stockdale's and Debrett's premises became meeting places for the political classes, Debrett's being frequented by the Whigs and Stockdale's by the supporters of William Pitt. John Adams, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, lodged with Stockdale for two months during 1783. He was an industrious publisher and among the many works that he published were:", "On 9 September 1965, while flying from USS Oriskany on a mission over North Vietnam, Stockdale ejected from his Douglas A-4 Skyhawk, which had been struck by enemy fire and completely disabled. He parachuted into a small village, where he was severely beaten and taken prisoner. Stockdale was held as a prisoner of war in the Hoa Lo prison (the infamous \"Hanoi Hilton\") for the next seven and a half years. As the senior Naval officer, he was one of the primary organizers of prisoner resistance. Tortured routinely and denied medical attention for the severely damaged leg he suffered during capture, Stockdale created and enforced a code of conduct for all prisoners which governed torture, secret communications, and behavior. In the summer of 1969, he was locked in leg irons in a bath stall and routinely tortured and beaten. When told by his captors that he was to be paraded in public, Stockdale slit his scalp with a razor to purposely disfigure himself so that his captors could not use him as propaganda. When they covered his head with a hat, he beat himself with a stool until his face was swollen beyond recognition. When Stockdale was discovered with information that could implicate his friends' \"black activities\", he slit his wrists so they could not torture him into confession. Early in Stockdale's captivity, his wife, Sybil Stockdale, organized The League of American Families of POWs and MIAs, with other wives of servicemen who were in similar circumstances. By 1968, she and her organization, which called for the President and the U.S. Congress to publicly acknowledge the mistreatment of the POWs (something that had never been done despite evidence of gross mistreatment), gained the attention of the American press. Sybil Stockdale personally made these demands known at the Paris Peace Talks.", "Sybil Stockdale Sybil Bailey Stockdale (November 25, 1924 \u2013 October 10, 2015) was the wife of a Vietnam War United States Navy pilot who became a prisoner of war (POW). Sybil then became a co-founder and National Coordinator of the National League of Families, a nonprofit organization that worked on behalf of American Vietnam-era Missing in Action and Prisoner of War Families. In her capacity as national coordinator for the League, she also served as its liaison to the White House and the Department of Defense. Stockdale is credited with helping to better publicize the mistreatment of US prisoners by North Vietnam and for helping to improve American policies concerning the treatment and handling of POW families. Stockdale is the recipient of the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award, the highest award given by the Department of the Navy to a citizen not employed by the Department. She is the only wife of an active-duty officer ever to have been so honored. Stockdale was also the co-author, along with her husband, of the book \"In Love and War: the Story of a Family's Ordeal and Sacrifice During the Vietnam War\". Her husband, James Bond Stockdale, was a recipient of the Medal of Honor for bravery in war, and after his release at the end of the war, was eventually promoted to vice admiral and by the time of his death in 2005 was one of the United States' most honored and decorated military veterans in the post-World War II era. He was present at the August 4, 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Incident, spent 7 years under torture as a POW in North Vietnam, later became President of The Citadel, and eventually ran for Vice-President of the United States with Ross Perot heading the ticket.", "John Joseph Stockdale John Joseph Stockdale (1770, 1776 or 1777 \u2013 16 February 1847) was an English publisher and editor with something of a reputation as a pornographer. He sought to blackmail a number of public figures over the \"memoirs\" of society courtesan Harriette Wilson, drawing the notorious retort from the Duke of Wellington, \"Publish and be damned!\" He also famously sued the parliamentary reporter Hansard over an allegation that he had published an indecent book and became involved in an important constitutional clash between parliament and the courts that ultimately brought about a change in the law. The son of John Stockdale and Mary \"n\u00e9e\" Ridgway, John Joseph was brother to Mary Stockdale. He was educated privately at a boarding school in Bedfordshire and in 1793 started to work for his father, being admitted to the freedom of the Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers on 3 August 1802, and afterwards taking up the livery. In 1805 he married Sophia, a niece of Philip Box a successful banker, and he established his own business in Pall Mall in 1806, possibly with financial help from Box. He compiled and edited many books, including: Stockdale also sold copies of Original Poetry by Victor and Cazire by Percy Bysshe Shelley and his sister Elizabeth in 1810. In 1811, Stockdale, under the pseudonym of Thomas Little published an edition of John Roberton's treatise on the pathology of the reproductive system \"On Diseases of the Generative System\". Roberton was a radical and something of an outsider to the medical profession, and the book's explicit anatomical plates, together with Stockdale's \"louche\" reputation, meant that the book attracted some distaste and notoriety. Stockdale had in fact interpolated some additional sensational illustrations."], "answer": {"text": "Early in Stockdale's captivity, his wife, Sybil Stockdale, organized The League of American Families of POWs and MIAs,", "answer_start": 1297}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did James Stockdale become a prisoner of war?", "answer": {"text": "On 9 September 1965, while flying from USS Oriskany on a mission over North Vietnam, Stockdale ejected from his Douglas A-4 Skyhawk,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What happened while he was a POW?", "answer": {"text": "Stockdale was held as a prisoner of war in the Hoa Lo prison (the infamous \"Hanoi Hilton\") for the next seven and a half years.", "answer_start": 279, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What happened during those 7.5 years?", "answer": {"text": "Tortured routinely and denied medical attention for the severely damaged leg he suffered during capture,", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What else transpired during his time at Hoa Lo prison?", "answer": {"text": "Stockdale created and enforced a code of conduct for all prisoners which governed torture, secret communications, and behavior.", "answer_start": 602, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "How did he escape being a POW?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f9e9856530ff4f0698e01f2e92aae548_1_q#6", "question": "Was there anything else that happened while he was a POW?", "rewrite": "Was there anything else that happened while John Stockdale was a POW other than denial of medical care, and Stockdale's creation of a code of conduct for all prisoners?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In Love and War (1987 film) In Love and War (1987) is a Vietnam war-based thriller/drama television film starring James Woods and Jane Alexander. It was directed by Paul Aaron. The film is based on the true story of James Stockdale and Sybil Stockdale. James Stockdale, a highest-ranking naval officer, was held as a prisoner of war in Vietnam, whilst Sybil Stockdale became a co-founder, and then later served as the national coordinator of the National League of Families, a nonprofit organization that worked on behalf of American Vietnam-era Missing in Action and Prisoner of War Families. The film's screenplay was written by Carol Schreder, who was also one of the film's producers. The screenplay was based on the book \"In Love and War: The Story of a Family's Ordeal and Sacrifice During the Vietnam Years\", which was written by James and Sybil Stockdale themselves. The film's production companies were Carol Schneider Productions and Tisch/ Avnet Productions Inc. \"In Love and War\" is an account of US Navy Commander James Stockdale's eight year imprisonment in North Vietnam as a prisoner of war. During his confinement in sub-human living conditions within such camps as the infamous \"Hanoi Hilton\", Stockdale, amongst other American prisoners, led a resistance group against the North Vietnamese, facing torture, isolation, and starvation in attempts to break their wills. Meanwhile, back in America, Stockdale's wife, Sybil, begins working with other POW wives to try to get information on their husbands and to inform the world on their treatment. The film stars James Woods as James B. 'Jim' Stockdale and Jane Alexander as Sybil Stockdale.", "John Joseph Stockdale John Joseph Stockdale (1770, 1776 or 1777 \u2013 16 February 1847) was an English publisher and editor with something of a reputation as a pornographer. He sought to blackmail a number of public figures over the \"memoirs\" of society courtesan Harriette Wilson, drawing the notorious retort from the Duke of Wellington, \"Publish and be damned!\" He also famously sued the parliamentary reporter Hansard over an allegation that he had published an indecent book and became involved in an important constitutional clash between parliament and the courts that ultimately brought about a change in the law. The son of John Stockdale and Mary \"n\u00e9e\" Ridgway, John Joseph was brother to Mary Stockdale. He was educated privately at a boarding school in Bedfordshire and in 1793 started to work for his father, being admitted to the freedom of the Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers on 3 August 1802, and afterwards taking up the livery. In 1805 he married Sophia, a niece of Philip Box a successful banker, and he established his own business in Pall Mall in 1806, possibly with financial help from Box. He compiled and edited many books, including: Stockdale also sold copies of Original Poetry by Victor and Cazire by Percy Bysshe Shelley and his sister Elizabeth in 1810. In 1811, Stockdale, under the pseudonym of Thomas Little published an edition of John Roberton's treatise on the pathology of the reproductive system \"On Diseases of the Generative System\". Roberton was a radical and something of an outsider to the medical profession, and the book's explicit anatomical plates, together with Stockdale's \"louche\" reputation, meant that the book attracted some distaste and notoriety. Stockdale had in fact interpolated some additional sensational illustrations.", "Reginald Booth Stockdale Major-General Reginald Booth Stockdale CB CMG OBE FIMechE (12 January 1908 \u2013 12 April 1979) was Colonel Commandant of the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers between 1963 and 1968. Reginald Booth Stockdale was born In Port Louis, Mauritius on 12 January 1908, the son of Reginald Hind Stockdale of Preston, Lancashire. He was educated at Bedford Modern School. Stockdale began his career in 1931 as a lieutenant in the Royal Army Ordnance Corps. During World War II he served with the British Expeditionary Force (1939\u201340) and was at home (1940\u201342). He transferred to Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers as a major in 1942. He served in East Africa between 1946 and 1948 where he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. He was promoted colonel in 1951. Stockdale was with the British Army of the Rhine between 1952 and 1953, was deputy director of mechanical engineering in Southern Command between 1953 and 1956, and was DEME, BAOR between 1956 and 1959. He was promoted to brigadier in 1958 and major-general in 1960. Between 1960 and 1963 he was Commandant, Technical Group, REME, and its colonel commandant between 1963 and 1968.. In 1963, on retirement from the Army, Stockdale was appointed Inspector of the Arms Control Agency of Western European Union (WEU) in Paris and held this appointment until 1974. Stockdale was made OBE in 1945, CB in 1963 and CMG in 1975. Stockdale was a member of the Army and Navy Club. On 20 June 1940, Stockdale married Betty Celia Tucker, daughter of William Alexander Tucker of Bromley, Kent. They had two sons and a daughter. Stockdale died on 12 April 1979. Stockdale died on 12 April 1979. There is a photographic portrait of Stockdale at the National Portrait Gallery.", "John Stockdale John Stockdale (25 March 1750 \u2013 21 June 1814) was an English publisher whose London shop became a salon for the political classes and who had to face two actions for defamation. One by the House of Commons became a \"cause c\u00e9l\u00e8bre\" and resulted in an important change in the law. John Stockdale was born in Caldbeck, Cumberland, the son of Priscilla Stockdale (1726\u20131789) and Joseph Stockdale. He is believed to have been raised as a blacksmith, like his father, and then to have become valet to John Astley of Dukinfield, Cheshire. He married Mary Ridgway, a native of Roe Cross, Mottram-in-Longdendale, Cheshire, and sister to James Ridgway, a well-known publisher of Piccadilly, London. He had met Mary in the Dukinfield Moravian chapel. Stockdale moved to London about 1780 (or 1770) and worked as a porter to publisher John Almon, near to the premises of his brother in law. When Almon retired from business in favour of John Debrett, Stockdale opened a book shop in competition and, \"being a man of natural parts, he soon became conspicuous in business in spite of much eccentricity of conduct and great coarseness of manners\". Both Stockdale's and Debrett's premises became meeting places for the political classes, Debrett's being frequented by the Whigs and Stockdale's by the supporters of William Pitt. John Adams, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, lodged with Stockdale for two months during 1783. He was an industrious publisher and among the many works that he published were:", "On 9 September 1965, while flying from USS Oriskany on a mission over North Vietnam, Stockdale ejected from his Douglas A-4 Skyhawk, which had been struck by enemy fire and completely disabled. He parachuted into a small village, where he was severely beaten and taken prisoner. Stockdale was held as a prisoner of war in the Hoa Lo prison (the infamous \"Hanoi Hilton\") for the next seven and a half years. As the senior Naval officer, he was one of the primary organizers of prisoner resistance. Tortured routinely and denied medical attention for the severely damaged leg he suffered during capture, Stockdale created and enforced a code of conduct for all prisoners which governed torture, secret communications, and behavior. In the summer of 1969, he was locked in leg irons in a bath stall and routinely tortured and beaten. When told by his captors that he was to be paraded in public, Stockdale slit his scalp with a razor to purposely disfigure himself so that his captors could not use him as propaganda. When they covered his head with a hat, he beat himself with a stool until his face was swollen beyond recognition. When Stockdale was discovered with information that could implicate his friends' \"black activities\", he slit his wrists so they could not torture him into confession. Early in Stockdale's captivity, his wife, Sybil Stockdale, organized The League of American Families of POWs and MIAs, with other wives of servicemen who were in similar circumstances. By 1968, she and her organization, which called for the President and the U.S. Congress to publicly acknowledge the mistreatment of the POWs (something that had never been done despite evidence of gross mistreatment), gained the attention of the American press. Sybil Stockdale personally made these demands known at the Paris Peace Talks."], "answer": {"text": "In the summer of 1969, he was locked in leg irons in a bath stall and routinely tortured and beaten.", "answer_start": 730}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When did James Stockdale become a prisoner of war?", "answer": {"text": "On 9 September 1965, while flying from USS Oriskany on a mission over North Vietnam, Stockdale ejected from his Douglas A-4 Skyhawk,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What happened while he was a POW?", "answer": {"text": "Stockdale was held as a prisoner of war in the Hoa Lo prison (the infamous \"Hanoi Hilton\") for the next seven and a half years.", "answer_start": 279, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What happened during those 7.5 years?", "answer": {"text": "Tortured routinely and denied medical attention for the severely damaged leg he suffered during capture,", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What else transpired during his time at Hoa Lo prison?", "answer": {"text": "Stockdale created and enforced a code of conduct for all prisoners which governed torture, secret communications, and behavior.", "answer_start": 602, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "How did he escape being a POW?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened during his time as a POW?", "answer": {"text": "Early in Stockdale's captivity, his wife, Sybil Stockdale, organized The League of American Families of POWs and MIAs,", "answer_start": 1297, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_f9e9856530ff4f0698e01f2e92aae548_1_q#7", "question": "What else happened while he was a POW?", "rewrite": "What else happened while John Stockdale was a POW other than denial of medical care, and Stockdale's creation of a code of conduct for all prisoners?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On 9 September 1965, while flying from USS Oriskany on a mission over North Vietnam, Stockdale ejected from his Douglas A-4 Skyhawk, which had been struck by enemy fire and completely disabled. He parachuted into a small village, where he was severely beaten and taken prisoner. Stockdale was held as a prisoner of war in the Hoa Lo prison (the infamous \"Hanoi Hilton\") for the next seven and a half years. As the senior Naval officer, he was one of the primary organizers of prisoner resistance. Tortured routinely and denied medical attention for the severely damaged leg he suffered during capture, Stockdale created and enforced a code of conduct for all prisoners which governed torture, secret communications, and behavior. In the summer of 1969, he was locked in leg irons in a bath stall and routinely tortured and beaten. When told by his captors that he was to be paraded in public, Stockdale slit his scalp with a razor to purposely disfigure himself so that his captors could not use him as propaganda. When they covered his head with a hat, he beat himself with a stool until his face was swollen beyond recognition. When Stockdale was discovered with information that could implicate his friends' \"black activities\", he slit his wrists so they could not torture him into confession. Early in Stockdale's captivity, his wife, Sybil Stockdale, organized The League of American Families of POWs and MIAs, with other wives of servicemen who were in similar circumstances. By 1968, she and her organization, which called for the President and the U.S. Congress to publicly acknowledge the mistreatment of the POWs (something that had never been done despite evidence of gross mistreatment), gained the attention of the American press. Sybil Stockdale personally made these demands known at the Paris Peace Talks.", "John Joseph Stockdale John Joseph Stockdale (1770, 1776 or 1777 \u2013 16 February 1847) was an English publisher and editor with something of a reputation as a pornographer. He sought to blackmail a number of public figures over the \"memoirs\" of society courtesan Harriette Wilson, drawing the notorious retort from the Duke of Wellington, \"Publish and be damned!\" He also famously sued the parliamentary reporter Hansard over an allegation that he had published an indecent book and became involved in an important constitutional clash between parliament and the courts that ultimately brought about a change in the law. The son of John Stockdale and Mary \"n\u00e9e\" Ridgway, John Joseph was brother to Mary Stockdale. He was educated privately at a boarding school in Bedfordshire and in 1793 started to work for his father, being admitted to the freedom of the Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers on 3 August 1802, and afterwards taking up the livery. In 1805 he married Sophia, a niece of Philip Box a successful banker, and he established his own business in Pall Mall in 1806, possibly with financial help from Box. He compiled and edited many books, including: Stockdale also sold copies of Original Poetry by Victor and Cazire by Percy Bysshe Shelley and his sister Elizabeth in 1810. In 1811, Stockdale, under the pseudonym of Thomas Little published an edition of John Roberton's treatise on the pathology of the reproductive system \"On Diseases of the Generative System\". Roberton was a radical and something of an outsider to the medical profession, and the book's explicit anatomical plates, together with Stockdale's \"louche\" reputation, meant that the book attracted some distaste and notoriety. Stockdale had in fact interpolated some additional sensational illustrations.", "In Love and War (1987 film) In Love and War (1987) is a Vietnam war-based thriller/drama television film starring James Woods and Jane Alexander. It was directed by Paul Aaron. The film is based on the true story of James Stockdale and Sybil Stockdale. James Stockdale, a highest-ranking naval officer, was held as a prisoner of war in Vietnam, whilst Sybil Stockdale became a co-founder, and then later served as the national coordinator of the National League of Families, a nonprofit organization that worked on behalf of American Vietnam-era Missing in Action and Prisoner of War Families. The film's screenplay was written by Carol Schreder, who was also one of the film's producers. The screenplay was based on the book \"In Love and War: The Story of a Family's Ordeal and Sacrifice During the Vietnam Years\", which was written by James and Sybil Stockdale themselves. The film's production companies were Carol Schneider Productions and Tisch/ Avnet Productions Inc. \"In Love and War\" is an account of US Navy Commander James Stockdale's eight year imprisonment in North Vietnam as a prisoner of war. During his confinement in sub-human living conditions within such camps as the infamous \"Hanoi Hilton\", Stockdale, amongst other American prisoners, led a resistance group against the North Vietnamese, facing torture, isolation, and starvation in attempts to break their wills. Meanwhile, back in America, Stockdale's wife, Sybil, begins working with other POW wives to try to get information on their husbands and to inform the world on their treatment. The film stars James Woods as James B. 'Jim' Stockdale and Jane Alexander as Sybil Stockdale.", "Reginald Booth Stockdale Major-General Reginald Booth Stockdale CB CMG OBE FIMechE (12 January 1908 \u2013 12 April 1979) was Colonel Commandant of the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers between 1963 and 1968. Reginald Booth Stockdale was born In Port Louis, Mauritius on 12 January 1908, the son of Reginald Hind Stockdale of Preston, Lancashire. He was educated at Bedford Modern School. Stockdale began his career in 1931 as a lieutenant in the Royal Army Ordnance Corps. During World War II he served with the British Expeditionary Force (1939\u201340) and was at home (1940\u201342). He transferred to Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers as a major in 1942. He served in East Africa between 1946 and 1948 where he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. He was promoted colonel in 1951. Stockdale was with the British Army of the Rhine between 1952 and 1953, was deputy director of mechanical engineering in Southern Command between 1953 and 1956, and was DEME, BAOR between 1956 and 1959. He was promoted to brigadier in 1958 and major-general in 1960. Between 1960 and 1963 he was Commandant, Technical Group, REME, and its colonel commandant between 1963 and 1968.. In 1963, on retirement from the Army, Stockdale was appointed Inspector of the Arms Control Agency of Western European Union (WEU) in Paris and held this appointment until 1974. Stockdale was made OBE in 1945, CB in 1963 and CMG in 1975. Stockdale was a member of the Army and Navy Club. On 20 June 1940, Stockdale married Betty Celia Tucker, daughter of William Alexander Tucker of Bromley, Kent. They had two sons and a daughter. Stockdale died on 12 April 1979. Stockdale died on 12 April 1979. There is a photographic portrait of Stockdale at the National Portrait Gallery.", "John Stockdale John Stockdale (25 March 1750 \u2013 21 June 1814) was an English publisher whose London shop became a salon for the political classes and who had to face two actions for defamation. One by the House of Commons became a \"cause c\u00e9l\u00e8bre\" and resulted in an important change in the law. John Stockdale was born in Caldbeck, Cumberland, the son of Priscilla Stockdale (1726\u20131789) and Joseph Stockdale. He is believed to have been raised as a blacksmith, like his father, and then to have become valet to John Astley of Dukinfield, Cheshire. He married Mary Ridgway, a native of Roe Cross, Mottram-in-Longdendale, Cheshire, and sister to James Ridgway, a well-known publisher of Piccadilly, London. He had met Mary in the Dukinfield Moravian chapel. Stockdale moved to London about 1780 (or 1770) and worked as a porter to publisher John Almon, near to the premises of his brother in law. When Almon retired from business in favour of John Debrett, Stockdale opened a book shop in competition and, \"being a man of natural parts, he soon became conspicuous in business in spite of much eccentricity of conduct and great coarseness of manners\". Both Stockdale's and Debrett's premises became meeting places for the political classes, Debrett's being frequented by the Whigs and Stockdale's by the supporters of William Pitt. John Adams, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, lodged with Stockdale for two months during 1783. He was an industrious publisher and among the many works that he published were:"], "answer": {"text": "When they covered his head with a hat, he beat himself with a stool until his face was swollen beyond recognition.", "answer_start": 1015}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did James Stockdale become a prisoner of war?", "answer": {"text": "On 9 September 1965, while flying from USS Oriskany on a mission over North Vietnam, Stockdale ejected from his Douglas A-4 Skyhawk,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What happened while he was a POW?", "answer": {"text": "Stockdale was held as a prisoner of war in the Hoa Lo prison (the infamous \"Hanoi Hilton\") for the next seven and a half years.", "answer_start": 279, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What happened during those 7.5 years?", "answer": {"text": "Tortured routinely and denied medical attention for the severely damaged leg he suffered during capture,", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What else transpired during his time at Hoa Lo prison?", "answer": {"text": "Stockdale created and enforced a code of conduct for all prisoners which governed torture, secret communications, and behavior.", "answer_start": 602, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "How did he escape being a POW?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened during his time as a POW?", "answer": {"text": "Early in Stockdale's captivity, his wife, Sybil Stockdale, organized The League of American Families of POWs and MIAs,", "answer_start": 1297, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Was there anything else that happened while he was a POW?", "answer": {"text": "In the summer of 1969, he was locked in leg irons in a bath stall and routinely tortured and beaten.", "answer_start": 730, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_f9e9856530ff4f0698e01f2e92aae548_1_q#8", "question": "What else took place in this prison?", "rewrite": "What else happened to John Stockdale in Hoa Lo prison other than denial of medical care, and Stockdale's creation of a code of conduct for all prisoners?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On 9 September 1965, while flying from USS Oriskany on a mission over North Vietnam, Stockdale ejected from his Douglas A-4 Skyhawk, which had been struck by enemy fire and completely disabled. He parachuted into a small village, where he was severely beaten and taken prisoner. Stockdale was held as a prisoner of war in the Hoa Lo prison (the infamous \"Hanoi Hilton\") for the next seven and a half years. As the senior Naval officer, he was one of the primary organizers of prisoner resistance. Tortured routinely and denied medical attention for the severely damaged leg he suffered during capture, Stockdale created and enforced a code of conduct for all prisoners which governed torture, secret communications, and behavior. In the summer of 1969, he was locked in leg irons in a bath stall and routinely tortured and beaten. When told by his captors that he was to be paraded in public, Stockdale slit his scalp with a razor to purposely disfigure himself so that his captors could not use him as propaganda. When they covered his head with a hat, he beat himself with a stool until his face was swollen beyond recognition. When Stockdale was discovered with information that could implicate his friends' \"black activities\", he slit his wrists so they could not torture him into confession. Early in Stockdale's captivity, his wife, Sybil Stockdale, organized The League of American Families of POWs and MIAs, with other wives of servicemen who were in similar circumstances. By 1968, she and her organization, which called for the President and the U.S. Congress to publicly acknowledge the mistreatment of the POWs (something that had never been done despite evidence of gross mistreatment), gained the attention of the American press. Sybil Stockdale personally made these demands known at the Paris Peace Talks.", "He was imprisoned yet again, this time in the Hoa Lo prison (\"Hanoi Hilton\") for six years, then six more years at other prisons in northern Vietnam. During this imprisonment, Thien's poems which made their way to the West were translated into English by Hu\u1ef3nh Sanh Th\u00f4ng of Yale University. The work won the International Poetry Award in Rotterdam in 1985. He was adopted as a prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International in 1986. Twelve years after bringing his manuscript to the British Embassy, he was released from jail. He lived in Hanoi under close watch by the authorities, but his international following also kept an eye on Thien. Human Rights Watch honored him in 1995. That year he was also permitted to emigrate to the United States with the intervention of Noboru Masuoka, a retired Air Force colonel and career military officer who was drafted into the U.S. Army following internment in Heart Mountain camp for Japanese Americans in 1945. He immediately wrote \"Hoa Dia Nguc II\", poems composed in his memory (as he was not allowed pen and paper in prison) from 1979 to 1988. They were published in bilingual editions (Vietnamese and English) then again in its Vietnamese entirety in 2006. In 1998 Nguyen Chi Thien was awarded a fellowship from the International Parliament of Writers. He lived in France for three years, writing the Hoa Lo Stories, prose narrative of his experiences in prison. These were translated and published in English as the \"Hoa Lo / Hanoi Hilton Stories\" by Yale Southeast Asia Studies in 2007. Thien's original manuscript was returned to him in early 2008 by the widow of Prof. Patrick Honey of the University of London, who had shared the material with many Vietnamese exiles, but always guarded the original work. Nguyen Chi Thien died in Santa Ana, California on 2 October 2012.", "John Stockdale John Stockdale (25 March 1750 \u2013 21 June 1814) was an English publisher whose London shop became a salon for the political classes and who had to face two actions for defamation. One by the House of Commons became a \"cause c\u00e9l\u00e8bre\" and resulted in an important change in the law. John Stockdale was born in Caldbeck, Cumberland, the son of Priscilla Stockdale (1726\u20131789) and Joseph Stockdale. He is believed to have been raised as a blacksmith, like his father, and then to have become valet to John Astley of Dukinfield, Cheshire. He married Mary Ridgway, a native of Roe Cross, Mottram-in-Longdendale, Cheshire, and sister to James Ridgway, a well-known publisher of Piccadilly, London. He had met Mary in the Dukinfield Moravian chapel. Stockdale moved to London about 1780 (or 1770) and worked as a porter to publisher John Almon, near to the premises of his brother in law. When Almon retired from business in favour of John Debrett, Stockdale opened a book shop in competition and, \"being a man of natural parts, he soon became conspicuous in business in spite of much eccentricity of conduct and great coarseness of manners\". Both Stockdale's and Debrett's premises became meeting places for the political classes, Debrett's being frequented by the Whigs and Stockdale's by the supporters of William Pitt. John Adams, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, lodged with Stockdale for two months during 1783. He was an industrious publisher and among the many works that he published were:", "This created the \"Camp Unity\" communal living area at H\u1ecfa L\u00f2, which greatly reduced the isolation of the POWs and improved their morale. After the implementation of the 1973 Paris Peace Accords, neither the United States nor its allies ever formally charged North Vietnam with the war crimes revealed to have been committed there. In the 2000s, the Vietnamese government has had the position that claims that prisoners were tortured at Hoa Lo and other sites during the war are fabricated, but that Vietnam wants to move past the issue as part of establishing better relations with the U.S. Tran Trong Duyet, a jailer at Hoa Lo beginning in 1968 and its commandant for the last three years of the war, maintained in 2008 that no prisoners were tortured. However, eyewitness accounts by American servicemen present a different account of their captivity. After the war, Risner wrote the book \"Passing of the Night\" detailing his seven years at the Hanoi Hilton. A considerable amount of literature emerged from released POWs after repatriation, depicting Hoa Lo and the other prisons as places where such atrocities as murder, beatings, broken bones, teeth and eardrums, dislocated limbs, starvation, serving of food contaminated with human and animal feces, and medical neglect of infections and tropical disease occurred. These details are revealed in famous accounts by McCain (\"Faith of My Fathers\"), Denton, Alvarez, Day, Risner, Stockdale and dozens of others. In addition, the Hanoi Hilton was depicted in the 1987 Hollywood movie \"The Hanoi Hilton\". The prison continued to be in use after the release of the American prisoners. Among the last inmates was dissident poet", "Alcatraz Gang The Alcatraz Gang was a group of eleven American prisoners of war (POW) held separately in Hanoi, North Vietnam during the Vietnam War because of their particular resistance to their North-Vietnamese military captors. These eleven POWs were: George Thomas Coker, USN; Jeremiah Denton, USN; Harry Jenkins, USN; Sam Johnson, USAF; George McKnight, USAF; James Mulligan, USN; Howard Rutledge, USN; Robert Shumaker, USN; James Stockdale, USN; Ronald Storz, USAF; and Nels Tanner, USN. These prisoners were held in solitary confinement from 25 October 1967 to 9 December 1969 at a special facility (dubbed \"Alcatraz\" by Commander Stockdale) in a courtyard behind the North Vietnamese Ministry of National Defense, about a mile away from Hoa Lo prison (\"Hanoi Hilton\"-named by Lt. Commander Schumaker, the earliest captured prisoner among the eleven). The prisoners were shackled with legcuffs every night in 3-by-9-foot windowless concrete cells with the light on around the clock. The eleven Americans were separated because they were leaders of the prisoners' resistance\". Stockdale once tried to kill himself so that the North Vietnamese could not force him to make a propaganda film. The suicide attempt failed and the film was never made. Of Stockdale, Lt. Coker said \"He was probably the strongest, most exemplary leader of the whole North Vietnamese POW environment\". Coker and McKnight were the last POWs assigned to the Alcatraz Gang, being so assigned for previous fierce resistance to their treatment and an unsuccessful escape from the Power Plant or \"Dirty Bird\" prison camp. The group received special torture and were taken into torture sessions in order of rank, highest to lowest."], "answer": {"text": "When Stockdale was discovered with information that could implicate his friends' \"black activities\", he slit his wrists so they could not torture him into confession.", "answer_start": 1130}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did James Stockdale become a prisoner of war?", "answer": {"text": "On 9 September 1965, while flying from USS Oriskany on a mission over North Vietnam, Stockdale ejected from his Douglas A-4 Skyhawk,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What happened while he was a POW?", "answer": {"text": "Stockdale was held as a prisoner of war in the Hoa Lo prison (the infamous \"Hanoi Hilton\") for the next seven and a half years.", "answer_start": 279, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What happened during those 7.5 years?", "answer": {"text": "Tortured routinely and denied medical attention for the severely damaged leg he suffered during capture,", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What else transpired during his time at Hoa Lo prison?", "answer": {"text": "Stockdale created and enforced a code of conduct for all prisoners which governed torture, secret communications, and behavior.", "answer_start": 602, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "How did he escape being a POW?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened during his time as a POW?", "answer": {"text": "Early in Stockdale's captivity, his wife, Sybil Stockdale, organized The League of American Families of POWs and MIAs,", "answer_start": 1297, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Was there anything else that happened while he was a POW?", "answer": {"text": "In the summer of 1969, he was locked in leg irons in a bath stall and routinely tortured and beaten.", "answer_start": 730, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What else happened while he was a POW?", "answer": {"text": "When they covered his head with a hat, he beat himself with a stool until his face was swollen beyond recognition.", "answer_start": 1015, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_85149b67e8d24a26b7d658d27552f3b0_1_q#0", "question": "What did The Righteous Brothers do during the spector years?", "rewrite": "What did The Righteous Brothers do during the spector years?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Just Once in My Life \"Just Once in My Life\" is a song written by Gerry Goffin, Carole King and Phil Spector. The song was released by the Righteous Brothers in 1965 and reached No. 9 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song was covered by the American rock band the Beach Boys and released on their 1976 album \"15 Big Ones\". Other artists to release versions include the Alan Price Set and the Action. After the success of the Righteous Brothers' first single with Phil Spector, \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\", the writers of the song Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil then wrote \"(You're My) Soul and Inspiration\" for them. The song however was not completed, and Spector instead asked Carole King to write a song for the duo, which turned out to be \"Just Once in My Life\". The Righteous Brothers released their version as a single in April 1965 as the follow-up to \" You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\". Their second release on the Philles label, the single was another big hit, making the top ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, reaching number nine. Personnel per 2000 liner notes.", "In 1964, they appeared in a show at the Cow Palace near San Francisco and met the music producer Phil Spector, whose group The Ronettes was also in the show. Spector was impressed and signed them to his own label Philles Records. Their first No. 1 was \" You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin',\" produced by Phil Spector in 1964. Follow-up hits included \"Unchained Melody,\" which was actually a Hatfield solo performance. After the success of \"Unchained Melody\", Spector then started recording older standards with the Righteous Brothers such as \"Ebb Tide\", which Hatfield also performed solo, and it reached the Top 5. Both \"Unchained Melody\" and \"Ebb Tide\" were songs he had performed with his first group, the Variations. Another two of the last songs the duo recorded with Philles Records, \"The White Cliffs of Dover\" and \"For Sentimental Reasons\", were also performed solo by Hatfield. In 1966, the Righteous Brothers left Spector and signed with Verve/MGM Records, and had a hit with \"(You're My) Soul and Inspiration\". However the duo broke up in 1968, and Hatfield teamed up with singer Jimmy Walker (from The Knickerbockers) using the Righteous Brothers name on the MGM label. The new partnership released an album but did not have much success. Hatfield recorded a number of singles as a solo artist, such as the self-penned \"Hang Ups\" and covers of older songs, but \"Only You\" was his only charted single, peaking at #95. In 1969, Hatfield also appeared in a TV movie, \"The Ballad of Andy Crocker\". In 1971, he released a solo album, \"Messin' In Muscle Shoals\", recorded at the FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals in August 1970.", "In 1964, music producer Phil Spector came across the Righteous Brothers when they performed in a show at the Cow Palace in Daly City, where one of Spector's acts, The Ronettes, was also appearing. Spector was impressed enough to arrange a deal with Moonglow in early October 1964 which allowed Spector to record and release songs by the Righteous Brothers in the US, Canada and UK under his own label, Philles Records. Prior to this, all the songs Spector produced for Philles Records featured black singers; the Righteous Brothers would be his first white vocal group for the label, but they had a black vocal style, termed \"blue-eyed soul\", that suited Spector. Spector commissioned Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil to write a song for them, which turned out to be \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\". The song, released in late 1964, became their first major hit single and reached No. 1 in February 1965. Produced by Phil Spector, the record is often cited as one of the peak expressions of Spector's Wall of Sound production techniques. It is one of the most successful pop singles of its time, despite exceeding the then-standard length for radio play. Indeed, according to BMI, \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" is the most-played song on American radio and television of the 20th century, with more than eight million airplays by the end of 1999. The Righteous Brothers had several other hit singles with Philles Records in 1965, including \"Just Once in My Life\" and \"Unchained Melody\" (originally the B-side of \"Hung on You\"), both reaching the Billboard Top 10.", "(You're My) Soul and Inspiration \" (You're My) Soul and Inspiration\" is a song by American pop duo the Righteous Brothers. It was the group's first hit after leaving their long-time producer Phil Spector. The song was written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil, who also wrote the group's first hit \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" along with Phil Spector. It is the title track of their album. The single peaked at No. 1 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and reached No. 15 on the UK Singles Chart. \" Billboard\" ranked the record as the No. 3 single for 1966. The song was written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil, part of the legendary Brill Building pop machine in New York City. They first began writing it following the success of the Righteous Brothers' first single with Phil Spector, \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\", which they also wrote. However, the song was not completed as they thought it sounded too much like \"Lovin' Feelin\", and Spector chose instead to record Carole King and Gerry Goffin's \"Just Once in My Life\" as the duo's second single. After leaving Spector's Philles Records in late 1965, the Righteous Brothers moved to the mostly jazz-oriented Verve label. Bill Medley of the Righteous Brothers then asked Mann about the incomplete \"Soul and Inspiration\" that the songwriters had played for Medley when they first started writing it, and asked them to complete the song. Mann and Weil complied with the wishes of Medley, and the Righteous Brothers then recorded in late 1965 the finished song.", "English singer Cilla Black first became a recording star by covering Dionne Warwick's newly released American hit \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" for the UK market, which gave her a number one song in both the UK Singles Chart and the Irish Singles Chart in February 1964, out-performing Dionne Warwick's original version, which only peaked at number 42 in the UK. Black's producer George Martin repeated this strategy with the Righteous Brothers \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling\" that had just been released in the US. Black's version is shorter with an abbreviated bridge, which she explained by saying: \"I don't want people to get bored\". The abridgement also removed the necessity of Black's attempting to match the Righteous Brothers' climactic vocal trade-off. Both Cilla Black's and the Righteous Brothers versions of the song debuted on the UK chart in the same week in January 1965, with Black debuting higher at number 28. According to Tony Hall of Decca Records who was responsible for promoting the Righteous Brothers record in the UK, Black's version was preferred by BBC radio where one of its DJs disparaged the Righteous Brothers' version as a \"dirge\" and refused to play it. Hall therefore requested that Spector send the Righteous Brothers over to Britain to promote the song so it might have a chance on the chart. The following week Black remained in ascendancy at number 12 with the Righteous Brothers at number 20. The Righteous Brothers came over to Britain, spent a week promoting the song and performed for television shows in Manchester and Birmingham. At the same time, Andrew Oldham placed a full-page ad on \"Melody Maker\" promoting the Righteous Brothers version at his own initiative and expense, and urged the readers to watch the Righteous Brothers appearance on the ITV television show \"Ready Steady Go!\"."], "answer": {"text": "allowed Spector to record and release songs by the Righteous Brothers in the US, Canada and UK under his own label, Philles Records.", "answer_start": 286}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_85149b67e8d24a26b7d658d27552f3b0_1_q#2", "question": "Did they win any other awards?", "rewrite": "Aside from their initial awards, did The Righteous Brothers win any others?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bobby Hatfield Robert Lee Hatfield (August 10, 1940 \u2013 November 5, 2003) was an American singer, best known as one half of the Righteous Brothers. He sang the tenor part for the duo, but his most recognizable work is his 1965 recording of \"Unchained Melody\" which he performed as a solo. Born in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, Hatfield moved with his family to Anaheim, California, when he was four. He attended Anaheim High School, where he played football and baseball, and was co-captain of the basketball team. He was student body president in the 1957-1958 school year, graduating in 1958. He briefly considered signing as a professional ballplayer, but his passion for music led him to pursue a singing career while still attending high school. He eventually encountered his singing partner, Bill Medley, while attending California State University, Long Beach. Hatfield is an alumnus of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. Bobby Hatfield initially was in a group from Anaheim called the Variations. In 1962, Hatfield joined force with Medley who was in a group called the Paramours, and formed a five-member group using the same name Paramours. They first performed at a club called John's Black Derby in Santa Ana. Later they performed as a duo and named their singing act The Righteous Brothers. They were often told they sounded like African-American gospel singers and chose the name after black Marines remarked of their singing, \"that's righteous, brothers\" and called them \"righteous brothers\". Their first charted single as the Righteous Brothers was \"Little Latin Lupe Lu\" released under the label Moonglow Records, and they appeared regularly on the television show \"Shindig!\" Hatfield also recorded as solo artist with Moonglow and released an uncharted single, \"Hot Tamales\" / \" I Need A Girl\".", "(You're My) Soul and Inspiration \" (You're My) Soul and Inspiration\" is a song by American pop duo the Righteous Brothers. It was the group's first hit after leaving their long-time producer Phil Spector. The song was written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil, who also wrote the group's first hit \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" along with Phil Spector. It is the title track of their album. The single peaked at No. 1 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and reached No. 15 on the UK Singles Chart. \" Billboard\" ranked the record as the No. 3 single for 1966. The song was written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil, part of the legendary Brill Building pop machine in New York City. They first began writing it following the success of the Righteous Brothers' first single with Phil Spector, \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\", which they also wrote. However, the song was not completed as they thought it sounded too much like \"Lovin' Feelin\", and Spector chose instead to record Carole King and Gerry Goffin's \"Just Once in My Life\" as the duo's second single. After leaving Spector's Philles Records in late 1965, the Righteous Brothers moved to the mostly jazz-oriented Verve label. Bill Medley of the Righteous Brothers then asked Mann about the incomplete \"Soul and Inspiration\" that the songwriters had played for Medley when they first started writing it, and asked them to complete the song. Mann and Weil complied with the wishes of Medley, and the Righteous Brothers then recorded in late 1965 the finished song.", "English singer Cilla Black first became a recording star by covering Dionne Warwick's newly released American hit \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" for the UK market, which gave her a number one song in both the UK Singles Chart and the Irish Singles Chart in February 1964, out-performing Dionne Warwick's original version, which only peaked at number 42 in the UK. Black's producer George Martin repeated this strategy with the Righteous Brothers \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling\" that had just been released in the US. Black's version is shorter with an abbreviated bridge, which she explained by saying: \"I don't want people to get bored\". The abridgement also removed the necessity of Black's attempting to match the Righteous Brothers' climactic vocal trade-off. Both Cilla Black's and the Righteous Brothers versions of the song debuted on the UK chart in the same week in January 1965, with Black debuting higher at number 28. According to Tony Hall of Decca Records who was responsible for promoting the Righteous Brothers record in the UK, Black's version was preferred by BBC radio where one of its DJs disparaged the Righteous Brothers' version as a \"dirge\" and refused to play it. Hall therefore requested that Spector send the Righteous Brothers over to Britain to promote the song so it might have a chance on the chart. The following week Black remained in ascendancy at number 12 with the Righteous Brothers at number 20. The Righteous Brothers came over to Britain, spent a week promoting the song and performed for television shows in Manchester and Birmingham. At the same time, Andrew Oldham placed a full-page ad on \"Melody Maker\" promoting the Righteous Brothers version at his own initiative and expense, and urged the readers to watch the Righteous Brothers appearance on the ITV television show \"Ready Steady Go!\".", "Rock and Roll Heaven \"Rock and Roll Heaven\" is song written by Alan O'Day and Johnny Stevenson and popularized by The Righteous Brothers. It is a paean to several deceased singers such as Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Otis Redding, and has been rewritten a number of times to include other singers. The song was first recorded by the band Climax in 1973, but it failed to chart. It was then covered by The Righteous Brothers in 1974 and reached number three on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The Righteous Brothers recorded \"Rock and Roll Heaven\" a few weeks after they decided to reform the duo in 1974. They signed with Haven Records run by Dennis Lambert and Brian Potter and were given the song to record. Lambert and Potter rewrote a verse, updating the song to include Jim Croce and Bobby Darin who had died within three months of each other in late 1973. According to Bill Medley, they were dubious about the song because they didn't think the song had the \"old Righteous Brothers feel\". Nevertheless, it became a hit for them and quickly reached number three on \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In Canada it spent three weeks at number four. The lyrics involving Jim Croce and Bobby Darin replaced Climax's lyrics for Buddy Holly (\"Peggy Sue\") and Ritchie Valens (\"Donna\"), both of whom died in a plane crash that had already been commemorated by another hit song, Don McLean's \"American Pie.\" Also, in 1981, when the Righteous Brothers appeared for a one song reunion on \"American Bandstand\", they performed \"Rock and Roll Heaven\", and made it longer including new lyrics as tributes to Elvis Presley, John Lennon, and Keith Moon.", "In Ireland, \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin\" charted twice, first in January 1965, when it peaked at No. 2, and second in December 1990, following its reissue as a double A-sided single with \"Ebb Tide\", when it peaked at No. 2 again. The original Righteous Brothers recording remains the only version of the song to chart in Ireland. In the Netherlands \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin\" reached No. 8 in March 1965 with three versions ranked together as one entry: the versions by the Righteous Brothers and Cilla Black plus a local cover by Trea Dobbs (). In 1965, the Righteous Brothers recording of \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" was nominated in the Best Rock and Roll Recording category at the 7th Annual Grammy Awards. It was also awarded Best Pop Single To Date 1965 in the \"Billboard\" Disc Jockey Poll. In 2001, this recording was ranked at No. 9 in the list of Songs of the Century released by the Recording Industry Association of America and the National Endowment for the Arts. In 2004, the same recording was ranked at No. 34 by \"Rolling Stone\" magazine in their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. In 2005, \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" was awarded the Songwriters Hall of Fame's Towering Song Award presented to \"the creators of an individual song that has influenced the culture in a unique way over many years\". In 2015, the National Recording Registry of the Library of Congress, which each year selects from 130 years of sound recordings for special recognition and preservation, chose the Righteous Brothers recording of the song as one of the 25 recordings that has \"cultural, artistic and/or historical significance to American society and the nation's audio legacy\"."], "answer": {"text": "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" is the most-played song on American radio and television of the 20th century, with more than eight million airplays by the end of 1999.", "answer_start": 1179}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did The Righteous Brothers do during the spector years?", "answer": {"text": "allowed Spector to record and release songs by the Righteous Brothers in the US, Canada and UK under his own label, Philles Records.", "answer_start": 286, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_85149b67e8d24a26b7d658d27552f3b0_1_q#3", "question": "Was there anything else interesting about the article?", "rewrite": "Besides \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\", was there anything else interesting about the The Righteous Brothers article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["English singer Cilla Black first became a recording star by covering Dionne Warwick's newly released American hit \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" for the UK market, which gave her a number one song in both the UK Singles Chart and the Irish Singles Chart in February 1964, out-performing Dionne Warwick's original version, which only peaked at number 42 in the UK. Black's producer George Martin repeated this strategy with the Righteous Brothers \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling\" that had just been released in the US. Black's version is shorter with an abbreviated bridge, which she explained by saying: \"I don't want people to get bored\". The abridgement also removed the necessity of Black's attempting to match the Righteous Brothers' climactic vocal trade-off. Both Cilla Black's and the Righteous Brothers versions of the song debuted on the UK chart in the same week in January 1965, with Black debuting higher at number 28. According to Tony Hall of Decca Records who was responsible for promoting the Righteous Brothers record in the UK, Black's version was preferred by BBC radio where one of its DJs disparaged the Righteous Brothers' version as a \"dirge\" and refused to play it. Hall therefore requested that Spector send the Righteous Brothers over to Britain to promote the song so it might have a chance on the chart. The following week Black remained in ascendancy at number 12 with the Righteous Brothers at number 20. The Righteous Brothers came over to Britain, spent a week promoting the song and performed for television shows in Manchester and Birmingham. At the same time, Andrew Oldham placed a full-page ad on \"Melody Maker\" promoting the Righteous Brothers version at his own initiative and expense, and urged the readers to watch the Righteous Brothers appearance on the ITV television show \"Ready Steady Go!\".", "In 1964, music producer Phil Spector came across the Righteous Brothers when they performed in a show at the Cow Palace in Daly City, where one of Spector's acts, The Ronettes, was also appearing. Spector was impressed enough to arrange a deal with Moonglow in early October 1964 which allowed Spector to record and release songs by the Righteous Brothers in the US, Canada and UK under his own label, Philles Records. Prior to this, all the songs Spector produced for Philles Records featured black singers; the Righteous Brothers would be his first white vocal group for the label, but they had a black vocal style, termed \"blue-eyed soul\", that suited Spector. Spector commissioned Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil to write a song for them, which turned out to be \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\". The song, released in late 1964, became their first major hit single and reached No. 1 in February 1965. Produced by Phil Spector, the record is often cited as one of the peak expressions of Spector's Wall of Sound production techniques. It is one of the most successful pop singles of its time, despite exceeding the then-standard length for radio play. Indeed, according to BMI, \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" is the most-played song on American radio and television of the 20th century, with more than eight million airplays by the end of 1999. The Righteous Brothers had several other hit singles with Philles Records in 1965, including \"Just Once in My Life\" and \"Unchained Melody\" (originally the B-side of \"Hung on You\"), both reaching the Billboard Top 10.", "(You're My) Soul and Inspiration \" (You're My) Soul and Inspiration\" is a song by American pop duo the Righteous Brothers. It was the group's first hit after leaving their long-time producer Phil Spector. The song was written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil, who also wrote the group's first hit \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" along with Phil Spector. It is the title track of their album. The single peaked at No. 1 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and reached No. 15 on the UK Singles Chart. \" Billboard\" ranked the record as the No. 3 single for 1966. The song was written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil, part of the legendary Brill Building pop machine in New York City. They first began writing it following the success of the Righteous Brothers' first single with Phil Spector, \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\", which they also wrote. However, the song was not completed as they thought it sounded too much like \"Lovin' Feelin\", and Spector chose instead to record Carole King and Gerry Goffin's \"Just Once in My Life\" as the duo's second single. After leaving Spector's Philles Records in late 1965, the Righteous Brothers moved to the mostly jazz-oriented Verve label. Bill Medley of the Righteous Brothers then asked Mann about the incomplete \"Soul and Inspiration\" that the songwriters had played for Medley when they first started writing it, and asked them to complete the song. Mann and Weil complied with the wishes of Medley, and the Righteous Brothers then recorded in late 1965 the finished song.", "In Ireland, \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin\" charted twice, first in January 1965, when it peaked at No. 2, and second in December 1990, following its reissue as a double A-sided single with \"Ebb Tide\", when it peaked at No. 2 again. The original Righteous Brothers recording remains the only version of the song to chart in Ireland. In the Netherlands \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin\" reached No. 8 in March 1965 with three versions ranked together as one entry: the versions by the Righteous Brothers and Cilla Black plus a local cover by Trea Dobbs (). In 1965, the Righteous Brothers recording of \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" was nominated in the Best Rock and Roll Recording category at the 7th Annual Grammy Awards. It was also awarded Best Pop Single To Date 1965 in the \"Billboard\" Disc Jockey Poll. In 2001, this recording was ranked at No. 9 in the list of Songs of the Century released by the Recording Industry Association of America and the National Endowment for the Arts. In 2004, the same recording was ranked at No. 34 by \"Rolling Stone\" magazine in their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. In 2005, \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" was awarded the Songwriters Hall of Fame's Towering Song Award presented to \"the creators of an individual song that has influenced the culture in a unique way over many years\". In 2015, the National Recording Registry of the Library of Congress, which each year selects from 130 years of sound recordings for special recognition and preservation, chose the Righteous Brothers recording of the song as one of the 25 recordings that has \"cultural, artistic and/or historical significance to American society and the nation's audio legacy\".", "In this version, Kathi McDonald sang the latter half of the first verse using the part from the second verse (\"It makes me just feel like crying ... \"), inverting the usual order. Released as a single, Baldry's \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin charted at number 45 on the Canadian \"RPM\" singles chart, and spilled over into the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart at number 89. The single also reached number two in Australia in 1980. Bill Medley of the Righteous Brothers told Baldry that he liked their remake of the song better than his own. Baldry had first recorded the song \u2013 as \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" \u2013 for his 1966 album \"Looking at Long John\". The Baldry/McDonald duet version of \"You've Lost That Loving Feeling\" also reached number 37 in New Zealand. In 1980, the American musical duo Hall & Oates recorded a cover version of \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin for their ninth studio album \"Voices\". Their version of the song was produced by the duo and included a sparse arrangement contrasting with the lavish Righteous Brothers original version. It was the second non-original song Hall & Oates had ever recorded. According to Oates, this was the very last song recorded for the album, as it had been deemed complete with the other ten tracks. However, Hall and Oates felt that there was \"something missing\" from the album. Then they came across the Righteous Brothers' version of the song on a jukebox machine while going out to get food and they decided to cover it. They went back to the studio, cut it in a period of four hours, and placed on the album. The track was issued on RCA Records as the album's second single after the original"], "answer": {"text": "The Righteous Brothers had several other hit singles with Philles Records in 1965,", "answer_start": 1348}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did The Righteous Brothers do during the spector years?", "answer": {"text": "allowed Spector to record and release songs by the Righteous Brothers in the US, Canada and UK under his own label, Philles Records.", "answer_start": 286, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win any other awards?", "answer": {"text": "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" is the most-played song on American radio and television of the 20th century, with more than eight million airplays by the end of 1999.", "answer_start": 1179, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_85149b67e8d24a26b7d658d27552f3b0_1_q#5", "question": "Did they have other records?", "rewrite": "in addition to the album with \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" , did The Righteous Brothers have any other records?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In Ireland, \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin\" charted twice, first in January 1965, when it peaked at No. 2, and second in December 1990, following its reissue as a double A-sided single with \"Ebb Tide\", when it peaked at No. 2 again. The original Righteous Brothers recording remains the only version of the song to chart in Ireland. In the Netherlands \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin\" reached No. 8 in March 1965 with three versions ranked together as one entry: the versions by the Righteous Brothers and Cilla Black plus a local cover by Trea Dobbs (). In 1965, the Righteous Brothers recording of \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" was nominated in the Best Rock and Roll Recording category at the 7th Annual Grammy Awards. It was also awarded Best Pop Single To Date 1965 in the \"Billboard\" Disc Jockey Poll. In 2001, this recording was ranked at No. 9 in the list of Songs of the Century released by the Recording Industry Association of America and the National Endowment for the Arts. In 2004, the same recording was ranked at No. 34 by \"Rolling Stone\" magazine in their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. In 2005, \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" was awarded the Songwriters Hall of Fame's Towering Song Award presented to \"the creators of an individual song that has influenced the culture in a unique way over many years\". In 2015, the National Recording Registry of the Library of Congress, which each year selects from 130 years of sound recordings for special recognition and preservation, chose the Righteous Brothers recording of the song as one of the 25 recordings that has \"cultural, artistic and/or historical significance to American society and the nation's audio legacy\".", "In this version, Kathi McDonald sang the latter half of the first verse using the part from the second verse (\"It makes me just feel like crying ... \"), inverting the usual order. Released as a single, Baldry's \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin charted at number 45 on the Canadian \"RPM\" singles chart, and spilled over into the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart at number 89. The single also reached number two in Australia in 1980. Bill Medley of the Righteous Brothers told Baldry that he liked their remake of the song better than his own. Baldry had first recorded the song \u2013 as \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" \u2013 for his 1966 album \"Looking at Long John\". The Baldry/McDonald duet version of \"You've Lost That Loving Feeling\" also reached number 37 in New Zealand. In 1980, the American musical duo Hall & Oates recorded a cover version of \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin for their ninth studio album \"Voices\". Their version of the song was produced by the duo and included a sparse arrangement contrasting with the lavish Righteous Brothers original version. It was the second non-original song Hall & Oates had ever recorded. According to Oates, this was the very last song recorded for the album, as it had been deemed complete with the other ten tracks. However, Hall and Oates felt that there was \"something missing\" from the album. Then they came across the Righteous Brothers' version of the song on a jukebox machine while going out to get food and they decided to cover it. They went back to the studio, cut it in a period of four hours, and placed on the album. The track was issued on RCA Records as the album's second single after the original", "English singer Cilla Black first became a recording star by covering Dionne Warwick's newly released American hit \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" for the UK market, which gave her a number one song in both the UK Singles Chart and the Irish Singles Chart in February 1964, out-performing Dionne Warwick's original version, which only peaked at number 42 in the UK. Black's producer George Martin repeated this strategy with the Righteous Brothers \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling\" that had just been released in the US. Black's version is shorter with an abbreviated bridge, which she explained by saying: \"I don't want people to get bored\". The abridgement also removed the necessity of Black's attempting to match the Righteous Brothers' climactic vocal trade-off. Both Cilla Black's and the Righteous Brothers versions of the song debuted on the UK chart in the same week in January 1965, with Black debuting higher at number 28. According to Tony Hall of Decca Records who was responsible for promoting the Righteous Brothers record in the UK, Black's version was preferred by BBC radio where one of its DJs disparaged the Righteous Brothers' version as a \"dirge\" and refused to play it. Hall therefore requested that Spector send the Righteous Brothers over to Britain to promote the song so it might have a chance on the chart. The following week Black remained in ascendancy at number 12 with the Righteous Brothers at number 20. The Righteous Brothers came over to Britain, spent a week promoting the song and performed for television shows in Manchester and Birmingham. At the same time, Andrew Oldham placed a full-page ad on \"Melody Maker\" promoting the Righteous Brothers version at his own initiative and expense, and urged the readers to watch the Righteous Brothers appearance on the ITV television show \"Ready Steady Go!\".", "(You're My) Soul and Inspiration \" (You're My) Soul and Inspiration\" is a song by American pop duo the Righteous Brothers. It was the group's first hit after leaving their long-time producer Phil Spector. The song was written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil, who also wrote the group's first hit \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" along with Phil Spector. It is the title track of their album. The single peaked at No. 1 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and reached No. 15 on the UK Singles Chart. \" Billboard\" ranked the record as the No. 3 single for 1966. The song was written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil, part of the legendary Brill Building pop machine in New York City. They first began writing it following the success of the Righteous Brothers' first single with Phil Spector, \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\", which they also wrote. However, the song was not completed as they thought it sounded too much like \"Lovin' Feelin\", and Spector chose instead to record Carole King and Gerry Goffin's \"Just Once in My Life\" as the duo's second single. After leaving Spector's Philles Records in late 1965, the Righteous Brothers moved to the mostly jazz-oriented Verve label. Bill Medley of the Righteous Brothers then asked Mann about the incomplete \"Soul and Inspiration\" that the songwriters had played for Medley when they first started writing it, and asked them to complete the song. Mann and Weil complied with the wishes of Medley, and the Righteous Brothers then recorded in late 1965 the finished song.", "In 1964, music producer Phil Spector came across the Righteous Brothers when they performed in a show at the Cow Palace in Daly City, where one of Spector's acts, The Ronettes, was also appearing. Spector was impressed enough to arrange a deal with Moonglow in early October 1964 which allowed Spector to record and release songs by the Righteous Brothers in the US, Canada and UK under his own label, Philles Records. Prior to this, all the songs Spector produced for Philles Records featured black singers; the Righteous Brothers would be his first white vocal group for the label, but they had a black vocal style, termed \"blue-eyed soul\", that suited Spector. Spector commissioned Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil to write a song for them, which turned out to be \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\". The song, released in late 1964, became their first major hit single and reached No. 1 in February 1965. Produced by Phil Spector, the record is often cited as one of the peak expressions of Spector's Wall of Sound production techniques. It is one of the most successful pop singles of its time, despite exceeding the then-standard length for radio play. Indeed, according to BMI, \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" is the most-played song on American radio and television of the 20th century, with more than eight million airplays by the end of 1999. The Righteous Brothers had several other hit singles with Philles Records in 1965, including \"Just Once in My Life\" and \"Unchained Melody\" (originally the B-side of \"Hung on You\"), both reaching the Billboard Top 10."], "answer": {"text": "The last single released that they recorded with Philles Records was \"The White Cliffs of Dover\".", "answer_start": 880}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did The Righteous Brothers do during the spector years?", "answer": {"text": "allowed Spector to record and release songs by the Righteous Brothers in the US, Canada and UK under his own label, Philles Records.", "answer_start": 286, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win any other awards?", "answer": {"text": "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" is the most-played song on American radio and television of the 20th century, with more than eight million airplays by the end of 1999.", "answer_start": 1179, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there anything else interesting about the article?", "answer": {"text": "The Righteous Brothers had several other hit singles with Philles Records in 1965,", "answer_start": 1348, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_85149b67e8d24a26b7d658d27552f3b0_0_q#0", "question": "When did The Righteous Brothers break up?", "rewrite": "When did The Righteous Brothers break up?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bobby Hatfield Robert Lee Hatfield (August 10, 1940 \u2013 November 5, 2003) was an American singer, best known as one half of the Righteous Brothers. He sang the tenor part for the duo, but his most recognizable work is his 1965 recording of \"Unchained Melody\" which he performed as a solo. Born in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, Hatfield moved with his family to Anaheim, California, when he was four. He attended Anaheim High School, where he played football and baseball, and was co-captain of the basketball team. He was student body president in the 1957-1958 school year, graduating in 1958. He briefly considered signing as a professional ballplayer, but his passion for music led him to pursue a singing career while still attending high school. He eventually encountered his singing partner, Bill Medley, while attending California State University, Long Beach. Hatfield is an alumnus of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. Bobby Hatfield initially was in a group from Anaheim called the Variations. In 1962, Hatfield joined force with Medley who was in a group called the Paramours, and formed a five-member group using the same name Paramours. They first performed at a club called John's Black Derby in Santa Ana. Later they performed as a duo and named their singing act The Righteous Brothers. They were often told they sounded like African-American gospel singers and chose the name after black Marines remarked of their singing, \"that's righteous, brothers\" and called them \"righteous brothers\". Their first charted single as the Righteous Brothers was \"Little Latin Lupe Lu\" released under the label Moonglow Records, and they appeared regularly on the television show \"Shindig!\" Hatfield also recorded as solo artist with Moonglow and released an uncharted single, \"Hot Tamales\" / \" I Need A Girl\".", "(You're My) Soul and Inspiration \" (You're My) Soul and Inspiration\" is a song by American pop duo the Righteous Brothers. It was the group's first hit after leaving their long-time producer Phil Spector. The song was written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil, who also wrote the group's first hit \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" along with Phil Spector. It is the title track of their album. The single peaked at No. 1 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and reached No. 15 on the UK Singles Chart. \" Billboard\" ranked the record as the No. 3 single for 1966. The song was written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil, part of the legendary Brill Building pop machine in New York City. They first began writing it following the success of the Righteous Brothers' first single with Phil Spector, \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\", which they also wrote. However, the song was not completed as they thought it sounded too much like \"Lovin' Feelin\", and Spector chose instead to record Carole King and Gerry Goffin's \"Just Once in My Life\" as the duo's second single. After leaving Spector's Philles Records in late 1965, the Righteous Brothers moved to the mostly jazz-oriented Verve label. Bill Medley of the Righteous Brothers then asked Mann about the incomplete \"Soul and Inspiration\" that the songwriters had played for Medley when they first started writing it, and asked them to complete the song. Mann and Weil complied with the wishes of Medley, and the Righteous Brothers then recorded in late 1965 the finished song.", "English singer Cilla Black first became a recording star by covering Dionne Warwick's newly released American hit \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" for the UK market, which gave her a number one song in both the UK Singles Chart and the Irish Singles Chart in February 1964, out-performing Dionne Warwick's original version, which only peaked at number 42 in the UK. Black's producer George Martin repeated this strategy with the Righteous Brothers \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling\" that had just been released in the US. Black's version is shorter with an abbreviated bridge, which she explained by saying: \"I don't want people to get bored\". The abridgement also removed the necessity of Black's attempting to match the Righteous Brothers' climactic vocal trade-off. Both Cilla Black's and the Righteous Brothers versions of the song debuted on the UK chart in the same week in January 1965, with Black debuting higher at number 28. According to Tony Hall of Decca Records who was responsible for promoting the Righteous Brothers record in the UK, Black's version was preferred by BBC radio where one of its DJs disparaged the Righteous Brothers' version as a \"dirge\" and refused to play it. Hall therefore requested that Spector send the Righteous Brothers over to Britain to promote the song so it might have a chance on the chart. The following week Black remained in ascendancy at number 12 with the Righteous Brothers at number 20. The Righteous Brothers came over to Britain, spent a week promoting the song and performed for television shows in Manchester and Birmingham. At the same time, Andrew Oldham placed a full-page ad on \"Melody Maker\" promoting the Righteous Brothers version at his own initiative and expense, and urged the readers to watch the Righteous Brothers appearance on the ITV television show \"Ready Steady Go!\".", "Rock and Roll Heaven \"Rock and Roll Heaven\" is song written by Alan O'Day and Johnny Stevenson and popularized by The Righteous Brothers. It is a paean to several deceased singers such as Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Otis Redding, and has been rewritten a number of times to include other singers. The song was first recorded by the band Climax in 1973, but it failed to chart. It was then covered by The Righteous Brothers in 1974 and reached number three on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The Righteous Brothers recorded \"Rock and Roll Heaven\" a few weeks after they decided to reform the duo in 1974. They signed with Haven Records run by Dennis Lambert and Brian Potter and were given the song to record. Lambert and Potter rewrote a verse, updating the song to include Jim Croce and Bobby Darin who had died within three months of each other in late 1973. According to Bill Medley, they were dubious about the song because they didn't think the song had the \"old Righteous Brothers feel\". Nevertheless, it became a hit for them and quickly reached number three on \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In Canada it spent three weeks at number four. The lyrics involving Jim Croce and Bobby Darin replaced Climax's lyrics for Buddy Holly (\"Peggy Sue\") and Ritchie Valens (\"Donna\"), both of whom died in a plane crash that had already been commemorated by another hit song, Don McLean's \"American Pie.\" Also, in 1981, when the Righteous Brothers appeared for a one song reunion on \"American Bandstand\", they performed \"Rock and Roll Heaven\", and made it longer including new lyrics as tributes to Elvis Presley, John Lennon, and Keith Moon.", "Blue-eyed soul Blue-eyed soul (also known as white soul) is rhythm and blues and soul music performed by white artists. The term was coined in the mid-1960s, to describe white artists who performed soul and R&B that was similar to the music of the Motown and Stax record labels. Though many rhythm and blues radio stations in the United States in that period would play music only by black musicians, some began to play music by white acts considered to have \"soul feeling\" and their music was then described as \"blue-eyed soul\". Georgie Woods, a Philadelphia radio DJ, is thought to have coined the term \"blue-eyed soul\" in 1964, initially to describe The Righteous Brothers, then white artists in general who received airplay on rhythm and blues radio stations. The Righteous Brothers in turn named their 1964 LP \"Some Blue-Eyed Soul\". According to Bill Medley of the Righteous Brothers, R&B radio stations who played their songs were surprised to find them to be white when they turned up for interviews, and one DJ in Philadelphia (unnamed by Medley but probably Georgie Woods) started saying \"Here's my blue-eyed soul brothers\", and it became a code to signal to the audience that they were white singers. The popularity of The Righteous Brothers who had a hit with \" You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" is thought to have started the trend of R&B radio stations to play songs by white artists in the mid-1960s, a more integrative approach that was then popular with their audience. The term blue-eyed soul was then applied to such artists as Sonny & Cher, The Beatles, Tom Jones, Barry McGuire, and Roy Head. White musicians playing R&B music, however, began before the term blue-eyed soul was coined."], "answer": {"text": "The duo split up in February 1968,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_85149b67e8d24a26b7d658d27552f3b0_0_q#1", "question": "What was the reason for the split?", "rewrite": "What was the reason for the split?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Split jumps A split jump is a sequence of body movements in which a split is performed after jumping, while the performer is still in the air. Split jumps are commonly found in dance, figure skating, and gymnastics, and may also be used as a form of exercise. Split jumps are a category of figure skating jumps in which the skater achieves a split position in the air. Unlike most figure skating jumps, split jumps are positional jumps, rather than rotational jumps; the point of them is to achieve a position in the air, not to rotate a specific number of times. Most split jumps are derived from the half flip, a half-rotation jump with a flip entry. Split jumps can also be done with half lutz or falling leaf (a loop jump with a half-revolution in the air) entries. More rarely, full-rotation flip and lutz jumps can be done with a split. These jumps are known as the \"split flip\" and \"split lutz\". As an alternative to the standard front split, some skaters perform a \"Russian split\", with legs in a straddle split. The only difference between this and a split jump is the position in the air. The legs extend straight out, with the toes pointed. Skaters often touch their toes as part of a Russian split. Another variation is the \"stag jump\", in which the forward leg is bent in front while the back leg kicks out as in the regular split jump. Both the Russian split and stag jump can be done from the same jump entries as the regular split jumps. Bending both legs in a stag jump is sometimes called a double stag jump. Split jumps are considered fairly basic jumps in figure skating, but they can be very dramatic when performed well.", "Reverse stock split In finance, a reverse stock split or reverse split is a process by which shares of corporate stock are effectively merged to form a smaller number of proportionally more valuable shares. A reverse stock split is also called a stock merge. The \"reverse stock split\" appellation is a reference to the more common stock split in which shares are effectively divided to form a larger number of proportionally less valuable shares. New shares are typically issued in a simple ratio, e.g. 1 new share for 2 old shares, 3 for 4, etc. A reverse split is the opposite of a stock split. Typically, the exchange temporarily adds a \"D\" to the end of a ticker symbol during a reverse stock split. Sometimes a company may concurrently change its name. This is known as a name change and consolidation (i.e. using a different ticker symbol for the new shares). There is a stigma attached to doing a reverse stock split, as it underscores the fact that shares have declined in value, so it is not common and may take a shareholder or board meeting for consent. Many institutional investors and mutual funds, for example, have rules against purchasing a stock whose price is below some minimum, perhaps US$5. A common reason for a reverse stock split is to satisfy a stock exchange's minimum share price. A reverse stock split may be used to reduce the number of shareholders. If a company completes a reverse split in which 1 new share is issued for every 100 old shares, any investor holding fewer than 100 shares would simply receive a cash payment. If the number of shareholders drops, the company may be placed into a different regulatory category and may be governed by different law\u2014for example, in the U.S., whether a company is regulated by the SEC depends in part on the number of shareholders.", "Texas Is the Reason Texas Is the Reason was an American emo/post-hardcore band founded by former Shelter guitarist Norman Brannon and 108 drummer Chris Daly in 1994. They disbanded in 1997, and held brief reunions in 2006 and 2012\u20132013. They are seen as one of the cornerstones of the \u201990s emo movement and remain very influential in modern emo. Norman Brannon (guitar), guitarist for the hardcore Hare Krishna band Shelter, formed Texas Is the Reason with friend and then fellow Hare Krishna devotee Chris Daly (drums), formerly of the band 108, which played music of a similar kind to Shelter's, some time in the early 1990s in New York City. They both desired to leave the macho attitude and religious preaching of their former projects. With former Fountainhead bassist Scott Winegard (bass), the three recruited one-time bassist for Buffalo's Copper, Garrett Klahn (guitar/vocals), to round out the quartet. The name \"Texas Is the Reason\" is lifted from a Misfits song, entitled \"Bullet\". It also makes reference to a conspiracy theory about the assassination of John F. Kennedy, in which the president was killed in a plot arranged by Texas Democrats in order to give Lyndon B. Johnson control of the White House. Releasing three songs on an EP, Texas Is the Reason became an underground smash and helped usher in an era of similarly motivated and styled emo bands. They then released a split single with The Promise Ring through Jade Tree. The following year (1995) they released another split single with Samuel through British record label Simba. What followed was their first and only full-length album, \" Do You Know Who You Are?\", named after the last statement John Lennon supposedly heard.", "Split leap A split leap or split jump is a sequence of body movements in which a person assumes a split position after leaping or jumping from the floor, respectively, while still in the air. Split leaps and split jumps are both found in various genres of dance including acro, ballet and jazz dance, and in gymnastics. Split jumps may also serve as a form of exercise, and the term \"split jump\" is also commonly used to describe similar body movements in figure skating. Some types of split leaps and jumps are named according to the type of split that is performed, while others may use nomenclature associated with specific dance genres. For example, a \"straddle\" (sometimes called \"side\") split leap incorporates a straddle split, with legs extended symmetrically to the sides, whereas a grand jet\u00e9, which involves a front split, derives its name from ballet terminology. A \"stag split leap\" is a split leap in which one knee is bent, whereas both knees are bent in a \"double stag split leap\". Split leaps and split jumps require significant flexibility and strength. Flexibility and strength are both needed to attain a split position without the aid of external leg support. Also, in order to remain airborne while in the split position, strength is needed to propel the body upward with sufficient kinetic energy to compensate for the loss of vertical momentum that results from raising the legs into a split position while airborne. In dance, the perceived quality of a split leap or split jump depends in large part on the application of various dance techniques. In particular, emphasis is often placed on pointing the feet while airborne, especially during the split, so as to extend the leg lines. Also, proper technique (\"i.e.,\" best practice) typically calls for straight legs (except in \"stag\" variations) and a full split position at the apex of the leap or jump.", "Split (gymnastics) A split (commonly referred to as splits or the splits) is a physical position in which the legs are in line with each other and extended in opposite directions. Splits are commonly performed in various athletic activities, including dance, figure skating, gymnastics, contortionism, synchronized swimming, cheerleading and yoga as exercise, where a front split is named Hanumanasana and a side split is named Samakonasana. A person who has assumed a split position is said to be \"in a split\" or \"doing the splits\". When executing a split, the lines defined by the inner thighs of the legs form an angle of approximately 180 degrees. This large angle significantly stretches, and thus demonstrates excellent flexibility of, the hamstring and iliopsoas muscles. Consequently, splits are often used as a stretching exercise to warm up and enhance the flexibility of leg muscles. A split that goes beyond 180\u00b0 is called an oversplit. There are two general forms of splits: There are many variations of form and performance of splits, including: A common problem encountered during a side split is pain in the hip joints. Usually, the reason for this is that the split is being performed improperly (the pelvis may need to be tilted forward). Another common problem encountered during splits (both front and side) is pain in the knees. Many people lack the flexibility required to execute a split and thus regard splits to be uncomfortable or even painful. Because of this widespread view, splits appear in slapstick comedy, schadenfreude, and other forms of entertainment."], "answer": {"text": "a breakup that would last for more than six years, when Medley left to pursue a solo career.", "answer_start": 35}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did The Righteous Brothers break up?", "answer": {"text": "The duo split up in February 1968,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_85149b67e8d24a26b7d658d27552f3b0_0_q#2", "question": "Did Medley release any albums during this time?", "rewrite": "Did Medley release any albums during six years?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Potamolithus rushii Potamolithus rushii is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Lithoglyphidae. \" Potamolithus rushii\" is the type species of the genus \"Potamolithus\". The specific name \"rushii\" is in honor of Dr. William H. Rush (18??-1918), who collected this species. The distribution of \"Potamolithus rushii\" includes the Uruguay River near Paysand\u00fa (the type locality), Uruguay and Argentina. \"Potamolithus rushii\" was originally described by the American malacologist Henry Augustus Pilsbry in 1896. Pilsbry's original text reads as follows: The shell of \"Potamolithus rushii\" is imperforate, wider than high, biconvex, very solid and strong. It is light green in color. The last half of the last whorl is dusky green. The keels are rather bright green. The early whorls are being dark reddish brown. The surface is somewhat glossy, with faint, fine growth-lines and barely perceptible spiral lines. The spire is convex, the apex is obtuse. The shell has 4 whorls, but the first whorl is eroded, leaving a pit, in all the adult shells seen. The whorls are convex, with seam-like sutures. In the latter part of the penultimate whorl the peripheral keel is usually visible at the suture. The last whorl has a very strong peripheral keel, the surface is being concave above and below it. Above the concavity the upper surface is convex, the convexity rising into a hump on the back, then disappearing, the last fourth of the whorl being flat.", "Richard K. Lublin Richard K. Lublin (born October 15, 1939) is an American actor, philanthropist, lawyer and educator. Richard K. Lublin was born in Hartford, Connecticut. He received his B.A. from Duke University in 1961, and graduated from Cornell Law School with his Juris Doctor degree in 1964. Richard Lublin entered his part-time acting career in 1995 after retiring from 32 years of active law practice. His legal and acting careers merged in 1998 when he first landed roles as an attorney in \"The Practice\" and \"Ally McBeal\". In the late 90's, he played featured roles as a judge on \"Law & Order\". Richard also had supporting roles on highly popular television shows like \"Chicago Hope, Frasier, Rescue Me, Married with Children\" and the HBO series, \"Luck\". In his first movie role, Richard was cast in the Sidney Lumet film \" Before the Devil Knows You\u2019re Dead\", which movie critic Roger Ebert reviewed as \u201ca superb crime melodrama.\u201d In the film, Lublin plays \u201cMourner #4\u201d and has dialog scenes with noted actors Albert Finney, Philip Seymour Hoffman, and Ethan Hawke. In 2017, Richard is performing in a new feature film \"The Land of Steady Habits\", written and directed by Nicole Holofcener. Set in Connecticut, the film focuses on the journey of Anders Hill, played by Ben Mendelsohn, a man in his mid-fifties who has just retired. Richard Lublin plays the role of Hill\u2019s friendly neighbor, and has dialogue with the leading actor in several scenes, as Anders laments about the changes he\u2019s experiencing along his journey. In 2018, Lublin presided over the festivities and handed out awards during the closing night presentation at the International Film Festival in Naples, Florida where Steve Martin and Martin Short performed.", "Colus rushii Colus rushii is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks.", "The base has a thick and prominent keel, defining a concave yellowish columellar area. The outer lip has a high, narrow varix at the edge. The aperture is very oblique, short-ovate, nearly circular, with a continuous, black-edged margin. The oblique columella is very broad, with a gutter or concavity near to and parallel with the inner margin. There is some variation in the degree of depression of the whole shell, the amplitude of the columellar area and in the prominence of the hump on the back, which is sometimes almost suppressed. The width of the shell is 6.3 mm. The height of the shell is 4.3-5.1 mm. The relationship between \"Potamolithus rushii\" and \"Potamolithus iheringi\" is exceedingly interesting. The two species are similar in general color-scheme, in the varix, absence of more rapid descent of the suture towards the mouth, etc., but are totally diverse in contour, the one being carinate, the other smooth and naticoid. Yet it is significant that while \"Potamolithus iheringi\" has no trace of a peripheral keel, the green band occupies the same position as that coloring the keel in \"Potamolithus rushii\". The youngest specimens seen by Pilsbry had three whorls and a diameter of 3 mm. They had the depressed contour of adults and were strongly carinate peripherally, but the carina is distinctly weaker in front of the mouth, apparently indicating that it begins when the shell has nearly two whorls and a diameter of about a millimeter. At the 3 mm stage, the columella is very broad, semicircular, with a deep excavation and rod-like inner border (see image on the right).", "Richard Lublin is a member of the Screen Actors Guild and American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA). In May 2019, Richard Lublin was honored for his unconventional bridging of two disparate careers in Law and the Arts. He received an Honorary Degree, Doctor of Fine Arts, honoris causa, from the University of Connecticut, School of Fine Arts during their commencement ceremony, where Richard was also the commencement speaker. When the honorary doctorate was conferred, he was introduced with these remarks: \u201cToday, we are privileged to honor you, Richard Lublin, as a representative of what can be achieved with drive, fortitude, and imagination. As an accomplished attorney and actor, your life \u2019s work teaches us that with passion, there are no barriers to achievement.\u201d After graduating from Cornell Law School, Richard Lublin was admitted to the Ohio State Bar Association in 1964 and the Connecticut Bar Association in 1965. He was admitted to practice before Connecticut\u2019s U.S. District Court in 1969, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida in 1975 and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in 1975. Lublin was a founding partner of a prominent Connecticut law firm, which had offices in East Hartford and Avon, Conn. He retired from active law practice in 1995. Richard Lublin returned to his undergraduate alma mater, Duke University, as a guest lecturer in law from 1990-1995. He was a member of Duke University\u2019s Advisory Board of Trustees from 1988 \u20131994. In 1993, Lublin established the Richard K. Lublin Teaching Award as one of four endowed teaching awards presented annually within Duke University\u2019s Trinity College of Arts & Sciences. The Lublin Award recognizes undergraduate teaching excellence across all educational and research programs in the humanities, social sciences and natural sciences at Duke University."], "answer": {"text": "Medley recorded a few solo recordings on several labels,", "answer_start": 128}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did The Righteous Brothers break up?", "answer": {"text": "The duo split up in February 1968,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the reason for the split?", "answer": {"text": "a breakup that would last for more than six years, when Medley left to pursue a solo career.", "answer_start": 35, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_85149b67e8d24a26b7d658d27552f3b0_0_q#3", "question": "What was Hatfield doing?", "rewrite": "What was Hatfield doing?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Gene Hatfield Lester Gene Hatfield (November 23, 1925 - February 18, 2017), known as Gene, was a lifetime artist and Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Art at the University of Central Arkansas in Conway, Arkansas. Hatfield was also a recipient of the Arkansas Arts Council Governor's Lifetime Achievement Award, an Arkansas Senate Citation, and a Purple Heart in addition to other various awards for his art and service. Hatfield worked primarily in watercolor, oil, acrylic, pottery, stage sets, and various types of sculpture. He was perhaps best known locally for his unique yard filled with sculptures made from various found objects ranging from bicycles, to soda cans, to mops, to tin foil, and more. His famous eclectic outdoor art environment was a result of over forty years of working with materials that most people call \u201cjunk\u201d or \u201ctrash\u201d and turning it into works of art. Hatfield incorporated aspects of surrealism and folk art into his unique sculptures while more traditional late-nineteenth-century artists such as Paul C\u00e9zanne influenced his paintings. With a long tenure as an Art Teacher and contributor to UCA, Hatfield was an important part of Arkansas\u2019 art culture. Gene Hatfield was born on November 23, 1925 in Conway, Arkansas, to Lester and Gertrude Powers Hatfield. His father was a building contractor and his business was adversely impacted during the Great Depression. The financial setback was the impetus for the family to move from Conway to Mount Vernon, Arkansas. Hatfield's parents were originally from Mount Vernon and they lived there until 1937, when the Hatfield family moved back to Conway. Hatfield graduated from Conway High School in 1942 and enrolled at Arkansas State Teachers College in the fall of 1942. During his first stint in college, during World War II, Hatfield was one of the few male students on campus. After three semesters in college, Hatfield was drafted into the U.S.Army in January 1944.", "Charles Hatfield Charles Mallory Hatfield (July 15, 1875January 12, 1958) was an American \"rainmaker\". Hatfield was born in Fort Scott, Kansas on July 15, 1875. His family moved to Southern California in the 1880s. As an adult, he became a salesman for the New Home Sewing Machine Company. In 1904, he moved to Glendale, California. In his free time Hatfield read about \"pluviculture\" and began to develop his own methods for producing rain. By 1902 he had created a secret mixture of 23 chemicals in large galvanized evaporating tanks that, he claimed, attracted rain. Hatfield called himself a \"moisture accelerator\". In 1904, promoter Fred Binney began a public relations campaign for Hatfield. A number of Los Angeles ranchers saw his ads in newspapers and promised Hatfield $50 to produce rain. In February, Hatfield and his brother Paul built an evaporating tower at La Crescenta where Hatfield stood and released his mixture into the air. Hatfield's apparent attempt was successful, so the ranchers paid him $100. Contemporary Weather Bureau reports stated that the rain had been a small part of a storm that was already coming but Hatfield's supporters disregarded this. He began to receive more job offers. He promised Los Angeles of rain, apparently succeeded, and collected a fee of $1000. For this effort, Hatfield had built his tower on the grounds of the Esperanza Sanitarium in Altadena, near Rubio Canyon. In 1906 Hatfield was invited to the Yukon Territory, where he agreed to create rain for the water-dependent mines of the Klondike Goldfields. The Klondike contract was for $10,000, but after unsuccessful efforts, Hatfield slipped away, collecting only $1,100 for his expenses. This failure did not deter his supporters.", "Hatfield Heath Hatfield Heath is a village, civil parish, and an electoral ward in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England, and at its west is close to the border with Hertfordshire. In close proximity are the towns of Bishop's Stortford and Sawbridgeworth. Stansted Airport is approximately to the north. The neighbouring Hatfield Broad Oak was a market town which shrank to a large village. As it declined Hatfield Heath, then in the parish of Hatfield Broad Oak, grew because of its proximity to main roads through the parish. In 1660 the fair at Hatfield Broad Oak was moved to Hatfield Heath. By the third quarter of the 18th-century the heath (today's village green), had cottages around its edge, and by the 19th century two schools, a church and a brewery. The 1870-72 \"Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales\" entry for Hatfield Heath describes: ... a chapelry in Hatfield-Broad Oak parish, Essex; 1\u00be mile SW of Hatfield-broad-Oak, and 2\u00bd E of Sawbridgeworth r. station. It was constituted in 1860; and its post town is Hatfield-Broad-Oak, under Harlow. Pop., 622. Houses, 124. The manor belongs to George A. Lowndes, Esq. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Rochester. Value, \u00a375. * Patron, the Vicar of Hatfield-Broad-Oak. The church was built in 1860; is in the early English style; and consists of nave and chancel, with tower and spire. There is an Independent chapel. Hatfield Heath became after 1860 an ecclesiastical district formed out of but remaining part of Hatfield Broad Oak. The settlement was a hamlet, and one of two ecclesiastical chapelries of Hatfield Broad Oak, the other being Bush End.", "By 1901 Hatfield Heath, remaining an Hatfield Broad Oak ecclesiastical district and hamlet, had a population of 579. At the time both Hatfield Heath and Bush End were perpetual curacies together of a yearly value of \u00a375, held under advowson of the vicar of Hatfield Broad Oak. The church supported three National Schools in the wider Hatfield Broad Oak parish, which also contained \"several\" private schools. The National School at Hatfield Heath was built in 1899 for 201 mixed children, which in 1902 had an average attendance of 66. An 1894 will of George Cheveley provided interest from a trust for Hatfield Heath National School children's education, and in 1905, the Cheveley Educational Foundation. An 1857-built day school in Hatfield Broad Oak provided non-religious teaching to 113 parish pupils; it became government funded in 1862, and in 1898, after rising and falling numbers, an infants room was added, and in 1929 it was amalgamated with Hatfield Heath National School. The Hatfield Heath Congregational community dates to 1665, established by an incumbent ejected from the vicarage of Hatfield Broad Oak who became licensed as a Congregational minister. The community met in a meeting house, and by 1724 in a barn, where the congregation numbered 300. A further house was acquired on which land the present enlarged church was built in 1875, building on a number of earlier church structures. By 1851 the congregation was 500, and became part of the United Reformed Church in 1972, after which membership fell to 91 in 1980. The Hatfield Broad Oak Congregational church building, dating from 1818 and later converted for Roman Catholic use, was until the 1920s a station of Hatfield Heath Congregational church. \"Kelly's Directory\" noted in 1902 at Hatfield Heath a Gothic style independent Congregational \"chapel\" seating 300, built in 1876.", "As of 2017, a redevelopment of the town centre was planned. Hatfield Town F.C. plays Non-League football at Gosling Sports Park. Hatfield Athletic Football Club competes in the Herts Senior County League and plays its games at Lemsford. The town has a public swimming pool and four sports/leisure centres (two with indoor swimming pools). Hatfield is part of Welwyn Hatfield borough council in the county of Hertfordshire. It is a civil parish and has a town council. It is twinned with the Dutch port town of Zierikzee. Hatfield is part of the Welwyn Hatfield constituency, which also includes Welwyn Garden City. The MP for Welwyn Hatfield is Grant Shapps, a Conservative. Hatfield experiences an oceanic climate (K\u00f6ppen climate classification \"Cfb\") like most of the United Kingdom. Hatfield has a nine-screen Odeon cinema, a stately home (Hatfield House), a museum (Mill Green Museum), a contemporary art gallery (Art and Design Gallery), a theatre (The Weston Auditorium) and a music venue (The Forum Hertfordshire). There are shopping centres in the new town: the Galleria (indoor shopping centre), The Stable Yard (Hatfield House), and at two supermarkets (ASDA and Tesco). Hatfield contains numerous primary and secondary schools, including The Ryde School, St Philip Howard Catholic Primary School, Onslow St Audrey's School and Bishops Hatfield Girls School and the independent day and boarding girls' school Queenswood School. The University of Hertfordshire is based in Hatfield. A large section of the airfield site was purchased by the University and the \u00a3120-million de Havilland Campus, incorporating a \u00a315-million Sports Village, was opened in September 2003. The university has closed its sites at Watford and Hertford; faculties situated there have been moved to the de Havilland Campus."], "answer": {"text": "Hatfield and Jimmy Walker recorded an album, Re-Birth, as \"The Righteous Brothers\" before disbanding in 1971.", "answer_start": 597}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did The Righteous Brothers break up?", "answer": {"text": "The duo split up in February 1968,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the reason for the split?", "answer": {"text": "a breakup that would last for more than six years, when Medley left to pursue a solo career.", "answer_start": 35, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Medley release any albums during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Medley recorded a few solo recordings on several labels,", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_85149b67e8d24a26b7d658d27552f3b0_0_q#4", "question": "How long were Hatfield and Walker together?", "rewrite": "How long were Hatfield and Walker together?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["By 1901 Hatfield Heath, remaining an Hatfield Broad Oak ecclesiastical district and hamlet, had a population of 579. At the time both Hatfield Heath and Bush End were perpetual curacies together of a yearly value of \u00a375, held under advowson of the vicar of Hatfield Broad Oak. The church supported three National Schools in the wider Hatfield Broad Oak parish, which also contained \"several\" private schools. The National School at Hatfield Heath was built in 1899 for 201 mixed children, which in 1902 had an average attendance of 66. An 1894 will of George Cheveley provided interest from a trust for Hatfield Heath National School children's education, and in 1905, the Cheveley Educational Foundation. An 1857-built day school in Hatfield Broad Oak provided non-religious teaching to 113 parish pupils; it became government funded in 1862, and in 1898, after rising and falling numbers, an infants room was added, and in 1929 it was amalgamated with Hatfield Heath National School. The Hatfield Heath Congregational community dates to 1665, established by an incumbent ejected from the vicarage of Hatfield Broad Oak who became licensed as a Congregational minister. The community met in a meeting house, and by 1724 in a barn, where the congregation numbered 300. A further house was acquired on which land the present enlarged church was built in 1875, building on a number of earlier church structures. By 1851 the congregation was 500, and became part of the United Reformed Church in 1972, after which membership fell to 91 in 1980. The Hatfield Broad Oak Congregational church building, dating from 1818 and later converted for Roman Catholic use, was until the 1920s a station of Hatfield Heath Congregational church. \"Kelly's Directory\" noted in 1902 at Hatfield Heath a Gothic style independent Congregational \"chapel\" seating 300, built in 1876.", "Gene Hatfield Lester Gene Hatfield (November 23, 1925 - February 18, 2017), known as Gene, was a lifetime artist and Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Art at the University of Central Arkansas in Conway, Arkansas. Hatfield was also a recipient of the Arkansas Arts Council Governor's Lifetime Achievement Award, an Arkansas Senate Citation, and a Purple Heart in addition to other various awards for his art and service. Hatfield worked primarily in watercolor, oil, acrylic, pottery, stage sets, and various types of sculpture. He was perhaps best known locally for his unique yard filled with sculptures made from various found objects ranging from bicycles, to soda cans, to mops, to tin foil, and more. His famous eclectic outdoor art environment was a result of over forty years of working with materials that most people call \u201cjunk\u201d or \u201ctrash\u201d and turning it into works of art. Hatfield incorporated aspects of surrealism and folk art into his unique sculptures while more traditional late-nineteenth-century artists such as Paul C\u00e9zanne influenced his paintings. With a long tenure as an Art Teacher and contributor to UCA, Hatfield was an important part of Arkansas\u2019 art culture. Gene Hatfield was born on November 23, 1925 in Conway, Arkansas, to Lester and Gertrude Powers Hatfield. His father was a building contractor and his business was adversely impacted during the Great Depression. The financial setback was the impetus for the family to move from Conway to Mount Vernon, Arkansas. Hatfield's parents were originally from Mount Vernon and they lived there until 1937, when the Hatfield family moved back to Conway. Hatfield graduated from Conway High School in 1942 and enrolled at Arkansas State Teachers College in the fall of 1942. During his first stint in college, during World War II, Hatfield was one of the few male students on campus. After three semesters in college, Hatfield was drafted into the U.S.Army in January 1944.", "The duo split up in February 1968, a breakup that would last for more than six years, when Medley left to pursue a solo career. Medley recorded a few solo recordings on several labels, while Hatfield teamed up with singer Jimmy Walker (from The Knickerbockers) using the Righteous Brothers name on the MGM label. Medley first recorded \"I Can't Make It Alone\" written by Carole King, but the song failed to make much of an impact. The following single, \"Brown Eyed Woman\" written by Mann and Weil, performed better. However, neither he nor Hatfield were able to match their previous chart success. Hatfield and Jimmy Walker recorded an album, Re-Birth, as \"The Righteous Brothers\" before disbanding in 1971. In a 2013 interview, Jimmy Walker said he had wanted to continue, but Hatfield decided to take a break and broke up the act. In 1969, Hatfield appeared in a TV movie, The Ballad of Andy Crocker, and also recorded \"Only You\". He released a solo album, Messin' In Muscle Shoals in 1971. According to Medley, he was performing three shows a night in Las Vegas, but finding it too much of a strain on his voice singing solo, and under advice he sought out Hatfield to reform The Righteous Brothers; Hatfield at this point was broke and living alone in a small apartment. In 1974, Medley and Hatfield announced their reunion at an appearance on The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour. They signed with Haven Records, run by producers Dennis Lambert and Brian Potter and distributed by Capitol Records. Within a few weeks of reforming, they recorded Alan O'Day's \"Rock and Roll Heaven\", a paean to several deceased rock singers which became a hit, peaking at No. 3 on the Billboard Hot 100. Several more minor hits on Haven followed.", "Hatfield Heath Hatfield Heath is a village, civil parish, and an electoral ward in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England, and at its west is close to the border with Hertfordshire. In close proximity are the towns of Bishop's Stortford and Sawbridgeworth. Stansted Airport is approximately to the north. The neighbouring Hatfield Broad Oak was a market town which shrank to a large village. As it declined Hatfield Heath, then in the parish of Hatfield Broad Oak, grew because of its proximity to main roads through the parish. In 1660 the fair at Hatfield Broad Oak was moved to Hatfield Heath. By the third quarter of the 18th-century the heath (today's village green), had cottages around its edge, and by the 19th century two schools, a church and a brewery. The 1870-72 \"Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales\" entry for Hatfield Heath describes: ... a chapelry in Hatfield-Broad Oak parish, Essex; 1\u00be mile SW of Hatfield-broad-Oak, and 2\u00bd E of Sawbridgeworth r. station. It was constituted in 1860; and its post town is Hatfield-Broad-Oak, under Harlow. Pop., 622. Houses, 124. The manor belongs to George A. Lowndes, Esq. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Rochester. Value, \u00a375. * Patron, the Vicar of Hatfield-Broad-Oak. The church was built in 1860; is in the early English style; and consists of nave and chancel, with tower and spire. There is an Independent chapel. Hatfield Heath became after 1860 an ecclesiastical district formed out of but remaining part of Hatfield Broad Oak. The settlement was a hamlet, and one of two ecclesiastical chapelries of Hatfield Broad Oak, the other being Bush End.", "In July 1926 the Air Service was renamed the Air Corps by Act of Congress as a compromise alternative to creating an independent or autonomous air force. Olds continued his staff duties in the Office of the Chief of the Air Corps. In September 1927 he was assigned to Langley Field, where he would spend eleven of the next thirteen years. He became a student in the eighth class of the Air Corps Tactical School. Among his 23 classmates were Majors Frank M. Andrews, George H. Brett, and Willis H. Hale, all of whom would become senior leaders of the Army Air Forces, and John F. Curry (one of his sponsors to the Regular Army in 1920), who would become school commandant several years later. Following his completion of the course, Olds was invited in July 1928 to become an instructor at ACTS. In the next class was 1st Lt. Kenneth N. Walker, who had also been a Mitchell aide, and in 1929 he too became an ACTS instructor. Together they served as the Bombardment Section of the ACTS faculty. Between 1929 and 1931, when the school moved from Langley to Maxwell Field, Alabama, they were responsible for the ascendancy of bombardment (which existed mainly in theory and undeveloped technology) over pursuit as the primary emphasis of both the ACTS curriculum and the development of Air Corps doctrine. Haywood S. Hansell, who with Olds, Walker, and six others would become a clique known as the \"Bomber Mafia,\" wrote of them: Bob Olds and Ken Walker together were dangerously close to being a \"critical mass. \" Both were almost explosively intense and dynamic. Under them the Bombardment Section forged ahead... They had adopted Ken's contention that bombardment was to air power what the infantry was to the Army-the basic arm... \"A well planned and well conducted bombardment attack, once launched, cannot be stopped.\""], "answer": {"text": "before disbanding in 1971.", "answer_start": 680}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did The Righteous Brothers break up?", "answer": {"text": "The duo split up in February 1968,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the reason for the split?", "answer": {"text": "a breakup that would last for more than six years, when Medley left to pursue a solo career.", "answer_start": 35, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Medley release any albums during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Medley recorded a few solo recordings on several labels,", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Hatfield doing?", "answer": {"text": "Hatfield and Jimmy Walker recorded an album, Re-Birth, as \"The Righteous Brothers\" before disbanding in 1971.", "answer_start": 597, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_85149b67e8d24a26b7d658d27552f3b0_0_q#5", "question": "Why did they disband?", "rewrite": "Why did Hatfield and Walker disband?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The duo split up in February 1968, a breakup that would last for more than six years, when Medley left to pursue a solo career. Medley recorded a few solo recordings on several labels, while Hatfield teamed up with singer Jimmy Walker (from The Knickerbockers) using the Righteous Brothers name on the MGM label. Medley first recorded \"I Can't Make It Alone\" written by Carole King, but the song failed to make much of an impact. The following single, \"Brown Eyed Woman\" written by Mann and Weil, performed better. However, neither he nor Hatfield were able to match their previous chart success. Hatfield and Jimmy Walker recorded an album, Re-Birth, as \"The Righteous Brothers\" before disbanding in 1971. In a 2013 interview, Jimmy Walker said he had wanted to continue, but Hatfield decided to take a break and broke up the act. In 1969, Hatfield appeared in a TV movie, The Ballad of Andy Crocker, and also recorded \"Only You\". He released a solo album, Messin' In Muscle Shoals in 1971. According to Medley, he was performing three shows a night in Las Vegas, but finding it too much of a strain on his voice singing solo, and under advice he sought out Hatfield to reform The Righteous Brothers; Hatfield at this point was broke and living alone in a small apartment. In 1974, Medley and Hatfield announced their reunion at an appearance on The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour. They signed with Haven Records, run by producers Dennis Lambert and Brian Potter and distributed by Capitol Records. Within a few weeks of reforming, they recorded Alan O'Day's \"Rock and Roll Heaven\", a paean to several deceased rock singers which became a hit, peaking at No. 3 on the Billboard Hot 100. Several more minor hits on Haven followed.", "As of 2017, a redevelopment of the town centre was planned. Hatfield Town F.C. plays Non-League football at Gosling Sports Park. Hatfield Athletic Football Club competes in the Herts Senior County League and plays its games at Lemsford. The town has a public swimming pool and four sports/leisure centres (two with indoor swimming pools). Hatfield is part of Welwyn Hatfield borough council in the county of Hertfordshire. It is a civil parish and has a town council. It is twinned with the Dutch port town of Zierikzee. Hatfield is part of the Welwyn Hatfield constituency, which also includes Welwyn Garden City. The MP for Welwyn Hatfield is Grant Shapps, a Conservative. Hatfield experiences an oceanic climate (K\u00f6ppen climate classification \"Cfb\") like most of the United Kingdom. Hatfield has a nine-screen Odeon cinema, a stately home (Hatfield House), a museum (Mill Green Museum), a contemporary art gallery (Art and Design Gallery), a theatre (The Weston Auditorium) and a music venue (The Forum Hertfordshire). There are shopping centres in the new town: the Galleria (indoor shopping centre), The Stable Yard (Hatfield House), and at two supermarkets (ASDA and Tesco). Hatfield contains numerous primary and secondary schools, including The Ryde School, St Philip Howard Catholic Primary School, Onslow St Audrey's School and Bishops Hatfield Girls School and the independent day and boarding girls' school Queenswood School. The University of Hertfordshire is based in Hatfield. A large section of the airfield site was purchased by the University and the \u00a3120-million de Havilland Campus, incorporating a \u00a315-million Sports Village, was opened in September 2003. The university has closed its sites at Watford and Hertford; faculties situated there have been moved to the de Havilland Campus.", "By 1901 Hatfield Heath, remaining an Hatfield Broad Oak ecclesiastical district and hamlet, had a population of 579. At the time both Hatfield Heath and Bush End were perpetual curacies together of a yearly value of \u00a375, held under advowson of the vicar of Hatfield Broad Oak. The church supported three National Schools in the wider Hatfield Broad Oak parish, which also contained \"several\" private schools. The National School at Hatfield Heath was built in 1899 for 201 mixed children, which in 1902 had an average attendance of 66. An 1894 will of George Cheveley provided interest from a trust for Hatfield Heath National School children's education, and in 1905, the Cheveley Educational Foundation. An 1857-built day school in Hatfield Broad Oak provided non-religious teaching to 113 parish pupils; it became government funded in 1862, and in 1898, after rising and falling numbers, an infants room was added, and in 1929 it was amalgamated with Hatfield Heath National School. The Hatfield Heath Congregational community dates to 1665, established by an incumbent ejected from the vicarage of Hatfield Broad Oak who became licensed as a Congregational minister. The community met in a meeting house, and by 1724 in a barn, where the congregation numbered 300. A further house was acquired on which land the present enlarged church was built in 1875, building on a number of earlier church structures. By 1851 the congregation was 500, and became part of the United Reformed Church in 1972, after which membership fell to 91 in 1980. The Hatfield Broad Oak Congregational church building, dating from 1818 and later converted for Roman Catholic use, was until the 1920s a station of Hatfield Heath Congregational church. \"Kelly's Directory\" noted in 1902 at Hatfield Heath a Gothic style independent Congregational \"chapel\" seating 300, built in 1876.", "Charles Hatfield Charles Mallory Hatfield (July 15, 1875January 12, 1958) was an American \"rainmaker\". Hatfield was born in Fort Scott, Kansas on July 15, 1875. His family moved to Southern California in the 1880s. As an adult, he became a salesman for the New Home Sewing Machine Company. In 1904, he moved to Glendale, California. In his free time Hatfield read about \"pluviculture\" and began to develop his own methods for producing rain. By 1902 he had created a secret mixture of 23 chemicals in large galvanized evaporating tanks that, he claimed, attracted rain. Hatfield called himself a \"moisture accelerator\". In 1904, promoter Fred Binney began a public relations campaign for Hatfield. A number of Los Angeles ranchers saw his ads in newspapers and promised Hatfield $50 to produce rain. In February, Hatfield and his brother Paul built an evaporating tower at La Crescenta where Hatfield stood and released his mixture into the air. Hatfield's apparent attempt was successful, so the ranchers paid him $100. Contemporary Weather Bureau reports stated that the rain had been a small part of a storm that was already coming but Hatfield's supporters disregarded this. He began to receive more job offers. He promised Los Angeles of rain, apparently succeeded, and collected a fee of $1000. For this effort, Hatfield had built his tower on the grounds of the Esperanza Sanitarium in Altadena, near Rubio Canyon. In 1906 Hatfield was invited to the Yukon Territory, where he agreed to create rain for the water-dependent mines of the Klondike Goldfields. The Klondike contract was for $10,000, but after unsuccessful efforts, Hatfield slipped away, collecting only $1,100 for his expenses. This failure did not deter his supporters.", "Hatfield Heath Hatfield Heath is a village, civil parish, and an electoral ward in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England, and at its west is close to the border with Hertfordshire. In close proximity are the towns of Bishop's Stortford and Sawbridgeworth. Stansted Airport is approximately to the north. The neighbouring Hatfield Broad Oak was a market town which shrank to a large village. As it declined Hatfield Heath, then in the parish of Hatfield Broad Oak, grew because of its proximity to main roads through the parish. In 1660 the fair at Hatfield Broad Oak was moved to Hatfield Heath. By the third quarter of the 18th-century the heath (today's village green), had cottages around its edge, and by the 19th century two schools, a church and a brewery. The 1870-72 \"Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales\" entry for Hatfield Heath describes: ... a chapelry in Hatfield-Broad Oak parish, Essex; 1\u00be mile SW of Hatfield-broad-Oak, and 2\u00bd E of Sawbridgeworth r. station. It was constituted in 1860; and its post town is Hatfield-Broad-Oak, under Harlow. Pop., 622. Houses, 124. The manor belongs to George A. Lowndes, Esq. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Rochester. Value, \u00a375. * Patron, the Vicar of Hatfield-Broad-Oak. The church was built in 1860; is in the early English style; and consists of nave and chancel, with tower and spire. There is an Independent chapel. Hatfield Heath became after 1860 an ecclesiastical district formed out of but remaining part of Hatfield Broad Oak. The settlement was a hamlet, and one of two ecclesiastical chapelries of Hatfield Broad Oak, the other being Bush End."], "answer": {"text": "but Hatfield decided to take a break and broke up the act.", "answer_start": 773}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did The Righteous Brothers break up?", "answer": {"text": "The duo split up in February 1968,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the reason for the split?", "answer": {"text": "a breakup that would last for more than six years, when Medley left to pursue a solo career.", "answer_start": 35, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Medley release any albums during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Medley recorded a few solo recordings on several labels,", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Hatfield doing?", "answer": {"text": "Hatfield and Jimmy Walker recorded an album, Re-Birth, as \"The Righteous Brothers\" before disbanding in 1971.", "answer_start": 597, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long were Hatfield and Walker together?", "answer": {"text": "before disbanding in 1971.", "answer_start": 680, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_324bcbc82136462cbeebda5fb8737997_0_q#1", "question": "What condition did Joe Paterno suffer from?", "rewrite": "What condition did Joe Paterno suffer from?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jay Paterno Joseph Vincent \"Jay\" Paterno Jr. is an American football coach who was most recently the passing game coordinator and quarterbacks coach for the Penn State Nittany Lions football team and his father Joe Paterno, former head coach of the team. Also active in politics, Paterno unsuccessfully sought the Democratic Party nomination for Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania in 2014. He is currently a member of the Penn State board of trustees. Paterno played on the Penn State Nittany Lions football team from 1986-1990 under his father Joe Paterno. He was a reserve quarterback during his senior year, in which he lettered. He also played for State College Area High School. Paterno was on Penn State's staff for 17 seasons, 12 of which he served as the quarterbacks coach. He was the mastermind for creating Penn State's \"HD offense\" which utilized skill players to touch the ball in a variety of ways. Derrick Williams is one of many players who thrived in this system. He also coached Michael Robinson to a Heisman Trophy finalist season in 2005. Paterno also served as the tight ends coach and recruiting coordinator. Prior to being on the PSU staff, he served as a graduate assistant at Virginia from 1990 to 1992, wide receivers and tight ends coach at Connecticut in 1993, and as the quarterbacks coach at James Madison in 1994. Paterno's coaching career at Penn State came to an end following the hiring of new head coach Bill O'Brien on January 7, 2012. In 2011 Paterno was named best quarterbacks coach in the Big Ten by rivals.com. In 2008, he was named one of the best offensive coaches in the country following a Rose Bowl season. Since his father's death and his dismissal, Paterno has written several guest columns.", "Sue Paterno Suzanne Pohland \"Sue\" Paterno (; born February 14, 1940), sometimes referred to as \"SuePa\", is an American philanthropist. She is the widow of football coach Joe Paterno, who led the Penn State Nittany Lions from 1966 to 2011. Suzanne Pohland was born on February 14, 1940 in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. She studied English literature at Penn State University, where she met then-assistant coach Joe Paterno. Shortly after her graduation in 1962, Joe and Sue were married. She taught at a local school in Centre County, Pennsylvania for a year before leaving to give birth to her first child, Diana. Joe and Sue had 5 children together: Diana, Mary Kay, David, Scott, and Jay; they all graduated from Penn State. Together, Joe and Sue Paterno have donated millions of dollars to Penn State and to other charities, most notably, the Special Olympics. In 2010, Sue Paterno led the charge to build a Roman Catholic student faith center on the Penn State University Park campus. The Suzanne Pohland Paterno Catholic Student Faith Center opened in 2012.", "At the meetings, Erickson received harsh criticism from alumni over the firing of Joe Paterno, and also received widespread criticism from the media for attempting to shift the focus away from the university. After the Freeh report's release, local organizations called for the removal of the Joe Paterno statue outside Beaver Stadium. A small plane towed a banner over campus, reading \"Take the Statue Down or We Will\". After some days of mixed messages, the school removed the statue on July 22, in front of a crowd of student onlookers. The statue was reportedly put in storage. Erickson said the statue had become \"a source of division and an obstacle to healing\" but made a distinction between it and the Paterno Library, also on campus. The $13 million 1997 library expansion, partially funded by a $4 million gift from Paterno and his wife Sue, \"remains a tribute to Joe and Sue Paterno's commitment to Penn State's student body and academic success, and it highlights the positive impacts coach Paterno had on the university... Thus I feel strongly that the library's name should remain unchanged,\" Erickson said in the statement. A few Penn State students, angered over Spanier's role in the 2001 incident as well as his statement of support for Curley and Schultz, created a Facebook page, \"Fire Graham Spanier\", to call on Penn State's Board of Trustees to fire him. An online petition at change.org calling for Spanier's ouster garnered over 1,700 signatures in four days. After Paterno's ouster was announced on live television, students and non-students protested near the Penn State campus. Sources estimate 10,000 people protested to support Paterno, with some tipping over a WTAJ news van and flicking cigarettes at gasoline spilling from it.", "Statue of Joe Paterno Joe Paterno is a bronze sculpture of Joe Paterno, former head coach of the Penn State Nittany Lions football team. It was located on the northeast side of Beaver Stadium on the campus of the Pennsylvania State University in State College, Pennsylvania until it was removed in 2012 in the aftermath of the Penn State child sex abuse scandal. The statue was commissioned by friends of Paterno and his wife Sue in recognition of his contributions to the university and was unveiled on November 2, 2001. It was sculpted by Angelo Di Maria of Reading, Pennsylvania and took 2\u20133 months to complete. The statue is high and weighs . It was accompanied by a stone wall in three sections. The left section of the wall read, \"Joseph Vincent Paterno: Educator, Coach, Humanitarian\". The center section showed a bas-relief of players running behind Paterno. On the right was a quote from Paterno, \"They ask me what I'd like written about me when I'm gone. I hope they write I made Penn State a better place, not just that I was a good football coach. \" The right section also featured plaques with lists of games Paterno had coached at Penn State from 1966 to 2011. Following the 2011 Penn State child sex abuse scandal, there were widespread calls for the statue to be removed, including by Paterno's friend and longtime Florida State coach Bobby Bowden. At one point, an anonymous individual chartered a plane to fly over State College for several hours with a banner that read \"Take the Statue Down or We Will.\" On July 22, 2012, six months after Paterno's death, the university announced it had removed the statue and \"store[d] it in a secure location\", citing that it had become a \"source of division and an obstacle to healing\".", "Sue and Joe Paterno discuss a Sugar Bowl during the 1970s, at which Sandusky played with their young children at a hotel pool while Paterno was preparing for the game. She presumes that her husband would not have let Sandusky do so had he known that he was a pedophile ; he tells her \"I was working. I wasn't focused on the goddamn pool\". That night, however, he has a nightmare about the memory. Not on the sidelines for the first time since 1965, Paterno watches on television as Nebraska defeats Penn State. Paterno is diagnosed with fatal lung cancer. Driving by the stadium after the MRI, he sees people next to the statue argue about Paterno's legacy. Another alleged victim tells Ganim that he told Paterno that Sandusky abused him in 1976. On September 8, 2012, it was reported that ICM Partners would take a package for a film about Joe Paterno starring Al Pacino as Paterno. On January 16, 2013, it was reported that Brian De Palma would direct the film. HBO subsequently picked up the film, but on September 19, 2014, it was reported that the network had suspended pre-production on the project due to budget issues. On June 5, 2017, it was reported that the film was once again moving forward with Pacino starring and Barry Levinson directing. In June 2017, Riley Keough, Kathy Baker, and Greg Grunberg joined the cast. On July 10, 2017, Annie Parisse joined the cast. On July 16, 2017, it was reported that the film had begun production. The music is composed by Evgueni Galperine and Sacha Galperine who recently worked with Barry Levinson in \"The Wizard of Lies\". The score has been released at Lakeshore Records."], "answer": {"text": "In November 2011, Scott Paterno reported that his father had a treatable form of lung cancer. On January 13, 2012,", "answer_start": 971}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Joe Paterno become head coash?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_324bcbc82136462cbeebda5fb8737997_0_q#2", "question": "When did Joe Paterno die?", "rewrite": "When did Joe Paterno die?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sue Paterno Suzanne Pohland \"Sue\" Paterno (; born February 14, 1940), sometimes referred to as \"SuePa\", is an American philanthropist. She is the widow of football coach Joe Paterno, who led the Penn State Nittany Lions from 1966 to 2011. Suzanne Pohland was born on February 14, 1940 in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. She studied English literature at Penn State University, where she met then-assistant coach Joe Paterno. Shortly after her graduation in 1962, Joe and Sue were married. She taught at a local school in Centre County, Pennsylvania for a year before leaving to give birth to her first child, Diana. Joe and Sue had 5 children together: Diana, Mary Kay, David, Scott, and Jay; they all graduated from Penn State. Together, Joe and Sue Paterno have donated millions of dollars to Penn State and to other charities, most notably, the Special Olympics. In 2010, Sue Paterno led the charge to build a Roman Catholic student faith center on the Penn State University Park campus. The Suzanne Pohland Paterno Catholic Student Faith Center opened in 2012.", "Statue of Joe Paterno Joe Paterno is a bronze sculpture of Joe Paterno, former head coach of the Penn State Nittany Lions football team. It was located on the northeast side of Beaver Stadium on the campus of the Pennsylvania State University in State College, Pennsylvania until it was removed in 2012 in the aftermath of the Penn State child sex abuse scandal. The statue was commissioned by friends of Paterno and his wife Sue in recognition of his contributions to the university and was unveiled on November 2, 2001. It was sculpted by Angelo Di Maria of Reading, Pennsylvania and took 2\u20133 months to complete. The statue is high and weighs . It was accompanied by a stone wall in three sections. The left section of the wall read, \"Joseph Vincent Paterno: Educator, Coach, Humanitarian\". The center section showed a bas-relief of players running behind Paterno. On the right was a quote from Paterno, \"They ask me what I'd like written about me when I'm gone. I hope they write I made Penn State a better place, not just that I was a good football coach. \" The right section also featured plaques with lists of games Paterno had coached at Penn State from 1966 to 2011. Following the 2011 Penn State child sex abuse scandal, there were widespread calls for the statue to be removed, including by Paterno's friend and longtime Florida State coach Bobby Bowden. At one point, an anonymous individual chartered a plane to fly over State College for several hours with a banner that read \"Take the Statue Down or We Will.\" On July 22, 2012, six months after Paterno's death, the university announced it had removed the statue and \"store[d] it in a secure location\", citing that it had become a \"source of division and an obstacle to healing\".", "Paterno (film) Paterno is a 2018 American television drama film directed by Barry Levinson. It stars Al Pacino as former Penn State football coach Joe Paterno, and his career leading up to his dismissal following the university's child sex abuse scandal in 2011. Riley Keough, Kathy Baker, Greg Grunberg and Annie Parisse also star. The film premiered on HBO on April 7, 2018. As Joe Paterno enters an MRI machine in November 2011 he recalls events in his life. On October 29, 2011 Paterno wins his 409th game as head coach of the Penn State Nittany Lions football team. During 61 years at Penn State University, he helped the former \"cow college\" quintuple its financial endowment and build Paterno Library. At the age of 84, Paterno is so beloved as \"a coach, an educator, and a humanitarian\" that a statue is outside Beaver Stadium, and so powerful that when university president Graham Spanier and athletic director Tim Curley asked Paterno to retire in 2005, he refused. Inside the stadium, Spanier, Curley, and vice president Gary Schultz worry about a grand jury investigating accusations of child sexual abuse against Jerry Sandusky, a retired assistant coach. Six days after Penn State defeats Illinois, \"The Patriot-News\" reporter Sara Ganim learns that the grand jury's presentment also indicts Curley and Schultz. Although he is so traumatized by the abuse he suffered that he does not want his mother to read the presentment, high school student Aaron Fisher, known in Ganim's articles as \"Victim 1\", was the first to publicly testify against Sandusky.", "Jay Paterno Joseph Vincent \"Jay\" Paterno Jr. is an American football coach who was most recently the passing game coordinator and quarterbacks coach for the Penn State Nittany Lions football team and his father Joe Paterno, former head coach of the team. Also active in politics, Paterno unsuccessfully sought the Democratic Party nomination for Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania in 2014. He is currently a member of the Penn State board of trustees. Paterno played on the Penn State Nittany Lions football team from 1986-1990 under his father Joe Paterno. He was a reserve quarterback during his senior year, in which he lettered. He also played for State College Area High School. Paterno was on Penn State's staff for 17 seasons, 12 of which he served as the quarterbacks coach. He was the mastermind for creating Penn State's \"HD offense\" which utilized skill players to touch the ball in a variety of ways. Derrick Williams is one of many players who thrived in this system. He also coached Michael Robinson to a Heisman Trophy finalist season in 2005. Paterno also served as the tight ends coach and recruiting coordinator. Prior to being on the PSU staff, he served as a graduate assistant at Virginia from 1990 to 1992, wide receivers and tight ends coach at Connecticut in 1993, and as the quarterbacks coach at James Madison in 1994. Paterno's coaching career at Penn State came to an end following the hiring of new head coach Bill O'Brien on January 7, 2012. In 2011 Paterno was named best quarterbacks coach in the Big Ten by rivals.com. In 2008, he was named one of the best offensive coaches in the country following a Rose Bowl season. Since his father's death and his dismissal, Paterno has written several guest columns.", "At the meetings, Erickson received harsh criticism from alumni over the firing of Joe Paterno, and also received widespread criticism from the media for attempting to shift the focus away from the university. After the Freeh report's release, local organizations called for the removal of the Joe Paterno statue outside Beaver Stadium. A small plane towed a banner over campus, reading \"Take the Statue Down or We Will\". After some days of mixed messages, the school removed the statue on July 22, in front of a crowd of student onlookers. The statue was reportedly put in storage. Erickson said the statue had become \"a source of division and an obstacle to healing\" but made a distinction between it and the Paterno Library, also on campus. The $13 million 1997 library expansion, partially funded by a $4 million gift from Paterno and his wife Sue, \"remains a tribute to Joe and Sue Paterno's commitment to Penn State's student body and academic success, and it highlights the positive impacts coach Paterno had on the university... Thus I feel strongly that the library's name should remain unchanged,\" Erickson said in the statement. A few Penn State students, angered over Spanier's role in the 2001 incident as well as his statement of support for Curley and Schultz, created a Facebook page, \"Fire Graham Spanier\", to call on Penn State's Board of Trustees to fire him. An online petition at change.org calling for Spanier's ouster garnered over 1,700 signatures in four days. After Paterno's ouster was announced on live television, students and non-students protested near the Penn State campus. Sources estimate 10,000 people protested to support Paterno, with some tipping over a WTAJ news van and flicking cigarettes at gasoline spilling from it."], "answer": {"text": "Paterno was hospitalized in State College for complications relating to his cancer treatment, and he remained there until his death nine days later on January 22, 2012.", "answer_start": 1086}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Joe Paterno become head coash?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What condition did Joe Paterno suffer from?", "answer": {"text": "In November 2011, Scott Paterno reported that his father had a treatable form of lung cancer. On January 13, 2012,", "answer_start": 971, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_39192746e949490b961b3d405735a703_0_q#0", "question": "What television shows did Seth MacFarlane produce?", "rewrite": "What television shows did Seth MacFarlane produce?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2009, a special televised performance show aired entitled \"Family Guy Presents Seth & Alex's Almost Live Comedy Show\", in which voice actors Alex Borstein and MacFarlane performed songs from the show, as well as a parody of Lady Gaga's song \"Poker Face\" in the voice of Marlee Matlin, who appeared on stage as a guest during the performance. Some new animated gags also appeared in the show. On July 22, 2007, in an interview with \"The Hollywood Reporter\", MacFarlane announced that he may start working on a feature film, although \"nothing's official. \" In \"TV Week\" on July 18, 2008, MacFarlane confirmed plans to produce a theatrically released \"Family Guy\" feature film sometime \"within the next year. \" He came up with an idea for the story, \"something that you could not do on the show, which [to him] is the only reason to do a movie.\" He later went on to say he imagines the film to be \"an old-style musical with dialogue\" similar to \"The Sound of Music\", saying that he would \"really be trying to capture, musically, that feel.\" On October 13, 2011, Seth MacFarlane confirmed that a deal for a \"Family Guy\" film had been made, and that it would be written by himself and series co-producer Ricky Blitt. On November 30, 2012, MacFarlane confirmed plans to produce a \"Family Guy\" film. The project was put on hold while MacFarlane worked on \"Ted 2\". On August 10, 2018, Fox announced that a live-action/animated film based on the series is in development. In July 2019, Seth MacFarlane confirmed that there will be a \"Family Guy\" movie.", "The Former Life of Brian \" The Former Life of Brian\" is the eleventh episode of the sixth season of \"Family Guy\". It was originally broadcast on April 27, 2008. The episode follows the Griffins' anthropomorphic dog, Brian (Seth MacFarlane), as he discovers that he is the father of a 13-year-old boy named Dylan (Seth Green). Dylan's mother, Tracy (Harvey Fierstein), leaves him with Brian after they meet and Dylan starts causing mischief at the Griffin's house. The episode was written by Steve Callaghan and it was directed by Pete Michels. The episode guest starred Harvey Fierstein, Chace Crawford, Erinn Hayes and Max Burkholder. Recurring voice actors Patrick Warburton, writer Alec Sulkin, episode writer Steve Callaghan, writer John Viener and show creator Seth MacFarlane's sister Rachael MacFarlane made minor appearances. It received mixed reviews from critics. Brian (Seth MacFarlane) decides to visit his old girlfriend Tracy Flannigan (Harvey Fierstein), who reveals that she has a son named Dylan (Seth Green) and that he is the father. Dylan proves to be quite the unruly teenager and Brian laments to Peter (MacFarlane) and Lois (Alex Borstein) about his experiences with him. Despite his objections, they attempt to convince him that he should take responsibility for his son. At this time, Dylan arrives at the Griffins' house, explaining that Tracy dropped him off for Brian to raise. There he begins tearing the house apart and acts hostile toward everyone, even attacking the Evil Monkey in Chris's closet. He especially acts hostile towards Brian, who decides to take control and kick him out.", "In Full Swing (Seth MacFarlane album) In Full Swing is the fourth studio album by Seth MacFarlane. It was released on September 15, 2017, through Republic Records and Verve Records. The record was primarily produced by Joel McNeely and MacFarlane himself, who also serves as the executive producer. Featured artists included on the album are American singer-songwriter Norah Jones and American actress and singer Elizabeth Gillies. The album received two nominations at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album and Best Arrangement, Instrumental and Vocals. On May 23, 2016, MacFarlane announced on his Twitter account that he was recording songs for his new album. On May 28, 2016, he revealed that the songs on the album were arranged by Joel McNeely, whom he had worked with on the previous three albums. On May 30, 2016, MacFarlane revealed that it was his final day of recording at Abbey Road Studios and thanked all the musicians who collaborated with him on the album. On August 17, 2017, the album was officially announced and was set to be released a month later. The album's first lead single, \"That Face\", was released on August 17, 2017. The album's second single, \"Almost Like Being in Love\", was released on August 28, 2017. The album's third and final single, \"Have You Met Miss Jones?\", was released on September 7, 2017. \"In Full Swing\" received mostly positive reviews from music critics. AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote: \"Standing in contrast to the moody 2015 set \" No One Ever Tells You\", 2017's \"In Full Swing\" contains some of the sunny brio its title suggests. Chalk it up to the songs Seth MacFarlane selects, of course.", "Family Guy (season 6) \" Family Guy\" sixth season first aired on September 23, 2007 on Fox and ended on May 4, 2008. The season includes 12 episodes and was shortened due to creator Seth MacFarlane's participation in the 2007\u20132008 Writers Guild of America strike, which resulted in Fox airing episodes without MacFarlane doing the final work. The episode \"Lois Kills Stewie\" was the last episode completed before the strike. When the strike ended in February 2008, Fox had already aired three episodes without any input from MacFarlane. Episodes 2-8 of the sixth season are included on the Volume 6 DVD, which was released on October 21, 2008, and episodes 9-12 are included on the Volume 7 DVD, which was released on June 16, 2009. The season aired in the UK from May 4, 2008 - June 15, 2008 on BBC Three. The executive producers for the sixth production season are Seth MacFarlane, David A. Goodman, Chris Sheridan and Danny Smith. Despite this being the show's sixth television season, only four episodes from the sixth production season were aired as part of it, with the remainder being held off for seasons seven and eight as a result of the WGA strike. Goodman and Sheridan continued to serve as showrunners. In November 2007, \"Variety\" reported that creator Seth MacFarlane had joined the 2007\u20132008 Writers Guild of America strike and refused to complete more \"Family Guy\" episodes. A spokesperson for Fox said: \"Our hope is that he returns to work and completes his non-writing obligations on those episodes\". \" IGN\" reported that Fox would air three episodes of \"Family Guy\" without MacFarlane doing the final work. MacFarlane noted that Fox could legally do that, but thought it was a \"colossal dick move\", and said that \"They've never done anything like this before [...]", "Family Guy: Live in Vegas Family Guy: Live in Vegas is a soundtrack album for the American animated television series \"Family Guy\". It was released on April 26, 2005 by Geffen Records. It was composed by Walter Murphy and creator Seth MacFarlane. The album features only one song from the series, the theme song, the rest of the songs were composed exclusively for the album. It features vocals from Seth MacFarlane, Alex Borstein, Seth Green, Mike Henry, Mila Kunis, Adam West and Lori Alan, as well as Jason Alexander, Patti LuPone and Haylie Duff as guest stars. It includes Rat Pack- and Broadway-inspired songs. The album also came with a DVD featuring the music video for Stewie's \"Sexy Party\" as well as \"making-of\" featurettes for the album and the video. Seth MacFarlane described the album as \"a blend of the rich, lush arrangements of the classic era of Rat Pack Vegas shows combined with the fart jokes of today\". MacFarlane co-produced the album and co-wrote several tracks. It features guest stars Jason Alexander, Patti LuPone and Haylie Duff. The album includes a cover of \"The Last Time I Saw Paris\" by Jerome Kern as well as a medley of theme songs from 1980s shows such as \"Diff'rent Strokes\", \" Who's the Boss\", \"Growing Pains\" and \"Charles in Charge\". The album is arranged and orchestrated by Walter Murphy and all songs are produced by MacFarlane and Murphy. All the voice actors from the show appear on the album voicing their characters. The album includes a DVD with the music video of Stewie's \"Sexy Party\" and behind the scenes of making the album and the video. The DVD also includes a trailer for \"American Dad!\" and the fourth season of \"Family Guy\"."], "answer": {"text": "MacFarlane was the executive producer of a live-action sitcom starring Rob Corddry called The Winner.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_39192746e949490b961b3d405735a703_0_q#1", "question": "What was the show about?", "rewrite": "What was the show, The Winner, about?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Other nominees: Winner: \" Bruch Concertos: Vol. II\", James Ehnes, Mario Bernardi, Orchestre symphonique de Montreal Other nominees: Winner: \" Liszt: Paganini Studie & Schubert March Transcriptions\", Marc-Andr\u00e9 Hamelin Other nominees: Winner: \"Mozart Requiem\", Les Violons de Roy Other nominees: Winner: \"Exit\", K-OS \u2013 Marina Dempster, Nelson Garcia, Steve Goode, Margaret Malandruccolo Other nominees: Winner: \"R\u00eaver mieux\", Daniel B\u00e9langer Other nominees: Winner: \"Allegro\", Robert Michaels Other nominees: Winner: \"The Eminem Show\", Eminem Other nominees: Winner: \" Tales from the Blue Lounge\", Richard Underhill Other nominees: Winner: \"Live in Paris\", Diana Krall Other nominees: Winner: \" Life on Earth\", Renee Rosnes Other nominees: Winner: \"Let Go\", Avril Lavigne Other nominees: Winner: \"Gravity\", Our Lady Peace Other nominees: Winner: \"Chicken Scratch\", Zubot and Dawson Other nominees: Winner: \"Unravel\", Lynn Miles Other nominees: Winner: \"Balagane\", Jeszcze Raz Other nominees: Winner: \"Complicated\", Avril Lavigne Other nominees: Winner: \"Requiem for a Charred Skull\", Bramwell Tovey, \"Voices on High\" Other nominees: Winner: \"I'm Gonna Getcha Good!\", Shania Twain Other nominees: Winner: \"Billie Jean\", The Sound Bluntz Other nominees: Winner: \" The Way I Feel\", Remy Shand Other nominees: Winner: \" Monsters in the Closet\", Swollen Members Other nominees: Winner: \"You Won't See Me Cry\", Sonia Collymore", "The 2017 Ella Baker award winner was Congressman John Lewis. The Madam C.J. Walker Award, named for the pioneering entrepreneur and philanthropist, recognizes exceptional innovation in supporting and sustaining Black literature. The 2018 Madam C.J. Walker award winner was Dr. Charles Rowell, founder and editor of the literary journal \"Callaloo.\" The Hurston/Wright Foundation honors excellence in writing by Black college students with the Award for College Writers. The award, sponsored by Amistad books, a division of Harper Collins Publishers, is presented in the categories of fiction and poetry. The 2018 Award for College Writers recipients were Desiree Evans in fiction and Christell Victoria Roach in poetry. Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winners Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalist Nominee Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees", "Richard Spooner (equestrian) Richard Spooner is an internationally successful equestrian. He competes in the sport of show jumping on the West Coast of the United States and in Europe. In June 2006 at Spruce Meadows, he cleared the $1-million mark, the 10th rider to reach that milestone in the show's history. In 2010 Spooner was featured in the television series \"A Rider's Story\" along with fellow Grand Prix show jumper Ashlee Bond. 2005 Winner \u2013 (Quirino 3) $50,000 HBO World Cup Grand Prix of Del Mar 1 October Winner \u2013 (Ezrah) $30,000 AriatGrand Prix 4 February Winner \u2013 (Hilton Flight) $75,000 WCQ Grand Prix 6 February Winner \u2013 (Quirino 3 and Millennium Tied) $30,000 AriatGrand Prix 13 February Winner \u2013 (Ezrah) $30,000 Ariat Grand Prix March 11 Winner - (Ezrah) $150,000 Ford World Cup Grand Prix March 13 Winner \u2013 (Robinson) $25,000 Spring Classic I San Juan Capistrano, California April 3 Winner \u2013 (Millennium) $35,000 Spring Classic III San Juan Capistrano, California April 16 Winner \u2013 (Richard Spooner) Pacific Coast Rider of the Year 2004 Winner - (Bradford, 2nd on Hilton Flight, and 3rd on Robinson) $50,000 EMO Grand Prix 1 February Winner \u2013 (Robinson) $25,000 AriatGrand Prix 13 February Winner \u2013 (Robinson) $25,000 AriatGrand Prix March 5 Winner - (Hilton Flight) $150,000 Ford World Cup Grand Prix March 14 Winner - (Robinson) Round 1 OLYMPIC TRIALS May 14 Winner - (Hilton Flight) Round 1 OLYMPIC TRIALS May 14 Winner - (Robinson) Round 6 OLYMPIC TRIALS May 23 Winner \u2013 (Bradford and 2nd on Sunrise)", "The radio station runs live local news every hour from 6am till 7pm weekdays (every half-hour from 6am to 9am and 4pm to 7pm), and from 9am till 1pm on weekends with live traffic reports from 6am till 7pm. Winner Gold Presenter of the Year (under 2m TSA) (Trevor and Caroline) Winner Gold Station Imaging Winner Bronze Unsung hero Winner Gold Presenter of the Year (under 2M TSA) (Trevor and Caroline) Winner Silver Breakfast show of the year (under 2m TSA) Winner Specialist Programme of the Year - The Sunday Roast with Caroline Silver JACK in Afghanistan The Return Finalist Caroline Verdon News Journalist Finalist Station of the Year Winner Station Imaging Winner Station of the Year 300,000 to 1 Million TSA Winner Trevor Marshall Presenter of the Year 300,000 to 1 Million TSA Finalist Breakfast Show of the Year 300,000 to 1 Million TSA Winner Gold 2 Strangers and a Wedding Best Competition Winner Bronze News Journalist of The Year Winner Bronze The Sunday Roast Best News and Current Affairs Programme Finalist Best Station Imaging Winner Newcomer of the year Jessica Parker Finalist Best Newsteam/Newsroom <750,000 Winner Station of the Year 300,000 to 1 Million TSA Winner Social Action Initiative of the Year JACK in Afghanistan Winner Trevor Marshall Presenter of the Year 300,000 to 1 Million TSA Finalist Feature(s) of the Year JACK in Afghanistan Finalist Station Imaging Winner Bottle PR Social Media Award Winner Gold Jack in Afghanistan Social Issues / Current Events Finalist Breakfast Show of the Year Finalist Community Programming JACK in Afghanistan Finalist Programmer Award Ian Walker Winner Silver Social Issues/ Current Events Ali\u2019s Cancer Diaries Winner Gold Station Imaging Winner Silver Best Community Programming Ali\u2019s Cancer Diaries Finalist Station of the Year Winner Best Special Programme Ali\u2019s Cancer Diaries Winner Best Imaging Finalist Station of the Year Finalist Best Promotional / Advertising Campaign", "$35,000 LA International Winner - (Robinson) Grand Prix $40,000 LA National Winner - (Richard Spooner) P.C.H.A Grand Prix Rider of the Year Winner - (Robinson) P.C.H.A Grand Prix Horse of the Year Winner - (Richard Spooner) AGA West Coast Rider of the Year 1997 Winner - (Robinson) Cosequin Grand Prix of Indio Winner - (Kirk) $150,000.00 Grand Prix of Indio Winner - (Kirk) Grand Prix, San Juan Capistrano Gold Medal Winner - (Robinson) Nations Cup, - Falsterbo, Sweden Winner - (Robinson) Grand Prix Ball of Fire, -Falsterbo, Sweden Silver Medal Winner - (Robinson) Nations Cup, - Gijon, Spain Winner - (Kirk) Lala Cup, - Monterey, Mexico Winner - (Kirk) P.C.H.S.A. Grand Prix Horse of the Year Winner - (Richard Spooner) P.C.H.S.A. Grand Prix Rider of the Year 1996 Winner - (Kirk) Grand Prix, San Juan Capistrano Winner - (Kirk) Grand Prix \u201cThe Oaks\u201d Winner - (Robinson) Grand Prix, Pebble Beach Winner - (Robinson) Grand Prix, \u201cThe Oaks International Winner - (Robinson) Grand Prix, Cow Palace Winner - (Kirk) California Horse of the Year Winner - (Richard Spooner) P.C.H.A. Grand Prix Rider of the Year 1990-1995 Winner of hundreds of national jumper classes and jumper Championships 1989 Worked for George Morris and later went on to work for Ian Millar. 1988 Winner - United States Equestrian Team Equitation Finals Winner - Bronze and Silver Medals from the USET for winning over Twelve medal classes throughout 1998 Reserve Champion American Horse Show Association Equitation Finals"], "answer": {"text": "The plot has a man named Glen discussing the time he matured at 32 and has him pursuing his only love after she moves in next door.", "answer_start": 102}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What television shows did Seth MacFarlane produce?", "answer": {"text": "MacFarlane was the executive producer of a live-action sitcom starring Rob Corddry called The Winner.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_39192746e949490b961b3d405735a703_0_q#2", "question": "Was this a successful show?", "rewrite": "Was The Winner a successful television show?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["On 1 March 1992, Francesco Salvi appeared in comics in the comic magazine \"Topolino\", issue 1982, in the comic strip \"Pippo e l'ospite d'onore\" (\"Goofy and the guest star\"), which Salvi co-authored. In the same year, he hosted the Italia 1 television show \"La strana coppia\" (\"The Odd Couple\"), together with fellow Italian comedian Massimo Boldi. During 1995 and 1996, Salvi worked with Disney for the radio program \"Radiotopogiro\", aired by Rai Radio 2. He also took part in Antonio Ricci's satirical television show \"Striscia la notizia\", both as host and as fake cultural correspondent. In 1997, he voiced the title-character in the Rai animation series \"Lupo Alberto\". In 2001 Salvi played his first dramatic role in the film \"The Comeback\", and was nominated for Silver Ribbon for best actor. From 2004 he started working in the successful television series \"Un medico in famiglia\", in which he starred for three seasons. In 2006, Francesco Salvi co-hosted the third edition of the reality show \"La Fattoria\" (Italian version of \"The Farm\"), set in Morocco. In the same year he starred in the television shows \"Suonare Stella\" and \"Comedy Club\" (where he taught comedy to Italian singer Syria) and had a significant role in the crime film \"10th & Wolf\". In 2008, Salvi was the recipient of the \"Penisola Sorrentina Arturo Esposito\" Best Male Character Award. Francesco Salvi is the most cited author in Gino Vignali and Michele Mozzati's comedy quotes anthology \"Anche le formiche nel loro piccolo si incazzano\" (", "Poornima Indrajith Poornima Indrajith (n\u00e9e Mohan) is an Indian actress, Fashion Designer, television anchor and talk show host who acted in Malayalam television serials and films. She started her career as a model and then went on to host the music countdown show \"Pepsi Top Ten\" on Asianet. She acted in many successful television serials such as \"Oomakkuyil\", \"Sthree oru Santhwanam\", \" Venalmazha\", \"Nizhalukal\" and \"Kolangal\" in Tamil. She has also acted in a few movies, including \"Meghamalhar\", \"Valliettan\" and \"Randam Bhavam\". She received the best supporting actress award for her role in \"Meghamalhar\". In late 2000's she returned toto hosting with the show \"Mega Swarnamazha\" in Surya TV. Later she hosted the successful television shows like \"Kadha Ithu Vare\" , \"Idavelayil\" ,\"Kuttikalodano Kali\" and \"Made for each other season 2\" on the channel Mazhavil Manorama. She has appeared in many advertisements too. She is a talented dancer also. She has now become a fashion designer. She runs a boutique by the name \"Pranaah\" in Kochi. She writes a regular column named \"In Style\" for \"Chithrabhumi\", a supplement of Mathrubhumi. She is born to Mohan and Shanthi, in a Kerala settled Tamil family. Her mother tongue is Tamil. Her father is a practicing lawyer and her mother runs a dance school. She has a younger sister Priya Mohan, who is also an actress. Poornima is married to Malayalam actor Indrajith.", "His first works included comic shows like \u201cZehu Ze\u201d, \u201cShemesh\u201d, \u201cZahal 1\u201d which described the army\u2019s radio station, and \u201cHalomot Behakizis\u201d. In 2003, Reshef Levi wrote a scenario for \u201cHadmaot Shel Amsalem\u201d (Tears of Amsalem), which described the life of a mobster whose father had to enter to a nursing home, but caused troubles there. \u201cHadmaot Shel Amsalem\u201d was taken off the screen soon after it started because of financial problems. However, because the success of \u201cHadmaot Shel Amsalem\u201d, in 2007 Reshef Levi produced another television show, \u201cHa Borer\u201d (The Arbitrator) that was based on the style of \u201cHadmaot Shel Amsalem\u201d. Reshef Levi produced it with . This television show tells a story of a crime family and takes place in the seedy underbelly of society. This show won great favor among Israeli audiences and is considered one of the most successful television shows of all time in Israel. In 2008, Reshef Levi director and wrote \u201cLost Islands\u201d, which was nominated for 14 Ophir Awards, won four of them, and considered as a blockbuster in Israel. In 2009, Reshef Levi was appointed as the official playwright of Habima Theatre, the national theatre of Israel. During these years, he presented a number of plays there. His last film, \u201cHunting Elephants\u201d, which came out in 2013, could not reproduce the same success that \u201cLost Islands\u201d achieved. The big number of the critics gave him negative reviews, despite, the film\u2019s high budget relatively to a domestic film, and the participation of known actors like Moshe Ivgy, and world-famous actors like Patrick Stewart.", "Drew Barrymore started acting at age three. During her childhood she battled with drugs, but today she continues to act in films. Natalie Portman took a small break in acting to get a bachelor's degree in Psychology from Harvard University before continuing her career as an actress. Rider Strong, known as \"Shawn Hunter\" in \"Boy Meets World\", was educated at Columbia University and now runs a successful blog and published a graphic novel. Neil Patrick Harris got his acting start in \"Doogie Howser, M.D.\" He continues to act in television, films and theater. Jonathan Lipnicki, known mostly for the \"Stuart Little\" films, now successfully competes in Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Sara Gilbert is known for her role on \"Roseanne\" and is now successful as a talk show host on \"The Talk.\" Also from \"Rosanne\", Michael Fishman continued to work in film, but behind the scenes and has since been nominated for an Emmy for the work he did in \"Sports Science\". Roddy McDowall, who had a long and distinguished career including as the regular star of the \"Planet of the Apes\" series; Micky Dolenz, who started his career as a child star in the 1950s, grew up to be a musician of the successful 1960s pop group The Monkees, which had its own successful television show; Ron Howard, who, in addition to being the star of both of the long running \"The Andy Griffith Show\" and \"Happy Days\" television series, became an Academy Award-winning director in adulthood; Elijah Wood, who continued his career successfully into adulthood starring as Frodo Baggins in \"The Lord of the Rings\" film series and starring as Ryan Newman in the television series \"Wilfred\".", "Thousands of people packed the stadium to watch the final episode on the stadium's JumboTron. Five seventh-season episodes were nominated for nine Emmys, and the series as a whole was the first syndicated television series nominated for Outstanding Drama Series. To this day, \"The Next Generation\" is the only syndicated drama to be nominated in this category. \" All Good Things...\" won for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Special Visual Effects, and \"\" won for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Drama Series. \" All Good Things...\" also won the second of the series' two Hugo Awards. \" All Good Things...\" also achieved the highest Nielsen rating for all of Season 7, with a rating of 17.4. Although the cast members were contracted for eight seasons, Paramount ended \"The Next Generation\" after seven, which disappointed and puzzled some of the actors, and was an unusual decision for a successful television show. Paramount then made films using the cast, which it believed would be less successful if the show were still on television. An eighth season also would likely have reduced the show's profitability due to higher cast salaries and a lower price per episode when sold as strip programming. The show's strong ratings continued to the end; the 1994 series finale was ranked number two among all shows that week, between hits \"Home Improvement\" and \"Seinfeld\", and was watched by over 30 million viewers. \" TNG\" was the most-watched \"Star Trek\" show, with a peak audience of 11.5 million during its fifth season prior to the launch of \"DS9\". Between 1988 and 1992 it picked up half a million to a million additional viewers per year. Adjusted Nielsen ratings for \"Star Trek\" TV shows: Science fiction authors noted how \"Star Trek: The Next Generation\" influenced their careers. \"Star Trek:"], "answer": {"text": "The show ran on Fox for six episodes in Spring 2007.", "answer_start": 283}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What television shows did Seth MacFarlane produce?", "answer": {"text": "MacFarlane was the executive producer of a live-action sitcom starring Rob Corddry called The Winner.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the show about?", "answer": {"text": "The plot has a man named Glen discussing the time he matured at 32 and has him pursuing his only love after she moves in next door.", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_39192746e949490b961b3d405735a703_0_q#3", "question": "Was there another show produced by MacFarlane?", "rewrite": "Besides The Winner, was there another show produced by Seth MacFarlane?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Family Guy: Live in Vegas Family Guy: Live in Vegas is a soundtrack album for the American animated television series \"Family Guy\". It was released on April 26, 2005 by Geffen Records. It was composed by Walter Murphy and creator Seth MacFarlane. The album features only one song from the series, the theme song, the rest of the songs were composed exclusively for the album. It features vocals from Seth MacFarlane, Alex Borstein, Seth Green, Mike Henry, Mila Kunis, Adam West and Lori Alan, as well as Jason Alexander, Patti LuPone and Haylie Duff as guest stars. It includes Rat Pack- and Broadway-inspired songs. The album also came with a DVD featuring the music video for Stewie's \"Sexy Party\" as well as \"making-of\" featurettes for the album and the video. Seth MacFarlane described the album as \"a blend of the rich, lush arrangements of the classic era of Rat Pack Vegas shows combined with the fart jokes of today\". MacFarlane co-produced the album and co-wrote several tracks. It features guest stars Jason Alexander, Patti LuPone and Haylie Duff. The album includes a cover of \"The Last Time I Saw Paris\" by Jerome Kern as well as a medley of theme songs from 1980s shows such as \"Diff'rent Strokes\", \" Who's the Boss\", \"Growing Pains\" and \"Charles in Charge\". The album is arranged and orchestrated by Walter Murphy and all songs are produced by MacFarlane and Murphy. All the voice actors from the show appear on the album voicing their characters. The album includes a DVD with the music video of Stewie's \"Sexy Party\" and behind the scenes of making the album and the video. The DVD also includes a trailer for \"American Dad!\" and the fourth season of \"Family Guy\".", "In 2009, a special televised performance show aired entitled \"Family Guy Presents Seth & Alex's Almost Live Comedy Show\", in which voice actors Alex Borstein and MacFarlane performed songs from the show, as well as a parody of Lady Gaga's song \"Poker Face\" in the voice of Marlee Matlin, who appeared on stage as a guest during the performance. Some new animated gags also appeared in the show. On July 22, 2007, in an interview with \"The Hollywood Reporter\", MacFarlane announced that he may start working on a feature film, although \"nothing's official. \" In \"TV Week\" on July 18, 2008, MacFarlane confirmed plans to produce a theatrically released \"Family Guy\" feature film sometime \"within the next year. \" He came up with an idea for the story, \"something that you could not do on the show, which [to him] is the only reason to do a movie.\" He later went on to say he imagines the film to be \"an old-style musical with dialogue\" similar to \"The Sound of Music\", saying that he would \"really be trying to capture, musically, that feel.\" On October 13, 2011, Seth MacFarlane confirmed that a deal for a \"Family Guy\" film had been made, and that it would be written by himself and series co-producer Ricky Blitt. On November 30, 2012, MacFarlane confirmed plans to produce a \"Family Guy\" film. The project was put on hold while MacFarlane worked on \"Ted 2\". On August 10, 2018, Fox announced that a live-action/animated film based on the series is in development. In July 2019, Seth MacFarlane confirmed that there will be a \"Family Guy\" movie.", "The Former Life of Brian \" The Former Life of Brian\" is the eleventh episode of the sixth season of \"Family Guy\". It was originally broadcast on April 27, 2008. The episode follows the Griffins' anthropomorphic dog, Brian (Seth MacFarlane), as he discovers that he is the father of a 13-year-old boy named Dylan (Seth Green). Dylan's mother, Tracy (Harvey Fierstein), leaves him with Brian after they meet and Dylan starts causing mischief at the Griffin's house. The episode was written by Steve Callaghan and it was directed by Pete Michels. The episode guest starred Harvey Fierstein, Chace Crawford, Erinn Hayes and Max Burkholder. Recurring voice actors Patrick Warburton, writer Alec Sulkin, episode writer Steve Callaghan, writer John Viener and show creator Seth MacFarlane's sister Rachael MacFarlane made minor appearances. It received mixed reviews from critics. Brian (Seth MacFarlane) decides to visit his old girlfriend Tracy Flannigan (Harvey Fierstein), who reveals that she has a son named Dylan (Seth Green) and that he is the father. Dylan proves to be quite the unruly teenager and Brian laments to Peter (MacFarlane) and Lois (Alex Borstein) about his experiences with him. Despite his objections, they attempt to convince him that he should take responsibility for his son. At this time, Dylan arrives at the Griffins' house, explaining that Tracy dropped him off for Brian to raise. There he begins tearing the house apart and acts hostile toward everyone, even attacking the Evil Monkey in Chris's closet. He especially acts hostile towards Brian, who decides to take control and kick him out.", "Family Guy (season 6) \" Family Guy\" sixth season first aired on September 23, 2007 on Fox and ended on May 4, 2008. The season includes 12 episodes and was shortened due to creator Seth MacFarlane's participation in the 2007\u20132008 Writers Guild of America strike, which resulted in Fox airing episodes without MacFarlane doing the final work. The episode \"Lois Kills Stewie\" was the last episode completed before the strike. When the strike ended in February 2008, Fox had already aired three episodes without any input from MacFarlane. Episodes 2-8 of the sixth season are included on the Volume 6 DVD, which was released on October 21, 2008, and episodes 9-12 are included on the Volume 7 DVD, which was released on June 16, 2009. The season aired in the UK from May 4, 2008 - June 15, 2008 on BBC Three. The executive producers for the sixth production season are Seth MacFarlane, David A. Goodman, Chris Sheridan and Danny Smith. Despite this being the show's sixth television season, only four episodes from the sixth production season were aired as part of it, with the remainder being held off for seasons seven and eight as a result of the WGA strike. Goodman and Sheridan continued to serve as showrunners. In November 2007, \"Variety\" reported that creator Seth MacFarlane had joined the 2007\u20132008 Writers Guild of America strike and refused to complete more \"Family Guy\" episodes. A spokesperson for Fox said: \"Our hope is that he returns to work and completes his non-writing obligations on those episodes\". \" IGN\" reported that Fox would air three episodes of \"Family Guy\" without MacFarlane doing the final work. MacFarlane noted that Fox could legally do that, but thought it was a \"colossal dick move\", and said that \"They've never done anything like this before [...]", "In Full Swing (Seth MacFarlane album) In Full Swing is the fourth studio album by Seth MacFarlane. It was released on September 15, 2017, through Republic Records and Verve Records. The record was primarily produced by Joel McNeely and MacFarlane himself, who also serves as the executive producer. Featured artists included on the album are American singer-songwriter Norah Jones and American actress and singer Elizabeth Gillies. The album received two nominations at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album and Best Arrangement, Instrumental and Vocals. On May 23, 2016, MacFarlane announced on his Twitter account that he was recording songs for his new album. On May 28, 2016, he revealed that the songs on the album were arranged by Joel McNeely, whom he had worked with on the previous three albums. On May 30, 2016, MacFarlane revealed that it was his final day of recording at Abbey Road Studios and thanked all the musicians who collaborated with him on the album. On August 17, 2017, the album was officially announced and was set to be released a month later. The album's first lead single, \"That Face\", was released on August 17, 2017. The album's second single, \"Almost Like Being in Love\", was released on August 28, 2017. The album's third and final single, \"Have You Met Miss Jones?\", was released on September 7, 2017. \"In Full Swing\" received mostly positive reviews from music critics. AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote: \"Standing in contrast to the moody 2015 set \" No One Ever Tells You\", 2017's \"In Full Swing\" contains some of the sunny brio its title suggests. Chalk it up to the songs Seth MacFarlane selects, of course."], "answer": {"text": "In 2014, MacFarlane executive-produced a two-season, 20-episode series called Blunt Talk for Starz.", "answer_start": 1189}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What television shows did Seth MacFarlane produce?", "answer": {"text": "MacFarlane was the executive producer of a live-action sitcom starring Rob Corddry called The Winner.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the show about?", "answer": {"text": "The plot has a man named Glen discussing the time he matured at 32 and has him pursuing his only love after she moves in next door.", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a successful show?", "answer": {"text": "The show ran on Fox for six episodes in Spring 2007.", "answer_start": 283, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_39192746e949490b961b3d405735a703_0_q#4", "question": "What was this show about?", "rewrite": "What was the show, Blunt Talk, about?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Duncan Birmingham Duncan Birmingham is a writer, director and actor living in Los Angeles. He is currently a consultant and writer on \"Maron\" on IFC and a writer and co-executive producer on \"Blunt Talk\". Birmingham started his career as a \"Rolling Stone\" intern. Later, he was a reporter and editor for various Boston-area newspapers including The Cambridge Chronicle and The Somerville Journal. He was also a reporter and Big Foot expert for The Weekly World News. His fiction has appeared in over a dozen literary magazines like nerve.com, Storychord, Opium, Word Riot and the Oxford Review. He is the author of the blog and subsequent humor book series, \"Pets Who Want To Kill Themselves\". After moving to Los Angeles, Birmingham worked as a writers\u2019 assistant on \"Queer as Folk\" before breaking into feature films. He wrote screenplays for Marc Platt productions, A Thousand Words productions and his spec screenplay \"Swingles\" sold to Paramount and was later on The Black List two years in a row. He then transitioned to TV and has sold projects to ABC and Sony. In 2011, he and Marc Maron wrote a pilot presentation based on Maron\u2019s life that screened in NYC and is the basis for the series \"Maron\" on IFC. Birmingham serves as a writer and executive producer on the show. Birmingham served as a writer and executive producer on the show for two seasons and a writer and consultant for seasons three and four. Birmingham is now co-executive producer on Blunt Talk. He also served as a writer on the David Fincher HBO project, Videosynchrzy. His project \"Foodies\" is in development at AMC with Michael London producing.", "MacFarlane was the executive producer of a live-action sitcom starring Rob Corddry called The Winner. The plot has a man named Glen discussing the time he matured at 32 and has him pursuing his only love after she moves in next door. Glen meets her son and both become good friends. The show ran on Fox for six episodes in Spring 2007. In August 2011, Fox ordered a 13-part updated series of Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey. MacFarlane co-produced the series with Ann Druyan and Steven Soter. The new series is hosted by Neil deGrasse Tyson and began airing on the channel in March 2014, with repeats airing on the National Geographic Channel on the next night. In addition to serving as one of the executive producers, MacFarlane provided voices for characters during the animated portions of the series. In 2013 and 2014, MacFarlane produced one season of a live-action sitcom called Dads. The series, revolves around Eli, played by Seth Green, and Warner, played by Giovanni Ribisi, two successful guys in their 30's whose world is turned upside down when their dads move in with them. MacFarlane, Alec Sulkin and Wellesley Wild executive-produced the series, with Sulkin and Wild writing. In 2014, MacFarlane executive-produced a two-season, 20-episode series called Blunt Talk for Starz. The series followed an English newscaster who moves to Los Angeles with his alcoholic manservant and the baggage of several failed marriages to host a sanctimonious talk show. In 2009 MacFarlane began work on the animated series Bordertown. The series is set in Texas and follows a border patrol agent and a Mexican immigrant, satirizing America's changing cultural landscape. It ran for 13 episodes in the first half of 2016, on Fox.", "Blunt Talk Blunt Talk is an American sitcom on the Starz cable network starring Patrick Stewart, created by Jonathan Ames, and executive produced by Seth MacFarlane. The series' first two episodes were released online on August 15, 2015, and premiered on Starz on August 22, 2015. The first season concluded on October 24, 2015. Starz ordered 20 episodes, which were split into two seasons. The second season premiered on October 2, 2016, and concluded on December 11, 2016. On December 20, 2016, the show was cancelled after two seasons. The show follows British newscaster Walter Blunt who moves to Los Angeles with the intention of conquering American nightly cable news. His misguided decisions on and off the air prove that his ultimate ambitions will be difficult to achieve. Blunt's name was taken from the minor character Sir Walter Blunt in William Shakespeare's \"Henry IV, Part 1\", which was Stewart's first role with the Royal Shakespeare Company. \"Blunt Talk\" received generally mixed reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the first season of the show a rating of 53%, based on 34 reviews, with an average rating of 6.5/10. The site's consensus states, \"\"Blunt Talk\" squanders Sir Patrick Stewart's considerable gifts on a show that too often mistakes forced vulgarity for wit. \" Metacritic gives the show a score of 54 out of 100, based on reviews from 24 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Dominic Patten of \"Deadline Hollywood\" states in his review, \"If the new series from creator Jonathan Ames and executive producer Seth MacFarlane was just a mix between another Network-inspired show about journalism and some very consistently bad behavior on the part of Patrick Stewart\u2019s cable news host Walter Blunt, it would be hard to recommend giving such a collection of clich\u00e9s much of your time.", "However, \"Blunt Talk\", which debuts August 22 on Starz, is more than that and worth going along for the ride.\" TV Columnist Brian Lowry of \"Variety\" states in his review, \"The premiere starts with a rambunctious energy that temporarily promotes a sense of good will. Stewart\u2019s Walter Blunt goes on a bender, sings rap and picks up a transgender prostitute. When the hooker politely asks if he\u2019s troubled at all by who she is, he replies cheerfully, \u201c No, I\u2019m English.\u201d The adventure ends fantastically badly, at least for Blunt\u2019s reputation. But from there, the series\u2014which Ames produced with the seemingly ubiquitous Seth MacFarlane \u2014 pretty rapidly disintegrates, relying too heavily on Stewart\u2019s madcap antics and an assortment of not particularly distinctive supporting players, including Walter\u2019s sycophantic producers, Richard Lewis as his therapist and Romany Malco as the harried network boss.\" \"The Guardian\"s Brian Moylan states in his review, \"\"Blunt Talk\" is an odd bird. It\u2019s sort of like if The Newsroom and Veep had a love child and it was raised by Nanny McPhee in the Royal Shakespeare Company. It takes a close look at cable news and the personalities and celebrity involved, but it\u2019s essentially about one man who is trying to change himself and do the right thing, but is incredibly bad at it. A crew as colorfully inept as Selina Meyer\u2019s also surrounds him, but they don\u2019t have the stinging bile of Veep\u2019s crew. Mike Hale of \"The New York Times\" states in his review, \" It\u2019s not accurate to say that Patrick Stewart hasn\u2019t done comedy.", "On 19 June 2011, he took part in \"The Barn Theatre presents...\" with Elliot Brown at the Barn Theatre, Welwyn Garden City Most recently he has appeared in \"Hedda Gabler\" at the Old Vic, again with frequent collaborator Sheridan Smith. In 2013, he played a role in \"Darkside\", Tom Stoppard's radio drama based on Pink Floyd's album \"The Dark Side of the Moon\". In 2013 he starred in the ITV sitcom Edge of Heaven he played Bald Gary. In 2015, Scarborough appeared as Clive Trueman in the BBC TV series \"Father Brown\" episode 3.15 \"The Owl of Minerva\". Scarborough also appeared in the Starz sitcom \"Blunt Talk\" as Harry, valet to Walter Blunt, a role which he reprised in the second season a year later. In 2016, Scarborough appeared as Colin in the Channel Four sitcom \"Crashing\" and as Tony Pitt in the ITV series \"Midsomer Murders\" episode 18.4 \"A Dying Art\". In 2017, Scarborough appeared in the film adaptation of Ian McEwan's \"On Chesil Beach\" as Lionel Mayhew, as well as alongside David Tennant in \"Don Juan in Soho\" as his Chauffeur, for its run in the West End at Wyndham's Theatre. He is due to portray Dr Willis in the Nottingham Playhouse production of the Alan Bennett play \"The Madness of George III\" from 2 to 24 November 2018, with Mark Gatiss playing the king. It follows Scarborough's role as Fortnum in the 1994 film version of the play. In 2018 he plays the role of Hal Gallsworthy in the film \"Christopher Robin\". Scarborough lives in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire. He and his wife, Rose (n\u00e9e Blackshaw), have a son named Jake and a daughter named Esme."], "answer": {"text": "The series followed an English newscaster who moves to Los Angeles with his alcoholic manservant and the baggage of several failed marriages to host a sanctimonious talk show.", "answer_start": 1289}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What television shows did Seth MacFarlane produce?", "answer": {"text": "MacFarlane was the executive producer of a live-action sitcom starring Rob Corddry called The Winner.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the show about?", "answer": {"text": "The plot has a man named Glen discussing the time he matured at 32 and has him pursuing his only love after she moves in next door.", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a successful show?", "answer": {"text": "The show ran on Fox for six episodes in Spring 2007.", "answer_start": 283, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there another show produced by MacFarlane?", "answer": {"text": "In 2014, MacFarlane executive-produced a two-season, 20-episode series called Blunt Talk for Starz.", "answer_start": 1189, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_39192746e949490b961b3d405735a703_0_q#5", "question": "Did MacFarlane play an active role in any of the tv shows that he produced?", "rewrite": "Did Seth MacFarlane play an active role in The Winner or Blunt Talk?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["MacFarlane was the executive producer of a live-action sitcom starring Rob Corddry called The Winner. The plot has a man named Glen discussing the time he matured at 32 and has him pursuing his only love after she moves in next door. Glen meets her son and both become good friends. The show ran on Fox for six episodes in Spring 2007. In August 2011, Fox ordered a 13-part updated series of Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey. MacFarlane co-produced the series with Ann Druyan and Steven Soter. The new series is hosted by Neil deGrasse Tyson and began airing on the channel in March 2014, with repeats airing on the National Geographic Channel on the next night. In addition to serving as one of the executive producers, MacFarlane provided voices for characters during the animated portions of the series. In 2013 and 2014, MacFarlane produced one season of a live-action sitcom called Dads. The series, revolves around Eli, played by Seth Green, and Warner, played by Giovanni Ribisi, two successful guys in their 30's whose world is turned upside down when their dads move in with them. MacFarlane, Alec Sulkin and Wellesley Wild executive-produced the series, with Sulkin and Wild writing. In 2014, MacFarlane executive-produced a two-season, 20-episode series called Blunt Talk for Starz. The series followed an English newscaster who moves to Los Angeles with his alcoholic manservant and the baggage of several failed marriages to host a sanctimonious talk show. In 2009 MacFarlane began work on the animated series Bordertown. The series is set in Texas and follows a border patrol agent and a Mexican immigrant, satirizing America's changing cultural landscape. It ran for 13 episodes in the first half of 2016, on Fox.", "The Former Life of Brian \" The Former Life of Brian\" is the eleventh episode of the sixth season of \"Family Guy\". It was originally broadcast on April 27, 2008. The episode follows the Griffins' anthropomorphic dog, Brian (Seth MacFarlane), as he discovers that he is the father of a 13-year-old boy named Dylan (Seth Green). Dylan's mother, Tracy (Harvey Fierstein), leaves him with Brian after they meet and Dylan starts causing mischief at the Griffin's house. The episode was written by Steve Callaghan and it was directed by Pete Michels. The episode guest starred Harvey Fierstein, Chace Crawford, Erinn Hayes and Max Burkholder. Recurring voice actors Patrick Warburton, writer Alec Sulkin, episode writer Steve Callaghan, writer John Viener and show creator Seth MacFarlane's sister Rachael MacFarlane made minor appearances. It received mixed reviews from critics. Brian (Seth MacFarlane) decides to visit his old girlfriend Tracy Flannigan (Harvey Fierstein), who reveals that she has a son named Dylan (Seth Green) and that he is the father. Dylan proves to be quite the unruly teenager and Brian laments to Peter (MacFarlane) and Lois (Alex Borstein) about his experiences with him. Despite his objections, they attempt to convince him that he should take responsibility for his son. At this time, Dylan arrives at the Griffins' house, explaining that Tracy dropped him off for Brian to raise. There he begins tearing the house apart and acts hostile toward everyone, even attacking the Evil Monkey in Chris's closet. He especially acts hostile towards Brian, who decides to take control and kick him out.", "Blunt Talk Blunt Talk is an American sitcom on the Starz cable network starring Patrick Stewart, created by Jonathan Ames, and executive produced by Seth MacFarlane. The series' first two episodes were released online on August 15, 2015, and premiered on Starz on August 22, 2015. The first season concluded on October 24, 2015. Starz ordered 20 episodes, which were split into two seasons. The second season premiered on October 2, 2016, and concluded on December 11, 2016. On December 20, 2016, the show was cancelled after two seasons. The show follows British newscaster Walter Blunt who moves to Los Angeles with the intention of conquering American nightly cable news. His misguided decisions on and off the air prove that his ultimate ambitions will be difficult to achieve. Blunt's name was taken from the minor character Sir Walter Blunt in William Shakespeare's \"Henry IV, Part 1\", which was Stewart's first role with the Royal Shakespeare Company. \"Blunt Talk\" received generally mixed reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the first season of the show a rating of 53%, based on 34 reviews, with an average rating of 6.5/10. The site's consensus states, \"\"Blunt Talk\" squanders Sir Patrick Stewart's considerable gifts on a show that too often mistakes forced vulgarity for wit. \" Metacritic gives the show a score of 54 out of 100, based on reviews from 24 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Dominic Patten of \"Deadline Hollywood\" states in his review, \"If the new series from creator Jonathan Ames and executive producer Seth MacFarlane was just a mix between another Network-inspired show about journalism and some very consistently bad behavior on the part of Patrick Stewart\u2019s cable news host Walter Blunt, it would be hard to recommend giving such a collection of clich\u00e9s much of your time.", "However, \"Blunt Talk\", which debuts August 22 on Starz, is more than that and worth going along for the ride.\" TV Columnist Brian Lowry of \"Variety\" states in his review, \"The premiere starts with a rambunctious energy that temporarily promotes a sense of good will. Stewart\u2019s Walter Blunt goes on a bender, sings rap and picks up a transgender prostitute. When the hooker politely asks if he\u2019s troubled at all by who she is, he replies cheerfully, \u201c No, I\u2019m English.\u201d The adventure ends fantastically badly, at least for Blunt\u2019s reputation. But from there, the series\u2014which Ames produced with the seemingly ubiquitous Seth MacFarlane \u2014 pretty rapidly disintegrates, relying too heavily on Stewart\u2019s madcap antics and an assortment of not particularly distinctive supporting players, including Walter\u2019s sycophantic producers, Richard Lewis as his therapist and Romany Malco as the harried network boss.\" \"The Guardian\"s Brian Moylan states in his review, \"\"Blunt Talk\" is an odd bird. It\u2019s sort of like if The Newsroom and Veep had a love child and it was raised by Nanny McPhee in the Royal Shakespeare Company. It takes a close look at cable news and the personalities and celebrity involved, but it\u2019s essentially about one man who is trying to change himself and do the right thing, but is incredibly bad at it. A crew as colorfully inept as Selina Meyer\u2019s also surrounds him, but they don\u2019t have the stinging bile of Veep\u2019s crew. Mike Hale of \"The New York Times\" states in his review, \" It\u2019s not accurate to say that Patrick Stewart hasn\u2019t done comedy.", "Family Guy (season 6) \" Family Guy\" sixth season first aired on September 23, 2007 on Fox and ended on May 4, 2008. The season includes 12 episodes and was shortened due to creator Seth MacFarlane's participation in the 2007\u20132008 Writers Guild of America strike, which resulted in Fox airing episodes without MacFarlane doing the final work. The episode \"Lois Kills Stewie\" was the last episode completed before the strike. When the strike ended in February 2008, Fox had already aired three episodes without any input from MacFarlane. Episodes 2-8 of the sixth season are included on the Volume 6 DVD, which was released on October 21, 2008, and episodes 9-12 are included on the Volume 7 DVD, which was released on June 16, 2009. The season aired in the UK from May 4, 2008 - June 15, 2008 on BBC Three. The executive producers for the sixth production season are Seth MacFarlane, David A. Goodman, Chris Sheridan and Danny Smith. Despite this being the show's sixth television season, only four episodes from the sixth production season were aired as part of it, with the remainder being held off for seasons seven and eight as a result of the WGA strike. Goodman and Sheridan continued to serve as showrunners. In November 2007, \"Variety\" reported that creator Seth MacFarlane had joined the 2007\u20132008 Writers Guild of America strike and refused to complete more \"Family Guy\" episodes. A spokesperson for Fox said: \"Our hope is that he returns to work and completes his non-writing obligations on those episodes\". \" IGN\" reported that Fox would air three episodes of \"Family Guy\" without MacFarlane doing the final work. MacFarlane noted that Fox could legally do that, but thought it was a \"colossal dick move\", and said that \"They've never done anything like this before [...]"], "answer": {"text": "In addition to serving as one of the executive producers, MacFarlane provided voices for characters during the animated portions of the series.", "answer_start": 658}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What television shows did Seth MacFarlane produce?", "answer": {"text": "MacFarlane was the executive producer of a live-action sitcom starring Rob Corddry called The Winner.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the show about?", "answer": {"text": "The plot has a man named Glen discussing the time he matured at 32 and has him pursuing his only love after she moves in next door.", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a successful show?", "answer": {"text": "The show ran on Fox for six episodes in Spring 2007.", "answer_start": 283, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there another show produced by MacFarlane?", "answer": {"text": "In 2014, MacFarlane executive-produced a two-season, 20-episode series called Blunt Talk for Starz.", "answer_start": 1189, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was this show about?", "answer": {"text": "The series followed an English newscaster who moves to Los Angeles with his alcoholic manservant and the baggage of several failed marriages to host a sanctimonious talk show.", "answer_start": 1289, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_39192746e949490b961b3d405735a703_0_q#6", "question": "Is there any other tv shows that MacFarlane produced?", "rewrite": "Besides Blunt Talk, and The Winner, are there any other television shows that Seth MacFarlane produced?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Blunt Talk Blunt Talk is an American sitcom on the Starz cable network starring Patrick Stewart, created by Jonathan Ames, and executive produced by Seth MacFarlane. The series' first two episodes were released online on August 15, 2015, and premiered on Starz on August 22, 2015. The first season concluded on October 24, 2015. Starz ordered 20 episodes, which were split into two seasons. The second season premiered on October 2, 2016, and concluded on December 11, 2016. On December 20, 2016, the show was cancelled after two seasons. The show follows British newscaster Walter Blunt who moves to Los Angeles with the intention of conquering American nightly cable news. His misguided decisions on and off the air prove that his ultimate ambitions will be difficult to achieve. Blunt's name was taken from the minor character Sir Walter Blunt in William Shakespeare's \"Henry IV, Part 1\", which was Stewart's first role with the Royal Shakespeare Company. \"Blunt Talk\" received generally mixed reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the first season of the show a rating of 53%, based on 34 reviews, with an average rating of 6.5/10. The site's consensus states, \"\"Blunt Talk\" squanders Sir Patrick Stewart's considerable gifts on a show that too often mistakes forced vulgarity for wit. \" Metacritic gives the show a score of 54 out of 100, based on reviews from 24 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Dominic Patten of \"Deadline Hollywood\" states in his review, \"If the new series from creator Jonathan Ames and executive producer Seth MacFarlane was just a mix between another Network-inspired show about journalism and some very consistently bad behavior on the part of Patrick Stewart\u2019s cable news host Walter Blunt, it would be hard to recommend giving such a collection of clich\u00e9s much of your time.", "MacFarlane was the executive producer of a live-action sitcom starring Rob Corddry called The Winner. The plot has a man named Glen discussing the time he matured at 32 and has him pursuing his only love after she moves in next door. Glen meets her son and both become good friends. The show ran on Fox for six episodes in Spring 2007. In August 2011, Fox ordered a 13-part updated series of Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey. MacFarlane co-produced the series with Ann Druyan and Steven Soter. The new series is hosted by Neil deGrasse Tyson and began airing on the channel in March 2014, with repeats airing on the National Geographic Channel on the next night. In addition to serving as one of the executive producers, MacFarlane provided voices for characters during the animated portions of the series. In 2013 and 2014, MacFarlane produced one season of a live-action sitcom called Dads. The series, revolves around Eli, played by Seth Green, and Warner, played by Giovanni Ribisi, two successful guys in their 30's whose world is turned upside down when their dads move in with them. MacFarlane, Alec Sulkin and Wellesley Wild executive-produced the series, with Sulkin and Wild writing. In 2014, MacFarlane executive-produced a two-season, 20-episode series called Blunt Talk for Starz. The series followed an English newscaster who moves to Los Angeles with his alcoholic manservant and the baggage of several failed marriages to host a sanctimonious talk show. In 2009 MacFarlane began work on the animated series Bordertown. The series is set in Texas and follows a border patrol agent and a Mexican immigrant, satirizing America's changing cultural landscape. It ran for 13 episodes in the first half of 2016, on Fox.", "Family Guy: Live in Vegas Family Guy: Live in Vegas is a soundtrack album for the American animated television series \"Family Guy\". It was released on April 26, 2005 by Geffen Records. It was composed by Walter Murphy and creator Seth MacFarlane. The album features only one song from the series, the theme song, the rest of the songs were composed exclusively for the album. It features vocals from Seth MacFarlane, Alex Borstein, Seth Green, Mike Henry, Mila Kunis, Adam West and Lori Alan, as well as Jason Alexander, Patti LuPone and Haylie Duff as guest stars. It includes Rat Pack- and Broadway-inspired songs. The album also came with a DVD featuring the music video for Stewie's \"Sexy Party\" as well as \"making-of\" featurettes for the album and the video. Seth MacFarlane described the album as \"a blend of the rich, lush arrangements of the classic era of Rat Pack Vegas shows combined with the fart jokes of today\". MacFarlane co-produced the album and co-wrote several tracks. It features guest stars Jason Alexander, Patti LuPone and Haylie Duff. The album includes a cover of \"The Last Time I Saw Paris\" by Jerome Kern as well as a medley of theme songs from 1980s shows such as \"Diff'rent Strokes\", \" Who's the Boss\", \"Growing Pains\" and \"Charles in Charge\". The album is arranged and orchestrated by Walter Murphy and all songs are produced by MacFarlane and Murphy. All the voice actors from the show appear on the album voicing their characters. The album includes a DVD with the music video of Stewie's \"Sexy Party\" and behind the scenes of making the album and the video. The DVD also includes a trailer for \"American Dad!\" and the fourth season of \"Family Guy\".", "Family Guy (season 6) \" Family Guy\" sixth season first aired on September 23, 2007 on Fox and ended on May 4, 2008. The season includes 12 episodes and was shortened due to creator Seth MacFarlane's participation in the 2007\u20132008 Writers Guild of America strike, which resulted in Fox airing episodes without MacFarlane doing the final work. The episode \"Lois Kills Stewie\" was the last episode completed before the strike. When the strike ended in February 2008, Fox had already aired three episodes without any input from MacFarlane. Episodes 2-8 of the sixth season are included on the Volume 6 DVD, which was released on October 21, 2008, and episodes 9-12 are included on the Volume 7 DVD, which was released on June 16, 2009. The season aired in the UK from May 4, 2008 - June 15, 2008 on BBC Three. The executive producers for the sixth production season are Seth MacFarlane, David A. Goodman, Chris Sheridan and Danny Smith. Despite this being the show's sixth television season, only four episodes from the sixth production season were aired as part of it, with the remainder being held off for seasons seven and eight as a result of the WGA strike. Goodman and Sheridan continued to serve as showrunners. In November 2007, \"Variety\" reported that creator Seth MacFarlane had joined the 2007\u20132008 Writers Guild of America strike and refused to complete more \"Family Guy\" episodes. A spokesperson for Fox said: \"Our hope is that he returns to work and completes his non-writing obligations on those episodes\". \" IGN\" reported that Fox would air three episodes of \"Family Guy\" without MacFarlane doing the final work. MacFarlane noted that Fox could legally do that, but thought it was a \"colossal dick move\", and said that \"They've never done anything like this before [...]", "However, \"Blunt Talk\", which debuts August 22 on Starz, is more than that and worth going along for the ride.\" TV Columnist Brian Lowry of \"Variety\" states in his review, \"The premiere starts with a rambunctious energy that temporarily promotes a sense of good will. Stewart\u2019s Walter Blunt goes on a bender, sings rap and picks up a transgender prostitute. When the hooker politely asks if he\u2019s troubled at all by who she is, he replies cheerfully, \u201c No, I\u2019m English.\u201d The adventure ends fantastically badly, at least for Blunt\u2019s reputation. But from there, the series\u2014which Ames produced with the seemingly ubiquitous Seth MacFarlane \u2014 pretty rapidly disintegrates, relying too heavily on Stewart\u2019s madcap antics and an assortment of not particularly distinctive supporting players, including Walter\u2019s sycophantic producers, Richard Lewis as his therapist and Romany Malco as the harried network boss.\" \"The Guardian\"s Brian Moylan states in his review, \"\"Blunt Talk\" is an odd bird. It\u2019s sort of like if The Newsroom and Veep had a love child and it was raised by Nanny McPhee in the Royal Shakespeare Company. It takes a close look at cable news and the personalities and celebrity involved, but it\u2019s essentially about one man who is trying to change himself and do the right thing, but is incredibly bad at it. A crew as colorfully inept as Selina Meyer\u2019s also surrounds him, but they don\u2019t have the stinging bile of Veep\u2019s crew. Mike Hale of \"The New York Times\" states in his review, \" It\u2019s not accurate to say that Patrick Stewart hasn\u2019t done comedy."], "answer": {"text": "In 2013 and 2014, MacFarlane produced one season of a live-action sitcom called Dads.", "answer_start": 802}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What television shows did Seth MacFarlane produce?", "answer": {"text": "MacFarlane was the executive producer of a live-action sitcom starring Rob Corddry called The Winner.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the show about?", "answer": {"text": "The plot has a man named Glen discussing the time he matured at 32 and has him pursuing his only love after she moves in next door.", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a successful show?", "answer": {"text": "The show ran on Fox for six episodes in Spring 2007.", "answer_start": 283, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there another show produced by MacFarlane?", "answer": {"text": "In 2014, MacFarlane executive-produced a two-season, 20-episode series called Blunt Talk for Starz.", "answer_start": 1189, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was this show about?", "answer": {"text": "The series followed an English newscaster who moves to Los Angeles with his alcoholic manservant and the baggage of several failed marriages to host a sanctimonious talk show.", "answer_start": 1289, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did MacFarlane play an active role in any of the tv shows that he produced?", "answer": {"text": "In addition to serving as one of the executive producers, MacFarlane provided voices for characters during the animated portions of the series.", "answer_start": 658, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_689e5909216a453ea441ec121704172a_1_q#0", "question": "When did Ricky Martin do an autobiography?", "rewrite": "When did Ricky Martin do an autobiography?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Best of Ricky Martin The Best of Ricky Martin is the second compilation album by the Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin released by Columbia Records on November 12, 2001. \"The Best of Ricky Martin\" did not include any new material. The remixes of \"Amor\" were sent to radio stations in selected countries, to promote the album. \"The Best of Ricky Martin\" was not released in the United States. The album peaked at number seven in Denmark, number twelve in the Netherlands and Italy, number seventeen in Finland, and number twenty-five in Australia. In the United Kingdom it reached number forty-two. \"The Best of Ricky Martin\" was certified Platinum in Australia, and Gold in the United Kingdom and Finland. In the UK, the album has sold 177,064 copies.", "Evoluci\u00f3n (Menudo album) Evoluci\u00f3n is Menudo's 16th album (14th in Spanish). This album features new member Ricky Martin. Ricky Martin replaced Ricky Mel\u00e9ndez, the last member to exit from the original line-up. Ricky Mel\u00e9ndez was nearing his 17th birthday when it was decided who was going to be his replacement. Ricky Martin wasn't their first choice. Tico Torres was the name of the kid that was already traveling with the group and being introduced as the new member of the group, but for unknown reasons it was decided to give Ricky Martin the position. This is also the last album Ray Reyes recorded as a member of the group. It received a nomination for a Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album. Ricky Martin sings lead vocal on \"Rayo De Luna\", one of the group's most popular songs of the era.", "One Night Only with Ricky Martin One Night Only with Ricky Martin (also known as Una Noche con Ricky Martin) was the worldwide concert tour by Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin, in support of his 2005 album \"Life\". The tour visited the Americas, Europe, Asia and Africa. Ricky Martin kicked off his tour on November 15, 2005 in Mexico. The concerts took him to ten countries in a four-week period, including Brazil and Argentina. The tour moved to the United States in early 2006. It started on January 15, 2006 in El Paso, Texas and visited many prestigious venues. Martin played a total of 20 sold-out concerts in 18 US cities, ending in February 2006 with two shows in his native land of Puerto Rico. The European leg started on April 21, 2006 in Manchester, England, and included stops in London, Italy, Finland, and France among others. The tour ended in the Middle East with concerts in Lebanon, Egypt and Israel. Shows in Italy and Finland sold-out in two hours. In addition, Martin performed at the World Cup Fan Party in Berlin by the Brandenburg Gate on June 7, 2006. MTV aired \"MTV Diary: Ricky Martin\" in November 2006, showcasing scenes from the tour, on the road and onstage.", "Ricky Martin (1999 album) Ricky Martin is the fifth studio album by the Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin released on Columbia Records on May 11, 1999. The album is one of the best selling albums of all time and has sold more than 15 million copies, worldwide. This album is Martin's third which marketed in the United States and is his first album in English. \" Ricky Martin\" includes the singer\u2019s first number one hit on the Billboard Hot 100 \"Livin' la Vida Loca\". In a contemporary review for \"The Village Voice\", music critic Robert Christgau gave \"Ricky Martin\" a \"C\" and dismissed its \"slicked-up rhythm workouts and romantic pap\" as conventional tactics from \"one more crappy pop star\". \" Rolling Stone\" magazine's James Hunter gave it three out of five stars and felt it lacks the excitement of Martin's 1998 album \"Vuelve\" because of its remixes and Diane Warren-penned songs. However, he said that Martin's take on Latin pop is made interesting enough by highlights such as \"Livin' la Vida Loca\", \"Shake Your Bon-Bon\", and the \"perfectly constructed ballad\" sung with Madonna. In a retrospective review for AllMusic, senior editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave the album four out of five stars and said that despite moments of filler and outdated production, its songs are balanced well between uptempo dance-pop songs, power ballads, and midtempo pop songs on \"a big, bold album with something to please everyone, from his longtime Latin fans to housewives with a weakness for dramatic ballads. \" Ricky Martin\" has sold 22 million copies worldwide, becoming Martin's best selling album and one of the best-selling albums of all time.", "Black and White Tour The Black and White Tour (Blanco y Negro Tour) was the worldwide concert tour by Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin, in support of his 2006 album \"MTV Unplugged\". The tour visited the Americas and Europe. The show, directed for the stage by Jamie King included Ricky Martin's biggest hits, along with songs from his latest live album \"MTV Unplugged\". The two-hour show was divided into four segments: tribal, romance, revolution and, rave. The tour kicked off with four nights at the Jos\u00e9 Miguel Agrelot Coliseum in San Juan on February 9, 2007 and travelled to several countries in South and Central America. The Latin American leg of the Black and White Tour wrapped up in late March in Mexico. The North American leg started at HP Pavilion at San Jose on April 17, 2007. It took Martin to arenas in 17 cities. Three shows from May 14\u201316 were cancelled (El Paso, Glendale and Albuquerque), after Martin suffered a lower back sprain during a show in Laredo. In July 2007, Ricky Martin completed a series of sold-out arena dates in Europe, and announced the dates for a second American leg of his Black and White Tour. After playing in Puerto Rico and Mexico, the US portion of new run kicked off on September 29, 2007 at the Honda Center in Anaheim, and run through October 14, 2007. The last stop included the performance at the Madison Square Garden in New York City. Ricky Martin was also the inaugural act who played at the new Fillmore Miami Beach at the Jackie Gleason Theater on October 10\u201312, 2007. On \"Billboard's\" Top 25 Tours of the first half of 2007 (between November 15, 2006 and May 15, 2007), Ricky Martin ranked at number 19."], "answer": {"text": "Ricky Martin's autobiography, Me, was published on November 2, 2010.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_689e5909216a453ea441ec121704172a_1_q#1", "question": "Did he receive any recognition for it?", "rewrite": "Did Ricky Martin receive any recognition for writing his autobiography?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Best of Ricky Martin The Best of Ricky Martin is the second compilation album by the Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin released by Columbia Records on November 12, 2001. \"The Best of Ricky Martin\" did not include any new material. The remixes of \"Amor\" were sent to radio stations in selected countries, to promote the album. \"The Best of Ricky Martin\" was not released in the United States. The album peaked at number seven in Denmark, number twelve in the Netherlands and Italy, number seventeen in Finland, and number twenty-five in Australia. In the United Kingdom it reached number forty-two. \"The Best of Ricky Martin\" was certified Platinum in Australia, and Gold in the United Kingdom and Finland. In the UK, the album has sold 177,064 copies.", "One Night Only with Ricky Martin One Night Only with Ricky Martin (also known as Una Noche con Ricky Martin) was the worldwide concert tour by Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin, in support of his 2005 album \"Life\". The tour visited the Americas, Europe, Asia and Africa. Ricky Martin kicked off his tour on November 15, 2005 in Mexico. The concerts took him to ten countries in a four-week period, including Brazil and Argentina. The tour moved to the United States in early 2006. It started on January 15, 2006 in El Paso, Texas and visited many prestigious venues. Martin played a total of 20 sold-out concerts in 18 US cities, ending in February 2006 with two shows in his native land of Puerto Rico. The European leg started on April 21, 2006 in Manchester, England, and included stops in London, Italy, Finland, and France among others. The tour ended in the Middle East with concerts in Lebanon, Egypt and Israel. Shows in Italy and Finland sold-out in two hours. In addition, Martin performed at the World Cup Fan Party in Berlin by the Brandenburg Gate on June 7, 2006. MTV aired \"MTV Diary: Ricky Martin\" in November 2006, showcasing scenes from the tour, on the road and onstage.", "Evoluci\u00f3n (Menudo album) Evoluci\u00f3n is Menudo's 16th album (14th in Spanish). This album features new member Ricky Martin. Ricky Martin replaced Ricky Mel\u00e9ndez, the last member to exit from the original line-up. Ricky Mel\u00e9ndez was nearing his 17th birthday when it was decided who was going to be his replacement. Ricky Martin wasn't their first choice. Tico Torres was the name of the kid that was already traveling with the group and being introduced as the new member of the group, but for unknown reasons it was decided to give Ricky Martin the position. This is also the last album Ray Reyes recorded as a member of the group. It received a nomination for a Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album. Ricky Martin sings lead vocal on \"Rayo De Luna\", one of the group's most popular songs of the era.", "Black and White Tour The Black and White Tour (Blanco y Negro Tour) was the worldwide concert tour by Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin, in support of his 2006 album \"MTV Unplugged\". The tour visited the Americas and Europe. The show, directed for the stage by Jamie King included Ricky Martin's biggest hits, along with songs from his latest live album \"MTV Unplugged\". The two-hour show was divided into four segments: tribal, romance, revolution and, rave. The tour kicked off with four nights at the Jos\u00e9 Miguel Agrelot Coliseum in San Juan on February 9, 2007 and travelled to several countries in South and Central America. The Latin American leg of the Black and White Tour wrapped up in late March in Mexico. The North American leg started at HP Pavilion at San Jose on April 17, 2007. It took Martin to arenas in 17 cities. Three shows from May 14\u201316 were cancelled (El Paso, Glendale and Albuquerque), after Martin suffered a lower back sprain during a show in Laredo. In July 2007, Ricky Martin completed a series of sold-out arena dates in Europe, and announced the dates for a second American leg of his Black and White Tour. After playing in Puerto Rico and Mexico, the US portion of new run kicked off on September 29, 2007 at the Honda Center in Anaheim, and run through October 14, 2007. The last stop included the performance at the Madison Square Garden in New York City. Ricky Martin was also the inaugural act who played at the new Fillmore Miami Beach at the Jackie Gleason Theater on October 10\u201312, 2007. On \"Billboard's\" Top 25 Tours of the first half of 2007 (between November 15, 2006 and May 15, 2007), Ricky Martin ranked at number 19.", "Ricky Martin (1999 album) Ricky Martin is the fifth studio album by the Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin released on Columbia Records on May 11, 1999. The album is one of the best selling albums of all time and has sold more than 15 million copies, worldwide. This album is Martin's third which marketed in the United States and is his first album in English. \" Ricky Martin\" includes the singer\u2019s first number one hit on the Billboard Hot 100 \"Livin' la Vida Loca\". In a contemporary review for \"The Village Voice\", music critic Robert Christgau gave \"Ricky Martin\" a \"C\" and dismissed its \"slicked-up rhythm workouts and romantic pap\" as conventional tactics from \"one more crappy pop star\". \" Rolling Stone\" magazine's James Hunter gave it three out of five stars and felt it lacks the excitement of Martin's 1998 album \"Vuelve\" because of its remixes and Diane Warren-penned songs. However, he said that Martin's take on Latin pop is made interesting enough by highlights such as \"Livin' la Vida Loca\", \"Shake Your Bon-Bon\", and the \"perfectly constructed ballad\" sung with Madonna. In a retrospective review for AllMusic, senior editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave the album four out of five stars and said that despite moments of filler and outdated production, its songs are balanced well between uptempo dance-pop songs, power ballads, and midtempo pop songs on \"a big, bold album with something to please everyone, from his longtime Latin fans to housewives with a weakness for dramatic ballads. \" Ricky Martin\" has sold 22 million copies worldwide, becoming Martin's best selling album and one of the best-selling albums of all time."], "answer": {"text": "The book became part of The New York Times Best Seller list,", "answer_start": 69}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ricky Martin do an autobiography?", "answer": {"text": "Ricky Martin's autobiography, Me, was published on November 2, 2010.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_689e5909216a453ea441ec121704172a_1_q#2", "question": "What is musica+alma+Sexo and Evita?", "rewrite": "What is musica+alma+Sexo and Evita?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The female lead is portrayed by Argentinian top model, Paula Chaves. The video, directed by Carlos P\u00e9rez, premiered on July 21, 2011. P\u00e9rez worked with Martin on few of his previous videos, including: \"Tal Vez,\" \"Jaleo\" and \"The Best Thing About Me Is You.\" \"M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\" contains the original solo version of the song and a remix featuring Wisin & Yandel. The latter was released as a single on July 18, 2011 as Remix Radio Edit. One week earlier, on July 11, 2011, the new version of \"Fr\u00edo\" remixed by Wally L\u00f3pez was also released as a digital download. Remix created by L\u00f3pez was included later on the Fan Edition of \"M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\". Ricky Martin performed \"Fr\u00edo\" during his M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo World Tour. He also performed a medley of \"Fr\u00edo/M\u00e1s\" during the Premios Juventud on July 21, 2011. \"Fr\u00edo\" was nominated for the International Dance Music Award in category Best Latin/Reggaeton Track. The music video was nominated for the Premios People en Espa\u00f1ol for Mejor Video del A\u00f1o.", "Ricky Martin's autobiography, Me, was published on November 2, 2010. The book became part of The New York Times Best Seller list, debuting at number five on the Hardcover Nonfiction list. A Spanish-language edition entitled Yo was published simultaneously. Martin's single, \"The Best Thing About Me Is You\" featuring Joss Stone also premiered on November 2, 2010 and peaked at number seventy-four on the Billboard Hot 100. The Spanish version, \"Lo Mejor de Mi Vida Eres Tu\" topped the Hot Latin Songs for two weeks. It was followed by a new studio album, Musica + Alma + Sexo released on January 31, 2011. It debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 and became the highest charting, primarily-Spanish language album in the United States, since Dreaming of You by Selena. Musica + Alma + Sexo also represents the highest ever chart debut on the Billboard 200 for a Sony Music Latin release. It spent two weeks at number one on the Billboard Top Latin Albums. On March 25, 2011, Martin started his Musica + Alma + Sexo World Tour, which ended on November 12, 2011. The second single from the album, \"Mas\" was released on April 5, 2011 and peaked at number seven on the Hot Dance Club Songs. \"Frio\" featuring Wisin & Yandel was chosen as the third single. 17: Greatest Hits was released on July 11, 2011 exclusively in the United Kingdom. Ricky Martin was playing Che in the Broadway revival of the show Evita, scheduled to begin previews on Broadway in March 2012, ahead of an opening in April 2012. He received mixed reviews. Martin guest-starred as a Spanish teacher on the Fox TV show Glee episode \"The Spanish Teacher\" on February 7, 2012.", "Martin revealed that he and his team \"wrote at least 60 songs and obviously, not all are in here\". The ones that felt right are in the album. I think there are songs here that can become ballads. The most important thing about this album is it\u2019s for the audience, but also for musicians. There\u2019s great musicianship here.\" Ricky Martin began a series of concerts in Puerto Rico, United States and Canada as part of his M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo World Tour. This is the eighth concert tour presented by Martin. The tour also visited Europe, and Central and South America. \"M\u00fasica + alma + sexo\" debuted at number three on the US \"Billboard\" 200, selling 32,000 copies. The album became the highest charting, primarily-Spanish language album, since Selena's number one album \"Dreaming of You\". This also represents the highest ever chart debut for a Sony Music Latin release. \"M\u00fasica + alma + sexo\" is Martin's highest-charting album since \"Ricky Martin\" debuted at number one in May 1999. It's his fourth top ten album, and his first (mostly) Spanish language album to hit the mark. Martin's previous highest-charting Spanish language album was \"Almas del silencio\". In total, the album has sold more than 300,000 copies worldwide. Upon its release, the album received generally favorable reviews from most music critics, based on an aggregate score of 72/100 from Metacritic. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from Allmusic rated it 3 stars (out of 5) and said that: \"Theoretically, this loosening of expectations would give him some freedom to roam on M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo, and it does to the extent that he does not feel compelled to devote the record to the English language\".", "M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo World Tour The M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo World Tour (also known as the M.A.S. Tour) was the eighth concert tour by Puerto Rican singer-songwriter Ricky Martin. The tour supported his ninth studio album, \"M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\" (2011). It began with a series of concerts in Puerto Rico and North America, with international dates later in the year. The tour was his first in four years, the previous being the 2007 Black and White Tour. On the Pollstar Top 50 Worldwide Tours of the first half of 2011, Ricky Martin ranked at number 42. His tour grossed $17.7, with 37 shows and 246,141 total tickets. After visiting 28 countries throughout North America, Europe and Latin America, Ricky Martin formally ended his tour on November 12, 2011 in his homeland, Puerto Rico, at the Coliseo de Puerto Rico Jos\u00e9 Miguel Agrelot. The tour closed on November 19, 2011 in Santo Domingo. The tour was announced on December 19, 2010, with the first show taking place in Martin's homeland of Puerto Rico. This was the second time that Martin began a world tour in the island, the first being the Black and White Tour. Martin has expressed gratitude towards his Puerto Rican fans, promising an \"amazing show for everyone to enjoy.\" North American tour dates were announced in January 2011. Martin's wardrobe was designed exclusively by Giorgio Armani. The outfits have different themes. \"I feel completely honored and excited to be working with him (Armani) again,\" said Martin. Armani had previously designed Martin's wardrobe for the 1998 Vuelve Tour and the 1999\u20132000 Livin' la Vida Loca Tour. The following songs were performed during the concert held at the Mohegan Sun Arena, in Uncasville, Connecticut.", "Samba (song) \"Samba\" is a song recorded by Ricky Martin for the Brazilian edition of his album, \"M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\" (2011) and a new mix of the song was later included in the international re-release of the album entitled \"M\u00e1s M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\". It features vocals by Brazilian singer, Claudia Leitte. \" Samba\" was released as a promotional single exclusively in Brazil. Ricky Martin sings in English-language and Claudia Leitte in Portuguese. The music video was shot in Miami on July 28\u201329, 2011 and premiered on September 18, 2011. It was directed by Fl\u00e1via Moraes and features both singers dancing and singing together in different costumes. The song mixes an upbeat ballad with samba. The Brazilian edition of \"M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\" contains the album version of the song and a club remix by the DJ and producer Fernando Deeplick. The mixing of the video version is different than the ones previously known, and is featured in the re-release of the album entitled \"M\u00e1s M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\". Promotional single"], "answer": {"text": "a new studio album,", "answer_start": 535}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ricky Martin do an autobiography?", "answer": {"text": "Ricky Martin's autobiography, Me, was published on November 2, 2010.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he receive any recognition for it?", "answer": {"text": "The book became part of The New York Times Best Seller list,", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_689e5909216a453ea441ec121704172a_1_q#3", "question": "Was this album a big hit?", "rewrite": "Was musica+alma+Sexo and Evita a big hit?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Samba (song) \"Samba\" is a song recorded by Ricky Martin for the Brazilian edition of his album, \"M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\" (2011) and a new mix of the song was later included in the international re-release of the album entitled \"M\u00e1s M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\". It features vocals by Brazilian singer, Claudia Leitte. \" Samba\" was released as a promotional single exclusively in Brazil. Ricky Martin sings in English-language and Claudia Leitte in Portuguese. The music video was shot in Miami on July 28\u201329, 2011 and premiered on September 18, 2011. It was directed by Fl\u00e1via Moraes and features both singers dancing and singing together in different costumes. The song mixes an upbeat ballad with samba. The Brazilian edition of \"M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\" contains the album version of the song and a club remix by the DJ and producer Fernando Deeplick. The mixing of the video version is different than the ones previously known, and is featured in the re-release of the album entitled \"M\u00e1s M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\". Promotional single", "Martin revealed that he and his team \"wrote at least 60 songs and obviously, not all are in here\". The ones that felt right are in the album. I think there are songs here that can become ballads. The most important thing about this album is it\u2019s for the audience, but also for musicians. There\u2019s great musicianship here.\" Ricky Martin began a series of concerts in Puerto Rico, United States and Canada as part of his M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo World Tour. This is the eighth concert tour presented by Martin. The tour also visited Europe, and Central and South America. \"M\u00fasica + alma + sexo\" debuted at number three on the US \"Billboard\" 200, selling 32,000 copies. The album became the highest charting, primarily-Spanish language album, since Selena's number one album \"Dreaming of You\". This also represents the highest ever chart debut for a Sony Music Latin release. \"M\u00fasica + alma + sexo\" is Martin's highest-charting album since \"Ricky Martin\" debuted at number one in May 1999. It's his fourth top ten album, and his first (mostly) Spanish language album to hit the mark. Martin's previous highest-charting Spanish language album was \"Almas del silencio\". In total, the album has sold more than 300,000 copies worldwide. Upon its release, the album received generally favorable reviews from most music critics, based on an aggregate score of 72/100 from Metacritic. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from Allmusic rated it 3 stars (out of 5) and said that: \"Theoretically, this loosening of expectations would give him some freedom to roam on M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo, and it does to the extent that he does not feel compelled to devote the record to the English language\".", "The female lead is portrayed by Argentinian top model, Paula Chaves. The video, directed by Carlos P\u00e9rez, premiered on July 21, 2011. P\u00e9rez worked with Martin on few of his previous videos, including: \"Tal Vez,\" \"Jaleo\" and \"The Best Thing About Me Is You.\" \"M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\" contains the original solo version of the song and a remix featuring Wisin & Yandel. The latter was released as a single on July 18, 2011 as Remix Radio Edit. One week earlier, on July 11, 2011, the new version of \"Fr\u00edo\" remixed by Wally L\u00f3pez was also released as a digital download. Remix created by L\u00f3pez was included later on the Fan Edition of \"M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\". Ricky Martin performed \"Fr\u00edo\" during his M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo World Tour. He also performed a medley of \"Fr\u00edo/M\u00e1s\" during the Premios Juventud on July 21, 2011. \"Fr\u00edo\" was nominated for the International Dance Music Award in category Best Latin/Reggaeton Track. The music video was nominated for the Premios People en Espa\u00f1ol for Mejor Video del A\u00f1o.", "Ricky Martin's autobiography, Me, was published on November 2, 2010. The book became part of The New York Times Best Seller list, debuting at number five on the Hardcover Nonfiction list. A Spanish-language edition entitled Yo was published simultaneously. Martin's single, \"The Best Thing About Me Is You\" featuring Joss Stone also premiered on November 2, 2010 and peaked at number seventy-four on the Billboard Hot 100. The Spanish version, \"Lo Mejor de Mi Vida Eres Tu\" topped the Hot Latin Songs for two weeks. It was followed by a new studio album, Musica + Alma + Sexo released on January 31, 2011. It debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 and became the highest charting, primarily-Spanish language album in the United States, since Dreaming of You by Selena. Musica + Alma + Sexo also represents the highest ever chart debut on the Billboard 200 for a Sony Music Latin release. It spent two weeks at number one on the Billboard Top Latin Albums. On March 25, 2011, Martin started his Musica + Alma + Sexo World Tour, which ended on November 12, 2011. The second single from the album, \"Mas\" was released on April 5, 2011 and peaked at number seven on the Hot Dance Club Songs. \"Frio\" featuring Wisin & Yandel was chosen as the third single. 17: Greatest Hits was released on July 11, 2011 exclusively in the United Kingdom. Ricky Martin was playing Che in the Broadway revival of the show Evita, scheduled to begin previews on Broadway in March 2012, ahead of an opening in April 2012. He received mixed reviews. Martin guest-starred as a Spanish teacher on the Fox TV show Glee episode \"The Spanish Teacher\" on February 7, 2012.", "M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo () is the ninth studio album by Puerto Rican singer-songwriter Ricky Martin. It was released on January 31, 2011 in Europe by Columbia Records and on February 1, 2011 in North America by Sony Music Latin. The album features guest appearances by Joss Stone, Natalia Jim\u00e9nez, Claudia Leitte and Puerto Rican reggaeton duo Wisin & Yandel, with contributions from musicians including Tommy Denander, John 5 and Josh Freese. It consists of songs in Spanish and English. The Deluxe Edition of Ricky Martin's new album was released at Target. It contains seven exclusive tracks, including two dance mixes, two English versions (\"Liar\", English version of \"No Te Miento\", and \"Too Late Now\", English version of \"Ser\u00e1 Ser\u00e1\") an unreleased song and solo versions of the singles \" The Best Thing About Me Is You\" and \"Lo mejor de mi vida eres t\u00fa\". The album was re-released to digital outlets on November 14, 2011 under the title \"M\u00e1s M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\", containing new bonus material and remixes. The album received a Diamond certification for sales of over 300,000 copies. It has sold 112,000 copies in the US as of February 2015. In a \"Billboard\" interview, Martin revealed that he wrote the album between Miami and his home in Golden Beach, Florida. Desmond Child practically moved in with his entire family. He said that: \"[We] had two studios: one for the programmer, another to record bass, guitars and drums\". Talking about the album style, Ricky said: \" It\u2019s more up-tempo because I\u2019m at a point in my life where I simply want to be, and be free and not be contrived at all.\""], "answer": {"text": "represents the highest ever chart debut on the Billboard 200 for a Sony Music Latin release.", "answer_start": 801}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ricky Martin do an autobiography?", "answer": {"text": "Ricky Martin's autobiography, Me, was published on November 2, 2010.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he receive any recognition for it?", "answer": {"text": "The book became part of The New York Times Best Seller list,", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is musica+alma+Sexo and Evita?", "answer": {"text": "a new studio album,", "answer_start": 535, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_689e5909216a453ea441ec121704172a_1_q#4", "question": "What was some of the songs on this album?", "rewrite": "What are some of the songs on musica+alma+Sexo and Evita?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo World Tour The M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo World Tour (also known as the M.A.S. Tour) was the eighth concert tour by Puerto Rican singer-songwriter Ricky Martin. The tour supported his ninth studio album, \"M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\" (2011). It began with a series of concerts in Puerto Rico and North America, with international dates later in the year. The tour was his first in four years, the previous being the 2007 Black and White Tour. On the Pollstar Top 50 Worldwide Tours of the first half of 2011, Ricky Martin ranked at number 42. His tour grossed $17.7, with 37 shows and 246,141 total tickets. After visiting 28 countries throughout North America, Europe and Latin America, Ricky Martin formally ended his tour on November 12, 2011 in his homeland, Puerto Rico, at the Coliseo de Puerto Rico Jos\u00e9 Miguel Agrelot. The tour closed on November 19, 2011 in Santo Domingo. The tour was announced on December 19, 2010, with the first show taking place in Martin's homeland of Puerto Rico. This was the second time that Martin began a world tour in the island, the first being the Black and White Tour. Martin has expressed gratitude towards his Puerto Rican fans, promising an \"amazing show for everyone to enjoy.\" North American tour dates were announced in January 2011. Martin's wardrobe was designed exclusively by Giorgio Armani. The outfits have different themes. \"I feel completely honored and excited to be working with him (Armani) again,\" said Martin. Armani had previously designed Martin's wardrobe for the 1998 Vuelve Tour and the 1999\u20132000 Livin' la Vida Loca Tour. The following songs were performed during the concert held at the Mohegan Sun Arena, in Uncasville, Connecticut.", "M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo () is the ninth studio album by Puerto Rican singer-songwriter Ricky Martin. It was released on January 31, 2011 in Europe by Columbia Records and on February 1, 2011 in North America by Sony Music Latin. The album features guest appearances by Joss Stone, Natalia Jim\u00e9nez, Claudia Leitte and Puerto Rican reggaeton duo Wisin & Yandel, with contributions from musicians including Tommy Denander, John 5 and Josh Freese. It consists of songs in Spanish and English. The Deluxe Edition of Ricky Martin's new album was released at Target. It contains seven exclusive tracks, including two dance mixes, two English versions (\"Liar\", English version of \"No Te Miento\", and \"Too Late Now\", English version of \"Ser\u00e1 Ser\u00e1\") an unreleased song and solo versions of the singles \" The Best Thing About Me Is You\" and \"Lo mejor de mi vida eres t\u00fa\". The album was re-released to digital outlets on November 14, 2011 under the title \"M\u00e1s M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\", containing new bonus material and remixes. The album received a Diamond certification for sales of over 300,000 copies. It has sold 112,000 copies in the US as of February 2015. In a \"Billboard\" interview, Martin revealed that he wrote the album between Miami and his home in Golden Beach, Florida. Desmond Child practically moved in with his entire family. He said that: \"[We] had two studios: one for the programmer, another to record bass, guitars and drums\". Talking about the album style, Ricky said: \" It\u2019s more up-tempo because I\u2019m at a point in my life where I simply want to be, and be free and not be contrived at all.\"", "Ricky Martin's autobiography, Me, was published on November 2, 2010. The book became part of The New York Times Best Seller list, debuting at number five on the Hardcover Nonfiction list. A Spanish-language edition entitled Yo was published simultaneously. Martin's single, \"The Best Thing About Me Is You\" featuring Joss Stone also premiered on November 2, 2010 and peaked at number seventy-four on the Billboard Hot 100. The Spanish version, \"Lo Mejor de Mi Vida Eres Tu\" topped the Hot Latin Songs for two weeks. It was followed by a new studio album, Musica + Alma + Sexo released on January 31, 2011. It debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 and became the highest charting, primarily-Spanish language album in the United States, since Dreaming of You by Selena. Musica + Alma + Sexo also represents the highest ever chart debut on the Billboard 200 for a Sony Music Latin release. It spent two weeks at number one on the Billboard Top Latin Albums. On March 25, 2011, Martin started his Musica + Alma + Sexo World Tour, which ended on November 12, 2011. The second single from the album, \"Mas\" was released on April 5, 2011 and peaked at number seven on the Hot Dance Club Songs. \"Frio\" featuring Wisin & Yandel was chosen as the third single. 17: Greatest Hits was released on July 11, 2011 exclusively in the United Kingdom. Ricky Martin was playing Che in the Broadway revival of the show Evita, scheduled to begin previews on Broadway in March 2012, ahead of an opening in April 2012. He received mixed reviews. Martin guest-starred as a Spanish teacher on the Fox TV show Glee episode \"The Spanish Teacher\" on February 7, 2012.", "Samba (song) \"Samba\" is a song recorded by Ricky Martin for the Brazilian edition of his album, \"M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\" (2011) and a new mix of the song was later included in the international re-release of the album entitled \"M\u00e1s M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\". It features vocals by Brazilian singer, Claudia Leitte. \" Samba\" was released as a promotional single exclusively in Brazil. Ricky Martin sings in English-language and Claudia Leitte in Portuguese. The music video was shot in Miami on July 28\u201329, 2011 and premiered on September 18, 2011. It was directed by Fl\u00e1via Moraes and features both singers dancing and singing together in different costumes. The song mixes an upbeat ballad with samba. The Brazilian edition of \"M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\" contains the album version of the song and a club remix by the DJ and producer Fernando Deeplick. The mixing of the video version is different than the ones previously known, and is featured in the re-release of the album entitled \"M\u00e1s M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\". Promotional single", "Martin revealed that he and his team \"wrote at least 60 songs and obviously, not all are in here\". The ones that felt right are in the album. I think there are songs here that can become ballads. The most important thing about this album is it\u2019s for the audience, but also for musicians. There\u2019s great musicianship here.\" Ricky Martin began a series of concerts in Puerto Rico, United States and Canada as part of his M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo World Tour. This is the eighth concert tour presented by Martin. The tour also visited Europe, and Central and South America. \"M\u00fasica + alma + sexo\" debuted at number three on the US \"Billboard\" 200, selling 32,000 copies. The album became the highest charting, primarily-Spanish language album, since Selena's number one album \"Dreaming of You\". This also represents the highest ever chart debut for a Sony Music Latin release. \"M\u00fasica + alma + sexo\" is Martin's highest-charting album since \"Ricky Martin\" debuted at number one in May 1999. It's his fourth top ten album, and his first (mostly) Spanish language album to hit the mark. Martin's previous highest-charting Spanish language album was \"Almas del silencio\". In total, the album has sold more than 300,000 copies worldwide. Upon its release, the album received generally favorable reviews from most music critics, based on an aggregate score of 72/100 from Metacritic. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from Allmusic rated it 3 stars (out of 5) and said that: \"Theoretically, this loosening of expectations would give him some freedom to roam on M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo, and it does to the extent that he does not feel compelled to devote the record to the English language\"."], "answer": {"text": "The Best Thing About Me Is You", "answer_start": 275}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ricky Martin do an autobiography?", "answer": {"text": "Ricky Martin's autobiography, Me, was published on November 2, 2010.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he receive any recognition for it?", "answer": {"text": "The book became part of The New York Times Best Seller list,", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is musica+alma+Sexo and Evita?", "answer": {"text": "a new studio album,", "answer_start": 535, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this album a big hit?", "answer": {"text": "represents the highest ever chart debut on the Billboard 200 for a Sony Music Latin release.", "answer_start": 801, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_689e5909216a453ea441ec121704172a_1_q#5", "question": "What is another song?", "rewrite": "Besides \"The Best Thing About Me Is You\" what is another song from musica+alma+Sexo and Evita?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Samba (song) \"Samba\" is a song recorded by Ricky Martin for the Brazilian edition of his album, \"M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\" (2011) and a new mix of the song was later included in the international re-release of the album entitled \"M\u00e1s M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\". It features vocals by Brazilian singer, Claudia Leitte. \" Samba\" was released as a promotional single exclusively in Brazil. Ricky Martin sings in English-language and Claudia Leitte in Portuguese. The music video was shot in Miami on July 28\u201329, 2011 and premiered on September 18, 2011. It was directed by Fl\u00e1via Moraes and features both singers dancing and singing together in different costumes. The song mixes an upbeat ballad with samba. The Brazilian edition of \"M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\" contains the album version of the song and a club remix by the DJ and producer Fernando Deeplick. The mixing of the video version is different than the ones previously known, and is featured in the re-release of the album entitled \"M\u00e1s M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\". Promotional single", "M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo () is the ninth studio album by Puerto Rican singer-songwriter Ricky Martin. It was released on January 31, 2011 in Europe by Columbia Records and on February 1, 2011 in North America by Sony Music Latin. The album features guest appearances by Joss Stone, Natalia Jim\u00e9nez, Claudia Leitte and Puerto Rican reggaeton duo Wisin & Yandel, with contributions from musicians including Tommy Denander, John 5 and Josh Freese. It consists of songs in Spanish and English. The Deluxe Edition of Ricky Martin's new album was released at Target. It contains seven exclusive tracks, including two dance mixes, two English versions (\"Liar\", English version of \"No Te Miento\", and \"Too Late Now\", English version of \"Ser\u00e1 Ser\u00e1\") an unreleased song and solo versions of the singles \" The Best Thing About Me Is You\" and \"Lo mejor de mi vida eres t\u00fa\". The album was re-released to digital outlets on November 14, 2011 under the title \"M\u00e1s M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\", containing new bonus material and remixes. The album received a Diamond certification for sales of over 300,000 copies. It has sold 112,000 copies in the US as of February 2015. In a \"Billboard\" interview, Martin revealed that he wrote the album between Miami and his home in Golden Beach, Florida. Desmond Child practically moved in with his entire family. He said that: \"[We] had two studios: one for the programmer, another to record bass, guitars and drums\". Talking about the album style, Ricky said: \" It\u2019s more up-tempo because I\u2019m at a point in my life where I simply want to be, and be free and not be contrived at all.\"", "The female lead is portrayed by Argentinian top model, Paula Chaves. The video, directed by Carlos P\u00e9rez, premiered on July 21, 2011. P\u00e9rez worked with Martin on few of his previous videos, including: \"Tal Vez,\" \"Jaleo\" and \"The Best Thing About Me Is You.\" \"M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\" contains the original solo version of the song and a remix featuring Wisin & Yandel. The latter was released as a single on July 18, 2011 as Remix Radio Edit. One week earlier, on July 11, 2011, the new version of \"Fr\u00edo\" remixed by Wally L\u00f3pez was also released as a digital download. Remix created by L\u00f3pez was included later on the Fan Edition of \"M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\". Ricky Martin performed \"Fr\u00edo\" during his M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo World Tour. He also performed a medley of \"Fr\u00edo/M\u00e1s\" during the Premios Juventud on July 21, 2011. \"Fr\u00edo\" was nominated for the International Dance Music Award in category Best Latin/Reggaeton Track. The music video was nominated for the Premios People en Espa\u00f1ol for Mejor Video del A\u00f1o.", "Martin revealed that he and his team \"wrote at least 60 songs and obviously, not all are in here\". The ones that felt right are in the album. I think there are songs here that can become ballads. The most important thing about this album is it\u2019s for the audience, but also for musicians. There\u2019s great musicianship here.\" Ricky Martin began a series of concerts in Puerto Rico, United States and Canada as part of his M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo World Tour. This is the eighth concert tour presented by Martin. The tour also visited Europe, and Central and South America. \"M\u00fasica + alma + sexo\" debuted at number three on the US \"Billboard\" 200, selling 32,000 copies. The album became the highest charting, primarily-Spanish language album, since Selena's number one album \"Dreaming of You\". This also represents the highest ever chart debut for a Sony Music Latin release. \"M\u00fasica + alma + sexo\" is Martin's highest-charting album since \"Ricky Martin\" debuted at number one in May 1999. It's his fourth top ten album, and his first (mostly) Spanish language album to hit the mark. Martin's previous highest-charting Spanish language album was \"Almas del silencio\". In total, the album has sold more than 300,000 copies worldwide. Upon its release, the album received generally favorable reviews from most music critics, based on an aggregate score of 72/100 from Metacritic. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from Allmusic rated it 3 stars (out of 5) and said that: \"Theoretically, this loosening of expectations would give him some freedom to roam on M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo, and it does to the extent that he does not feel compelled to devote the record to the English language\".", "Ricky Martin's autobiography, Me, was published on November 2, 2010. The book became part of The New York Times Best Seller list, debuting at number five on the Hardcover Nonfiction list. A Spanish-language edition entitled Yo was published simultaneously. Martin's single, \"The Best Thing About Me Is You\" featuring Joss Stone also premiered on November 2, 2010 and peaked at number seventy-four on the Billboard Hot 100. The Spanish version, \"Lo Mejor de Mi Vida Eres Tu\" topped the Hot Latin Songs for two weeks. It was followed by a new studio album, Musica + Alma + Sexo released on January 31, 2011. It debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 and became the highest charting, primarily-Spanish language album in the United States, since Dreaming of You by Selena. Musica + Alma + Sexo also represents the highest ever chart debut on the Billboard 200 for a Sony Music Latin release. It spent two weeks at number one on the Billboard Top Latin Albums. On March 25, 2011, Martin started his Musica + Alma + Sexo World Tour, which ended on November 12, 2011. The second single from the album, \"Mas\" was released on April 5, 2011 and peaked at number seven on the Hot Dance Club Songs. \"Frio\" featuring Wisin & Yandel was chosen as the third single. 17: Greatest Hits was released on July 11, 2011 exclusively in the United Kingdom. Ricky Martin was playing Che in the Broadway revival of the show Evita, scheduled to begin previews on Broadway in March 2012, ahead of an opening in April 2012. He received mixed reviews. Martin guest-starred as a Spanish teacher on the Fox TV show Glee episode \"The Spanish Teacher\" on February 7, 2012."], "answer": {"text": "Mas", "answer_start": 1102}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When did Ricky Martin do an autobiography?", "answer": {"text": "Ricky Martin's autobiography, Me, was published on November 2, 2010.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he receive any recognition for it?", "answer": {"text": "The book became part of The New York Times Best Seller list,", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is musica+alma+Sexo and Evita?", "answer": {"text": "a new studio album,", "answer_start": 535, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this album a big hit?", "answer": {"text": "represents the highest ever chart debut on the Billboard 200 for a Sony Music Latin release.", "answer_start": 801, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was some of the songs on this album?", "answer": {"text": "The Best Thing About Me Is You", "answer_start": 275, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_689e5909216a453ea441ec121704172a_1_q#6", "question": "Can you share any other songs?", "rewrite": "Aside from \"The Best Thing About Me Is You\" and \"Mal\" can you share any other songs from musica+alma+Sexo and Evita??", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ricky Martin's autobiography, Me, was published on November 2, 2010. The book became part of The New York Times Best Seller list, debuting at number five on the Hardcover Nonfiction list. A Spanish-language edition entitled Yo was published simultaneously. Martin's single, \"The Best Thing About Me Is You\" featuring Joss Stone also premiered on November 2, 2010 and peaked at number seventy-four on the Billboard Hot 100. The Spanish version, \"Lo Mejor de Mi Vida Eres Tu\" topped the Hot Latin Songs for two weeks. It was followed by a new studio album, Musica + Alma + Sexo released on January 31, 2011. It debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 and became the highest charting, primarily-Spanish language album in the United States, since Dreaming of You by Selena. Musica + Alma + Sexo also represents the highest ever chart debut on the Billboard 200 for a Sony Music Latin release. It spent two weeks at number one on the Billboard Top Latin Albums. On March 25, 2011, Martin started his Musica + Alma + Sexo World Tour, which ended on November 12, 2011. The second single from the album, \"Mas\" was released on April 5, 2011 and peaked at number seven on the Hot Dance Club Songs. \"Frio\" featuring Wisin & Yandel was chosen as the third single. 17: Greatest Hits was released on July 11, 2011 exclusively in the United Kingdom. Ricky Martin was playing Che in the Broadway revival of the show Evita, scheduled to begin previews on Broadway in March 2012, ahead of an opening in April 2012. He received mixed reviews. Martin guest-starred as a Spanish teacher on the Fox TV show Glee episode \"The Spanish Teacher\" on February 7, 2012.", "The female lead is portrayed by Argentinian top model, Paula Chaves. The video, directed by Carlos P\u00e9rez, premiered on July 21, 2011. P\u00e9rez worked with Martin on few of his previous videos, including: \"Tal Vez,\" \"Jaleo\" and \"The Best Thing About Me Is You.\" \"M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\" contains the original solo version of the song and a remix featuring Wisin & Yandel. The latter was released as a single on July 18, 2011 as Remix Radio Edit. One week earlier, on July 11, 2011, the new version of \"Fr\u00edo\" remixed by Wally L\u00f3pez was also released as a digital download. Remix created by L\u00f3pez was included later on the Fan Edition of \"M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\". Ricky Martin performed \"Fr\u00edo\" during his M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo World Tour. He also performed a medley of \"Fr\u00edo/M\u00e1s\" during the Premios Juventud on July 21, 2011. \"Fr\u00edo\" was nominated for the International Dance Music Award in category Best Latin/Reggaeton Track. The music video was nominated for the Premios People en Espa\u00f1ol for Mejor Video del A\u00f1o.", "Samba (song) \"Samba\" is a song recorded by Ricky Martin for the Brazilian edition of his album, \"M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\" (2011) and a new mix of the song was later included in the international re-release of the album entitled \"M\u00e1s M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\". It features vocals by Brazilian singer, Claudia Leitte. \" Samba\" was released as a promotional single exclusively in Brazil. Ricky Martin sings in English-language and Claudia Leitte in Portuguese. The music video was shot in Miami on July 28\u201329, 2011 and premiered on September 18, 2011. It was directed by Fl\u00e1via Moraes and features both singers dancing and singing together in different costumes. The song mixes an upbeat ballad with samba. The Brazilian edition of \"M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\" contains the album version of the song and a club remix by the DJ and producer Fernando Deeplick. The mixing of the video version is different than the ones previously known, and is featured in the re-release of the album entitled \"M\u00e1s M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\". Promotional single", "Martin revealed that he and his team \"wrote at least 60 songs and obviously, not all are in here\". The ones that felt right are in the album. I think there are songs here that can become ballads. The most important thing about this album is it\u2019s for the audience, but also for musicians. There\u2019s great musicianship here.\" Ricky Martin began a series of concerts in Puerto Rico, United States and Canada as part of his M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo World Tour. This is the eighth concert tour presented by Martin. The tour also visited Europe, and Central and South America. \"M\u00fasica + alma + sexo\" debuted at number three on the US \"Billboard\" 200, selling 32,000 copies. The album became the highest charting, primarily-Spanish language album, since Selena's number one album \"Dreaming of You\". This also represents the highest ever chart debut for a Sony Music Latin release. \"M\u00fasica + alma + sexo\" is Martin's highest-charting album since \"Ricky Martin\" debuted at number one in May 1999. It's his fourth top ten album, and his first (mostly) Spanish language album to hit the mark. Martin's previous highest-charting Spanish language album was \"Almas del silencio\". In total, the album has sold more than 300,000 copies worldwide. Upon its release, the album received generally favorable reviews from most music critics, based on an aggregate score of 72/100 from Metacritic. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from Allmusic rated it 3 stars (out of 5) and said that: \"Theoretically, this loosening of expectations would give him some freedom to roam on M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo, and it does to the extent that he does not feel compelled to devote the record to the English language\".", "M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo () is the ninth studio album by Puerto Rican singer-songwriter Ricky Martin. It was released on January 31, 2011 in Europe by Columbia Records and on February 1, 2011 in North America by Sony Music Latin. The album features guest appearances by Joss Stone, Natalia Jim\u00e9nez, Claudia Leitte and Puerto Rican reggaeton duo Wisin & Yandel, with contributions from musicians including Tommy Denander, John 5 and Josh Freese. It consists of songs in Spanish and English. The Deluxe Edition of Ricky Martin's new album was released at Target. It contains seven exclusive tracks, including two dance mixes, two English versions (\"Liar\", English version of \"No Te Miento\", and \"Too Late Now\", English version of \"Ser\u00e1 Ser\u00e1\") an unreleased song and solo versions of the singles \" The Best Thing About Me Is You\" and \"Lo mejor de mi vida eres t\u00fa\". The album was re-released to digital outlets on November 14, 2011 under the title \"M\u00e1s M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo\", containing new bonus material and remixes. The album received a Diamond certification for sales of over 300,000 copies. It has sold 112,000 copies in the US as of February 2015. In a \"Billboard\" interview, Martin revealed that he wrote the album between Miami and his home in Golden Beach, Florida. Desmond Child practically moved in with his entire family. He said that: \"[We] had two studios: one for the programmer, another to record bass, guitars and drums\". Talking about the album style, Ricky said: \" It\u2019s more up-tempo because I\u2019m at a point in my life where I simply want to be, and be free and not be contrived at all.\""], "answer": {"text": "Frio", "answer_start": 1194}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ricky Martin do an autobiography?", "answer": {"text": "Ricky Martin's autobiography, Me, was published on November 2, 2010.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he receive any recognition for it?", "answer": {"text": "The book became part of The New York Times Best Seller list,", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is musica+alma+Sexo and Evita?", "answer": {"text": "a new studio album,", "answer_start": 535, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this album a big hit?", "answer": {"text": "represents the highest ever chart debut on the Billboard 200 for a Sony Music Latin release.", "answer_start": 801, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was some of the songs on this album?", "answer": {"text": "The Best Thing About Me Is You", "answer_start": 275, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is another song?", "answer": {"text": "Mas", "answer_start": 1102, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_689e5909216a453ea441ec121704172a_1_q#8", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Ricky Martin's autobiography, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["One Night Only with Ricky Martin One Night Only with Ricky Martin (also known as Una Noche con Ricky Martin) was the worldwide concert tour by Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin, in support of his 2005 album \"Life\". The tour visited the Americas, Europe, Asia and Africa. Ricky Martin kicked off his tour on November 15, 2005 in Mexico. The concerts took him to ten countries in a four-week period, including Brazil and Argentina. The tour moved to the United States in early 2006. It started on January 15, 2006 in El Paso, Texas and visited many prestigious venues. Martin played a total of 20 sold-out concerts in 18 US cities, ending in February 2006 with two shows in his native land of Puerto Rico. The European leg started on April 21, 2006 in Manchester, England, and included stops in London, Italy, Finland, and France among others. The tour ended in the Middle East with concerts in Lebanon, Egypt and Israel. Shows in Italy and Finland sold-out in two hours. In addition, Martin performed at the World Cup Fan Party in Berlin by the Brandenburg Gate on June 7, 2006. MTV aired \"MTV Diary: Ricky Martin\" in November 2006, showcasing scenes from the tour, on the road and onstage.", "Evoluci\u00f3n (Menudo album) Evoluci\u00f3n is Menudo's 16th album (14th in Spanish). This album features new member Ricky Martin. Ricky Martin replaced Ricky Mel\u00e9ndez, the last member to exit from the original line-up. Ricky Mel\u00e9ndez was nearing his 17th birthday when it was decided who was going to be his replacement. Ricky Martin wasn't their first choice. Tico Torres was the name of the kid that was already traveling with the group and being introduced as the new member of the group, but for unknown reasons it was decided to give Ricky Martin the position. This is also the last album Ray Reyes recorded as a member of the group. It received a nomination for a Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album. Ricky Martin sings lead vocal on \"Rayo De Luna\", one of the group's most popular songs of the era.", "Black and White Tour The Black and White Tour (Blanco y Negro Tour) was the worldwide concert tour by Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin, in support of his 2006 album \"MTV Unplugged\". The tour visited the Americas and Europe. The show, directed for the stage by Jamie King included Ricky Martin's biggest hits, along with songs from his latest live album \"MTV Unplugged\". The two-hour show was divided into four segments: tribal, romance, revolution and, rave. The tour kicked off with four nights at the Jos\u00e9 Miguel Agrelot Coliseum in San Juan on February 9, 2007 and travelled to several countries in South and Central America. The Latin American leg of the Black and White Tour wrapped up in late March in Mexico. The North American leg started at HP Pavilion at San Jose on April 17, 2007. It took Martin to arenas in 17 cities. Three shows from May 14\u201316 were cancelled (El Paso, Glendale and Albuquerque), after Martin suffered a lower back sprain during a show in Laredo. In July 2007, Ricky Martin completed a series of sold-out arena dates in Europe, and announced the dates for a second American leg of his Black and White Tour. After playing in Puerto Rico and Mexico, the US portion of new run kicked off on September 29, 2007 at the Honda Center in Anaheim, and run through October 14, 2007. The last stop included the performance at the Madison Square Garden in New York City. Ricky Martin was also the inaugural act who played at the new Fillmore Miami Beach at the Jackie Gleason Theater on October 10\u201312, 2007. On \"Billboard's\" Top 25 Tours of the first half of 2007 (between November 15, 2006 and May 15, 2007), Ricky Martin ranked at number 19.", "Ricky Martin (1999 album) Ricky Martin is the fifth studio album by the Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin released on Columbia Records on May 11, 1999. The album is one of the best selling albums of all time and has sold more than 15 million copies, worldwide. This album is Martin's third which marketed in the United States and is his first album in English. \" Ricky Martin\" includes the singer\u2019s first number one hit on the Billboard Hot 100 \"Livin' la Vida Loca\". In a contemporary review for \"The Village Voice\", music critic Robert Christgau gave \"Ricky Martin\" a \"C\" and dismissed its \"slicked-up rhythm workouts and romantic pap\" as conventional tactics from \"one more crappy pop star\". \" Rolling Stone\" magazine's James Hunter gave it three out of five stars and felt it lacks the excitement of Martin's 1998 album \"Vuelve\" because of its remixes and Diane Warren-penned songs. However, he said that Martin's take on Latin pop is made interesting enough by highlights such as \"Livin' la Vida Loca\", \"Shake Your Bon-Bon\", and the \"perfectly constructed ballad\" sung with Madonna. In a retrospective review for AllMusic, senior editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave the album four out of five stars and said that despite moments of filler and outdated production, its songs are balanced well between uptempo dance-pop songs, power ballads, and midtempo pop songs on \"a big, bold album with something to please everyone, from his longtime Latin fans to housewives with a weakness for dramatic ballads. \" Ricky Martin\" has sold 22 million copies worldwide, becoming Martin's best selling album and one of the best-selling albums of all time.", "The Best of Ricky Martin The Best of Ricky Martin is the second compilation album by the Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin released by Columbia Records on November 12, 2001. \"The Best of Ricky Martin\" did not include any new material. The remixes of \"Amor\" were sent to radio stations in selected countries, to promote the album. \"The Best of Ricky Martin\" was not released in the United States. The album peaked at number seven in Denmark, number twelve in the Netherlands and Italy, number seventeen in Finland, and number twenty-five in Australia. In the United Kingdom it reached number forty-two. \"The Best of Ricky Martin\" was certified Platinum in Australia, and Gold in the United Kingdom and Finland. In the UK, the album has sold 177,064 copies."], "answer": {"text": "Ricky Martin was playing Che in the Broadway revival of the show Evita,", "answer_start": 1340}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ricky Martin do an autobiography?", "answer": {"text": "Ricky Martin's autobiography, Me, was published on November 2, 2010.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he receive any recognition for it?", "answer": {"text": "The book became part of The New York Times Best Seller list,", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is musica+alma+Sexo and Evita?", "answer": {"text": "a new studio album,", "answer_start": 535, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this album a big hit?", "answer": {"text": "represents the highest ever chart debut on the Billboard 200 for a Sony Music Latin release.", "answer_start": 801, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was some of the songs on this album?", "answer": {"text": "The Best Thing About Me Is You", "answer_start": 275, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is another song?", "answer": {"text": "Mas", "answer_start": 1102, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you share any other songs?", "answer": {"text": "Frio", "answer_start": 1194, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards for this album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_44696e15665c475dadb114cdccde3630_1_q#0", "question": "What did Daniel Pipes do after college?", "rewrite": "What did Daniel Pipes do after college?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Middle East Quarterly Middle East Quarterly (MEQ) is a quarterly journal, a publication of the think tank Middle East Forum (MEF) founded by Daniel Pipes in 1994. It is devoted to subjects relating to the Middle East and Islam, and analyzes the region \"explicitly from the viewpoint of American interests\". From its inception, content in \"MEQ\" was not peer-reviewed because its editors felt that most experts in the field were insufficiently devoted to advancing American interests. In 2009, the editors of \"MEQ\" stated that it would institute peer review, utilizing expert reviewers whom the editors deemed \"not hostile to the United States and its allies\". \" Middle East Quarterly\"s publisher, the Philadelphia-based Middle East Forum, is a think tank founded in 1990 by historian and columnist Daniel Pipes, who also serves as its director. The Forum founded \"Middle East Quarterly\" in 1994. According to the Middle East Forum, \"Middle East Quarterly\" deals with \"Middle Eastern affairs\". It states that: \"[P]olicy-makers, opinion-makers, academics, and journalists\" consult it \"for in-depth analysis of the rapidly-changing landscape of the world's most volatile region\" and that it publishes \"groundbreaking studies, exclusive interviews, insightful commentary, and hard-hitting reviews that tackle the entire range of contemporary concerns \u2013 from politics to economics to culture, across a region that stretches from Morocco to Afghanistan.\" One of its goals was also to provide a voice to academics who felt that the mainstream academic press was not giving voice to their views on Islam. Until 2009, it did no peer review, leaving nearly all publishing decisions with its editors.", "Middle East Forum The Middle East Forum (MEF) is an American conservative think tank founded in 1990 by Daniel Pipes, who serves as its president. MEF became an independent non-profit organization in 1994. It publishes a journal, the \"Middle East Quarterly\". According to the organization's website, they promote \"American interests and works to protect Western civilization from the threat of Islamism\", advocate strong ties with Israel and other democracies as they emerge, work for human rights throughout the region; seek a stable supply and a low price of oil; and promote the peaceful settlement of regional and international disputes. The Middle East Forum, a 501(c)3, has established the Legal Project to protect researchers and analysts who work on the topics of Islam and related topics from lawsuits designed to silence their exercise of free speech and to discuss key issues of public concern. The Legal Project aided Geert Wilders' legal defense when he faced a criminal indictment for his views in 2009. The \"Middle East Quarterly\" (\"MEQ\") is a quarterly journal devoted to Middle Eastern affairs. It was founded in 1994 by Daniel Pipes and the current editor is Efraim Karsh, Research Professor and former Director of Middle East and Mediterranean Studies at King's College London.\" In 2002, the Middle East Forum initiated the Campus Watch program and identified what it finds to be the five major problems in the teaching of Middle Eastern studies at American universities: \"analytical failures, the mixing of politics with scholarship, intolerance of alternative views, apologetics, and the abuse of power over students.\" Winfield Myers is the current director of Campus Watch (2007). Initially, Campus Watch published a list of problematic instructors, which led some professors to accuse Campus Watch of \"McCarthyesque\" intimidation; in protest, more than 100 other academics asked to be listed too.", "After two weeks, Campus Watch removed the dossiers from its website. It continues to collect information from students, though it no longer publishes such dossiers. According to Juan Cole, one of the professors who was subject to Campus Watch's dossiers, the website continued to spread false information about him even after the dossiers were removed: \"The removal of the individual dossiers is merely a cosmetic change, since the same academics are still being spied on, only under the rubric of spying on their campuses instead.\" An article in \"The Nation\" suggests that Daniel Pipes is \"an anti-Arab propagandist\", and his Campus Watch project aims to \"smear\" academics critical of the Israeli occupation or of American foreign policy. Campus Watch's project was identified, in \"The Nation\" and elsewhere, as resembling a decades-old AIPAC project: Joel Beinin, who has often been criticized by Campus Watch, has accused Daniel Pipes of being \"beholden to Israeli right wing politics.\" According to Beinin, \"After failing in his own pursuit of an academic career, Pipes has evidently decided to take revenge on the scholarly community that rejected him\", in the form of the Campus Watch website. Pipes strongly denied Beinin's charges, writing that he was \"offered a tenure-track position and turned it down, preferring to write than teach\". while simultaneously attacking Beinin \"of credentialitis, the disease that places more emphasis on qualifications than achievements\" and the fact that \"Harvard's doctoral program in history turned him down but awarded me a Ph.D..\" Beinin has also alleged that Campus Watch \"makes comments\" about the ethnic and cultural background of scholars.", "Efforts include briefings by legal experts on how to avoid libelous statements, and consultations with libel lawyers before publishing on certain topics.\" The Middle East Intelligence Bulletin was jointly published by the and the Middle East Forum. It was, from 1999-2004, a free monthly publication, that provided analysis of political and strategic developments in Lebanon, Syria & the Middle East. The staff included: Gary C. Gambill as editor, Daniel Pipes and Ziad K. Abdelnour as publishers. The Editorial Board includes Thomas Patrick Carroll, Michael Rubin and Youssef Haddad. Mahan Abedin serves as London correspondent. The Israel Victory Project, launched in 2017, is an initiative aimed at securing an end to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by putting pressure on Palestinians to end anti-Israel terrorism and acknowledge Israel's legitimacy as a Jewish state, rather than through bilateral negotiations. Daniel Pipes has stated that \"Peace is not made with enemies; peace is made with former enemies.\" According to a report by the Center for American Progress published in 2011 the two main contributors to the Middle East Forum were Donors Capital Fund and Rosenwald Fund. In 2018, the MEF boasted that it had been \"heavily involved\" in the release from prison of British anti-Islam activist and far-right political operative Tommy Robinson, who is best known as a co-founder, former spokesman and former leader of the English Defence League (EDL) organisation, and for his recent service as a political adviser to the leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP), Gerard Batten.", "Militant Islam Reaches America Militant Islam Reaches America is a book written by historian Daniel Pipes, published in 2002. It focuses on Islamic fundamentalism and Islamism, reflecting Pipes' view that, as he said in 1995, \"Unnoticed by most Westerners, war has been unilaterally declared on Europe and the United States.\" The book is a collection of Pipes' essays, published in the decade that ended in 2001. In \"Militant Islam\" Pipes contradicts the consensus view of scholars and journalists including Judith Miller, Fouad Ajami, Olivier Roy who argued in the wake of the September 11 attacks that militant Islam of he type represented by Al Qaeda had peaked and was fading into insignificance; Pipes asserted that Islamism had been \"on the ascendant for a full quarter-century,\" and was on the ascent."], "answer": {"text": "Pipes largely left academia after 1986, though in 2007 he taught a course titled \"International Relations: Islam and Politics", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_44696e15665c475dadb114cdccde3630_1_q#1", "question": "What college did Daniel Pipes teach at?", "rewrite": "What college did Daniel Pipes teach at?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Middle East Quarterly Middle East Quarterly (MEQ) is a quarterly journal, a publication of the think tank Middle East Forum (MEF) founded by Daniel Pipes in 1994. It is devoted to subjects relating to the Middle East and Islam, and analyzes the region \"explicitly from the viewpoint of American interests\". From its inception, content in \"MEQ\" was not peer-reviewed because its editors felt that most experts in the field were insufficiently devoted to advancing American interests. In 2009, the editors of \"MEQ\" stated that it would institute peer review, utilizing expert reviewers whom the editors deemed \"not hostile to the United States and its allies\". \" Middle East Quarterly\"s publisher, the Philadelphia-based Middle East Forum, is a think tank founded in 1990 by historian and columnist Daniel Pipes, who also serves as its director. The Forum founded \"Middle East Quarterly\" in 1994. According to the Middle East Forum, \"Middle East Quarterly\" deals with \"Middle Eastern affairs\". It states that: \"[P]olicy-makers, opinion-makers, academics, and journalists\" consult it \"for in-depth analysis of the rapidly-changing landscape of the world's most volatile region\" and that it publishes \"groundbreaking studies, exclusive interviews, insightful commentary, and hard-hitting reviews that tackle the entire range of contemporary concerns \u2013 from politics to economics to culture, across a region that stretches from Morocco to Afghanistan.\" One of its goals was also to provide a voice to academics who felt that the mainstream academic press was not giving voice to their views on Islam. Until 2009, it did no peer review, leaving nearly all publishing decisions with its editors.", "Efforts include briefings by legal experts on how to avoid libelous statements, and consultations with libel lawyers before publishing on certain topics.\" The Middle East Intelligence Bulletin was jointly published by the and the Middle East Forum. It was, from 1999-2004, a free monthly publication, that provided analysis of political and strategic developments in Lebanon, Syria & the Middle East. The staff included: Gary C. Gambill as editor, Daniel Pipes and Ziad K. Abdelnour as publishers. The Editorial Board includes Thomas Patrick Carroll, Michael Rubin and Youssef Haddad. Mahan Abedin serves as London correspondent. The Israel Victory Project, launched in 2017, is an initiative aimed at securing an end to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by putting pressure on Palestinians to end anti-Israel terrorism and acknowledge Israel's legitimacy as a Jewish state, rather than through bilateral negotiations. Daniel Pipes has stated that \"Peace is not made with enemies; peace is made with former enemies.\" According to a report by the Center for American Progress published in 2011 the two main contributors to the Middle East Forum were Donors Capital Fund and Rosenwald Fund. In 2018, the MEF boasted that it had been \"heavily involved\" in the release from prison of British anti-Islam activist and far-right political operative Tommy Robinson, who is best known as a co-founder, former spokesman and former leader of the English Defence League (EDL) organisation, and for his recent service as a political adviser to the leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP), Gerard Batten.", "Militant Islam Reaches America Militant Islam Reaches America is a book written by historian Daniel Pipes, published in 2002. It focuses on Islamic fundamentalism and Islamism, reflecting Pipes' view that, as he said in 1995, \"Unnoticed by most Westerners, war has been unilaterally declared on Europe and the United States.\" The book is a collection of Pipes' essays, published in the decade that ended in 2001. In \"Militant Islam\" Pipes contradicts the consensus view of scholars and journalists including Judith Miller, Fouad Ajami, Olivier Roy who argued in the wake of the September 11 attacks that militant Islam of he type represented by Al Qaeda had peaked and was fading into insignificance; Pipes asserted that Islamism had been \"on the ascendant for a full quarter-century,\" and was on the ascent.", "Middle East Forum The Middle East Forum (MEF) is an American conservative think tank founded in 1990 by Daniel Pipes, who serves as its president. MEF became an independent non-profit organization in 1994. It publishes a journal, the \"Middle East Quarterly\". According to the organization's website, they promote \"American interests and works to protect Western civilization from the threat of Islamism\", advocate strong ties with Israel and other democracies as they emerge, work for human rights throughout the region; seek a stable supply and a low price of oil; and promote the peaceful settlement of regional and international disputes. The Middle East Forum, a 501(c)3, has established the Legal Project to protect researchers and analysts who work on the topics of Islam and related topics from lawsuits designed to silence their exercise of free speech and to discuss key issues of public concern. The Legal Project aided Geert Wilders' legal defense when he faced a criminal indictment for his views in 2009. The \"Middle East Quarterly\" (\"MEQ\") is a quarterly journal devoted to Middle Eastern affairs. It was founded in 1994 by Daniel Pipes and the current editor is Efraim Karsh, Research Professor and former Director of Middle East and Mediterranean Studies at King's College London.\" In 2002, the Middle East Forum initiated the Campus Watch program and identified what it finds to be the five major problems in the teaching of Middle Eastern studies at American universities: \"analytical failures, the mixing of politics with scholarship, intolerance of alternative views, apologetics, and the abuse of power over students.\" Winfield Myers is the current director of Campus Watch (2007). Initially, Campus Watch published a list of problematic instructors, which led some professors to accuse Campus Watch of \"McCarthyesque\" intimidation; in protest, more than 100 other academics asked to be listed too.", "After two weeks, Campus Watch removed the dossiers from its website. It continues to collect information from students, though it no longer publishes such dossiers. According to Juan Cole, one of the professors who was subject to Campus Watch's dossiers, the website continued to spread false information about him even after the dossiers were removed: \"The removal of the individual dossiers is merely a cosmetic change, since the same academics are still being spied on, only under the rubric of spying on their campuses instead.\" An article in \"The Nation\" suggests that Daniel Pipes is \"an anti-Arab propagandist\", and his Campus Watch project aims to \"smear\" academics critical of the Israeli occupation or of American foreign policy. Campus Watch's project was identified, in \"The Nation\" and elsewhere, as resembling a decades-old AIPAC project: Joel Beinin, who has often been criticized by Campus Watch, has accused Daniel Pipes of being \"beholden to Israeli right wing politics.\" According to Beinin, \"After failing in his own pursuit of an academic career, Pipes has evidently decided to take revenge on the scholarly community that rejected him\", in the form of the Campus Watch website. Pipes strongly denied Beinin's charges, writing that he was \"offered a tenure-track position and turned it down, preferring to write than teach\". while simultaneously attacking Beinin \"of credentialitis, the disease that places more emphasis on qualifications than achievements\" and the fact that \"Harvard's doctoral program in history turned him down but awarded me a Ph.D..\" Beinin has also alleged that Campus Watch \"makes comments\" about the ethnic and cultural background of scholars."], "answer": {"text": "Pepperdine University's School of Public Policy.", "answer_start": 154}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Daniel Pipes do after college?", "answer": {"text": "Pipes largely left academia after 1986, though in 2007 he taught a course titled \"International Relations: Islam and Politics", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_44696e15665c475dadb114cdccde3630_1_q#4", "question": "What did Daniel Pipes do after teaching college?", "rewrite": "What did Daniel Pipes do after teaching college?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After two weeks, Campus Watch removed the dossiers from its website. It continues to collect information from students, though it no longer publishes such dossiers. According to Juan Cole, one of the professors who was subject to Campus Watch's dossiers, the website continued to spread false information about him even after the dossiers were removed: \"The removal of the individual dossiers is merely a cosmetic change, since the same academics are still being spied on, only under the rubric of spying on their campuses instead.\" An article in \"The Nation\" suggests that Daniel Pipes is \"an anti-Arab propagandist\", and his Campus Watch project aims to \"smear\" academics critical of the Israeli occupation or of American foreign policy. Campus Watch's project was identified, in \"The Nation\" and elsewhere, as resembling a decades-old AIPAC project: Joel Beinin, who has often been criticized by Campus Watch, has accused Daniel Pipes of being \"beholden to Israeli right wing politics.\" According to Beinin, \"After failing in his own pursuit of an academic career, Pipes has evidently decided to take revenge on the scholarly community that rejected him\", in the form of the Campus Watch website. Pipes strongly denied Beinin's charges, writing that he was \"offered a tenure-track position and turned it down, preferring to write than teach\". while simultaneously attacking Beinin \"of credentialitis, the disease that places more emphasis on qualifications than achievements\" and the fact that \"Harvard's doctoral program in history turned him down but awarded me a Ph.D..\" Beinin has also alleged that Campus Watch \"makes comments\" about the ethnic and cultural background of scholars.", "The decision was made by the archdiocese to abandon the site and build a new seminary in Cardross. The seminary was moved to Darleith House in Cardross and then Kilmahew House, before the new purpose-built St Peter's Seminary in Cardross was ready in 1966. In 1966, to replace the seminary, a teaching college was built on the site. It was designed by the same architects as St Peter's Seminary, Cardross, the firm of Gillespie, Kidd & Coia (GKC). It was built in a U-shape, with two teaching blocks, a physical education building and five student accommodation buildings. In 1969, the complex was opened, as the Notre Dame College of Education. In 1981, it merged with Craiglockhart College and was renamed St Andrew's College of Education. On 4 March 1998, it was registered as a category A listed building. In 1999, it joined with University of Glasgow to become the Faculty of Education of the University of Glasgow. In 2002, the teaching college was relocated and the site was declared surplus to university requirements. After negotiations between Historic Scotland and East Dunbartonshire Council, it was decided to demolish the site and built a school. The new building was built under a public private partnership. In August 2010 the new site for Bearsden Academy opened to staff and students.", "Middle East Forum The Middle East Forum (MEF) is an American conservative think tank founded in 1990 by Daniel Pipes, who serves as its president. MEF became an independent non-profit organization in 1994. It publishes a journal, the \"Middle East Quarterly\". According to the organization's website, they promote \"American interests and works to protect Western civilization from the threat of Islamism\", advocate strong ties with Israel and other democracies as they emerge, work for human rights throughout the region; seek a stable supply and a low price of oil; and promote the peaceful settlement of regional and international disputes. The Middle East Forum, a 501(c)3, has established the Legal Project to protect researchers and analysts who work on the topics of Islam and related topics from lawsuits designed to silence their exercise of free speech and to discuss key issues of public concern. The Legal Project aided Geert Wilders' legal defense when he faced a criminal indictment for his views in 2009. The \"Middle East Quarterly\" (\"MEQ\") is a quarterly journal devoted to Middle Eastern affairs. It was founded in 1994 by Daniel Pipes and the current editor is Efraim Karsh, Research Professor and former Director of Middle East and Mediterranean Studies at King's College London.\" In 2002, the Middle East Forum initiated the Campus Watch program and identified what it finds to be the five major problems in the teaching of Middle Eastern studies at American universities: \"analytical failures, the mixing of politics with scholarship, intolerance of alternative views, apologetics, and the abuse of power over students.\" Winfield Myers is the current director of Campus Watch (2007). Initially, Campus Watch published a list of problematic instructors, which led some professors to accuse Campus Watch of \"McCarthyesque\" intimidation; in protest, more than 100 other academics asked to be listed too.", "Efforts include briefings by legal experts on how to avoid libelous statements, and consultations with libel lawyers before publishing on certain topics.\" The Middle East Intelligence Bulletin was jointly published by the and the Middle East Forum. It was, from 1999-2004, a free monthly publication, that provided analysis of political and strategic developments in Lebanon, Syria & the Middle East. The staff included: Gary C. Gambill as editor, Daniel Pipes and Ziad K. Abdelnour as publishers. The Editorial Board includes Thomas Patrick Carroll, Michael Rubin and Youssef Haddad. Mahan Abedin serves as London correspondent. The Israel Victory Project, launched in 2017, is an initiative aimed at securing an end to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by putting pressure on Palestinians to end anti-Israel terrorism and acknowledge Israel's legitimacy as a Jewish state, rather than through bilateral negotiations. Daniel Pipes has stated that \"Peace is not made with enemies; peace is made with former enemies.\" According to a report by the Center for American Progress published in 2011 the two main contributors to the Middle East Forum were Donors Capital Fund and Rosenwald Fund. In 2018, the MEF boasted that it had been \"heavily involved\" in the release from prison of British anti-Islam activist and far-right political operative Tommy Robinson, who is best known as a co-founder, former spokesman and former leader of the English Defence League (EDL) organisation, and for his recent service as a political adviser to the leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP), Gerard Batten.", "Middle East Quarterly Middle East Quarterly (MEQ) is a quarterly journal, a publication of the think tank Middle East Forum (MEF) founded by Daniel Pipes in 1994. It is devoted to subjects relating to the Middle East and Islam, and analyzes the region \"explicitly from the viewpoint of American interests\". From its inception, content in \"MEQ\" was not peer-reviewed because its editors felt that most experts in the field were insufficiently devoted to advancing American interests. In 2009, the editors of \"MEQ\" stated that it would institute peer review, utilizing expert reviewers whom the editors deemed \"not hostile to the United States and its allies\". \" Middle East Quarterly\"s publisher, the Philadelphia-based Middle East Forum, is a think tank founded in 1990 by historian and columnist Daniel Pipes, who also serves as its director. The Forum founded \"Middle East Quarterly\" in 1994. According to the Middle East Forum, \"Middle East Quarterly\" deals with \"Middle Eastern affairs\". It states that: \"[P]olicy-makers, opinion-makers, academics, and journalists\" consult it \"for in-depth analysis of the rapidly-changing landscape of the world's most volatile region\" and that it publishes \"groundbreaking studies, exclusive interviews, insightful commentary, and hard-hitting reviews that tackle the entire range of contemporary concerns \u2013 from politics to economics to culture, across a region that stretches from Morocco to Afghanistan.\" One of its goals was also to provide a voice to academics who felt that the mainstream academic press was not giving voice to their views on Islam. Until 2009, it did no peer review, leaving nearly all publishing decisions with its editors."], "answer": {"text": "He established Campus Watch as a project of the Middle East Forum in 2002,", "answer_start": 799}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Daniel Pipes do after college?", "answer": {"text": "Pipes largely left academia after 1986, though in 2007 he taught a course titled \"International Relations: Islam and Politics", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What college did Daniel Pipes teach at?", "answer": {"text": "Pepperdine University's School of Public Policy.", "answer_start": 154, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Daniel Pipes a problem at college?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Daniel Pipes involved with any protests at colleges?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_44696e15665c475dadb114cdccde3630_1_q#7", "question": "How did Daniel Pipes affect the United States?", "rewrite": "How did Daniel Pipes affect the United States?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Efforts include briefings by legal experts on how to avoid libelous statements, and consultations with libel lawyers before publishing on certain topics.\" The Middle East Intelligence Bulletin was jointly published by the and the Middle East Forum. It was, from 1999-2004, a free monthly publication, that provided analysis of political and strategic developments in Lebanon, Syria & the Middle East. The staff included: Gary C. Gambill as editor, Daniel Pipes and Ziad K. Abdelnour as publishers. The Editorial Board includes Thomas Patrick Carroll, Michael Rubin and Youssef Haddad. Mahan Abedin serves as London correspondent. The Israel Victory Project, launched in 2017, is an initiative aimed at securing an end to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by putting pressure on Palestinians to end anti-Israel terrorism and acknowledge Israel's legitimacy as a Jewish state, rather than through bilateral negotiations. Daniel Pipes has stated that \"Peace is not made with enemies; peace is made with former enemies.\" According to a report by the Center for American Progress published in 2011 the two main contributors to the Middle East Forum were Donors Capital Fund and Rosenwald Fund. In 2018, the MEF boasted that it had been \"heavily involved\" in the release from prison of British anti-Islam activist and far-right political operative Tommy Robinson, who is best known as a co-founder, former spokesman and former leader of the English Defence League (EDL) organisation, and for his recent service as a political adviser to the leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP), Gerard Batten.", "After two weeks, Campus Watch removed the dossiers from its website. It continues to collect information from students, though it no longer publishes such dossiers. According to Juan Cole, one of the professors who was subject to Campus Watch's dossiers, the website continued to spread false information about him even after the dossiers were removed: \"The removal of the individual dossiers is merely a cosmetic change, since the same academics are still being spied on, only under the rubric of spying on their campuses instead.\" An article in \"The Nation\" suggests that Daniel Pipes is \"an anti-Arab propagandist\", and his Campus Watch project aims to \"smear\" academics critical of the Israeli occupation or of American foreign policy. Campus Watch's project was identified, in \"The Nation\" and elsewhere, as resembling a decades-old AIPAC project: Joel Beinin, who has often been criticized by Campus Watch, has accused Daniel Pipes of being \"beholden to Israeli right wing politics.\" According to Beinin, \"After failing in his own pursuit of an academic career, Pipes has evidently decided to take revenge on the scholarly community that rejected him\", in the form of the Campus Watch website. Pipes strongly denied Beinin's charges, writing that he was \"offered a tenure-track position and turned it down, preferring to write than teach\". while simultaneously attacking Beinin \"of credentialitis, the disease that places more emphasis on qualifications than achievements\" and the fact that \"Harvard's doctoral program in history turned him down but awarded me a Ph.D..\" Beinin has also alleged that Campus Watch \"makes comments\" about the ethnic and cultural background of scholars.", "Middle East Forum The Middle East Forum (MEF) is an American conservative think tank founded in 1990 by Daniel Pipes, who serves as its president. MEF became an independent non-profit organization in 1994. It publishes a journal, the \"Middle East Quarterly\". According to the organization's website, they promote \"American interests and works to protect Western civilization from the threat of Islamism\", advocate strong ties with Israel and other democracies as they emerge, work for human rights throughout the region; seek a stable supply and a low price of oil; and promote the peaceful settlement of regional and international disputes. The Middle East Forum, a 501(c)3, has established the Legal Project to protect researchers and analysts who work on the topics of Islam and related topics from lawsuits designed to silence their exercise of free speech and to discuss key issues of public concern. The Legal Project aided Geert Wilders' legal defense when he faced a criminal indictment for his views in 2009. The \"Middle East Quarterly\" (\"MEQ\") is a quarterly journal devoted to Middle Eastern affairs. It was founded in 1994 by Daniel Pipes and the current editor is Efraim Karsh, Research Professor and former Director of Middle East and Mediterranean Studies at King's College London.\" In 2002, the Middle East Forum initiated the Campus Watch program and identified what it finds to be the five major problems in the teaching of Middle Eastern studies at American universities: \"analytical failures, the mixing of politics with scholarship, intolerance of alternative views, apologetics, and the abuse of power over students.\" Winfield Myers is the current director of Campus Watch (2007). Initially, Campus Watch published a list of problematic instructors, which led some professors to accuse Campus Watch of \"McCarthyesque\" intimidation; in protest, more than 100 other academics asked to be listed too.", "Militant Islam Reaches America Militant Islam Reaches America is a book written by historian Daniel Pipes, published in 2002. It focuses on Islamic fundamentalism and Islamism, reflecting Pipes' view that, as he said in 1995, \"Unnoticed by most Westerners, war has been unilaterally declared on Europe and the United States.\" The book is a collection of Pipes' essays, published in the decade that ended in 2001. In \"Militant Islam\" Pipes contradicts the consensus view of scholars and journalists including Judith Miller, Fouad Ajami, Olivier Roy who argued in the wake of the September 11 attacks that militant Islam of he type represented by Al Qaeda had peaked and was fading into insignificance; Pipes asserted that Islamism had been \"on the ascendant for a full quarter-century,\" and was on the ascent.", "Middle East Quarterly Middle East Quarterly (MEQ) is a quarterly journal, a publication of the think tank Middle East Forum (MEF) founded by Daniel Pipes in 1994. It is devoted to subjects relating to the Middle East and Islam, and analyzes the region \"explicitly from the viewpoint of American interests\". From its inception, content in \"MEQ\" was not peer-reviewed because its editors felt that most experts in the field were insufficiently devoted to advancing American interests. In 2009, the editors of \"MEQ\" stated that it would institute peer review, utilizing expert reviewers whom the editors deemed \"not hostile to the United States and its allies\". \" Middle East Quarterly\"s publisher, the Philadelphia-based Middle East Forum, is a think tank founded in 1990 by historian and columnist Daniel Pipes, who also serves as its director. The Forum founded \"Middle East Quarterly\" in 1994. According to the Middle East Forum, \"Middle East Quarterly\" deals with \"Middle Eastern affairs\". It states that: \"[P]olicy-makers, opinion-makers, academics, and journalists\" consult it \"for in-depth analysis of the rapidly-changing landscape of the world's most volatile region\" and that it publishes \"groundbreaking studies, exclusive interviews, insightful commentary, and hard-hitting reviews that tackle the entire range of contemporary concerns \u2013 from politics to economics to culture, across a region that stretches from Morocco to Afghanistan.\" One of its goals was also to provide a voice to academics who felt that the mainstream academic press was not giving voice to their views on Islam. Until 2009, it did no peer review, leaving nearly all publishing decisions with its editors."], "answer": {"text": "Senate against Pipes' nomination. Senator Tom Harkin said that he was \"offended\" by Pipes' comments on Islam,", "answer_start": 1148}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Daniel Pipes do after college?", "answer": {"text": "Pipes largely left academia after 1986, though in 2007 he taught a course titled \"International Relations: Islam and Politics", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What college did Daniel Pipes teach at?", "answer": {"text": "Pepperdine University's School of Public Policy.", "answer_start": 154, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Daniel Pipes a problem at college?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Daniel Pipes involved with any protests at colleges?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Daniel Pipes do after teaching college?", "answer": {"text": "He established Campus Watch as a project of the Middle East Forum in 2002,", "answer_start": 799, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are his dealings with Campus Watch?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Daniel Pipes have to do with the Legal Project?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b62e2d9de155483788566dc515aec3ec_0_q#0", "question": "what happened to Common (rapper band) in 1996?", "rewrite": "what happened to Common (rapper band) in 1996?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Schools that serve Estelle for middle school are Ellender PK-8, Truman Middle in Estelle, and Worley Middle in Harvey. Most residents are zoned to John Ehret High School, while some are zoned to L.W. Higgins High School in Marrero. In regards to advanced studies academies, residents are zoned to the Marrero Academy. Previously Ellender was solely a middle school, and Estelle was divided between Ellender and Truman at the middle school level. Therefore, Ellender did not serve any portions of Estelle at the elementary level.", "Voyeurism is self-reported sexual arousal from spying on others or the observation of others who are engaged in sexual interaction. Exhibitionism a public act of exposing parts of one's body that are not socially acceptable to be exposed. Exhibitionistic acts are among the most common of the potentially law-breaking sexual behaviors. Examples of this would include \"streaking\" during a professional sporting event or protesting a political event in the nude. Frotteurism is considered a rare paraphilia that revolves around an individuals sexual satisfaction being derived from rubbing upon another non-consenting individual. The term frotteurism itself can be broken down and derived from the French verb \"fritter\" which means rubbing or \"friction\". In the DSM-5 all paraphilia disorders can be diagnosed by two main criteria that are referred to criteria A and criteria B respectively. The A and B criteria include a duration in which the behavior must be present for (typically six months) and specific details of actions or thoughts that are correlated specifically with the respective disorder being diagnosed. Psychosexual disorders can vary greatly in severity and treatability. Medical professionals and licensed therapists are necessary in diagnosis and treatment plans. Treatment can vary from therapy to prescription medication. Sex therapy, behavioral therapy, and group therapy may be helpful to those suffering distress from sexual dysfunction. More serious sexual perversions may be treated with androgen blockers or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to help restore hormonal and neurochemical balances. Sigmund Freud has contributed to the idea of psychosexual disorders and furthered research of the topic through his ideas of psychosexual development and his psychoanalytic sex drive theory. According to Freud's ideas of psychosexual development, as a child, one will progress through five stages of development.", "So many prime street cuts have been given away to comps, mixtapes, and soundtracks in the five years since Kiss of Death was released that only the slick, polished numbers remain, save the misleading kickoff \"Pain & Torture.\" Steve Jones of \"USA Today\" said, \"Though \"Kiss\" isn't as gritty as his previous efforts \u2014 a sign of maturity, perhaps \u2014 he still serves up plenty of bangers for hard cases. There's no shortage of songs boasting of his accomplishments, 'hood credentials and microphone prowess. But he also takes a broader view and more varied sonic palette.\" HipHopDX said, \"Even if there are a handful of tracks that should've been shaved off, there's nothing outright bad on \"The Last Kiss\" and a lot that's good. It probably won't be a standout in his overall catalogue when its all said and done (especially compared to the disgracefully underrated \"Kiss of Death\") but it's a solid entry nonetheless. A good album from a great rapper--give it your time.\" Simon Vozick-Levinson of \"Entertainment Weekly\" said, \"When he caters to changed times, the results are forgettable. But when he stays in his lane, there\u2019s no one who can snarl a couplet quite like him.\" The album debuted at number three on the Billboard 200, selling 134,520 copies in its first week. Jadakiss later responded to the sales, by explaining he was pleased with the album's overall success, and that it has since been attributed to traditional marketing.", "The soundtrack album, consists of nine songs in the Tamil version, while it consists eight songs in the Telugu and Hindi version. The album consists of one acapella song, only in the Tamil version of the soundtrack album. The lyrics for the songs were written by Kabilan, Umadevi, Arunraja Kamaraj, Arivu and rap portions were penned by Logan and Roshan Jamrock. Dharavi-based street rapper band , Dopeadelicz also contributed to the album, by writing and also performing three songs. Celebrity singers also sung the songs, which included Shankar Mahadevan, and Vijay Prakash. Ananthu, Pradeep Kumar, Dhee also sung the songs for the film. Malaysian rapper Yogi B rendered one song, which is reported to be the theme music of the film. His rap portions were used in the teaser of the movie, only in Tamil version. On 29 April 2018, Dhanush, the producer of the film on his official Twitter account, stated that the audio launch for the film, will take place on 9 May 2018. The audio rights were secured by Wunderbar Studios, a subsidiary of the production house Wunderbar Films, alongside with Divo. Following, the audio release announcement and on 30 April 2018, the makers announced that, the first single track from the film, titled as \"Semma Weightu\" will be released on 1 May 2018. An album preview was released on 7 May 2018, on YouTube where director Pa. Ranjith, and Santhosh Narayanan, shared their views by expressing their opinion about working for the film's soundtrack. The tracklist was released on 8 May 2018.", "After Giovanni's dumped by Augustina, he tries to hit on Lola but Dante comes to her rescue and they walk away together like boyfriend and girlfriend. Marcelino is a little orphan boy that Roberta brings to the school in the 1st season. She hides him out in the back of the school. Diego finds out and says that he'll tell the school but he uses Marcelino as a way to win Roberta back. Pilar finds out about Marcelino and tells the school in her paper. Marcelino is later adopted by Pepa, who works as a personal assistant for Roberta's mom (Alma Rey). But then his brother (Oso) escapes from jail and pressures him to go away with him. Later, they find him safe and sound and he is reunited with Pepa. He is a high-end fashion designer and the father of Mia. Miguel works for him, which causes him to become quite affectioned with him, treating him as if he was his son. Franco is known as \"Daddy\" (since that is how Mia calls him all the time). Franco feels some remorse for overprotecting and spoiling her in the process. Franco and Alma often engage in heated discussions, since Franco despises the kind of ladies that Alma seems to represent. Alma often calls him \"cement face\" when she gets angry at him), but as is usual in these cases, they end up falling in love. They also share a similar trait which is the fact that neither has told their daughters what has been of their parents. He has not told his daughter that her mother is still alive, he lies telling her mother died when she was very young, while Alma has kept the real identity of Roberta's father also under wraps."], "answer": {"text": "Initially scheduled for an October 1996 release, Common finally released his third album, One Day It'll All Make Sense, in September 1997.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b62e2d9de155483788566dc515aec3ec_0_q#1", "question": "how did this album do?", "rewrite": "how did One Day It'll All Make Sense (album of Common) do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Common discography The discography of Common, an American hip hop recording artist, consists of twelve studio albums, one collaborative album, two compilation albums, forty-nine singles (including fifteen as a featured artist) and twenty-one music videos. It also contains the list of Common songs. Common sold more than 2.8 million albums in the United States. Common released his first album, \"Can I Borrow a Dollar?\" (1992), and follow suit with his second album, \"Resurrection\", which met with critical acclaim, calling the album as one of the classic of the 90s. Common released his third album, \"One Day It'll All Make Sense\", which was a little commercial success, follow suit with his fourth album, \"Like Water for Chocolate\", which was met with critical acclaim from music critics, calling it the best rap album of the year. The album was also a commercial success certifying it gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). His fifth studio album \"Electric Circus\" was met with acclaim from music critics. However, it failed to meet the commercial success with \"Like Water for Chocolate\", which only peaked at number 47 on the US \"Billboard\" 200. In 2005, he was helped by Kanye West to release his 6th album \"Be\". Kanye produced the whole album and was featured on it a few times. The album helped Common to get back into the spotlight and sold 185,000 copies in its first week debuting at number 2 on the charts and also it was Common's first album to have commercial success outside the US, peaking in several territories. The album was met with universal acclaim and it was described to be Common's best album. The album was certified gold by the RIAA. His next album \"Finding Forever\" peaked at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 being his first chart-topper.", "Initially scheduled for an October 1996 release, Common finally released his third album, One Day It'll All Make Sense, in September 1997. The album took a total of two years to complete and included collaborations with artists such as Lauryn Hill, De La Soul, Q-Tip, Canibus, Black Thought, Chantay Savage, and Questlove - a future fellow member of the Soulquarians outfit. The album, which made a point of eschewing any gangsterism (in response to questions about his musical integrity), was critically acclaimed and led to a major label contract with MCA Records. In addition to releasing One Day, Common's first child, daughter Omoye Assata Lynn, was born shortly after the release of the album. As documented by hip hop journalist Raquel Cepeda, in the liner notes for the album, this event had a profound spiritual and mental effect on Common and enabled him to grow musically while becoming more responsible as an artist. She writes: Rashid found out that he was going to become a daddy in about 8 months. Stunned and confused, Rashid had life altering decisions to make with his girlfriend, Kim Jones. The situation led to the composition of his favourite cut on One Day... that offers a male slant on abortion. \"Retrospect for Life\", produced by James Poyser and No I.D. featuring Lauryn Hill (who was due on the same day as Rashid's girlfriend), is the song that is the driving force behind the project. Rashid listens to \"Retrospect for Life\" today at the mastering session geeked, as if it were for the first time. He tells me as we listen to L-Boogie wail the chorus, \"when I listen to the song now, I think about how precious her (Omoye's) life is\".", "Why Make Sense? Why Make Sense? is the sixth studio album by English electronic music band Hot Chip. It was released in the United Kingdom on 18 May 2015 via Domino and was co-produced by the band and English record producer Mark Ralph. Similar to their previous album, \"In Our Heads\" (2012), it was recorded at Ralph's London studio, Club Ralph. For vinyl and compact disc copies of \"Why Make Sense?\", the album's cover art has 130,000 variations of its design, which comprises a set of parallel lines intersecting with each other (known as a moir\u00e9 pattern) in front of a coloured background. Three official singles have been released from the album: \"Huarache Lights\", \"Need You Now\", and \"Started Right\". Band member Al Doyle explained in an interview that they considered releasing a double album, but held back so as not to be \"indulgent\". Joe Goddard added that most of the album's songs were written in three to four days, explaining that the band \"try to work really quickly so we don't work the life and soul out of it. \" In a press release for the album, Goddard stated: \"When we were recording, we were getting closer and closer to the sound we make on stage. That kind of freedom makes a massive difference to a few of the tracks on the album; to how the tracks grow.\" He also said that \"musically we all had a desire to strip things right down, not overload it with parts. It relates back to the idea of actually being a band \u2013 maybe just one guitar part and one live drum part rather than multiple layers added. Musically, it was an effort to bring a real directness to our music, the kind you'd get on old RnB records.\"", "One Day It'll All Make Sense One Day It'll All Make Sense is the third studio album by rapper Common, released on September 30, 1997 on Relativity Records. It was the follow-up to his critically acclaimed album \"Resurrection\" and the last Common album to feature producer No I.D. until Common's 2011 album \"The Dreamer/The Believer\".", "Writing in \"Library Journal\", Joshua Finnell noted that \"Bradley is emerging as a pioneering scholar in the study of hip-hop.\" In 2013, \"Book of Rhyme\"s was selected by the University of Pennsylvania as their summer reading text for first-year students, an honor previously bestowed on Michael Pollan's \"The Omnivore's Dilemma\", Chinua Achebe's \"Things Fall Apart\", and Maxine Hong Kingston's \"The Woman Warrior\". In 2010, Bradley (along with co-editor, Andrew DuBois) published \"The Anthology of Rap\", which was described as \"an English major's hip-hop bible\". At 900 pages, the Anthology collects and organizes nearly three hundred lyrics from across hip hop's history. In 2011, Bradley collaborated with the rapper and actor Common on Common's memoir, \"One Day It\u2019ll All Make Sense\". The book follows Common's life from his childhood on the South Side of Chicago to his multidimensional entertainment career today. The late author Maya Angelou called it a \u201cmagnificent memoir.\u201d The journalist and author Tour\u00e9 described it as \u201ca thoughtful and beautiful book.\u201d It won the 2012 Street Lit Book Award for Adult Nonfiction. \" One Day It\u2019ll All Make Sense\" went on to become a New York Times bestseller. In 2017, Bradley published \"The Poetry of Pop,\" which \"The Daily Telegraph\" described as \"a sort of readers\u2019 manual for pop.\" Writing in \"The Washington Post\", Michael Lindgren observed that \"Bradley deploys a formidable set of skills. He has an acute ear, dazzling command of seemingly the entire history of pop and a pleasingly wide range of taste, drawing on examples from Gershwin to Guns 'n' Roses to make his points.\""], "answer": {"text": "was critically acclaimed and led to a major label contract with MCA Records.", "answer_start": 490}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to Common (rapper band) in 1996?", "answer": {"text": "Initially scheduled for an October 1996 release, Common finally released his third album, One Day It'll All Make Sense, in September 1997.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b62e2d9de155483788566dc515aec3ec_0_q#4", "question": "what other significant things happened during these years?", "rewrite": "other than the contract with MCA Records, what other significant things happened to Common (rapper band) after 1998?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["You Are My Sunshine (LP) BMG Ariola Discos 1989 Get Up Disco Mix 12\" (12\") Epic 1990 Please Stay (12\") N.T.M. Records, Discomagic Records 1993 Rootsie & Boopsie - You Are My Sunshine (Single) \u25c4 (4 versions) MCA Records 1993 Rootsie & Boopsie - You Are My Sunshine (12\") MCA Records 1993 Rootsie & Boopsie - You Are My Sunshine (CD, Single) MCA Records 1993 Rootsie & Boopsie - You Are My Sunshine (12\") MCA Records 1993 Rootsie & Boopsie - You Are My Sunshine - Dance Remixes (CD, Single) MCA Records 1993 Someday, New Day (12\") MCA Records 1993 I Can't Stop Loving You (Maxi) \u25c4 (2 versions) MCA Music Entertainment GmbH 1994 I Can't Stop Loving You (12\") MCA Music Entertainment GmbH 1994 I Can't Stop Loving You (CD, Maxi ) MCA Records 1994 Appears On: Da Ya Think I'm Secchi (Album) \u25c4 (6 versions) Come On Baby ZYX Records 1991 Da Ya Think I'm Secchi (CD, Album) Come On Baby ZYX Records 1991 Da Ya Think I'm Secchi (CD) Come On Baby Airplay Records 1991 Da Ya Think I'm Secchi (CD) Come On Baby Epic 1991 Da Ya Think I'm Secchi (LP, Album) Come On Baby Epic 1991 Da Ya Think I'm Secchi (LP) Come On Baby ZYX Records 1991 Da Ya Think I'm Secchi (CD, Album) Come On Baby Red Bullet 1991 Bacardi Feeling (Remixes '97) (CD, Maxi) Bacardi Feeling (Radio... WEA Records (Germany) 1997 It's My Life (Maxi) \u25c4 (6 versions)", "(from the 1993 album \"Blues Summit\" on MCA Records MCA 10710) 8. Confessin' The Blues (from the 1997 album \"Deuces Wild\" on MCA Records MCA 11711) 9. Blues Man 10. I'll Survive - tracks 9 and 10 from the 1998 album \"Blues On The Bayou\" on MCA Records MCA 11879) 11. Caldonia 12. Ain't That Just Like A Woman - tracks 11 and 12 from the 1999 album \" Let The Good Times Roll: The Music Of Louis Jordan\" on MCA Records 088 112 042) 13. Monday Woman (from the 1999 album \"Makin' Love Is Good For You\" on MCA Records 088 112 241) 14. Ten Long Years [ERIC CLAPTON with B.B. KING] (from the 2000 album \"Riding With The King\" on Reprise 9 47612-2) 15. Early In The Morning [with VAN MORRISON] (from the 2005 album \"80\" on Geffen B0005263-02) 16. Key To The Highway (Live) (from the 2006 album \"Live\" on Geffen B0009770-02) 17. See That My Grave Is Kept Clean (from the 2008 album \"One Kind Favor\" on Geffen B0011791-02) The digital version of the box set duplicates the four-disc version, but omits tracks 1 and 2 on disc one. Tracks 9 and 10 from disc three (taken from the 1975 album \"Lucille Talks Back\") are removed from the set because the entire album is included as bonus tracks.", "Based on a True Story (The Starting Line album) Based on a True Story is the second studio album by American pop punk band the Starting Line. The group's label Drive-Thru Records had a distribution deal which allowed MCA Records to acquire their bands. After MCA Records was absorbed into Geffen Records in mid-2003, the band spent most of 2004 writing and demoing songs for their next album. Following pre-production in July 2004, the band began recording for \"Based on a True Story\", finishing in September. The album was recorded at various studios in New York state and California. Separate sessions were produced by Tim O'Heir, Howard Benson and Eric Rachel. Prior to the album's release, \"Bedroom Talk\" was issued as a single in April 2005, and the band went on tour debuting a handful of songs from the album. \"Based on a True Story\" was released through Drive-Thru and Geffen Records on May 10. Peaking at number 18 on the \"Billboard\" 200, the album received mixed to positive reviews. Following its release, the band went on the Warped Tour throughout the summer. While on the tour, a music video was released for \"Bedroom Talk\". Soon after, Geffen de-prioritized the album, which resulted in the band leaving the label in December. Further tours in the UK and the US followed. The Starting Line formed in 1999, signing with independent label Drive-Thru Records shortly afterwards. The band's debut album \"Say It Like You Mean It\", released in July 2002, was a joint release by Drive-Thru and major label MCA Records. MCA's distribution deal allowed it to acquire Drive-Thru Records' bands over a period of time. By the time the group sold around 300,000 copies, the band was signed to MCA Records, who saw the group's potential.", "Initial activity as MCA Records was based in London and MCA Records UK was formally launched on February 16, 1968. Among the early artists on the MCA label, around 1971, were groups Wishbone Ash, Osibisa, Stackridge and Budgie, and solo artists Tony Christie, Mick Greenwood and Roy Young. Early MCA releases were distributed by UK Decca but it moved to EMI in 1974. In 1979, distribution moved to CBS, while the last releases in the 1980s were self-distributed, mostly through WEA, though BMG was used during the 1990s. As the US division of MCA Records was not established until 1972, the earliest UK MCA Records material was released in the US on either Kapp or Decca. MCA UK also issued American Brunswick material on the MCA label until 1972, two years after MCA lost control of Brunswick, after which American Brunswick material was issued in the UK on the revived Brunswick label. Uni label material was issued on the Uni label worldwide. In 1970, MCA reorganized its Canadian record company Compo Company Ltd. into MCA Records (Canada). In April 1970, former Warner Bros. Records president Mike Maitland joined MCA and initially served as Decca's general manager. Maitland was unsuccessful in his attempt to consolidate Warner Bros. Records with co-owned Atlantic Records which led to his departure from Warner. In April 1971, Maitland supervised the consolidation of the New York-based Decca and Kapp labels plus the California-based Uni label into MCA Records based in Universal City, California, with Maitland serving as president. The three labels maintained their identities for a short time but were retired in favor of the MCA label in 1973. \" Drift Away\" by Dobie Gray became the final Decca pop label release in the U.S in 1973.", "Mother Fuyer (from the 1977 LP \"King Size\" on ABC Records AB 977) 13. When It All Comes Down (I'll Still Be Around) (from the 1978 LP \"Midnight Believer\" on ABC Records AA 1061) 14. Better Not Look Down (1979, MCA 41062, A - also on the 1979 LP \"Take It Home\" on MCA Records MCA 3151) 15. There Must Be A Better World Somewhere (1981 , MCA 51101, A - also on the 1981 LP \"There Must Be A Better World Somewhere\" on MCA Records MCA 5162) 16. Nightlife /Please Send Me Someone To Love (from the 1982 LP \"Love Me Tender\" on MCA Records MCA 5307) 17. Make Love To Me (from the 1983 LP \"Blues `N' Jazz\" on MCA Records MCA 27119) 1. Into The Night (1985, MCA 52530, A - also on the 1985 LP \"Six Silver Strings\" on MCA Records MCA 5616) 2. When Love Comes To Town [credited as U2 with B.B. KING] (1988, Island 7-99225, A - also on the U2 1988 double-album \"Rattle And Hum\" on Island 91003) 3. Take Off Your Shoes (from the 1989 LP \"King Of The Blues: 1989\" on MCA Records MCAD 42183) 4. I'm Moving On 5. There Is Always One More Time - tracks 4 and 5 from 1991 album \"There Is Always One More Time\" on MCA Records MCAD 10295) 6. Monday Morning Blues (Blues For Mr. G) (from the 1991 album \"Garfield: Am I Cool Or What? \" on GRP Records GRD 9641) 7. Playin' With My Friends [with ROBERT CRAY]"], "answer": {"text": "Rashid found out that he was going to become a daddy in about 8 months. Stunned and confused, Rashid had life altering decisions to make", "answer_start": 941}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to Common (rapper band) in 1996?", "answer": {"text": "Initially scheduled for an October 1996 release, Common finally released his third album, One Day It'll All Make Sense, in September 1997.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did this album do?", "answer": {"text": "was critically acclaimed and led to a major label contract with MCA Records.", "answer_start": 490, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which year was this contract?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened to the band in 1998?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b62e2d9de155483788566dc515aec3ec_0_q#5", "question": "what decisions did he make ?", "rewrite": "what decisions did Rashid make ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rashid bin Mohammed Al Maktoum Sheikh Rashid bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (, styled \"HH Sheikh Rashid\"; 12 November 1981 \u2013 18 September 2015) was the son of United Arab Emirates vice president, prime minister and ruler of Dubai Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum and Sheikha Hind bint Maktoum bin Juma Al Maktoum.. At the age of 33, he died, according to the official report, of a heart attack on 18 September 2015. Rashid was the second oldest son of Dubai ruler Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. Sheikh Rashid was one of Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum's many children. He was born on 12 November 1981. Rashid was educated in Dubai at the Rashid School for Boys. He then attended Sandhurst Military Academy in the United Kingdom and graduated in 2002. On 1 February 2008, Rashid was removed from the position of Crown Prince of Dubai by his father for killing a servant in a drug induced rage. His father Mohammad bin Rashid Al Maktoum appointed his younger brother Hamdan Crown Prince of Dubai. Quite why this should have happened remained unclear, with the official explanation being that the current incumbent Hamdan was simply better suited to the job. That, however, was not the explanation bandied about in the upper echelons of Emirati society at the time or among the diplomatic community. The reason for the change in succession was revealed in a confidential memo sent from the US consulate in Dubai back to Washington. In the leaked diplomatic cable \u2013 published by WikiLeaks \u2013 acting consul general David Williams wrote: \"It is alleged that Rashid killed an assistant in the Ruler's office, thereby forfeiting his opportunity to be heir.\" In January 2006 Sheikh Rashid was appointed President of the UAE Olympic Committee. However, in 2010 he resigned from his position on account of his overloaded work schedule.", "In 2008, Rashid teamed up with prizeotel Founder & CEO Marco Nussbaum, to become the exclusive Designer for the Economy-Design Hotelbrand. In 2012, Rashid had a collaboration with artist Terence Koh, for a limited edition of winter coats for the 10th anniversary of the Italian Brand Peuterey. Rashid was selected in 2014 to design several real estate developments in New York City for HAP Investments, a New York City-based International investment group. In 2016, it was announced that Rashid is designing the multimillion-dollar makeover of Temptation Resort and Spa, in Cancun Mexico. He holds honorary doctorate degrees from the OCAD University (formerly Ontario College of Art & Design) in 2006, Pratt Institute in 2014 and Corcoran College of Art & Design in 2005. And in 2016 an honorary doctorate, Doctor of Laws, or \"honoris causa\", from Carleton University. Karim is a frequent guest lecturer at conferences, speaking about the importance of design in everyday life. In 2012, Danish designer and manufacturer BoConcept collaborated with Rashid to create the Ottawa Collection, which won the Red Dot Design Award. Rashid has won the George Nelson Award in 1999 and the Canadian Designer of the Year award in 2001. In 2010 Rashid won the Pentawards, a worldwide packaging design awards competition. The award (silver) was won jointly by Box House and Karim Rashid Studio. He is the very first designer to receive this special Pentaward for his creative excellence in packaging design. In 2017 Rashid was awarded the Lawrence Israel Prize by the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York City. Rashid was born in 1960 in Cairo, Egypt to an Egyptian father and English mother. He was born with the umbilical cord wrapped around his neck and had developmental delays and a speech impediment. The family emigrated to Canada where Rashid was raised.", "Rashid Maidin Rashid Maidin (10 October 1917 \u2013 1 September 2006), sometimes given as Rashid Mahideen, was a senior leader of the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM). He was born in Kampung Gunung Mesah, Gopeng, Perak; coincidentally on the same month and year as the October Revolution in the Russian Empire. He is the eldest brother of 7 brothers and 1 sister. He received his early education at the Gunung Panjang Malay School and the Kampung Gunung Mesah Madrasah, which were both in Gopeng. He graduated at standard 5 in a Malay school. However, due to poverty Rashid dropped out of school in 1929. After leaving school, Rashid travelled and sought employment, ending up in Cameron Highlands, Pahang. While working odd jobs there, he befriended a Christian missionary who taught him to speak basic English. He furthered his proficiency in the language via correspondence courses. Later, Rashid returned to Gopeng and worked at a French-owned power station. While employed at the power station, he studied basic electrics and eventually obtained a first-class electrical chargeman certificate. He started a family with Hamidah binti Abdul Rashid, a village girl in 1938. They have 4 children, 3 sons and a daughter. The second marriage was in 1959, a comrade and a party cadet named Selamah binti Abdullah. They were gifted another daughter. Rashid was also active in the trade unions, which led him to join the CPM as the party's first Malay member. In his memoir, \"Memoir Rashid Maidin: Daripada perjuangan bersenjata kepada perdamaian (The Memoirs of Rashid Maidin: From Armed Struggle to Peace)\", Rashid justified his decision to join the CPM due to the party's strong anti-imperialist stance.", "Hussein Rashid al-Tikriti Hussein Rashid Mohammed al-Tikriti (Arabic: \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a) is a former Iraqi military commander, who formerly served as the General Secretary of the General Command of the Armed Forces of Iraq. Rashid was born in the town of Khezamia, near Tikrit, in 1940. He received his primary and secondary education in Tikrit. Rashid joined the military, and graduated from the Iraqi Military Academy in 1962 with a Bachelor's in military science. He graduated from the Iraqi Joint Staff College in 1968 with a Master's degree in military science. He also later received a PhD in the same field. Following the 2003 Invasion of Iraq Rashid was one of several individuals indicted by the Iraqi Special Tribunal for war crimes. Specifically Rashid was charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity relating to possible war crimes carried out against the Kurds during the al-Anfal campaign in 1988. At the time of the campaign Rashid was serving as Deputy Chief of Staff of the Iraqi Armed Forces. The trial began on 21 August 2006 and concluded on 24 June 2007, with Rashid, alongside several others, being found guilty and sentenced to death for war crimes and crimes against humanity. In total Rashid was sentenced to three death sentences. After his sentence was read out Rashid, alongside fellow former General Sultan Hashim Ahmad al-Tai, spoke out. As a result the chief judge, Mohammed Ureibi al-Khalifa, ordered that they should be quickly removed from the court. Rashid reportedly shouted \u201c\"Thanks be to God, we are being executed because we defended our country against thieves and criminals. We defended Iraq\".\u201d On 3 October 2007 the Iraqi authorities decided to postpone the date of Rashid's execution.", "Maher Abd al-Rashid Maher Abd al-Rashid (Arabic: ) was a General of the Iraqi army and a member of the Al-Bu Nasir tribe. Rashid rose to prominence during the Iran-Iraq war, and was regarded as one of Saddam's best generals, serving as Chief-of-Staff of the Iraqi after being brought out of a retirement that he had been forced into in 1983. Rashid also played a prominent role in helping Iraq to regain her initiative during the war. Not all assessments of Rashid were so kind, and Ra'ad al-Hamdani refers to him as \"one of the dumbest generals in the army\". High Iraqi losses during the conflict nearly led to a mutiny led by Rashid, father-in-law of Hussein's second son. Rashid began by public criticizing Saddam Hussein, and claimed that many of Iraq's casualties were caused by Saddam's meddling into military affairs. Saddam ordered him back to Baghdad due to both his public criticism and his failure to remove the Iranians from the al-Faw peninsula. Aware that an order to return to Baghdad was probably a death sentence for Rashid, his officers warned Saddam that if anything were to happen to Rashid they would mutiny. This confrontation with the military led to the greater independence of military planning from Ba'athist-leadership interference. Shortly afterwards, the Iraqi Air Force once again established air superiority. Despite this, Rashid was placed under house arrest following the end of the Iran-Iraq war in an effort to reduce the power of Generals who had become influential during the war years in order to prevent any possible coup attempts from forming. Following the Gulf War Iraq experienced a wave of uprisings and Saddam called on Rashid to help put down the uprising against the Ba'athist government."], "answer": {"text": "The situation led to the composition of his favourite cut on One Day... that offers a male slant on abortion.", "answer_start": 1110}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to Common (rapper band) in 1996?", "answer": {"text": "Initially scheduled for an October 1996 release, Common finally released his third album, One Day It'll All Make Sense, in September 1997.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did this album do?", "answer": {"text": "was critically acclaimed and led to a major label contract with MCA Records.", "answer_start": 490, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which year was this contract?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened to the band in 1998?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other significant things happened during these years?", "answer": {"text": "Rashid found out that he was going to become a daddy in about 8 months. Stunned and confused, Rashid had life altering decisions to make", "answer_start": 941, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b62e2d9de155483788566dc515aec3ec_0_q#6", "question": "what was this slant about?", "rewrite": "what was the slant on abortion in One Day of Rashid about?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Abortion fund An abortion fund is a non-profit organization that provides financial and logistical assistance to low-income women who cannot afford the costs of an abortion. Abortion funds play a role in financing abortion services in countries where abortion is legal but health insurance may not cover abortion, or where abortion is illegal and women must travel for a legal abortion. Abortion funds determine the amount of financial assistance based on individual need. Clients are interviewed individually and are expected to contribute as much as possible out-of-pocket, with the remainder provided by the fund as grant and/or repayable loan. Abortion funds rarely provide funding for the entire procedure. Some funds will combine resources with other funds to increase the grant or loan total. Most abortion funds serve a particular region or metropolitan area. Some abortion funds are related to a specific clinic, with funds available only for patients of that clinic. In addition to covering medical costs, some abortion funds provide child care, transportation assistance, meals, doula services, and other support services. Most abortion funds are funded primarily by local donors and grant-making institutions. However, in 2019, the New York City Council allocated $250,000 to a local abortion fund for patients traveling from other states to New York for an abortion. Abortion funds operate in a number of countries. The National Network of Abortion Funds is an umbrella group for local abortion funds in the United States, and operates the Tiller Memorial Fund. The Abortion Support Network serves residents of Ireland, Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, Malta and Gibraltar who need to travel for an abortion. The MARIA Abortion Fund for Social Justice provides financial, logistical and emotional support to access legal abortion services in Mexico City. Cost is a common barrier to abortion care in the United States. The cost of an abortion varies by facility, type of abortion, and gestation of the pregnancy.", "Hussein Rashid al-Tikriti Hussein Rashid Mohammed al-Tikriti (Arabic: \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a) is a former Iraqi military commander, who formerly served as the General Secretary of the General Command of the Armed Forces of Iraq. Rashid was born in the town of Khezamia, near Tikrit, in 1940. He received his primary and secondary education in Tikrit. Rashid joined the military, and graduated from the Iraqi Military Academy in 1962 with a Bachelor's in military science. He graduated from the Iraqi Joint Staff College in 1968 with a Master's degree in military science. He also later received a PhD in the same field. Following the 2003 Invasion of Iraq Rashid was one of several individuals indicted by the Iraqi Special Tribunal for war crimes. Specifically Rashid was charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity relating to possible war crimes carried out against the Kurds during the al-Anfal campaign in 1988. At the time of the campaign Rashid was serving as Deputy Chief of Staff of the Iraqi Armed Forces. The trial began on 21 August 2006 and concluded on 24 June 2007, with Rashid, alongside several others, being found guilty and sentenced to death for war crimes and crimes against humanity. In total Rashid was sentenced to three death sentences. After his sentence was read out Rashid, alongside fellow former General Sultan Hashim Ahmad al-Tai, spoke out. As a result the chief judge, Mohammed Ureibi al-Khalifa, ordered that they should be quickly removed from the court. Rashid reportedly shouted \u201c\"Thanks be to God, we are being executed because we defended our country against thieves and criminals. We defended Iraq\".\u201d On 3 October 2007 the Iraqi authorities decided to postpone the date of Rashid's execution.", "Al wajiha Al Wajiha is an Arabic drama, which was written by Asmahan Tawfik, directed by Saed Al Huwari and filmed in Kuwait. It originally aired for one season, or thirty episodes, on MBC1 and OSN Ya Hala! starting from December 15, 2014 and ending on March 3, 2014. The drama deals with a series of modern day social issues plaguing the Gulf society, and enters the homes of conservative Kuwaiti families. The show touches on a variety of relationship, mostly marital, problems that end up getting lost in the corridors of the courts. The dangers of having a secret marriage are revealed as the leading actress is left fighting for her legal rights while trying not to destroy her and her family\u2019s reputation. Rashid and Maryam are a married couple who live together thanks to the medical help they have received from Dr. Amal in order to conceive their two children Yousef and Zeid. Dr. Amal\u2019s closest friend Zeina, who was also a secretary working in Rashid\u2019s office, lives with her sister Laila and her husband AbdulRahman. Zeina has secretly been married to Rashid for three years but when she accidentally becomes pregnant, Rashid threatens to abandon her if she does not have an abortion. Zeina decides to leave Rashid and have the baby in secret. Her sister Laila and brother in law AbdulRahman raise the baby girl and allow Zeina to name her Omniya, which means wish. Omniya grows up living a normal life, but when she gets to university and accidentally falls in love with her brother Zeid, who is battling cancer, her whole world turns upside down. Souad Abdullah portrays Maryam, a stay at home mother of two children, Zeid and Yousef, and wife of Rashid.", "Rashid bin Mohammed Al Maktoum Sheikh Rashid bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (, styled \"HH Sheikh Rashid\"; 12 November 1981 \u2013 18 September 2015) was the son of United Arab Emirates vice president, prime minister and ruler of Dubai Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum and Sheikha Hind bint Maktoum bin Juma Al Maktoum.. At the age of 33, he died, according to the official report, of a heart attack on 18 September 2015. Rashid was the second oldest son of Dubai ruler Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. Sheikh Rashid was one of Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum's many children. He was born on 12 November 1981. Rashid was educated in Dubai at the Rashid School for Boys. He then attended Sandhurst Military Academy in the United Kingdom and graduated in 2002. On 1 February 2008, Rashid was removed from the position of Crown Prince of Dubai by his father for killing a servant in a drug induced rage. His father Mohammad bin Rashid Al Maktoum appointed his younger brother Hamdan Crown Prince of Dubai. Quite why this should have happened remained unclear, with the official explanation being that the current incumbent Hamdan was simply better suited to the job. That, however, was not the explanation bandied about in the upper echelons of Emirati society at the time or among the diplomatic community. The reason for the change in succession was revealed in a confidential memo sent from the US consulate in Dubai back to Washington. In the leaked diplomatic cable \u2013 published by WikiLeaks \u2013 acting consul general David Williams wrote: \"It is alleged that Rashid killed an assistant in the Ruler's office, thereby forfeiting his opportunity to be heir.\" In January 2006 Sheikh Rashid was appointed President of the UAE Olympic Committee. However, in 2010 he resigned from his position on account of his overloaded work schedule.", "Initially scheduled for an October 1996 release, Common finally released his third album, One Day It'll All Make Sense, in September 1997. The album took a total of two years to complete and included collaborations with artists such as Lauryn Hill, De La Soul, Q-Tip, Canibus, Black Thought, Chantay Savage, and Questlove - a future fellow member of the Soulquarians outfit. The album, which made a point of eschewing any gangsterism (in response to questions about his musical integrity), was critically acclaimed and led to a major label contract with MCA Records. In addition to releasing One Day, Common's first child, daughter Omoye Assata Lynn, was born shortly after the release of the album. As documented by hip hop journalist Raquel Cepeda, in the liner notes for the album, this event had a profound spiritual and mental effect on Common and enabled him to grow musically while becoming more responsible as an artist. She writes: Rashid found out that he was going to become a daddy in about 8 months. Stunned and confused, Rashid had life altering decisions to make with his girlfriend, Kim Jones. The situation led to the composition of his favourite cut on One Day... that offers a male slant on abortion. \"Retrospect for Life\", produced by James Poyser and No I.D. featuring Lauryn Hill (who was due on the same day as Rashid's girlfriend), is the song that is the driving force behind the project. Rashid listens to \"Retrospect for Life\" today at the mastering session geeked, as if it were for the first time. He tells me as we listen to L-Boogie wail the chorus, \"when I listen to the song now, I think about how precious her (Omoye's) life is\"."], "answer": {"text": "when I listen to the song now, I think about how precious her (Omoye's) life is", "answer_start": 1582}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "what happened to Common (rapper band) in 1996?", "answer": {"text": "Initially scheduled for an October 1996 release, Common finally released his third album, One Day It'll All Make Sense, in September 1997.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did this album do?", "answer": {"text": "was critically acclaimed and led to a major label contract with MCA Records.", "answer_start": 490, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which year was this contract?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened to the band in 1998?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other significant things happened during these years?", "answer": {"text": "Rashid found out that he was going to become a daddy in about 8 months. Stunned and confused, Rashid had life altering decisions to make", "answer_start": 941, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what decisions did he make ?", "answer": {"text": "The situation led to the composition of his favourite cut on One Day... that offers a male slant on abortion.", "answer_start": 1110, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b62e2d9de155483788566dc515aec3ec_0_q#7", "question": "what is the most interesting aspect of this section?", "rewrite": "what is the most interesting aspect of the section on abortion in One Day of Rashid?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Abortion Legislation Bill 2019 The Abortion Legislation Bill 2019 is a proposed Act of Parliament in New Zealand that amends the law to decriminalise abortion. Under the proposed legislation, abortion will be available without restrictions to any woman is not more than 20 weeks pregnant. Women seeking an abortion after 20 weeks will have to be assessed by a qualified health professional. On 8 August 2019, the Abortion Legislation Bill passed its first reading in the New Zealand House of Representatives and was referred to select committee stage. The Abortion Legislation Bill is an omnibus bill that decriminalises abortion, better aligns the regulation of abortion services with other health services, and modernises the legal framework of abortion provided by the Crimes Act 1961 and the Contraception, Sterilisation, and Abortion Act 1977 (CSA Act 1977). The Abortion Legislation Bill repeals Sections 10 to 46 of the CSA Act 1977 including the Abortion Supervisory Committee (Section 10), the requirement that abortions need to be certified by two certifying consultants (Section 29), and the ban on women unlawfully procuring a miscarriage (Section 44). Under the Abortion Legislation Bill, women can seek an abortion without restrictions within the first 20 weeks of their pregnancy. After the 20 week period, women seeking an abortion must consult a qualified health practitioner who will assess the patient's physical health, mental health, and well-being. The Abortion Legislation Bill also establishes a safety zone around abortion providers and prohibits intimidatory behaviour that seeks to prevent people from seeking access to abortion. The Bill also requires medical practitioners who have a conscientious objection to performing abortions to inform their patients at the earliest opportunity and to provide them with information on how to access abortion services. The Bill also contains provisions for protecting the rights of conscientious objecting medical professionals from discrimination and termination.", "In her book, Upali's chronicle\u2014a deglorified, fictional account of the life of Buddha\u2014alternates with that of Upali's own life during the reign of Emperor Ashoka and including both these parallel narratives with a wealth of historical detail and philosophical debate. Indian national newspaper \" The Hindu\" said: \"... the book draws from Indian history to such good effect that one can't help wondering if things actually did happen this way. Another interesting aspect of the book is the dismantling of each legend associated with the Buddha. Life in the Magadhan Empire is also portrayed with an eye to historical accuracy. Quotes from Ashokan edicts... which we know of as history but couldn't really relate to... now come alive with a new imagery... \" \"Outlook\" magazine from New Delhi wrote: \"Amita Kanekar's novel about Emperor Ashoka and the Buddhist monk Upali... successfully captures the stress and strains of monastic life, and brings alive the centuries following the death of the Buddha. when his teachings were taking the form of a canonical corpus... While many historical fictions make only references to real history, the present one doesn't... An interesting mix of erudition and historical imagination... \" \"Deccan Herald\" of Bangalore commented: \"Amita Kanekar's debut novel, \"A Spoke in the Wheel\", is an attempt to strip away layer by layer such fanciful stories surrounding the Buddha and reveal him as an ordinary man who had an extraordinary approach to his problems. The novel has an interesting structure... Throughout the book Amita presents issues of ethics and socio economic relationships that are relevant even today. The narrative is rich in detail and every aspect of life in those ancient times stands out vividly before the reader.\"", "Initially scheduled for an October 1996 release, Common finally released his third album, One Day It'll All Make Sense, in September 1997. The album took a total of two years to complete and included collaborations with artists such as Lauryn Hill, De La Soul, Q-Tip, Canibus, Black Thought, Chantay Savage, and Questlove - a future fellow member of the Soulquarians outfit. The album, which made a point of eschewing any gangsterism (in response to questions about his musical integrity), was critically acclaimed and led to a major label contract with MCA Records. In addition to releasing One Day, Common's first child, daughter Omoye Assata Lynn, was born shortly after the release of the album. As documented by hip hop journalist Raquel Cepeda, in the liner notes for the album, this event had a profound spiritual and mental effect on Common and enabled him to grow musically while becoming more responsible as an artist. She writes: Rashid found out that he was going to become a daddy in about 8 months. Stunned and confused, Rashid had life altering decisions to make with his girlfriend, Kim Jones. The situation led to the composition of his favourite cut on One Day... that offers a male slant on abortion. \"Retrospect for Life\", produced by James Poyser and No I.D. featuring Lauryn Hill (who was due on the same day as Rashid's girlfriend), is the song that is the driving force behind the project. Rashid listens to \"Retrospect for Life\" today at the mastering session geeked, as if it were for the first time. He tells me as we listen to L-Boogie wail the chorus, \"when I listen to the song now, I think about how precious her (Omoye's) life is\".", "Global Cultural Districts Network The Global Cultural Districts Network (GCDN) is a federation of global centers of arts and culture. Its members represent cities, cultural districts, and cultural institutions from around the world, including Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, China, and Singapore. GCDN was founded in 2013 by Adrian Ellis, and established by AEA Consulting, the New Cities Foundation, and the Dallas Arts District. Beatrice Pembroke was appointed as Director in March 2018 and Adrian Ellis is Chair. The network\u2019s formation was stimulated by a series of conversations among cultural leaders, who were aware that, though forums for cultural institutions to meet and discuss common issues did exist, there were none for those responsible for cultural districts. GCDN\u2019s 40 current members represent cities, cultural districts, cultural institutions, non-profits, foundations, and private initiatives from around the world, including Australia, the UK, Canada, the US, Dubai, China, and Singapore. GCDN's current members include: GCDN affiliate members are organizations and individuals who share a professional interest in contributing to the governance and operation of international cultural districts. GCDN\u2019s affiliate members include: GCDN members are invited to regular convenings to share emerging best practices, hear expert panels, and discuss the place of cultural precincts and complexes in urban policy, economic development, and related areas of public policy such as technology, travel and tourism. Past GCDN meetings include: GCDN regularly commissions and publishes academic research. Some of the network's publications include:", "Rashid bin Mohammed Al Maktoum Sheikh Rashid bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (, styled \"HH Sheikh Rashid\"; 12 November 1981 \u2013 18 September 2015) was the son of United Arab Emirates vice president, prime minister and ruler of Dubai Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum and Sheikha Hind bint Maktoum bin Juma Al Maktoum.. At the age of 33, he died, according to the official report, of a heart attack on 18 September 2015. Rashid was the second oldest son of Dubai ruler Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. Sheikh Rashid was one of Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum's many children. He was born on 12 November 1981. Rashid was educated in Dubai at the Rashid School for Boys. He then attended Sandhurst Military Academy in the United Kingdom and graduated in 2002. On 1 February 2008, Rashid was removed from the position of Crown Prince of Dubai by his father for killing a servant in a drug induced rage. His father Mohammad bin Rashid Al Maktoum appointed his younger brother Hamdan Crown Prince of Dubai. Quite why this should have happened remained unclear, with the official explanation being that the current incumbent Hamdan was simply better suited to the job. That, however, was not the explanation bandied about in the upper echelons of Emirati society at the time or among the diplomatic community. The reason for the change in succession was revealed in a confidential memo sent from the US consulate in Dubai back to Washington. In the leaked diplomatic cable \u2013 published by WikiLeaks \u2013 acting consul general David Williams wrote: \"It is alleged that Rashid killed an assistant in the Ruler's office, thereby forfeiting his opportunity to be heir.\" In January 2006 Sheikh Rashid was appointed President of the UAE Olympic Committee. However, in 2010 he resigned from his position on account of his overloaded work schedule."], "answer": {"text": "The album, which made a point of eschewing any gangsterism", "answer_start": 375}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to Common (rapper band) in 1996?", "answer": {"text": "Initially scheduled for an October 1996 release, Common finally released his third album, One Day It'll All Make Sense, in September 1997.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did this album do?", "answer": {"text": "was critically acclaimed and led to a major label contract with MCA Records.", "answer_start": 490, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which year was this contract?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened to the band in 1998?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other significant things happened during these years?", "answer": {"text": "Rashid found out that he was going to become a daddy in about 8 months. Stunned and confused, Rashid had life altering decisions to make", "answer_start": 941, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what decisions did he make ?", "answer": {"text": "The situation led to the composition of his favourite cut on One Day... that offers a male slant on abortion.", "answer_start": 1110, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was this slant about?", "answer": {"text": "when I listen to the song now, I think about how precious her (Omoye's) life is", "answer_start": 1582, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b62e2d9de155483788566dc515aec3ec_0_q#8", "question": "how well was this point taken?", "rewrite": "how well was the point of eschewing any gangsterism in One Day of Rashid taken?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The airport has a 2.75 km runway and it serves Malaysia Airlines, Air Asia, and MASWings with direct flights to all major towns in Sarawak, such as Miri, Bintulu, Kuching and national destinations such as Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur, and Johor Bahru. In October 2011, Firefly airline terminated its services in Sarawak while Malindo Air terminated its services to Sibu Airport in June 2014 due to low number of passengers. The court complex is located at Tun Abang Haji Openg Street, Sibu. It contains the High Court, Sessions Court, and the Magistrate Court. The Sibu town also has a Syariah Court located at Kampung Nyabor Street with jurisdictions in Sibu, Kanowit and Selangau districts. There is one district police headquarters at Tun Abang Haji Openg Street. The Sibu central police station is located at Kampung Nyabor Street. Sungai Merah police station and Lanang police station are also located in Sibu town area. There is also a prison in Sibu. Tiong King Sing, an MP from Bintulu, has voiced concerns about gangsterism in Sarawak especially the Sibu town back in 2007. As a result, \"Operation Cantas Kenyalang\" was started in 2008 to clamp down gangsterism in Sarawak. In September 2013, Sibu police chief announced that \"Lee Long\", \"Sungai Merah\", and \"Tua Chak Lee\" gangs ceased to exist and Sibu town is free from organised gangsterism. There were 25 gangster groups in Sibu back in 2007; there are 7 groups as of 9 October 2013. In September 2014, Royal Malaysian Police headquarter at Bukit Aman, Kuala Lumpur, stated that 16 local gangster groups are still active in Sarawak especially in Sibu", "Haydon Hall Haydon Hall was one of the three main houses of Eastcote, within what is now the London Borough of Hillingdon. The house was built in 1630 as a home for Lady Alice, Dowager Countess of Derby who had been living in Harefield. The house remained in the ownership of Lady Alice's descendants for several years, on the side of her eldest daughter. For a time the house was renamed \"Eastcote Park\" though was returned to the original name. Under the ownership of Lawrence James Baker from 1864, the house was expanded with two wings, and several cottages for workers were built within the grounds. Baker also had Eastcote Lodge built within the estate, which his son and daughter-in-law moved into after their marriage. Despite being purchased by the Ruislip-Northwood Urban District Council (RNUDC) and Middlesex County Council to serve as the RNUDC's new civic centre, the house fell into a state of disrepair during the Second World War and was eventually demolished in 1967. The area where the house stood still retains the Haydon Hall name, and includes a cricket club and public meeting rooms. Lady Alice, Dowager Countess of Derby was already living at Harefield Place, although she became concerned that Lord Castlehaven, the second husband of her eldest daughter, Lady Anne Stanley, would attempt to claim her estate in the event of her death. She had Haydon Hall built in 1630, although Lord Castlehaven was tried and executed the following year. After Lady Alice died in 1636, her eldest daughter reverted to her first married name, Lady Chandos, and became owner of the house. The house remained in the possession of Lady Chandos' descendants for several generations until 1675, when it was bought by George Sitwell.", "Built along the south-east shore of the reservoir, where a beach had been created, control of the lido passed to Ruislip-Northwood Urban District Council (RNUDC) when the Grand Union was nationalised in 1948 to become part of British Waterways. One or two people normally staffed the line with major work contracted out. \" Prince Edward\" was replaced by a petrol-electric locomotive in 1959, although the antiquated gauge meant locomotives and rolling stock were not widely available and therefore expensive. The RNUDC became part of the London Borough of Hillingdon in 1965. Subsequent neglect of the lido as well as its entrance fees reduced visitor numbers. In the mid-1970s the original locomotive broke down and a new one was purchased from manufacturer Severn Lamb. It did not run for long due to a 1978 accident, which injured several people. The railway was then shut and soon began to display signs of dereliction. In 1979, the Ruislip Lido Railway Society was established to take on the running of the railway and the line reopened ready for the summer of 1980. Keeping the line open became a struggle, with either too few passengers to pay for fuel or too many for the trains to accommodate comfortably. Despite this, work commenced on an extension around the lido to the main car park. Leaving the circuit near where the accident happened, the line carried on through woodland to Eleanor's Loop. A new locomotive was ordered from the Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway (R&ER) in Cumbria, and named \"Lady of the Lakes\". Previously gauge to allow trials to be carried out on the R&ER, the locomotive was converted to on arrival. \"Lady of the Lakes\" entered service just before the new station opened, equipped with newly designed carriages built in the railway's workshops.", "Eastcote House Gardens Eastcote House Gardens is an area of public parkland in Eastcote, within the London Borough of Hillingdon. The site covers and incorporates the walled garden, dovecote and coach house of Eastcote House. The house was demolished in 1964 by the Ruislip-Northwood Urban District Council (RNUDC), the predecessor of the London Borough of Hillingdon. At the public's request, the garden and outbuildings were retained and are now maintained by a group of volunteers, the Friends of Eastcote House Gardens, in partnership with the local authority. Eastcote House was one of three largest in Eastcote, together with Highgrove House and Haydon Hall. All came to be owned by the RNUDC, but only Highgrove House remains in its original form; Haydon Hall was demolished in 1967 by the RNUDC's successor. The coach house, dovecote, and garden walls received Grade II listed status on 6 September 1974. Ecological surveys have found fifty types of trees in the gardens, and numerous species of birds, mammals and insects have been recorded. The gardens received the Green Flag Award in September 2011 following an earlier inspection. Eastcote House is first recorded in 1507, when it was known as \"Hopkyttes\", under the ownership of the Walleston family. In 1525, Ralph Hawtrey married Winifred Walleston, and they made Hopkyttes their marital home, renaming it Eastcote House. The house was extended by either Ralph Hawtrey or his son John, and the brick exterior added. The original timber framework was not revealed again until the house was demolished. John Hawtrey built the dovecote without applying for the required licence. After his death in 1593, his nephew Ralph Hawtrey applied retrospectively, and the licence was granted.", "Initially scheduled for an October 1996 release, Common finally released his third album, One Day It'll All Make Sense, in September 1997. The album took a total of two years to complete and included collaborations with artists such as Lauryn Hill, De La Soul, Q-Tip, Canibus, Black Thought, Chantay Savage, and Questlove - a future fellow member of the Soulquarians outfit. The album, which made a point of eschewing any gangsterism (in response to questions about his musical integrity), was critically acclaimed and led to a major label contract with MCA Records. In addition to releasing One Day, Common's first child, daughter Omoye Assata Lynn, was born shortly after the release of the album. As documented by hip hop journalist Raquel Cepeda, in the liner notes for the album, this event had a profound spiritual and mental effect on Common and enabled him to grow musically while becoming more responsible as an artist. She writes: Rashid found out that he was going to become a daddy in about 8 months. Stunned and confused, Rashid had life altering decisions to make with his girlfriend, Kim Jones. The situation led to the composition of his favourite cut on One Day... that offers a male slant on abortion. \"Retrospect for Life\", produced by James Poyser and No I.D. featuring Lauryn Hill (who was due on the same day as Rashid's girlfriend), is the song that is the driving force behind the project. Rashid listens to \"Retrospect for Life\" today at the mastering session geeked, as if it were for the first time. He tells me as we listen to L-Boogie wail the chorus, \"when I listen to the song now, I think about how precious her (Omoye's) life is\"."], "answer": {"text": "Common addresses family ethics several times on One Day...,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to Common (rapper band) in 1996?", "answer": {"text": "Initially scheduled for an October 1996 release, Common finally released his third album, One Day It'll All Make Sense, in September 1997.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did this album do?", "answer": {"text": "was critically acclaimed and led to a major label contract with MCA Records.", "answer_start": 490, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which year was this contract?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened to the band in 1998?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other significant things happened during these years?", "answer": {"text": "Rashid found out that he was going to become a daddy in about 8 months. Stunned and confused, Rashid had life altering decisions to make", "answer_start": 941, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what decisions did he make ?", "answer": {"text": "The situation led to the composition of his favourite cut on One Day... that offers a male slant on abortion.", "answer_start": 1110, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was this slant about?", "answer": {"text": "when I listen to the song now, I think about how precious her (Omoye's) life is", "answer_start": 1582, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the most interesting aspect of this section?", "answer": {"text": "The album, which made a point of eschewing any gangsterism", "answer_start": 375, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b62e2d9de155483788566dc515aec3ec_0_q#9", "question": "what else does it address?", "rewrite": "other than eschewing any gangsterism what else One Day of Rashid address?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Byron B. Harlan Byron Berry Harlan (October 22, 1886 \u2013 November 11, 1949) was an attorney, prosecutor, jurist and member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio. Byron B. Harlan was born in Greenville, Ohio, and moved with his parents, Benjamin Berry and Margaret (Bond) Harlan, to Dayton, Ohio, when he was eight. His father was a high school teacher. Byron attended the Dayton public schools. He then attended the University of Michigan where he was a member of Theta Chi fraternity and was graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from its College of Arts and Sciences in 1909 and LL. B. from its Law College in 1911. He was admitted to the Ohio bar and commenced practice in Dayton in 1911. About 1914, Byron Berry Harlan married Sada B. Shaw (1887\u20131952) who was born in Canada and came to the United States when she was three years old. They had three children. Byron Harlan was assistant prosecuting attorney of Montgomery County, Ohio, from 1912 to 1916. He served on the governing board of the Humane Society of Dayton with Harry N. Routzohn and other prominent citizens. In 1928, he became president of the Ohio Federated Humane Societies, serving in that capacity for fifteen years. In 1938, he was honorary vice president of the American Humane Association. In 1930, Byron B. Harlan was elected as a Democrat from Ohio's Third District to the Seventy-second Congress and to the three succeeding Congresses. He served as chairman of the Committee on Revision of the Laws in the Seventy-second and Seventy-third Congresses. In 1931, he indicated his intent to support repeal of Prohibition saying repeal would \"preserve a government of law and particularly local government as much as possible. The money now going to corrupt government and finance crime would be diverted into legal channels.\"", "People Against Gangsterism and Drugs People Against Gangsterism and Drugs (PAGAD) was a vigilante group formed in 1996 in the Cape Flats area of Cape Town, South Africa. The organization was known for its violence against gangsters, engaging in arson and murder. Although PAGAD is much smaller than in the early years since its formation, the organization has been reported to be growing as of 2014. PAGAD was originally initiated by a handful of PAC and community members from a Cape Town townships who decided to organize public demonstrations to pressure the government to fight the illegal drug trade and gangsterism more effectively. However, PAGAD increasingly took matters into their own hands, believing the police were not taking enough action against gangs. Initially the community and police were hesitant to act against PAGAD activities, recognising the need for community action against crime in the gang-ridden communities of the Cape Flats. Notorious gangsters were initially asked by PAGAD members to stop their criminal activities or be subject to \"popular justice\". A common PAGAD modus operandi was to set fire to drug dealers houses and kill gangsters. PAGAD's campaign came to prominence in 1996 when the leader of the Hard Livings gang, Rashaad Staggie, was beaten and burnt to death by a mob during a march to his home in Salt River. South Africa's police quickly came to regard PAGAD as part of the problem, rather than a partner in the fight against crime and they were eventually designated a terrorist organization by the South African government. Changes within the organisation following the incidences of 1996 increased the influence of more highly politicised and organisationally experienced people within it associated with radical Islamic groups such as Qibla. This caused a series of changes such as the emergence of new leadership and the development of tighter organisational structures.", "Initially scheduled for an October 1996 release, Common finally released his third album, One Day It'll All Make Sense, in September 1997. The album took a total of two years to complete and included collaborations with artists such as Lauryn Hill, De La Soul, Q-Tip, Canibus, Black Thought, Chantay Savage, and Questlove - a future fellow member of the Soulquarians outfit. The album, which made a point of eschewing any gangsterism (in response to questions about his musical integrity), was critically acclaimed and led to a major label contract with MCA Records. In addition to releasing One Day, Common's first child, daughter Omoye Assata Lynn, was born shortly after the release of the album. As documented by hip hop journalist Raquel Cepeda, in the liner notes for the album, this event had a profound spiritual and mental effect on Common and enabled him to grow musically while becoming more responsible as an artist. She writes: Rashid found out that he was going to become a daddy in about 8 months. Stunned and confused, Rashid had life altering decisions to make with his girlfriend, Kim Jones. The situation led to the composition of his favourite cut on One Day... that offers a male slant on abortion. \"Retrospect for Life\", produced by James Poyser and No I.D. featuring Lauryn Hill (who was due on the same day as Rashid's girlfriend), is the song that is the driving force behind the project. Rashid listens to \"Retrospect for Life\" today at the mastering session geeked, as if it were for the first time. He tells me as we listen to L-Boogie wail the chorus, \"when I listen to the song now, I think about how precious her (Omoye's) life is\".", "A similar operation attacking the cocaine traffickers in Quebec happened in 2001, Operation Axe was another hit towards those groups who had rejuvenated their organizations since the last raids. During the raid over 60 arrest warrants were issues but only 47 people were found, arrested, and charged with multiple offences. Some of the more interesting arrests included two men who were already in prison and a Canadian professional weightlifter. Gregory Wooley 36; was arrested in Kingston Prison. He was in the process of serving a 4.5 years sentence for illegal events he perpetrated during the Quebec Biker war. During the raid he was charged and arrested for receiving money for the royalties of selling drugs from his gang. First ever Canadian charged with Gangsterism twice. Dany Cadet-Sprinces 38 ; Arrested in The Institute Leclerc in Quebec. He was seen as the second in command and was in the process of serving 4 years in prison for drug trafficking and gangsterism. Jean Lavertue 35, A former Canadian Olympic weightlifter was charged of multiple charges including drug trafficking and gangsterism. Others arrests included: Emmanuel \"Mano\" Zephir, 36 Curtis Rodney, 36, Roberto Sauro, 30 Nelio Timothy, 34, Emmanuel Grandma, 23, Igor Vasiliev, 60, Pasquale Mangiola, 40, Rodney Curtis, 36, Fernand and Nancy Lauzon Pasquale Mangiola, 38 St\u00e9phane Lavertue 33, Martin Lavertue 40, Patrick Lavertue 31. The exact counts of the charges are unknown to the public however these are the base charges that were given in a statement:", "The airport has a 2.75 km runway and it serves Malaysia Airlines, Air Asia, and MASWings with direct flights to all major towns in Sarawak, such as Miri, Bintulu, Kuching and national destinations such as Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur, and Johor Bahru. In October 2011, Firefly airline terminated its services in Sarawak while Malindo Air terminated its services to Sibu Airport in June 2014 due to low number of passengers. The court complex is located at Tun Abang Haji Openg Street, Sibu. It contains the High Court, Sessions Court, and the Magistrate Court. The Sibu town also has a Syariah Court located at Kampung Nyabor Street with jurisdictions in Sibu, Kanowit and Selangau districts. There is one district police headquarters at Tun Abang Haji Openg Street. The Sibu central police station is located at Kampung Nyabor Street. Sungai Merah police station and Lanang police station are also located in Sibu town area. There is also a prison in Sibu. Tiong King Sing, an MP from Bintulu, has voiced concerns about gangsterism in Sarawak especially the Sibu town back in 2007. As a result, \"Operation Cantas Kenyalang\" was started in 2008 to clamp down gangsterism in Sarawak. In September 2013, Sibu police chief announced that \"Lee Long\", \"Sungai Merah\", and \"Tua Chak Lee\" gangs ceased to exist and Sibu town is free from organised gangsterism. There were 25 gangster groups in Sibu back in 2007; there are 7 groups as of 9 October 2013. In September 2014, Royal Malaysian Police headquarter at Bukit Aman, Kuala Lumpur, stated that 16 local gangster groups are still active in Sarawak especially in Sibu"], "answer": {"text": "summarizes the path to manhood:", "answer_start": 203}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to Common (rapper band) in 1996?", "answer": {"text": "Initially scheduled for an October 1996 release, Common finally released his third album, One Day It'll All Make Sense, in September 1997.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did this album do?", "answer": {"text": "was critically acclaimed and led to a major label contract with MCA Records.", "answer_start": 490, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which year was this contract?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened to the band in 1998?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other significant things happened during these years?", "answer": {"text": "Rashid found out that he was going to become a daddy in about 8 months. Stunned and confused, Rashid had life altering decisions to make", "answer_start": 941, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what decisions did he make ?", "answer": {"text": "The situation led to the composition of his favourite cut on One Day... that offers a male slant on abortion.", "answer_start": 1110, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was this slant about?", "answer": {"text": "when I listen to the song now, I think about how precious her (Omoye's) life is", "answer_start": 1582, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the most interesting aspect of this section?", "answer": {"text": "The album, which made a point of eschewing any gangsterism", "answer_start": 375, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how well was this point taken?", "answer": {"text": "Common addresses family ethics several times on One Day...,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b62e2d9de155483788566dc515aec3ec_0_q#10", "question": "what else is known of family ethics?", "rewrite": "besides of eschewing any gangsterism what else is known of family ethics in One Day of Rashid?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["People Against Gangsterism and Drugs People Against Gangsterism and Drugs (PAGAD) was a vigilante group formed in 1996 in the Cape Flats area of Cape Town, South Africa. The organization was known for its violence against gangsters, engaging in arson and murder. Although PAGAD is much smaller than in the early years since its formation, the organization has been reported to be growing as of 2014. PAGAD was originally initiated by a handful of PAC and community members from a Cape Town townships who decided to organize public demonstrations to pressure the government to fight the illegal drug trade and gangsterism more effectively. However, PAGAD increasingly took matters into their own hands, believing the police were not taking enough action against gangs. Initially the community and police were hesitant to act against PAGAD activities, recognising the need for community action against crime in the gang-ridden communities of the Cape Flats. Notorious gangsters were initially asked by PAGAD members to stop their criminal activities or be subject to \"popular justice\". A common PAGAD modus operandi was to set fire to drug dealers houses and kill gangsters. PAGAD's campaign came to prominence in 1996 when the leader of the Hard Livings gang, Rashaad Staggie, was beaten and burnt to death by a mob during a march to his home in Salt River. South Africa's police quickly came to regard PAGAD as part of the problem, rather than a partner in the fight against crime and they were eventually designated a terrorist organization by the South African government. Changes within the organisation following the incidences of 1996 increased the influence of more highly politicised and organisationally experienced people within it associated with radical Islamic groups such as Qibla. This caused a series of changes such as the emergence of new leadership and the development of tighter organisational structures.", "In 1993, Ivanhoe won the Lloyd W. Dinkelspiel Award for Outstanding Service to Undergraduate Education. In 1996, Ivanhoe was promoted to associate professor. Then in 1998 Ivanhoe moved to the University of Michigan, where he was hired at the associate professor level in the Philosophy Department and the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures. In 2003, Ivanhoe left Michigan and became Findlay Visiting Professor of Philosophy at Boston University. In 2006 he accepted his current appointment at City University of Hong Kong. His courses include Feminism and Family Ethics, Philosophy of Life, and Ethics and Practice. Ivanhoe is married and has two children, a daughter and a son. He currently lives in Hong Kong. Ivanhoe was influenced by Nivison's suggestion that Neo-Confucians, although they were harsh critics of Buddhism, were more deeply influenced by Buddhist philosophical concepts than they realized. As a result, Neo-Confucians misinterpreted their own intellectual tradition. Ivanhoe developed Nivison's insight in great detail in his doctoral dissertation, a revised version of which was later published as a book, \"Ethics in the Confucian Tradition: The Thought of Mengzi and Wang Yangming. \" In this book, Ivanhoe contrasts the views of the ancient Confucian Mengzi (also known as \"Mencius\") with that of the Neo-Confucian Wang Yangming on several topics, including \"sagehood\" and \"ethical cultivation,\" and demonstrates how the influence of Buddhist ideas on Wang leads him to mis-read Mengzi, even when he believes that he is explicating him. Ivanhoe applied this idea more broadly in his next major book, \"Confucian Moral Self Cultivation.", "He did research on the legal rights of children and later published one of the first philosophical books on this topic (\"The Child and the State\"). In subsequent years, he turned to the study of the philosophical foundations of family law and the ethics of family relationships. This research led to a monograph on the philosophy of family law (\"Family and State\"), a reader on family ethics (\"Morals, Marriage and Parenthood\"), and a collection of his previously published articles (\"Children's Rights, State Intervention, Custody And Divorce: Contradictions in Ethics And Family Law)\". In his post-retirement years, Houlgate decided to keep a promise to his former students to write a series of books on the classical philosophers. There are now five of these books, self--published as a series under the title \"The Smart Student's Guides to Philosophical Classics\". He also kept a promise to his colleagues who teach courses in the philosophy of law. The promise was to write a textbook based exclusively on family law cases. That book was published in 2016 under the title \"Philosophy, Law and Family: A New Introduction to the Philosophy of Law\". The book is published by Springer International.", "Initially scheduled for an October 1996 release, Common finally released his third album, One Day It'll All Make Sense, in September 1997. The album took a total of two years to complete and included collaborations with artists such as Lauryn Hill, De La Soul, Q-Tip, Canibus, Black Thought, Chantay Savage, and Questlove - a future fellow member of the Soulquarians outfit. The album, which made a point of eschewing any gangsterism (in response to questions about his musical integrity), was critically acclaimed and led to a major label contract with MCA Records. In addition to releasing One Day, Common's first child, daughter Omoye Assata Lynn, was born shortly after the release of the album. As documented by hip hop journalist Raquel Cepeda, in the liner notes for the album, this event had a profound spiritual and mental effect on Common and enabled him to grow musically while becoming more responsible as an artist. She writes: Rashid found out that he was going to become a daddy in about 8 months. Stunned and confused, Rashid had life altering decisions to make with his girlfriend, Kim Jones. The situation led to the composition of his favourite cut on One Day... that offers a male slant on abortion. \"Retrospect for Life\", produced by James Poyser and No I.D. featuring Lauryn Hill (who was due on the same day as Rashid's girlfriend), is the song that is the driving force behind the project. Rashid listens to \"Retrospect for Life\" today at the mastering session geeked, as if it were for the first time. He tells me as we listen to L-Boogie wail the chorus, \"when I listen to the song now, I think about how precious her (Omoye's) life is\".", "Centre for Applied Ethics Centre for Applied Ethics (CAE) at Hong Kong Baptist University was founded in 1992. It is the first of its kind established in China and one of the earliest in Asia. The Centre strives to stimulate critical reasoning about fundamental ethical concerns in contemporary society, to raise awareness of moral values, and to further strengthen the University's commitment to research and whole person education. To accomplish its mission, the Centre has been active in organizing various academic activities, publishing research results in different fields of Applied Ethics and developing a co-operation network with other institutions. The development of ethical centre is urgently needed in Hong Kong as she is undergoing unprecedented rapid economic and socio-cultural changes. The problem of ethical tension and disorientation is real. And although similar centres abound in Europe and North America, the results of their research are not always immediately useful to Asian societies in general and Hong Kong in particular. At the same time social-ethical issues relevant to them are not always identical to those in our situation. The centre, while seeking to formulate ethical solutions on the basis of universal principles, will be culturally sensitive in its endeavors. Director: Prof. Lo Ping-cheung Associate Director: Dr. Jonathan K. L. Chan Research Fellows: Dr. Ellen Y. Zhang & Dr. Benedict S. B. Chan Associate Research Fellows: Prof. Ruiping Fan & Prof. Sumner Twiss The Centre actively promotes and coordinates research in the areas of bioethics, business ethics, professional ethics, and social ethics. It encourages the development of ethics across the curriculum. The \"Public Lecture Series: Applied Ethics in Hong Kong\" was launched on 1992 and regularly invites local and overseas scholars to deliver public lectures on bioethics, business ethics, environmental ethics, family ethics etc. Distinguished international speakers, include J\u00fcrgen Habermas and Hans K\u00fcng."], "answer": {"text": "a quote from 1 Corinthians 13:11,", "answer_start": 163}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to Common (rapper band) in 1996?", "answer": {"text": "Initially scheduled for an October 1996 release, Common finally released his third album, One Day It'll All Make Sense, in September 1997.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did this album do?", "answer": {"text": "was critically acclaimed and led to a major label contract with MCA Records.", "answer_start": 490, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which year was this contract?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened to the band in 1998?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other significant things happened during these years?", "answer": {"text": "Rashid found out that he was going to become a daddy in about 8 months. Stunned and confused, Rashid had life altering decisions to make", "answer_start": 941, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what decisions did he make ?", "answer": {"text": "The situation led to the composition of his favourite cut on One Day... that offers a male slant on abortion.", "answer_start": 1110, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was this slant about?", "answer": {"text": "when I listen to the song now, I think about how precious her (Omoye's) life is", "answer_start": 1582, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the most interesting aspect of this section?", "answer": {"text": "The album, which made a point of eschewing any gangsterism", "answer_start": 375, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how well was this point taken?", "answer": {"text": "Common addresses family ethics several times on One Day...,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what else does it address?", "answer": {"text": "summarizes the path to manhood:", "answer_start": 203, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b62e2d9de155483788566dc515aec3ec_0_q#11", "question": "what was the quote?", "rewrite": "what was the quote from Corinthians in One Day of Rashid?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Corinthians support for S\u00e3o Jorge became fanatical during the decade of the 60's, Between 1954 and 1977, Corinthians failed to add to its gallery of conquests and the Corinthian Nation lived the hardest moments of its history. While the stream struggled in the 60's, fan recanted that they were blessed by a \"Santo Guerreiro\" (Warrior Saint). In the early 60's the lack of success lingered in the minds of fans & gave birth to a utilization of the blessings of S\u00e3o Jorge. this caused Corinthians to erect a chapel in honor of the saint, in order to strengthen the clubs resolve via mysticism. 1969, after the death of two players Lidu & Eduardo, the funeral was held in Capela S\u00e3o Jorge, & strengthened the clubs identity at a time when championships were non-existent. 1974 Paulista Final, after a heart-wrenching loss to arch-rival Palmeiras, composer Paulinho Nogueira recorded \"Oh Corinthians\", a song that had popular commercial success at the time. In the verses of the composition dedicated to the suffering Corinthians could not miss the quote to the patron Saint George: \"...Oh, s\u00e3o 20 anos de espera. Mas meu S\u00e3o Jorge me d\u00ea for\u00e7as, para poder um dia enfim, descontar meu sofrimento em quem riu de mim\".
\"(\"... Oh, It's been 20 years of waiting, but my St. George gives me strength to be able to one day finally cashing in my suffering upon those who laughed at me.\") \" Corinthians 2011 third kit, was burgundy colored & featured S\u00e3o Jorge slaughtering a dragon in a dark watermark across the right side of the chest.", "2012 Sport Club Corinthians Paulista season The 2012 season is the 102nd season in the history of Sport Club Corinthians Paulista. In 2012, Corinthians won its first ever Copa Libertadores title. \"As July 24, 2012.\" Last Updated June 26, 2012 Last Updated June 26, 2012 Transfer Net: R$18.75m (\u20ac7.5m/$9.4m) Corinthians began the 2012 Season with Johnson & Johnson Brazilian consumer brand Jontex as its main sponsor. When Corinthians initiated the 2012 Libertadores Campaign a month later, Fiat subsidiary Iveco (Chest) became the main sponsor alongside Fisk (Back), Marabraz (Sleeves), & Bom Brill (Shoulders). Prior to the Libertadores Final Iveco approached Corinthians in an attempt to become the exclusive sponsor of Tim\u00e3o, Corinthians rebuffed stating that such a deal would be out of Iveco's financial reach. The latest prices for Corinthians Shirt sponsorships are as follows: (Chest & Back) R$30m (\u20ac12m/$15m), Sleeves R$15m (\u20ac6m/$7.5m), Shoulders R$8m (\u20ac3.2m/$4m), for a total of R$53m (\u20ac21.3m/$26.5m). On July 7, 2012, it was announced that Corinthians was close to signing an exclusive sponsorship deal lasting until the end of 2012, worth R$68m (\u20ac27.3m/$34m). This would place Corinthians as the second most expensive shirt in the world, ahead of Juventus (Tamoil) & behind Manchester United (Nike).", "The utilization of S\u00e3o Jorge's image on the shirt is the practice of S\u00e3o Jorge's Prayer. Derby Paulista is a crosstown fixture between Corinthians and Palmeiras, consistently cited as one of the greatest rivalries worldwide by sources including FIFA, CNN, and the \"Daily Mail\". Palmeiras was founded by a group of Italians who were formerly members of Corinthians. Since 1914, when that treasonous act was taken upon these former supporters, a deep-seated hatred was born. The Derby atmosphere is fierce on and off the pitch, as violence is a norm between the clubs. Cl\u00e1ssico Majestoso is a crosstown fixture between Corinthians and S\u00e3o Paulo. The Derby dates back to 1935, at the final re-founding S\u00e3o Paulo after being thrice defunct. Corinthians possesses the largest number of supporters in the state (25 Million), whereas S\u00e3o Paulo's lies in second place (16 Million). The Cl\u00e1ssico's most memorable match for Corinthians is the 1990 Campenato Brasileiro finals, which led to Corinthians first national title. Cl\u00e1ssico Alvinegro is a regional fixture between Corinthians and Santos. 'Alvinegro' is given after the colors worn by both teams, black and white (\"Alvi\", from Latin \"albus\", white, and \"negro\", black). The Classico reached one of its highest stages for Corinthians supporters when Corinthians met Santos in the Semi-Finals of Libertadores 2012. Corinthians won 2-1 on aggregate. Derby dos Invictos (Derby of the Undefeated), Corinthians and Portuguesa is a crosstown rivalry.", "1 Corinthians 3:3 1 Corinthians 3:4 1 Corinthians 5:5 1 Corinthians 7:5 1 Corinthians 7:14 1 Corinthians 9:20 1 Corinthians 10:9 1 Corinthians 11:24 1 Corinthians 12:9 1 Corinthians 14:40 1 Corinthians 15:3 1 Corinthians 15:15 1 Corinthians 15:47 1 Corinthians 16:15", "Rashid bin Mohammed Al Maktoum Sheikh Rashid bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (, styled \"HH Sheikh Rashid\"; 12 November 1981 \u2013 18 September 2015) was the son of United Arab Emirates vice president, prime minister and ruler of Dubai Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum and Sheikha Hind bint Maktoum bin Juma Al Maktoum.. At the age of 33, he died, according to the official report, of a heart attack on 18 September 2015. Rashid was the second oldest son of Dubai ruler Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. Sheikh Rashid was one of Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum's many children. He was born on 12 November 1981. Rashid was educated in Dubai at the Rashid School for Boys. He then attended Sandhurst Military Academy in the United Kingdom and graduated in 2002. On 1 February 2008, Rashid was removed from the position of Crown Prince of Dubai by his father for killing a servant in a drug induced rage. His father Mohammad bin Rashid Al Maktoum appointed his younger brother Hamdan Crown Prince of Dubai. Quite why this should have happened remained unclear, with the official explanation being that the current incumbent Hamdan was simply better suited to the job. That, however, was not the explanation bandied about in the upper echelons of Emirati society at the time or among the diplomatic community. The reason for the change in succession was revealed in a confidential memo sent from the US consulate in Dubai back to Washington. In the leaked diplomatic cable \u2013 published by WikiLeaks \u2013 acting consul general David Williams wrote: \"It is alleged that Rashid killed an assistant in the Ruler's office, thereby forfeiting his opportunity to be heir.\" In January 2006 Sheikh Rashid was appointed President of the UAE Olympic Committee. However, in 2010 he resigned from his position on account of his overloaded work schedule."], "answer": {"text": "I talked like a child, I thought like a child, I reasoned like a child. When I became a man, I put childish ways behind me.", "answer_start": 255}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to Common (rapper band) in 1996?", "answer": {"text": "Initially scheduled for an October 1996 release, Common finally released his third album, One Day It'll All Make Sense, in September 1997.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did this album do?", "answer": {"text": "was critically acclaimed and led to a major label contract with MCA Records.", "answer_start": 490, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which year was this contract?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened to the band in 1998?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other significant things happened during these years?", "answer": {"text": "Rashid found out that he was going to become a daddy in about 8 months. Stunned and confused, Rashid had life altering decisions to make", "answer_start": 941, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what decisions did he make ?", "answer": {"text": "The situation led to the composition of his favourite cut on One Day... that offers a male slant on abortion.", "answer_start": 1110, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was this slant about?", "answer": {"text": "when I listen to the song now, I think about how precious her (Omoye's) life is", "answer_start": 1582, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the most interesting aspect of this section?", "answer": {"text": "The album, which made a point of eschewing any gangsterism", "answer_start": 375, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how well was this point taken?", "answer": {"text": "Common addresses family ethics several times on One Day...,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what else does it address?", "answer": {"text": "summarizes the path to manhood:", "answer_start": 203, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what else is known of family ethics?", "answer": {"text": "a quote from 1 Corinthians 13:11,", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_156598107dd7440ca6a9bdc386246430_0_q#0", "question": "What is Soulfly's new lineup?", "rewrite": "What is Soulfly's new lineup?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In late 2001, Joe Nunez left Soulfly to join Stripping the Pistol, saying that it was \"time for [him] to move on\". Roy Mayorga departed from his band Medication to rejoin Soulfly for the recording of their third album. 3 was the first Soulfly album which was produced by Max Cavalera. Other musicians performing on 3 included Cristian Machado of Ill Nino, and guitarist Wiley Arnet and drummer Greg Hall, and Max's stepson Richie Cavalera. The album reached number 46 on the Billboard 200 in that year. After the release of 3 on June 25, 2002, Soulfly toured throughout Europe and North America with bands such as Slayer, In Flames, God Forbid, and Will Haven. In September 2003, after the world tour for 3, Marcelo Dias was fired from the band, and Mikey Doling and Roy Mayorga both left the band in protest, leaving Cavalera as the sole remaining member for a period of three weeks. Cavalera recruited a new lineup in October 2003 for the recording of Soulfly's Prophecy album. Joe Nunez returned on drums with New Jersey native Marc Rizzo, formerly of Ill Nino, on guitar and Kentucky native Bobby Burns, formerly of Primer 55, on bass. David Ellefson, formerly of Megadeth at the time, also played bass on several of the album's songs. Max Cavalera explained on the band's website that he wanted to use different musicians as part of the group for each album. \"This is an approach that I've wanted to do for a while. I never wanted Soulfly to be a band like Metallica, with the same four guys. On every Soulfly album, we've changed the line up and it will probably continue that way.", "After the release of 3 on June 25, 2002, Soulfly toured throughout Europe and North America with bands such as Slayer, In Flames, God Forbid, and Will Haven. In September 2003, after the world tour for 3, Marcelo Dias was fired from the band, and Mikey Doling and Roy Mayorga both left the band in protest, leaving Cavalera as the sole remaining member for a period of three weeks. Cavalera recruited a new lineup in October 2003 for the recording of Soulfly's Prophecy album. Joe Nunez returned on drums with New Jersey native Marc Rizzo, formerly of Ill Nino, on guitar and Kentucky native Bobby Burns, formerly of Primer 55, on bass. David Ellefson, formerly of Megadeth at the time, also played bass on several of the album's songs. Max Cavalera explained on the band's website that he wanted to use different musicians as part of the group for each album. \"This is an approach that I've wanted to do for a while. I never wanted Soulfly to be a band like Metallica, with the same four guys. On every Soulfly album, we've changed the line up and it will probably continue that way. In order to do that, I had to start from the inside out and bring in people who caught my attention, that I had never played with before, and create this.\" While a member of Sepultura, Cavalera had shown an interest in world music as shown in Roots, featuring elements of the music of Brazil's indigenous peoples. This approach continued on the Prophecy album, with Cavalera traveling to Serbia to record with traditional musicians. On the song \"Moses\", he worked with Serbian band Eyesburn, which also features reggae influences from one of his heroes, Bob Marley.", "Prophecy (Soulfly album) Prophecy is the fourth studio album by the metal band Soulfly and it was released in 2004. This album is noteworthy for three features \u2013 the completely different line-up for the album apart from leader Max Cavalera, the world music influence from a stint that Cavalera spent in Serbia, and explicit spirituality themes on the album. The album has gone on to sell over 275,000 copies. Cavalera recruited a whole new line-up for the \"Prophecy\" album. Joe Nunez was back behind the drum kit having worked on the \"Primitive\" album with former Ill Ni\u00f1o lead guitarist Marc Rizzo. There are two bassists playing as members of Soulfly on \"Prophecy\" \u2013 Megadeth's David Ellefson and Primer 55's Bobby Burns. Cavalera took this decision to have a mixture of old school metal and death metal on the album. Max Cavalera explains on Roadrunner Records website that he wants to use different musicians as part of the group for each album. \" \"This is an approach that I've wanted to do for a while. I never wanted Soulfly to be a band like Metallica, with the same four guys. On every Soulfly album, we've changed the line-up and it will probably continue that way. In order to do that, I had to start from the inside out and bring in people who caught my attention, that I had never played with before, and create this.\" \" With the exception of Ellefson, Soulfly retained the same lineup until their 8th studio album, \"Enslaved\", in 2012. In Sepultura, Cavalera had shown an interest in world music as shown on the 1996 \"Roots\" album featuring elements of the music of Brazil's indigenous peoples.", "Other tracks on the album feature instruments from the Middle Ages, sheepskin bagpipes, and Serbian Gypsies. Danny Marianino and Asha Rabouin returned as guest vocalists on Prophecy, as well, and Max Cavalera produced the album. Prophecy was released on March 30, 2004 and in April of that year had reached a peak of number 82 on the Billboard 200, although it has reached the top 50 of the Australian album charts. Soulfly followed the album release with tours supporting Black Sabbath and Morbid Angel. In February 2005, Soulfly released their first DVD, entitled The Song Remains Insane. This was a biography of the band, containing live footage from all over the globe, interviews, and all of the band's music videos. In August 2005, Roadrunner Records reissued their self-titled first album as part of the label's 25th anniversary celebration. In August 2007, Soulfly did a tour that consisted of a mixture of festival and club shows through Europe before playing the 11th Annual D-Low Memorial Show in Tempe, AZ on August 31, 2007. Cavalera Conspiracy also made their debut live performance at the show by opening for Soulfly. One week after performing the show, Soulfly went to Bobby Burns and Tim Lau's newly renovated Porch Studio in Orlando, FL to begin work on their sixth studio album, which Cavalera had begun writing during the summer. After working halfway through recording until September 29, Cavalera halted the session to travel throughout Egypt to record more sounds to integrate into the new songs. In November 2007, Cavalera returned to Orlando to complete tracking and the album was mixed by Andy Sneap in early 2008. The album featured collaborations Dave Peters from Throwdown and David Vincent from Morbid Angel. Soulfly released their sixth album entitled Conquer on July 29, 2008.", "Ritual (Soulfly album) Ritual is the eleventh album by Soulfly, released on October 19, 2018 through Nuclear Blast. It is the third Soulfly album with Max Cavalera's son Zyon behind the drum kit and features musical guests Randy Blythe of Lamb of God , Ross Dolan of Immolation and Mark Damon of The Pretty Reckless. Four singles were released from the album\u2014\"Evil Empowered\", title track \"Ritual\", \" Dead Behind the Eyes\", and \"Under Rapture\". The album was produced by Josh Wilbur. Max Cavalera published the statement and said \"For this one, we really tried to retain the groove of early Soulfly as well as my love for the heavy, fast stuff I'm into: like death and black metal and some hardcore. Working with Josh Wilbur for Soulfly this time around has been amazing. He's a huge fan and added a lot to the record. I would fight for the fast songs and he would always push me to add more groove. I think in the end we created a really cool mix of songs that covers a lot of ground in my career.\" \"Ritual\" sold 3,600 copies in its first week of release in the US. Prior to release Wall of Sound writer Jim Birkin rated the album 9/10, stating: \"There is undoubtedly some old school Cavalera creeping into his music these days and that can only be a good thing. May all future Soulfly albums contain Josh Wilbur in its production.\" Soulfly Additional musicians Production Miscellaneous"], "answer": {"text": "On every Soulfly album, we've changed the line up and it will probably continue that way.", "answer_start": 1498}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_156598107dd7440ca6a9bdc386246430_0_q#1", "question": "What else is different about it", "rewrite": "What else is different along with Soulfly's new lineup?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ritual (Soulfly album) Ritual is the eleventh album by Soulfly, released on October 19, 2018 through Nuclear Blast. It is the third Soulfly album with Max Cavalera's son Zyon behind the drum kit and features musical guests Randy Blythe of Lamb of God , Ross Dolan of Immolation and Mark Damon of The Pretty Reckless. Four singles were released from the album\u2014\"Evil Empowered\", title track \"Ritual\", \" Dead Behind the Eyes\", and \"Under Rapture\". The album was produced by Josh Wilbur. Max Cavalera published the statement and said \"For this one, we really tried to retain the groove of early Soulfly as well as my love for the heavy, fast stuff I'm into: like death and black metal and some hardcore. Working with Josh Wilbur for Soulfly this time around has been amazing. He's a huge fan and added a lot to the record. I would fight for the fast songs and he would always push me to add more groove. I think in the end we created a really cool mix of songs that covers a lot of ground in my career.\" \"Ritual\" sold 3,600 copies in its first week of release in the US. Prior to release Wall of Sound writer Jim Birkin rated the album 9/10, stating: \"There is undoubtedly some old school Cavalera creeping into his music these days and that can only be a good thing. May all future Soulfly albums contain Josh Wilbur in its production.\" Soulfly Additional musicians Production Miscellaneous", "Prophecy (Soulfly album) Prophecy is the fourth studio album by the metal band Soulfly and it was released in 2004. This album is noteworthy for three features \u2013 the completely different line-up for the album apart from leader Max Cavalera, the world music influence from a stint that Cavalera spent in Serbia, and explicit spirituality themes on the album. The album has gone on to sell over 275,000 copies. Cavalera recruited a whole new line-up for the \"Prophecy\" album. Joe Nunez was back behind the drum kit having worked on the \"Primitive\" album with former Ill Ni\u00f1o lead guitarist Marc Rizzo. There are two bassists playing as members of Soulfly on \"Prophecy\" \u2013 Megadeth's David Ellefson and Primer 55's Bobby Burns. Cavalera took this decision to have a mixture of old school metal and death metal on the album. Max Cavalera explains on Roadrunner Records website that he wants to use different musicians as part of the group for each album. \" \"This is an approach that I've wanted to do for a while. I never wanted Soulfly to be a band like Metallica, with the same four guys. On every Soulfly album, we've changed the line-up and it will probably continue that way. In order to do that, I had to start from the inside out and bring in people who caught my attention, that I had never played with before, and create this.\" \" With the exception of Ellefson, Soulfly retained the same lineup until their 8th studio album, \"Enslaved\", in 2012. In Sepultura, Cavalera had shown an interest in world music as shown on the 1996 \"Roots\" album featuring elements of the music of Brazil's indigenous peoples.", "In late 2001, Joe Nunez left Soulfly to join Stripping the Pistol, saying that it was \"time for [him] to move on\". Roy Mayorga departed from his band Medication to rejoin Soulfly for the recording of their third album. 3 was the first Soulfly album which was produced by Max Cavalera. Other musicians performing on 3 included Cristian Machado of Ill Nino, and guitarist Wiley Arnet and drummer Greg Hall, and Max's stepson Richie Cavalera. The album reached number 46 on the Billboard 200 in that year. After the release of 3 on June 25, 2002, Soulfly toured throughout Europe and North America with bands such as Slayer, In Flames, God Forbid, and Will Haven. In September 2003, after the world tour for 3, Marcelo Dias was fired from the band, and Mikey Doling and Roy Mayorga both left the band in protest, leaving Cavalera as the sole remaining member for a period of three weeks. Cavalera recruited a new lineup in October 2003 for the recording of Soulfly's Prophecy album. Joe Nunez returned on drums with New Jersey native Marc Rizzo, formerly of Ill Nino, on guitar and Kentucky native Bobby Burns, formerly of Primer 55, on bass. David Ellefson, formerly of Megadeth at the time, also played bass on several of the album's songs. Max Cavalera explained on the band's website that he wanted to use different musicians as part of the group for each album. \"This is an approach that I've wanted to do for a while. I never wanted Soulfly to be a band like Metallica, with the same four guys. On every Soulfly album, we've changed the line up and it will probably continue that way.", "The original AIM program ran through 1969 and resulted in an increased interest in transracial adoptions. The focus of the program was broadened in 1970 to include all children, but it continued to overrepresent First Nations children given the high number that were taken into custody by social workers in Saskatchewan. For example, in 1969, Indian and M\u00e9tis people represented only 7.5 percent of the population of Saskatchewan but their children accounted for 41.9 percent of all children in foster homes in the province. In 1971, the M\u00e9tis Society in Saskatoon formed a M\u00e9tis Foster Home Committee, led by Howard Adams, Phyllis Trochie, Nora Thibodeau and Vicki Raceme. Its purpose was to challenge the AIM program and research the creation of a M\u00e9tis-controlled foster home program. Those leading the committee saw the AIM program as detrimental to children, parents and the M\u00e9tis community. They said that AIM's advertising campaign was racist, specifically because it implied M\u00e9tis parents were unable to look after their children, portrayed First Nations children as inferior and unwanted, and suggested that any white family could be accepted for adoptions. A \"CBC News\" segment in 1971 by reporter John Warren stated that 500 children had found permanent homes through the AIM program. An unidentified man representing AIM that Warren interviews said that the increased adoptions of Indian and M\u00e9tis children was not due to prior prejudice but increased awareness of their availability for adoption, adding that 170 children up to age 10 currently were in need of homes. Further, the AIM representative stated that four years earlier \"children of native origin\" represented only one in ten of the children adopted in Saskatchewan and for the past two years they represented one in four of the children adopted in the province. The AIM representative said that though it was not the primary goal of the program, he hoped that AIM would help people of different races understand each other.", "After the release of 3 on June 25, 2002, Soulfly toured throughout Europe and North America with bands such as Slayer, In Flames, God Forbid, and Will Haven. In September 2003, after the world tour for 3, Marcelo Dias was fired from the band, and Mikey Doling and Roy Mayorga both left the band in protest, leaving Cavalera as the sole remaining member for a period of three weeks. Cavalera recruited a new lineup in October 2003 for the recording of Soulfly's Prophecy album. Joe Nunez returned on drums with New Jersey native Marc Rizzo, formerly of Ill Nino, on guitar and Kentucky native Bobby Burns, formerly of Primer 55, on bass. David Ellefson, formerly of Megadeth at the time, also played bass on several of the album's songs. Max Cavalera explained on the band's website that he wanted to use different musicians as part of the group for each album. \"This is an approach that I've wanted to do for a while. I never wanted Soulfly to be a band like Metallica, with the same four guys. On every Soulfly album, we've changed the line up and it will probably continue that way. In order to do that, I had to start from the inside out and bring in people who caught my attention, that I had never played with before, and create this.\" While a member of Sepultura, Cavalera had shown an interest in world music as shown in Roots, featuring elements of the music of Brazil's indigenous peoples. This approach continued on the Prophecy album, with Cavalera traveling to Serbia to record with traditional musicians. On the song \"Moses\", he worked with Serbian band Eyesburn, which also features reggae influences from one of his heroes, Bob Marley."], "answer": {"text": "Max Cavalera explained on the band's website that he wanted to use different musicians as part of the group for each album.", "answer_start": 1240}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Soulfly's new lineup?", "answer": {"text": "On every Soulfly album, we've changed the line up and it will probably continue that way.", "answer_start": 1498, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_156598107dd7440ca6a9bdc386246430_0_q#2", "question": "which musicians are on it", "rewrite": "Which musicians are on Prophecy?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Prophecy Productions Prophecy Productions is a German record label located in Zeltingen-Rachtig, founded by Martin Koller in 1996. It proclaims being a \"label for eerie emotional music\", which roughly comprises artists with a dark metal, black metal, or neofolk background, yet with a unique and unconventional approach to music. Since 1993, Martin Koller used the moniker Prophecy for his small, self-operated mail-order business. According to him, the actual birth of Prophecy Productions as a label was the release of the album \"A Wintersunset...\" by Empyrium. While this record was intended to be the sole release under the name of Prophecy, the success of it encouraged Koller to continue the label. Even in the early days, it was obvious that Prophecy took interest in single musicians' entire work and that some of the label's artists felt attached the label. In 1998, for example, Autumnblaze were signed, a new band with musicians from Paragon of Beauty, as well as Sun Of The Sleepless, the side project of Markus Stock from Empyrium. Throughout Prophecy's history, there are many more collaborations of that kind between the label and new projects or bands. Also in 1998, the place of business was moved from Wittlich to nearby Zeltingen-Rachtig, and a long-term cooperation was decided on with Markus Stock and his recording studio Klangschmiede Studio E to ensure a continuous high standard for Prophecy's music productions. In the same year, Prophecy put out \"Hallavedet\", the first official release by progressive Folk band Tenhi. The Finnish group quickly became one of the most popular artists on Prophecy and is currently (as of December 2014) still signed to the label.", "There is a world of difference between Christian love toward the sinner and a sentimental sympathy for him. Christian love will spare nothing in order that the one doing evil be redeemed from his condition. Sickly sympathy with the wicked, however, is not true compassion, even for the wicked.\u201d \"The Two Edge Sword\", pages 285. \u201cIt is a common misconception of Old Testament prophecy that it means prediction... Prophecy discloses the nature and character of God and the implications of the divine nature and character for human thought and action. It is insight into the moral will of God and the reality of sin\u2026Prophecy places the integrity of the one God above any national or patriotic consideration.\u201d \"Dictionary of the Bible\", page 695-698 \u201cIs there a prophecy which is not uttered by authority in the Church but uttered to authority? The nature of prophecy and the nature of the Church indicate that prophecy belongs to the whole Church, not to the Church officers alone, and that the officers can hear prophecy as well as speak it. The history of the Church attests to the need of prophecy within the Church. Prophecy within the Church is a remedy for corruption on all levels. There are times when the officers fail to speak as they ought. There are times when the hierarchy itself needs to be redeemed from corruption. Prophecy is the only agency of the Spirit through which any control is exercised over the officers themselves and through which those defects and evils can be corrected, which it cannot be assumed the officers themselves will correct. There can be no doubt that the usual hostility which we see existing in the Old Testament between prophecy and the officers of Israel is continued in the history of the Church. It is part of the demonic in man that prophecy must usually meet Church authority on the level of hostility.", "Self-defeating prophecy A self-defeating prophecy (\"self-destroying\" or \"self-denying\" in some sources) is the complementary opposite of a self-fulfilling prophecy; a prediction that prevents what it predicts from happening. This is also known as the prophet's dilemma. A self-defeating prophecy can be the result of rebellion to the prediction. If the audience of a prediction has an interest in seeing it falsified, and its fulfillment depends on their actions or inaction, their actions upon hearing it will make the prediction less plausible. If a prediction is made with this outcome specifically in mind, it is commonly referred to as reverse psychology or warning. Also, when working to make a premonition come true, one can inadvertently change the circumstances so much that the prophecy cannot come true. It is important to distinguish a self-defeating prophecy from a self-fulfilling prophecy that predicts a negative outcome. If a prophecy of a negative outcome is made, and that negative outcome is achieved as a result of positive feedback, then it is a self-\"fulfilling\" prophecy. For example, if a group of people decide they will not be able to achieve a goal and stop working towards the goal as a result, their prophecy was self-fulfilling. Likewise, if a prediction of a negative outcome is made, but the outcome is positive because of negative feedback resulting from the rebellion, then that is a self-\"defeating\" prophecy.", "Seven fires prophecy Seven fires prophecy is an Anishinaabe prophecy that marks phases, or epochs, in the life of the people on Turtle Island, a Native American name for the North American continent. The seven fires of the prophecy represent key spiritual teachings for North America, and suggest that the different colors and traditions of the human beings can come together on a basis of respect. It contains information for the future lives of the Anishinaabe which are still in the process of being fulfilled. Originally, the prophecy and the Ojibwa migration story were closely linked. However, the last half of the prophecy appears to apply to all peoples in contact with the Anishinaabeg. Consequently, with the growth of the Pan-Indian Movement in the 1960s and the 1970s, concepts of the Seven fires prophecy merged with other similar prophetical teaching found among Indigenous peoples of North America forming a unified environmental, political, and socio-economic voice towards Canada and the United States. The Seven fires prophecy was originally taught among the practitioners of Midewiwin. William Commanda, an Algonquin elder and former chief of the Kitig\u00e0n-z\u00ecb\u00ec Anishin\u00e0beg First Nation, was the wampum belt keeper for the seven fires prophecy. He died on August 3, 2011. Originally, the prophecies were given by eight prophets in seven different time periods. According to oral tradition, the Mi'kmaq Nation heard the first Prophet. The remaining seven prophets appeared before and were recorded by the Anishinaabeg. A prophecy of each of these seven periods were then called a \"fire\". The teachings of the Seven fires prophecy also state that when the world has been befouled and the waters turned bitter by disrespect, human beings will have two options to choose from, materialism or spirituality.", "Indeed, historically people have demanded prophets proof of their prophecy, and the Quran has recognized the legitimacy of this demand. This demand for proof is answered by acts of miracle by Prophets. Miracles are not logically impossible acts, but rather are a \"break in what is habitual\" (kharq-i \u2018adat), a phenomenon that is often observed in a lower degree among ascetics. According to Ja'far Sobhani, there are distinctions between Divine miracles and acts that simply break the ordinary affair of things: As Corbin mentioned in History of Islam, prophecy and walayah (authority or guardianship ) are among Shia doctrines. One of them is the absolute prophecy that is general and another is particular prophecy. The first one corresponds to Muhammadan Reality from the beginning to eternity. The latter is subordinate to the former and corresponds to prophecy of a particular prophet. For example, the prophecy of the prophet of Islam, Mohammad is the seal of the prophecy. Corbin defines the walayah as the esoteric aspect of eternal prophecy. Walayah is likewise divided into two forms: the absolute walayah and the particular walayah. The prophecy of each prophet emanates from absolute prophecy and according to the Shia doctrine, the walayah of all the men of God ends in the Ttwelfth Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi."], "answer": {"text": "Joe Nunez returned on drums with New Jersey native Marc Rizzo, formerly of Ill Nino, on guitar and Kentucky native Bobby Burns, formerly of Primer 55, on bass. David Ellefson,", "answer_start": 980}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Soulfly's new lineup?", "answer": {"text": "On every Soulfly album, we've changed the line up and it will probably continue that way.", "answer_start": 1498, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is different about it", "answer": {"text": "Max Cavalera explained on the band's website that he wanted to use different musicians as part of the group for each album.", "answer_start": 1240, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_156598107dd7440ca6a9bdc386246430_0_q#3", "question": "was there anyone else?", "rewrite": "Was there musicians on Prophecy besides Nunez, Rizzo and Burns?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of Soulfly members Soulfly is an American heavy metal band from Phoenix, Arizona. Formed by vocalist and rhythm guitarist Max Cavalera following his departure from Sepultura in 1997, the group originally included lead guitarist Jackson Bandeira, bassist Marcelo \"Cello\" Dias and drummer Roy \"Rata\" Mayorga. Bandeira left after the recording of the band's self-titled debut album, with former Machine Head guitarist Logan Mader taking his place in April 1998 for the album's touring cycle. Mader had left by the following January, with Mikey Doling joining in his place. Mayorga departed the group in July 1999, with Joe Nunez announced as his replacement in November. Nunez performed on the 2000 album \"Primitive\", but left the following October due to concerns with his \"financial arrangement with the group\". Mayorga returned in his place. In September 2003, Dias was fired from Soulfly by Cavalera and his wife Gloria (the band's manager), which prompted Doling and Mayorga to leave. The departed members were quickly replaced by returning drummer Nunez, Primer 55 guitarist Bobby Burns on bass, and former Ill Ni\u00f1o guitarist Marc Rizzo. The group's lineup subsequently remained stable for a number of years, before Burns left in July 2010, shortly after the release of \"Omen\". Fireball Ministry's Johny Chow filled in for a string of tour dates, before Tony Campos (formerly of Static-X) joined as Burns' full-time replacement in 2011. Shortly after Campos' addition, Nunez left Soulfly and was replaced temporarily by Cavalera's son Zyon. Borknagar's David Kinkade subsequently joined in September, performing on the group's eighth studio album \"Enslaved\".", "In late 2001, Joe Nunez left Soulfly to join Stripping the Pistol, saying that it was \"time for [him] to move on\". Roy Mayorga departed from his band Medication to rejoin Soulfly for the recording of their third album. 3 was the first Soulfly album which was produced by Max Cavalera. Other musicians performing on 3 included Cristian Machado of Ill Nino, and guitarist Wiley Arnet and drummer Greg Hall, and Max's stepson Richie Cavalera. The album reached number 46 on the Billboard 200 in that year. After the release of 3 on June 25, 2002, Soulfly toured throughout Europe and North America with bands such as Slayer, In Flames, God Forbid, and Will Haven. In September 2003, after the world tour for 3, Marcelo Dias was fired from the band, and Mikey Doling and Roy Mayorga both left the band in protest, leaving Cavalera as the sole remaining member for a period of three weeks. Cavalera recruited a new lineup in October 2003 for the recording of Soulfly's Prophecy album. Joe Nunez returned on drums with New Jersey native Marc Rizzo, formerly of Ill Nino, on guitar and Kentucky native Bobby Burns, formerly of Primer 55, on bass. David Ellefson, formerly of Megadeth at the time, also played bass on several of the album's songs. Max Cavalera explained on the band's website that he wanted to use different musicians as part of the group for each album. \"This is an approach that I've wanted to do for a while. I never wanted Soulfly to be a band like Metallica, with the same four guys. On every Soulfly album, we've changed the line up and it will probably continue that way.", "Alcide Nunez Alcide Patrick Nunez (March 17, 1884 \u2013 September 2, 1934), also known as Yellow Nunez and Al Nunez, was an American jazz clarinetist. He was one of the first musicians of New Orleans to make audio recordings. Alcide Patrick Nunez was born in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana. His parents were Victor Nunez and Elisa Nunez Chalaire and were of Isle\u00f1o and French Creole (white Creole) descent respectively. The family moved to New Orleans when he was a child. He grew up amid the Marigny and Bywater districts of New Orleans. For a time, Nunez lived at 1340 Arts Street in the St. Roch neighborhood of New Orleans. He played guitar, then switched to clarinet about 1902. He soon became one of the top hot clarinetists in the city. By 1905 he was a regular in Papa Jack Laine's band, in addition to playing with Tom Brown and sometimes leading bands of his own. Nunez could play several instruments, but mainly played the clarinet. In addition, he was able to improvise variations on the songs he heard. Before he was able to make music a full-time profession, Nunez worked for a while driving a mule-drawn wagon with fellow musician \"Chink\" Martin Abraham. In early 1916 he went north to Chicago with Stein's Dixie Jass Band, which was to become famous as the Original Dixieland Jass Band, but Nunez left the band shortly before they made their first recordings. In 1917 the Dixieland Jass Band achieved great success with their recording of the instrumental \"Livery Stable Blues\" under the direction of Nick LaRocca; however, Nunez and Ray Lopez filed copyright for a sheet music version of the tune before LaRocca. Nick LaRocca and the band sued Nunez for $10,000.", "Prophecy (Soulfly album) Prophecy is the fourth studio album by the metal band Soulfly and it was released in 2004. This album is noteworthy for three features \u2013 the completely different line-up for the album apart from leader Max Cavalera, the world music influence from a stint that Cavalera spent in Serbia, and explicit spirituality themes on the album. The album has gone on to sell over 275,000 copies. Cavalera recruited a whole new line-up for the \"Prophecy\" album. Joe Nunez was back behind the drum kit having worked on the \"Primitive\" album with former Ill Ni\u00f1o lead guitarist Marc Rizzo. There are two bassists playing as members of Soulfly on \"Prophecy\" \u2013 Megadeth's David Ellefson and Primer 55's Bobby Burns. Cavalera took this decision to have a mixture of old school metal and death metal on the album. Max Cavalera explains on Roadrunner Records website that he wants to use different musicians as part of the group for each album. \" \"This is an approach that I've wanted to do for a while. I never wanted Soulfly to be a band like Metallica, with the same four guys. On every Soulfly album, we've changed the line-up and it will probably continue that way. In order to do that, I had to start from the inside out and bring in people who caught my attention, that I had never played with before, and create this.\" \" With the exception of Ellefson, Soulfly retained the same lineup until their 8th studio album, \"Enslaved\", in 2012. In Sepultura, Cavalera had shown an interest in world music as shown on the 1996 \"Roots\" album featuring elements of the music of Brazil's indigenous peoples.", "In 1993, after two failed marriages and a desire to become an artist, Nunez decided to move to Phoenix, Arizona. to find his path in life. During the trip from Indiana to Arizona, Nunez passed through Dallas when his car broke down. Without the funds to pay for repairs, Nunez was taken in by an uncle and never left. Nunez then spent the next 13 years working in the hospitality industry as a bartender, waiter and head trainer for several high-volume establishments. He eventually became the general manager for a wine bar in Highland Village, TX, 30 minutes outside of Dallas. The wine bar gave hime a venue where he could showcase his pieces by painting live in front of the evening's guests. He knew that he could increase his art's visibility by making the wine bar more successful. Finally, in 2005, at the age of 45, Nunez was ready to pursue art full-time. He says his birthday that year made him realize he was in a now-or-never situation to chase his dream of becoming a working artist. It was also at this time that he met his current wife, Nancy Nunez, whom Nunez cites as his muse and has since become the art director of Nunez's NINA Art, the company he founded to showcase his work. NINA Art draws its name from Nunez's nickname for Nancy. Through Nunez Art Director's inspiration, Nunez decided early on that his life's work would be supporting women and children. His goal with NINA Art is to use his talent to put him in a place with celebrities and athletes where they can work together to raise money for worthy causes and charities. Nunez estimates that through NINA Art, in excess of $350,000 has been raised from 2006-2013 for various causes. One of Nunez's pieces sold for $21,000 at a fundraiser, the current highest amount for one of his pieces."], "answer": {"text": "David Ellefson, formerly of Megadeth at the time, also played bass on several of the album's songs.", "answer_start": 1140}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Soulfly's new lineup?", "answer": {"text": "On every Soulfly album, we've changed the line up and it will probably continue that way.", "answer_start": 1498, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is different about it", "answer": {"text": "Max Cavalera explained on the band's website that he wanted to use different musicians as part of the group for each album.", "answer_start": 1240, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which musicians are on it", "answer": {"text": "Joe Nunez returned on drums with New Jersey native Marc Rizzo, formerly of Ill Nino, on guitar and Kentucky native Bobby Burns, formerly of Primer 55, on bass. David Ellefson,", "answer_start": 980, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_156598107dd7440ca6a9bdc386246430_0_q#4", "question": "what was prophecy", "rewrite": "What was Prophecy album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After the release of 3 on June 25, 2002, Soulfly toured throughout Europe and North America with bands such as Slayer, In Flames, God Forbid, and Will Haven. In September 2003, after the world tour for 3, Marcelo Dias was fired from the band, and Mikey Doling and Roy Mayorga both left the band in protest, leaving Cavalera as the sole remaining member for a period of three weeks. Cavalera recruited a new lineup in October 2003 for the recording of Soulfly's Prophecy album. Joe Nunez returned on drums with New Jersey native Marc Rizzo, formerly of Ill Nino, on guitar and Kentucky native Bobby Burns, formerly of Primer 55, on bass. David Ellefson, formerly of Megadeth at the time, also played bass on several of the album's songs. Max Cavalera explained on the band's website that he wanted to use different musicians as part of the group for each album. \"This is an approach that I've wanted to do for a while. I never wanted Soulfly to be a band like Metallica, with the same four guys. On every Soulfly album, we've changed the line up and it will probably continue that way. In order to do that, I had to start from the inside out and bring in people who caught my attention, that I had never played with before, and create this.\" While a member of Sepultura, Cavalera had shown an interest in world music as shown in Roots, featuring elements of the music of Brazil's indigenous peoples. This approach continued on the Prophecy album, with Cavalera traveling to Serbia to record with traditional musicians. On the song \"Moses\", he worked with Serbian band Eyesburn, which also features reggae influences from one of his heroes, Bob Marley.", "This approach continues on the \"Prophecy\" album with Cavalera travelling to Serbia to record with traditional musicians. On the track \"Moses\", an explicit statement of his religious beliefs he works with Serbian band Eyesburn featuring reggae influences. Other tracks on the album feature instruments from the Middle Ages, sheepskin bagpipes and Serbian Gypsies. On the band's website, Max Cavalera said that he founded the band \"with the idea of combined sounds and spiritual beliefs.\" The Prophecy album contains the clearest statement of his beliefs with \"I Believe\" containing a spoken part in the middle where Cavalera expresses his faith. According to CMJ from 3/22/04 pg. 18 , \"[T]he tracks on Prophecy have worldly textures and a distinct vibe that furthers Soulfly's status as a fluid musical tribe.\" John Serba of Allmusic praised Cavalera for their most well-done album possibly since his career with Sepultura. He also praised that there are many organic influences, the album was tagged the \"Bob Marley of metal. \" Don Kaye of Blabbermouth says this album is \"a strong, if disjointed effort, yet SOULFLY itself sounds more and more like a project searching for new ground, instead of a growing and developing rock act. \" Vik Bansal of musicOMH noted that the album serves as testaments to legendary metal bands from the 1980s. According to Cavalera, \"Prophecy\" is dedicated \"to God, the Most High\", and is littered with religious art and professions of faith. Adrien Begrand of \"PopMatters\" says \"Although a bit inconsistent for about half an hour in the album's second half, the magic is indeed back.\"", "In order to do that, I had to start from the inside out and bring in people who caught my attention, that I had never played with before, and create this.\" While a member of Sepultura, Cavalera had shown an interest in world music as shown in Roots, featuring elements of the music of Brazil's indigenous peoples. This approach continued on the Prophecy album, with Cavalera traveling to Serbia to record with traditional musicians. On the song \"Moses\", he worked with Serbian band Eyesburn, which also features reggae influences from one of his heroes, Bob Marley. Other tracks on the album feature instruments from the Middle Ages, sheepskin bagpipes, and Serbian Gypsies. Danny Marianino and Asha Rabouin returned as guest vocalists on Prophecy, as well, and Max Cavalera produced the album. Prophecy was released on March 30, 2004 and in April of that year had reached a peak of number 82 on the Billboard 200, although it has reached the top 50 of the Australian album charts. Soulfly followed the album release with tours supporting Black Sabbath and Morbid Angel. In February 2005, Soulfly released their first DVD, entitled The Song Remains Insane. This was a biography of the band, containing live footage from all over the globe, interviews, and all of the band's music videos. In August 2005, Roadrunner Records reissued their self-titled first album as part of the label's 25th anniversary celebration.", "Fireangel Fireangel is the 6th studio album by German power metal band Mystic Prophecy. It is the first album to feature new guitarist Constantine, new bassist Connie Andreszka and new drummer Stefan Dittrich who all joined the band in 2008. It was released by Massacre Records on May 22. The Album entered the German album charts at #77. It is the first Mystic Prophecy album to enter the charts. Bonus disk included in Digipack version: \"Source: Official Mystic Prophecy-homepage\"
", "Joby Talbot's saxophone can be heard on The Prophecy album. Simon Doc Octopus Milton played bass guitar on The Lord Of The Flies album. Milton also engineered and co-produced Nosferatu's Rise, The Prophecy, Prince of Darkness and Lord Of The Flies albums as well as their singles Inside The Devil, Savage Kiss, and The Haunting. Louis DeWray also participated in the band's studio work. He recorded, mixed and mastered the 2011 album \"Wonderland\" at his Earth Terminal studio in Hampshire, UK. Nosferatu received both national and independent chart success in the UK and Germany with their early releases peaking with \"The Prophecy\" in 1994 which peaked in the UK Indie Chart at number 14 on release. The band has independently released eleven albums including 5 studio albums, 8 singles, 1 DVD and various songs featured on 54 compilation albums."], "answer": {"text": "Prophecy album,", "answer_start": 345}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Soulfly's new lineup?", "answer": {"text": "On every Soulfly album, we've changed the line up and it will probably continue that way.", "answer_start": 1498, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is different about it", "answer": {"text": "Max Cavalera explained on the band's website that he wanted to use different musicians as part of the group for each album.", "answer_start": 1240, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which musicians are on it", "answer": {"text": "Joe Nunez returned on drums with New Jersey native Marc Rizzo, formerly of Ill Nino, on guitar and Kentucky native Bobby Burns, formerly of Primer 55, on bass. David Ellefson,", "answer_start": 980, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was there anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "David Ellefson, formerly of Megadeth at the time, also played bass on several of the album's songs.", "answer_start": 1140, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_156598107dd7440ca6a9bdc386246430_0_q#5", "question": "who sang on prophecy", "rewrite": "Who sang on Prophecy album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Joby Talbot's saxophone can be heard on The Prophecy album. Simon Doc Octopus Milton played bass guitar on The Lord Of The Flies album. Milton also engineered and co-produced Nosferatu's Rise, The Prophecy, Prince of Darkness and Lord Of The Flies albums as well as their singles Inside The Devil, Savage Kiss, and The Haunting. Louis DeWray also participated in the band's studio work. He recorded, mixed and mastered the 2011 album \"Wonderland\" at his Earth Terminal studio in Hampshire, UK. Nosferatu received both national and independent chart success in the UK and Germany with their early releases peaking with \"The Prophecy\" in 1994 which peaked in the UK Indie Chart at number 14 on release. The band has independently released eleven albums including 5 studio albums, 8 singles, 1 DVD and various songs featured on 54 compilation albums.", "After the release of 3 on June 25, 2002, Soulfly toured throughout Europe and North America with bands such as Slayer, In Flames, God Forbid, and Will Haven. In September 2003, after the world tour for 3, Marcelo Dias was fired from the band, and Mikey Doling and Roy Mayorga both left the band in protest, leaving Cavalera as the sole remaining member for a period of three weeks. Cavalera recruited a new lineup in October 2003 for the recording of Soulfly's Prophecy album. Joe Nunez returned on drums with New Jersey native Marc Rizzo, formerly of Ill Nino, on guitar and Kentucky native Bobby Burns, formerly of Primer 55, on bass. David Ellefson, formerly of Megadeth at the time, also played bass on several of the album's songs. Max Cavalera explained on the band's website that he wanted to use different musicians as part of the group for each album. \"This is an approach that I've wanted to do for a while. I never wanted Soulfly to be a band like Metallica, with the same four guys. On every Soulfly album, we've changed the line up and it will probably continue that way. In order to do that, I had to start from the inside out and bring in people who caught my attention, that I had never played with before, and create this.\" While a member of Sepultura, Cavalera had shown an interest in world music as shown in Roots, featuring elements of the music of Brazil's indigenous peoples. This approach continued on the Prophecy album, with Cavalera traveling to Serbia to record with traditional musicians. On the song \"Moses\", he worked with Serbian band Eyesburn, which also features reggae influences from one of his heroes, Bob Marley.", "This approach continues on the \"Prophecy\" album with Cavalera travelling to Serbia to record with traditional musicians. On the track \"Moses\", an explicit statement of his religious beliefs he works with Serbian band Eyesburn featuring reggae influences. Other tracks on the album feature instruments from the Middle Ages, sheepskin bagpipes and Serbian Gypsies. On the band's website, Max Cavalera said that he founded the band \"with the idea of combined sounds and spiritual beliefs.\" The Prophecy album contains the clearest statement of his beliefs with \"I Believe\" containing a spoken part in the middle where Cavalera expresses his faith. According to CMJ from 3/22/04 pg. 18 , \"[T]he tracks on Prophecy have worldly textures and a distinct vibe that furthers Soulfly's status as a fluid musical tribe.\" John Serba of Allmusic praised Cavalera for their most well-done album possibly since his career with Sepultura. He also praised that there are many organic influences, the album was tagged the \"Bob Marley of metal. \" Don Kaye of Blabbermouth says this album is \"a strong, if disjointed effort, yet SOULFLY itself sounds more and more like a project searching for new ground, instead of a growing and developing rock act. \" Vik Bansal of musicOMH noted that the album serves as testaments to legendary metal bands from the 1980s. According to Cavalera, \"Prophecy\" is dedicated \"to God, the Most High\", and is littered with religious art and professions of faith. Adrien Begrand of \"PopMatters\" says \"Although a bit inconsistent for about half an hour in the album's second half, the magic is indeed back.\"", "Fireangel Fireangel is the 6th studio album by German power metal band Mystic Prophecy. It is the first album to feature new guitarist Constantine, new bassist Connie Andreszka and new drummer Stefan Dittrich who all joined the band in 2008. It was released by Massacre Records on May 22. The Album entered the German album charts at #77. It is the first Mystic Prophecy album to enter the charts. Bonus disk included in Digipack version: \"Source: Official Mystic Prophecy-homepage\"
", "In order to do that, I had to start from the inside out and bring in people who caught my attention, that I had never played with before, and create this.\" While a member of Sepultura, Cavalera had shown an interest in world music as shown in Roots, featuring elements of the music of Brazil's indigenous peoples. This approach continued on the Prophecy album, with Cavalera traveling to Serbia to record with traditional musicians. On the song \"Moses\", he worked with Serbian band Eyesburn, which also features reggae influences from one of his heroes, Bob Marley. Other tracks on the album feature instruments from the Middle Ages, sheepskin bagpipes, and Serbian Gypsies. Danny Marianino and Asha Rabouin returned as guest vocalists on Prophecy, as well, and Max Cavalera produced the album. Prophecy was released on March 30, 2004 and in April of that year had reached a peak of number 82 on the Billboard 200, although it has reached the top 50 of the Australian album charts. Soulfly followed the album release with tours supporting Black Sabbath and Morbid Angel. In February 2005, Soulfly released their first DVD, entitled The Song Remains Insane. This was a biography of the band, containing live footage from all over the globe, interviews, and all of the band's music videos. In August 2005, Roadrunner Records reissued their self-titled first album as part of the label's 25th anniversary celebration."], "answer": {"text": "Serbian band Eyesburn,", "answer_start": 469}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is Soulfly's new lineup?", "answer": {"text": "On every Soulfly album, we've changed the line up and it will probably continue that way.", "answer_start": 1498, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is different about it", "answer": {"text": "Max Cavalera explained on the band's website that he wanted to use different musicians as part of the group for each album.", "answer_start": 1240, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which musicians are on it", "answer": {"text": "Joe Nunez returned on drums with New Jersey native Marc Rizzo, formerly of Ill Nino, on guitar and Kentucky native Bobby Burns, formerly of Primer 55, on bass. David Ellefson,", "answer_start": 980, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was there anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "David Ellefson, formerly of Megadeth at the time, also played bass on several of the album's songs.", "answer_start": 1140, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was prophecy", "answer": {"text": "Prophecy album,", "answer_start": 345, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_156598107dd7440ca6a9bdc386246430_0_q#6", "question": "DId anyone else?", "rewrite": "Did anyone else other than Eyesburn perform on Prophecy?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This approach continues on the \"Prophecy\" album with Cavalera travelling to Serbia to record with traditional musicians. On the track \"Moses\", an explicit statement of his religious beliefs he works with Serbian band Eyesburn featuring reggae influences. Other tracks on the album feature instruments from the Middle Ages, sheepskin bagpipes and Serbian Gypsies. On the band's website, Max Cavalera said that he founded the band \"with the idea of combined sounds and spiritual beliefs.\" The Prophecy album contains the clearest statement of his beliefs with \"I Believe\" containing a spoken part in the middle where Cavalera expresses his faith. According to CMJ from 3/22/04 pg. 18 , \"[T]he tracks on Prophecy have worldly textures and a distinct vibe that furthers Soulfly's status as a fluid musical tribe.\" John Serba of Allmusic praised Cavalera for their most well-done album possibly since his career with Sepultura. He also praised that there are many organic influences, the album was tagged the \"Bob Marley of metal. \" Don Kaye of Blabbermouth says this album is \"a strong, if disjointed effort, yet SOULFLY itself sounds more and more like a project searching for new ground, instead of a growing and developing rock act. \" Vik Bansal of musicOMH noted that the album serves as testaments to legendary metal bands from the 1980s. According to Cavalera, \"Prophecy\" is dedicated \"to God, the Most High\", and is littered with religious art and professions of faith. Adrien Begrand of \"PopMatters\" says \"Although a bit inconsistent for about half an hour in the album's second half, the magic is indeed back.\"", "On March 22, 2002, the band recorded their appearance in Gornji Milanovac. During the summer in the Free Zone Studio in Belgrade the recordings were remixed and post produced. Aleksandar Petrovi\u0107 \"Alek\" and Dejan Utvar, both percussionists from the band Eyesburn, made guest appearances. \"Na \u017eivo\" (\"Live\") skipped the first album and focused on the second, with five, and third, with two songs. It also featured three new tracks, \"\u010cekam dan\" (\"I Am Waiting For The Day\"), \"\u010cak i da mogu\" (\"Even If I Could\") and \"Ki\u0161a\" (\"Rain\"). The track \"Raduj se\" (\"Be Happy\") featured lyrics \"Vreme mu isti\u010de, zato besan je\" (\"His time is out, that is why he is mad\"), which were not included on the studio version since it was dedicated to the former president Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107. The album was produced by Zoran \u0110uroski \"\u0110ura\" from the band Eyesburn. The cover was designed by Marinkovi\u0107 and the band's original drummer Goran Ugar\u010dina. On May 31, 2003 at Belgrade's KST, the band, consisting of Marinkovi\u0107, Marjanovi\u0107, Vukovi\u0107, Arsi\u0107, who played guitar, and Marko Markovi\u0107 on bass, recorded a concert and released it as an official DivX \"Live at KST, Belgrade 31.05.2003\", free of charge and available to anyone. The band itself financed the release and made a thousand copies given to the fans, reporters and TV stations. On the disc there is a text file where it was stated that this was a present to all fans and that the copying of the disc is allowed and preferable.", "Nemanja Koji\u0107 (musician) Nemanja Koji\u0107 (17 December 1975 in Belgrade, Serbia), better known by his stage name Hornsman Coyote (or just Coyote), is a Serbian Reggae/Dub and Rock musician. He has been on the local scene for about 17 years, playing with reggae, hip hop and hardcore bands like Del Arno Band, Sunshine, Dead Ideas, etc. In 1994 he formed his own band, Eyesburn. The band recorded 5 albums, 1 EP and 1 collaboration dub album (with Ank Steadyspear). They had a European tour in 2004, supporting and performing a song, \"Moses,\" with Max Cavalera and his band, Soulfly. Eyesburn have officially disbanded in 2017 over the statement on their official Facebook profile , as well as on interview with Coyote. He immediately started new Hard Rock/Stoner Rock band \"Remedy\", stating that he will always continue with his Reggae projects. Coyote himself worked outside Serbia on \"Dark Ages\", another Soulfly record, where he plays the song \"Innerspirit\" as guest. At the same time he worked with top Serbian hip hop producer Wikluh Sky and French MC King Kyll, making one album under the name Shappa. In Serbia, as a supporting act, he and his bandmates shared stages with artists like Burning Spear, Dub Syndicate, Lee Scratch Perry, Asian Dub Foundation, etc. Coyote also appeared as a session musician and as a guest playing the trombone, guitars or singing for many Belgrade and ex-YU bands, such as Riblja \u010corba, Discord, Skarps, Irie FM, Dub Rebellion, Who See? , Kanda, Kod\u017ea i Neboj\u0161a, Darkwood Dub, Block Out, E-Play, Raspect, etc. His solo album \"", "In order to do that, I had to start from the inside out and bring in people who caught my attention, that I had never played with before, and create this.\" While a member of Sepultura, Cavalera had shown an interest in world music as shown in Roots, featuring elements of the music of Brazil's indigenous peoples. This approach continued on the Prophecy album, with Cavalera traveling to Serbia to record with traditional musicians. On the song \"Moses\", he worked with Serbian band Eyesburn, which also features reggae influences from one of his heroes, Bob Marley. Other tracks on the album feature instruments from the Middle Ages, sheepskin bagpipes, and Serbian Gypsies. Danny Marianino and Asha Rabouin returned as guest vocalists on Prophecy, as well, and Max Cavalera produced the album. Prophecy was released on March 30, 2004 and in April of that year had reached a peak of number 82 on the Billboard 200, although it has reached the top 50 of the Australian album charts. Soulfly followed the album release with tours supporting Black Sabbath and Morbid Angel. In February 2005, Soulfly released their first DVD, entitled The Song Remains Insane. This was a biography of the band, containing live footage from all over the globe, interviews, and all of the band's music videos. In August 2005, Roadrunner Records reissued their self-titled first album as part of the label's 25th anniversary celebration.", "Eyesburn Eyesburn is a Serbian band which combines hardcore punk and crossover thrash with reggae music. The band was formed in 1994, and the original line-up featured former Dead Ideas guitarist Nemanja \"Kojot\" Koji\u0107 (guitar, backing vocals), who simultaneously worked as trombonist in Del Arno Band and bass guitarist in Sunshine, Nenad \u017divi\u0107 (vocals), former Bloodbath member Aleksandar \"Alek\" Petrovi\u0107 (drums), former URGH! member Vladimir \"Laza\" Lazi\u0107 (bass guitar) and Aleksandar \"Gile\" Radulovi\u0107. The name, Eyesburn, was chosen as a comment on the Serbian TV programs which \"burned the eyes\". The band's first release, the album \"Freedomized\", was recorded live at Belgrade club KST. During this period Eyesburn mostly played in Belgrade clubs, occasionally elsewhere in Serbia. The band also started working on their first studio album, \"Dog Life\". However, the band's vocalist \u017divi\u0107 left the band just several weeks before the band started recording in the studio, and Koji\u0107 took over the lead vocalist position. The album featured the songs written in English language and a cover of Bob Marley & The Wailers song \"Exodus\", which featured guest appearance by Del Arno Band vocalist Jovan Mati\u0107. At the same time, Koji\u0107 started playing trombone as well, and the band started musical exploration of other genres, such as reggae, dub and drum & bass. On the various artists compilation \"Korak napred 2 koraka nazad\", the band appeared with a cover version of Haustor song \"\u0160ejn\". Soon after, Eyesburn recorded their second album \"Fool Control\", featuring a new guitarist, Ninoslav \"Nino\" Filipovi\u0107."], "answer": {"text": "Danny Marianino and Asha Rabouin returned as guest vocalists on Prophecy,", "answer_start": 675}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Soulfly's new lineup?", "answer": {"text": "On every Soulfly album, we've changed the line up and it will probably continue that way.", "answer_start": 1498, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is different about it", "answer": {"text": "Max Cavalera explained on the band's website that he wanted to use different musicians as part of the group for each album.", "answer_start": 1240, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which musicians are on it", "answer": {"text": "Joe Nunez returned on drums with New Jersey native Marc Rizzo, formerly of Ill Nino, on guitar and Kentucky native Bobby Burns, formerly of Primer 55, on bass. David Ellefson,", "answer_start": 980, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was there anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "David Ellefson, formerly of Megadeth at the time, also played bass on several of the album's songs.", "answer_start": 1140, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was prophecy", "answer": {"text": "Prophecy album,", "answer_start": 345, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "who sang on prophecy", "answer": {"text": "Serbian band Eyesburn,", "answer_start": 469, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_156598107dd7440ca6a9bdc386246430_0_q#7", "question": "Were there more guests?", "rewrite": "Were there more musicians on Prophecy?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Indeed, historically people have demanded prophets proof of their prophecy, and the Quran has recognized the legitimacy of this demand. This demand for proof is answered by acts of miracle by Prophets. Miracles are not logically impossible acts, but rather are a \"break in what is habitual\" (kharq-i \u2018adat), a phenomenon that is often observed in a lower degree among ascetics. According to Ja'far Sobhani, there are distinctions between Divine miracles and acts that simply break the ordinary affair of things: As Corbin mentioned in History of Islam, prophecy and walayah (authority or guardianship ) are among Shia doctrines. One of them is the absolute prophecy that is general and another is particular prophecy. The first one corresponds to Muhammadan Reality from the beginning to eternity. The latter is subordinate to the former and corresponds to prophecy of a particular prophet. For example, the prophecy of the prophet of Islam, Mohammad is the seal of the prophecy. Corbin defines the walayah as the esoteric aspect of eternal prophecy. Walayah is likewise divided into two forms: the absolute walayah and the particular walayah. The prophecy of each prophet emanates from absolute prophecy and according to the Shia doctrine, the walayah of all the men of God ends in the Ttwelfth Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi.", "There is a world of difference between Christian love toward the sinner and a sentimental sympathy for him. Christian love will spare nothing in order that the one doing evil be redeemed from his condition. Sickly sympathy with the wicked, however, is not true compassion, even for the wicked.\u201d \"The Two Edge Sword\", pages 285. \u201cIt is a common misconception of Old Testament prophecy that it means prediction... Prophecy discloses the nature and character of God and the implications of the divine nature and character for human thought and action. It is insight into the moral will of God and the reality of sin\u2026Prophecy places the integrity of the one God above any national or patriotic consideration.\u201d \"Dictionary of the Bible\", page 695-698 \u201cIs there a prophecy which is not uttered by authority in the Church but uttered to authority? The nature of prophecy and the nature of the Church indicate that prophecy belongs to the whole Church, not to the Church officers alone, and that the officers can hear prophecy as well as speak it. The history of the Church attests to the need of prophecy within the Church. Prophecy within the Church is a remedy for corruption on all levels. There are times when the officers fail to speak as they ought. There are times when the hierarchy itself needs to be redeemed from corruption. Prophecy is the only agency of the Spirit through which any control is exercised over the officers themselves and through which those defects and evils can be corrected, which it cannot be assumed the officers themselves will correct. There can be no doubt that the usual hostility which we see existing in the Old Testament between prophecy and the officers of Israel is continued in the history of the Church. It is part of the demonic in man that prophecy must usually meet Church authority on the level of hostility.", "Self-defeating prophecy A self-defeating prophecy (\"self-destroying\" or \"self-denying\" in some sources) is the complementary opposite of a self-fulfilling prophecy; a prediction that prevents what it predicts from happening. This is also known as the prophet's dilemma. A self-defeating prophecy can be the result of rebellion to the prediction. If the audience of a prediction has an interest in seeing it falsified, and its fulfillment depends on their actions or inaction, their actions upon hearing it will make the prediction less plausible. If a prediction is made with this outcome specifically in mind, it is commonly referred to as reverse psychology or warning. Also, when working to make a premonition come true, one can inadvertently change the circumstances so much that the prophecy cannot come true. It is important to distinguish a self-defeating prophecy from a self-fulfilling prophecy that predicts a negative outcome. If a prophecy of a negative outcome is made, and that negative outcome is achieved as a result of positive feedback, then it is a self-\"fulfilling\" prophecy. For example, if a group of people decide they will not be able to achieve a goal and stop working towards the goal as a result, their prophecy was self-fulfilling. Likewise, if a prediction of a negative outcome is made, but the outcome is positive because of negative feedback resulting from the rebellion, then that is a self-\"defeating\" prophecy.", "Prophecy Productions Prophecy Productions is a German record label located in Zeltingen-Rachtig, founded by Martin Koller in 1996. It proclaims being a \"label for eerie emotional music\", which roughly comprises artists with a dark metal, black metal, or neofolk background, yet with a unique and unconventional approach to music. Since 1993, Martin Koller used the moniker Prophecy for his small, self-operated mail-order business. According to him, the actual birth of Prophecy Productions as a label was the release of the album \"A Wintersunset...\" by Empyrium. While this record was intended to be the sole release under the name of Prophecy, the success of it encouraged Koller to continue the label. Even in the early days, it was obvious that Prophecy took interest in single musicians' entire work and that some of the label's artists felt attached the label. In 1998, for example, Autumnblaze were signed, a new band with musicians from Paragon of Beauty, as well as Sun Of The Sleepless, the side project of Markus Stock from Empyrium. Throughout Prophecy's history, there are many more collaborations of that kind between the label and new projects or bands. Also in 1998, the place of business was moved from Wittlich to nearby Zeltingen-Rachtig, and a long-term cooperation was decided on with Markus Stock and his recording studio Klangschmiede Studio E to ensure a continuous high standard for Prophecy's music productions. In the same year, Prophecy put out \"Hallavedet\", the first official release by progressive Folk band Tenhi. The Finnish group quickly became one of the most popular artists on Prophecy and is currently (as of December 2014) still signed to the label.", "Seven fires prophecy Seven fires prophecy is an Anishinaabe prophecy that marks phases, or epochs, in the life of the people on Turtle Island, a Native American name for the North American continent. The seven fires of the prophecy represent key spiritual teachings for North America, and suggest that the different colors and traditions of the human beings can come together on a basis of respect. It contains information for the future lives of the Anishinaabe which are still in the process of being fulfilled. Originally, the prophecy and the Ojibwa migration story were closely linked. However, the last half of the prophecy appears to apply to all peoples in contact with the Anishinaabeg. Consequently, with the growth of the Pan-Indian Movement in the 1960s and the 1970s, concepts of the Seven fires prophecy merged with other similar prophetical teaching found among Indigenous peoples of North America forming a unified environmental, political, and socio-economic voice towards Canada and the United States. The Seven fires prophecy was originally taught among the practitioners of Midewiwin. William Commanda, an Algonquin elder and former chief of the Kitig\u00e0n-z\u00ecb\u00ec Anishin\u00e0beg First Nation, was the wampum belt keeper for the seven fires prophecy. He died on August 3, 2011. Originally, the prophecies were given by eight prophets in seven different time periods. According to oral tradition, the Mi'kmaq Nation heard the first Prophet. The remaining seven prophets appeared before and were recorded by the Anishinaabeg. A prophecy of each of these seven periods were then called a \"fire\". The teachings of the Seven fires prophecy also state that when the world has been befouled and the waters turned bitter by disrespect, human beings will have two options to choose from, materialism or spirituality."], "answer": {"text": "Other tracks on the album feature instruments from the Middle Ages, sheepskin bagpipes, and Serbian Gypsies.", "answer_start": 566}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Soulfly's new lineup?", "answer": {"text": "On every Soulfly album, we've changed the line up and it will probably continue that way.", "answer_start": 1498, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is different about it", "answer": {"text": "Max Cavalera explained on the band's website that he wanted to use different musicians as part of the group for each album.", "answer_start": 1240, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which musicians are on it", "answer": {"text": "Joe Nunez returned on drums with New Jersey native Marc Rizzo, formerly of Ill Nino, on guitar and Kentucky native Bobby Burns, formerly of Primer 55, on bass. David Ellefson,", "answer_start": 980, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was there anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "David Ellefson, formerly of Megadeth at the time, also played bass on several of the album's songs.", "answer_start": 1140, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was prophecy", "answer": {"text": "Prophecy album,", "answer_start": 345, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "who sang on prophecy", "answer": {"text": "Serbian band Eyesburn,", "answer_start": 469, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "DId anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "Danny Marianino and Asha Rabouin returned as guest vocalists on Prophecy,", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_156598107dd7440ca6a9bdc386246430_0_q#8", "question": "did they tour", "rewrite": "Did Soulfly tour?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Ritual (Soulfly album) Ritual is the eleventh album by Soulfly, released on October 19, 2018 through Nuclear Blast. It is the third Soulfly album with Max Cavalera's son Zyon behind the drum kit and features musical guests Randy Blythe of Lamb of God , Ross Dolan of Immolation and Mark Damon of The Pretty Reckless. Four singles were released from the album\u2014\"Evil Empowered\", title track \"Ritual\", \" Dead Behind the Eyes\", and \"Under Rapture\". The album was produced by Josh Wilbur. Max Cavalera published the statement and said \"For this one, we really tried to retain the groove of early Soulfly as well as my love for the heavy, fast stuff I'm into: like death and black metal and some hardcore. Working with Josh Wilbur for Soulfly this time around has been amazing. He's a huge fan and added a lot to the record. I would fight for the fast songs and he would always push me to add more groove. I think in the end we created a really cool mix of songs that covers a lot of ground in my career.\" \"Ritual\" sold 3,600 copies in its first week of release in the US. Prior to release Wall of Sound writer Jim Birkin rated the album 9/10, stating: \"There is undoubtedly some old school Cavalera creeping into his music these days and that can only be a good thing. May all future Soulfly albums contain Josh Wilbur in its production.\" Soulfly Additional musicians Production Miscellaneous", "Zyon Cavalera Zyon Cavalera (born January 19, 1993) is a Brazilian American drummer, best known as the son of ex-Sepultura frontman Max Cavalera and as the current drummer for Soulfly and Lody Kong. Zyon Cavalera was born on January 19, 1993. His father Max added his in utero heartbeat into the beginning of the 1993 Sepultura song \"Refuse/Resist\" from their album \"Chaos A.D.\". Having grown up learning from the likes of uncle Igor Cavalera, ex-Soulfly drummer Roy Mayorga and Black Sabbath drummer Bill Ward, in 2010 he played drums on a cover of Refuse/Resist by Soulfly, as a bonus track for the band's seventh album \"Omen\", and in 2012 he played drums on the track \"Revengeance\" on \"Enslaved\" along with brothers Richie and Igor. In 2011, Cavalera formed the band Lody Kong, with his brother Igor Jr. fronting the band (the two are also involved in Mold Breaker, formed in 2010). Lody Kong has toured worldwide in the \"Maximum Cavalera Tour\" with Soulfly and Incite, fronted by half brother Richie. During this tour towards the end of 2012, Soulfly parted ways with the retiring David Kinkade, with Cavalera replacing him. In February 2013, Lody Kong released their debut EP, \"No Rules\", produced by Roy Mayorga with art by Sergio Zuniga. A music video was released on May 21, 2013 for \"mOnkeys alWays Look.\" In 2013, it was confirmed that Cavalera would be performing in a full-time capacity on Soulfly's 9th album, \"Savages\".", "Other tracks on the album feature instruments from the Middle Ages, sheepskin bagpipes, and Serbian Gypsies. Danny Marianino and Asha Rabouin returned as guest vocalists on Prophecy, as well, and Max Cavalera produced the album. Prophecy was released on March 30, 2004 and in April of that year had reached a peak of number 82 on the Billboard 200, although it has reached the top 50 of the Australian album charts. Soulfly followed the album release with tours supporting Black Sabbath and Morbid Angel. In February 2005, Soulfly released their first DVD, entitled The Song Remains Insane. This was a biography of the band, containing live footage from all over the globe, interviews, and all of the band's music videos. In August 2005, Roadrunner Records reissued their self-titled first album as part of the label's 25th anniversary celebration. In August 2007, Soulfly did a tour that consisted of a mixture of festival and club shows through Europe before playing the 11th Annual D-Low Memorial Show in Tempe, AZ on August 31, 2007. Cavalera Conspiracy also made their debut live performance at the show by opening for Soulfly. One week after performing the show, Soulfly went to Bobby Burns and Tim Lau's newly renovated Porch Studio in Orlando, FL to begin work on their sixth studio album, which Cavalera had begun writing during the summer. After working halfway through recording until September 29, Cavalera halted the session to travel throughout Egypt to record more sounds to integrate into the new songs. In November 2007, Cavalera returned to Orlando to complete tracking and the album was mixed by Andy Sneap in early 2008. The album featured collaborations Dave Peters from Throwdown and David Vincent from Morbid Angel. Soulfly released their sixth album entitled Conquer on July 29, 2008.", "In late 2001, Joe Nunez left Soulfly to join Stripping the Pistol, saying that it was \"time for [him] to move on\". Roy Mayorga departed from his band Medication to rejoin Soulfly for the recording of their third album. 3 was the first Soulfly album which was produced by Max Cavalera. Other musicians performing on 3 included Cristian Machado of Ill Nino, and guitarist Wiley Arnet and drummer Greg Hall, and Max's stepson Richie Cavalera. The album reached number 46 on the Billboard 200 in that year. After the release of 3 on June 25, 2002, Soulfly toured throughout Europe and North America with bands such as Slayer, In Flames, God Forbid, and Will Haven. In September 2003, after the world tour for 3, Marcelo Dias was fired from the band, and Mikey Doling and Roy Mayorga both left the band in protest, leaving Cavalera as the sole remaining member for a period of three weeks. Cavalera recruited a new lineup in October 2003 for the recording of Soulfly's Prophecy album. Joe Nunez returned on drums with New Jersey native Marc Rizzo, formerly of Ill Nino, on guitar and Kentucky native Bobby Burns, formerly of Primer 55, on bass. David Ellefson, formerly of Megadeth at the time, also played bass on several of the album's songs. Max Cavalera explained on the band's website that he wanted to use different musicians as part of the group for each album. \"This is an approach that I've wanted to do for a while. I never wanted Soulfly to be a band like Metallica, with the same four guys. On every Soulfly album, we've changed the line up and it will probably continue that way.", "Eye for an Eye (song) \"Eye for an Eye\" is the first single by metal band Soulfly, released in 1998. The song is the first track of the debut album \"Soulfly\". However, \"Eye for an Eye\" is the tenth single written by Max Cavalera overall. His last single was Sepultura's \"Ratamahatta\" before he left the band and formed Soulfly. It has become Soulfly's trademark song, and is used at the closing of every Soulfly show since 1998. The first Soulfly song features Fear Factory members Dino Cazares and Burton C. Bell as guests and plays fast, groovy riff lasting over 3\u00bd minutes."], "answer": {"text": "Soulfly followed the album release with tours supporting Black Sabbath and Morbid Angel.", "answer_start": 982}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Soulfly's new lineup?", "answer": {"text": "On every Soulfly album, we've changed the line up and it will probably continue that way.", "answer_start": 1498, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is different about it", "answer": {"text": "Max Cavalera explained on the band's website that he wanted to use different musicians as part of the group for each album.", "answer_start": 1240, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which musicians are on it", "answer": {"text": "Joe Nunez returned on drums with New Jersey native Marc Rizzo, formerly of Ill Nino, on guitar and Kentucky native Bobby Burns, formerly of Primer 55, on bass. David Ellefson,", "answer_start": 980, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was there anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "David Ellefson, formerly of Megadeth at the time, also played bass on several of the album's songs.", "answer_start": 1140, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was prophecy", "answer": {"text": "Prophecy album,", "answer_start": 345, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "who sang on prophecy", "answer": {"text": "Serbian band Eyesburn,", "answer_start": 469, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "DId anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "Danny Marianino and Asha Rabouin returned as guest vocalists on Prophecy,", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there more guests?", "answer": {"text": "Other tracks on the album feature instruments from the Middle Ages, sheepskin bagpipes, and Serbian Gypsies.", "answer_start": 566, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_85e592cb971c42ea876a97335c40a726_0_q#0", "question": "When did the pornography incident happen with Paul Reubens?", "rewrite": "When did the pornography incident happen with Paul Reubens?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Reubens decided to play a guy that everyone immediately knew would never make it as a comic, partly because Reubens couldn't remember jokes in real life \u2013 he had trouble remembering punch lines and couldn't properly piece information in sequential order. Pee-wee Herman was born that night, his distinctive guttural, \"\"Ha Ha,\"\" followed by a low, \"\"Heh Heh Heh,\"\" laugh became the character's catch phrase, as did his insult comeback, \"I know you are, but what am I?\" Pee-wee Herman's signature gray glen plaid suit was originally a custom-made suit that Reubens had borrowed from the Groundlings director, Gary Austin; the small red bow tie was given to him by an acquaintance. Pee-wee's later checkered clothing and persona were largely lifted from manic 1950s children's TV host Pinky Lee. Also incorporated into the look were short black hair, pale skin with red rouge and red lipstick. The inspiration for the name came from a \"Pee-wee\" brand miniature harmonica and the surname of an energetic boy Reubens knew from his youth. Reubens thought the name Pee-wee Herman was a name that sounded too real to be made up, and like a real name a parent would give a child that they didn't really care about. Sometime in 1979 Reubens debuted his character on the television show \"The Dating Game\", appearing three times. Throughout his film and television programs, Pee-wee Herman's background has remained relatively ambiguous. During interviews, he has been portrayed as though he is a real life stand-up comedian who expanded his career by playing himself in his films and TV series. This is echoed by the fact that a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame was awarded to Pee-wee Herman rather than Paul Reubens.", "Pee-wee Herman Pee-wee Herman is a comic fictional character created and portrayed by American comedian Paul Reubens. He is best known for his two television series and film series during the 1980s. The childlike Pee-wee Herman character developed as a stage act that quickly led to an HBO special in 1981. As the stage performance gained further popularity, Reubens took the character to motion picture with \"Pee-wee's Big Adventure\" in 1985, toning down the adult innuendo for the appeal of children. This paved the way for \"Pee-wee's Playhouse\", an Emmy Award-winning children's series that ran on CBS from 1986 to 1991. Another film, \"Big Top Pee-wee\", was released in 1988, and after a lengthy hiatus, a third film, \"Pee-wee's Big Holiday\", was released by Netflix in 2016. Due to negative media attention following a scandal in 1991, Reubens decided to shelve his alter ego during the 1990s, then gradually resurrected it during the following decade. It was at that time that Reubens addressed plans to write a new Pee-wee film, \". \" In June 2007, Reubens appeared as Pee-wee Herman for the first time since 1992 at Spike TV's Guys' Choice Awards. In the 1970s, Reubens joined the Los Angeles-based improvisational comedy team the Groundlings and remained a member for six years, working with Bob McClurg, John Paragon, Susan Barnes and Phil Hartman. Hartman and Reubens became close friends, often writing and working on material together. Reubens wrote sketches, developed his improvisational skills and, with Hartman, he developed the Pee-wee Herman character. In 1977, The Groundlings staged a performance in which its members created characters one might see in a comedy club.", "The Movie\" by Reubens, and follows Pee-wee and his \"Playhouse\" friends on a road-trip adventure, meaning that they would leave the house for the first time and go out into \"Puppetland\". All of the original characters of the show, live-action and puppets, are included in Reubens' script. The story happens in a fantasy land that would be reminiscent of \"H.R. Pufnstuf\" and \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\". In January 2009, Reubens told Gary Panter that the rejected first script of \"Pee-wee's Big Adventure\" (which they co-wrote) could have a movie deal very soon, and that it would be \"90 minutes of incredible beauty\". In December 2009, while in character, Reubens said this film is \"already done, the script is already fully written; it's ready to shoot. \" Most of the film will take place in Puppetland and claymation might be used. He has said that one of the two films opens in prison. He has also said that using CGI for \"updating\" the puppets' looks could be an option, but it all depended on the budget the films would have. Reubens once mentioned the possibility of doing one of the two as an animated film along the lines of \"The Polar Express\", which uses performance capture technology, incorporating the movements of live actors into animated characters. Reubens approached \"Pee-wee's Big Adventure\" director Tim Burton with one of the scripts and talked to Johnny Depp about the possibility of having him portray Pee-wee, but they both declined. In June 2010, it was announced that Paul Reubens was working with Judd Apatow on a new Pee-wee Herman feature film set up at Universal Studios, with Reubens and Paul Rust set to write the script.", "Reubens once mentioned the possibility of doing one of the two as an animated film along the lines of \"The Polar Express\", which uses performance capture technology, incorporating the movements of live actors into animated characters. Reubens approached \"Pee-wee's Big Adventure\" director Tim Burton with one of the scripts and talked to Johnny Depp about the possibility of having him portray Pee-wee, but they both declined. In June 2010, it was announced that Paul Reubens was working with Judd Apatow on a new Pee-wee Herman feature film set up at Universal Pictures, with Reubens and Paul Rust set to write the script. In an October 2014, interview with \"Rolling Stone\", Reubens gave an update on the status of the film, saying: \"It's been months and months of being right on the verge of being announced \u2026I thought something was going to go public yesterday, actually, and that you\u2019d be the first person I\u2019d be talking about this with. But I\u2019m thinking there will be something made public very soon. It's going to get made shortly after the new year. I wish I could tell you about it right now, because\u2026I mean, it's amazing. It's going to be amazing. It think it first got leaked four years ago or so that the movie was going to be made, and ever since then it's just been stalling and stalling. So I'm really ready for this to happen. But I\u2019m not kidding: It's very imminent.\" In a November 2014, interview with \"The A.V. Club\", Reubens explained why the film took so long to be made, saying: \"I think part of what happened with this project is it got leaked probably a year and a half or two years before we really wanted anyone to know about it.", "ID (public relations) ID is an independently owned and operated public relations firm. ID works with actors, directors, writers, musicians, brands, corporations and production companies. ID was established in 1993 by Kelly Bush and has offices in Los Angeles and New York City. Kelly Bush founded ID in 1993, having only two years of business experience. Her first major client was Patrick Stewart, who is still represented by Bush today. Bush\u2019s longtime clients include Tobey Maguire, Diane Lane, Ben Stiller, Catherine Keener, Alicia Keys and Paul Reubens; she also consults with Warner Bros. Pictures Group as well as Sony Pictures Classics. In 2008, Bush formed VIE Entertainment where she became manager to Paul Reubens and Academy-award nominated actress Ellen Page. A 2011 NY Times profile described the firm as one of \u201ca handful of elite firms that protect and promote the biggest names in show business..\u201d and mentioned clients including Paul Reubens (Pee Wee Herman), Ben Stiller, Tobey Maguire, Amy Adams, Josh Brolin, Natalie Portman, Sean Penn and others. Drake and the company had a high-profile parting in 2014. ID\u2019s divisions include film, brands, talent, digital, and music. Clients for each division include: The King's Speech Twilight Which Way Home Variety Power of Women ELLE women in Hollywood Tiffany & Co. Paul Reubens Ben Stiller Stand Up to Cancer A. R. Rahman Natasha Bedingfield LL Cool J"], "answer": {"text": "finding among over 70,000 items of kitsch memorabilia, two grainy videotapes and dozens of photographs that the city attorney's office characterized as a collection of child pornography.", "answer_start": 265}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_85e592cb971c42ea876a97335c40a726_0_q#1", "question": "Did Paul Reubens admit to the crime charged against him?", "rewrite": "Did Paul Reubens admit to child pornography charged against Reubens ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Similarly, in \"United States v. Vosburgh\", the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 3rd Circuit admitted as evidence forty-six non-pornographic images of prepubescent girls in swimsuits and thirty pictures of Loli-chan, a 13-year old camgirl, finding that the \"probative value of the Loli-chan pictures was not insignificant\" in suggesting that Vosburgh harbored a sexual interest in children, knowingly possessed the child pornography found on his computer, and purposefully accessed a link he thought would lead to child pornography. The court cited a case, \"United States v. Dornhofer\", in which the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit ruled admissible a defendant's notebook containing pictures of nude children, novels dealing with incest, and teen erotica magazines. Paul Reubens, the actor best known for playing Pee-wee Herman, acknowledged possessing a massive collection of \"vintage erotica\" such as \"a young man with his hand on his thigh\". His lawyer cited as another piece from the collection, \"a black-and-white tintype from 1901 with a young man of indeterminate, 17- to 19-year-old age, laying on the beach after having gone skinny-dipping\" and claimed this collection was erotica to which the state's child pornography law did not apply. Reubens ultimately pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor obscenity charge. In July 2001, Wired News published a story about child modeling web sites that described \"Lil' Amber\", which was a website operated by the web hosting company Webe Web Corporation located in Florida. Webe Web was, at the time, the oldest child modeling site service on the Internet.", "In November 2002, while filming David LaChapelle's video for Elton John's \"This Train Don't Stop There Anymore\", Reubens learned that police were at his home with a search warrant, acting on a tip from a witness in the pornography case against actor Jeffrey Jones, finding among over 70,000 items of kitsch memorabilia, two grainy videotapes and dozens of photographs that the city attorney's office characterized as a collection of child pornography. Kelly Bush, Reubens' personal representative at the time, said the description of the items was inaccurate and claimed the objects were \"Rob Lowe's sex videotape, and a few 30- to 100-year-old kitsch collectible images.\" Reubens turned himself in to the Hollywood division of the LAPD and was charged with possession of obscene material improperly depicting a child under the age of 18 in sexual conduct. The district attorney looked at Reubens' collection and computer and found no grounds for bringing any felony charges against him, while the city attorney, Rocky Delgadillo brought misdemeanor charges against Reubens on the last day allowed by the statute. Reubens was represented by Hollywood criminal defense lawyer Blair Berk. In December he pleaded not guilty through Berk, who also complained that the city attorney failed to turn over evidence to the defense, which City Attorney Richard Katz countered that prosecutors were not required to do until after arraignment, after which they did; neither side disclosed the contents. In March 2004, child pornography charges were dropped in exchange for Reubens' guilty plea to a lesser charge. For the next three years, he was required to register his address with the sheriff's office and he could not be in the company of minors without the permission of a parent or legal guardian.", "The Movie\" by Reubens, and follows Pee-wee and his \"Playhouse\" friends on a road-trip adventure, meaning that they would leave the house for the first time and go out into \"Puppetland\". All of the original characters of the show, live-action and puppets, are included in Reubens' script. The story happens in a fantasy land that would be reminiscent of \"H.R. Pufnstuf\" and \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\". In January 2009, Reubens told Gary Panter that the rejected first script of \"Pee-wee's Big Adventure\" (which they co-wrote) could have a movie deal very soon, and that it would be \"90 minutes of incredible beauty\". In December 2009, while in character, Reubens said this film is \"already done, the script is already fully written; it's ready to shoot. \" Most of the film will take place in Puppetland and claymation might be used. He has said that one of the two films opens in prison. He has also said that using CGI for \"updating\" the puppets' looks could be an option, but it all depended on the budget the films would have. Reubens once mentioned the possibility of doing one of the two as an animated film along the lines of \"The Polar Express\", which uses performance capture technology, incorporating the movements of live actors into animated characters. Reubens approached \"Pee-wee's Big Adventure\" director Tim Burton with one of the scripts and talked to Johnny Depp about the possibility of having him portray Pee-wee, but they both declined. In June 2010, it was announced that Paul Reubens was working with Judd Apatow on a new Pee-wee Herman feature film set up at Universal Studios, with Reubens and Paul Rust set to write the script.", "Pee-wee Herman Pee-wee Herman is a comic fictional character created and portrayed by American comedian Paul Reubens. He is best known for his two television series and film series during the 1980s. The childlike Pee-wee Herman character developed as a stage act that quickly led to an HBO special in 1981. As the stage performance gained further popularity, Reubens took the character to motion picture with \"Pee-wee's Big Adventure\" in 1985, toning down the adult innuendo for the appeal of children. This paved the way for \"Pee-wee's Playhouse\", an Emmy Award-winning children's series that ran on CBS from 1986 to 1991. Another film, \"Big Top Pee-wee\", was released in 1988, and after a lengthy hiatus, a third film, \"Pee-wee's Big Holiday\", was released by Netflix in 2016. Due to negative media attention following a scandal in 1991, Reubens decided to shelve his alter ego during the 1990s, then gradually resurrected it during the following decade. It was at that time that Reubens addressed plans to write a new Pee-wee film, \". \" In June 2007, Reubens appeared as Pee-wee Herman for the first time since 1992 at Spike TV's Guys' Choice Awards. In the 1970s, Reubens joined the Los Angeles-based improvisational comedy team the Groundlings and remained a member for six years, working with Bob McClurg, John Paragon, Susan Barnes and Phil Hartman. Hartman and Reubens became close friends, often writing and working on material together. Reubens wrote sketches, developed his improvisational skills and, with Hartman, he developed the Pee-wee Herman character. In 1977, The Groundlings staged a performance in which its members created characters one might see in a comedy club.", "ID (public relations) ID is an independently owned and operated public relations firm. ID works with actors, directors, writers, musicians, brands, corporations and production companies. ID was established in 1993 by Kelly Bush and has offices in Los Angeles and New York City. Kelly Bush founded ID in 1993, having only two years of business experience. Her first major client was Patrick Stewart, who is still represented by Bush today. Bush\u2019s longtime clients include Tobey Maguire, Diane Lane, Ben Stiller, Catherine Keener, Alicia Keys and Paul Reubens; she also consults with Warner Bros. Pictures Group as well as Sony Pictures Classics. In 2008, Bush formed VIE Entertainment where she became manager to Paul Reubens and Academy-award nominated actress Ellen Page. A 2011 NY Times profile described the firm as one of \u201ca handful of elite firms that protect and promote the biggest names in show business..\u201d and mentioned clients including Paul Reubens (Pee Wee Herman), Ben Stiller, Tobey Maguire, Amy Adams, Josh Brolin, Natalie Portman, Sean Penn and others. Drake and the company had a high-profile parting in 2014. ID\u2019s divisions include film, brands, talent, digital, and music. Clients for each division include: The King's Speech Twilight Which Way Home Variety Power of Women ELLE women in Hollywood Tiffany & Co. Paul Reubens Ben Stiller Stand Up to Cancer A. R. Rahman Natasha Bedingfield LL Cool J"], "answer": {"text": "possession of obscene material improperly depicting a child under the age of 18 in sexual conduct.", "answer_start": 758}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the pornography incident happen with Paul Reubens?", "answer": {"text": "finding among over 70,000 items of kitsch memorabilia, two grainy videotapes and dozens of photographs that the city attorney's office characterized as a collection of child pornography.", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_85e592cb971c42ea876a97335c40a726_0_q#2", "question": "When in 2002 did this happen?", "rewrite": "When in 2002 did possession of obscene material improperly depicting a child under the age of 18 in sexual conduct happen?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Emilio Kosterlitzky Emilio Kosterlitzky (1853\u20131928) was a Russian-born polyglot linguist and soldier of fortune who eventually became a spy for the United States. He also oversaw the deportation of Yaqui under the Porfiriato, an event that lead to the deaths of over 20,000 Yaquis (over 2/3s of their population.) Emil Kosterlitzky was born on November 16, 1853 in Moscow, to a German mother and Russian Cossack father. He was noted for his language ability; he spoke English, French, Spanish, German, Russian, Italian, Polish, Danish and Swedish. In his teens, Emil joined the Russian Navy as a midshipman. By 1871, at the age of 18, he deserted his ship in Venezuela. Kosterlitzky then traveled to the Mexican state of Sonora, where he changed his name to \"Emilio\" and joined the Mexican Army. During the 1880s he fought in the Mexican Apache Wars. He also assisted American troops pursuing Apaches across the border under the 1882 United States\u2013Mexico reciprocal border crossing treaty. Kosterlitzky became known to the American troops, who called him the \"\"Mexican Cossack\"\". In 1885, Kosterlitzky was appointed commander of the \"Gendarmer\u00eda Fiscal\", the customs guard for the Mexican government, by President Porfirio D\u00edaz. In 1913, Kosterlitzky was captured in Nogales, Sonora, by revolutionaries during the Mexican Revolution. He was jailed until 1914, when he, his wife, Francesca, and two daughters moved to Los Angeles, California, in the United States, where he became a translator for the U.S. Postal Service. During World War I, he pretended to be a German physician.", "As a general rule, the law in many countries often intervenes in sexual activity involving young or adolescent children below the legal age of consent, non-consensual deliberate displays or illicit watching of sexual activity, sex with close relatives (incest), harm to animals, acts involving the deceased (necrophilia), and also when there is harassment, nuisance, fear, injury, or assault of a sexual nature, or serious risk of abuse of certain professional relationships. Separately, the law usually regulates or controls the censorship of pornographic or obscene material as well. A rape charge can only be issued when a person(s) of any age does not provide consent for sexual activity. The activities listed below carry a condition of illegality in some jurisdictions if acted upon, though they may be legally role-played between consenting partners of legal age: A variety of laws aim to protect children by making various acts with children a sex crime. For example, the \"corruption of minors\" by introducing material or behaviors that are intended to groom a minor for future sexual conduct. The materials or behavior can involve sexual content but does not necessarily have to. Depending on the jurisdiction, this conduct can be charged as a felony or a misdemeanor. Sometimes these laws overlap with age of consent laws, laws preventing the exposure of children to pornography, laws making it a crime for a child to be involved in (or exposed to) certain sexual behaviors, and the production and ownership of child pornography (sometimes including simulated images). In some countries such as the UK, the age for child pornography is higher than the age of consent, hence child pornography laws also cover images involving consenting adults. Sadomasochistic conduct among adults can fall into a legal grey area. Some jurisdictions criminalize some or all sadomasochistic acts, regardless of legal consent and impose liability for any injuries caused. \"", "In November 2002, while filming David LaChapelle's video for Elton John's \"This Train Don't Stop There Anymore\", Reubens learned that police were at his home with a search warrant, acting on a tip from a witness in the pornography case against actor Jeffrey Jones, finding among over 70,000 items of kitsch memorabilia, two grainy videotapes and dozens of photographs that the city attorney's office characterized as a collection of child pornography. Kelly Bush, Reubens' personal representative at the time, said the description of the items was inaccurate and claimed the objects were \"Rob Lowe's sex videotape, and a few 30- to 100-year-old kitsch collectible images.\" Reubens turned himself in to the Hollywood division of the LAPD and was charged with possession of obscene material improperly depicting a child under the age of 18 in sexual conduct. The district attorney looked at Reubens' collection and computer and found no grounds for bringing any felony charges against him, while the city attorney, Rocky Delgadillo brought misdemeanor charges against Reubens on the last day allowed by the statute. Reubens was represented by Hollywood criminal defense lawyer Blair Berk. In December he pleaded not guilty through Berk, who also complained that the city attorney failed to turn over evidence to the defense, which City Attorney Richard Katz countered that prosecutors were not required to do until after arraignment, after which they did; neither side disclosed the contents. In March 2004, child pornography charges were dropped in exchange for Reubens' guilty plea to a lesser charge. For the next three years, he was required to register his address with the sheriff's office and he could not be in the company of minors without the permission of a parent or legal guardian.", "The age of consent in Michigan is 16 and there is no close-in-age exception, unless one is an authority figure in which case the age of consent is 18. 750.520d Criminal sexual conduct in the third degree; felony. Sec. 520d. (1) A person is guilty of criminal sexual conduct in the third degree if the person engages in sexual penetration with another person and if any of the following circumstances exist: (a) That other person is at least 13 years of age and under 16 years of age ... In March 2012 the Michigan Senate passed a bill which was to prohibit sexual relations between students of any age and teachers. It passed 36-2. The age of consent in Minnesota is 16. If the actor is in a position of authority, the age of consent is 18. Children under age 13 are considered incapable of consent (but it is a lesser offense if the older party is less than 36 months older). If the younger party is 13, 14 or 15, the other person must be no more than 24 months older for acts of penetration, and 48 months older for sexual activity not amounting to penetration. The specifics of these laws are covered under Sections 609.34x of the Minnesota Criminal Code. Specifically sections 609.341 Definitions, 609.342 Criminal Sexual Conduct in the First Degree, 609.343 Criminal Sexual Conduct in the Second Degree, 609.344 Criminal Sexual Conduct in the Third Degree, 609.345 Criminal Sexual Conduct in the Fourth Degree, and 609.3451 Criminal Sexual Conduct in the Fifth Degree. The age of consent in Mississippi is 16. \"\u00a7 97-3-65. Statutory rape; enhanced penalty for forcible sexual intercourse or statutory rape by administering certain substances\". (1)The crime of statutory rape is committed when: (a) Any person seventeen", "This would inevitably decrease the number of books being sold, and thus a limitation of public access would be imposed by States on books that were not obscene as well as obscene material. The court also was of the opinion that the ordinance contained no acknowledgement of the scienter, which was necessary for one to be criminally liable for possessing obscene material. The court\u2019s decision concluded that constitutional barriers may exist to restrict a State\u2019s power to prevent distribution of obscene materials. Further, the court found that the higher difficulty of restricting distribution of obscene material (because the bookseller is not criminally liable) was not reason enough to require a different decision. It closed saying that it was of great importance to protect freedom of speech and press from State interference, and the ordinance in question was exactly that, and thus it was deemed unconstitutional. The Court made it clear that the issue of obscenity did not factor into its decision. What mattered was that the ordinance made booksellers criminally liable for the mere possession of obscene books in their stores, without having proof that the bookseller had knowledge of the contents. This was found to be in violation of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. It also stated that it consented to the fact that having obscene material could be seen as a criminal offense, but not without proof of the scienter. What constitutes proof of the scienter was something that troubled the court, but it was established that it would be a topic for another time. In \"Near v. Minnesota\", a similar 1931 case, Chief Justice Charles E. Hughes concluded that the first amendment alone did not fully protect a citizen\u2019s right to freedom of expression from invasion by state action, and that these liberties were protected by the Due process clause in the Fourteenth Amendment. This became the opinion of the court in subsequent cases involving freedom of expression. \""], "answer": {"text": "November", "answer_start": 3}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the pornography incident happen with Paul Reubens?", "answer": {"text": "finding among over 70,000 items of kitsch memorabilia, two grainy videotapes and dozens of photographs that the city attorney's office characterized as a collection of child pornography.", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Paul Reubens admit to the crime charged against him?", "answer": {"text": "possession of obscene material improperly depicting a child under the age of 18 in sexual conduct.", "answer_start": 758, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_85e592cb971c42ea876a97335c40a726_0_q#3", "question": "Did the pornography case go to trial?", "rewrite": "Did the pornography case go to trial?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Section 163.1 of the Code defines child pornography to include \"a visual representation, whether or not it was made by electronic or mechanical means\", that \"shows a person who is or is depicted as being under the age of eighteen years and is engaged in or is depicted as engaged in explicit sexual activity\", or \"the dominant characteristic of which is the depiction, for a sexual purpose, of a sexual organ or the anal region of a person under the age of eighteen years.\" The current minimum penalty for possession of, or \"accessing,\" child pornography is six months of imprisonment. One early application of this law was the Eli Langer case. In 1993, this Toronto artist had an exhibition at the Mercer Gallery. His drawings included images of children in sexual positions. Police raided the gallery and confiscated the works. Langer was eventually acquitted after a trial because his work was considered artistic enough to be justified as protected speech. The whole law against simple possession of child pornography was declared void for two years in British Columbia following a 1998 ruling (\"R v Sharpe\") by the Supreme Court of British Columbia but this decision was subsequently overturned by the Canadian Supreme Court. Moreover, the definitive 2001 Supreme Court ruling on the case interprets the child pornography statute to include purely fictional material even when no real children were involved in its production. Chief Justice Beverley McLachlin wrote, The court also carved out some exemptions to the law. In October 2005, Canadian police arrested a 26-year-old Edmonton, Alberta man named Gordon Chin for importing Japanese manga depicting explicit hentai of child pornography. Chin's attorney claimed Chin did not know it was illegal, and that he was naive. Chin was sentenced by the judge to an eighteen-month conditional sentence, during which he was barred from using the Internet. This is the first known manga-related child pornography case in Canada.", "The firm would file copyright infringement lawsuits in federal court, in which it requested \"up front\" early discovery via \"over-broad\" subpoenas against the respective Internet service providers (ISPs), upon sometimes-deceptive grounds and at times with falsified signatures on key documents These discoveries were used to obtain names and addresses of hundreds or even thousands of subscribers said to be infringers or \"co-conspirators\" in some cases. The subscribers concerned\u2014who might have had no responsibility for any alleged download due to Prenda's lack of care over innocent targets\u2014were then written to, and accused of copyright infringement or computer misuse, and threatened with over $150,000 in statutory penalties or told of the possibility of higher damages if the matter was decided in court, and that refusal to pay would cause the recipient's name, together with the names of alleged pornographic videos, to be entered on public court documents, publicly exposing the subscribers' supposed pornographic interest and trial for alleged downloading. That is, the recipient would be stigmatized and identified to the public (e.g., to friends, employers, spouse, children, coworkers, etc.) as someone who had illegally downloaded specific pornography titles on the internet, and been sued in court for doing so. At times, what were sometimes seen as veiled threats were also made, that household members, neighbors, and visitors to the household would be formally asked if they had been responsible for the download of the pornographic material on the defendant's network, as part of their investigation, if they continued not to pay. The letters then offered to make the case go away \"silently\" for a fee\u2014$4,000 was the price of silence offered to some.", "Ohio State Route 643 State Route 643 (SR 643, OH 643) is a two-lane north\u2013south state highway in the central portion of Ohio, a U.S. state. The highway's southern terminus is at a T-intersection with State Route 83 north of Coshocton. Its northern terminus is at a T-intersection with the concurrency of State Route 93 north of Baltic. A section of the route is part of a scenic byway. The route was commissioned in the late 1930s. The northern terminus was relocated to a temporary end with Temporary SR 557, in late 1940's. The highway was paved during the 1950s and 1960s. In the late 1960s the highway's northern terminus was moved to its current location. SR 643 begins at a T-intersection with SR 83 in rural Coshocton County. The highway heads northwest, before turning northeast. The road passes through farmland, with some woodlands and houses. The route enters New Bedford and has an intersection with SR 651. The highway leaves New Bedford and continues towards the northwest, before turning easterly. The road makes a sharp curve towards the north. After turning due north, the route has a T-intersection with SR 557. SR 557 heads west and SR 643 heads east from the T-intersection. SR 643 heads east-northeast, before its northern terminus at a T-intersection with SR 93. The highway between SR 651 and SR 557 is inclusive in the Amish Country Byway, an officially designated National Scenic Byway. The route is not included in the National Highway System. SR 557 has its lowest traffic counts; within the 2011 ODOT survey, the road is listed with an average annual daily traffic (AADT) of 830 vehicles on a section of highway between SR 651 and Holmes County line.", "In November 2002, while filming David LaChapelle's video for Elton John's \"This Train Don't Stop There Anymore\", Reubens learned that police were at his home with a search warrant, acting on a tip from a witness in the pornography case against actor Jeffrey Jones, finding among over 70,000 items of kitsch memorabilia, two grainy videotapes and dozens of photographs that the city attorney's office characterized as a collection of child pornography. Kelly Bush, Reubens' personal representative at the time, said the description of the items was inaccurate and claimed the objects were \"Rob Lowe's sex videotape, and a few 30- to 100-year-old kitsch collectible images.\" Reubens turned himself in to the Hollywood division of the LAPD and was charged with possession of obscene material improperly depicting a child under the age of 18 in sexual conduct. The district attorney looked at Reubens' collection and computer and found no grounds for bringing any felony charges against him, while the city attorney, Rocky Delgadillo brought misdemeanor charges against Reubens on the last day allowed by the statute. Reubens was represented by Hollywood criminal defense lawyer Blair Berk. In December he pleaded not guilty through Berk, who also complained that the city attorney failed to turn over evidence to the defense, which City Attorney Richard Katz countered that prosecutors were not required to do until after arraignment, after which they did; neither side disclosed the contents. In March 2004, child pornography charges were dropped in exchange for Reubens' guilty plea to a lesser charge. For the next three years, he was required to register his address with the sheriff's office and he could not be in the company of minors without the permission of a parent or legal guardian.", "Relationship between child pornography and child sexual abuse A range of research has been conducted examining the link between viewing child pornography and perpetration of child sexual abuse, and much disagreement persists regarding whether a causal connection has been established. Perspectives fall into one of three positions: One perspective is that exposure to child pornography promotes criminal sexual intent that otherwise would not exist. The promotion may take place via material that legitimizes sexual interest in minors. Anonymity (or belief that anonymity exists) may further loosen the internal restraints, facilitated by still or moving images, which makes actual criminal sexual behavior with children more probable if the person was already sexually motivated toward children, or, by creating new sexual interests in children. A review article states that these are plausible hypotheses, but that there is a lack of clarity as to the general applicability of these mechanisms. The authors also note that, \"among some groups of predisposed individuals, easy access to a wide variety of engrossing and high-quality child pornography could serve as a substitute for involvement with actual victims\". According to the National District Attorneys Association of America, \"In light of the documented link between individuals who view child pornography and individuals who actually molest children, each child pornography case should be viewed as a red flag to the possibility of actual child molestation.\" John Carr, founding member of the United Kingdom Home Secretary\u2019s Internet Task Force on Child Protection, in a report published by the NCH stated, \"Many pedophiles acknowledge that exposure to child abuse images fuels their sexual fantasies and plays an important part in leading them to commit hands-on sexual offenses against children.\" A 1987 report by the U.S.A. National Institute of Justice described \"a disturbing correlation\" between traders of child pornography and acts of child molestation."], "answer": {"text": "The district attorney looked at Reubens' collection and computer and found no grounds for bringing any felony charges against him, while the city attorney, Rocky Delgadillo brought misdemeanor charges", "answer_start": 857}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the pornography incident happen with Paul Reubens?", "answer": {"text": "finding among over 70,000 items of kitsch memorabilia, two grainy videotapes and dozens of photographs that the city attorney's office characterized as a collection of child pornography.", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Paul Reubens admit to the crime charged against him?", "answer": {"text": "possession of obscene material improperly depicting a child under the age of 18 in sexual conduct.", "answer_start": 758, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When in 2002 did this happen?", "answer": {"text": "November", "answer_start": 3, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_85e592cb971c42ea876a97335c40a726_0_q#4", "question": "How did Paul Reubens plead to the charges?", "rewrite": "How did Paul Reubens plead to the charges?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Reubens once mentioned the possibility of doing one of the two as an animated film along the lines of \"The Polar Express\", which uses performance capture technology, incorporating the movements of live actors into animated characters. Reubens approached \"Pee-wee's Big Adventure\" director Tim Burton with one of the scripts and talked to Johnny Depp about the possibility of having him portray Pee-wee, but they both declined. In June 2010, it was announced that Paul Reubens was working with Judd Apatow on a new Pee-wee Herman feature film set up at Universal Pictures, with Reubens and Paul Rust set to write the script. In an October 2014, interview with \"Rolling Stone\", Reubens gave an update on the status of the film, saying: \"It's been months and months of being right on the verge of being announced \u2026I thought something was going to go public yesterday, actually, and that you\u2019d be the first person I\u2019d be talking about this with. But I\u2019m thinking there will be something made public very soon. It's going to get made shortly after the new year. I wish I could tell you about it right now, because\u2026I mean, it's amazing. It's going to be amazing. It think it first got leaked four years ago or so that the movie was going to be made, and ever since then it's just been stalling and stalling. So I'm really ready for this to happen. But I\u2019m not kidding: It's very imminent.\" In a November 2014, interview with \"The A.V. Club\", Reubens explained why the film took so long to be made, saying: \"I think part of what happened with this project is it got leaked probably a year and a half or two years before we really wanted anyone to know about it.", "The Movie\" by Reubens, and follows Pee-wee and his \"Playhouse\" friends on a road-trip adventure, meaning that they would leave the house for the first time and go out into \"Puppetland\". All of the original characters of the show, live-action and puppets, are included in Reubens' script. The story happens in a fantasy land that would be reminiscent of \"H.R. Pufnstuf\" and \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\". In January 2009, Reubens told Gary Panter that the rejected first script of \"Pee-wee's Big Adventure\" (which they co-wrote) could have a movie deal very soon, and that it would be \"90 minutes of incredible beauty\". In December 2009, while in character, Reubens said this film is \"already done, the script is already fully written; it's ready to shoot. \" Most of the film will take place in Puppetland and claymation might be used. He has said that one of the two films opens in prison. He has also said that using CGI for \"updating\" the puppets' looks could be an option, but it all depended on the budget the films would have. Reubens once mentioned the possibility of doing one of the two as an animated film along the lines of \"The Polar Express\", which uses performance capture technology, incorporating the movements of live actors into animated characters. Reubens approached \"Pee-wee's Big Adventure\" director Tim Burton with one of the scripts and talked to Johnny Depp about the possibility of having him portray Pee-wee, but they both declined. In June 2010, it was announced that Paul Reubens was working with Judd Apatow on a new Pee-wee Herman feature film set up at Universal Studios, with Reubens and Paul Rust set to write the script.", "Reubens decided to play a guy that everyone immediately knew would never make it as a comic, partly because Reubens couldn't remember jokes in real life \u2013 he had trouble remembering punch lines and couldn't properly piece information in sequential order. Pee-wee Herman was born that night, his distinctive guttural, \"\"Ha Ha,\"\" followed by a low, \"\"Heh Heh Heh,\"\" laugh became the character's catch phrase, as did his insult comeback, \"I know you are, but what am I?\" Pee-wee Herman's signature gray glen plaid suit was originally a custom-made suit that Reubens had borrowed from the Groundlings director, Gary Austin; the small red bow tie was given to him by an acquaintance. Pee-wee's later checkered clothing and persona were largely lifted from manic 1950s children's TV host Pinky Lee. Also incorporated into the look were short black hair, pale skin with red rouge and red lipstick. The inspiration for the name came from a \"Pee-wee\" brand miniature harmonica and the surname of an energetic boy Reubens knew from his youth. Reubens thought the name Pee-wee Herman was a name that sounded too real to be made up, and like a real name a parent would give a child that they didn't really care about. Sometime in 1979 Reubens debuted his character on the television show \"The Dating Game\", appearing three times. Throughout his film and television programs, Pee-wee Herman's background has remained relatively ambiguous. During interviews, he has been portrayed as though he is a real life stand-up comedian who expanded his career by playing himself in his films and TV series. This is echoed by the fact that a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame was awarded to Pee-wee Herman rather than Paul Reubens.", "ID (public relations) ID is an independently owned and operated public relations firm. ID works with actors, directors, writers, musicians, brands, corporations and production companies. ID was established in 1993 by Kelly Bush and has offices in Los Angeles and New York City. Kelly Bush founded ID in 1993, having only two years of business experience. Her first major client was Patrick Stewart, who is still represented by Bush today. Bush\u2019s longtime clients include Tobey Maguire, Diane Lane, Ben Stiller, Catherine Keener, Alicia Keys and Paul Reubens; she also consults with Warner Bros. Pictures Group as well as Sony Pictures Classics. In 2008, Bush formed VIE Entertainment where she became manager to Paul Reubens and Academy-award nominated actress Ellen Page. A 2011 NY Times profile described the firm as one of \u201ca handful of elite firms that protect and promote the biggest names in show business..\u201d and mentioned clients including Paul Reubens (Pee Wee Herman), Ben Stiller, Tobey Maguire, Amy Adams, Josh Brolin, Natalie Portman, Sean Penn and others. Drake and the company had a high-profile parting in 2014. ID\u2019s divisions include film, brands, talent, digital, and music. Clients for each division include: The King's Speech Twilight Which Way Home Variety Power of Women ELLE women in Hollywood Tiffany & Co. Paul Reubens Ben Stiller Stand Up to Cancer A. R. Rahman Natasha Bedingfield LL Cool J", "Pee-wee Herman Pee-wee Herman is a comic fictional character created and portrayed by American comedian Paul Reubens. He is best known for his two television series and film series during the 1980s. The childlike Pee-wee Herman character developed as a stage act that quickly led to an HBO special in 1981. As the stage performance gained further popularity, Reubens took the character to motion picture with \"Pee-wee's Big Adventure\" in 1985, toning down the adult innuendo for the appeal of children. This paved the way for \"Pee-wee's Playhouse\", an Emmy Award-winning children's series that ran on CBS from 1986 to 1991. Another film, \"Big Top Pee-wee\", was released in 1988, and after a lengthy hiatus, a third film, \"Pee-wee's Big Holiday\", was released by Netflix in 2016. Due to negative media attention following a scandal in 1991, Reubens decided to shelve his alter ego during the 1990s, then gradually resurrected it during the following decade. It was at that time that Reubens addressed plans to write a new Pee-wee film, \". \" In June 2007, Reubens appeared as Pee-wee Herman for the first time since 1992 at Spike TV's Guys' Choice Awards. In the 1970s, Reubens joined the Los Angeles-based improvisational comedy team the Groundlings and remained a member for six years, working with Bob McClurg, John Paragon, Susan Barnes and Phil Hartman. Hartman and Reubens became close friends, often writing and working on material together. Reubens wrote sketches, developed his improvisational skills and, with Hartman, he developed the Pee-wee Herman character. In 1977, The Groundlings staged a performance in which its members created characters one might see in a comedy club."], "answer": {"text": "In December he pleaded not guilty", "answer_start": 1187}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the pornography incident happen with Paul Reubens?", "answer": {"text": "finding among over 70,000 items of kitsch memorabilia, two grainy videotapes and dozens of photographs that the city attorney's office characterized as a collection of child pornography.", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Paul Reubens admit to the crime charged against him?", "answer": {"text": "possession of obscene material improperly depicting a child under the age of 18 in sexual conduct.", "answer_start": 758, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When in 2002 did this happen?", "answer": {"text": "November", "answer_start": 3, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the pornography case go to trial?", "answer": {"text": "The district attorney looked at Reubens' collection and computer and found no grounds for bringing any felony charges against him, while the city attorney, Rocky Delgadillo brought misdemeanor charges", "answer_start": 857, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_85e592cb971c42ea876a97335c40a726_0_q#5", "question": "Was he ultimately charged for the crime by the judge?", "rewrite": "Was Reubens ultimately charged for child pornography by the judge?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Similarly, in \"United States v. Vosburgh\", the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 3rd Circuit admitted as evidence forty-six non-pornographic images of prepubescent girls in swimsuits and thirty pictures of Loli-chan, a 13-year old camgirl, finding that the \"probative value of the Loli-chan pictures was not insignificant\" in suggesting that Vosburgh harbored a sexual interest in children, knowingly possessed the child pornography found on his computer, and purposefully accessed a link he thought would lead to child pornography. The court cited a case, \"United States v. Dornhofer\", in which the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit ruled admissible a defendant's notebook containing pictures of nude children, novels dealing with incest, and teen erotica magazines. Paul Reubens, the actor best known for playing Pee-wee Herman, acknowledged possessing a massive collection of \"vintage erotica\" such as \"a young man with his hand on his thigh\". His lawyer cited as another piece from the collection, \"a black-and-white tintype from 1901 with a young man of indeterminate, 17- to 19-year-old age, laying on the beach after having gone skinny-dipping\" and claimed this collection was erotica to which the state's child pornography law did not apply. Reubens ultimately pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor obscenity charge. In July 2001, Wired News published a story about child modeling web sites that described \"Lil' Amber\", which was a website operated by the web hosting company Webe Web Corporation located in Florida. Webe Web was, at the time, the oldest child modeling site service on the Internet.", "Child pornography is illegal in South Africa and is punishable by fines and up to 10 years in prison. The law in South Sudan does not prohibit child pornography. All pornography, including child pornography, is illegal in Sudan. Child pornography is illegal in Togo and is punishable by 5 to 10 years in prison. The law in Uganda does not prohibit child pornography. Child pornography is illegal in Zambia with penalties of up to life imprisonment. While it appears the law in Zimbabwe does not specifically prohibit child pornography, a person in possession of child pornography can be charged with public indecency which is punishable by a fine of $600, imprisonment up to 6 months, or both. The law in Argentina does not prohibit the simple possession of child pornography, but child pornography possession with the intent to distribute is punishable by imprisonment ranging from 4 months to 2 years. Any person who produces, finances, offers, trades, publishes, facilitates, disseminates or distributes, by any means, any representation of a person under eighteen 18 years of age in explicit sexual activities or any representation of their genital parts for predominantly sexual purposes, as well the organization of live shows of explicit sexual representations involving such minors is punishable by imprisonment ranging from 6 months to 4 years. On 23 April 2018 was promulgated a modification on the Penal Code, penalizing the possession of child pornography, with prison sentences between three and six years. The law in Belize does not prohibit the simple possession of child pornography. It is unclear if distribution of child pornography is illegal. Production, distribution and possession of child pornography are clearly illegal and widely prosecuted in Brazil in accordance with its Code of Minors. Also possibly illegal would be simple visualization and lack of denunciation, though it is not directly mentioned in the Code of Minors. Level of enforcement has historically varied by courts.", "In November 2002, while filming David LaChapelle's video for Elton John's \"This Train Don't Stop There Anymore\", Reubens learned that police were at his home with a search warrant, acting on a tip from a witness in the pornography case against actor Jeffrey Jones, finding among over 70,000 items of kitsch memorabilia, two grainy videotapes and dozens of photographs that the city attorney's office characterized as a collection of child pornography. Kelly Bush, Reubens' personal representative at the time, said the description of the items was inaccurate and claimed the objects were \"Rob Lowe's sex videotape, and a few 30- to 100-year-old kitsch collectible images.\" Reubens turned himself in to the Hollywood division of the LAPD and was charged with possession of obscene material improperly depicting a child under the age of 18 in sexual conduct. The district attorney looked at Reubens' collection and computer and found no grounds for bringing any felony charges against him, while the city attorney, Rocky Delgadillo brought misdemeanor charges against Reubens on the last day allowed by the statute. Reubens was represented by Hollywood criminal defense lawyer Blair Berk. In December he pleaded not guilty through Berk, who also complained that the city attorney failed to turn over evidence to the defense, which City Attorney Richard Katz countered that prosecutors were not required to do until after arraignment, after which they did; neither side disclosed the contents. In March 2004, child pornography charges were dropped in exchange for Reubens' guilty plea to a lesser charge. For the next three years, he was required to register his address with the sheriff's office and he could not be in the company of minors without the permission of a parent or legal guardian.", "It is not known if possession of child pornography is illegal. Possession and production of child pornography is illegal in Comoros. Child pornography in the Republic of the Congo is punishable by up to 1 year in prison and a fine of up to 500,000 CFA. The law in the Central African Republic does not prohibit child pornography. Using children for pornographic films, pictures, or events is illegal in Ivory Coast and is punishable by between 1 month and 2 years of imprisonment and a fine of FCFA 30,000 to 300,000. Under laws prohibiting attacks on \"good morals\", the sale, production, and distribution of all pornography, including child pornography, is illegal in Djibouti and punishable by 1 year in prison and a fine of up to DJF 200,000. The law in Equatorial Guinea does not prohibit child pornography. Child pornography is illegal in Eritrea. The possession of all pornography, including child pornography, is illegal in Gabon and punishable by imprisonment from 6 months to one year and/or fines up to 222,000 CFA francs. Child pornography is illegal in the Gambia and punishable by up to 5 years in prison. While the law in Ghana does not specifically prohibit child pornography, it can be prosecuted as an \"offense against public morals\" which is punishable by a maximum of 3 years in prison and/or a fine ranging from 120 to 600 cedis. Child pornography in Guinea is illegal. The law in Guinea-Bissau does not prohibit child pornography. Child pornography is illegal in Lesotho and is punishable by imprisonment of up to 2 years and 6 months and/or a fine up to 30,000 maloti. In child pornography production cases where a child is trafficked, the offender faces up to life imprisonment and a fine of 2 million maloti. Child pornography is illegal in Liberia and is punishable by up to 5 years' imprisonment.", "The government in Madagascar in 2007 adopted a law modifying the criminal code to define child pornography, making it illegal. As of 2012, the laws have been used in court on several occasions but has not resulted in a conviction. Officials said the laws were often not uniformly interpreted or applied. Child pornography is considered a form of indecent assault under the criminal code in Mali and is punishable by 5 to 20 years in prison. Possession of child pornography is illegal in Mauritania with penalties of 2 months to 1 year in prison and a 160,000 to 300,000 ouguiya fine. Child pornography is illegal in Mauritius. Child pornography is illegal in Mozambique but appears to be rarely prosecuted. In 2011, there were no reports of prosecutions for child pornography. Production and possession of child pornography is illegal in Namibia. Child pornography is illegal in Niger and punishable by 3 to 5 years in prison. The Child Rights Act makes child pornography illegal in Nigeria, but not all states have implemented it. Child pornography is illegal in Rwanda and punishable by 5 to 10 years in prison and a fine of 200,000 to 500,000 Rwandan francs. The law in S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe does not prohibit child pornography. All pornography, including child pornography, is illegal in Senegal. While the Ministry of Social Welfare, Gender, and Children's Issues has indicated child pornography cases are covered under the Child Rights Act of 2007, which prohibits \"cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment\" of children, the law in Sierra Leone does not prohibit child pornography. As of 2012, there is no record of anyone ever having been charged or convicted of child pornography. Article 29 of Somalia's national constitution defines a child as any individual under the age of 18, and stipulates that \"every child has the right to be protected from mistreatment, neglect, abuse, or degradation\"."], "answer": {"text": "child pornography charges were dropped in exchange for Reubens' guilty plea to a lesser charge.", "answer_start": 1506}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the pornography incident happen with Paul Reubens?", "answer": {"text": "finding among over 70,000 items of kitsch memorabilia, two grainy videotapes and dozens of photographs that the city attorney's office characterized as a collection of child pornography.", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Paul Reubens admit to the crime charged against him?", "answer": {"text": "possession of obscene material improperly depicting a child under the age of 18 in sexual conduct.", "answer_start": 758, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When in 2002 did this happen?", "answer": {"text": "November", "answer_start": 3, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the pornography case go to trial?", "answer": {"text": "The district attorney looked at Reubens' collection and computer and found no grounds for bringing any felony charges against him, while the city attorney, Rocky Delgadillo brought misdemeanor charges", "answer_start": 857, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Paul Reubens plead to the charges?", "answer": {"text": "In December he pleaded not guilty", "answer_start": 1187, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_85e592cb971c42ea876a97335c40a726_0_q#6", "question": "What happened as a result of him pleading to a lesser charge?", "rewrite": "What happened as a result of Reubens pleading to a lesser charge?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In November 2002, while filming David LaChapelle's video for Elton John's \"This Train Don't Stop There Anymore\", Reubens learned that police were at his home with a search warrant, acting on a tip from a witness in the pornography case against actor Jeffrey Jones, finding among over 70,000 items of kitsch memorabilia, two grainy videotapes and dozens of photographs that the city attorney's office characterized as a collection of child pornography. Kelly Bush, Reubens' personal representative at the time, said the description of the items was inaccurate and claimed the objects were \"Rob Lowe's sex videotape, and a few 30- to 100-year-old kitsch collectible images.\" Reubens turned himself in to the Hollywood division of the LAPD and was charged with possession of obscene material improperly depicting a child under the age of 18 in sexual conduct. The district attorney looked at Reubens' collection and computer and found no grounds for bringing any felony charges against him, while the city attorney, Rocky Delgadillo brought misdemeanor charges against Reubens on the last day allowed by the statute. Reubens was represented by Hollywood criminal defense lawyer Blair Berk. In December he pleaded not guilty through Berk, who also complained that the city attorney failed to turn over evidence to the defense, which City Attorney Richard Katz countered that prosecutors were not required to do until after arraignment, after which they did; neither side disclosed the contents. In March 2004, child pornography charges were dropped in exchange for Reubens' guilty plea to a lesser charge. For the next three years, he was required to register his address with the sheriff's office and he could not be in the company of minors without the permission of a parent or legal guardian.", "Reubens's fans also organized rallies of support after CBS canceled the scheduled reruns, with several dozens of \"Pee-weeites\" picketing in Los Angeles, New York and San Francisco. The general public also appeared to sympathize with Reubens \u2013 the TV newsmagazine \"A Current Affair\" received \"tens of thousands\" of responses to a Pee-wee telephone survey, with callers supporting Reubens with a 9-to-1 majority. He remained in a state of shock for weeks and was haunted by the arrest for several years, refusing to give interviews or appear on talk shows. At the 1991 MTV Video Music Awards Reubens made his first appearance after the arrest. Taking the stage in costume as Pee-wee, he asked the audience, \"Heard any good jokes lately?\" and received a standing ovation. Reubens responded with, \"Ha, that's so funny I forgot to laugh! \" Pee-wee appeared once more in 1992, when he participated in a Grand Ole Opry tribute to Minnie Pearl. Reubens then avoided interviews and according to a 1991 \"Rolling Stone\" article had indeed become weary of the character and wanted to explore new territory. During the filming of \"Mystery Men\", Reubens appeared on \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" in 1999 in one of his first interviews not as Pee-wee. It was also on that interview that Reubens first announced plans to start writing a new Pee-wee movie. In a 2004 interview with \"Entertainment Weekly\", Reubens also mentioned his hope that Hollywood has not seen the last of Pee-wee. Reubens later stated a strong possibility of a \"Pee-wee's Playhouse\" movie on an NPR interview with Terry Gross on December 27, 2004. A third Pee-wee movie was also suggested.", "In the 1970s, Reubens performed at local comedy clubs and made four guest appearances on The Gong Show as part of a boy-girl act he had developed with Charlotte McGinnis, called The Hilarious Betty and Eddie. He soon joined the Los Angeles-based improvisational comedy team The Groundlings and remained a member for six years, working with Bob McClurg, John Paragon, Susan Barnes, and Phil Hartman. Hartman and Reubens became friends, often writing and working on material together. In 1980, he had a small part as a waiter in The Blues Brothers. Reubens auditioned for Saturday Night Live for the 1980-1981 season, but Gilbert Gottfried, who was a close friend of the show's producer and had the same acting style as Reubens, got the place (ironically, Gottfried would later get in trouble for joking about Reubens' indecent exposure arrest as an award presenter at the Emmys). Reubens was so angry and bitter that he decided he would borrow money and start his own show in Los Angeles using the character he had been developing during the last few years, \"Pee-wee Herman\". With the help of other Groundlings like John Paragon, Phil Hartman and Lynne Marie Stewart, Pee-wee acquired a small group of followers and Reubens took his show to The Roxy Theatre where \"The Pee-wee Herman Show\" ran for five sellout months, doing midnight shows for adults and weekly matinees for children, moving into the mainstream when HBO aired The Pee-wee Herman Show in 1981 as part of their series On Location. Reubens also appeared as Pee-wee in the 1980 film Cheech & Chong's Next Movie. Although it was Reubens in the role of Pee-Wee, the end credits of the movie billed him as Hamburger Dude.", "Reubens auditioned for Saturday Night Live for the 1980-1981 season, but Gilbert Gottfried, who was a close friend of the show's producer and had the same acting style as Reubens, got the place (ironically, Gottfried would later get in trouble for joking about Reubens' indecent exposure arrest as an award presenter at the Emmys). Reubens was so angry and bitter that he decided he would borrow money and start his own show in Los Angeles using the character he had been developing during the last few years, \"Pee-wee Herman\". With the help of other Groundlings like John Paragon, Phil Hartman and Lynne Marie Stewart, Pee-wee acquired a small group of followers and Reubens took his show to The Roxy Theatre where \"The Pee-wee Herman Show\" ran for five sellout months, doing midnight shows for adults and weekly matinees for children, moving into the mainstream when HBO aired The Pee-wee Herman Show in 1981 as part of their series On Location. Reubens also appeared as Pee-wee in the 1980 film Cheech & Chong's Next Movie. Although it was Reubens in the role of Pee-Wee, the end credits of the movie billed him as Hamburger Dude. Reubens' act had mainly positive reactions and quickly acquired a group of fans, despite being described as \"bizarre\", and Reubens being described as \"the weirdest comedian around\". Pee-wee was both \"corny\" and \"hip\", \"retrograde\" and \"avant-garde\". When Pee-wee's fame started growing, Reubens started to move away from the spotlight, keeping his name under wraps and making all his public appearance and interviews in character while billing Pee-wee as playing himself; Reubens was trying to \"get the public to think that that was a real person\".", "(Said visit on the night of the incident also resulted in three other men being arrested on similar charges). Reubens' infamous mug shot, which did not depict the clean-cut look Reubens had shown for the last decade, shocked the public, and many thought that the show had been canceled due to the arrest. In reality, the show had been cancelled in 1990 due to a combination of multiple complaints of overworked crew members and a feeling that the Pee-Wee character had run its course, which ultimately resulted in Reubens deciding against a sixth season. However, due to its widespread popularity, CBS elected to rerun \"Playhouse\" in syndication. The arrest was widely covered, and both the character Pee-wee and Reubens became the subject of ridicule. CBS stopped airing \"Playhouse\" and Disney-MGM Studios suspended from its studio tour a video that showed Pee-wee explaining how voice-over tracks were made and Toys-R-Us removed Pee-wee toys from its stores. However, Disney's \"Star Tours\", which featured voicework from Reubens, remained unaltered. Despite the negative publicity, many artists who knew Reubens, such as Cyndi Lauper, Annette Funicello, Zsa Zsa Gabor and Valeria Golino, spoke out in his support. Bill Cosby defended Reubens, saying \"Whatever (Reubens has) done, this is being blown all out of proportion\". Other people who knew Reubens, such as \"Playhouse\"'s production designer Gary Panter, S. Epatha Merkerson and \"Big Top Pee-wee\" director Randal Kleiser, also spoke out against the way Reubens was being treated by the media."], "answer": {"text": "he was required to register his address with the sheriff's office and he could not be in the company of minors without the permission of a parent or legal guardian.", "answer_start": 1628}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the pornography incident happen with Paul Reubens?", "answer": {"text": "finding among over 70,000 items of kitsch memorabilia, two grainy videotapes and dozens of photographs that the city attorney's office characterized as a collection of child pornography.", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Paul Reubens admit to the crime charged against him?", "answer": {"text": "possession of obscene material improperly depicting a child under the age of 18 in sexual conduct.", "answer_start": 758, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When in 2002 did this happen?", "answer": {"text": "November", "answer_start": 3, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the pornography case go to trial?", "answer": {"text": "The district attorney looked at Reubens' collection and computer and found no grounds for bringing any felony charges against him, while the city attorney, Rocky Delgadillo brought misdemeanor charges", "answer_start": 857, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Paul Reubens plead to the charges?", "answer": {"text": "In December he pleaded not guilty", "answer_start": 1187, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he ultimately charged for the crime by the judge?", "answer": {"text": "child pornography charges were dropped in exchange for Reubens' guilty plea to a lesser charge.", "answer_start": 1506, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_85e592cb971c42ea876a97335c40a726_0_q#7", "question": "Did he think of himself as a pedophile?", "rewrite": "Did Reubens think of himself as a pedophile?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Reubens's fans also organized rallies of support after CBS canceled the scheduled reruns, with several dozens of \"Pee-weeites\" picketing in Los Angeles, New York and San Francisco. The general public also appeared to sympathize with Reubens \u2013 the TV newsmagazine \"A Current Affair\" received \"tens of thousands\" of responses to a Pee-wee telephone survey, with callers supporting Reubens with a 9-to-1 majority. He remained in a state of shock for weeks and was haunted by the arrest for several years, refusing to give interviews or appear on talk shows. At the 1991 MTV Video Music Awards Reubens made his first appearance after the arrest. Taking the stage in costume as Pee-wee, he asked the audience, \"Heard any good jokes lately?\" and received a standing ovation. Reubens responded with, \"Ha, that's so funny I forgot to laugh! \" Pee-wee appeared once more in 1992, when he participated in a Grand Ole Opry tribute to Minnie Pearl. Reubens then avoided interviews and according to a 1991 \"Rolling Stone\" article had indeed become weary of the character and wanted to explore new territory. During the filming of \"Mystery Men\", Reubens appeared on \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" in 1999 in one of his first interviews not as Pee-wee. It was also on that interview that Reubens first announced plans to start writing a new Pee-wee movie. In a 2004 interview with \"Entertainment Weekly\", Reubens also mentioned his hope that Hollywood has not seen the last of Pee-wee. Reubens later stated a strong possibility of a \"Pee-wee's Playhouse\" movie on an NPR interview with Terry Gross on December 27, 2004. A third Pee-wee movie was also suggested.", "(Said visit on the night of the incident also resulted in three other men being arrested on similar charges). Reubens' infamous mug shot, which did not depict the clean-cut look Reubens had shown for the last decade, shocked the public, and many thought that the show had been canceled due to the arrest. In reality, the show had been cancelled in 1990 due to a combination of multiple complaints of overworked crew members and a feeling that the Pee-Wee character had run its course, which ultimately resulted in Reubens deciding against a sixth season. However, due to its widespread popularity, CBS elected to rerun \"Playhouse\" in syndication. The arrest was widely covered, and both the character Pee-wee and Reubens became the subject of ridicule. CBS stopped airing \"Playhouse\" and Disney-MGM Studios suspended from its studio tour a video that showed Pee-wee explaining how voice-over tracks were made and Toys-R-Us removed Pee-wee toys from its stores. However, Disney's \"Star Tours\", which featured voicework from Reubens, remained unaltered. Despite the negative publicity, many artists who knew Reubens, such as Cyndi Lauper, Annette Funicello, Zsa Zsa Gabor and Valeria Golino, spoke out in his support. Bill Cosby defended Reubens, saying \"Whatever (Reubens has) done, this is being blown all out of proportion\". Other people who knew Reubens, such as \"Playhouse\"'s production designer Gary Panter, S. Epatha Merkerson and \"Big Top Pee-wee\" director Randal Kleiser, also spoke out against the way Reubens was being treated by the media.", "He even claims that he has spoken to Depp himself and that the actor asked for time to think about it. During the 2011 Comic-Con in San Diego, Reubens told MTV that he hopes to have Justin Bieber make a cameo appearance toward the end of the movie. He also stated that filming of the movie has not started yet, but hopes to begin filming in the next couple of months. Years before working on his \"Playhouse\" film script, Reubens had written a script for \"the dark Pee-wee film\", but \"not really very dark\", entitled \"The Pee-wee Herman Story\". At a Groundlings reunion in 1999, Reubens even joked about the rating of the movie being \"probably PG-13 or even R\" but in a 2007 MTV interview stated that this isn't actually true. He called it a \"\"Valley of the Dolls \" Pee-wee\" because \"it has things certainly inspired by, if not outright lifted from, that movie\". Reubens described the film's plot to MTV: It was because of the adult situations of this script that Reubens sat down and started writing the \"Playhouse\" movie script. At first, Reubens was going to do the adult Pee-wee movie first, but within a few months, Reubens announced that it was very likely that the \"Playhouse\" movie would be made first. A third idea came about to make a reality-based Pee-wee film like those in the 1980s. In 2010, Reubens announced he is working on making this version with Judd Apatow, who wrote and directed the films \"Knocked Up\" and \"The 40-Year-Old Virgin\". In 2013, Reubens reported that Pee-Wee will soon return with a new film which he plans to start shooting in 2014.", "Reubens' act had mainly positive reactions and quickly acquired a group of fans, despite being described as \"bizarre\", and Reubens being described as \"the weirdest comedian around\". Pee-wee was both \"corny\" and \"hip\", \"retrograde\" and \"avant-garde\". When Pee-wee's fame started growing, Reubens started to move away from the spotlight, keeping his name under wraps and making all his public appearance and interviews in character while billing Pee-wee as playing himself; Reubens was trying to \"get the public to think that that was a real person\". Later on he would even prefer his parents be known only as Honey Herman and Herman Herman. In the early and mid-1980s, Reubens made several guest appearances on Late Night with David Letterman as Pee-wee Herman which gave Pee-wee an even bigger following. During the mid-1980s, Reubens traveled the United States with a whole new The Pee-wee Herman Show, playing notably at the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis, Caroline's in New York City and, in 1984, in front of a full Carnegie Hall. After seeing the success of Pee-wee's Big Adventure, the CBS network approached Reubens with an ill-received cartoon series proposal. In 1986, CBS agreed to sign Reubens to act, produce, and direct his live-action children's program, Pee-wee's Playhouse, with a budget of $325,000 per episode, the same price as a prime-time sitcom, and no creative interference from CBS; although CBS did request a few minor changes throughout the years. After casting actors like Laurence Fishburne and S. Epatha Merkerson, production began in New York City. The opening credits of the show were sung by Cyndi Lauper.", "Reubens auditioned for Saturday Night Live for the 1980-1981 season, but Gilbert Gottfried, who was a close friend of the show's producer and had the same acting style as Reubens, got the place (ironically, Gottfried would later get in trouble for joking about Reubens' indecent exposure arrest as an award presenter at the Emmys). Reubens was so angry and bitter that he decided he would borrow money and start his own show in Los Angeles using the character he had been developing during the last few years, \"Pee-wee Herman\". With the help of other Groundlings like John Paragon, Phil Hartman and Lynne Marie Stewart, Pee-wee acquired a small group of followers and Reubens took his show to The Roxy Theatre where \"The Pee-wee Herman Show\" ran for five sellout months, doing midnight shows for adults and weekly matinees for children, moving into the mainstream when HBO aired The Pee-wee Herman Show in 1981 as part of their series On Location. Reubens also appeared as Pee-wee in the 1980 film Cheech & Chong's Next Movie. Although it was Reubens in the role of Pee-Wee, the end credits of the movie billed him as Hamburger Dude. Reubens' act had mainly positive reactions and quickly acquired a group of fans, despite being described as \"bizarre\", and Reubens being described as \"the weirdest comedian around\". Pee-wee was both \"corny\" and \"hip\", \"retrograde\" and \"avant-garde\". When Pee-wee's fame started growing, Reubens started to move away from the spotlight, keeping his name under wraps and making all his public appearance and interviews in character while billing Pee-wee as playing himself; Reubens was trying to \"get the public to think that that was a real person\"."], "answer": {"text": "stated that he was a collector of erotica, including films, muscle magazines and a sizable collection of mostly homosexual vintage erotica,", "answer_start": 14}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the pornography incident happen with Paul Reubens?", "answer": {"text": "finding among over 70,000 items of kitsch memorabilia, two grainy videotapes and dozens of photographs that the city attorney's office characterized as a collection of child pornography.", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Paul Reubens admit to the crime charged against him?", "answer": {"text": "possession of obscene material improperly depicting a child under the age of 18 in sexual conduct.", "answer_start": 758, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When in 2002 did this happen?", "answer": {"text": "November", "answer_start": 3, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the pornography case go to trial?", "answer": {"text": "The district attorney looked at Reubens' collection and computer and found no grounds for bringing any felony charges against him, while the city attorney, Rocky Delgadillo brought misdemeanor charges", "answer_start": 857, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Paul Reubens plead to the charges?", "answer": {"text": "In December he pleaded not guilty", "answer_start": 1187, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he ultimately charged for the crime by the judge?", "answer": {"text": "child pornography charges were dropped in exchange for Reubens' guilty plea to a lesser charge.", "answer_start": 1506, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened as a result of him pleading to a lesser charge?", "answer": {"text": "he was required to register his address with the sheriff's office and he could not be in the company of minors without the permission of a parent or legal guardian.", "answer_start": 1628, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e38d18bd71164013897e7c94546c66c1_1_q#0", "question": "When was the golden age of comic books?", "rewrite": "When was the golden age of comic books?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Superman (Earth-Two) Superman of Earth -Two is an alternate version of the fictional superhero Superman, who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was introduced after DC Comics created Earth-Two, a parallel world that was retroactively established as the home of characters whose adventures had been published in the Golden Age of comic books. This allowed creators to publish Superman comic books taking place in current continuity while being able to disregard Golden Age stories, solving an incongruity, as Superman had been published as a single ongoing incarnation since inception. The character first appeared in \"Justice League of America\" vol. 1 #73 (August 1969). When the Golden Age of Comic Books came to a close in the 1950s, most of DC Comics' superhero comic books ceased publication. At the start of the Silver Age, characters such as the Flash and Green Lantern were revamped for more modern times, ignoring or abandoning established continuity and thus making a clean break between the two eras. It was later established that the Golden Age and Silver Age heroes lived on Earth-Two and Earth-One respectively, these being separate parallel Earths in a single Multiverse. Superman was one of the few exceptions; his stories had been published without interruption since his 1938 debut in \"Action Comics\" #1. This caused a continuity problem, in that Superman was simultaneously a member of the Justice Society of America on Earth-Two and also member of the Justice League of America on Earth-One. It was eventually resolved that there were two Supermen. The Silver Age Superman was Kal-El from Earth-One, and the Golden Age Superman was Kal-L from Earth-Two. Several differences between the two Supermen were established to clarify the distinction.", "List of Golden Age comics publishers List of Golden Age of Comics publishers. The Golden Age of Comic Books was a period in the history of American comic books, generally thought of as lasting from the late 1930s until the late 1940s or early 1950s. During this time, modern comic books were first published and enjoyed a surge of popularity; the archetype of the superhero was created and defined; and many of the most famous superheroes debuted. Comics \"packagers\", often operated by notable artists such as Will Eisner and Jack Binder, also formed during this time, to supply cheaply produced material to the burgeoning comics industry. This list ends in the mid-1950s, when many publishers went out of business due to the scapegoating of comics by psychiatrist Fredric Wertham and Senator Estes Kefauver, and the creation of the self-censoring body the Comics Code Authority in 1954. The debut of the new superhero the Flash in 1956 is generally considered the beginning of the Silver Age of Comic Books. Of the Golden Age American comic book publishers on this list, only ten continued to publish comic books after 1960, and only three of them are still currently in business:", "Grand Comics Database The Grand Comics Database (GCD) is an Internet-based project to build a database of comic book information through user contributions. The GCD project is cataloging information on creator credits, story details, reprints, and other information useful to the comic book reader, comic collector, fan, and scholar. The GCD is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization incorporated in Arkansas. One of the earliest published catalogs of comic books appeared in the 1960s, when Dr. Jerry Bails and Howard Keltner put together some projects to catalog the comic books of the \"Golden Age. \" These efforts were Dr. Bails' \"The Collector's Guide to the First Heroic Age of Comics\", and \"Howard Keltner's Index to Golden Age Comic Books\", and their collaboration on \"The Authoritative Index to DC Comics. \" The next big step in organizing data about comic books was Robert Overstreet's \"Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide\", which is still being published. This guide is sometimes referred to as the first best attempt to list factual information beyond the superhero comics. It was likely the first catalog to get widespread distribution. Today there are several other comic book price guides. In 1978, the GCD's immediate predecessor, APA-I (Amateur Press Alliance for Indexing) was formed by a few fans who were interested in exchanging information on comic books in index form. These people were generally interested in either one of two things \u2014 either following the plot threads and continuity of the stories, or the creator credits. APA -I is also still running, as a paper-based index. The organization publishes a quarterly magazine. APA-I members have gathered editorial records and conducted interviews with comic book professionals, to add to the information that could be gleaned from the books themselves.", "Balloons are usually convex spatial containers of information that are related to a character using a tail element. The tail has an origin, path, tip, and pointed direction. Key tasks in the creation of comic books are writing, drawing, and coloring. There are many technological formulas used to create comic books, including directions, axes, data, and metrics. Following these key formatting procedures is the writing, drawing, and coloring. Comics as a print medium have existed in America since the printing of \"The Adventures of Mr. Obadiah Oldbuck\" in 1842 in hardcover, making it the first known American prototype comic book. Proto-comics periodicals began appearing early in the 20th century, with the first comic standard-sized comic being Funnies on Parade. Funnies on Parades was the first book that established the size, duration, and format of the modern comic book. Following this was, Dell Publishing's 36-page \"Famous Funnies: A Carnival of Comics\" as the first true newstand American comic book; Goulart, for example, calls it \"the cornerstone for one of the most lucrative branches of magazine publishing\". The introduction of Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster's Superman in 1938 turned comic books into a major industry and ushered the Golden Age of Comics. The Golden Age originated the archetype of the superhero. According to historian Michael A. Amundson, appealing comic-book characters helped ease young readers' fear of nuclear war and neutralize anxiety about the questions posed by atomic power. Historians generally divide the timeline of the American comic book into eras. The Golden Age of Comic Books began in the 1930s; which is generally considered the beginning of the comic book that we know today.", "Golden Age of Comic Books The Golden Age of Comic Books describes an era of American comic books from 1938 to 1956. During this time, modern comic books were first published and rapidly increased in popularity. The superhero archetype was created and many well-known characters were introduced, including Superman, Batman, Captain Marvel, Captain America, and Wonder Woman. The first recorded use of the term \"Golden Age\" was by Richard A. Lupoff in an article, \"Re-Birth\", published in issue one of the fanzine \"Comic Art\" in April 1960. An event cited by many as marking the beginning of the Golden Age was the 1938 debut of Superman in \"Action Comics\" #1, published by Detective Comics (predecessor of DC Comics). Superman's popularity helped make comic books a major arm of publishing, which led rival companies to create superheroes of their own to emulate Superman's success. Between 1939 and 1941 Detective Comics and its sister company, All-American Publications, introduced popular superheroes such as Batman and Robin, Wonder Woman, the Flash, Green Lantern, Doctor Fate, the Atom, Hawkman, Green Arrow and Aquaman. Timely Comics, the 1940s predecessor of Marvel Comics, had million-selling titles featuring the Human Torch, the Sub-Mariner, and Captain America. Although DC and Timely characters are well-remembered today, circulation figures suggest that the best-selling superhero title of the era was Fawcett Comics' Captain Marvel with sales of about 1.4 million copies per issue. The comic was published biweekly at one point to capitalize on its popularity. Patriotic heroes donning red, white, and blue were particularly popular during the time of the second World War following The Shield's debut in 1940."], "answer": {"text": "the character's first appearance is usually given as Adventure Comics No. 40 (cover-dated July 1939),", "answer_start": 163}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e38d18bd71164013897e7c94546c66c1_1_q#1", "question": "Where else did he appear?", "rewrite": "Where else did Sandman appear besides Adventure Comics No. 40?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Artist Bert Christman and writer Gardner Fox are generally credited as co-creating the original, Wesley Dodd version of the DC Comics character the Sandman. While the character's first appearance is usually given as Adventure Comics No. 40 (cover-dated July 1939), he also appeared in DC Comics' 1939 New York World's Fair Comics omnibus, which historians believe appeared on newsstands one to two weeks earlier, while also believing the Adventure Comics story was written and drawn first. Each of the two stories' scripts were credited to the pseudonym \"Larry Dean\"; Fox wrote the untitled, 10-page story in New York World's Fair #1, while he simply plotted, and Christman scripted, the untitled, six-page story, generally known as \"The Tarantula Strikes\", in Adventure #40. Creig Flessel, who drew many early Sandman adventures, has sometimes been credited as co-creator on the basis of drawing the Sandman cover of Adventure #40, but no other evidence has surfaced. Following these two first appearances, the feature \"The Sandman\" continued to appear in the omnibus Adventure Comics through No. 102 (Feb-Mar 1946). One of the medium's seminal \"mystery men\", as referred to at the time, the Sandman straddled the pulp magazine detective tradition and the emerging superhero tradition by dint of his dual identity and his fanciful, masked attire and weapon: an exotic \"gas gun\" that could compel villains to tell the truth, as well as put them to sleep. Unlike many superheroes, he frequently found himself the victim of gunshot wounds, both in the Golden Age and in stories in DC's modern-day Vertigo imprint, and he would continue fighting in spite of his injuries.", "Sandy Hawkins Sanderson \"Sandy\" Hawkins, formerly known as Sandy the Golden Boy, Sands, Sand and eventual successor of his mentor Wesley Dodds as Sandman, is a fictional character and a superhero in the DC Comics universe. Created by writer Mort Weisinger and artist Paul Norris, he first appeared in \"Adventure Comics\" #69. After being unutilized for several years, he was reintroduced by writers David S. Goyer and Geoff Johns in the comic \"JSA\" in the late 1990s and with a greatly expanded set of powers and responsibilities. He eventually became a new version of his former mentor, donning the identity and costume of Sandman. The character of \"Sandy the Golden Boy\" was created as a sidekick to the Sandman. Created by Mort Weisinger and Paul Norris, the nephew of The Sandman's girlfriend Dian Belmont, the character debuted as a tights-wearing youth (in the same vein as Robin the Boy Wonder) in \"Adventure Comics\" #69 (Dec 1941). This same issue also showcased a new yellow-and-purple costume for The Sandman. The flourish of mystery-men comic books came to an end in the late 1940s. About ten years later DC Comics reintroduced some of the mystery-men characters in new books, but reimaged them as super-heroes, characters such as Green Lantern and Hawkman. September 1961 saw the publication of \"Flash of Two Worlds\" in \"The Flash\" #123. This was the first new story using an original mystery-man character, namely, the Flash (Jay Garrick). The concept of an Earth-1 and Earth-2 began to be developed and soon other 1940s characters were being used in modern stories. Sandy the Golden Boy was reintroduced to the public by writer Len Wein in \"Justice League of America\" #113 in 1974.", "Allen Bert Christman Allen Bert Christman (May 31, 1915 \u2013 January 23, 1942), known professionally as Bert Christman, was an American cartoonist and naval aviator. He is best known as artist of the newspaper comic strip \"Scorchy Smith\", about a pilot-adventurer in the inter-war years. He was also credited with co-creating the original, Wesley Dodds version of the DC Comics character the Sandman. Artist Bert Christman and writer Gardner Fox are generally credited as having co-created the original Wesley Dodd version of the DC Comics character the Sandman. While the character's first appearance is usually given as \"Adventure Comics\" #40 (cover-dated July 1939), he also appeared in DC Comics' 1939 \"New York World's Fair Comics\" omnibus, which historians believe appeared on newsstands one to two weeks earlier, while also believing the \"Adventure Comics\" story was written and drawn first. Each of the two stories' scripts were credited to the pseudonym \"Larry Dean\"; Fox wrote the untitled, 10-page story in \"New York World's Fair\" #1, while he simply plotted, and Christman scripted, the untitled, six-page story, generally known as \"The Tarantula Strikes\", in \"Adventure\" #40. Creig Flessel, who drew many early Sandman adventures, has sometimes been credited as co-creator on the basis of drawing the Sandman cover of \"Adventure\" #40, but no other evidence has surfaced. Christman gave up his career as an artist, and joined the U.S. Navy in June 1938 as a pilot cadet. He was serving on the aircraft carrier \"Ranger\" in 1941 when he was recruited to join the American Volunteer Group to fight the invading Japanese in the skies over China and Burma.", "Adventure Comics Adventure Comics is an American comic book series published by DC Comics from 1938 to 1983 and revived from 2009 to 2011. In its first era, the series ran for 503 issues (472 of those after the title changed from \"New Adventure Comics\"), making it the fifth-longest-running DC series, behind \"Detective Comics\", \"Action Comics\", \"Superman\", and \"Batman\". The series was revived in 2009 through a new \"#1\" issue by artist Clayton Henry and writer Geoff Johns. It returned to its original numbering with #516 (September 2010). The series finally ended with #529 (October 2011) prior to a company-wide revision of DC's superhero comic book line, known as \"The New 52\". \"Adventure Comics\" began its nearly 50-year run in December 1935 under the title New Comics, which was only the second comic book series published by National Allied Publications, now DC Comics. The series was retitled New Adventure Comics with its 12th issue in January 1937. Issue #32 (November 1938) saw the title changed again to \"Adventure Comics\", which would remain the book's name for the duration of its existence. Originally a humor series, it evolved into a serious adventure series. In issue #12, while the series was briefly re-titled \"New Adventure Comics\", Joe Shuster and Jerry Siegel introduced the first version of the character Jor-L as a science fiction detective in the far future; the character would eventually become the alien father of Superman, although the first Superman story, in \"Action Comics\" #1, would not appear until more than a year after Jor-L's first appearance. The series' focus gradually shifted to superhero stories starting with the debut of the Sandman in issue #40.", "Dian Belmont Dian Belmont is a fictional DC Comics character, associated with the golden age Sandman, a socialite and amateur detective, she assisted Sandman on most of his adventures as his aide and confidant. She made her first appearance in \"Adventure Comics\" #47 (February 1940), created by Gardner Fox and Ogden Whitney. In Dian Belmont's first adventure she was originally a thief named the Woman in Evening Clothes whom Sandman foiled a robbery by. After a few more stories her past as a gentlewoman thief was entirely forgotten and she now became the rich socialite girlfriend of Wesley Dodds and a fellow detective in his guise as Sandman. A distinction between Dian and most other superhero girlfriends was that Dian was fully aware of Wesley's Sandman identity and was a constant aid in his war on crime and less a damsel in distress. in Adventure Comics #69 (December 1941) Sandman was given a new look and sidekick in Sandy the Golden Boy , Dian disappeared from the strip and would not make an appearance for several decades until it was explained that Sandy was her nephew and that she had died sometime before the Second World War. Starting in \"Sandman Mystery Theatre\" Dian Belmont's history is altered. Dian and Wesley relationship is now modeled on Nick and Nora Charles of \"The Thin Man\" with a more lighthearted rapport between the two but a much more mature view of their personal relationship. Dian's father is the District Attorney and she in now seen as a flighty party girl who after an encounter with the Sandman joins in his fight against crime. In later adventures Dian jokingly refers to herself as Sandy due to a comic that she read about a fictionalized version of herself and Wesley (in itself based on the golden age adventures of Sandman and Sandy)."], "answer": {"text": "he also appeared in DC Comics' 1939 New York World's Fair Comics omnibus,", "answer_start": 265}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the golden age of comic books?", "answer": {"text": "the character's first appearance is usually given as Adventure Comics No. 40 (cover-dated July 1939),", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e38d18bd71164013897e7c94546c66c1_1_q#3", "question": "What was special about Sandy the Golden Boy?", "rewrite": "What was special about Sandy the Golden Boy?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sandy Hawkins Sanderson \"Sandy\" Hawkins, formerly known as Sandy the Golden Boy, Sands, Sand and eventual successor of his mentor Wesley Dodds as Sandman, is a fictional character and a superhero in the DC Comics universe. Created by writer Mort Weisinger and artist Paul Norris, he first appeared in \"Adventure Comics\" #69. After being unutilized for several years, he was reintroduced by writers David S. Goyer and Geoff Johns in the comic \"JSA\" in the late 1990s and with a greatly expanded set of powers and responsibilities. He eventually became a new version of his former mentor, donning the identity and costume of Sandman. The character of \"Sandy the Golden Boy\" was created as a sidekick to the Sandman. Created by Mort Weisinger and Paul Norris, the nephew of The Sandman's girlfriend Dian Belmont, the character debuted as a tights-wearing youth (in the same vein as Robin the Boy Wonder) in \"Adventure Comics\" #69 (Dec 1941). This same issue also showcased a new yellow-and-purple costume for The Sandman. The flourish of mystery-men comic books came to an end in the late 1940s. About ten years later DC Comics reintroduced some of the mystery-men characters in new books, but reimaged them as super-heroes, characters such as Green Lantern and Hawkman. September 1961 saw the publication of \"Flash of Two Worlds\" in \"The Flash\" #123. This was the first new story using an original mystery-man character, namely, the Flash (Jay Garrick). The concept of an Earth-1 and Earth-2 began to be developed and soon other 1940s characters were being used in modern stories. Sandy the Golden Boy was reintroduced to the public by writer Len Wein in \"Justice League of America\" #113 in 1974.", "Golden Boy (Sin with Sebastian song) Golden Boy is a song by German Eurodance artist Sin With Sebastian. It was released in October 1995 as the second single from his debut album of the same name. The song was released on CD format and discusses a certain view on life and lifestyle: fun loving, being lazy, partying and the distinctive feeling of being \"special\" and \"the best\". \" Golden Boy\" peaked at number 4 in Finland and number 45 in Belgium. The music video for \"Golden Boy\" was directed by Austrian director Matthias Schweger. The video is distinctive for content such as faces amongst heaps of fruit and half-naked male dancers moving around the female singer who is holding a baby \"golden boy\". In 2008, when Sin With Sebastian looked through their archives they found some footage that was filmed during the time of the making of the video clip. Matthias Schweger also directed the music video for \"Shut Up (and Sleep with Me)\". Mixing: \"Andreas Herbig\" < br> Music, Lyrics & Programming: \"Sebastian Roth\"
Producers:\"Chris Von Deylen, Inga Humpe\"", "Golden Boy (DC Comics) Klint Stewirt is a fictional character, and supervillain in the DC Comics Universe. Created by Cary Bates and Mike Grell, Stewirt is a former hopeful for the Legion of Super-Heroes. After being rejected from the team, years later he resurfaced as a member of Earth-Man's \"Justice League of Earth\", which help to enforce a xenophobic agenda that Earth has adopted. Klint Stewirt aka Golden Boy once tried to audition for the Legion of Super-Heroes. He has the power to turn whatever he touches into solid gold. Stewirt was rejected on the grounds that he would bring down the value of gold. Golden Boy's powers over time evolved until his entire body became solid gold. Golden Boy then joins the Xenophobic superhero group called the Justice League of Earth. The team consists of Earth-born Legion rejects obsessed with spreading lies about Superman's origin. They believe that Superman was human and that all aliens should be deported from the planet. The team consisted of leader Earth-Man along with Spider Girl, Tusker, Storm Boy, and Radiation Roy, along with Golden Boy. The Legion defeated the team with the help of Superman, and they were sent to Takron-Galtos the prison planet. When Superboy-Prime returned he freed the inmates of Takron-Galtos, and formed a new Legion of Super-Villains, which included the Fatal Five and the Justice League of Earth. Golden Boy and Justice League of Earth attacked the United Planets Government Complex in Metropolis. The League was going to kill the President of Earth, \"for crimes against humanity\", but Golden Boy and the team are electrocuted by Legionnaire Lightning Lad.", "Golden Boy Promotions Golden Boy Promotions, Inc. is an American boxing and mixed martial arts promotion firm based in Los Angeles, California. The company was established in 2002 by eight-time world champion (in six divisions) Oscar De La Hoya. Nicknamed \"Golden Boy\" by media, De La Hoya is one of boxing's most active and high-profile promoters, presenting shows worldwide. In 2005, Golden Boy Enterprises announced the formation of Golden Boy Partners, a company focused on urban development in Latino communities. Golden Boy promoted the May 5, 2007, \"super fight\" between De La Hoya and Floyd Mayweather, at the MGM Grand, in Las Vegas, Nevada. Mayweather won the bout by a split decision. The fight once held the records for most pay-per-view buys and as the second-highest grossing fight in the history of the sport. The company also co-promoted, with Top Rank, The Dream Match: Oscar De La Hoya Vs Manny Pacquiao on December 6, 2008. In June 2009, Golden Boy Enterprises became embroiled in a dispute over who would fight for the WBA junior welterweight title. On the one hand, undefeated Dmitry Salita (the WBA's No. 1-ranked 140-pounder) was told by the WBA in writing that he will face the winner of the June 27 fight between titleholder Andreas Kotelnik and Amir Khan. On the other hand, Richard Schaefer of Golden Boy said that \"he\" had it \"in writing\" that that fight would face the winner of the Victor Ort\u00edz-Marcos Maidana fight. The WBA's top executives were unavailable for comment. Salita was extremely upset over the prospect that he could lose what would be his first title shot. \"They're a big company\", he said of Golden Boy. \"They're trying to bend the rules.", "The Golden Boy for 1968 was Ray Lampkin and the 1966 and 1967 BC Golden Boy Dick Findlay was Golden Boy runner-up. Ray Lampkin, the 1968 BC Golden Boy, would turn professional and become a top ranked lightweight boxer. In 1975, he was considered the United States lightweight champion. In world rankings in July 1975, Lampkin was the number one contender for the lightweight title held by Panama boxer Roberto Duran. The tournament took place in January 1984 in Burnaby at the Boxing BC Training centre that would also be used as a training camp for the 1984 and 1988 Canadian Olympic boxing teams At the end of the tournament the Golden Boy for 1984 was boxer Michael O'Connell and the runner-up was Joe Pendry, and the best youth boxer was Deep Butter. Bert Lowes, Fred Fuller, Rudy Bianco, Sid Knopp Vic Murdoch, Larry Carney, Earl Vance, Jack Mellor, Larry Krangle, Brian Zelley, Rick Brough and Bob Newbrook. Announcer: Joe Swift, Glovers: Tommy Yule and Gordon Miller Bassam Batrani, Scott Bannink, Jamie Ballard, Gary Wood, Dale Walters, Scott Cessford, Joe Pendry, ken Smith, Alex Angelomatis, Tim Howie, Leon Chambers, Dan Zaleski, Lee Gauthier, John Wilson George Pires, Derek Wolfe, Deep Butter, Willie Curry, Michael O'Connell, Kika Singh, Al Harper, Garry Serko, Cody Redford, Joe martin and Tom Coady. The 2012 BC Golden Gloves will take place in Vernon, BC in April The 2012 Silver Gloves will be hosted by the Mission City Boxing Club in June 2012. The Silver Gloves has a history that begins in 1943 due to the efforts of Val Roach. In 1960, the tournament was hosted by the South Burnaby boxing club under the direction of Harry Twist."], "answer": {"text": "nephew of Dian Belmont.", "answer_start": 935}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the golden age of comic books?", "answer": {"text": "the character's first appearance is usually given as Adventure Comics No. 40 (cover-dated July 1939),", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where else did he appear?", "answer": {"text": "he also appeared in DC Comics' 1939 New York World's Fair Comics omnibus,", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who appeared with him?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e38d18bd71164013897e7c94546c66c1_1_q#5", "question": "How long were they together?", "rewrite": "How long were Sandman and Dian Belmont together?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Dian Belmont Dian Belmont is a fictional DC Comics character, associated with the golden age Sandman, a socialite and amateur detective, she assisted Sandman on most of his adventures as his aide and confidant. She made her first appearance in \"Adventure Comics\" #47 (February 1940), created by Gardner Fox and Ogden Whitney. In Dian Belmont's first adventure she was originally a thief named the Woman in Evening Clothes whom Sandman foiled a robbery by. After a few more stories her past as a gentlewoman thief was entirely forgotten and she now became the rich socialite girlfriend of Wesley Dodds and a fellow detective in his guise as Sandman. A distinction between Dian and most other superhero girlfriends was that Dian was fully aware of Wesley's Sandman identity and was a constant aid in his war on crime and less a damsel in distress. in Adventure Comics #69 (December 1941) Sandman was given a new look and sidekick in Sandy the Golden Boy , Dian disappeared from the strip and would not make an appearance for several decades until it was explained that Sandy was her nephew and that she had died sometime before the Second World War. Starting in \"Sandman Mystery Theatre\" Dian Belmont's history is altered. Dian and Wesley relationship is now modeled on Nick and Nora Charles of \"The Thin Man\" with a more lighthearted rapport between the two but a much more mature view of their personal relationship. Dian's father is the District Attorney and she in now seen as a flighty party girl who after an encounter with the Sandman joins in his fight against crime. In later adventures Dian jokingly refers to herself as Sandy due to a comic that she read about a fictionalized version of herself and Wesley (in itself based on the golden age adventures of Sandman and Sandy).", "In his early career, Dodds (the character's surname was given as \"Dodd\" in his first four appearances; he became \"Dodds\" in Adventure Comics #44) was frequently aided by his girlfriend, Dian Belmont, who is aware of his dual identity. Unlike many superhero love interests, Belmont was often, though not always, portrayed as an equal partner of the Sandman, rather than a damsel in distress. Later stories would reveal that the two remained together for the duration of their lives, though they never married. The Sandman was one of the original members of the Justice Society of America when that superhero team was introduced in All Star Comics No. 3, published by All-American Comics, one of the companies that would merge to form DC. In Adventure Comics No. 69 (December 1941), Dodds was given a yellow-and-purple costume by writer Mort Weisinger and artist Paul Norris, as well as a yellow-clad kid sidekick, Sandy the Golden Boy, nephew of Dian Belmont. Later that year, the celebrated team of Joe Simon and Jack Kirby took over this version of the character. In 1942, Dodds enlisted in the U.S. Army and served as an anti-aircraft gunner during World War II.", "Sandman Midnight Theatre Sandman Midnight Theatre is the title of a one-shot comic book in which two DC comics characters called the Sandman \u2014 Dream and Wesley Dodds \u2014 encounter each other. \" Sandman Midnight Theatre\" was co-written by \"Sandman Mystery Theatre\" author Matt Wagner (co-plot) and \"The Sandman\" author Neil Gaiman (co-plot/script), and featured painted artwork by Teddy Kristiansen and lettering by Todd Klein. It received the Comics Buyer's Guide Fan Award for Favorite Original Graphic Novel/Album for 1996. \"Sandman Midnight Theatre\" was published with a cover date of September 1995. The following issue of \"The Sandman\"'s regular series was #72, in which Dodds appeared out of costume as an epilogue to the events in this book. Chronologically, \"The Sandman #72\" happened long after \"Sandman Midnight Theatre\", which occurred during Dream's imprisonment. In terms of \"Sandman Mystery Theatre\", \"Sandman Midnight Theatre\" occurs between the storylines \"The Python\" and \"The Mist\" (between issues #36 and #37). Following the events of \"The Python,\" Dian Belmont left New York City for London. Dodds uses a murder case as an excuse to follow her, and he finds her working at a church's soup kitchen. While Belmont deliberately avoids Dodds, both end up, for different reasons, at a party held by Roderick Burgess, the man who imprisoned Dream in his cellar. The graphic novel was reprinted in the 1999 anthology, \"Neil Gaiman's Midnight Days\".", "Reintroduced in the Silver Age in Justice League of America No. 46 (July 1966), the Sandman made occasional appearances in the annual teamups between that superhero group and the JSA. In 1981 DC began publishing All-Star Squadron, a retelling of the Earth-Two mystery-men during WWII. Although not a main character, Sandman does appear in its pages. Of note is issue No. 18 which gives an explanation of why Dodds changed costumes from the cloak and gas mask to the yellow-and-purple outfit; Dian wore his costume while he was fighting elsewhere and she was killed in a fray. Dodds decided to wear the new costume, of Dian's design, until he could bring himself to wear the original in which she had died. Later, this explanation would be changed again when Dian Belmont was retconned to have never died, and a new explanation was given: Sandy convinced Dodds to switch to the more colorful costume to gain the support of regular people, who preferred the more traditional superhero look to his older, pulp-themed costume. An acclaimed film noir-inspired retelling of the original Sandman's adventures, Sandman Mystery Theatre, ran from 1993-1998 under DC Comics' Vertigo mature-reader imprint. Although as a whole its continuity within the DC Universe is debatable, several elements of the series - the more nuanced relationship between Dodds and Dian Belmont; the Sandman's appearance, (wearing a trench coat and World War I gas mask instead of the cape and the custom-made gas mask); and Dodds' pudgier appearance and wearing of glasses - have been adopted into regular continuity. The series ran for 70 issues and 1 annual.", "Sandman Mystery Theatre Sandman Mystery Theatre is a comic book series published by Vertigo, the mature-readers imprint of DC Comics. It ran for 70 issues and 1 annual between 1993 and 1999 and retells the adventures of the Sandman, a vigilante whose main weapon is a gun that fires sleeping gas, originally created by DC in the Golden Age of Comic Books. In a similar vein to Batman, the Sandman possesses no superhuman powers and relies on his detective skills and inventions. In this film noir-like series by writers Matt Wagner and Steven T. Seagle, Wesley Dodds (the Sandman) and his girlfriend Dian Belmont (daughter of the District Attorney) encountered several, often grotesque, foes in multi-issue storylines. The team of Dodds and Belmont were a nod to Nick and Nora Charles of \"The Thin Man\" novel and movies. The first artist was Guy Davis, who defined the visual look of the character. Davis changed Dodds from the traditional portrayal as a tall, square-jawed figure, making him shorter, round-faced and slightly overweight. He also gave Dodds a pair of round spectacles, visually echoing the round eyepieces of the gas mask he wore as the Sandman. Davis also redesigned the Sandman costume. In the original 1930s comics, the Sandman wore a green suit, purple cape, orange fedora and blue-and-yellow gas mask. For \"Sandman Mystery Theatre\", the color palette was toned down to gray, olive green and brown. The super-heroic trappings were downplayed in favor of a \"real-world\" sensibility, such as a trench coat instead of the cape. For the second and third story arcs, \"The Face\" and \"The Brute\", art was provided by John Watkiss and R.G. Taylor respectively."], "answer": {"text": "Later stories would reveal that the two remained together for the duration of their lives, though they never married.", "answer_start": 391}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the golden age of comic books?", "answer": {"text": "the character's first appearance is usually given as Adventure Comics No. 40 (cover-dated July 1939),", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where else did he appear?", "answer": {"text": "he also appeared in DC Comics' 1939 New York World's Fair Comics omnibus,", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who appeared with him?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was special about Sandy the Golden Boy?", "answer": {"text": "nephew of Dian Belmont.", "answer_start": 935, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Who is Dian Belmont?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e38d18bd71164013897e7c94546c66c1_0_q#0", "question": "What comics did Sandman appear in during the Silver Age?", "rewrite": "What comics did Sandman appear in during the Silver Age?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In Sanderson's opinion, each comics generation rebels against the previous, and the movement was a response to \"Crisis on Infinite Earths\", which itself was an attack on the Silver Age. Neo-silver comics creators made comics that recognized and assimilated the more sophisticated aspects of the Silver Age. The Silver Age marked a decline in horror, romance, funny-animal humor, and Westerns as American-comics genres. An important feature of the period was the development of the character makeup of superheroes. Young children and girls were targeted during the Silver Age by certain publishers; in particular, Harvey Comics attracted this group with titles such as \"Little Dot\". Adult-oriented underground comics also began during the Silver Age. Some critics and historians argue that one characteristic of the Silver Age was that science fiction and aliens replaced magic and gods. Others argue that magic was an important element of both Golden Age and Silver Age characters. Many Golden Age writers and artists were science-fiction fans or professional science-fiction writers who incorporated SF elements into their comic-book stories. Science was a common explanation for the origin of heroes in the Silver Age. The Silver Age coincided with the rise of pop art, an artistic movement that used popular cultural artifacts, such as advertising and packaging, as source material for fine, or gallery-exhibited, art. Roy Lichtenstein, one of the best-known pop art painters, specifically chose individual panels from comic books and repainted the images, modifying them to some extent in the process but including in the painting word and thought balloons and captions as well as enlarged-to-scale color dots imitating the coloring process then used in newsprint comic books.", "Shayera Hol Shayera Hol is a fictional superheroine appearing in American comic books during the Silver Age of Comics published by DC Comics. The character was created by writer Gardner Fox and artist Joe Kubert, and first appeared in \"The Brave and the Bold\" #34 (March 1961). She has been depicted as the second Hawkgirl and first Hawkwoman. With the fading popularity of superheroes during the late 1940s, the Hawkman feature ended in the last issue of \"Flash Comics\" in 1949. In 1956, DC Comics resurrected the Flash by revamping the character with a new identity and backstory. Following the success of the new Flash, DC Comics revamped Hawkman in a similar fashion with \"The Brave and the Bold\" #34 in 1961. The Silver Age versions of Hawkman and Hawkgirl became married alien police officers from the planet Thanagar who come to Earth in order to study police techniques. Silver Age Hawkgirl is introduced as Shayera Hol (phonetically identical to Shiera Hall), who appears in costume as of her first appearance. Although Silver Age Hawkman joins the Justice League in \"Justice League of America\" #31 in 1964, Silver Age Hawkgirl was not offered membership because Justice League rules only allowed for one new member to be admitted at a time. Several years later, Silver Age Hawkgirl joined the Justice League of America with issue #146 in 1977. In 1981, Silver Age Hawkgirl changed her name to Hawkwoman in the Hawkman backup feature of \"World's Finest Comics\" #272. With the establishment of DC's multiverse system, the Golden Age Hawkgirl was said to have lived on Earth-Two and the Silver Age Hawkgirl on Earth-One.", "Reintroduced in the Silver Age in Justice League of America No. 46 (July 1966), the Sandman made occasional appearances in the annual teamups between that superhero group and the JSA. In 1981 DC began publishing All-Star Squadron, a retelling of the Earth-Two mystery-men during WWII. Although not a main character, Sandman does appear in its pages. Of note is issue No. 18 which gives an explanation of why Dodds changed costumes from the cloak and gas mask to the yellow-and-purple outfit; Dian wore his costume while he was fighting elsewhere and she was killed in a fray. Dodds decided to wear the new costume, of Dian's design, until he could bring himself to wear the original in which she had died. Later, this explanation would be changed again when Dian Belmont was retconned to have never died, and a new explanation was given: Sandy convinced Dodds to switch to the more colorful costume to gain the support of regular people, who preferred the more traditional superhero look to his older, pulp-themed costume. An acclaimed film noir-inspired retelling of the original Sandman's adventures, Sandman Mystery Theatre, ran from 1993-1998 under DC Comics' Vertigo mature-reader imprint. Although as a whole its continuity within the DC Universe is debatable, several elements of the series - the more nuanced relationship between Dodds and Dian Belmont; the Sandman's appearance, (wearing a trench coat and World War I gas mask instead of the cape and the custom-made gas mask); and Dodds' pudgier appearance and wearing of glasses - have been adopted into regular continuity. The series ran for 70 issues and 1 annual.", "Craig Shutt Craig Shutt is an American freelance writer and editor, best known as the author of \"Baby Boomer Comics\", a collection of his \u201cAsk Mr. Silver Age\u201d column about 1960s comics for the \"Comics Buyer\u2019s Guide\" monthly magazine, which ceased publication in 2013. He also moderates the Mr. Silver Age message board at the Comics Roundtable at \"captaincomics.ning.com\". Shut became a freelance writer in 1992, and began writing humorous articles about comics for the \"Comics Buyer's Guide\" (\"CBG\") with issue #955 (March 6, 1992). The articles focused on comics published during the years 1956-1970, known as the Silver Age of comic books. His column began in \"CBG\" #1020 (June 4, 1993) and became monthly in \"CBG\" #1476 (March 1, 2002). It ran in every issue until the last issue of \"CBG\", #1699 (March 2013). His annual column on the \u201cMopee Awards\u201d highlights Silver Age comics with illogical plots or events. The \u201cMopee\u201d term derives from a character appearing in \"The Flash\" #167 (February 1967). The term is used commonly in comics fandom to indicate a situation in a plot that fans ignore because it contradicts generally accepted continuity. Since 1996, he has moderated a Silver Age Trivia Challenge panel at the Chicago Comic-Com (formerly WizardWorld Chicago) and now the Chicago Comic & Entertainment Exhibition (C2E2). Four of his early columns were reprinted in \"Dr. Wonder\" #3 (July 1996), #4 (October 1996) and #5 (Fall 1997) published by Old Town Publishing.", "Created by writer Gardner Fox and artist Dennis Neville, Shiera Sanders first appeared in \"Flash Comics\" #1 (January 1940), in the same 12-page story in which Fox and Neville introduced Hawkman. Shiera first appears as Hawkgirl in \"All Star Comics\" #5 (July 1941), in a costume created by Sheldon Moldoff, based on Neville's Hawkman costume. With the fading popularity of superheroes during the late 1940s, the Hawkman feature ended in the last issue of \"Flash Comics\" in 1949. In 1956, DC Comics resurrected the Flash by revamping the character with a new identity and backstory. Following the success of the new Flash, DC Comics revamped Hawkman in a similar fashion with \"The Brave and the Bold\" #34 in 1961. The Silver Age versions of Hawkman and Hawkgirl became married alien police officers from the planet Thanagar who come to Earth in order to study police techniques. Silver Age Hawkgirl is introduced as Shayera Hol (phonetically identical to Shiera Hall), who appears in costume as of her first appearance. Although Silver Age Hawkman joins the Justice League in \"Justice League of America\" #31 in 1964, Silver Age Hawkgirl was not offered membership because Justice League rules only allowed for one new member to be admitted at a time. In 1981, Silver Age Hawkgirl changed her name to Hawkwoman in the Hawkman backup feature of \"World's Finest Comics\" #274. With the establishment of DC's multiverse system, the Golden Age Hawkgirl was said to have lived on Earth-Two and the Silver Age Hawkgirl on Earth-One."], "answer": {"text": "In 1981 DC began publishing All-Star Squadron, a retelling of the Earth-Two mystery-men during WWII. Although not a main character, Sandman does appear in its pages.", "answer_start": 184}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e38d18bd71164013897e7c94546c66c1_0_q#1", "question": "What other characters are in All-Star Squadron?", "rewrite": "What other characters are in All-Star Squadron besides Sandman?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Trylon and Perisphere, actual structures constructed in Flushing Meadows, Queens, New York for the 1939 New York World's Fair, housed the Squadron's headquarters. The Perisphere contained the Squadron meeting hall, while the Trylon was retrofitted as an aircraft hangar/vertical launch platform. The All-Star Squadron had a robotic butler named Gernsback, who was based on the Elektro robots from the fair and was named after science fiction publisher Hugo Gernsback. After the 1985 DC Comics storyline \"Crisis on Infinite Earths\" merged the various parallel worlds DC had established over the decades into a single universe, the older, \"Golden Age\" versions of DC's mainstream heroes were largely eliminated from continuity. The All-Star Squadron was left only with the characters unique to that time period. Superman, Batman, Robin, Wonder Woman, Aquaman, Green Arrow, Plastic Man and several other heroes were no longer extant at that point in history, and had thus never been Squadron members. In part to clear the slate after the events of \"Crisis on Infinite Earths\" and to re-launch the franchise, \"All Star Squadron\" was canceled with issue #67 and replaced with a successor series, \"Young All-Stars\". The principal characters featured in \"Young All-Stars\" were considered spiritual and contextual analogs for the missing characters: Iron Munro for Superman, Fury for Wonder Woman, Flying Fox for Batman, Dan the Dyna-Mite for Robin, and Neptune Perkins for Aquaman. Evil analogs were also created for the missing characters at the same time: \u00dcbermensch, Der Grosshorn Eule, Fledermaus, Usil, and Sea Wolf. \" Young All-Stars\" was published for 31 issues and one annual.", "Iron Munro Iron Munro, real name Arn Munro, is a superhero character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Roy Thomas created the character in 1987 for \"Young All-Stars\". He largely served to replace Superman in stories set during World War II after the \"Crisis on Infinite Earths\" storyline eliminated continuities in which Superman was active in this period. After DC cancelled Thomas' World War II-set comic \"All-Star Squadron\" in the wake of \"Crisis on Infinite Earths\", the company charged him with writing a follow-up series with a new superhero team, \"Young All-Stars\". Iron Munro was one of several new characters Thomas created as analogues for popular superheroes written out of the continuity; he stood in for Superman, with comparable powers and appearance. He was inspired by two 1930s pulp fiction characters who in turn prefigured Superman: John W. Campbell's science fiction hero Aarn Munro, who appeared in comics as \"Iron Munro\", and Hugo Danner, the protagonist of Philip Wylie's 1930 novel \"Gladiator\", who had powers similar to Superman's and is sometimes seen as an inspiration. \"Young All-Stars\" did not achieve the popularity of \"All-Star Squadron\", which had featured better known characters from the Golden Age of Comic Books. The series was cancelled in 1989. However, Iron Munro continues to make occasional appearances in DC Comics. From 1981 to 1987, Roy Thomas wrote DC Comics' popular series \"All-Star Squadron\", set on Earth-Two, a parallel universe based on the company's characters of the 1940s Golden Age of Comic Books. \"All-Star Squadron\" depicts a team of Earth-Two versions of characters like Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman fighting in World War II.", "All-Star Squadron The All-Star Squadron is a DC Comics superhero team that debuted in \"Justice League of America\" #193 (August 1981) and was created by Roy Thomas, Rich Buckler and Jerry Ordway. The \"All-Star Squadron\" debuted in a special insert in \"Justice League of America\" #193 (August 1981). The new team was launched in its own series the following month and was created by Roy Thomas, Rich Buckler and Jerry Ordway. The eponymous comic book series was published for 67 issues from September 1981 to March 1987 and three annuals were published as well. When Rich Buckler left the series after the fifth issue, editor Len Wein hired Adrian Gonzales as a replacement and notified Roy Thomas with a note stating \"You're going to like Adrian Gonzales\". He drew the series for 13 issues which included a crossover with the \"Justice League of America\" Jerry Ordway, who had inked the series since its start, became the penciler as of issue #19 (March 1983). He and Thomas co-created the Infinity, Inc. team in issue #25 (Sept. 1983). \"All-Star Squadron\" #32 (April 1984) and #33 (May 1984) detailed how the Freedom Fighters traveled from Earth-Two to Earth-X. Several issues of the series detailed origins of various characters including Amazing-Man, Starman, Doctor Fate, Liberty Belle, the Shining Knight, Robotman, Johnny Quick, and the Tarantula. \"All-Star Squadron\" #1 contains \"An Open Letter to the Readers\" written by Roy Thomas. In it he describes the impetus for the series, namely, DC wanted a comic book telling tales of the Justice Society of America. The last series to do so was \"All Star Comics\", which lasted only seventeen issues, ending in 1979.", "Kung (comics) Kung is the name of two fictional characters in the DC Comics universe. The first version of the character was an Earth-2 supervillain who fought the Wonder Woman and All-Star Squadron of that world in stories taking place before the \"Crisis on Infinite Earths\". The early life of Thomas Morita was fraught with difficulty. His parents immigrated to the United States from Japan before the Great Depression. During the Depression, his father was unable to find work and eventually died. His mother died soon afterward, leaving only Thomas and his sister, Nancy. Morita traveled to his parents' homeland to train as a samurai and learning of the Japanese-American internment only further fueled his hatred of America. At some point during his training, he underwent some unexplained mystical process that imbued him with the power to transform into animals. Kung undertook his first assignment on December 30, 1941, to kill Prime Minister Winston Churchill on his way to Washington, D.C. but is stopped by the hero Steel. (\"All-Star Squadron\" #8 [April 1982]) On March 4, 1942, Kung is hired by the mysterious Prince Daka to team up with Tsunami, Samurai, and Sumo, to infiltrate the All-Star Squadron's headquarters and steal Starman's gravity rod. This theft is thwarted by the Guardian and Kung escapes with Prince Daka. (\"All-Star Squadron\" #42-43 [February\u2013March 1985]) In 1943, Kung is assigned to kill General Douglas MacArthur in Washington, D.C. Wonder Woman foils the assassination attempt, but Kung escapes to his sister's home in New York's Chinatown. Kung tries again to assassinate MacArthur at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, but is himself apparently killed while saving his sister from the weight of a teetering battleship whose drydock supports had been washed away.", "While many of the changes could be considered retcons, the comic should be taken on its merits as an alternative telling of Sandman's origin. One such change in the series included Wesley Dodds' portrayal as a quiet man who is considered odd by others instead of a playboy socialite. Some of the retcons introduced in \"Sandman Mystery Theatre\" have been reflected in modern DC continuity. One such retcon that was later overturned was that of the character of Sandy Hawkins being nothing more than a fictional comic book character with Dian Belmont instead acting as Sandman's sidekick \"Sandy\" on at least one occasion. Also, Dian's death had previously been recounted in \"All-Star Squadron\" #18, but in this new continuity she lives well into old age and remains Dodds's companion for life. The revival of the character was due in part to the success of a later, related character created by Neil Gaiman: Dream of the Endless, whose adventures were then being published under the title of \"The Sandman\" (hence the need for a more elaborate title for the older character's adventures). Dream made numerous cameo appearances in Wesley Dodds' dreams throughout the series. The two characters met briefly in a one-shot special, \"Sandman Midnight Theatre\", co-written by Gaiman and Wagner. In their review of \"Sandman Mystery Theatre\" #41-48, \"Wizard\" gave the series a 5 on a scale of 1 to 6, particularly praising the historical authenticity of the lingo and cultural norms, as well as the intricately developed characters, \"horrific\" villains, and unique atmosphere. Their one major criticism was that it is too difficult for new readers to follow what is going on if they begin reading the series in the middle of a story arc."], "answer": {"text": "Dian wore his costume while he was fighting elsewhere and she was killed in a fray. Dodds decided to wear the new costume,", "answer_start": 492}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What comics did Sandman appear in during the Silver Age?", "answer": {"text": "In 1981 DC began publishing All-Star Squadron, a retelling of the Earth-Two mystery-men during WWII. Although not a main character, Sandman does appear in its pages.", "answer_start": 184, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e38d18bd71164013897e7c94546c66c1_0_q#2", "question": "What other comics was he in?", "rewrite": "What other comics was Sandman in besides All-Star Squadron?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tarantula (DC Comics) The Tarantula is the name of two fictional comic book characters owned by DC Comics that exist in that company's DC Universe. The original Tarantula was a character prominent in the 1940s named John Law. He first appeared in \"Star-Spangled Comics\" #1 (October 1941) and was created by Mort Weisinger. In his initial Golden Age appearances he wore a yellow-and-purple costume that bore strong resemblance to Wesley Dodds' second Sandman costume. This was later explained in a retcon in the pages of \"All-Star Squadron\" as coming from Dodds' associate, Dian Belmont. The second Tarantula is Catalina Flores, who first appeared in \"Nightwing\" #71 (September 2002), while waiting until issue #75 (January 2003) to appear as Tarantula; she was created by Devin Grayson. Tarantula was inspired to be a mystery man by the Crimson Avenger in the days when America entered World War II. The Tarantula possessed no super-abilities, but relied on several gimmicks and his quick wits. He was trained in hand-to-hand combat, as well as some acrobatics, and had a passing interest in stage make-up and stage magic. He used suction cups attached to the soles on his boots to allow him to walk up walls and hang from ceilings. He used a \"web-gun\" (despite the fact tarantulas don't spin webs) which fired a string of fast-hardening nylon that was used to swing from one anchored point to another. He was a member of the All-Star Squadron before retiring to become a writer. He had a best selling novel, \"Altered Egos: The Mystery Men of World War II\", published sometime in the 1970s.", "Iron Munro Iron Munro, real name Arn Munro, is a superhero character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Roy Thomas created the character in 1987 for \"Young All-Stars\". He largely served to replace Superman in stories set during World War II after the \"Crisis on Infinite Earths\" storyline eliminated continuities in which Superman was active in this period. After DC cancelled Thomas' World War II-set comic \"All-Star Squadron\" in the wake of \"Crisis on Infinite Earths\", the company charged him with writing a follow-up series with a new superhero team, \"Young All-Stars\". Iron Munro was one of several new characters Thomas created as analogues for popular superheroes written out of the continuity; he stood in for Superman, with comparable powers and appearance. He was inspired by two 1930s pulp fiction characters who in turn prefigured Superman: John W. Campbell's science fiction hero Aarn Munro, who appeared in comics as \"Iron Munro\", and Hugo Danner, the protagonist of Philip Wylie's 1930 novel \"Gladiator\", who had powers similar to Superman's and is sometimes seen as an inspiration. \"Young All-Stars\" did not achieve the popularity of \"All-Star Squadron\", which had featured better known characters from the Golden Age of Comic Books. The series was cancelled in 1989. However, Iron Munro continues to make occasional appearances in DC Comics. From 1981 to 1987, Roy Thomas wrote DC Comics' popular series \"All-Star Squadron\", set on Earth-Two, a parallel universe based on the company's characters of the 1940s Golden Age of Comic Books. \"All-Star Squadron\" depicts a team of Earth-Two versions of characters like Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman fighting in World War II.", "Kung (comics) Kung is the name of two fictional characters in the DC Comics universe. The first version of the character was an Earth-2 supervillain who fought the Wonder Woman and All-Star Squadron of that world in stories taking place before the \"Crisis on Infinite Earths\". The early life of Thomas Morita was fraught with difficulty. His parents immigrated to the United States from Japan before the Great Depression. During the Depression, his father was unable to find work and eventually died. His mother died soon afterward, leaving only Thomas and his sister, Nancy. Morita traveled to his parents' homeland to train as a samurai and learning of the Japanese-American internment only further fueled his hatred of America. At some point during his training, he underwent some unexplained mystical process that imbued him with the power to transform into animals. Kung undertook his first assignment on December 30, 1941, to kill Prime Minister Winston Churchill on his way to Washington, D.C. but is stopped by the hero Steel. (\"All-Star Squadron\" #8 [April 1982]) On March 4, 1942, Kung is hired by the mysterious Prince Daka to team up with Tsunami, Samurai, and Sumo, to infiltrate the All-Star Squadron's headquarters and steal Starman's gravity rod. This theft is thwarted by the Guardian and Kung escapes with Prince Daka. (\"All-Star Squadron\" #42-43 [February\u2013March 1985]) In 1943, Kung is assigned to kill General Douglas MacArthur in Washington, D.C. Wonder Woman foils the assassination attempt, but Kung escapes to his sister's home in New York's Chinatown. Kung tries again to assassinate MacArthur at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, but is himself apparently killed while saving his sister from the weight of a teetering battleship whose drydock supports had been washed away.", "All-Star Squadron The All-Star Squadron is a DC Comics superhero team that debuted in \"Justice League of America\" #193 (August 1981) and was created by Roy Thomas, Rich Buckler and Jerry Ordway. The \"All-Star Squadron\" debuted in a special insert in \"Justice League of America\" #193 (August 1981). The new team was launched in its own series the following month and was created by Roy Thomas, Rich Buckler and Jerry Ordway. The eponymous comic book series was published for 67 issues from September 1981 to March 1987 and three annuals were published as well. When Rich Buckler left the series after the fifth issue, editor Len Wein hired Adrian Gonzales as a replacement and notified Roy Thomas with a note stating \"You're going to like Adrian Gonzales\". He drew the series for 13 issues which included a crossover with the \"Justice League of America\" Jerry Ordway, who had inked the series since its start, became the penciler as of issue #19 (March 1983). He and Thomas co-created the Infinity, Inc. team in issue #25 (Sept. 1983). \"All-Star Squadron\" #32 (April 1984) and #33 (May 1984) detailed how the Freedom Fighters traveled from Earth-Two to Earth-X. Several issues of the series detailed origins of various characters including Amazing-Man, Starman, Doctor Fate, Liberty Belle, the Shining Knight, Robotman, Johnny Quick, and the Tarantula. \"All-Star Squadron\" #1 contains \"An Open Letter to the Readers\" written by Roy Thomas. In it he describes the impetus for the series, namely, DC wanted a comic book telling tales of the Justice Society of America. The last series to do so was \"All Star Comics\", which lasted only seventeen issues, ending in 1979.", "TNT (comics) TNT is a DC Comics superhero from the 1940s. TNT and his side-kick Dan the Dyna-Mite were created by Mort Weisinger for DC Comics, and made their debut in \"Star-Spangled Comics\" #7 (April 1942) The \"human hand grenades\" had a short lived career during the Golden Age of Comic Books, reappearing occasionally in reprint form during the seventies, returning in \"Super Friends\" # 12, and appearing from time to time in \"All-Star Squadron\" and its Post-Crisis sequel, \"Young All-Stars\". TNT and Dan The Dyna-Mite are the secret identities of chemistry teacher and track coach Thomas N. \"Tex\" Thomas and his student Daniel Dunbar. While working together with some \"radioactive salts\", they discover they are charged with atomic energy. Thomas is charged with positive energy, while Dunbar is charged with negative energy. Thomas makes a pair of rings which keeps the energy dormant until they are touched together, at which point the pair gains enhanced strength, speed, and resistance to injury, and the ability to generate different forms of energy. Thomas generates heat, while Dan can generate short bursts of electricity. The series ran through \"Star-Spangled Comics\" #23 (August 1943). TNT was revived as part of Roy Thomas's \"All-Star Squadron\", and its spin-off, \"The Young All-Stars\". After TNT and Dyna-Mite had been active for a few months, they are summoned by the All-Star Squadron to participate in their first general meeting. Their participation seems to have been limited to attending meetings and little else until April 1942, when Liberty Belle, as chairperson of the All-Stars, asks TNT and Dyna-Mite to look into Axis espionage activity in Colorado."], "answer": {"text": "Justice League of America No. 46 (July 1966), the Sandman made occasional appearances in the annual teamups between that superhero group and the JSA.", "answer_start": 34}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What comics did Sandman appear in during the Silver Age?", "answer": {"text": "In 1981 DC began publishing All-Star Squadron, a retelling of the Earth-Two mystery-men during WWII. Although not a main character, Sandman does appear in its pages.", "answer_start": 184, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other characters are in All-Star Squadron?", "answer": {"text": "Dian wore his costume while he was fighting elsewhere and she was killed in a fray. Dodds decided to wear the new costume,", "answer_start": 492, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e38d18bd71164013897e7c94546c66c1_0_q#3", "question": "Who wrote the comics?", "rewrite": "Who wrote All-Star Squadron comics?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Trylon and Perisphere, actual structures constructed in Flushing Meadows, Queens, New York for the 1939 New York World's Fair, housed the Squadron's headquarters. The Perisphere contained the Squadron meeting hall, while the Trylon was retrofitted as an aircraft hangar/vertical launch platform. The All-Star Squadron had a robotic butler named Gernsback, who was based on the Elektro robots from the fair and was named after science fiction publisher Hugo Gernsback. After the 1985 DC Comics storyline \"Crisis on Infinite Earths\" merged the various parallel worlds DC had established over the decades into a single universe, the older, \"Golden Age\" versions of DC's mainstream heroes were largely eliminated from continuity. The All-Star Squadron was left only with the characters unique to that time period. Superman, Batman, Robin, Wonder Woman, Aquaman, Green Arrow, Plastic Man and several other heroes were no longer extant at that point in history, and had thus never been Squadron members. In part to clear the slate after the events of \"Crisis on Infinite Earths\" and to re-launch the franchise, \"All Star Squadron\" was canceled with issue #67 and replaced with a successor series, \"Young All-Stars\". The principal characters featured in \"Young All-Stars\" were considered spiritual and contextual analogs for the missing characters: Iron Munro for Superman, Fury for Wonder Woman, Flying Fox for Batman, Dan the Dyna-Mite for Robin, and Neptune Perkins for Aquaman. Evil analogs were also created for the missing characters at the same time: \u00dcbermensch, Der Grosshorn Eule, Fledermaus, Usil, and Sea Wolf. \" Young All-Stars\" was published for 31 issues and one annual.", "Iron Munro Iron Munro, real name Arn Munro, is a superhero character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Roy Thomas created the character in 1987 for \"Young All-Stars\". He largely served to replace Superman in stories set during World War II after the \"Crisis on Infinite Earths\" storyline eliminated continuities in which Superman was active in this period. After DC cancelled Thomas' World War II-set comic \"All-Star Squadron\" in the wake of \"Crisis on Infinite Earths\", the company charged him with writing a follow-up series with a new superhero team, \"Young All-Stars\". Iron Munro was one of several new characters Thomas created as analogues for popular superheroes written out of the continuity; he stood in for Superman, with comparable powers and appearance. He was inspired by two 1930s pulp fiction characters who in turn prefigured Superman: John W. Campbell's science fiction hero Aarn Munro, who appeared in comics as \"Iron Munro\", and Hugo Danner, the protagonist of Philip Wylie's 1930 novel \"Gladiator\", who had powers similar to Superman's and is sometimes seen as an inspiration. \"Young All-Stars\" did not achieve the popularity of \"All-Star Squadron\", which had featured better known characters from the Golden Age of Comic Books. The series was cancelled in 1989. However, Iron Munro continues to make occasional appearances in DC Comics. From 1981 to 1987, Roy Thomas wrote DC Comics' popular series \"All-Star Squadron\", set on Earth-Two, a parallel universe based on the company's characters of the 1940s Golden Age of Comic Books. \"All-Star Squadron\" depicts a team of Earth-Two versions of characters like Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman fighting in World War II.", "TNT (comics) TNT is a DC Comics superhero from the 1940s. TNT and his side-kick Dan the Dyna-Mite were created by Mort Weisinger for DC Comics, and made their debut in \"Star-Spangled Comics\" #7 (April 1942) The \"human hand grenades\" had a short lived career during the Golden Age of Comic Books, reappearing occasionally in reprint form during the seventies, returning in \"Super Friends\" # 12, and appearing from time to time in \"All-Star Squadron\" and its Post-Crisis sequel, \"Young All-Stars\". TNT and Dan The Dyna-Mite are the secret identities of chemistry teacher and track coach Thomas N. \"Tex\" Thomas and his student Daniel Dunbar. While working together with some \"radioactive salts\", they discover they are charged with atomic energy. Thomas is charged with positive energy, while Dunbar is charged with negative energy. Thomas makes a pair of rings which keeps the energy dormant until they are touched together, at which point the pair gains enhanced strength, speed, and resistance to injury, and the ability to generate different forms of energy. Thomas generates heat, while Dan can generate short bursts of electricity. The series ran through \"Star-Spangled Comics\" #23 (August 1943). TNT was revived as part of Roy Thomas's \"All-Star Squadron\", and its spin-off, \"The Young All-Stars\". After TNT and Dyna-Mite had been active for a few months, they are summoned by the All-Star Squadron to participate in their first general meeting. Their participation seems to have been limited to attending meetings and little else until April 1942, when Liberty Belle, as chairperson of the All-Stars, asks TNT and Dyna-Mite to look into Axis espionage activity in Colorado.", "Kung (comics) Kung is the name of two fictional characters in the DC Comics universe. The first version of the character was an Earth-2 supervillain who fought the Wonder Woman and All-Star Squadron of that world in stories taking place before the \"Crisis on Infinite Earths\". The early life of Thomas Morita was fraught with difficulty. His parents immigrated to the United States from Japan before the Great Depression. During the Depression, his father was unable to find work and eventually died. His mother died soon afterward, leaving only Thomas and his sister, Nancy. Morita traveled to his parents' homeland to train as a samurai and learning of the Japanese-American internment only further fueled his hatred of America. At some point during his training, he underwent some unexplained mystical process that imbued him with the power to transform into animals. Kung undertook his first assignment on December 30, 1941, to kill Prime Minister Winston Churchill on his way to Washington, D.C. but is stopped by the hero Steel. (\"All-Star Squadron\" #8 [April 1982]) On March 4, 1942, Kung is hired by the mysterious Prince Daka to team up with Tsunami, Samurai, and Sumo, to infiltrate the All-Star Squadron's headquarters and steal Starman's gravity rod. This theft is thwarted by the Guardian and Kung escapes with Prince Daka. (\"All-Star Squadron\" #42-43 [February\u2013March 1985]) In 1943, Kung is assigned to kill General Douglas MacArthur in Washington, D.C. Wonder Woman foils the assassination attempt, but Kung escapes to his sister's home in New York's Chinatown. Kung tries again to assassinate MacArthur at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, but is himself apparently killed while saving his sister from the weight of a teetering battleship whose drydock supports had been washed away.", "All-Star Squadron The All-Star Squadron is a DC Comics superhero team that debuted in \"Justice League of America\" #193 (August 1981) and was created by Roy Thomas, Rich Buckler and Jerry Ordway. The \"All-Star Squadron\" debuted in a special insert in \"Justice League of America\" #193 (August 1981). The new team was launched in its own series the following month and was created by Roy Thomas, Rich Buckler and Jerry Ordway. The eponymous comic book series was published for 67 issues from September 1981 to March 1987 and three annuals were published as well. When Rich Buckler left the series after the fifth issue, editor Len Wein hired Adrian Gonzales as a replacement and notified Roy Thomas with a note stating \"You're going to like Adrian Gonzales\". He drew the series for 13 issues which included a crossover with the \"Justice League of America\" Jerry Ordway, who had inked the series since its start, became the penciler as of issue #19 (March 1983). He and Thomas co-created the Infinity, Inc. team in issue #25 (Sept. 1983). \"All-Star Squadron\" #32 (April 1984) and #33 (May 1984) detailed how the Freedom Fighters traveled from Earth-Two to Earth-X. Several issues of the series detailed origins of various characters including Amazing-Man, Starman, Doctor Fate, Liberty Belle, the Shining Knight, Robotman, Johnny Quick, and the Tarantula. \"All-Star Squadron\" #1 contains \"An Open Letter to the Readers\" written by Roy Thomas. In it he describes the impetus for the series, namely, DC wanted a comic book telling tales of the Justice Society of America. The last series to do so was \"All Star Comics\", which lasted only seventeen issues, ending in 1979."], "answer": {"text": "Neil Gaiman (author of the Modern Age supernatural series The Sandman", "answer_start": 57}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What comics did Sandman appear in during the Silver Age?", "answer": {"text": "In 1981 DC began publishing All-Star Squadron, a retelling of the Earth-Two mystery-men during WWII. Although not a main character, Sandman does appear in its pages.", "answer_start": 184, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other characters are in All-Star Squadron?", "answer": {"text": "Dian wore his costume while he was fighting elsewhere and she was killed in a fray. Dodds decided to wear the new costume,", "answer_start": 492, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other comics was he in?", "answer": {"text": "Justice League of America No. 46 (July 1966), the Sandman made occasional appearances in the annual teamups between that superhero group and the JSA.", "answer_start": 34, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e38d18bd71164013897e7c94546c66c1_0_q#5", "question": "Does his character appear in any movies?", "rewrite": "Does Sandman appear in any movies?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After Dreamer handcuffed Raven to the cage, Tyler entered the ring and stood between Raven and The Sandman, preventing The Sandman from hitting Raven and allowing Raven's lackey, Super Nova, to free him. Despite Tyler's involvement, The Sandman was ultimately able to pin Raven and win the match. At \"The Doctor is In\" on August 3, 1996, Tyler again placed himself in front of Raven during his ECW World Heavyweight Championship title match with The Sandman, helping Raven pin The Sandman and retain the title. At \"Natural Born Killaz\" on August 24, 1996, The Sandman and Pitbull #2 defeated Raven and Shane Douglas in a dog collar match. Following the match, Tyler demanded that The Sandman give him his Singapore cane. After The Sandman acquiesced, Tyler and Raven each caned The Sandman. At \"High Incident\" on October 26, 1996, Tyler was involved in one of ECW's most controversial angles, with Raven's Nest \"crucifying\" The Sandman by tying him to a cross and placing a crown made of barbed wire on his head. The angle, which was widely criticised as being in poor taste, led to Olympic gold medalist Kurt Angle severing his links with ECW and delayed the promotion's debut on pay-per-view. On October 5, 1996 at Ultimate Jeopardy, The Sandman and Dreamer faced Lee and Richards in a tag team bout with Raven's ECW World Heavyweight Championship on the line (Raven was unable to compete). The Sandman pinned Richards to win the title. At November to Remember on November 16, 1995, Raven faced The Sandman in a rematch but was unable to defeat him, despite assistance from Lori and Tyler.", "Skavadale claims to have no idea what Sandman is talking about. Before Sandman leaves, another member, a hot-head named Lord Robin Holloway, angrily declares that he is one of the elder Sandman's creditors, and challenges Sandman to a fencing duel. Sandman wins easily. Sandman reluctantly visits the home of Sir Henry Forrest. Sandman was engaged to Sir Henry's daughter, Eleanor, but his father's suicide and financial ruin intervened, and Lady Forrest insisted that the engagement be broken off. Because the Forrests\u2019 home is close to the Countess's, Sandman asks to question the servants, to see if any of them know Meg. Eleanor eagerly offers to question her own maid. At the Wheatsheaf, two of the Seraphim's Club's servants enter with pistols to try and kidnap Sandman. Rider bests them easily, but is then held at gunpoint by Sam Berrigan. Berrigan tells him that Lord Robin sent the two thugs, but Skavadale sent him. Sally enters and Berrigan is instantly taken with her. He puts away his pistol. Berrigan served with the 1st Foot Guards at Waterloo, in the same division as Sandman's regiment. He warmly shares his memory of Sandman's courage with Sally, though Sandman is embarrassed. Berrigan would rather warn Sandman off than kill him. He tells Sandman that the Seraphim Club is made up of young, aristocratic rakes who commit robbery, rape, and even the occasional murder, just for the fun of it. Servants like Berrigan clear up after them, which is why Berrigan doesn\u2019t think one of the Club killed the Countess. Alexander introduces Sandman to Lord Christopher Carne, the Earl of Avebury's son.", "Lori Fullington Lori Fullington (born May 17, 1967) is an American retired professional wrestling manager. She is best known for her appearances with Extreme Championship Wrestling under her real name and as Peaches. Fullington debuted in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) in the early 1990s under the ring name \"Peaches\" alongside her husband, The Sandman. In 1994, while temporarily blinded following a match, The Sandman inadvertently struck his wife. When The Sandman recovered and saw his tag team partner Tommy Cairo assisting Peaches to her feet, he attacked Cairo. The Sandman subsequently became estranged from his wife, and Peaches became the valet of Cairo. Cairo and Peaches faced The Sandman and Woman in an intergender \"Singapore Caning\" match on May 14. After the match, The Sandman and Woman attacked Cairo and Peaches. In late 1994, The Sandman was once again blinded after a lit cigarette was pushed into his eye during an \"I Quit\" match with Tommy Dreamer. The Sandman subsequently claimed that he would have to retire as a result, with Woman abandoning him as a result. During The Sandman's retirement ceremony at November to Remember, Peaches attempted to reconcile with him, but was caned by the returning Woman. Woman threatened The Sandman, drawing Dreamer to the ring, at which point The Sandman revealed that he was not in fact blinded and attacked Dreamer. Fullington, now using her real name, returned to ECW in 1996 during The Sandman's feud with Raven. Fullington and her son Tyler were brought in by booker Paul Heyman, who wanted to experiment with more soap operaesque storylines. In the course of the feud, Raven attempted to play mind games with The Sandman by brainwashing Lori to become part of his entourage Raven's Nest.", "After losing a match against Cairo, that led to Peaches hitting him with a strap profusely, Woman attacked Peaches and led her back to the ring where Sandman held her and Woman applied the strap to her skin before Cairo returned to save her. After this event Sandman adopted Woman as his new manager. In keeping with The Sandman's character, Woman would open his beers and light his cigarettes prior to matches. She began carrying a Singapore cane with which she would strike The Sandman's opponents. After Cairo insinuated that he was sleeping with Peaches, The Sandman stated that Cairo owed him \"$25 a romp\" and began demanding that Cairo \"pay your bills\". Following the highly publicized caning of Michael P. Fay in Singapore on May 5, 1994, Sandman adopted another defining attribute of his new gimmick as he began wielding a kendo stick, referred to as a Singapore cane, taking delight in caning other wrestlers such as rookie Tommy Dreamer or his \"estranged\" wife. Sandman and Woman faced Cairo and Lori in a mixed Singapore Caning match on May 14, 1994. After Cairo and Lori defeated their opponents, Lori caned Sandman's crotch until Woman threw salt in her eyes, enabling Sandman to regroup and use his cane on both Lori and Cairo. During a match against Tommy Dreamer, Sandman's valet: Woman attempted to attack Dreamer on his behalf when Dreamer planted a long kiss on her. After the match Sandman was told by Woman that Dreamer was with Cairo and that they were both sleeping with his wife, which enraged Sandman. Woman wanted to make Dreamer suffer and so lured Dreamer into a match with Sandman wherein whoever lost would have to receive 10 strikes from the other with a Singapore cane.", "On May 16, Sabu was released by WWE and soon after Rob Van Dam left to take a sabbatical from wrestling, leaving Sandman and Dreamer alone to feud with the New Breed. Sandman and Dreamer would team up with CM Punk on multiple occasions, who was also feuding with the New Breed. On the June 4 episode of \"ECW\", Sandman, Dreamer, and Balls Mahoney faced Bobby Lashley in a 3 on 1 Hardcore Handicap match, in which they were defeated. On June 17, 2007, Sandman was drafted to the Raw brand via the WWE Supplemental Draft. On the June 18 edition of \"Raw\", Sandman debuted, going after Carlito with his Singapore cane. On the July 2 edition of \"Raw\", Sandman had his first match on Raw, facing Carlito. Carlito won the match due to a disqualification when Sandman struck him with his cane after Carlito tried to use it on him. This started a feud between the two. Sandman did a similar thing next week when he lost to William Regal by disqualification, after hitting Regal and Carlito with his cane. The next week, Sandman faced Carlito again, this time winning when Regal attacked him. The Sandman was saved when Jim Duggan (who had a confrontation with Regal earlier that night) came down to the ring. At The Great American Bash he lost to Carlito in a Singapore Cane on a Pole match. The Sandman lost in a battle royal to determine the new General Manager of \"Raw\" where he was the last one eliminated by Regal who had faked an injury and was not in the match until Sandman was the only superstar in the ring; Regal then won after he snuck up on The Sandman and hit him in the back of the head with his boot."], "answer": {"text": "An acclaimed film noir-inspired retelling of the original Sandman's adventures, Sandman Mystery Theatre, ran from 1993-1998 under DC Comics' Vertigo mature-reader imprint.", "answer_start": 1023}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What comics did Sandman appear in during the Silver Age?", "answer": {"text": "In 1981 DC began publishing All-Star Squadron, a retelling of the Earth-Two mystery-men during WWII. Although not a main character, Sandman does appear in its pages.", "answer_start": 184, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other characters are in All-Star Squadron?", "answer": {"text": "Dian wore his costume while he was fighting elsewhere and she was killed in a fray. Dodds decided to wear the new costume,", "answer_start": 492, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other comics was he in?", "answer": {"text": "Justice League of America No. 46 (July 1966), the Sandman made occasional appearances in the annual teamups between that superhero group and the JSA.", "answer_start": 34, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who wrote the comics?", "answer": {"text": "Neil Gaiman (author of the Modern Age supernatural series The Sandman", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What powers or special skills did Sandman have?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e38d18bd71164013897e7c94546c66c1_0_q#7", "question": "Did Sandman belong to any groups or teams?", "rewrite": "Did Sandman belong to any groups or teams?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["After Dreamer handcuffed Raven to the cage, Tyler entered the ring and stood between Raven and The Sandman, preventing The Sandman from hitting Raven and allowing Raven's lackey, Super Nova, to free him. Despite Tyler's involvement, The Sandman was ultimately able to pin Raven and win the match. At \"The Doctor is In\" on August 3, 1996, Tyler again placed himself in front of Raven during his ECW World Heavyweight Championship title match with The Sandman, helping Raven pin The Sandman and retain the title. At \"Natural Born Killaz\" on August 24, 1996, The Sandman and Pitbull #2 defeated Raven and Shane Douglas in a dog collar match. Following the match, Tyler demanded that The Sandman give him his Singapore cane. After The Sandman acquiesced, Tyler and Raven each caned The Sandman. At \"High Incident\" on October 26, 1996, Tyler was involved in one of ECW's most controversial angles, with Raven's Nest \"crucifying\" The Sandman by tying him to a cross and placing a crown made of barbed wire on his head. The angle, which was widely criticised as being in poor taste, led to Olympic gold medalist Kurt Angle severing his links with ECW and delayed the promotion's debut on pay-per-view. On October 5, 1996 at Ultimate Jeopardy, The Sandman and Dreamer faced Lee and Richards in a tag team bout with Raven's ECW World Heavyweight Championship on the line (Raven was unable to compete). The Sandman pinned Richards to win the title. At November to Remember on November 16, 1995, Raven faced The Sandman in a rematch but was unable to defeat him, despite assistance from Lori and Tyler.", "Skavadale claims to have no idea what Sandman is talking about. Before Sandman leaves, another member, a hot-head named Lord Robin Holloway, angrily declares that he is one of the elder Sandman's creditors, and challenges Sandman to a fencing duel. Sandman wins easily. Sandman reluctantly visits the home of Sir Henry Forrest. Sandman was engaged to Sir Henry's daughter, Eleanor, but his father's suicide and financial ruin intervened, and Lady Forrest insisted that the engagement be broken off. Because the Forrests\u2019 home is close to the Countess's, Sandman asks to question the servants, to see if any of them know Meg. Eleanor eagerly offers to question her own maid. At the Wheatsheaf, two of the Seraphim's Club's servants enter with pistols to try and kidnap Sandman. Rider bests them easily, but is then held at gunpoint by Sam Berrigan. Berrigan tells him that Lord Robin sent the two thugs, but Skavadale sent him. Sally enters and Berrigan is instantly taken with her. He puts away his pistol. Berrigan served with the 1st Foot Guards at Waterloo, in the same division as Sandman's regiment. He warmly shares his memory of Sandman's courage with Sally, though Sandman is embarrassed. Berrigan would rather warn Sandman off than kill him. He tells Sandman that the Seraphim Club is made up of young, aristocratic rakes who commit robbery, rape, and even the occasional murder, just for the fun of it. Servants like Berrigan clear up after them, which is why Berrigan doesn\u2019t think one of the Club killed the Countess. Alexander introduces Sandman to Lord Christopher Carne, the Earl of Avebury's son.", "After losing the match Tommy began to take the strokes, when it became clear that Woman intention was to humiliate him by making him beg her for mercy, which he did not much to her chagrin and Dreamer was idolized by the fans for his resolve and the level of disdain for the Sandman was increased. This would prove to be a defining moment for both men and for ECW in years to come. In late 1994, The Sandman was once again ( kayfabe) blinded after a lit cigarette was pushed into his eye during an \"I Quit\" match with Tommy Dreamer. Woman blamed Sandman for the injury and abandoned him. The Sandman subsequently claimed that he would have to retire as a result, with Dreamer responding by dedicating the remainder of his career to The Sandman. Cairo began mocking The Sandman, which led to Dreamer heavily beating him during a match at November to Remember. At Sandman's retirement ceremony during the same event, an attempted reconciliation with Lori was interrupted by Woman, who caned Lori and threatened Sandman. As Dreamer came to the rescue, Sandman revealed that he was not in fact blinded and attacked Dreamer. The Sandman later revealed that his blinding had been an elaborate ruse concocted to trick Dreamer into hurting Cairo on his behalf. Sandman had to wrestle Dreamer again the following month when he and now reconciled partner Tommy Cairo, teamed up against Cactus Jack & Dreamer, but were defeated by the duo. Sandman challenged Shane Douglas for the ECW Championship in April 1995, but was attacked by his own valet, Woman, who helped Shane Douglas retain the title. In a rematch at Hostile City Showdown on April 15, 1995, Sandman faced Douglas (who had Woman in his corner) in a rematch.", "The Sandman Universe The Sandman Universe is a line of American comic books published by DC Comics under its imprints DC Vertigo and DC Black Label. The line launched to celebrate the 30th anniversary of Neil Gaiman's \"The Sandman\" (1989\u20141996) and Vertigo's 25th anniversary. \" The Sandman Universe\" began on August 8, 2018, with a titular one-shot, which was followed by four ongoing series\u2014\"House of Whispers\", \"Lucifer\", \"The Books of Magic\", and \"The Dreaming\". Each comic is overseen by Gaiman but written by new creative teams. \"The Sandman Universe\" celebrates the 30th anniversary of DC Comics' \"The Sandman\" and the 25th anniversary of the launch of the DC Vertigo imprint. The line was conceived and is overseen by the series' creator, Neil Gaiman, but produced by new creative teams. \" The Sandman Universe\" expands \"The Sandman\"s part of the DC Universe using new characters and concepts. The line was announced by \"Entertainment Weekly\" on March 1, 2018 and was accompanied by a trailer featuring Gaiman. It launched with the one-shot \"The Sandman Universe\" #1 on August 8, 2018, with the other series following on later dates. When asked why he returned to \"The Sandman\", Gaiman said he began to feel guilty that almost no one had been able to return the series since its conclusion and liked the idea of reviving it, as well as letting new writers play with his \"toys\". Gaiman assembled the writing team for the line with the Vertigo editorial team. Both parties suggested writers who they thought would be good for new \"Sandman\" stories. Samples by writers were then read by Gaiman, who decided whether or not they were proficient.", "Lori Fullington Lori Fullington (born May 17, 1967) is an American retired professional wrestling manager. She is best known for her appearances with Extreme Championship Wrestling under her real name and as Peaches. Fullington debuted in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) in the early 1990s under the ring name \"Peaches\" alongside her husband, The Sandman. In 1994, while temporarily blinded following a match, The Sandman inadvertently struck his wife. When The Sandman recovered and saw his tag team partner Tommy Cairo assisting Peaches to her feet, he attacked Cairo. The Sandman subsequently became estranged from his wife, and Peaches became the valet of Cairo. Cairo and Peaches faced The Sandman and Woman in an intergender \"Singapore Caning\" match on May 14. After the match, The Sandman and Woman attacked Cairo and Peaches. In late 1994, The Sandman was once again blinded after a lit cigarette was pushed into his eye during an \"I Quit\" match with Tommy Dreamer. The Sandman subsequently claimed that he would have to retire as a result, with Woman abandoning him as a result. During The Sandman's retirement ceremony at November to Remember, Peaches attempted to reconcile with him, but was caned by the returning Woman. Woman threatened The Sandman, drawing Dreamer to the ring, at which point The Sandman revealed that he was not in fact blinded and attacked Dreamer. Fullington, now using her real name, returned to ECW in 1996 during The Sandman's feud with Raven. Fullington and her son Tyler were brought in by booker Paul Heyman, who wanted to experiment with more soap operaesque storylines. In the course of the feud, Raven attempted to play mind games with The Sandman by brainwashing Lori to become part of his entourage Raven's Nest."], "answer": {"text": "the Sandman made occasional appearances in the annual teamups between that superhero group and the JSA.", "answer_start": 80}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What comics did Sandman appear in during the Silver Age?", "answer": {"text": "In 1981 DC began publishing All-Star Squadron, a retelling of the Earth-Two mystery-men during WWII. Although not a main character, Sandman does appear in its pages.", "answer_start": 184, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other characters are in All-Star Squadron?", "answer": {"text": "Dian wore his costume while he was fighting elsewhere and she was killed in a fray. Dodds decided to wear the new costume,", "answer_start": 492, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other comics was he in?", "answer": {"text": "Justice League of America No. 46 (July 1966), the Sandman made occasional appearances in the annual teamups between that superhero group and the JSA.", "answer_start": 34, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who wrote the comics?", "answer": {"text": "Neil Gaiman (author of the Modern Age supernatural series The Sandman", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What powers or special skills did Sandman have?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does his character appear in any movies?", "answer": {"text": "An acclaimed film noir-inspired retelling of the original Sandman's adventures, Sandman Mystery Theatre, ran from 1993-1998 under DC Comics' Vertigo mature-reader imprint.", "answer_start": 1023, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Sandman appear in any tv shows?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a67aa82ee2ac4b33aec4ff5a0c3908fd_1_q#0", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article on Evander Holyfield?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article on Evander Holyfield?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Greatest Heavyweights Greatest Heavyweights is a boxing video game that was published by Sega in 1994. It was released for the Sega Genesis console. It is a follow-up to \"Evander Holyfield's Real Deal Boxing\", and is virtually identical in many ways, apart from a number of significant improvements. The game features eight of the most famous and successful heavyweight boxers in history: Muhammad Ali, Jack Dempsey, Joe Frazier, Larry Holmes, Evander Holyfield, Joe Louis, Rocky Marciano, and Floyd Patterson. There are also a total of thirty other imaginary fighters present in the game. The cartridge supports the 6 button control pad (an improvement over the controller options of its predecessor). The gameplay of the game is very similar to that featured in \"Evander Holyfield's Real Deal Boxing\". Perhaps the most noticeable improvement is the speed of the game; it is significantly faster than the aforementioned title. The \"taunting\" feature is also improved; the phrases used are now more varied, because each of the boxers based on real-life fighters have their own set of taunts. Some of them reflect utterances actually spoken by them during their careers. Boxers will now also sometimes taunt their opponents before fights as well as during them. The game uses an identical 'attributes' system for each boxer to \"Evander Holyfield's Real Deal Boxing\", apart from one change: the attribute \"defense\" is no longer present. As with Evander Holyfield in the previously-mentioned game, the eight real-life fighters have maximum values on all of the attributes featured. Career mode is slightly altered, in that the player fights their way through the thirty imaginary boxers in the game, with the last of these fights being for the World Heavyweight Title.", "Evander Holyfield vs. Michael Moorer Evander Holyfield vs. Michael Moorer was a professional boxing match contested on April 22, 1994, for the WBA, IBF and \"Lineal\" Heavyweight Championships. After defeating Riddick Bowe in a closely contested rematch to regain his WBA, IBF and \"Lineal\" Heavyweight titles, Holyfield had hoped for a unification match with the WBC Heavyweight Champion Lennox Lewis. Instead, the WBA and IBF demanded Holyfield face the mandatory challenger, undefeated southpaw Michael Moorer. In a shocking upset, Moorer would defeat Holyfield via majority decision with judges Jerry Roth and Chuck Giampa giving Moorer the victory by the scores of 115\u2013114 and 116\u2013112 respectively, while Dalby Shirley scored the fight even at 114\u2013114. In the second round, Moorer was in control of the fight until Holyfield caught him with a left hook that dropped Moorer to the canvas. Though earning a knockdown would usually result in a round win for the fighter, judge Jerry Roth scored the round even at 10\u201310 instead of 10\u20139 which would have made the fight a majority draw in which Holyfield would have kept his titles. Holyfield's manager Shelly Finkel would protest the round, but the decision was upheld. Evander Holyfield was hospitalized after the fight for dehydration and a rotator-cuff injury. While at the hospital, a kidney bruise was found and he was given large amounts of liquid to help treat the injury. However, Holyfield was soon found to have a heart problem after his lungs filled due to his heart not being able to pump the fluids out. As a result, Holyfield announced his retirement only five days after the fight on April 27, 1994.", "Evander Holyfield vs. John Ruiz Evander Holyfield vs. John Ruiz, billed as \"Justice\", was a professional boxing match contested on August 12, 2000 for the WBA Heavyweight Championship. After Lennox Lewis defeated Evander Holyfield at the second attempt to become the undisputed heavyweight champion, the WBA ordered Lewis to face its top contender John Ruiz, where as Lewis wanted to first defend his titles against WBC and IBF number two contender Michael Grant. The WBA and Lewis agreed that he would fight Grant first followed by Ruiz. Ruiz's promoter Don King challenged the decision in court and a clause was found in Lewis' contract that stated the winner of the Holyfield\u2013Lewis fight would first defend his titles against the WBA's number one contender. Because of this, Lewis was stripped of his WBA title. The WBA chose Holyfield to face Ruiz for the vacant WBA Heavyweight title. Ruiz was aggressive throughout the fight landing many effective jabs, and except for late in the third round, he was never really in any serious trouble from Holyfield. Judges Duane Ford and Dave Moretti scored the fight 114-113, while Judge Fernando Viso scored it 116-112 giving Evander Holyfield victory by unanimous decision to become the first boxer in history to be the World Heavyweight Champion four times. The decision was controversial as many observers and boxing reporters felt that the underdog Ruiz had done enough to win. In interviews after the fight Ruiz said \"It was highway robbery without a gun... I won the fight and he knows I won the fight... I had control of the fight. I am very surprised by the judges' decision. I don't know what fight they saw. \" Showtime commentators described the decision as \"absurd\" and \"ridiculous\". Due to this controversial decision, an immediate rematch was ordered to take place in early 2001", "Evander Holyfield vs. Vaughn Bean Evander Holyfield vs. Vaughn Bean, billed as \"The Power and the Glory\", was a professional boxing match contested on September 19, 1998 for the WBA and IBF heavyweight titles. WBA and IBF heavyweight champion Evander Holyfield had embarked on one of the more successful comebacks in boxing history. Holyfield had lost two of his last four fights before landing a WBA heavyweight title shot against Mike Tyson. Though Holyfield came into the fight as an overwhelming underdog (Odds opened at 28\u20131 in favor of Tyson before dropping to 6\u20131 by the time of the fight) Holyfield was able to score one of the biggest upset victories in the history of the sport after defeating Tyson in the 11th round by technical knockout. In 1997, Holyfield would successfully defend his newly won title after Tyson was disqualified for biting both of his ears. After that, Holyfield agreed to a unification match with IBF heavyweight champion Michael Moorer, who had previously defeated Holyfield over three years prior to capture the WBA and IBF titles. Hoylfield would avenge his previous loss to Moorer, gaining five knockdowns over him before the fight was stopped after the eighth round. With Holyfield now once again in possession of two of boxing's major heavyweight titles, talks for a unification match with Lennox Lewis, who held the WBC heavyweight title, began. However, the two sides were unable to reach a deal and Lewis moved on to face lineal heavyweight champion Shannon Briggs Left with little choice, Holyfield was matched up against the WBA's number one contender and mandatory challenger Henry Akinwande. Before the match could take place, Akinwande was diagnosed with hepatitis B and the bout was postponed and eventually cancelled.", "Nikolai Valuev vs. Evander Holyfield Nikolai Valuev vs. Evander Holyfield was a professional boxing match contested on December 20, 2008 for the WBA heavyweight championship. After only winning two of his last nine fights, including a three fight losing streak at the end (going 2\u20135\u20132 from 1999 to 2004), four-time heavyweight champion Evander Holyfield was suspended indefinitely by the New York State Athletic Commission amid health concerns following a poor performance against Larry Donald in which the then 42-year-old Holyfield was nearly swept by Donald on all three judge's scorecards. Following the suspension, Holyfield was out of boxing for 21 months before announcing his return in June 2006 to take on Jeremy Bates in August of that year. Holyfield would win the first four fights of his comeback and eventually landed a world title shot against WBO heavyweight champion Sultan Ibragimov on October 13, 2007, but lost by a lopsided unanimous decision. Holyfield would take a year-long layoff, but eventually accepted an offer from WBA heavyweight Nikolai Valuev to challenge him for the title on December 20, 2008. Valuev was in his second reign as WBA heavyweight champion, having defeated John Ruiz to claim the vacant title in his previous fight. As in virtually every fight he had been in, the 7 foot, 310-pound Valuev had a distinct size advantage as he was ten inches taller and nearly 100 pounds heavier than Holyfield. Holyfield accepted a pay day of around $700,000, his lowest purse for a heavyweight title fight and a far cry from the record $35 million he had earned for his second fight against Mike Tyson. This would mark the first time Holyfield had contested the WBA belt since his third fight with John Ruiz in 2001."], "answer": {"text": "Tyrone Booze, moved up to the cruiserweight division for their fight on July 20, 1985,", "answer_start": 31}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a67aa82ee2ac4b33aec4ff5a0c3908fd_1_q#3", "question": "Did he win that fight?", "rewrite": "Did Evander Holyfield win the fight against Tyrone Booze?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Tyrone Booze Tyrone Booze (born February 12, 1959) is an American retired boxer who held the WBO cruiserweight championship from 1992 to 1993. Booze became a professional boxer in 1982 and had mixed success during his early career. He had early losses in the 1980s to Evander Holyfield, Eddie Mustafa Muhammad, Johnny DuPlooy, Bert Cooper, Dwight Braxton (to be known as Dwight Muhammad Qawi), and Henry Tillman. In 1990 he lost to Nate Miller for the North American Boxing Federation cruiserweight title by a unanimous decision. After winning one fight he then challenged Magne Havnaa in 1991 for the WBO cruiserweight title. He lost a twelve-round split decision. When Havnaa relinquished his title, Booze knocked out Derek Angol on July 25, 1992 at G-Mex Centre, Manchester, England to win the vacant WBO title. He defended the belt once, against Ralf Rocchigiani. On February 13, 1993, Markus Bott defeated Booze by a unanimous decision to take the title. Booze did not fight for a title again and retired in 1998 after losing to Jesse Ferguson. On September 19, 2011, Tyrone Booze and Super Bowl XXXVII MVP Dexter Jackson began a new radio show called \"All Sports\" with Randy Harris on Clearwater, Florida's WTAN AM 1340. The show is also aired on WDCF, WZHR and online on the Talking Sports Network.", "Nikolai Valuev vs. Evander Holyfield Nikolai Valuev vs. Evander Holyfield was a professional boxing match contested on December 20, 2008 for the WBA heavyweight championship. After only winning two of his last nine fights, including a three fight losing streak at the end (going 2\u20135\u20132 from 1999 to 2004), four-time heavyweight champion Evander Holyfield was suspended indefinitely by the New York State Athletic Commission amid health concerns following a poor performance against Larry Donald in which the then 42-year-old Holyfield was nearly swept by Donald on all three judge's scorecards. Following the suspension, Holyfield was out of boxing for 21 months before announcing his return in June 2006 to take on Jeremy Bates in August of that year. Holyfield would win the first four fights of his comeback and eventually landed a world title shot against WBO heavyweight champion Sultan Ibragimov on October 13, 2007, but lost by a lopsided unanimous decision. Holyfield would take a year-long layoff, but eventually accepted an offer from WBA heavyweight Nikolai Valuev to challenge him for the title on December 20, 2008. Valuev was in his second reign as WBA heavyweight champion, having defeated John Ruiz to claim the vacant title in his previous fight. As in virtually every fight he had been in, the 7 foot, 310-pound Valuev had a distinct size advantage as he was ten inches taller and nearly 100 pounds heavier than Holyfield. Holyfield accepted a pay day of around $700,000, his lowest purse for a heavyweight title fight and a far cry from the record $35 million he had earned for his second fight against Mike Tyson. This would mark the first time Holyfield had contested the WBA belt since his third fight with John Ruiz in 2001.", "Evander Holyfield vs. Michael Moorer Evander Holyfield vs. Michael Moorer was a professional boxing match contested on April 22, 1994, for the WBA, IBF and \"Lineal\" Heavyweight Championships. After defeating Riddick Bowe in a closely contested rematch to regain his WBA, IBF and \"Lineal\" Heavyweight titles, Holyfield had hoped for a unification match with the WBC Heavyweight Champion Lennox Lewis. Instead, the WBA and IBF demanded Holyfield face the mandatory challenger, undefeated southpaw Michael Moorer. In a shocking upset, Moorer would defeat Holyfield via majority decision with judges Jerry Roth and Chuck Giampa giving Moorer the victory by the scores of 115\u2013114 and 116\u2013112 respectively, while Dalby Shirley scored the fight even at 114\u2013114. In the second round, Moorer was in control of the fight until Holyfield caught him with a left hook that dropped Moorer to the canvas. Though earning a knockdown would usually result in a round win for the fighter, judge Jerry Roth scored the round even at 10\u201310 instead of 10\u20139 which would have made the fight a majority draw in which Holyfield would have kept his titles. Holyfield's manager Shelly Finkel would protest the round, but the decision was upheld. Evander Holyfield was hospitalized after the fight for dehydration and a rotator-cuff injury. While at the hospital, a kidney bruise was found and he was given large amounts of liquid to help treat the injury. However, Holyfield was soon found to have a heart problem after his lungs filled due to his heart not being able to pump the fluids out. As a result, Holyfield announced his retirement only five days after the fight on April 27, 1994.", "Bert Cooper Bertram Cooper (January 10, 1966 \u2013 May 10, 2019), nicknamed Smokin' Bert Cooper, was an American heavyweight boxer. He fought Evander Holyfield, George Foreman, Riddick Bowe, Michael Moorer, Chris Byrd, Ray Mercer, and Corrie Sanders, among others. Cooper challenged three times for a world title, and was known for being in several wild brawls in the 1990s, specifically his two world title bouts with Holyfield and Moorer. Cooper came out of Philadelphia and was trained in his early years by ex-champ Joe Frazier, and rose in the rankings with a series of explosive knockouts in the Cruiserweight division. Unable to get a world title shot despite winning the NABF belt and defeating Olympic gold medallist Henry Tillman and future world champion Tyrone Booze , he began boxing in the heavyweight division, knocking out Willie DeWitt in 2 rounds but being stopped in 8 rounds by No. 1 ranked heavyweight contender Carl \"The Truth\" Williams and in 2 rounds by George Foreman. In 1990, having failed to secure a cruiserweight world title fight, Cooper moved to heavyweight permanently, knocking out top 5-ranked Orlin Norris and claiming his NABF title. He lost the title in his first defense, outpointed over 12 by undefeated Olympic gold medallist Ray Mercer in an explosive brawl. Later the same year he was KO'd in 2 rounds by fast-rising Riddick Bowe and his career looked over. However Cooper bounced back in 1991, stopping Joe Hipp in 5 rounds then being matched on short notice with Evander Holyfield for the undisputed heavyweight championship after two opponents dropped out. Cooper came off the floor in the first round to stun Holyfield in the 3rd round, the two exchanging big blows before the referee Mills Lane stopped the fight in the 7th.", "Evander Holyfield vs. John Ruiz Evander Holyfield vs. John Ruiz, billed as \"Justice\", was a professional boxing match contested on August 12, 2000 for the WBA Heavyweight Championship. After Lennox Lewis defeated Evander Holyfield at the second attempt to become the undisputed heavyweight champion, the WBA ordered Lewis to face its top contender John Ruiz, where as Lewis wanted to first defend his titles against WBC and IBF number two contender Michael Grant. The WBA and Lewis agreed that he would fight Grant first followed by Ruiz. Ruiz's promoter Don King challenged the decision in court and a clause was found in Lewis' contract that stated the winner of the Holyfield\u2013Lewis fight would first defend his titles against the WBA's number one contender. Because of this, Lewis was stripped of his WBA title. The WBA chose Holyfield to face Ruiz for the vacant WBA Heavyweight title. Ruiz was aggressive throughout the fight landing many effective jabs, and except for late in the third round, he was never really in any serious trouble from Holyfield. Judges Duane Ford and Dave Moretti scored the fight 114-113, while Judge Fernando Viso scored it 116-112 giving Evander Holyfield victory by unanimous decision to become the first boxer in history to be the World Heavyweight Champion four times. The decision was controversial as many observers and boxing reporters felt that the underdog Ruiz had done enough to win. In interviews after the fight Ruiz said \"It was highway robbery without a gun... I won the fight and he knows I won the fight... I had control of the fight. I am very surprised by the judges' decision. I don't know what fight they saw. \" Showtime commentators described the decision as \"absurd\" and \"ridiculous\". Due to this controversial decision, an immediate rematch was ordered to take place in early 2001"], "answer": {"text": "won", "answer_start": 150}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article on Evander Holyfield?", "answer": {"text": "Tyrone Booze, moved up to the cruiserweight division for their fight on July 20, 1985,", "answer_start": 31, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did we increase his weight?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Cruiserweight is defined as what?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a67aa82ee2ac4b33aec4ff5a0c3908fd_1_q#4", "question": "How many rounds ?", "rewrite": "How many rounds did the fight between Evander Holyfield and Tyrone Booze take?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tyrone Booze Tyrone Booze (born February 12, 1959) is an American retired boxer who held the WBO cruiserweight championship from 1992 to 1993. Booze became a professional boxer in 1982 and had mixed success during his early career. He had early losses in the 1980s to Evander Holyfield, Eddie Mustafa Muhammad, Johnny DuPlooy, Bert Cooper, Dwight Braxton (to be known as Dwight Muhammad Qawi), and Henry Tillman. In 1990 he lost to Nate Miller for the North American Boxing Federation cruiserweight title by a unanimous decision. After winning one fight he then challenged Magne Havnaa in 1991 for the WBO cruiserweight title. He lost a twelve-round split decision. When Havnaa relinquished his title, Booze knocked out Derek Angol on July 25, 1992 at G-Mex Centre, Manchester, England to win the vacant WBO title. He defended the belt once, against Ralf Rocchigiani. On February 13, 1993, Markus Bott defeated Booze by a unanimous decision to take the title. Booze did not fight for a title again and retired in 1998 after losing to Jesse Ferguson. On September 19, 2011, Tyrone Booze and Super Bowl XXXVII MVP Dexter Jackson began a new radio show called \"All Sports\" with Randy Harris on Clearwater, Florida's WTAN AM 1340. The show is also aired on WDCF, WZHR and online on the Talking Sports Network.", "Evander Holyfield vs. John Ruiz Evander Holyfield vs. John Ruiz, billed as \"Justice\", was a professional boxing match contested on August 12, 2000 for the WBA Heavyweight Championship. After Lennox Lewis defeated Evander Holyfield at the second attempt to become the undisputed heavyweight champion, the WBA ordered Lewis to face its top contender John Ruiz, where as Lewis wanted to first defend his titles against WBC and IBF number two contender Michael Grant. The WBA and Lewis agreed that he would fight Grant first followed by Ruiz. Ruiz's promoter Don King challenged the decision in court and a clause was found in Lewis' contract that stated the winner of the Holyfield\u2013Lewis fight would first defend his titles against the WBA's number one contender. Because of this, Lewis was stripped of his WBA title. The WBA chose Holyfield to face Ruiz for the vacant WBA Heavyweight title. Ruiz was aggressive throughout the fight landing many effective jabs, and except for late in the third round, he was never really in any serious trouble from Holyfield. Judges Duane Ford and Dave Moretti scored the fight 114-113, while Judge Fernando Viso scored it 116-112 giving Evander Holyfield victory by unanimous decision to become the first boxer in history to be the World Heavyweight Champion four times. The decision was controversial as many observers and boxing reporters felt that the underdog Ruiz had done enough to win. In interviews after the fight Ruiz said \"It was highway robbery without a gun... I won the fight and he knows I won the fight... I had control of the fight. I am very surprised by the judges' decision. I don't know what fight they saw. \" Showtime commentators described the decision as \"absurd\" and \"ridiculous\". Due to this controversial decision, an immediate rematch was ordered to take place in early 2001", "Bert Cooper Bertram Cooper (January 10, 1966 \u2013 May 10, 2019), nicknamed Smokin' Bert Cooper, was an American heavyweight boxer. He fought Evander Holyfield, George Foreman, Riddick Bowe, Michael Moorer, Chris Byrd, Ray Mercer, and Corrie Sanders, among others. Cooper challenged three times for a world title, and was known for being in several wild brawls in the 1990s, specifically his two world title bouts with Holyfield and Moorer. Cooper came out of Philadelphia and was trained in his early years by ex-champ Joe Frazier, and rose in the rankings with a series of explosive knockouts in the Cruiserweight division. Unable to get a world title shot despite winning the NABF belt and defeating Olympic gold medallist Henry Tillman and future world champion Tyrone Booze , he began boxing in the heavyweight division, knocking out Willie DeWitt in 2 rounds but being stopped in 8 rounds by No. 1 ranked heavyweight contender Carl \"The Truth\" Williams and in 2 rounds by George Foreman. In 1990, having failed to secure a cruiserweight world title fight, Cooper moved to heavyweight permanently, knocking out top 5-ranked Orlin Norris and claiming his NABF title. He lost the title in his first defense, outpointed over 12 by undefeated Olympic gold medallist Ray Mercer in an explosive brawl. Later the same year he was KO'd in 2 rounds by fast-rising Riddick Bowe and his career looked over. However Cooper bounced back in 1991, stopping Joe Hipp in 5 rounds then being matched on short notice with Evander Holyfield for the undisputed heavyweight championship after two opponents dropped out. Cooper came off the floor in the first round to stun Holyfield in the 3rd round, the two exchanging big blows before the referee Mills Lane stopped the fight in the 7th.", "Nikolai Valuev vs. Evander Holyfield Nikolai Valuev vs. Evander Holyfield was a professional boxing match contested on December 20, 2008 for the WBA heavyweight championship. After only winning two of his last nine fights, including a three fight losing streak at the end (going 2\u20135\u20132 from 1999 to 2004), four-time heavyweight champion Evander Holyfield was suspended indefinitely by the New York State Athletic Commission amid health concerns following a poor performance against Larry Donald in which the then 42-year-old Holyfield was nearly swept by Donald on all three judge's scorecards. Following the suspension, Holyfield was out of boxing for 21 months before announcing his return in June 2006 to take on Jeremy Bates in August of that year. Holyfield would win the first four fights of his comeback and eventually landed a world title shot against WBO heavyweight champion Sultan Ibragimov on October 13, 2007, but lost by a lopsided unanimous decision. Holyfield would take a year-long layoff, but eventually accepted an offer from WBA heavyweight Nikolai Valuev to challenge him for the title on December 20, 2008. Valuev was in his second reign as WBA heavyweight champion, having defeated John Ruiz to claim the vacant title in his previous fight. As in virtually every fight he had been in, the 7 foot, 310-pound Valuev had a distinct size advantage as he was ten inches taller and nearly 100 pounds heavier than Holyfield. Holyfield accepted a pay day of around $700,000, his lowest purse for a heavyweight title fight and a far cry from the record $35 million he had earned for his second fight against Mike Tyson. This would mark the first time Holyfield had contested the WBA belt since his third fight with John Ruiz in 2001.", "Evander Holyfield vs. Michael Moorer Evander Holyfield vs. Michael Moorer was a professional boxing match contested on April 22, 1994, for the WBA, IBF and \"Lineal\" Heavyweight Championships. After defeating Riddick Bowe in a closely contested rematch to regain his WBA, IBF and \"Lineal\" Heavyweight titles, Holyfield had hoped for a unification match with the WBC Heavyweight Champion Lennox Lewis. Instead, the WBA and IBF demanded Holyfield face the mandatory challenger, undefeated southpaw Michael Moorer. In a shocking upset, Moorer would defeat Holyfield via majority decision with judges Jerry Roth and Chuck Giampa giving Moorer the victory by the scores of 115\u2013114 and 116\u2013112 respectively, while Dalby Shirley scored the fight even at 114\u2013114. In the second round, Moorer was in control of the fight until Holyfield caught him with a left hook that dropped Moorer to the canvas. Though earning a knockdown would usually result in a round win for the fighter, judge Jerry Roth scored the round even at 10\u201310 instead of 10\u20139 which would have made the fight a majority draw in which Holyfield would have kept his titles. Holyfield's manager Shelly Finkel would protest the round, but the decision was upheld. Evander Holyfield was hospitalized after the fight for dehydration and a rotator-cuff injury. While at the hospital, a kidney bruise was found and he was given large amounts of liquid to help treat the injury. However, Holyfield was soon found to have a heart problem after his lungs filled due to his heart not being able to pump the fluids out. As a result, Holyfield announced his retirement only five days after the fight on April 27, 1994."], "answer": {"text": "eight-round decision over Booze.", "answer_start": 157}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article on Evander Holyfield?", "answer": {"text": "Tyrone Booze, moved up to the cruiserweight division for their fight on July 20, 1985,", "answer_start": 31, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did we increase his weight?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Cruiserweight is defined as what?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win that fight?", "answer": {"text": "won", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1951db25f6204288ab8deda833d0c6de_1_q#0", "question": "What is something interesting about Bob Clampett's later career?", "rewrite": "What is something interesting about Bob Clampett's later career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Bob Clampett Show The Bob Clampett Show is an animation anthology television program which ran from 2000 to 2001. Produced by the Cartoon Network, it features animated theatrical shorts from the Warner Bros. library that were animated or directed by Bob Clampett, as well as a selection of shorts from the \"Beany and Cecil\" animated television series. It originally aired on Cartoon Network, then reran on Adult Swim due to the politically incorrect content of some of the shorts. Twenty-six episodes were made in all. This is Cartoon Network's only animated anthology show to air uncut \"Looney Tunes\" cartoons, as well as shorts such as \"Russian Rhapsody\" and \"Bacall to Arms\" that normally do not air on American television due to controversial content. The show's opening title sequence was nominated for an Annie Award in 2000 in the category \"Outstanding Achievement in An Animated Special Project\", but it lost to \"The Scooby-Doo Project\". \"All shorts featured this season were produced by Warner Bros.\" \"This season features a mix between Warner Bros. shorts and \"Beany & Cecil\" shorts. All \"Beany & Cecil\" shorts are marked with an asterisk (*), otherwise all shorts are produced by Warner Bros.\"", "Beany and Cecil Beany and Cecil is an animated television series created by Bob Clampett for the American Broadcasting Company. The cartoon was based on the television puppet show \"Time for Beany\", which Clampett produced for Paramount Pictures company and its Paramount Television Network beginning 1949. The series was broadcast first as part of the series \"Matty's Funday Funnies\" during 1959, later renamed \"Matty's Funnies with Beany and Cecil\", and finally \"Beany and Cecil\" in the USA. Another season was produced during 1988. Although a children's show, it incorporated satirical references to current events and personalities that adults found entertaining, and the show also attracted adult viewers. Some of the plots and remarks were recognisable as lampoons of current political issues. Along with \"The Jetsons\" and \"The Flintstones\", it was one of the first three color television series by the ABC television network (the initial season, though, was originally shown in black and white, as ABC was unable to broadcast color programs until September 1962). \"Beany and Cecil\" was created by animator Bob Clampett after he quit Warner Bros., where he had been directing short cartoon movies. Clampett allegedly originated the idea for Cecil when he was a boy after seeing the top half of the dinosaur swimming from the water at the end of the 1925 movie \"The Lost World\". Clampett originally created the idea as a television series named \"Time for Beany\", which was broadcast from February 28, 1949 to 1955. \"Time for Beany\", based on puppets, featured the talents of veteran voice actors Stan Freberg as Cecil and Dishonest John, and Daws Butler as Beany and Uncle Captain. Clampett revived the series in animated form, though Freberg and Butler did not reprise their roles.", "In 1946 after Warner Bros. bought out Leon Schlesinger, his key executives Henry Binder and Ray Katz went to Screen Gems and took Clampett with them. Clampett worked for a time at Screen Gems, then the cartoon division of Columbia Pictures, as a screenwriter and gag writer. In 1947 Republic Pictures incorporated animation (by Walter Lantz) into its Gene Autry feature film Sioux City Sue. It turned out well enough for Republic to dabble in animated cartoons; Bob Clampett directed a single cartoon, It's a Grand Old Nag, featuring the equine character Charlie Horse. Republic management, however, had second thoughts due to dwindling profits, and discontinued the series. Clampett took his direction credit under the name \"Kilroy\". In 1949, Clampett turned his attentions to television, where he created the famous puppet show Time for Beany. The show, featuring the talents of voice artists Stan Freberg and Daws Butler, would earn Clampett three Emmys. Groucho Marx and Albert Einstein were both fans of the series. In 1952, he created the Thunderbolt the Wondercolt television series and the 3D prologue to Bwana Devil featuring Beany and Cecil. In 1954, he directed Willy the Wolf (the first puppet variety show on television), as well as creating and voicing the lead in the Buffalo Billy television show. In the late 1950s, Clampett was hired by Associated Artists Productions to catalog the pre-August 1948 Warner cartoons it had just acquired. He also created an animated version of the puppet show called Beany and Cecil, whose 26 half-hour episodes were first broadcast on ABC in 1962 and were rerun on the network for five years. In his later years, Bob Clampett toured college campuses and animation festivals as a lecturer on the history of animation.", "Bacall to Arms Bacall to Arms is a 1946 Warner Bros. cartoon in the Merrie Melodies series, co-planned by Bob Clampett, in his second-to-last cartoon at Warner Bros. (\"The Big Snooze\" would be the last) and Tex Avery, finished by Arthur Davis and supervised by Friz Freleng. Neither Clampett (he was left uncredited because he had left the studio before the cartoon was released) nor voice characterizations are credited. Mel Blanc's voice is recognizable as a fat theater patron, a husband in a newsreel, and the wolf's vocal effects. Impressionist Dave Barry portrays the voice of Humphrey Bogart while June Foray voices Lauren Bacall. The title refers both to Hemingway's \"A Farewell to Arms\" and actress Lauren Bacall, whose acclaimed film debut was in \"To Have and Have Not\", based on another Hemingway novel, as well as a play on the term \"A Call to Arms\". Bob Clampett started his directing career with black-and-white animated shorts for the Looney Tunes series, this phase of his career lasting from 1937 to 1941. In 1941, fellow director Tex Avery departed the Warner Bros. Cartoons studio. Clampett replaced Avery as the head of a unit producing films for the Merrie Melodies series, while Norman McCabe took over Clampett's former unit. The chief animator of Clampett's new unit was Robert McKimson. The cartoon is set in a movie theater. Various random gags occur before the film, such as one patron moving to another seat, another patron taking the vacated seat, and so on, accelerating into a free-for-all. A wolf makes a pass at a sexy movie usherette, gets slapped in the face, then settles down for the show.", "Clampett also made sure to include his name in the lyrics of the often-repeated B&C theme song to gain more recognition with viewers and from the animation industry. Clampett finally got the rights from ABC to market his Beany and Cecil cartoons by video during the 1980s. The entire series was released on VHS and Betamax as thirteen volumes (each containing two episodes) by RCA Columbia Pictures Home Video during 1984, with the final releases issued by their \"Magic Window\" children's subsidiary imprint. Image Entertainment released \"Bob Clampett's Beany and Cecil the Special Edition\" DVD in 2000, with 12 cartoon shorts and various show bumpers remastered from their original 35mm camera negatives. Bonus features included four complete episodes of \"Time for Beany\", audio tracks of original story sessions, backstage footage, lost animated works from Bob Clampett's studio, and a still gallery. After a considerable delay, Volume 2 was released by Hen's Tooth Entertainment during 2009, containing 11 cartoon shorts, plus two more \"Time for Beany\" episodes, archival audio interviews with Bob Clampett, video interviews with celebrity fans of the series as well as animator Bill Melendez, original bumpers from \"Matty's Funday Funnies\" and other special features. To date, the entire cartoon collection has not been released on DVD or Blu-Ray disc, nor has it been made available for digital download."], "answer": {"text": "Clampett turned his attentions to television, where he created the famous puppet show Time for Beany.", "answer_start": 744}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1951db25f6204288ab8deda833d0c6de_1_q#1", "question": "how did this show do?", "rewrite": "How did Bob Clampett's show, Time for Beany do?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The New Adventures of Beany and Cecil The New Adventures of Beany and Cecil was a revival of Bob Clampett's \"Beany and Cecil\". It was produced in 1988 by DIC Animation City and Sp\u00fcmc\u00f8 (which is the studio's first animated series). Only eight episodes were produced, five which aired during its original run. This incarnation of the show was produced and directed by John Kricfalusi. ABC had been negotiating for the production of the show with the Clampett family, who insisted that John Kricfalusi would be part of the production. The long negotiations delayed the start of production to mid-July, causing much of the animation to be rushed in order to meet the September deadline. Tensions rose between Kricfalusi and ABC over the tone of the show, leading to an uncomfortable atmosphere for the show's crew. The more ABC strove to soften the show, the more Kricfalusi pushed for shocking and offensive material. The Clampett family were ultimately not very happy with the cartoon, but remained supportive of Kricfalusi. ABC cancelled the show after a handful of episodes as they found the humor not suitable for children's programming. As a result, ABC replaced it with \"The Flintstone Kids\". Eight episodes were made, but only the first five were broadcast:", "The Bob Clampett Show The Bob Clampett Show is an animation anthology television program which ran from 2000 to 2001. Produced by the Cartoon Network, it features animated theatrical shorts from the Warner Bros. library that were animated or directed by Bob Clampett, as well as a selection of shorts from the \"Beany and Cecil\" animated television series. It originally aired on Cartoon Network, then reran on Adult Swim due to the politically incorrect content of some of the shorts. Twenty-six episodes were made in all. This is Cartoon Network's only animated anthology show to air uncut \"Looney Tunes\" cartoons, as well as shorts such as \"Russian Rhapsody\" and \"Bacall to Arms\" that normally do not air on American television due to controversial content. The show's opening title sequence was nominated for an Annie Award in 2000 in the category \"Outstanding Achievement in An Animated Special Project\", but it lost to \"The Scooby-Doo Project\". \"All shorts featured this season were produced by Warner Bros.\" \"This season features a mix between Warner Bros. shorts and \"Beany & Cecil\" shorts. All \"Beany & Cecil\" shorts are marked with an asterisk (*), otherwise all shorts are produced by Warner Bros.\"", "Clampett also made sure to include his name in the lyrics of the often-repeated B&C theme song to gain more recognition with viewers and from the animation industry. Clampett finally got the rights from ABC to market his Beany and Cecil cartoons by video during the 1980s. The entire series was released on VHS and Betamax as thirteen volumes (each containing two episodes) by RCA Columbia Pictures Home Video during 1984, with the final releases issued by their \"Magic Window\" children's subsidiary imprint. Image Entertainment released \"Bob Clampett's Beany and Cecil the Special Edition\" DVD in 2000, with 12 cartoon shorts and various show bumpers remastered from their original 35mm camera negatives. Bonus features included four complete episodes of \"Time for Beany\", audio tracks of original story sessions, backstage footage, lost animated works from Bob Clampett's studio, and a still gallery. After a considerable delay, Volume 2 was released by Hen's Tooth Entertainment during 2009, containing 11 cartoon shorts, plus two more \"Time for Beany\" episodes, archival audio interviews with Bob Clampett, video interviews with celebrity fans of the series as well as animator Bill Melendez, original bumpers from \"Matty's Funday Funnies\" and other special features. To date, the entire cartoon collection has not been released on DVD or Blu-Ray disc, nor has it been made available for digital download.", "In 1946 after Warner Bros. bought out Leon Schlesinger, his key executives Henry Binder and Ray Katz went to Screen Gems and took Clampett with them. Clampett worked for a time at Screen Gems, then the cartoon division of Columbia Pictures, as a screenwriter and gag writer. In 1947 Republic Pictures incorporated animation (by Walter Lantz) into its Gene Autry feature film Sioux City Sue. It turned out well enough for Republic to dabble in animated cartoons; Bob Clampett directed a single cartoon, It's a Grand Old Nag, featuring the equine character Charlie Horse. Republic management, however, had second thoughts due to dwindling profits, and discontinued the series. Clampett took his direction credit under the name \"Kilroy\". In 1949, Clampett turned his attentions to television, where he created the famous puppet show Time for Beany. The show, featuring the talents of voice artists Stan Freberg and Daws Butler, would earn Clampett three Emmys. Groucho Marx and Albert Einstein were both fans of the series. In 1952, he created the Thunderbolt the Wondercolt television series and the 3D prologue to Bwana Devil featuring Beany and Cecil. In 1954, he directed Willy the Wolf (the first puppet variety show on television), as well as creating and voicing the lead in the Buffalo Billy television show. In the late 1950s, Clampett was hired by Associated Artists Productions to catalog the pre-August 1948 Warner cartoons it had just acquired. He also created an animated version of the puppet show called Beany and Cecil, whose 26 half-hour episodes were first broadcast on ABC in 1962 and were rerun on the network for five years. In his later years, Bob Clampett toured college campuses and animation festivals as a lecturer on the history of animation.", "Beany and Cecil Beany and Cecil is an animated television series created by Bob Clampett for the American Broadcasting Company. The cartoon was based on the television puppet show \"Time for Beany\", which Clampett produced for Paramount Pictures company and its Paramount Television Network beginning 1949. The series was broadcast first as part of the series \"Matty's Funday Funnies\" during 1959, later renamed \"Matty's Funnies with Beany and Cecil\", and finally \"Beany and Cecil\" in the USA. Another season was produced during 1988. Although a children's show, it incorporated satirical references to current events and personalities that adults found entertaining, and the show also attracted adult viewers. Some of the plots and remarks were recognisable as lampoons of current political issues. Along with \"The Jetsons\" and \"The Flintstones\", it was one of the first three color television series by the ABC television network (the initial season, though, was originally shown in black and white, as ABC was unable to broadcast color programs until September 1962). \"Beany and Cecil\" was created by animator Bob Clampett after he quit Warner Bros., where he had been directing short cartoon movies. Clampett allegedly originated the idea for Cecil when he was a boy after seeing the top half of the dinosaur swimming from the water at the end of the 1925 movie \"The Lost World\". Clampett originally created the idea as a television series named \"Time for Beany\", which was broadcast from February 28, 1949 to 1955. \"Time for Beany\", based on puppets, featured the talents of veteran voice actors Stan Freberg as Cecil and Dishonest John, and Daws Butler as Beany and Uncle Captain. Clampett revived the series in animated form, though Freberg and Butler did not reprise their roles."], "answer": {"text": "would earn Clampett three Emmys.", "answer_start": 925}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is something interesting about Bob Clampett's later career?", "answer": {"text": "Clampett turned his attentions to television, where he created the famous puppet show Time for Beany.", "answer_start": 744, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1951db25f6204288ab8deda833d0c6de_1_q#2", "question": "was the show successful?", "rewrite": "Was Time for Beany successful?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Lenora Mattingly Weber Lenora Mattingly Weber (1895\u20131971) was an American author of short stories and novels. Lenora Mattingly was born in Dawn, Missouri on October 1, 1895, and lived most of her life in Denver, Colorado. She married Albert Herman Weber in 1916 and was the mother of six children. Al Weber died in 1945. Throughout her long life, Weber consistently wrote. Her first book, \"Wind on the Prairie\", was published by Little, Brown and Company in 1929. From 1930 through 1962 she wrote short stories for magazines such as \"The Saturday Evening Post\", \"McCall's\", and \"Good Housekeeping\". Weber wrote a monthly column for the Catholic Extension magazine, which gave her a steady source of income, which she depended on after Al Weber's death in 1945. Her last book was published posthumously in 1972. Weber's favorite topics included the Denver area, horses, and teenage girls. In 1943 the Thomas Y. Crowell Co. published the first Beany Malone book, \"Meet the Malones\". Beany Malone became Weber's most well-known creation, featured in 14 books and appearing as a minor character in the Katie Rose Belford and Stacy Belford series. Weber died on January 30, 1971. She wrote 34 books, including a cookbook of Beany Malone-inspired recipes, and more than 80 short stories (including serializations of some of her novels.) Until they were republished by Image Cascade starting in 1999, the Beany Malone and Belford series were scarce and avidly collected. A diverse group of Beany fans lives worldwide and discusses all things Weber online. In 2002, Image Cascade published a biography, \"Nonie\", which combined Weber\u2019s own autobiographical notes with a biography written by her son David Weber. Weber's papers are held at the Denver Public Library.", "The Baked Bean Museum of Excellence The Baked Bean Museum of Excellence, is a private museum located in Port Talbot, Wales, United Kingdom. The museum is owned by local man Barry Kirk, who changed his name by deed poll to Captain Beany and is located in the living room, batroom and kitchen of his third-floor council flat. Captain Beany uses his eccentricity to raise considerable sums each year for charity. The museum contains examples of branded food cans, advertising and other promotional items associated with baked beans. There are also items from a number of brands including Heinz, Crosse & Blackwell, Branston, HP, Van Camp's and, somewhat tenuously, Mr Bean. There are over 500 items in the museum, and Captain Beany estimates that he has spent over \u00a310,000 growing his collection. Unlike most museums, the Baked Bean Museum of Excellence has no gift shop on-site. Instead, Captain Beany operates a market stall in local businesses on weekends only, selling branded souvenirs of both the Museum and of his Captain Beany persona. The museum is registered with the Association of Independent Museums. Comedian Danny Wallace is a patron. In 2018, the museum was the fourth most visited attraction in Port Talbot, according to figures by TripAdvisor. Captain Beany believes that his is the only museum in the world dedicated to baked beans.. However, in 2019, Heinz opened a museum, in the form of a three-day pop-up \"Beanz Museum\" in Covent Garden London between 30 August - 1 September. The museum contained exhibition about the Heinz brand to mark the company's 150th anniversary .", "Captain Beany Captain Beany (born Barry Kirk on 23 September 1954) is a Welsh eccentric and charity fundraiser in Sandfields, Port Talbot, south Wales. Kirk worked in the computer department of the British Petroleum chemical plant in Baglan, Neath Port Talbot. In May 1991, he changed his name by deed poll to Captain Beany. He began painting his face and bald head orange, donned a golden cape, pants, gloves and boots. To date, Captain Beany claims to have raised over \u00a3100,000 for charity through participation in various events, such as the London and New York Marathons. In 1986 Beany set a world record for the longest time sitting in a bath full of baked beans, which lasted over 100 hours. In 2006, Beany appeared on the BBC programme, \"Let Me Entertain You\". In September 2008, Beany climbed Snowdon carrying baked beans in aid of cancer research. Later, in October, during the 2000s financial crisis, he registered the trademark \"Credit Crunch\" for use on chocolate bars. When Selfridges sold a similarly named product, Captain Beany earned a percentage of the sales under a licensing agreement. In 2015 Beany raised \u00a33,600 for charity by having 60 baked beans tattooed on his head. Those sponsoring him had their initials inked on inside one of the baked beans. In 2018 Beany appeared on a Christmas special of Blind Date as one of the choices. He wasn't chosen. In April 2009, Beany was awarded the title of \"Great British Eccentric of the Year\" by the Eccentric Club in London. He also officially transformed his council flat into the Baked Bean Museum of Excellence, with British writer Danny Wallace presiding over the opening ceremony. In December 2009, he teamed up with other Port Talbot musicians to record a charity Christmas song.", "Beany and Cecil Beany and Cecil is an animated television series created by Bob Clampett for the American Broadcasting Company. The cartoon was based on the television puppet show \"Time for Beany\", which Clampett produced for Paramount Pictures company and its Paramount Television Network beginning 1949. The series was broadcast first as part of the series \"Matty's Funday Funnies\" during 1959, later renamed \"Matty's Funnies with Beany and Cecil\", and finally \"Beany and Cecil\" in the USA. Another season was produced during 1988. Although a children's show, it incorporated satirical references to current events and personalities that adults found entertaining, and the show also attracted adult viewers. Some of the plots and remarks were recognisable as lampoons of current political issues. Along with \"The Jetsons\" and \"The Flintstones\", it was one of the first three color television series by the ABC television network (the initial season, though, was originally shown in black and white, as ABC was unable to broadcast color programs until September 1962). \"Beany and Cecil\" was created by animator Bob Clampett after he quit Warner Bros., where he had been directing short cartoon movies. Clampett allegedly originated the idea for Cecil when he was a boy after seeing the top half of the dinosaur swimming from the water at the end of the 1925 movie \"The Lost World\". Clampett originally created the idea as a television series named \"Time for Beany\", which was broadcast from February 28, 1949 to 1955. \"Time for Beany\", based on puppets, featured the talents of veteran voice actors Stan Freberg as Cecil and Dishonest John, and Daws Butler as Beany and Uncle Captain. Clampett revived the series in animated form, though Freberg and Butler did not reprise their roles.", "Time for Beany Time For Beany is an American children's television series, with puppets for characters, which was broadcast locally in Los Angeles starting on February 28, 1949 and nationally (by kinescope) by the improvised Paramount Television Network from 1950 to 1955. It was created by animator Bob Clampett, who later reused its main characters for the animated series \"Beany and Cecil\". The show won three Primetime Emmy Awards for best children's show. The principal characters were Beany, a plucky young boy who wears a beanie cap; the brave but dimwitted Cecil the Seasick Sea Serpent, who claimed to be 300 years old and 35 feet 3 inches tall; another serpent named Common Dragon (named after Carmen Dragon, a famous conductor); Beany's uncle, Captain Horatio K. (for Kermit) Huff'n'puff (whose name is a play on Horatio Hornblower), who would blow on the sails of the ship Leakin' Lena (see below) to make it go faster, familiarly called Uncle Captain; Dishonest John, a/k/a \"D.J.\" whose cape and handlebar mustache identified him obviously as a villain; another sometimes villain named Dudley Nightshade (named after Deadly Nightshade, a poisonous member of the family Solanaceae); Tear-a-long the Dotted Lion (who always had a fast entrance and whose name is in reference to the phrase \"tear along the dotted line\"); Mouth Full of Teeth Keith (a lion with false teeth); and Hopalong Wong (a Chinese version of Hopalong Cassidy, a tough cowboy actor). Another character, a circus clown aptly named Clowny, appeared in early episodes but was later unused. The principal voice actors and puppeteers were Daws Butler and Stan Freberg."], "answer": {"text": "would earn Clampett three Emmys.", "answer_start": 925}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is something interesting about Bob Clampett's later career?", "answer": {"text": "Clampett turned his attentions to television, where he created the famous puppet show Time for Beany.", "answer_start": 744, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did this show do?", "answer": {"text": "would earn Clampett three Emmys.", "answer_start": 925, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1951db25f6204288ab8deda833d0c6de_1_q#3", "question": "what else did he create for television?", "rewrite": "Besides Time for Beany, what else did Bob Clampett create for television?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Clampett also made sure to include his name in the lyrics of the often-repeated B&C theme song to gain more recognition with viewers and from the animation industry. Clampett finally got the rights from ABC to market his Beany and Cecil cartoons by video during the 1980s. The entire series was released on VHS and Betamax as thirteen volumes (each containing two episodes) by RCA Columbia Pictures Home Video during 1984, with the final releases issued by their \"Magic Window\" children's subsidiary imprint. Image Entertainment released \"Bob Clampett's Beany and Cecil the Special Edition\" DVD in 2000, with 12 cartoon shorts and various show bumpers remastered from their original 35mm camera negatives. Bonus features included four complete episodes of \"Time for Beany\", audio tracks of original story sessions, backstage footage, lost animated works from Bob Clampett's studio, and a still gallery. After a considerable delay, Volume 2 was released by Hen's Tooth Entertainment during 2009, containing 11 cartoon shorts, plus two more \"Time for Beany\" episodes, archival audio interviews with Bob Clampett, video interviews with celebrity fans of the series as well as animator Bill Melendez, original bumpers from \"Matty's Funday Funnies\" and other special features. To date, the entire cartoon collection has not been released on DVD or Blu-Ray disc, nor has it been made available for digital download.", "The Bob Clampett Show The Bob Clampett Show is an animation anthology television program which ran from 2000 to 2001. Produced by the Cartoon Network, it features animated theatrical shorts from the Warner Bros. library that were animated or directed by Bob Clampett, as well as a selection of shorts from the \"Beany and Cecil\" animated television series. It originally aired on Cartoon Network, then reran on Adult Swim due to the politically incorrect content of some of the shorts. Twenty-six episodes were made in all. This is Cartoon Network's only animated anthology show to air uncut \"Looney Tunes\" cartoons, as well as shorts such as \"Russian Rhapsody\" and \"Bacall to Arms\" that normally do not air on American television due to controversial content. The show's opening title sequence was nominated for an Annie Award in 2000 in the category \"Outstanding Achievement in An Animated Special Project\", but it lost to \"The Scooby-Doo Project\". \"All shorts featured this season were produced by Warner Bros.\" \"This season features a mix between Warner Bros. shorts and \"Beany & Cecil\" shorts. All \"Beany & Cecil\" shorts are marked with an asterisk (*), otherwise all shorts are produced by Warner Bros.\"", "Beany and Cecil Beany and Cecil is an animated television series created by Bob Clampett for the American Broadcasting Company. The cartoon was based on the television puppet show \"Time for Beany\", which Clampett produced for Paramount Pictures company and its Paramount Television Network beginning 1949. The series was broadcast first as part of the series \"Matty's Funday Funnies\" during 1959, later renamed \"Matty's Funnies with Beany and Cecil\", and finally \"Beany and Cecil\" in the USA. Another season was produced during 1988. Although a children's show, it incorporated satirical references to current events and personalities that adults found entertaining, and the show also attracted adult viewers. Some of the plots and remarks were recognisable as lampoons of current political issues. Along with \"The Jetsons\" and \"The Flintstones\", it was one of the first three color television series by the ABC television network (the initial season, though, was originally shown in black and white, as ABC was unable to broadcast color programs until September 1962). \"Beany and Cecil\" was created by animator Bob Clampett after he quit Warner Bros., where he had been directing short cartoon movies. Clampett allegedly originated the idea for Cecil when he was a boy after seeing the top half of the dinosaur swimming from the water at the end of the 1925 movie \"The Lost World\". Clampett originally created the idea as a television series named \"Time for Beany\", which was broadcast from February 28, 1949 to 1955. \"Time for Beany\", based on puppets, featured the talents of veteran voice actors Stan Freberg as Cecil and Dishonest John, and Daws Butler as Beany and Uncle Captain. Clampett revived the series in animated form, though Freberg and Butler did not reprise their roles.", "In 1946 after Warner Bros. bought out Leon Schlesinger, his key executives Henry Binder and Ray Katz went to Screen Gems and took Clampett with them. Clampett worked for a time at Screen Gems, then the cartoon division of Columbia Pictures, as a screenwriter and gag writer. In 1947 Republic Pictures incorporated animation (by Walter Lantz) into its Gene Autry feature film Sioux City Sue. It turned out well enough for Republic to dabble in animated cartoons; Bob Clampett directed a single cartoon, It's a Grand Old Nag, featuring the equine character Charlie Horse. Republic management, however, had second thoughts due to dwindling profits, and discontinued the series. Clampett took his direction credit under the name \"Kilroy\". In 1949, Clampett turned his attentions to television, where he created the famous puppet show Time for Beany. The show, featuring the talents of voice artists Stan Freberg and Daws Butler, would earn Clampett three Emmys. Groucho Marx and Albert Einstein were both fans of the series. In 1952, he created the Thunderbolt the Wondercolt television series and the 3D prologue to Bwana Devil featuring Beany and Cecil. In 1954, he directed Willy the Wolf (the first puppet variety show on television), as well as creating and voicing the lead in the Buffalo Billy television show. In the late 1950s, Clampett was hired by Associated Artists Productions to catalog the pre-August 1948 Warner cartoons it had just acquired. He also created an animated version of the puppet show called Beany and Cecil, whose 26 half-hour episodes were first broadcast on ABC in 1962 and were rerun on the network for five years. In his later years, Bob Clampett toured college campuses and animation festivals as a lecturer on the history of animation.", "Other famed pieces of the Nutcracker were used in the series as musical interludes such as the \"Chinese Dance\" and \"Dance of the Reed-Flutes. \" Many other well-known classical music pieces were featured in the show as well, including \"The William Tell Overture\" (in the episodes \"Beanyland\" and \"The Phantom of the Horse Opera\"), \"Ride of the Valkyries\" and \"Flight of the Bumblebee\". Some of the background music was also recycled from \"Leave it to Beaver\", as well as some early Walter Lantz cartoons and incidental music from \"The Alvin Show\". The AC/DC song \"Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap\" is titled after the business cards of character Dishonest John, which read \"Dirty deeds done dirt cheap. Holidays, Sundays and special rates.\" Bob Dylan painted Cecil in his 2017 Beaten Path painting \"Hamburger Stand, Long Beach\", based on a home movie of Beany\u2019s Drive-in Restaurant in 1952. Marvel Comics has a minor character code-named Warstar who is actually two separate aliens named \"B'nee\" and \"C'cil\". The puppet origins and the form of Cecil inspired the famous science fiction author Larry Niven to invent an important extraterrestrial race called Pierson's Puppeteer as part of his Known Space series of novels and short stories (as originally stated in the story \"The Soft Weapon\". \"Beany and Cecil\" was also an inspiration for Joel Hodgson to create the show \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\". The credits of the series did not show traditional job titles, but pictorial symbols indicating their jobs. Bob Clampett's writing credit was indicated by a typewriter typing out the words \"...by Bob Clampett\", for instance."], "answer": {"text": "he created the Thunderbolt the Wondercolt television series", "answer_start": 1030}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is something interesting about Bob Clampett's later career?", "answer": {"text": "Clampett turned his attentions to television, where he created the famous puppet show Time for Beany.", "answer_start": 744, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did this show do?", "answer": {"text": "would earn Clampett three Emmys.", "answer_start": 925, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the show successful?", "answer": {"text": "would earn Clampett three Emmys.", "answer_start": 925, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1951db25f6204288ab8deda833d0c6de_1_q#4", "question": "when did he create those?", "rewrite": "When did Bob Clampett create the Thunderbolt the Wondercolt television series?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Clampett also made sure to include his name in the lyrics of the often-repeated B&C theme song to gain more recognition with viewers and from the animation industry. Clampett finally got the rights from ABC to market his Beany and Cecil cartoons by video during the 1980s. The entire series was released on VHS and Betamax as thirteen volumes (each containing two episodes) by RCA Columbia Pictures Home Video during 1984, with the final releases issued by their \"Magic Window\" children's subsidiary imprint. Image Entertainment released \"Bob Clampett's Beany and Cecil the Special Edition\" DVD in 2000, with 12 cartoon shorts and various show bumpers remastered from their original 35mm camera negatives. Bonus features included four complete episodes of \"Time for Beany\", audio tracks of original story sessions, backstage footage, lost animated works from Bob Clampett's studio, and a still gallery. After a considerable delay, Volume 2 was released by Hen's Tooth Entertainment during 2009, containing 11 cartoon shorts, plus two more \"Time for Beany\" episodes, archival audio interviews with Bob Clampett, video interviews with celebrity fans of the series as well as animator Bill Melendez, original bumpers from \"Matty's Funday Funnies\" and other special features. To date, the entire cartoon collection has not been released on DVD or Blu-Ray disc, nor has it been made available for digital download.", "The Bob Clampett Show The Bob Clampett Show is an animation anthology television program which ran from 2000 to 2001. Produced by the Cartoon Network, it features animated theatrical shorts from the Warner Bros. library that were animated or directed by Bob Clampett, as well as a selection of shorts from the \"Beany and Cecil\" animated television series. It originally aired on Cartoon Network, then reran on Adult Swim due to the politically incorrect content of some of the shorts. Twenty-six episodes were made in all. This is Cartoon Network's only animated anthology show to air uncut \"Looney Tunes\" cartoons, as well as shorts such as \"Russian Rhapsody\" and \"Bacall to Arms\" that normally do not air on American television due to controversial content. The show's opening title sequence was nominated for an Annie Award in 2000 in the category \"Outstanding Achievement in An Animated Special Project\", but it lost to \"The Scooby-Doo Project\". \"All shorts featured this season were produced by Warner Bros.\" \"This season features a mix between Warner Bros. shorts and \"Beany & Cecil\" shorts. All \"Beany & Cecil\" shorts are marked with an asterisk (*), otherwise all shorts are produced by Warner Bros.\"", "Bacall to Arms Bacall to Arms is a 1946 Warner Bros. cartoon in the Merrie Melodies series, co-planned by Bob Clampett, in his second-to-last cartoon at Warner Bros. (\"The Big Snooze\" would be the last) and Tex Avery, finished by Arthur Davis and supervised by Friz Freleng. Neither Clampett (he was left uncredited because he had left the studio before the cartoon was released) nor voice characterizations are credited. Mel Blanc's voice is recognizable as a fat theater patron, a husband in a newsreel, and the wolf's vocal effects. Impressionist Dave Barry portrays the voice of Humphrey Bogart while June Foray voices Lauren Bacall. The title refers both to Hemingway's \"A Farewell to Arms\" and actress Lauren Bacall, whose acclaimed film debut was in \"To Have and Have Not\", based on another Hemingway novel, as well as a play on the term \"A Call to Arms\". Bob Clampett started his directing career with black-and-white animated shorts for the Looney Tunes series, this phase of his career lasting from 1937 to 1941. In 1941, fellow director Tex Avery departed the Warner Bros. Cartoons studio. Clampett replaced Avery as the head of a unit producing films for the Merrie Melodies series, while Norman McCabe took over Clampett's former unit. The chief animator of Clampett's new unit was Robert McKimson. The cartoon is set in a movie theater. Various random gags occur before the film, such as one patron moving to another seat, another patron taking the vacated seat, and so on, accelerating into a free-for-all. A wolf makes a pass at a sexy movie usherette, gets slapped in the face, then settles down for the show.", "In 1946 after Warner Bros. bought out Leon Schlesinger, his key executives Henry Binder and Ray Katz went to Screen Gems and took Clampett with them. Clampett worked for a time at Screen Gems, then the cartoon division of Columbia Pictures, as a screenwriter and gag writer. In 1947 Republic Pictures incorporated animation (by Walter Lantz) into its Gene Autry feature film Sioux City Sue. It turned out well enough for Republic to dabble in animated cartoons; Bob Clampett directed a single cartoon, It's a Grand Old Nag, featuring the equine character Charlie Horse. Republic management, however, had second thoughts due to dwindling profits, and discontinued the series. Clampett took his direction credit under the name \"Kilroy\". In 1949, Clampett turned his attentions to television, where he created the famous puppet show Time for Beany. The show, featuring the talents of voice artists Stan Freberg and Daws Butler, would earn Clampett three Emmys. Groucho Marx and Albert Einstein were both fans of the series. In 1952, he created the Thunderbolt the Wondercolt television series and the 3D prologue to Bwana Devil featuring Beany and Cecil. In 1954, he directed Willy the Wolf (the first puppet variety show on television), as well as creating and voicing the lead in the Buffalo Billy television show. In the late 1950s, Clampett was hired by Associated Artists Productions to catalog the pre-August 1948 Warner cartoons it had just acquired. He also created an animated version of the puppet show called Beany and Cecil, whose 26 half-hour episodes were first broadcast on ABC in 1962 and were rerun on the network for five years. In his later years, Bob Clampett toured college campuses and animation festivals as a lecturer on the history of animation.", "Beany and Cecil Beany and Cecil is an animated television series created by Bob Clampett for the American Broadcasting Company. The cartoon was based on the television puppet show \"Time for Beany\", which Clampett produced for Paramount Pictures company and its Paramount Television Network beginning 1949. The series was broadcast first as part of the series \"Matty's Funday Funnies\" during 1959, later renamed \"Matty's Funnies with Beany and Cecil\", and finally \"Beany and Cecil\" in the USA. Another season was produced during 1988. Although a children's show, it incorporated satirical references to current events and personalities that adults found entertaining, and the show also attracted adult viewers. Some of the plots and remarks were recognisable as lampoons of current political issues. Along with \"The Jetsons\" and \"The Flintstones\", it was one of the first three color television series by the ABC television network (the initial season, though, was originally shown in black and white, as ABC was unable to broadcast color programs until September 1962). \"Beany and Cecil\" was created by animator Bob Clampett after he quit Warner Bros., where he had been directing short cartoon movies. Clampett allegedly originated the idea for Cecil when he was a boy after seeing the top half of the dinosaur swimming from the water at the end of the 1925 movie \"The Lost World\". Clampett originally created the idea as a television series named \"Time for Beany\", which was broadcast from February 28, 1949 to 1955. \"Time for Beany\", based on puppets, featured the talents of veteran voice actors Stan Freberg as Cecil and Dishonest John, and Daws Butler as Beany and Uncle Captain. Clampett revived the series in animated form, though Freberg and Butler did not reprise their roles."], "answer": {"text": "In 1952,", "answer_start": 1021}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is something interesting about Bob Clampett's later career?", "answer": {"text": "Clampett turned his attentions to television, where he created the famous puppet show Time for Beany.", "answer_start": 744, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did this show do?", "answer": {"text": "would earn Clampett three Emmys.", "answer_start": 925, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the show successful?", "answer": {"text": "would earn Clampett three Emmys.", "answer_start": 925, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did he create for television?", "answer": {"text": "he created the Thunderbolt the Wondercolt television series", "answer_start": 1030, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1951db25f6204288ab8deda833d0c6de_1_q#5", "question": "which production company was he working with?", "rewrite": "Which production company was Bob Clampett working with?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1946 after Warner Bros. bought out Leon Schlesinger, his key executives Henry Binder and Ray Katz went to Screen Gems and took Clampett with them. Clampett worked for a time at Screen Gems, then the cartoon division of Columbia Pictures, as a screenwriter and gag writer. In 1947 Republic Pictures incorporated animation (by Walter Lantz) into its Gene Autry feature film Sioux City Sue. It turned out well enough for Republic to dabble in animated cartoons; Bob Clampett directed a single cartoon, It's a Grand Old Nag, featuring the equine character Charlie Horse. Republic management, however, had second thoughts due to dwindling profits, and discontinued the series. Clampett took his direction credit under the name \"Kilroy\". In 1949, Clampett turned his attentions to television, where he created the famous puppet show Time for Beany. The show, featuring the talents of voice artists Stan Freberg and Daws Butler, would earn Clampett three Emmys. Groucho Marx and Albert Einstein were both fans of the series. In 1952, he created the Thunderbolt the Wondercolt television series and the 3D prologue to Bwana Devil featuring Beany and Cecil. In 1954, he directed Willy the Wolf (the first puppet variety show on television), as well as creating and voicing the lead in the Buffalo Billy television show. In the late 1950s, Clampett was hired by Associated Artists Productions to catalog the pre-August 1948 Warner cartoons it had just acquired. He also created an animated version of the puppet show called Beany and Cecil, whose 26 half-hour episodes were first broadcast on ABC in 1962 and were rerun on the network for five years. In his later years, Bob Clampett toured college campuses and animation festivals as a lecturer on the history of animation.", "Clampett also made sure to include his name in the lyrics of the often-repeated B&C theme song to gain more recognition with viewers and from the animation industry. Clampett finally got the rights from ABC to market his Beany and Cecil cartoons by video during the 1980s. The entire series was released on VHS and Betamax as thirteen volumes (each containing two episodes) by RCA Columbia Pictures Home Video during 1984, with the final releases issued by their \"Magic Window\" children's subsidiary imprint. Image Entertainment released \"Bob Clampett's Beany and Cecil the Special Edition\" DVD in 2000, with 12 cartoon shorts and various show bumpers remastered from their original 35mm camera negatives. Bonus features included four complete episodes of \"Time for Beany\", audio tracks of original story sessions, backstage footage, lost animated works from Bob Clampett's studio, and a still gallery. After a considerable delay, Volume 2 was released by Hen's Tooth Entertainment during 2009, containing 11 cartoon shorts, plus two more \"Time for Beany\" episodes, archival audio interviews with Bob Clampett, video interviews with celebrity fans of the series as well as animator Bill Melendez, original bumpers from \"Matty's Funday Funnies\" and other special features. To date, the entire cartoon collection has not been released on DVD or Blu-Ray disc, nor has it been made available for digital download.", "Bacall to Arms Bacall to Arms is a 1946 Warner Bros. cartoon in the Merrie Melodies series, co-planned by Bob Clampett, in his second-to-last cartoon at Warner Bros. (\"The Big Snooze\" would be the last) and Tex Avery, finished by Arthur Davis and supervised by Friz Freleng. Neither Clampett (he was left uncredited because he had left the studio before the cartoon was released) nor voice characterizations are credited. Mel Blanc's voice is recognizable as a fat theater patron, a husband in a newsreel, and the wolf's vocal effects. Impressionist Dave Barry portrays the voice of Humphrey Bogart while June Foray voices Lauren Bacall. The title refers both to Hemingway's \"A Farewell to Arms\" and actress Lauren Bacall, whose acclaimed film debut was in \"To Have and Have Not\", based on another Hemingway novel, as well as a play on the term \"A Call to Arms\". Bob Clampett started his directing career with black-and-white animated shorts for the Looney Tunes series, this phase of his career lasting from 1937 to 1941. In 1941, fellow director Tex Avery departed the Warner Bros. Cartoons studio. Clampett replaced Avery as the head of a unit producing films for the Merrie Melodies series, while Norman McCabe took over Clampett's former unit. The chief animator of Clampett's new unit was Robert McKimson. The cartoon is set in a movie theater. Various random gags occur before the film, such as one patron moving to another seat, another patron taking the vacated seat, and so on, accelerating into a free-for-all. A wolf makes a pass at a sexy movie usherette, gets slapped in the face, then settles down for the show.", "Beany and Cecil Beany and Cecil is an animated television series created by Bob Clampett for the American Broadcasting Company. The cartoon was based on the television puppet show \"Time for Beany\", which Clampett produced for Paramount Pictures company and its Paramount Television Network beginning 1949. The series was broadcast first as part of the series \"Matty's Funday Funnies\" during 1959, later renamed \"Matty's Funnies with Beany and Cecil\", and finally \"Beany and Cecil\" in the USA. Another season was produced during 1988. Although a children's show, it incorporated satirical references to current events and personalities that adults found entertaining, and the show also attracted adult viewers. Some of the plots and remarks were recognisable as lampoons of current political issues. Along with \"The Jetsons\" and \"The Flintstones\", it was one of the first three color television series by the ABC television network (the initial season, though, was originally shown in black and white, as ABC was unable to broadcast color programs until September 1962). \"Beany and Cecil\" was created by animator Bob Clampett after he quit Warner Bros., where he had been directing short cartoon movies. Clampett allegedly originated the idea for Cecil when he was a boy after seeing the top half of the dinosaur swimming from the water at the end of the 1925 movie \"The Lost World\". Clampett originally created the idea as a television series named \"Time for Beany\", which was broadcast from February 28, 1949 to 1955. \"Time for Beany\", based on puppets, featured the talents of veteran voice actors Stan Freberg as Cecil and Dishonest John, and Daws Butler as Beany and Uncle Captain. Clampett revived the series in animated form, though Freberg and Butler did not reprise their roles.", "The Bob Clampett Show The Bob Clampett Show is an animation anthology television program which ran from 2000 to 2001. Produced by the Cartoon Network, it features animated theatrical shorts from the Warner Bros. library that were animated or directed by Bob Clampett, as well as a selection of shorts from the \"Beany and Cecil\" animated television series. It originally aired on Cartoon Network, then reran on Adult Swim due to the politically incorrect content of some of the shorts. Twenty-six episodes were made in all. This is Cartoon Network's only animated anthology show to air uncut \"Looney Tunes\" cartoons, as well as shorts such as \"Russian Rhapsody\" and \"Bacall to Arms\" that normally do not air on American television due to controversial content. The show's opening title sequence was nominated for an Annie Award in 2000 in the category \"Outstanding Achievement in An Animated Special Project\", but it lost to \"The Scooby-Doo Project\". \"All shorts featured this season were produced by Warner Bros.\" \"This season features a mix between Warner Bros. shorts and \"Beany & Cecil\" shorts. All \"Beany & Cecil\" shorts are marked with an asterisk (*), otherwise all shorts are produced by Warner Bros.\""], "answer": {"text": "Clampett was hired by Associated Artists Productions", "answer_start": 1333}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is something interesting about Bob Clampett's later career?", "answer": {"text": "Clampett turned his attentions to television, where he created the famous puppet show Time for Beany.", "answer_start": 744, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did this show do?", "answer": {"text": "would earn Clampett three Emmys.", "answer_start": 925, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the show successful?", "answer": {"text": "would earn Clampett three Emmys.", "answer_start": 925, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did he create for television?", "answer": {"text": "he created the Thunderbolt the Wondercolt television series", "answer_start": 1030, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did he create those?", "answer": {"text": "In 1952,", "answer_start": 1021, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1951db25f6204288ab8deda833d0c6de_0_q#0", "question": "What was Bob Clampett's legacy?", "rewrite": "What was Bob Clampett's legacy?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bacall to Arms Bacall to Arms is a 1946 Warner Bros. cartoon in the Merrie Melodies series, co-planned by Bob Clampett, in his second-to-last cartoon at Warner Bros. (\"The Big Snooze\" would be the last) and Tex Avery, finished by Arthur Davis and supervised by Friz Freleng. Neither Clampett (he was left uncredited because he had left the studio before the cartoon was released) nor voice characterizations are credited. Mel Blanc's voice is recognizable as a fat theater patron, a husband in a newsreel, and the wolf's vocal effects. Impressionist Dave Barry portrays the voice of Humphrey Bogart while June Foray voices Lauren Bacall. The title refers both to Hemingway's \"A Farewell to Arms\" and actress Lauren Bacall, whose acclaimed film debut was in \"To Have and Have Not\", based on another Hemingway novel, as well as a play on the term \"A Call to Arms\". Bob Clampett started his directing career with black-and-white animated shorts for the Looney Tunes series, this phase of his career lasting from 1937 to 1941. In 1941, fellow director Tex Avery departed the Warner Bros. Cartoons studio. Clampett replaced Avery as the head of a unit producing films for the Merrie Melodies series, while Norman McCabe took over Clampett's former unit. The chief animator of Clampett's new unit was Robert McKimson. The cartoon is set in a movie theater. Various random gags occur before the film, such as one patron moving to another seat, another patron taking the vacated seat, and so on, accelerating into a free-for-all. A wolf makes a pass at a sexy movie usherette, gets slapped in the face, then settles down for the show.", "Clampett also made sure to include his name in the lyrics of the often-repeated B&C theme song to gain more recognition with viewers and from the animation industry. Clampett finally got the rights from ABC to market his Beany and Cecil cartoons by video during the 1980s. The entire series was released on VHS and Betamax as thirteen volumes (each containing two episodes) by RCA Columbia Pictures Home Video during 1984, with the final releases issued by their \"Magic Window\" children's subsidiary imprint. Image Entertainment released \"Bob Clampett's Beany and Cecil the Special Edition\" DVD in 2000, with 12 cartoon shorts and various show bumpers remastered from their original 35mm camera negatives. Bonus features included four complete episodes of \"Time for Beany\", audio tracks of original story sessions, backstage footage, lost animated works from Bob Clampett's studio, and a still gallery. After a considerable delay, Volume 2 was released by Hen's Tooth Entertainment during 2009, containing 11 cartoon shorts, plus two more \"Time for Beany\" episodes, archival audio interviews with Bob Clampett, video interviews with celebrity fans of the series as well as animator Bill Melendez, original bumpers from \"Matty's Funday Funnies\" and other special features. To date, the entire cartoon collection has not been released on DVD or Blu-Ray disc, nor has it been made available for digital download.", "In 1946 after Warner Bros. bought out Leon Schlesinger, his key executives Henry Binder and Ray Katz went to Screen Gems and took Clampett with them. Clampett worked for a time at Screen Gems, then the cartoon division of Columbia Pictures, as a screenwriter and gag writer. In 1947 Republic Pictures incorporated animation (by Walter Lantz) into its Gene Autry feature film Sioux City Sue. It turned out well enough for Republic to dabble in animated cartoons; Bob Clampett directed a single cartoon, It's a Grand Old Nag, featuring the equine character Charlie Horse. Republic management, however, had second thoughts due to dwindling profits, and discontinued the series. Clampett took his direction credit under the name \"Kilroy\". In 1949, Clampett turned his attentions to television, where he created the famous puppet show Time for Beany. The show, featuring the talents of voice artists Stan Freberg and Daws Butler, would earn Clampett three Emmys. Groucho Marx and Albert Einstein were both fans of the series. In 1952, he created the Thunderbolt the Wondercolt television series and the 3D prologue to Bwana Devil featuring Beany and Cecil. In 1954, he directed Willy the Wolf (the first puppet variety show on television), as well as creating and voicing the lead in the Buffalo Billy television show. In the late 1950s, Clampett was hired by Associated Artists Productions to catalog the pre-August 1948 Warner cartoons it had just acquired. He also created an animated version of the puppet show called Beany and Cecil, whose 26 half-hour episodes were first broadcast on ABC in 1962 and were rerun on the network for five years. In his later years, Bob Clampett toured college campuses and animation festivals as a lecturer on the history of animation.", "Only one track of Welles' recording \u2013 from the microphone that was furthest away \u2013 was used in the film's final mix, accounting for the relatively poor audio quality of the narration. Upon its theatrical release, \"Bugs Bunny: Superstar\" was marketed with the tagline, \"You won't believe how much you missed as a kid!\" According to Larry Jackson, this was a reference to how audiences accustomed to watching Warner Brothers cartoons on television were unaware of the history behind those cartoons. Jackson commented that \"Bugs Bunny: Superstar\" outgrossed \"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\" during its original run. Jackson also recounts being personally complimented by Paul Simon, who was a fan of the film. Contemporary critics pointed out that Bob Clampett's important role as \"one\" of the primary developers of the early Warner cartoons was noticeably slanted due to his prominent presence in \"Bugs Bunny: Superstar\". In an audio commentary recorded for the 2012 DVD release, Larry Jackson claimed that in order to secure Clampett's participation and access to Clampett's collection of Warners history (memorabilia, drawings, films, photographs etc.), he had to sign a contract that stipulated Clampett would host the documentary, select the cartoons featured, and have approval over the final cut. Jackson further claimed that Clampett was very reluctant to speak about the other directors and their contributions. According to Jackson, Clampett was \"insecure\" about his place in the legacy of Warner Brothers cartoons. Furthermore, several of the cartoons featured in \"Bugs Bunny: Superstar\" are the \"Blue Ribbon\" versions which lack opening titles (including director credits). However, the three Clampett-directed cartoons are the original versions, preserving Clampett's director credit.", "Beany and Cecil Beany and Cecil is an animated television series created by Bob Clampett for the American Broadcasting Company. The cartoon was based on the television puppet show \"Time for Beany\", which Clampett produced for Paramount Pictures company and its Paramount Television Network beginning 1949. The series was broadcast first as part of the series \"Matty's Funday Funnies\" during 1959, later renamed \"Matty's Funnies with Beany and Cecil\", and finally \"Beany and Cecil\" in the USA. Another season was produced during 1988. Although a children's show, it incorporated satirical references to current events and personalities that adults found entertaining, and the show also attracted adult viewers. Some of the plots and remarks were recognisable as lampoons of current political issues. Along with \"The Jetsons\" and \"The Flintstones\", it was one of the first three color television series by the ABC television network (the initial season, though, was originally shown in black and white, as ABC was unable to broadcast color programs until September 1962). \"Beany and Cecil\" was created by animator Bob Clampett after he quit Warner Bros., where he had been directing short cartoon movies. Clampett allegedly originated the idea for Cecil when he was a boy after seeing the top half of the dinosaur swimming from the water at the end of the 1925 movie \"The Lost World\". Clampett originally created the idea as a television series named \"Time for Beany\", which was broadcast from February 28, 1949 to 1955. \"Time for Beany\", based on puppets, featured the talents of veteran voice actors Stan Freberg as Cecil and Dishonest John, and Daws Butler as Beany and Uncle Captain. Clampett revived the series in animated form, though Freberg and Butler did not reprise their roles."], "answer": {"text": "Since 1984, The Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award is given each year at the Eisner Awards. Recipients of the award include", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1951db25f6204288ab8deda833d0c6de_0_q#1", "question": "Who else received the award?", "rewrite": "Besides Bob's legacy, who won The Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["While the settlement has left uncertain the legal right to works governed by the Copyright Act of 1909 created before the Copyright Act of 1976 came into force, the Kirby children's attorney, Marc Toberoff, said the issue of creators' rights to reclaim the work done as independent contractors remains, and other potential claims have yet to become ripe. Jack Kirby received a great deal of recognition over the course of his career, including the 1967 Alley Award for Best Pencil Artist. The following year he was runner-up behind Jim Steranko. His other Alley Awards were: Kirby won a Shazam Award for Special Achievement by an Individual in 1971 for his \"Fourth World\" series in \"Forever People\", \"New Gods\", \"Mister Miracle\", and \"Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen\". He received an Inkpot Award in 1974 and was inducted into the Shazam Awards Hall of Fame in 1975. In 1987 he was an inaugural inductee into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame. He received the 1993 Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award at that year's Eisner Awards. His work was honored posthumously in 1998: The collection of his New Gods material, \"Jack Kirby's New Gods\", edited by Bob Kahan, won both the Harvey Award for Best Domestic Reprint Project, and the Eisner Award for Best Archival Collection/Project. On July 14, 2017, Jack Kirby was named a Disney Legend for the co-creation of numerous characters that would comprise Disney's Marvel Cinematic Universe. The Jack Kirby Awards and Jack Kirby Hall of Fame were named in his honor. He was the posthumous recipient of the Bill Finger Award in 2017.", "Since 1984, The Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award is given each year at the Eisner Awards. Recipients of the award include June Foray, Jack Kirby, Sergio Aragones, Patrick McDonnell, Maggie Thompson, Ray Bradbury and Mark Evanier. Clampett's Tin Pan Alley Cats (1943) was chosen by the Library of Congress as a \"prime example of the music and mores of our times\" and a print was buried in a time capsule in Washington, D.C. so future generations might see it. Porky in Wackyland (1938) was inducted into the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress in 2000, deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\" John Kricfalusi, best known as the creator of The Ren & Stimpy Show, got to know Clampett in his later years and has reflected on those times as inspirational. Kricfalusi calls Clampett his favorite cartoon director and calls The Great Piggy Bank Robbery (1946) his favorite cartoon: \"I saw this thing and it completely changed my life, I thought it was the greatest thing I'd ever seen, and I still think it is.\" Animation historian Leonard Maltin has called Clampett's cartoons \"unmistakable.\" Milton Gray believes that Schlesinger put Clampett in charge of the black and white cartoon division in order to save it, and many historians have singled out a scene in Porky's Duck Hunt in which Daffy exits as a defining Clampett moment. Maltin called it \"a level of wackiness few moviegoers had ever seen.\" Historian Charles Solomon noted a rubbery, flexible animation quality visible in all Clampett's shorts, and Maltin noted an \"energetic, comic anarchy.\"", "Comics analyst and historian Scott McCloud called that image a \"riot of detail\", saying, \"It might take a moment before you even notice the corpse laying at the bottom of the composition on the left. That makes it a bit more of a treasure map. Bit more of a 'Where Is Waldo?'\" During a 2016 tour of his extensive library of art and pop culture memorabilia, Del Toro named Wrightson's \"Frankenstein\" as the work whose original artwork was the hardest to find, saying, \"They are very rare. The people that have them don't let them go. It's taken me years to get that. I have nine out of the 13 favorite plates of the Frankenstein book that Bernie Wrightson ever did. The other four: one of them, no one knows where it is, and the other three are, I would say, very hard to pry away from the people that have them.\" Wrightson won the Shazam Award for Best Penciller (Dramatic Division) in 1972 and 1973 for Swamp Thing, the Shazam Award for Best Individual Story (Dramatic) in 1972 for \"Swamp Thing\" No. 1 (with Len Wein). He received additional nominations, including for the Shazam Award for Best Inker in 1973 for \"Swamp Thing\", as well as that year's Shazam for Best Individual Story, for \"A Clockwork Horror\" in \"Swamp Thing\" No. 6 (with Len Wein). Wrightson was a recipient of the 1974 Comic Fan Art Award for Favorite Pro Artist. He was a nominee for the same award, then known as the \"Goethe Award,\" in 1973. Wrightson was co-recipient of the Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award for 1986, along with Jim Starlin, for his work on \"Heroes for Hope\". The following year, Wrightson received an Inkpot Award.", "For example, he received the Brotherhood Award from the National Conference of Christians and Jews and the Inter-Group Relations Award from the Anti-Defamation League of Bnai Brith. In 1971, he received the Alameda County (California) Education Association Layman's Annual Award. In 2000, the Cartoon Art Museum presented Turner with the Sparky Award, named in honor of Charles Schulz. Turner was honored a number of times at the San Diego Comic-Con: in 1981, he was given an Inkpot Award; and in 2012 he was given the Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award.", "Levitz eventually became an editor, and served as vice president and executive vice president, before assuming the role of president in 2002. In 2006, Levitz returned to writing the Justice Society with issue #82 of \"JSA\", completing that volume before writer Geoff Johns' relaunch. On September 9, 2009, it was announced that Levitz would step down as president and publisher of DC Comics to serve as the Contributing Editor and Overall Consultant for the newly formed DC Entertainment, and become the writer of both \"Adventure Comics\" vol. 2 and \"Legion of Super-Heroes\" vol. 6. Levitz mentioned in an August 2010 interview that he was working on \"my first genuine book.\" His \"75 Years of DC Comics: The Art of Modern Mythmaking\" () was published by Taschen America, LLC in November 2010. In addition to \"Legion of Super-Heroes\", Levitz wrote the \"Worlds' Finest\" series, which was initially drawn by George P\u00e9rez and Kevin Maguire. Levitz and Keith Giffen collaborated on the \"Legion of Super-Heroes \" issues #17 and 18 in 2013. Levitz wrote a biography of comics creator Will Eisner which was scheduled for release in 2014. He joined the board of directors of Boom! Studios in February 2014. He wrote a new five-page story titled \"The Game\", which was drawn by Neal Adams, for the \"Action Comics: 80 Years of Superman\" hardcover collection. Levitz received an Inkpot Award at the San Diego Comic-Con in 2002, the Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award at the San Diego Comic-Con in 2008, and the \"Dick Giordano Hero Initiative Humanitarian of the Year Award\" in September 2013 at the Baltimore Comic-Con. He was inducted into The Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame in 2019 at the San Diego Comic-Con."], "answer": {"text": "June Foray, Jack Kirby, Sergio Aragones, Patrick McDonnell, Maggie Thompson, Ray Bradbury and Mark Evanier.", "answer_start": 121}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Bob Clampett's legacy?", "answer": {"text": "Since 1984, The Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award is given each year at the Eisner Awards. Recipients of the award include", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1951db25f6204288ab8deda833d0c6de_0_q#2", "question": "Did Clampett receive any other awards?", "rewrite": "In addition to his legacy, Did Bob Clampett receive any other awards?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Clampett also made sure to include his name in the lyrics of the often-repeated B&C theme song to gain more recognition with viewers and from the animation industry. Clampett finally got the rights from ABC to market his Beany and Cecil cartoons by video during the 1980s. The entire series was released on VHS and Betamax as thirteen volumes (each containing two episodes) by RCA Columbia Pictures Home Video during 1984, with the final releases issued by their \"Magic Window\" children's subsidiary imprint. Image Entertainment released \"Bob Clampett's Beany and Cecil the Special Edition\" DVD in 2000, with 12 cartoon shorts and various show bumpers remastered from their original 35mm camera negatives. Bonus features included four complete episodes of \"Time for Beany\", audio tracks of original story sessions, backstage footage, lost animated works from Bob Clampett's studio, and a still gallery. After a considerable delay, Volume 2 was released by Hen's Tooth Entertainment during 2009, containing 11 cartoon shorts, plus two more \"Time for Beany\" episodes, archival audio interviews with Bob Clampett, video interviews with celebrity fans of the series as well as animator Bill Melendez, original bumpers from \"Matty's Funday Funnies\" and other special features. To date, the entire cartoon collection has not been released on DVD or Blu-Ray disc, nor has it been made available for digital download.", "Only one track of Welles' recording \u2013 from the microphone that was furthest away \u2013 was used in the film's final mix, accounting for the relatively poor audio quality of the narration. Upon its theatrical release, \"Bugs Bunny: Superstar\" was marketed with the tagline, \"You won't believe how much you missed as a kid!\" According to Larry Jackson, this was a reference to how audiences accustomed to watching Warner Brothers cartoons on television were unaware of the history behind those cartoons. Jackson commented that \"Bugs Bunny: Superstar\" outgrossed \"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\" during its original run. Jackson also recounts being personally complimented by Paul Simon, who was a fan of the film. Contemporary critics pointed out that Bob Clampett's important role as \"one\" of the primary developers of the early Warner cartoons was noticeably slanted due to his prominent presence in \"Bugs Bunny: Superstar\". In an audio commentary recorded for the 2012 DVD release, Larry Jackson claimed that in order to secure Clampett's participation and access to Clampett's collection of Warners history (memorabilia, drawings, films, photographs etc.), he had to sign a contract that stipulated Clampett would host the documentary, select the cartoons featured, and have approval over the final cut. Jackson further claimed that Clampett was very reluctant to speak about the other directors and their contributions. According to Jackson, Clampett was \"insecure\" about his place in the legacy of Warner Brothers cartoons. Furthermore, several of the cartoons featured in \"Bugs Bunny: Superstar\" are the \"Blue Ribbon\" versions which lack opening titles (including director credits). However, the three Clampett-directed cartoons are the original versions, preserving Clampett's director credit.", "Bacall to Arms Bacall to Arms is a 1946 Warner Bros. cartoon in the Merrie Melodies series, co-planned by Bob Clampett, in his second-to-last cartoon at Warner Bros. (\"The Big Snooze\" would be the last) and Tex Avery, finished by Arthur Davis and supervised by Friz Freleng. Neither Clampett (he was left uncredited because he had left the studio before the cartoon was released) nor voice characterizations are credited. Mel Blanc's voice is recognizable as a fat theater patron, a husband in a newsreel, and the wolf's vocal effects. Impressionist Dave Barry portrays the voice of Humphrey Bogart while June Foray voices Lauren Bacall. The title refers both to Hemingway's \"A Farewell to Arms\" and actress Lauren Bacall, whose acclaimed film debut was in \"To Have and Have Not\", based on another Hemingway novel, as well as a play on the term \"A Call to Arms\". Bob Clampett started his directing career with black-and-white animated shorts for the Looney Tunes series, this phase of his career lasting from 1937 to 1941. In 1941, fellow director Tex Avery departed the Warner Bros. Cartoons studio. Clampett replaced Avery as the head of a unit producing films for the Merrie Melodies series, while Norman McCabe took over Clampett's former unit. The chief animator of Clampett's new unit was Robert McKimson. The cartoon is set in a movie theater. Various random gags occur before the film, such as one patron moving to another seat, another patron taking the vacated seat, and so on, accelerating into a free-for-all. A wolf makes a pass at a sexy movie usherette, gets slapped in the face, then settles down for the show.", "In 1946 after Warner Bros. bought out Leon Schlesinger, his key executives Henry Binder and Ray Katz went to Screen Gems and took Clampett with them. Clampett worked for a time at Screen Gems, then the cartoon division of Columbia Pictures, as a screenwriter and gag writer. In 1947 Republic Pictures incorporated animation (by Walter Lantz) into its Gene Autry feature film Sioux City Sue. It turned out well enough for Republic to dabble in animated cartoons; Bob Clampett directed a single cartoon, It's a Grand Old Nag, featuring the equine character Charlie Horse. Republic management, however, had second thoughts due to dwindling profits, and discontinued the series. Clampett took his direction credit under the name \"Kilroy\". In 1949, Clampett turned his attentions to television, where he created the famous puppet show Time for Beany. The show, featuring the talents of voice artists Stan Freberg and Daws Butler, would earn Clampett three Emmys. Groucho Marx and Albert Einstein were both fans of the series. In 1952, he created the Thunderbolt the Wondercolt television series and the 3D prologue to Bwana Devil featuring Beany and Cecil. In 1954, he directed Willy the Wolf (the first puppet variety show on television), as well as creating and voicing the lead in the Buffalo Billy television show. In the late 1950s, Clampett was hired by Associated Artists Productions to catalog the pre-August 1948 Warner cartoons it had just acquired. He also created an animated version of the puppet show called Beany and Cecil, whose 26 half-hour episodes were first broadcast on ABC in 1962 and were rerun on the network for five years. In his later years, Bob Clampett toured college campuses and animation festivals as a lecturer on the history of animation.", "Beany and Cecil Beany and Cecil is an animated television series created by Bob Clampett for the American Broadcasting Company. The cartoon was based on the television puppet show \"Time for Beany\", which Clampett produced for Paramount Pictures company and its Paramount Television Network beginning 1949. The series was broadcast first as part of the series \"Matty's Funday Funnies\" during 1959, later renamed \"Matty's Funnies with Beany and Cecil\", and finally \"Beany and Cecil\" in the USA. Another season was produced during 1988. Although a children's show, it incorporated satirical references to current events and personalities that adults found entertaining, and the show also attracted adult viewers. Some of the plots and remarks were recognisable as lampoons of current political issues. Along with \"The Jetsons\" and \"The Flintstones\", it was one of the first three color television series by the ABC television network (the initial season, though, was originally shown in black and white, as ABC was unable to broadcast color programs until September 1962). \"Beany and Cecil\" was created by animator Bob Clampett after he quit Warner Bros., where he had been directing short cartoon movies. Clampett allegedly originated the idea for Cecil when he was a boy after seeing the top half of the dinosaur swimming from the water at the end of the 1925 movie \"The Lost World\". Clampett originally created the idea as a television series named \"Time for Beany\", which was broadcast from February 28, 1949 to 1955. \"Time for Beany\", based on puppets, featured the talents of veteran voice actors Stan Freberg as Cecil and Dishonest John, and Daws Butler as Beany and Uncle Captain. Clampett revived the series in animated form, though Freberg and Butler did not reprise their roles."], "answer": {"text": "Clampett's Tin Pan Alley Cats (1943) was chosen by the Library of Congress", "answer_start": 229}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Bob Clampett's legacy?", "answer": {"text": "Since 1984, The Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award is given each year at the Eisner Awards. Recipients of the award include", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else received the award?", "answer": {"text": "June Foray, Jack Kirby, Sergio Aragones, Patrick McDonnell, Maggie Thompson, Ray Bradbury and Mark Evanier.", "answer_start": 121, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1951db25f6204288ab8deda833d0c6de_0_q#6", "question": "What is he most notable for?", "rewrite": "What is Bob Clampet most notable for?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kolanka Cup Kolanka Cup is a polo trophy awarded in the India. According to the Guinness Book of World records, it is the \"tallest sports trophy in the world\". It is named after the \"Rajah\" of \"Kolanka\" HH Rajah Saheb Meharban -I-Dostan Raja Sri Rajah Rao Pradyumna Krishna Mahipati Suryarao Bahadur who got it made was a polo player and had his own team the Kolanka team. The \"Rajah\" of \"Kolanka\" was the 4th \"maharajkumar\" of \"venkatagiri\" i.e. he was the fourth son of the 29th \"Maharaja\" of \"Venkatagiri\" and the grandson of Rajagopala Krishna Yachendra of Venkatagiri and was adopted by the childless \"Maharani\" of \"Kolanka\". The Kolanka Cup stands 6 feet tall and is made out of pure silver. When it comes to sports trophies, most competitors are more concerned with winning them than with appreciating their legacy. And in polo this is particularly true, especially when the importance of competitions at which polo trophies are presented is not always reflected in how big, beautiful or impressive the prizes might be. Size for one, is irrelevant for polo prizes. The Queen's Cup \u2013 traditionally presented by Her Majesty The Queen at Guards Polo Club to the winners of England's second most important tournament \u2013 is the sort of small, plain silver bowl one might find filled with bon-bons on a sideboard in a stately home. This discreet royal prize is dwarfed by the six-foot tall Kolanka Cup, awarded to the winners of a humble competition in Madras.", "Canadian Expeditionary Force Command Canadian Expeditionary Force Command (CEFCOM, French: \"Commandement de la Force exp\u00e9ditionnaire du Canada\" or \"COMFEC\") was an operational element of the Canadian Forces for operations outside of Canada, created in 2006 and merged into the Canadian Joint Operations Command in 2012. Under the CF structure, Canadian Expeditionary Forces Command (CEFCOM) was the unified command that was responsible for all Canadian Forces (CF) international operations, with the exception of operations conducted solely by Canadian Special Operations Forces Command elements. CEFCOM missions included combat operations, humanitarian assistance and peacekeeping. Similar to the integrated chain of command put in place under Canada Command (Canada COM), the CF's operational command headquarters responsible for domestic operations, CEFCOM brought together under one operational command the maritime, land and air force assets to conduct humanitarian, peace support or combat operations wherever they were required internationally. Headquartered in Ottawa, CEFCOM was responsible for setting the standards for integrated training and final certification of assigned forces \u2013 ensuring that all units and personnel selected to conduct overseas duties were fully trained and ready to do so. In 2011, over 3,900 servicemen were deployed, the majority of which were part of the Joint Task Force - Afghanistan. In July 2011, the authorized strength Afghanistan was of 1,959 servicemen for two operations, that is, Operation Athena, the Canadian contingent of the International Security Assistance Force which ended in December 2011 and Operation Attention, aimed at training Afghan security forces personnel. The CEFCOM motto was \"Unanimi cum Ratione\", Latin for \"United in Purpose.\" This motto represented the civilians and military members from different elements working together, accomplishing the missions and contributing to the security of Canada, and was continued by the Canadian Joint Operations Command following the 2012 merger.", "Donated by the Raja of Kolanka between the wars(late 1920s or early 1930s), the cup is marked by the Guinness Book of Records as the world's largest sports trophy. While the Queen's Cup won't even hold a full bottle of celebratory champagne, it would take more than 27 bottles of bubbly to fill the giant Indian trophy. The Kolanka Cup towers above even the Coronation Cup, the last match for the Kolanka Cup is said to have been played in 1998. Since then towering Cup has been stored. http://hurlinghampolo.com/backissues/summer_2007/html/Hurlingham_e-Mag/page_41.html http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/v/venkatagiri.html", "Skift Skift, Inc. is a media company founded in 2012 that provides news, research, and marketing services for the travel industry. It was founded by Rafat Ali and Jason Clampet. The name Skift, which means \"shift\" or \"transformation\" in Nordic languages, was chosen by Ali and Clampet to highlight the ongoing changes in the future of travel. In July 2012, Rafat Ali founded Skift and assumed the role of CEO. Co-founder Jason Clampet, formerly of Frommer's, joined as Skift's head of content. For its launch, Skift raised about $500,000 in funding from investors, including L. Gordon Crovitz, Craig Forman, Jim Friedlich, Tom Glocer, Vishal Gondal, Jason Hirschhorn. In May 2013, Skift announced that it raised an additional $1.1 million in seed financing from a group of investors led by Lerer Ventures. Skift's revenue comes from three main sources: branded content, subscriptions, and a series of global events - of which the flagship is the Skift Global Forum held annually in New York. Skift.com offers reporting and analysis on the travel industry. Clampet is editor-in-chief of the website. overseeing editorial content for Skift's seven subscriber-based newsletters. Skift produces twice-monthly reports, analyst calls, and data sheets on travel trends aimed at professionals in the travel industry, which are available by paid subscription. \"The New York Times\", CNBC, and \"The Verge\" have cited Skift studies in their reporting. In January 2015, Skift launched a print magazine, \"Skift Megatrends\", built around the company's annual travel trend forecast. SkiftX is Skift's advertising and branded content studio.", "Rajagopala Krishna Yachendra Maharaja Sir Rajagopala Krishna Yachendra (1857\u20131916) was an Indian nobleman and politician. He was the \"Maharaja\" of Venkatagiri in Nellore district from 1878 to 1916.He was the 28th \"\"Maharaja\" of Venkatagiri. M.L.C. (Madras) 1888 . He belonged to the royal Velugoti Dynasty of the Padmanayaka Velamas. He is known to have reformed and encouraged education during his tenure as M.L.C and even as the Maharajah of Venkatagiri . Rajagopala was a non-official member of Madras Legislative Council. He served in the Council starting from 1887. His brother's grandson is Ramakrishna Ranga Rao became the Chief Minister of Madras Presidency after dyarchy was established. One of his grandson who was adopted by the Maharani of Kolanka, later became Maharaja of Kolanka and got the \"Kolanka Cup\" made. Rajagopala Yachendra was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) in May 1888 and subsequently promoted to a Knight Grand Commander (GCIE) in the 1915 New Year Honours List. He was awarded the Kaiser-i-Hind Medal in 1900. He also received the Delhi Durbar Medal ."], "answer": {"text": "historians have singled out a scene in Porky's Duck Hunt in which Daffy exits as a defining Clampett moment.", "answer_start": 1257}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Bob Clampett's legacy?", "answer": {"text": "Since 1984, The Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award is given each year at the Eisner Awards. Recipients of the award include", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else received the award?", "answer": {"text": "June Foray, Jack Kirby, Sergio Aragones, Patrick McDonnell, Maggie Thompson, Ray Bradbury and Mark Evanier.", "answer_start": 121, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Clampett receive any other awards?", "answer": {"text": "Clampett's Tin Pan Alley Cats (1943) was chosen by the Library of Congress", "answer_start": 229, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any more awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When will the capsule be opened?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was given any other awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_42f71a0f28714edcb5c11e16769ad7fa_0_q#0", "question": "Was Coppi in WWII?", "rewrite": "Was Coppi in WWII?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Binda tried to convince Coppi that he had been delayed, and he succeeded in keeping Coppi in the race. In the Alps, Coppi recovered. In the sixteenth stage, Coppi escaped, and only Bartali followed him. It was Bartali's 35th birthday, and Coppi gave Bartali the stage victory. After that stage, Bartali was first in the general classification, with Coppi in second place, 82 seconds behind. In stage 17, Bartali and Coppi again were leading together. Around 40 km into the stage, Bartali punctured. Coppi waited for Bartali, but when Bartali later fell and twisted his ankle, team leader Binda allowed Coppi to take off alone. Coppi did so, won the stage, and decided the race. That seventeenth stage finished in the Italian town Aosta. Many Italians had come to see the Tour de France, to cheer on their Italian heroes Coppi and Bartali but also to express their anger against the French cyclists, specifically Jean Robic, who had said in an interview that he could beat those Italians easily. Insults were shouted against non-Italians in the Tour, and some windows of French cars were smashed. For safety, and because there were not enough telephone connections for the journalists, most Tour officials and journalists decided to spend the night in Switzerland. When the Tour returned to France in the nineteenth stage to Colmar, some French spectators took revenge by throwing tomatoes and rocks towards the Italian cyclists and followers. The organisation apologised for this behavior, and the Italian cyclists accepted this apology. In the rest of the race, Coppi's lead was not endangered; Coppi won the mountain time trial in stage 20, and won the Tour with a margin of more than ten minutes over Bartali.", "In the ninth stage, a group of eight cyclists got away, including Coppi's teammate Andrea Carrea. At the end of the stage, the group had a margin of more than nine minutes. Carrea went to the hotel after the finish, but was picked up by the police. Carrea asked what he had done wrong, but he was told that he was the new leader of the race, and had to go to the ceremony to receive the yellow jersey. Carrea apologised to his team leader Coppi, in fear that his team leader would be angry because a helper occupied the highest rank, but Coppi was not angry. In the tenth stage, Robic attacked, and only Coppi was able to follow him. Later, Robic had a flat tire. Because his team director was far away, he lost several minutes, and lost so much time that he dropped from second place to fifth place. Coppi rode away and won the stage, taking over the lead in the general classification from his teammate. The top three riders were all Italian at that moment. After the rest day, the eleventh stage was again a mountain stage. The cyclists from the French national team, especially G\u00e9miniani, attacked on the Galibier, but Coppi counterattacked and escaped easily. At the end of the stage, Coppi won by a large margin. His lead in the general classification was now almost 20 minutes. The margin was so large that Coppi didn't need to attack in the twelfth stage. When Coppi had a flat tire, his teammate Gino Bartali gave him his own wheel, which was a sign that the rivalry between the two cyclists was over. Even though Coppi rode conservatively in that stage, the cyclist directly behind him in the general classification, Alex Close, lost another four minutes, and Coppi was now 24 minutes ahead.", "A romance began between Occhini and Coppi and they spent the summer together as lovers in 1953, vacationing in Capri. Since they were both married, the relationship aroused great scandal at that time and was strongly opposed by public opinion, particularly by Fausto Coppi's fans, and Occhini was even the recipient of Pope Pius XII's public condemnation. Coppi and his wife, Bruna Ciampolini, unanimously separated in 1954, while Locatelli denounced Occhini for adultery. As a result of this, according to Italian law of time, the lovers having been caught \u201cin flagrante\u201d, the woman was punished with a month's imprisonment in Alessandria and then a period of house arrest in Ancona. Coppi\u2019s passport was withdrawn. Among these many difficulties, Coppi and Occhini married in Mexico (a marriage never recognized in Italy) and Occhini gave birth to a son, Angelo Fausto Coppi, who was born on May 13, 1955 in Buenos Aires. Coppi died of malaria on January 2, 1960, which he caught on a trip to Burkina Faso. Giulia Occhini was admitted to San Giacomo Hospital in Novi Ligure following injuries sustained in a car accident that occurred just in front of Villa Coppi in hamlet Barbellotta of Novi Ligure on 3 August 1991 on board a Fiat Tipo, driven by a family friend, who was hit by a Volkswagen Golf GTI with two young people on board. She died on January 6, 1993, after having been in a coma for almost a year and a half. Giulia Occhini is buried in the new graveyard of Serravalle Scrivia, next to her daughter Loretta \"Lolli\" Locatelli (1946-1981), who died of leukemia.", "Bartali had won the previous Tour, and was trying to equal Philippe Thys by winning the Tour three times. Coppi had won the 1949 Giro d'Italia, and wanted to be the first one to achieve the Tour-Giro double in one year. The Italian team manager Alfredo Binda convinced them two weeks before the start of the race to join forces, so both Italians were in the race. The teams entering the race were: The 1949 Tour de France started on 30 June, and had four rest days, in Les Sables-d'Olonne, Pau, Cannes and Aosta. In the early stages, Bartali and Coppi both lost time. Before the fifth stage, Coppi and Bartali both were not in the top fifteen of the general classification. In that fifth stage, Coppi escaped together with the leader of the general classification, Jacques Marinelli. When they were leading by 6 minutes, Coppi and Marinelli fell in Mouen. Marinelli was not hurt and could continue, but Coppi's bike was broken. The Italian team car offered him a new one, but Coppi refused because he wanted his personal spare bike, and threatened to quit the race. When Bartali reached Coppi, he saw the problem, and waited. Even later, the Italian team captain Binda arrived with Coppi's spare bike, and Bartali and Coppi started to ride. Coppi started to slow down, complaining he was hungry and exhausted. Bartali decided he could not wait anymore, and rode away from Coppi. Coppi came in 18 minutes late that stage. Later that night, it became clear that Coppi had been angry because the team leader had not been following him, even though he was in the leading group. Coppi did not want to race in a team where Bartali and not he was the leader.", "Hans Coppi Jr. Hans Coppi Jr. (born November 27, 1942) is a German historian. His parents, Hilde and Hans Coppi, were active in the German Resistance and were both executed by the Nazis. Coppi was born at Barnimstra\u00dfe Women's Prison in Berlin. His parents were arrested on September 12, 1942 in Schrimm (now \u015arem, Poland). His paternal grandparents, maternal grandmother and one uncle were also arrested around this time. At the time of his parents' arrest, his mother was \"hochschwanger\", literally \"highly pregnant\". His father was convicted and executed shortly after his birth. Coppi's father was allowed to see him in his mother's arms one last time before being executed. His mother attempted to get clemency, but it was denied by Adolf Hitler in July 1943. She was allowed to nurse her son until shortly before her execution on August 5, 1943 at Pl\u00f6tzensee Prison, when Coppi was just eight months old. Coppi grew up with his grandparents. After studying economics in college, Coppi worked at an East German foreign trade company for machine tools as a party secretary of the ruling SED party. From 1984 to 1987, he was employed by the Berlin district leadership of the Socialist Unity Party (SED). After a year of study abroad in Moscow, he went to the Harnack/Schulze-Boysen Research Center at the Academy of Sciences in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Writing his dissertation on Harro Schulze-Boysen, he got his doctorate at the Berlin Institute of Technology in 1992. He has spent considerable time devoted to the study of the Red Orchestra and the German Resistance."], "answer": {"text": "Coppi joined the army as soldier 7,375 of the 38th Infantry when Italy entered World War II.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_42f71a0f28714edcb5c11e16769ad7fa_0_q#1", "question": "How was his experience in the war?", "rewrite": "How was Coppi's experience in WWII?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["When Coppi had a puncture on the Izoard, Bartali waited for him, then Bartali did the same and Coppi waited. On the final climb to Brian\u00e7on, Coppi allowed Bartali to win (on his 35th birthday) and take the yellow jersey. But Coppi assumed the \"maillot jaune\" the following day after Bartali had a puncture with 40 km of the stage still to race. Coppi retained the lead to Paris, while Bartali took second place. The 1950 Tour de France saw him lead the Italian team again, with Coppi electing not to contest the race, but having been threatened by frenzied fans, the entire Italian team resigned from the race. Bartali always suspected that Coppi took drugs. On the hairpins of the Col di Bracco, during a stage of the 1946 Giro from Genoa to Montecatini Terme, Coppi drank from a glass phial and threw it into the verge. Bartali drove back after the race and found it. He said: With the meticulous care of a detective collecting evidence for fingerprinting I picked it up, dropped it into a white envelope and put it carefully in my pocket. The next day I rushed round to my personal doctor and asked him to send the phial to a lab for analysis. Disappointment: no drug, no magic potion. It was nothing more than an ordinary tonic, made in France, that I could have bought without a prescription. I realised that I should have to try to outsmart him and I devised my own investigation system. The first thing was to make sure I always stayed at the same hotel for a race, and to have the room next to his so I could mount a surveillance. I would watch him leave with his mates, then I would tiptoe into the room which ten seconds earlier had been his headquarters.", "In the ninth stage, a group of eight cyclists got away, including Coppi's teammate Andrea Carrea. At the end of the stage, the group had a margin of more than nine minutes. Carrea went to the hotel after the finish, but was picked up by the police. Carrea asked what he had done wrong, but he was told that he was the new leader of the race, and had to go to the ceremony to receive the yellow jersey. Carrea apologised to his team leader Coppi, in fear that his team leader would be angry because a helper occupied the highest rank, but Coppi was not angry. In the tenth stage, Robic attacked, and only Coppi was able to follow him. Later, Robic had a flat tire. Because his team director was far away, he lost several minutes, and lost so much time that he dropped from second place to fifth place. Coppi rode away and won the stage, taking over the lead in the general classification from his teammate. The top three riders were all Italian at that moment. After the rest day, the eleventh stage was again a mountain stage. The cyclists from the French national team, especially G\u00e9miniani, attacked on the Galibier, but Coppi counterattacked and escaped easily. At the end of the stage, Coppi won by a large margin. His lead in the general classification was now almost 20 minutes. The margin was so large that Coppi didn't need to attack in the twelfth stage. When Coppi had a flat tire, his teammate Gino Bartali gave him his own wheel, which was a sign that the rivalry between the two cyclists was over. Even though Coppi rode conservatively in that stage, the cyclist directly behind him in the general classification, Alex Close, lost another four minutes, and Coppi was now 24 minutes ahead.", "Binda tried to convince Coppi that he had been delayed, and he succeeded in keeping Coppi in the race. In the Alps, Coppi recovered. In the sixteenth stage, Coppi escaped, and only Bartali followed him. It was Bartali's 35th birthday, and Coppi gave Bartali the stage victory. After that stage, Bartali was first in the general classification, with Coppi in second place, 82 seconds behind. In stage 17, Bartali and Coppi again were leading together. Around 40 km into the stage, Bartali punctured. Coppi waited for Bartali, but when Bartali later fell and twisted his ankle, team leader Binda allowed Coppi to take off alone. Coppi did so, won the stage, and decided the race. That seventeenth stage finished in the Italian town Aosta. Many Italians had come to see the Tour de France, to cheer on their Italian heroes Coppi and Bartali but also to express their anger against the French cyclists, specifically Jean Robic, who had said in an interview that he could beat those Italians easily. Insults were shouted against non-Italians in the Tour, and some windows of French cars were smashed. For safety, and because there were not enough telephone connections for the journalists, most Tour officials and journalists decided to spend the night in Switzerland. When the Tour returned to France in the nineteenth stage to Colmar, some French spectators took revenge by throwing tomatoes and rocks towards the Italian cyclists and followers. The organisation apologised for this behavior, and the Italian cyclists accepted this apology. In the rest of the race, Coppi's lead was not endangered; Coppi won the mountain time trial in stage 20, and won the Tour with a margin of more than ten minutes over Bartali.", "Bartali had won the previous Tour, and was trying to equal Philippe Thys by winning the Tour three times. Coppi had won the 1949 Giro d'Italia, and wanted to be the first one to achieve the Tour-Giro double in one year. The Italian team manager Alfredo Binda convinced them two weeks before the start of the race to join forces, so both Italians were in the race. The teams entering the race were: The 1949 Tour de France started on 30 June, and had four rest days, in Les Sables-d'Olonne, Pau, Cannes and Aosta. In the early stages, Bartali and Coppi both lost time. Before the fifth stage, Coppi and Bartali both were not in the top fifteen of the general classification. In that fifth stage, Coppi escaped together with the leader of the general classification, Jacques Marinelli. When they were leading by 6 minutes, Coppi and Marinelli fell in Mouen. Marinelli was not hurt and could continue, but Coppi's bike was broken. The Italian team car offered him a new one, but Coppi refused because he wanted his personal spare bike, and threatened to quit the race. When Bartali reached Coppi, he saw the problem, and waited. Even later, the Italian team captain Binda arrived with Coppi's spare bike, and Bartali and Coppi started to ride. Coppi started to slow down, complaining he was hungry and exhausted. Bartali decided he could not wait anymore, and rode away from Coppi. Coppi came in 18 minutes late that stage. Later that night, it became clear that Coppi had been angry because the team leader had not been following him, even though he was in the leading group. Coppi did not want to race in a team where Bartali and not he was the leader.", "Hans Coppi Jr. Hans Coppi Jr. (born November 27, 1942) is a German historian. His parents, Hilde and Hans Coppi, were active in the German Resistance and were both executed by the Nazis. Coppi was born at Barnimstra\u00dfe Women's Prison in Berlin. His parents were arrested on September 12, 1942 in Schrimm (now \u015arem, Poland). His paternal grandparents, maternal grandmother and one uncle were also arrested around this time. At the time of his parents' arrest, his mother was \"hochschwanger\", literally \"highly pregnant\". His father was convicted and executed shortly after his birth. Coppi's father was allowed to see him in his mother's arms one last time before being executed. His mother attempted to get clemency, but it was denied by Adolf Hitler in July 1943. She was allowed to nurse her son until shortly before her execution on August 5, 1943 at Pl\u00f6tzensee Prison, when Coppi was just eight months old. Coppi grew up with his grandparents. After studying economics in college, Coppi worked at an East German foreign trade company for machine tools as a party secretary of the ruling SED party. From 1984 to 1987, he was employed by the Berlin district leadership of the Socialist Unity Party (SED). After a year of study abroad in Moscow, he went to the Harnack/Schulze-Boysen Research Center at the Academy of Sciences in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Writing his dissertation on Harro Schulze-Boysen, he got his doctorate at the Berlin Institute of Technology in 1992. He has spent considerable time devoted to the study of the Red Orchestra and the German Resistance."], "answer": {"text": "but in March 1943 they sent him to North Africa.", "answer_start": 153}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Coppi in WWII?", "answer": {"text": "Coppi joined the army as soldier 7,375 of the 38th Infantry when Italy entered World War II.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_42f71a0f28714edcb5c11e16769ad7fa_0_q#2", "question": "What happened in Africa?", "rewrite": "What happened in North Africa?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Vandal Kingdom The Vandal Kingdom () or Kingdom of the Vandals and Alans () was established by the Germanic Vandal people under Genseric, and ruled in North Africa and the Mediterranean from 435 AD to 534 AD. In 429, the Vandals, estimated to number 80,000 people, had crossed by boat from Spain to North Africa. They advanced eastward conquering the coastal regions of 21st century Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. In 435, the Roman Empire, then ruling in North Africa, allowed the Vandals to settle in the provinces of Numidia and Mauretania when it became clear that the Vandal army could not be defeated by Roman military forces. In 439 the Vandals renewed their advance eastward and captured Carthage, the most important city of North Africa. The fledgling kingdom then conquered the Roman-ruled islands of Mallorca, Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica in the western Mediterranean Sea. In the 460s the Romans launched two unsuccessful military expeditions by sea in an attempt to overthrow the Vandals and reclaim North Africa. The conquest of North Africa by the Vandals was a blow to the beleaguered Western Roman Empire as North Africa was a major source of revenue and a supplier of grain (mostly wheat) to the city of Rome. Although primarily remembered for the sack of Rome in 455 and their persecution of Nicene Christians in favor of Arian Christianity, the Vandals were also patrons of learning. Grand building projects continued, schools flourished and North Africa fostered many of the most innovative writers and natural scientists of the late Latin Western Roman Empire. The Vandal Kingdom ended in 534 when it was conquered by Belisarius in the Vandalic War and incorporated into the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire.", "North Africa remained a part of the Roman Empire, which produced many notable citizens such as Augustine of Hippo, until incompetent leadership from Roman commanders in the early fifth century allowed the Germanic peoples, the Vandals, to cross the Strait of Gibraltar, whereupon they overcame the fickle Roman defense. The loss of North Africa is considered a pinnacle point in the fall of the Western Roman Empire as Africa had previously been an important grain province that maintained Roman prosperity despite the barbarian incursions, and the wealth required to create new armies. The issue of regaining North Africa became paramount to the Western Empire, but was frustrated by Vandal victories. The focus of Roman energy had to be on the emerging threat of the Huns. In 468 AD, the Romans made one last serious attempt to invade North Africa but were repelled. This perhaps marks the point of terminal decline for the Western Roman Empire. The last Roman emperor was deposed in 476 by the Heruli general Odoacer. Trade routes between Europe and North Africa remained intact until the coming of Islam. Some Berbers were members of the Early African Church (but evolved their own Donatist doctrine), some were Berber Jews, and some adhered to traditional Berber religion. African pope Victor I served during the reign of Roman emperor Septimius Severus The early Muslim conquests included North Africa by 640. By 700, most of North Africa had come under Muslim rule. Indigenous Berbers subsequently started to form their own polities in response in places such as Fez and Sijilmasa. In the eleventh century, a reformist movement made up of members that called themselves the Almoravid dynasty expanded south into Sub-Saharan Africa. North Africa's populous and flourishing civilization collapsed after exhausting its resources in internal fighting and suffering devastation from the invasion of the Banu Sulaym and Banu Hilal.", "Arabized Berber Arabized Berber () denotes to an inhabitant of the Maghreb region in northwestern Africa, whose native language is a local dialect of Arabic and whose ethnic origins are Berber. Most populations in North Africa are of Berber heritage, including those inhabiting Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Western Sahara, and Mauritania. The widespread language shift from Berber to Arabic happened, at least partially, due to the privileged status that the Arabic language has generally been given in the states of North Africa, from the Arab conquest in 652 up until the European conquest in the twentieth century, as well as the migration of the Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym tribes to North Africa. Medieval Arabic sources frequently refer to North Africa (excluding Egypt) as \"Bilad Al Barbar\" or 'Land of the Berbers' (Arabic: \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631) prior to the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb. This designation may have given rise to the term Barbary Coast which was used by Europeans until the 19th century to refer to coastal Northwest Africa. But the cultural impact of Islam was big as it was the only boost for the spread of the Arabic language. Since the populations were partially affiliated with the Arab Muslim culture, North Africa was starting to be referred to by the Arabic speakers as \"Al-Ma\u0121rib\" (meaning \"The West\") since it was considered as the western part of the known world.", "The invasion, known as Operation Torch, was launched because the Soviet Union had pressed the United States and Britain to start operations in Europe, and open a second front to reduce the pressure of German forces on the Russian troops. While the American commanders favored landing in occupied Europe as soon as possible (Operation Sledgehammer), the British commanders believed that such a move would end in disaster. An attack on French North Africa was proposed instead. This would clear the Axis Powers from North Africa, improve naval control of the Mediterranean Sea, and prepare an invasion of Southern Europe in 1943. American President Franklin Delano Roosevelt suspected the operation in North Africa would rule out an invasion of Europe in 1943 but agreed to support British Prime Minister Winston Churchill. By the time the Tunisia Campaign was fought, the Vichy French forces in North Africa were on the Allied side. Admiral Fran\u00e7ois Darlan had landed in Algiers the day before Operation Torch. Roosevelt and Churchill accepted Darlan, rather than de Gaulle, as the French leader in North Africa. Dwight D. Eisenhower accepted Darlan as high commissioner of North Africa and French West Africa (AEF), a move that enraged de Gaulle, who refused to recognize Darlan's status. After Darlan signed an armistice with the Allies and took power in North Africa, Germany invaded Vichy France on 10 November 1942 (operation code-named Case Anton), triggering the scuttling of the French fleet in Toulon. General Henri Giraud had switched from Vichy to the Allies and Roosevelt found him a preferable alternative to de Gaulle. Giraud arrived in Algiers on November 10, and agreed to subordinate himself to Darlan as the French African army commander. Even though he was now in the Allied camp, Darlan maintained the repressive Vichy system in North Africa, including concentration camps in southern Algeria and racist laws. Detainees were also forced to work on the Transsaharien railroad.", "North Africa North Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in the west, to Egypt's Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east. Others have limited it to the countries of Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia, a region that was known by the French during colonial times as \"Afrique du Nord\" and is known by Arabs as the Maghreb (\"West\", \"The western part of Arab World\"). The most commonly accepted definition includes Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, and Sudan, the 6 countries that shape the top North of the African continent. Meanwhile, \"North Africa\", particularly when used in the term \"North Africa and the Middle East\", often refers only to the countries of the Maghreb and Libya. Egypt, being also part of the Middle East, is often considered separately, due to being both North African and Middle Eastern at the same time. North Africa includes a number of Spanish and Portuguese possessions, Plazas de soberan\u00eda, Ceuta and Melilla and the Canary Islands and Madeira. The countries of North Africa share a common ethnic, cultural and linguistic identity that is unique to this region. Northwest Africa has been inhabited by Berbers since the beginning of recorded history, while the eastern part of North Africa has been home to the Egyptians. Between the A.D. 600s and 1000s, Arabs from the Middle East swept across the region in a wave of Muslim conquest. These peoples, physically quite similar, formed a single population in many areas, as Berbers and Egyptians merged into Arabic and Muslim culture. This process of Arabization and Islamization has defined the cultural landscape of North Africa ever since."], "answer": {"text": "There he was taken prisoner by the British between Mateur and Medjez-el-Bab on 13 April 1943.", "answer_start": 202}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Coppi in WWII?", "answer": {"text": "Coppi joined the army as soldier 7,375 of the 38th Infantry when Italy entered World War II.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was his experience in the war?", "answer": {"text": "but in March 1943 they sent him to North Africa.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_42f71a0f28714edcb5c11e16769ad7fa_0_q#3", "question": "What happened while he was a prisoner?", "rewrite": "What happened while Coppi was a prisoner?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the ninth stage, a group of eight cyclists got away, including Coppi's teammate Andrea Carrea. At the end of the stage, the group had a margin of more than nine minutes. Carrea went to the hotel after the finish, but was picked up by the police. Carrea asked what he had done wrong, but he was told that he was the new leader of the race, and had to go to the ceremony to receive the yellow jersey. Carrea apologised to his team leader Coppi, in fear that his team leader would be angry because a helper occupied the highest rank, but Coppi was not angry. In the tenth stage, Robic attacked, and only Coppi was able to follow him. Later, Robic had a flat tire. Because his team director was far away, he lost several minutes, and lost so much time that he dropped from second place to fifth place. Coppi rode away and won the stage, taking over the lead in the general classification from his teammate. The top three riders were all Italian at that moment. After the rest day, the eleventh stage was again a mountain stage. The cyclists from the French national team, especially G\u00e9miniani, attacked on the Galibier, but Coppi counterattacked and escaped easily. At the end of the stage, Coppi won by a large margin. His lead in the general classification was now almost 20 minutes. The margin was so large that Coppi didn't need to attack in the twelfth stage. When Coppi had a flat tire, his teammate Gino Bartali gave him his own wheel, which was a sign that the rivalry between the two cyclists was over. Even though Coppi rode conservatively in that stage, the cyclist directly behind him in the general classification, Alex Close, lost another four minutes, and Coppi was now 24 minutes ahead.", "A romance began between Occhini and Coppi and they spent the summer together as lovers in 1953, vacationing in Capri. Since they were both married, the relationship aroused great scandal at that time and was strongly opposed by public opinion, particularly by Fausto Coppi's fans, and Occhini was even the recipient of Pope Pius XII's public condemnation. Coppi and his wife, Bruna Ciampolini, unanimously separated in 1954, while Locatelli denounced Occhini for adultery. As a result of this, according to Italian law of time, the lovers having been caught \u201cin flagrante\u201d, the woman was punished with a month's imprisonment in Alessandria and then a period of house arrest in Ancona. Coppi\u2019s passport was withdrawn. Among these many difficulties, Coppi and Occhini married in Mexico (a marriage never recognized in Italy) and Occhini gave birth to a son, Angelo Fausto Coppi, who was born on May 13, 1955 in Buenos Aires. Coppi died of malaria on January 2, 1960, which he caught on a trip to Burkina Faso. Giulia Occhini was admitted to San Giacomo Hospital in Novi Ligure following injuries sustained in a car accident that occurred just in front of Villa Coppi in hamlet Barbellotta of Novi Ligure on 3 August 1991 on board a Fiat Tipo, driven by a family friend, who was hit by a Volkswagen Golf GTI with two young people on board. She died on January 6, 1993, after having been in a coma for almost a year and a half. Giulia Occhini is buried in the new graveyard of Serravalle Scrivia, next to her daughter Loretta \"Lolli\" Locatelli (1946-1981), who died of leukemia.", "Binda tried to convince Coppi that he had been delayed, and he succeeded in keeping Coppi in the race. In the Alps, Coppi recovered. In the sixteenth stage, Coppi escaped, and only Bartali followed him. It was Bartali's 35th birthday, and Coppi gave Bartali the stage victory. After that stage, Bartali was first in the general classification, with Coppi in second place, 82 seconds behind. In stage 17, Bartali and Coppi again were leading together. Around 40 km into the stage, Bartali punctured. Coppi waited for Bartali, but when Bartali later fell and twisted his ankle, team leader Binda allowed Coppi to take off alone. Coppi did so, won the stage, and decided the race. That seventeenth stage finished in the Italian town Aosta. Many Italians had come to see the Tour de France, to cheer on their Italian heroes Coppi and Bartali but also to express their anger against the French cyclists, specifically Jean Robic, who had said in an interview that he could beat those Italians easily. Insults were shouted against non-Italians in the Tour, and some windows of French cars were smashed. For safety, and because there were not enough telephone connections for the journalists, most Tour officials and journalists decided to spend the night in Switzerland. When the Tour returned to France in the nineteenth stage to Colmar, some French spectators took revenge by throwing tomatoes and rocks towards the Italian cyclists and followers. The organisation apologised for this behavior, and the Italian cyclists accepted this apology. In the rest of the race, Coppi's lead was not endangered; Coppi won the mountain time trial in stage 20, and won the Tour with a margin of more than ten minutes over Bartali.", "Bartali had won the previous Tour, and was trying to equal Philippe Thys by winning the Tour three times. Coppi had won the 1949 Giro d'Italia, and wanted to be the first one to achieve the Tour-Giro double in one year. The Italian team manager Alfredo Binda convinced them two weeks before the start of the race to join forces, so both Italians were in the race. The teams entering the race were: The 1949 Tour de France started on 30 June, and had four rest days, in Les Sables-d'Olonne, Pau, Cannes and Aosta. In the early stages, Bartali and Coppi both lost time. Before the fifth stage, Coppi and Bartali both were not in the top fifteen of the general classification. In that fifth stage, Coppi escaped together with the leader of the general classification, Jacques Marinelli. When they were leading by 6 minutes, Coppi and Marinelli fell in Mouen. Marinelli was not hurt and could continue, but Coppi's bike was broken. The Italian team car offered him a new one, but Coppi refused because he wanted his personal spare bike, and threatened to quit the race. When Bartali reached Coppi, he saw the problem, and waited. Even later, the Italian team captain Binda arrived with Coppi's spare bike, and Bartali and Coppi started to ride. Coppi started to slow down, complaining he was hungry and exhausted. Bartali decided he could not wait anymore, and rode away from Coppi. Coppi came in 18 minutes late that stage. Later that night, it became clear that Coppi had been angry because the team leader had not been following him, even though he was in the leading group. Coppi did not want to race in a team where Bartali and not he was the leader.", "The 1952 Giro d'Italia featured one of the first deaths by a rider in the Giro in Orfeo Ponsin who died from complications after crashing into a tree on the descent of the Merluzza. Fausto Coppi took the race lead upon the tenth stage's finish, but the following day he attacked on the Passo Pordoi and rode the rest of the stage by himself to increase his lead. Coppi won two stages after gaining the overall lead, which further cemented his lead in the race. The Swiss rider Hugo Koblet gained the lead of the 1953 Giro d'Italia after the race's stage eight individual time trial. Koblet defended the successfully lead from Fausto Coppi up until the twentieth stage that contained the Passo dello Stelvio. The night before the twentieth stage, Koblet overused amphetamines, which made him uneasy throughout the stage. Kolbet marked an attack on the ascent of the Stelvio while showing signs of weakness. Coppi heard of Koblet's drug use and attacked. Koblet was unable to match Coppi's move and Coppi went on to win the stage and take the race lead. The time gap proved to be enough and Coppi won a record tying five Giro d'Italia. The tensions at the start of the race in 1954 were high because the organizers paid Fausto Coppi a large sum to participate in the race The transaction angered the peloton and led to the race being not highly contested; this was extremely evident on the twenty-first stage when the riders took over nine hours to complete the stage. Eventual winner Carlo Clerici attacked during the sixth leg and gained enough of a time advantage over the rest of the peloton and win the Giro d'Italia."], "answer": {"text": "He was given odd jobs to do.", "answer_start": 429}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Coppi in WWII?", "answer": {"text": "Coppi joined the army as soldier 7,375 of the 38th Infantry when Italy entered World War II.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was his experience in the war?", "answer": {"text": "but in March 1943 they sent him to North Africa.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in Africa?", "answer": {"text": "There he was taken prisoner by the British between Mateur and Medjez-el-Bab on 13 April 1943.", "answer_start": 202, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_42f71a0f28714edcb5c11e16769ad7fa_0_q#4", "question": "Did anything other notable thing happen during his prison time?", "rewrite": "Did any other notable thing happen during Coppi's prison time aside from being given odd jobs?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Coppi joined the army as soldier 7,375 of the 38th Infantry when Italy entered World War II. Officers favoured him at first to keep him riding his bike, but in March 1943 they sent him to North Africa. There he was taken prisoner by the British between Mateur and Medjez-el-Bab on 13 April 1943. He was kept in a prisoner of war camp, where he shared plates with the father of Claudio Chiappucci, who rode the Tour in the 1990s. He was given odd jobs to do. The British cyclist Len Levesley said he was astonished to find Coppi giving him a haircut. Levesley, who was on a stretcher with polio, said: \"I should think it took me all of a full second to realise who it was. He looked fine, he looked slim, and having been in the desert, he looked tanned. I'd only seen him in cycling magazines but I knew instantly who he was. So he cut away at my hair and I tried to have a conversation with him, but he didn't speak English and I don't speak Italian. But we managed one or two words and I got over to him that I did some club racing. And I gave him a bar of chocolate that I had with me and he was grateful for that and that was the end of it\". The British moved Coppi to an RAF base at Caserta in Italy in 1945. There he worked for an officer who had never heard of him. Coppi was allowed liberal terms, the war being as good as over. On release he cycled and hitched lifts home. On Sunday 8 July 1945 he won the Circuit of the Aces in Milan after four years away from racing. The following season he won Milan-San Remo (about these years see also \"Viva Coppi!", "Bronagh disappears late one night, presumably dying after childbirth, leaving behind daughter Saoirse. Six years later, Conor is broken, Saoirse is mute, and Ben is hostile toward Saoirse, blaming her for Bronagh's disappearance. On Saoirse's birthday, they are visited by their grandmother, \"Granny\". That night, Ben scares Saoirse with a story of Mac Lir and his mother Macha, the Owl Witch, who stole his feelings and turned him to stone. Later, Saoirse plays a seashell horn given to Ben by their mother, leading her to a white sealskin coat in Conor's closet. She wears the coat and walks to a group of seals in the sea, revealing her as a selkie. After swimming, she is found by Granny, who insists upon taking the children to the city. Conor reluctantly agrees despite Ben's protests, and locks the coat in a chest, throwing it into the sea. On Halloween, Saoirse plays the seashell, alerting F\u00e6rie to her. She and Ben attempt to go home, but encounter the F\u00e6rie, hopeful that Saoirse will allow them to return to T\u00edr na n\u00d3g. However, they are attacked by Macha's owls, turning the F\u00e6rie to stone. They take a country bus, and run into C\u00fa, who had followed them. However, Saoirse is growing ill. They come across a sacred well that Saoirse dives into. Ben follows and meets the Great Seanacha\u00ed: they learn Saoirse was kidnapped by Macha, and she is mute because she needs the coat, and will soon die if she does not get it back. He gives Ben one of his hairs that will lead him to Macha.", "Stanley Odd Jobs The Stanley #1 Odd Jobs was a tool produced by the Stanley Works from 1888 to the 1930s. It combined features of sundry tools, in a single pocketable tool, including: The name \"Odd Jobs\" denotes that the tool does many kinds of sundry tool roles. Its closest cousin among common, modern tools, is the combination square, which shares with the Odd Job the functions of scribing, squaring, level/plumb, and the sliding and locking ruler (usually a steel one was included, but this was often changed, the Garret Wade reproduction uses a brass bound wooden ruler). However, the \"Odd Jobs\" still has some unique functions in its total package, including the compass, and compensated gauging. Th Odd Jobs was developed by George F. Hall of Long Branch, New Jersey, and patented by him, filing on 7 May 1866, and receiving patent No. 356 533 on 25 January 1887. This patent date can be seen on early examples \"PATJAN2587\" across the width of the tool. The OddJobs was produced by Stanley from 1887/8 to 1935. It came in a cardboard box with instruction leaflet. It could be combined with any suitable 1 inch wooden rule, notably the Stanley four-fold boxwood and brass rule. The device was nickel coated, and earlier versions could take a pencil. It weighed . The price changed with time, but prices include 75 cents and $1.10. Stanley ceased production of the Odd Jobs in 1935, the Garrett Wade tool company revived the tool in 1996, and currently produces Odd Jobs according to the original Stanley design, in two different sizes.. Woodpeckers has produced it as a one time tool twice now.", "Binda tried to convince Coppi that he had been delayed, and he succeeded in keeping Coppi in the race. In the Alps, Coppi recovered. In the sixteenth stage, Coppi escaped, and only Bartali followed him. It was Bartali's 35th birthday, and Coppi gave Bartali the stage victory. After that stage, Bartali was first in the general classification, with Coppi in second place, 82 seconds behind. In stage 17, Bartali and Coppi again were leading together. Around 40 km into the stage, Bartali punctured. Coppi waited for Bartali, but when Bartali later fell and twisted his ankle, team leader Binda allowed Coppi to take off alone. Coppi did so, won the stage, and decided the race. That seventeenth stage finished in the Italian town Aosta. Many Italians had come to see the Tour de France, to cheer on their Italian heroes Coppi and Bartali but also to express their anger against the French cyclists, specifically Jean Robic, who had said in an interview that he could beat those Italians easily. Insults were shouted against non-Italians in the Tour, and some windows of French cars were smashed. For safety, and because there were not enough telephone connections for the journalists, most Tour officials and journalists decided to spend the night in Switzerland. When the Tour returned to France in the nineteenth stage to Colmar, some French spectators took revenge by throwing tomatoes and rocks towards the Italian cyclists and followers. The organisation apologised for this behavior, and the Italian cyclists accepted this apology. In the rest of the race, Coppi's lead was not endangered; Coppi won the mountain time trial in stage 20, and won the Tour with a margin of more than ten minutes over Bartali.", "Bartali had won the previous Tour, and was trying to equal Philippe Thys by winning the Tour three times. Coppi had won the 1949 Giro d'Italia, and wanted to be the first one to achieve the Tour-Giro double in one year. The Italian team manager Alfredo Binda convinced them two weeks before the start of the race to join forces, so both Italians were in the race. The teams entering the race were: The 1949 Tour de France started on 30 June, and had four rest days, in Les Sables-d'Olonne, Pau, Cannes and Aosta. In the early stages, Bartali and Coppi both lost time. Before the fifth stage, Coppi and Bartali both were not in the top fifteen of the general classification. In that fifth stage, Coppi escaped together with the leader of the general classification, Jacques Marinelli. When they were leading by 6 minutes, Coppi and Marinelli fell in Mouen. Marinelli was not hurt and could continue, but Coppi's bike was broken. The Italian team car offered him a new one, but Coppi refused because he wanted his personal spare bike, and threatened to quit the race. When Bartali reached Coppi, he saw the problem, and waited. Even later, the Italian team captain Binda arrived with Coppi's spare bike, and Bartali and Coppi started to ride. Coppi started to slow down, complaining he was hungry and exhausted. Bartali decided he could not wait anymore, and rode away from Coppi. Coppi came in 18 minutes late that stage. Later that night, it became clear that Coppi had been angry because the team leader had not been following him, even though he was in the leading group. Coppi did not want to race in a team where Bartali and not he was the leader."], "answer": {"text": "The British cyclist Len Levesley said he was astonished to find Coppi giving him a haircut.", "answer_start": 458}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Coppi in WWII?", "answer": {"text": "Coppi joined the army as soldier 7,375 of the 38th Infantry when Italy entered World War II.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was his experience in the war?", "answer": {"text": "but in March 1943 they sent him to North Africa.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in Africa?", "answer": {"text": "There he was taken prisoner by the British between Mateur and Medjez-el-Bab on 13 April 1943.", "answer_start": 202, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened while he was a prisoner?", "answer": {"text": "He was given odd jobs to do.", "answer_start": 429, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_42f71a0f28714edcb5c11e16769ad7fa_0_q#5", "question": "What happened after his prison time?", "rewrite": "What happened after Coppi's prison time?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the ninth stage, a group of eight cyclists got away, including Coppi's teammate Andrea Carrea. At the end of the stage, the group had a margin of more than nine minutes. Carrea went to the hotel after the finish, but was picked up by the police. Carrea asked what he had done wrong, but he was told that he was the new leader of the race, and had to go to the ceremony to receive the yellow jersey. Carrea apologised to his team leader Coppi, in fear that his team leader would be angry because a helper occupied the highest rank, but Coppi was not angry. In the tenth stage, Robic attacked, and only Coppi was able to follow him. Later, Robic had a flat tire. Because his team director was far away, he lost several minutes, and lost so much time that he dropped from second place to fifth place. Coppi rode away and won the stage, taking over the lead in the general classification from his teammate. The top three riders were all Italian at that moment. After the rest day, the eleventh stage was again a mountain stage. The cyclists from the French national team, especially G\u00e9miniani, attacked on the Galibier, but Coppi counterattacked and escaped easily. At the end of the stage, Coppi won by a large margin. His lead in the general classification was now almost 20 minutes. The margin was so large that Coppi didn't need to attack in the twelfth stage. When Coppi had a flat tire, his teammate Gino Bartali gave him his own wheel, which was a sign that the rivalry between the two cyclists was over. Even though Coppi rode conservatively in that stage, the cyclist directly behind him in the general classification, Alex Close, lost another four minutes, and Coppi was now 24 minutes ahead.", "Bartali had won the previous Tour, and was trying to equal Philippe Thys by winning the Tour three times. Coppi had won the 1949 Giro d'Italia, and wanted to be the first one to achieve the Tour-Giro double in one year. The Italian team manager Alfredo Binda convinced them two weeks before the start of the race to join forces, so both Italians were in the race. The teams entering the race were: The 1949 Tour de France started on 30 June, and had four rest days, in Les Sables-d'Olonne, Pau, Cannes and Aosta. In the early stages, Bartali and Coppi both lost time. Before the fifth stage, Coppi and Bartali both were not in the top fifteen of the general classification. In that fifth stage, Coppi escaped together with the leader of the general classification, Jacques Marinelli. When they were leading by 6 minutes, Coppi and Marinelli fell in Mouen. Marinelli was not hurt and could continue, but Coppi's bike was broken. The Italian team car offered him a new one, but Coppi refused because he wanted his personal spare bike, and threatened to quit the race. When Bartali reached Coppi, he saw the problem, and waited. Even later, the Italian team captain Binda arrived with Coppi's spare bike, and Bartali and Coppi started to ride. Coppi started to slow down, complaining he was hungry and exhausted. Bartali decided he could not wait anymore, and rode away from Coppi. Coppi came in 18 minutes late that stage. Later that night, it became clear that Coppi had been angry because the team leader had not been following him, even though he was in the leading group. Coppi did not want to race in a team where Bartali and not he was the leader.", "Binda tried to convince Coppi that he had been delayed, and he succeeded in keeping Coppi in the race. In the Alps, Coppi recovered. In the sixteenth stage, Coppi escaped, and only Bartali followed him. It was Bartali's 35th birthday, and Coppi gave Bartali the stage victory. After that stage, Bartali was first in the general classification, with Coppi in second place, 82 seconds behind. In stage 17, Bartali and Coppi again were leading together. Around 40 km into the stage, Bartali punctured. Coppi waited for Bartali, but when Bartali later fell and twisted his ankle, team leader Binda allowed Coppi to take off alone. Coppi did so, won the stage, and decided the race. That seventeenth stage finished in the Italian town Aosta. Many Italians had come to see the Tour de France, to cheer on their Italian heroes Coppi and Bartali but also to express their anger against the French cyclists, specifically Jean Robic, who had said in an interview that he could beat those Italians easily. Insults were shouted against non-Italians in the Tour, and some windows of French cars were smashed. For safety, and because there were not enough telephone connections for the journalists, most Tour officials and journalists decided to spend the night in Switzerland. When the Tour returned to France in the nineteenth stage to Colmar, some French spectators took revenge by throwing tomatoes and rocks towards the Italian cyclists and followers. The organisation apologised for this behavior, and the Italian cyclists accepted this apology. In the rest of the race, Coppi's lead was not endangered; Coppi won the mountain time trial in stage 20, and won the Tour with a margin of more than ten minutes over Bartali.", "Hans Coppi Jr. Hans Coppi Jr. (born November 27, 1942) is a German historian. His parents, Hilde and Hans Coppi, were active in the German Resistance and were both executed by the Nazis. Coppi was born at Barnimstra\u00dfe Women's Prison in Berlin. His parents were arrested on September 12, 1942 in Schrimm (now \u015arem, Poland). His paternal grandparents, maternal grandmother and one uncle were also arrested around this time. At the time of his parents' arrest, his mother was \"hochschwanger\", literally \"highly pregnant\". His father was convicted and executed shortly after his birth. Coppi's father was allowed to see him in his mother's arms one last time before being executed. His mother attempted to get clemency, but it was denied by Adolf Hitler in July 1943. She was allowed to nurse her son until shortly before her execution on August 5, 1943 at Pl\u00f6tzensee Prison, when Coppi was just eight months old. Coppi grew up with his grandparents. After studying economics in college, Coppi worked at an East German foreign trade company for machine tools as a party secretary of the ruling SED party. From 1984 to 1987, he was employed by the Berlin district leadership of the Socialist Unity Party (SED). After a year of study abroad in Moscow, he went to the Harnack/Schulze-Boysen Research Center at the Academy of Sciences in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Writing his dissertation on Harro Schulze-Boysen, he got his doctorate at the Berlin Institute of Technology in 1992. He has spent considerable time devoted to the study of the Red Orchestra and the German Resistance.", "The 1952 Giro d'Italia featured one of the first deaths by a rider in the Giro in Orfeo Ponsin who died from complications after crashing into a tree on the descent of the Merluzza. Fausto Coppi took the race lead upon the tenth stage's finish, but the following day he attacked on the Passo Pordoi and rode the rest of the stage by himself to increase his lead. Coppi won two stages after gaining the overall lead, which further cemented his lead in the race. The Swiss rider Hugo Koblet gained the lead of the 1953 Giro d'Italia after the race's stage eight individual time trial. Koblet defended the successfully lead from Fausto Coppi up until the twentieth stage that contained the Passo dello Stelvio. The night before the twentieth stage, Koblet overused amphetamines, which made him uneasy throughout the stage. Kolbet marked an attack on the ascent of the Stelvio while showing signs of weakness. Coppi heard of Koblet's drug use and attacked. Koblet was unable to match Coppi's move and Coppi went on to win the stage and take the race lead. The time gap proved to be enough and Coppi won a record tying five Giro d'Italia. The tensions at the start of the race in 1954 were high because the organizers paid Fausto Coppi a large sum to participate in the race The transaction angered the peloton and led to the race being not highly contested; this was extremely evident on the twenty-first stage when the riders took over nine hours to complete the stage. Eventual winner Carlo Clerici attacked during the sixth leg and gained enough of a time advantage over the rest of the peloton and win the Giro d'Italia."], "answer": {"text": "The British moved Coppi to an RAF base at Caserta in Italy in 1945.", "answer_start": 1145}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Coppi in WWII?", "answer": {"text": "Coppi joined the army as soldier 7,375 of the 38th Infantry when Italy entered World War II.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was his experience in the war?", "answer": {"text": "but in March 1943 they sent him to North Africa.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in Africa?", "answer": {"text": "There he was taken prisoner by the British between Mateur and Medjez-el-Bab on 13 April 1943.", "answer_start": 202, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened while he was a prisoner?", "answer": {"text": "He was given odd jobs to do.", "answer_start": 429, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anything other notable thing happen during his prison time?", "answer": {"text": "The British cyclist Len Levesley said he was astonished to find Coppi giving him a haircut.", "answer_start": 458, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_42f71a0f28714edcb5c11e16769ad7fa_0_q#6", "question": "What happened while at the base?", "rewrite": "What happened while at RAF base?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["RAF Ta Kali Royal Air Force Ta Kali was a Royal Air Force fighter operations base located on the island of Malta, which started life in 1940 as a diversion airstrip for the main operating bases such as RAF Luqa. Other diversion airstrips similar in function to Ta Kali were located at RAF Hal Far and on Malta's second island of Gozo at Xewkija airfield. The base's name reflects an anglicised corruption of the correct Maltese spelling of Ta' Qali, other phonetic variants of the correct name also appear regularly. Ta' Qali originally had an unpaved airstrip before the outbreak of hostilities in 1939. The original airfield was built on a dried lake bed in the interior of the island on reasonably featureless plain situated between Rabat and Valletta. Before the war it was used by civil aircraft, but its runway surface became unusable in heavy rain and so it was improved somewhat by the RAF. The former civil aviation facility was renamed RAF Station Ta Kali on 8 November 1940. RAF Ta Kali was developed at a time when Malta was under intense aerial bombardment and Malta's Air Command needed to have alternative diversion airstrips on Malta, as the RAF's main operating bases were being bombed. Airfield improvements started in 1940 and for the next three years the RAF base was heavily developed. The following fighter squadrons were based at RAF Ta Kali: RAF Ta Kali remained a target for Axis aircraft attacks during the height of the siege. Control of the airfield would transfer to the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm in 1945 as a shore establishment known as HMS Goldfinch, eventually it would be returned to RAF ownership in 1953. It was eventually closed as an active RAF base in 1968. In 1952 RAF Gloster Meteor T7s were based at Ta' Qali.", "The tithes have been commuted for a rent-charge of \u00a3365, with a glebe of 23 acres. The living is a rectory* in the diocese of Gloucester and Bristol, value \u00a3370. The church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, is a modern structure, except the tower, rebuilt at the expense of the landholders. The peal of bells has recently been increased to six. There is a village school, supported by subscription. The Right Hon. Thomas H. S. Sotheron Estcourt, M. P., is lord of the manor. \" During the 1870s Long Newnton was described as follows: \"The village stands near Akeman-street, and near the boundary with Gloucestershire, 1\u00bd mile E of Tetbury, and 6\u00bd S W by W of Tetbury-road r. station; was known to the Saxons as Newantune; and has a post-office under Tetbury. The parish comprises 2,289 acres. \"During the First World War , RAF Long Newnton was built on a farm, an RAF base that consisted of an aerial gunnery range, and then was used for storage of ammunition and bombs. When the war was finished great efforts were made to remove the bombs and ammunition from the site for safety. In 1939 RAF Long Newnton was made into a decoy airfield, as part of the planning for World War Two which involved strategic lighting to fool Germans yet allow the RAF fighters to avoid landing there. In 1940 the site became a training school as part of the RAF and a relief landing ground. However by 1947 the RAF base was completely unused and the land was bought privately for agricultural purposes. Three Solar farms now sit in its place however some remains of the RAF base have survived and these have become a magnet for those interested in the history. Historically the village was also known as \"Long Newnton\".", "In September 1945, he was posted as station commander at the RAF Base in Kuala Lumpur; he remained there until May 1947, and was awarded an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for his services in south-east Asia. Returning to Britain in June 1947, he undertook a six-month course at the Staff College, before receiving a two-year posting as senior personnel staff officer of No. 21 Group, Flying Training Command. Promoted to wing commander on 1 July 1947, his next posting was as the senior instructor on the leadership course at Digby, Lincolnshire. Subsequently, he was appointed station commander at Wattisham, Suffolk. He was promoted to group captain on 1 January 1954. Edwards was the Station Commander of the RAF base RAF Habbaniya in Iraq during the Suez Crisis of 1956, and also the critical time of the Iraqi Revolution of 14 July 1958. He returned to Britain on 21 October 1958 to command the Central Fighter Establishment, West Raynham, with the acting rank of air commodore. Awarded a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 1959 New Year Honours, he was promoted to the substantive rank of air commodore on 1 July 1959, and appointed as an aide-de-camp to Queen Elizabeth II in March 1960. His final appointment with the RAF was as Director of Establishments at the Air Ministry, London, from January 1962 until his retirement on 30 September 1963. Returning to Australia, Edwards became the Australian Representative for Selection Trust. In 1966 his wife, Cherry, died; he married Dorothy Carew Berrick in 1972. The pair were said to complement each other well, as Dorothy limped on her left leg after being knocked over by a car on a crosswalk in Sydney in 1970, while Edwards limped with his right after his flying accident in 1938.", "On 20 June 1936, a DeHavilland biplane - a DH60X Moth, G-EBRT took off from Ashingdom Aerodrome in Canewdon Road and failed to gain sufficient altitude to fly over Ashingdon Minster on Ashingdon Hill. It crashed into the tall dense trees surrounding the churchyard and it came stuck intact in the branches at a height of about 10 metres (30 feet) above ground. The pilot was not injured and he climbed down the tree to firm ground. Some people in the village say that a \"Flying Flea\" also crashed into the churchyard trees. Eventually, Southend Municipal Airport opened on the old Royal Flying Corps/RAF base and all flying moved to the new airport by the late 1930s. Soon it reverted to military use as RAF Rochford and it became a Battle of Britain RAF base as well as a pilot training airfield. After the Second World War, RAF Rochford became a civil airport again, now called London Southend Airport. So, early aviation has taken place at five successive locations in and around Ashingdon. Early aviation pioneers and their aircraft that were developed at South Fambridge were: Eardley Billing, Gordon England, Green's Motor Patents, Handley Page, Lascelles Engines, Gerald Leake, Robert Macfie, W.O. Manning, Pemberton Billing, De Pischoff & Koechlin, Seaton Kerr, Talbot Quick, Howard Wright, Jose Weiss. Then in the 1930s: W.G. Pudney, Henri Mignet, Frank Neale, Mervyn Chadwick, Lascelles Motors, Raymond Gordon and many others. Aircraft flying from Ashingdon Aerodrome were: Aeronca 100 and C2, Airspeed AS.4, Mignet HM.14", "Despite these advances, the slums around Westgate were over-crowded, lacking sanitation and disease-ridden; the local administration failed to deal with the matter until 1850, when a report on the town's public health by the General Board of Health heavily criticised the situation and set up a Local Board of Health to undertake public works. By the 1880s, Lord Bristol had allowed clean water to be pumped into the town, but engineering problems and a reluctance to sell land to house the turbines had delayed the introduction of sewers. Although largely undamaged in the First and Second World Wars, Sleaford has close links with the Royal Air Force due to its proximity to several RAF bases, including RAF Cranwell and RAF Waddington. Lincolnshire's topography\u2014flat and open countryside\u2014and its location on the east of the country made it ideal for the development of Britain's airfields, constructed in the First World War. Work began on Cranwell in late 1915; it was designated an RAF base in 1918 and the RAF College opened in 1920 as the world's first air academy. The Cranwell branch railway linking Sleaford station to the RAF base opened in 1917 and closed in 1956. During the Second World War, Lincolnshire was \"the most significant location for bomber command\" and Rauceby Hospital, south-west of Sleaford, was requisitioned by the RAF as a specialist burns unit which plastic surgeon Archibald McIndoe regularly visited. In the inter-war period, Sleaford's population remained static, but the Great Depression in the 1930s caused unemployment to rise. Council-housing developments along Drove Lane proved insufficient to house low-income families after the Westgate slums were cleared in the 1930s so Jubilee Grove opened in that decade to meet the demand."], "answer": {"text": "There he worked for an officer who had never heard of him. Coppi was allowed liberal terms, the war being as good as over.", "answer_start": 1213}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Coppi in WWII?", "answer": {"text": "Coppi joined the army as soldier 7,375 of the 38th Infantry when Italy entered World War II.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was his experience in the war?", "answer": {"text": "but in March 1943 they sent him to North Africa.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in Africa?", "answer": {"text": "There he was taken prisoner by the British between Mateur and Medjez-el-Bab on 13 April 1943.", "answer_start": 202, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened while he was a prisoner?", "answer": {"text": "He was given odd jobs to do.", "answer_start": 429, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anything other notable thing happen during his prison time?", "answer": {"text": "The British cyclist Len Levesley said he was astonished to find Coppi giving him a haircut.", "answer_start": 458, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after his prison time?", "answer": {"text": "The British moved Coppi to an RAF base at Caserta in Italy in 1945.", "answer_start": 1145, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_42f71a0f28714edcb5c11e16769ad7fa_0_q#7", "question": "Is there anything else interesting?", "rewrite": "Is there anything else interesting that happened besides Coppi working for an officer?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Bartali had won the previous Tour, and was trying to equal Philippe Thys by winning the Tour three times. Coppi had won the 1949 Giro d'Italia, and wanted to be the first one to achieve the Tour-Giro double in one year. The Italian team manager Alfredo Binda convinced them two weeks before the start of the race to join forces, so both Italians were in the race. The teams entering the race were: The 1949 Tour de France started on 30 June, and had four rest days, in Les Sables-d'Olonne, Pau, Cannes and Aosta. In the early stages, Bartali and Coppi both lost time. Before the fifth stage, Coppi and Bartali both were not in the top fifteen of the general classification. In that fifth stage, Coppi escaped together with the leader of the general classification, Jacques Marinelli. When they were leading by 6 minutes, Coppi and Marinelli fell in Mouen. Marinelli was not hurt and could continue, but Coppi's bike was broken. The Italian team car offered him a new one, but Coppi refused because he wanted his personal spare bike, and threatened to quit the race. When Bartali reached Coppi, he saw the problem, and waited. Even later, the Italian team captain Binda arrived with Coppi's spare bike, and Bartali and Coppi started to ride. Coppi started to slow down, complaining he was hungry and exhausted. Bartali decided he could not wait anymore, and rode away from Coppi. Coppi came in 18 minutes late that stage. Later that night, it became clear that Coppi had been angry because the team leader had not been following him, even though he was in the leading group. Coppi did not want to race in a team where Bartali and not he was the leader.", "The lives of each came together on 7 January 1940 when Eberrardo Pavesi, head of the Legnano team, took on Coppi to ride for Bartali. Bartali thought Coppi was \"as thin as a mutton bone\", but accepted. Their rivalry started when Coppi, the helper, won the Giro and Bartali, the star, marshalled the two men's team to chase him. By the 1948 world championship at Valkenburg, both climbed off rather than help the other win. The Italian cycling association said: \"They have forgotten to honour the Italian prestige they represent. Thinking only of their personal rivalry, they abandoned the race, to the approbation of all sportsmen. \" They were suspended for two months. The thaw partly broke when the pair shared a drink bottle during the climb of the Col d'Izoard in the 1952 Tour but the two men fell out over who had offered it. \"I did,\" Bartali insisted. \" He never gave me anything. \" Their rivalry was the subject of intense coverage and resulted in many epic races. When professional cycle racing resumed in 1946 after World War II, Bartali narrowly beat Coppi in that year's Giro, while Coppi won Milan\u2013San Remo. Bartali won the Tour de Suisse twice, another Milan\u2013San Remo, and the 1948 Tour de France \u2013 a full ten years after his last victory. Coppi took victories in the 1947 Giro d'Italia, the Giro di Lombardia and the Grand Prix des Nations. Despite the rivalry, perhaps heightened by Coppi's victory in the 1949 Giro, Bartali supported Coppi's bid in the 1949 Tour de France. The two Italian teammates destroyed the race as a contest in a mountainous Alpine stage over the Col de Vars and Col d'Izoard.", "In the ninth stage, a group of eight cyclists got away, including Coppi's teammate Andrea Carrea. At the end of the stage, the group had a margin of more than nine minutes. Carrea went to the hotel after the finish, but was picked up by the police. Carrea asked what he had done wrong, but he was told that he was the new leader of the race, and had to go to the ceremony to receive the yellow jersey. Carrea apologised to his team leader Coppi, in fear that his team leader would be angry because a helper occupied the highest rank, but Coppi was not angry. In the tenth stage, Robic attacked, and only Coppi was able to follow him. Later, Robic had a flat tire. Because his team director was far away, he lost several minutes, and lost so much time that he dropped from second place to fifth place. Coppi rode away and won the stage, taking over the lead in the general classification from his teammate. The top three riders were all Italian at that moment. After the rest day, the eleventh stage was again a mountain stage. The cyclists from the French national team, especially G\u00e9miniani, attacked on the Galibier, but Coppi counterattacked and escaped easily. At the end of the stage, Coppi won by a large margin. His lead in the general classification was now almost 20 minutes. The margin was so large that Coppi didn't need to attack in the twelfth stage. When Coppi had a flat tire, his teammate Gino Bartali gave him his own wheel, which was a sign that the rivalry between the two cyclists was over. Even though Coppi rode conservatively in that stage, the cyclist directly behind him in the general classification, Alex Close, lost another four minutes, and Coppi was now 24 minutes ahead.", "Binda tried to convince Coppi that he had been delayed, and he succeeded in keeping Coppi in the race. In the Alps, Coppi recovered. In the sixteenth stage, Coppi escaped, and only Bartali followed him. It was Bartali's 35th birthday, and Coppi gave Bartali the stage victory. After that stage, Bartali was first in the general classification, with Coppi in second place, 82 seconds behind. In stage 17, Bartali and Coppi again were leading together. Around 40 km into the stage, Bartali punctured. Coppi waited for Bartali, but when Bartali later fell and twisted his ankle, team leader Binda allowed Coppi to take off alone. Coppi did so, won the stage, and decided the race. That seventeenth stage finished in the Italian town Aosta. Many Italians had come to see the Tour de France, to cheer on their Italian heroes Coppi and Bartali but also to express their anger against the French cyclists, specifically Jean Robic, who had said in an interview that he could beat those Italians easily. Insults were shouted against non-Italians in the Tour, and some windows of French cars were smashed. For safety, and because there were not enough telephone connections for the journalists, most Tour officials and journalists decided to spend the night in Switzerland. When the Tour returned to France in the nineteenth stage to Colmar, some French spectators took revenge by throwing tomatoes and rocks towards the Italian cyclists and followers. The organisation apologised for this behavior, and the Italian cyclists accepted this apology. In the rest of the race, Coppi's lead was not endangered; Coppi won the mountain time trial in stage 20, and won the Tour with a margin of more than ten minutes over Bartali.", "Phyllonorycter spinicolella Phyllonorycter spinicolella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is probably present in all of Europe. The wingspan is 6\u20138 mm. Adults are on wing in May and again in August in two generations per year. The larvae feed on \"Prunus cerasifera\", \"Prunus domestica\", \"Prunus padus\" and \"Prunus spinosa\". They mine the leaves of their host plant creating a lower-surface, strongly inflated tentifom mine between to side veins. The lower epidermis is folded. Pupation takes place in a white cocoon and the frass is deposited in a corner of the mine."], "answer": {"text": "On Sunday 8 July 1945 he won the Circuit of the Aces in Milan after four years away from racing.", "answer_start": 1381}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Coppi in WWII?", "answer": {"text": "Coppi joined the army as soldier 7,375 of the 38th Infantry when Italy entered World War II.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was his experience in the war?", "answer": {"text": "but in March 1943 they sent him to North Africa.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in Africa?", "answer": {"text": "There he was taken prisoner by the British between Mateur and Medjez-el-Bab on 13 April 1943.", "answer_start": 202, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened while he was a prisoner?", "answer": {"text": "He was given odd jobs to do.", "answer_start": 429, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anything other notable thing happen during his prison time?", "answer": {"text": "The British cyclist Len Levesley said he was astonished to find Coppi giving him a haircut.", "answer_start": 458, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after his prison time?", "answer": {"text": "The British moved Coppi to an RAF base at Caserta in Italy in 1945.", "answer_start": 1145, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened while at the base?", "answer": {"text": "There he worked for an officer who had never heard of him. Coppi was allowed liberal terms, the war being as good as over.", "answer_start": 1213, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f0caee6e7a294745a11a58d9005ccd4f_0_q#0", "question": "Where is Brandeis University?", "rewrite": "Where is Brandeis University?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Brandeis International Business School Brandeis International Business School is part of Brandeis University, located in Waltham, Massachusetts. Brandeis International Business School offers graduate and undergraduate degree programs in business, finance and economics, with over 3,000 alumni in over 100 countries. By teaching rigorous business, finance and economics, connecting students to best practices and immersing them in international experiences, Brandeis International Business School prepares exceptional individuals from around the globe to become principled professionals in companies and public institutions worldwide. Peter Petri founded the school, and Bruce R. Magid served as dean of the school from 2007 to 2016, with Peter Petri serving as interim dean from 2016 to 2018. Kathryn Graddy, appointed dean in 2018, is the current dean of the school. Brandeis University, the parent institution of Brandeis IBS, was founded in 1948. Brandeis IBS was first established as the Graduate School of International Economics and Finance (GSIEF), reflecting increased student enrollment in economics and finance courses, and the creation of the PhD in International Economics and Finance in 1994. In 1998, the MBA and Master of Science in Finance (MSF) programs were added, broadening the scope of the school's teaching and research. The school was renamed Brandeis International Business School in 2003 to reflect this broader expertise and the increasing focus on international and global business. In 2010, Brandeis University introduced a business major and minor, through which undergraduates are able to take graduate classes in management and international finance at Brandeis IBS. In 2017, the school introduced an Accelerated Master's program in economics and finance. The school focuses on teaching rigorous business, finance and economics, and connecting students to real-world examples and industry practices to immerse them in the fields they wish to work in after graduation.", "John Bush Jones John Bush Jones (born August 1940) is an American author, theatre director and former theatre critic and educator. Jones taught theatre for more than two decades at Brandeis University. He has written widely about musical theatre. He was born in Chicago and received an undergraduate degree in Speech (Theatre), with Distinction, from Northwestern University in 1962. He earned his Ph.D. from Northwestern in 1970. Jones reviewed drama for the \"Kansas City Star\" and taught English at the University of Kansas before joining the faculty at Brandeis University in 1978, in the Theater Arts Department. In 1996, he received the Louis Dembitz Brandeis Prize for Excellence in Teaching. At Brandeis, Jones served on the organizing committee for many years of the Kennedy Center American College Theater Festival. He directed numerous plays and musicals both at Brandeis and in professional theatre, including \"Ruddigore\", \"Uncommon Women and Others\" and \"She Loves Me\". He retired from Brandeis in 2001. He is the author of many articles and has written theatre criticism for several newspapers and magazines. His books include \"W. S. Gilbert: A Century of Scholarship and Commentary\", (New York University Press, 1970), \"Readings in Descriptive Bibliography\" (Kent State University, 1974), \"Our Musicals, Ourselves: A Social History of the American Musical Theater\" (Brandeis University Press, 2003), \"The Songs That Fought the War\" (Brandeis, 2006), and \"All-Out for Victory! Magazine Advertising and the World War II Home Front\" (Brandeis, 2009). His articles include \"In Search of Archibald Grosvenor: A New Look at Gilbert's \"Pateince\"\", \"Victorian Poetry\", Vol. III (1965))", "Brandeis University President's House The Brandeis University President's House, also known as the Leland Powers House, is an historic house on 66 Beaumont Avenue in Newton, Massachusetts. Built in 1913\u201314 for Leland Powers, it is a prominent large-scale example of Craftsman architecture. It has also served as the official residence of two presidents of Brandeis University and Roger Berkowitz, the CEO of Legal Sea Foods. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. The Brandeis University President's House stands in a subdivision known as Grove Hill Park, on the south side of the village of Newtonville. It is set at the northeast corner of Beaumont and Prospect Streets, amid other houses of similar scale. It is a two-story L-shaped structure, oriented with its main facade to the north, presenting a side to Beaumont Street and the house rear to Prospect. It is covered by a hip roof with broad raking eaves, under which rafters are exposed. The main facade has bands of windows on either side of the center entrance, which has sidelight windows articulated by brackets supporting a projecting cornice, which transitions to a half-round shape that houses a transom window. The exterior is finished in stucco applied over rubblestone walls The interior is richly decorated with Arts and Crafts features. The house was built in 1913\u201314 as the residence of noted educator Leland Powers, and was severely damaged by an anarchist bomb attack in 1919. Powers, at the time a state legislator, was active in legislating against the rise of anarchist activity; his family moved out of the house in 1921. It was acquired in 1948 by the recently founded Brandeis University as the home of its first president, Abram L. Sachar.", "The Justice (newspaper) The Justice is the independent student newspaper of Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts. The paper is run primarily by undergraduate students. Since its founding in 1949, the \"Justice\" has provided a critical perspective on Brandeis University policy and events, but it has also received criticism from major media outlets for controversies involving its editorial judgment. \" The Justice\" is published every Tuesday and distributed throughout the Brandeis campus. Brandeis was established in 1948, and members of the founding class of 107 first-year students created the \"Justice\" the following spring. The newspaper was named after the university\u2019s namesake, Justice Louis Brandeis. In its first issue, published in March 1949, Carl Werner \u201952 outlined the responsibilities that the first graduating class had on its shoulders. \u201cBrandeis University is depending on its teachers, but even more so it is depending on its students. If you fail, you are hurting the chances of its survival,\u201d Werner wrote. In the 1950-1951 school year, as the nascent school underwent large-scale construction, the \"Justice\" documented the progress of construction crews, which, according to the Brandeis Internet and Technology Service\u2019s history of the university, appeared to be unusually slow. \u201cEven the new facilities sometimes worked to challenge their resolve. In the new Ridgewood Quad broken pipes led to extended periods without heat, compounded by the swamp of ankle-deep mud between the dorms and the center of campus, dubbed by residents the \u2018Ridgewood Quagmire.\u2019\u201d \"The Justice\" was an outlet for students to voice their concerns about the school\u2019s growing pains. As the school expanded, Brandeis president Abram L. Sachar announced plans to build a Jewish chapel in the 1952-53 school year.", "Brandeis University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS) at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, United States was established in 1953 on a 235-acre suburban campus, located 9 miles outside of Boston, and is one of four graduate schools on campus. Brandeis University, founded in 1948, is named for the late U.S. Supreme Court Justice Louis Dembitz Brandeis and reflects the ideals of academic excellence and social justice that he personified. Soon after its founding, Brandeis University established an international reputation through prominent early faculty members such as Eleanor Roosevelt and composer Leonard Bernstein, and through election to the Association of American Universities. In the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences' first year (1953), 42 students were enrolled in four areas of study: chemistry, Near Eastern and Judaic Studies, music composition, and psychology. Today, Brandeis University's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences enrolls more than 900 students pursuing advanced degrees in more than 40 master's and certificate degrees and 17 doctoral programs. According to its mission statement, \"Brandeis University is a community of scholars and students united by their commitment to the pursuit of knowledge and its transmission from generation to generation. As a research university, Brandeis is dedicated to the advancement of the humanities, arts and social, natural and physical sciences. As a liberal arts college, Brandeis affirms the importance of a broad and critical education in enriching the lives of students and preparing them for full participation in a changing society, capable of promoting their own welfare, yet remaining deeply concerned about the welfare of others. In a world of challenging social and technological transformations, Brandeis remains a center of open inquiry and teaching, cherishing its independence from any doctrine or government."], "answer": {"text": "Davis was awarded a scholarship to Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f0caee6e7a294745a11a58d9005ccd4f_0_q#1", "question": "What did Davis Study at Brandeis university?", "rewrite": "What did Angela Davis Study at Brandeis university?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Angela Davis Johnson Angela Davis Johnson is an American painter, mixed-media artist, and ritual performance artist. She currently lives Atlanta, Georgia. She is the mother of two children. Her work revolves around the evolving identity of African-Americans throughout history, especially African-American women. Davis Johnson\u2019s work has shown in numerous exhibitions including the Delta Exhibition at Arkansas Arts Center in Little Rock, AR, Texarkana Regional Arts Center in Texarkana,TX and Baton Rouge Center for Contemporary Art in Baton Rouge, LA. Her pieces can be seen in galleries and private collections throughout the United States. Angela Davis Johnson was born in Orlando, Florida. She and her family later moved to Virginia, where she attended Governor's School for the Arts, an art magnet school in Norfolk, Virginia. Davis Johnson's interest in art began at a young age. She was first inspired to create art by her mother, who had returned to school for fashion design when Angela was 4 and would share what she had learned with Angela and her siblings. When Angela was 14, she, along with her mother and three siblings, were evicted from their home in Norfolk and moved to Lambrook, Arkansas. Despite being impoverished, her mother encouraged Angela and her siblings to embrace and explore their creativity through singing songs, reading, and whittling, and would purchase art supplies. Angela Davis Johnson's explores \"universal connections, identity and historical occurrences through personal symbols.\" Davis Johnson's work addresses several issues facing black women including trauma, domestic violence, poverty, gentrification, state-sanctioned violence, the silencing of black women, and displacement. When asked what she hoped people will take away from her body of work, she responded:I want people to feel the complexity of the embodied experience of black womenhood. I want people to feel that when they see my work. We\u2019re not just superheroes.", "Michaela Angela Davis Michaela Angela Davis is a writer on African-American style, race, gender and hip-hop culture in the United States. She is also a fashion expert and an \"image activist.\" Michaela Angela Davis was born in Germany and raised in Washington, D.C. Her mother was convinced that her next child would be a boy and, after visiting the Sistine Chapel during her pregnancy, decided to name him Michael Angelo. When Davis was born, her mother gave her the female version of the name, Michaela Angela. From an early age, Davis was a student of the arts, especially acting. She began her studies at the Duke Ellington School of the Arts in Washington, DC as a National Arts Scholar. She went to college at New York University, and studied at the Stella Adler Acting Conservatory, and the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater. After completing her studies, Davis went to work in 1991 for \"Essence\" as an associate fashion editor. Her first assignment was the styling of Anita Hill in preparation for her testimony before Congress for the nomination hearings of Clarence Thomas as a Supreme Court justice. Davis became the associate fashion, culture and the executive fashion and beauty editor for \"Essence\" magazine. She was the founding fashion director for \"Vibe\" magazine, and she was the last editor-in-chief of \"Honey\", a magazine for 18- to 34-year-old black women. In addition, Davis has contributed to many projects, such as \"Everything But the Burden: What White People are Taking from Black Culture\" (ed. Greg Tate; Broadway Books, 2003). She wrote \"Beloved Baby: A Baby's Scrapbook and Journal\" (Pocket Books, 1995).", "Brandeis University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS) at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, United States was established in 1953 on a 235-acre suburban campus, located 9 miles outside of Boston, and is one of four graduate schools on campus. Brandeis University, founded in 1948, is named for the late U.S. Supreme Court Justice Louis Dembitz Brandeis and reflects the ideals of academic excellence and social justice that he personified. Soon after its founding, Brandeis University established an international reputation through prominent early faculty members such as Eleanor Roosevelt and composer Leonard Bernstein, and through election to the Association of American Universities. In the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences' first year (1953), 42 students were enrolled in four areas of study: chemistry, Near Eastern and Judaic Studies, music composition, and psychology. Today, Brandeis University's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences enrolls more than 900 students pursuing advanced degrees in more than 40 master's and certificate degrees and 17 doctoral programs. According to its mission statement, \"Brandeis University is a community of scholars and students united by their commitment to the pursuit of knowledge and its transmission from generation to generation. As a research university, Brandeis is dedicated to the advancement of the humanities, arts and social, natural and physical sciences. As a liberal arts college, Brandeis affirms the importance of a broad and critical education in enriching the lives of students and preparing them for full participation in a changing society, capable of promoting their own welfare, yet remaining deeply concerned about the welfare of others. In a world of challenging social and technological transformations, Brandeis remains a center of open inquiry and teaching, cherishing its independence from any doctrine or government.", "Brandeis International Business School Brandeis International Business School is part of Brandeis University, located in Waltham, Massachusetts. Brandeis International Business School offers graduate and undergraduate degree programs in business, finance and economics, with over 3,000 alumni in over 100 countries. By teaching rigorous business, finance and economics, connecting students to best practices and immersing them in international experiences, Brandeis International Business School prepares exceptional individuals from around the globe to become principled professionals in companies and public institutions worldwide. Peter Petri founded the school, and Bruce R. Magid served as dean of the school from 2007 to 2016, with Peter Petri serving as interim dean from 2016 to 2018. Kathryn Graddy, appointed dean in 2018, is the current dean of the school. Brandeis University, the parent institution of Brandeis IBS, was founded in 1948. Brandeis IBS was first established as the Graduate School of International Economics and Finance (GSIEF), reflecting increased student enrollment in economics and finance courses, and the creation of the PhD in International Economics and Finance in 1994. In 1998, the MBA and Master of Science in Finance (MSF) programs were added, broadening the scope of the school's teaching and research. The school was renamed Brandeis International Business School in 2003 to reflect this broader expertise and the increasing focus on international and global business. In 2010, Brandeis University introduced a business major and minor, through which undergraduates are able to take graduate classes in management and international finance at Brandeis IBS. In 2017, the school introduced an Accelerated Master's program in economics and finance. The school focuses on teaching rigorous business, finance and economics, and connecting students to real-world examples and industry practices to immerse them in the fields they wish to work in after graduation.", "Freedom of Speech: Lessons from Lenny Bruce Freedom of Speech: Lessons from Lenny Bruce is a work of theatre written by Amanda Faye Martin and devised and directed by Sam Weisman along with the cast. It is a play that focuses on the modern politically charged time, in which a comedy club becomes the last bastion for freedom of speech as six college students navigate the inherent boundaries of inclusivity. The play was influenced by the works of comedian Lenny Bruce and the newly opened Lenny Bruce collection at the Robert D. Farber Archives at Brandeis University. The play premiered at Brandeis University on 10/26/16, and was then featured at a variety of venues around the Greater Boston area. The play was produced by and the Brandeis Department of Theater Arts, along with funding by Mass Humanities, which receives support from the Massachusetts Humanities Cultural Council and is an affiliate of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Freedom of Speech: Lessons from Lenny Bruce draws heavily from the works of Lenny Bruce. Personal photographs, papers, and recordings, were all used while the script and play was in development. The collection was accessed through Brandeis University which acquired the collection from Lenny Bruce\u2019s daughter in 2014. The collection, and events, were supported by the Hugh M. Hefner Foundation, the Louis D. Brandeis Legacy Fund and the ACLU Foundation of Massachusetts. Premiere - Brandeis University, Waltham 2nd Showing - Cambridge Multicultural Arts Center, Cambridge 3rd Showing - Arsenal Center for the Arts, Watertown 4th Showing - Gloucester Stage Company, Gloucester 5th Showing - The Rockwell, Davis Square/Somerville The Original Cast featured Savannah Edmonds, Kate Farrell, Jacob Kleinberg, Yair Koas, Laura Marasa, and Gabi Nail, as the lead students. Comedian Corey Rodrigues played the owner of the comedy club."], "answer": {"text": "where she was one of three black students in her freshman class.", "answer_start": 82}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where is Brandeis University?", "answer": {"text": "Davis was awarded a scholarship to Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f0caee6e7a294745a11a58d9005ccd4f_0_q#2", "question": "How long did she attend Brandeis university?", "rewrite": "How long did Angela Davis attend Brandeis university?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Brandeis International Business School Brandeis International Business School is part of Brandeis University, located in Waltham, Massachusetts. Brandeis International Business School offers graduate and undergraduate degree programs in business, finance and economics, with over 3,000 alumni in over 100 countries. By teaching rigorous business, finance and economics, connecting students to best practices and immersing them in international experiences, Brandeis International Business School prepares exceptional individuals from around the globe to become principled professionals in companies and public institutions worldwide. Peter Petri founded the school, and Bruce R. Magid served as dean of the school from 2007 to 2016, with Peter Petri serving as interim dean from 2016 to 2018. Kathryn Graddy, appointed dean in 2018, is the current dean of the school. Brandeis University, the parent institution of Brandeis IBS, was founded in 1948. Brandeis IBS was first established as the Graduate School of International Economics and Finance (GSIEF), reflecting increased student enrollment in economics and finance courses, and the creation of the PhD in International Economics and Finance in 1994. In 1998, the MBA and Master of Science in Finance (MSF) programs were added, broadening the scope of the school's teaching and research. The school was renamed Brandeis International Business School in 2003 to reflect this broader expertise and the increasing focus on international and global business. In 2010, Brandeis University introduced a business major and minor, through which undergraduates are able to take graduate classes in management and international finance at Brandeis IBS. In 2017, the school introduced an Accelerated Master's program in economics and finance. The school focuses on teaching rigorous business, finance and economics, and connecting students to real-world examples and industry practices to immerse them in the fields they wish to work in after graduation.", "Brandeis University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS) at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, United States was established in 1953 on a 235-acre suburban campus, located 9 miles outside of Boston, and is one of four graduate schools on campus. Brandeis University, founded in 1948, is named for the late U.S. Supreme Court Justice Louis Dembitz Brandeis and reflects the ideals of academic excellence and social justice that he personified. Soon after its founding, Brandeis University established an international reputation through prominent early faculty members such as Eleanor Roosevelt and composer Leonard Bernstein, and through election to the Association of American Universities. In the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences' first year (1953), 42 students were enrolled in four areas of study: chemistry, Near Eastern and Judaic Studies, music composition, and psychology. Today, Brandeis University's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences enrolls more than 900 students pursuing advanced degrees in more than 40 master's and certificate degrees and 17 doctoral programs. According to its mission statement, \"Brandeis University is a community of scholars and students united by their commitment to the pursuit of knowledge and its transmission from generation to generation. As a research university, Brandeis is dedicated to the advancement of the humanities, arts and social, natural and physical sciences. As a liberal arts college, Brandeis affirms the importance of a broad and critical education in enriching the lives of students and preparing them for full participation in a changing society, capable of promoting their own welfare, yet remaining deeply concerned about the welfare of others. In a world of challenging social and technological transformations, Brandeis remains a center of open inquiry and teaching, cherishing its independence from any doctrine or government.", "Lindsay Gardner Lindsay Gardner is an American media executive and strategist. The senior vice president and chief content officer at T-Mobile, he previously held senior positions at media companies including Miramax, Tribune Media, and AMC Networks.. Gardner is also an independent director of IZEA. Gardner was born in New York to Harriet Modell Gardner, a writer, and Gerald Gardner, a television writer and producer. He attended Beverly Hills High School and later went on to attend Brandeis University, where he served as the editor of the college's newspaper, \"The Justice.\" Gardner graduated from Brandeis University in 1982 and earned an MBA from the Wharton School in 1989. Gardner was recruited by Satellite News Channel (SNC), a 24-hour news channel, and joined the company at its launch in June 1982. After SNC went off the air in 1983 due to distribution issues, Gardner was hired to produce \"Eyewitness News\" for WWL-TV, the CBS affiliate in New Orleans. During Gardner\u2019s four years at WWL, \"Eyewitness News\" won several awards, including an Edward R. Murrow Award for Best Newscast. Gardner left WWL in 1987 to attend Wharton. In 1989, Gardner was hired by Viewer's Choice, (now iNDEMAND Networks). In 1993 he was named director of programming at Cox Communications, where he launched joint-venture channels with the BBC. In 1999, Gardner joined Fox Networks, and in 2006 he was promoted to president of affiliate sales and marketing. At Fox, he launched networks such as Fox Sports Networks, National Geographic Channel, and Fox Reality. He left Fox in 2007 to become a partner at MediaTech Capital Partners where he co-founded digital media companies, including Channel Islands, Porto Media, and Beijing-based Reach Media.", "Angela Davis Johnson Angela Davis Johnson is an American painter, mixed-media artist, and ritual performance artist. She currently lives Atlanta, Georgia. She is the mother of two children. Her work revolves around the evolving identity of African-Americans throughout history, especially African-American women. Davis Johnson\u2019s work has shown in numerous exhibitions including the Delta Exhibition at Arkansas Arts Center in Little Rock, AR, Texarkana Regional Arts Center in Texarkana,TX and Baton Rouge Center for Contemporary Art in Baton Rouge, LA. Her pieces can be seen in galleries and private collections throughout the United States. Angela Davis Johnson was born in Orlando, Florida. She and her family later moved to Virginia, where she attended Governor's School for the Arts, an art magnet school in Norfolk, Virginia. Davis Johnson's interest in art began at a young age. She was first inspired to create art by her mother, who had returned to school for fashion design when Angela was 4 and would share what she had learned with Angela and her siblings. When Angela was 14, she, along with her mother and three siblings, were evicted from their home in Norfolk and moved to Lambrook, Arkansas. Despite being impoverished, her mother encouraged Angela and her siblings to embrace and explore their creativity through singing songs, reading, and whittling, and would purchase art supplies. Angela Davis Johnson's explores \"universal connections, identity and historical occurrences through personal symbols.\" Davis Johnson's work addresses several issues facing black women including trauma, domestic violence, poverty, gentrification, state-sanctioned violence, the silencing of black women, and displacement. When asked what she hoped people will take away from her body of work, she responded:I want people to feel the complexity of the embodied experience of black womenhood. I want people to feel that when they see my work. We\u2019re not just superheroes.", "One recent study examined the impact of police crackdowns on disorder on residents, while another focused on the New York Police department's usage of stop and frisks of suspicious persons. Related to this work, Weisburd has also advanced the importance of randomized controlled trials in evaluating crime and justice policies and programs. Randomized, experimental designs produce the most valid and reliable evidence on the impact of policies or interventions, and thus Weisburd argues the field has a moral imperative to use experimental designs whenever feasible. His work in this area has also shown that there is a paradox in experimental studies, in which increasing sample size often has the unintended consequence of reducing the observed statistical power of a study. Finally, Weisburd has also made significant contributions to our understanding of white-collar crime. In a large-scale empirical study of white-collar crime, he found that white-collar criminals were often from the middle classes, had multiple contacts with the criminal justice system, and that much white-collar crime was mundane and everyday in character. Weisburd started his college career at Shimer College, leaving in 1973 to attend Brandeis University. Weisburd graduated magna cum laude in 1976, with a B.A. in sociology from Brandeis University, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. Weisburd did his graduate studies at Yale University, where he received an M.A. in sociology in 1978, an M.Phil. in sociology in 1980 and a Ph.D. in sociology in 1985."], "answer": {"text": "She returned home in 1963 to a Federal Bureau of Investigation interview about her attendance at the Communist-sponsored festival.", "answer_start": 604}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where is Brandeis University?", "answer": {"text": "Davis was awarded a scholarship to Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Davis Study at Brandeis university?", "answer": {"text": "where she was one of three black students in her freshman class.", "answer_start": 82, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f0caee6e7a294745a11a58d9005ccd4f_0_q#3", "question": "did she receive any special awards or reconition while at Brandeis?", "rewrite": "did Angela Davis receive any special awards or reconition while at Brandeis University?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Angela Davis Johnson Angela Davis Johnson is an American painter, mixed-media artist, and ritual performance artist. She currently lives Atlanta, Georgia. She is the mother of two children. Her work revolves around the evolving identity of African-Americans throughout history, especially African-American women. Davis Johnson\u2019s work has shown in numerous exhibitions including the Delta Exhibition at Arkansas Arts Center in Little Rock, AR, Texarkana Regional Arts Center in Texarkana,TX and Baton Rouge Center for Contemporary Art in Baton Rouge, LA. Her pieces can be seen in galleries and private collections throughout the United States. Angela Davis Johnson was born in Orlando, Florida. She and her family later moved to Virginia, where she attended Governor's School for the Arts, an art magnet school in Norfolk, Virginia. Davis Johnson's interest in art began at a young age. She was first inspired to create art by her mother, who had returned to school for fashion design when Angela was 4 and would share what she had learned with Angela and her siblings. When Angela was 14, she, along with her mother and three siblings, were evicted from their home in Norfolk and moved to Lambrook, Arkansas. Despite being impoverished, her mother encouraged Angela and her siblings to embrace and explore their creativity through singing songs, reading, and whittling, and would purchase art supplies. Angela Davis Johnson's explores \"universal connections, identity and historical occurrences through personal symbols.\" Davis Johnson's work addresses several issues facing black women including trauma, domestic violence, poverty, gentrification, state-sanctioned violence, the silencing of black women, and displacement. When asked what she hoped people will take away from her body of work, she responded:I want people to feel the complexity of the embodied experience of black womenhood. I want people to feel that when they see my work. We\u2019re not just superheroes.", "Brandeis International Business School Brandeis International Business School is part of Brandeis University, located in Waltham, Massachusetts. Brandeis International Business School offers graduate and undergraduate degree programs in business, finance and economics, with over 3,000 alumni in over 100 countries. By teaching rigorous business, finance and economics, connecting students to best practices and immersing them in international experiences, Brandeis International Business School prepares exceptional individuals from around the globe to become principled professionals in companies and public institutions worldwide. Peter Petri founded the school, and Bruce R. Magid served as dean of the school from 2007 to 2016, with Peter Petri serving as interim dean from 2016 to 2018. Kathryn Graddy, appointed dean in 2018, is the current dean of the school. Brandeis University, the parent institution of Brandeis IBS, was founded in 1948. Brandeis IBS was first established as the Graduate School of International Economics and Finance (GSIEF), reflecting increased student enrollment in economics and finance courses, and the creation of the PhD in International Economics and Finance in 1994. In 1998, the MBA and Master of Science in Finance (MSF) programs were added, broadening the scope of the school's teaching and research. The school was renamed Brandeis International Business School in 2003 to reflect this broader expertise and the increasing focus on international and global business. In 2010, Brandeis University introduced a business major and minor, through which undergraduates are able to take graduate classes in management and international finance at Brandeis IBS. In 2017, the school introduced an Accelerated Master's program in economics and finance. The school focuses on teaching rigorous business, finance and economics, and connecting students to real-world examples and industry practices to immerse them in the fields they wish to work in after graduation.", "Brandeis University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS) at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, United States was established in 1953 on a 235-acre suburban campus, located 9 miles outside of Boston, and is one of four graduate schools on campus. Brandeis University, founded in 1948, is named for the late U.S. Supreme Court Justice Louis Dembitz Brandeis and reflects the ideals of academic excellence and social justice that he personified. Soon after its founding, Brandeis University established an international reputation through prominent early faculty members such as Eleanor Roosevelt and composer Leonard Bernstein, and through election to the Association of American Universities. In the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences' first year (1953), 42 students were enrolled in four areas of study: chemistry, Near Eastern and Judaic Studies, music composition, and psychology. Today, Brandeis University's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences enrolls more than 900 students pursuing advanced degrees in more than 40 master's and certificate degrees and 17 doctoral programs. According to its mission statement, \"Brandeis University is a community of scholars and students united by their commitment to the pursuit of knowledge and its transmission from generation to generation. As a research university, Brandeis is dedicated to the advancement of the humanities, arts and social, natural and physical sciences. As a liberal arts college, Brandeis affirms the importance of a broad and critical education in enriching the lives of students and preparing them for full participation in a changing society, capable of promoting their own welfare, yet remaining deeply concerned about the welfare of others. In a world of challenging social and technological transformations, Brandeis remains a center of open inquiry and teaching, cherishing its independence from any doctrine or government.", "Michaela Angela Davis Michaela Angela Davis is a writer on African-American style, race, gender and hip-hop culture in the United States. She is also a fashion expert and an \"image activist.\" Michaela Angela Davis was born in Germany and raised in Washington, D.C. Her mother was convinced that her next child would be a boy and, after visiting the Sistine Chapel during her pregnancy, decided to name him Michael Angelo. When Davis was born, her mother gave her the female version of the name, Michaela Angela. From an early age, Davis was a student of the arts, especially acting. She began her studies at the Duke Ellington School of the Arts in Washington, DC as a National Arts Scholar. She went to college at New York University, and studied at the Stella Adler Acting Conservatory, and the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater. After completing her studies, Davis went to work in 1991 for \"Essence\" as an associate fashion editor. Her first assignment was the styling of Anita Hill in preparation for her testimony before Congress for the nomination hearings of Clarence Thomas as a Supreme Court justice. Davis became the associate fashion, culture and the executive fashion and beauty editor for \"Essence\" magazine. She was the founding fashion director for \"Vibe\" magazine, and she was the last editor-in-chief of \"Honey\", a magazine for 18- to 34-year-old black women. In addition, Davis has contributed to many projects, such as \"Everything But the Burden: What White People are Taking from Black Culture\" (ed. Greg Tate; Broadway Books, 2003). She wrote \"Beloved Baby: A Baby's Scrapbook and Journal\" (Pocket Books, 1995).", "Freedom of Speech: Lessons from Lenny Bruce Freedom of Speech: Lessons from Lenny Bruce is a work of theatre written by Amanda Faye Martin and devised and directed by Sam Weisman along with the cast. It is a play that focuses on the modern politically charged time, in which a comedy club becomes the last bastion for freedom of speech as six college students navigate the inherent boundaries of inclusivity. The play was influenced by the works of comedian Lenny Bruce and the newly opened Lenny Bruce collection at the Robert D. Farber Archives at Brandeis University. The play premiered at Brandeis University on 10/26/16, and was then featured at a variety of venues around the Greater Boston area. The play was produced by and the Brandeis Department of Theater Arts, along with funding by Mass Humanities, which receives support from the Massachusetts Humanities Cultural Council and is an affiliate of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Freedom of Speech: Lessons from Lenny Bruce draws heavily from the works of Lenny Bruce. Personal photographs, papers, and recordings, were all used while the script and play was in development. The collection was accessed through Brandeis University which acquired the collection from Lenny Bruce\u2019s daughter in 2014. The collection, and events, were supported by the Hugh M. Hefner Foundation, the Louis D. Brandeis Legacy Fund and the ACLU Foundation of Massachusetts. Premiere - Brandeis University, Waltham 2nd Showing - Cambridge Multicultural Arts Center, Cambridge 3rd Showing - Arsenal Center for the Arts, Watertown 4th Showing - Gloucester Stage Company, Gloucester 5th Showing - The Rockwell, Davis Square/Somerville The Original Cast featured Savannah Edmonds, Kate Farrell, Jacob Kleinberg, Yair Koas, Laura Marasa, and Gabi Nail, as the lead students. Comedian Corey Rodrigues played the owner of the comedy club."], "answer": {"text": "she graduated magna cum laude, a member of Phi Beta Kappa.", "answer_start": 1717}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where is Brandeis University?", "answer": {"text": "Davis was awarded a scholarship to Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Davis Study at Brandeis university?", "answer": {"text": "where she was one of three black students in her freshman class.", "answer_start": 82, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did she attend Brandeis university?", "answer": {"text": "She returned home in 1963 to a Federal Bureau of Investigation interview about her attendance at the Communist-sponsored festival.", "answer_start": 604, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f0caee6e7a294745a11a58d9005ccd4f_0_q#4", "question": "Why was she under investigation?", "rewrite": "Why was Angela Davis under investigation?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Angela Davis Johnson Angela Davis Johnson is an American painter, mixed-media artist, and ritual performance artist. She currently lives Atlanta, Georgia. She is the mother of two children. Her work revolves around the evolving identity of African-Americans throughout history, especially African-American women. Davis Johnson\u2019s work has shown in numerous exhibitions including the Delta Exhibition at Arkansas Arts Center in Little Rock, AR, Texarkana Regional Arts Center in Texarkana,TX and Baton Rouge Center for Contemporary Art in Baton Rouge, LA. Her pieces can be seen in galleries and private collections throughout the United States. Angela Davis Johnson was born in Orlando, Florida. She and her family later moved to Virginia, where she attended Governor's School for the Arts, an art magnet school in Norfolk, Virginia. Davis Johnson's interest in art began at a young age. She was first inspired to create art by her mother, who had returned to school for fashion design when Angela was 4 and would share what she had learned with Angela and her siblings. When Angela was 14, she, along with her mother and three siblings, were evicted from their home in Norfolk and moved to Lambrook, Arkansas. Despite being impoverished, her mother encouraged Angela and her siblings to embrace and explore their creativity through singing songs, reading, and whittling, and would purchase art supplies. Angela Davis Johnson's explores \"universal connections, identity and historical occurrences through personal symbols.\" Davis Johnson's work addresses several issues facing black women including trauma, domestic violence, poverty, gentrification, state-sanctioned violence, the silencing of black women, and displacement. When asked what she hoped people will take away from her body of work, she responded:I want people to feel the complexity of the embodied experience of black womenhood. I want people to feel that when they see my work. We\u2019re not just superheroes.", "Angela Davis (musician) Angela Davis (born 23 June 1985) is an Australian saxophonist currently residing in Melbourne. Her first release \" The Art of The Melody received strong reviews in the United States and Australia and was successful on the US Jazz Charts. She is known for her pure sound reminiscent of Lee Konitz (with whom she studied), Art Pepper and Paul Desmond. Davis is a 2014 recipient of the prestigious Brian Boak Bursary in Queensland. Angela Davis grew up in Queensland, Australia. She studied at the Queensland Conservatorium under the tutelage of John Hoffman and Steve Newcomb. After graduating with first class honors, Davis went to study for a Masters of Music degree in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She has since moved to New York, where she plays in clubs with her own group and as a sideman.", "Carole Roussopoulos Carole Roussopoulos (25 May 1945 \u2013 22 October 2009) was a Swiss film director and feminist who was primarily known for her pioneering early documentary films of the Women's liberation movement in France. She made approximately 150 documentaries during the course of her career. Carole de Kalbermatten was born 25 May 1945 in Lausanne, Switzerland. She grew up in Sion, Switzerland in the canton of Valais. In 1969 Roussopoulos and her husband, Paul, created a film collective called Video Out. In 1970, at the urging of her friend the author Jean Genet, she purchased a light-weight Sony Portapak camera and began to make documentaries. It is believed that she is the first woman in France to buy a video camera. That same year she made the documentary film \"Genet parle d'Angela Davis\" (known in English as \"Angela Davis Is at Your Mercy\") about the American political activist Angela Davis. During her early career, Roussopoulos also witnessed and filmed key events in the human rights crusades in Paris. For instance, her 1971 film \"FHAR\" (Front Homosexuel d'Action R\u00e9volutionnaire) documents the very first gay rights parade in Paris. In 1976 Roussopoulos began collaborating with the French actress Delphine Seyrig. Together they directed the 1976 documentary on women's rights entitled \"SCUM Manifesto\", based on the SCUM Manifesto written by the radical feminist Valerie Solanas. In 1982, Roussopoulos, Seyrig and Ioana Wieder founded the Simone de Beauvoir Audiovisual Center\u2014named after the prominent French feminist author and philosopher\u2014to document the women's rights movement. In 1995 she moved back to Switzerland to document Swiss subjects that she felt were not receiving enough attention.", "Michaela Angela Davis Michaela Angela Davis is a writer on African-American style, race, gender and hip-hop culture in the United States. She is also a fashion expert and an \"image activist.\" Michaela Angela Davis was born in Germany and raised in Washington, D.C. Her mother was convinced that her next child would be a boy and, after visiting the Sistine Chapel during her pregnancy, decided to name him Michael Angelo. When Davis was born, her mother gave her the female version of the name, Michaela Angela. From an early age, Davis was a student of the arts, especially acting. She began her studies at the Duke Ellington School of the Arts in Washington, DC as a National Arts Scholar. She went to college at New York University, and studied at the Stella Adler Acting Conservatory, and the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater. After completing her studies, Davis went to work in 1991 for \"Essence\" as an associate fashion editor. Her first assignment was the styling of Anita Hill in preparation for her testimony before Congress for the nomination hearings of Clarence Thomas as a Supreme Court justice. Davis became the associate fashion, culture and the executive fashion and beauty editor for \"Essence\" magazine. She was the founding fashion director for \"Vibe\" magazine, and she was the last editor-in-chief of \"Honey\", a magazine for 18- to 34-year-old black women. In addition, Davis has contributed to many projects, such as \"Everything But the Burden: What White People are Taking from Black Culture\" (ed. Greg Tate; Broadway Books, 2003). She wrote \"Beloved Baby: A Baby's Scrapbook and Journal\" (Pocket Books, 1995).", "In 1952, she returned to the bar in Guadeloupe, then is elected in 1953 as Deputy of Basse-Terre Mayor, Elie Chauferain, whilst continuing her activity as a lawyer, until she replaced him in 1956. Feminist activist, she created in Guadeloupe a federation of the Union of the French Women: UFF (\"Union des Femmes Fran\u00e7aises\") (close to the PCF) to support her effort to obtain the enforcement of social security and retirement right for women in Guadeloupe. She contributed actively to the transformation of the UFF federation into the Union of Guadeloupean Women (\"Union des Femmes Guadeloup\u00e9ennes\" in French) In August 1969 she met Angela Davis, after arriving in Basse-Terre from Cuba by boat Davis and her friends have been arrested by French customs officers and had their passport confiscated. This encounter is related in Angela Davis' autobiography. The Gerty Archim\u00e8de museum (French: ) is settled in one of the house formerly inhabited by the guadeloupean personality since 1984; located 27 Maurice Marie street in Basse-Terre, it has the \"Maisons des Illustres\" certification since 2012. A bronze statue has been inaugurated in her memory on 13 December 2002 on the maritime boulevard of Basse-Terre. The Gerty Archim\u00e8de street () in the Paris 12th Arrondissement has been named after her in 2006, following a request from Parisians communist elected representatives. In 2006, her nephew , wrote a play \"\"Pas de prison pour le vent\"\" (=No prison for wind in English) inspired by her encounter with Angela Davis in Guadeloupe. On 27 January 2007, S\u00e9gol\u00e8ne Royal paid tribute to her during her election campaign."], "answer": {"text": "about her attendance at the Communist-sponsored festival.", "answer_start": 677}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where is Brandeis University?", "answer": {"text": "Davis was awarded a scholarship to Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Davis Study at Brandeis university?", "answer": {"text": "where she was one of three black students in her freshman class.", "answer_start": 82, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did she attend Brandeis university?", "answer": {"text": "She returned home in 1963 to a Federal Bureau of Investigation interview about her attendance at the Communist-sponsored festival.", "answer_start": 604, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she receive any special awards or reconition while at Brandeis?", "answer": {"text": "she graduated magna cum laude, a member of Phi Beta Kappa.", "answer_start": 1717, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f0caee6e7a294745a11a58d9005ccd4f_1_q#0", "question": "what was her life?", "rewrite": "what was her life?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["ISO 15686 ISO 15686 is the in development ISO standard dealing with service life planning. It is a decision process which addresses the development of the service life of a building component, building or other constructed work like a bridge or tunnel. Its approach is to ensure a proposed design life has a structured response in establishing its service life normally from a reference or estimated service life framework. Then in turn secure a life-cycle cost profile (or Whole-life cost when called for) whilst addressing environmental factors like life cycle assessment and service life care and end of life considerations including obsolescence and embodied energy recovery. Service life planning is increasingly being linked with sustainable development and wholelife value. The objective of service life planning is to provide reasonable assurance that the estimated service life of a new building on a specific site, with planned maintenance, will be at least as long as the design. Service life planning facilitates the making of well-informed decisions regarding value engineering, cost planning, maintenance planning, and environmental impact. As service life cannot be estimated precisely, the objective requires the making of an appropriately reliable estimate of the service life of the building using available knowledge relating to the service life of each material, component, assembly, and system that is to be used in the building. If the estimated service life of any of these is likely to be less than the design life of the building, a decision should be made as to whether maintenance, repair, or replacement could ensure that its essential functions could be adequately maintained. To assist with specification and design, and avoidance of obsolescence and waste, service life planning may include projections of the needs for, and timing of replacement and end of life recovery. 15686 for service life planning is being prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 59, Building construction - Subcommittee SC 14, Design life. In Great Britain, the new British Standard BS ISO 15686-5:2008 Buildings and constructed assets.", "Douwe J.N. Slaaf \u2013 Death penalty, after pardon commuted to life sentence Bart Slop \u2013 Death penalty, after pardon commuted to life sentence Jacobus van der Sluis \u2013 Death penalty, after pardon commuted to life sentence P. J. Smid \u2013 Life sentence Arien Smit \u2013 Death penalty, after pardon commuted to life sentence Petrus H. Smit \u2013 Death penalty, after pardon commuted to life sentence Toon Soetebier \u2013 Death penalty in absentia, latter commuted to life sentence M. Spaans \u2013 Life sentence Willem A. van der Spek \u2013 Death penalty, after pardon commuted to life sentence Egbert Springelkamp \u2013 Death penalty, after pardon commuted to life sentence Adrianus L.W. Steentjes \u2013 Death penalty, after pardon commuted to life sentence Jacobus Suykerbuyk \u2013 Death penalty, executed 23-03-1949 Antoine Touseul \u2013 Death penalty, latter commuted to life sentence Bernard H. Trap \u2013 Death penalty, after pardon commuted to life sentence Adriana Valkenburg \u2013 Death penalty, after pardon commuted to life sentence Hendrikus W. Verwayen \u2013 Death penalty, executed 26-06-1947 Jan A. Visser \u2013 Death penalty, after pardon commuted to life sentence Bruno B. Vlugt \u2013 Life sentence Mijndert Vonk \u2013 Death penalty, after pardon commuted to life sentence Abel de Vries \u2013 Life sentence Anton van der Waals \u2013 Death penalty, executed 27-01-1950 Tjeerd van der Weide \u2013 Death penalty, executed 06-06-1947 Betje Wery \u2013 Life sentence Gijsbertus C. van Wessum \u2013 Death penalty, after pardon commuted to life sentence Pieter Wichers \u2013 Death penalty, executed 02-06-1947 Willem M. Willemsen \u2013 Death penalty, after pardon commuted to life sentence", "The Insurance Corporation of Ireland Life (ICI Life) was the Life Assurance subsidiary of the Insurance Corporation of Ireland. The Government of Ireland wrote off the debts of Insurance Corporation of Ireland and sold the ICI Life arm as a profitable going concern to Prudential. Prudential Life operated in Ireland until its acquisition by Irish Permanent Building Society. The life office then traded as Progressive Life. In 1999, Irish Life Assurance plc and the Irish Permanent Building Society merged to form the Irish Life and Permanent Group, and the operations of Progressive Life and Irish Life Assurance were merged. Even though the government had to assist Allied Irish Banks following the debacle of Insurance Corporation of Ireland, they established another life assurance company, called 'Ark Life'. Irish Life Assurance was never a fully state owned company. In 1939, the minister owned 18% of the shares in the company. In 1947, restructuring and purchase by Minister of Finance of shares held by British life assurance companies resulting in a government holding of 90.25%. In July 1991, these shares were released on the market. Irish Life Assurance was a founding member of Irish Life & Permanent plc. In March 2012, during the Irish financial crisis, the profitable Irish Life Group was purchased from Permanent TSB by the Irish State for 1.2 billion as part of the recapitalisation of Permanent TSB bank. This ended the association between Irish Life Assurance and PTSB. In July 2013, Great-West Lifeco of Canada completed its purchase of Irish Life from the Irish State. In November 2016, Irish insurance and assurance businesses was acquired by Monument Re for an undisclosed sum. Alysh Doyle runs the Irish Life app. Subsidiaries of Irish Life include 'Irish Progressive Services International Ltd' (IPSI), a solution provider working in the Life and Pensions industry.", "In 1992, Empire Life acquired a block of group insurance business from the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, and in 1993 acquired the non-participating individual insurance policies of The Citadel Life Assurance Company. In 1995, Empire Life agreed to administer and assume a block of deferred annuity and Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF) policies of Confederation Life Insurance Company. In 1997, Empire Life assumed a block of deferred annuity policies from Allstate Life Insurance Company of Canada. In 2000, Empire Life assumed a block of annuity and RRIF policies from Coop\u00e9rants, Mutual Life Insurance Society. On December 31, 1997, Empire Life acquired all the shares of Colonia Life Insurance Company and subsequently changed the name of the company to Concordia Life Insurance Company a year later. On January 1, 2002, Empire Life and Concordia amalgamated as one company under the name of The Empire Life Insurance Company (or L'Empire, Compagnie d'Assurance-Vie). From 1987 to 2005, Empire Life used the marketing name of Empire Financial Group but re-branded as Empire Life in 2006. Individual Insurance Term life insurance, Permanent life insurance and Critical illness insurance Wealth Management Segregated funds, Portfolio funds, Guaranteed Interest Options (GIOs), Registered Retirement Income Fund including a Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit (GMWB) product, Group Registered Retirement Savings Plan, Mutual Funds through Empire Life Investments Inc. Group Benefits Small business group life and health insurance plans, group life and health insurance plans for 20+ employees, Administrative Services Only (ASO) contracts, cost plus arrangements and disability management Mark Sylvia, FCIP, FLMI, President and Chief Executive Officer Edward Gibson, FSA, FCIA, Senior Vice-President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Actuary Kathy Thompson, FSA, FCIA, Senior Vice-President and Chief Risk Officer", "Life Saving Victoria Life Saving Victoria is an Australian life saving organisation formed in 2002 from a merger of the Victorian Branch of the Royal Life Saving Society Australia and Surf Life Saving Victoria. Life Saving Victoria works to prevent drownings and other water related deaths and injuries in Victoria. Life Saving Victoria teaches local communities in Victoria about water safety, swimming and resuscitation. It also provides surf life saving services and patrols for beaches across the state. Life Saving Victoria is an emergency support agency to Victoria Police for water based emergencies. Life Saving Victoria has a network of life saving clubs across the state. There are currently 57 life saving clubs in Victoria. Life saving clubs conduct patrols which are run by 26,000 volunteers. Patrols are conducted from November - April every summer on weekends and public holidays. During the peak-summer period, mid-week patrols may be conducted by paid lifeguards. All lifesavers have a minimum qualification of a Bronze Medallion which includes training on rescue techniques, resuscitation and first aid. Life Saving Victoria also has several resources to respond to emergencies. Life Saving Victoria operates two helicopters, funded by Westpac, which patrol beaches during summer and have the capacity to rescue swimmers. Life Saving Victoria also operate jet rescue boats, off shore rescue boats and rescue water crafts to ensure the safety of waterway users. Life Saving Victoria provide services to swimming pools to ensure safe operation. Life Saving Victoria provide guidelines and advice to swimming pool operators to ensure safe operation. Life Saving Victoria also run public campaigns and education programs to raise awareness of home swimming pool safety to reduce drownings. Life Saving Victoria also offers education and training programs to the general public. Individuals can be trained in resuscitation, first aid, pool lifeguarding and surf lifesaving. School education programs to raise awareness of water safety are also run by Life Saving Victoria."], "answer": {"text": "Angela Davis was born in Birmingham, Alabama.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f0caee6e7a294745a11a58d9005ccd4f_1_q#2", "question": "where did she go to school?", "rewrite": "where did Angela Davis go to school?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Angela Davis (musician) Angela Davis (born 23 June 1985) is an Australian saxophonist currently residing in Melbourne. Her first release \" The Art of The Melody received strong reviews in the United States and Australia and was successful on the US Jazz Charts. She is known for her pure sound reminiscent of Lee Konitz (with whom she studied), Art Pepper and Paul Desmond. Davis is a 2014 recipient of the prestigious Brian Boak Bursary in Queensland. Angela Davis grew up in Queensland, Australia. She studied at the Queensland Conservatorium under the tutelage of John Hoffman and Steve Newcomb. After graduating with first class honors, Davis went to study for a Masters of Music degree in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She has since moved to New York, where she plays in clubs with her own group and as a sideman.", "The Black Power Mixtape 1967\u20131975 The Black Power Mixtape 1967\u20131975 is a 2011 documentary film, directed by G\u00f6ran Olsson, that examines the evolution of the Black Power movement in American society from 1967 to 1975 as viewed through Swedish journalists and filmmakers. It features footage of the movement shot by Swedish journalists in America between 1967\u20131975 with appearances by Angela Davis, Bobby Seale, Huey P. Newton, Eldridge Cleaver, and other activists, artists, and leaders central to the movement. The documentary features the found footage shot by a group of Swedish journalists (discovered some 30 years later in the cellar of Swedish Television) overlaid with commentaries and interviews from leading contemporary African-American artists, activists, musicians and scholars. Divided into 9 sections based chronologically on each successive year between 1967 and 1975, the film focuses on several topics and subjects relevant to the Black Power Movement including Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War, the Black Panther Party, COINTELPRO, and the War on Drugs. The film documents these events with footage of individuals who were highly important to the movement including but not limited to Angela Davis, Stokely Carmichael, and Huey P. Newton. David Fear of \"Time Out New York\" referred to the film as \"a time capsule of a turbulent era, [an] essential viewing for anyone concerned with our nation's history\u2014and its present\". The footage includes appearances by Stokely Carmichael, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Eldridge Cleaver, Bobby Seale, Huey P. Newton, Louis Farrakhan, Emile de Antonio, Richard Nixon, Ingrid Dahlberg and Angela Davis who also provides contemporary voice commentary. Additional contemporary voice commentaries are provided by Erykah Badu, Ahmir Questlove Thompson, who is also credited with scoring the music for the film along with Om'Mas", "In 1952, she returned to the bar in Guadeloupe, then is elected in 1953 as Deputy of Basse-Terre Mayor, Elie Chauferain, whilst continuing her activity as a lawyer, until she replaced him in 1956. Feminist activist, she created in Guadeloupe a federation of the Union of the French Women: UFF (\"Union des Femmes Fran\u00e7aises\") (close to the PCF) to support her effort to obtain the enforcement of social security and retirement right for women in Guadeloupe. She contributed actively to the transformation of the UFF federation into the Union of Guadeloupean Women (\"Union des Femmes Guadeloup\u00e9ennes\" in French) In August 1969 she met Angela Davis, after arriving in Basse-Terre from Cuba by boat Davis and her friends have been arrested by French customs officers and had their passport confiscated. This encounter is related in Angela Davis' autobiography. The Gerty Archim\u00e8de museum (French: ) is settled in one of the house formerly inhabited by the guadeloupean personality since 1984; located 27 Maurice Marie street in Basse-Terre, it has the \"Maisons des Illustres\" certification since 2012. A bronze statue has been inaugurated in her memory on 13 December 2002 on the maritime boulevard of Basse-Terre. The Gerty Archim\u00e8de street () in the Paris 12th Arrondissement has been named after her in 2006, following a request from Parisians communist elected representatives. In 2006, her nephew , wrote a play \"\"Pas de prison pour le vent\"\" (=No prison for wind in English) inspired by her encounter with Angela Davis in Guadeloupe. On 27 January 2007, S\u00e9gol\u00e8ne Royal paid tribute to her during her election campaign.", "Angela Davis Johnson Angela Davis Johnson is an American painter, mixed-media artist, and ritual performance artist. She currently lives Atlanta, Georgia. She is the mother of two children. Her work revolves around the evolving identity of African-Americans throughout history, especially African-American women. Davis Johnson\u2019s work has shown in numerous exhibitions including the Delta Exhibition at Arkansas Arts Center in Little Rock, AR, Texarkana Regional Arts Center in Texarkana,TX and Baton Rouge Center for Contemporary Art in Baton Rouge, LA. Her pieces can be seen in galleries and private collections throughout the United States. Angela Davis Johnson was born in Orlando, Florida. She and her family later moved to Virginia, where she attended Governor's School for the Arts, an art magnet school in Norfolk, Virginia. Davis Johnson's interest in art began at a young age. She was first inspired to create art by her mother, who had returned to school for fashion design when Angela was 4 and would share what she had learned with Angela and her siblings. When Angela was 14, she, along with her mother and three siblings, were evicted from their home in Norfolk and moved to Lambrook, Arkansas. Despite being impoverished, her mother encouraged Angela and her siblings to embrace and explore their creativity through singing songs, reading, and whittling, and would purchase art supplies. Angela Davis Johnson's explores \"universal connections, identity and historical occurrences through personal symbols.\" Davis Johnson's work addresses several issues facing black women including trauma, domestic violence, poverty, gentrification, state-sanctioned violence, the silencing of black women, and displacement. When asked what she hoped people will take away from her body of work, she responded:I want people to feel the complexity of the embodied experience of black womenhood. I want people to feel that when they see my work. We\u2019re not just superheroes.", "Michaela Angela Davis Michaela Angela Davis is a writer on African-American style, race, gender and hip-hop culture in the United States. She is also a fashion expert and an \"image activist.\" Michaela Angela Davis was born in Germany and raised in Washington, D.C. Her mother was convinced that her next child would be a boy and, after visiting the Sistine Chapel during her pregnancy, decided to name him Michael Angelo. When Davis was born, her mother gave her the female version of the name, Michaela Angela. From an early age, Davis was a student of the arts, especially acting. She began her studies at the Duke Ellington School of the Arts in Washington, DC as a National Arts Scholar. She went to college at New York University, and studied at the Stella Adler Acting Conservatory, and the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater. After completing her studies, Davis went to work in 1991 for \"Essence\" as an associate fashion editor. Her first assignment was the styling of Anita Hill in preparation for her testimony before Congress for the nomination hearings of Clarence Thomas as a Supreme Court justice. Davis became the associate fashion, culture and the executive fashion and beauty editor for \"Essence\" magazine. She was the founding fashion director for \"Vibe\" magazine, and she was the last editor-in-chief of \"Honey\", a magazine for 18- to 34-year-old black women. In addition, Davis has contributed to many projects, such as \"Everything But the Burden: What White People are Taking from Black Culture\" (ed. Greg Tate; Broadway Books, 2003). She wrote \"Beloved Baby: A Baby's Scrapbook and Journal\" (Pocket Books, 1995)."], "answer": {"text": "She chose Elisabeth Irwin High School in Greenwich Village.", "answer_start": 1669}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was her life?", "answer": {"text": "Angela Davis was born in Birmingham, Alabama.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was she born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f0caee6e7a294745a11a58d9005ccd4f_1_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about Angela Davis besides Her Life?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Michaela Angela Davis Michaela Angela Davis is a writer on African-American style, race, gender and hip-hop culture in the United States. She is also a fashion expert and an \"image activist.\" Michaela Angela Davis was born in Germany and raised in Washington, D.C. Her mother was convinced that her next child would be a boy and, after visiting the Sistine Chapel during her pregnancy, decided to name him Michael Angelo. When Davis was born, her mother gave her the female version of the name, Michaela Angela. From an early age, Davis was a student of the arts, especially acting. She began her studies at the Duke Ellington School of the Arts in Washington, DC as a National Arts Scholar. She went to college at New York University, and studied at the Stella Adler Acting Conservatory, and the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater. After completing her studies, Davis went to work in 1991 for \"Essence\" as an associate fashion editor. Her first assignment was the styling of Anita Hill in preparation for her testimony before Congress for the nomination hearings of Clarence Thomas as a Supreme Court justice. Davis became the associate fashion, culture and the executive fashion and beauty editor for \"Essence\" magazine. She was the founding fashion director for \"Vibe\" magazine, and she was the last editor-in-chief of \"Honey\", a magazine for 18- to 34-year-old black women. In addition, Davis has contributed to many projects, such as \"Everything But the Burden: What White People are Taking from Black Culture\" (ed. Greg Tate; Broadway Books, 2003). She wrote \"Beloved Baby: A Baby's Scrapbook and Journal\" (Pocket Books, 1995).", "Arakatavemula Arakatavemula is a village located in Rajupalem Mandal of YSR District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Surrounding villages for Arakatavemula village are Parlapdu (West), Kummara palle (North), Pottipadu (South) and Somapuram (East). Arakatavemula village has population of 2929 out of that 1463 are males and 1466 are females as per Census 2011. In this village population of children with age 0-6 is 369 which makes up 12.60% of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Arakatavemula village is 1002 which is higher than Andhra Pradesh state average of 993. It has higher literacy rate compared to Andhra Pradesh. In 2011, literacy rate of Arakatavemula village was 68.59% compared to 67.02% of Andhra Pradesh. In Arakatavemula Male literacy stands at 80.43% while female literacy rate was 57.35%.", "Angela Davis Johnson Angela Davis Johnson is an American painter, mixed-media artist, and ritual performance artist. She currently lives Atlanta, Georgia. She is the mother of two children. Her work revolves around the evolving identity of African-Americans throughout history, especially African-American women. Davis Johnson\u2019s work has shown in numerous exhibitions including the Delta Exhibition at Arkansas Arts Center in Little Rock, AR, Texarkana Regional Arts Center in Texarkana,TX and Baton Rouge Center for Contemporary Art in Baton Rouge, LA. Her pieces can be seen in galleries and private collections throughout the United States. Angela Davis Johnson was born in Orlando, Florida. She and her family later moved to Virginia, where she attended Governor's School for the Arts, an art magnet school in Norfolk, Virginia. Davis Johnson's interest in art began at a young age. She was first inspired to create art by her mother, who had returned to school for fashion design when Angela was 4 and would share what she had learned with Angela and her siblings. When Angela was 14, she, along with her mother and three siblings, were evicted from their home in Norfolk and moved to Lambrook, Arkansas. Despite being impoverished, her mother encouraged Angela and her siblings to embrace and explore their creativity through singing songs, reading, and whittling, and would purchase art supplies. Angela Davis Johnson's explores \"universal connections, identity and historical occurrences through personal symbols.\" Davis Johnson's work addresses several issues facing black women including trauma, domestic violence, poverty, gentrification, state-sanctioned violence, the silencing of black women, and displacement. When asked what she hoped people will take away from her body of work, she responded:I want people to feel the complexity of the embodied experience of black womenhood. I want people to feel that when they see my work. We\u2019re not just superheroes.", "Angela Davis (musician) Angela Davis (born 23 June 1985) is an Australian saxophonist currently residing in Melbourne. Her first release \" The Art of The Melody received strong reviews in the United States and Australia and was successful on the US Jazz Charts. She is known for her pure sound reminiscent of Lee Konitz (with whom she studied), Art Pepper and Paul Desmond. Davis is a 2014 recipient of the prestigious Brian Boak Bursary in Queensland. Angela Davis grew up in Queensland, Australia. She studied at the Queensland Conservatorium under the tutelage of John Hoffman and Steve Newcomb. After graduating with first class honors, Davis went to study for a Masters of Music degree in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She has since moved to New York, where she plays in clubs with her own group and as a sideman.", "In 1952, she returned to the bar in Guadeloupe, then is elected in 1953 as Deputy of Basse-Terre Mayor, Elie Chauferain, whilst continuing her activity as a lawyer, until she replaced him in 1956. Feminist activist, she created in Guadeloupe a federation of the Union of the French Women: UFF (\"Union des Femmes Fran\u00e7aises\") (close to the PCF) to support her effort to obtain the enforcement of social security and retirement right for women in Guadeloupe. She contributed actively to the transformation of the UFF federation into the Union of Guadeloupean Women (\"Union des Femmes Guadeloup\u00e9ennes\" in French) In August 1969 she met Angela Davis, after arriving in Basse-Terre from Cuba by boat Davis and her friends have been arrested by French customs officers and had their passport confiscated. This encounter is related in Angela Davis' autobiography. The Gerty Archim\u00e8de museum (French: ) is settled in one of the house formerly inhabited by the guadeloupean personality since 1984; located 27 Maurice Marie street in Basse-Terre, it has the \"Maisons des Illustres\" certification since 2012. A bronze statue has been inaugurated in her memory on 13 December 2002 on the maritime boulevard of Basse-Terre. The Gerty Archim\u00e8de street () in the Paris 12th Arrondissement has been named after her in 2006, following a request from Parisians communist elected representatives. In 2006, her nephew , wrote a play \"\"Pas de prison pour le vent\"\" (=No prison for wind in English) inspired by her encounter with Angela Davis in Guadeloupe. On 27 January 2007, S\u00e9gol\u00e8ne Royal paid tribute to her during her election campaign."], "answer": {"text": "Davis' mother, Sallye Bell Davis, was a national officer and leading organizer of the Southern Negro Youth Congress,", "answer_start": 681}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was her life?", "answer": {"text": "Angela Davis was born in Birmingham, Alabama.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was she born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did she go to school?", "answer": {"text": "She chose Elisabeth Irwin High School in Greenwich Village.", "answer_start": 1669, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she go to college?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was she married?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7c85338ea7c34ed6bdc6a2206f1cd937_1_q#0", "question": "What was Big Game?", "rewrite": "What was Big Game?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Despite this practice, the official score must be on the Axe prior to the start of each Big Game no matter who has it at the time. When Stanford has the Axe, it is guarded by the Stanford Axe Committee and kept in a secret location, when not on display in the lobby of the Arrillaga Sports Center. When California is in possession of the Axe, the Chairman of the UC Rally Committee acts as its custodian. It is generally displayed in the lobby of the Martin Luther King Junior Student Union Building. During the Big Game, the Stanford Axe is displayed by the school that won the Big Game during the previous year. The Stanford Axe is transferred at the Big Game during what is known as \"The Stare Down. \" With two minutes remaining in the Big Game, the Stanford Axe is brought to the 50 yard line, where members of the UC Rally Committee and the Stanford Axe Committee wait until the end of the game to determine who will take the Axe. Once the game ends, the winner of Big Game takes possession of the Axe until the next Big Game is played. Currently, Stanford has the Axe after winning the 121st Big Game on December 1, 2018 by the score of 23\u201313. Although Stanford leads the all-time series before and after the use of the Axe as a trophy, California still has held the Axe for a longer amount of time due to their 31 year possession before the recapture of the Axe by Stanford. During the time the Axe has been used as a trophy, Stanford has held it 47 times to California's 33.", "Big Game TV Big Game TV (stylised as BIG Game TV!) was a live phone-in quiz channel that was broadcast via Sky Broadcasting in 2005. It released a spin-off, \"The Hallmark Channel Quiz\" on 6 March 2006, which was shown on The Hallmark Channel. The show used only three of the presenters. Big Game TV Productions added The Daily Quiz! 13 March 2006. This show aired on ITV Play and on Men & Motors seven days a week and featured a selection of Big Game TV's presenters. ITV ended their involvement with Big Game TV due to fraud allegations in May 2006. Big Game TV was the subject of a City of London Police investigation brought by the BBC Radio 4 programme \"You and Yours\" in May 2006 over allegations that receptionists were told to ignore all incoming calls for long periods of time while 150-200 calls per minute were charged 75p each. The channel was later called before a parliamentary committee. After investigating, the City of London Police said no charges would be brought against the channel. NTL removed the channel from their channel line-up on 7 June. The channel closed down entirely after leaving Sky in early 2007, after some bad press for the call-TV industry.", "Big Game (horse) Big Game (1939\u20131963) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from April 1941 to October 1942, the colt, who was owned by King George VI, ran nine times and won eight races. He was the best British two-year-old colt of his generation in 1941 when he was unbeaten in five starts. Two further wins the following spring including the 2000 Guineas at Newmarket took his unbeaten run to seven, but he suffered his first defeat when odds-on favourite for the wartime \"New Derby\". He won his only other race in the Champion Stakes before being retired to stud. Big Game's royal connections and racecourse success made him one of the most popular horses of his time. Big Game was a powerfully built dark bay horse standing 16.1 hands high, bred by the British National Stud and leased for his racing career to King George VI. He was sired by the unbeaten Triple Crown winner Bahram, out of Myrobella, an exceptionally fast filly who was rated the best British two-year-old of either sex in 1932. Myrobella was a member of the same thoroughbred family which produced the Epsom Derby winners Sansovino and Snow Knight. Big Game was sent into training with Fred Darling at Beckhampton in Wiltshire. Big Game's entire career took place during World War II during which horse racing in Britain was subject to many restrictions. Several major racecourses, including Epsom, Ascot and Doncaster, were closed for the duration of the conflict, either for safety reasons, or because they were being used by the military. Many important races were rescheduled to new dates and venues, often at short notice, and all five of the Classics were run at Newmarket. Big Game made his first public appearance in the five furlong Hurstbourne Stakes at his local course at Salisbury in April.", "Rifles, Shotguns, and Pistols Only. (Bag two bucks and one doe) -Delta County, Michigan, Upper Peninsula Deer: Whitetail deer Big Game: Eastern Timber Wolf Small Game: Skunk Fish: Muskie Fall- Bows only (Bag one buck and one doe) Winter- No firearm restriction (Bag two bucks) -Prince of Wales Island, Alaska Deer: Sitka black tail deer Big Game: Brown bear (Common) Small Game: Lynx Fish: Arctic Grayling Summer- Muzzleloaders only (Bag two does) Fall- No firearm restriction (Bag two bucks and one doe) -White Pine County, Nevada Deer: Desert Mule deer Big Game: Desert Bighorn Sheep Small Game: Coyote Fish: Crappie Summer- No firearm restriction (Bag two bucks and one doe) Fall- Rifles, Shotguns, Pistols only. (Bag one buck and two does) -Taylor's Island, Maryland Deer: Sika deer Big Game: Black bear (American) Small Game: Grey Squirrel Fish: Striped bass Fall- Muzzleloaders and Bows only. (Bag one buck and one doe) Winter- No firearm restrictions (Bag Two bucks) -Kerr County, Texas Deer: Axis deer Big Game: Javelina Small Game: Jackrabbit Fish: Smallmouth bass Spring- No firearm restrictions (Bag two bucks) Winter- No firearm restrictions (Bag two bucks and one doe) -Saskatchewan, Canada Deer: Fallow deer Big Game: Northwestern Moose Small Game: Beaver Fish: Northern Pike Fall- No firearm restriction (Bag one buck and two does) Winter- No firearm restriction (Bag three bucks) -Chihuahua, Mexico Deer: Coues deer Big Game: Pronghorn Antelope Small Game: Cottontail Rabbit Fish: Largemouth bass Summer- No firearm restriction (Bag one buck and two does) Fall- No firearm restriction", "In most cases, a lottery joining Mega Millions on or after January 31, 2010 offered Powerball before the MUSL cross-sell expansion. Tickets for \"The Big Game\" began to be sold in Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, and Virginia on August 31, 1996. \" The Big Game\" was created and designed by Michigan Lottery Commissioner Bill Martin and Illinois Lottery Director Desiree Rogers after having discussions regarding a multi-state game with lottery directors Rebecca Paul of the Georgia Lottery and Penelope W. Kyle of the Virginia Lottery. \" The Big Game\" initially was drawn weekly, on Friday. The Georgia Lottery was a member of MUSL at the time and wanted to sell both games for the remainder of 1996; however, within a few days, Georgia was forcibly removed from MUSL, returning with the 2010 cross-selling expansion. Beginning in January 1999, jackpot winners were given the option to receive their prize in cash. In May 1999, New Jersey joined \"The Big Game\", the only jurisdiction to enter as a participant before \"The Big Game\" became Mega Millions in 2002. Ohio and New York joined \"The Big Game\" consortium on May 15, 2002, when the game was renamed \"The Big Game Mega Millions\", temporarily retaining the old name and the original \"gold ball\" logo. The \"Big Money Ball\" became the \"Mega Ball.\" While the game's name was altered, the yellow ball in the new Mega Millions logo continued to read \"The Big Game\" until February 2003, after which it was replaced with six stars representing the original members of the consortium. The first \"(The Big Game) Mega Millions\" drawing was held two days later, on May 17. The Mega Millions trademark is owned by the Illinois Lottery."], "answer": {"text": "White Lion released their third album, Big Game,", "answer_start": 16}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7c85338ea7c34ed6bdc6a2206f1cd937_1_q#1", "question": "How did the album do?", "rewrite": "How did the Big Game album do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rifles, Shotguns, and Pistols Only. (Bag two bucks and one doe) -Delta County, Michigan, Upper Peninsula Deer: Whitetail deer Big Game: Eastern Timber Wolf Small Game: Skunk Fish: Muskie Fall- Bows only (Bag one buck and one doe) Winter- No firearm restriction (Bag two bucks) -Prince of Wales Island, Alaska Deer: Sitka black tail deer Big Game: Brown bear (Common) Small Game: Lynx Fish: Arctic Grayling Summer- Muzzleloaders only (Bag two does) Fall- No firearm restriction (Bag two bucks and one doe) -White Pine County, Nevada Deer: Desert Mule deer Big Game: Desert Bighorn Sheep Small Game: Coyote Fish: Crappie Summer- No firearm restriction (Bag two bucks and one doe) Fall- Rifles, Shotguns, Pistols only. (Bag one buck and two does) -Taylor's Island, Maryland Deer: Sika deer Big Game: Black bear (American) Small Game: Grey Squirrel Fish: Striped bass Fall- Muzzleloaders and Bows only. (Bag one buck and one doe) Winter- No firearm restrictions (Bag Two bucks) -Kerr County, Texas Deer: Axis deer Big Game: Javelina Small Game: Jackrabbit Fish: Smallmouth bass Spring- No firearm restrictions (Bag two bucks) Winter- No firearm restrictions (Bag two bucks and one doe) -Saskatchewan, Canada Deer: Fallow deer Big Game: Northwestern Moose Small Game: Beaver Fish: Northern Pike Fall- No firearm restriction (Bag one buck and two does) Winter- No firearm restriction (Bag three bucks) -Chihuahua, Mexico Deer: Coues deer Big Game: Pronghorn Antelope Small Game: Cottontail Rabbit Fish: Largemouth bass Summer- No firearm restriction (Bag one buck and two does) Fall- No firearm restriction", "Big Game (horse) Big Game (1939\u20131963) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from April 1941 to October 1942, the colt, who was owned by King George VI, ran nine times and won eight races. He was the best British two-year-old colt of his generation in 1941 when he was unbeaten in five starts. Two further wins the following spring including the 2000 Guineas at Newmarket took his unbeaten run to seven, but he suffered his first defeat when odds-on favourite for the wartime \"New Derby\". He won his only other race in the Champion Stakes before being retired to stud. Big Game's royal connections and racecourse success made him one of the most popular horses of his time. Big Game was a powerfully built dark bay horse standing 16.1 hands high, bred by the British National Stud and leased for his racing career to King George VI. He was sired by the unbeaten Triple Crown winner Bahram, out of Myrobella, an exceptionally fast filly who was rated the best British two-year-old of either sex in 1932. Myrobella was a member of the same thoroughbred family which produced the Epsom Derby winners Sansovino and Snow Knight. Big Game was sent into training with Fred Darling at Beckhampton in Wiltshire. Big Game's entire career took place during World War II during which horse racing in Britain was subject to many restrictions. Several major racecourses, including Epsom, Ascot and Doncaster, were closed for the duration of the conflict, either for safety reasons, or because they were being used by the military. Many important races were rescheduled to new dates and venues, often at short notice, and all five of the Classics were run at Newmarket. Big Game made his first public appearance in the five furlong Hurstbourne Stakes at his local course at Salisbury in April.", "In most cases, a lottery joining Mega Millions on or after January 31, 2010 offered Powerball before the MUSL cross-sell expansion. Tickets for \"The Big Game\" began to be sold in Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, and Virginia on August 31, 1996. \" The Big Game\" was created and designed by Michigan Lottery Commissioner Bill Martin and Illinois Lottery Director Desiree Rogers after having discussions regarding a multi-state game with lottery directors Rebecca Paul of the Georgia Lottery and Penelope W. Kyle of the Virginia Lottery. \" The Big Game\" initially was drawn weekly, on Friday. The Georgia Lottery was a member of MUSL at the time and wanted to sell both games for the remainder of 1996; however, within a few days, Georgia was forcibly removed from MUSL, returning with the 2010 cross-selling expansion. Beginning in January 1999, jackpot winners were given the option to receive their prize in cash. In May 1999, New Jersey joined \"The Big Game\", the only jurisdiction to enter as a participant before \"The Big Game\" became Mega Millions in 2002. Ohio and New York joined \"The Big Game\" consortium on May 15, 2002, when the game was renamed \"The Big Game Mega Millions\", temporarily retaining the old name and the original \"gold ball\" logo. The \"Big Money Ball\" became the \"Mega Ball.\" While the game's name was altered, the yellow ball in the new Mega Millions logo continued to read \"The Big Game\" until February 2003, after which it was replaced with six stars representing the original members of the consortium. The first \"(The Big Game) Mega Millions\" drawing was held two days later, on May 17. The Mega Millions trademark is owned by the Illinois Lottery.", "Despite this practice, the official score must be on the Axe prior to the start of each Big Game no matter who has it at the time. When Stanford has the Axe, it is guarded by the Stanford Axe Committee and kept in a secret location, when not on display in the lobby of the Arrillaga Sports Center. When California is in possession of the Axe, the Chairman of the UC Rally Committee acts as its custodian. It is generally displayed in the lobby of the Martin Luther King Junior Student Union Building. During the Big Game, the Stanford Axe is displayed by the school that won the Big Game during the previous year. The Stanford Axe is transferred at the Big Game during what is known as \"The Stare Down. \" With two minutes remaining in the Big Game, the Stanford Axe is brought to the 50 yard line, where members of the UC Rally Committee and the Stanford Axe Committee wait until the end of the game to determine who will take the Axe. Once the game ends, the winner of Big Game takes possession of the Axe until the next Big Game is played. Currently, Stanford has the Axe after winning the 121st Big Game on December 1, 2018 by the score of 23\u201313. Although Stanford leads the all-time series before and after the use of the Axe as a trophy, California still has held the Axe for a longer amount of time due to their 31 year possession before the recapture of the Axe by Stanford. During the time the Axe has been used as a trophy, Stanford has held it 47 times to California's 33.", "Little Fighter (song) Little Fighter is a song by American/Danish hard rock band White Lion and was the first single released from the 1989 album \"Big Game\". The song is about a Greenpeace boat named Rainbow Warrior which was destroyed by the French while docked in Auckland harbour New Zealand. Inside the Big Game album booklet where the Little Fighter lyrics are located it says \"In Memory of Rainbow Warrior\" in brackets next to the name. The song charted at #52 on The Billboard Hot 100 and #12 on The Mainstream Rock Charts in the US, and #65 in Canada. The song features a music video and was also re-recorded in 1999 on the album \"Remembering White Lion\" (also released as \"Last Roar\" in 2004) and a live version was released in 2005 on the live album \"Rocking the USA\". The song was covered by punk band, Death by Stereo, on the Punk Goes Metal album, released on August 1, 2000. This was first album released in the \"Punk Goes...\" compilation series created by Fearless Records, featuring covers of heavy metal songs performed punk rock bands. In 2011, it was covered by Red City Radio on a split with The Gamits."], "answer": {"text": "The album quickly went gold, with a peak of No. 19 on the album charts.", "answer_start": 479}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Big Game?", "answer": {"text": "White Lion released their third album, Big Game,", "answer_start": 16, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7c85338ea7c34ed6bdc6a2206f1cd937_1_q#2", "question": "Did the album have any hit singles?", "rewrite": "Did the Big Game album have any hit singles?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rifles, Shotguns, and Pistols Only. (Bag two bucks and one doe) -Delta County, Michigan, Upper Peninsula Deer: Whitetail deer Big Game: Eastern Timber Wolf Small Game: Skunk Fish: Muskie Fall- Bows only (Bag one buck and one doe) Winter- No firearm restriction (Bag two bucks) -Prince of Wales Island, Alaska Deer: Sitka black tail deer Big Game: Brown bear (Common) Small Game: Lynx Fish: Arctic Grayling Summer- Muzzleloaders only (Bag two does) Fall- No firearm restriction (Bag two bucks and one doe) -White Pine County, Nevada Deer: Desert Mule deer Big Game: Desert Bighorn Sheep Small Game: Coyote Fish: Crappie Summer- No firearm restriction (Bag two bucks and one doe) Fall- Rifles, Shotguns, Pistols only. (Bag one buck and two does) -Taylor's Island, Maryland Deer: Sika deer Big Game: Black bear (American) Small Game: Grey Squirrel Fish: Striped bass Fall- Muzzleloaders and Bows only. (Bag one buck and one doe) Winter- No firearm restrictions (Bag Two bucks) -Kerr County, Texas Deer: Axis deer Big Game: Javelina Small Game: Jackrabbit Fish: Smallmouth bass Spring- No firearm restrictions (Bag two bucks) Winter- No firearm restrictions (Bag two bucks and one doe) -Saskatchewan, Canada Deer: Fallow deer Big Game: Northwestern Moose Small Game: Beaver Fish: Northern Pike Fall- No firearm restriction (Bag one buck and two does) Winter- No firearm restriction (Bag three bucks) -Chihuahua, Mexico Deer: Coues deer Big Game: Pronghorn Antelope Small Game: Cottontail Rabbit Fish: Largemouth bass Summer- No firearm restriction (Bag one buck and two does) Fall- No firearm restriction", "Little Fighter (song) Little Fighter is a song by American/Danish hard rock band White Lion and was the first single released from the 1989 album \"Big Game\". The song is about a Greenpeace boat named Rainbow Warrior which was destroyed by the French while docked in Auckland harbour New Zealand. Inside the Big Game album booklet where the Little Fighter lyrics are located it says \"In Memory of Rainbow Warrior\" in brackets next to the name. The song charted at #52 on The Billboard Hot 100 and #12 on The Mainstream Rock Charts in the US, and #65 in Canada. The song features a music video and was also re-recorded in 1999 on the album \"Remembering White Lion\" (also released as \"Last Roar\" in 2004) and a live version was released in 2005 on the live album \"Rocking the USA\". The song was covered by punk band, Death by Stereo, on the Punk Goes Metal album, released on August 1, 2000. This was first album released in the \"Punk Goes...\" compilation series created by Fearless Records, featuring covers of heavy metal songs performed punk rock bands. In 2011, it was covered by Red City Radio on a split with The Gamits.", "In most cases, a lottery joining Mega Millions on or after January 31, 2010 offered Powerball before the MUSL cross-sell expansion. Tickets for \"The Big Game\" began to be sold in Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, and Virginia on August 31, 1996. \" The Big Game\" was created and designed by Michigan Lottery Commissioner Bill Martin and Illinois Lottery Director Desiree Rogers after having discussions regarding a multi-state game with lottery directors Rebecca Paul of the Georgia Lottery and Penelope W. Kyle of the Virginia Lottery. \" The Big Game\" initially was drawn weekly, on Friday. The Georgia Lottery was a member of MUSL at the time and wanted to sell both games for the remainder of 1996; however, within a few days, Georgia was forcibly removed from MUSL, returning with the 2010 cross-selling expansion. Beginning in January 1999, jackpot winners were given the option to receive their prize in cash. In May 1999, New Jersey joined \"The Big Game\", the only jurisdiction to enter as a participant before \"The Big Game\" became Mega Millions in 2002. Ohio and New York joined \"The Big Game\" consortium on May 15, 2002, when the game was renamed \"The Big Game Mega Millions\", temporarily retaining the old name and the original \"gold ball\" logo. The \"Big Money Ball\" became the \"Mega Ball.\" While the game's name was altered, the yellow ball in the new Mega Millions logo continued to read \"The Big Game\" until February 2003, after which it was replaced with six stars representing the original members of the consortium. The first \"(The Big Game) Mega Millions\" drawing was held two days later, on May 17. The Mega Millions trademark is owned by the Illinois Lottery.", "Big Game TV Big Game TV (stylised as BIG Game TV!) was a live phone-in quiz channel that was broadcast via Sky Broadcasting in 2005. It released a spin-off, \"The Hallmark Channel Quiz\" on 6 March 2006, which was shown on The Hallmark Channel. The show used only three of the presenters. Big Game TV Productions added The Daily Quiz! 13 March 2006. This show aired on ITV Play and on Men & Motors seven days a week and featured a selection of Big Game TV's presenters. ITV ended their involvement with Big Game TV due to fraud allegations in May 2006. Big Game TV was the subject of a City of London Police investigation brought by the BBC Radio 4 programme \"You and Yours\" in May 2006 over allegations that receptionists were told to ignore all incoming calls for long periods of time while 150-200 calls per minute were charged 75p each. The channel was later called before a parliamentary committee. After investigating, the City of London Police said no charges would be brought against the channel. NTL removed the channel from their channel line-up on 7 June. The channel closed down entirely after leaving Sky in early 2007, after some bad press for the call-TV industry.", "Despite this practice, the official score must be on the Axe prior to the start of each Big Game no matter who has it at the time. When Stanford has the Axe, it is guarded by the Stanford Axe Committee and kept in a secret location, when not on display in the lobby of the Arrillaga Sports Center. When California is in possession of the Axe, the Chairman of the UC Rally Committee acts as its custodian. It is generally displayed in the lobby of the Martin Luther King Junior Student Union Building. During the Big Game, the Stanford Axe is displayed by the school that won the Big Game during the previous year. The Stanford Axe is transferred at the Big Game during what is known as \"The Stare Down. \" With two minutes remaining in the Big Game, the Stanford Axe is brought to the 50 yard line, where members of the UC Rally Committee and the Stanford Axe Committee wait until the end of the game to determine who will take the Axe. Once the game ends, the winner of Big Game takes possession of the Axe until the next Big Game is played. Currently, Stanford has the Axe after winning the 121st Big Game on December 1, 2018 by the score of 23\u201313. Although Stanford leads the all-time series before and after the use of the Axe as a trophy, California still has held the Axe for a longer amount of time due to their 31 year possession before the recapture of the Axe by Stanford. During the time the Axe has been used as a trophy, Stanford has held it 47 times to California's 33."], "answer": {"text": "the single \"Little Fighter\" (which peaked at No. 52", "answer_start": 119}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Big Game?", "answer": {"text": "White Lion released their third album, Big Game,", "answer_start": 16, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the album do?", "answer": {"text": "The album quickly went gold, with a peak of No. 19 on the album charts.", "answer_start": 479, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7c85338ea7c34ed6bdc6a2206f1cd937_1_q#3", "question": "Were there any other notable ones?", "rewrite": "Aside from the single Little Fighter, Were there any other notable ones from the Big Game album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Little Fighter Little Fighter is a single and multiplayer beat 'em up game designed and developed by Marti Wong. It was released in 1995. In this game, players can choose to play as one of 11 characters. Each character has exactly 3 special moves. Players participate in a battle in three different modes. The game allows for a one on one match, team matches or elimination tournament matches. There can be up to 8 fighters simultaneously on screen. There can be up to 4 human players on the same game. Playing with a joystick is also an available option, making the game more versatile. Little Fighter 2 is the sequel to Little Fighter. It was created by Marti Wong and Starsky Wong in 1999. After the release, it had several updates. In 2005, Marti Wong collaborated with Oscar Chu, to release the MMO sequel \"Little Fighter Online\".", "Little Fighter 2 Little Fighter 2 (LF2; ) is a Hong Kong freeware PC fighting game for Windows and is the sequel to the game \"Little Fighter\". \" Little Fighter 2\" was created by Marti Wong and Starsky Wong in 1999, and received a long series of updates. The game supports up to 4 human players on one computer and a total of 8 characters using online play or computer-controlled opponents. Characters are controlled using the keyboard or a gamepad. All keys can be custom set via a configuration menu. The game has a commercially released sequel, \"Little Fighter Online\". In 2008, in celebration of \"Little Fighter 2\"'s tenth anniversary, version 2.0 was released. The update fixed minor bugs and added a gameplay recording feature, a new stage called 'Survival', a browser toolbar that is not mentioned in the installation process and obstructive ads being displayed while the game is being loaded. Version 2.0a was released in late 2009, with only a bug fix. There are a total of 24 playable characters, 11 of whom are initially playable: By typing a secret code which can be revealed by beating the 'Stage Mode' on 'Difficult' difficulty, the remaining 13 characters are unlocked, 4 of whom are the boss characters: The remaining 9 characters are the common minions who are fought throughout the stage: Third party characters are also available for download. Little Fighter 2 is a fighting game. Each player chooses a character that comes with unique abilities. Attacking another character causes the attacked player to lose HP (health points), represented by a red bar on the heads-up display. Each character also has special attacks that can be activated by pressing a certain combination of keys. Most of these special attacks use up MP (mana points), represented by a blue bar on the heads-up display.", "Little Fighter Online Little Fighter Online (LFO, Chinese: \u5c0f\u670b\u53cb\u9f4a\u6253\u4ea4 Online) was a fighting game for Windows. It was popular at launch in Hong Kong, but has shown a rapid decline in popularity since. The gameplay itself was based on the earlier Little Fighter 2 game, which shares many of the same features. The game was produced by Marti Wong (involved in all the Little Fighter games) and Oscar Chu, a Chinese MMO developer. Little Fighter Online (also known as LFO) was played on several servers. Players have complained about the game have many bugs, lags, and susceptible to players cheating. Version 14 was the last version ever released and players have stopped playing due to instability and unreliability.", "Big Game (album) Big Game is the third studio album by the hard rock band White Lion. It was released on August 10, 1989, by Atlantic Records, reaching #19 on The \"Billboard\" 200 album chart, #28 in Canada and #47 In the UK. In the first half of 1989, still riding high on the multi platinum success of \"Pride\", White Lion re-entered the studio following the completion of their \"Pride\" tour to record the next album, a decision the group later came to regret due to the effects of fatigue from the heavy touring. A musically eclectic follow-up to \"Pride\" , the album featured the single \"Little Fighter\", in Memory of The Rainbow Warrior, a Greenpeace boat which was intentionally sabotaged and sunk by the French Secret Service. A cover of Golden Earring's \"Radar Love\" was released as the second single and \"Cry for Freedom\" was released as the third single. \" Goin' Home Tonight\" was released as the album's final single. All of the singles featured music videos and the album quickly went gold peaking at #19 on the US album charts and charting very well around the world, performing better than the \"Pride\" album. Following the album's release the band continued touring. Album", "Little Fighter (song) Little Fighter is a song by American/Danish hard rock band White Lion and was the first single released from the 1989 album \"Big Game\". The song is about a Greenpeace boat named Rainbow Warrior which was destroyed by the French while docked in Auckland harbour New Zealand. Inside the Big Game album booklet where the Little Fighter lyrics are located it says \"In Memory of Rainbow Warrior\" in brackets next to the name. The song charted at #52 on The Billboard Hot 100 and #12 on The Mainstream Rock Charts in the US, and #65 in Canada. The song features a music video and was also re-recorded in 1999 on the album \"Remembering White Lion\" (also released as \"Last Roar\" in 2004) and a live version was released in 2005 on the live album \"Rocking the USA\". The song was covered by punk band, Death by Stereo, on the Punk Goes Metal album, released on August 1, 2000. This was first album released in the \"Punk Goes...\" compilation series created by Fearless Records, featuring covers of heavy metal songs performed punk rock bands. In 2011, it was covered by Red City Radio on a split with The Gamits."], "answer": {"text": "A cover of Golden Earring's \"Radar Love\" (which peaked at No. 59) was released as the second single", "answer_start": 260}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Big Game?", "answer": {"text": "White Lion released their third album, Big Game,", "answer_start": 16, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the album do?", "answer": {"text": "The album quickly went gold, with a peak of No. 19 on the album charts.", "answer_start": 479, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the album have any hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "the single \"Little Fighter\" (which peaked at No. 52", "answer_start": 119, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7c85338ea7c34ed6bdc6a2206f1cd937_1_q#4", "question": "Did they tour with this album?", "rewrite": "Did White Lion tour with the Big Game album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Little Fighter (song) Little Fighter is a song by American/Danish hard rock band White Lion and was the first single released from the 1989 album \"Big Game\". The song is about a Greenpeace boat named Rainbow Warrior which was destroyed by the French while docked in Auckland harbour New Zealand. Inside the Big Game album booklet where the Little Fighter lyrics are located it says \"In Memory of Rainbow Warrior\" in brackets next to the name. The song charted at #52 on The Billboard Hot 100 and #12 on The Mainstream Rock Charts in the US, and #65 in Canada. The song features a music video and was also re-recorded in 1999 on the album \"Remembering White Lion\" (also released as \"Last Roar\" in 2004) and a live version was released in 2005 on the live album \"Rocking the USA\". The song was covered by punk band, Death by Stereo, on the Punk Goes Metal album, released on August 1, 2000. This was first album released in the \"Punk Goes...\" compilation series created by Fearless Records, featuring covers of heavy metal songs performed punk rock bands. In 2011, it was covered by Red City Radio on a split with The Gamits.", "In 2003, Tramp followed-up with his third album, \"More to Life Than This\", which he once again produced himself but relied on producer/engineer Flemming Rasmussen (Metallica) to engineer and mix the sessions in his very own Sweet Silence Studios. The album's title track, \"More to Life Than This\", and \"Don't Want to Say Good Night\" were both released as singles. A music video made in Australia was released for the song \" Lay Down My Life for You\". Also in 2003, Tramp released the double-disc live album \"Rock 'N' Roll Alive\", which features Tramp performing live versions of songs from White Lion, Freak of Nature, and his solo albums. In 2004 Tramp released the solo album \"Songs I Left Behind\". Tramp also reformed White Lion with a new line-up under the name \"Tramp's White Lion\" (aka White Lion II) due to legal issues with former members. The band played and re-recorded White Lion songs touring and releasing a box set titled \"The Bootleg Series\" in 2004 and a double-live CD entitled \"Rocking the USA\" in 2005. In 2006 Tramp's White Lion toured Europe in November and December with British band Crimes of Passion. In 2007 a White Lion compilation \"The Definitive Rock Collection\" was released and the band was set for a summer tour with Poison and Ratt only to be dropped by the tour promoter after ex-White Lion guitarist Vito Bratta threatened to take legal action over the band name. Eventually Tramp was able to use the original band name again. White Lion recorded a new studio album called \"Return of the Pride\", which was released on March 14, 2008. The band was now once again simply known as White Lion.", "Return of the Pride Return of the Pride is the fifth and final studio album featuring original material by White Lion. The album was released in 2008 on March 14 (Europe), April 9 (Japan), April 29 (North America). This is the first original White Lion studio album since their 1991 album \"Mane Attraction\" and is the only studio album with the new-line up which still features original lead singer Mike Tramp. The album is also a sequel to the band's 1987 album \"Pride\". Following the release of the compilation album \"The Best of White Lion\" the band was mostly known as Tramp's White Lion or White Lion 2 due to legal reasons with former members but is now once again simply known as White Lion. The band did a world tour to support the album. White Lion toured India and played to 42,000 at Shillong, Meghalaya, and a 30,000 plus crowd at the Dimapur stadium in Nagaland. The band was invited to India by the head of the Tripura Royal Family Maharaja Kirit Pradyot Deb Burman. \"Return of the Pride\" received mostly lukewarm reviews from fans and critics alike. \"Sea of Tranquility\" criticized the album for deviating from the core White Lion sound commenting the album \"has absolutely nothing in common with the real White Lion.\" Reviewer Murat Batmaz noted that some of the songs were strong as Mike Tramp solo numbers but did not work under the White Lion moniker due to the absence of guitarist Vito Bratta. \" Sputnik Music\" gave the album a similar rating. It was defined as being \"conventional\" and \"[not] horrible. \" The review also argues that the abundance of keyboards is due to the guitarist not being up to the standards of Bratta.", "hit \"When the Children Cry\" from their second album, the triple-platinum selling \"Pride\". The band enjoyed continued success with their third album, \"Big Game\", which achieved gold status, and their fourth album, \"Mane Attraction\", which they supported with a tour. White Lion disbanded in 1992; their first compilation album, \"The Best of White Lion\", was released not long after. After White Lion, Tramp went on to form the Hard rock band Freak of Nature. The follow-up was significantly darker and harder than White Lion. The band released three albums between 1993 and 1998: \"Freak of Nature\", \"Gathering of Freaks\", and \"Outcasts\". The band shared stages with Helloween and Dio in Europe in 1993. Freak of Nature eventually disbanded in 1996. Following Freak of Nature, Tramp began a solo career, releasing his debut album as a solo artist in 1998 titled \"Capricorn\". The album featured former Freak of Nature bandmates, guitarist Kenny Korade and bass player Jerry Best. Former White Lion bass guitarist James LoMenzo performed backing vocals on the album. The song \"Better Off\" was released as Tramp's debut solo single and features his first solo music video. The album also features the singles \"Already Gone\", \"If I Live Tomorrow\", and \"Take a Little Time\". It would be five years before Tramp returned to the studio to record his follow-up album, \"Recovering the Wasted Years\", during which time he would move to Australia, with the aim of raising his son away from the rigors of big city life and to plan his next career move. \"Recovering the Wasted Years\" was released in 2002 and featured the singles \"Living a Lie\" and \"Endless Highway\" both featuring live music videos.", "White Lion discography The following is a comprehensive discography of White Lion, an American/Danish-based hard rock band, consists of five studio albums, a live album, four compilation albums, 19 singles, and 5 video albums. This list does not include solo material or sideprojects performed by the members. White Lion was formed in New York City in 1983 by Danish vocalist Mike Tramp and American guitarist Vito Bratta. Mainly active in the 1980s and early 1990s, releasing their debut album \"Fight to Survive\" in 1985. The band achieved success with their #8 hit \"Wait\" and #3 hit \"When the Children Cry\" from their second album, the double platinum selling \"Pride\". The band continued their success with their third album, \"Big Game\" which achieved Gold status and their fourth album \"Mane Attraction\" which included a supporting tour. White Lion disbanded in 1992 and not long after their first compilation album, \"The Best of White Lion\" was released. Tramp reformed White Lion with all new musicians in 1999 and again following a failed attempt to reform the original line up and several legal issues in 2004. The new White Lion released a live album in 2005 and a brand new studio album \"Return of the Pride\" in 2008."], "answer": {"text": "The band's success continued with more constant touring.", "answer_start": 551}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Big Game?", "answer": {"text": "White Lion released their third album, Big Game,", "answer_start": 16, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the album do?", "answer": {"text": "The album quickly went gold, with a peak of No. 19 on the album charts.", "answer_start": 479, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the album have any hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "the single \"Little Fighter\" (which peaked at No. 52", "answer_start": 119, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other notable ones?", "answer": {"text": "A cover of Golden Earring's \"Radar Love\" (which peaked at No. 59) was released as the second single", "answer_start": 260, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7c85338ea7c34ed6bdc6a2206f1cd937_1_q#6", "question": "Was there anything else interesting about this album?", "rewrite": "Aside from the success of Big Game, was there anything else interesting about the album?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In most cases, a lottery joining Mega Millions on or after January 31, 2010 offered Powerball before the MUSL cross-sell expansion. Tickets for \"The Big Game\" began to be sold in Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, and Virginia on August 31, 1996. \" The Big Game\" was created and designed by Michigan Lottery Commissioner Bill Martin and Illinois Lottery Director Desiree Rogers after having discussions regarding a multi-state game with lottery directors Rebecca Paul of the Georgia Lottery and Penelope W. Kyle of the Virginia Lottery. \" The Big Game\" initially was drawn weekly, on Friday. The Georgia Lottery was a member of MUSL at the time and wanted to sell both games for the remainder of 1996; however, within a few days, Georgia was forcibly removed from MUSL, returning with the 2010 cross-selling expansion. Beginning in January 1999, jackpot winners were given the option to receive their prize in cash. In May 1999, New Jersey joined \"The Big Game\", the only jurisdiction to enter as a participant before \"The Big Game\" became Mega Millions in 2002. Ohio and New York joined \"The Big Game\" consortium on May 15, 2002, when the game was renamed \"The Big Game Mega Millions\", temporarily retaining the old name and the original \"gold ball\" logo. The \"Big Money Ball\" became the \"Mega Ball.\" While the game's name was altered, the yellow ball in the new Mega Millions logo continued to read \"The Big Game\" until February 2003, after which it was replaced with six stars representing the original members of the consortium. The first \"(The Big Game) Mega Millions\" drawing was held two days later, on May 17. The Mega Millions trademark is owned by the Illinois Lottery.", "\"Broken Arrow\", however, is noteworthy for being one of the first post-war Westerns to portray Native Americans in a balanced, sympathetic way \u2013 although most of the Indians were played by white actors, with Brooklyn-born Jeff Chandler portraying Apache leader Cochise. An exception was that Native Canadian Mohawk actor Jay Silverheels was noted for his role as Geronimo in the film. Some scholars have said that the film appealed to an ideal of tolerance and racial equality that would influence later Westerns and indicate Hollywood's response to the Indian's evolving role in American society. \" Chronicle of the Cinema\" praised the film: \"Based on verifiable fact, it faithfully evokes the historical relationship between Cochise and Jeffords, marking a historical rehabilitation of Indians in the cinema.\" In 1950, Rosebud Yellow Robe, a Native American folklorist, educator, and author, was hired by Twentieth-Century Fox to undertake a national tour to promote the film. Rosebud explained that there were no such things as Indian princesses, and that the myth started when Pocahontas went to England and the English named her \"Lady Rebecca\". Rosebud voiced complaints about the portrayals of Indians on radio, screen, and television to \"... a new generation of children learning the old stereotypes about whooping, warring Indians, as if there weren't anything else interesting about us.\" The Apache Wedding Prayer was written for this movie. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: \"Broken Arrow\" was dramatized as an hour-long radio play on January 22, 1951, starring Burt Lancaster and Debra Paget. It was also presented as a half-hour broadcast of \"Screen Director's Playhouse\" on September 7, 1951, with James Stewart and Jeff Chandler in their original film roles.", "Big Game (horse) Big Game (1939\u20131963) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from April 1941 to October 1942, the colt, who was owned by King George VI, ran nine times and won eight races. He was the best British two-year-old colt of his generation in 1941 when he was unbeaten in five starts. Two further wins the following spring including the 2000 Guineas at Newmarket took his unbeaten run to seven, but he suffered his first defeat when odds-on favourite for the wartime \"New Derby\". He won his only other race in the Champion Stakes before being retired to stud. Big Game's royal connections and racecourse success made him one of the most popular horses of his time. Big Game was a powerfully built dark bay horse standing 16.1 hands high, bred by the British National Stud and leased for his racing career to King George VI. He was sired by the unbeaten Triple Crown winner Bahram, out of Myrobella, an exceptionally fast filly who was rated the best British two-year-old of either sex in 1932. Myrobella was a member of the same thoroughbred family which produced the Epsom Derby winners Sansovino and Snow Knight. Big Game was sent into training with Fred Darling at Beckhampton in Wiltshire. Big Game's entire career took place during World War II during which horse racing in Britain was subject to many restrictions. Several major racecourses, including Epsom, Ascot and Doncaster, were closed for the duration of the conflict, either for safety reasons, or because they were being used by the military. Many important races were rescheduled to new dates and venues, often at short notice, and all five of the Classics were run at Newmarket. Big Game made his first public appearance in the five furlong Hurstbourne Stakes at his local course at Salisbury in April.", "Despite this practice, the official score must be on the Axe prior to the start of each Big Game no matter who has it at the time. When Stanford has the Axe, it is guarded by the Stanford Axe Committee and kept in a secret location, when not on display in the lobby of the Arrillaga Sports Center. When California is in possession of the Axe, the Chairman of the UC Rally Committee acts as its custodian. It is generally displayed in the lobby of the Martin Luther King Junior Student Union Building. During the Big Game, the Stanford Axe is displayed by the school that won the Big Game during the previous year. The Stanford Axe is transferred at the Big Game during what is known as \"The Stare Down. \" With two minutes remaining in the Big Game, the Stanford Axe is brought to the 50 yard line, where members of the UC Rally Committee and the Stanford Axe Committee wait until the end of the game to determine who will take the Axe. Once the game ends, the winner of Big Game takes possession of the Axe until the next Big Game is played. Currently, Stanford has the Axe after winning the 121st Big Game on December 1, 2018 by the score of 23\u201313. Although Stanford leads the all-time series before and after the use of the Axe as a trophy, California still has held the Axe for a longer amount of time due to their 31 year possession before the recapture of the Axe by Stanford. During the time the Axe has been used as a trophy, Stanford has held it 47 times to California's 33.", "Though the two had attended the University of South Dakota at the same time, they had never met. Frantz continued to write until his death in 1993. In the 1950s, Yellow Robe appeared as a regular on NBC children's programs and was featured on Robert Montgomery Presents. In 1950, Rosebud Yellow Robe was hired by Twentieth-Century Fox to undertake a national publicity tour for the movie \"\"Broken Arrow\". \" The movie, directed by Delmer Daves, starred James Stewart as Tom Jeffords, Jeff Chandler as Cochise and Jay Silverheels as Geronimo. The film is based on historical figures but fictionalizes their story in dramatized form. \" Broken Arrow\" was nominated for three Academy Awards, and won a Golden Globe award for \"Best Film Promoting International Understanding.\" Film historians reported that the movie was one of the first major Westerns since the Second World War to portray the Indians sympathetically. Rosebud was interviewed by newspapers during the tour and explained that there were no such things as Indian princesses, and that the myth started when Pocahontas went to England and the English named her \"Lady Rebecca. \" The Americans decided that she must be royalty, so they made her \"princess. \" It's an old English rather an old Indian custom.\" Rosebud voiced complaints about the portrayals of Indians on radio, screen and television to \"a new generation of children learning the old stereotypes about whooping, warring Indians, as if there weren't anything else interesting about us.\" Rosebud Yellow Robe authored two children's books. \u201d \"An Album of the American Indian\"\u201d, published in 1969, highlights centuries of Native American history depicting the daily lives of seven different Indian tribes prior to European contact."], "answer": {"text": "Big Game, a musically eclectic follow-up to Pride", "answer_start": 55}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Big Game?", "answer": {"text": "White Lion released their third album, Big Game,", "answer_start": 16, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the album do?", "answer": {"text": "The album quickly went gold, with a peak of No. 19 on the album charts.", "answer_start": 479, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the album have any hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "the single \"Little Fighter\" (which peaked at No. 52", "answer_start": 119, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other notable ones?", "answer": {"text": "A cover of Golden Earring's \"Radar Love\" (which peaked at No. 59) was released as the second single", "answer_start": 260, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they tour with this album?", "answer": {"text": "The band's success continued with more constant touring.", "answer_start": 551, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did they tour?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c144d2cbb2e24e91a0eb73812903e37c_0_q#0", "question": "What happened in 2012 with Thirty Seconds to Mars?", "rewrite": "What happened in 2012 with Thirty Seconds to Mars?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Thirty Seconds to Mars has received one nomination. ! scope=\"row\"|2010 The Camerimage is an annual festival held in Poland dedicated to the celebration of cinematography. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received two nominations. ! scope=\"row\" rowspan=\"2\"|2013 The Clar\u00edn Award is an annual awards ceremony presented by the Argentine newspaper \"Clar\u00edn\". Thirty Seconds to Mars has received three awards. ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"3\"|2007 The CMA Award was an annual awards ceremony to honor the year's biggest achievements in music, movies, sports and television in Germany. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received two awards from four nominations. ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"4\"|2010 The Drummies Awards is presented annually by the American magazine \"Drum!\". Shannon Leto has received one award from three nominations. ! scope=\"row\"|2009 ! scope=\"row\"|2011 ! scope=\"row\"|2012 The Echo Music Prize is awarded annually by the Deutsche Phono-Akademie (an association of recording companies in Germany) for outstanding achievements in the music industry. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received two nominations. ! scope=\"row\"|2011 ! scope=\"row\"|2014 The Fangoria Chainsaw Award is presented annually by the American magazine \"Fangoria\". Thirty Seconds to Mars has received two awards. ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"2\"|2007 The Fuse Award is presented periodically by the American music channel Fuse. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received one award from two nominations. ! scope=\"row\"|2007 ! scope=\"row\"|2010 The Gotham Awards is an annual awards ceremony presented to the makers of independent films. Thirty Seconds to Mars has been awarded once. ! scope=\"row\"|2012", "scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"2\"|2006 ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"4\"|2010 ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"3\"|2011 ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"3\"|2013 ! scope=\"row\"|2014 ! scope=\"row\"|2018 The MTV Video Music Awards Japan is the Japanese version of the MTV Video Music Awards. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received one nomination. ! scope=\"row\"|2014 The MTV Video Plays Award is presented annually by MTV to celebrate the most played music videos across its international networks. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received three awards. ! scope=\"row\"|2008 ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"2\"|2010 The mtvU Woodie Awards is an annual awards ceremony presented by mtvU. Thirty Seconds to Mars has been awarded once. ! scope=\"row\"|2006 The NME Award is presented annually by the British magazine \"NME\". Thirty Seconds to Mars has received one award from five nominations. ! scope=\"row\"|2011 ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"3\"|2012 ! scope=\"row\"|2013 The O Music Award is presented annually by Viacom to honor the art, creativity, personality and technology of music into the digital space. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received two awards from five nominations. ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"2\"|2011 ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"2\"|2012 ! scope=\"row\"|2013 The Onstage Awards is a set of awards for live music production. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received two nominations. ! scope=\"row\"|2015 ! scope=\"row\"|2019 The Planeta Award is presented annually by the Peruvian radio station of the same name.", "Thirty Seconds to Mars has received two awards from five nominations. ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"5\"|2007 The Rock on Request Award was presented annually by the American online magazine \"Rock on Request\". Thirty Seconds to Mars has received nineteen awards. ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"7\"|2007 ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"6\"|2008 ! scope=\"row\" rowspan=\"6\"|2009 The Rockol Award is presented annually by the Italian online magazine \"Rockol\". Thirty Seconds to Mars has received two awards. ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"2\"|2018 The Teen Choice Award is an annual awards ceremony to honor the year's biggest achievements in music, movies, sports and television, being voted by young people aged between 13 and 19. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received one nomination. ! scope=\"row\"|2011 The TMF Awards was an annual awards ceremony presented by The Music Factory. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received four nominations. ! scope=\"row\" rowspan=\"2\"|2007 ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"2\"|2008 The TMJ Award was presented annually by the American radio TMJ. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received one award from six nominations. ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"6\"|2010 The Toronto International Film Festival is an eleven-day film festival held in Toronto, Ontario. Thirty Seconds to Mars has been awarded once. ! scope=\"row\"|2012 The TPi Awards is presented annually by the British magazine \"TPi\" to honor the top international live entertainment industry artists and professionals. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received one nomination. ! scope=\"row\"|2015", "The \"Guinness World Records\" is a reference book published annually, containing a collection of world records, both human achievements and the extremes of the natural world. Thirty Seconds to Mars currently holds one world record. ! scope=\"row\"|2011 The iHeartRadio Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony presented by iHeartRadio. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received two nominations. ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"2\"|2018 ! scope=\"row\"|2019 The Kerrang! Award is presented annually by the British magazine \"Kerrang!\". Thirty Seconds to Mars has received six awards from eighteen nominations. ! scope=\"row\" rowspan=\"2\"|2007 ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"4\"|2008 ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"4\"|2010 ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"4\"|2011 ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"2\"|2012 ! scope=\"row\"|2013 ! scope=\"row\"|2014 The Live Lounge of the Year was a competition presented by BBC Radio 1 to honor the best live performances on Live Lounge. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received two nominations. ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"2\"|2011 The Loudwire Music Award is presented annually by the American online magazine \"Loudwire\". Thirty Seconds to Mars has been awarded once. ! scope=\"row\"|2014 The MK Awards was an annual awards ceremony presented by the South African music channel MK. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received one nomination. ! scope=\"row\"|2011 The Los Premios MTV Latinoam\u00e9rica was the Latin American version of the MTV Video Music Awards. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received one award from three nominations. ! scope=\"row\"|2007 ! scope=\"row", "Welcome to the Universe Tour The Welcome to the Universe Tour was a concert tour by American rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars, in support of their second studio album \"A Beautiful Lie\" (2005). Presenting a series of inexpensive concerts for music fans, the concert tour was announced in August 2006 as a part of the MTV2 $2Bill tour. The Welcome to the Universe Tour began on October 17, 2006 in Minneapolis, Minnesota and ended on November 25, 2006 in Los Angeles, California. The setlist encompassed songs from their first two studio albums, \"30 Seconds to Mars\" and \"A Beautiful Lie\". Labelled as a green tour, Thirty Seconds to Mars developed strategies that minimized fuel consumption of all touring vehicles. Head Automatica and Cobra Starship served as the opening acts, with other bands joining for select dates. The Welcome to the Universe Tour received positive reviews from critics, who praised Thirty Seconds to Mars' energy onstage and the production of the show. The concert tour was recorded and broadcast on MTV2. The tour was officially announced on August 31, 2006 by MTV2 as a part of the $2Bill tour, which previously attracted a diverse mix of music artists, including Beastie Boys, Radiohead, Coldplay, and Kanye West. Set for October 2006, the tour showcased Thirty Seconds to Mars' second studio album \"A Beautiful Lie\". It commenced on October 17, 2006 in Minneapolis, Minnesota and ended on November 25, 2006 in Los Angeles, California. The tour was announced shortly after the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards at which Thirty Seconds to Mars received the MTV2 Award for their single \"The Kill\". A limited number of tickets per city were made available for $2 each in a special internet pre-sale sponsored by MTV2 and Thirty Seconds to Mars beginning on September 16. Sales for general tickets began the following week on September 23."], "answer": {"text": "Thirty Seconds to Mars took a break from touring in 2012 and spent most of the year recording their fourth album, entitled Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c144d2cbb2e24e91a0eb73812903e37c_0_q#1", "question": "How did this album do?", "rewrite": "How did \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" do?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In December 2013, \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for shipments of 60,000 units in the country. In Australia, the album entered the ARIA Charts at number four with first week sales of 4,814 copies. In Russia, it debuted at number five, earning a gold certification in its first week of sales. In Portugal, \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" debuted at number three behind Daft Punk's \"Random Access Memories\" and The National's \"Trouble Will Find Me\". After fluctuating down the chart, the album reached the top spot on the issue dated July 15, 2013 and was certified two-times platinum by the Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fonogr\u00e1fica Portuguesa (AFP), with sales of over 40,000 copies. In Germany, the album debuted at number three and has since been certified gold by the Bundesverband Musikindustrie (BVMI), denoting shipments of over 100,000 units throughout the country. \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" also reached the top ten in Austria, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, Canada, Finland, Norway, Spain, Czech Republic, Estonia, and Ireland. Credits adapted from \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" album liner notes. ! scope=\"row\"|United States", "Unlike \"This Is War\", where an entire audience-sized crowd took part in the recording, the summit that took place for the recording of \"Love, Lust Faith and Dreams\" was more stripped-down and organic, with only 20 to 25 people contributing vocals to the record. \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" is a concept album revolving around the themes after which the album is named. The album is divided into four segments, each named \"Love\", \"Lust\", \"Faith\" and \"Dreams\", respectively, with the beginning of each segment declared by a female voice proclaiming the name of the segment before the beginning of a song or at the end of an interlude which introduces the next segment of the album. A more specific album concept can be seen inside the CD. It is recognized by four colors, with the color red standing for \"Love\", yellow for \"Lust\", green for \"Faith\", and blue for \"Dreams\". \"LOVE\" contains \"Birth\" and \"Conquistador\". \" LUST\" contains \"Up in the Air\", \"City of Angels\", \"The Race\", \" End of All Days\" and \"Pyres of Varanasi\". \"FAITH\" contains \"Bright Lights\", \"Do or Die\" and \"Convergence\". \" DREAMS\" contains \"Northern Lights\", and \"Depuis Le D\u00e9but\". Stylistically, \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" has been described as experimental rock, electronic rock, and art rock. The artwork for \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" features Damien Hirst's 2011 gloss-on-canvas work, entitled \"Isonicotinic Acid Ethyl Ester\". The painting is part of Hirst's spot painting series.", "City of Angels (song) \"City of Angels\" is a song by American rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars, featured on their fourth studio album \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" (2013). Written by lead vocalist Jared Leto, who co-produced the song with Steve Lillywhite, \"City of Angels\" was inspired by Leto's experience of living in Los Angeles with his family and was influenced by the city's culture. Imbued with elements of synthrock as well as music from the 1980s, the track was cited as an example of the album's variety and experimentation. It was one of the first songs to be written for \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\", but required a long period of time to record. \"City of Angels\" was released as a promotional single in July 2013 in the United States, and was serviced to mainstream radio in Europe in October 2013. It received general acclaim from music critics, who commended the song's composition and production. Following the release of \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\", the track appeared in the lower regions of the UK Rock Chart. When released as a single, it re-entered the chart reaching number 21, peaked at number eight on the Alternative Songs in the US, and experienced moderate success in some international markets due to digital sales from the album. A piano version of the song was digitally released in July 2014. Jared Leto directed the music video for the song, which features several personalities joining the three members of Thirty Seconds to Mars in sharing their visions about Los Angeles. The video was favorably reviewed by critics, who complimented the simplicity and cohesion with the song's message. It received the Loudwire Music Award for Best Rock Video and was nominated for Best Cinematography at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards.", "\"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" received a nomination in the category of Best International Rock/Alternative at the 2014 Echo Awards, but lost to \"Outlaw Gentlemen & Shady Ladies\" by Volbeat. It was the band's second consecutive nomination for the Echo Music Prize. \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" was nominated for Best Album at the 2014 World Music Awards, but lost to \"Coup d'Etat\" by G-Dragon. The album also earned the band the MTV Europe Music Award for Best Alternative in two consecutive years in 2013 and 2014. In the United States, \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" debuted at number six on the \"Billboard\" 200, selling 53,000 copies in its first week of release according to Nielsen SoundScan. It became the band's first album to reach the top ten of the chart and was also their second-largest sales week in the nation, behind their 2009 album \" This Is War\" which opened with 69,000 copies. The album entered both the \"Billboard\"'s Alternative Albums and Rock Albums charts at number three. It also debuted at number six on the magazine's Tastemaker Albums. In March 2014, it re-entered the \"Billboard\" 200 at number 25 with sales of over 186,000 copies, following a promotion by the iTunes Store. By the end of 2013, \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" was included among the best-selling rock albums of the year. In the United Kingdom, \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" entered the national albums chart at number five and debuted at the top spot of the UK Rock Chart. During its first week, the songs \"Conquistador\" and \"City of Angels\" appeared in lower regions of the rock chart due to strong digital sales from the album.", "Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams Tour The Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams Tour was the third worldwide concert tour by American rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars in support of the band's fourth studio album \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\". The tour started on June 5, 2013 in Europe (Impact Festival, Warsaw, Poland), playing in open-air spaces and festivals such as Rock am Ring, Rock Werchter, Download Festival, Nova Rock Festival, and Pinkpop Festival. In mid-August 2013, the tour should have reached Australia, but due to a medical procedure the dates were rescheduled to March 2014. Also in August they played in Tokyo. In September the band performed at Rock in Rio and the iTunes Festival. In the middle of September they will continue touring in North America. By the end of October the band will return to Europe to play in arenas. The venue in Melbourne, Australia is shifted to Hisense Arena to please Rolling Stones. Thirty Seconds to Mars will embark on a double-headline tour, dubbed the Carnivores Tour, with American rock band Linkin Park, which will span 25 dates in August and September 2014 in North America."], "answer": {"text": "Creatively, we've gone to an entirely new place, which is exciting, unexpected, and incredibly inspiring.\"", "answer_start": 399}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 2012 with Thirty Seconds to Mars?", "answer": {"text": "Thirty Seconds to Mars took a break from touring in 2012 and spent most of the year recording their fourth album, entitled Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c144d2cbb2e24e91a0eb73812903e37c_0_q#2", "question": "How did the album sound?", "rewrite": "How did \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" sound?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams (stylized as LOVE LUST FAITH + DREAMS) is the fourth studio album by American rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars, released through Virgin Records on May 17, 2013, in the UK on May 20 and in the US on May 21. It is their first album in four years, following \"This Is War\" (2009), as well as their last album released through Virgin. The record carries the concept album format of \" This Is War\" and expands the spectrum to revolve around the themes after which it is named. Its sound follows the experimental direction found on some of the band's previous work, incorporating elements of art rock and electronic music. The album was promoted with three singles, \"Up in the Air\", \"Do or Die\", and \"City of Angels\", two of which managed to chart within the top ten on the US Alternative Songs chart. Upon release, the album was well received by critics, who called it a return to form for the band. It was the group's second consecutive nomination for the Echo Music Prize. The album debuted at number 6 on the \"Billboard\" 200, becoming the band's first top ten album on the chart, and reached the top ten in more than fifteen countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and Germany. In 2009, Thirty Seconds to Mars released their third studio album \" This Is War\". The album saw a new direction taken by the band, employing darker lyrical themes, a louder sound and \"much more electronic and experimental, with lots of vintage synths.\" \"This Is War\" has since sold over four million albums and one million singles solicited from the album worldwide, making the album the band's most commercially successful so far.", "Unlike \"This Is War\", where an entire audience-sized crowd took part in the recording, the summit that took place for the recording of \"Love, Lust Faith and Dreams\" was more stripped-down and organic, with only 20 to 25 people contributing vocals to the record. \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" is a concept album revolving around the themes after which the album is named. The album is divided into four segments, each named \"Love\", \"Lust\", \"Faith\" and \"Dreams\", respectively, with the beginning of each segment declared by a female voice proclaiming the name of the segment before the beginning of a song or at the end of an interlude which introduces the next segment of the album. A more specific album concept can be seen inside the CD. It is recognized by four colors, with the color red standing for \"Love\", yellow for \"Lust\", green for \"Faith\", and blue for \"Dreams\". \"LOVE\" contains \"Birth\" and \"Conquistador\". \" LUST\" contains \"Up in the Air\", \"City of Angels\", \"The Race\", \" End of All Days\" and \"Pyres of Varanasi\". \"FAITH\" contains \"Bright Lights\", \"Do or Die\" and \"Convergence\". \" DREAMS\" contains \"Northern Lights\", and \"Depuis Le D\u00e9but\". Stylistically, \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" has been described as experimental rock, electronic rock, and art rock. The artwork for \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" features Damien Hirst's 2011 gloss-on-canvas work, entitled \"Isonicotinic Acid Ethyl Ester\". The painting is part of Hirst's spot painting series.", "In December 2013, \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for shipments of 60,000 units in the country. In Australia, the album entered the ARIA Charts at number four with first week sales of 4,814 copies. In Russia, it debuted at number five, earning a gold certification in its first week of sales. In Portugal, \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" debuted at number three behind Daft Punk's \"Random Access Memories\" and The National's \"Trouble Will Find Me\". After fluctuating down the chart, the album reached the top spot on the issue dated July 15, 2013 and was certified two-times platinum by the Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fonogr\u00e1fica Portuguesa (AFP), with sales of over 40,000 copies. In Germany, the album debuted at number three and has since been certified gold by the Bundesverband Musikindustrie (BVMI), denoting shipments of over 100,000 units throughout the country. \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" also reached the top ten in Austria, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, Canada, Finland, Norway, Spain, Czech Republic, Estonia, and Ireland. Credits adapted from \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" album liner notes. ! scope=\"row\"|United States", "Conquistador (Thirty Seconds to Mars song) \"Conquistador\" is a song by American rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars, featured on their fourth studio album \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" (2013). Written by lead vocalist Jared Leto, who also produced the song with Steve Lillywhite, \"Conquistador\" features combative lyrics and call-and-response verses. Described as the \"wild child\" of the album, it is an alternative rock song with influences and elements from electronica. Thirty Seconds to Mars premiered the song on Vevo on May 2, 2013, two weeks before the album's release. \"Conquistador\" received mostly positive reviews from music critics, who praised the composition and its raw energy. The song appeared on the UK Rock Chart upon the album's release at number 24 for a single week, being one of two songs from \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" to appear on the chart, the other being \"City of Angels\". Thirty Seconds to Mars included the song in the setlist of their Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams Tour and the subsequent Carnivores Tour. \"Conquistador\" was written by lead vocalist Jared Leto, who also produced the song with Steve Lillywhite. The latter had previously worked with Thirty Seconds to Mars on the production of the band's third studio album, \"This Is War\" (2009). The song was engineered by Jamie Reed Schefman and mixed by Lillywhite. Clay Blair engineered it for mixing at Boulevard Recording in Los Angeles, California. It was recorded at The International Centre for the Advancement of the Arts and Sciences of Sound and mastered by Howie Weinberg and Dan Gerbarg at Howie Weinberg Mastering in Los Angeles.", "\"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" received a nomination in the category of Best International Rock/Alternative at the 2014 Echo Awards, but lost to \"Outlaw Gentlemen & Shady Ladies\" by Volbeat. It was the band's second consecutive nomination for the Echo Music Prize. \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" was nominated for Best Album at the 2014 World Music Awards, but lost to \"Coup d'Etat\" by G-Dragon. The album also earned the band the MTV Europe Music Award for Best Alternative in two consecutive years in 2013 and 2014. In the United States, \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" debuted at number six on the \"Billboard\" 200, selling 53,000 copies in its first week of release according to Nielsen SoundScan. It became the band's first album to reach the top ten of the chart and was also their second-largest sales week in the nation, behind their 2009 album \" This Is War\" which opened with 69,000 copies. The album entered both the \"Billboard\"'s Alternative Albums and Rock Albums charts at number three. It also debuted at number six on the magazine's Tastemaker Albums. In March 2014, it re-entered the \"Billboard\" 200 at number 25 with sales of over 186,000 copies, following a promotion by the iTunes Store. By the end of 2013, \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" was included among the best-selling rock albums of the year. In the United Kingdom, \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" entered the national albums chart at number five and debuted at the top spot of the UK Rock Chart. During its first week, the songs \"Conquistador\" and \"City of Angels\" appeared in lower regions of the rock chart due to strong digital sales from the album."], "answer": {"text": "He explained that the album \"is more than an evolution, it's a brand new beginning.", "answer_start": 315}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 2012 with Thirty Seconds to Mars?", "answer": {"text": "Thirty Seconds to Mars took a break from touring in 2012 and spent most of the year recording their fourth album, entitled Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did this album do?", "answer": {"text": "Creatively, we've gone to an entirely new place, which is exciting, unexpected, and incredibly inspiring.\"", "answer_start": 399, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c144d2cbb2e24e91a0eb73812903e37c_0_q#3", "question": "What happened after the album release?", "rewrite": "What happened after \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Unlike \"This Is War\", where an entire audience-sized crowd took part in the recording, the summit that took place for the recording of \"Love, Lust Faith and Dreams\" was more stripped-down and organic, with only 20 to 25 people contributing vocals to the record. \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" is a concept album revolving around the themes after which the album is named. The album is divided into four segments, each named \"Love\", \"Lust\", \"Faith\" and \"Dreams\", respectively, with the beginning of each segment declared by a female voice proclaiming the name of the segment before the beginning of a song or at the end of an interlude which introduces the next segment of the album. A more specific album concept can be seen inside the CD. It is recognized by four colors, with the color red standing for \"Love\", yellow for \"Lust\", green for \"Faith\", and blue for \"Dreams\". \"LOVE\" contains \"Birth\" and \"Conquistador\". \" LUST\" contains \"Up in the Air\", \"City of Angels\", \"The Race\", \" End of All Days\" and \"Pyres of Varanasi\". \"FAITH\" contains \"Bright Lights\", \"Do or Die\" and \"Convergence\". \" DREAMS\" contains \"Northern Lights\", and \"Depuis Le D\u00e9but\". Stylistically, \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" has been described as experimental rock, electronic rock, and art rock. The artwork for \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" features Damien Hirst's 2011 gloss-on-canvas work, entitled \"Isonicotinic Acid Ethyl Ester\". The painting is part of Hirst's spot painting series.", "City of Angels (song) \"City of Angels\" is a song by American rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars, featured on their fourth studio album \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" (2013). Written by lead vocalist Jared Leto, who co-produced the song with Steve Lillywhite, \"City of Angels\" was inspired by Leto's experience of living in Los Angeles with his family and was influenced by the city's culture. Imbued with elements of synthrock as well as music from the 1980s, the track was cited as an example of the album's variety and experimentation. It was one of the first songs to be written for \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\", but required a long period of time to record. \"City of Angels\" was released as a promotional single in July 2013 in the United States, and was serviced to mainstream radio in Europe in October 2013. It received general acclaim from music critics, who commended the song's composition and production. Following the release of \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\", the track appeared in the lower regions of the UK Rock Chart. When released as a single, it re-entered the chart reaching number 21, peaked at number eight on the Alternative Songs in the US, and experienced moderate success in some international markets due to digital sales from the album. A piano version of the song was digitally released in July 2014. Jared Leto directed the music video for the song, which features several personalities joining the three members of Thirty Seconds to Mars in sharing their visions about Los Angeles. The video was favorably reviewed by critics, who complimented the simplicity and cohesion with the song's message. It received the Loudwire Music Award for Best Rock Video and was nominated for Best Cinematography at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards.", "The spacecraft berthed and docked with the International Space Station on March 3, 2013, making the single available to play by the Expedition 35 crew aboard the station. The song made its worldwide debut aboard the station on March 18, 2013 and was released as a Digital download single on iTunes the next day. The music video was released on April 19, 2013 worldwide on Vevo. \"City of Angels\" was sent to US Modern rock radio as a promotional single from \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" on July 23, 2013. A music video for \"City of Angels\", featuring Bartholomew Cubbins as director, was released onto YouTube on October 29, 2013. It was shot over two days on August 18 and 19, 2013, in Los Angeles, California. Despite not being released as an official single, \"Conquistador\" was used in a trailer promoting the upcoming video game \"WWE 2K14.\" \"Do or Die\" was released as a promotional single from \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" on September 9, 2013 in Europe. During the Summer European Tour, Jared confirmed the band was recording footage for a live video for the song. The music video was released on August 5, 2013 worldwide on Vevo. \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 62, based on 11 reviews. Emily Zemler from \"Billboard\" praised the stylistic variety and experimentation, writing that the album \"invests itself fully and artfully in its own vision\" infused with \"an even fuller sense of grandeur than heard on past releases\", and \"offers an opportunity to explore the boundaries of rock\".", "\"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" received a nomination in the category of Best International Rock/Alternative at the 2014 Echo Awards, but lost to \"Outlaw Gentlemen & Shady Ladies\" by Volbeat. It was the band's second consecutive nomination for the Echo Music Prize. \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" was nominated for Best Album at the 2014 World Music Awards, but lost to \"Coup d'Etat\" by G-Dragon. The album also earned the band the MTV Europe Music Award for Best Alternative in two consecutive years in 2013 and 2014. In the United States, \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" debuted at number six on the \"Billboard\" 200, selling 53,000 copies in its first week of release according to Nielsen SoundScan. It became the band's first album to reach the top ten of the chart and was also their second-largest sales week in the nation, behind their 2009 album \" This Is War\" which opened with 69,000 copies. The album entered both the \"Billboard\"'s Alternative Albums and Rock Albums charts at number three. It also debuted at number six on the magazine's Tastemaker Albums. In March 2014, it re-entered the \"Billboard\" 200 at number 25 with sales of over 186,000 copies, following a promotion by the iTunes Store. By the end of 2013, \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" was included among the best-selling rock albums of the year. In the United Kingdom, \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" entered the national albums chart at number five and debuted at the top spot of the UK Rock Chart. During its first week, the songs \"Conquistador\" and \"City of Angels\" appeared in lower regions of the rock chart due to strong digital sales from the album.", "In December 2013, \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for shipments of 60,000 units in the country. In Australia, the album entered the ARIA Charts at number four with first week sales of 4,814 copies. In Russia, it debuted at number five, earning a gold certification in its first week of sales. In Portugal, \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" debuted at number three behind Daft Punk's \"Random Access Memories\" and The National's \"Trouble Will Find Me\". After fluctuating down the chart, the album reached the top spot on the issue dated July 15, 2013 and was certified two-times platinum by the Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fonogr\u00e1fica Portuguesa (AFP), with sales of over 40,000 copies. In Germany, the album debuted at number three and has since been certified gold by the Bundesverband Musikindustrie (BVMI), denoting shipments of over 100,000 units throughout the country. \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" also reached the top ten in Austria, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, Canada, Finland, Norway, Spain, Czech Republic, Estonia, and Ireland. Credits adapted from \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" album liner notes. ! scope=\"row\"|United States"], "answer": {"text": "Artifact, a documentary about the band's legal battle against the record label EMI and the making of This Is War, premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival", "answer_start": 525}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 2012 with Thirty Seconds to Mars?", "answer": {"text": "Thirty Seconds to Mars took a break from touring in 2012 and spent most of the year recording their fourth album, entitled Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did this album do?", "answer": {"text": "Creatively, we've gone to an entirely new place, which is exciting, unexpected, and incredibly inspiring.\"", "answer_start": 399, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the album sound?", "answer": {"text": "He explained that the album \"is more than an evolution, it's a brand new beginning.", "answer_start": 315, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c144d2cbb2e24e91a0eb73812903e37c_0_q#4", "question": "Was the film well received?", "rewrite": "Was \"Artifact\" well received?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Third Artifact: In \"\" \"The Oculus\" is revealed as the artifact from the secret preserve in Brazil called Rio Branco. It is the artifact that bestows unlimited sight. In appearance is it a multi-faceted crystal sphere small enough to hold in your hand. Kendra personally experiences its power, and is shown incredible things. The effect was dizzying, and it ultimately overpowers the mind of the viewer leaving them in a vegetative state. Kendra is shown everything, which eventually includes the Fairy Queen, who helps her break the connection, saving her from insanity. Fourth Artifact: In \"\" \"The Translocator\" is revealed to be located on a remotely located preserve in Australia called Obsidian Waste. It is the artifact that gives power over space. The key to the vault was located in the well guarded Dragon Temple at Wyrmroost. The key was an 80-pound iron orb about the size of a pineapple. The artifact was hidden inside the key. It is described as a platinum cylinder with three sections. The center one can be twisted which will transport three persons to any location the one twisting has ever been simply by thinking of it. Fifth Artifact: In \"\" the final secret artifact, the \"Font of Immortality\", is located in Living Mirage the fifth and final secret preserve. It is in appearance, a unicorn horn with an enameled alabaster goblet at one end, and a sturdy base at the other end. The Sphinx obtained the artifact centuries before and has been using it to stay alive ever since. He explains that if you sip from the goblet once a week you will stop aging. If he missed a week, he would turn into dust. Only one wand was used in Fablehaven, and appears in \"\".", "The remaining three pages of the introduction serve to explain how the specific artifacts described within the book operate. It explains the common elements of how all artifacts function within a game, and details two common types of special curses an artifact might cause: \"artifact possession\", where an artifact's will can possess a character using the item, and \"artifact transformation\", where the artifact literally transforms a character physically and mentally over time into something else entirely. The format for the artifact descriptions found in the next section is also explained. Each artifact is given a detailed in-game history consisting of one or more paragraphs, and each one provides a section of advice on how the Dungeon Master may use the item within a campaign. Each artifact has its most significant powers detailed, each of which falls into one of five categories: constant (always in effect), invoked (activated intentionally by the character), random (determined by the Dungeon Master or by random roll), resonating (only functioning when two or more pieces of a matched set are joined), and curse (such as artifact possession, artifact transformation, or something else). Lastly, the introduction describes how each artifact has a suggested means of destruction, none of which should be easy for a character to accomplish. Fifty individual artifacts are described on pages 11\u2013106. Most descriptions take up one full page, but a few require more than one page, and all are illustrated. Many of these artifacts have existed since the game's early days, and were originally found in the 1976 supplement \"Eldritch Wizardry\": Axe of the Dwarvish Lords, Baba Yaga's Hut, Codex of the Infinite Planes, Crystal of the Ebon Flame, Hand and Eye of Vecna, Heward's Mystical Organ, Horn of Change, Invulnerable Coat of Arnd, Iron Flask of Tuerny", "But the Judgers were not people to play with, and knowing this, Kal vows that after saving the Judger's artifact from the hands of the notorious Volterites, he would be resigning from N.O.V.A, and this time, permanently. He and Sergeant Becker ride a 4x4 to the artifact location. As instructed to, Becker gets on the gun of the 4x4 and covers the entrance. Kal manages to reach the artifact, but right next to it stands Prometheus, who forbids him to get the artifact. Prometheus explains he is the hand of the Judgers, and he will be returning the artifact to them. Prometheus then tells Kal that unsurprisingly, Becker was overpowered and killed by the swarm of Volterites at the entrance. He then explains that Kal will have to retrieve two more artifacts for the Judgers in order to stop them from \"cleansing\" the world, killing both humans and Volterites in the process. Prometheus also tells him that he will have to get to the Fyna galaxy and battle for the second artifact. The second artifact is hidden in an ancient Volterite ship, Therrius. Kal is teleported there by Prometheus, and gets the artifact, with the help of new Volterite ally Maz'Rah. In the process, Kal reactivates the ship as well, which would help Maz'Rah's Volterite rebels in their war against the Volterites who are hostile to humans, called the Dominion. Then, Kal heads to desert planet Boreas, where he works with his old friend Rufus to retrieve the third artifact.", "Next the identity provider sends a codice_19 request (such as the ArtifactResolveRequest shown earlier) directly to the service provider via a back channel. Finally, the service provider returns a codice_37 element containing the referenced codice_17 message: Of course the flow can go in the other direction as well, that is, the identity provider may issue an artifact, and in fact this is more common. See, for example, the \"double artifact\" profile example later in this topic. In general, a SAML 2.0 \"artifact\" is defined as follows (SAMLBind): Thus a SAML 2.0 artifact consists of three components: a two-byte codice_39, a two-byte codice_40, and an arbitrary sequence of bytes called the codice_41. These three pieces of information are concatenated and base64-encoded to yield the complete artifact. The codice_39 uniquely identifies the artifact format. SAML 2.0 predefines just one such artifact, of type 0x0004. The codice_40 is a reference to a particular artifact resolution endpoint managed by the artifact issuer (which may be either the IdP or the SP, as mentioned earlier). The codice_41, which is determined by the type definition, is the \"meat\" of the artifact. The format of a \"type 0x0004 artifact\" is further defined as follows: Thus a type 0x0004 artifact is of size 44 bytes (unencoded). The codice_45 is an arbitrary sequence of bytes, although in practice, the codice_45 is the SHA-1 hash of the issuer's entityID.", "Recent engineering and development efforts have adopted the artifact approach for design and analysis of business models. An important distinction between artifact-centric models and traditional data flow (computational) models is that the notion of the life cycle of the data objects is prominent in the former, while not existing in the latter. Artifact-centric modeling is an area of growing interest. Nigam and Caswell introduced the concept of business artifacts and information-centric processing of artifact lifecycles. Kumaran et al.'s further studies on artifact-centric business processes can be found here. Bhattacharya described a successful business engagement which applies business artifact techniques to industrialize discovery processes in pharmaceutical research. Liu et al. formulated nine commonly used patterns in information-centric business operation models and developed a computational model based on Petri Nets. Bhattacharya, K., et al. provides a formal model for artifact-centric business processes with complexity results concerning static analysis of the semantics of such processes. Kumaran et al. presented the formalized information-centric approach to discovering business entities from activity-centric process models and transforming such models into artifact-centric business process models. An algorithm was provided to achieve this transformation automatically. Other approaches related to artifact-centric modelling can be found in. Van der Aalst et al. provides a case-handling approach where a process is driven by the presence of data objects instead of control flows. A case is similar to the business entity concept in many respects. Wang and Kumar proposed the document-driven workflow systems which is designed based on data dependencies without the need for explicit control flows. Muller et al. also introduced the framework for the data-driven modelling of large process structures, namely COREPRO. The approach reduces modelling efforts significantly and provides mechanisms for maintaining data-driven process structures."], "answer": {"text": "and won the People's Choice Documentary Award.", "answer_start": 692}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 2012 with Thirty Seconds to Mars?", "answer": {"text": "Thirty Seconds to Mars took a break from touring in 2012 and spent most of the year recording their fourth album, entitled Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did this album do?", "answer": {"text": "Creatively, we've gone to an entirely new place, which is exciting, unexpected, and incredibly inspiring.\"", "answer_start": 399, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the album sound?", "answer": {"text": "He explained that the album \"is more than an evolution, it's a brand new beginning.", "answer_start": 315, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after the album release?", "answer": {"text": "Artifact, a documentary about the band's legal battle against the record label EMI and the making of This Is War, premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival", "answer_start": 525, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c144d2cbb2e24e91a0eb73812903e37c_0_q#6", "question": "Did they go on tour?", "rewrite": "Did Thirty Seconds to Mars go on tour?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Thirty Seconds to Mars has received one nomination. ! scope=\"row\"|2010 The Camerimage is an annual festival held in Poland dedicated to the celebration of cinematography. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received two nominations. ! scope=\"row\" rowspan=\"2\"|2013 The Clar\u00edn Award is an annual awards ceremony presented by the Argentine newspaper \"Clar\u00edn\". Thirty Seconds to Mars has received three awards. ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"3\"|2007 The CMA Award was an annual awards ceremony to honor the year's biggest achievements in music, movies, sports and television in Germany. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received two awards from four nominations. ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"4\"|2010 The Drummies Awards is presented annually by the American magazine \"Drum!\". Shannon Leto has received one award from three nominations. ! scope=\"row\"|2009 ! scope=\"row\"|2011 ! scope=\"row\"|2012 The Echo Music Prize is awarded annually by the Deutsche Phono-Akademie (an association of recording companies in Germany) for outstanding achievements in the music industry. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received two nominations. ! scope=\"row\"|2011 ! scope=\"row\"|2014 The Fangoria Chainsaw Award is presented annually by the American magazine \"Fangoria\". Thirty Seconds to Mars has received two awards. ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"2\"|2007 The Fuse Award is presented periodically by the American music channel Fuse. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received one award from two nominations. ! scope=\"row\"|2007 ! scope=\"row\"|2010 The Gotham Awards is an annual awards ceremony presented to the makers of independent films. Thirty Seconds to Mars has been awarded once. ! scope=\"row\"|2012", "Thirty Seconds to Mars has received two awards from five nominations. ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"5\"|2007 The Rock on Request Award was presented annually by the American online magazine \"Rock on Request\". Thirty Seconds to Mars has received nineteen awards. ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"7\"|2007 ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"6\"|2008 ! scope=\"row\" rowspan=\"6\"|2009 The Rockol Award is presented annually by the Italian online magazine \"Rockol\". Thirty Seconds to Mars has received two awards. ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"2\"|2018 The Teen Choice Award is an annual awards ceremony to honor the year's biggest achievements in music, movies, sports and television, being voted by young people aged between 13 and 19. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received one nomination. ! scope=\"row\"|2011 The TMF Awards was an annual awards ceremony presented by The Music Factory. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received four nominations. ! scope=\"row\" rowspan=\"2\"|2007 ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"2\"|2008 The TMJ Award was presented annually by the American radio TMJ. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received one award from six nominations. ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"6\"|2010 The Toronto International Film Festival is an eleven-day film festival held in Toronto, Ontario. Thirty Seconds to Mars has been awarded once. ! scope=\"row\"|2012 The TPi Awards is presented annually by the British magazine \"TPi\" to honor the top international live entertainment industry artists and professionals. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received one nomination. ! scope=\"row\"|2015", "Welcome to the Universe Tour The Welcome to the Universe Tour was a concert tour by American rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars, in support of their second studio album \"A Beautiful Lie\" (2005). Presenting a series of inexpensive concerts for music fans, the concert tour was announced in August 2006 as a part of the MTV2 $2Bill tour. The Welcome to the Universe Tour began on October 17, 2006 in Minneapolis, Minnesota and ended on November 25, 2006 in Los Angeles, California. The setlist encompassed songs from their first two studio albums, \"30 Seconds to Mars\" and \"A Beautiful Lie\". Labelled as a green tour, Thirty Seconds to Mars developed strategies that minimized fuel consumption of all touring vehicles. Head Automatica and Cobra Starship served as the opening acts, with other bands joining for select dates. The Welcome to the Universe Tour received positive reviews from critics, who praised Thirty Seconds to Mars' energy onstage and the production of the show. The concert tour was recorded and broadcast on MTV2. The tour was officially announced on August 31, 2006 by MTV2 as a part of the $2Bill tour, which previously attracted a diverse mix of music artists, including Beastie Boys, Radiohead, Coldplay, and Kanye West. Set for October 2006, the tour showcased Thirty Seconds to Mars' second studio album \"A Beautiful Lie\". It commenced on October 17, 2006 in Minneapolis, Minnesota and ended on November 25, 2006 in Los Angeles, California. The tour was announced shortly after the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards at which Thirty Seconds to Mars received the MTV2 Award for their single \"The Kill\". A limited number of tickets per city were made available for $2 each in a special internet pre-sale sponsored by MTV2 and Thirty Seconds to Mars beginning on September 16. Sales for general tickets began the following week on September 23.", "In an interview with \"Billboard\", Bennington explained that a co-headlining tour with Thirty Seconds to Mars had been a long time coming; Linkin Park, indeed, had polled their fans a number of times in order to identify which artist they would like to join them on tour and Thirty Seconds to Mars was the most sought-after band multiple times. Thirty Seconds to Mars first worked with Linkin Park in 2007, opening some European shows for the band. Set for August 2014, the Carnivores Tour showcased Linkin Park's sixth studio album \"The Hunting Party\" (2014) and Thirty Seconds to Mars' fourth studio album \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" (2013). Speaking on the tour name, Shinoda said, \"'Carnivores' is a metaphor that is meant to convey an appetite for something visceral and substantive. I feel that's exactly the hunger this tour will feed.\" Leto added, \"We are so excited to join our friends on this epic journey. It's going to be the adventure of a lifetime.\" American rock band AFI was confirmed as the supporting act for the tour, promoting their ninth album \"Burials\" (2013). The Carnivores Tour was sponsored in-part by Infinity and promoted by Live Nation. Sales for general tickets began on March 7, 2014, with Hollywood Bowl and Verizon Wireless Amphitheater on sale March 10. Linkin Park and Thirty Seconds to Mars offered pre-sale tickets for their respective fan club members. Linkin Park's set list mixed \"The Hunting Party\" with the rest of the band's catalog. The set by Thirty Seconds to Mars encompassed songs from \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\", as well as tracks from their previous albums. Supporting act AFI did not perform on September 15 in Los Angeles.", "The \"Guinness World Records\" is a reference book published annually, containing a collection of world records, both human achievements and the extremes of the natural world. Thirty Seconds to Mars currently holds one world record. ! scope=\"row\"|2011 The iHeartRadio Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony presented by iHeartRadio. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received two nominations. ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"2\"|2018 ! scope=\"row\"|2019 The Kerrang! Award is presented annually by the British magazine \"Kerrang!\". Thirty Seconds to Mars has received six awards from eighteen nominations. ! scope=\"row\" rowspan=\"2\"|2007 ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"4\"|2008 ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"4\"|2010 ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"4\"|2011 ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"2\"|2012 ! scope=\"row\"|2013 ! scope=\"row\"|2014 The Live Lounge of the Year was a competition presented by BBC Radio 1 to honor the best live performances on Live Lounge. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received two nominations. ! scope=\"row \" rowspan=\"2\"|2011 The Loudwire Music Award is presented annually by the American online magazine \"Loudwire\". Thirty Seconds to Mars has been awarded once. ! scope=\"row\"|2014 The MK Awards was an annual awards ceremony presented by the South African music channel MK. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received one nomination. ! scope=\"row\"|2011 The Los Premios MTV Latinoam\u00e9rica was the Latin American version of the MTV Video Music Awards. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received one award from three nominations. ! scope=\"row\"|2007 ! scope=\"row"], "answer": {"text": "The band began their Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams Tour in June, which included festival dates at Rock Werchter, Pinkpop, Rock in Rio, and Rock am Ring.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 2012 with Thirty Seconds to Mars?", "answer": {"text": "Thirty Seconds to Mars took a break from touring in 2012 and spent most of the year recording their fourth album, entitled Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did this album do?", "answer": {"text": "Creatively, we've gone to an entirely new place, which is exciting, unexpected, and incredibly inspiring.\"", "answer_start": 399, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the album sound?", "answer": {"text": "He explained that the album \"is more than an evolution, it's a brand new beginning.", "answer_start": 315, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after the album release?", "answer": {"text": "Artifact, a documentary about the band's legal battle against the record label EMI and the making of This Is War, premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival", "answer_start": 525, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the film well received?", "answer": {"text": "and won the People's Choice Documentary Award.", "answer_start": 692, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it receive any other awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c144d2cbb2e24e91a0eb73812903e37c_0_q#7", "question": "How did the tour go?", "rewrite": "How did the Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams Tour go?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams Tour The Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams Tour was the third worldwide concert tour by American rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars in support of the band's fourth studio album \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\". The tour started on June 5, 2013 in Europe (Impact Festival, Warsaw, Poland), playing in open-air spaces and festivals such as Rock am Ring, Rock Werchter, Download Festival, Nova Rock Festival, and Pinkpop Festival. In mid-August 2013, the tour should have reached Australia, but due to a medical procedure the dates were rescheduled to March 2014. Also in August they played in Tokyo. In September the band performed at Rock in Rio and the iTunes Festival. In the middle of September they will continue touring in North America. By the end of October the band will return to Europe to play in arenas. The venue in Melbourne, Australia is shifted to Hisense Arena to please Rolling Stones. Thirty Seconds to Mars will embark on a double-headline tour, dubbed the Carnivores Tour, with American rock band Linkin Park, which will span 25 dates in August and September 2014 in North America.", "A Head Full of Dreams Tour A Head Full of Dreams Tour was the seventh concert tour undertaken by British alternative rock band Coldplay, launched in support of their namesake seventh studio album \"A Head Full of Dreams\". Marking the band's return to large-scale venues, after the brief and intimate Ghost Stories Tour, the tour visited stadiums and arenas across five continents. A Head Full of Dreams Tour boasted extensive laser light and pyrotechnic visuals similar to the Mylo Xyloto Tour, and also saw a reappearance of the Xylobands as a central part of the show's visual design. The tour consisted of eight legs, with a total of 122 shows across: Latin America, where they performed for the first time since the Viva la Vida Tour, Europe, North America, where they embarked on their very first stadium tour of the United States, Oceania, and Asia. The first show of the tour was held at the Estadio Ciudad de La Plata in La Plata, Argentina, on 31 March 2016 and concluded at the same venue on 15 November 2017. Grossing $523,033,675, the tour is currently the fifth highest-grossing concert tour in history. A live album, \"Live in Buenos Aires\", covering the tour, which was recorded during the last show in La Plata, as well as a concert film, Live in S\u00e3o Paulo, filmed around the world was released in November 2018. In November 2015, Coldplay announced the Latin American and European legs of the \"A Head Full of Dreams Tour\" through their official website, with 28 stadium shows confirmed across 14 countries in Europe and Latin America the next year. On 7 December 2015, a fourth and final date at Wembley Stadium, on Wed, 15 June 2016 was announced by the band.", "Unlike \"This Is War\", where an entire audience-sized crowd took part in the recording, the summit that took place for the recording of \"Love, Lust Faith and Dreams\" was more stripped-down and organic, with only 20 to 25 people contributing vocals to the record. \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" is a concept album revolving around the themes after which the album is named. The album is divided into four segments, each named \"Love\", \"Lust\", \"Faith\" and \"Dreams\", respectively, with the beginning of each segment declared by a female voice proclaiming the name of the segment before the beginning of a song or at the end of an interlude which introduces the next segment of the album. A more specific album concept can be seen inside the CD. It is recognized by four colors, with the color red standing for \"Love\", yellow for \"Lust\", green for \"Faith\", and blue for \"Dreams\". \"LOVE\" contains \"Birth\" and \"Conquistador\". \" LUST\" contains \"Up in the Air\", \"City of Angels\", \"The Race\", \" End of All Days\" and \"Pyres of Varanasi\". \"FAITH\" contains \"Bright Lights\", \"Do or Die\" and \"Convergence\". \" DREAMS\" contains \"Northern Lights\", and \"Depuis Le D\u00e9but\". Stylistically, \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" has been described as experimental rock, electronic rock, and art rock. The artwork for \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" features Damien Hirst's 2011 gloss-on-canvas work, entitled \"Isonicotinic Acid Ethyl Ester\". The painting is part of Hirst's spot painting series.", "Conquistador (Thirty Seconds to Mars song) \"Conquistador\" is a song by American rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars, featured on their fourth studio album \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" (2013). Written by lead vocalist Jared Leto, who also produced the song with Steve Lillywhite, \"Conquistador\" features combative lyrics and call-and-response verses. Described as the \"wild child\" of the album, it is an alternative rock song with influences and elements from electronica. Thirty Seconds to Mars premiered the song on Vevo on May 2, 2013, two weeks before the album's release. \"Conquistador\" received mostly positive reviews from music critics, who praised the composition and its raw energy. The song appeared on the UK Rock Chart upon the album's release at number 24 for a single week, being one of two songs from \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" to appear on the chart, the other being \"City of Angels\". Thirty Seconds to Mars included the song in the setlist of their Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams Tour and the subsequent Carnivores Tour. \"Conquistador\" was written by lead vocalist Jared Leto, who also produced the song with Steve Lillywhite. The latter had previously worked with Thirty Seconds to Mars on the production of the band's third studio album, \"This Is War\" (2009). The song was engineered by Jamie Reed Schefman and mixed by Lillywhite. Clay Blair engineered it for mixing at Boulevard Recording in Los Angeles, California. It was recorded at The International Centre for the Advancement of the Arts and Sciences of Sound and mastered by Howie Weinberg and Dan Gerbarg at Howie Weinberg Mastering in Los Angeles.", "It later became a signature part of the following Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams Tour. The song, along with \"Birth\", usually served as a set opener during the entirety of the tour, much like their appearances on \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" as opening tracks. However, it was later moved to the middle of the setlist. Fans and critics responded favorably to the song in a live setting. Ashley Zimmerman from the \"New Times Broward-Palm Beach\" felt that \"everyone got even more amped\" as the band performed songs like \"Conquistador\", while Ed Masley of \"The Arizona Republic\" deemed it a highlight of the show. Thirty Seconds to Mars performed \"Conquistador\" at multiple major festivals, including Rock Werchter, Pinkpop, Download, Rock am Ring and Rock im Park, which saw the band playing as headline act. The song was also included in the Carnivores Tour, a tour on which Thirty Seconds to Mars co-headlined with Linkin Park, and usually appeared approximately halfway through the set. Credits adapted from \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" album liner notes."], "answer": {"text": "In August 2014, the group embarked on a double-headline tour, dubbed the Carnivores Tour, with American rock band Linkin Park,", "answer_start": 765}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 2012 with Thirty Seconds to Mars?", "answer": {"text": "Thirty Seconds to Mars took a break from touring in 2012 and spent most of the year recording their fourth album, entitled Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did this album do?", "answer": {"text": "Creatively, we've gone to an entirely new place, which is exciting, unexpected, and incredibly inspiring.\"", "answer_start": 399, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the album sound?", "answer": {"text": "He explained that the album \"is more than an evolution, it's a brand new beginning.", "answer_start": 315, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after the album release?", "answer": {"text": "Artifact, a documentary about the band's legal battle against the record label EMI and the making of This Is War, premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival", "answer_start": 525, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the film well received?", "answer": {"text": "and won the People's Choice Documentary Award.", "answer_start": 692, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it receive any other awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they go on tour?", "answer": {"text": "The band began their Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams Tour in June, which included festival dates at Rock Werchter, Pinkpop, Rock in Rio, and Rock am Ring.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_2b9f7c04dd09473080fc3abe032fbe6b_1_q#0", "question": "When was Krusty created?", "rewrite": "When was Krusty created?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["All About Lisa \"All About Lisa\" is the twentieth episode and season finale of \"The Simpsons\"' nineteenth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 18, 2008. Lisa Simpson becomes Krusty the Clown's newest assistant and steals his spotlight. She wins Entertainer of the Year at the Springfield Media awards, but is warned that with her sudden fame comes a new attitude towards others and herself. Meanwhile, Homer and Bart bond over their newfound love of coin collecting. The episode features narration by Sideshow Mel. It was written by John Frink and directed by Steven Dean Moore. Drew Carey guest voices himself, appearing as a guest on Krusty's show. The episode begins at the 38th Annual Springfield Media Awards, and is narrated by Sideshow Mel. Inside the hall, the Entertainer of the Year Award goes to Lisa Simpson. Mel then explains how Lisa became an entertainer. At Krusty the Clown's 4,000th episode, Krusty decides to hire brand-new \"Krustkateers\", children who used to star alongside Krusty in his early episodes. Bart has the best performance of all the children auditioning, but Krusty chooses Nelson Muntz instead. Lisa decides to defend Bart and demands Krusty hire him. However, Krusty decides to hire Lisa as his intern instead. As Krusty's intern, Lisa is frequently bullied by Krusty. Noticing how Krusty degrades Lisa, Mel tells her that Krusty is very conceited, so in order to bear Krusty's rudeness, Lisa must compliment him. Lisa takes Sideshow Mel's advice, and a conceited Krusty finally praises Lisa's assistance.", "Bob is released from prison and applies for a job at Springfield Elementary as an assistant janitor. However, Principal Skinner decides to make him the morning announcer. Over the announcements, he asks Bart to meet him in the abandoned tool shed. Sideshow Bob then hypnotizes Bart, and starts to program him to kill Krusty on sight. Bob tests his hypnoses by having Bart smash a statue of Krusty at a local Krusty Burger location. The next night is Krusty's farewell special, and as Krusty describes the history of his career, Bob straps Bart with explosives in order to kill Krusty. Bart attempts to hug Krusty, thereby setting off the explosives, but before he can, Krusty talks to the audience about how he regrets mistreating Sideshow Bob, holding himself responsible of turning Bob into a ruthless criminal. Krusty even goes far by singing a song on behalf of Bob, stating how very remorseful he is of mistreating him. Upon witnessing this, Bob is touched and develops a change of heart, but does not have enough time to stop his original plan from being carried out. Luckily, Krusty's trained chimp Mr. Teeny sees the life-threatening explosives, which he throws into the network executives' office, killing all the executives, though they would later reanimate themselves like the T-1000 from \"\". Bart comes out of his hypnotic state and he and his family serve dinner with Krusty, Bob and Sideshow Mel in a restaurant. Although Krusty and Bob reconcile, the police decide to execute Bob by guillotine for his attempted murder plot, although he wonders to Chief Wiggum that he should have a trial for it at least. The first draft of \"Day of the Jackanapes\" was written by current showrunner Al Jean.", "Krusty Gets Busted \"Krusty Gets Busted\" is the twelfth and penultimate episode of \"The Simpsons\"' first season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 29, 1990. The episode was written by Jay Kogen and Wallace Wolodarsky, and directed by Brad Bird. In the episode, Krusty the Clown is convicted of armed robbery of the Kwik-E-Mart. Convinced that Krusty has been framed, Bart and Lisa investigate the incident and discover that Krusty's sidekick, Sideshow Bob, was the culprit. This episode marks the first full-fledged appearance of Kent Brockman, and Kelsey Grammer makes his first guest appearance on the show as the voice of Sideshow Bob. Homer stops by the Kwik-E-Mart on the way home from work and witnesses a masked clown resembling Krusty committing a robbery. He identifies the clown as Krusty to the police, and Krusty is arrested, upsetting Bart, who idolizes him. At the trial, Homer points out Krusty as the robber and he is convicted and sentenced to jail. The community then burns much of Krusty's merchandise. Krusty's sidekick Sideshow Bob becomes the new host of his show, retooling it to focus on education and classic literature. Still refusing to accept that his hero could have committed the crime, Bart enlists the help of a reluctant Lisa to prove Krusty's innocence. At the crime scene, the pair deduce Krusty could not have been the robber, who used a microwave unsuitable for those with a pacemaker and read at the magazine rack (Krusty was revealed to be illiterate during the trial).", "Although Krusty agrees to have dinner with the Simpson family as part of his repayment for Bart's help in exonerating him in the episode \"Krusty Gets Busted\", Krusty keeps canceling, much to Bart's disappointment. An upset Bart writes a letter to Krusty saying he is no longer his fan. Krusty's secretary is so moved by the letter that she angrily threatens to quit if Krusty does not keep his promise to Bart, finally persuading him to do so. Upon learning that Krusty is coming to the Simpson house for dinner, Milhouse comes along, which Bart reluctantly allows. When asked to say grace, Krusty recites a Hebrew blessing. Realizing that Krusty is Jewish, Lisa speaks of his heritage, making Krusty break down in tears. After some convincing from the family as to why he's so depressed about it, Krusty tells the family his real name, Herschel Krustofski, and describes his upbringing in the Lower East Side of Springfield. His father, Hyman Krustofski, was a rabbi and strongly opposed young Herschel's wish to become a comedian ; he wanted the boy to go to \"yeshiva\" instead. Krusty did attend the school, where he said he made the other students laugh by doing funny impressions of his father. As a result, Krusty became a slapstick comedian behind his father's back. One night, Krusty performed at a rabbi's convention and a rabbi squirted seltzer on him, washing off his clown makeup. Rabbi Krustofski, who was in the audience, recognized him, was furious and disowned his son, and now it has been 25 years since they have seen or spoken to each other.", "The third season episode \"Like Father, Like Clown\" is the first to establish that Krusty is Jewish. Krusty's religion had not been part of the original concept, and the idea came from Jay Kogen. The episode is a parody of The Jazz Singer, which is about a son with a strict religious upbringing who defies his father to become an entertainer. In order to make \"Like Father, Like Clown\" a full parody of The Jazz Singer, the decision was made to make Krusty Jewish and have his father be a Rabbi. Krusty's real last name, Krustofsky, was pitched by Al Jean. Krusty's father, Rabbi Hyman Krustofsky was played by Jackie Mason, who won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance for the episode. It was established in \"Krusty Gets Busted\" that Krusty is illiterate. This was shown in subsequent episodes like \"Itchy & Scratchy & Marge\" but the trait was dropped after the first few seasons because it was hard for the writers to write for an illiterate character. Krusty's design has undergone several subtle changes since the early years. For the episode \"Homie the Clown\", Krusty's design was permanently enhanced and he was given a different shaped mouth muzzle and permanent bags under his eyes in order to distinguish him from Homer. In the episode \"Lisa's Wedding\", which is set fifteen years in the future, Krusty's design was significantly altered to make him look considerably older and was based on Groucho Marx. Krusty is a favorite character of several of the original writers, many of whom related themselves to him and wanted to write the Krusty-focused episodes."], "answer": {"text": "Krusty first appeared in \"The Krusty the Clown Show\", one of The Simpsons shorts from The Tracey Ullman Show that first aired on January 15, 1989.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_2b9f7c04dd09473080fc3abe032fbe6b_1_q#2", "question": "Who voiced Krusty?", "rewrite": "Who voiced Krusty?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Krusty Gets Busted \"Krusty Gets Busted\" is the twelfth and penultimate episode of \"The Simpsons\"' first season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 29, 1990. The episode was written by Jay Kogen and Wallace Wolodarsky, and directed by Brad Bird. In the episode, Krusty the Clown is convicted of armed robbery of the Kwik-E-Mart. Convinced that Krusty has been framed, Bart and Lisa investigate the incident and discover that Krusty's sidekick, Sideshow Bob, was the culprit. This episode marks the first full-fledged appearance of Kent Brockman, and Kelsey Grammer makes his first guest appearance on the show as the voice of Sideshow Bob. Homer stops by the Kwik-E-Mart on the way home from work and witnesses a masked clown resembling Krusty committing a robbery. He identifies the clown as Krusty to the police, and Krusty is arrested, upsetting Bart, who idolizes him. At the trial, Homer points out Krusty as the robber and he is convicted and sentenced to jail. The community then burns much of Krusty's merchandise. Krusty's sidekick Sideshow Bob becomes the new host of his show, retooling it to focus on education and classic literature. Still refusing to accept that his hero could have committed the crime, Bart enlists the help of a reluctant Lisa to prove Krusty's innocence. At the crime scene, the pair deduce Krusty could not have been the robber, who used a microwave unsuitable for those with a pacemaker and read at the magazine rack (Krusty was revealed to be illiterate during the trial).", "Bob is released from prison and applies for a job at Springfield Elementary as an assistant janitor. However, Principal Skinner decides to make him the morning announcer. Over the announcements, he asks Bart to meet him in the abandoned tool shed. Sideshow Bob then hypnotizes Bart, and starts to program him to kill Krusty on sight. Bob tests his hypnoses by having Bart smash a statue of Krusty at a local Krusty Burger location. The next night is Krusty's farewell special, and as Krusty describes the history of his career, Bob straps Bart with explosives in order to kill Krusty. Bart attempts to hug Krusty, thereby setting off the explosives, but before he can, Krusty talks to the audience about how he regrets mistreating Sideshow Bob, holding himself responsible of turning Bob into a ruthless criminal. Krusty even goes far by singing a song on behalf of Bob, stating how very remorseful he is of mistreating him. Upon witnessing this, Bob is touched and develops a change of heart, but does not have enough time to stop his original plan from being carried out. Luckily, Krusty's trained chimp Mr. Teeny sees the life-threatening explosives, which he throws into the network executives' office, killing all the executives, though they would later reanimate themselves like the T-1000 from \"\". Bart comes out of his hypnotic state and he and his family serve dinner with Krusty, Bob and Sideshow Mel in a restaurant. Although Krusty and Bob reconcile, the police decide to execute Bob by guillotine for his attempted murder plot, although he wonders to Chief Wiggum that he should have a trial for it at least. The first draft of \"Day of the Jackanapes\" was written by current showrunner Al Jean.", "Although Krusty agrees to have dinner with the Simpson family as part of his repayment for Bart's help in exonerating him in the episode \"Krusty Gets Busted\", Krusty keeps canceling, much to Bart's disappointment. An upset Bart writes a letter to Krusty saying he is no longer his fan. Krusty's secretary is so moved by the letter that she angrily threatens to quit if Krusty does not keep his promise to Bart, finally persuading him to do so. Upon learning that Krusty is coming to the Simpson house for dinner, Milhouse comes along, which Bart reluctantly allows. When asked to say grace, Krusty recites a Hebrew blessing. Realizing that Krusty is Jewish, Lisa speaks of his heritage, making Krusty break down in tears. After some convincing from the family as to why he's so depressed about it, Krusty tells the family his real name, Herschel Krustofski, and describes his upbringing in the Lower East Side of Springfield. His father, Hyman Krustofski, was a rabbi and strongly opposed young Herschel's wish to become a comedian ; he wanted the boy to go to \"yeshiva\" instead. Krusty did attend the school, where he said he made the other students laugh by doing funny impressions of his father. As a result, Krusty became a slapstick comedian behind his father's back. One night, Krusty performed at a rabbi's convention and a rabbi squirted seltzer on him, washing off his clown makeup. Rabbi Krustofski, who was in the audience, recognized him, was furious and disowned his son, and now it has been 25 years since they have seen or spoken to each other.", "While waiting in line for an autograph from Krusty, Bart strikes up a conversation with a girl named Sophie. When she gets to the front of the line, she reveals to Krusty that she is his daughter. Sophie tells Krusty that he met her mother when she served as a soldier in the Gulf War, spending the night with her after a USO show; however, she dumped Krusty the next day after he ruined her attempted assassination of Saddam Hussein. Krusty proves a distant and unemotional father, and on a trip to the beach, he sees Homer playing with the kids and asks him for advice on how to be a good parent. Krusty and his daughter begin to bond, and Sophie shows Krusty her prized violin and plays a song for him. That night, Krusty plays in a poker game with Fat Tony, where he is dealt four aces with a king kicker, but is forced to bet Sophie's violin after running out of money and betting his Rolex watch, and loses the hand to Fat Tony, who had a straight flush (2-3-4-5-6 of diamonds). Sophie loses her trust in Krusty upon hearing the news, and Krusty turns to Homer for help; the two attempt to break into Fat Tony's mansion while a mafia summit is being held. They find a room filled with violin cases, but most of them are filled with weapons. They attempt to sneak out with the cases, but they fall to the ground and a mob shootout erupts around them; Krusty finds the violin, and the two escape. The next day, Krusty gives the violin back to Sophie, who is delighted to find that the case has been lined with money.", "All About Lisa \"All About Lisa\" is the twentieth episode and season finale of \"The Simpsons\"' nineteenth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 18, 2008. Lisa Simpson becomes Krusty the Clown's newest assistant and steals his spotlight. She wins Entertainer of the Year at the Springfield Media awards, but is warned that with her sudden fame comes a new attitude towards others and herself. Meanwhile, Homer and Bart bond over their newfound love of coin collecting. The episode features narration by Sideshow Mel. It was written by John Frink and directed by Steven Dean Moore. Drew Carey guest voices himself, appearing as a guest on Krusty's show. The episode begins at the 38th Annual Springfield Media Awards, and is narrated by Sideshow Mel. Inside the hall, the Entertainer of the Year Award goes to Lisa Simpson. Mel then explains how Lisa became an entertainer. At Krusty the Clown's 4,000th episode, Krusty decides to hire brand-new \"Krustkateers\", children who used to star alongside Krusty in his early episodes. Bart has the best performance of all the children auditioning, but Krusty chooses Nelson Muntz instead. Lisa decides to defend Bart and demands Krusty hire him. However, Krusty decides to hire Lisa as his intern instead. As Krusty's intern, Lisa is frequently bullied by Krusty. Noticing how Krusty degrades Lisa, Mel tells her that Krusty is very conceited, so in order to bear Krusty's rudeness, Lisa must compliment him. Lisa takes Sideshow Mel's advice, and a conceited Krusty finally praises Lisa's assistance."], "answer": {"text": "Dan Castellaneta based his voice characterization on Chicago television's Bob Bell who had a very raspy voice and portrayed WGN-TV's Bozo the Clown from 1960 to 1984.", "answer_start": 463}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Krusty created?", "answer": {"text": "Krusty first appeared in \"The Krusty the Clown Show\", one of The Simpsons shorts from The Tracey Ullman Show that first aired on January 15, 1989.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Krusty do in the episode?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2b9f7c04dd09473080fc3abe032fbe6b_1_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Krusty's voice characterization being based on Bob Bell, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bob is released from prison and applies for a job at Springfield Elementary as an assistant janitor. However, Principal Skinner decides to make him the morning announcer. Over the announcements, he asks Bart to meet him in the abandoned tool shed. Sideshow Bob then hypnotizes Bart, and starts to program him to kill Krusty on sight. Bob tests his hypnoses by having Bart smash a statue of Krusty at a local Krusty Burger location. The next night is Krusty's farewell special, and as Krusty describes the history of his career, Bob straps Bart with explosives in order to kill Krusty. Bart attempts to hug Krusty, thereby setting off the explosives, but before he can, Krusty talks to the audience about how he regrets mistreating Sideshow Bob, holding himself responsible of turning Bob into a ruthless criminal. Krusty even goes far by singing a song on behalf of Bob, stating how very remorseful he is of mistreating him. Upon witnessing this, Bob is touched and develops a change of heart, but does not have enough time to stop his original plan from being carried out. Luckily, Krusty's trained chimp Mr. Teeny sees the life-threatening explosives, which he throws into the network executives' office, killing all the executives, though they would later reanimate themselves like the T-1000 from \"\". Bart comes out of his hypnotic state and he and his family serve dinner with Krusty, Bob and Sideshow Mel in a restaurant. Although Krusty and Bob reconcile, the police decide to execute Bob by guillotine for his attempted murder plot, although he wonders to Chief Wiggum that he should have a trial for it at least. The first draft of \"Day of the Jackanapes\" was written by current showrunner Al Jean.", "Larry Harmon, who owned the rights to the Bozo the Clown character, refused to congratulate Bell on the honor and also prohibited him from receiving it in costume, as was customary at inductions. He spent his last years in Lake San Marcos, California, where he was active in the Kiwanis club. Upon his death, he was cremated, and his ashes were scattered at sea. A memorial was held for him at the First Presbyterian Church of Deerfield, where he lived during his many years in Chicago. Bell received many posthumous honors: both the City of Chicago and the State of Illinois proclaimed April 18, 1998 \"Bob Bell Day\" as the section of Addison Street near the WGN-TV studios was named \"Bob Bell Way\". In 2005, the Museum of Broadcast Communications awarded WGN-TV's Studio 1 a plaque to commemorate the forty years of children's television broadcast from the studio. \" Ray Rayner and Friends\" with a likeness of Rayner and Chelveston, is on the plaque along with Frazier Thomas and \"Garfield Goose and Friends\" and Bob Bell as Bozo the Clown for \"Bozo's Circus\". In 2008, he was inducted into the Chicago chapter of the National Academy for Television Arts and Sciences' Silver Circle. One of Bell's Bozo costumes is part of the \"Bozo's Circus\" collection of the Museum of Broadcast Communications. Bell's grandson, Trevor Bell, became a member of the Major League Baseball team Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim in 2005. Actor Dan Castellaneta has cited Bell as the influence for the voice of \"The Simpsons\" character Krusty the Clown.", "Krusty first appeared in \"The Krusty the Clown Show\", one of The Simpsons shorts from The Tracey Ullman Show that first aired on January 15, 1989. The character was partially inspired by TV clown \"Rusty Nails\" whom The Simpsons creator Matt Groening and director Brad Bird watched as children while growing up in Portland, Oregon. Groening describes Rusty Nails as being a sweet clown whose show sometimes had a Christian message, but whose name scared Groening. Dan Castellaneta based his voice characterization on Chicago television's Bob Bell who had a very raspy voice and portrayed WGN-TV's Bozo the Clown from 1960 to 1984. Many events in Krusty's life parallel those of comedian Jerry Lewis, including his Jewish background, addiction to Percodan, and hosting of telethons. When asked, Groening has simply noted that \"[Simpsons] characters are collaborations between the writers, animators, and actors\" without specifically confirming or denying the association. Krusty's appearance and design is essentially that of Homer Simpson with clown makeup. Groening said that \"The satirical conceit that I was going for at the time was that The Simpsons was about a kid who had no respect for his father, but worshipped a clown who looked exactly like his father\", a theme which became less important as the show developed. One concept initially saw Krusty being revealed as Homer's secret identity but the idea was dropped for being too complex and because the writers were too busy developing the series. There are two instances of the one assuming the identity of the other. In a (non-canonical) Butterfinger commercial, pertaining to a contest for $50,000 to find out who stole Bart's Butterfinger, a captured Homer appears to be the culprit until Maggie pulls off a mask, revealing Krusty.", "\"A Wild Hare\" was a huge success in theaters and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Cartoon Short Subject. For the film, Avery asked Givens to remodel the rabbit. The result had a closer resemblance to Max Hare. He had a more elongated body, stood more erect, and looked more poised. If Thorson's rabbit looked like an infant, Givens' version looked like an adolescent. Blanc gave Bugs the voice of a city slicker. The rabbit was as audacious as he had been in \"Hare-um Scare-um\" and as cool and collected as in \"Prest-O Change-O\". Immediately following on \"A Wild Hare\", Bob Clampett's \"Patient Porky\" (1940) features a cameo appearance by Bugs, announcing to the audience that 750 rabbits have been born. The gag uses Bugs' \"Wild Hare\" visual design, but his goofier pre-\"Wild Hare\" voice characterization. The second full-fledged role for the mature Bugs, Chuck Jones' \"Elmer's Pet Rabbit\" (1941), is the first to use Bugs' name on-screen: it appears in a title card, \"featuring Bugs Bunny,\" at the start of the film (which was edited in following the success of \"A Wild Hare\"). However, Bugs' voice and personality in this cartoon is noticeably different, and his design was slightly altered as well; Bugs' visual design is based on the prototype rabbit in \"Candid Camera\", but with yellow gloves and no buck teeth, has a lower-pitched voice and a more aggressive, arrogant and thuggish personality instead of a fun-loving personality. After \"Pet Rabbit\", however, subsequent Bugs appearances returned to normal: the \"Wild Hare\" visual design and personality returned, and Blanc re-used the \"Wild Hare\" voice characterization.", "Krusty Gets Busted \"Krusty Gets Busted\" is the twelfth and penultimate episode of \"The Simpsons\"' first season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 29, 1990. The episode was written by Jay Kogen and Wallace Wolodarsky, and directed by Brad Bird. In the episode, Krusty the Clown is convicted of armed robbery of the Kwik-E-Mart. Convinced that Krusty has been framed, Bart and Lisa investigate the incident and discover that Krusty's sidekick, Sideshow Bob, was the culprit. This episode marks the first full-fledged appearance of Kent Brockman, and Kelsey Grammer makes his first guest appearance on the show as the voice of Sideshow Bob. Homer stops by the Kwik-E-Mart on the way home from work and witnesses a masked clown resembling Krusty committing a robbery. He identifies the clown as Krusty to the police, and Krusty is arrested, upsetting Bart, who idolizes him. At the trial, Homer points out Krusty as the robber and he is convicted and sentenced to jail. The community then burns much of Krusty's merchandise. Krusty's sidekick Sideshow Bob becomes the new host of his show, retooling it to focus on education and classic literature. Still refusing to accept that his hero could have committed the crime, Bart enlists the help of a reluctant Lisa to prove Krusty's innocence. At the crime scene, the pair deduce Krusty could not have been the robber, who used a microwave unsuitable for those with a pacemaker and read at the magazine rack (Krusty was revealed to be illiterate during the trial)."], "answer": {"text": "Many events in Krusty's life parallel those of comedian Jerry Lewis,", "answer_start": 630}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Krusty created?", "answer": {"text": "Krusty first appeared in \"The Krusty the Clown Show\", one of The Simpsons shorts from The Tracey Ullman Show that first aired on January 15, 1989.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Krusty do in the episode?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who voiced Krusty?", "answer": {"text": "Dan Castellaneta based his voice characterization on Chicago television's Bob Bell who had a very raspy voice and portrayed WGN-TV's Bozo the Clown from 1960 to 1984.", "answer_start": 463, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was krusty a hit?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2b9f7c04dd09473080fc3abe032fbe6b_1_q#5", "question": "Which events are those?", "rewrite": "Which events in Krusty's life parallel Jerry Lewis's life?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Adventures of Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis The Adventures of Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis is the title of a celebrity comics comic book published by DC Comics featuring the popular team of comedians Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis. The series ran for 40 issues from 1952 through 1957, at which time the title was renamed because of the real life breakup of the team. The title was continued as \"The Adventures of Jerry Lewis\" thereafter for issues #41-124. The new series featured the comedian Jerry Lewis in a variety of humorous situations. Infrequent guest stars included Batman, Bob Hope, Lex Luthor, Superman, the Flash. and Wonder Woman, Notable artists who worked on the series include Bob Oksner and Neal Adams. In 2007, Bob Oksner stated that he had had a greater role in writing the comic than previously acknowledged, stating that the comic's editor, Larry Nadle, had persuaded him to allow his writing credit (and thus payment) to be transferred to \"another cartoonist\" who Nadle described as being in debt to DC; in reality, Nadle was keeping the money, and when this was discovered after his death in 1963, Oksner was nearly fired.", "Will the Real Jerry Lewis Please Sit Down Will the Real Jerry Lewis Please Sit Down is a 1970 animated showcase for various caricatured Jerry Lewis characters, all based on characters from the Lewis film, \"The Family Jewels\" and styled in a fashion similar to \"Archie's TV Funnies\" and the \"Groovie Goolies\". The title is a variant of the deciding question on the game show \"To Tell the Truth\": \"Will the real __________ please stand up?\". Like most 1970s-era Saturday morning cartoon series, \"Will the Real Jerry Lewis Please Sit Down\" contained an adult laugh track. As with all of their wilder comedies, such as those mentioned above and later shows like \"Uncle Croc's Block\" and \"The Secret Lives of Waldo Kitty\", Filmation stuffed the episodes with slapstick jokes, and the rubbery, gangly animated version of Lewis was well realised and similar to his depiction in DC Comics' long running comic book title, \"The Adventures of Jerry Lewis\" (originally published as \"The Adventures of Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis\" prior to the dissolution of their show business partnership). Among the recurring characters were Chinese detective Hong Kong Flewis and his rotund son, One Ton Son; his father, Professor Lewis; and his sister Geraldine (and her pet frog, Spot). In the series, Jerry worked for the Odd Job Employment Agency under the supervision of the obnoxious Mr. Blunderpuss. A typical episode found Jerry being assigned a job, and making a complete shambles of it in his harmless, naive way. Though Jerry Lewis contributed to some of the scripts, he did not voice any of the characters.", "Prior to owning Brown's, Charles and Lillian ran the 38-room Hotel Arthur where Jerry Lewis worked as an emcee and a tea boy, returning to perform even after achieving Hollywood fame. The family also opened the Ambassador Hotel in Fallsburg where Lewis first performed as a comedian in 1942. Rather than a restaurant worker, Jerry Lewis had in fact gained employment as an entertainer. Charles and Lillian Brown opened Brown's Hotel in 1944 and would eventually name the lounge The Jerry Lewis Theatre Club in honor of the notable comedian and family friend. Billboards along the highway encouraged motorists to \u201cDo a Jerry Lewis - Come to Brown\u2019s\u201d as the celebrity was featured heavily in an advertising campaign that would contribute to the success of the resort. A large cartoon caricature of Lewis on another billboard stated \u201cBrown\u2019s is my favorite resort.\u201d Jerry Lewis\u2019 father Danny, a former vaudeville entertainer, also performed emcee duties at the lounge. For years during his famous telethon, Lewis would appeal to viewers to ask \u201cUncle Charles and Aunt Lillian\u201d to donate to the fight against muscular dystrophy and would give out the number to Brown's Hotel. Jerry Lewis never performed professionally either at the Hotel Arthur or Brown's Hotel until he returned to Brown's to promote a Martin & Lewis movie. Brown's Hotel did not have a lounge. It did have two nightclubs. The smaller was The Brown Derby, and the main night club was originally known as \"The Playhouse. \" The name was changed to The Martin & Lewis Playhouse when Jerry arranged for the debut of the M&L move, \"Living it Up.\" Dean Martin never showed up so Jerry did a solo. That was the first time Jerry actually performed at Brown's Hotel. The night club was then renamed \"The Jerry Lewis Theater Club.\"", "The Jerry Lewis Show The Jerry Lewis Show was the name of several separate but similar American variety, talk and comedy programs starring comedian Jerry Lewis that aired non-consecutively between September 21, 1963 \u2013 1984. The original version of the series aired on ABC from September 21, 1963\u2013December 21, 1963. A second series of the same name aired on NBC from September 12, 1967\u2013May 27, 1969. A final version also of the same name aired in first-run syndication for one week in June 1984. Before \"The Jerry Lewis Show\" premiered in 1963, Lewis made several films and television appearances, notably as host on \"The Colgate Comedy Hour\", with vocalist Dean Martin as the duo of \"Martin and Lewis\", first formed in July 1946. In 1956, after 17 films, a radio series , 29 Colgate shows and many night club appearances, they parted ways bitterly. Both Martin and Lewis continued as successful, but separate superstars. Between 1957 and 1962, Lewis headlined several well received solo specials for the NBC and ABC networks. \" The Jerry Lewis Show\" was the comedian's first foray into weekly television. Lewis had been a substitute host of \"The Tonight Show\" for two weeks after Jack Paar quit the show and before Johnny Carson took over, in 1962. Lewis' stint was successful, garnering huge ratings for the time period and a bidding war between the networks for his services as a talk show host. ABC gave him everything he asked for, including two hours live every Saturday night. In 1963, the American Broadcasting Company, (ABC), purchased the Hollywood and Vine Street Theatre, also known as the El Capitan Theatre (not to be confused with the present-day El Capitan Theatre). The theater had been used in previous years for broadcast radio shows for the Mutual Broadcasting System.", "Krusty first appeared in \"The Krusty the Clown Show\", one of The Simpsons shorts from The Tracey Ullman Show that first aired on January 15, 1989. The character was partially inspired by TV clown \"Rusty Nails\" whom The Simpsons creator Matt Groening and director Brad Bird watched as children while growing up in Portland, Oregon. Groening describes Rusty Nails as being a sweet clown whose show sometimes had a Christian message, but whose name scared Groening. Dan Castellaneta based his voice characterization on Chicago television's Bob Bell who had a very raspy voice and portrayed WGN-TV's Bozo the Clown from 1960 to 1984. Many events in Krusty's life parallel those of comedian Jerry Lewis, including his Jewish background, addiction to Percodan, and hosting of telethons. When asked, Groening has simply noted that \"[Simpsons] characters are collaborations between the writers, animators, and actors\" without specifically confirming or denying the association. Krusty's appearance and design is essentially that of Homer Simpson with clown makeup. Groening said that \"The satirical conceit that I was going for at the time was that The Simpsons was about a kid who had no respect for his father, but worshipped a clown who looked exactly like his father\", a theme which became less important as the show developed. One concept initially saw Krusty being revealed as Homer's secret identity but the idea was dropped for being too complex and because the writers were too busy developing the series. There are two instances of the one assuming the identity of the other. In a (non-canonical) Butterfinger commercial, pertaining to a contest for $50,000 to find out who stole Bart's Butterfinger, a captured Homer appears to be the culprit until Maggie pulls off a mask, revealing Krusty."], "answer": {"text": "including his Jewish background, addiction to Percodan, and hosting of telethons.", "answer_start": 699}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When was Krusty created?", "answer": {"text": "Krusty first appeared in \"The Krusty the Clown Show\", one of The Simpsons shorts from The Tracey Ullman Show that first aired on January 15, 1989.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Krusty do in the episode?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who voiced Krusty?", "answer": {"text": "Dan Castellaneta based his voice characterization on Chicago television's Bob Bell who had a very raspy voice and portrayed WGN-TV's Bozo the Clown from 1960 to 1984.", "answer_start": 463, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was krusty a hit?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Many events in Krusty's life parallel those of comedian Jerry Lewis,", "answer_start": 630, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7c01702c75b94611becc862c15233ff9_0_q#0", "question": "what did Sandra Day O'Connor do with foreign law?", "rewrite": "what did Sandra Day O'Connor do with foreign law?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Jay O'Connor John Jay O'Connor III (January 10, 1930 \u2013 November 11, 2009) was an American lawyer and the husband of United States Supreme Court Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, the first woman to serve on the court. O'Connor, a prominent lawyer in Arizona, suffered from Alzheimer's disease during his later life. His illness played a significant role in Sandra Day O'Connor's decision in 2005 to retire from the Supreme Court. O'Connor was born on January 10, 1930, in San Francisco, California. His parents were John Jay O'Connor II and Sally Flynn O'Connor. He was of Irish Catholic descent and attended Saint Ignatius High School in San Francisco. He obtained his bachelor's degree from Stanford University in 1951, and later received a law degree, also from Stanford, in 1953. O'Connor met his future wife, Sandra Day of Arizona, while both were law review editors and students at Stanford Law School. The couple married in 1952. O'Connor served within the U.S. Army Judge Advocate General's Corp following his graduation from law school. He was stationed in Frankfurt, West Germany, from 1954 until 1956. Ms O'Connor was employed in the Quartermaster Corps as a civilian lawyer. O'Connor returned to the United States and moved to Phoenix, Arizona. There he joined the law firm of Fennemore, Craig, von Ammon, McClennen & Udall. Following Sandra Day O'Connor's appointment to the United States Supreme Court by President Ronald Reagan, O'Connor moved with his family to Washington, D.C. He continued to practice law with two firms, Miller & Chevalier and Bryan Cave, while living in Washington. O'Connor was diagnosed with Alzheimer's nearly twenty years before his death.", "Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law The Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law (ASU Law) is one of the professional graduate schools at Arizona State University, located in Phoenix, Arizona. The school is currently located in the Beus Center for Law and Society on ASU's downtown Phoenix campus. The law school was created in 1965 as the Arizona State University College of Law upon recommendation of the Arizona Board of Regents, with the first classes held in the fall of 1967. The school has held American Bar Association accreditation since 1969 and is a member of the Order of the Coif. The school is also a member of the Association of American Law Schools. In 2006, the law school was renamed in honor of retired United States Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor. ASU Law is ranked 25th overall in the nation by \"U.S. News and World Report\", the 8th-highest public law school, and the highest-ranked law school of the three in Arizona. The school was previously located in Armstrong Hall, adjacent to the Ross-Blakley Law Library on ASU's Tempe campus. In 2012, the school announced plans to relocate to Arizona State University Downtown Phoenix campus. The first classes held in the new building, the Beus Center for Law and Society, were in the fall semester of 2016. The new law building cost $129 million, paid for with construction bonds, private donations and the city of Phoenix, which provided land and $12 million. The building is named for Phoenix attorney Leo Beus, who donated $10 million to the law school in 2014. Apart from the law school, the Beus Center also houses the Lincoln Center for Applied Ethics, The McCain Institute for International Leadership, the Sandra Day O\u2019Connor Institute, Arizona Voice for Crime Victims, the Arizona Justice Project, and the ASU Alumni Law Group.", "Sandra Day O'Connor High School (Texas) Sandra Day O'Connor High School is a public high school in Helotes, Texas, United States, in the San Antonio metropolitan area. It is a part of the Northside Independent School District. Opened in 1998, O'Connor High School followed the tradition of all the Northside high schools in being named after a Supreme Court justice, Sandra Day O'Connor, who served from 1981 to 2006, and was the first female justice on United States Supreme Court. The school colors are navy blue, white and old gold and the mascot is the Panther. The first principal was Dr. Ken Patranella, who served from 1998 to 2003. He was succeeded by Mr. Larry Martin, who served as principal from 2003 to 2009. The O'Connor library is named in Mr. Martin's honor. Ms. Jacqueline Horras is the current principal. O'Connor High School serves the entire town of Helotes and a small part of the larger central city of San Antonio. The campus comprises over 15 limestone buildings and the walkways are mostly outdoors. In 2017, the school was rated \"Met Standard\" by the Texas Education Agency.. Students can participate in a wide variety of school sports including: Most school sports have practices and home games at O'Connor High itself, however, the football team, soccer team, and swimming & diving team uses. The Dub Farris Athletic Complex off of Loop 1604 and Bamberger Trail for practice and home venues. O'Connor has the largest and most expansive Future Farmers of America complex in the Northside Independent School District. The Agriculture Department at O'Connor is a unique program in which students learn a wide variety of agricultural techniques in a hands-on environment.", "Sandra Day O'Connor Institute The Sandra Day O'Connor Institute is a non-profit organization based in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, whose mission is to \"continue Justice Sandra Day O\u2019Connor\u2019s legacy and lifetime work to advance civics education, civic engagement and civil discourse\". The institute was established with the retired U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor from Arizona in 2009. Leaders and luminaries who have spoken at the O'Connor Institute include General Colin Powell, President George W. Bush and the former Soviet Union President Mikhail Gorbachev. The institute, a non-profit, nonpartisan organization, was originally founded as O'Connor House to oversee saving and preserving O'Connor's historic 1958 adobe family home, which was slated for demolition. The house in Paradise Valley, Arizona, was painstakingly dismantled brick by brick and successfully reassembled in a new location in Tempe's Papago Park near the Arizona Historical Society in 2009. The O'Connor Institute conserves the house. In 2015, Justice O'Connor and the organization's Board of Directors authorized the renaming from O'Connor House to the Sandra Day O'Connor Institute to better represent the broader spectrum of programs and emphasis on civil discourse, civic engagement and civics education. In 2019, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Sandra Day O'Connor House. The O'Connor Institute Distinguished Speakers Series features prominent individuals who have fostered civil discourse in their careers.", "Sandra Day O'Connor House The Sandra Day O'Connor House is the historic home of former U.S. Supreme Court Justice from Arizona, Sandra Day O'Connor. Originally built in Paradise Valley, Arizona, it was moved to Tempe in 2007\u20132009 to become the home of the Sandra Day O'Connor Institute and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2019. The home was built in 1957 of adobe brick made from mud collected at the nearby Salt River. It is one-story with three bedrooms, floor-to-ceiling windows and is approximately . The design is mid-century modern with significant influences of Frank Lloyd Wright. O'Connor and her husband placed some of the brick during the construction, and applied skim milk as a preservative. The original location was on Denton Lane in the town of Paradise Valley, a suburb of Phoenix. In addition to Wright influences such as the large floor-to-ceiling windows that connect the inside to the outside environment, large overhangs to block the desert sun, and a modern \"minimal palette of materials\", the long narrow shape reflects the California ranch popularized by Cliff May. The house also features exposed adobe brick on the interior, red concrete floors and exposed wood structural beams. It was O'Connor's desire that the design of the house evoke memories of her childhood home, an adobe ranch house in Duncan, Arizona. A post-O'Connor owner of the property planned to demolish the home in order to build a larger residence on the lot. A preservation effort ensued which raised $2 million in private funding and the house was disassembled beginning in 2007. Each adobe brick was removed, individually numbered, and stacked for transport to the new location. Other parts were moved in large assemblies."], "answer": {"text": "judicial decisions should not be based on any foreign laws, court decisions, or pronouncements of foreign governments", "answer_start": 1278}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7c01702c75b94611becc862c15233ff9_0_q#1", "question": "how did she show this?", "rewrite": "how did Sandra Day O'Connor show judicial decisions should not be based on any foreign laws, court decisions, or pronouncements?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sandra Day O'Connor House The Sandra Day O'Connor House is the historic home of former U.S. Supreme Court Justice from Arizona, Sandra Day O'Connor. Originally built in Paradise Valley, Arizona, it was moved to Tempe in 2007\u20132009 to become the home of the Sandra Day O'Connor Institute and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2019. The home was built in 1957 of adobe brick made from mud collected at the nearby Salt River. It is one-story with three bedrooms, floor-to-ceiling windows and is approximately . The design is mid-century modern with significant influences of Frank Lloyd Wright. O'Connor and her husband placed some of the brick during the construction, and applied skim milk as a preservative. The original location was on Denton Lane in the town of Paradise Valley, a suburb of Phoenix. In addition to Wright influences such as the large floor-to-ceiling windows that connect the inside to the outside environment, large overhangs to block the desert sun, and a modern \"minimal palette of materials\", the long narrow shape reflects the California ranch popularized by Cliff May. The house also features exposed adobe brick on the interior, red concrete floors and exposed wood structural beams. It was O'Connor's desire that the design of the house evoke memories of her childhood home, an adobe ranch house in Duncan, Arizona. A post-O'Connor owner of the property planned to demolish the home in order to build a larger residence on the lot. A preservation effort ensued which raised $2 million in private funding and the house was disassembled beginning in 2007. Each adobe brick was removed, individually numbered, and stacked for transport to the new location. Other parts were moved in large assemblies.", "Sandra Day O'Connor Institute The Sandra Day O'Connor Institute is a non-profit organization based in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, whose mission is to \"continue Justice Sandra Day O\u2019Connor\u2019s legacy and lifetime work to advance civics education, civic engagement and civil discourse\". The institute was established with the retired U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor from Arizona in 2009. Leaders and luminaries who have spoken at the O'Connor Institute include General Colin Powell, President George W. Bush and the former Soviet Union President Mikhail Gorbachev. The institute, a non-profit, nonpartisan organization, was originally founded as O'Connor House to oversee saving and preserving O'Connor's historic 1958 adobe family home, which was slated for demolition. The house in Paradise Valley, Arizona, was painstakingly dismantled brick by brick and successfully reassembled in a new location in Tempe's Papago Park near the Arizona Historical Society in 2009. The O'Connor Institute conserves the house. In 2015, Justice O'Connor and the organization's Board of Directors authorized the renaming from O'Connor House to the Sandra Day O'Connor Institute to better represent the broader spectrum of programs and emphasis on civil discourse, civic engagement and civics education. In 2019, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Sandra Day O'Connor House. The O'Connor Institute Distinguished Speakers Series features prominent individuals who have fostered civil discourse in their careers.", "O'Connor was a vigorous defender of the citing of foreign laws in judicial decisions. In a well-publicized October 28, 2003, speech at the Southern Center for International Studies, O'Connor said: The impressions we create in this world are important and can leave their mark ... [T]here is talk today about the \"internationalization of legal relations\". We are already seeing this in American courts, and should see it increasingly in the future. This does not mean, of course, that our courts can or should abandon their character as domestic institutions. But conclusions reached by other countries and by the international community, although not formally binding upon our decisions, should at times constitute persuasive authority in American courts--what is sometimes called \"transjudicialism\". In the speech she noted the 2002 Court case, Atkins v. Virginia, in which the majority decision (which included her) cited disapproval of the death penalty in Europe as part of its argument. This speech, and the general concept of relying on foreign law and opinion, was widely criticized by conservatives. In May 2004, the U.S. House of Representatives responded by passing a non-binding resolution, the \"Reaffirmation of American Independence Resolution\", stating that \"U.S. judicial decisions should not be based on any foreign laws, court decisions, or pronouncements of foreign governments unless they are relevant to determining the meaning of American constitutional and statutory law.\" O'Connor once quoted the constitution of the Middle Eastern nation of Bahrain, which states that \"[n]o authority shall prevail over the judgement of a judge, and under no circumstances may the course of justice be interfered with.\" Further, \"[i]t is in everyone's interest to foster the rule-of-law evolution.\"", "The Des O'Connor Show The Des O'Connor Show is a British variety and chat show hosted by Des O'Connor. ITV broadcast the programme from 1963 until 1973. Associated Television produced the programme, and which was recorded in black-and-white for the first six series. When the seventh series of the show aired in colour in 1970, its popularity spread internationally. ITV licensed the programme to the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) in the United States, where it aired during prime time, and continued for one more series. Some entertainment celebrities of the time, such as Patrick Newell and Dom DeLuise, made multiple guest appearances on the show. In the United States, NBC retitled the programme to Kraft Music Hall Presents the Des O'Connor Show, after their own popular variety show \"Kraft Music Hall\", which also ended in 1971. A DVD release \"Des O'Connor Volume 1\" (22 June 2009) collects various highlights from \" Kraft Music Hall Presents the Des O'Connor Show\".", "John Jay O'Connor John Jay O'Connor III (January 10, 1930 \u2013 November 11, 2009) was an American lawyer and the husband of United States Supreme Court Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, the first woman to serve on the court. O'Connor, a prominent lawyer in Arizona, suffered from Alzheimer's disease during his later life. His illness played a significant role in Sandra Day O'Connor's decision in 2005 to retire from the Supreme Court. O'Connor was born on January 10, 1930, in San Francisco, California. His parents were John Jay O'Connor II and Sally Flynn O'Connor. He was of Irish Catholic descent and attended Saint Ignatius High School in San Francisco. He obtained his bachelor's degree from Stanford University in 1951, and later received a law degree, also from Stanford, in 1953. O'Connor met his future wife, Sandra Day of Arizona, while both were law review editors and students at Stanford Law School. The couple married in 1952. O'Connor served within the U.S. Army Judge Advocate General's Corp following his graduation from law school. He was stationed in Frankfurt, West Germany, from 1954 until 1956. Ms O'Connor was employed in the Quartermaster Corps as a civilian lawyer. O'Connor returned to the United States and moved to Phoenix, Arizona. There he joined the law firm of Fennemore, Craig, von Ammon, McClennen & Udall. Following Sandra Day O'Connor's appointment to the United States Supreme Court by President Ronald Reagan, O'Connor moved with his family to Washington, D.C. He continued to practice law with two firms, Miller & Chevalier and Bryan Cave, while living in Washington. O'Connor was diagnosed with Alzheimer's nearly twenty years before his death."], "answer": {"text": "n]o authority shall prevail over the judgement of a judge, and under no circumstances may the course of justice be interfered with.\"", "answer_start": 1594}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what did Sandra Day O'Connor do with foreign law?", "answer": {"text": "judicial decisions should not be based on any foreign laws, court decisions, or pronouncements of foreign governments", "answer_start": 1278, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7c01702c75b94611becc862c15233ff9_0_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article other than the work of Sandra Day O'Connor on Foreign Laws?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Sandra Day O'Connor High School (Texas) Sandra Day O'Connor High School is a public high school in Helotes, Texas, United States, in the San Antonio metropolitan area. It is a part of the Northside Independent School District. Opened in 1998, O'Connor High School followed the tradition of all the Northside high schools in being named after a Supreme Court justice, Sandra Day O'Connor, who served from 1981 to 2006, and was the first female justice on United States Supreme Court. The school colors are navy blue, white and old gold and the mascot is the Panther. The first principal was Dr. Ken Patranella, who served from 1998 to 2003. He was succeeded by Mr. Larry Martin, who served as principal from 2003 to 2009. The O'Connor library is named in Mr. Martin's honor. Ms. Jacqueline Horras is the current principal. O'Connor High School serves the entire town of Helotes and a small part of the larger central city of San Antonio. The campus comprises over 15 limestone buildings and the walkways are mostly outdoors. In 2017, the school was rated \"Met Standard\" by the Texas Education Agency.. Students can participate in a wide variety of school sports including: Most school sports have practices and home games at O'Connor High itself, however, the football team, soccer team, and swimming & diving team uses. The Dub Farris Athletic Complex off of Loop 1604 and Bamberger Trail for practice and home venues. O'Connor has the largest and most expansive Future Farmers of America complex in the Northside Independent School District. The Agriculture Department at O'Connor is a unique program in which students learn a wide variety of agricultural techniques in a hands-on environment.", "Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law The Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law (ASU Law) is one of the professional graduate schools at Arizona State University, located in Phoenix, Arizona. The school is currently located in the Beus Center for Law and Society on ASU's downtown Phoenix campus. The law school was created in 1965 as the Arizona State University College of Law upon recommendation of the Arizona Board of Regents, with the first classes held in the fall of 1967. The school has held American Bar Association accreditation since 1969 and is a member of the Order of the Coif. The school is also a member of the Association of American Law Schools. In 2006, the law school was renamed in honor of retired United States Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor. ASU Law is ranked 25th overall in the nation by \"U.S. News and World Report\", the 8th-highest public law school, and the highest-ranked law school of the three in Arizona. The school was previously located in Armstrong Hall, adjacent to the Ross-Blakley Law Library on ASU's Tempe campus. In 2012, the school announced plans to relocate to Arizona State University Downtown Phoenix campus. The first classes held in the new building, the Beus Center for Law and Society, were in the fall semester of 2016. The new law building cost $129 million, paid for with construction bonds, private donations and the city of Phoenix, which provided land and $12 million. The building is named for Phoenix attorney Leo Beus, who donated $10 million to the law school in 2014. Apart from the law school, the Beus Center also houses the Lincoln Center for Applied Ethics, The McCain Institute for International Leadership, the Sandra Day O\u2019Connor Institute, Arizona Voice for Crime Victims, the Arizona Justice Project, and the ASU Alumni Law Group.", "John Jay O'Connor John Jay O'Connor III (January 10, 1930 \u2013 November 11, 2009) was an American lawyer and the husband of United States Supreme Court Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, the first woman to serve on the court. O'Connor, a prominent lawyer in Arizona, suffered from Alzheimer's disease during his later life. His illness played a significant role in Sandra Day O'Connor's decision in 2005 to retire from the Supreme Court. O'Connor was born on January 10, 1930, in San Francisco, California. His parents were John Jay O'Connor II and Sally Flynn O'Connor. He was of Irish Catholic descent and attended Saint Ignatius High School in San Francisco. He obtained his bachelor's degree from Stanford University in 1951, and later received a law degree, also from Stanford, in 1953. O'Connor met his future wife, Sandra Day of Arizona, while both were law review editors and students at Stanford Law School. The couple married in 1952. O'Connor served within the U.S. Army Judge Advocate General's Corp following his graduation from law school. He was stationed in Frankfurt, West Germany, from 1954 until 1956. Ms O'Connor was employed in the Quartermaster Corps as a civilian lawyer. O'Connor returned to the United States and moved to Phoenix, Arizona. There he joined the law firm of Fennemore, Craig, von Ammon, McClennen & Udall. Following Sandra Day O'Connor's appointment to the United States Supreme Court by President Ronald Reagan, O'Connor moved with his family to Washington, D.C. He continued to practice law with two firms, Miller & Chevalier and Bryan Cave, while living in Washington. O'Connor was diagnosed with Alzheimer's nearly twenty years before his death.", "Sandra Day O'Connor House The Sandra Day O'Connor House is the historic home of former U.S. Supreme Court Justice from Arizona, Sandra Day O'Connor. Originally built in Paradise Valley, Arizona, it was moved to Tempe in 2007\u20132009 to become the home of the Sandra Day O'Connor Institute and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2019. The home was built in 1957 of adobe brick made from mud collected at the nearby Salt River. It is one-story with three bedrooms, floor-to-ceiling windows and is approximately . The design is mid-century modern with significant influences of Frank Lloyd Wright. O'Connor and her husband placed some of the brick during the construction, and applied skim milk as a preservative. The original location was on Denton Lane in the town of Paradise Valley, a suburb of Phoenix. In addition to Wright influences such as the large floor-to-ceiling windows that connect the inside to the outside environment, large overhangs to block the desert sun, and a modern \"minimal palette of materials\", the long narrow shape reflects the California ranch popularized by Cliff May. The house also features exposed adobe brick on the interior, red concrete floors and exposed wood structural beams. It was O'Connor's desire that the design of the house evoke memories of her childhood home, an adobe ranch house in Duncan, Arizona. A post-O'Connor owner of the property planned to demolish the home in order to build a larger residence on the lot. A preservation effort ensued which raised $2 million in private funding and the house was disassembled beginning in 2007. Each adobe brick was removed, individually numbered, and stacked for transport to the new location. Other parts were moved in large assemblies.", "Sandra Day O'Connor Institute The Sandra Day O'Connor Institute is a non-profit organization based in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, whose mission is to \"continue Justice Sandra Day O\u2019Connor\u2019s legacy and lifetime work to advance civics education, civic engagement and civil discourse\". The institute was established with the retired U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor from Arizona in 2009. Leaders and luminaries who have spoken at the O'Connor Institute include General Colin Powell, President George W. Bush and the former Soviet Union President Mikhail Gorbachev. The institute, a non-profit, nonpartisan organization, was originally founded as O'Connor House to oversee saving and preserving O'Connor's historic 1958 adobe family home, which was slated for demolition. The house in Paradise Valley, Arizona, was painstakingly dismantled brick by brick and successfully reassembled in a new location in Tempe's Papago Park near the Arizona Historical Society in 2009. The O'Connor Institute conserves the house. In 2015, Justice O'Connor and the organization's Board of Directors authorized the renaming from O'Connor House to the Sandra Day O'Connor Institute to better represent the broader spectrum of programs and emphasis on civil discourse, civic engagement and civics education. In 2019, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Sandra Day O'Connor House. The O'Connor Institute Distinguished Speakers Series features prominent individuals who have fostered civil discourse in their careers."], "answer": {"text": "In her retirement, she has continued to speak and organize conferences on the issue of judicial independence.", "answer_start": 220}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what did Sandra Day O'Connor do with foreign law?", "answer": {"text": "judicial decisions should not be based on any foreign laws, court decisions, or pronouncements of foreign governments", "answer_start": 1278, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did she show this?", "answer": {"text": "n]o authority shall prevail over the judgement of a judge, and under no circumstances may the course of justice be interfered with.\"", "answer_start": 1594, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7c01702c75b94611becc862c15233ff9_0_q#3", "question": "what changes has she helped make?", "rewrite": "what judicial changes has Sandra Day O'Connor helped make?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law The Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law (ASU Law) is one of the professional graduate schools at Arizona State University, located in Phoenix, Arizona. The school is currently located in the Beus Center for Law and Society on ASU's downtown Phoenix campus. The law school was created in 1965 as the Arizona State University College of Law upon recommendation of the Arizona Board of Regents, with the first classes held in the fall of 1967. The school has held American Bar Association accreditation since 1969 and is a member of the Order of the Coif. The school is also a member of the Association of American Law Schools. In 2006, the law school was renamed in honor of retired United States Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor. ASU Law is ranked 25th overall in the nation by \"U.S. News and World Report\", the 8th-highest public law school, and the highest-ranked law school of the three in Arizona. The school was previously located in Armstrong Hall, adjacent to the Ross-Blakley Law Library on ASU's Tempe campus. In 2012, the school announced plans to relocate to Arizona State University Downtown Phoenix campus. The first classes held in the new building, the Beus Center for Law and Society, were in the fall semester of 2016. The new law building cost $129 million, paid for with construction bonds, private donations and the city of Phoenix, which provided land and $12 million. The building is named for Phoenix attorney Leo Beus, who donated $10 million to the law school in 2014. Apart from the law school, the Beus Center also houses the Lincoln Center for Applied Ethics, The McCain Institute for International Leadership, the Sandra Day O\u2019Connor Institute, Arizona Voice for Crime Victims, the Arizona Justice Project, and the ASU Alumni Law Group.", "Sandra Day O'Connor House The Sandra Day O'Connor House is the historic home of former U.S. Supreme Court Justice from Arizona, Sandra Day O'Connor. Originally built in Paradise Valley, Arizona, it was moved to Tempe in 2007\u20132009 to become the home of the Sandra Day O'Connor Institute and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2019. The home was built in 1957 of adobe brick made from mud collected at the nearby Salt River. It is one-story with three bedrooms, floor-to-ceiling windows and is approximately . The design is mid-century modern with significant influences of Frank Lloyd Wright. O'Connor and her husband placed some of the brick during the construction, and applied skim milk as a preservative. The original location was on Denton Lane in the town of Paradise Valley, a suburb of Phoenix. In addition to Wright influences such as the large floor-to-ceiling windows that connect the inside to the outside environment, large overhangs to block the desert sun, and a modern \"minimal palette of materials\", the long narrow shape reflects the California ranch popularized by Cliff May. The house also features exposed adobe brick on the interior, red concrete floors and exposed wood structural beams. It was O'Connor's desire that the design of the house evoke memories of her childhood home, an adobe ranch house in Duncan, Arizona. A post-O'Connor owner of the property planned to demolish the home in order to build a larger residence on the lot. A preservation effort ensued which raised $2 million in private funding and the house was disassembled beginning in 2007. Each adobe brick was removed, individually numbered, and stacked for transport to the new location. Other parts were moved in large assemblies.", "Sandra Day O'Connor Institute The Sandra Day O'Connor Institute is a non-profit organization based in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, whose mission is to \"continue Justice Sandra Day O\u2019Connor\u2019s legacy and lifetime work to advance civics education, civic engagement and civil discourse\". The institute was established with the retired U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor from Arizona in 2009. Leaders and luminaries who have spoken at the O'Connor Institute include General Colin Powell, President George W. Bush and the former Soviet Union President Mikhail Gorbachev. The institute, a non-profit, nonpartisan organization, was originally founded as O'Connor House to oversee saving and preserving O'Connor's historic 1958 adobe family home, which was slated for demolition. The house in Paradise Valley, Arizona, was painstakingly dismantled brick by brick and successfully reassembled in a new location in Tempe's Papago Park near the Arizona Historical Society in 2009. The O'Connor Institute conserves the house. In 2015, Justice O'Connor and the organization's Board of Directors authorized the renaming from O'Connor House to the Sandra Day O'Connor Institute to better represent the broader spectrum of programs and emphasis on civil discourse, civic engagement and civics education. In 2019, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Sandra Day O'Connor House. The O'Connor Institute Distinguished Speakers Series features prominent individuals who have fostered civil discourse in their careers.", "John Jay O'Connor John Jay O'Connor III (January 10, 1930 \u2013 November 11, 2009) was an American lawyer and the husband of United States Supreme Court Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, the first woman to serve on the court. O'Connor, a prominent lawyer in Arizona, suffered from Alzheimer's disease during his later life. His illness played a significant role in Sandra Day O'Connor's decision in 2005 to retire from the Supreme Court. O'Connor was born on January 10, 1930, in San Francisco, California. His parents were John Jay O'Connor II and Sally Flynn O'Connor. He was of Irish Catholic descent and attended Saint Ignatius High School in San Francisco. He obtained his bachelor's degree from Stanford University in 1951, and later received a law degree, also from Stanford, in 1953. O'Connor met his future wife, Sandra Day of Arizona, while both were law review editors and students at Stanford Law School. The couple married in 1952. O'Connor served within the U.S. Army Judge Advocate General's Corp following his graduation from law school. He was stationed in Frankfurt, West Germany, from 1954 until 1956. Ms O'Connor was employed in the Quartermaster Corps as a civilian lawyer. O'Connor returned to the United States and moved to Phoenix, Arizona. There he joined the law firm of Fennemore, Craig, von Ammon, McClennen & Udall. Following Sandra Day O'Connor's appointment to the United States Supreme Court by President Ronald Reagan, O'Connor moved with his family to Washington, D.C. He continued to practice law with two firms, Miller & Chevalier and Bryan Cave, while living in Washington. O'Connor was diagnosed with Alzheimer's nearly twenty years before his death.", "Sandra Day O'Connor High School (Texas) Sandra Day O'Connor High School is a public high school in Helotes, Texas, United States, in the San Antonio metropolitan area. It is a part of the Northside Independent School District. Opened in 1998, O'Connor High School followed the tradition of all the Northside high schools in being named after a Supreme Court justice, Sandra Day O'Connor, who served from 1981 to 2006, and was the first female justice on United States Supreme Court. The school colors are navy blue, white and old gold and the mascot is the Panther. The first principal was Dr. Ken Patranella, who served from 1998 to 2003. He was succeeded by Mr. Larry Martin, who served as principal from 2003 to 2009. The O'Connor library is named in Mr. Martin's honor. Ms. Jacqueline Horras is the current principal. O'Connor High School serves the entire town of Helotes and a small part of the larger central city of San Antonio. The campus comprises over 15 limestone buildings and the walkways are mostly outdoors. In 2017, the school was rated \"Met Standard\" by the Texas Education Agency.. Students can participate in a wide variety of school sports including: Most school sports have practices and home games at O'Connor High itself, however, the football team, soccer team, and swimming & diving team uses. The Dub Farris Athletic Complex off of Loop 1604 and Bamberger Trail for practice and home venues. O'Connor has the largest and most expansive Future Farmers of America complex in the Northside Independent School District. The Agriculture Department at O'Connor is a unique program in which students learn a wide variety of agricultural techniques in a hands-on environment."], "answer": {"text": "transjudicialism", "answer_start": 782}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what did Sandra Day O'Connor do with foreign law?", "answer": {"text": "judicial decisions should not be based on any foreign laws, court decisions, or pronouncements of foreign governments", "answer_start": 1278, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did she show this?", "answer": {"text": "n]o authority shall prevail over the judgement of a judge, and under no circumstances may the course of justice be interfered with.\"", "answer_start": 1594, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In her retirement, she has continued to speak and organize conferences on the issue of judicial independence.", "answer_start": 220, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ed7e711f13b4474891dca6e5c1764d0_1_q#0", "question": "Some examples of Leonard Nimoy's stage work?", "rewrite": "Some examples of Leonard Nimoy's stage work?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Remembering Leonard Nimoy Remembering Leonard Nimoy: His Life, Legacy and Battle with COPD is a 2017 American biographical documentary film about Leonard Nimoy and his battle with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It was produced and directed by his daughter and son-in-law, Julie Nimoy and David Knight. The film focuses on the life and career of actor Leonard Nimoy and his battle with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Narrated by his daughter Julie with special voice over provided by \"Star Trek\" actor John de Lancie. The goal of the producers was to celebrate Leonard Nimoy\u2019s life and continue his wish to create awareness and prevention for COPD. The film features interviews with his immediate family, personal physician, private nurse along with lung disease experts. In January 2014, Leonard Nimoy appeared on the Piers Morgan (CNN) show announcing that he had and was suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. From that point on Leonard Nimoy acted as an advocate and activist for COPD, frequently posting on social media to educate his followers about COPD and the dangers of smoking. It was this that resulted in Julie Nimoy and David Knight's idea for a film whose original vision was to focus on COPD and Leonard Nimoy's ongoing battle with the progressive disease. With the death of Leonard Nimoy in 2015, the focus of the film was expanded to become a remembrance of Nimoy's life. With the assistance from both commercial and private contributors, Julie Nimoy and David Knight began production in January 2016. The film had a number of working titles including < nowiki>\"COPD: The Logical Way to Improve Lung Function and Breathe Better \", \"COPD: \"", "Development of Spock The development of Spock, a fictional character first introduced in the American science fiction television series \"\", began prior to the start of the series. The first known mention of Spock was in a discussion between Gene Roddenberry and Gary Lockwood, where the latter suggested Leonard Nimoy for the role. Roddenberry agreed with the suggestion, and Nimoy became the first choice actor for the part. However, Roddenberry was required to audition other actors for the role. It was offered to both DeForest Kelley and Martin Landau before Nimoy, who accepted the part. The actor disliked the prosthetic ears he was required to wear, and there were concerns from the studio that they made him appear satanic. Roddenberry fought to keep the character in the second pilot, \"Where No Man Has Gone Before\" after the rest of the main cast was dropped from the initial pilot, \"\". Leonard Nimoy reveals he wasn't Gene Roddenberry's first choice to play Spock during an interview segment of TV Land's 40th Anniversary \"Star Trek\" Marathon on November 12, 2006 Leonard Nimoy stated that Gene Roddenberry's first choice to play Spock was George Lindsey. Because of the flippant way Nimoy makes the comment it has been suggested that he was joking. The claim Lindsey was offered the role is given more credibility when Lindsey's close friend Ernest Borgnine wrote in his autobiography, \"my hand to God - he turned down the part of Mr. Spock on TV's Star Trek, the role that made Leonard Nimoy famous.\" Soon after the series began broadcasting, \"Spockmania\" began. Both NBC and individual studios demanded a more prominent role for the character due to the fan response. Prior to the , Nimoy renegotiated his salary.", "Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy is Leonard Nimoy's second album released shortly after \"Music from Outer Space\". It was released in early 1968 by Dot Records. The album is a continuation of the \"Spock and Space\" sound on which Nimoy embarked on his debut album. Side one showcases the side fans know as Mr. Spock but in a softer light, along with his struggle between being human and Vulcan. Side two represents Nimoy's interests in a variety of songs: novelty, pop, country and love songs. Side one of this album is presented on the Var\u00e8se Sarabande Records 1995 reissue of \"Leonard Nimoy Presents Mr. Spock's Music from Outer Space\". Review of \"Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy\" at maidenwine.com, a detailed Leonard Nimoy fan site.", "For the Love of Spock For the Love of Spock is a 2016 American documentary film about actor Leonard Nimoy produced by 455 Films and directed by his son Adam Nimoy, who started it before his February 27, 2015 death. It deals with the story of the character, its impact in science fiction and popular culture, and the burden its fame posed on Leonard Nimoy's personal and family life, from his son's point of view. The film looks at the life and career of actor Leonard Nimoy, and his iconic character Mr. Spock. It includes interviews with cast, crew and people connected with \"Star Trek\", fans at conventions, as well as personal memories. As Odie Henderson from RogerEbert.com points out, \"'For the Love of Spock' is more than just catnip for Trekkies. It\u2019s also an often painful examination of the rocky father/son relationship that existed between filmmaker Adam Nimoy and his famous father, Leonard.\" By Thanksgiving 2014, Adam Nimoy started working with his father in a documentary about Spock, to commemorate \"\"\u2019s 50th anniversary. After Leonard Nimoy's passing on February 27, 2015, the outpouring of affection from \"Star Trek\" fans prompted him to widen the film\u2019s scope to encompass his father\u2019s life and career beyond Spock. To license Spock's still photographs and film clips from television and feature films in time to complete the documentary by 2016, Adam Nimoy launched a Kickstarter campaign in June 2015, aiming to collect US$600,000 in one month which attracted worldwide interest. By the end of the campaign, 9,439 backers pledged US$662,640, making it the most successful crowdfund of the period.", "Leonard Nimoy discography In December 1966, when it became apparent that the original \"\" was developing a strong following in spite of low Nielsen ratings, Dot Records approached the producers of the show. The result was the signing of Leonard Nimoy to that label. Dot Records was a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures, and both Paramount and Desilu - the studio producing \"Star Trek\" - were acquired by Gulf+Western, first Paramount in 1966 and Desilu in 1967. So after the merger of the two companies Nimoy wound up working for Paramount both as an actor (from 1966 to 1971) and singer (from 1967 to 1970), doing two television series (\"Star Trek\" and \"\") and five albums (the Paramount record label holdings now belong to Universal Music Group, who also owns the record label holdings of Paramount's one-time sister studio DreamWorks). Later Nimoy recorded a few spoken word albums. Released 1972 by Pickwick Records (SPC-3199) and (with a different cover and simply titled \"Leonard Nimoy\") by Sears (SPS-491) Side 1 Side 2 Released in 1974 by the Famous Music Corp. (PAS-2-1030) as a \"Famous Twinset\" Side 1 Side 2 Side 3 Side 4 Released in 1993 by Rev-Ola Records (CREV 017CD) Full title \"Spaced Out - The Very Best of Leonard Nimoy & William Shatner\"
Released in 1997 by Universal Music International Ltd. (UMD 80455)
\u2117 & \u00a9 1997 MCA Records, Inc. William Shatner's tracks were taken from his 1968 Decca album \"The Transformed Man\""], "answer": {"text": "In 1971 he played the starring role of Tevye", "answer_start": 316}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_8ed7e711f13b4474891dca6e5c1764d0_1_q#1", "question": "Did he do any other stage work ?", "rewrite": "Did Leonard Nimoy do any other stage work aside from the starring role of Tevye?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 2000-2001 he hosted CNBC TV series The Next Wave With Leonard Nimoy, which explored how e-businesses were integrating with technology and the Internet. He also had a character part as a psychiatrist in Philip Kaufman's remake of Invasion of the Body Snatchers. Nimoy also won acclaim for a series of stage roles. In 1971 he played the starring role of Tevye in Fiddler on the Roof, which toured for eight weeks. Nimoy, who had performed in the Yiddish theater as a young man, said the part was like a \"homecoming\" for him, explaining that his parents, like Tevye, also came from a shtetl in Russia and could relate to the play when they saw him in it. Later that year he starred as Arthur Goldman in The Man in the Glass Booth at the Old Globe Theater in San Diego. He starred as Randle McMurphy in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest in 1974, a year prior to its release as a feature film, with Jack Nicholson in the same role. During the run of the play, Nimoy took over as its director and wanted his character to be \"rough and tough,\" and insisted on having tattoos. The costumer for the show, Sharon White, was amused: \"That was sort of an intimate thing. . . . Here I am with Mr. Spock, for god's sakes, and I am painting pictures on his arms.\" In 1975 he toured with and played the title role in the Royal Shakespeare Company's Sherlock Holmes. A number of authors have noted parallels between the rational Holmes and the character of Spock, and it became a running theme in Star Trek fan clubs. Star Trek writer Nicholas Meyer said that \"the link between Spock and Holmes was obvious to everyone.\"", "Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy is Leonard Nimoy's second album released shortly after \"Music from Outer Space\". It was released in early 1968 by Dot Records. The album is a continuation of the \"Spock and Space\" sound on which Nimoy embarked on his debut album. Side one showcases the side fans know as Mr. Spock but in a softer light, along with his struggle between being human and Vulcan. Side two represents Nimoy's interests in a variety of songs: novelty, pop, country and love songs. Side one of this album is presented on the Var\u00e8se Sarabande Records 1995 reissue of \"Leonard Nimoy Presents Mr. Spock's Music from Outer Space\". Review of \"Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy\" at maidenwine.com, a detailed Leonard Nimoy fan site.", "For the Love of Spock For the Love of Spock is a 2016 American documentary film about actor Leonard Nimoy produced by 455 Films and directed by his son Adam Nimoy, who started it before his February 27, 2015 death. It deals with the story of the character, its impact in science fiction and popular culture, and the burden its fame posed on Leonard Nimoy's personal and family life, from his son's point of view. The film looks at the life and career of actor Leonard Nimoy, and his iconic character Mr. Spock. It includes interviews with cast, crew and people connected with \"Star Trek\", fans at conventions, as well as personal memories. As Odie Henderson from RogerEbert.com points out, \"'For the Love of Spock' is more than just catnip for Trekkies. It\u2019s also an often painful examination of the rocky father/son relationship that existed between filmmaker Adam Nimoy and his famous father, Leonard.\" By Thanksgiving 2014, Adam Nimoy started working with his father in a documentary about Spock, to commemorate \"\"\u2019s 50th anniversary. After Leonard Nimoy's passing on February 27, 2015, the outpouring of affection from \"Star Trek\" fans prompted him to widen the film\u2019s scope to encompass his father\u2019s life and career beyond Spock. To license Spock's still photographs and film clips from television and feature films in time to complete the documentary by 2016, Adam Nimoy launched a Kickstarter campaign in June 2015, aiming to collect US$600,000 in one month which attracted worldwide interest. By the end of the campaign, 9,439 backers pledged US$662,640, making it the most successful crowdfund of the period.", "Development of Spock The development of Spock, a fictional character first introduced in the American science fiction television series \"\", began prior to the start of the series. The first known mention of Spock was in a discussion between Gene Roddenberry and Gary Lockwood, where the latter suggested Leonard Nimoy for the role. Roddenberry agreed with the suggestion, and Nimoy became the first choice actor for the part. However, Roddenberry was required to audition other actors for the role. It was offered to both DeForest Kelley and Martin Landau before Nimoy, who accepted the part. The actor disliked the prosthetic ears he was required to wear, and there were concerns from the studio that they made him appear satanic. Roddenberry fought to keep the character in the second pilot, \"Where No Man Has Gone Before\" after the rest of the main cast was dropped from the initial pilot, \"\". Leonard Nimoy reveals he wasn't Gene Roddenberry's first choice to play Spock during an interview segment of TV Land's 40th Anniversary \"Star Trek\" Marathon on November 12, 2006 Leonard Nimoy stated that Gene Roddenberry's first choice to play Spock was George Lindsey. Because of the flippant way Nimoy makes the comment it has been suggested that he was joking. The claim Lindsey was offered the role is given more credibility when Lindsey's close friend Ernest Borgnine wrote in his autobiography, \"my hand to God - he turned down the part of Mr. Spock on TV's Star Trek, the role that made Leonard Nimoy famous.\" Soon after the series began broadcasting, \"Spockmania\" began. Both NBC and individual studios demanded a more prominent role for the character due to the fan response. Prior to the , Nimoy renegotiated his salary.", "Remembering Leonard Nimoy Remembering Leonard Nimoy: His Life, Legacy and Battle with COPD is a 2017 American biographical documentary film about Leonard Nimoy and his battle with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It was produced and directed by his daughter and son-in-law, Julie Nimoy and David Knight. The film focuses on the life and career of actor Leonard Nimoy and his battle with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Narrated by his daughter Julie with special voice over provided by \"Star Trek\" actor John de Lancie. The goal of the producers was to celebrate Leonard Nimoy\u2019s life and continue his wish to create awareness and prevention for COPD. The film features interviews with his immediate family, personal physician, private nurse along with lung disease experts. In January 2014, Leonard Nimoy appeared on the Piers Morgan (CNN) show announcing that he had and was suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. From that point on Leonard Nimoy acted as an advocate and activist for COPD, frequently posting on social media to educate his followers about COPD and the dangers of smoking. It was this that resulted in Julie Nimoy and David Knight's idea for a film whose original vision was to focus on COPD and Leonard Nimoy's ongoing battle with the progressive disease. With the death of Leonard Nimoy in 2015, the focus of the film was expanded to become a remembrance of Nimoy's life. With the assistance from both commercial and private contributors, Julie Nimoy and David Knight began production in January 2016. The film had a number of working titles including < nowiki>\"COPD: The Logical Way to Improve Lung Function and Breathe Better \", \"COPD: \""], "answer": {"text": "Later that year he starred as Arthur Goldman in The Man in the Glass Booth at the Old Globe Theater in San Diego.", "answer_start": 655}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Some examples of Leonard Nimoy's stage work?", "answer": {"text": "In 1971 he played the starring role of Tevye", "answer_start": 316, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ed7e711f13b4474891dca6e5c1764d0_1_q#3", "question": "What was interesting or unique about his stage work?", "rewrite": "What was interesting or unique about Leonard Nimoy's stage work?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Remembering Leonard Nimoy Remembering Leonard Nimoy: His Life, Legacy and Battle with COPD is a 2017 American biographical documentary film about Leonard Nimoy and his battle with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It was produced and directed by his daughter and son-in-law, Julie Nimoy and David Knight. The film focuses on the life and career of actor Leonard Nimoy and his battle with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Narrated by his daughter Julie with special voice over provided by \"Star Trek\" actor John de Lancie. The goal of the producers was to celebrate Leonard Nimoy\u2019s life and continue his wish to create awareness and prevention for COPD. The film features interviews with his immediate family, personal physician, private nurse along with lung disease experts. In January 2014, Leonard Nimoy appeared on the Piers Morgan (CNN) show announcing that he had and was suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. From that point on Leonard Nimoy acted as an advocate and activist for COPD, frequently posting on social media to educate his followers about COPD and the dangers of smoking. It was this that resulted in Julie Nimoy and David Knight's idea for a film whose original vision was to focus on COPD and Leonard Nimoy's ongoing battle with the progressive disease. With the death of Leonard Nimoy in 2015, the focus of the film was expanded to become a remembrance of Nimoy's life. With the assistance from both commercial and private contributors, Julie Nimoy and David Knight began production in January 2016. The film had a number of working titles including < nowiki>\"COPD: The Logical Way to Improve Lung Function and Breathe Better \", \"COPD: \"", "Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy is Leonard Nimoy's second album released shortly after \"Music from Outer Space\". It was released in early 1968 by Dot Records. The album is a continuation of the \"Spock and Space\" sound on which Nimoy embarked on his debut album. Side one showcases the side fans know as Mr. Spock but in a softer light, along with his struggle between being human and Vulcan. Side two represents Nimoy's interests in a variety of songs: novelty, pop, country and love songs. Side one of this album is presented on the Var\u00e8se Sarabande Records 1995 reissue of \"Leonard Nimoy Presents Mr. Spock's Music from Outer Space\". Review of \"Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy\" at maidenwine.com, a detailed Leonard Nimoy fan site.", "Development of Spock The development of Spock, a fictional character first introduced in the American science fiction television series \"\", began prior to the start of the series. The first known mention of Spock was in a discussion between Gene Roddenberry and Gary Lockwood, where the latter suggested Leonard Nimoy for the role. Roddenberry agreed with the suggestion, and Nimoy became the first choice actor for the part. However, Roddenberry was required to audition other actors for the role. It was offered to both DeForest Kelley and Martin Landau before Nimoy, who accepted the part. The actor disliked the prosthetic ears he was required to wear, and there were concerns from the studio that they made him appear satanic. Roddenberry fought to keep the character in the second pilot, \"Where No Man Has Gone Before\" after the rest of the main cast was dropped from the initial pilot, \"\". Leonard Nimoy reveals he wasn't Gene Roddenberry's first choice to play Spock during an interview segment of TV Land's 40th Anniversary \"Star Trek\" Marathon on November 12, 2006 Leonard Nimoy stated that Gene Roddenberry's first choice to play Spock was George Lindsey. Because of the flippant way Nimoy makes the comment it has been suggested that he was joking. The claim Lindsey was offered the role is given more credibility when Lindsey's close friend Ernest Borgnine wrote in his autobiography, \"my hand to God - he turned down the part of Mr. Spock on TV's Star Trek, the role that made Leonard Nimoy famous.\" Soon after the series began broadcasting, \"Spockmania\" began. Both NBC and individual studios demanded a more prominent role for the character due to the fan response. Prior to the , Nimoy renegotiated his salary.", "For the Love of Spock For the Love of Spock is a 2016 American documentary film about actor Leonard Nimoy produced by 455 Films and directed by his son Adam Nimoy, who started it before his February 27, 2015 death. It deals with the story of the character, its impact in science fiction and popular culture, and the burden its fame posed on Leonard Nimoy's personal and family life, from his son's point of view. The film looks at the life and career of actor Leonard Nimoy, and his iconic character Mr. Spock. It includes interviews with cast, crew and people connected with \"Star Trek\", fans at conventions, as well as personal memories. As Odie Henderson from RogerEbert.com points out, \"'For the Love of Spock' is more than just catnip for Trekkies. It\u2019s also an often painful examination of the rocky father/son relationship that existed between filmmaker Adam Nimoy and his famous father, Leonard.\" By Thanksgiving 2014, Adam Nimoy started working with his father in a documentary about Spock, to commemorate \"\"\u2019s 50th anniversary. After Leonard Nimoy's passing on February 27, 2015, the outpouring of affection from \"Star Trek\" fans prompted him to widen the film\u2019s scope to encompass his father\u2019s life and career beyond Spock. To license Spock's still photographs and film clips from television and feature films in time to complete the documentary by 2016, Adam Nimoy launched a Kickstarter campaign in June 2015, aiming to collect US$600,000 in one month which attracted worldwide interest. By the end of the campaign, 9,439 backers pledged US$662,640, making it the most successful crowdfund of the period.", "Leonard Nimoy discography In December 1966, when it became apparent that the original \"\" was developing a strong following in spite of low Nielsen ratings, Dot Records approached the producers of the show. The result was the signing of Leonard Nimoy to that label. Dot Records was a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures, and both Paramount and Desilu - the studio producing \"Star Trek\" - were acquired by Gulf+Western, first Paramount in 1966 and Desilu in 1967. So after the merger of the two companies Nimoy wound up working for Paramount both as an actor (from 1966 to 1971) and singer (from 1967 to 1970), doing two television series (\"Star Trek\" and \"\") and five albums (the Paramount record label holdings now belong to Universal Music Group, who also owns the record label holdings of Paramount's one-time sister studio DreamWorks). Later Nimoy recorded a few spoken word albums. Released 1972 by Pickwick Records (SPC-3199) and (with a different cover and simply titled \"Leonard Nimoy\") by Sears (SPS-491) Side 1 Side 2 Released in 1974 by the Famous Music Corp. (PAS-2-1030) as a \"Famous Twinset\" Side 1 Side 2 Side 3 Side 4 Released in 1993 by Rev-Ola Records (CREV 017CD) Full title \"Spaced Out - The Very Best of Leonard Nimoy & William Shatner\"
Released in 1997 by Universal Music International Ltd. (UMD 80455)
\u2117 & \u00a9 1997 MCA Records, Inc. William Shatner's tracks were taken from his 1968 Decca album \"The Transformed Man\""], "answer": {"text": "Nimoy, who had performed in the Yiddish theater as a young man, said the part was like a \"homecoming\" for him,", "answer_start": 415}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Some examples of Leonard Nimoy's stage work?", "answer": {"text": "In 1971 he played the starring role of Tevye", "answer_start": 316, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he do any other stage work ?", "answer": {"text": "Later that year he starred as Arthur Goldman in The Man in the Glass Booth at the Old Globe Theater in San Diego.", "answer_start": 655, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was any stage work recognized or awarded?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ed7e711f13b4474891dca6e5c1764d0_1_q#4", "question": "What else did he do?", "rewrite": "What else did Leonard Nimoy do other than The Man in The Glass Booth?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Development of Spock The development of Spock, a fictional character first introduced in the American science fiction television series \"\", began prior to the start of the series. The first known mention of Spock was in a discussion between Gene Roddenberry and Gary Lockwood, where the latter suggested Leonard Nimoy for the role. Roddenberry agreed with the suggestion, and Nimoy became the first choice actor for the part. However, Roddenberry was required to audition other actors for the role. It was offered to both DeForest Kelley and Martin Landau before Nimoy, who accepted the part. The actor disliked the prosthetic ears he was required to wear, and there were concerns from the studio that they made him appear satanic. Roddenberry fought to keep the character in the second pilot, \"Where No Man Has Gone Before\" after the rest of the main cast was dropped from the initial pilot, \"\". Leonard Nimoy reveals he wasn't Gene Roddenberry's first choice to play Spock during an interview segment of TV Land's 40th Anniversary \"Star Trek\" Marathon on November 12, 2006 Leonard Nimoy stated that Gene Roddenberry's first choice to play Spock was George Lindsey. Because of the flippant way Nimoy makes the comment it has been suggested that he was joking. The claim Lindsey was offered the role is given more credibility when Lindsey's close friend Ernest Borgnine wrote in his autobiography, \"my hand to God - he turned down the part of Mr. Spock on TV's Star Trek, the role that made Leonard Nimoy famous.\" Soon after the series began broadcasting, \"Spockmania\" began. Both NBC and individual studios demanded a more prominent role for the character due to the fan response. Prior to the , Nimoy renegotiated his salary.", "In 2000-2001 he hosted CNBC TV series The Next Wave With Leonard Nimoy, which explored how e-businesses were integrating with technology and the Internet. He also had a character part as a psychiatrist in Philip Kaufman's remake of Invasion of the Body Snatchers. Nimoy also won acclaim for a series of stage roles. In 1971 he played the starring role of Tevye in Fiddler on the Roof, which toured for eight weeks. Nimoy, who had performed in the Yiddish theater as a young man, said the part was like a \"homecoming\" for him, explaining that his parents, like Tevye, also came from a shtetl in Russia and could relate to the play when they saw him in it. Later that year he starred as Arthur Goldman in The Man in the Glass Booth at the Old Globe Theater in San Diego. He starred as Randle McMurphy in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest in 1974, a year prior to its release as a feature film, with Jack Nicholson in the same role. During the run of the play, Nimoy took over as its director and wanted his character to be \"rough and tough,\" and insisted on having tattoos. The costumer for the show, Sharon White, was amused: \"That was sort of an intimate thing. . . . Here I am with Mr. Spock, for god's sakes, and I am painting pictures on his arms.\" In 1975 he toured with and played the title role in the Royal Shakespeare Company's Sherlock Holmes. A number of authors have noted parallels between the rational Holmes and the character of Spock, and it became a running theme in Star Trek fan clubs. Star Trek writer Nicholas Meyer said that \"the link between Spock and Holmes was obvious to everyone.\"", "Remembering Leonard Nimoy Remembering Leonard Nimoy: His Life, Legacy and Battle with COPD is a 2017 American biographical documentary film about Leonard Nimoy and his battle with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It was produced and directed by his daughter and son-in-law, Julie Nimoy and David Knight. The film focuses on the life and career of actor Leonard Nimoy and his battle with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Narrated by his daughter Julie with special voice over provided by \"Star Trek\" actor John de Lancie. The goal of the producers was to celebrate Leonard Nimoy\u2019s life and continue his wish to create awareness and prevention for COPD. The film features interviews with his immediate family, personal physician, private nurse along with lung disease experts. In January 2014, Leonard Nimoy appeared on the Piers Morgan (CNN) show announcing that he had and was suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. From that point on Leonard Nimoy acted as an advocate and activist for COPD, frequently posting on social media to educate his followers about COPD and the dangers of smoking. It was this that resulted in Julie Nimoy and David Knight's idea for a film whose original vision was to focus on COPD and Leonard Nimoy's ongoing battle with the progressive disease. With the death of Leonard Nimoy in 2015, the focus of the film was expanded to become a remembrance of Nimoy's life. With the assistance from both commercial and private contributors, Julie Nimoy and David Knight began production in January 2016. The film had a number of working titles including < nowiki>\"COPD: The Logical Way to Improve Lung Function and Breathe Better \", \"COPD: \"", "Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy is Leonard Nimoy's second album released shortly after \"Music from Outer Space\". It was released in early 1968 by Dot Records. The album is a continuation of the \"Spock and Space\" sound on which Nimoy embarked on his debut album. Side one showcases the side fans know as Mr. Spock but in a softer light, along with his struggle between being human and Vulcan. Side two represents Nimoy's interests in a variety of songs: novelty, pop, country and love songs. Side one of this album is presented on the Var\u00e8se Sarabande Records 1995 reissue of \"Leonard Nimoy Presents Mr. Spock's Music from Outer Space\". Review of \"Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy\" at maidenwine.com, a detailed Leonard Nimoy fan site.", "For the Love of Spock For the Love of Spock is a 2016 American documentary film about actor Leonard Nimoy produced by 455 Films and directed by his son Adam Nimoy, who started it before his February 27, 2015 death. It deals with the story of the character, its impact in science fiction and popular culture, and the burden its fame posed on Leonard Nimoy's personal and family life, from his son's point of view. The film looks at the life and career of actor Leonard Nimoy, and his iconic character Mr. Spock. It includes interviews with cast, crew and people connected with \"Star Trek\", fans at conventions, as well as personal memories. As Odie Henderson from RogerEbert.com points out, \"'For the Love of Spock' is more than just catnip for Trekkies. It\u2019s also an often painful examination of the rocky father/son relationship that existed between filmmaker Adam Nimoy and his famous father, Leonard.\" By Thanksgiving 2014, Adam Nimoy started working with his father in a documentary about Spock, to commemorate \"\"\u2019s 50th anniversary. After Leonard Nimoy's passing on February 27, 2015, the outpouring of affection from \"Star Trek\" fans prompted him to widen the film\u2019s scope to encompass his father\u2019s life and career beyond Spock. To license Spock's still photographs and film clips from television and feature films in time to complete the documentary by 2016, Adam Nimoy launched a Kickstarter campaign in June 2015, aiming to collect US$600,000 in one month which attracted worldwide interest. By the end of the campaign, 9,439 backers pledged US$662,640, making it the most successful crowdfund of the period."], "answer": {"text": "He starred as Randle McMurphy in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest in 1974,", "answer_start": 769}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Some examples of Leonard Nimoy's stage work?", "answer": {"text": "In 1971 he played the starring role of Tevye", "answer_start": 316, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he do any other stage work ?", "answer": {"text": "Later that year he starred as Arthur Goldman in The Man in the Glass Booth at the Old Globe Theater in San Diego.", "answer_start": 655, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was any stage work recognized or awarded?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was interesting or unique about his stage work?", "answer": {"text": "Nimoy, who had performed in the Yiddish theater as a young man, said the part was like a \"homecoming\" for him,", "answer_start": 415, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ed7e711f13b4474891dca6e5c1764d0_1_q#5", "question": "Any other stage work worth mentioning?", "rewrite": "Besides One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, did Leonard Nimoy do any other stage work worth mentioning?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy is Leonard Nimoy's second album released shortly after \"Music from Outer Space\". It was released in early 1968 by Dot Records. The album is a continuation of the \"Spock and Space\" sound on which Nimoy embarked on his debut album. Side one showcases the side fans know as Mr. Spock but in a softer light, along with his struggle between being human and Vulcan. Side two represents Nimoy's interests in a variety of songs: novelty, pop, country and love songs. Side one of this album is presented on the Var\u00e8se Sarabande Records 1995 reissue of \"Leonard Nimoy Presents Mr. Spock's Music from Outer Space\". Review of \"Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy\" at maidenwine.com, a detailed Leonard Nimoy fan site.", "For the Love of Spock For the Love of Spock is a 2016 American documentary film about actor Leonard Nimoy produced by 455 Films and directed by his son Adam Nimoy, who started it before his February 27, 2015 death. It deals with the story of the character, its impact in science fiction and popular culture, and the burden its fame posed on Leonard Nimoy's personal and family life, from his son's point of view. The film looks at the life and career of actor Leonard Nimoy, and his iconic character Mr. Spock. It includes interviews with cast, crew and people connected with \"Star Trek\", fans at conventions, as well as personal memories. As Odie Henderson from RogerEbert.com points out, \"'For the Love of Spock' is more than just catnip for Trekkies. It\u2019s also an often painful examination of the rocky father/son relationship that existed between filmmaker Adam Nimoy and his famous father, Leonard.\" By Thanksgiving 2014, Adam Nimoy started working with his father in a documentary about Spock, to commemorate \"\"\u2019s 50th anniversary. After Leonard Nimoy's passing on February 27, 2015, the outpouring of affection from \"Star Trek\" fans prompted him to widen the film\u2019s scope to encompass his father\u2019s life and career beyond Spock. To license Spock's still photographs and film clips from television and feature films in time to complete the documentary by 2016, Adam Nimoy launched a Kickstarter campaign in June 2015, aiming to collect US$600,000 in one month which attracted worldwide interest. By the end of the campaign, 9,439 backers pledged US$662,640, making it the most successful crowdfund of the period.", "Remembering Leonard Nimoy Remembering Leonard Nimoy: His Life, Legacy and Battle with COPD is a 2017 American biographical documentary film about Leonard Nimoy and his battle with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It was produced and directed by his daughter and son-in-law, Julie Nimoy and David Knight. The film focuses on the life and career of actor Leonard Nimoy and his battle with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Narrated by his daughter Julie with special voice over provided by \"Star Trek\" actor John de Lancie. The goal of the producers was to celebrate Leonard Nimoy\u2019s life and continue his wish to create awareness and prevention for COPD. The film features interviews with his immediate family, personal physician, private nurse along with lung disease experts. In January 2014, Leonard Nimoy appeared on the Piers Morgan (CNN) show announcing that he had and was suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. From that point on Leonard Nimoy acted as an advocate and activist for COPD, frequently posting on social media to educate his followers about COPD and the dangers of smoking. It was this that resulted in Julie Nimoy and David Knight's idea for a film whose original vision was to focus on COPD and Leonard Nimoy's ongoing battle with the progressive disease. With the death of Leonard Nimoy in 2015, the focus of the film was expanded to become a remembrance of Nimoy's life. With the assistance from both commercial and private contributors, Julie Nimoy and David Knight began production in January 2016. The film had a number of working titles including < nowiki>\"COPD: The Logical Way to Improve Lung Function and Breathe Better \", \"COPD: \"", "Development of Spock The development of Spock, a fictional character first introduced in the American science fiction television series \"\", began prior to the start of the series. The first known mention of Spock was in a discussion between Gene Roddenberry and Gary Lockwood, where the latter suggested Leonard Nimoy for the role. Roddenberry agreed with the suggestion, and Nimoy became the first choice actor for the part. However, Roddenberry was required to audition other actors for the role. It was offered to both DeForest Kelley and Martin Landau before Nimoy, who accepted the part. The actor disliked the prosthetic ears he was required to wear, and there were concerns from the studio that they made him appear satanic. Roddenberry fought to keep the character in the second pilot, \"Where No Man Has Gone Before\" after the rest of the main cast was dropped from the initial pilot, \"\". Leonard Nimoy reveals he wasn't Gene Roddenberry's first choice to play Spock during an interview segment of TV Land's 40th Anniversary \"Star Trek\" Marathon on November 12, 2006 Leonard Nimoy stated that Gene Roddenberry's first choice to play Spock was George Lindsey. Because of the flippant way Nimoy makes the comment it has been suggested that he was joking. The claim Lindsey was offered the role is given more credibility when Lindsey's close friend Ernest Borgnine wrote in his autobiography, \"my hand to God - he turned down the part of Mr. Spock on TV's Star Trek, the role that made Leonard Nimoy famous.\" Soon after the series began broadcasting, \"Spockmania\" began. Both NBC and individual studios demanded a more prominent role for the character due to the fan response. Prior to the , Nimoy renegotiated his salary.", "Leonard Nimoy discography In December 1966, when it became apparent that the original \"\" was developing a strong following in spite of low Nielsen ratings, Dot Records approached the producers of the show. The result was the signing of Leonard Nimoy to that label. Dot Records was a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures, and both Paramount and Desilu - the studio producing \"Star Trek\" - were acquired by Gulf+Western, first Paramount in 1966 and Desilu in 1967. So after the merger of the two companies Nimoy wound up working for Paramount both as an actor (from 1966 to 1971) and singer (from 1967 to 1970), doing two television series (\"Star Trek\" and \"\") and five albums (the Paramount record label holdings now belong to Universal Music Group, who also owns the record label holdings of Paramount's one-time sister studio DreamWorks). Later Nimoy recorded a few spoken word albums. Released 1972 by Pickwick Records (SPC-3199) and (with a different cover and simply titled \"Leonard Nimoy\") by Sears (SPS-491) Side 1 Side 2 Released in 1974 by the Famous Music Corp. (PAS-2-1030) as a \"Famous Twinset\" Side 1 Side 2 Side 3 Side 4 Released in 1993 by Rev-Ola Records (CREV 017CD) Full title \"Spaced Out - The Very Best of Leonard Nimoy & William Shatner\"
Released in 1997 by Universal Music International Ltd. (UMD 80455)
\u2117 & \u00a9 1997 MCA Records, Inc. William Shatner's tracks were taken from his 1968 Decca album \"The Transformed Man\""], "answer": {"text": "In 1975 he toured with and played the title role in the Royal Shakespeare Company's Sherlock Holmes.", "answer_start": 1250}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Some examples of Leonard Nimoy's stage work?", "answer": {"text": "In 1971 he played the starring role of Tevye", "answer_start": 316, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he do any other stage work ?", "answer": {"text": "Later that year he starred as Arthur Goldman in The Man in the Glass Booth at the Old Globe Theater in San Diego.", "answer_start": 655, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was any stage work recognized or awarded?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was interesting or unique about his stage work?", "answer": {"text": "Nimoy, who had performed in the Yiddish theater as a young man, said the part was like a \"homecoming\" for him,", "answer_start": 415, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What else did he do?", "answer": {"text": "He starred as Randle McMurphy in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest in 1974,", "answer_start": 769, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ed7e711f13b4474891dca6e5c1764d0_1_q#6", "question": "What else did he do on stage?", "rewrite": "What else did Leonard Nimoy do on stage, in addition to Sherlock Holmes?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy is Leonard Nimoy's second album released shortly after \"Music from Outer Space\". It was released in early 1968 by Dot Records. The album is a continuation of the \"Spock and Space\" sound on which Nimoy embarked on his debut album. Side one showcases the side fans know as Mr. Spock but in a softer light, along with his struggle between being human and Vulcan. Side two represents Nimoy's interests in a variety of songs: novelty, pop, country and love songs. Side one of this album is presented on the Var\u00e8se Sarabande Records 1995 reissue of \"Leonard Nimoy Presents Mr. Spock's Music from Outer Space\". Review of \"Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy\" at maidenwine.com, a detailed Leonard Nimoy fan site.", "Sherlock Holmes fandom Sherlock Holmes fandom is an international, informal community of fans of the works of Arthur Conan Doyle, especially of the Canon of Sherlock Holmes. The fans are known as Sherlockian or Holmesian. Fans of the literary detective Sherlock Holmes are widely considered to have comprised the first modern fandom, holding public demonstrations of mourning after Holmes was \"killed off\" in 1893, and creating some of the first fan fiction as early as about 1897 to 1902. Noted Sherlockian John Bennett Shaw compiled a list of 100 books, pamphlets, and periodicals essential for Sherlockian study entitled \"The Basic Holmesian Library\". The list, along with Shaw's extensive Sherlock Holmes Library, resides at the University of Minnesota Libraries where it was donated a year after his death. Fans often play \"The Great Game\", contending that Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson were real people and Conan Doyle was merely Watson's literary agent. Many authors have authored \"biographies\" of Sherlock Holmes such as William S. Baring-Gould's \"Sherlock Holmes of Baker Street\", Nick Rennison's \"\". Both Baring-Gould and Leslie S. Klinger have edited annotated editions of the Canon of Sherlock Holmes. in 1934, Christopher Morley hosted a dinner in New York City in honor of Sherlock Holmes which led to the formation of The Baker Street Irregulars. Later that same year in London, England the Sherlock Holmes Society was formed. Since that time, organizations have formed all over the world devoted to Sherlock Holmes with Japan being home to the largest society. Various cookbooks with a Victorian era Sherlockian theme have been published over the years. 1976 brought both \"Dining with Sherlock Holmes: A Baker Street Cookbook\" by Julia Rosenblatt and Frederic H. Sonnenschmidt as well as \"Sherlock Holmes Cookbook\" by Sean M. Wright and John Farrell.", "In 1928 there was another brief Broadway revival with Robert Warwick as Holmes, Stanley Logan as Watson and Frank Keenan as Moriarty. The production opened February 20, 1928, at the Cosmopolitan Theatre in New York City, and ran for 16 performances. The Royal Shakespeare Company revived the play in 1973. Directed by Frank Dunlop and starring John Wood as Holmes, the play was a huge success, which led to a move to Broadway in November 1974 and a subsequent tour. By the end of its Broadway run, the play had been performed 471 times. Wood was succeeded as Holmes by John Neville, Robert Stephens, and Leonard Nimoy; the first two had both played the detective before (Neville in \"A Study in Terror\" and Stephens in \"The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes\".) Dunlop was nominated for a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director of a Play. Frank Langella first performed the part in 1977 at the Williamstown Theatre Festival in Massachusetts. He took on the role once more for a production taped for HBO's \"Standing Room Only\" program in 1981. This would be only the second theater production to be undertaken by HBO. In 1916, a silent film of the play also entitled \"Sherlock Holmes\" featured William Gillette in the role of Holmes and has been called \"the most elaborate of the early movies\". It is one of the earliest American film adaptations of the Holmes character. Long thought to be a lost film, a print of the film was found in the Cin\u00e9math\u00e8que Fran\u00e7aise's collection in October 2014. It was restored and screened in 2015. The play was once again filmed in 1922, this time with John Barrymore donning the deerstalker. 1932 brought another adaptation of Gillette's play, with Clive Brook taking over the role in \"Sherlock Holmes\".", "In fact, most stories, particularly \"The Adventure of the Copper Beeches\", described him as preferring a long-stemmed cherry-wood or a clay pipe. In the first twenty years of the 20th century, Harry Arthur Saintsbury played Holmes on stage in Gillette\u2019s play more than 1,400 times. In subsequent revivals of this production, Holmes was played by John Wood, John Neville, Patrick Horgan, Robert Stephens and Leonard Nimoy. Frank Langella played Holmes in a 1981 production for HBO. In 1923 the play \"The Return of Sherlock Holmes\" ran for 130 performances at the Princes Theatre, London. It was written by Arthur Rose and J. E. Harold Terry, and starred Eille Norwood as Holmes and H. G. Stoker as Watson. One of the performances was attended by Conan Doyle. The play \"Sherlock's Last Case\" by Charles Marowitz ran on Broadway in 1987, starring Frank Langella. \"The Secret of Sherlock Holmes\" by Jeremy Paul was staged in London's West End in 1988, with Jeremy Brett and Edward Hardwicke reprising their television roles as Holmes and Watson. It was revived in the summer of 2010 at the Duchess Theatre, this time starring television actors Peter Egan as Holmes and Robert Daws as Watson. Two musicals -- \"Baker Street\" in 1965, and \"\" in 1988\u2014have been written around Holmes, as well as a ballet. \"Sherlock & Watson: Behind Closed Doors\", a short play by Darren Stewart-Jones premiered at the Gay Play Day LGBTQ theatre festival in Toronto in 2013 and also played both the Hamilton Fringe Festival and the London One Act Festival in Ontario, Canada in 2014. The play imagines a romantic involvement between the two characters.", "Remembering Leonard Nimoy Remembering Leonard Nimoy: His Life, Legacy and Battle with COPD is a 2017 American biographical documentary film about Leonard Nimoy and his battle with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It was produced and directed by his daughter and son-in-law, Julie Nimoy and David Knight. The film focuses on the life and career of actor Leonard Nimoy and his battle with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Narrated by his daughter Julie with special voice over provided by \"Star Trek\" actor John de Lancie. The goal of the producers was to celebrate Leonard Nimoy\u2019s life and continue his wish to create awareness and prevention for COPD. The film features interviews with his immediate family, personal physician, private nurse along with lung disease experts. In January 2014, Leonard Nimoy appeared on the Piers Morgan (CNN) show announcing that he had and was suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. From that point on Leonard Nimoy acted as an advocate and activist for COPD, frequently posting on social media to educate his followers about COPD and the dangers of smoking. It was this that resulted in Julie Nimoy and David Knight's idea for a film whose original vision was to focus on COPD and Leonard Nimoy's ongoing battle with the progressive disease. With the death of Leonard Nimoy in 2015, the focus of the film was expanded to become a remembrance of Nimoy's life. With the assistance from both commercial and private contributors, Julie Nimoy and David Knight began production in January 2016. The film had a number of working titles including < nowiki>\"COPD: The Logical Way to Improve Lung Function and Breathe Better \", \"COPD: \""], "answer": {"text": "Nimoy played Martin Dysart in Equus on Broadway,", "answer_start": 343}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Some examples of Leonard Nimoy's stage work?", "answer": {"text": "In 1971 he played the starring role of Tevye", "answer_start": 316, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he do any other stage work ?", "answer": {"text": "Later that year he starred as Arthur Goldman in The Man in the Glass Booth at the Old Globe Theater in San Diego.", "answer_start": 655, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was any stage work recognized or awarded?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was interesting or unique about his stage work?", "answer": {"text": "Nimoy, who had performed in the Yiddish theater as a young man, said the part was like a \"homecoming\" for him,", "answer_start": 415, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What else did he do?", "answer": {"text": "He starred as Randle McMurphy in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest in 1974,", "answer_start": 769, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Any other stage work worth mentioning?", "answer": {"text": "In 1975 he toured with and played the title role in the Royal Shakespeare Company's Sherlock Holmes.", "answer_start": 1250, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_402a1f3800d940649b0aa2b8219f3442_0_q#0", "question": "Who did Maradona manage?", "rewrite": "Who did Maradona manage?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["New Maradona New Maradona or New Diego is a title given by the press and public to promising Argentine football players in reference (and reverence) to Diego Maradona as a benchmark. Since Maradona retired, people have been anticipating someone to lead the Argentine national team to a World Cup final, like Maradona did twice. As a consequence, very talented youngsters are quickly labeled as a \"New Maradona\" (for example Lionel Messi or Juan Rom\u00e1n Riquelme), sometimes without any similarity in playing style (such as Franco Di Santo). The \"New Maradonas\" are predominantly players in attacking or advanced playmaking roles \u2014 forwards, wingers, or attacking midfielders. Although still widely contested among Argentine football players, in recent times the title has been attached to FC Barcelona forward Lionel Messi, an assertion supported by Maradona himself. Maradona and Messi worked together as manager and player for Argentina's national side at the 2010 World Cup, the former thoroughly impressed with the latter's skills. On 18 April 2007, Messi scored a goal against Getafe CF which was very similar to Maradona's Goal of the Century, scored against England in the 1986 World Cup. The world's sports press exploded with Maradona comparisons, and the Spanish press labeled Messi \"Messidona\". On 9 June 2007, in a match against RCD Espanyol, Messi scored a goal using his hand, which drew comparison to the Hand of God goal scored by Maradona in the same World Cup match. On 12 March 2013, Messi scored two goals, and helped create the fourth, to help Barcelona defeat A.C. Milan (4\u20130) in the 2nd leg of their Champions League game and reach the quarter-finals.", "Like Maradona, Messi won the FIFA World Youth Championship, in 2005 with Argentina, and won the Golden Ball. Coincidentally, both players made their national debut against Hungary, and Messi also went on to inherit Maradona's number 10 shirt and role as captain for Argentina. Messi would first wear the number 10 jersey and the captain's armband at an international tournament in the 2010 World Cup, under Maradona as coach. In 2014, Messi captained Argentina, leading them to their first World Cup final since Maradona had last brought them there as captain in 1990, where Argentina were once again defeated 1\u20130 by Germany. Like Maradona in 1986, Messi was awarded the Golden Ball (albeit controversially, a decision which Maradona even criticised), as the tournament's best player, scoring four goals and providing an assist. With this achievement, Maradona and Messi are the only players to win the Golden Ball at both the FIFA U-20 World Cup and FIFA World Cup, with Maradona doing so in 1979 and 1986, while Messi managed the same feat in 2005 and in 2014. Like Maradona in 1986, Messi also made the most successful dribbling runs of any other player throughout the tournament, and knocked out Belgium on the way to the final, drawing further comparisons between the two players. During the tournament, Messi's passionate celebration after scoring the match winning goal against Bosnia and Herzegovina was compared to Maradona's famous goal celebration against Greece in 1994. Furthermore, images surfaced which compared the heavy marking both players faced by the opposition defence at the World Cup. Like Maradona again in 1986, Messi was involved in the vast majority of Argentina's goals.", "Diego Sinagra Diego Armando Maradona Sinagra (born 20 September 1986) is an Italian footballer and beach soccer player, who plays for A.S.D San Giorgio in Italy. He is the son of Argentine national footballer Diego Maradona. Born in Naples, Italy, Diego Armando Maradona Sinagra (Diego Jr. or Dieguito) was the result of an affair between Maradona and a young local woman named Cristiana Sinagra. He was brought up by his mother. He has a half-brother named Diego Fernando Maradona Ojeda, born to his father in 2013. Maradona Sinagra had a passion for football and started playing at a young age showing promise by emulating the skills of his father. At eleven years old he was a part of the Napoli youth squad. Diego Junior represented the Italian national team at under-17 age level. In 2004, the young Maradona Sinagra joined the youth squad of Genoa for a season. An Italian court recognized Maradona's paternity in 1993, but Maradona Sinagra met his father for the first time in 2003, during a golf tournament in Fiuggi. Only in 2007, Maradona recognized Maradona Sinagra, the child born from his relationship with Cristiana Sinagra. There were rumours that Pope Francis, at that time the Archbishop of Buenos Aires, asked Maradona to recognize Maradona Sinagra as his son. Maradona's lawyers have denied this fact. On 10 June 2015, Maradona Sinagra married Nunzia Pennino in a Roman Catholic church in Napoli and received Pope Francis' blessing.", "The hand of God The hand of God is the name given to the goal scored by Argentine footballer Diego Armando Maradona in the quarter-final match between Argentina and England at the 1986 World Cup on 22 June 1986 at the Azteca Stadium in Mexico City. The game ended with a 2\u20131 win for the Argentinians, thanks to the so-called \"Goal of the Century\", also scored by Maradona. After the match, Diego Maradona stated that the goal was scored \"a little with his head and a little with the hand of God\", and from then on the world press baptized the goal. After the first half, the game was still tied. Maradona was beginning to unbalance the match, and with the sixth minute of the second half came one of the most controversial moves in the history of the World Cup: Maradona took the ball out of the box with his left leg and passed it to teammate Jorge Valdano. Valdano tried to take on several English defenders, but the ball was intercepted and thrown back and forth and eventually cleared by English defender Steve Hodge. Because of the inertia of the play, Maradona would have been offsides, but because of the coming of an opponent's ball was correctly enabled. Once he was inside the box and with the ball coming out of the air, Maradona went on to challenge the ball alongside goalkeeper Peter Shilton, who stands 20 centimeters taller than Maradona. Shilton jumped forward with his right hand, while Maradona did so with his left arm outstretched. Maradona's fist, which was raised close to his head, hit the ball first, causing it to bounce into the goal. Maradona nervously began to celebrate, glancing sideways at the referee and the linesman, and relaxed when the goal was validated.", "Differences in rates of movement through the medium are calculated to different retention times of the sample. In 1978, W. Clark Still introduced a modified version of column chromatography called \"flash column chromatography\" (flash). The technique is very similar to the traditional column chromatography, except for that the solvent is driven through the column by applying positive pressure. This allowed most separations to be performed in less than 20 minutes, with improved separations compared to the old method. Modern flash chromatography systems are sold as pre-packed plastic cartridges, and the solvent is pumped through the cartridge. Systems may also be linked with detectors and fraction collectors providing automation. The introduction of gradient pumps resulted in quicker separations and less solvent usage. In expanded bed adsorption, a fluidized bed is used, rather than a solid phase made by a packed bed. This allows omission of initial clearing steps such as centrifugation and filtration, for culture broths or slurries of broken cells. Phosphocellulose chromatography utilizes the binding affinity of many DNA-binding proteins for phosphocellulose. The stronger a protein's interaction with DNA, the higher the salt concentration needed to elute that protein. \"Planar chromatography\" is a separation technique in which the stationary phase is present as or on a plane. The plane can be a paper, serving as such or impregnated by a substance as the stationary bed (paper chromatography) or a layer of solid particles spread on a support such as a glass plate (thin-layer chromatography). Different compounds in the sample mixture travel different distances according to how strongly they interact with the stationary phase as compared to the mobile phase."], "answer": {"text": "After the resignation of Argentina national team coach Alfio Basile in 2008, Maradona immediately proposed his candidacy for the vacant role.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_402a1f3800d940649b0aa2b8219f3442_0_q#4", "question": "What years was Maradona a team manager?", "rewrite": "What years was Maradona a team manager?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hugo Maradona Hugo Hern\u00e1n Maradona (born 9 May 1969), also known as El Turco, is an Argentine Association football coach and former player, he is the brother of legendary player Diego Maradona. He played as a midfielder for clubs in South America, Europe, Japan, and Canada, and was a member of the Argentina U-16 national team. Born in Lan\u00fas, Hugo Maradona is the youngest one of two lesser known brothers of Diego Maradona; the other is Ra\u00fal Maradona. Nevertheless, Hugo Maradona was able to accomplish celebrity on his own, becoming a well liked player in Japan and Italy as well as in his native Argentina. In 1985, he was a part of the Argentina squad that competed at the U-16 World Championship in China. In Argentina's first round match against Congo, he scored two goals to help the team to a 4\u20132 win, which however was one goal short of what Argentina needed to advance past the group stage. During 1987, Hugo Maradona was bought by Ascoli to play in the Italian Serie A championship. He played just 13 matches without scoring a goal, and was sold at the end of the season to Rayo Vallecano in Spain. During 1989 he moved again to Rapid Vienna, and after that experience he went back to Argentina. He played in the J1 League in 1996 and 1998. After retiring from association football as a player, Maradona lived a relatively quiet life in Argentina. In 2004, Hugo Maradona moved part-time to Puerto Rico, where he became part of that country's association football federation's attempt to invigorate the sport among Puerto Ricans by becoming the head coach of the Puerto Rico Islanders, a team in the American USL First Division.", "The hand of God The hand of God is the name given to the goal scored by Argentine footballer Diego Armando Maradona in the quarter-final match between Argentina and England at the 1986 World Cup on 22 June 1986 at the Azteca Stadium in Mexico City. The game ended with a 2\u20131 win for the Argentinians, thanks to the so-called \"Goal of the Century\", also scored by Maradona. After the match, Diego Maradona stated that the goal was scored \"a little with his head and a little with the hand of God\", and from then on the world press baptized the goal. After the first half, the game was still tied. Maradona was beginning to unbalance the match, and with the sixth minute of the second half came one of the most controversial moves in the history of the World Cup: Maradona took the ball out of the box with his left leg and passed it to teammate Jorge Valdano. Valdano tried to take on several English defenders, but the ball was intercepted and thrown back and forth and eventually cleared by English defender Steve Hodge. Because of the inertia of the play, Maradona would have been offsides, but because of the coming of an opponent's ball was correctly enabled. Once he was inside the box and with the ball coming out of the air, Maradona went on to challenge the ball alongside goalkeeper Peter Shilton, who stands 20 centimeters taller than Maradona. Shilton jumped forward with his right hand, while Maradona did so with his left arm outstretched. Maradona's fist, which was raised close to his head, hit the ball first, causing it to bounce into the goal. Maradona nervously began to celebrate, glancing sideways at the referee and the linesman, and relaxed when the goal was validated.", "New Maradona New Maradona or New Diego is a title given by the press and public to promising Argentine football players in reference (and reverence) to Diego Maradona as a benchmark. Since Maradona retired, people have been anticipating someone to lead the Argentine national team to a World Cup final, like Maradona did twice. As a consequence, very talented youngsters are quickly labeled as a \"New Maradona\" (for example Lionel Messi or Juan Rom\u00e1n Riquelme), sometimes without any similarity in playing style (such as Franco Di Santo). The \"New Maradonas\" are predominantly players in attacking or advanced playmaking roles \u2014 forwards, wingers, or attacking midfielders. Although still widely contested among Argentine football players, in recent times the title has been attached to FC Barcelona forward Lionel Messi, an assertion supported by Maradona himself. Maradona and Messi worked together as manager and player for Argentina's national side at the 2010 World Cup, the former thoroughly impressed with the latter's skills. On 18 April 2007, Messi scored a goal against Getafe CF which was very similar to Maradona's Goal of the Century, scored against England in the 1986 World Cup. The world's sports press exploded with Maradona comparisons, and the Spanish press labeled Messi \"Messidona\". On 9 June 2007, in a match against RCD Espanyol, Messi scored a goal using his hand, which drew comparison to the Hand of God goal scored by Maradona in the same World Cup match. On 12 March 2013, Messi scored two goals, and helped create the fourth, to help Barcelona defeat A.C. Milan (4\u20130) in the 2nd leg of their Champions League game and reach the quarter-finals.", "Diego Sinagra Diego Armando Maradona Sinagra (born 20 September 1986) is an Italian footballer and beach soccer player, who plays for A.S.D San Giorgio in Italy. He is the son of Argentine national footballer Diego Maradona. Born in Naples, Italy, Diego Armando Maradona Sinagra (Diego Jr. or Dieguito) was the result of an affair between Maradona and a young local woman named Cristiana Sinagra. He was brought up by his mother. He has a half-brother named Diego Fernando Maradona Ojeda, born to his father in 2013. Maradona Sinagra had a passion for football and started playing at a young age showing promise by emulating the skills of his father. At eleven years old he was a part of the Napoli youth squad. Diego Junior represented the Italian national team at under-17 age level. In 2004, the young Maradona Sinagra joined the youth squad of Genoa for a season. An Italian court recognized Maradona's paternity in 1993, but Maradona Sinagra met his father for the first time in 2003, during a golf tournament in Fiuggi. Only in 2007, Maradona recognized Maradona Sinagra, the child born from his relationship with Cristiana Sinagra. There were rumours that Pope Francis, at that time the Archbishop of Buenos Aires, asked Maradona to recognize Maradona Sinagra as his son. Maradona's lawyers have denied this fact. On 10 June 2015, Maradona Sinagra married Nunzia Pennino in a Roman Catholic church in Napoli and received Pope Francis' blessing.", "Like Maradona, Messi won the FIFA World Youth Championship, in 2005 with Argentina, and won the Golden Ball. Coincidentally, both players made their national debut against Hungary, and Messi also went on to inherit Maradona's number 10 shirt and role as captain for Argentina. Messi would first wear the number 10 jersey and the captain's armband at an international tournament in the 2010 World Cup, under Maradona as coach. In 2014, Messi captained Argentina, leading them to their first World Cup final since Maradona had last brought them there as captain in 1990, where Argentina were once again defeated 1\u20130 by Germany. Like Maradona in 1986, Messi was awarded the Golden Ball (albeit controversially, a decision which Maradona even criticised), as the tournament's best player, scoring four goals and providing an assist. With this achievement, Maradona and Messi are the only players to win the Golden Ball at both the FIFA U-20 World Cup and FIFA World Cup, with Maradona doing so in 1979 and 1986, while Messi managed the same feat in 2005 and in 2014. Like Maradona in 1986, Messi also made the most successful dribbling runs of any other player throughout the tournament, and knocked out Belgium on the way to the final, drawing further comparisons between the two players. During the tournament, Messi's passionate celebration after scoring the match winning goal against Bosnia and Herzegovina was compared to Maradona's famous goal celebration against Greece in 1994. Furthermore, images surfaced which compared the heavy marking both players faced by the opposition defence at the World Cup. Like Maradona again in 1986, Messi was involved in the vast majority of Argentina's goals."], "answer": {"text": "the AFA said that he would be offered a new four-year deal that would keep him in charge through to the summer of 2014 when Brazil stages the World Cup.", "answer_start": 459}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did Maradona manage?", "answer": {"text": "After the resignation of Argentina national team coach Alfio Basile in 2008, Maradona immediately proposed his candidacy for the vacant role.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was Maradona the team coach for Argentina?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many wins did Maradona have with Argentina?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many years was Maradona a team manager?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_402a1f3800d940649b0aa2b8219f3442_0_q#5", "question": "Was his contract renewed?", "rewrite": "Was Maradona's contract renewed?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Diego Sinagra Diego Armando Maradona Sinagra (born 20 September 1986) is an Italian footballer and beach soccer player, who plays for A.S.D San Giorgio in Italy. He is the son of Argentine national footballer Diego Maradona. Born in Naples, Italy, Diego Armando Maradona Sinagra (Diego Jr. or Dieguito) was the result of an affair between Maradona and a young local woman named Cristiana Sinagra. He was brought up by his mother. He has a half-brother named Diego Fernando Maradona Ojeda, born to his father in 2013. Maradona Sinagra had a passion for football and started playing at a young age showing promise by emulating the skills of his father. At eleven years old he was a part of the Napoli youth squad. Diego Junior represented the Italian national team at under-17 age level. In 2004, the young Maradona Sinagra joined the youth squad of Genoa for a season. An Italian court recognized Maradona's paternity in 1993, but Maradona Sinagra met his father for the first time in 2003, during a golf tournament in Fiuggi. Only in 2007, Maradona recognized Maradona Sinagra, the child born from his relationship with Cristiana Sinagra. There were rumours that Pope Francis, at that time the Archbishop of Buenos Aires, asked Maradona to recognize Maradona Sinagra as his son. Maradona's lawyers have denied this fact. On 10 June 2015, Maradona Sinagra married Nunzia Pennino in a Roman Catholic church in Napoli and received Pope Francis' blessing.", "The hand of God The hand of God is the name given to the goal scored by Argentine footballer Diego Armando Maradona in the quarter-final match between Argentina and England at the 1986 World Cup on 22 June 1986 at the Azteca Stadium in Mexico City. The game ended with a 2\u20131 win for the Argentinians, thanks to the so-called \"Goal of the Century\", also scored by Maradona. After the match, Diego Maradona stated that the goal was scored \"a little with his head and a little with the hand of God\", and from then on the world press baptized the goal. After the first half, the game was still tied. Maradona was beginning to unbalance the match, and with the sixth minute of the second half came one of the most controversial moves in the history of the World Cup: Maradona took the ball out of the box with his left leg and passed it to teammate Jorge Valdano. Valdano tried to take on several English defenders, but the ball was intercepted and thrown back and forth and eventually cleared by English defender Steve Hodge. Because of the inertia of the play, Maradona would have been offsides, but because of the coming of an opponent's ball was correctly enabled. Once he was inside the box and with the ball coming out of the air, Maradona went on to challenge the ball alongside goalkeeper Peter Shilton, who stands 20 centimeters taller than Maradona. Shilton jumped forward with his right hand, while Maradona did so with his left arm outstretched. Maradona's fist, which was raised close to his head, hit the ball first, causing it to bounce into the goal. Maradona nervously began to celebrate, glancing sideways at the referee and the linesman, and relaxed when the goal was validated.", "New Maradona New Maradona or New Diego is a title given by the press and public to promising Argentine football players in reference (and reverence) to Diego Maradona as a benchmark. Since Maradona retired, people have been anticipating someone to lead the Argentine national team to a World Cup final, like Maradona did twice. As a consequence, very talented youngsters are quickly labeled as a \"New Maradona\" (for example Lionel Messi or Juan Rom\u00e1n Riquelme), sometimes without any similarity in playing style (such as Franco Di Santo). The \"New Maradonas\" are predominantly players in attacking or advanced playmaking roles \u2014 forwards, wingers, or attacking midfielders. Although still widely contested among Argentine football players, in recent times the title has been attached to FC Barcelona forward Lionel Messi, an assertion supported by Maradona himself. Maradona and Messi worked together as manager and player for Argentina's national side at the 2010 World Cup, the former thoroughly impressed with the latter's skills. On 18 April 2007, Messi scored a goal against Getafe CF which was very similar to Maradona's Goal of the Century, scored against England in the 1986 World Cup. The world's sports press exploded with Maradona comparisons, and the Spanish press labeled Messi \"Messidona\". On 9 June 2007, in a match against RCD Espanyol, Messi scored a goal using his hand, which drew comparison to the Hand of God goal scored by Maradona in the same World Cup match. On 12 March 2013, Messi scored two goals, and helped create the fourth, to help Barcelona defeat A.C. Milan (4\u20130) in the 2nd leg of their Champions League game and reach the quarter-finals.", "Messi's opening goal of the match once again drew further comparisons between himself and Maradona, due to the similarity with Maradona's famous goal against Greece in the 1994 World Cup. Messi has largely been compared to Maradona due to their similar playing style, skill set and short stature. Their lower centre of gravity allows them to be more agile and change direction more quickly, helping them to evade tackles, and their short legs allow them to excel in short bursts of acceleration, and to keep control of the ball when dribbling at speed. Both players have played and worn the number 10 shirt for Barcelona, and like Maradona before him, Messi is also predominantly a left footed player. Messi's passing, dribbling, vision, eye for goal and playmaking ability have also drawn comparisons to Maradona. Like Maradona, Messi is also an accurate set piece and penalty kick taker. With regard to his dribbling ability and ball control, Maradona has said of Messi: \"The ball stays glued to his foot ; I\u2019ve seen great players in my career, but I\u2019ve never seen anyone with Messi's ball control. \" Maradona has stated that he believes Messi to currently be the greatest player in the world. Although Messi is regarded as being a more offensive player for Barcelona, he has also played in a more similar position to Maradona, in particular for Argentina, where he is predominantly used as an attacking midfielder, as a deep-lying forward, or as a winger, rather than as a striker or as a false-9. Like Maradona, Messi is considered to be one of the greatest players both of his generation and of all time.", "Like Maradona, Messi won the FIFA World Youth Championship, in 2005 with Argentina, and won the Golden Ball. Coincidentally, both players made their national debut against Hungary, and Messi also went on to inherit Maradona's number 10 shirt and role as captain for Argentina. Messi would first wear the number 10 jersey and the captain's armband at an international tournament in the 2010 World Cup, under Maradona as coach. In 2014, Messi captained Argentina, leading them to their first World Cup final since Maradona had last brought them there as captain in 1990, where Argentina were once again defeated 1\u20130 by Germany. Like Maradona in 1986, Messi was awarded the Golden Ball (albeit controversially, a decision which Maradona even criticised), as the tournament's best player, scoring four goals and providing an assist. With this achievement, Maradona and Messi are the only players to win the Golden Ball at both the FIFA U-20 World Cup and FIFA World Cup, with Maradona doing so in 1979 and 1986, while Messi managed the same feat in 2005 and in 2014. Like Maradona in 1986, Messi also made the most successful dribbling runs of any other player throughout the tournament, and knocked out Belgium on the way to the final, drawing further comparisons between the two players. During the tournament, Messi's passionate celebration after scoring the match winning goal against Bosnia and Herzegovina was compared to Maradona's famous goal celebration against Greece in 1994. Furthermore, images surfaced which compared the heavy marking both players faced by the opposition defence at the World Cup. Like Maradona again in 1986, Messi was involved in the vast majority of Argentina's goals."], "answer": {"text": "Carlos Bilardo had \"lied to\", \"betrayed\" and effectively sacked him from the role. He", "answer_start": 889}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did Maradona manage?", "answer": {"text": "After the resignation of Argentina national team coach Alfio Basile in 2008, Maradona immediately proposed his candidacy for the vacant role.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was Maradona the team coach for Argentina?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many wins did Maradona have with Argentina?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many years was Maradona a team manager?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What years was Maradona a team manager?", "answer": {"text": "the AFA said that he would be offered a new four-year deal that would keep him in charge through to the summer of 2014 when Brazil stages the World Cup.", "answer_start": 459, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_71b8193bd8234404b0287d62f7878b8c_1_q#0", "question": "What was the Spirit's main discovery?", "rewrite": "What was the Spirit's main discovery?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Discovery HD Discovery HD is the international name of the high-definition television channels from Discovery Communications. The international Discovery HD (now Discovery HD World in Asia-Pacific markets) first launched in Korea in February 2005 as a programming block. In December 2005, Discovery HD Japan and Discovery HD Canada (since renamed Discovery World HD) launched as 24-hour channels, becoming the 100th and 101st Discovery networks overall. After this, Discovery HD expanded into other markets as follows: The first American HD Discovery channel has the name Velocity and launched in June 2002. A second Discovery HD channel, called 'Discovery Channel HD', was launched in the USA on Dish Network the week of August 13, 2007. This new channel simulcasts the main Discovery Channel feed, but airs high-definition versions of programming when available. It is also available on DirecTV and various U.S. cable operators along with fellow sister high definition version networks TLC, Animal Planet, and Science Channel. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, Discovery HD began to simulcast the main Discovery Channel feed in high-definition on June 30, 2011 rather than use a separate schedule.", "According to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the plaintiff must initiate a conference between the parties after the complaint was served to the defendants, to plan for the discovery process. The parties should attempt to agree on the proposed discovery schedule, and submit a proposed Discovery Plan to the court within 14 days after the conference. After that, the main discovery process begins which includes: initial disclosures, depositions, interrogatories, request for admissions (RFA) and request for production of documents (RFP). In most federal district courts, the formal requests for interrogatories, request for admissions and request for production are exchanged between the parties and not filed with the court. Parties, however, can file motion to compel discovery if responses are not received within the FRCP time limit. Parties can file a motion for a protective order if the discovery requests become unduly burdensome or for purpose of harassment. In federal criminal prosecutions, discovery rights originate from a number of important Supreme Court decisions and statutes, the most important of which are, The formal discovery process for federal criminal prosecutions is outlined in the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, Rule 16. The District of Columbia follows the federal rules, with a few exceptions. Some deadlines are different, and litigants may only resort to the D.C. Superior Court. Forty interrogatories, including parts and sub-parts, may be propounded by one party on any other party. There is no requirement for a \"privilege log\": federal Rule 26(b)(5) was not adopted by the D.C. Superior Court. Where above is stated \"litigants may only resort to the D.C. Superior Court\" upon correction", "In New Zealand, the Australian version of Discovery is broadcast on SKY Network Television. In South East Asia, Discovery Channel is available on digital subscription television. Discovery Channel Asia still shows crime programs (such as \"Most Evil\" and \"The FBI Files\"). Many programs feature development and society in Asian countries, especially in India and China. Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore have other channels branched from the main Discovery Channel, including Discovery Turbo, Discovery Science, Discovery Home & Health and Discovery Travel & Living. The Philippines has its own semifeed derived from the Southeast Asian channel, in which offers regional variations with local advertisements during the commercial breaks. Discovery Channel India provides audio feed in 3 Indian languages Hindi, Telugu and Bengali along with English and a dedicated channel in Tamil. In South Africa, Discovery Channel shares a schedule and programming with all of Africa, the Middle East and Turkey. Discovery Channel and sibling channels Discovery World, TLC, Investigation Discovery and Animal Planet are available on the DStv/Multichoice platform. In March 2008, the star of the channel's produced show \"Man vs. Wild\" apologized for it being \"fake\". In August 2008, it was reported by \"The Consumerist\" that Discovery Channel had preempted an episode of \"MythBusters\" examining RFID security in regard to its implementation in credit cards before its original broadcast because the episode would upset credit card companies, who are major advertisers on Discovery Channel. It was later determined that the decision not to investigate the issue was made by Beyond Productions, the \"MythBusters\" production company, and was not made by Discovery Channel or their advertising department. An ad promoting \"Enigmatic Malaysia\", a special series on the network meant to highlight the cultural heritages of Malaysia, mistakenly featured Balinese Pendet dancers.", "FRCP Rule 26 provides general guidelines to the discovery process, it requires Plaintiff to initiate a conference between the parties to plan the discovery process after the initial complaint had been filed. The parties must confer as soon as practicable \u2014 and in any event at least 21 days before a scheduling conference is to be held or a scheduling order is due under Rule 16(b). The parties should attempt to agree on the proposed discovery plan, and submit it to the court within 14 days after the conference. The Discovery Plan must state the parties' proposals on subject of the discovery, limitations on discovery, case management schedule and timing deadlines for each stage of the discovery process, including the end-date of the discovery, dispositive motions and pre-trial order deadlines. Unless all parties agree otherwise, the parties should submit to each other the Initial Disclosures under Rule 26(a) within 14 days after the conference. Only after the Initial Disclosures have been sent, the main discovery process begins, that includes: depositions, interrogatories, request for admissions(RFA) and request for production of documents(RFP). There are limitation on interrogatories to twenty-five requests per party each, but there is no limitations on RFAs and RFPs, unless there is a different Local Rule for the State. Depositions are limited to ten per party, with no deposition lasting longer than seven hours per day. A party may request more depositions from the court. See FRCP 30. The most substantial rule, which guides the discovery process. Subdivision (a) provides for automatic disclosure, which first was added in 1993. Disclosure requires parties to share their own supporting evidence without being requested to by the other party. Failure to do so can preclude that evidence from being used at trial.", "Discovery Velocity Discovery Velocity is a Canadian Category B specialty channel owned by CTV Specialty Television, a joint venture of Bell Media and Discovery Inc.. It is a Canadian version of the U.S. channel formerly of the same name (now known as Motor Trend), and broadcasts factual and reality-style series related to automobiles and transportation (including series from Discovery's library). Beginning in August 2003, CTV had operated a channel known as Discovery Channel HD, which served as a high-definition simulcast of the main Discovery Channel lineup, where applicable. In August 2005, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) approved an application for a new category 2 digital service, Discovery HD Theatre (based on the U.S. channel of the same name), covering many of the same genres as Discovery Channel, but with a separate lineup consisting exclusively of high definition programming. Discovery HD Theatre replaced Discovery Channel HD on December 19, 2005. While maintaining the same format, the channel was renamed Discovery HD in 2009. In June 2010, CTVglobemedia announced that it would launch three new Discovery-branded channels in Canada, among them included a re-branding of Discovery HD as Discovery World HD (later just Discovery World) on August 2, 2010, with a new lineup aiming to \"showcase a beautiful and brilliant portrait of our world in vivid high definition\". A separate HD simulcast of Discovery Channel returned in June 2011. In January 2015, Bell Media announced that Discovery World would be re-branded as Discovery Velocity on February 12, 2015. It is a Canadian version of the U.S. channel Velocity\u2014which was the current format of the network's original U.S. counterpart. With the re-branding, the network increased its focus on automotive-oriented series, although selected non-automotive programs from Discovery World were carried over."], "answer": {"text": "Analysis shows that the rocks have been slightly altered by tiny amounts of water.", "answer_start": 417}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_71b8193bd8234404b0287d62f7878b8c_1_q#1", "question": "Which Martian rocks were analysed?", "rewrite": "Which Martian rocks were analysed?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mini-TES The Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) is an infrared spectrometer used for detecting the composition of a material (typically rocks) from a distance. By making its measurements in the thermal infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum, it has the ability to penetrate through the dust coatings common to the Martian surface which is usually problematic for remote sensing observations. There is one on each of the two Mars Exploration Rovers. The Mini-TES was originally developed by Raytheon for the Department of Geological Sciences at Arizona State University. The Mini-TES is a miniaturized version of Raytheon's Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) TES, built by Arizona State University and Raytheon SAS\u2019 Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The MGS TES data helped scientists choose landing sites for the Spirit and Opportunity Mars explorer rovers. The Mini-TES is used for identifying promising rocks and soils for closer examination, and to determine the processes that formed Martian rocks. It measures the infrared radiation that the target rock or object emits in 167 different wavelengths, providing information about the target's composition. One particular goal is to search for minerals that were formed by the action of water, such as carbonates and clays. The instrument can also look skyward to provide temperature profiles of the Martian atmosphere and detect the abundance of dust and water vapor. The instrument is located inside the warm electronics box in the body of the rover - the mirror redirects radiation into the aperture from above. The Mini-TES instruments aboard the MERs Opportunity and Spirit were never expected to survive the cold Martian winter even if the rovers themselves survived. It was thought that a small potassium bromide (KBr) beamsplitter which was housed in an aluminium fitting would crack due to the mismatched coefficient of thermal expansion.", "energy intake was 385 watt-hours, down from 395 on Sol 3384 (July 31, 2013), and 431 on Sol 3376 (July 23, 2013). In May 2013 it had been as high as 546 watt-hours. Other factors that impact collection include the atmospheric opacity (i.e. \"Tau\") and \"solar array dust factor\"dust that collects on the panels. Although the rover cannot clean the dust off, such systems were considered for the rover during its development. In September, numerous surface targets and rocks around Solander were examined by the rover. Solar array energy production dropped to 346 watt-hours by Sol 3430 (September 16, 2013), and 325 watt-hours by Sol 3452 (October 9, 2013). By traveling to locations with favorable tilt, dubbed \"lily pads\", \"Opportunity\" managed to receive over about 300 watt-hours per day even as the heart of the Mars winter approached. The Martian winter minimum was predicted for February 2014, but by making use of the northward slopes the rover had enough power to remain mobile during the Martian winter. By the end of October the rover was climbing up Solander point, where it was hoped some of the oldest rocks yet seen would be examined. The rocks were believed to date to Mars's Noachian Period about four billion years ago, and could have provided some science surprises by Christmas. The team was hunting for \"juicy\" slopes of 5 to 20 degrees for more power. As it ascended, it doglegged in early November to avoid an area of dusty ripples. It continued to collect data on Martian rocks and dust in the area. Total odometry by November 5, 2013 (or in Mars days since the landing, Sol 3478) was .", "Like its Apollo predecessor Orion will have a launch escape system, an ablative heat shield for reentry, and parachute recovery for water landing. Martian architecture is architecture designed to sustain human life on the surface of Mars, and all the supporting systems necessary to make this possible. The direct sampling of water ice on the surface, and evidence for geyser-like water flows within the last decade have made Mars the most likely extraterrestrial environment for finding liquid water, and therefore alien life, in the Solar System. Moreover, some geologic evidence suggests that Mars could have been warm and wet on a global scale in its distant past. Intense geologic activity has reshaped the surface of the Earth, erasing evidence of our earliest history. Martian rocks can be even older than Earth rocks, though, so exploring Mars may help us decipher the story of our own geologic evolution including the origin of life on Earth. Mars has an atmosphere, though its surface pressure is less than 1% of Earth's. Its surface gravity is about 38% of Earth's. Although a human expedition to Mars has not yet taken place, there has been significant work on Martian habitat design. Martian architecture usually falls into one of two categories: architecture imported from Earth fully assembled and architecture making use of local resources. Wernher von Braun was the first to come up with a technically comprehensive proposal for a manned Mars expedition. Rather than a minimal mission profile like Apollo, von Braun envisioned a crew of 70 astronauts aboard a fleet of ten massive spacecraft. Each vessel would be constructed in low Earth orbit, requiring nearly 100 separate launches before one was fully assembled. Seven of the spacecraft would be for crew while three were designated as cargo ships. There were even designs for small \"boats\" to shuttle crew and supplies between ships during the cruise to the Red Planet, which was to follow a minimum-energy Hohmann transfer trajectory.", "Rock Abrasion Tool The Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT) is a grinding and brushing installation on NASA\u2019s twin Mars Exploration Rovers, \"Spirit\" (MER-A) and \"Opportunity\" (MER-B), which landed on Mars in January 2004. It was designed, developed and continues to be operated by Honeybee Robotics LTD, a developer of specialized robots, automated technologies and related systems. The RAT was the first machine to gain access to the interior of rocks on another planet. The RAT has a mass of , is in diameter and long, about the size of a soda can. It uses a diamond dust and resin wheel spinning at 3000 rpm to drill a 45 mm diameter by 5 mm deep bore hole in martian rocks. The RAT then uses two brushes to sweep dust from the bore holes for closer scientific inspection. Its average power consumption is 30 watts. There are five other instruments aboard both rovers, these are the Pancam (a camera), Mini-TES (an infrared spectrometer) for sensing targets at a distance, a microscopic imager, a M\u00f6ssbauer spectrometer and an alpha particle X-ray spectrometer. The RAT provides these instruments with a smooth, clean surface from which they make more accurate observations. The RAT was first used by \"Spirit\" on its 34th sol (February 6, 2004). It was held up to the rock Adirondack, whereby it scraped to a depth of over the course of three hours. Since then it has been used on numerous Martian rocks by both MER rovers. The RAT was originally controlled from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, but is now run by Honeybee Robotics LTD from their New York headquarters. The RAT is the first product of Honeybee Robotics LTD's to be sent into space by NASA.", "Mineralogy of Mars The mineralogy of Mars is the chemical composition of rocks and soil that encompass the surface of Mars. Various orbital crafts have used spectroscopic methods to identify the signature of some minerals. The planetary landers performed concrete chemical analysis of the soil in rocks to further identify and confirm the presence of other minerals. The only samples of Martian rocks that are on Earth are in the form of meteorites. The elemental and atmospheric composition along with planetary conditions is essential in knowing what minerals can be formed from these base parts. The surface geology of Mars is somewhere between the basalt or andesite rocks on Earth. This led to the formation of minerals similar to what is found on Earth. The presence of iron oxide gives the surface the \u201crust\u201d color that is associated with Mars, the Red Planet. The presence of perchlorate, in high percentages, forms highly saline soils, which could produce liquid water. Chemical alteration of Martian rocks into carbonate and phyllosilicate minerals occurred earlier in Mars history when water was present in large quantities. Orbital instruments and Landers not only identified new minerals but in some cases also confirmed the presence of minerals detected by the others. Orbital crafts sent to Mars provided data on surface geology mostly through spectroscopy. This data is used to determine possible minerals on the surface, and the types of instruments Landers would need in order to narrow down those minerals. Mars Global Surveyor \"Main article:\" Mars Global Surveyor Launched in 1996 , it used the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC), Mars Orbital Laser Altimeter, and Thermal Emission Spectrometer to show layering on the surface, presence of surface ice, and the mineral hematite. The presence of ice over the surface is essential to understanding why certain water bearing minerals are on Mars. Mars Odyssey \"Main article:\" Mars Odyssey"], "answer": {"text": "All the rocks contain a fine coating of dust and one or more harder rinds of material.", "answer_start": 604}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Spirit's main discovery?", "answer": {"text": "Analysis shows that the rocks have been slightly altered by tiny amounts of water.", "answer_start": 417, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_71b8193bd8234404b0287d62f7878b8c_1_q#2", "question": "What materials do Martian rocks contain?", "rewrite": "What materials do Martian rocks contain?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["energy intake was 385 watt-hours, down from 395 on Sol 3384 (July 31, 2013), and 431 on Sol 3376 (July 23, 2013). In May 2013 it had been as high as 546 watt-hours. Other factors that impact collection include the atmospheric opacity (i.e. \"Tau\") and \"solar array dust factor\"dust that collects on the panels. Although the rover cannot clean the dust off, such systems were considered for the rover during its development. In September, numerous surface targets and rocks around Solander were examined by the rover. Solar array energy production dropped to 346 watt-hours by Sol 3430 (September 16, 2013), and 325 watt-hours by Sol 3452 (October 9, 2013). By traveling to locations with favorable tilt, dubbed \"lily pads\", \"Opportunity\" managed to receive over about 300 watt-hours per day even as the heart of the Mars winter approached. The Martian winter minimum was predicted for February 2014, but by making use of the northward slopes the rover had enough power to remain mobile during the Martian winter. By the end of October the rover was climbing up Solander point, where it was hoped some of the oldest rocks yet seen would be examined. The rocks were believed to date to Mars's Noachian Period about four billion years ago, and could have provided some science surprises by Christmas. The team was hunting for \"juicy\" slopes of 5 to 20 degrees for more power. As it ascended, it doglegged in early November to avoid an area of dusty ripples. It continued to collect data on Martian rocks and dust in the area. Total odometry by November 5, 2013 (or in Mars days since the landing, Sol 3478) was .", "In general the rocks show a dark gray color with patches of red dust or weathered appearance on their surfaces. Dust covers the lower 5\u20137 cm of some rocks, so they may have once been buried, but have now become exhumed. Three knobs, one large crater, and two small craters were visible on the horizon. Results of Mars Pathfinder's \"Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer\" indicated that some rocks in the Oxia Palus quadrangle are like Earth's andesites. The discovery of andesites shows that some Martian rocks have been remelted and reprocessed. On Earth, Andesite forms when magma sits in pockets of rock while some of the iron and magnesium settle out. Consequently, the final rock contains less iron and magnesium and more silica. Volcanic rocks are usually classified by comparing the relative amount of alkalis (NaO and KO) with the amount of silica (SiO). Andesite is different from the rocks found in meteorites that have come from Mars. By the time that final results of the mission were described in a series of articles in the Journal Science (December 5, 1997), it was believed that the rock Yogi contained a coating of dust, but was similar to the rock Barnacle Bill. Calculations suggest that the two rocks contain mostly the minerals orthopyroxene (magnesium-iron silicate), feldspars (aluminum silicates of potassium, sodium, and calcium), quartz (silicon dioxide), with smaller amounts of magnetite, ilmenite, iron sulfide, and calcium phosphate. By taking multiple images of the sky at different distances from the sun, scientists were able to determine that size of the particles in the pink haze was about 1 micrometer in radius.", "Mini-TES The Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) is an infrared spectrometer used for detecting the composition of a material (typically rocks) from a distance. By making its measurements in the thermal infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum, it has the ability to penetrate through the dust coatings common to the Martian surface which is usually problematic for remote sensing observations. There is one on each of the two Mars Exploration Rovers. The Mini-TES was originally developed by Raytheon for the Department of Geological Sciences at Arizona State University. The Mini-TES is a miniaturized version of Raytheon's Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) TES, built by Arizona State University and Raytheon SAS\u2019 Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The MGS TES data helped scientists choose landing sites for the Spirit and Opportunity Mars explorer rovers. The Mini-TES is used for identifying promising rocks and soils for closer examination, and to determine the processes that formed Martian rocks. It measures the infrared radiation that the target rock or object emits in 167 different wavelengths, providing information about the target's composition. One particular goal is to search for minerals that were formed by the action of water, such as carbonates and clays. The instrument can also look skyward to provide temperature profiles of the Martian atmosphere and detect the abundance of dust and water vapor. The instrument is located inside the warm electronics box in the body of the rover - the mirror redirects radiation into the aperture from above. The Mini-TES instruments aboard the MERs Opportunity and Spirit were never expected to survive the cold Martian winter even if the rovers themselves survived. It was thought that a small potassium bromide (KBr) beamsplitter which was housed in an aluminium fitting would crack due to the mismatched coefficient of thermal expansion.", "Rock Abrasion Tool The Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT) is a grinding and brushing installation on NASA\u2019s twin Mars Exploration Rovers, \"Spirit\" (MER-A) and \"Opportunity\" (MER-B), which landed on Mars in January 2004. It was designed, developed and continues to be operated by Honeybee Robotics LTD, a developer of specialized robots, automated technologies and related systems. The RAT was the first machine to gain access to the interior of rocks on another planet. The RAT has a mass of , is in diameter and long, about the size of a soda can. It uses a diamond dust and resin wheel spinning at 3000 rpm to drill a 45 mm diameter by 5 mm deep bore hole in martian rocks. The RAT then uses two brushes to sweep dust from the bore holes for closer scientific inspection. Its average power consumption is 30 watts. There are five other instruments aboard both rovers, these are the Pancam (a camera), Mini-TES (an infrared spectrometer) for sensing targets at a distance, a microscopic imager, a M\u00f6ssbauer spectrometer and an alpha particle X-ray spectrometer. The RAT provides these instruments with a smooth, clean surface from which they make more accurate observations. The RAT was first used by \"Spirit\" on its 34th sol (February 6, 2004). It was held up to the rock Adirondack, whereby it scraped to a depth of over the course of three hours. Since then it has been used on numerous Martian rocks by both MER rovers. The RAT was originally controlled from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, but is now run by Honeybee Robotics LTD from their New York headquarters. The RAT is the first product of Honeybee Robotics LTD's to be sent into space by NASA.", "Mineralogy of Mars The mineralogy of Mars is the chemical composition of rocks and soil that encompass the surface of Mars. Various orbital crafts have used spectroscopic methods to identify the signature of some minerals. The planetary landers performed concrete chemical analysis of the soil in rocks to further identify and confirm the presence of other minerals. The only samples of Martian rocks that are on Earth are in the form of meteorites. The elemental and atmospheric composition along with planetary conditions is essential in knowing what minerals can be formed from these base parts. The surface geology of Mars is somewhere between the basalt or andesite rocks on Earth. This led to the formation of minerals similar to what is found on Earth. The presence of iron oxide gives the surface the \u201crust\u201d color that is associated with Mars, the Red Planet. The presence of perchlorate, in high percentages, forms highly saline soils, which could produce liquid water. Chemical alteration of Martian rocks into carbonate and phyllosilicate minerals occurred earlier in Mars history when water was present in large quantities. Orbital instruments and Landers not only identified new minerals but in some cases also confirmed the presence of minerals detected by the others. Orbital crafts sent to Mars provided data on surface geology mostly through spectroscopy. This data is used to determine possible minerals on the surface, and the types of instruments Landers would need in order to narrow down those minerals. Mars Global Surveyor \"Main article:\" Mars Global Surveyor Launched in 1996 , it used the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC), Mars Orbital Laser Altimeter, and Thermal Emission Spectrometer to show layering on the surface, presence of surface ice, and the mineral hematite. The presence of ice over the surface is essential to understanding why certain water bearing minerals are on Mars. Mars Odyssey \"Main article:\" Mars Odyssey"], "answer": {"text": "They contain the minerals olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, and magnetite, and they look like volcanic basalt as they are fine-grained with irregular holes", "answer_start": 55}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Spirit's main discovery?", "answer": {"text": "Analysis shows that the rocks have been slightly altered by tiny amounts of water.", "answer_start": 417, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which Martian rocks were analysed?", "answer": {"text": "All the rocks contain a fine coating of dust and one or more harder rinds of material.", "answer_start": 604, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_71b8193bd8234404b0287d62f7878b8c_1_q#3", "question": "Where were these rocks found?", "rewrite": "Where were Martian rocks found?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In general the rocks show a dark gray color with patches of red dust or weathered appearance on their surfaces. Dust covers the lower 5\u20137 cm of some rocks, so they may have once been buried, but have now become exhumed. Three knobs, one large crater, and two small craters were visible on the horizon. Results of Mars Pathfinder's \"Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer\" indicated that some rocks in the Oxia Palus quadrangle are like Earth's andesites. The discovery of andesites shows that some Martian rocks have been remelted and reprocessed. On Earth, Andesite forms when magma sits in pockets of rock while some of the iron and magnesium settle out. Consequently, the final rock contains less iron and magnesium and more silica. Volcanic rocks are usually classified by comparing the relative amount of alkalis (NaO and KO) with the amount of silica (SiO). Andesite is different from the rocks found in meteorites that have come from Mars. By the time that final results of the mission were described in a series of articles in the Journal Science (December 5, 1997), it was believed that the rock Yogi contained a coating of dust, but was similar to the rock Barnacle Bill. Calculations suggest that the two rocks contain mostly the minerals orthopyroxene (magnesium-iron silicate), feldspars (aluminum silicates of potassium, sodium, and calcium), quartz (silicon dioxide), with smaller amounts of magnetite, ilmenite, iron sulfide, and calcium phosphate. By taking multiple images of the sky at different distances from the sun, scientists were able to determine that size of the particles in the pink haze was about 1 micrometer in radius.", "The rover made measurements of the elements found in those rocks and in the martian soil, while the lander took pictures of the \"Sojourner\" and the surrounding terrain, in addition to making climate observations. The \"Sojourner\" is a six-wheeled 65 cm long vehicle, 48 cm wide, 30 cm tall and weighing 10.5 kg. Its maximum speed reached one centimeter per second. \" Sojourner\" travelled approximately 100 metres in total, never more than 12 m from the \"Pathfinder\" station. During its 83 sols of operation, it sent 550 photographs to Earth and analyzed the chemical properties of 16 locations near the lander. (See also Space exploration rovers) The first analysis on a rock started on Sol 3 with Barnacle Bill. The Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) was used to determine its composition, the spectrometer taking ten hours to make a full scan of the sample. It found all the elements except hydrogen, which constitutes just 0.1 percent of the rock's or soil's mass. The APXS works by irradiating rocks and soil samples with alpha particles (helium nuclei, which consist of two protons and two neutrons). The results indicated that \"Barnacle Bill\" is much like Earth's andesites, confirming past volcanic activity. The discovery of andesites shows that some Martian rocks have been remelted and reprocessed. On Earth, Andesite forms when magma sits in pockets of rock while some of the iron and magnesium settle out. Consequently, the final rock contains less iron and magnesiums and more silica. Volcanic rocks are usually classified by comparing the relative amount of alkalis (NaO and KO) with the amount of silica (SiO). Andesite is different from the rocks found in meteorites that have come from Mars.", "Rock Abrasion Tool The Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT) is a grinding and brushing installation on NASA\u2019s twin Mars Exploration Rovers, \"Spirit\" (MER-A) and \"Opportunity\" (MER-B), which landed on Mars in January 2004. It was designed, developed and continues to be operated by Honeybee Robotics LTD, a developer of specialized robots, automated technologies and related systems. The RAT was the first machine to gain access to the interior of rocks on another planet. The RAT has a mass of , is in diameter and long, about the size of a soda can. It uses a diamond dust and resin wheel spinning at 3000 rpm to drill a 45 mm diameter by 5 mm deep bore hole in martian rocks. The RAT then uses two brushes to sweep dust from the bore holes for closer scientific inspection. Its average power consumption is 30 watts. There are five other instruments aboard both rovers, these are the Pancam (a camera), Mini-TES (an infrared spectrometer) for sensing targets at a distance, a microscopic imager, a M\u00f6ssbauer spectrometer and an alpha particle X-ray spectrometer. The RAT provides these instruments with a smooth, clean surface from which they make more accurate observations. The RAT was first used by \"Spirit\" on its 34th sol (February 6, 2004). It was held up to the rock Adirondack, whereby it scraped to a depth of over the course of three hours. Since then it has been used on numerous Martian rocks by both MER rovers. The RAT was originally controlled from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, but is now run by Honeybee Robotics LTD from their New York headquarters. The RAT is the first product of Honeybee Robotics LTD's to be sent into space by NASA.", "Mineralogy of Mars The mineralogy of Mars is the chemical composition of rocks and soil that encompass the surface of Mars. Various orbital crafts have used spectroscopic methods to identify the signature of some minerals. The planetary landers performed concrete chemical analysis of the soil in rocks to further identify and confirm the presence of other minerals. The only samples of Martian rocks that are on Earth are in the form of meteorites. The elemental and atmospheric composition along with planetary conditions is essential in knowing what minerals can be formed from these base parts. The surface geology of Mars is somewhere between the basalt or andesite rocks on Earth. This led to the formation of minerals similar to what is found on Earth. The presence of iron oxide gives the surface the \u201crust\u201d color that is associated with Mars, the Red Planet. The presence of perchlorate, in high percentages, forms highly saline soils, which could produce liquid water. Chemical alteration of Martian rocks into carbonate and phyllosilicate minerals occurred earlier in Mars history when water was present in large quantities. Orbital instruments and Landers not only identified new minerals but in some cases also confirmed the presence of minerals detected by the others. Orbital crafts sent to Mars provided data on surface geology mostly through spectroscopy. This data is used to determine possible minerals on the surface, and the types of instruments Landers would need in order to narrow down those minerals. Mars Global Surveyor \"Main article:\" Mars Global Surveyor Launched in 1996 , it used the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC), Mars Orbital Laser Altimeter, and Thermal Emission Spectrometer to show layering on the surface, presence of surface ice, and the mineral hematite. The presence of ice over the surface is essential to understanding why certain water bearing minerals are on Mars. Mars Odyssey \"Main article:\" Mars Odyssey", "Mini-TES The Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) is an infrared spectrometer used for detecting the composition of a material (typically rocks) from a distance. By making its measurements in the thermal infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum, it has the ability to penetrate through the dust coatings common to the Martian surface which is usually problematic for remote sensing observations. There is one on each of the two Mars Exploration Rovers. The Mini-TES was originally developed by Raytheon for the Department of Geological Sciences at Arizona State University. The Mini-TES is a miniaturized version of Raytheon's Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) TES, built by Arizona State University and Raytheon SAS\u2019 Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The MGS TES data helped scientists choose landing sites for the Spirit and Opportunity Mars explorer rovers. The Mini-TES is used for identifying promising rocks and soils for closer examination, and to determine the processes that formed Martian rocks. It measures the infrared radiation that the target rock or object emits in 167 different wavelengths, providing information about the target's composition. One particular goal is to search for minerals that were formed by the action of water, such as carbonates and clays. The instrument can also look skyward to provide temperature profiles of the Martian atmosphere and detect the abundance of dust and water vapor. The instrument is located inside the warm electronics box in the body of the rover - the mirror redirects radiation into the aperture from above. The Mini-TES instruments aboard the MERs Opportunity and Spirit were never expected to survive the cold Martian winter even if the rovers themselves survived. It was thought that a small potassium bromide (KBr) beamsplitter which was housed in an aluminium fitting would crack due to the mismatched coefficient of thermal expansion."], "answer": {"text": "There are a variety of rocks in the Columbia Hills, some of which have been altered by water, but not by very much water.", "answer_start": 791}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Spirit's main discovery?", "answer": {"text": "Analysis shows that the rocks have been slightly altered by tiny amounts of water.", "answer_start": 417, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which Martian rocks were analysed?", "answer": {"text": "All the rocks contain a fine coating of dust and one or more harder rinds of material.", "answer_start": 604, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What materials do Martian rocks contain?", "answer": {"text": "They contain the minerals olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, and magnetite, and they look like volcanic basalt as they are fine-grained with irregular holes", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_71b8193bd8234404b0287d62f7878b8c_1_q#4", "question": "How did water alter the Martian rocks?", "rewrite": "How did water alter the Martian rocks?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rock Abrasion Tool The Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT) is a grinding and brushing installation on NASA\u2019s twin Mars Exploration Rovers, \"Spirit\" (MER-A) and \"Opportunity\" (MER-B), which landed on Mars in January 2004. It was designed, developed and continues to be operated by Honeybee Robotics LTD, a developer of specialized robots, automated technologies and related systems. The RAT was the first machine to gain access to the interior of rocks on another planet. The RAT has a mass of , is in diameter and long, about the size of a soda can. It uses a diamond dust and resin wheel spinning at 3000 rpm to drill a 45 mm diameter by 5 mm deep bore hole in martian rocks. The RAT then uses two brushes to sweep dust from the bore holes for closer scientific inspection. Its average power consumption is 30 watts. There are five other instruments aboard both rovers, these are the Pancam (a camera), Mini-TES (an infrared spectrometer) for sensing targets at a distance, a microscopic imager, a M\u00f6ssbauer spectrometer and an alpha particle X-ray spectrometer. The RAT provides these instruments with a smooth, clean surface from which they make more accurate observations. The RAT was first used by \"Spirit\" on its 34th sol (February 6, 2004). It was held up to the rock Adirondack, whereby it scraped to a depth of over the course of three hours. Since then it has been used on numerous Martian rocks by both MER rovers. The RAT was originally controlled from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, but is now run by Honeybee Robotics LTD from their New York headquarters. The RAT is the first product of Honeybee Robotics LTD's to be sent into space by NASA.", "Like its Apollo predecessor Orion will have a launch escape system, an ablative heat shield for reentry, and parachute recovery for water landing. Martian architecture is architecture designed to sustain human life on the surface of Mars, and all the supporting systems necessary to make this possible. The direct sampling of water ice on the surface, and evidence for geyser-like water flows within the last decade have made Mars the most likely extraterrestrial environment for finding liquid water, and therefore alien life, in the Solar System. Moreover, some geologic evidence suggests that Mars could have been warm and wet on a global scale in its distant past. Intense geologic activity has reshaped the surface of the Earth, erasing evidence of our earliest history. Martian rocks can be even older than Earth rocks, though, so exploring Mars may help us decipher the story of our own geologic evolution including the origin of life on Earth. Mars has an atmosphere, though its surface pressure is less than 1% of Earth's. Its surface gravity is about 38% of Earth's. Although a human expedition to Mars has not yet taken place, there has been significant work on Martian habitat design. Martian architecture usually falls into one of two categories: architecture imported from Earth fully assembled and architecture making use of local resources. Wernher von Braun was the first to come up with a technically comprehensive proposal for a manned Mars expedition. Rather than a minimal mission profile like Apollo, von Braun envisioned a crew of 70 astronauts aboard a fleet of ten massive spacecraft. Each vessel would be constructed in low Earth orbit, requiring nearly 100 separate launches before one was fully assembled. Seven of the spacecraft would be for crew while three were designated as cargo ships. There were even designs for small \"boats\" to shuttle crew and supplies between ships during the cruise to the Red Planet, which was to follow a minimum-energy Hohmann transfer trajectory.", "energy intake was 385 watt-hours, down from 395 on Sol 3384 (July 31, 2013), and 431 on Sol 3376 (July 23, 2013). In May 2013 it had been as high as 546 watt-hours. Other factors that impact collection include the atmospheric opacity (i.e. \"Tau\") and \"solar array dust factor\"dust that collects on the panels. Although the rover cannot clean the dust off, such systems were considered for the rover during its development. In September, numerous surface targets and rocks around Solander were examined by the rover. Solar array energy production dropped to 346 watt-hours by Sol 3430 (September 16, 2013), and 325 watt-hours by Sol 3452 (October 9, 2013). By traveling to locations with favorable tilt, dubbed \"lily pads\", \"Opportunity\" managed to receive over about 300 watt-hours per day even as the heart of the Mars winter approached. The Martian winter minimum was predicted for February 2014, but by making use of the northward slopes the rover had enough power to remain mobile during the Martian winter. By the end of October the rover was climbing up Solander point, where it was hoped some of the oldest rocks yet seen would be examined. The rocks were believed to date to Mars's Noachian Period about four billion years ago, and could have provided some science surprises by Christmas. The team was hunting for \"juicy\" slopes of 5 to 20 degrees for more power. As it ascended, it doglegged in early November to avoid an area of dusty ripples. It continued to collect data on Martian rocks and dust in the area. Total odometry by November 5, 2013 (or in Mars days since the landing, Sol 3478) was .", "Mineralogy of Mars The mineralogy of Mars is the chemical composition of rocks and soil that encompass the surface of Mars. Various orbital crafts have used spectroscopic methods to identify the signature of some minerals. The planetary landers performed concrete chemical analysis of the soil in rocks to further identify and confirm the presence of other minerals. The only samples of Martian rocks that are on Earth are in the form of meteorites. The elemental and atmospheric composition along with planetary conditions is essential in knowing what minerals can be formed from these base parts. The surface geology of Mars is somewhere between the basalt or andesite rocks on Earth. This led to the formation of minerals similar to what is found on Earth. The presence of iron oxide gives the surface the \u201crust\u201d color that is associated with Mars, the Red Planet. The presence of perchlorate, in high percentages, forms highly saline soils, which could produce liquid water. Chemical alteration of Martian rocks into carbonate and phyllosilicate minerals occurred earlier in Mars history when water was present in large quantities. Orbital instruments and Landers not only identified new minerals but in some cases also confirmed the presence of minerals detected by the others. Orbital crafts sent to Mars provided data on surface geology mostly through spectroscopy. This data is used to determine possible minerals on the surface, and the types of instruments Landers would need in order to narrow down those minerals. Mars Global Surveyor \"Main article:\" Mars Global Surveyor Launched in 1996 , it used the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC), Mars Orbital Laser Altimeter, and Thermal Emission Spectrometer to show layering on the surface, presence of surface ice, and the mineral hematite. The presence of ice over the surface is essential to understanding why certain water bearing minerals are on Mars. Mars Odyssey \"Main article:\" Mars Odyssey", "Mini-TES The Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) is an infrared spectrometer used for detecting the composition of a material (typically rocks) from a distance. By making its measurements in the thermal infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum, it has the ability to penetrate through the dust coatings common to the Martian surface which is usually problematic for remote sensing observations. There is one on each of the two Mars Exploration Rovers. The Mini-TES was originally developed by Raytheon for the Department of Geological Sciences at Arizona State University. The Mini-TES is a miniaturized version of Raytheon's Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) TES, built by Arizona State University and Raytheon SAS\u2019 Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The MGS TES data helped scientists choose landing sites for the Spirit and Opportunity Mars explorer rovers. The Mini-TES is used for identifying promising rocks and soils for closer examination, and to determine the processes that formed Martian rocks. It measures the infrared radiation that the target rock or object emits in 167 different wavelengths, providing information about the target's composition. One particular goal is to search for minerals that were formed by the action of water, such as carbonates and clays. The instrument can also look skyward to provide temperature profiles of the Martian atmosphere and detect the abundance of dust and water vapor. The instrument is located inside the warm electronics box in the body of the rover - the mirror redirects radiation into the aperture from above. The Mini-TES instruments aboard the MERs Opportunity and Spirit were never expected to survive the cold Martian winter even if the rovers themselves survived. It was thought that a small potassium bromide (KBr) beamsplitter which was housed in an aluminium fitting would crack due to the mismatched coefficient of thermal expansion."], "answer": {"text": "Outside coatings and cracks inside the rocks suggest water deposited minerals, maybe bromine compounds.", "answer_start": 500}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Spirit's main discovery?", "answer": {"text": "Analysis shows that the rocks have been slightly altered by tiny amounts of water.", "answer_start": 417, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which Martian rocks were analysed?", "answer": {"text": "All the rocks contain a fine coating of dust and one or more harder rinds of material.", "answer_start": 604, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What materials do Martian rocks contain?", "answer": {"text": "They contain the minerals olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, and magnetite, and they look like volcanic basalt as they are fine-grained with irregular holes", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where were these rocks found?", "answer": {"text": "There are a variety of rocks in the Columbia Hills, some of which have been altered by water, but not by very much water.", "answer_start": 791, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_71b8193bd8234404b0287d62f7878b8c_1_q#5", "question": "Did all the rocks contain water deposited minerals?", "rewrite": "Did all the rocks contain water deposited minerals?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["It eventually arrived at the Columbia Hills, however, and rocks examined in that region showed evidence of small amounts of briny (salty) water interacting with them in ancient times, although not nearly as much as at Meridiani Planum, the landing area for \"Spirit\"s twin, \"Opportunity\". In 2009, \"Spirit\" became stuck in the soil of the region, and in 2010 went offline after a harsh Martian winter. Gusev is also considered a potential landing site for the \"Mars 2020\" rover. The rocks on the plains of Gusev are a type of basalt. They contain the minerals olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, and magnetite, and they look like volcanic basalt as they are fine-grained with irregular holes (geologists would say they have vesicles and vugs). Much of the soil on the plains came from the breakdown of the local rocks. Fairly high levels of nickel were found in some soils; probably from meteorites. Analysis shows that the rocks have been slightly altered by tiny amounts of water. Outside coatings and cracks inside the rocks suggest water deposited minerals, maybe bromine compounds. All the rocks contain a fine coating of dust and one or more harder rinds of material. One type can be brushed off, while another needed to be ground off by the Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT). There are a variety of rocks in the Columbia Hills (Mars), some of which have been altered by water, but not by very much water. The dust in Gusev Crater is the same as dust all around the planet. All the dust was found to be magnetic. Moreover, Spirit found the magnetism was caused by the mineral magnetite, especially magnetite that contained the element titanium. One magnet was able to completely divert all dust hence all Martian dust is thought to be magnetic.", "The rocks on the plains of Gusev are a type of basalt. They contain the minerals olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, and magnetite, and they look like volcanic basalt as they are fine-grained with irregular holes (geologists would say they have vesicles and vugs). Much of the soil on the plains came from the breakdown of the local rocks. Fairly high levels of nickel were found in some soils; probably from meteorites. Analysis shows that the rocks have been slightly altered by tiny amounts of water. Outside coatings and cracks inside the rocks suggest water deposited minerals, maybe bromine compounds. All the rocks contain a fine coating of dust and one or more harder rinds of material. One type can be brushed off, while another needed to be ground off by the Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT). There are a variety of rocks in the Columbia Hills, some of which have been altered by water, but not by very much water. The dust in Gusev Crater is the same as dust all around the planet. All the dust was found to be magnetic. Moreover, Spirit found the magnetism was caused by the mineral magnetite, especially magnetite that contained the element titanium. One magnet was able to completely divert all dust hence all Martian dust is thought to be magnetic. The spectra of the dust was similar to spectra of bright, low thermal inertia regions like Tharsis and Arabia that have been detected by orbiting satellites. A thin layer of dust, maybe less than one millimeter thick covers all surfaces. Something in it contains a small amount of chemically bound water.", "They contain the minerals olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, and magnetite, and they look like volcanic basalt as they are fine-grained with irregular holes (geologists would say they have vesicles and vugs). Much of the soil on the plains came from the breakdown of the local rocks. Fairly high levels of nickel were found in some soils; probably from meteorites. Analysis shows that the rocks have been slightly altered by tiny amounts of water. Outside coatings and cracks inside the rocks suggest water deposited minerals, maybe bromine compounds. All the rocks contain a fine coating of dust and one or more harder rinds of material. One type can be brushed off, while another needed to be ground off by the Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT). There are a variety of rocks in the Columbia Hills (Mars), some of which have been altered by water, but not by very much water. The dust in Gusev Crater is the same as dust all around the planet. All the dust was found to be magnetic. Moreover, Spirit found the magnetism was caused by the mineral magnetite, especially magnetite that contained the element titanium. One magnet was able to completely divert all dust hence all Martian dust is thought to be magnetic. The spectra of the dust was similar to spectra of bright, low thermal inertia regions like Tharsis and Arabia that have been detected by orbiting satellites. A thin layer of dust, maybe less than one millimeter thick covers all surfaces. Something in it contains a small amount of chemically bound water. Observations of rocks on the plains show they contain the minerals pyroxene, olivine, plagioclase, and magnetite. These rocks can be classified in different ways. The amounts and types of minerals make the rocks primitive basalts\u2014also called picritic basalts.", "More recently, on 16 May 2012, \"Mount Sharp\" was officially named Aeolis Mons by the USGS and IAU. Some regions in the Aeolis quadrangle show inverted relief. In these locations, a stream bed may be a raised feature, instead of a valley. The inverted former stream channels may be caused by the deposition of large rocks or due to cementation. In either case erosion would erode the surrounding land but leave the old channel as a raised ridge because the ridge will be more resistant to erosion Yardangs are another feature found in this quadrangle They are generally visible as a series of parallel linear ridges, caused by the direction of the prevailing wind. The rocks on the plains of Gusev are a type of basalt. They contain the minerals olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, and magnetite, and they look like volcanic basalt as they are fine-grained with irregular holes (geologists would say they have vesicles and vugs). Much of the soil on the plains came from the breakdown of the local rocks. Fairly high levels of nickel were found in some soils; probably from meteorites. Analysis shows that the rocks have been slightly altered by tiny amounts of water. Outside coatings and cracks inside the rocks suggest water deposited minerals, maybe bromine compounds. All the rocks contain a fine coating of dust and one or more harder kinds of material. One type can be brushed off, while another needed to be ground off by the Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT). There are a variety of rocks in the Columbia Hills (Mars), some of which have been altered by water, but not by very much water. The dust in Gusev Crater is the same as dust all around the planet. All the dust was found to be magnetic.", "They contain the minerals olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, and magnetite, and they look like volcanic basalt as they are fine-grained with irregular holes (geologists would say they have vesicles and vugs). Much of the soil on the plains came from the breakdown of the local rocks. Fairly high levels of nickel were found in some soils; probably from meteorites. Analysis shows that the rocks have been slightly altered by tiny amounts of water. Outside coatings and cracks inside the rocks suggest water deposited minerals, maybe bromine compounds. All the rocks contain a fine coating of dust and one or more harder rinds of material. One type can be brushed off, while another needed to be ground off by the Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT). There are a variety of rocks in the Columbia Hills (Mars), some of which have been altered by water, but not by very much water. The dust in Gusev Crater is the same as dust all around the planet. All the dust was found to be magnetic. Moreover, Spirit found the magnetism was caused by the mineral magnetite, especially magnetite that contained the element titanium. One magnet was able to completely divert all dust hence all Martian dust is thought to be magnetic. The spectra of the dust was similar to spectra of bright, low thermal inertia regions like Tharsis and Arabia that have been detected by orbiting satellites. A thin layer of dust, maybe less than one millimeter thick covers all surfaces. Something in it contains a small amount of chemically bound water. Observations of rocks on the plains show they contain the minerals pyroxene, olivine, plagioclase, and magnetite. These rocks can be classified in different ways. The amounts and types of minerals make the rocks primitive basalts\u2014also called picritic basalts."], "answer": {"text": "All the rocks contain a fine coating of dust and one or more harder rinds of material.", "answer_start": 604}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Spirit's main discovery?", "answer": {"text": "Analysis shows that the rocks have been slightly altered by tiny amounts of water.", "answer_start": 417, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which Martian rocks were analysed?", "answer": {"text": "All the rocks contain a fine coating of dust and one or more harder rinds of material.", "answer_start": 604, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What materials do Martian rocks contain?", "answer": {"text": "They contain the minerals olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, and magnetite, and they look like volcanic basalt as they are fine-grained with irregular holes", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where were these rocks found?", "answer": {"text": "There are a variety of rocks in the Columbia Hills, some of which have been altered by water, but not by very much water.", "answer_start": 791, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did water alter the Martian rocks?", "answer": {"text": "Outside coatings and cracks inside the rocks suggest water deposited minerals, maybe bromine compounds.", "answer_start": 500, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_71b8193bd8234404b0287d62f7878b8c_1_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides the discovery of water in Mars are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Lakes on Mars In summer 1965, the first close-up images from Mars showed a cratered desert with no signs of water. However, over the decades, as more parts of the planet were imaged with better cameras on more sophisticated satellites, Mars showed evidence of past river valleys, lakes and present ice in glaciers and in the ground. It was discovered that the climate of Mars displays huge changes over geologic time because its axis is not stabilized by a large moon, as Earth's is. Also, some researchers maintain that surface liquid water could have existed for periods of time due to geothermal effects, chemical composition or asteroid impacts. This article describes some of the places that could have held large lakes. Besides seeing features that were signs of past surface water, researchers found other types of evidence for past water. Minerals detected in many locations needed water to form. An instrument in \"2001 Mars Odyssey\" orbiter mapped the distribution of water in the shallow surface. When the \"Phoenix\" lander fired its retrorockets to land in the far north, ice was exposed. When water enters a large body of water, such as a lake, a delta may form. Many craters and other depressions on Mars show deltas that resemble those on Earth. In addition, if a lake lies in a depression, channels entering it will all stop at the same altitude. Such an arrangement is visible around places on Mars that are supposed to have contained large bodies of water, including around a possible ocean in the north. Lake formation in the past has been suspected by various researchers for quite some time. One study found 205 possible closed-basin lakes in craters on Mars. The basins have an inlet valley that cuts the crater rim and flows into the basin, but they have no visible outlet valley. The total volume of the basins is equivalent to a depth of 1.2 meters spread evenly over the Martian surface.", "that manifested the ideals of the Brazilian Black Movement. Their purpose was to unite the Afro-Brazilians affected by the oppressive government and politically organize so that there could be lasting change among their community. Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea's success has continued ever since and their numbers have grown into the thousands. Even today, the black only bloco continues to exclude others because of their skin color. They do this by advertising exclusive parties and benefits for members, as well as physically shunning and pushing you away if you try to include yourself. Though the media has called it \u2018racist\u2019, to a large degree the black-only \"bloco\" has become one of the most interesting aspects of Salvador's Carnaval and is continuously accepted as a way of life. Combined with the influence of Olodum in Salvador, musical protest and representation as a product of slavery and black consciousness has slowly grown into a more powerful force. Musical representation of problems and issues have long been part of Brazil's history, and Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea and Olodum both produce creative ways to remain relevant and popular. Slavery as an institution in Brazil was unrivaled in all of the Americas. The sheer number of African slaves brought to Brazil and moved around South America greatly influenced the entirety of the Americas. Indigenous groups, Portuguese colonists, and African slaves all contributed to the melting pot that has created Brazil. The mixture of African religions that survived throughout slavery and Catholicism, Candombl\u00e9, has created some of the most interesting and diverse cultural aspects. In Bahia, statues of African gods called Orishas pay homage to the unique African presence in the nation's largest Afro-Brazilian state. Not only are these Orishas direct links to their past ancestry, but also reminders to the cultures the Brazilian people come from. Condombl\u00e9 and the Orishas serve as an ever-present reminder that African slaves were brought to Brazil.", "Ross Bonaime of \"Paste\" gave the episode a 6 out of 10 rating and wrote \"\"Person of Interest\" does genuinely have interesting aspects to its story. But all those take place in flashbacks, while the show wants to spend a majority of its time in the present, which to put it simply, is pretty boring. If \"Person of Interest\" can focus on the mystery of the show, the build up to the meeting of Reese and Finch and their relationship, the show could go some great places. But as for right now, \"Person of Interest\" seems content in being not that interesting.\" Morgan Jeffery of \"Digital Spy\" wrote \"Got to love the stylish \"Person of Interest\" title sequence introduced with this episode, featuring a moody voice-over from Michael Emerson. The flashbacks are a nice addition to the 'A' story this week - we get an intriguing glimpse into Finch's past and it'll be interesting to see how the story arc involving his deceased partner develops.\" Luke Gelineau of \"TV Equals\" wrote \"The second episode, in many ways, is the most important episode for shows like this. The pilot lays out the rules, introduces the characters and their motivations, and tells us what the parameters of the show will be. The second episode, 'Ghosts', is an indicator of what kind of show this is really going to be. Not every episode can be like the pilot and introduce so many new dynamics, so we now get to see what we\u2019ll be getting for the rest of the series. \" Sean McKenna of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode a 4.2 star rating out of 5 and wrote \"All in all, this episode was a solid outing that continued to establish the tone and feel for the story and its characters. It's looking to be one interesting and action packed ride.\"", "MaRS Discovery District MaRS Discovery District is a not-for-profit corporation founded in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 2000. Its stated goal is to commercialize publicly funded medical research and other technologies with the help of local private enterprises and as such is a public-private partnership. As part of its mission MaRS says, \"MaRS helps create successful global businesses from Canada's science, technology and social innovation.\" , startup companies emerging from MaRS had created more than 4,000 jobs, and in the period of 2011 to 2014 had raised over $750 million in capital investments. The name MaRS was originally drawn from a file name, and later attributed with the title \"Medical and Related Sciences. \" It has since abandoned this association as it also works in other fields such as information and communications technology, engineering, and social innovation. It is located on the corner of College Street and University Avenue in the city of Toronto\u2019s Discovery District, adjacent to the University of Toronto and its affiliated research hospitals at the University Health Network. The MaRS development consists of two phases. MaRS Discovery District Phase 1 was designed by Adamson Associates Architects and includes: Inside the Heritage Building's four-storey brick fa\u00e7ade (preserved) are tenant spaces occupied by professional services, industry associations, pharmaceutical companies and offices of Canadian universities and the province of Ontario. In 2006, the MaRS Centre received the Heritage Toronto Award of Excellence for Architectural Conservation and Craftsmanship. The building was designed by Pearson and Darling and opened in 1911. The MaRS atrium is a glass-roofed public thoroughfare that provides walkway access to Heritage Building tenants and retail vendors, as well as access to the South and Medical Discovery Towers. Its bottom level features a sub-dividable conference area that hosts public and private events. MaRS encourages events from across Toronto's arts, culture and broader urban community.", "List of Mars analogs This is list of Mars analogs, which simulate aspects of the conditions human beings could experience during a future mission to Mars, or different aspects of Mars such as its materials or conditions. This is often used for testing aspects of spacecraft missions to that planet Some examples of analog tests with people include NASA conducting a 120-day study in Hawaii to test a space food diet (HI-SEAS), and equipment tests inside Austrian mountain caves in 2012. A future Mars base has been compared to the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica, because relatively small groups must survive in extreme conditions there. Mars analogs are sometimes chosen for their location, for example, Devon Island is at 75\u00b0N latitude which provides solar radiance similar to the Martian Equator. Similarly, high altitudes can provide an equivalent to the low pressure of the Mars atmosphere Mars regolith has been attempted to be replicated by Mars regolith simulant Among these are: At about 28 miles (45 km, 150 thousand feet ) Earth altitude the pressure starts to be equivalent to Mars surface pressure. However, the major component of Mars air, CO gas, is denser than Earth air for a given pressure. Perhaps more significantly there is no land at this altitude on earth. The highest point on earth is the summit of Mount Everest at about 5.5 miles (8.8 km, 29 thousand feet), where the pressure is about fifty times greater than on the surface of Mars. The correct atmospheric pressure can be created by a vacuum chamber. NASA's Space Power Facility was used to test the airbag landing systems for the Mars Pathfinder and the Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, under simulated Mars atmospheric conditions. The gravity of Mars is about 38% of Earth's gravity at the surface, about 3.7 meters per second."], "answer": {"text": "The dust in Gusev Crater is the same as dust all around the planet. All the dust was found to be magnetic.", "answer_start": 913}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Spirit's main discovery?", "answer": {"text": "Analysis shows that the rocks have been slightly altered by tiny amounts of water.", "answer_start": 417, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which Martian rocks were analysed?", "answer": {"text": "All the rocks contain a fine coating of dust and one or more harder rinds of material.", "answer_start": 604, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What materials do Martian rocks contain?", "answer": {"text": "They contain the minerals olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, and magnetite, and they look like volcanic basalt as they are fine-grained with irregular holes", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where were these rocks found?", "answer": {"text": "There are a variety of rocks in the Columbia Hills, some of which have been altered by water, but not by very much water.", "answer_start": 791, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did water alter the Martian rocks?", "answer": {"text": "Outside coatings and cracks inside the rocks suggest water deposited minerals, maybe bromine compounds.", "answer_start": 500, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did all the rocks contain water deposited minerals?", "answer": {"text": "All the rocks contain a fine coating of dust and one or more harder rinds of material.", "answer_start": 604, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_71b8193bd8234404b0287d62f7878b8c_1_q#7", "question": "How did Spirit find out about magnetic dust?", "rewrite": "How did Spirit find out about magnetic dust?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Enemy Within (Star Trek: The Original Series) \" The Enemy Within\" is the fifth episode of the of the American science fiction television series, \"\". Written by Richard Matheson and directed by Leo Penn, it first aired on October 6, 1966. A transporter malfunction causes Captain Kirk to be split into two people, one \"good,\" but weak and ineffectual; the other \"evil,\" but strong and decisive. On stardate 1672.1, the Federation starship USS \"Enterprise\" is on a geological exploration of the planet Alpha 177. Geological Technician Fisher is injured after a fall and transported aboard the \"Enterprise\", though Chief Engineer Scott has some trouble with the transporter. The transporter equipment appears to be fine but he notices some magnetic dust from ore samples covering Fisher's uniform that may have interfered with the transport and the uniform is decontaminated. Later, Captain Kirk transports back to the ship. The transporter appears to work correctly, but Kirk experiences some disorientation, and Scott escorts Kirk out of the transporter room. They are unaware when the transporter activates a second time, materializing a second version of Kirk which behaves more maliciously than his counterpart. This \"evil\" Kirk begins to wander the ship, and those he encounters are confused by his behavior. Scott assists in beaming a dog-like animal specimen from the planet, but he and the others are surprised when two identical creatures materialize \u2013 one completely docile and the other vicious. Scott surmises that the ore dust has caused the transporter to split the personalities of those they beamed up, creating good and evil counterparts. Scott reports this to Mr Spock and then orders the transporter taken out of service to investigate, stranding the landing party on the planet as the bitterly cold night sets in.", "After a long break the AWO return on March 23, 2016 with the \"Extreme Rules\" show that featured a Number 1 Contender's Match for the vacated AWO Championship to be held on the annual show \"WrestleFest v\", in that match Blondevil defeated his former tag team partner Goldman in a chairs match in order to face The Arabian Horse for the title. \"The 11th Commandment 2\" took place on April 26, 2016 which featured the return of the Israeli Champion Adi Hurvitz and the debut of \"The Volk\" and Goldman defeats Hellboy in an extreme rules match in the main event. \"The Road To WrestleFest\" Was held on May 23, 2016 where \"The Arabian Horse\" defeated \"Rockstar\" Adi Hurvitz in a tables match and Blondevil defeated Hellboy. \"Wrestlefest V\" has taken place on June 28, 2016 where we saw Goldman win the Number 1 Contenders Match for the AWO Championship, The Volk beat \"Rockstar\" Adi Hurvitz to win the Israeli Championship & \"Blondevil\" beat \"The Arabian Horse\" to become the 3 times AWO Champion, the show had also the debut of A+ (a stable that consist the AWO Academy wrestlers CJ Chaos, Double B, Maor Raizeng, El Mystic, Johnny Light & Dean Arrow).", "Three of the magnets were designed to draw airborne magnetic dust from the atmosphere and four small magnets were placed on the arm, built into the Rock Abrasion Tool. They were designed to capture magnetic dust liberated from the Martian rocks during abrasion. The dust was analysed by onboard instruments including cameras using various spectroscopy filters. The results from the magnet experiment was considered a success in that they helped the understanding of how the dust on Mars was composed and built up. Members of the team, including Madsen, were at the control center at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena during the rovers' landing and the first three months of initial data collection. In 2007, Madsen's team was invited by NASA to design the three radiometric calibration targets for the Phoenix mission called \"Improved Sweep Magnet Experiment\" (ISWEEP). The target consisted of an aluminum holder (carrying structure) containing a palette of different calibrated colors of synthetic pigmented rubber with \"sweeping magnets\" underneath to clear the colored material of the magnetic Martian dust, assisting in calibrating the cameras of the mission", "Ferrofluid A ferrofluid or ferromagnetic fluid is a liquid that becomes strongly magnetized in the presence of a magnetic field. A process for making a ferrofluid was invented in 1963 by NASA's Steve Papell to create liquid rocket fuel that could be drawn toward a pump inlet in a weightless environment by applying a magnetic field. The name ferrofluid was introduced, the process improved, more highly magnetic liquids synthesized, additional carrier liquids discovered, and the physical chemistry elucidated by R. E. Rosensweig and colleagues; in addition Rosensweig evolved a new branch of fluid mechanics termed ferrohydrodynamics. Ferrofluids are colloidal liquids made of nanoscale ferromagnetic, or ferrimagnetic, particles suspended in a fluid (usually an organic solvent or water). Each tiny particle is thoroughly coated with a surfactant to inhibit clumping. Large ferromagnetic particles can be ripped out of the homogeneous colloidal mixture, forming a separate clump of magnetic dust when exposed to strong magnetic fields. The magnetic attraction of nanoparticles is weak enough that the surfactant's Van der Waals force is sufficient to prevent magnetic clumping or agglomeration. Ferrofluids usually do not retain magnetization in the absence of an externally applied field and thus are often classified as \"superparamagnets\" rather than ferromagnets. In 2019, researchers at the University of Massachusetts and Beijing University of Chemical Technology succeeded in creating a permanently magnetic ferrofluid which retains its magnetism when the external magnetic field is removed. The researchers also found that the droplet's magnetic properties were preserved even if the shape was physically changed or it was divided.", "On Earth, dust that leaves atmospheric suspension usually gets aggregated into larger particles through the action of soil moisture or gets suspended in oceanic waters. It helps that most of earth's surface is covered by liquid water. Neither process occurs on Mars, leaving deposited dust available for suspension back into the Martian atmosphere. In fact, the composition of Martian atmospheric dust \u2013 very similar to surface dust \u2013 as observed by the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer, may be volumetrically dominated by composites of plagioclase feldspar and zeolite which can be mechanically derived from Martian basaltic rocks without chemical alteration. Observations of the Mars Exploration Rovers\u2019 magnetic dust traps suggest that about 45% of the elemental iron in atmospheric dust is maximally (3+) oxidized and that nearly half exists in titanomagnetite, both consistent with mechanical derivation of dust with aqueous alteration limited to just thin films of water. Collectively, these observations support the absence of water-driven dust aggregation processes on Mars. Furthermore, wind activity dominates the surface of Mars at present, and the abundant dune fields of Mars can easily yield particles into atmospheric suspension through effects such as larger grains disaggregating fine particles through collisions. The Martian atmospheric dust particles are generally 3 \u00b5m in diameter. It is important to note that while the atmosphere of Mars is thinner, Mars also has a lower gravitational acceleration, so the size of particles that will remain in suspension cannot be estimated with atmospheric thickness alone. Electrostatic and van der Waals forces acting among fine particles introduce additional complexities to calculations. Rigorous modeling of all relevant variables suggests that 3 \u00b5m diameter particles can remain in suspension indefinitely at most wind speeds, while particles as large as 20 \u00b5m diameter can enter suspension from rest at surface wind turbulence as low as 2 ms or remain in suspension at 0.8 ms."], "answer": {"text": "One magnet was able to completely divert all dust hence all Martian dust is thought to be magnetic.", "answer_start": 1152}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Spirit's main discovery?", "answer": {"text": "Analysis shows that the rocks have been slightly altered by tiny amounts of water.", "answer_start": 417, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which Martian rocks were analysed?", "answer": {"text": "All the rocks contain a fine coating of dust and one or more harder rinds of material.", "answer_start": 604, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What materials do Martian rocks contain?", "answer": {"text": "They contain the minerals olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, and magnetite, and they look like volcanic basalt as they are fine-grained with irregular holes", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where were these rocks found?", "answer": {"text": "There are a variety of rocks in the Columbia Hills, some of which have been altered by water, but not by very much water.", "answer_start": 791, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did water alter the Martian rocks?", "answer": {"text": "Outside coatings and cracks inside the rocks suggest water deposited minerals, maybe bromine compounds.", "answer_start": 500, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did all the rocks contain water deposited minerals?", "answer": {"text": "All the rocks contain a fine coating of dust and one or more harder rinds of material.", "answer_start": 604, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The dust in Gusev Crater is the same as dust all around the planet. All the dust was found to be magnetic.", "answer_start": 913, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_63779f1d353d42d797a91b1c93ad49a3_0_q#0", "question": "What is Fruition of the farm system?", "rewrite": "What is Fruition of the farm system?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Joe Klein (baseball executive) Joseph Anthony Klein III (August 22, 1942 \u2013 August 23, 2017) was an American professional baseball executive. At the time of his death, Klein was the executive director of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball, an independent circuit that operates in the Northeast United States. Klein was a farm director, scouting director, and general manager in Major League Baseball from 1976 through 1995. Born in Baltimore, Maryland, he graduated from Baltimore Polytechnic Institute. During his playing career, Klein was a minor league first baseman in the Washington Senators farm system from 1962 to 1968. A left-handed batter and thrower, he hit .278 in 1,733 at bats. After retiring from the field, he spent 16 years as a minor league manager and front office executive with the franchise, beginning in 1969 when it was still the expansion edition of the Senators, and continuing after it became the Texas Rangers in 1972. He managed farm clubs in the Class A Western Carolinas League and Carolina League, the Double-A Eastern League (where his 1973 Pittsfield Rangers club won a division championship) and the Rookie-level Gulf Coast League between 1969 and 1978. In 1976, Klein also added the title of assistant farm system director of the Rangers, and was promoted to head of the club's farm system and then director, player procurement and development, between 1978 and 1982. In October 1982, he was promoted to general manager of the Rangers, who had finished next-to-last in the American League West Division that season. The Rangers improved by 13 games to finish third in the AL West in 1983, but the team regressed to only 69 wins in 1984 and Klein was fired. He then joined the Kansas City Royals as assistant general manager for 1985, working with John Schuerholz during the Royals' first world championship season.", "To prevent players from stagnating in the minor leagues and ensure they had the opportunity to advance to major league clubs, Landis implemented a policy that allowed major league clubs to draft players who spent two consecutive seasons on one minor league team. In 1919, Rickey purchased an eighteen percent stake in the Texas League club Houston Buffaloes, then acquired interests in players in two minor leagues and a number of other teams. From these connections, Rickey blueprinted and revolutionized a farm system \u2013\u2013 an assembly line of young talent in the minor leagues which allowed the Cardinals to develop without risk of interference or losing them to other major league clubs. His approach to \"farming prospects\" supplanted the practice of bidding to acquire top minor league players from independent teams and allowed control of minor leaguers and their development at little cost. To fund the further establishment of the Cardinals farm system, Rickey sold the Cardinals' ballpark, Robison Field \u2013\u2013 which had become riddled with defects over the years \u2013\u2013 and moved the club across town to Sportsman's Park to become tenants of their American League rivals, the Browns. The Cardinals farm system proved so successful that it led to the franchise's second golden era that persisted throughout Breadon's tenure, including nine World Series appearances between 1926 and 1946. All other 15 major league clubs followed suit, and it is a practice still employed by all Major League teams today and other major professional sports. For this, Rickey is credited with expanding many of the operational and player development techniques that overlap what is common to today's general manager. Rickey's development of the Cardinals minor league system invariably did not elude its share of obstacles. Landis disliked the farm system model as he felt that it damaged the fabric of baseball by mitigating competitive gamesmanship for pennant races and lionizing season-long exhibition play.", "Hal Keller Harold Kefauver Keller (July 7, 1927 \u2013 June 5, 2012) was an American professional baseball player and executive who served as the fourth general manager in the history of the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball (1984\u201385). Born on a farm in Middletown, Maryland, he graduated from the University of Maryland with a degree in economics and served in the United States Army during World War II. His older brother, Charlie Keller, was an All-Star left fielder with the New York Yankees and Detroit Tigers. During an eight-season pro playing career, which began in 1948, Keller appeared as a catcher in 25 games for the Washington Senators of Major League Baseball between 1949 and 1952. A left-handed batter, he stood tall and weighed . His 11 big-league hits included five doubles and one home run, a two-run shot hit at Fenway Park off James Atkins of the Boston Red Sox on September 29, 1950. After managing in the Senators' farm system during the late 1950s, he scouted for them until the franchise moved to Minneapolis\u2013Saint Paul as the Minnesota Twins after the 1960 season. Keller, however, remained in Washington as farm system director of the expansion Senators in 1961 and . After spending with his old organization, the Twins, as a scout, Keller rejoined the expansion Senators as their director of player development and scouting in , a post he held for 15 years, through the team's 1972 transfer to Dallas\u2013Fort Worth as the Texas Rangers. After 1978, Keller left the Rangers to become farm system and scouting director of the Seattle Mariners (1979\u201383). During his two decades as farm and scouting director with the Senators/Rangers and the Mariners, he signed and developed players such as Phil Bradley, Jeff Burroughs, Joe Coleman, Mike Hargrove, Mark Langston, Bill Madlock, Jim Sundberg and Bill Swift.", "Branch Rickey Jr. Wesley Branch Rickey Jr. (January 31, 1914 \u2013 April 10, 1961) was an American front office executive in Major League Baseball. The son of Baseball Hall of Fame club executive Branch Rickey, who among his many achievements invented the farm system and led the movement within baseball to break the color line, Branch Jr. \u2014 called \"The Twig\" by many \u2014 was a highly respected farm system director, but never led his own organization. He was the father of Branch Barrett Rickey, widely known as \"Branch Rickey III\", a longtime baseball executive and the current president of the Pacific Coast League. Like his father, Rickey graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University and attended the University of Michigan School of Law. Branch Jr. entered baseball in 1935 as business manager of the Albany, Georgia \"Travelers\" of the Class D Georgia\u2013Florida League, one of the many farm clubs in his father's St. Louis Cardinals organization. In 1939, he joined the archrival Brooklyn Dodgers as farm system director, recruited by the then-Brooklyn president, Larry MacPhail. However, in a strange turn of events, when MacPhail resigned at the end of the 1942 season to rejoin the armed forces, he was replaced by Branch Sr., who in 1945 became a co-owner of the Brooklyn club. The younger Rickey then worked with his father as the Dodgers' farm director, and, after 1947, assistant general manager, until the end of the 1950 season, when Walter O'Malley acquired controlling interest in the team and forced Rickey Sr., his former partner, out of the Brooklyn organization. Rickey Sr. then moved to the Pittsburgh Pirates as executive vice president and general manager, with Branch Jr. accompanying him as the Pirates' vice president and farm system director.", "\"From quantity comes quality,\" Rickey once observed, and, during the 1930s, with as many as 40 owned or affiliated farm teams, the Cardinals controlled the destinies of hundreds of players each year. (The reserve clause then bound players to their teams in perpetuity.) The Cardinals won nine National League pennants and six World Series championships between 1926 and 1946, proving the effectiveness of the farm system concept. Indeed, the second club to fully embrace such a system, the New York Yankees, used it to sustain their dynasty from the mid-1930s through the middle of the 1960s. When Rickey moved to the Brooklyn Dodgers as president and general manager in 1943, he built a hugely successful farm system there as well after the end of World War II. The teams that ignored the farm system in the 1930s and early 1940s (such as the Philadelphia A's and Phillies and the Washington Senators) found themselves falling on hard times. The existence of the minor league system is due in part to MLB's ability to include a reserve clause in its contracts with minor league players, which gives the major league team exclusive rights to a player even after the contract has expired. In a landmark 1922 Supreme Court decision, \"Federal Baseball Club v. National League\", baseball was granted a special immunity from antitrust laws. Despite the advent of free agency in 1976, which led many to predict the demise of the farm system, it still remains a strong component of a winning baseball strategy. The teams of the National Hockey League also have their own farm teams in the American Hockey League (AHL). For example, the Cleveland Monsters are the farm team for the Columbus Blue Jackets."], "answer": {"text": "Rickey's Cardinals, known as the \"Gashouse Gang\", were the class of the National League.", "answer_start": 9}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_63779f1d353d42d797a91b1c93ad49a3_0_q#1", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article other than Rickey's Cardinals?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["However, the Stars remained in Syracuse with Bartelme acting as the club's president from 1922-1925. Bartelme sold his interest in the Stars in January 1926. At the time of the sale, the \"Syracuse Herald\" praised Bartelme for his contributions to Syracuse baseball:\"Bartelme worked hand in hand with the Cardinals club during his three years and a half here and gave Syracuse the best baseball it has ever enjoyed.\" Among Bartelme's most profitable moves was his sale of slugger Jim Bottomley to the St. Louis Cardinals for $30,000. The Stars had acquired Bottomley for $1,000, and he quickly became a sensation while playing for the Stars. Upon selling his interest in the Syracuse Stars, Bartleme went into business with a manufacturing concern in St. Augustine, Florida. Bartelme invested considerable money in a firm constructing hollow brick tile for the building business in Florida. With Florida experiencing a building boom in 1926, Bartelme reported that he felt that his entire time must be devoted to his new business. In March 1928, Bartelme and Branch Rickey purchased the Dayton baseball franchise in the new Central League, and Bartelme became the club's president. According to a biography of Rickey, Bartelme was set back by \"business losses in Florida\" and was brought to St. Louis by Rickey as an office administrator. By 1929, press accounts identified Bartelme as assistant to Rickey for minor league relations. Bartelme continued to serve as vice president in charge of the Cardinals' minor league operations during Rickey's time in St. Louis. In December 1935, press accounts referred to him as the head of the Cardinals' chain of baseball farm teams.", "Rickey (cocktail) The rickey is a highball drink made from gin or bourbon, half of a lime squeezed and dropped in the glass, and carbonated water. Little or no sugar is added to the rickey. Originally created with bourbon in Washington, D.C. at Shoomaker's bar by bartender George A. Williamson in the 1880s, purportedly in collaboration with Democratic lobbyist Colonel Joe Rickey, it became a worldwide sensation when mixed with gin a decade later. A recipe for the rickey appeared as early as \"Daly's Bartenders' Encyclopedia\" (1903, p. 57) by Tim Daly: GIN RICKEY. Use a sour glass. Squeeze the juice of one lime into it. 1 small lump of ice. 1 wine glass of Plymouth gin. Fill the glass with syphon seltzer, and serve with small bar spoon. Since 2008 the rickey has enjoyed a resurgence with the revival of classic cocktails and a group of bartenders based in Washington, D.C. known as the D.C. Craft Bartenders Guild, establishing July as Rickey Month. Now most rickeys are made with gin (a gin rickey), also known as a lime rickey, or as a virgin cocktail variant served at soda fountains on the U.S. east coast. The mojito, which originated in Cuba, is a popular relative of the rickey, made with lime juice, rum, simple syrup or muddled sugar, soda water, and muddled mint leaves. In 1883, Colonel Joe Rickey was purported to have invented the \"Joe Rickey,\" after a bartender at Shoomaker's in Washington, D.C. added a lime to his \"mornin's morning,\" a daily dose of Bourbon with lump ice and Apollinaris sparkling mineral water.", "However, the next year, Doak and the Cardinals failed to parlay their previous season's success as they lost nine more games and dropped into sixth place. One bright spot was slugging second baseman Rogers Hornsby making his Major League d\u00e9but, who appeared in eighteen games. Meanwhile, the fan-controlled club continued to lack a point man with substantial baseball operations experience to run the club. However, the club found their operations manager in 1917 when the Cardinals ownership group persuaded new Browns owner Phil Ball to release Branch Rickey, then-Browns president, from his contract to become president and business manager of the Cardinals. Ball was contemptuous of Rickey's religious practices which influenced his approach to the game, and the two men frequently clashed as thus. In spite of the quarreling, Rickey was reluctant to join the Cardinals because the club was notoriously undercapitalized and underachieving. However, another role as team president meant Rickey could stay in St. Louis to rear his growing family. After dropping even further toward the bottom of the NL in 1916, the 1917 Cardinals toiled to match their third-place finish in 1914. Hornsby, entering his prime, led the NL in slugging percentage (.484) and OPS (.869) and rated his best defensive season at 3.5 wins above average. Rickey frequently bickered with Huggins, who chafed over Rickey's theoretical approach to the game. After the season, the New York Yankees lured Huggins away to be their manager. The Cardinals again flopped the next two seasons, finishing with a .395 and .394 winning percentage. Breadon, a St. Louis Pierce-Arrow auto dealer who still owned a minority share, decided that he enjoyed his interaction with sports stars after meeting Hornsby at a baseball dinner in 1917.", "To prevent players from stagnating in the minor leagues and ensure they had the opportunity to advance to major league clubs, Landis implemented a policy that allowed major league clubs to draft players who spent two consecutive seasons on one minor league team. In 1919, Rickey purchased an eighteen percent stake in the Texas League club Houston Buffaloes, then acquired interests in players in two minor leagues and a number of other teams. From these connections, Rickey blueprinted and revolutionized a farm system \u2013\u2013 an assembly line of young talent in the minor leagues which allowed the Cardinals to develop without risk of interference or losing them to other major league clubs. His approach to \"farming prospects\" supplanted the practice of bidding to acquire top minor league players from independent teams and allowed control of minor leaguers and their development at little cost. To fund the further establishment of the Cardinals farm system, Rickey sold the Cardinals' ballpark, Robison Field \u2013\u2013 which had become riddled with defects over the years \u2013\u2013 and moved the club across town to Sportsman's Park to become tenants of their American League rivals, the Browns. The Cardinals farm system proved so successful that it led to the franchise's second golden era that persisted throughout Breadon's tenure, including nine World Series appearances between 1926 and 1946. All other 15 major league clubs followed suit, and it is a practice still employed by all Major League teams today and other major professional sports. For this, Rickey is credited with expanding many of the operational and player development techniques that overlap what is common to today's general manager. Rickey's development of the Cardinals minor league system invariably did not elude its share of obstacles. Landis disliked the farm system model as he felt that it damaged the fabric of baseball by mitigating competitive gamesmanship for pennant races and lionizing season-long exhibition play.", "Branch Rickey Jr. Wesley Branch Rickey Jr. (January 31, 1914 \u2013 April 10, 1961) was an American front office executive in Major League Baseball. The son of Baseball Hall of Fame club executive Branch Rickey, who among his many achievements invented the farm system and led the movement within baseball to break the color line, Branch Jr. \u2014 called \"The Twig\" by many \u2014 was a highly respected farm system director, but never led his own organization. He was the father of Branch Barrett Rickey, widely known as \"Branch Rickey III\", a longtime baseball executive and the current president of the Pacific Coast League. Like his father, Rickey graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University and attended the University of Michigan School of Law. Branch Jr. entered baseball in 1935 as business manager of the Albany, Georgia \"Travelers\" of the Class D Georgia\u2013Florida League, one of the many farm clubs in his father's St. Louis Cardinals organization. In 1939, he joined the archrival Brooklyn Dodgers as farm system director, recruited by the then-Brooklyn president, Larry MacPhail. However, in a strange turn of events, when MacPhail resigned at the end of the 1942 season to rejoin the armed forces, he was replaced by Branch Sr., who in 1945 became a co-owner of the Brooklyn club. The younger Rickey then worked with his father as the Dodgers' farm director, and, after 1947, assistant general manager, until the end of the 1950 season, when Walter O'Malley acquired controlling interest in the team and forced Rickey Sr., his former partner, out of the Brooklyn organization. Rickey Sr. then moved to the Pittsburgh Pirates as executive vice president and general manager, with Branch Jr. accompanying him as the Pirates' vice president and farm system director."], "answer": {"text": "Kenesaw Mountain Landis, the Commissioner of Baseball, was concerned that Rickey's minor league system was going to ruin baseball by destroying existing minor league teams,", "answer_start": 588}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Fruition of the farm system?", "answer": {"text": "Rickey's Cardinals, known as the \"Gashouse Gang\", were the class of the National League.", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_63779f1d353d42d797a91b1c93ad49a3_0_q#2", "question": "Did it ruin things?", "rewrite": "Did Rickey's minor league system ruin things?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["By 1930, Rickey's Cardinals, known as the \"Gashouse Gang\", were the class of the National League. They won 101 games in 1931 and won the World Series in seven games. The star of the 1931 World Series was rookie Pepper Martin, one of the first Cardinal stars that came from Branch's minor league system. Soon, other minor league graduates joined the team, among them future hall of famers Dizzy Dean and Joe Medwick, nicknamed \"Ducky\", and Dean's brother Paul \"Daffy\" Dean. The Deans and Medwick were integral parts of the 1934 Cardinals, who won the franchise's third World Series title. Kenesaw Mountain Landis, the Commissioner of Baseball, was concerned that Rickey's minor league system was going to ruin baseball by destroying existing minor league teams, and he twice released over 70 Cardinal minor leaguers. Despite Landis' efforts, Rickey's minor league system stayed in existence, and similar systems were adopted by every major league team within a few years. Arguably, the farm system saved the minor leagues, by keeping them necessary after the television age began and minor league attendance figures declined. Rickey continued to develop the Cardinals up until the early 1940s. In his final year at St. Louis, 1942, the Cardinals had their best season in franchise history, winning 106 games and the World Series title. The team was led by a new crop of players developed by the Cardinals, two of whom, Enos Slaughter and Stan Musial, became Hall of Famers; and several others, among them future MVP Marty Marion, who were among the best at their position during their eras. Even their manager Billy Southworth was a product of their farm system.", "Most major league players start off their careers by working their way up the minor league system, from the lowest (Rookie) to the highest (AAA) classification, with the rare exceptions usually being those players signed from Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball. Since the elimination of the Bonus Rule, only a very small number of amateur players have gone directly into the MLB, including John Olerud, Jim Abbott, and Dave Winfield. The process of a player working his way up through the minor leagues is formally referred by most MLB teams as \"player development\". However, minor league affiliates are often informally referred to as \"farm teams\" and a major league player's misfortune of being sent back to the minors is sometimes described as being \"farmed out\". The farm system as it is recognized today was invented by Branch Rickey, who \u2013 as field manager, general manager, and club president \u2013 helped to build the St. Louis Cardinals dynasty during the 1920s, 30s, and 40s. When Rickey joined the team in 1916, players were commonly purchased by major league teams from independent, high-level minor league clubs. Rickey, a keen judge of talent, became frustrated when the players he had identified for purchase at the A and AA levels were offered for bid and sold by those independent clubs to wealthier rivals such as the Chicago Cubs and the New York Giants. With the support of Cardinal owner Sam Breadon, Rickey devised a plan whereby St. Louis would purchase and control its own minor league teams from Class D to Class AA (the highest level at the time), thus allowing them to promote or demote players as they developed, and \"grow\" their own talent. The talent pipeline began at tryout camps that St. Louis scouts conducted throughout the U.S.", "Roberts was signed by the Boston Braves in 1951 by the recommendation of scout Andy Cohen, who saw him play in the Mexican League during the 1950 off-season. They sent Roberts to their minor league affiliate in the Western League, the Denver Bears where Cohen was the manager. Prior to the 1952 season, the Bears became an affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates, and as part of a working agreement between the Braves and the Pirates, Roberts became a member of the Pirates organization for a $10,000 sum. Originally a shortstop in the Negro Leagues , he became a second baseman during his tenure with the Bears, and started to build a reputation as an excellent fielder, leading all minor league second basemen in fielding percentage in 1953. He stayed with the Bears for the next two seasons, playing a combined total of 280 games with 15 home runs and a .285 batting average. Prior to the 1954 Pittsburgh Pirates season, the local black community in Pittsburgh pressurized the team to integrate their roster, as other teams such as the Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Giants had done. To speed up the integration, the black community began to protest against the Pirates and boycotted Pirate home games. The general manager of the Pirates at the time was Branch Rickey, who seven years earlier as general manager of the Dodgers signed Jackie Robinson, the first black Major League Baseball player. After playing two years in the Pirates minor league system, Roberts made his major league debut on April 13, 1954 at Forbes Field, against the Philadelphia Phillies to become the first black player in Pirates' history. Prior to the game Rickey gave a speech to Roberts and his wife that was similar to that he gave to Robinson before his first game in 1947. In the speech, Rickey explained to Roberts that he needed to have a \"very even temper\" in order to succeed in the Major Leagues as racial abuse from the spectators was a common occurrence.", "Branch Barrett Rickey Branch Barrett Rickey (born November 1, 1945) is the 17th and current President of the Pacific Coast League (PCL), a Triple-A baseball league competing in Minor League Baseball (MiLB). He previously served as the President of the American Association from 1991 to 1997 before the league disbanded in conjunction with the 1998 Major League Baseball expansion and Triple-A realignment. Rickey is the grandson of Branch Rickey, who is best known for spearheading the movement within Major League Baseball to break the color barrier and for creating the framework for the modern minor league farm system. His father, Branch Rickey Jr., served as farm system director for both the Brooklyn Dodgers and Pittsburgh Pirates. Rickey competed in high school football, wrestling, and baseball. He attended Ohio Wesleyan University, where he majored in philosophy. He played soccer all four years and was co-captain in his senior year. He is a member of Delta Tau Delta fraternity. He graduated in 1967. He entered the Peace Corps in 1969 where he was assigned to Venezuela. He later worked as a college campus recruiter in the Southern United States and subsequently as regional recruitment director in 1971. Also in 1969, Rickey began to pursue freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling officiating. He was certified to judge and referee at the Olympic level, which did at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. Rickey began his professional baseball career with the Pittsburgh Pirates organization in 1963 at age 17 when he became business manager of their Rookie League affiliate, the Kingsport Pirates of the Appalachian League, in Kingsport, Tennessee. He continued in this capacity during his summers through 1965. After college, he returned to professional baseball in 1972 as assistant director of the Kansas City Royals Baseball Academy in Sarasota, Florida.", "To prevent players from stagnating in the minor leagues and ensure they had the opportunity to advance to major league clubs, Landis implemented a policy that allowed major league clubs to draft players who spent two consecutive seasons on one minor league team. In 1919, Rickey purchased an eighteen percent stake in the Texas League club Houston Buffaloes, then acquired interests in players in two minor leagues and a number of other teams. From these connections, Rickey blueprinted and revolutionized a farm system \u2013\u2013 an assembly line of young talent in the minor leagues which allowed the Cardinals to develop without risk of interference or losing them to other major league clubs. His approach to \"farming prospects\" supplanted the practice of bidding to acquire top minor league players from independent teams and allowed control of minor leaguers and their development at little cost. To fund the further establishment of the Cardinals farm system, Rickey sold the Cardinals' ballpark, Robison Field \u2013\u2013 which had become riddled with defects over the years \u2013\u2013 and moved the club across town to Sportsman's Park to become tenants of their American League rivals, the Browns. The Cardinals farm system proved so successful that it led to the franchise's second golden era that persisted throughout Breadon's tenure, including nine World Series appearances between 1926 and 1946. All other 15 major league clubs followed suit, and it is a practice still employed by all Major League teams today and other major professional sports. For this, Rickey is credited with expanding many of the operational and player development techniques that overlap what is common to today's general manager. Rickey's development of the Cardinals minor league system invariably did not elude its share of obstacles. Landis disliked the farm system model as he felt that it damaged the fabric of baseball by mitigating competitive gamesmanship for pennant races and lionizing season-long exhibition play."], "answer": {"text": "They won 101 games in 1931 and won the World Series in seven games.", "answer_start": 98}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Fruition of the farm system?", "answer": {"text": "Rickey's Cardinals, known as the \"Gashouse Gang\", were the class of the National League.", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Kenesaw Mountain Landis, the Commissioner of Baseball, was concerned that Rickey's minor league system was going to ruin baseball by destroying existing minor league teams,", "answer_start": 588, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_63779f1d353d42d797a91b1c93ad49a3_0_q#3", "question": "What other records do they hold?", "rewrite": "What other records do Cardinals hold other than winning 101 games in 1931 and the World Series?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The team showed modest improvement, but still managed only a sixth place finish. For his part, Javier batted just a .228 with thirty RBIs, both career lows for a full, healthy season. After two subpar seasons in a row, Javier headed into Spring training battling Phil Gagliano for the starting second base job. Javier ended up winning the job, and carrying the Cards to victories in their first six games, batting .435 with two home runs and eight runs scored. His batting average hovered around .300 through the middle of July, as he finished the season at .281 with 64 RBIs and a career high fourteen home runs. He was one of four Cardinals players to finish in the top ten in National League Most Valuable Player balloting. The Cardinals won 101 games in to cruise into a rematch of the World Series with the Boston Red Sox. In the second game at Fenway Park, Boston's Jim Lonborg came four outs away from recording the second no hitter in World Series history until Javier connected for a two-out double in the eighth. In the seventh and deciding game, Javier connected for a three run home run off Lonborg to seal St. Louis' 7-2 win. He also had an RBI in the Cardinals' 6-0 game four victory. He earned his second career All-Star nod when Red Schoendienst named him as a reserve on the NL team. The Cardinals won 97 games in to repeat as National League champions. They lost a seven game World Series to the Detroit Tigers in which Javier batted .333 with three RBIs. He drove in the lone Cardinals run of their 13-1 game six loss. Following the season, Javier began having back tax issues with the Internal Revenue Service that threatened his availability for the season.", "By 1930, Rickey's Cardinals, known as the \"Gashouse Gang\", were the class of the National League. They won 101 games in 1931 and won the World Series in seven games. The star of the 1931 World Series was rookie Pepper Martin, one of the first Cardinal stars that came from Branch's minor league system. Soon, other minor league graduates joined the team, among them future hall of famers Dizzy Dean and Joe Medwick, nicknamed \"Ducky\", and Dean's brother Paul \"Daffy\" Dean. The Deans and Medwick were integral parts of the 1934 Cardinals, who won the franchise's third World Series title. Kenesaw Mountain Landis, the Commissioner of Baseball, was concerned that Rickey's minor league system was going to ruin baseball by destroying existing minor league teams, and he twice released over 70 Cardinal minor leaguers. Despite Landis' efforts, Rickey's minor league system stayed in existence, and similar systems were adopted by every major league team within a few years. Arguably, the farm system saved the minor leagues, by keeping them necessary after the television age began and minor league attendance figures declined. Rickey continued to develop the Cardinals up until the early 1940s. In his final year at St. Louis, 1942, the Cardinals had their best season in franchise history, winning 106 games and the World Series title. The team was led by a new crop of players developed by the Cardinals, two of whom, Enos Slaughter and Stan Musial, became Hall of Famers; and several others, among them future MVP Marty Marion, who were among the best at their position during their eras. Even their manager Billy Southworth was a product of their farm system.", "Led by Gibson, the undisputed ace of the staff since Broglio's trade, and McCarver, the Cardinals then defeated the New York Yankees in a seven-game World Series. Even though he had been on the sidelines since August 17, Devine again was cited as the top executive in baseball by \"The Sporting News.\" Meanwhile, Keane resigned after the World Series triumph (and became skipper of the Yankees). Instead of Durocher, Cardinal coach Red Schoendienst was named as manager for 1965. Devine's departure was a cause-celebre in St. Louis, but the damage had been done. Although he landed on his feet as the successor to George Weiss, president of the Mets, Devine was forced to leave his hometown and the only team he had ever worked for at the pinnacle of his career. But, while Devine never moved his family to New York, he tackled his new job with gusto. On his watch, the Mets began to strengthen their farm system, signing and developing young pitching talent that would form the core of the 1969 world champions: Tom Seaver, Jerry Koosman, Nolan Ryan, Gary Gentry and Jim McAndrew. Meanwhile, Howsam left the Cardinals in January 1967 to become general manager of the Cincinnati Reds and Musial was named his successor. In , the Cardinals won 101 games and ran away with the National League race, winning the pennant by 10\u00bd games, then bested the Boston Red Sox in a seven-game World Series. The core of the team was Devine's, but Howsam had contributed significantly to the roster with his 1966 acquisitions of NL MVP first baseman Orlando Cepeda and right fielder Roger Maris. At the other extreme, the Mets\u2014most of their young pitching talent still ripening in the minors\u2014lost 101 games and finished dead last.", "1985 National League Championship Series The 1985 National League Championship Series was played between the St. Louis Cardinals and Los Angeles Dodgers from October 9\u201316. It was the first championship series played under the new best-of-seven format. In previous years, the NLCS had been settled by a best-of-five format. This series is best known for Ozzie Smith's dramatic walk-off home run in Game 5. Dodger announcer Vin Scully and former Cardinal player Joe Garagiola called the games for NBC. Both were announcers on the year-long \"Game of the Week\". The Cardinals made it to the series by winning 101 games and edging the New York Mets in the National League East. The Dodgers were led by Pedro Guerrero, and their talented pitching staff with a team ERA of 2.96. They beat the Cincinnati Reds by games. Wednesday, October 9, 1985, at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California The opening contest in Los Angeles pitted Dodgers screwballer Fernando Valenzuela against the Cardinals' twenty one-game winner, John Tudor. The pitchers matched zeroes through the first three innings, but in the bottom of the fourth an error by Terry Pendleton allowed Bill Madlock to reach first. After stealing second, Madlock came home on a Guerrero single to give the Dodgers a 1\u20130 lead. In the Dodgers' sixth, Madlock struck again when he doubled and then scored on a single by Mike Scioscia. Prior to Scioscia's single, the Cardinals had intentionally walked Guerrero, who later scored on a bunt by Candy Maldonado. A double by Steve Sax scored Maldonado, and Tudor got the hook.", "List of Minnesota Twins seasons The Minnesota Twins, formerly the Washington Senators, are a professional baseball franchise currently based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. They currently play in the American League (AL) Central division. The Minnesota Twins franchise has won three World Series in 1924, 1987 and 1991, the first of which occurred when the team was in Washington D.C. As the Senators, the team were annual doormats for the AL except 1924-1933 when the team played in three World Series (winning one). The team enjoyed success in their early years in Minnesota, reaching the World Series in 1965 and playing in two American League Championship Series with stars like Harmon Killebrew, Rod Carew, Tony Oliva, and Jim Kaat on the roster. From 1971 to 1986, the Twins failed to reach the postseason as their stars either retired, were traded, or fled via Free Agency. The Twins had eight straight losing seasons from 1993 to 2000 and the team was a frequent target for rumored MLB contraction, but this was followed by one the franchise's most consistent periods of success when the team only had one losing season (2007) between 2001 and 2010. Despite the team's success during this period, the Twins failed to reach another World Series. The team has been up and down since 2010; epitomized with the franchise losing 103 games in 2016, and winning 101 games (and reaching the playoffs) in 2019. The following table describes the Twins' MLB win\u2013loss record by decade. These statistics are from Baseball-Reference.com's \"Minnesota Twins History & Encyclopedia\", and are current as of October 1, 2019."], "answer": {"text": "1934 Cardinals, who won the franchise's third World Series title.", "answer_start": 522}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Fruition of the farm system?", "answer": {"text": "Rickey's Cardinals, known as the \"Gashouse Gang\", were the class of the National League.", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Kenesaw Mountain Landis, the Commissioner of Baseball, was concerned that Rickey's minor league system was going to ruin baseball by destroying existing minor league teams,", "answer_start": 588, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it ruin things?", "answer": {"text": "They won 101 games in 1931 and won the World Series in seven games.", "answer_start": 98, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_63779f1d353d42d797a91b1c93ad49a3_0_q#4", "question": "What brought them that win?", "rewrite": "What brought Cardinals the third World Series win?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The A's would return to the World Series the following season, making it three years in a row. However, they were unsuccessful in defending their championship as the Cincinnati Reds swept them in the 1990 World Series. Oakland has not returned to the World Series since then and has only made two appearances in the American League Championship Series\u2014losing in 1992 to the Toronto Blue Jays and in 2006 to the Detroit Tigers\u2014and a total of eleven times in the postseason (1992, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2018 and 2019) since the 1990 Series. At the time of the 1989 World Series, the Oakland franchise had not seen a World Series win since . The Giants, meanwhile, failed to repeat as National League Champions and would not return to the playoffs until 1997, when they were swept by the Florida Marlins in the NLDS. The Giants would not return to the World Series until , when they lost a seven-game series to the Anaheim Angels after holding a 3\u20132 series lead. It took the Giants until 2010 to get back to the World Series, and they won their first world championship since 1954, when the team was still located in New York, by defeating the Texas Rangers in five games. In , the Giants would go back to the World Series and defeat the Detroit Tigers in a four-game sweep, and in they would beat the Kansas City Royals in seven games to capture their third World Series crown in five seasons. On the A's, players Mark McGwire and Jose Canseco would later play for other teams. McGwire would be traded to the St. Louis Cardinals in 1997, where he would beat Roger Maris' single-season home run record in 1998 and retire as a Cardinal in 2001.", "Musial was considered the most consistent hitter of his era and most accomplished in team history, winning three MVPs and seven batting titles. St. Louis then won the 1946 World Series on Slaughter's Mad Dash in Game 7. Breadon was forced to sell the team in 1947 but won six World Series and nine NL pennants as Cardinals owner. They remained competitive, finishing .500 or better in thirteen of the next seventeen seasons, but fell short of winning the league or World Series until 1964. In 1953 the Anheuser-Busch brewery bought the Cardinals and August \"Gussie\" Busch became team president, spurring the Browns' departure in 1953 to Baltimore to become the Orioles, and making the Cardinals the only major league club in town. More success followed in the 1960s, starting with what is considered one of the most lopsided trades in Major League history, as St. Louis received outfielder Lou Brock from the Cubs for pitcher Ernie Broglio. MVP third baseman Ken Boyer and pitcher Bob Gibson led the club to a World Series win the same year and Curt Flood, Bill White, Curt Simmons, and Steve Carlton also made key contributions in this decade. In 1967, new arrival Orlando Cepeda won the MVP, helping to propel St. Louis to the World Series. The Cardinals won the league the following year behind their Major League-leading 2.49 staff ERA in what was an all-round record-breaking season of pitching dominance. Posting a modern-day record low ERA of 1.12 and striking out a one-game World Series-record of 17, Gibson won both the MVP and Cy Young awards that year. However, the Cardinals failed to repeat as World Series champions, blowing a 3-1 lead to the underdog Detroit Tigers.", "Despite no game in the series being decided by more than two runs, the Yankees would only require five games to beat the Mets. Al Leiter, a former Yankees prospect, would take the mound for the Mets in Game 5 and lose. The Yankees clinched their third straight World Series championship when Mariano Rivera got Mike Piazza to pop up for the final out of Game 5. World Series MVP Derek Jeter said of the Mets: \"In my opinion, the Mets were the toughest team we have played in my five years here. Every one of these games could have gone either way. They could have given up after [losing] the first two games, but they never quit. You can't say enough about the New York Mets.\" This World Series win was sense of revenge for Roger Clemens, because he won the World Series in the same stadium he lost it in 1986 while with the Red Sox. Members of the Mets' 1986 team threw out the ceremonial first pitch before the clinching game. The 12.4 television rating and 21 share of the 2000 World Series was the worst in history when it was played. For the Mets, the 12.4 rating was less than half of what they were when during their previous appearance, when Game 7 drew a 38.9 rating and 55 share. The Mets were aided by the St. Louis Cardinals for this series. The Cardinals' sweep of the Atlanta Braves in the NLDS eliminated what had been a particularly difficult opponent during the season for the Mets; the Braves had eliminated the Mets from the playoffs on the final day of the season and in the 1999 NLCS. The 2000 championship was the Yankees' last title until their 2009 World Series win. Since their appearance in 2000, the Mets would have several losing seasons until the emergence of David Wright and Jos\u00e9 Reyes.", "2006 World Series The 2006 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2006 season. The 102nd edition of the World Series , it was a best-of-seven playoff between the American League (AL) champion Detroit Tigers and the National League (NL) champion St. Louis Cardinals; the Cardinals won the series in five games, taking games one, three, four, and five. This was the third World Series meeting between the Tigers and the Cardinals, the first in 38 years. The Cardinals won the first in , and the Tigers won the second in ; each went the full seven games. It was only the fifth time in 40 years that the Series featured two teams that had both remained in the same city since the formation of the AL in 1901, the last time being the 2004 World Series between St. Louis and the Boston Red Sox. The last three prior to 2004 were in (Boston\u2013Cincinnati), 1968 (Detroit\u2013 St. Louis) and (Boston\u2013 St. Louis). The Cardinals, who moved into Busch Stadium in April, became the fourth team to win the Series in their home stadium's debut season, joining the Pittsburgh Pirates (Forbes Field), Boston Red Sox (Fenway Park) and New York Yankees (Yankee Stadium (I)). In 2009, they would be joined by the New York Yankees (Yankee Stadium). With this win, the Cardinals would join the Yankees on becoming only the 2nd team in MLB history to win 10 World Series Championships after defeating the Tigers. The Cardinals 10 wins is the most of any National League franchise, and second to only the Yankees' 27 (then 26) titles, and their first since . Cardinals manager Tony La Russa, who won the 1989 World Series title with the Athletics, became the second manager in history to lead teams in both leagues to championships, joining Sparky Anderson.", "1987 World Series The 1987 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1987 season. The 84th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff played between the American League (AL) champion Minnesota Twins and the National League (NL) champion St. Louis Cardinals. The Twins defeated the Cardinals four games to three to win the Series. Twins pitcher Frank Viola was named as the 1987 World Series MVP. It was the first World Series to feature games played indoors, and the first in which the home team won every game; this happened again in (also a Twins championship, this time over the Atlanta Braves) and in with the Arizona Diamondbacks defeating the New York Yankees. The World Series win was the first for the Twins franchise since 1924, when the team was located in Washington, D.C., and was known as the Washington Senators. This is the first World Series in which the series logo appeared on the jerseys; only the Cardinals wore it. Both contestants in the following year's World Series wore a patch. The 1987 World Series was notable in several regards: It featured the first World Series games played in an indoor stadium (the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome) and, to date, the last World Series game to start earlier than prime time in the eastern United States (Game 6 would start at 4:00 p.m. ET/3:00 p.m. CT), and it was the first World Series in which all games were won by the home team. (Four previous series had the home team winning the first six games, including the 1965 World Series, when the Twins dropped Game 7 to the Dodgers.) The bottom half of the ninth inning was never played in any game of this Series, and this was the first and only time this has ever happened."], "answer": {"text": "future hall of famers Dizzy Dean and Joe Medwick, nicknamed \"Ducky\", and Dean's brother Paul \"Daffy\" Dean.", "answer_start": 366}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Fruition of the farm system?", "answer": {"text": "Rickey's Cardinals, known as the \"Gashouse Gang\", were the class of the National League.", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Kenesaw Mountain Landis, the Commissioner of Baseball, was concerned that Rickey's minor league system was going to ruin baseball by destroying existing minor league teams,", "answer_start": 588, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it ruin things?", "answer": {"text": "They won 101 games in 1931 and won the World Series in seven games.", "answer_start": 98, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other records do they hold?", "answer": {"text": "1934 Cardinals, who won the franchise's third World Series title.", "answer_start": 522, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_63779f1d353d42d797a91b1c93ad49a3_0_q#5", "question": "Did they have any other big name players?", "rewrite": "Did Cardinals have any other big name players other than Dizzy Dean and Joe Medwick?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Cardinals, led by the Dean brothers, used only six other pitchers in amassing a team earned-run average of 2.34 for their 1934 Series victory, Pete Fox played for the losing team, yet became the only player in Series history, , to hit six doubles in a World Series. For his top-of-the-sixth triple in Game 7, Joe Medwick slid hard into Tiger third baseman Marv Owen. They tangled briefly, and when Medwick went back to his position in left field for the bottom of the inning enraged Tiger fans, knowing the game was all but lost (the score was 9\u20130 by then), vented their frustrations on him, pelting him with fruit, vegetables, bottles and cushions among other things. It was a feat for him to make the catch of a fly ball instead of the orange thrown close to it. Commissioner Landis ordered Medwick out of the game, ending the ruckus. Newsreel footage shows Medwick slamming his glove against the dugout bench in disgust. It was the only time a Commissioner has ever ejected a player from any major league game, .(Audio) Dizzy Dean nearly took himself out of the Series on a play in Game 4. In the fourth inning, he pinch-ran and broke up a double play the hard way; i.e., by taking the errant relay throw to first flush on the noggin. The great Dean lay unconscious on the field. (He was later to protest, \"Hell, it was only a glancing blow.\") He was rushed to a hospital for observation, where he was given a clean bill of health. Legend has it that at least one newspaper the next day featured the headline, \"X-ray of Dean's head shows nothing. \"", "From 1921\u201358, the Buffaloes were an important farm team of the Cardinals at the Class A, A1 and AA levels. During that period, star players such as brothers Dizzy Dean and Paul Dean, Solly Hemus, Vinegar Bend Mizell, Hal Epps, Don Gutteridge, Al Papai, Joe Medwick, Frank O. Mancuso, Harry Brecheen and Howie Pollet prepped in Houston on their way to the major leagues. 1928 was another landmark season for the ball club. With stars like on the roster like Red Worthington, Carey Selph, George Watkins, Ray Powell, Bubber Jonnard, Heinie Schuble, Tex Carleton, and Frank Snyder, the Houston Buffaloes took the Texas League championship that year. Pitcher Bill Hallahan led the league in strikeouts that season with a 2.25 ERA. They then progressed to their first ever interleague Dixie Series against the Southern Association champions, the Birmingham Barons where they won that series as well. West End Park was sold to the Houston Independent School District in 1928, and the Buffaloes moved into a brand new Buffalo Stadium on the opposite end of town. The Buffaloes and Buffalo Stadium were depicted in the 1952 film \"The Pride of St. Louis\" detailing Hall of Fame pitcher Dizzy Dean's minor league career with the Houston team. In the 1931 season, led by former Cardinals outfielder Joe Schultz, Sr., the Buffaloes' had 108 regular-season victories (in 159 games) and won the Texas League championship. The Buffaloes' most notable period came between 1939\u201341, when, as a Cardinal farm managed by Eddie Dyer and laden with talent, they won three straight Texas League pennants, winning 97, 105 and 103 regular-season games in the process.", "Joe Medwick (blues musician) Joe Medwick (June 21, 1931 \u2013 April 12, 1992), probably born Medwick N. Veasey though some sources suggest Joe Medwick Masters or Joe Medwick Veasey, was an African-American rhythm and blues singer and songwriter. He is officially credited with writing relatively few songs, including \"Further On Up The Road\", but is widely believed to have written many others, including \"I Pity the Fool\" and \"Turn On Your Love Light\". He sold all rights over many of his songs cheaply to record label owner Don Robey. Medwick also recorded under various names including Joe Veasey, Joe Masters and Joe Melvin. He was born in Houston, Texas, where he attended Yates High School. It is suggested that he (or his parents) adopted the name \"Joe\" in tribute to the baseball player Joe \"Ducky\" Medwick, who played for the St. Louis Cardinals from 1932 onwards. When in his teens, he sang with a gospel group, the Chosen Gospel Singers, before turning to secular music. After serving in Korea with the US Army, he returned to the Third Ward in Houston, where he performed in a blues club, Shady's Playhouse, often with pianist Teddy Reynolds (who later accompanied Bobby Bland), and increasingly spent his time writing lyrics and composing tunes for other blues musicians to sing. According to the Texas State Historical Association:\"Medwick was often able to sell the resulting material almost immediately to local music producers. In doing so, he rarely asked for formal contracts to establish proper songwriting credit for himself, instead choosing to peddle the songs outright \u2014thereby surrendering any rights to potential royalty payments \u2014 for ready cash.", "1937 St. Louis Cardinals season The 1937 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 56th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 46th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 81\u201373 during the season and finished 4th in the National League. At the start of January 1937, general manager Branch Rickey named Robert L. Finch vice president of all Cardinals minor league baseball teams. Their star pitcher, Dizzy Dean, spent the preseason in a contract dispute, even threatening to quit baseball. He finally signed for an estimated $24,000 and a lifetime supply of Cracker Jack and hot wings on March 19. As the season was set to begin, the Cardinals were considered the favorites to win the National League and face the New York Yankees in the 1937 World Series. Outfielder Joe Medwick won the MVP Award this year, batting .374, with 31 home runs and 154 RBIs. Conversely, Dizzy Dean battled injuries, staged a mid-game strike, engaged in multiple fights and was even suspended for a time. Dean finished with a 13\u201310 record and only one win after the All-Star Break and was named the \"biggest bust of the year\" by an Associated Press poll after the season. The Cardinals started their season strongly, winning seven of their first eight games and jumping out to a 1\u00bd-game lead by the end of April. They were in second place as late as June 27, just half a game out of first place with a record of 35\u201324. However, they never rose any higher, spending the rest of the year in either third or fourth place, ending the season by losing six of eight and with their largest deficit of the year of 15 games out of first place. \"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. =", "Gehringer insisted that, if Cochrane had been called safe, \"we would've had the bases loaded with nobody out and we could've had a big inning.\" The Tigers wound up losing Game 6 by one run. They then lost Game 7 in an 11\u20130 shutout thrown by Dizzy Dean, despite a 2-for-4 game from Gehringer. In the sixth inning of Game 7, Joe Medwick slid hard into Marv Owen, the Tigers' third baseman, after hitting a triple. They tangled briefly, and when Medwick went to his position in left field, the Detroit fans, knowing the game was lost (the score was 9\u20130 by then), vented their frustrations on Medwick, throwing fruit, vegetables, bottles, cushions, etc., at him. Commissioner Landis ordered Medwick benched to end the ruckus. Newsreel footage shows Medwick slamming his glove onto the dugout bench in disgust. (Audio) Pete Fox played for the Tigers and became the only World Series player to hit six (6) doubles in any Series of any length. NL St. Louis Cardinals (4) vs. AL Detroit Tigers (3) The following members of the 1934 Detroit Tigers are among the Top 100 of all time at their position, as ranked by The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract in 2001:"], "answer": {"text": "Enos Slaughter and Stan Musial, became Hall of Famers;", "answer_start": 1418}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Fruition of the farm system?", "answer": {"text": "Rickey's Cardinals, known as the \"Gashouse Gang\", were the class of the National League.", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Kenesaw Mountain Landis, the Commissioner of Baseball, was concerned that Rickey's minor league system was going to ruin baseball by destroying existing minor league teams,", "answer_start": 588, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it ruin things?", "answer": {"text": "They won 101 games in 1931 and won the World Series in seven games.", "answer_start": 98, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other records do they hold?", "answer": {"text": "1934 Cardinals, who won the franchise's third World Series title.", "answer_start": 522, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What brought them that win?", "answer": {"text": "future hall of famers Dizzy Dean and Joe Medwick, nicknamed \"Ducky\", and Dean's brother Paul \"Daffy\" Dean.", "answer_start": 366, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_63779f1d353d42d797a91b1c93ad49a3_0_q#7", "question": "Are there other important factors noted in this article?", "rewrite": "Are there other important factors noted in this article other than Cardinals records?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Kabouters Kabouters ( meaning gnomes in English) were a Dutch anarchist group in the 1970s. It was founded by Roel van Duijn and one of its objectives was to set up an alternative society based on Van Duyn\u2019s ideas as stated in his book, \"De boodschap van een wijze Kabouter\" (\"The Message of a Wise Kabouter\"). Van Duyn for some time worked at an organic farm and asked the farmer if they were going to get a harvester. \u201cNo,\u201d the farmer responded \u201cNoisy machines chase away the kabouters, and we need them to keep our plants healthy.\u201d That is why Van Duyn used this image. The Kabouters were an offshoot of Provo\u2019s environmental White Plans and they proposed \u201cGroene Plannen\u201d (\u201cGreen Plans\u201d), such as Roel van Duijn\u2019s idea to have plants growing in boxes on top of cars and, if possible, to have the automobiles drive on sunken roadways so that pedestrians would only see a procession of moving greenery. Van Duyn actually introduced this plan as a motion before the Amsterdam City Council. The Kabouters were primarily from Amsterdam but were also active in about 35 Dutch cities. At the peak of the movement\u2019s activity, around June 1970, about 500 people were attending the weekly open meetings, where plans and policies were discussed. A year later membership had dwindled to 20 people. The Amsterdam movement published 12 issues of the \u201cKabouterkrant\u201d (Kabouter Newspaper) in 1970.", "Kabouter Kabouter is the Dutch word for gnome or leprechaun. In folklore, the Dutch Kabouters are akin to the Irish Leprechaun, Scandinavian Tomte or Nisse, the English Hob, the Scottish Brownie and the German Klabauter or kobold. In the folklore of the Low Countries, kabouters are tiny people who live underground, in a hill for instance. (In modern children's stories they live in mushrooms.) They are also spirits who help in the home. The males have long, full beards and wear tall, pointed red hats. They are generally shy of humans and in stories often punish people for spying on them. Throughout Flanders and the Netherlands they exist under a number of different local names like alvermannekes or auwelkes. There is a theory that their appearance, little red pointy hats running through the forest, can be attributed to hallucinations from eating mushrooms. Though not associated with narcotics by the general public, they appear in the iconography of smart shops. Another theory connects the gnomes with the sightings of red squirrels. In the \"Legend of the Wooden Shoes,\" an old Dutch folktale, a kabouter teaches a Dutch man how to make piles and how to make wooden shoes. The Dutch illustrator Rien Poortvliet played an important part in modern Kabouter lore with his publication of \"Leven en werken van de Kabouter\" (English title \"Life and works of the Gnome\"), later translated into English and published as \"Gnomes\". In popular culture today, the business Travelocity uses a Rien Poortvliet-style statue of a Kabouter for commercials. They call him the Travelocity Roaming Gnome.", "Kabouter Wesley Kabouter Wesley (English: Gnome Wesley) is a series of comics and short animated cartoons about a grumpy and violent kabouter (gnome), made by Jonas Geirnaert. Both the drawing style and the content are purposely made naive and amateuristic and the situations are surreal and violent. There is also a lot of insulting and toilet humour in the series. Wesley is a gnome wearing a red hat and suit. He is typically cranky and short-tempered. He often has surreal adventures which are told in one-page gag-a-day stories, where he encounters various people, other gnomes and anthropomorphic characters who either confuse him and/or annoy him. As a result, he often gets angry and violent. Both the comic strip as well as the animated TV spin-off are drawn in a simple, na\u00efve style. Geirnaert invented Wesley the Gnome while creating his short animation film \"Flatlife\" (winner of the jury prize at the Cannes Film Festival) in 2004. As this film required him to be very perfectionistic and thorough, he drew Wesley the Gnome as a side project and intentionally spent no time on good graphics, interesting plotlines or other recurring characters. In 2008 the comics were published in the magazine HUMO. Despite their popularity Geirnaert decided to terminate the series after only 27 episodes. In the autumn of 2009 Wesley the Gnome was granted new life through a series of animated shorts, broadcast once a week in the human interest TV series \"Man Bijt Hond\". Originally all the shorts were based on the comics Geirnaert drew earlier, but as this material ran short he created several more episodes, which were once again pre-published in Humo. When the TV episodes were uploaded on YouTube as well the cartoons gained an even broader audience, especially in The Netherlands.", "Kabouter Plop Kabouter Plop (\"Plop the Gnome\") is the eponymous protagonist in a children's television series by Studio 100. The television series is directed by Bart Van Leemputten. Most episodes last about five minutes and are set in Plop's milk inn (which is a toadstool in which he sells plopmilk and plopcookies) or in Gnome forest. The stories often involve pranks by naughty Kabouter Klus (\"Handy\"). Each episode starts with Plop lying in bed and reviewing what happened the past day. At the end of the episode he says he goes to \"Gnome dream land\". Most episodes contain a moral.", "Chris Cauwenbergs Chris Cauwenberghs (born February 4, 1947 in Hemiksem) is a Flemish actor presently living in the Netherlands. He studied drama at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels and there received lessons from Nand Buyl en Leo Dewals. Since 1997, he has played the role of Kabouter Lui in the children's series Kabouter Plop. In 2014, it became known that Cauwenberghs was determined to have cancer of the lymph nodes, causing him to be unable to perform as Kabouter Lui at Plopshows in the Autumn. In July 2015, production house Studio 100 announced that Chris's health is improving. After heavy chemotherapy and radiation treatment, the actor has overcome cancer."], "answer": {"text": "Arguably, the farm system saved the minor leagues, by keeping them necessary after the television age", "answer_start": 971}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Fruition of the farm system?", "answer": {"text": "Rickey's Cardinals, known as the \"Gashouse Gang\", were the class of the National League.", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Kenesaw Mountain Landis, the Commissioner of Baseball, was concerned that Rickey's minor league system was going to ruin baseball by destroying existing minor league teams,", "answer_start": 588, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it ruin things?", "answer": {"text": "They won 101 games in 1931 and won the World Series in seven games.", "answer_start": 98, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other records do they hold?", "answer": {"text": "1934 Cardinals, who won the franchise's third World Series title.", "answer_start": 522, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What brought them that win?", "answer": {"text": "future hall of famers Dizzy Dean and Joe Medwick, nicknamed \"Ducky\", and Dean's brother Paul \"Daffy\" Dean.", "answer_start": 366, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any other big name players?", "answer": {"text": "Enos Slaughter and Stan Musial, became Hall of Famers;", "answer_start": 1418, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the name of the stadium they play in?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_45cc58984f5f49139a9c99bef896415b_1_q#0", "question": "What was Johnny Cash's first show?", "rewrite": "What was Johnny Cash's first show?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Country Christmas (Johnny Cash album) Country Christmas is a Christmas album and 78th overall album by American country singer Johnny Cash, released on Laserlight Digital in 1991 (see 1991 in music), in-between Cash's contracts with Mercury Records and American Recordings. Four tracks do not feature Cash but instead feature vocals by his wife, June Carter Cash and the Carter Family. This was the last Johnny Cash release within his lifetime to feature Carter Family, who had been a staple of his live show and studio recordings since the early 1960s. The sisters would not participate in his upcoming work for American Recordings; nor would June Carter Cash, though a 2000 private release, \"Return to the Promised Land\", would feature her alongside her husband. Due to this album not having any connection to the Columbia, Mercury or American labels, it is one of the more uncommon Johnny Cash releases and as of 2015 has yet to appear in any box sets or compilations. Most tracks had been previously recorded by Cash for one (or more) of this three prior Columbia Christmas albums, most notably \"Classic Christmas\", though the album also includes several tracks unique to this collection such as a version of Irving Berlin's \"White Christmas\" featured in the 15-track edition. \" Silent Night\" is performed on all each of Cash's four canonical Christmas albums. \"Figgy Pudding\" is an arrangement of the standard \"We Wish You a Merry Christmas\" with comedic interjections by June Carter Cash, reminiscent of her country-comedy work of the 1950s and 1960s before joining with Johnny Cash. The album was reissued with \"White Christmas\" and \"I'll Be Home for Christmas\" removed. In subsequent reissues these songs were replaced by \"Ring Of Fire\" and \"I Walk The Line\" despite neither song having anything to do with Christmas.", "Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden is a 1969 recording of a Johnny Cash concert at Madison Square Garden. It was released in 2002. The album featured Cash and other musicians and singers including W.S. Holland, Marshall Grant, Bob Wootton, the Statler Brothers, Carl Perkins, Tommy Cash and the Carter Family. Noticeably absent from the show was Cash's wife June Carter Cash, who was home pregnant with their son John Carter Cash, a fact referenced during the recording. As with most Cash shows, the genres covered ran the gamut from country music to rockabilly to even some folk rock. Similarly to the extended releases of both the \"San Quentin\" and \"At Folsom Prison\" that had been made available around the same time, \"Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden\" includes numbers performed by Perkins, the Statlers and the Carters while Johnny was offstage. During this particular show, however, Cash introduced his father Ray and also Shel Silverstein, who wrote Cash's biggest pop hit, \"A Boy Named Sue\". Silverstein is the subject of some good-natured ribbing by Cash as he performs an uncensored version of \"A Boy Named Sue\". At the time of the recording, \"The Johnny Cash Show\" was in production and a popular TV series; its weekly \"Come Along and Ride This Train\" segment is referenced in the introduction to \"As Long as the Grass Shall Grow.\"", "The Ballad of Boot Hill \"The Ballad of Boot Hill\" is a 1959 song written by Carl Perkins which was recorded by Johnny Cash on Columbia Records. The song was originally released in 1959 in the U.S. on a Columbia EP by Johnny Cash entitled \"Johnny Cash Sings 'The Rebel --- Johnny Yuma\"'. The song was also released on his 1965 LP album \"Sings the Ballads of the True West\". The song is about the 1881 Gunfight at the O.K. Corral when three gunmen were killed by Doc Holliday. \"The Ballad of Boot Hill\" appeared on the 1992 Columbia collection \"The Essential Johnny Cash 1955-1983\", a career retrospective of Johnny Cash's most important releases. The song was also released on an EP in Canada in 1959, Australia in 1960 and 1963, and in Germany in 1967. Johnny Cash performed the song live at the London Palladium on October 27, 1968 in concert with Carl Perkins. \"The Ballad of Boot Hill\" was recorded in 1984 by country and western singer Johnny Western which appeared on his 1989 album \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\" on Bear Family Records. In 2008, Mark van den Berg recorded the song for his collection \"Mark van den Berg Sings the Hits of Johnny Cash\" on the Continental Record Services label. Billy McFarland recorded the song on his 2013 album \"Golden Guitar\". Giuseppe Grasso, Jaromir Hauptman, Gabi Schaetz, Peter Medwed, Rainer Jantz, Thommy Kletsch, and Jeff Johnson have also performed the song. \"The Ballad of Boot Hill\" appears on the following Johnny Cash albums:", "Daddy Sang Bass \"Daddy Sang Bass\" is a 1968 single written by Carl Perkins, with lines from the chorus of \"Will the Circle Be Unbroken?\" and recorded by Johnny Cash. \" Daddy Sang Bass \" was Johnny Cash's sixty-first release on the country chart. The song went to No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" country chart for 6 weeks and spent a total of 19 weeks on the chart. The single reached No. 56 on the \"Cashbox\" pop singles chart in 1969. \"Daddy Sang Bass\" was also released on the Columbia Records Hall of Fame Series as a 45, #13-33153, b/w \"Folsom Prison Blues\" (live version). The record was nominated in the CMA awards category of Single of the Year by the Country Music Association (CMA) in 1969. \"Daddy Sang Bass\" was Cash's thirty-sixth entry on the pop charts and the last before his \"A Boy Named Sue\" became his first and only top ten hit there. No other act has ever started off a pop career with a longer such drought on the charts that was finally broken. The song appeared originally on the 1969 album \"The Holy Land\", the 1971 \"Johnny Cash: Greatest Hits, Vol. 2\" collection, the 1999 Johnny Cash greatest hits compilation \"16 Biggest Hits\", and the 2002 \"The Essential Johnny Cash\" collection. According to Johnny Cash's book, \"\", the singer overcame his amphetamine-addiction by finding God, and then helped his friend and frequent tour-mate Carl Perkins to overcome his alcoholism. Feeling inspired, Perkins wrote the song, \"Daddy Sang Bass\" in 1967. Cash says the line, \"Me and little brother will join right in there\" was written about Cash's brother Jack, who died when they were both boys.", "Roadshow Revival The Roadshow Revival is a Johnny Cash Tribute Festival held at Mission Park in Ventura, California in June. The location of the Event is in close proximity to Johnny Cash's home and office in Casitas Springs and Ventura. It is produced by Ross Emery and Johnny Cash's daughter, Cindy Cash and features Outlaw Country acts, Rockabilly bands, a Johnny Cash Memorabilia Gallery, Pin-Up Girl Pageant, and a car and bike show. In 2009 musician and local business owner Ross Emery produced the first Johnny Cash Music Festival in Ventura County, with support from the Cash family, his brother, and the community of Ventura. The following year Ross bought the majority stake in the event and Cash's daughter Cindy joined the production team. In 2011, due to legal issues Emery was forced to change the event name to \"Roadshow Revival\u2014A Tribute to the Music of Johnny Cash\". Today, the Roadshow is one of the biggest tribute festivals on the West Coast."], "answer": {"text": "Cash began performing concerts at prisons starting in the late 1950s.", "answer_start": 220}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_45cc58984f5f49139a9c99bef896415b_1_q#1", "question": "How did his early career go", "rewrite": "How did Johnny Cash's early career go?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Country Christmas (Johnny Cash album) Country Christmas is a Christmas album and 78th overall album by American country singer Johnny Cash, released on Laserlight Digital in 1991 (see 1991 in music), in-between Cash's contracts with Mercury Records and American Recordings. Four tracks do not feature Cash but instead feature vocals by his wife, June Carter Cash and the Carter Family. This was the last Johnny Cash release within his lifetime to feature Carter Family, who had been a staple of his live show and studio recordings since the early 1960s. The sisters would not participate in his upcoming work for American Recordings; nor would June Carter Cash, though a 2000 private release, \"Return to the Promised Land\", would feature her alongside her husband. Due to this album not having any connection to the Columbia, Mercury or American labels, it is one of the more uncommon Johnny Cash releases and as of 2015 has yet to appear in any box sets or compilations. Most tracks had been previously recorded by Cash for one (or more) of this three prior Columbia Christmas albums, most notably \"Classic Christmas\", though the album also includes several tracks unique to this collection such as a version of Irving Berlin's \"White Christmas\" featured in the 15-track edition. \" Silent Night\" is performed on all each of Cash's four canonical Christmas albums. \"Figgy Pudding\" is an arrangement of the standard \"We Wish You a Merry Christmas\" with comedic interjections by June Carter Cash, reminiscent of her country-comedy work of the 1950s and 1960s before joining with Johnny Cash. The album was reissued with \"White Christmas\" and \"I'll Be Home for Christmas\" removed. In subsequent reissues these songs were replaced by \"Ring Of Fire\" and \"I Walk The Line\" despite neither song having anything to do with Christmas.", "Roadshow Revival The Roadshow Revival is a Johnny Cash Tribute Festival held at Mission Park in Ventura, California in June. The location of the Event is in close proximity to Johnny Cash's home and office in Casitas Springs and Ventura. It is produced by Ross Emery and Johnny Cash's daughter, Cindy Cash and features Outlaw Country acts, Rockabilly bands, a Johnny Cash Memorabilia Gallery, Pin-Up Girl Pageant, and a car and bike show. In 2009 musician and local business owner Ross Emery produced the first Johnny Cash Music Festival in Ventura County, with support from the Cash family, his brother, and the community of Ventura. The following year Ross bought the majority stake in the event and Cash's daughter Cindy joined the production team. In 2011, due to legal issues Emery was forced to change the event name to \"Roadshow Revival\u2014A Tribute to the Music of Johnny Cash\". Today, the Roadshow is one of the biggest tribute festivals on the West Coast.", "The Ballad of Boot Hill \"The Ballad of Boot Hill\" is a 1959 song written by Carl Perkins which was recorded by Johnny Cash on Columbia Records. The song was originally released in 1959 in the U.S. on a Columbia EP by Johnny Cash entitled \"Johnny Cash Sings 'The Rebel --- Johnny Yuma\"'. The song was also released on his 1965 LP album \"Sings the Ballads of the True West\". The song is about the 1881 Gunfight at the O.K. Corral when three gunmen were killed by Doc Holliday. \"The Ballad of Boot Hill\" appeared on the 1992 Columbia collection \"The Essential Johnny Cash 1955-1983\", a career retrospective of Johnny Cash's most important releases. The song was also released on an EP in Canada in 1959, Australia in 1960 and 1963, and in Germany in 1967. Johnny Cash performed the song live at the London Palladium on October 27, 1968 in concert with Carl Perkins. \"The Ballad of Boot Hill\" was recorded in 1984 by country and western singer Johnny Western which appeared on his 1989 album \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\" on Bear Family Records. In 2008, Mark van den Berg recorded the song for his collection \"Mark van den Berg Sings the Hits of Johnny Cash\" on the Continental Record Services label. Billy McFarland recorded the song on his 2013 album \"Golden Guitar\". Giuseppe Grasso, Jaromir Hauptman, Gabi Schaetz, Peter Medwed, Rainer Jantz, Thommy Kletsch, and Jeff Johnson have also performed the song. \"The Ballad of Boot Hill\" appears on the following Johnny Cash albums:", "Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden is a 1969 recording of a Johnny Cash concert at Madison Square Garden. It was released in 2002. The album featured Cash and other musicians and singers including W.S. Holland, Marshall Grant, Bob Wootton, the Statler Brothers, Carl Perkins, Tommy Cash and the Carter Family. Noticeably absent from the show was Cash's wife June Carter Cash, who was home pregnant with their son John Carter Cash, a fact referenced during the recording. As with most Cash shows, the genres covered ran the gamut from country music to rockabilly to even some folk rock. Similarly to the extended releases of both the \"San Quentin\" and \"At Folsom Prison\" that had been made available around the same time, \"Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden\" includes numbers performed by Perkins, the Statlers and the Carters while Johnny was offstage. During this particular show, however, Cash introduced his father Ray and also Shel Silverstein, who wrote Cash's biggest pop hit, \"A Boy Named Sue\". Silverstein is the subject of some good-natured ribbing by Cash as he performs an uncensored version of \"A Boy Named Sue\". At the time of the recording, \"The Johnny Cash Show\" was in production and a popular TV series; its weekly \"Come Along and Ride This Train\" segment is referenced in the introduction to \"As Long as the Grass Shall Grow.\"", "Daddy Sang Bass \"Daddy Sang Bass\" is a 1968 single written by Carl Perkins, with lines from the chorus of \"Will the Circle Be Unbroken?\" and recorded by Johnny Cash. \" Daddy Sang Bass \" was Johnny Cash's sixty-first release on the country chart. The song went to No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" country chart for 6 weeks and spent a total of 19 weeks on the chart. The single reached No. 56 on the \"Cashbox\" pop singles chart in 1969. \"Daddy Sang Bass\" was also released on the Columbia Records Hall of Fame Series as a 45, #13-33153, b/w \"Folsom Prison Blues\" (live version). The record was nominated in the CMA awards category of Single of the Year by the Country Music Association (CMA) in 1969. \"Daddy Sang Bass\" was Cash's thirty-sixth entry on the pop charts and the last before his \"A Boy Named Sue\" became his first and only top ten hit there. No other act has ever started off a pop career with a longer such drought on the charts that was finally broken. The song appeared originally on the 1969 album \"The Holy Land\", the 1971 \"Johnny Cash: Greatest Hits, Vol. 2\" collection, the 1999 Johnny Cash greatest hits compilation \"16 Biggest Hits\", and the 2002 \"The Essential Johnny Cash\" collection. According to Johnny Cash's book, \"\", the singer overcame his amphetamine-addiction by finding God, and then helped his friend and frequent tour-mate Carl Perkins to overcome his alcoholism. Feeling inspired, Perkins wrote the song, \"Daddy Sang Bass\" in 1967. Cash says the line, \"Me and little brother will join right in there\" was written about Cash's brother Jack, who died when they were both boys."], "answer": {"text": "These performances led to a pair of highly successful live albums,", "answer_start": 381}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Johnny Cash's first show?", "answer": {"text": "Cash began performing concerts at prisons starting in the late 1950s.", "answer_start": 220, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_45cc58984f5f49139a9c99bef896415b_1_q#2", "question": "What were the early albums", "rewrite": "What were Johnny Cash's early albums?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Country Christmas (Johnny Cash album) Country Christmas is a Christmas album and 78th overall album by American country singer Johnny Cash, released on Laserlight Digital in 1991 (see 1991 in music), in-between Cash's contracts with Mercury Records and American Recordings. Four tracks do not feature Cash but instead feature vocals by his wife, June Carter Cash and the Carter Family. This was the last Johnny Cash release within his lifetime to feature Carter Family, who had been a staple of his live show and studio recordings since the early 1960s. The sisters would not participate in his upcoming work for American Recordings; nor would June Carter Cash, though a 2000 private release, \"Return to the Promised Land\", would feature her alongside her husband. Due to this album not having any connection to the Columbia, Mercury or American labels, it is one of the more uncommon Johnny Cash releases and as of 2015 has yet to appear in any box sets or compilations. Most tracks had been previously recorded by Cash for one (or more) of this three prior Columbia Christmas albums, most notably \"Classic Christmas\", though the album also includes several tracks unique to this collection such as a version of Irving Berlin's \"White Christmas\" featured in the 15-track edition. \" Silent Night\" is performed on all each of Cash's four canonical Christmas albums. \"Figgy Pudding\" is an arrangement of the standard \"We Wish You a Merry Christmas\" with comedic interjections by June Carter Cash, reminiscent of her country-comedy work of the 1950s and 1960s before joining with Johnny Cash. The album was reissued with \"White Christmas\" and \"I'll Be Home for Christmas\" removed. In subsequent reissues these songs were replaced by \"Ring Of Fire\" and \"I Walk The Line\" despite neither song having anything to do with Christmas.", "Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden is a 1969 recording of a Johnny Cash concert at Madison Square Garden. It was released in 2002. The album featured Cash and other musicians and singers including W.S. Holland, Marshall Grant, Bob Wootton, the Statler Brothers, Carl Perkins, Tommy Cash and the Carter Family. Noticeably absent from the show was Cash's wife June Carter Cash, who was home pregnant with their son John Carter Cash, a fact referenced during the recording. As with most Cash shows, the genres covered ran the gamut from country music to rockabilly to even some folk rock. Similarly to the extended releases of both the \"San Quentin\" and \"At Folsom Prison\" that had been made available around the same time, \"Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden\" includes numbers performed by Perkins, the Statlers and the Carters while Johnny was offstage. During this particular show, however, Cash introduced his father Ray and also Shel Silverstein, who wrote Cash's biggest pop hit, \"A Boy Named Sue\". Silverstein is the subject of some good-natured ribbing by Cash as he performs an uncensored version of \"A Boy Named Sue\". At the time of the recording, \"The Johnny Cash Show\" was in production and a popular TV series; its weekly \"Come Along and Ride This Train\" segment is referenced in the introduction to \"As Long as the Grass Shall Grow.\"", "The Ballad of Boot Hill \"The Ballad of Boot Hill\" is a 1959 song written by Carl Perkins which was recorded by Johnny Cash on Columbia Records. The song was originally released in 1959 in the U.S. on a Columbia EP by Johnny Cash entitled \"Johnny Cash Sings 'The Rebel --- Johnny Yuma\"'. The song was also released on his 1965 LP album \"Sings the Ballads of the True West\". The song is about the 1881 Gunfight at the O.K. Corral when three gunmen were killed by Doc Holliday. \"The Ballad of Boot Hill\" appeared on the 1992 Columbia collection \"The Essential Johnny Cash 1955-1983\", a career retrospective of Johnny Cash's most important releases. The song was also released on an EP in Canada in 1959, Australia in 1960 and 1963, and in Germany in 1967. Johnny Cash performed the song live at the London Palladium on October 27, 1968 in concert with Carl Perkins. \"The Ballad of Boot Hill\" was recorded in 1984 by country and western singer Johnny Western which appeared on his 1989 album \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\" on Bear Family Records. In 2008, Mark van den Berg recorded the song for his collection \"Mark van den Berg Sings the Hits of Johnny Cash\" on the Continental Record Services label. Billy McFarland recorded the song on his 2013 album \"Golden Guitar\". Giuseppe Grasso, Jaromir Hauptman, Gabi Schaetz, Peter Medwed, Rainer Jantz, Thommy Kletsch, and Jeff Johnson have also performed the song. \"The Ballad of Boot Hill\" appears on the following Johnny Cash albums:", "The song became a number-one hit and went on to become one of the most recognizable songs in the world of country music. Her first notable studio performance with Johnny Cash occurred in 1964 when she duetted with Cash on \" It Ain't Me Babe\", a Bob Dylan composition, that was released as a single and on Cash's album \"Orange Blossom Special\". In 1967, the two found more substantial success with their recording of \"Jackson\", which was followed by a collaboration album, \"Carryin' On with Johnny Cash and June Carter\". All these releases antedated her marriage to Cash (upon which event she changed her professional name to June Carter Cash). She continued to work with Cash on record and on stage for the rest of her life, recording a number of duets with Cash for his various albums and being a regular on \"The Johnny Cash Show\" from 1969-1971 and on Cash's annual Christmas specials. After \"Carryin' On\", June Carter Cash recorded one more direct collaboration album, \"Johnny Cash and His Woman\", released in 1973, and along with her daughters was a featured vocalist on Cash's 1974 album \"The Junkie and the Juicehead Minus Me\". She also shared sleeve credit with her husband on a 2000 small-label gospel release, \"Return to the Promised Land\" Although she provided vocals on many recordings, and shared the billing with Cash on several album releases, June Carter Cash only recorded three solo albums during her lifetime: the first, \"Appalachian Pride\", released in 1975, \"Press On\" (1999), and \"Wildwood Flower\", the latter released posthumously in 2003 and produced by her son, John Carter Cash. \"", "Daddy Sang Bass \"Daddy Sang Bass\" is a 1968 single written by Carl Perkins, with lines from the chorus of \"Will the Circle Be Unbroken?\" and recorded by Johnny Cash. \" Daddy Sang Bass \" was Johnny Cash's sixty-first release on the country chart. The song went to No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" country chart for 6 weeks and spent a total of 19 weeks on the chart. The single reached No. 56 on the \"Cashbox\" pop singles chart in 1969. \"Daddy Sang Bass\" was also released on the Columbia Records Hall of Fame Series as a 45, #13-33153, b/w \"Folsom Prison Blues\" (live version). The record was nominated in the CMA awards category of Single of the Year by the Country Music Association (CMA) in 1969. \"Daddy Sang Bass\" was Cash's thirty-sixth entry on the pop charts and the last before his \"A Boy Named Sue\" became his first and only top ten hit there. No other act has ever started off a pop career with a longer such drought on the charts that was finally broken. The song appeared originally on the 1969 album \"The Holy Land\", the 1971 \"Johnny Cash: Greatest Hits, Vol. 2\" collection, the 1999 Johnny Cash greatest hits compilation \"16 Biggest Hits\", and the 2002 \"The Essential Johnny Cash\" collection. According to Johnny Cash's book, \"\", the singer overcame his amphetamine-addiction by finding God, and then helped his friend and frequent tour-mate Carl Perkins to overcome his alcoholism. Feeling inspired, Perkins wrote the song, \"Daddy Sang Bass\" in 1967. Cash says the line, \"Me and little brother will join right in there\" was written about Cash's brother Jack, who died when they were both boys."], "answer": {"text": "Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison (1968) and Johnny Cash at San Quentin (1969).", "answer_start": 448}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Johnny Cash's first show?", "answer": {"text": "Cash began performing concerts at prisons starting in the late 1950s.", "answer_start": 220, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did his early career go", "answer": {"text": "These performances led to a pair of highly successful live albums,", "answer_start": 381, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_45cc58984f5f49139a9c99bef896415b_1_q#3", "question": "Were the albums popular", "rewrite": "Were Johnny Cash's albums popular?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Ballad of Boot Hill \"The Ballad of Boot Hill\" is a 1959 song written by Carl Perkins which was recorded by Johnny Cash on Columbia Records. The song was originally released in 1959 in the U.S. on a Columbia EP by Johnny Cash entitled \"Johnny Cash Sings 'The Rebel --- Johnny Yuma\"'. The song was also released on his 1965 LP album \"Sings the Ballads of the True West\". The song is about the 1881 Gunfight at the O.K. Corral when three gunmen were killed by Doc Holliday. \"The Ballad of Boot Hill\" appeared on the 1992 Columbia collection \"The Essential Johnny Cash 1955-1983\", a career retrospective of Johnny Cash's most important releases. The song was also released on an EP in Canada in 1959, Australia in 1960 and 1963, and in Germany in 1967. Johnny Cash performed the song live at the London Palladium on October 27, 1968 in concert with Carl Perkins. \"The Ballad of Boot Hill\" was recorded in 1984 by country and western singer Johnny Western which appeared on his 1989 album \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\" on Bear Family Records. In 2008, Mark van den Berg recorded the song for his collection \"Mark van den Berg Sings the Hits of Johnny Cash\" on the Continental Record Services label. Billy McFarland recorded the song on his 2013 album \"Golden Guitar\". Giuseppe Grasso, Jaromir Hauptman, Gabi Schaetz, Peter Medwed, Rainer Jantz, Thommy Kletsch, and Jeff Johnson have also performed the song. \"The Ballad of Boot Hill\" appears on the following Johnny Cash albums:", "Johnny Cash albums discography The Johnny Cash albums discography chronicles the output of one of the most prolific recorded music artists of all time, singer Johnny Cash. His lengthy career, spanning 1954 to 2003, included the release of 96 albums on several record labels. Over the years, Cash also collaborated with many of the industry's most notable artists, and received many awards and accolades from different organizations. Johnny Cash famously collaborated with many people over his long career, including family members, friends, members of the country music establishment, and, especially towards the end of his career, popular rock and alternative artists. After his good friend and fellow Sun alum Carl Perkins fell from grace due to a crippling car accident and alcoholism, Cash took him on as a touring guitarist and supported Perkins by performing songs written by him. In the 1970s he tried to help his close friend, legendary Nashville guitarist Hank Garland, restart his career by bringing him into the studio to record. In the 1980s, he teamed up with Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings and Kris Kristofferson to record an album. Its success led to two follow ups and several tours. His cameo vocal appearance on The Wanderer on U2's \"Zooropa\" album led to a meeting with producer Rick Rubin and ultimately resulted in the American Recordings series of albums, which feature many collaborations. The band Coldplay had intended to record the song \"Til Kingdom Come\" from \"X&Y\" with Cash, but he died before they could. The song is dedicated to Cash on the album and on their \"Twisted Logic Tour\" where they also perform \"Ring of Fire.\"", "Country Christmas (Johnny Cash album) Country Christmas is a Christmas album and 78th overall album by American country singer Johnny Cash, released on Laserlight Digital in 1991 (see 1991 in music), in-between Cash's contracts with Mercury Records and American Recordings. Four tracks do not feature Cash but instead feature vocals by his wife, June Carter Cash and the Carter Family. This was the last Johnny Cash release within his lifetime to feature Carter Family, who had been a staple of his live show and studio recordings since the early 1960s. The sisters would not participate in his upcoming work for American Recordings; nor would June Carter Cash, though a 2000 private release, \"Return to the Promised Land\", would feature her alongside her husband. Due to this album not having any connection to the Columbia, Mercury or American labels, it is one of the more uncommon Johnny Cash releases and as of 2015 has yet to appear in any box sets or compilations. Most tracks had been previously recorded by Cash for one (or more) of this three prior Columbia Christmas albums, most notably \"Classic Christmas\", though the album also includes several tracks unique to this collection such as a version of Irving Berlin's \"White Christmas\" featured in the 15-track edition. \" Silent Night\" is performed on all each of Cash's four canonical Christmas albums. \"Figgy Pudding\" is an arrangement of the standard \"We Wish You a Merry Christmas\" with comedic interjections by June Carter Cash, reminiscent of her country-comedy work of the 1950s and 1960s before joining with Johnny Cash. The album was reissued with \"White Christmas\" and \"I'll Be Home for Christmas\" removed. In subsequent reissues these songs were replaced by \"Ring Of Fire\" and \"I Walk The Line\" despite neither song having anything to do with Christmas.", "Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden is a 1969 recording of a Johnny Cash concert at Madison Square Garden. It was released in 2002. The album featured Cash and other musicians and singers including W.S. Holland, Marshall Grant, Bob Wootton, the Statler Brothers, Carl Perkins, Tommy Cash and the Carter Family. Noticeably absent from the show was Cash's wife June Carter Cash, who was home pregnant with their son John Carter Cash, a fact referenced during the recording. As with most Cash shows, the genres covered ran the gamut from country music to rockabilly to even some folk rock. Similarly to the extended releases of both the \"San Quentin\" and \"At Folsom Prison\" that had been made available around the same time, \"Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden\" includes numbers performed by Perkins, the Statlers and the Carters while Johnny was offstage. During this particular show, however, Cash introduced his father Ray and also Shel Silverstein, who wrote Cash's biggest pop hit, \"A Boy Named Sue\". Silverstein is the subject of some good-natured ribbing by Cash as he performs an uncensored version of \"A Boy Named Sue\". At the time of the recording, \"The Johnny Cash Show\" was in production and a popular TV series; its weekly \"Come Along and Ride This Train\" segment is referenced in the introduction to \"As Long as the Grass Shall Grow.\"", "The song became a number-one hit and went on to become one of the most recognizable songs in the world of country music. Her first notable studio performance with Johnny Cash occurred in 1964 when she duetted with Cash on \" It Ain't Me Babe\", a Bob Dylan composition, that was released as a single and on Cash's album \"Orange Blossom Special\". In 1967, the two found more substantial success with their recording of \"Jackson\", which was followed by a collaboration album, \"Carryin' On with Johnny Cash and June Carter\". All these releases antedated her marriage to Cash (upon which event she changed her professional name to June Carter Cash). She continued to work with Cash on record and on stage for the rest of her life, recording a number of duets with Cash for his various albums and being a regular on \"The Johnny Cash Show\" from 1969-1971 and on Cash's annual Christmas specials. After \"Carryin' On\", June Carter Cash recorded one more direct collaboration album, \"Johnny Cash and His Woman\", released in 1973, and along with her daughters was a featured vocalist on Cash's 1974 album \"The Junkie and the Juicehead Minus Me\". She also shared sleeve credit with her husband on a 2000 small-label gospel release, \"Return to the Promised Land\" Although she provided vocals on many recordings, and shared the billing with Cash on several album releases, June Carter Cash only recorded three solo albums during her lifetime: the first, \"Appalachian Pride\", released in 1975, \"Press On\" (1999), and \"Wildwood Flower\", the latter released posthumously in 2003 and produced by her son, John Carter Cash. \""], "answer": {"text": "Both live albums reached number 1 on Billboard country album music and the latter crossed over to reach the top of the Billboard pop album chart.", "answer_start": 523}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Johnny Cash's first show?", "answer": {"text": "Cash began performing concerts at prisons starting in the late 1950s.", "answer_start": 220, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did his early career go", "answer": {"text": "These performances led to a pair of highly successful live albums,", "answer_start": 381, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What were the early albums", "answer": {"text": "Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison (1968) and Johnny Cash at San Quentin (1969).", "answer_start": 448, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_45cc58984f5f49139a9c99bef896415b_1_q#4", "question": "Did he win any awards", "rewrite": "Did Johnny Cash win any awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Daddy Sang Bass \"Daddy Sang Bass\" is a 1968 single written by Carl Perkins, with lines from the chorus of \"Will the Circle Be Unbroken?\" and recorded by Johnny Cash. \" Daddy Sang Bass \" was Johnny Cash's sixty-first release on the country chart. The song went to No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" country chart for 6 weeks and spent a total of 19 weeks on the chart. The single reached No. 56 on the \"Cashbox\" pop singles chart in 1969. \"Daddy Sang Bass\" was also released on the Columbia Records Hall of Fame Series as a 45, #13-33153, b/w \"Folsom Prison Blues\" (live version). The record was nominated in the CMA awards category of Single of the Year by the Country Music Association (CMA) in 1969. \"Daddy Sang Bass\" was Cash's thirty-sixth entry on the pop charts and the last before his \"A Boy Named Sue\" became his first and only top ten hit there. No other act has ever started off a pop career with a longer such drought on the charts that was finally broken. The song appeared originally on the 1969 album \"The Holy Land\", the 1971 \"Johnny Cash: Greatest Hits, Vol. 2\" collection, the 1999 Johnny Cash greatest hits compilation \"16 Biggest Hits\", and the 2002 \"The Essential Johnny Cash\" collection. According to Johnny Cash's book, \"\", the singer overcame his amphetamine-addiction by finding God, and then helped his friend and frequent tour-mate Carl Perkins to overcome his alcoholism. Feeling inspired, Perkins wrote the song, \"Daddy Sang Bass\" in 1967. Cash says the line, \"Me and little brother will join right in there\" was written about Cash's brother Jack, who died when they were both boys.", "The Tennessee Three The Tennessee Three was the backing band for singer Johnny Cash for nearly 25 years; he was known especially for his country music and rockabilly genre, although he won awards in numerous categories. In 1980, he reorganized the group, expanding it and naming it The Great Eighties Eight. The band provided the unique backing that would come to be recognized by fans as \"the Johnny Cash sound.\" Roy Cash, Sr., older brother of Johnny Cash, was service manager at an Automobile Sales Company dealership in Memphis, Tennessee. In 1953, while the younger Cash was stationed in Germany with the US Air Force, Luther Perkins joined the staff at Automobile Sales, where he met co-workers Marshall Grant and A.W. 'Red' Kernodle. Grant, Kernodle and Perkins began bringing their guitars to work, and would play together when repair business was slow. When Johnny Cash moved to Memphis after returning from Germany in 1954, Roy introduced him to Grant, Kernodle and Perkins. The four began to get together in the evenings at Perkins' or Grant's home and play songs. During this time they decided to form a band, with Grant moving to an upright bass, Kernodle to a six-string steel guitar, and Perkins buying a Fender Esquire electric guitar. Perkins' performance style on the Fender resulted in the band's famous steady, simple \"boom-chicka-boom\", or \"freight train\" rhythm. By 1955, Cash and his bandmates were in the Memphis studio of Sun Records, to audition for owner Sam Phillips. Kernodle was so nervous that he left the session, not wanting to hold back the group. The band presented themselves as the \"Tennessee Three\", but Phillips suggested that they call themselves Johnny Cash and the Tennessee Two. When Cash moved to Columbia Records in 1958, the group followed him.", "Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden is a 1969 recording of a Johnny Cash concert at Madison Square Garden. It was released in 2002. The album featured Cash and other musicians and singers including W.S. Holland, Marshall Grant, Bob Wootton, the Statler Brothers, Carl Perkins, Tommy Cash and the Carter Family. Noticeably absent from the show was Cash's wife June Carter Cash, who was home pregnant with their son John Carter Cash, a fact referenced during the recording. As with most Cash shows, the genres covered ran the gamut from country music to rockabilly to even some folk rock. Similarly to the extended releases of both the \"San Quentin\" and \"At Folsom Prison\" that had been made available around the same time, \"Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden\" includes numbers performed by Perkins, the Statlers and the Carters while Johnny was offstage. During this particular show, however, Cash introduced his father Ray and also Shel Silverstein, who wrote Cash's biggest pop hit, \"A Boy Named Sue\". Silverstein is the subject of some good-natured ribbing by Cash as he performs an uncensored version of \"A Boy Named Sue\". At the time of the recording, \"The Johnny Cash Show\" was in production and a popular TV series; its weekly \"Come Along and Ride This Train\" segment is referenced in the introduction to \"As Long as the Grass Shall Grow.\"", "The Ballad of Boot Hill \"The Ballad of Boot Hill\" is a 1959 song written by Carl Perkins which was recorded by Johnny Cash on Columbia Records. The song was originally released in 1959 in the U.S. on a Columbia EP by Johnny Cash entitled \"Johnny Cash Sings 'The Rebel --- Johnny Yuma\"'. The song was also released on his 1965 LP album \"Sings the Ballads of the True West\". The song is about the 1881 Gunfight at the O.K. Corral when three gunmen were killed by Doc Holliday. \"The Ballad of Boot Hill\" appeared on the 1992 Columbia collection \"The Essential Johnny Cash 1955-1983\", a career retrospective of Johnny Cash's most important releases. The song was also released on an EP in Canada in 1959, Australia in 1960 and 1963, and in Germany in 1967. Johnny Cash performed the song live at the London Palladium on October 27, 1968 in concert with Carl Perkins. \"The Ballad of Boot Hill\" was recorded in 1984 by country and western singer Johnny Western which appeared on his 1989 album \"Gunfight at the O.K. Corral\" on Bear Family Records. In 2008, Mark van den Berg recorded the song for his collection \"Mark van den Berg Sings the Hits of Johnny Cash\" on the Continental Record Services label. Billy McFarland recorded the song on his 2013 album \"Golden Guitar\". Giuseppe Grasso, Jaromir Hauptman, Gabi Schaetz, Peter Medwed, Rainer Jantz, Thommy Kletsch, and Jeff Johnson have also performed the song. \"The Ballad of Boot Hill\" appears on the following Johnny Cash albums:", "Roadshow Revival The Roadshow Revival is a Johnny Cash Tribute Festival held at Mission Park in Ventura, California in June. The location of the Event is in close proximity to Johnny Cash's home and office in Casitas Springs and Ventura. It is produced by Ross Emery and Johnny Cash's daughter, Cindy Cash and features Outlaw Country acts, Rockabilly bands, a Johnny Cash Memorabilia Gallery, Pin-Up Girl Pageant, and a car and bike show. In 2009 musician and local business owner Ross Emery produced the first Johnny Cash Music Festival in Ventura County, with support from the Cash family, his brother, and the community of Ventura. The following year Ross bought the majority stake in the event and Cash's daughter Cindy joined the production team. In 2011, due to legal issues Emery was forced to change the event name to \"Roadshow Revival\u2014A Tribute to the Music of Johnny Cash\". Today, the Roadshow is one of the biggest tribute festivals on the West Coast."], "answer": {"text": "reached No. 1 on the country charts and No. 2 on the U.S. Top Ten pop charts.", "answer_start": 1214}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Johnny Cash's first show?", "answer": {"text": "Cash began performing concerts at prisons starting in the late 1950s.", "answer_start": 220, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did his early career go", "answer": {"text": "These performances led to a pair of highly successful live albums,", "answer_start": 381, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What were the early albums", "answer": {"text": "Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison (1968) and Johnny Cash at San Quentin (1969).", "answer_start": 448, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were the albums popular", "answer": {"text": "Both live albums reached number 1 on Billboard country album music and the latter crossed over to reach the top of the Billboard pop album chart.", "answer_start": 523, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_52fdea7d44f448f4b250d54c3be2c058_0_q#0", "question": "When was the album Wake Up!, by The Boo Radleys, released?", "rewrite": "When was the album Wake Up!, by The Boo Radleys, released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Martin Carr Martin Carr (born 29 November 1968) is an English musician and writer who was the chief songwriter and lead guitarist with the band The Boo Radleys. Born in Thurso, Scotland, he was raised in Wallasey, England. Martin is an ex-pupil of St. Mary's College, Wallasey Village, and played an early gig with The Boo Radleys at The Grand nightclub in New Brighton. After the breakup of the Boo Radleys, Carr launched a solo career, taking the name bravecaptain from a song by the U.S. rock band Firehose. His solo work has largely been more electronic based than his previous work, and mainly features himself on lead vocals, whereas in The Boo Radleys he rarely sang (despite writing the lyrics). In 2008, Carr announced that he had recorded a new album in Cardiff with producer Charlie Francis and a few 'friends'. Martin Carr told music website The Quietus about his plans to release the album via the Bandstocks scheme. By the start of the following year Carr had abandoned the Bandstocks project, later commenting to music industry website HitQuarters that \"it needs a lot of work and commitment to try and find investors and I couldn't offer either.\" Instead he released the album \"Ye Gods (and Little Fishes)\" in July 2009 on his own new imprint Sonny Boy Records, using the company State 51 for distribution. Carr explained, during a September 2014 interview for BBC 6music, that he had all but given up hope of a career as a solo artist, and was working on TV themes and other commissions, when German label Tapete Records had contacted him. The label staff had enquired whether he had any material which they might release.", "Wake Up Boo! \"Wake Up Boo!\" is a song recorded by British indie band The Boo Radleys for their fourth album, \"Wake Up!\". It was by far their biggest hit both in the UK and internationally. The track is an upbeat guitar-pop song about the change from summer to autumn, contrasting the narrator's optimism (\"Wake up, it's a beautiful morning\") with his companion's pessimism (\"You have to put the death in everything\"). Part of the song was used as a jingle by Chris Evans for his BBC Radio 1 breakfast show in the mid nineties. On the album version of the song, the \"Wake up, it's a beautiful morning \" refrain is performed as an a cappella round as a prelude to the main track; this is absent from the single edit, which is otherwise identical. The second CD single and 12\" feature a version called \"Wake Up Boo!: Music for Astronauts\" which has three distinct segued sections: the standard radio edit in full, followed by a version of the a cappella round, and finally a mostly instrumental electronic dance track reprising musical elements of the main song. It was this \"Music for Astronauts\" version which later featured on the group's self-selected \"best of\" compilation, \"Find the Way Out\", along with the b-side, \"Blues for George Michael\". The basic single version has never appeared on a Boo Radleys album (their other greatest hits collection \"Best of The Boo Radleys\" contains the album version) though it has appeared on many various artist collections. The promotional video for Wake Up Boo! was filmed at Battersea Power Station.", "Learning to Walk (The Boo Radleys album) Learning to Walk is a compilation album by UK indie band The Boo Radleys, released by Rough Trade Records in 1992. It is a collection of the band's first three EPs, \"Kaleidoscope\" (1990), \"Every Heaven\" (1991) and \"Boo! Up\" (1991), as well as two previously unreleased covers, \"Alone Again Or\" and \"Boo! Faith\". The band's 1992 EP \"Adrenalin\" is not represented, as it was released on a separate record label. The covers of \"Alone Again Or\" (originally by Love) and \"Boo! Faith\" (New Order's \"True Faith\", retitled) are taken from the band's second and third Peel Sessions, from 1991. All tracks written by Martin Carr, except track 9 by Carr and Bryan MacLean and track 14 by The Boo Radleys and New Order.", "Despite critical acclaim and a cult fanbase, the Boo Radleys were still largely unknown to the general public by the time the Britpop phenomenon broke into the mainstream in 1995. This changed when the band released the upbeat single \"Wake Up Boo!\" in the spring of that year. It made the Top 10 in the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number 9. The single remained on the chart for two months, by far the band's longest run for any of its singles; later, on 26 October 2009, BFBS Forces Radio launched its live Afghanistan studio output with the track after it topped a listeners poll seeking a suitable first track. Carr describes writing the song watching The Big Breakfast after a night on acid. The follow-up release, \"Find the Answer Within,\" was the band's only other single to chart for more than two weeks. Their fourth album Wake Up! (1995), was their commercial peak. Interviewed in 2005 by the BBC, Carr said: \"I tried to have nothing to do with what was being called Britpop. Our whole career was spent trying not to 'fit in'. We just carried on doing what we had been doing. I didn't like most of the new bands or the flag-waving. I didn't like New Labour or idolise Paul Weller and I hated media-generated movements within music\". In 1996, the Boo Radleys released their fifth album C'mon Kids. As explained by Rowbottom in an interview in 2005: \"We didn't want to scare away the hit-kids, we wanted to take them with us to somewhere that we'd not been before. All we wanted to do was make a different type of album than Wake Up... All we wanted to do was try something new - to keep ourselves fresh and interested.", "Seconds Out Round One Seconds Out Round One was compilation album of session tracks recorded in 1991 for the Mark Radcliffe radio show \"Hit The North\", released by Imaginary Records. The album consisted of three tracks each from The Boo Radleys, Scorpio Rising, Dr Phibes & the House of Wax Equations and Leatherface. 1 Scorpio Rising - Freedom No 5 2 Scorpio Rising - Freedom 13 3 Scorpio Rising - Peace Frog 4 Leatherface - Not Superstitious 5 Leatherface - One To Say 6 Leatherface - Discipline 7 Dr Phibes & the House of Wax Equations - Mr Fantasy 8 Dr Phibes & the House of Wax Equations - Mirrors 9 Dr Phibes & the House of Wax Equations - Burning Cross 10 The Boo Radleys - Naomi 11 The Boo Radleys - Skyscraper 12 The Boo Radleys - Song For Up Catalogue number ILLCD 034."], "answer": {"text": "broke into the mainstream in 1995. This changed when the band released the upbeat single \"Wake Up Boo!\" in the spring of that year.", "answer_start": 145}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_52fdea7d44f448f4b250d54c3be2c058_0_q#1", "question": "Was it an album?", "rewrite": "Was 'Wake Up!' an album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Wake/ Lift Wake/Lift is the second full-length album by post-metal band Rosetta. The album was released on October 2, 2007 through Translation Loss Records on CD, with a limited-edition double LP prepared for late 2008. This album is the first to not be entirely engineered by the band. It is also Rosetta's first to be recorded to analog tape. Consequently, the production on \"Wake/Lift\" is more refined than the band's previous works. Months before the album's release, the band had been performing \"Red in Tooth and Claw\" at live show as far back as April 2007. The track \"Wake\" was posted on the MySpace for Translation Loss Records in a low-quality format on August 17, 2007, and again later on Rosetta's own MySpace on August 19, 2007. A component disc, entitled \"The Cleansing Undertones of Wake/Lift\", was released alongside \"Wake/Lift\". It contains a collection of ambient samples used by Armine. It is, however, not meant to be synchronized with \"Wake/Lift\" (as \"The Galilean Satellites\" was); Armine \"purposely designed \"The Cleansing Undertones of Wake/Lift\" to make \"Wake/Lift\" sound terrible if played together\". In September 2008, the album was remastered and pressed on 180 gram vinyl. It comes in three limited-edition color combinations. It was released 11 Nov 2008 Guitarist J. Matthew Weed has stated that the band has taken on a more melodic, technical, and experimental sound. Rather than sounding entirely like the metal style of \"The Galilean Satellites\", \"Wake/Lift\" falls more into the post-rock genre while retaining space rock and hardcore influences.", "In 2014-15 for Wake Forest he was an All-American and the runner-up in the 2015 NCAA singles championship. The Wake Forest Men's Tennis team won the NCAA Division I Team National Championship in 2018, beating runner-up Ohio State 4-2 at the Wake Forest Tennis Complex. Wake also won the ITA Division I National Men's Team Indoor Tennis Championship in 2018. Women's volleyball is a varsity sport at Wake Forest. The team is part of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). In March 2019 head volleyball coach Bill Ferguson was indicted and charged with racketeering as part of the 2019 college admissions bribery scandal, in which he is accused of accepting $100,000 to help a student get into Wake Forest illegally as a purported volleyball recruit. The university placed Ferguson on administrative leave. Wake Forest won the 1955 College World Series in baseball. Starting in 2009, they will be playing on Ernie Shore Field, in Winston-Salem. Wake Forest has won 9 NCAA team national championships. Wake Forest plays Division 1 college rugby in the Atlantic Coast Rugby League against its traditional ACC rivals. Wake Forest finished the spring 2012 season fourth in the conference with a 4-3 conference record. Wake rapidly ascended through the Division III and Division II ranks since 2004. Wake rugby has been supported by the Wake Forest Rugby Foundation since 2009, which funds a portion of the team's expenses as well as scholarships for players. Patrick Kane was the head coach of the Wake Forest men's rugby team from 2004 to 2013. Kane served as the commissioner of the ACRL since its founding in 2010, and on USA Rugby's men's collegiate competition committee. Student attendance of Wake Forest football and basketball games was formerly high, in part due to the program known as \"Screamin' Demons\".", "Western Wake offers the Associate in Arts Degree Program for college transfer, along with non-credit classes. The campus is located in Millpond Village on Kildaire Farm Road in southern Cary. The Northern Wake Campus opened in 2007 in northeast Raleigh off US 401. It was the first in the nation to have all buildings LEED-certified by the U.S. Green Building Council. The Northern Wake Campus offers the Associate in Arts and Associate in Science degrees for college transfer as well as evening and weekend continuing education classes. In August 2018, the Wake Tech Board of Trustees voted to change the name of the campus to the Scott Northern Wake Campus. The Scott Northern Wake Campus was renamed to honor retiring president, and current President Emeritus, Dr. Stephen C. Scott. The Eastern Wake Education Center in Zebulon provides non-credit training for residents in the eastern part of Wake County. Programs include vocational classes taught in English and Spanish. Located on the campus of North Carolina State University, the BioNetwork Capstone Center provides hands-on training in a simulated biomanufacturing facility. The Vernon Malone College and Career Academy in south Raleigh and the North Wake College and Career Academy (also known as the Career and Technical Education High School) in Wake Forest allow students to complete high school while earning college credits that can be applied toward an associate degree, diploma, or certificate at Wake Tech. In 2008 Wake Tech purchased 94 acres of land near Interstate 40 and Interstate 540 in Morrisville for a campus near Research Triangle Park. The RTP Campus is slated to include 10 buildings and accommodate 7,000 students. The first building of the Wake Tech RTP Campus opened in August 2018. Wake Tech provides instruction online and at numerous Community Learning Sites in high schools, government buildings, churches, and senior centers. Wake Tech established an athletics program in 2008.", "Winslow has another vision of him pulling up a lobster cage from the depths of the sea, containing the severed head of Wake's previous Wickie. Eventually Winslow can't take anymore and tries to kill Wake in his sleep to steal the key. This proves unsuccessful, and Winslow tries to leave. He pushes the lifeboat out of the cabin, but Wake sees this and uses an axe to destroy the boat. Wake chases Winslow into the cottage, but inside, Wake continues with more psychological manipulation, claiming that it was actually Winslow that chased Wake around the island with the axe. An undisclosed amount of time later, the two have another drunken party together, until the storm becomes so powerful that the waves crash through the windows and destroying the cottage. The next morning the two wake in a flooded cottage and Winslow decides to pick up Wake's diary. Inside, he finds that Wake has decided to not pay Winslow for his services once the ferry comes to pick them up, leading to another argument. Wake finally reveals that he knows Winslow killed the seagull and brought bad omens upon the island. Winslow attacks Wake and starts envisioning him as different people: first as the real Ephraim Winslow, then as the mermaid, then as Poseidon himself. Enveloped in imaginary tentacles, he beats Wake into submission. He then ties a collar around Wake's neck and forces him to walk and act like a dog. He takes Wake over to the hole where they kept the crate of alcohol and covers Wake in dirt until he passes out. Winslow uses this opportunity to steal the key off him, and runs back into the cottage to find the cabinet. Wake, in a fit of rage, bursts into the cottage with the axe and hacks Winslow in the shoulder. Winslow overpowers Wake and impales Wake right in the head.", "Wake Technical Community College is an area two-year college with a north campus on Louisburg Road in Raleigh. Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary is a seminary of the Southern Baptist Convention. It began offering classes in 1950 on the original campus of Wake Forest University and is commonly known by its acronym, SEBTS. Wake Forest hosts the annual Wake Forest Dance Festival every fall at E. Carroll Joyner Park. The DuBois Center is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The W. E. B. DuBois School opened in 1926 for the African-American community in Wake Forest before racial segregation ceased in 1971. After the school outgrew the facility and moved to a new location, the building was vacant for a decade until the DuBois Alumni Association purchased the building and made it into a community center. Other listings in or near Wake Forest on the National Register of Historic Places are the Bailey-Estes House, Downtown Wake Forest Historic District, Glen Royall Mill Village Historic District, Lea Laboratory, Oakforest, Powell House, Purefoy-Chappell House and Outbuildings, Purefoy-Dunn Plantation, Rock Cliff Farm, Royall Cotton Mill Commissary, South Brick House, Thompson House, Wake Forest Historic District, Wakefield Dairy Complex, and Wakefields. Wake Forest Historical Museum, also known as the Calvin Jones Historical House, was built in 1820 and was the residence of the first president of Wake Forest College and the center of activities that took place at the school. The museum displays the history of the town of Wake Forest as well as Wake Forest University. The house contains collections of photos, books, college publications, furniture, documents, professors\u2019 writings, and medical, law and sports memorabilia. The Wake County Public Library System operates a branch in Wake Forest. Wake Forest is home to the Falls Lake State Recreation Area. Falls Lake Park contains the Falls Lake and of woodlands."], "answer": {"text": "Their fourth album Wake Up! (1995), was their commercial peak.", "answer_start": 812}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the album Wake Up!, by The Boo Radleys, released?", "answer": {"text": "broke into the mainstream in 1995. This changed when the band released the upbeat single \"Wake Up Boo!\" in the spring of that year.", "answer_start": 145, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_52fdea7d44f448f4b250d54c3be2c058_0_q#4", "question": "Did they release any other albums?", "rewrite": "Did The Boo Radleys release any albums besides 'Wake Up!'?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Martin Carr Martin Carr (born 29 November 1968) is an English musician and writer who was the chief songwriter and lead guitarist with the band The Boo Radleys. Born in Thurso, Scotland, he was raised in Wallasey, England. Martin is an ex-pupil of St. Mary's College, Wallasey Village, and played an early gig with The Boo Radleys at The Grand nightclub in New Brighton. After the breakup of the Boo Radleys, Carr launched a solo career, taking the name bravecaptain from a song by the U.S. rock band Firehose. His solo work has largely been more electronic based than his previous work, and mainly features himself on lead vocals, whereas in The Boo Radleys he rarely sang (despite writing the lyrics). In 2008, Carr announced that he had recorded a new album in Cardiff with producer Charlie Francis and a few 'friends'. Martin Carr told music website The Quietus about his plans to release the album via the Bandstocks scheme. By the start of the following year Carr had abandoned the Bandstocks project, later commenting to music industry website HitQuarters that \"it needs a lot of work and commitment to try and find investors and I couldn't offer either.\" Instead he released the album \"Ye Gods (and Little Fishes)\" in July 2009 on his own new imprint Sonny Boy Records, using the company State 51 for distribution. Carr explained, during a September 2014 interview for BBC 6music, that he had all but given up hope of a career as a solo artist, and was working on TV themes and other commissions, when German label Tapete Records had contacted him. The label staff had enquired whether he had any material which they might release.", "Giant Steps (The Boo Radleys album) Giant Steps is the third album by The Boo Radleys, released in 1993. The title is inspired by John Coltrane's album of the same name, and the record features an assortment of influences \u2014 their previous shoegazing sound backed by pop, reggae, noise pop and orchestral sounds. \"NME\" and \"Select\" named it as album of the year, and it was ranked as #1 in Fanning's Fab Fifty for that year. It reached the UK Top 20, but did not spawn a Top 40 single. Reviewing the album's rerelease in 2008, Sic Magazine wrote, \"For 64 minutes they were the greatest band on the planet.\" The album was also included in the book \"1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die\". In 2016, \"Pitchfork\" ranked the album at number 25 in its list of \"The 50 Best Shoegaze Albums of All Time\", with critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine writing: The following year, \"Pitchfork\" also ranked it at number 40 on its list of \"The 50 Best Britpop Albums\". All songs and lyrics written by Martin Carr, with music by The Boo Radleys. CD1 \u2013 \"Giant Steps\" CD2 \u2013 Bonus disc 1 CD3 \u2013 Bonus disc 2", "Learning to Walk (The Boo Radleys album) Learning to Walk is a compilation album by UK indie band The Boo Radleys, released by Rough Trade Records in 1992. It is a collection of the band's first three EPs, \"Kaleidoscope\" (1990), \"Every Heaven\" (1991) and \"Boo! Up\" (1991), as well as two previously unreleased covers, \"Alone Again Or\" and \"Boo! Faith\". The band's 1992 EP \"Adrenalin\" is not represented, as it was released on a separate record label. The covers of \"Alone Again Or\" (originally by Love) and \"Boo! Faith\" (New Order's \"True Faith\", retitled) are taken from the band's second and third Peel Sessions, from 1991. All tracks written by Martin Carr, except track 9 by Carr and Bryan MacLean and track 14 by The Boo Radleys and New Order.", "Wake Up Boo! \"Wake Up Boo!\" is a song recorded by British indie band The Boo Radleys for their fourth album, \"Wake Up!\". It was by far their biggest hit both in the UK and internationally. The track is an upbeat guitar-pop song about the change from summer to autumn, contrasting the narrator's optimism (\"Wake up, it's a beautiful morning\") with his companion's pessimism (\"You have to put the death in everything\"). Part of the song was used as a jingle by Chris Evans for his BBC Radio 1 breakfast show in the mid nineties. On the album version of the song, the \"Wake up, it's a beautiful morning \" refrain is performed as an a cappella round as a prelude to the main track; this is absent from the single edit, which is otherwise identical. The second CD single and 12\" feature a version called \"Wake Up Boo!: Music for Astronauts\" which has three distinct segued sections: the standard radio edit in full, followed by a version of the a cappella round, and finally a mostly instrumental electronic dance track reprising musical elements of the main song. It was this \"Music for Astronauts\" version which later featured on the group's self-selected \"best of\" compilation, \"Find the Way Out\", along with the b-side, \"Blues for George Michael\". The basic single version has never appeared on a Boo Radleys album (their other greatest hits collection \"Best of The Boo Radleys\" contains the album version) though it has appeared on many various artist collections. The promotional video for Wake Up Boo! was filmed at Battersea Power Station.", "Seconds Out Round One Seconds Out Round One was compilation album of session tracks recorded in 1991 for the Mark Radcliffe radio show \"Hit The North\", released by Imaginary Records. The album consisted of three tracks each from The Boo Radleys, Scorpio Rising, Dr Phibes & the House of Wax Equations and Leatherface. 1 Scorpio Rising - Freedom No 5 2 Scorpio Rising - Freedom 13 3 Scorpio Rising - Peace Frog 4 Leatherface - Not Superstitious 5 Leatherface - One To Say 6 Leatherface - Discipline 7 Dr Phibes & the House of Wax Equations - Mr Fantasy 8 Dr Phibes & the House of Wax Equations - Mirrors 9 Dr Phibes & the House of Wax Equations - Burning Cross 10 The Boo Radleys - Naomi 11 The Boo Radleys - Skyscraper 12 The Boo Radleys - Song For Up Catalogue number ILLCD 034."], "answer": {"text": "Boo Radleys released their fifth album C'mon Kids.", "answer_start": 1255}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the album Wake Up!, by The Boo Radleys, released?", "answer": {"text": "broke into the mainstream in 1995. This changed when the band released the upbeat single \"Wake Up Boo!\" in the spring of that year.", "answer_start": 145, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it an album?", "answer": {"text": "Their fourth album Wake Up! (1995), was their commercial peak.", "answer_start": 812, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the album have any singles?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the album peak it on the billboards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2d2ac28a31d340be94d43f908df1d65e_0_q#0", "question": "Name the Maraauders?", "rewrite": "Name the Maraauders?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["top scoring, and making an 82 run second-wicket partnership with DM Jones. Australia were looking to reach 300 with strong batting before Imran Khan took 3 wickets for 17 runs in 5 overs. Australia lost 4/31, but a high number of extras (34) from the Pakistani bowlers, as well as the solid batting from earlier on, brought Australia to 267 (6 wickets, 50 overs). Pakistan started badly, falling to 3/38. Imran Khan (58 from 84 balls, 4 fours) and Javed Miandad (70 from 103 balls, 4 fours) shared a partnership of 112 runs in 26 overs. However, with the required run rate at 7.87 runs when Miandad fell, there was just too much for the upcoming batsmen to do, and Pakistan lost 6/99 as they were bowled all out for 249 (all out, 49 overs). Earlier Steve Waugh scored 18 runs off the 50th over bowled by Saleem Jaffar and ironically Pakistan lost the match by 18 runs. India won the toss and chose to field. After reaching 2/79, Graham Gooch (115 from 136 balls, 11 fours) and captain Mike Gatting (56 from 62 balls, 5 fours) shared a partnership of 117 runs in 19 overs. After Gooch was finally stumped, 51 more runs were added, and England reached 254 (6 wickets, 50 overs). India made a bad start, falling to 3/73. The middle order scored fluently, with Mohammed Azharuddin, (64 from 74 balls, 7 fours) top scoring. Before Azharuddin was removed lbw by Eddie Hemmings, India were at 5/204, needing 50 runs from the last 10 overs, with 5 wickets in hand, and it looked like it would be a very close game.", "N Mark Edmondson 1999 2005 Nicknamed Edmo Y Edmunds 1904 1905 N Joseph Egan 1962 1969 Y Mark Elia 1986 1995 Had 2 spells with St. Helens. His first stint was from 1985 to 1987 before he joined Wakefield Trinity. He returned to St. Helens from Widnes on 3/1/95. Remained a 1st Team regular for the remainder. 10 caps for NZ overall Y Glyn Elias * 1945 1945 WW2 Guest from Halifax. N Frank Ellaby 1938 1939 N Alfred Ellaby 1926 1939 Had 2 spells with St. Helens. His first period with the club stretched from 1925 to 1933 in which he was to score a remarkable 271 tries in just 261 matches. He then signed for Wigan as the St. Helens club needed his transfer fee to survive. He rejoined St. Helens in December 1937 and he played on for another 13 months in which he scored a further 9 tries in 28 matches. Y Jamie Ellis 2009 n/a 1st Team Friendlies, U21s & U18s Academy Y E Ellison 1920 1920 N Jacob Emmitt 2008 n/a 1st Team Friendlies & U21s Academy Y David Evans 1961 1961 N Evans 1943 1944 N J Evans 1908 1908 N Stuart Evans 1987 1991 Nicknamed \"Big Truck\". Y W Ewan 1895 1896 N Maurie Fa asavalu 2004 n/a 1st Team Friendlies Y Fairbairn 1901 1901 N Fairclough 1943 1943 N Leslie Fairclough 1921 1932 Brother of F. Fairclough- Joined Saints Board of Directors in May 1947. Died 17 October 1951 aged 49. Y Andrew Fairclough 1990 1990 N David Fairclough 1979 1985 N J. Fairclough 1909 1909 N Ralph Fairhurst 1921 1925 N W. Fairhurst 1935 N David Fairleigh 2001 2001 Y Thomas Farnall 1928 1928 N Raymond Farnall 1951 1951 Y James Farrar 1934 1937 Struck Off Register on 3 October 1938.", "Huishue Lake Huishue Lake (, ), Mapudungun for bad place to live, is located in the Andes of the Lago Ranco commune in southern Chile. More precisely the lake is located 10 km south of Maihue Lake (the drainage basin to which it belongs), 15 km northeast of Puyehue Volcano and 10 km west of the Chile-Argentina border. Around the year shift of 1948-1949 Chilean poet Pablo Neruda hid in the \"Fundo Huishue\" forestry estate from the then legalized persecution of communists. Neruda left Huishue March 1, 1949 and fled Chile via the Ipela Pass to his exile in Argentina and then Europe.", "Adhiyamaan College of Engineering Adhiyamaan College of Engineering (ACE) is an engineering college in Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India. The college, started in 1987-88, is one of the educational institutions developed by Adhiyamaan Educational and Research Institution Trust. It is the first engineering college to be started in the most backward Dharmapuri District of the State of Tamil Nadu. It was originally affiliated to University of Madras. When Periyar University was carved out from the University of Madras, the colleges affiliation was changed to it. When the government of Tamil Nadu brought all the engineering and technical institutions in the State under one technological university in 2001, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering was affiliated to Anna University of Technology,Coimbatore. It is now affiliated to Anna University,Chennai. This college is the First Private College to Introduce the 5 Year Bachelor of Architecture degree course in Tamil Nadu, in the Name School Of Architecture,ACE Campus. The college is housed on the Adhiyamaan Educational and Research Institutions campus, Dr. M.G.R Nagar, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India. The campus is spread over 255 acres abutting National Highway NH-7. The institution is six km from Hosur bus stand and railway station. It is 42 km from Bangalore. The nearest airport is Bengaluru International Airport. The college is approved by the University Grants Commission as an autonomous institution and is accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) as B+ grade. The college is certified with ISO 9001:2008. It is also accredited by AICTE, NBA, New Delhi. The College has Students Chapters in ISTE, IE(I),IIPC, CSI and IET(UK). There are three hostels namely Pennar, Cauvery and Bhavani.", "After reaching 2/79, Graham Gooch (115 from 136 balls, 11 fours) and captain Mike Gatting (56 from 62 balls, 5 fours) shared a partnership of 117 runs in 19 overs. After Gooch was finally stumped, 51 more runs were added, and England reached 254 (6 wickets, 50 overs). India made a bad start, falling to 3/73. The middle order scored fluently, with Mohammed Azharuddin, (64 from 74 balls, 7 fours) top scoring. Before Azharuddin was removed lbw by Eddie Hemmings, India were at 5/204, needing 5 runs an over from the last 10 overs, with 5 wickets in hand, and it looked like it would be a very close game. However, the middle and tailend order for India collapsed, as India lost 5/15. India were eventually bowled all out for 219 (all out, 45.3 overs), giving England both a berth in the final and a measure of revenge for the loss they suffered to India in the semifinal of the World Cup four years earlier in England. Australia won the toss and chose to bat. David Boon (75 from 125 balls, 7 fours) top-scored for Australia, whose batsmen scored fluently. Australia posted 253 (5 wickets, 50 overs). Mike Veletta (45 from 31 balls, 6 fours) cut loose late in the innings, as Australia scored 65 runs from the last 6 overs of their innings. In the English reply, opener Tim Robinson fell leg before wicket for a first ball duck. Bill Athey (58 from 103 balls, 2 fours)"], "answer": {"text": "Lady Mastermind and Omega Sentinel (", "answer_start": 373}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_2d2ac28a31d340be94d43f908df1d65e_0_q#1", "question": "is this a group of vilians", "rewrite": "Are the maraauders a group of vilians?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In December 1781 the comte de Guichen was chosen to command the force which was entrusted with the duty of carrying stores and reinforcements to the West Indies. On the 12th Admiral Kempenfelt, who had been sent out by the British Government with an unduly weak force to intercept him, sighted the French admiral in the Bay of Biscay through a temporary clearance in a fog, at a moment when Guichen's warships were to leeward of the convoy, and attacked the transports at once. The French admiral could not prevent his enemy from capturing twenty of the transports, and driving the others into a panic-stricken flight. They returned to port, and the mission entrusted to Guichen was entirely defeated. He therefore returned to port also. He had no opportunity to gain any counterbalancing success during the short remainder of the war, but he was present at the final relief of Gibraltar by Lord Howe. The Comte de Guichen was, by the testimony of his contemporaries, a most accomplished, valorous, brave and high-minded gentleman. It is probable that he had more scientific knowledge than any of his English contemporaries and opponents. But as a commander in war he was notable chiefly for his skill in directing the orderly movements of a fleet, and seems to have been satisfied with formal operations, which were possibly elegant but could lead to no substantial result. He had none of the combative instincts of his countryman Suffren, or of the average British admiral. Guichen Bay in South Australia and the French ship \"Guichen\" of World War I were named after him.", "Additional lives can be acquired, however if the player runs out of lives a game over sequence occurs. Each level is timed and up to three challenge points can be received for performing specific actions or finding hidden tokens. The game also features other, non-shooter elements. In the game's opening level the player controls Rendar as he pilots a snowspeeder in defense of the Rebel base on Hoth. 360 degree space battles occur in which the player character controls the turret of the protagonist's ship, \"The Outrider\". These levels task the player with destroying a specific number of enemy ships. Other space sequences see the player character pilot the ship, utilizing its forward cannons to destroy targets. In one sequence the player controls the protagonist during a high speed chase sequence on swoop bikes. In this sequence the player must both control the swoop and attack and eliminate an enemy gang before reaching the destination. The game's story is divided into four chapters. It begins shortly before the battle of Hoth, as Dash Rendar and Leebo, Dash's droid co-pilot, arrive at Echo Base to deliver supplies. He briefly talks with Han Solo, who gets him temporary clearance to fly with Rogue Squadron. Dash pilots a snowspeeder into battle, and returns to Echo Base when the shield generator is destroyed, just as the \"Millennium Falcon\" leaves. He makes his way through the base, attempting to return to his ship, \"The Outrider\". Dash encounters several wampas on the way, and has to fight an AT-ST, but eventually makes it back to Leebo and \"The Outrider\", and they escape through an asteroid field. Chapter two begins after the end of \"The Empire Strikes Back\", as Dash searches for Boba Fett, who holds Han Solo captive, frozen in carbonite.", "Abondance (1780 ship) Abondance was a French \"Baleine\"-class gabare (cargo ship) launched in 1780. The Royal Navy captured her on 11 December 1781 and took her into service as a troop transport and store ship under the name HMS \"Abondance\". After the end of the war with France the Admiralty sold her in 1784. She then became a merchantman. \"Abondance\" was launched at Le Havre in September 1780. She sailed on 11 December 1781 for the Antilles in a convoy under the command of Admiral de Guichen. She was under the command of a M. Dupuis and was carrying 248 soldiers and ordnance, stores, and provisions. On the 12th Admiral Kempenfelt, who had been sent out by the Admiralty with an unduly weak force to intercept de Guichen, sighted the French convoy in the Bay of Biscay through a temporary clearance in a fog, at a moment when Guichen's warships were to leeward of the convoy, and attacked the transports at once. de Guichen could not prevent the British from capturing 15 of the transports, \"Abondance\" among them, destroying two or three others, and driving the remainder into a panic-stricken flight. The survivors returned to port; de Guichen therefore returned to port also. The Royal Navy sent \"Abondance\" into Plymouth and then took her into service, rating her as a 28-gun sixth rate. Lieutenant N. Phillips commissioned her in April 1783 and on 23 May sailed for North America. She made several trips carrying black loyalists to Halifax, among them the fiery Methodist preacher Moses Wilkinson. In November, she evacuated the last group, some 80 members of the Black Brigade, a unit of black loyalists, from New York. Disposal: Phillips paid off \"Abondance\" in May 1784.", "Marvel Strike Force Marvel Strike Force is a turn-based role-playing mobile game by FoxNext for Android and iOS platforms. The game was launched worldwide on March 28, 2018, and is primarily set in the Marvel Universe. The Earth has fallen under siege by sinister forces led by Ultimus. Agents of S.T.R.I.K.E. (Special Tactical Reserve for Interdimensional Key Events) have been called to assemble squads of heroes and villains to combat Ultimus's legions, that includes mind-controlled versions of the heroes and vilians, before Earth falls under Ultimus' control. In addition to this campaign, special sub-plot events are also released, loosely based on recent Marvel films and shows that have been released, starting with \"\". \"Marvel Strike Force\" allows players to collect \"Marvel Universe\" characters from both the heroes and villains and generic characters from large organizations such as SHIELD, The Hand and Hydra, and use them to fight in turn-based battles. There are multiple ways to collect characters: some are given to players immediately, whereas others are gained via gameplay or as in-game rewards in the form of shards that are earned by players to unlock and or promote their characters. Shards can either be earned from winning battles or bought from a shop. Players level up their user level by gaining experience by completing daily quests or completing battles. Battles are divided up into rounds, with the character with the highest speed attribute going first. Each team consists of up to five different characters that battle until defeated or reinforcements enter. Battles are turn-based, based on the speed attribute, where the combatants apply various buffs to their own team and damage to the opponent all the while trying to deal the most overall damage and having the last character alive.", "Being largely hard igneous rocks, they have resisted erosion better than those of the surrounding countryside and result in a striking line of hills of which the Malvern Hills are the most impressive. This line is considered to mark the edge of two terranes \u2013 two once separate fragments of the Earth's crust now joined as one \u2013 the Wrekin Terrane to the west and the Charnwood Terrane to the east. The main face of Gullet Quarry shows a cross-section through the Precambrian rock and exhibits many rock types including diorite, granite, gneiss, schist, pegmatite and dolerite. The evidence of the complex history of earth movements which formed the Hills can be seen by multiple joints, fractures, faults and shears, which make identifying changes in rock types difficult. Mineral deposits such as haematite, calcite and epidote can be seen within these features. There is a tiny, man-made cave near the ridge of the hills called Clutter's Cave (or Giant's Cave or Hermit's Cave or Waum's Cave, after Walm's Well which is located on the boundary of News Wood below). The cave has been excavated into pillow lavas. Some of the rounded 'pillow' shapes are still visible around the entrance to the cave. The quality of Malvern water is attributable to its source. The rocks of the Malvern Hills are amongst the oldest and hardest found in England; the geology is responsible for the quality of Malvern's spring water. The hills consist of Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rock, the oldest of which are about 670 million years old. The rocks are characterised by low porosity and high secondary permeability via fissures."], "answer": {"text": "She then reveals herself as a traitor as well, shoots her adopted daughter, and orders the remaining Marauders to kill the X-Men.", "answer_start": 557}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Name the Maraauders?", "answer": {"text": "Lady Mastermind and Omega Sentinel (", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2d2ac28a31d340be94d43f908df1d65e_1_q#0", "question": "Who was the double agent in the comics Mystique?", "rewrite": "Who was the double agent in the comics Mystique?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The effects of years of clandestine association with the adversary are deep and subtle; the Service B case officer working with a double agent of service A is characterized by an ethnicity or religion may find those bonds run deep, even if the agent hates the government of A. The service B officer may care deeply for the double. Another result of lengthy prior clandestine service is that the agent may be hard to control in most operations the case officer's superior training and experience give him so decided an edge over the agent that recognition of this superiority makes the agent more tractable. But add to the fact that the experienced double agent may have been in the business longer than his U.S. control his further advantage in having gained a first-hand comparative knowledge of the workings of at least two disparate services, and the case officer's margin of superiority diminishes, vanishes, or even is reversed. One facet of the efforts to control a double agent operation is to ensure that the double agent is protected from discovery by the parent intelligence service; this is especially true in circumstances where the double agent is a defector-in-place. Like all other intelligence operations, double agent cases are run to protect and enhance the national security. They serve this purpose principally by providing current counterintelligence about hostile intelligence and security services and about clandestine subversive activities. The service and officer considering a double agent possibility must weigh net national advantage thoughtfully, never forgetting that a double agent is, in effect, a condoned channel of communication with the enemy. A service discovering an adversary agent may offer him employment as a double. His agreement, obtained under open or implied duress, is unlikely, however, to be accompanied by a genuine switch of loyalties.", "The bridge crossing the Great Eastern Main Line underwent major reconstruction in 1957. On 12 November 1940 Colchester was bombed by German air raids, causing damage in the vicinity of Ipswich Road. In the early hours of 30 April 1944, a crew of seven on board a Lancaster UM-K2 were returning from a bombing raid on Karlsruhe, Germany, when the engines caught fire, causing a fatal crash landing at what is now Space Makers Safestore on Ipswich Road. In 2015, a memorial service was held at the site of the crash. In December 2014, 24 World War II bombs weighing approximately 600 lbs in total were discovered at a recycling centre on the road. After the war, there were small private developments off Mersea Road, \"west of Lexden Park, north of Colchester North railway station, between Ipswich Road and the railway, and north of East Hill\". St. John's housing estate was built in the 1960s, and in 1979, the Kier Group began developing the 730 acre High Woods site to the west of the road. Around 4000 houses and a shopping centre were subsequently built in the vicinity. The toothpaste tube manufacturer Betts opened a factory at No. 505 Ipswich road in 1953. In 2008, the firm decided to close the factory and moved to smaller premises elsewhere in town. In 2014, Bellway Homes announced they would convert the former Ipswich Road factory into a housing estate named Avellana Place. Locals protested against the name, which is Spanish for hazelnut, saying a more appropriate name would be after the 1944 Lancaster Bomber crash. The road was part of the A12 when road numbers were first classified in 1922, and remained the main route to Ipswich for motor traffic until the Northern Colchester Bypass opened in 1974, which was extended towards Harwich in 1982. The \"Rose And Crown\" is at the southern end of Ipswich Road.", "Double agent In the field of counterintelligence, a double agent (also double secret agent) is an employee of a secret intelligence service for one country, whose primary purpose is to spy on a target organization of another country, but who, in fact, has been discovered by the target organization and is now spying on their own country's organization for the target organization. Double agentry may be practiced by spies of the target organization who infiltrate the controlling organization or may result from the \"turning\" (switching sides) of previously loyal agents of the controlling organization by the target. The threat of execution is the most common method of turning a captured agent (working for an intelligence service) into a double agent (working for a foreign intelligence service) or a double agent into a re-doubled agent. It is unlike a defector, who is not considered an agent as agents are in place to function for an intelligence service and defectors are not, but some consider that defectors in place are agents until they have defected. Double agents are often used to transmit disinformation or to identify other agents as part of counter-espionage operations. They are often very trusted by the controlling organization since the target organization will give them true, but useless or even counterproductive, information to pass along. A re-doubled agent is an agent who gets caught as a double agent and is forced to mislead the foreign intelligence service. F.M. Begoum describes the redoubled agent as \"one whose duplicity in doubling for another service has been detected by his original sponsor and who has been persuaded to reverse his affections again\". A triple agent is a spy who pretends to be a double agent for one side, while they are truthfully a double agent for the other side.", "Annerley, Queensland Annerley is a suburb of the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Annerley is located south of the Brisbane CBD. In the , Annerley had a population of 10,664 people. Much of the suburb is elevated, lying on a ridge that gives views of the city. For many years it was a somewhat rundown suburb, particularly close to main roads and with a lot of social housing, but with gentrification and the rise in the cost of housing, many of the original 'Queenslanders' have been restored to their former glory, giving the suburb an eclectic mix of residences for all socio-economic levels. The suburb is of medium population density with many apartment blocks, guest houses and fast-food outlets. The major road in the suburb is Ipswich Road, one of Brisbane's main southerly traffic arteries. Until 13 April 1969 the suburb was served by electric trams, which ran along Ipswich Road. The area where Ipswich Road intersects with Annerley Road (formerly Boggo Road) is commonly known as \"Annerley Junction\" which in turn gave its name to the local state primary school Junction Park State School. The area was originally used for dairy farms. One of the first residential subdivisions was the St Kilda Estate bounded by Cornwall Street to the north, Boggo Road (now Annerley Road) to the west and Ipswich Road to the south. In 1866, the Junction Hotel was opened on the triangular corner of Ipswich Road and Boggo Road (now Annerley Road). On 7 June 1884 J.B. Ellis auctioned 201 suburban allotments (66 to 30 perches) in the River View Estate which was bounded by River View Street (now Fanny Street) to the south and Old Ipswich Road (now Annerley Road) to the east and includes Caroline and Florence Streets (between the Fairfield railway station and the Junction Hotel).", "Ipswich Road, Brisbane Ipswich Road is one Brisbane's main roads connecting Brisbane to the nearby city of Ipswich, via the Ipswich Motorway. Ipswich Road used to be part of the Cunningham Highway. Logan Road, Pacific Motorway, and Beaudesert Road (Mount Lindesay Highway) are the other major roads in the south of Brisbane. The road was an important transport route in 19th century Brisbane. Ipswich Road begins at the Woolloongabba Five Ways intersection. From there Ipswich Road heads south bound for Ipswich City, Main Street heads north (to the tip of Kangaroo Point), Stanley Street goes east and west and Logan Road heads south-east towards Logan City. The heritage-listed Norman Hotel is positioned on 102 Ipswich Road at Woolloongabba. The establishment was built in 1889, opened in 1890 and quickly became a local landmark. The Clem Jones Tunnel (Clem7) has an entry and exit point on Ipswich Road at Woolloongabba, the same place that the Pacific Motorway crosses over the road. Also in this vicinity the Eastern Busway crosses Ipswich Road. The Princess Alexandra Hospital is located on Ipswich Road at Buranda, as is the Buranda Shopping Centre (formerly the Ipswich Road tram depot). At Annerley, Ipswich Road intersects with Annerley Road (formerly Boggo Road) at the Annerley Junction. There are a number of heritage-listed sites on Ipswich Road in Annerley. In the Annerley Junction area are: Further along in the Chardon's Corner area (the intersection with Cracknell Road where the Chardons Hotel stands), there are more heritage-listed sites: In Yeronga the road passes the heritage-listed Yeronga Memorial Park and the heritage-listed Yeronga Fire Station. The Ipswich Road is the boundary between Annerley and Yeronga in the vicinity of the Yeronga Memorial Park"], "answer": {"text": "Mystique,", "answer_start": 453}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_2d2ac28a31d340be94d43f908df1d65e_1_q#1", "question": "Who did she turn on to become a double agent?", "rewrite": "Who did Mystique turn on to become a double agent?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["However, added to the fact that the experienced double agent may have been in the business longer than his case officer, his further advantage in having gained a first-hand comparative knowledge of the workings of at least two disparate services, and it is obvious that the case officer's margin of superiority diminishes, vanishes, or even reverses. One facet of the efforts to control a double agent operation is to ensure that the double agent is protected from discovery by the parent intelligence service; this is especially true in circumstances where the double agent is a defector-in-place. Double agent operations must be carefully planned, executed, and above all, reported. One of the problems with double agent operations in the US, run by the FBI, is that the FBI culture has been very decentralized to the field office level. This is, perhaps, an overreaction to the extremely centralized culture under J. Edgar Hoover. Prior to 9/11, information in one field office, which might reveal problems in a HUMINT operation, is not necessarily shared with other offices. FBI Director Robert Mueller cited the changes since 9/11: \"We then centralized coordination of our counterterrorism program. Unlike before, when investigations were managed primarily by individual field offices, the Counterterrorism Division at Headquarters now has the authority and the responsibility to direct and coordinate counterterrorism investigations throughout the country. This fundamental change has improved our ability to coordinate our operations here and abroad, and it has clearly established accountability at Headquarters for the development and success of our Counterterrorism Program.\" \"The amount of detail and administrative backstopping seems unbearable at times in such matters.", "Double agent In the field of counterintelligence, a double agent (also double secret agent) is an employee of a secret intelligence service for one country, whose primary purpose is to spy on a target organization of another country, but who, in fact, has been discovered by the target organization and is now spying on their own country's organization for the target organization. Double agentry may be practiced by spies of the target organization who infiltrate the controlling organization or may result from the \"turning\" (switching sides) of previously loyal agents of the controlling organization by the target. The threat of execution is the most common method of turning a captured agent (working for an intelligence service) into a double agent (working for a foreign intelligence service) or a double agent into a re-doubled agent. It is unlike a defector, who is not considered an agent as agents are in place to function for an intelligence service and defectors are not, but some consider that defectors in place are agents until they have defected. Double agents are often used to transmit disinformation or to identify other agents as part of counter-espionage operations. They are often very trusted by the controlling organization since the target organization will give them true, but useless or even counterproductive, information to pass along. A re-doubled agent is an agent who gets caught as a double agent and is forced to mislead the foreign intelligence service. F.M. Begoum describes the redoubled agent as \"one whose duplicity in doubling for another service has been detected by his original sponsor and who has been persuaded to reverse his affections again\". A triple agent is a spy who pretends to be a double agent for one side, while they are truthfully a double agent for the other side.", "Service A believes it is in contact with its own agent, and the agent believes he is communicating with his true control. This is extremely difficult to continue for more than a very brief period of time. Creating an unwitting double agent is extremely rare. The manipulative skill required to deceive an agent into thinking that he is serving his team when in fact he is damaging its interests is plainly of the highest order. A triple agent can be a double agent that decides his true loyalty is to his original service, or could always have been loyal to his service but is part of an active provocation of your service. If managing a double agent is hard, agents that turned again (i.e., tripled) or another time after that are far more difficult, but in some rare cases, worthwhile. Any service B controlling, or believing it controls, a double agent, must constantly evaluate the information that agent is providing on service A. While service A may have been willing to sacrifice meaningful information, or even other human assets, to help an intended penetration agent establish his bona fides, at some point, service A may start providing useless or misleading information as part of the goal of service A. In the WWII Double Cross System, another way the British controllers (i.e., service B in this example) kept the Nazis believing in their agent, was that the British let true information flow, but too late for the Germans to act on it. The double agent might send information indicating that a lucrative target was in range of a German submarine, but, by the time the information reaches the Germans, they confirm the report was true because the ship is now docked in a safe port that would have been a logical destination on the course reported by the agent.", "Although the arrest and prosecution of Aldrich Ames of the CIA and Robert Hanssen of the FBI, both of whom were senior counterintelligence officers in their respective agencies who volunteered to spy for the Russians, hardly qualifies as conclusive evidence that triple-agent operations were not attempted throughout the community writ large, these two cases suggest that neutralization operations may be the preferred method of handling adversary double agent operations vice the more aggressive exploitation of these potential triple-agent sources. A concern with triple agents, of course, is if they have changed loyalties twice, why not a third or even more times? Consider a variant where the agent remains fundamentally loyal to B: Successes such as the British Double Cross System or the German Operation North Pole show that these types of operations are indeed feasible. Therefore, despite the obviously very risky and extremely complex nature of double agent operations, the potentially quite lucrative intelligence windfall \u2013 the disruption or deception of an adversary service \u2013 makes them an inseparable component of exploitation operations. If a double agent wants to come home to Service A, how can he offer a better way to redeem himself than recruiting the Service B case officer that was running his double agent case, essentially redoubling the direction of the operation? If the case officer refuses, that is apt to be the end of the operation. If the attempt fails, of course, the whole operation has to be terminated. A creative agent can tell his case office, even if he had not been tripled, that he had been loyal all along, and the case officer would, at best, be revealed as a fool. \"Occasionally a service runs a double agent whom it knows to be under the control of the other service and therefore has little ability to manipulate or even one who it knows has been successfully redoubled. The question why a service sometimes does this is a valid one.", "The effects of years of clandestine association with the adversary are deep and subtle; the Service B case officer working with a double agent of service A is characterized by an ethnicity or religion may find those bonds run deep, even if the agent hates the government of A. The service B officer may care deeply for the double. Another result of lengthy prior clandestine service is that the agent may be hard to control in most operations the case officer's superior training and experience give him so decided an edge over the agent that recognition of this superiority makes the agent more tractable. But add to the fact that the experienced double agent may have been in the business longer than his U.S. control his further advantage in having gained a first-hand comparative knowledge of the workings of at least two disparate services, and the case officer's margin of superiority diminishes, vanishes, or even is reversed. One facet of the efforts to control a double agent operation is to ensure that the double agent is protected from discovery by the parent intelligence service; this is especially true in circumstances where the double agent is a defector-in-place. Like all other intelligence operations, double agent cases are run to protect and enhance the national security. They serve this purpose principally by providing current counterintelligence about hostile intelligence and security services and about clandestine subversive activities. The service and officer considering a double agent possibility must weigh net national advantage thoughtfully, never forgetting that a double agent is, in effect, a condoned channel of communication with the enemy. A service discovering an adversary agent may offer him employment as a double. His agreement, obtained under open or implied duress, is unlikely, however, to be accompanied by a genuine switch of loyalties."], "answer": {"text": "United States Civil Service", "answer_start": 509}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was the double agent in the comics Mystique?", "answer": {"text": "Mystique,", "answer_start": 453, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2d2ac28a31d340be94d43f908df1d65e_1_q#2", "question": "Was she forced into this decision?", "rewrite": "Was Mystique forced into becoming a double agent?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The effects of years of clandestine association with the adversary are deep and subtle; the Service B case officer working with a double agent of service A is characterized by an ethnicity or religion may find those bonds run deep, even if the agent hates the government of A. The service B officer may care deeply for the double. Another result of lengthy prior clandestine service is that the agent may be hard to control in most operations the case officer's superior training and experience give him so decided an edge over the agent that recognition of this superiority makes the agent more tractable. But add to the fact that the experienced double agent may have been in the business longer than his U.S. control his further advantage in having gained a first-hand comparative knowledge of the workings of at least two disparate services, and the case officer's margin of superiority diminishes, vanishes, or even is reversed. One facet of the efforts to control a double agent operation is to ensure that the double agent is protected from discovery by the parent intelligence service; this is especially true in circumstances where the double agent is a defector-in-place. Like all other intelligence operations, double agent cases are run to protect and enhance the national security. They serve this purpose principally by providing current counterintelligence about hostile intelligence and security services and about clandestine subversive activities. The service and officer considering a double agent possibility must weigh net national advantage thoughtfully, never forgetting that a double agent is, in effect, a condoned channel of communication with the enemy. A service discovering an adversary agent may offer him employment as a double. His agreement, obtained under open or implied duress, is unlikely, however, to be accompanied by a genuine switch of loyalties.", "However, added to the fact that the experienced double agent may have been in the business longer than his case officer, his further advantage in having gained a first-hand comparative knowledge of the workings of at least two disparate services, and it is obvious that the case officer's margin of superiority diminishes, vanishes, or even reverses. One facet of the efforts to control a double agent operation is to ensure that the double agent is protected from discovery by the parent intelligence service; this is especially true in circumstances where the double agent is a defector-in-place. Double agent operations must be carefully planned, executed, and above all, reported. One of the problems with double agent operations in the US, run by the FBI, is that the FBI culture has been very decentralized to the field office level. This is, perhaps, an overreaction to the extremely centralized culture under J. Edgar Hoover. Prior to 9/11, information in one field office, which might reveal problems in a HUMINT operation, is not necessarily shared with other offices. FBI Director Robert Mueller cited the changes since 9/11: \"We then centralized coordination of our counterterrorism program. Unlike before, when investigations were managed primarily by individual field offices, the Counterterrorism Division at Headquarters now has the authority and the responsibility to direct and coordinate counterterrorism investigations throughout the country. This fundamental change has improved our ability to coordinate our operations here and abroad, and it has clearly established accountability at Headquarters for the development and success of our Counterterrorism Program.\" \"The amount of detail and administrative backstopping seems unbearable at times in such matters.", "Double agent In the field of counterintelligence, a double agent (also double secret agent) is an employee of a secret intelligence service for one country, whose primary purpose is to spy on a target organization of another country, but who, in fact, has been discovered by the target organization and is now spying on their own country's organization for the target organization. Double agentry may be practiced by spies of the target organization who infiltrate the controlling organization or may result from the \"turning\" (switching sides) of previously loyal agents of the controlling organization by the target. The threat of execution is the most common method of turning a captured agent (working for an intelligence service) into a double agent (working for a foreign intelligence service) or a double agent into a re-doubled agent. It is unlike a defector, who is not considered an agent as agents are in place to function for an intelligence service and defectors are not, but some consider that defectors in place are agents until they have defected. Double agents are often used to transmit disinformation or to identify other agents as part of counter-espionage operations. They are often very trusted by the controlling organization since the target organization will give them true, but useless or even counterproductive, information to pass along. A re-doubled agent is an agent who gets caught as a double agent and is forced to mislead the foreign intelligence service. F.M. Begoum describes the redoubled agent as \"one whose duplicity in doubling for another service has been detected by his original sponsor and who has been persuaded to reverse his affections again\". A triple agent is a spy who pretends to be a double agent for one side, while they are truthfully a double agent for the other side.", "Service A believes it is in contact with its own agent, and the agent believes he is communicating with his true control. This is extremely difficult to continue for more than a very brief period of time. Creating an unwitting double agent is extremely rare. The manipulative skill required to deceive an agent into thinking that he is serving his team when in fact he is damaging its interests is plainly of the highest order. A triple agent can be a double agent that decides his true loyalty is to his original service, or could always have been loyal to his service but is part of an active provocation of your service. If managing a double agent is hard, agents that turned again (i.e., tripled) or another time after that are far more difficult, but in some rare cases, worthwhile. Any service B controlling, or believing it controls, a double agent, must constantly evaluate the information that agent is providing on service A. While service A may have been willing to sacrifice meaningful information, or even other human assets, to help an intended penetration agent establish his bona fides, at some point, service A may start providing useless or misleading information as part of the goal of service A. In the WWII Double Cross System, another way the British controllers (i.e., service B in this example) kept the Nazis believing in their agent, was that the British let true information flow, but too late for the Germans to act on it. The double agent might send information indicating that a lucrative target was in range of a German submarine, but, by the time the information reaches the Germans, they confirm the report was true because the ship is now docked in a safe port that would have been a logical destination on the course reported by the agent.", "Although the arrest and prosecution of Aldrich Ames of the CIA and Robert Hanssen of the FBI, both of whom were senior counterintelligence officers in their respective agencies who volunteered to spy for the Russians, hardly qualifies as conclusive evidence that triple-agent operations were not attempted throughout the community writ large, these two cases suggest that neutralization operations may be the preferred method of handling adversary double agent operations vice the more aggressive exploitation of these potential triple-agent sources. A concern with triple agents, of course, is if they have changed loyalties twice, why not a third or even more times? Consider a variant where the agent remains fundamentally loyal to B: Successes such as the British Double Cross System or the German Operation North Pole show that these types of operations are indeed feasible. Therefore, despite the obviously very risky and extremely complex nature of double agent operations, the potentially quite lucrative intelligence windfall \u2013 the disruption or deception of an adversary service \u2013 makes them an inseparable component of exploitation operations. If a double agent wants to come home to Service A, how can he offer a better way to redeem himself than recruiting the Service B case officer that was running his double agent case, essentially redoubling the direction of the operation? If the case officer refuses, that is apt to be the end of the operation. If the attempt fails, of course, the whole operation has to be terminated. A creative agent can tell his case office, even if he had not been tripled, that he had been loyal all along, and the case officer would, at best, be revealed as a fool. \"Occasionally a service runs a double agent whom it knows to be under the control of the other service and therefore has little ability to manipulate or even one who it knows has been successfully redoubled. The question why a service sometimes does this is a valid one."], "answer": {"text": "Professor X is forced to make Mystique his secret agent,", "answer_start": 1404}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was the double agent in the comics Mystique?", "answer": {"text": "Mystique,", "answer_start": 453, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did she turn on to become a double agent?", "answer": {"text": "United States Civil Service", "answer_start": 509, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2d2ac28a31d340be94d43f908df1d65e_1_q#3", "question": "Was there a mission or something she went on during this time?", "rewrite": "Was there a mission or something Mystique went on during her time being Professor X's secret agent?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Though the plan is successful, the Avengers ultimately defeat the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants, capturing all of them except Rogue and Mystique. Moreover, Rogue finds that she has absorbed Ms. Marvel's memories, personality, and powers permanently. In a further humiliation, a confrontation at the Pentagon ends with Mystique being defeated and turned over to the authorities by a powerless Ms. Marvel. The Brotherhood of Evil Mutants eventually escape, and battle against Dazzler. In an act of revenge against Mystique, Mastermind unbalances Rogue's psyche with the one she absorbed from Ms. Marvel, which prompts her to defect to the X-Men. Because Rogue left without a word, Mystique assumes that Professor X, the X-Men's mentor, brainwashed her. The Brotherhood of Evil Mutants accordingly launches an attempt to kill Professor X. Rogue stops Mystique, and explains that she joined the X-Men because Professor X, as the world's most powerful telepath, is her best hope of healing for her fragmented psyche. Mystique reluctantly relinquishes her guardianship of Rogue. Anti-mutant sentiment rises and the federal government launches its own covert anti-mutant program, Project Wideawake. Believing that the times have become too dangerous for the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants to continue, Mystique goes to Doctor Valerie Cooper, special assistant to the head of the National Security Council, and offers the Brotherhood's services to the government. In return for entering government service, Mystique and her team receive a presidential pardon for all criminal charges, to be revoked if any member of Freedom Force is found committing a crime. Cooper agrees to convey the offer to the President on the condition that the Brotherhood arrests their founder, Magneto. The Brotherhood, now reincarnated as Freedom Force, are defeated by Magneto and the X-Men.", "When Magneto learns that Freedom Force are official federal agents, he voluntarily surrenders to them. Mystique leads Freedom Force in capturing the Avengers on behalf of the federal government. She clashes with X-Factor in seeking to arrest Rusty Collins. With Freedom Force, she fights the X-Men in Dallas, and witnesses her foster daughter's apparent demise. With Freedom Force, she battles Cyclops and Marvel Girl. With Freedom Force she seeks to arrest Rusty Collins again, and battles the New Mutants. She finally succeeds in capturing Collins as well as Skids. She leads Freedom Force against the Reavers on Muir Island. On this particularly disastrous mission, Freedom Force loses two of its members, Stonewall and Mystique's lover Destiny. The death of her lover leaves Mystique psychologically scarred. Mystique is later nearly killed by Dr. Valerie Cooper, who is under the Shadow King's mental control. She then impersonates Dr. Valerie Cooper. Mystique is eventually discovered impersonating Dr. Cooper, and saves Xavier's life by killing the Shadow King's human host, Jacob Reisz. She finally reconciles with Rogue. In time, she comes to terms with Destiny's death. She teams with Spiral and Wolverine in thwarting Mojo's near-destruction of the universe. Mystique later briefly stays as a guest at Xavier's mansion. She begins going insane, and leaves the mansion under the care of Forge. Professor X is forced to make Mystique his secret agent, as his previous one, Prudence Leighton, has died and Mystique is the only one suitable to complete the missions. Xavier poses as Magneto to rescue Mystique from the Department of Homeland Security and from execution at the hands of Johny Kitano, Special Magistrate for Homo Superior crimes against humanity, and a mutant himself.", "A training session also showed a new Super Sabre and Commando, but they were not included on the mission. This Brotherhood managed to assassinate Moira MacTaggert before they were disbanded. Later, a short-lived Marvel series called \"The Brotherhood\" featured a large group of mutant terrorists, unrelated to any other version of the Brotherhood. The group was founded by the mutants Hoffman, Orwell and Marshal, but Marshal left the group and became a government agent. Hoffman hid his identity under the alias \"X\". Marshal had the orders to take down the Brotherhood, but was really planning on killing Hoffman and becoming the new \"X\". This series was cancelled after nine issues, at which point all members had either been killed in the power struggle between Hoffman and Marshal or by the publicity-driven X-Force (later renamed X-Statix). The next incarnation of the Brotherhood was led by Mystique again and included the new member Fever Pitch. This Brotherhood had infiltrated the X-Corps and took over the group, before it was defeated by the X-Men and Mystique sucked into another dimension by X-Corps recruit Abyss (ironically landing the two into the arms of Azazel, who was the father of both Abyss and Mystique's biological son Nightcrawler). Following her being rescued from her former lover's realm, Mystique would become a reluctant agent of Professor X, doing black ops missions for him. While employed, Mystique claimed that the second and third Brotherhood formed by her were actually formed by someone trying to frame her, something Xavier dismissed as lies designed by Mystique to gain sympathy from Xavier. Another Brotherhood was formed by former X-Man Xorn, who thought he was Magneto.", "Though the plan is successful, the Avengers ultimately defeat the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants, capturing all of them except Rogue and Mystique. Moreover, Rogue finds that she has absorbed Ms. Marvel's memories, personality, and powers permanently. In a further humiliation, a confrontation at the Pentagon ends with Mystique being defeated and turned over to the authorities by a powerless Ms. Marvel. The Brotherhood of Evil Mutants eventually escape, and battle against Dazzler. In an act of revenge against Mystique, Mastermind unbalances Rogue's psyche with the one she absorbed from Ms. Marvel, which prompts her to defect to the X-Men. Because Rogue left without a word, Mystique assumes that Professor X, the X-Men's mentor, brainwashed her. The Brotherhood of Evil Mutants accordingly launches an attempt to kill Professor X. Rogue stops Mystique, and explains that she joined the X-Men because Professor X, as the world's most powerful telepath, is her best hope of healing for her fragmented psyche. Mystique reluctantly relinquishes her guardianship of Rogue.", "He claims he was unable to distinguish that Black Bolt had been replaced by a Skrull, and his powers were tested quickly by the Black Bolt Skrull. Professor X leaves after learning even he can no longer trust the others, yet appears to have severely restricted the number of people he informs of the forthcoming alien invasion, as the X-Men were not prepared for the Skrulls, at least at first. Xavier has not seen again during the events of \"Secret Invasion\", though his X-Men in San Francisco are successful at repelling the invaders there through the use of the modified Legacy Virus. During the \"Dark Reign\" storyline, Professor X convinces Exodus to disband the Acolytes. A H.A.M.M.E.R. helicopter arrives and from inside appears Norman Osborn, who wants to talk to him. During the Dark Avengers' arrival in San Francisco to enforce martial law and squelch the anti-mutant riots occurring in the city, Xavier appears (back in his wheelchair) in the company of Norman Osborn and publicly denounces Cyclops' actions and urges him to turn himself in. However, this Xavier was revealed to be Mystique who Osborn recruited to impersonate Xavier in public. The real Xavier is shown in prison on Alcatraz and slowly being stripped of his telepathic powers while in psionic contact with Beast, who was arrested earlier for his part in the anti-mutant riots. It was also revealed by Emma Frost that she and Professor X are both Omega Class Telepaths when she manages to detect the real Professor X. Professor X helps Emma Frost enter Sentry's mind. However, as Emma frees him of the Void's influence, a minute sliver of the entity itself remains in her mind."], "answer": {"text": "she attempts the theft of the Centurion weaponry from S.H.I.E.L.D.", "answer_start": 842}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was the double agent in the comics Mystique?", "answer": {"text": "Mystique,", "answer_start": 453, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did she turn on to become a double agent?", "answer": {"text": "United States Civil Service", "answer_start": 509, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she forced into this decision?", "answer": {"text": "Professor X is forced to make Mystique his secret agent,", "answer_start": 1404, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_2d2ac28a31d340be94d43f908df1d65e_1_q#4", "question": "What reason did she want this weaponry?", "rewrite": "What reason did Mystique want the Centurion weaponry from S.H.I.E.L.D.?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["She thought her power was a curse. Not long after, she was approached by Mystique, who sought her out on the advice of her precognitive partner Destiny. Mystique ultimately took Rogue in as a daughter. In time, however, Mystique turned Rogue's loneliness, envy, bitterness, and despair into anger, thus recruiting her into the Brotherhood of Mutants. Chris Claremont said in June 2016 that had he not left Marvel in 1991, Mystique would have been Rogue's real mother. It is a storyline that appeared in a 2009 run of the series \"X-Men Forever\". Claremont also revealed that Rogue's physical appearance was originally intended to be modeled on Grace Jones; however, artist Michael Golden did not know what Jones looked like. After Rogue's mutation emerges, Mystique begins coaxing Rogue into taking part in her terrorist activities as a member of the Brotherhood of Mutants. Rogue initially wants only a normal life, but after she kisses a boy named Cody, unintentionally rendering him unconscious with her power, she gives up on normality and begins taking part in Mystique's plans. Rogue and Mystique associate briefly with a mutant named Blindspot, whose power to erase the memories of others by touch somehow counteracts Rogue's mutation enough to allow them to make physical contact safely. Blindspot and Rogue become good friends, but when Mystique decides to sever professional ties with Blindspot, Blindspot erases all memory of her from both Mystique and Rogue. When Mystique debuts her Brotherhood of Evil Mutants, Destiny advises her to keep Rogue out of the action, advice which proves important when several members of the new Brotherhood are arrested and imprisoned. Mystique concocts a plan to free the other members of the Brotherhood by having Rogue absorb Ms. Marvel's formidable powers.", "Mystique becomes the adoptive mother of the four-year-old girl Rogue. Rogue had run away from her home in rural Caldecott County, Mississippi. The girl was living alone in a wooded area, brandishing a shotgun and trusting no one, when Mystique found her. Destiny foresees that Rogue will be important to them and Mystique seeks her out, gains her trust, and takes her in. She and Destiny raise the girl, and Mystique grows to be very protective of her. Mystique, as Raven Darkholme, rises rapidly through the United States Civil Service to the trusted position of Deputy Director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in the United States Department of Defense. This position gives her access to military secrets and advanced weaponry, both of which she uses for her own criminal and subversive purposes. In this position, she attempts the theft of the Centurion weaponry from S.H.I.E.L.D. She also beat Ms. Marvel's lover Michael Barnett to death, and sought to kill Ms. Marvel. To help her in her criminal activities, Mystique organizes her own incarnation of the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants, consisting of herself, Avalanche, the Blob, Destiny, and Pyro. The Brotherhood attempts to assassinate Senator Robert Kelly, a notoriously anti-mutant politician. The X-Men thwart the assassination attempt, and all of the Brotherhood save Mystique herself are incarcerated. Rogue is trained by Mystique and eventually joins the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants. Her mutant power is the ability to absorb the memories, personality, and skills or powers of whomever she touches. To free the other members of the Brotherhood, Mystique concocts a plan involving Rogue absorbing the powers of Ms. Marvel and the Avengers.", "-Centurion game 1987) Neil Kennedy -(Premier debut 1980-Centurion game 1987) Tony Keepa -(Premier debut 1984 -Centurion game 1989) Issi Tuivai -(Premier debut 1987-Centurion game 1992) Craig Lawrence -(Premier debut 1988-Centurion game 1992) Myles Ferris -(Premier debut 1989-Centurion game 1994) Haydn Ferris -(Premier debut 1989-Centurion game 1994-Double Centurion-2002) David 'Doc' Van Praagh -(Premier debut 1989-Centurion game 1995) Jason Matthews -(Premier debut 1988-Centurion game 1997) Stephen Doherty -(Premier debut 1992-Centurion game 1998) Chris Mayerhofler -(Premier debut 1992-Centurion game 1998) Alan Linstrom-(Premier debut 1993-Centurion game 1999-Double Centurion 2005) Adriaan Ferris -(Premier debut 1993-Centurion game 1999) Richard Shaw -(Premier debut 1995-Centurion game 2001) Manu Faiva -(Premier debut 1993-Centurion game 2001) Metu Egelani -(Premier debut 1998-Centurion game 2004) Brett Ingham -(Premier debut 1997-Centurion game 2005) Jeremy Hikuroa-(Premier debut 1997-Centurion game 2007-Double Centurion 2015 Simon Fincham -(Premier debut 2001-Centurion game 2007) Tanimo Samoa -(Premier debut 2005-Centurion game 2012) Shea Turner - (Premier debut 2007- Centurion game 2012) Paul Turner -(Premier debut 1998- Centurion game 2014) Baden Woodman -(Premier debut 1999-Centurion game 2014)", "Music City Mystique Music City Mystique is an independent indoor drumline based in Nashville, Tennessee. Also known to fans as \"Mystique\" or \"McM\", Music City Mystique is a member of the Southeastern Color Guard Circuit and Winter Guard International. Mystique competes in Percussion Independent World Class (PIW) which is for groups that perform music/visual programs of the highest difficulty in both SCGC and WGI. Music City Mystique has been a PIW Finalist every year since 1995 and were WGI World Champions in 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2004, 2006, 2011, and 2017. Currently, Mystique is the only 8-time Winter Guard International Percussion World Champion. Music City Mystique was formed in 1995 by Don Click and Chris Finen in Nashville, Tennessee. The drumline was formed by combining two local high schools drumlines since neither school had the funding or members to compete separately. Since then, Mystique has grown tremendously and is not supported financially or otherwise by any local high school. Most members are college age, while several high schoolers participate as well. Mystique currently competes in the Percussion Independent World Class in both SCGC and WGI. They are undefeated for their entire time in SCGC, and have never finished lower than 5th in WGI. They are also the only WGI World Class ensemble to receive three consecutive gold medals. Don Click was the \"Executive Director\" of Mystique from 1995-2006. He is currently serving as a Board Member and member of the Program Coordination Team. Click is a 2010 Inductee in the WGI Hall of Fame. Chris Finen has filled various roles in the organization including \"Director of Indoor Percussion\" as well as \"Percussion Arranger\" and is currently the President of the Board of Directors of McM.", "Mystique becomes the adoptive mother of the four-year-old girl Rogue. Rogue had run away from her home in rural Caldecott County, Mississippi. The girl was living alone in a wooded area, brandishing a shotgun and trusting no one, when Mystique found her. Destiny foresees that Rogue will be important to them and Mystique seeks her out, gains her trust, and takes her in. She and Destiny raise the girl, and Mystique grows to be very protective of her. Mystique, as Raven Darkholme, rises rapidly through the United States Civil Service to the trusted position of Deputy Director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in the United States Department of Defense. This position gives her access to military secrets and advanced weaponry, both of which she uses for her own criminal and subversive purposes. In this position, she attempts the theft of the Centurion weaponry from S.H.I.E.L.D. She also beat Ms. Marvel's lover Michael Barnett to death, and sought to kill Ms. Marvel. To help her in her criminal activities, Mystique organizes her own incarnation of the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants, consisting of herself, Avalanche, the Blob, Destiny, and Pyro. The Brotherhood attempts to assassinate Senator Robert Kelly, a notoriously anti-mutant politician. The X-Men thwart the assassination attempt, and all of the Brotherhood save Mystique herself are incarcerated. Rogue is trained by Mystique and eventually joins the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants. Her mutant power is the ability to absorb the memories, personality, and skills or powers of whomever she touches. To free the other members of the Brotherhood, Mystique concocts a plan involving Rogue absorbing the powers of Ms. Marvel and the Avengers."], "answer": {"text": "To help her in her criminal activities,", "answer_start": 999}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was the double agent in the comics Mystique?", "answer": {"text": "Mystique,", "answer_start": 453, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did she turn on to become a double agent?", "answer": {"text": "United States Civil Service", "answer_start": 509, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she forced into this decision?", "answer": {"text": "Professor X is forced to make Mystique his secret agent,", "answer_start": 1404, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Was there a mission or something she went on during this time?", "answer": {"text": "she attempts the theft of the Centurion weaponry from S.H.I.E.L.D.", "answer_start": 842, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4bebd16bd0d54ca187284bfa07a983b2_1_q#0", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about Emmeline Pankhurst, Richard's death?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about Emmeline Pankhurst, Richard's death?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Mary Jane Clarke Mary Jane Clarke (1862\u20131910), was a British suffragette. She was the younger sister of suffragette Emmeline Pankhurst and she died after being force fed whilst in prison. Clarke was born in Salford and was one of ten children; her older sister Emmeline Pankhurst being one of them. Her father was the managing director of a cotton-printing works. She was educated at the \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, Paris along with her sister. She was co-founder with Emmeline of the Emerson & Co. shop in Hampstead Row. At the shop, her artistic skills added decoration of the shops\u2019s stock of art-enameled fancy goods and was described in the 1891 census as a \"decorative artist\". After the Pankursts moved to Manchester in 1893, she helped to reliance Emerson's there in 1898. In December 1895, she married John Clarke. By 1904 she left him, and lived with Sylvia Pankhurst. In the early years of the Women\u2019s Social and Political Union, Clarke acted as Emmeline Pankhurst's deputy as registrar in Manchester. By February 1906, she was fully involved in the WSPU and in 1907 was appointed a WSPU organiser. In 1909, she led a group to Downing Street, and was arrested and sentenced to one month in prison. Clarke had been given a Hunger Strike Medal 'for Valour'. After being released, she began speaking for the WSPU in Yorkshire in 1909 and by the summer was the organizer supported by Minnie Baldock who was financially supported by Minnie Turner to help Clarke on the south coast in Brighton. She ran the general election campaign in the January 1910 United Kingdom general election.", "Pankhurst Centre The Pankhurst Centre, 60\u201362 Nelson Street, Manchester, is a pair of Victorian villas, of which No. 62 was the home of Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters Sylvia, Christabel and Adela and the birthplace of the suffragette movement in 1903. The Pankhurst's villas now form a centre that is a women-only space which creates a unique environment for women to learn together, work on projects and socialise. It is a Grade II* listed building as of 10 June 1974. It also contains a museum, The Pankhurst Parlour, which has become a memorial to the suffragette movement. Its Edwardian style furnishings evoke the home of Mrs Pankhurst and her daughters. The Parlour was the first room in the Pankhurst Centre to be redecorated and was the centre of attraction when Barbara Castle and Helen Pankhurst opened the Centre on 10 October 1987. The Women's Social and Political Union was founded in the parlour of Emmeline Pankhurst's home in October 1903. The Pankhurst Centre is run by volunteers and receives no public funding, relying solely on donations. The Representation of the People Act gave the vote to all men aged 21 and over and women aged 30 and over who met certain property qualifications. In this centenary year calls have been made to fund the Pankhurst Centre to make it a major and significant museum that tells the story of women's suffrage and the women's rights movement. 62 Nelson Street was the home of Emmeline Pankhurst at the time she founded the Women's Social and Political Union in 1903 . She moved there after the death of her husband, Richard Pankhurst in 1898. The Pankhurst Centre suffered a break-in on 1 October 2019.", "Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial The Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial is a memorial in London to Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughter Christabel, two of the foremost British suffragettes. It stands at the entrance to Victoria Tower Gardens, south of Victoria Tower at the southwest corner of the Palace of Westminster. Its main feature is a bronze statue of Emmeline Pankhurst by Arthur George Walker, unveiled in 1930. In 1958 the statue was relocated to its current site and the bronze reliefs commemorating Christabel Pankhurst were added. Shortly after Emmeline Pankhurst's death in 1928 a Pankhurst Memorial Fund was established, with her fellow suffragettes Rosamund Massey and Katherine \"Kitty\" Marshall (Pankhurst's former bodyguard in the Women's Social and Political Union) as joint secretaries. The fund's objectives were to arrange a headstone for her grave, to acquire Georgina Brakenbury's portrait of Pankhurst and to erect a public statue. Some spectators, such as Nancy Astor, believed the idea of a statue impractical, noting that Pankhurst herself did not believe she was \"statuesque\" and the fact that the British public were facing austere times, which would impose financial constraints on the project. In reality raising the money, which was largely organised by \"The Suffragette\"'s editor Rachel Barrett, was not the issue; finding a location for the statue was the real problem. Although the Chief Commissioner of Public Works, Sir Lionel Earle, was sympathetic to their cause, he believed that it would be impractical to place the statue in Westminster. After several locations were rejected Marshall secured permission to erect the statue in a corner of Victoria Tower Gardens near the Houses of Parliament.", "Women's Social and Political Union The Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) was a women-only political movement and leading militant organisation campaigning for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom from 1903 to 1917. Known from 1906 as the suffragettes, its membership and policies were tightly controlled by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters Christabel and Sylvia (although Sylvia was eventually expelled). The WSPU membership became known for civil disobedience and direct action. It heckled politicians, held demonstrations and marches, broke the law to force arrests, broke windows in prominent buildings, set fire to post boxes, committed night-time arson of unoccupied houses and churches, and\u2014when imprisoned\u2014went on hunger strike and endured force-feeding. The Women's Social and Political Union was founded as an independent women's movement on 10 October 1903 at 62 Nelson Street, Manchester, home of the Pankhurst family. Emmeline Pankhurst, along with two of her daughters, Christabel and Sylvia, and her husband, Richard, before his death in 1898, had been active in the Independent Labour Party (ILP), founded in 1893 by Keir Hardie, a family friend. (Hardie later founded the Labour Party.) Emmeline Pankhurst had increasingly felt that the ILP was not there for women. On 9 October 1903 she invited a group of ILP women to meet at her home the next day, telling them: \"Women, we must do the work ourselves. We must have an independent women's movement. Come to my house tomorrow and we will arrange it!\" Membership of the WSPU was open to women only, and it had no party affiliation.", "Mabel Tuke Mabel Kate Tuke born Mabel Kate Lear (19 May 1871 \u2013 22 November 1962) was a British suffragette known for her role of honorary secretary of the militant Women's Social and Political Union. Tuke was born in Plumstead in London in 1871. In 1901 she married George Moxley Tuke but he died and by 1905 she was back in Britain. She was good friends with Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence who introduced her to the Manchester based Women's Social and Political Union that had been started by Emmeline Pankhurst in 1903. The WSPU were opening a branch in London and in time their headquarters would move there. From 1906 Tuke became the honorary secretary of the WSPU. Emmeline Pankhurst resisted efforts to remove her absolute authority. In 1907 a group of members led by Teresa Billington-Greig called for more democracy at the WSPU's annual meetings. Pankhurst admitted to being autocratic. She announced at a WSPU meeting that the constitution was void and cancelled the annual meetings. She declared that a small committee chosen by the members in attendance in 1907 be allowed to co-ordinate WSPU activities. Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst were chosen together with Tuke and Emmeline Pethick Lawrence. Several WSPU members including Billington-Greig and Charlotte Despard were so annoyed that they quit to form the Women's Freedom League. Tuke was with the Pankhursts and Pethick-Lawrence near the head of the forty thousand Women's Coronation Procession, following Marjery Bryce as Joan of Arc, portraying the range of women's suffrage groups and notable historical women through London on 17 June 1911."], "answer": {"text": "The loss of her husband left Pankhurst with new responsibilities and a significant amount of debt. She moved the family to a smaller house at 62 Nelson Street,", "answer_start": 794}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_4bebd16bd0d54ca187284bfa07a983b2_1_q#1", "question": "What city and state", "rewrite": "What city and state did Richard live?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Michael J. Mullins Michael J. Mullins (born Michael John Mullins, 9 November 1953) is an English lead vocalist, backing singer, and songwriter, best known as the lead singer of Salsa band Modern Romance (1982\u201385). Modern Romance achieved eight Top 40 singles and two hit albums. After the band called it quits in 1985, Mullins continued working within the music industry, most notably as a backing singer for Cliff Richard: he can be seen singing with Cliff Richard live on \"Top of the Pops\", on the Christmas number one single, \"Mistletoe and Wine\" (1988). Mullins has since performed with Alan Parsons as part of The Alan Parsons Project. Mullins began his music career as a backing vocalist and musician for Modern Romance. He is thanked on the sleeve of their debut album, \"Adventures in Clubland\" (1981), on which he provided vocals and guitar. During this time he also appeared with the band on episodes of \"Top of the Pops\", and provided further vocals on their single, \"By the Way (I'm Still in Love with You)\" (1982). The lead singer for Modern Romance was, at the time, Geoff Deane, who had formed the band with David Jaymes, two remnants of punk rock band The Leighton Buzzards. Modern Romance had reached No. 1 in Venezuela with \"Adventures in Clubland\" \u2013 which also earned them a Gold Disc there \u2013 and had scored four UK hits, Mullins often lending his vocals and talents as a musician to their live TV appearances and studio work. However, in 1982, Deane would leave the band to pursue a solo career. Following the departure of Geoff Deane in late 1982, the Jaymes/Deane era came to an end, and Mullins took over as Lead vocalist for Modern Romance.", "Just a Little Lovin'\" / \"True Love\" with Dean Martin, which became her first performance in the United States. In 1972, she embarked on a tour across Europe and Japan with Cliff Richard to promote \"If Not for You\" and \"Olivia\", known as The Cliff Richard Show / If Not for You Tour. Olivia performed some songs and also sang backing vocals on Cliff's songs with Pat Carroll. Richard performances were released on the \"Cliff Richard Live! \" album. She also made performances on Richard's program \"It's Cliff Richard\" and starred with him in the special \"Getaway with Cliff\" and the film \"The Case\", all broadcast on BBC. \"If Not for You\", the title track, was released as the lead single. The song peaked at number six on the UK Singles Charts and number fourteen on Australia's \"Go-Set\" singles chart. It was also an unexpected hit in North America, peaking at number twenty-five on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number eighteen on Canada's \"RPM\" top singles chart. The single was Newton-John's first number one on the US Top Easy Listening chart (now Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks). The second and last single, \"Banks of the Ohio\", was another success in the United Kingdom (peaking at number six) and Australia (Newton-John's first number one hit in the country), but failed to reach the top forty in Canada and United States, peaking at number sixty-six and ninety-four, respectively. To promote the album and Newton-John's image, the promotional singles \"If You Could Read My Mind\" (with \"It's So Hard to Say Goodbye\" as the B-side) and \"Love Song\" (with \"If\" as the B-side) were released in selected European countries.", "Little Richard Live Little Richard Live! is Little Richard's first album of new material since 1974, and the first album he had recorded since 1973. Recorded at the Jack Clement Studio in Nashville, the album featured remakes of twenty of his Specialty Records tracks. If you count live takes, this was actually the fifth or sixth time that Richard had recorded his classic mid-1950s hits. Despite the album's title, the tracks are studio recordings, not live performances. As of 2013, these October 1976 sessions and an early 1990s set with Japanese guitar man, Takanakka, are the last times that Penniman re-recorded his mid-1950s hits in the studio. Alternate takes from these sessions are found on a full stereo \"Audiophile\" album from 1980. Just prior to recording \"Little Richard Live!\", Richard appeared in the film \"The London Rock and Roll Show\" and on piano for two tracks on the Bachman\u2013Turner Overdrive album \"Head On\". Richard was approached by Stan Shulman in 1976, and it took some convincing, but Richard finally agreed to the sessions \u2013 he had already made his decision to leave rock and roll for the second time. After recording this album for K-Tel, Penniman did not return to a recording studio until 1979, where he recorded gospel music for the World label. Penniman reflected on this during an interview for UK music show \"The Tube\" in 1985, where he told presenter Jools Holland, \"I gave up rock and roll in 1976. I had a lot of death in my family, my brother fell dead, he had a heart attack , he was thirty-two years old. I had another friend who got shot in the head, another friend of mine got cut up with a butcher knife, another friend of mine had a heart attack, then my mother died.", "Jenny, Jenny \"Jenny, Jenny\" is a 1957 song written by American musician Little Richard and Enotris Johnson and recorded and released by Little Richard. It was featured on Penniman's debut album, \"Here's Little Richard\" and peaked at number ten on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and reached number two on the Hot Rhythm and Blues Singles chart. The song featured Penniman and studio musicians for Cosimo Matassa's J&M Studios in New Orleans that had been recording with Penniman since September 1955 including drummer Earl Palmer and saxophonists Lee Allen and Alvin \"Red\" Tyler. Penniman re-recorded the song three times in his career, the first version re-recorded for his 1966 Modern album, \"The Incredible Little Richard Sings His Greatest Hits - Live!\", the 1967 live album, \"\", for an album titled \"Mr. Big\", which included re-recorded studio versions of Penniman's classic hits recorded between 1964 and 1965, and his 1976 album, \"Little Richard Live\", with another re-recorded studio version.", "According to eminent author Mark Lewisohn in \"The Complete Beatles Chronicles\" (p. 365) The Beatles performed \"Tutti Frutti\" live from at least 1960 through 1962 (in Hamburg, Liverpool and elsewhere). Reportedly the lead vocal was always by Paul McCartney, but it is unknown whether their version was actually based on the one by Elvis or that of Little Richard. No recorded version is known to survive. However, according to author Allen J. Weiner in \"The Beatles - The Ultimate Recording Guide\" (p. 225) during the massive Get Back sessions a version of \"Tutti Frutti\" was recorded. A few months later George Harrison played on a live version which was recorded in Copenhagen with Delaney and Bonnie and Eric Clapton which came out on an unauthorized release, though a legitimate version was also recorded in concert in England (and released in 1970). In 1972 Ringo Starr drummed on, and produced a brief version with Elton John on piano and T. Rex singer Marc Bolan on lead vocal. Lastly, in the 1990s Paul McCartney did a (professionally recorded) soundcheck singing \"Tutti Frutti\" but not like Elvis or Little Richard but instead like an extremely laid-back Pat Boone of 1956 (Boone's real version was more lively). The McCartney version came out on an unauthorized release, \"Soundcheck Songs Vol. 1\") Little Richard re-recorded the song in 1964 for Vee Jay Records' \"Little Richard's Greatest Hits\" and again in 1978 for a K-tel compilation titled \"Little Richard Live\"."], "answer": {"text": "England.", "answer_start": 663}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about Emmeline Pankhurst, Richard's death?", "answer": {"text": "The loss of her husband left Pankhurst with new responsibilities and a significant amount of debt. She moved the family to a smaller house at 62 Nelson Street,", "answer_start": 794, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4bebd16bd0d54ca187284bfa07a983b2_1_q#2", "question": "How did he die", "rewrite": "How did Richard die?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The two most notable claimants to the throne, Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale (grandfather of King Robert I of Scotland) and John Balliol were his descendants through David's daughters Isobel and Margaret, respectively. David is a possible inspiration figure for the Robin Hood legend because the legend plays at the same time as David lived in the 1190s. The association of Robin Hood with the Earl of Huntingdon can be traced to ballads of the 17th century, such as \"A True Tale of Robin Hood\". Both David and Robin Hood are said to have taken part in the Third Crusade, and by 1194 David had taken part at the siege of Nottingham Castle where the High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire and Derby County was taken captive. His son Robert who died young may also have been a possible inspiration for Robin Hood. Sir Walter Scott's 1825 novel \"The Talisman\" features Earl David in his capacity as a prince of Scotland as a crusader on the Third Crusade. For the majority of the novel, Earl David operates under an alias: Sir Kenneth of the Couchant Leopard. Earl David's adventures are highly fictionalized for this novel. The television series \"Robin of Sherwood\" features Earl David of Huntingdon. The first reference to Earl David (by name only) is in the episode \"The Prisoner\", in which Prince John states that Earl David is a \"dissident\" who opposes Prince John's possible succession as King Richard's heir should Richard die without a legitimate heir of his body. The earl himself appears in the first part of \"Herne's Son\" in which he is not referred to directly as David; his character is the father of Robert of Huntingdon, the second son of Herne to feature in the series adopting the alias of Robin Hood.", "His death threatened to derail the Treaty of Gisors that Philip had orchestrated to isolate the powerful Blois-Champagne faction. Philip decided to return to France to settle the issue of succession in Flanders, a decision that displeased Richard, who said, \"It is a shame and a disgrace on my lord if he goes away without having finished the business that brought him hither. But still, if he finds himself in bad health, or is afraid lest he should die here, his will be done. \" On 31 July 1191, the French army of 10,000 men (along with 5,000 silver marks to pay the soldiers) remained in Outremer under the command of Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy. Philip and his cousin Peter of Courtenay, Count of Nevers, made their way to Genoa and from there returned to France. The decision to return was also fuelled by the realisation that with Richard campaigning in the Holy Land, English possessions in northern France would be open to attack. After Richard's delayed return home, war between England and France would ensue over possession of English-controlled territories. The immediate cause of Philip's conflict with Richard the Lionheart stemmed from Richard's decision to break his betrothal with Phillip's sister Alys at Messina in 1191. Part of Alys's dowry that had been given over to Richard during their engagement was the territory of Vexin, which included the strategic fortress of Gisors. This should have reverted to Philip upon the end of the betrothal, but Philip, to prevent the collapse of the Crusade, agreed that this territory was to remain in Richard's hands and would be inherited by his male descendants. Should Richard die without an heir, the territory would return to Philip, and if Philip died without an heir, those lands would be considered a part of Normandy.", "Richard, John's elder brother, had married Anne Weld, a daughter of Humphrey Weld, a powerful merchant who was Lord Mayor of London in 1608. They had two sons before Richard died in 1615: Richard and Humphrey. Richard survived his father but Humphrey seems to have predeceased him. The inquisition post mortem, held at Bridgnorth, noted that should the young Richard die without heirs, the estates would go to his uncle John or, failing that, his uncle Thomas. However, by the terms of the will, dated 2 May 1612, the estates were put into trust. The proceeds were to be used primarily to settle his debts and the administrators should \"\"at the end of the seven years, give an Accompt unto such person or persons as shall stand and be rightfullie seized of my Estate\"\". Young Richard was granted an annuity of \u00a350 for life, \"\"provided that he surrender all his Claime to the lands and hereditaments aforesaid.\" \" The reasons for this unusual provision are unknown, although some form of congenital disability is a possible explanation. John was the sole executor of the will and by 1618 had emerged as successor to his brother's estates. Neither his nephew Richard, who lived until 1649, nor Anne Weld, who subsequently remarried, ever challenged John Corbet's succession. In 1620 John Corbet married Ann Mainwaring of Ightfield, an estate to the west of Adderley. It is not known when Corbet was knighted, but he was created a baronet on 19 September 1627. He was made a justice of the peace and was pricked High Sheriff of Shropshire for 1628 to 1629.", "Panagiotis Toundas Panagiotis Toundas (; 1886\u2013 23 May 1942) was a Greek composer of the early 20th century. He is probably the most famous representative of the \"Smyrna School\" and made a notable contribution to the creation of the rebetico style music in Greece. He was born in Smyrna and from a young age he learned to play the mandolin. In the early 20th century became a member of the \"Smyrneiki Estudiantina\". He joined many groups and traveled a lot, especially to the Greek diaspora. After the Great fire of Smyrna he went to Athens. In 1924 he became director of the local annex of Odeon Records. He worked with all the major record labels in Greece and was responsible for the most recordings of the era. In 1931 he assumed the position of art director for Columbia Records and His Master's Voice until 1940. He worked with many musicians and many of his rebetiko songs were sung by well-known singers, such as Stelios Perpiniadis, Kostas Roukounas, Roza Eskenazi and Rita Abatzi. Panagiotis Toundas died on 23 May 1942 in Athens.", "The first we hear of the second chairman is at the Endgame Conference, where ten thousand high-ranking Nightrise members are invited to the United Nations Building in New York City, and he addresses them with a rather brief history of the Old Ones, and how close they came destroying the world ten thousand years ago, and the Five defeating them in their battle. He also mentions that the late Nightrise agent Diego Salamander used his satellite to open the gate in the Nazca Desert, and how the Five have been reborn on the other side of time, and that the Old Ones have built Fortress Oblivion, in Antarctica. He also states that the Old Ones have double-crossed their rich associates, saying they will fight for their evil cause. This results in a riot in the UN, with twenty members of the \"higher circle\" dead and the rest consigned to militia training camps. Following the double-cross, the new chairman gives Jonas Mortlake the task of bringing Scott Tyler to the dark side. He also gives him a psychological profile of Scott, made by his mother before she was killed by Warren Cornfield. The next time the new chairman appears is at Oblivion, where he reveals to Scott the Old Ones' plan to capture Matt, following the events of Evil Star, where he wounded the King of the Old Ones. He instructs his operative Omar to follow the World Army back to their encampment and give a message to lure Matt to Skua Bay. Matt and Richard take the bait. The Old Ones' fly-soldiers capture Richard and seal him inside a cell. They take Matt and attempt to crucify him in front of thousands of spectators, and they want Matt to watch Richard die."], "answer": {"text": "Richard Pankhurst began to experience severe stomach pains. He had developed a gastric ulcer, and his health deteriorated in 1897.", "answer_start": 44}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about Emmeline Pankhurst, Richard's death?", "answer": {"text": "The loss of her husband left Pankhurst with new responsibilities and a significant amount of debt. She moved the family to a smaller house at 62 Nelson Street,", "answer_start": 794, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What city and state", "answer": {"text": "England.", "answer_start": 663, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4bebd16bd0d54ca187284bfa07a983b2_1_q#3", "question": "When did he die", "rewrite": "When did Richard die?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Richard, John's elder brother, had married Anne Weld, a daughter of Humphrey Weld, a powerful merchant who was Lord Mayor of London in 1608. They had two sons before Richard died in 1615: Richard and Humphrey. Richard survived his father but Humphrey seems to have predeceased him. The inquisition post mortem, held at Bridgnorth, noted that should the young Richard die without heirs, the estates would go to his uncle John or, failing that, his uncle Thomas. However, by the terms of the will, dated 2 May 1612, the estates were put into trust. The proceeds were to be used primarily to settle his debts and the administrators should \"\"at the end of the seven years, give an Accompt unto such person or persons as shall stand and be rightfullie seized of my Estate\"\". Young Richard was granted an annuity of \u00a350 for life, \"\"provided that he surrender all his Claime to the lands and hereditaments aforesaid.\" \" The reasons for this unusual provision are unknown, although some form of congenital disability is a possible explanation. John was the sole executor of the will and by 1618 had emerged as successor to his brother's estates. Neither his nephew Richard, who lived until 1649, nor Anne Weld, who subsequently remarried, ever challenged John Corbet's succession. In 1620 John Corbet married Ann Mainwaring of Ightfield, an estate to the west of Adderley. It is not known when Corbet was knighted, but he was created a baronet on 19 September 1627. He was made a justice of the peace and was pricked High Sheriff of Shropshire for 1628 to 1629.", "Panagiotis Toundas Panagiotis Toundas (; 1886\u2013 23 May 1942) was a Greek composer of the early 20th century. He is probably the most famous representative of the \"Smyrna School\" and made a notable contribution to the creation of the rebetico style music in Greece. He was born in Smyrna and from a young age he learned to play the mandolin. In the early 20th century became a member of the \"Smyrneiki Estudiantina\". He joined many groups and traveled a lot, especially to the Greek diaspora. After the Great fire of Smyrna he went to Athens. In 1924 he became director of the local annex of Odeon Records. He worked with all the major record labels in Greece and was responsible for the most recordings of the era. In 1931 he assumed the position of art director for Columbia Records and His Master's Voice until 1940. He worked with many musicians and many of his rebetiko songs were sung by well-known singers, such as Stelios Perpiniadis, Kostas Roukounas, Roza Eskenazi and Rita Abatzi. Panagiotis Toundas died on 23 May 1942 in Athens.", "The first we hear of the second chairman is at the Endgame Conference, where ten thousand high-ranking Nightrise members are invited to the United Nations Building in New York City, and he addresses them with a rather brief history of the Old Ones, and how close they came destroying the world ten thousand years ago, and the Five defeating them in their battle. He also mentions that the late Nightrise agent Diego Salamander used his satellite to open the gate in the Nazca Desert, and how the Five have been reborn on the other side of time, and that the Old Ones have built Fortress Oblivion, in Antarctica. He also states that the Old Ones have double-crossed their rich associates, saying they will fight for their evil cause. This results in a riot in the UN, with twenty members of the \"higher circle\" dead and the rest consigned to militia training camps. Following the double-cross, the new chairman gives Jonas Mortlake the task of bringing Scott Tyler to the dark side. He also gives him a psychological profile of Scott, made by his mother before she was killed by Warren Cornfield. The next time the new chairman appears is at Oblivion, where he reveals to Scott the Old Ones' plan to capture Matt, following the events of Evil Star, where he wounded the King of the Old Ones. He instructs his operative Omar to follow the World Army back to their encampment and give a message to lure Matt to Skua Bay. Matt and Richard take the bait. The Old Ones' fly-soldiers capture Richard and seal him inside a cell. They take Matt and attempt to crucify him in front of thousands of spectators, and they want Matt to watch Richard die.", "His death threatened to derail the Treaty of Gisors that Philip had orchestrated to isolate the powerful Blois-Champagne faction. Philip decided to return to France to settle the issue of succession in Flanders, a decision that displeased Richard, who said, \"It is a shame and a disgrace on my lord if he goes away without having finished the business that brought him hither. But still, if he finds himself in bad health, or is afraid lest he should die here, his will be done. \" On 31 July 1191, the French army of 10,000 men (along with 5,000 silver marks to pay the soldiers) remained in Outremer under the command of Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy. Philip and his cousin Peter of Courtenay, Count of Nevers, made their way to Genoa and from there returned to France. The decision to return was also fuelled by the realisation that with Richard campaigning in the Holy Land, English possessions in northern France would be open to attack. After Richard's delayed return home, war between England and France would ensue over possession of English-controlled territories. The immediate cause of Philip's conflict with Richard the Lionheart stemmed from Richard's decision to break his betrothal with Phillip's sister Alys at Messina in 1191. Part of Alys's dowry that had been given over to Richard during their engagement was the territory of Vexin, which included the strategic fortress of Gisors. This should have reverted to Philip upon the end of the betrothal, but Philip, to prevent the collapse of the Crusade, agreed that this territory was to remain in Richard's hands and would be inherited by his male descendants. Should Richard die without an heir, the territory would return to Philip, and if Philip died without an heir, those lands would be considered a part of Normandy.", "The two most notable claimants to the throne, Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale (grandfather of King Robert I of Scotland) and John Balliol were his descendants through David's daughters Isobel and Margaret, respectively. David is a possible inspiration figure for the Robin Hood legend because the legend plays at the same time as David lived in the 1190s. The association of Robin Hood with the Earl of Huntingdon can be traced to ballads of the 17th century, such as \"A True Tale of Robin Hood\". Both David and Robin Hood are said to have taken part in the Third Crusade, and by 1194 David had taken part at the siege of Nottingham Castle where the High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire and Derby County was taken captive. His son Robert who died young may also have been a possible inspiration for Robin Hood. Sir Walter Scott's 1825 novel \"The Talisman\" features Earl David in his capacity as a prince of Scotland as a crusader on the Third Crusade. For the majority of the novel, Earl David operates under an alias: Sir Kenneth of the Couchant Leopard. Earl David's adventures are highly fictionalized for this novel. The television series \"Robin of Sherwood\" features Earl David of Huntingdon. The first reference to Earl David (by name only) is in the episode \"The Prisoner\", in which Prince John states that Earl David is a \"dissident\" who opposes Prince John's possible succession as King Richard's heir should Richard die without a legitimate heir of his body. The earl himself appears in the first part of \"Herne's Son\" in which he is not referred to directly as David; his character is the father of Robert of Huntingdon, the second son of Herne to feature in the series adopting the alias of Robin Hood."], "answer": {"text": "In the summer of 1898", "answer_start": 349}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about Emmeline Pankhurst, Richard's death?", "answer": {"text": "The loss of her husband left Pankhurst with new responsibilities and a significant amount of debt. She moved the family to a smaller house at 62 Nelson Street,", "answer_start": 794, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What city and state", "answer": {"text": "England.", "answer_start": 663, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he die", "answer": {"text": "Richard Pankhurst began to experience severe stomach pains. He had developed a gastric ulcer, and his health deteriorated in 1897.", "answer_start": 44, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e2f219f8ea724f02aa5112f4aa41fb72_0_q#0", "question": "What sort of success did Craddock have?", "rewrite": "What sort of success did Craddock have?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tom Craddock Thomas Craddock (born 14 October 1986) is an English professional footballer who plays for Spennymoor Town as a striker. Born in Darlington, County Durham, Craddock came through the youth system at Middlesbrough since joining the academy from Darlington Spraire Lads when he was eleven years old, and was a member of their FA Youth Cup winning side in 2003\u201304. While at the academy, Craddock suffered a serious shoulder injury, but managed to overcome the injury and started out as attacker role and then switched to defense role before reverting to attacker role. On 12 March 2005, Craddock signed his first professional contract with the club. He made his first team debut for the club as a substitute in the final game of the 2005\u201306 season against Fulham, having already scored 20 goals for the reserve team. On 16 June 2006, Craddock signed a contract with the club, keeping him until 2008. He joined Wrexham on a month's loan from 25 October 2006. He scored the winning goal on his debut for the team; however, the next day it was discovered he had suffered a knee injury, ruling him out for six weeks. After being sidelined for weeks, Craddock scored on his return for the club's reserve match against Leeds United Reserve on 29 November 2006. In the 2007-08 season, Craddock made a handful of first team appearance at Middlesbrough following a crisis of striker's injury and made two more league appearance for the club. However, Craddock suffered a hernia injury that resulted him having two operation and upon return, his first team opportunities was further limited. On 13 February 2008, Craddock joined League One side Hartlepool United on a month's loan.", "Mount Craddock Mount Craddock is a large, bold mountain forming the south extremity of Craddock Massif in Sentinel Range, the ninth highest mountain in Antarctica. It is linked by Karnare Col to Mount Strybing in the southern Sentinel Range. The ninth-highest mountain in Antarctica was first climbed in January 1992. The name Mount Craddock was originally recommended by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in 1965 for the present-day Craddock Massif but subsequent maps limited Mount Craddock to the massif's southernmost peak, a position that became established over years. To avoid confusion and to fix the position of the name, US-ACAN redefined Mount Craddock in 2006 to apply to the southernmost peak described above. The mountain was named by US-ACAN for J. Campbell Craddock (1930\u20132006), leader of a University of Minnesota expedition (1962\u201363) that made geological investigations and cartographic surveys in the Sentinel and Heritage Ranges of the Ellsworth Mountains. During 1960\u201361, Craddock led a Minnesota geological expedition in examining the Jones Mountains. Mount Craddock is the second-highest point of the Craddock Massif which includes Mount Rutford (highest point), Rada Peak, and Bugue\u00f1o Pinnacle. Rutford was named for R. H. Rutford, Antarctic geologist and colleague of Craddock. Rada Peak and Bugue\u00f1o Pinnacle were named for Camilo Rada and Manuel Bugue\u00f1o, climbing partners of Damien Gildea, a leading Antarctic researcher and climber.", "He commanded the Tuskers for 26 months, deploying to Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Following command, Craddock was the Assistant Chief of Staff, G3, Operations, for the 24th Division. Subsequently, he attended the U.S. Army War College, graduating in 1993. Craddock then assumed command of the 194th Armored Brigade (Separate) at Fort Knox. In June 1995, Craddock inactivated the Brigade as part of the U.S. Army's post-cold war drawdown, and was assigned as the Assistant Chief of Staff, G3, for III Corps at Fort Hood, Texas. In 1996, Craddock was reassigned to the Joint Staff in the Pentagon as an Assistant Deputy Director in J5. In August 1998, he joined the 1st Infantry Division (Mechanized) in Germany as the Assistant Division Commander for Maneuver. While serving in that capacity, Craddock was designated as Commander of U.S. Forces for the initial entry operation into Kosovo. In August 1999, Craddock was reassigned as the Commanding General of the 7th Army Training Command, U.S. Army Europe. In September 2000, Craddock assumed command of the 1st Infantry Division (Mechanized) \u2013 the \"Big Red One\". From August 2002 to 2004, Craddock served as the Senior Military Assistant to Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld. Craddock served as Combatant Commander of United States Southern Command from 2004 until 2006. On July 14, 2006, NATO announced that, when his term as COCOM of the United States Southern Command expired, Craddock would succeed James L. Jones as Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) \u2014 NATO's top commander of operations in Europe. The change-of-command ceremony at Mons, Belgium, occurred on December 7, 2006. Craddock defended the controversial Guantanamo Bay detention camp against criticism.", "Craddock Massif Craddock Massif is a mountain massif in the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains, in the Chilean claim of West Antarctica. Craddock Massif is located at the southeastern side of Vinson Massif, between Hammer Col and Karnare Col linking it to Vinson Massif and the southern Sentinel Range respectively. The highest point of Craddock Massif is Mount Rutford, a sharp peak that rises to . The Craddock Massif also includes (from north to south) Bugue\u00f1o Pinnacle, Rada Peak and Mount Craddock. Sentinel Range was first sighted and photographed from the air on November 23, 1935, by Lincoln Ellsworth. The entire range, including Craddock Massif, was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from aerial photography taken by the U.S. Navy, 1958\u201361. This massif was originally named \"Mount Craddock\" by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in 1965, but subsequent maps limited the name to the massif's southernmost peak, a modification that was adopted by US-ACAN in 2006 when it approved the name Craddock Massif. The massif is named after Professor J. Campbell Craddock (1930\u20132006), the leader of the 1962\u201363 University of Minnesota geological expedition to the Sentinel and Heritage Ranges of the Ellsworth Mountains.", "Brad Craddock Brad Craddock (born 24 June 1992) is an Australian-born American football placekicker who is currently a free agent. He played college football for the University of Maryland, College Park. Brad Craddock was born in Adelaide to Raymond and Leonie Craddock. He attended Tabor Christian College. He began learning to punt at the age of 8 while playing Australian rules football. Craddock attended OzPunt, a developmental program for aspiring punters, placekickers, and holders in American football. He left the program with a 4.5/5 rating and as the top kicking prospect in Australia in 2012. Craddock enrolled in the University of Maryland soon after graduating the program. At tall, Craddock was initially supposed to play as a punter with the Maryland Terrapins. Instead, he was moved to the position of placekicker. As a result, he encountered many difficulties in his first year with the team. He finished the season with only 10 of 16 field goals made, posting a 62.5 success rate, and 3 of 5 successful attempts at field goals beyond , including one from beyond . He also handled kickoff duties for the Terrapins. Under the tutelage of former Pro Bowl kicker and Baltimore Ravens player Matt Stover, Craddock's stats improved greatly in his second season with the Terrapins. In one of his career highlights, Craddock converted 3 field goals, including one from , help the Terrapins to a 37\u20130 win over West Virginia University. Craddock entered the Big Ten along with the Terrapins. In a game against Pennsylvania State University, Craddock kicked a field goal with less than a minute to go for the Terrapins to take the lead. The Terrapins won 20\u201319 and became bowl-eligible."], "answer": {"text": "signed with Cartwheel Records in 1969. He soon had his first number one hit with a cover of the Tony Orlando and Dawn pop hit \"Knock Three Times\"", "answer_start": 172}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e2f219f8ea724f02aa5112f4aa41fb72_0_q#1", "question": "What other top songs did he have?", "rewrite": "Aside from Knock Three Times, what other top songs did Craddock have?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Craddock spent several years out of the music business while working in a cigarette factory and hanging drywall. He soon returned to recording, now as a country singer. He signed with Cartwheel Records in 1969. He soon had his first number one hit with a cover of the Tony Orlando and Dawn pop hit \"Knock Three Times\" in 1971. His version was faster and included Cajun fiddles. The song also reached the top five of the Billboard magazine Hot Country Singles chart that spring, beginning a streak of hits that continued throughout the 1970s. Other hits he had for Cartwheel, all during 1971-1972, included \"Dream Lover\", \"You Better Move On\", \"Ain't Nothin' Shakin' (But the Leaves on The Trees)\", and \"I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door\", were all top 10 hits in 1971 and 1972. In 1973, Craddock signed with ABC Records (later ABC/Dot Records), where he enjoyed his biggest hits. One was \"Sweet Magnolia Blossom\" but his biggest hit, 1974's \"Rub It In\", was also a modest pop hit. Today, several bars from the song are featured in commercials for Glade Plug-In products. Craddock was also credited with doing one of the better covers of Roy Head and the Traits \"Treat Her Right\". In 1975 he released Still Thinkin' 'Bout You. Craddock consistently hit the country top ten in the 1970s and he became one of country music's first male sex symbols, unusually handsome for a male country star of the era and dressed in stage clothes exposing his hairy, muscular chest as he growled his way through rocking numbers and love songs with a stage persona strongly influenced by Elvis Presley.", "Knock Three Times (album) Knock Three Times is a country album by Billy \"Crash\" Craddock. It was released on Cartwheel Records in 1971. It was re-released in 1973 on ABC Records. The album featured Craddocks first top ten hit, \"Knock Three Times\".", "Cartwheel Records Cartwheel Records was a record label located in Nashville, Tennessee. The label was responsible for the start of the country music career of Billy \"Crash\" Craddock. He had his first No. 1 country hit on the label with \"Knock Three Times\". The label started out in Gainesville, Georgia and then later moved its Music division to Nashville, Tennessee with just the headquarters remaining in Georgia. In November 1972, the label was purchased by ABC, Dunhill. It was reported in \"Billboard\" that there were some artists who would have had existing contracts prior to the sale of the label. They were Pam Gilbert, Glen Canyon and Duane Lee and Harold Lee. The article stated that their contracts and promotion on the market were being honored. The Nashville company was headed by A&R man Ron Chancy who was formally with Buck Owen\u2019s publishing company. Ron Chancey and Dale Morris met on 16th Avenue literally by chance. Dale told Ron He had a recording artist, Billy Crash Craddock. Ron hired Dale as vive president of sales and record promotion. Ron and Dale made a good team. They had hit after hit with Ron producing the artist and Dale was promoting and selling the records. Dale was a good salesman. Before Cartwheel records Dale had been a sales rep for the drug company that sold, Goodie headache powders. Dale later left Cartwheel Records to manage Craddock. Dale also managed the group Alabama, making them one of the best country music group in the history of country music. Dale currently Kenny Chestney\u2019s manager along with Clint Hime. His position of national promotion manager was filled by Juan Conteras. Ron and Dale met Juan at Kaintuck Territory as a stuntman, gunfighter. His stage name was Johnny Thunderhorse. His employer, was Walter sill, owner of the park.", "He was marketed as a teen idol by Columbia, as they needed an artist to compete with Elvis. He appeared twice on \"American Bandstand\" but failed to have a hit in the U.S. The only song that charted in the U.S. was \"Don't Destroy Me\", which peaked at No. 94 for one week in November 1959. He did, however, become very popular in Australia. He also recorded some songs that become synonymous with other artistes. He recorded \"Am I to Be the One\" and \"I Want That\", which were covered most notably by Jerry Lee Lewis and UK rockers Johnny Kidd and the Pirates. In 1959, Craddock traveled to Australia with Bobby Rydell, The Everly Brothers, Santo and Johnny, and The Diamonds. He didn't know how popular he was in the country and didn't think that anyone would recognize him there. When the plane arrived at the airport, there were thousands of screaming teenagers. Craddock didn't know that he had the number one record in the country. He soon became the most popular teen idol in the country and is still popular today. After his hits in Australia, he recorded one album and several singles during the 1960s. \"I'm Tore Up\" was released in 1964 on King Records. He released two singles with Mercury Records in the early 1960s. He then went on to record several singles with the Chart label with no success. Craddock spent several years out of the music business while working in a cigarette factory and hanging drywall. He soon returned to recording, now as a country singer. He signed with Cartwheel Records in 1969. He soon had his first number one hit with a cover of the Tony Orlando and Dawn pop hit \"Knock Three Times\" in 1971. His version was faster and included Cajun fiddles.", "Knock Three Times \"Knock Three Times\" is a popular song credited simply to \"Dawn\". Tony Orlando was not named on the record. The actual singers were Tony Orlando, Toni Wine, and Linda November, prior to the creation of \"Dawn\" with Telma Hopkins and Joyce Vincent Wilson. The song was released as a single, which hit number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in January 1971 and eventually sold six million copies. The song registered well at Adult Contemporary stations, reaching #2 on Billboard's \"Easy Listening\" survey. Outside the US, \"Knock Three Times\" also claimed the number-one spot on the UK Singles Chart. The composers of this song, L. Russell Brown and Irwin Levine, were thinking of the song \"Up on the Roof\" and they wanted to write a song with that kind of lyrical flavor, about tenement living. In the song, the singer has fallen in love with a woman who lives in the apartment directly below him but has no clue as to her interest, so he asks her to respond by either knocking three times on the ceiling (yes) or banging twice on the pipe (no), and the chorus includes sound effects of the two choices. Michael Anthony Orlando Cassavitis was, at the time of the recording, working as a producer/singer for a rival record label, and first heard the tune recorded by another artist and immediately knew the song could be a hit if produced as he envisioned. Cassavitis cut the track discreetly under the name \"Tony Orlando\", hoping that his current record label would not find out. Upon release, the song became a great success. \"Knock Three Times\" appears in several motion pictures including \"Now and Then. The song was covered by Billy \"Crash\" Craddock in 1971 and became a number three country hit."], "answer": {"text": "Other hits he had for Cartwheel, all during 1971-1972, included \"Dream Lover\", \"You Better Move On\", \"Ain't Nothin' Shakin' (", "answer_start": 542}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What sort of success did Craddock have?", "answer": {"text": "signed with Cartwheel Records in 1969. He soon had his first number one hit with a cover of the Tony Orlando and Dawn pop hit \"Knock Three Times\"", "answer_start": 172, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e2f219f8ea724f02aa5112f4aa41fb72_0_q#2", "question": "What other hits did he have?", "rewrite": "In addition to Dream Lover and You Better Move On, what other hits did Craddock have?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Dream Lover (short stories) The Dream Lover: Short Stories is a collection of short stories by the Scottish writer William Boyd that were written at the start of Boyd's career. It was published in 2008 by Bloomsbury. \"The Dream Lover\" combines two previous books of short stories: \"On the Yankee Station\" and \"The Destiny of Nathalie 'X'\". Writing in the \"Financial Times\", Jerome de Groote said that Boyd's book \"demonstrates both the broad range of his imagination and the development of his taut prose style\". In a review for \"The Observer\", Vanessa Thorpe said: \"Boyd believes the short form has been key to his evolution as a writer. He says in his introduction to this selection, drawn from across his career, that these brief escapades have allowed him to vary his style and technique... Passive or accidental observers, [including] the title story of the collection, 'Dream Lover', are crucial to what Boyd does. It is the simple, heartfelt stories which are the most vivid. All of them though, even the ones that crawl inside the heads of some quite creepy folk, such as 'My Girl in Skin-Tight Jeans' or 'Not Yet, Jayette', are compelling\". Laurence Phelan, reviewing the book for \"The Independent on Sunday\", said: \"If there can be said to be a common thread, it's nothing more than the infinite vagaries of the human heart and the complexities of the mind... All that links them is their erudition, refined prose-style and precisely honed form\".", "Craddock spent several years out of the music business while working in a cigarette factory and hanging drywall. He soon returned to recording, now as a country singer. He signed with Cartwheel Records in 1969. He soon had his first number one hit with a cover of the Tony Orlando and Dawn pop hit \"Knock Three Times\" in 1971. His version was faster and included Cajun fiddles. The song also reached the top five of the Billboard magazine Hot Country Singles chart that spring, beginning a streak of hits that continued throughout the 1970s. Other hits he had for Cartwheel, all during 1971-1972, included \"Dream Lover\", \"You Better Move On\", \"Ain't Nothin' Shakin' (But the Leaves on The Trees)\", and \"I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door\", were all top 10 hits in 1971 and 1972. In 1973, Craddock signed with ABC Records (later ABC/Dot Records), where he enjoyed his biggest hits. One was \"Sweet Magnolia Blossom\" but his biggest hit, 1974's \"Rub It In\", was also a modest pop hit. Today, several bars from the song are featured in commercials for Glade Plug-In products. Craddock was also credited with doing one of the better covers of Roy Head and the Traits \"Treat Her Right\". In 1975 he released Still Thinkin' 'Bout You. Craddock consistently hit the country top ten in the 1970s and he became one of country music's first male sex symbols, unusually handsome for a male country star of the era and dressed in stage clothes exposing his hairy, muscular chest as he growled his way through rocking numbers and love songs with a stage persona strongly influenced by Elvis Presley.", "The song also reached the top five of the \"Billboard magazine\" Hot Country Singles chart that spring, beginning a streak of hits that continued throughout the 1970s. Other hits he had for Cartwheel, all during 1971-1972, included \"Dream Lover\", \" You Better Move On\", \" Ain't Nothin' Shakin' (But the Leaves on The Trees)\", and \"I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door\", were all top 10 hits in 1971 and 1972. Craddock consistently hit the country top ten in the 1970s and he became one of country music's first male sex symbols, unusually handsome for a male country star of the era and dressed in stage clothes exposing his hairy, muscular chest as he growled his way through rocking numbers and love songs with a stage persona strongly influenced by Elvis Presley. In 1973, Craddock signed with ABC Records (later ABC/Dot Records), where he enjoyed his biggest hits. One was \"Sweet Magnolia Blossom\" but his biggest hit, 1974's \"Rub It In\", was also a top 20 pop hit. The song was the first of three number one country hits for Craddock in Billboard. Several bars from the song are featured in commercials for Glade Plug-In products in recent years. Craddock's followup, a remake of The Drifters old pop hit, \"Ruby Baby\" was another major country hit and became his second top 40 pop hit, helping make Craddock briefly the American pop/rock star he had tried to be almost fifteen years before. In 1975 he released \"Still Thinkin' 'Bout You\" which went top ten as both a single and album on the country charts but failed to get any major pop action.", "Dream Lover \"Dream Lover\" is a song written by Bobby Darin and recorded by him on March 5, 1959. Darin decided to stretch out some chord changes he found on the piano and add strings and voices. The song was produced by Ahmet Ertegun and Jerry Wexler and engineered by Tom Dowd. It was released as a single on Atco Records in the U.S. in 1959. It became a multi-million seller, reaching No.2 on the U.S. charts for a week and No.4 on the R&B charts. \"Dream Lover\" was kept from the No.1 spot by \"The Battle of New Orleans\" by Johnny Horton. It did however reach No.1 in the U.K. for four weeks during June and July 1959. In addition to Darin's vocal, the song features Neil Sedaka on piano. A picture sleeve, featuring a portrait of Darin, was also issued for this record in the U.S. The song is featured in the 1991 movie \"Hot Shots!\" starring Charlie Sheen. A remake of the song performed by Dion (1961) is also played in full, during the end credits. The song was also used in the 1973 movie That'll be The Day and in Barry Levinson's 1982 debut film \"Diner\". A version of the song, retitled \"Dream Maker\" and with rewritten lyrics, appears in the pilot of the 1987 TV series \"Rags to Riches\". In 2014, the song was featured in the episode \"The Immutable Truth\" of \"Bates Motel\". Peter McCann released a version of the song as a single in 1982 which did not chart.", "You Better Move On (song) \"You Better Move On\" is a 1961 rhythm and blues song by Arthur Alexander. It reached number 24 on the \"Billboard\" chart in March 1962. It was recorded in 1962 by Bobby Vee and then by both the Hollies and the Rolling Stones in 1964. It was also covered by George Jones and Johnny Paycheck for their collaboration album Double Trouble (George Jones and Johnny Paycheck album). The lyrics were inspired by Alexander's real life situation, in which his girlfriend and future wife already had a boyfriend. Alexander said of the situation \"When I met her out of high school he was still hanging in there. His family was pretty well off. I didn't have no money but I knew she liked me. It was a small town and people would be talking. That's where I got the idea for the song. I didn't talk to him personally. I said it in song.\" The song was recorded at FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals, Alabama. The session musicians on the recording included David Briggs, piano, Terry Thompson, guitar, Forest Riley, acoustic guitar, Norbert Putnam, bass guitar, Jerry Carrigan, drums, and unknown back up singers. Music critic Toby Creswell included \"You Better Move On\" as one of the 1001 great songs of all time. \"You Better Move On\" was first released on 17 January 1964, on the EP, \"The Rolling Stones\". It was included on the US album, \"December's Children ( And Everybody's)\", released in 1965. It was also included on the UK version of Through the Past Darkly (Big Hits Vol.2)."], "answer": {"text": ")\", and \"I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door\", were all top 10 hits in 1971 and 1972.", "answer_start": 694}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What sort of success did Craddock have?", "answer": {"text": "signed with Cartwheel Records in 1969. He soon had his first number one hit with a cover of the Tony Orlando and Dawn pop hit \"Knock Three Times\"", "answer_start": 172, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other top songs did he have?", "answer": {"text": "Other hits he had for Cartwheel, all during 1971-1972, included \"Dream Lover\", \"You Better Move On\", \"Ain't Nothin' Shakin' (", "answer_start": 542, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e2f219f8ea724f02aa5112f4aa41fb72_0_q#3", "question": "What other hits did he have?", "rewrite": "Along with I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door, what other hits did Craddock have?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The songs \"Moment of Surrender\", \"White as Snow\", \"No Line on the Horizon\" and \"Unknown Caller\" were written at this time; each track was recorded in one take. In total, the band recorded approximately 10 songs during the two weeks. The Edge said of their time with Eno and Lanois in Fez, \"it became very clear almost immediately that this was gonna be a very fruitful experiment.\" He called it \"a very freeing experience\" that \"reminded [him] in many ways of early on and why [they] got into a band in the first place. Just that joy of playing. \" When the topic of who would produce the record was broached, Lanois suggested, \"[the album is] kind of producing itself, so let's just go with the people we have\", cementing him and Eno in the roles. After leaving Fez, the band recorded in Hanover Quay Studios in Dublin, Platinum Sound Recording Studios in New York City, and Olympic Studios in London. Steve Lillywhite was brought in to produce a few tracks during these subsequent sessions. In pre-release interviews, U2 compared the extent of their expected shift in musical style to that of \"Achtung Baby\". The band scaled back these experimental pursuits, however; Mullen, Jr. noted, \"at a certain stage, reality hits, and you go, 'What are we gonna do with this stuff?' Are we going to release this sort of meandering experimentation, or are we gonna knock some songs out of this? \" Bono shared this opinion, stating, \"We went so far out on the Sufi singing and the sort of ecstatic-music front, that we had to ground it and find a counterpoint.\"", "The song also reached the top five of the \"Billboard magazine\" Hot Country Singles chart that spring, beginning a streak of hits that continued throughout the 1970s. Other hits he had for Cartwheel, all during 1971-1972, included \"Dream Lover\", \" You Better Move On\", \" Ain't Nothin' Shakin' (But the Leaves on The Trees)\", and \"I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door\", were all top 10 hits in 1971 and 1972. Craddock consistently hit the country top ten in the 1970s and he became one of country music's first male sex symbols, unusually handsome for a male country star of the era and dressed in stage clothes exposing his hairy, muscular chest as he growled his way through rocking numbers and love songs with a stage persona strongly influenced by Elvis Presley. In 1973, Craddock signed with ABC Records (later ABC/Dot Records), where he enjoyed his biggest hits. One was \"Sweet Magnolia Blossom\" but his biggest hit, 1974's \"Rub It In\", was also a top 20 pop hit. The song was the first of three number one country hits for Craddock in Billboard. Several bars from the song are featured in commercials for Glade Plug-In products in recent years. Craddock's followup, a remake of The Drifters old pop hit, \"Ruby Baby\" was another major country hit and became his second top 40 pop hit, helping make Craddock briefly the American pop/rock star he had tried to be almost fifteen years before. In 1975 he released \"Still Thinkin' 'Bout You\" which went top ten as both a single and album on the country charts but failed to get any major pop action.", "At the end of the season, the club decided not to re-sign him. Brooking's pregame on-field speeches are credited for motivating the team to reach the playoffs and contend for an NFC East championship in his first season with the team. An article was written in \"The Dallas Morning News\" about Brooking's motivational speeches. The article featured this speech from an earlier game: Before the Washington game, as players gather around, Brooking screams, \"We're gonna keep hitting 'em, we're gonna keep hitting 'em!\" Players shout, \"Yeah!\" after both lines. Brooking, wide-eyed and picking up speed, says, \"They might get back up. Then we're gonna hit 'em again! And when they're barely hanging on ...\" At this point Choice cuts in, \"What're we gonna do?\" Brooking concludes: \"We're gonna hit 'em in the mouth! We're gonna bloody their nose! We're gonna knock 'em to the ground!\" On August 6, 2012, Brooking signed a one-year contract with the Denver Broncos. At 37 years of age, he was not re-signed at the end of the season. In 2003, Brooking founded The Keith Brooking Children's Foundation. He was inspired by his mother, who was a foster parent while he was growing up, to create the foundation to serve the needs of foster children in metro Atlanta. There are four programs within the foundation, including the Locker 56 Shoe Program; Be a Leader, Become a Reader; the Keith Brooking Scholarship Program; and the Keith Brooking Children\u2019s Foundation Grant Program. He was named Falcons 2002 \u201cMan of the Year\u201d for his extensive community involvement.", "Craddock spent several years out of the music business while working in a cigarette factory and hanging drywall. He soon returned to recording, now as a country singer. He signed with Cartwheel Records in 1969. He soon had his first number one hit with a cover of the Tony Orlando and Dawn pop hit \"Knock Three Times\" in 1971. His version was faster and included Cajun fiddles. The song also reached the top five of the Billboard magazine Hot Country Singles chart that spring, beginning a streak of hits that continued throughout the 1970s. Other hits he had for Cartwheel, all during 1971-1972, included \"Dream Lover\", \"You Better Move On\", \"Ain't Nothin' Shakin' (But the Leaves on The Trees)\", and \"I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door\", were all top 10 hits in 1971 and 1972. In 1973, Craddock signed with ABC Records (later ABC/Dot Records), where he enjoyed his biggest hits. One was \"Sweet Magnolia Blossom\" but his biggest hit, 1974's \"Rub It In\", was also a modest pop hit. Today, several bars from the song are featured in commercials for Glade Plug-In products. Craddock was also credited with doing one of the better covers of Roy Head and the Traits \"Treat Her Right\". In 1975 he released Still Thinkin' 'Bout You. Craddock consistently hit the country top ten in the 1970s and he became one of country music's first male sex symbols, unusually handsome for a male country star of the era and dressed in stage clothes exposing his hairy, muscular chest as he growled his way through rocking numbers and love songs with a stage persona strongly influenced by Elvis Presley.", "I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door \"I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door\", written by Aaron Schroeder and Sid Wayne, is a song that was originally released by the Isley Brothers in 1959 and became a hit for teenage actor Eddie Hodges in 1961. It peaked at #12 at \"Billboard\" Hot 100. An excerpt of the song was used in the Buchanan and Goodman 1961 break -in novelty recording entitled \"Berlin Top Ten\" which dealt with the Berlin Wall crisis, during the Cold War, as Boris the Russian Spinner, introduced the song as \"I'm Gonna Knock on your Door\" by the Secret Police, before an announcement of another cold war issue interrupted the song."], "answer": {"text": "In 1973, Craddock signed with ABC Records (later ABC/Dot Records), where he enjoyed his biggest hits. One was \"Sweet Magnolia Blossom\"", "answer_start": 773}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What sort of success did Craddock have?", "answer": {"text": "signed with Cartwheel Records in 1969. He soon had his first number one hit with a cover of the Tony Orlando and Dawn pop hit \"Knock Three Times\"", "answer_start": 172, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other top songs did he have?", "answer": {"text": "Other hits he had for Cartwheel, all during 1971-1972, included \"Dream Lover\", \"You Better Move On\", \"Ain't Nothin' Shakin' (", "answer_start": 542, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other hits did he have?", "answer": {"text": ")\", and \"I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door\", were all top 10 hits in 1971 and 1972.", "answer_start": 694, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e2f219f8ea724f02aa5112f4aa41fb72_0_q#4", "question": "Was there other hits?", "rewrite": "Besides Sweet Magnolia Blossom, was there other hits from Craddock?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Mr. Country Rock Mr. Country Rock is an album by the country singer Billy \"Crash\" Craddock. It was released in 1973 on ABC Records. The album included several hits including, \"'Till The Water Stops Runnin'\" and \"Sweet Magnolia Blossom\".", "KAOEF funds these programs with donations contributed by KA alumni. \"The Kappa Alpha Journal\" (or \"KA Journal\") is the fraternity's magazine. It has been published since 1879. Members of the Kappa Alpha Order are entitled to a free subscription to \"The KA Journal\" if initiated within the last ten years, or are a member of The Loyal Order. Members initiated between 1936 and 1951 are given a lifetime subscription to the publication. The Loyal Order is an alumni program for the Kappa Alpha Order. The national office uses the money from Loyal Order memberships to help defray the cost of distributing the \"KA Journal\", as well as other alumni resources. The Military Division of Kappa Alpha Order was established in 2009. Membership is open to Kappa Alphas who are currently serving, honorably discharged, or retired from the United States Armed Forces. The Recognition Pin of the Military Order features the Maltese Cross, utilizing KA\u2019s colors crimson and old gold, and has 8 points in the cross, which symbolize the chivalric virtues of loyalty, piety, frankness, bravery, glory and honor, contempt of death, helpfulness towards the poor and sick, and respect for the church. The colors of The Order are traditionally Crimson and Old Gold. The colors represent the blood sacrificed (crimson red) and the money spent (old gold) in defense of the country. The flowers of the Order are the crimson rose and the magnolia blossom. The crimson rose represents masculine might and the white magnolia blossom represents purity. The flowers of the order and a ribbon featuring the order's motto adorn the bottom of the crest. The crest itself is representative of several things; the hand holding the axe represents the continuing power of the Knight Commander and of the order. The Helmet was, at one time, a symbol used by the Knight Commander of the Order.", "Craddock spent several years out of the music business while working in a cigarette factory and hanging drywall. He soon returned to recording, now as a country singer. He signed with Cartwheel Records in 1969. He soon had his first number one hit with a cover of the Tony Orlando and Dawn pop hit \"Knock Three Times\" in 1971. His version was faster and included Cajun fiddles. The song also reached the top five of the Billboard magazine Hot Country Singles chart that spring, beginning a streak of hits that continued throughout the 1970s. Other hits he had for Cartwheel, all during 1971-1972, included \"Dream Lover\", \"You Better Move On\", \"Ain't Nothin' Shakin' (But the Leaves on The Trees)\", and \"I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door\", were all top 10 hits in 1971 and 1972. In 1973, Craddock signed with ABC Records (later ABC/Dot Records), where he enjoyed his biggest hits. One was \"Sweet Magnolia Blossom\" but his biggest hit, 1974's \"Rub It In\", was also a modest pop hit. Today, several bars from the song are featured in commercials for Glade Plug-In products. Craddock was also credited with doing one of the better covers of Roy Head and the Traits \"Treat Her Right\". In 1975 he released Still Thinkin' 'Bout You. Craddock consistently hit the country top ten in the 1970s and he became one of country music's first male sex symbols, unusually handsome for a male country star of the era and dressed in stage clothes exposing his hairy, muscular chest as he growled his way through rocking numbers and love songs with a stage persona strongly influenced by Elvis Presley.", "Sweet Magnolia Blossom \"Sweet Magnolia Blossom\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Billy \"Crash\" Craddock. It was released in December 1973 as the third single from his album \"Mr. Country Rock\". The song peaked at number 3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. It also reached number 1 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in Canada. The song was written by Rory Bourke.", "The song also reached the top five of the \"Billboard magazine\" Hot Country Singles chart that spring, beginning a streak of hits that continued throughout the 1970s. Other hits he had for Cartwheel, all during 1971-1972, included \"Dream Lover\", \" You Better Move On\", \" Ain't Nothin' Shakin' (But the Leaves on The Trees)\", and \"I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door\", were all top 10 hits in 1971 and 1972. Craddock consistently hit the country top ten in the 1970s and he became one of country music's first male sex symbols, unusually handsome for a male country star of the era and dressed in stage clothes exposing his hairy, muscular chest as he growled his way through rocking numbers and love songs with a stage persona strongly influenced by Elvis Presley. In 1973, Craddock signed with ABC Records (later ABC/Dot Records), where he enjoyed his biggest hits. One was \"Sweet Magnolia Blossom\" but his biggest hit, 1974's \"Rub It In\", was also a top 20 pop hit. The song was the first of three number one country hits for Craddock in Billboard. Several bars from the song are featured in commercials for Glade Plug-In products in recent years. Craddock's followup, a remake of The Drifters old pop hit, \"Ruby Baby\" was another major country hit and became his second top 40 pop hit, helping make Craddock briefly the American pop/rock star he had tried to be almost fifteen years before. In 1975 he released \"Still Thinkin' 'Bout You\" which went top ten as both a single and album on the country charts but failed to get any major pop action."], "answer": {"text": "his biggest hit, 1974's \"Rub It In\", was also a modest pop hit.", "answer_start": 912}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What sort of success did Craddock have?", "answer": {"text": "signed with Cartwheel Records in 1969. He soon had his first number one hit with a cover of the Tony Orlando and Dawn pop hit \"Knock Three Times\"", "answer_start": 172, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other top songs did he have?", "answer": {"text": "Other hits he had for Cartwheel, all during 1971-1972, included \"Dream Lover\", \"You Better Move On\", \"Ain't Nothin' Shakin' (", "answer_start": 542, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other hits did he have?", "answer": {"text": ")\", and \"I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door\", were all top 10 hits in 1971 and 1972.", "answer_start": 694, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other hits did he have?", "answer": {"text": "In 1973, Craddock signed with ABC Records (later ABC/Dot Records), where he enjoyed his biggest hits. One was \"Sweet Magnolia Blossom\"", "answer_start": 773, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0fa2aa482d874343b1a0532f563468c2_1_q#0", "question": "How come Cornelius Vanderbilt focused on steamboats?", "rewrite": "How come Cornelius Vanderbilt focused on steamboats?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cornelius Vanderbilt IV Cornelius Jonah Vanderbilt IV (April 30, 1898 \u2013 July 7, 1974) was a newspaper publisher, journalist, author and military officer. He was an outcast of high society who was disinherited by his parents when he became a newspaper publisher. He desired to live a \"normal\" life but was burdened by large debt and could not maintain the lifestyle associated with his family's social position. Cornelius Vanderbilt IV was born on April 30, 1898 in Staten Island to Cornelius \"Neily\" Vanderbilt III (1873\u20131942) and Grace Graham Wilson (1870\u20131953). Throughout his life, the younger Vanderbilt was known as \"Cornelius Vanderbilt, Jr.\" whereas his father, after 1918, was commonly referred to as \"General Vanderbilt\", as he had served as a brigadier general in the First World War. The younger Vanderbilt was commonly called \"Neil\" by his family and friends. Vanderbilt attended Harstrom's Tutoring School and St. Paul's School as a young man. He was preparing to enter Yale University when his studies were interrupted by the entry of the United States into the First World War in April 1917 - shortly before his 19th birthday. Shortly after the United State declared war on Germany, much to the chagrin of his mother, Vanderbilt enlisted in the U.S. Army in July 1917, at the age of 19. He was originally assigned to the headquarters of the ammunition train of the 27th Division of the New York National Guard, commanded by Major General John F. O'Ryan. His first posting was in Spartanburg, South Carolina where he was a wagoner driving mules. As this assignment was not to his liking, Vanderbilt made a deal with General O'Ryan's orderly into changing his orders to go with the division overseas. In exchange, Vanderbilt became the orderly's assistant and helped with various chores.", "Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt (January 14, 1880 \u2013 September 4, 1925) was an American millionaire, equestrian and gambler. He was the father of fashion designer Gloria Vanderbilt. He was the founder and president of many equestrian organizations. Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt was born on January 15, 1880, on Staten Island, New York. He was the youngest son of Cornelius Vanderbilt II (1843\u20131899) and Alice Claypoole Gwynne (1845\u20131934). Among his siblings was Gertrude Vanderbilt (1875\u20131942), who married Harry Payne Whitney, Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt (1877\u20131915), and Gladys Moore Vanderbilt (1886\u20131965), who married Count L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Sz\u00e9chenyi. Reginald was a grandson of William Henry Vanderbilt (1821\u20131885), and great-grandson of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt (1794\u20131877). He attended Yale University, but did not graduate. One elder brother, Cornelius Vanderbilt III (1873\u20131942), married Grace Wilson against his parents' wishes and was disinherited. Another elder brother, Alfred, inherited the bulk of the family fortune, though Reginald and several sisters also received some inheritance. In 1903, Reginald married Cathleen Neilson (1885\u20131927) at Parker Cottage in Newport, Rhode Island. She was the daughter of Isabelle Gebhard Neilson, the niece of Frederick Gebhard (c. 1860\u20131910), and the great-granddaughter of Thomas E. Davis, a prominent New York real estate developer. Before their divorce in 1920, the couple had one daughter: On March 6, 1923, he married Gloria Mercedes Morgan (1904\u20131965). Together, they were the parents of his second daughter: Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt died from cirrhosis due to alcoholism on September 4, 1925, at his country home, Sandy Point Farm, in Portsmouth, Rhode Island.", "Cornelius Vanderbilt II Cornelius Vanderbilt II (November 11, 1843 \u2013 September 12, 1899) was an American socialite, businessman, and a member of the prominent United States Vanderbilt family. He was the favorite grandson of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt, who bequeathed him $5 million, and the eldest son of William Henry \"Billy\" Vanderbilt (who bequeathed him about $70 million) and Maria Louisa Kissam. In his turn he succeeded them as head of the New York Central and related railroad lines in 1885. Cornelius Vanderbilt II was born on November 27, 1843 on Staten Island, New York to William Henry Vanderbilt (1821\u20131885) and Maria Louisa Kissam. His youngest brother, George Washington Vanderbilt II, commissioned Richard Morris Hunt to design and build Biltmore Estate in Asheville, North Carolina. It was built between 1889 and 1895, and is still owned by Vanderbilt's descendants. Vanderbilt established a reputation for a strong work ethic while clerking at the Shoe and Leather Bank in New York City. This endeared him to his grandfather, the 'Commodore', who was a strong believer in personal industry. Vanderbilt was active in numerous organizations including the Saint Nicholas Society of the City of New York, YMCA, Red Cross, Salvation Army, Trinity Church, St. Bartholomew's Church, Sunday Breakfast Association, and the Newport Country Club. On February 4, 1867, he married Alice Claypoole Gwynne (1845\u20131934), daughter of Abraham Evan Gwynne and Rachel Moore Flagg. The two met at St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church where both taught Sunday School. Together, they had: A stroke in 1896 compelled him to reduce his active business involvement. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage shortly after 6 a.m. on September 12, 1899, at his home, West Fifty-seventh Street, in Manhattan, New York City.", "The Commodore left the majority of his enormous fortune to his eldest son, William Henry Vanderbilt. William Henry, who outlived his father by just eight years, increased the profitability of his father's holdings, increased the reach of the New York Central Railroad, and doubled the Vanderbilt wealth. He built the first of what would become many grand Vanderbilt mansions on Fifth Avenue, at 640 Fifth Avenue. William Henry appointed his first son, Cornelius Vanderbilt II, as the next \"Head of House\". Cornelius II built the largest private home in New York, at 1 West 58th Street, containing approximately 154 rooms, designed by George B. Post. He also built The Breakers in Newport, Rhode Island. Cornelius II's brother, William Kissam Vanderbilt, also featured prominently in the family's affairs. He also built a home on Fifth Avenue and would become one of the great architectural patrons of the Gilded Age, hiring the architects for (the third, and surviving) Grand Central Terminal. He also built Marble House at 596 Bellevue Avenue in Newport, Rhode Island. George Washington Vanderbilt II, William Henry Vanderbilt's youngest son, built Biltmore, in Asheville, North Carolina. While some of Cornelius Vanderbilt's descendants gained fame in business, others achieved prominence in other ways, e.g.: In 1855, Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt donated 45 acres (~182,000 m\u00b2) of property to the Moravian Church and Cemetery at New Dorp on Staten Island, New York. Later, his son William Henry Vanderbilt donated a further four acres (16,000 m\u00b2). The Vanderbilt Mausoleum was designed in 1885 by architect Richard Morris Hunt and landscaped by Frederick Law Olmsted. \"The following list includes Amy Vanderbilt (1908\u20131974), although it is believed she descended from either an uncle or brother of Cornelius Vanderbilt and is therefore not a descendant of Cornelius Vanderbilt.\"", "Cornelius Vanderbilt II House The Cornelius Vanderbilt II House was a mansion built in 1883 at 1 West 57th Street in New York City. It was sold in 1926 and demolished. The townhouse, occupying the northwest corner of Fifth Avenue and 57th Street, was constructed for Cornelius Vanderbilt II, eldest grandson of the Commodore, Cornelius Vanderbilt, founder of the family fortune, in 1883. The ground level contained a drawing room, dining room (which doubled as the art gallery), and a reception room. The second floor housed a salon, a music room and a conservatory, while the family bedrooms were on the remaining floors. Cornelius, feeling that others were trying to outdo his house, bought all the property on the 5th Avenue block. He then hired George B. Post and Richard Morris Hunt to construct a much larger mansion, filling the entire block front. The interiors were done by the French design firm Jules Allard and Sons, with many pieces in the house being imported from Europe. The first floor featured a five-story Caen stone entrance hall from which the principal rooms were accessed. These included the library, a small salon, grand salon, a watercolor room, two-story ballroom and a two-story dining room which doubled as the art gallery. Also on this floor were a two-story Moorish-inspired smoking room, a den, an office, a breakfast room and a pantry. On the second floor were Mrs. Vanderbilt's bedroom, boudoir, bath, closet and dressing room. Mr. Vanderbilt's bedroom was also on this floor, as well as his bathroom, dressing room, closet and private study. The house was six stories tall, not including the basement, and also had a stable and a private garden next door. The Cornelius Vanderbilt II mansion was, and remains, the largest private residence ever built in New York City."], "answer": {"text": "That year he faced opposition by a steamboat operated by Daniel Drew, who forced Vanderbilt to buy him out.", "answer_start": 450}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_0fa2aa482d874343b1a0532f563468c2_1_q#1", "question": "How did he make all his money?", "rewrite": "How did Cornelius Vanderbilt make all his money?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cornelius Vanderbilt IV Cornelius Jonah Vanderbilt IV (April 30, 1898 \u2013 July 7, 1974) was a newspaper publisher, journalist, author and military officer. He was an outcast of high society who was disinherited by his parents when he became a newspaper publisher. He desired to live a \"normal\" life but was burdened by large debt and could not maintain the lifestyle associated with his family's social position. Cornelius Vanderbilt IV was born on April 30, 1898 in Staten Island to Cornelius \"Neily\" Vanderbilt III (1873\u20131942) and Grace Graham Wilson (1870\u20131953). Throughout his life, the younger Vanderbilt was known as \"Cornelius Vanderbilt, Jr.\" whereas his father, after 1918, was commonly referred to as \"General Vanderbilt\", as he had served as a brigadier general in the First World War. The younger Vanderbilt was commonly called \"Neil\" by his family and friends. Vanderbilt attended Harstrom's Tutoring School and St. Paul's School as a young man. He was preparing to enter Yale University when his studies were interrupted by the entry of the United States into the First World War in April 1917 - shortly before his 19th birthday. Shortly after the United State declared war on Germany, much to the chagrin of his mother, Vanderbilt enlisted in the U.S. Army in July 1917, at the age of 19. He was originally assigned to the headquarters of the ammunition train of the 27th Division of the New York National Guard, commanded by Major General John F. O'Ryan. His first posting was in Spartanburg, South Carolina where he was a wagoner driving mules. As this assignment was not to his liking, Vanderbilt made a deal with General O'Ryan's orderly into changing his orders to go with the division overseas. In exchange, Vanderbilt became the orderly's assistant and helped with various chores.", "Cornelius Vanderbilt II Cornelius Vanderbilt II (November 11, 1843 \u2013 September 12, 1899) was an American socialite, businessman, and a member of the prominent United States Vanderbilt family. He was the favorite grandson of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt, who bequeathed him $5 million, and the eldest son of William Henry \"Billy\" Vanderbilt (who bequeathed him about $70 million) and Maria Louisa Kissam. In his turn he succeeded them as head of the New York Central and related railroad lines in 1885. Cornelius Vanderbilt II was born on November 27, 1843 on Staten Island, New York to William Henry Vanderbilt (1821\u20131885) and Maria Louisa Kissam. His youngest brother, George Washington Vanderbilt II, commissioned Richard Morris Hunt to design and build Biltmore Estate in Asheville, North Carolina. It was built between 1889 and 1895, and is still owned by Vanderbilt's descendants. Vanderbilt established a reputation for a strong work ethic while clerking at the Shoe and Leather Bank in New York City. This endeared him to his grandfather, the 'Commodore', who was a strong believer in personal industry. Vanderbilt was active in numerous organizations including the Saint Nicholas Society of the City of New York, YMCA, Red Cross, Salvation Army, Trinity Church, St. Bartholomew's Church, Sunday Breakfast Association, and the Newport Country Club. On February 4, 1867, he married Alice Claypoole Gwynne (1845\u20131934), daughter of Abraham Evan Gwynne and Rachel Moore Flagg. The two met at St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church where both taught Sunday School. Together, they had: A stroke in 1896 compelled him to reduce his active business involvement. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage shortly after 6 a.m. on September 12, 1899, at his home, West Fifty-seventh Street, in Manhattan, New York City.", "Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt (January 14, 1880 \u2013 September 4, 1925) was an American millionaire, equestrian and gambler. He was the father of fashion designer Gloria Vanderbilt. He was the founder and president of many equestrian organizations. Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt was born on January 15, 1880, on Staten Island, New York. He was the youngest son of Cornelius Vanderbilt II (1843\u20131899) and Alice Claypoole Gwynne (1845\u20131934). Among his siblings was Gertrude Vanderbilt (1875\u20131942), who married Harry Payne Whitney, Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt (1877\u20131915), and Gladys Moore Vanderbilt (1886\u20131965), who married Count L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Sz\u00e9chenyi. Reginald was a grandson of William Henry Vanderbilt (1821\u20131885), and great-grandson of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt (1794\u20131877). He attended Yale University, but did not graduate. One elder brother, Cornelius Vanderbilt III (1873\u20131942), married Grace Wilson against his parents' wishes and was disinherited. Another elder brother, Alfred, inherited the bulk of the family fortune, though Reginald and several sisters also received some inheritance. In 1903, Reginald married Cathleen Neilson (1885\u20131927) at Parker Cottage in Newport, Rhode Island. She was the daughter of Isabelle Gebhard Neilson, the niece of Frederick Gebhard (c. 1860\u20131910), and the great-granddaughter of Thomas E. Davis, a prominent New York real estate developer. Before their divorce in 1920, the couple had one daughter: On March 6, 1923, he married Gloria Mercedes Morgan (1904\u20131965). Together, they were the parents of his second daughter: Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt died from cirrhosis due to alcoholism on September 4, 1925, at his country home, Sandy Point Farm, in Portsmouth, Rhode Island.", "The Commodore left the majority of his enormous fortune to his eldest son, William Henry Vanderbilt. William Henry, who outlived his father by just eight years, increased the profitability of his father's holdings, increased the reach of the New York Central Railroad, and doubled the Vanderbilt wealth. He built the first of what would become many grand Vanderbilt mansions on Fifth Avenue, at 640 Fifth Avenue. William Henry appointed his first son, Cornelius Vanderbilt II, as the next \"Head of House\". Cornelius II built the largest private home in New York, at 1 West 58th Street, containing approximately 154 rooms, designed by George B. Post. He also built The Breakers in Newport, Rhode Island. Cornelius II's brother, William Kissam Vanderbilt, also featured prominently in the family's affairs. He also built a home on Fifth Avenue and would become one of the great architectural patrons of the Gilded Age, hiring the architects for (the third, and surviving) Grand Central Terminal. He also built Marble House at 596 Bellevue Avenue in Newport, Rhode Island. George Washington Vanderbilt II, William Henry Vanderbilt's youngest son, built Biltmore, in Asheville, North Carolina. While some of Cornelius Vanderbilt's descendants gained fame in business, others achieved prominence in other ways, e.g.: In 1855, Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt donated 45 acres (~182,000 m\u00b2) of property to the Moravian Church and Cemetery at New Dorp on Staten Island, New York. Later, his son William Henry Vanderbilt donated a further four acres (16,000 m\u00b2). The Vanderbilt Mausoleum was designed in 1885 by architect Richard Morris Hunt and landscaped by Frederick Law Olmsted. \"The following list includes Amy Vanderbilt (1908\u20131974), although it is believed she descended from either an uncle or brother of Cornelius Vanderbilt and is therefore not a descendant of Cornelius Vanderbilt.\"", "Cornelius Vanderbilt II House The Cornelius Vanderbilt II House was a mansion built in 1883 at 1 West 57th Street in New York City. It was sold in 1926 and demolished. The townhouse, occupying the northwest corner of Fifth Avenue and 57th Street, was constructed for Cornelius Vanderbilt II, eldest grandson of the Commodore, Cornelius Vanderbilt, founder of the family fortune, in 1883. The ground level contained a drawing room, dining room (which doubled as the art gallery), and a reception room. The second floor housed a salon, a music room and a conservatory, while the family bedrooms were on the remaining floors. Cornelius, feeling that others were trying to outdo his house, bought all the property on the 5th Avenue block. He then hired George B. Post and Richard Morris Hunt to construct a much larger mansion, filling the entire block front. The interiors were done by the French design firm Jules Allard and Sons, with many pieces in the house being imported from Europe. The first floor featured a five-story Caen stone entrance hall from which the principal rooms were accessed. These included the library, a small salon, grand salon, a watercolor room, two-story ballroom and a two-story dining room which doubled as the art gallery. Also on this floor were a two-story Moorish-inspired smoking room, a den, an office, a breakfast room and a pantry. On the second floor were Mrs. Vanderbilt's bedroom, boudoir, bath, closet and dressing room. Mr. Vanderbilt's bedroom was also on this floor, as well as his bathroom, dressing room, closet and private study. The house was six stories tall, not including the basement, and also had a stable and a private garden next door. The Cornelius Vanderbilt II mansion was, and remains, the largest private residence ever built in New York City."], "answer": {"text": "After Thomas Gibbons died in 1826, Vanderbilt worked for Gibbons' son William until 1829.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How come Cornelius Vanderbilt focused on steamboats?", "answer": {"text": "That year he faced opposition by a steamboat operated by Daniel Drew, who forced Vanderbilt to buy him out.", "answer_start": 450, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0fa2aa482d874343b1a0532f563468c2_1_q#3", "question": "Why did he stop working with Gibbon's son?", "rewrite": "Why did Cornelius Vanderbilt stop working with Gibbon's son?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt (January 14, 1880 \u2013 September 4, 1925) was an American millionaire, equestrian and gambler. He was the father of fashion designer Gloria Vanderbilt. He was the founder and president of many equestrian organizations. Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt was born on January 15, 1880, on Staten Island, New York. He was the youngest son of Cornelius Vanderbilt II (1843\u20131899) and Alice Claypoole Gwynne (1845\u20131934). Among his siblings was Gertrude Vanderbilt (1875\u20131942), who married Harry Payne Whitney, Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt (1877\u20131915), and Gladys Moore Vanderbilt (1886\u20131965), who married Count L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Sz\u00e9chenyi. Reginald was a grandson of William Henry Vanderbilt (1821\u20131885), and great-grandson of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt (1794\u20131877). He attended Yale University, but did not graduate. One elder brother, Cornelius Vanderbilt III (1873\u20131942), married Grace Wilson against his parents' wishes and was disinherited. Another elder brother, Alfred, inherited the bulk of the family fortune, though Reginald and several sisters also received some inheritance. In 1903, Reginald married Cathleen Neilson (1885\u20131927) at Parker Cottage in Newport, Rhode Island. She was the daughter of Isabelle Gebhard Neilson, the niece of Frederick Gebhard (c. 1860\u20131910), and the great-granddaughter of Thomas E. Davis, a prominent New York real estate developer. Before their divorce in 1920, the couple had one daughter: On March 6, 1923, he married Gloria Mercedes Morgan (1904\u20131965). Together, they were the parents of his second daughter: Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt died from cirrhosis due to alcoholism on September 4, 1925, at his country home, Sandy Point Farm, in Portsmouth, Rhode Island.", "Cornelius Vanderbilt II House The Cornelius Vanderbilt II House was a mansion built in 1883 at 1 West 57th Street in New York City. It was sold in 1926 and demolished. The townhouse, occupying the northwest corner of Fifth Avenue and 57th Street, was constructed for Cornelius Vanderbilt II, eldest grandson of the Commodore, Cornelius Vanderbilt, founder of the family fortune, in 1883. The ground level contained a drawing room, dining room (which doubled as the art gallery), and a reception room. The second floor housed a salon, a music room and a conservatory, while the family bedrooms were on the remaining floors. Cornelius, feeling that others were trying to outdo his house, bought all the property on the 5th Avenue block. He then hired George B. Post and Richard Morris Hunt to construct a much larger mansion, filling the entire block front. The interiors were done by the French design firm Jules Allard and Sons, with many pieces in the house being imported from Europe. The first floor featured a five-story Caen stone entrance hall from which the principal rooms were accessed. These included the library, a small salon, grand salon, a watercolor room, two-story ballroom and a two-story dining room which doubled as the art gallery. Also on this floor were a two-story Moorish-inspired smoking room, a den, an office, a breakfast room and a pantry. On the second floor were Mrs. Vanderbilt's bedroom, boudoir, bath, closet and dressing room. Mr. Vanderbilt's bedroom was also on this floor, as well as his bathroom, dressing room, closet and private study. The house was six stories tall, not including the basement, and also had a stable and a private garden next door. The Cornelius Vanderbilt II mansion was, and remains, the largest private residence ever built in New York City.", "The Commodore left the majority of his enormous fortune to his eldest son, William Henry Vanderbilt. William Henry, who outlived his father by just eight years, increased the profitability of his father's holdings, increased the reach of the New York Central Railroad, and doubled the Vanderbilt wealth. He built the first of what would become many grand Vanderbilt mansions on Fifth Avenue, at 640 Fifth Avenue. William Henry appointed his first son, Cornelius Vanderbilt II, as the next \"Head of House\". Cornelius II built the largest private home in New York, at 1 West 58th Street, containing approximately 154 rooms, designed by George B. Post. He also built The Breakers in Newport, Rhode Island. Cornelius II's brother, William Kissam Vanderbilt, also featured prominently in the family's affairs. He also built a home on Fifth Avenue and would become one of the great architectural patrons of the Gilded Age, hiring the architects for (the third, and surviving) Grand Central Terminal. He also built Marble House at 596 Bellevue Avenue in Newport, Rhode Island. George Washington Vanderbilt II, William Henry Vanderbilt's youngest son, built Biltmore, in Asheville, North Carolina. While some of Cornelius Vanderbilt's descendants gained fame in business, others achieved prominence in other ways, e.g.: In 1855, Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt donated 45 acres (~182,000 m\u00b2) of property to the Moravian Church and Cemetery at New Dorp on Staten Island, New York. Later, his son William Henry Vanderbilt donated a further four acres (16,000 m\u00b2). The Vanderbilt Mausoleum was designed in 1885 by architect Richard Morris Hunt and landscaped by Frederick Law Olmsted. \"The following list includes Amy Vanderbilt (1908\u20131974), although it is believed she descended from either an uncle or brother of Cornelius Vanderbilt and is therefore not a descendant of Cornelius Vanderbilt.\"", "Cornelius Vanderbilt II Cornelius Vanderbilt II (November 11, 1843 \u2013 September 12, 1899) was an American socialite, businessman, and a member of the prominent United States Vanderbilt family. He was the favorite grandson of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt, who bequeathed him $5 million, and the eldest son of William Henry \"Billy\" Vanderbilt (who bequeathed him about $70 million) and Maria Louisa Kissam. In his turn he succeeded them as head of the New York Central and related railroad lines in 1885. Cornelius Vanderbilt II was born on November 27, 1843 on Staten Island, New York to William Henry Vanderbilt (1821\u20131885) and Maria Louisa Kissam. His youngest brother, George Washington Vanderbilt II, commissioned Richard Morris Hunt to design and build Biltmore Estate in Asheville, North Carolina. It was built between 1889 and 1895, and is still owned by Vanderbilt's descendants. Vanderbilt established a reputation for a strong work ethic while clerking at the Shoe and Leather Bank in New York City. This endeared him to his grandfather, the 'Commodore', who was a strong believer in personal industry. Vanderbilt was active in numerous organizations including the Saint Nicholas Society of the City of New York, YMCA, Red Cross, Salvation Army, Trinity Church, St. Bartholomew's Church, Sunday Breakfast Association, and the Newport Country Club. On February 4, 1867, he married Alice Claypoole Gwynne (1845\u20131934), daughter of Abraham Evan Gwynne and Rachel Moore Flagg. The two met at St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church where both taught Sunday School. Together, they had: A stroke in 1896 compelled him to reduce his active business involvement. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage shortly after 6 a.m. on September 12, 1899, at his home, West Fifty-seventh Street, in Manhattan, New York City.", "Cornelius Vanderbilt IV Cornelius Jonah Vanderbilt IV (April 30, 1898 \u2013 July 7, 1974) was a newspaper publisher, journalist, author and military officer. He was an outcast of high society who was disinherited by his parents when he became a newspaper publisher. He desired to live a \"normal\" life but was burdened by large debt and could not maintain the lifestyle associated with his family's social position. Cornelius Vanderbilt IV was born on April 30, 1898 in Staten Island to Cornelius \"Neily\" Vanderbilt III (1873\u20131942) and Grace Graham Wilson (1870\u20131953). Throughout his life, the younger Vanderbilt was known as \"Cornelius Vanderbilt, Jr.\" whereas his father, after 1918, was commonly referred to as \"General Vanderbilt\", as he had served as a brigadier general in the First World War. The younger Vanderbilt was commonly called \"Neil\" by his family and friends. Vanderbilt attended Harstrom's Tutoring School and St. Paul's School as a young man. He was preparing to enter Yale University when his studies were interrupted by the entry of the United States into the First World War in April 1917 - shortly before his 19th birthday. Shortly after the United State declared war on Germany, much to the chagrin of his mother, Vanderbilt enlisted in the U.S. Army in July 1917, at the age of 19. He was originally assigned to the headquarters of the ammunition train of the 27th Division of the New York National Guard, commanded by Major General John F. O'Ryan. His first posting was in Spartanburg, South Carolina where he was a wagoner driving mules. As this assignment was not to his liking, Vanderbilt made a deal with General O'Ryan's orderly into changing his orders to go with the division overseas. In exchange, Vanderbilt became the orderly's assistant and helped with various chores."], "answer": {"text": "In 1831, he took over his brother Jacob's line to Peekskill, New York, on the lower Hudson River.", "answer_start": 352}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How come Cornelius Vanderbilt focused on steamboats?", "answer": {"text": "That year he faced opposition by a steamboat operated by Daniel Drew, who forced Vanderbilt to buy him out.", "answer_start": 450, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he make all his money?", "answer": {"text": "After Thomas Gibbons died in 1826, Vanderbilt worked for Gibbons' son William until 1829.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he get along with Gibbon's son William?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0fa2aa482d874343b1a0532f563468c2_1_q#4", "question": "Why didn't Vanderbilt help with the Peekskill line?", "rewrite": "Why didn't Cornelius Vanderbilt help with the Peekskill line?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cornelius Vanderbilt IV Cornelius Jonah Vanderbilt IV (April 30, 1898 \u2013 July 7, 1974) was a newspaper publisher, journalist, author and military officer. He was an outcast of high society who was disinherited by his parents when he became a newspaper publisher. He desired to live a \"normal\" life but was burdened by large debt and could not maintain the lifestyle associated with his family's social position. Cornelius Vanderbilt IV was born on April 30, 1898 in Staten Island to Cornelius \"Neily\" Vanderbilt III (1873\u20131942) and Grace Graham Wilson (1870\u20131953). Throughout his life, the younger Vanderbilt was known as \"Cornelius Vanderbilt, Jr.\" whereas his father, after 1918, was commonly referred to as \"General Vanderbilt\", as he had served as a brigadier general in the First World War. The younger Vanderbilt was commonly called \"Neil\" by his family and friends. Vanderbilt attended Harstrom's Tutoring School and St. Paul's School as a young man. He was preparing to enter Yale University when his studies were interrupted by the entry of the United States into the First World War in April 1917 - shortly before his 19th birthday. Shortly after the United State declared war on Germany, much to the chagrin of his mother, Vanderbilt enlisted in the U.S. Army in July 1917, at the age of 19. He was originally assigned to the headquarters of the ammunition train of the 27th Division of the New York National Guard, commanded by Major General John F. O'Ryan. His first posting was in Spartanburg, South Carolina where he was a wagoner driving mules. As this assignment was not to his liking, Vanderbilt made a deal with General O'Ryan's orderly into changing his orders to go with the division overseas. In exchange, Vanderbilt became the orderly's assistant and helped with various chores.", "Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt (January 14, 1880 \u2013 September 4, 1925) was an American millionaire, equestrian and gambler. He was the father of fashion designer Gloria Vanderbilt. He was the founder and president of many equestrian organizations. Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt was born on January 15, 1880, on Staten Island, New York. He was the youngest son of Cornelius Vanderbilt II (1843\u20131899) and Alice Claypoole Gwynne (1845\u20131934). Among his siblings was Gertrude Vanderbilt (1875\u20131942), who married Harry Payne Whitney, Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt (1877\u20131915), and Gladys Moore Vanderbilt (1886\u20131965), who married Count L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Sz\u00e9chenyi. Reginald was a grandson of William Henry Vanderbilt (1821\u20131885), and great-grandson of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt (1794\u20131877). He attended Yale University, but did not graduate. One elder brother, Cornelius Vanderbilt III (1873\u20131942), married Grace Wilson against his parents' wishes and was disinherited. Another elder brother, Alfred, inherited the bulk of the family fortune, though Reginald and several sisters also received some inheritance. In 1903, Reginald married Cathleen Neilson (1885\u20131927) at Parker Cottage in Newport, Rhode Island. She was the daughter of Isabelle Gebhard Neilson, the niece of Frederick Gebhard (c. 1860\u20131910), and the great-granddaughter of Thomas E. Davis, a prominent New York real estate developer. Before their divorce in 1920, the couple had one daughter: On March 6, 1923, he married Gloria Mercedes Morgan (1904\u20131965). Together, they were the parents of his second daughter: Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt died from cirrhosis due to alcoholism on September 4, 1925, at his country home, Sandy Point Farm, in Portsmouth, Rhode Island.", "Cornelius Vanderbilt II House The Cornelius Vanderbilt II House was a mansion built in 1883 at 1 West 57th Street in New York City. It was sold in 1926 and demolished. The townhouse, occupying the northwest corner of Fifth Avenue and 57th Street, was constructed for Cornelius Vanderbilt II, eldest grandson of the Commodore, Cornelius Vanderbilt, founder of the family fortune, in 1883. The ground level contained a drawing room, dining room (which doubled as the art gallery), and a reception room. The second floor housed a salon, a music room and a conservatory, while the family bedrooms were on the remaining floors. Cornelius, feeling that others were trying to outdo his house, bought all the property on the 5th Avenue block. He then hired George B. Post and Richard Morris Hunt to construct a much larger mansion, filling the entire block front. The interiors were done by the French design firm Jules Allard and Sons, with many pieces in the house being imported from Europe. The first floor featured a five-story Caen stone entrance hall from which the principal rooms were accessed. These included the library, a small salon, grand salon, a watercolor room, two-story ballroom and a two-story dining room which doubled as the art gallery. Also on this floor were a two-story Moorish-inspired smoking room, a den, an office, a breakfast room and a pantry. On the second floor were Mrs. Vanderbilt's bedroom, boudoir, bath, closet and dressing room. Mr. Vanderbilt's bedroom was also on this floor, as well as his bathroom, dressing room, closet and private study. The house was six stories tall, not including the basement, and also had a stable and a private garden next door. The Cornelius Vanderbilt II mansion was, and remains, the largest private residence ever built in New York City.", "The Commodore left the majority of his enormous fortune to his eldest son, William Henry Vanderbilt. William Henry, who outlived his father by just eight years, increased the profitability of his father's holdings, increased the reach of the New York Central Railroad, and doubled the Vanderbilt wealth. He built the first of what would become many grand Vanderbilt mansions on Fifth Avenue, at 640 Fifth Avenue. William Henry appointed his first son, Cornelius Vanderbilt II, as the next \"Head of House\". Cornelius II built the largest private home in New York, at 1 West 58th Street, containing approximately 154 rooms, designed by George B. Post. He also built The Breakers in Newport, Rhode Island. Cornelius II's brother, William Kissam Vanderbilt, also featured prominently in the family's affairs. He also built a home on Fifth Avenue and would become one of the great architectural patrons of the Gilded Age, hiring the architects for (the third, and surviving) Grand Central Terminal. He also built Marble House at 596 Bellevue Avenue in Newport, Rhode Island. George Washington Vanderbilt II, William Henry Vanderbilt's youngest son, built Biltmore, in Asheville, North Carolina. While some of Cornelius Vanderbilt's descendants gained fame in business, others achieved prominence in other ways, e.g.: In 1855, Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt donated 45 acres (~182,000 m\u00b2) of property to the Moravian Church and Cemetery at New Dorp on Staten Island, New York. Later, his son William Henry Vanderbilt donated a further four acres (16,000 m\u00b2). The Vanderbilt Mausoleum was designed in 1885 by architect Richard Morris Hunt and landscaped by Frederick Law Olmsted. \"The following list includes Amy Vanderbilt (1908\u20131974), although it is believed she descended from either an uncle or brother of Cornelius Vanderbilt and is therefore not a descendant of Cornelius Vanderbilt.\"", "Cornelius Vanderbilt II Cornelius Vanderbilt II (November 11, 1843 \u2013 September 12, 1899) was an American socialite, businessman, and a member of the prominent United States Vanderbilt family. He was the favorite grandson of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt, who bequeathed him $5 million, and the eldest son of William Henry \"Billy\" Vanderbilt (who bequeathed him about $70 million) and Maria Louisa Kissam. In his turn he succeeded them as head of the New York Central and related railroad lines in 1885. Cornelius Vanderbilt II was born on November 27, 1843 on Staten Island, New York to William Henry Vanderbilt (1821\u20131885) and Maria Louisa Kissam. His youngest brother, George Washington Vanderbilt II, commissioned Richard Morris Hunt to design and build Biltmore Estate in Asheville, North Carolina. It was built between 1889 and 1895, and is still owned by Vanderbilt's descendants. Vanderbilt established a reputation for a strong work ethic while clerking at the Shoe and Leather Bank in New York City. This endeared him to his grandfather, the 'Commodore', who was a strong believer in personal industry. Vanderbilt was active in numerous organizations including the Saint Nicholas Society of the City of New York, YMCA, Red Cross, Salvation Army, Trinity Church, St. Bartholomew's Church, Sunday Breakfast Association, and the Newport Country Club. On February 4, 1867, he married Alice Claypoole Gwynne (1845\u20131934), daughter of Abraham Evan Gwynne and Rachel Moore Flagg. The two met at St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church where both taught Sunday School. Together, they had: A stroke in 1896 compelled him to reduce his active business involvement. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage shortly after 6 a.m. on September 12, 1899, at his home, West Fifty-seventh Street, in Manhattan, New York City."], "answer": {"text": "That year he faced opposition by a steamboat operated by Daniel Drew, who forced Vanderbilt to buy him out.", "answer_start": 450}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How come Cornelius Vanderbilt focused on steamboats?", "answer": {"text": "That year he faced opposition by a steamboat operated by Daniel Drew, who forced Vanderbilt to buy him out.", "answer_start": 450, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he make all his money?", "answer": {"text": "After Thomas Gibbons died in 1826, Vanderbilt worked for Gibbons' son William until 1829.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he get along with Gibbon's son William?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he stop working with Gibbon's son?", "answer": {"text": "In 1831, he took over his brother Jacob's line to Peekskill, New York, on the lower Hudson River.", "answer_start": 352, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0fa2aa482d874343b1a0532f563468c2_1_q#5", "question": "Did Vanderbuilt have anything to do with Drew after that?", "rewrite": "Did Cornelius Vanderbilt have anything to do with Daniel Drew after the Peekskill line matter?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Cornelius Vanderbilt had financed construction of the \"Westchester\", which was launched in 1832. At , she was the largest ship on the Hudson. Sources differ widely on who owned the \"Westchester\", and when. Historian Clifford Browder says at one point that, by 1834, Vanderbilt had sold the \"Westchester\" to three investors from New Jersey. Vanderbilt then secretly leased the vessel as a means of testing the cartel's determination and ruthlessness in preserving its monopoly. The following July, businessman Daniel Drew leased the \"Westchester\" with Vanderbilt's knowledge and connivance. The HRSA accused Vanderbilt of being behind Drew, but Vanderbilt denied all association with him. Later, however, Browder says Vanderbilt still owned the ship as late as 1834. Vanderbilt biographer Edward Renehan, however, says Vanderbilt owned the \"Westchester\" until 1834, when he sold it to Daniel Drew. Vanderbilt used the proceeds from the sale to \"Champion\" and \"Nimrod\", vessels launched in August 1834. Even more confusingly, steamship historian Edwin Dunbaugh says Vanderbilt purchased, but did not build, the \"Champion\" and \"Nimrod\". Whoever the owner of the \"Westchester\" was, Drew was in charge of its operations. He began running the ship during the day, three times a week. At first, he charged $2 ($ in dollars) per fare, but then lowered the price to $1 ($ in dollars) per fare. In response, the HRSA cut its fares to $2 ($ in dollars) per one-way ticket, and scheduled the steamboat \"Peekskill\" so that it competed against the \"Westchester\" for passengers and freight. Vanderbilt then entered the competition, assigning his steamboats \"Champion\" and \"Nimrod\" (which had formerly operated only on Long Island Sound) to make the New York-to-Albany run as well.", "The Commodore left the majority of his enormous fortune to his eldest son, William Henry Vanderbilt. William Henry, who outlived his father by just eight years, increased the profitability of his father's holdings, increased the reach of the New York Central Railroad, and doubled the Vanderbilt wealth. He built the first of what would become many grand Vanderbilt mansions on Fifth Avenue, at 640 Fifth Avenue. William Henry appointed his first son, Cornelius Vanderbilt II, as the next \"Head of House\". Cornelius II built the largest private home in New York, at 1 West 58th Street, containing approximately 154 rooms, designed by George B. Post. He also built The Breakers in Newport, Rhode Island. Cornelius II's brother, William Kissam Vanderbilt, also featured prominently in the family's affairs. He also built a home on Fifth Avenue and would become one of the great architectural patrons of the Gilded Age, hiring the architects for (the third, and surviving) Grand Central Terminal. He also built Marble House at 596 Bellevue Avenue in Newport, Rhode Island. George Washington Vanderbilt II, William Henry Vanderbilt's youngest son, built Biltmore, in Asheville, North Carolina. While some of Cornelius Vanderbilt's descendants gained fame in business, others achieved prominence in other ways, e.g.: In 1855, Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt donated 45 acres (~182,000 m\u00b2) of property to the Moravian Church and Cemetery at New Dorp on Staten Island, New York. Later, his son William Henry Vanderbilt donated a further four acres (16,000 m\u00b2). The Vanderbilt Mausoleum was designed in 1885 by architect Richard Morris Hunt and landscaped by Frederick Law Olmsted. \"The following list includes Amy Vanderbilt (1908\u20131974), although it is believed she descended from either an uncle or brother of Cornelius Vanderbilt and is therefore not a descendant of Cornelius Vanderbilt.\"", "Daniel Drew Daniel Drew (July 29, 1797 \u2013 September 18, 1879) was an American businessman, steamship and railroad developer, and financier. Summarizing his life, Henry Clews wrote: \"Of all the great operators of Wall Street ... Daniel Drew furnishes the most remarkable instance of immense and long-continued success, followed by utter failure and hopeless bankruptcy\". Drew was born in Carmel, New York in the family of Gilbert Drew and Catherine Muckleworth. He was poorly educated and saw hardship after his father, who owned a small cattle farm, died when Daniel was fifteen years old. Drew enlisted and drilled, though did not see face to face combat in the War of 1812. After the war, he spent some time with a traveling zoo and then built a successful cattle-droving business. In 1820, he moved to New York City, where he established himself at the Bull's Head Tavern in the Bowery, a place frequented by drovers and butchers doing business in the city. While running the tavern, he formed a partnership with two other drovers, buying cattle from neighboring counties and bringing them to New York for sale. In 1823, he married Roxanna Mead. In 1834, he entered the steamboat business, purchasing a share of a boat operating on the Hudson River. Competing with Cornelius Vanderbilt against the Hudson River Steamboat Association, he ran numerous profitable lines outside of New York City. Around this time, Drew began to speculate in stocks. He founded the brokerage firm of Drew, Robinson & Company in 1844, which dissolved a decade later with the death of his partner. After the firm's dissolution, he continued to work in the brokerage business as an independent operator. In 1857, Drew became a member of the board of directors of the Erie Railroad and used his position to manipulate the railroad stock price.", "SS Oregon (1845) Oregon built in 1845, was a side-wheel driven steamboat operating on the Hudson River. Originally built for George Law, it was later bought by Daniel Drew. Drew was operating a service using his boat\"Knickerbocker\" on the Stonington and New York route. George Law saw the chance to provide competition and had the \"Oregon\" (a \"floating palace\") built in 1845. This was then the fastest steamboat in the country. She was installed on the Stonington run with tickets sold at competitive prices. Consequently Drew was to lose trade. Cornelius Vanderbilt a business partner and friend of Drew made a challenge to race her against his own ship \"Traveler\", which was serving the New Haven to New York route. \"Traveler\" was half the size of the \"Oregon\". The boats raced in 1845 a twenty mile course with no clear winner. A frustrated Vanderbilt was to commission a new contender the \"C. Vanderbilt\". The Vanderbilt weighed 1000 tons and could reach 25 miles per hour. Vanderbilt made a wager of $1000. A race was agreed for 1 June 1847; the route was agreed as a round trip on the Hudson River from the Battery to Ossining and back. 70 miles in total. Both departed the Battery at 11 AM going north with the tide against them, for 30 miles they were neck and neck. However as the vessels turned a stake boat at Ossining the \"Oregon\" pulled half a length ahead. Cornelius Vanderbilt, who had taken the wheel, took the turn too quickly and over shot resulting in a small collision, which severely damaged the \"Oregon\"s wheelhouse. With fifteen miles to go, the tide in running south in favour of both, the \"Oregon\" ran out of coal and the crew started to feed the boilers with any wood to hand, burning furniture and the like.", "Erie War The Erie War was a 19th-century conflict between American financiers for control of the Erie Railway Company, which owned and operated the Erie Railroad. Built with public funds raised by taxation and on land donated by public officials and private developers, by the middle of the 1850s the railroad was mismanaged and heavily in debt. A cattle drover turned Wall Street banker and broker Daniel Drew at first loaned $2 million to the railroad, and then acquired control over it. He amassed fortune by skilfully manipulating the Erie railroad shares on the New York Stock Exchange. Cornelius Vanderbilt, who set his mind on building a railroad empire, saw multiple business and financial opportunities in railways and decided in 1866 to corner the market on Erie by silently scooping the Erie railroad stock. After succeeding, Vanderbilt permitted Drew to stay on the board of directors in his former capacity as a treasurer. Between 1866-1868, Daniel Drew conspired with James Fisk and Jay Gould, whom he brought on the board, to issue spurious Erie Railroad shares, thus \"watering down\" the stock, of which unsuspecting Cornelius Vanderbilt bought a large quantity. Vanderbilt lost more than $7 million in his attempt to gain control over Erie Railway Company, although Gould later returned most of the money under threat of litigation. As a result, Vanderbilt conceded control of the railroad to the trio. They were involved with the corrupt Tammany Hall political party machine, and made Boss Tweed a director of the Erie Railroad. Tweed (who later died in prison for embezzlement and fraud), in return arranged favorable state legislation in Albany for them, legalizing the newly issued shares. Gustavus Myers, an American historian and muckraker, wrote in his survey of railroad fortunes in the U.S.,"], "answer": {"text": "Vanderbilt became a secret partner with Drew for the next thirty years, so that the two men would have an incentive to avoid competing with each other.", "answer_start": 569}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How come Cornelius Vanderbilt focused on steamboats?", "answer": {"text": "That year he faced opposition by a steamboat operated by Daniel Drew, who forced Vanderbilt to buy him out.", "answer_start": 450, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he make all his money?", "answer": {"text": "After Thomas Gibbons died in 1826, Vanderbilt worked for Gibbons' son William until 1829.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he get along with Gibbon's son William?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he stop working with Gibbon's son?", "answer": {"text": "In 1831, he took over his brother Jacob's line to Peekskill, New York, on the lower Hudson River.", "answer_start": 352, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why didn't Vanderbilt help with the Peekskill line?", "answer": {"text": "That year he faced opposition by a steamboat operated by Daniel Drew, who forced Vanderbilt to buy him out.", "answer_start": 450, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_050a40ff55ed4bb79eb83fac1e62f98a_1_q#0", "question": "What did Stephen Sondheim do in his early years?", "rewrite": "What did Stephen Sondheim do in his early years?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Saturday Night (musical) Saturday Night is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and the book by brothers Julius J. Epstein and Philip G. Epstein, based on their play, \"Front Porch in Flatbush\". The musical was expected to open on Broadway in 1954-1955, but because of the lead producer's death, it was not produced. Following a student production, it was staged at the Bridewell Theatre, London in 1997 and then in Chicago in 1999 and Off-Broadway in 2000. The musical also ran in the West End in 2009. \"Saturday Night\" was scheduled to open in the 1954-55 Broadway season. Announcements of the production appeared in the \"New York Times\", and auditions were held in mid-1955, following some revisions to the music brought about by backers' auditions. In the summer of 1955, it appeared that \"Saturday Night\" would be Sondheim's musical debut on Broadway that fall. However, in August 1955, lead producer Lemuel Ayers died, leaving the production with little morale and even less cash. The production was scrapped, and the musical material shelved. The show nearly made it Broadway in 1960, after Jule Styne decided to revive it after working with Sondheim on \"Gypsy\". However, during the audition process, Sondheim halted proceedings due to feeling that his compositional level had outstripped what he had written six years previously. Although a handful of songs from the musical have appeared in revues and on Sondheim compilation albums, the score as a whole went unperformed until 1997. The Stephen Sondheim Society supported the first ever fully staged performance of the musical at the University of Birmingham, having been given permission to stage the show by Sondheim himself.", "\"Sings the Stephen Sondheim Songbook\" (1988); Cleo Laine \"Cleo Sings Sondheim\" (1988); Dorothy Loudon \"The Stephen Sondheim Album\" (2000); Elaine Stritch \"At Liberty\" (2002) and \"Sondheim the Birthday Concert\" (2010); Elaine Paige \"2011 Broadway Revival Cast Recording\"; and Shirley Bassey \" Hello Like Before\" (2014). The character Frederica Norman, played by Patti LuPone, sang the song in Pose (TV series), season 2, episode 6. The character Doris Mann, played by Shirley MacLaine, sang the song in \"Postcards from the Edge\". At the request of director Mike Nichols, Stephen Sondheim wrote special lyrics for MacLaine to sing in the film. The character Lillian Bennett, played by Carol Burnett, sang the song in \"Touched by an Angel\" season 4, episode 10: \"The Comeback.\" The character Kurt Hummel, played by Chris Colfer, sang the song in a \"Glee\" episode in a Sondheim tribute episode in season five. TVLine gave the performance an A.", "The Sondheim Review The Sondheim Review was a quarterly magazine published in Chicago, United States, by Ray Birks starting in 1994. Per its tagline, it was \"Dedicated to the work of the Musical Theatre's foremost composer and lyricist,\" Stephen Sondheim. It was originally edited by Paul Salsini; starting in 2004, Cincinnati theatre critic Rick Pender became its managing editor; its editorial board included Chicago theatre columnist John Olson, drama critic and university professor Eric Grode, university professor Paul M. Puccio, and theater journalist Russell M. Dembin. Sondheim wrote occasional short items for the magazine, although he was not formally connected with the magazine. \"The Sondheim Review\" ceased publication in early in 2016; the Website is defunct and many subscribers did not receive refunds from the publisher for their 2016-2017 subscription season. At present, www.sondheimreview.com uses an invalid security certificate that expired on December 19, 2016 6:59PM \"The Sondheim Review\" maintained a low-activity web site that included one free article from each issue and a list of upcoming Sondheim productions primarily in the United States and Canada. The magazine had subscribers in more 25 countries, as Sondheim's work is widely acclaimed and respected, even in non-English speaking countries. Rick Pender, former Managing Editor of the \"Review\", established the website \"Everything Sondheim\" in 2016, envisioned as a \"go-to source of news, information, commentary and analysis for musical theater enthusiasts who admire the works and career of composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim\". Operation of \"Everything Sondheim\" ceased on December 31, 2017 as the \"anticipated financial model did not succeed\".", "Signature Theatre (Arlington, Virginia) Signature Theatre is a Tony Award winning regional theater company based in Arlington, Virginia. Founded in 1989, Signature Theatre is known for its productions of contemporary musicals and plays, reinventions of classic musicals, and development of new work. Under the leadership of Co-Founder and Artistic Director Eric D. Schaeffer and Managing Director Maggie Boland, the company has staged 56 world premiere productions, including 19 new musical commissions. Signature is home to the single largest musical theater commissioning project in the United States, The American Musical Voices Project. Cameron Mackintosh, Terrence McNally, James Lapine, John Kander, and Fred Ebb are among those that have presented works here. Since 1991, Signature has had a long relationship with Stephen Sondheim, producing 30 of his musicals, revues and concerts\u2014more than any other professional theater in the country. The theatre established a Sondheim Award \"as a tribute to America's most influential contemporary musical theatre composer\". The first award, to Stephen Sondheim, was presented at an April 27, 2009 benefit with performances by Bernadette Peters, Michael Cerveris, Will Gartshore and Eleasha Gamble. In 1989, in response to DC's theater scene that was dominated by large venues that presented mostly traditional plays and the desire to create a \u201csignature\u201d brand of provocative works, graphic designer and performer Eric Schaeffer founded Signature Theatre with actor Donna Migliaccio. Signature first began in Arlington county's Gunston Middle School auditorium, and in 1991 Signature presented their first production of a musical, Sweeney Todd, a stand-out hit, that put Signature on the map, earned four Helen Hayes Awards and solidified Signature\u2019s (and Eric Schaeffer\u2019s) reputation as an intrepid producer of Stephen Sondheim\u2019s work.", "Six by Sondheim Six by Sondheim is an HBO television documentary which pays tribute to Broadway composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim. The film was directed and co-produced by James Lapine, based on an idea by Frank Rich and \"centers on the backstory of six great Sondheim songs.\" The film has performances of six of Sondheim's signature songs: In the documentary, Sondheim himself performs along with Audra McDonald, Jeremy Jordan, Darren Criss, America Ferrera, Jackie Hoffman and Laura Osnes. The documentary contains archival footage as well as footage shot for a revue of Sondheim's music that played on Broadway in 2010 titled \"Sondheim on Sondheim\". The documentary consists of both original short films of several of the songs plus existing material. For example, Lapine directed the part on \"Opening Doors\" which features Criss, Jordan, Ferrera, and Osnes; Todd Haynes directed the film on \"I'm Still Here\" which has Jarvis Cocker; and Autumn De Wilde directed McDonald and Will Swenson in \"Send in the Clowns. \" The film was edited by Miky Wolf who gave an interview to \"The Red Room Podcast\" on episode 68. This interview was then published in the Summer 2014 \"The Sondheim Review\". National Public Radio highly recommended the documentary stating that \"Six\" is \"a superbly compiled work, overseen by two of the people most intimately familiar with the composer himself... If you're new to the works of Stephen Sondheim, this TV special should entice you. If you're already a fan, it should delight you.\" TV Guide stated, \"Sondheim exults in the 'agonizing fun' of his craft. We can only marvel at the results."], "answer": {"text": "When he lived in New York, Sondheim attended ECFS, the Ethical Culture Fieldston School known simply as \"Fieldston.\"", "answer_start": 533}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_050a40ff55ed4bb79eb83fac1e62f98a_1_q#1", "question": "When did he graduate?", "rewrite": "When did Stephen Sondheim graduate?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Signature Theatre (Arlington, Virginia) Signature Theatre is a Tony Award winning regional theater company based in Arlington, Virginia. Founded in 1989, Signature Theatre is known for its productions of contemporary musicals and plays, reinventions of classic musicals, and development of new work. Under the leadership of Co-Founder and Artistic Director Eric D. Schaeffer and Managing Director Maggie Boland, the company has staged 56 world premiere productions, including 19 new musical commissions. Signature is home to the single largest musical theater commissioning project in the United States, The American Musical Voices Project. Cameron Mackintosh, Terrence McNally, James Lapine, John Kander, and Fred Ebb are among those that have presented works here. Since 1991, Signature has had a long relationship with Stephen Sondheim, producing 30 of his musicals, revues and concerts\u2014more than any other professional theater in the country. The theatre established a Sondheim Award \"as a tribute to America's most influential contemporary musical theatre composer\". The first award, to Stephen Sondheim, was presented at an April 27, 2009 benefit with performances by Bernadette Peters, Michael Cerveris, Will Gartshore and Eleasha Gamble. In 1989, in response to DC's theater scene that was dominated by large venues that presented mostly traditional plays and the desire to create a \u201csignature\u201d brand of provocative works, graphic designer and performer Eric Schaeffer founded Signature Theatre with actor Donna Migliaccio. Signature first began in Arlington county's Gunston Middle School auditorium, and in 1991 Signature presented their first production of a musical, Sweeney Todd, a stand-out hit, that put Signature on the map, earned four Helen Hayes Awards and solidified Signature\u2019s (and Eric Schaeffer\u2019s) reputation as an intrepid producer of Stephen Sondheim\u2019s work.", "Saturday Night (musical) Saturday Night is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and the book by brothers Julius J. Epstein and Philip G. Epstein, based on their play, \"Front Porch in Flatbush\". The musical was expected to open on Broadway in 1954-1955, but because of the lead producer's death, it was not produced. Following a student production, it was staged at the Bridewell Theatre, London in 1997 and then in Chicago in 1999 and Off-Broadway in 2000. The musical also ran in the West End in 2009. \"Saturday Night\" was scheduled to open in the 1954-55 Broadway season. Announcements of the production appeared in the \"New York Times\", and auditions were held in mid-1955, following some revisions to the music brought about by backers' auditions. In the summer of 1955, it appeared that \"Saturday Night\" would be Sondheim's musical debut on Broadway that fall. However, in August 1955, lead producer Lemuel Ayers died, leaving the production with little morale and even less cash. The production was scrapped, and the musical material shelved. The show nearly made it Broadway in 1960, after Jule Styne decided to revive it after working with Sondheim on \"Gypsy\". However, during the audition process, Sondheim halted proceedings due to feeling that his compositional level had outstripped what he had written six years previously. Although a handful of songs from the musical have appeared in revues and on Sondheim compilation albums, the score as a whole went unperformed until 1997. The Stephen Sondheim Society supported the first ever fully staged performance of the musical at the University of Birmingham, having been given permission to stage the show by Sondheim himself.", "Six by Sondheim Six by Sondheim is an HBO television documentary which pays tribute to Broadway composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim. The film was directed and co-produced by James Lapine, based on an idea by Frank Rich and \"centers on the backstory of six great Sondheim songs.\" The film has performances of six of Sondheim's signature songs: In the documentary, Sondheim himself performs along with Audra McDonald, Jeremy Jordan, Darren Criss, America Ferrera, Jackie Hoffman and Laura Osnes. The documentary contains archival footage as well as footage shot for a revue of Sondheim's music that played on Broadway in 2010 titled \"Sondheim on Sondheim\". The documentary consists of both original short films of several of the songs plus existing material. For example, Lapine directed the part on \"Opening Doors\" which features Criss, Jordan, Ferrera, and Osnes; Todd Haynes directed the film on \"I'm Still Here\" which has Jarvis Cocker; and Autumn De Wilde directed McDonald and Will Swenson in \"Send in the Clowns. \" The film was edited by Miky Wolf who gave an interview to \"The Red Room Podcast\" on episode 68. This interview was then published in the Summer 2014 \"The Sondheim Review\". National Public Radio highly recommended the documentary stating that \"Six\" is \"a superbly compiled work, overseen by two of the people most intimately familiar with the composer himself... If you're new to the works of Stephen Sondheim, this TV special should entice you. If you're already a fan, it should delight you.\" TV Guide stated, \"Sondheim exults in the 'agonizing fun' of his craft. We can only marvel at the results.", "\"Sings the Stephen Sondheim Songbook\" (1988); Cleo Laine \"Cleo Sings Sondheim\" (1988); Dorothy Loudon \"The Stephen Sondheim Album\" (2000); Elaine Stritch \"At Liberty\" (2002) and \"Sondheim the Birthday Concert\" (2010); Elaine Paige \"2011 Broadway Revival Cast Recording\"; and Shirley Bassey \" Hello Like Before\" (2014). The character Frederica Norman, played by Patti LuPone, sang the song in Pose (TV series), season 2, episode 6. The character Doris Mann, played by Shirley MacLaine, sang the song in \"Postcards from the Edge\". At the request of director Mike Nichols, Stephen Sondheim wrote special lyrics for MacLaine to sing in the film. The character Lillian Bennett, played by Carol Burnett, sang the song in \"Touched by an Angel\" season 4, episode 10: \"The Comeback.\" The character Kurt Hummel, played by Chris Colfer, sang the song in a \"Glee\" episode in a Sondheim tribute episode in season five. TVLine gave the performance an A.", "The Sondheim Review The Sondheim Review was a quarterly magazine published in Chicago, United States, by Ray Birks starting in 1994. Per its tagline, it was \"Dedicated to the work of the Musical Theatre's foremost composer and lyricist,\" Stephen Sondheim. It was originally edited by Paul Salsini; starting in 2004, Cincinnati theatre critic Rick Pender became its managing editor; its editorial board included Chicago theatre columnist John Olson, drama critic and university professor Eric Grode, university professor Paul M. Puccio, and theater journalist Russell M. Dembin. Sondheim wrote occasional short items for the magazine, although he was not formally connected with the magazine. \"The Sondheim Review\" ceased publication in early in 2016; the Website is defunct and many subscribers did not receive refunds from the publisher for their 2016-2017 subscription season. At present, www.sondheimreview.com uses an invalid security certificate that expired on December 19, 2016 6:59PM \"The Sondheim Review\" maintained a low-activity web site that included one free article from each issue and a list of upcoming Sondheim productions primarily in the United States and Canada. The magazine had subscribers in more 25 countries, as Sondheim's work is widely acclaimed and respected, even in non-English speaking countries. Rick Pender, former Managing Editor of the \"Review\", established the website \"Everything Sondheim\" in 2016, envisioned as a \"go-to source of news, information, commentary and analysis for musical theater enthusiasts who admire the works and career of composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim\". Operation of \"Everything Sondheim\" ceased on December 31, 2017 as the \"anticipated financial model did not succeed\"."], "answer": {"text": "He later attended the New York Military Academy and George School, a private Quaker preparatory school in Bucks County, Pennsylvania", "answer_start": 650}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Stephen Sondheim do in his early years?", "answer": {"text": "When he lived in New York, Sondheim attended ECFS, the Ethical Culture Fieldston School known simply as \"Fieldston.\"", "answer_start": 533, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_050a40ff55ed4bb79eb83fac1e62f98a_1_q#2", "question": "Did he join the military?", "rewrite": "Did Stephen Sondheim join the military?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["\"Sings the Stephen Sondheim Songbook\" (1988); Cleo Laine \"Cleo Sings Sondheim\" (1988); Dorothy Loudon \"The Stephen Sondheim Album\" (2000); Elaine Stritch \"At Liberty\" (2002) and \"Sondheim the Birthday Concert\" (2010); Elaine Paige \"2011 Broadway Revival Cast Recording\"; and Shirley Bassey \" Hello Like Before\" (2014). The character Frederica Norman, played by Patti LuPone, sang the song in Pose (TV series), season 2, episode 6. The character Doris Mann, played by Shirley MacLaine, sang the song in \"Postcards from the Edge\". At the request of director Mike Nichols, Stephen Sondheim wrote special lyrics for MacLaine to sing in the film. The character Lillian Bennett, played by Carol Burnett, sang the song in \"Touched by an Angel\" season 4, episode 10: \"The Comeback.\" The character Kurt Hummel, played by Chris Colfer, sang the song in a \"Glee\" episode in a Sondheim tribute episode in season five. TVLine gave the performance an A.", "Pacific Overtures Pacific Overtures is a musical written by Stephen Sondheim and John Weidman. The show is set in Japan beginning in 1853 and follows the difficult westernization of Japan, told from the point of view of the Japanese. In particular, the story focuses on the lives of two friends caught in the change. Sondheim wrote the score in a quasi-Japanese style of parallel 4ths and no leading tone. He did not use the pentatonic scale; the 4th degree of the major scale is represented from the opening number through the finale, as Sondheim found just five pitches too limiting. The music contrasts Japanese contemplation (\"There is No Other Way\") with Western ingenuousness (\"Please Hello\") while over the course of the 127 years, Western harmonies, tonality and even lyrics are infused into the score. The score is generally considered to be one of Sondheim's most ambitious and sophisticated efforts. The original Broadway production of \"Pacific Overtures\" in 1976 was staged in Kabuki style, with men playing women's parts and set changes made in full view of the audience by black-clad stagehands. It opened to mixed reviews and closed after six months, despite being nominated for ten Tony Awards. Given its unusual casting and production demands, \"Pacific Overtures\" remains one of Stephen Sondheim's least-performed musicals. The show is occasionally staged by opera companies. The cast requires an abundance of gifted male Asian actors who must play male and female parts. Women join the ensemble for only half of the last song; during the finale, after the lyric: \u201cmore surprises next,\u201d 20 women actors join the cast and sing the remaining 1:42 of the show. This creates expensive and challenging casting and thus most regional and community theaters, universities and schools are unable to produce it.", "Saturday Night (musical) Saturday Night is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and the book by brothers Julius J. Epstein and Philip G. Epstein, based on their play, \"Front Porch in Flatbush\". The musical was expected to open on Broadway in 1954-1955, but because of the lead producer's death, it was not produced. Following a student production, it was staged at the Bridewell Theatre, London in 1997 and then in Chicago in 1999 and Off-Broadway in 2000. The musical also ran in the West End in 2009. \"Saturday Night\" was scheduled to open in the 1954-55 Broadway season. Announcements of the production appeared in the \"New York Times\", and auditions were held in mid-1955, following some revisions to the music brought about by backers' auditions. In the summer of 1955, it appeared that \"Saturday Night\" would be Sondheim's musical debut on Broadway that fall. However, in August 1955, lead producer Lemuel Ayers died, leaving the production with little morale and even less cash. The production was scrapped, and the musical material shelved. The show nearly made it Broadway in 1960, after Jule Styne decided to revive it after working with Sondheim on \"Gypsy\". However, during the audition process, Sondheim halted proceedings due to feeling that his compositional level had outstripped what he had written six years previously. Although a handful of songs from the musical have appeared in revues and on Sondheim compilation albums, the score as a whole went unperformed until 1997. The Stephen Sondheim Society supported the first ever fully staged performance of the musical at the University of Birmingham, having been given permission to stage the show by Sondheim himself.", "The Sondheim Review The Sondheim Review was a quarterly magazine published in Chicago, United States, by Ray Birks starting in 1994. Per its tagline, it was \"Dedicated to the work of the Musical Theatre's foremost composer and lyricist,\" Stephen Sondheim. It was originally edited by Paul Salsini; starting in 2004, Cincinnati theatre critic Rick Pender became its managing editor; its editorial board included Chicago theatre columnist John Olson, drama critic and university professor Eric Grode, university professor Paul M. Puccio, and theater journalist Russell M. Dembin. Sondheim wrote occasional short items for the magazine, although he was not formally connected with the magazine. \"The Sondheim Review\" ceased publication in early in 2016; the Website is defunct and many subscribers did not receive refunds from the publisher for their 2016-2017 subscription season. At present, www.sondheimreview.com uses an invalid security certificate that expired on December 19, 2016 6:59PM \"The Sondheim Review\" maintained a low-activity web site that included one free article from each issue and a list of upcoming Sondheim productions primarily in the United States and Canada. The magazine had subscribers in more 25 countries, as Sondheim's work is widely acclaimed and respected, even in non-English speaking countries. Rick Pender, former Managing Editor of the \"Review\", established the website \"Everything Sondheim\" in 2016, envisioned as a \"go-to source of news, information, commentary and analysis for musical theater enthusiasts who admire the works and career of composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim\". Operation of \"Everything Sondheim\" ceased on December 31, 2017 as the \"anticipated financial model did not succeed\".", "Six by Sondheim Six by Sondheim is an HBO television documentary which pays tribute to Broadway composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim. The film was directed and co-produced by James Lapine, based on an idea by Frank Rich and \"centers on the backstory of six great Sondheim songs.\" The film has performances of six of Sondheim's signature songs: In the documentary, Sondheim himself performs along with Audra McDonald, Jeremy Jordan, Darren Criss, America Ferrera, Jackie Hoffman and Laura Osnes. The documentary contains archival footage as well as footage shot for a revue of Sondheim's music that played on Broadway in 2010 titled \"Sondheim on Sondheim\". The documentary consists of both original short films of several of the songs plus existing material. For example, Lapine directed the part on \"Opening Doors\" which features Criss, Jordan, Ferrera, and Osnes; Todd Haynes directed the film on \"I'm Still Here\" which has Jarvis Cocker; and Autumn De Wilde directed McDonald and Will Swenson in \"Send in the Clowns. \" The film was edited by Miky Wolf who gave an interview to \"The Red Room Podcast\" on episode 68. This interview was then published in the Summer 2014 \"The Sondheim Review\". National Public Radio highly recommended the documentary stating that \"Six\" is \"a superbly compiled work, overseen by two of the people most intimately familiar with the composer himself... If you're new to the works of Stephen Sondheim, this TV special should entice you. If you're already a fan, it should delight you.\" TV Guide stated, \"Sondheim exults in the 'agonizing fun' of his craft. We can only marvel at the results."], "answer": {"text": "He later attended the New York Military Academy", "answer_start": 650}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Stephen Sondheim do in his early years?", "answer": {"text": "When he lived in New York, Sondheim attended ECFS, the Ethical Culture Fieldston School known simply as \"Fieldston.\"", "answer_start": 533, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he graduate?", "answer": {"text": "He later attended the New York Military Academy and George School, a private Quaker preparatory school in Bucks County, Pennsylvania", "answer_start": 650, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_050a40ff55ed4bb79eb83fac1e62f98a_1_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Aside from Stephen Sondheim's education, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Signature Theatre (Arlington, Virginia) Signature Theatre is a Tony Award winning regional theater company based in Arlington, Virginia. Founded in 1989, Signature Theatre is known for its productions of contemporary musicals and plays, reinventions of classic musicals, and development of new work. Under the leadership of Co-Founder and Artistic Director Eric D. Schaeffer and Managing Director Maggie Boland, the company has staged 56 world premiere productions, including 19 new musical commissions. Signature is home to the single largest musical theater commissioning project in the United States, The American Musical Voices Project. Cameron Mackintosh, Terrence McNally, James Lapine, John Kander, and Fred Ebb are among those that have presented works here. Since 1991, Signature has had a long relationship with Stephen Sondheim, producing 30 of his musicals, revues and concerts\u2014more than any other professional theater in the country. The theatre established a Sondheim Award \"as a tribute to America's most influential contemporary musical theatre composer\". The first award, to Stephen Sondheim, was presented at an April 27, 2009 benefit with performances by Bernadette Peters, Michael Cerveris, Will Gartshore and Eleasha Gamble. In 1989, in response to DC's theater scene that was dominated by large venues that presented mostly traditional plays and the desire to create a \u201csignature\u201d brand of provocative works, graphic designer and performer Eric Schaeffer founded Signature Theatre with actor Donna Migliaccio. Signature first began in Arlington county's Gunston Middle School auditorium, and in 1991 Signature presented their first production of a musical, Sweeney Todd, a stand-out hit, that put Signature on the map, earned four Helen Hayes Awards and solidified Signature\u2019s (and Eric Schaeffer\u2019s) reputation as an intrepid producer of Stephen Sondheim\u2019s work.", "The Sondheim Review The Sondheim Review was a quarterly magazine published in Chicago, United States, by Ray Birks starting in 1994. Per its tagline, it was \"Dedicated to the work of the Musical Theatre's foremost composer and lyricist,\" Stephen Sondheim. It was originally edited by Paul Salsini; starting in 2004, Cincinnati theatre critic Rick Pender became its managing editor; its editorial board included Chicago theatre columnist John Olson, drama critic and university professor Eric Grode, university professor Paul M. Puccio, and theater journalist Russell M. Dembin. Sondheim wrote occasional short items for the magazine, although he was not formally connected with the magazine. \"The Sondheim Review\" ceased publication in early in 2016; the Website is defunct and many subscribers did not receive refunds from the publisher for their 2016-2017 subscription season. At present, www.sondheimreview.com uses an invalid security certificate that expired on December 19, 2016 6:59PM \"The Sondheim Review\" maintained a low-activity web site that included one free article from each issue and a list of upcoming Sondheim productions primarily in the United States and Canada. The magazine had subscribers in more 25 countries, as Sondheim's work is widely acclaimed and respected, even in non-English speaking countries. Rick Pender, former Managing Editor of the \"Review\", established the website \"Everything Sondheim\" in 2016, envisioned as a \"go-to source of news, information, commentary and analysis for musical theater enthusiasts who admire the works and career of composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim\". Operation of \"Everything Sondheim\" ceased on December 31, 2017 as the \"anticipated financial model did not succeed\".", "Six by Sondheim Six by Sondheim is an HBO television documentary which pays tribute to Broadway composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim. The film was directed and co-produced by James Lapine, based on an idea by Frank Rich and \"centers on the backstory of six great Sondheim songs.\" The film has performances of six of Sondheim's signature songs: In the documentary, Sondheim himself performs along with Audra McDonald, Jeremy Jordan, Darren Criss, America Ferrera, Jackie Hoffman and Laura Osnes. The documentary contains archival footage as well as footage shot for a revue of Sondheim's music that played on Broadway in 2010 titled \"Sondheim on Sondheim\". The documentary consists of both original short films of several of the songs plus existing material. For example, Lapine directed the part on \"Opening Doors\" which features Criss, Jordan, Ferrera, and Osnes; Todd Haynes directed the film on \"I'm Still Here\" which has Jarvis Cocker; and Autumn De Wilde directed McDonald and Will Swenson in \"Send in the Clowns. \" The film was edited by Miky Wolf who gave an interview to \"The Red Room Podcast\" on episode 68. This interview was then published in the Summer 2014 \"The Sondheim Review\". National Public Radio highly recommended the documentary stating that \"Six\" is \"a superbly compiled work, overseen by two of the people most intimately familiar with the composer himself... If you're new to the works of Stephen Sondheim, this TV special should entice you. If you're already a fan, it should delight you.\" TV Guide stated, \"Sondheim exults in the 'agonizing fun' of his craft. We can only marvel at the results.", "\"Sings the Stephen Sondheim Songbook\" (1988); Cleo Laine \"Cleo Sings Sondheim\" (1988); Dorothy Loudon \"The Stephen Sondheim Album\" (2000); Elaine Stritch \"At Liberty\" (2002) and \"Sondheim the Birthday Concert\" (2010); Elaine Paige \"2011 Broadway Revival Cast Recording\"; and Shirley Bassey \" Hello Like Before\" (2014). The character Frederica Norman, played by Patti LuPone, sang the song in Pose (TV series), season 2, episode 6. The character Doris Mann, played by Shirley MacLaine, sang the song in \"Postcards from the Edge\". At the request of director Mike Nichols, Stephen Sondheim wrote special lyrics for MacLaine to sing in the film. The character Lillian Bennett, played by Carol Burnett, sang the song in \"Touched by an Angel\" season 4, episode 10: \"The Comeback.\" The character Kurt Hummel, played by Chris Colfer, sang the song in a \"Glee\" episode in a Sondheim tribute episode in season five. TVLine gave the performance an A.", "Saturday Night (musical) Saturday Night is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and the book by brothers Julius J. Epstein and Philip G. Epstein, based on their play, \"Front Porch in Flatbush\". The musical was expected to open on Broadway in 1954-1955, but because of the lead producer's death, it was not produced. Following a student production, it was staged at the Bridewell Theatre, London in 1997 and then in Chicago in 1999 and Off-Broadway in 2000. The musical also ran in the West End in 2009. \"Saturday Night\" was scheduled to open in the 1954-55 Broadway season. Announcements of the production appeared in the \"New York Times\", and auditions were held in mid-1955, following some revisions to the music brought about by backers' auditions. In the summer of 1955, it appeared that \"Saturday Night\" would be Sondheim's musical debut on Broadway that fall. However, in August 1955, lead producer Lemuel Ayers died, leaving the production with little morale and even less cash. The production was scrapped, and the musical material shelved. The show nearly made it Broadway in 1960, after Jule Styne decided to revive it after working with Sondheim on \"Gypsy\". However, during the audition process, Sondheim halted proceedings due to feeling that his compositional level had outstripped what he had written six years previously. Although a handful of songs from the musical have appeared in revues and on Sondheim compilation albums, the score as a whole went unperformed until 1997. The Stephen Sondheim Society supported the first ever fully staged performance of the musical at the University of Birmingham, having been given permission to stage the show by Sondheim himself."], "answer": {"text": "Sondheim detested his mother, who was said to be psychologically abusive and projected her anger from her failed marriage on her son:", "answer_start": 224}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Stephen Sondheim do in his early years?", "answer": {"text": "When he lived in New York, Sondheim attended ECFS, the Ethical Culture Fieldston School known simply as \"Fieldston.\"", "answer_start": 533, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he graduate?", "answer": {"text": "He later attended the New York Military Academy and George School, a private Quaker preparatory school in Bucks County, Pennsylvania", "answer_start": 650, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he join the military?", "answer": {"text": "He later attended the New York Military Academy", "answer_start": 650, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_050a40ff55ed4bb79eb83fac1e62f98a_1_q#4", "question": "Did his mother abuse him?", "rewrite": "Did Stephen Sondheim's mother abuse him?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Signature Theatre (Arlington, Virginia) Signature Theatre is a Tony Award winning regional theater company based in Arlington, Virginia. Founded in 1989, Signature Theatre is known for its productions of contemporary musicals and plays, reinventions of classic musicals, and development of new work. Under the leadership of Co-Founder and Artistic Director Eric D. Schaeffer and Managing Director Maggie Boland, the company has staged 56 world premiere productions, including 19 new musical commissions. Signature is home to the single largest musical theater commissioning project in the United States, The American Musical Voices Project. Cameron Mackintosh, Terrence McNally, James Lapine, John Kander, and Fred Ebb are among those that have presented works here. Since 1991, Signature has had a long relationship with Stephen Sondheim, producing 30 of his musicals, revues and concerts\u2014more than any other professional theater in the country. The theatre established a Sondheim Award \"as a tribute to America's most influential contemporary musical theatre composer\". The first award, to Stephen Sondheim, was presented at an April 27, 2009 benefit with performances by Bernadette Peters, Michael Cerveris, Will Gartshore and Eleasha Gamble. In 1989, in response to DC's theater scene that was dominated by large venues that presented mostly traditional plays and the desire to create a \u201csignature\u201d brand of provocative works, graphic designer and performer Eric Schaeffer founded Signature Theatre with actor Donna Migliaccio. Signature first began in Arlington county's Gunston Middle School auditorium, and in 1991 Signature presented their first production of a musical, Sweeney Todd, a stand-out hit, that put Signature on the map, earned four Helen Hayes Awards and solidified Signature\u2019s (and Eric Schaeffer\u2019s) reputation as an intrepid producer of Stephen Sondheim\u2019s work.", "Saturday Night (musical) Saturday Night is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and the book by brothers Julius J. Epstein and Philip G. Epstein, based on their play, \"Front Porch in Flatbush\". The musical was expected to open on Broadway in 1954-1955, but because of the lead producer's death, it was not produced. Following a student production, it was staged at the Bridewell Theatre, London in 1997 and then in Chicago in 1999 and Off-Broadway in 2000. The musical also ran in the West End in 2009. \"Saturday Night\" was scheduled to open in the 1954-55 Broadway season. Announcements of the production appeared in the \"New York Times\", and auditions were held in mid-1955, following some revisions to the music brought about by backers' auditions. In the summer of 1955, it appeared that \"Saturday Night\" would be Sondheim's musical debut on Broadway that fall. However, in August 1955, lead producer Lemuel Ayers died, leaving the production with little morale and even less cash. The production was scrapped, and the musical material shelved. The show nearly made it Broadway in 1960, after Jule Styne decided to revive it after working with Sondheim on \"Gypsy\". However, during the audition process, Sondheim halted proceedings due to feeling that his compositional level had outstripped what he had written six years previously. Although a handful of songs from the musical have appeared in revues and on Sondheim compilation albums, the score as a whole went unperformed until 1997. The Stephen Sondheim Society supported the first ever fully staged performance of the musical at the University of Birmingham, having been given permission to stage the show by Sondheim himself.", "The Sondheim Review The Sondheim Review was a quarterly magazine published in Chicago, United States, by Ray Birks starting in 1994. Per its tagline, it was \"Dedicated to the work of the Musical Theatre's foremost composer and lyricist,\" Stephen Sondheim. It was originally edited by Paul Salsini; starting in 2004, Cincinnati theatre critic Rick Pender became its managing editor; its editorial board included Chicago theatre columnist John Olson, drama critic and university professor Eric Grode, university professor Paul M. Puccio, and theater journalist Russell M. Dembin. Sondheim wrote occasional short items for the magazine, although he was not formally connected with the magazine. \"The Sondheim Review\" ceased publication in early in 2016; the Website is defunct and many subscribers did not receive refunds from the publisher for their 2016-2017 subscription season. At present, www.sondheimreview.com uses an invalid security certificate that expired on December 19, 2016 6:59PM \"The Sondheim Review\" maintained a low-activity web site that included one free article from each issue and a list of upcoming Sondheim productions primarily in the United States and Canada. The magazine had subscribers in more 25 countries, as Sondheim's work is widely acclaimed and respected, even in non-English speaking countries. Rick Pender, former Managing Editor of the \"Review\", established the website \"Everything Sondheim\" in 2016, envisioned as a \"go-to source of news, information, commentary and analysis for musical theater enthusiasts who admire the works and career of composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim\". Operation of \"Everything Sondheim\" ceased on December 31, 2017 as the \"anticipated financial model did not succeed\".", "\"Sings the Stephen Sondheim Songbook\" (1988); Cleo Laine \"Cleo Sings Sondheim\" (1988); Dorothy Loudon \"The Stephen Sondheim Album\" (2000); Elaine Stritch \"At Liberty\" (2002) and \"Sondheim the Birthday Concert\" (2010); Elaine Paige \"2011 Broadway Revival Cast Recording\"; and Shirley Bassey \" Hello Like Before\" (2014). The character Frederica Norman, played by Patti LuPone, sang the song in Pose (TV series), season 2, episode 6. The character Doris Mann, played by Shirley MacLaine, sang the song in \"Postcards from the Edge\". At the request of director Mike Nichols, Stephen Sondheim wrote special lyrics for MacLaine to sing in the film. The character Lillian Bennett, played by Carol Burnett, sang the song in \"Touched by an Angel\" season 4, episode 10: \"The Comeback.\" The character Kurt Hummel, played by Chris Colfer, sang the song in a \"Glee\" episode in a Sondheim tribute episode in season five. TVLine gave the performance an A.", "Six by Sondheim Six by Sondheim is an HBO television documentary which pays tribute to Broadway composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim. The film was directed and co-produced by James Lapine, based on an idea by Frank Rich and \"centers on the backstory of six great Sondheim songs.\" The film has performances of six of Sondheim's signature songs: In the documentary, Sondheim himself performs along with Audra McDonald, Jeremy Jordan, Darren Criss, America Ferrera, Jackie Hoffman and Laura Osnes. The documentary contains archival footage as well as footage shot for a revue of Sondheim's music that played on Broadway in 2010 titled \"Sondheim on Sondheim\". The documentary consists of both original short films of several of the songs plus existing material. For example, Lapine directed the part on \"Opening Doors\" which features Criss, Jordan, Ferrera, and Osnes; Todd Haynes directed the film on \"I'm Still Here\" which has Jarvis Cocker; and Autumn De Wilde directed McDonald and Will Swenson in \"Send in the Clowns. \" The film was edited by Miky Wolf who gave an interview to \"The Red Room Podcast\" on episode 68. This interview was then published in the Summer 2014 \"The Sondheim Review\". National Public Radio highly recommended the documentary stating that \"Six\" is \"a superbly compiled work, overseen by two of the people most intimately familiar with the composer himself... If you're new to the works of Stephen Sondheim, this TV special should entice you. If you're already a fan, it should delight you.\" TV Guide stated, \"Sondheim exults in the 'agonizing fun' of his craft. We can only marvel at the results."], "answer": {"text": "What she did for five years was treat me like dirt, but come on to me at the same time.", "answer_start": 500}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Stephen Sondheim do in his early years?", "answer": {"text": "When he lived in New York, Sondheim attended ECFS, the Ethical Culture Fieldston School known simply as \"Fieldston.\"", "answer_start": 533, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he graduate?", "answer": {"text": "He later attended the New York Military Academy and George School, a private Quaker preparatory school in Bucks County, Pennsylvania", "answer_start": 650, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he join the military?", "answer": {"text": "He later attended the New York Military Academy", "answer_start": 650, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Sondheim detested his mother, who was said to be psychologically abusive and projected her anger from her failed marriage on her son:", "answer_start": 224, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_050a40ff55ed4bb79eb83fac1e62f98a_1_q#5", "question": "Where was his father?", "rewrite": "Where was Stephen Sondheim's father?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Saturday Night (musical) Saturday Night is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and the book by brothers Julius J. Epstein and Philip G. Epstein, based on their play, \"Front Porch in Flatbush\". The musical was expected to open on Broadway in 1954-1955, but because of the lead producer's death, it was not produced. Following a student production, it was staged at the Bridewell Theatre, London in 1997 and then in Chicago in 1999 and Off-Broadway in 2000. The musical also ran in the West End in 2009. \"Saturday Night\" was scheduled to open in the 1954-55 Broadway season. Announcements of the production appeared in the \"New York Times\", and auditions were held in mid-1955, following some revisions to the music brought about by backers' auditions. In the summer of 1955, it appeared that \"Saturday Night\" would be Sondheim's musical debut on Broadway that fall. However, in August 1955, lead producer Lemuel Ayers died, leaving the production with little morale and even less cash. The production was scrapped, and the musical material shelved. The show nearly made it Broadway in 1960, after Jule Styne decided to revive it after working with Sondheim on \"Gypsy\". However, during the audition process, Sondheim halted proceedings due to feeling that his compositional level had outstripped what he had written six years previously. Although a handful of songs from the musical have appeared in revues and on Sondheim compilation albums, the score as a whole went unperformed until 1997. The Stephen Sondheim Society supported the first ever fully staged performance of the musical at the University of Birmingham, having been given permission to stage the show by Sondheim himself.", "Six by Sondheim Six by Sondheim is an HBO television documentary which pays tribute to Broadway composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim. The film was directed and co-produced by James Lapine, based on an idea by Frank Rich and \"centers on the backstory of six great Sondheim songs.\" The film has performances of six of Sondheim's signature songs: In the documentary, Sondheim himself performs along with Audra McDonald, Jeremy Jordan, Darren Criss, America Ferrera, Jackie Hoffman and Laura Osnes. The documentary contains archival footage as well as footage shot for a revue of Sondheim's music that played on Broadway in 2010 titled \"Sondheim on Sondheim\". The documentary consists of both original short films of several of the songs plus existing material. For example, Lapine directed the part on \"Opening Doors\" which features Criss, Jordan, Ferrera, and Osnes; Todd Haynes directed the film on \"I'm Still Here\" which has Jarvis Cocker; and Autumn De Wilde directed McDonald and Will Swenson in \"Send in the Clowns. \" The film was edited by Miky Wolf who gave an interview to \"The Red Room Podcast\" on episode 68. This interview was then published in the Summer 2014 \"The Sondheim Review\". National Public Radio highly recommended the documentary stating that \"Six\" is \"a superbly compiled work, overseen by two of the people most intimately familiar with the composer himself... If you're new to the works of Stephen Sondheim, this TV special should entice you. If you're already a fan, it should delight you.\" TV Guide stated, \"Sondheim exults in the 'agonizing fun' of his craft. We can only marvel at the results.", "The Sondheim Review The Sondheim Review was a quarterly magazine published in Chicago, United States, by Ray Birks starting in 1994. Per its tagline, it was \"Dedicated to the work of the Musical Theatre's foremost composer and lyricist,\" Stephen Sondheim. It was originally edited by Paul Salsini; starting in 2004, Cincinnati theatre critic Rick Pender became its managing editor; its editorial board included Chicago theatre columnist John Olson, drama critic and university professor Eric Grode, university professor Paul M. Puccio, and theater journalist Russell M. Dembin. Sondheim wrote occasional short items for the magazine, although he was not formally connected with the magazine. \"The Sondheim Review\" ceased publication in early in 2016; the Website is defunct and many subscribers did not receive refunds from the publisher for their 2016-2017 subscription season. At present, www.sondheimreview.com uses an invalid security certificate that expired on December 19, 2016 6:59PM \"The Sondheim Review\" maintained a low-activity web site that included one free article from each issue and a list of upcoming Sondheim productions primarily in the United States and Canada. The magazine had subscribers in more 25 countries, as Sondheim's work is widely acclaimed and respected, even in non-English speaking countries. Rick Pender, former Managing Editor of the \"Review\", established the website \"Everything Sondheim\" in 2016, envisioned as a \"go-to source of news, information, commentary and analysis for musical theater enthusiasts who admire the works and career of composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim\". Operation of \"Everything Sondheim\" ceased on December 31, 2017 as the \"anticipated financial model did not succeed\".", "Signature Theatre (Arlington, Virginia) Signature Theatre is a Tony Award winning regional theater company based in Arlington, Virginia. Founded in 1989, Signature Theatre is known for its productions of contemporary musicals and plays, reinventions of classic musicals, and development of new work. Under the leadership of Co-Founder and Artistic Director Eric D. Schaeffer and Managing Director Maggie Boland, the company has staged 56 world premiere productions, including 19 new musical commissions. Signature is home to the single largest musical theater commissioning project in the United States, The American Musical Voices Project. Cameron Mackintosh, Terrence McNally, James Lapine, John Kander, and Fred Ebb are among those that have presented works here. Since 1991, Signature has had a long relationship with Stephen Sondheim, producing 30 of his musicals, revues and concerts\u2014more than any other professional theater in the country. The theatre established a Sondheim Award \"as a tribute to America's most influential contemporary musical theatre composer\". The first award, to Stephen Sondheim, was presented at an April 27, 2009 benefit with performances by Bernadette Peters, Michael Cerveris, Will Gartshore and Eleasha Gamble. In 1989, in response to DC's theater scene that was dominated by large venues that presented mostly traditional plays and the desire to create a \u201csignature\u201d brand of provocative works, graphic designer and performer Eric Schaeffer founded Signature Theatre with actor Donna Migliaccio. Signature first began in Arlington county's Gunston Middle School auditorium, and in 1991 Signature presented their first production of a musical, Sweeney Todd, a stand-out hit, that put Signature on the map, earned four Helen Hayes Awards and solidified Signature\u2019s (and Eric Schaeffer\u2019s) reputation as an intrepid producer of Stephen Sondheim\u2019s work.", "\"Sings the Stephen Sondheim Songbook\" (1988); Cleo Laine \"Cleo Sings Sondheim\" (1988); Dorothy Loudon \"The Stephen Sondheim Album\" (2000); Elaine Stritch \"At Liberty\" (2002) and \"Sondheim the Birthday Concert\" (2010); Elaine Paige \"2011 Broadway Revival Cast Recording\"; and Shirley Bassey \" Hello Like Before\" (2014). The character Frederica Norman, played by Patti LuPone, sang the song in Pose (TV series), season 2, episode 6. The character Doris Mann, played by Shirley MacLaine, sang the song in \"Postcards from the Edge\". At the request of director Mike Nichols, Stephen Sondheim wrote special lyrics for MacLaine to sing in the film. The character Lillian Bennett, played by Carol Burnett, sang the song in \"Touched by an Angel\" season 4, episode 10: \"The Comeback.\" The character Kurt Hummel, played by Chris Colfer, sang the song in a \"Glee\" episode in a Sondheim tribute episode in season five. TVLine gave the performance an A."], "answer": {"text": "When Sondheim was ten, his father (already a distant figure) left his mother for another woman (Alicia, with whom he had two sons).", "answer_start": 1239}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Stephen Sondheim do in his early years?", "answer": {"text": "When he lived in New York, Sondheim attended ECFS, the Ethical Culture Fieldston School known simply as \"Fieldston.\"", "answer_start": 533, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he graduate?", "answer": {"text": "He later attended the New York Military Academy and George School, a private Quaker preparatory school in Bucks County, Pennsylvania", "answer_start": 650, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he join the military?", "answer": {"text": "He later attended the New York Military Academy", "answer_start": 650, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Sondheim detested his mother, who was said to be psychologically abusive and projected her anger from her failed marriage on her son:", "answer_start": 224, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did his mother abuse him?", "answer": {"text": "What she did for five years was treat me like dirt, but come on to me at the same time.", "answer_start": 500, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_050a40ff55ed4bb79eb83fac1e62f98a_1_q#6", "question": "Was his father involved in his life?", "rewrite": "Was Stephen Sondheim's father involved in his life?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["\"Sings the Stephen Sondheim Songbook\" (1988); Cleo Laine \"Cleo Sings Sondheim\" (1988); Dorothy Loudon \"The Stephen Sondheim Album\" (2000); Elaine Stritch \"At Liberty\" (2002) and \"Sondheim the Birthday Concert\" (2010); Elaine Paige \"2011 Broadway Revival Cast Recording\"; and Shirley Bassey \" Hello Like Before\" (2014). The character Frederica Norman, played by Patti LuPone, sang the song in Pose (TV series), season 2, episode 6. The character Doris Mann, played by Shirley MacLaine, sang the song in \"Postcards from the Edge\". At the request of director Mike Nichols, Stephen Sondheim wrote special lyrics for MacLaine to sing in the film. The character Lillian Bennett, played by Carol Burnett, sang the song in \"Touched by an Angel\" season 4, episode 10: \"The Comeback.\" The character Kurt Hummel, played by Chris Colfer, sang the song in a \"Glee\" episode in a Sondheim tribute episode in season five. TVLine gave the performance an A.", "Saturday Night (musical) Saturday Night is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and the book by brothers Julius J. Epstein and Philip G. Epstein, based on their play, \"Front Porch in Flatbush\". The musical was expected to open on Broadway in 1954-1955, but because of the lead producer's death, it was not produced. Following a student production, it was staged at the Bridewell Theatre, London in 1997 and then in Chicago in 1999 and Off-Broadway in 2000. The musical also ran in the West End in 2009. \"Saturday Night\" was scheduled to open in the 1954-55 Broadway season. Announcements of the production appeared in the \"New York Times\", and auditions were held in mid-1955, following some revisions to the music brought about by backers' auditions. In the summer of 1955, it appeared that \"Saturday Night\" would be Sondheim's musical debut on Broadway that fall. However, in August 1955, lead producer Lemuel Ayers died, leaving the production with little morale and even less cash. The production was scrapped, and the musical material shelved. The show nearly made it Broadway in 1960, after Jule Styne decided to revive it after working with Sondheim on \"Gypsy\". However, during the audition process, Sondheim halted proceedings due to feeling that his compositional level had outstripped what he had written six years previously. Although a handful of songs from the musical have appeared in revues and on Sondheim compilation albums, the score as a whole went unperformed until 1997. The Stephen Sondheim Society supported the first ever fully staged performance of the musical at the University of Birmingham, having been given permission to stage the show by Sondheim himself.", "The Sondheim Review The Sondheim Review was a quarterly magazine published in Chicago, United States, by Ray Birks starting in 1994. Per its tagline, it was \"Dedicated to the work of the Musical Theatre's foremost composer and lyricist,\" Stephen Sondheim. It was originally edited by Paul Salsini; starting in 2004, Cincinnati theatre critic Rick Pender became its managing editor; its editorial board included Chicago theatre columnist John Olson, drama critic and university professor Eric Grode, university professor Paul M. Puccio, and theater journalist Russell M. Dembin. Sondheim wrote occasional short items for the magazine, although he was not formally connected with the magazine. \"The Sondheim Review\" ceased publication in early in 2016; the Website is defunct and many subscribers did not receive refunds from the publisher for their 2016-2017 subscription season. At present, www.sondheimreview.com uses an invalid security certificate that expired on December 19, 2016 6:59PM \"The Sondheim Review\" maintained a low-activity web site that included one free article from each issue and a list of upcoming Sondheim productions primarily in the United States and Canada. The magazine had subscribers in more 25 countries, as Sondheim's work is widely acclaimed and respected, even in non-English speaking countries. Rick Pender, former Managing Editor of the \"Review\", established the website \"Everything Sondheim\" in 2016, envisioned as a \"go-to source of news, information, commentary and analysis for musical theater enthusiasts who admire the works and career of composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim\". Operation of \"Everything Sondheim\" ceased on December 31, 2017 as the \"anticipated financial model did not succeed\".", "Signature Theatre (Arlington, Virginia) Signature Theatre is a Tony Award winning regional theater company based in Arlington, Virginia. Founded in 1989, Signature Theatre is known for its productions of contemporary musicals and plays, reinventions of classic musicals, and development of new work. Under the leadership of Co-Founder and Artistic Director Eric D. Schaeffer and Managing Director Maggie Boland, the company has staged 56 world premiere productions, including 19 new musical commissions. Signature is home to the single largest musical theater commissioning project in the United States, The American Musical Voices Project. Cameron Mackintosh, Terrence McNally, James Lapine, John Kander, and Fred Ebb are among those that have presented works here. Since 1991, Signature has had a long relationship with Stephen Sondheim, producing 30 of his musicals, revues and concerts\u2014more than any other professional theater in the country. The theatre established a Sondheim Award \"as a tribute to America's most influential contemporary musical theatre composer\". The first award, to Stephen Sondheim, was presented at an April 27, 2009 benefit with performances by Bernadette Peters, Michael Cerveris, Will Gartshore and Eleasha Gamble. In 1989, in response to DC's theater scene that was dominated by large venues that presented mostly traditional plays and the desire to create a \u201csignature\u201d brand of provocative works, graphic designer and performer Eric Schaeffer founded Signature Theatre with actor Donna Migliaccio. Signature first began in Arlington county's Gunston Middle School auditorium, and in 1991 Signature presented their first production of a musical, Sweeney Todd, a stand-out hit, that put Signature on the map, earned four Helen Hayes Awards and solidified Signature\u2019s (and Eric Schaeffer\u2019s) reputation as an intrepid producer of Stephen Sondheim\u2019s work.", "Six by Sondheim Six by Sondheim is an HBO television documentary which pays tribute to Broadway composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim. The film was directed and co-produced by James Lapine, based on an idea by Frank Rich and \"centers on the backstory of six great Sondheim songs.\" The film has performances of six of Sondheim's signature songs: In the documentary, Sondheim himself performs along with Audra McDonald, Jeremy Jordan, Darren Criss, America Ferrera, Jackie Hoffman and Laura Osnes. The documentary contains archival footage as well as footage shot for a revue of Sondheim's music that played on Broadway in 2010 titled \"Sondheim on Sondheim\". The documentary consists of both original short films of several of the songs plus existing material. For example, Lapine directed the part on \"Opening Doors\" which features Criss, Jordan, Ferrera, and Osnes; Todd Haynes directed the film on \"I'm Still Here\" which has Jarvis Cocker; and Autumn De Wilde directed McDonald and Will Swenson in \"Send in the Clowns. \" The film was edited by Miky Wolf who gave an interview to \"The Red Room Podcast\" on episode 68. This interview was then published in the Summer 2014 \"The Sondheim Review\". National Public Radio highly recommended the documentary stating that \"Six\" is \"a superbly compiled work, overseen by two of the people most intimately familiar with the composer himself... If you're new to the works of Stephen Sondheim, this TV special should entice you. If you're already a fan, it should delight you.\" TV Guide stated, \"Sondheim exults in the 'agonizing fun' of his craft. We can only marvel at the results."], "answer": {"text": "Herbert sought custody of Stephen but was unsuccessful.", "answer_start": 1371}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Stephen Sondheim do in his early years?", "answer": {"text": "When he lived in New York, Sondheim attended ECFS, the Ethical Culture Fieldston School known simply as \"Fieldston.\"", "answer_start": 533, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he graduate?", "answer": {"text": "He later attended the New York Military Academy and George School, a private Quaker preparatory school in Bucks County, Pennsylvania", "answer_start": 650, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he join the military?", "answer": {"text": "He later attended the New York Military Academy", "answer_start": 650, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Sondheim detested his mother, who was said to be psychologically abusive and projected her anger from her failed marriage on her son:", "answer_start": 224, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did his mother abuse him?", "answer": {"text": "What she did for five years was treat me like dirt, but come on to me at the same time.", "answer_start": 500, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Where was his father?", "answer": {"text": "When Sondheim was ten, his father (already a distant figure) left his mother for another woman (Alicia, with whom he had two sons).", "answer_start": 1239, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_050a40ff55ed4bb79eb83fac1e62f98a_1_q#7", "question": "Where did he live?", "rewrite": "Where did Stephen Sondheim live?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Signature Theatre (Arlington, Virginia) Signature Theatre is a Tony Award winning regional theater company based in Arlington, Virginia. Founded in 1989, Signature Theatre is known for its productions of contemporary musicals and plays, reinventions of classic musicals, and development of new work. Under the leadership of Co-Founder and Artistic Director Eric D. Schaeffer and Managing Director Maggie Boland, the company has staged 56 world premiere productions, including 19 new musical commissions. Signature is home to the single largest musical theater commissioning project in the United States, The American Musical Voices Project. Cameron Mackintosh, Terrence McNally, James Lapine, John Kander, and Fred Ebb are among those that have presented works here. Since 1991, Signature has had a long relationship with Stephen Sondheim, producing 30 of his musicals, revues and concerts\u2014more than any other professional theater in the country. The theatre established a Sondheim Award \"as a tribute to America's most influential contemporary musical theatre composer\". The first award, to Stephen Sondheim, was presented at an April 27, 2009 benefit with performances by Bernadette Peters, Michael Cerveris, Will Gartshore and Eleasha Gamble. In 1989, in response to DC's theater scene that was dominated by large venues that presented mostly traditional plays and the desire to create a \u201csignature\u201d brand of provocative works, graphic designer and performer Eric Schaeffer founded Signature Theatre with actor Donna Migliaccio. Signature first began in Arlington county's Gunston Middle School auditorium, and in 1991 Signature presented their first production of a musical, Sweeney Todd, a stand-out hit, that put Signature on the map, earned four Helen Hayes Awards and solidified Signature\u2019s (and Eric Schaeffer\u2019s) reputation as an intrepid producer of Stephen Sondheim\u2019s work.", "\"Sings the Stephen Sondheim Songbook\" (1988); Cleo Laine \"Cleo Sings Sondheim\" (1988); Dorothy Loudon \"The Stephen Sondheim Album\" (2000); Elaine Stritch \"At Liberty\" (2002) and \"Sondheim the Birthday Concert\" (2010); Elaine Paige \"2011 Broadway Revival Cast Recording\"; and Shirley Bassey \" Hello Like Before\" (2014). The character Frederica Norman, played by Patti LuPone, sang the song in Pose (TV series), season 2, episode 6. The character Doris Mann, played by Shirley MacLaine, sang the song in \"Postcards from the Edge\". At the request of director Mike Nichols, Stephen Sondheim wrote special lyrics for MacLaine to sing in the film. The character Lillian Bennett, played by Carol Burnett, sang the song in \"Touched by an Angel\" season 4, episode 10: \"The Comeback.\" The character Kurt Hummel, played by Chris Colfer, sang the song in a \"Glee\" episode in a Sondheim tribute episode in season five. TVLine gave the performance an A.", "The Sondheim Review The Sondheim Review was a quarterly magazine published in Chicago, United States, by Ray Birks starting in 1994. Per its tagline, it was \"Dedicated to the work of the Musical Theatre's foremost composer and lyricist,\" Stephen Sondheim. It was originally edited by Paul Salsini; starting in 2004, Cincinnati theatre critic Rick Pender became its managing editor; its editorial board included Chicago theatre columnist John Olson, drama critic and university professor Eric Grode, university professor Paul M. Puccio, and theater journalist Russell M. Dembin. Sondheim wrote occasional short items for the magazine, although he was not formally connected with the magazine. \"The Sondheim Review\" ceased publication in early in 2016; the Website is defunct and many subscribers did not receive refunds from the publisher for their 2016-2017 subscription season. At present, www.sondheimreview.com uses an invalid security certificate that expired on December 19, 2016 6:59PM \"The Sondheim Review\" maintained a low-activity web site that included one free article from each issue and a list of upcoming Sondheim productions primarily in the United States and Canada. The magazine had subscribers in more 25 countries, as Sondheim's work is widely acclaimed and respected, even in non-English speaking countries. Rick Pender, former Managing Editor of the \"Review\", established the website \"Everything Sondheim\" in 2016, envisioned as a \"go-to source of news, information, commentary and analysis for musical theater enthusiasts who admire the works and career of composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim\". Operation of \"Everything Sondheim\" ceased on December 31, 2017 as the \"anticipated financial model did not succeed\".", "Six by Sondheim Six by Sondheim is an HBO television documentary which pays tribute to Broadway composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim. The film was directed and co-produced by James Lapine, based on an idea by Frank Rich and \"centers on the backstory of six great Sondheim songs.\" The film has performances of six of Sondheim's signature songs: In the documentary, Sondheim himself performs along with Audra McDonald, Jeremy Jordan, Darren Criss, America Ferrera, Jackie Hoffman and Laura Osnes. The documentary contains archival footage as well as footage shot for a revue of Sondheim's music that played on Broadway in 2010 titled \"Sondheim on Sondheim\". The documentary consists of both original short films of several of the songs plus existing material. For example, Lapine directed the part on \"Opening Doors\" which features Criss, Jordan, Ferrera, and Osnes; Todd Haynes directed the film on \"I'm Still Here\" which has Jarvis Cocker; and Autumn De Wilde directed McDonald and Will Swenson in \"Send in the Clowns. \" The film was edited by Miky Wolf who gave an interview to \"The Red Room Podcast\" on episode 68. This interview was then published in the Summer 2014 \"The Sondheim Review\". National Public Radio highly recommended the documentary stating that \"Six\" is \"a superbly compiled work, overseen by two of the people most intimately familiar with the composer himself... If you're new to the works of Stephen Sondheim, this TV special should entice you. If you're already a fan, it should delight you.\" TV Guide stated, \"Sondheim exults in the 'agonizing fun' of his craft. We can only marvel at the results.", "Saturday Night (musical) Saturday Night is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and the book by brothers Julius J. Epstein and Philip G. Epstein, based on their play, \"Front Porch in Flatbush\". The musical was expected to open on Broadway in 1954-1955, but because of the lead producer's death, it was not produced. Following a student production, it was staged at the Bridewell Theatre, London in 1997 and then in Chicago in 1999 and Off-Broadway in 2000. The musical also ran in the West End in 2009. \"Saturday Night\" was scheduled to open in the 1954-55 Broadway season. Announcements of the production appeared in the \"New York Times\", and auditions were held in mid-1955, following some revisions to the music brought about by backers' auditions. In the summer of 1955, it appeared that \"Saturday Night\" would be Sondheim's musical debut on Broadway that fall. However, in August 1955, lead producer Lemuel Ayers died, leaving the production with little morale and even less cash. The production was scrapped, and the musical material shelved. The show nearly made it Broadway in 1960, after Jule Styne decided to revive it after working with Sondheim on \"Gypsy\". However, during the audition process, Sondheim halted proceedings due to feeling that his compositional level had outstripped what he had written six years previously. Although a handful of songs from the musical have appeared in revues and on Sondheim compilation albums, the score as a whole went unperformed until 1997. The Stephen Sondheim Society supported the first ever fully staged performance of the musical at the University of Birmingham, having been given permission to stage the show by Sondheim himself."], "answer": {"text": "Sondheim was born into a Jewish family in New York City,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Stephen Sondheim do in his early years?", "answer": {"text": "When he lived in New York, Sondheim attended ECFS, the Ethical Culture Fieldston School known simply as \"Fieldston.\"", "answer_start": 533, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he graduate?", "answer": {"text": "He later attended the New York Military Academy and George School, a private Quaker preparatory school in Bucks County, Pennsylvania", "answer_start": 650, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he join the military?", "answer": {"text": "He later attended the New York Military Academy", "answer_start": 650, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Sondheim detested his mother, who was said to be psychologically abusive and projected her anger from her failed marriage on her son:", "answer_start": 224, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did his mother abuse him?", "answer": {"text": "What she did for five years was treat me like dirt, but come on to me at the same time.", "answer_start": 500, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Where was his father?", "answer": {"text": "When Sondheim was ten, his father (already a distant figure) left his mother for another woman (Alicia, with whom he had two sons).", "answer_start": 1239, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was his father involved in his life?", "answer": {"text": "Herbert sought custody of Stephen but was unsuccessful.", "answer_start": 1371, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_050a40ff55ed4bb79eb83fac1e62f98a_1_q#8", "question": "Did he remain in NYC?", "rewrite": "Did Stephen Sondheim remain in NYC?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["\"Sings the Stephen Sondheim Songbook\" (1988); Cleo Laine \"Cleo Sings Sondheim\" (1988); Dorothy Loudon \"The Stephen Sondheim Album\" (2000); Elaine Stritch \"At Liberty\" (2002) and \"Sondheim the Birthday Concert\" (2010); Elaine Paige \"2011 Broadway Revival Cast Recording\"; and Shirley Bassey \" Hello Like Before\" (2014). The character Frederica Norman, played by Patti LuPone, sang the song in Pose (TV series), season 2, episode 6. The character Doris Mann, played by Shirley MacLaine, sang the song in \"Postcards from the Edge\". At the request of director Mike Nichols, Stephen Sondheim wrote special lyrics for MacLaine to sing in the film. The character Lillian Bennett, played by Carol Burnett, sang the song in \"Touched by an Angel\" season 4, episode 10: \"The Comeback.\" The character Kurt Hummel, played by Chris Colfer, sang the song in a \"Glee\" episode in a Sondheim tribute episode in season five. TVLine gave the performance an A.", "Signature Theatre (Arlington, Virginia) Signature Theatre is a Tony Award winning regional theater company based in Arlington, Virginia. Founded in 1989, Signature Theatre is known for its productions of contemporary musicals and plays, reinventions of classic musicals, and development of new work. Under the leadership of Co-Founder and Artistic Director Eric D. Schaeffer and Managing Director Maggie Boland, the company has staged 56 world premiere productions, including 19 new musical commissions. Signature is home to the single largest musical theater commissioning project in the United States, The American Musical Voices Project. Cameron Mackintosh, Terrence McNally, James Lapine, John Kander, and Fred Ebb are among those that have presented works here. Since 1991, Signature has had a long relationship with Stephen Sondheim, producing 30 of his musicals, revues and concerts\u2014more than any other professional theater in the country. The theatre established a Sondheim Award \"as a tribute to America's most influential contemporary musical theatre composer\". The first award, to Stephen Sondheim, was presented at an April 27, 2009 benefit with performances by Bernadette Peters, Michael Cerveris, Will Gartshore and Eleasha Gamble. In 1989, in response to DC's theater scene that was dominated by large venues that presented mostly traditional plays and the desire to create a \u201csignature\u201d brand of provocative works, graphic designer and performer Eric Schaeffer founded Signature Theatre with actor Donna Migliaccio. Signature first began in Arlington county's Gunston Middle School auditorium, and in 1991 Signature presented their first production of a musical, Sweeney Todd, a stand-out hit, that put Signature on the map, earned four Helen Hayes Awards and solidified Signature\u2019s (and Eric Schaeffer\u2019s) reputation as an intrepid producer of Stephen Sondheim\u2019s work.", "Six by Sondheim Six by Sondheim is an HBO television documentary which pays tribute to Broadway composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim. The film was directed and co-produced by James Lapine, based on an idea by Frank Rich and \"centers on the backstory of six great Sondheim songs.\" The film has performances of six of Sondheim's signature songs: In the documentary, Sondheim himself performs along with Audra McDonald, Jeremy Jordan, Darren Criss, America Ferrera, Jackie Hoffman and Laura Osnes. The documentary contains archival footage as well as footage shot for a revue of Sondheim's music that played on Broadway in 2010 titled \"Sondheim on Sondheim\". The documentary consists of both original short films of several of the songs plus existing material. For example, Lapine directed the part on \"Opening Doors\" which features Criss, Jordan, Ferrera, and Osnes; Todd Haynes directed the film on \"I'm Still Here\" which has Jarvis Cocker; and Autumn De Wilde directed McDonald and Will Swenson in \"Send in the Clowns. \" The film was edited by Miky Wolf who gave an interview to \"The Red Room Podcast\" on episode 68. This interview was then published in the Summer 2014 \"The Sondheim Review\". National Public Radio highly recommended the documentary stating that \"Six\" is \"a superbly compiled work, overseen by two of the people most intimately familiar with the composer himself... If you're new to the works of Stephen Sondheim, this TV special should entice you. If you're already a fan, it should delight you.\" TV Guide stated, \"Sondheim exults in the 'agonizing fun' of his craft. We can only marvel at the results.", "The Sondheim Review The Sondheim Review was a quarterly magazine published in Chicago, United States, by Ray Birks starting in 1994. Per its tagline, it was \"Dedicated to the work of the Musical Theatre's foremost composer and lyricist,\" Stephen Sondheim. It was originally edited by Paul Salsini; starting in 2004, Cincinnati theatre critic Rick Pender became its managing editor; its editorial board included Chicago theatre columnist John Olson, drama critic and university professor Eric Grode, university professor Paul M. Puccio, and theater journalist Russell M. Dembin. Sondheim wrote occasional short items for the magazine, although he was not formally connected with the magazine. \"The Sondheim Review\" ceased publication in early in 2016; the Website is defunct and many subscribers did not receive refunds from the publisher for their 2016-2017 subscription season. At present, www.sondheimreview.com uses an invalid security certificate that expired on December 19, 2016 6:59PM \"The Sondheim Review\" maintained a low-activity web site that included one free article from each issue and a list of upcoming Sondheim productions primarily in the United States and Canada. The magazine had subscribers in more 25 countries, as Sondheim's work is widely acclaimed and respected, even in non-English speaking countries. Rick Pender, former Managing Editor of the \"Review\", established the website \"Everything Sondheim\" in 2016, envisioned as a \"go-to source of news, information, commentary and analysis for musical theater enthusiasts who admire the works and career of composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim\". Operation of \"Everything Sondheim\" ceased on December 31, 2017 as the \"anticipated financial model did not succeed\".", "Saturday Night (musical) Saturday Night is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and the book by brothers Julius J. Epstein and Philip G. Epstein, based on their play, \"Front Porch in Flatbush\". The musical was expected to open on Broadway in 1954-1955, but because of the lead producer's death, it was not produced. Following a student production, it was staged at the Bridewell Theatre, London in 1997 and then in Chicago in 1999 and Off-Broadway in 2000. The musical also ran in the West End in 2009. \"Saturday Night\" was scheduled to open in the 1954-55 Broadway season. Announcements of the production appeared in the \"New York Times\", and auditions were held in mid-1955, following some revisions to the music brought about by backers' auditions. In the summer of 1955, it appeared that \"Saturday Night\" would be Sondheim's musical debut on Broadway that fall. However, in August 1955, lead producer Lemuel Ayers died, leaving the production with little morale and even less cash. The production was scrapped, and the musical material shelved. The show nearly made it Broadway in 1960, after Jule Styne decided to revive it after working with Sondheim on \"Gypsy\". However, during the audition process, Sondheim halted proceedings due to feeling that his compositional level had outstripped what he had written six years previously. Although a handful of songs from the musical have appeared in revues and on Sondheim compilation albums, the score as a whole went unperformed until 1997. The Stephen Sondheim Society supported the first ever fully staged performance of the musical at the University of Birmingham, having been given permission to stage the show by Sondheim himself."], "answer": {"text": "The composer grew up on the Upper West Side of Manhattan and, after his parents divorced, on a farm near Doylestown, Pennsylvania.", "answer_start": 198}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Stephen Sondheim do in his early years?", "answer": {"text": "When he lived in New York, Sondheim attended ECFS, the Ethical Culture Fieldston School known simply as \"Fieldston.\"", "answer_start": 533, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he graduate?", "answer": {"text": "He later attended the New York Military Academy and George School, a private Quaker preparatory school in Bucks County, Pennsylvania", "answer_start": 650, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he join the military?", "answer": {"text": "He later attended the New York Military Academy", "answer_start": 650, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Sondheim detested his mother, who was said to be psychologically abusive and projected her anger from her failed marriage on her son:", "answer_start": 224, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did his mother abuse him?", "answer": {"text": "What she did for five years was treat me like dirt, but come on to me at the same time.", "answer_start": 500, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Where was his father?", "answer": {"text": "When Sondheim was ten, his father (already a distant figure) left his mother for another woman (Alicia, with whom he had two sons).", "answer_start": 1239, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was his father involved in his life?", "answer": {"text": "Herbert sought custody of Stephen but was unsuccessful.", "answer_start": 1371, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he live?", "answer": {"text": "Sondheim was born into a Jewish family in New York City,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2985cbe0b4004399aa1b2481beac2f2e_1_q#0", "question": "Did Stanley Donen become an MGM contract director?", "rewrite": "Did Stanley Donen become an MGM contract director?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Maurice Binder Maurice Binder (December 4, 1918 \u2013 April 9, 1991) was an American film title designer best known for his work on 14 James Bond films including the first, \" Dr. No\" (1962) and for Stanley Donen's films from 1958. He was born in New York City, but mostly worked in Britain from the 1950s onwards. He did his first film title design for Stanley Donen's \"Indiscreet\" (1958). The Bond producers first approached him after being impressed by his title designs for the Donen comedy film \" The Grass Is Greener\" (1960). Binder also provided sequences for Donen for \"Charade\" (1963) and \"Arabesque\" (1966), both accompanying music by Henry Mancini. Binder created the signature gun barrel sequence for the opening titles of the first Bond film, \"Dr. No\" (1962). Binder originally planned to employ a camera sighted down the barrel of a .38 calibre gun, but this caused some problems. Unable to stop down the lens of a standard camera enough to bring the entire gun barrel into focus, Binder created a pinhole camera to solve the problem and the barrel became crystal clear. Binder described the genesis of the gun barrel sequence in the last interview he recorded before he died in 1991: At least one critic has also observed that the sequence recalls the gun fired at the audience at the end of \"The Great Train Robbery\" (1903). Binder is also known for featuring women performing a variety of activities such as dancing, jumping on a trampoline, or shooting weapons in his work. Both sequences are trademarks and staples of the James Bond films. Maurice Binder was succeeded by Daniel Kleinman as the title designer for \"GoldenEye\" (1995).", "Comden and Green wrote the songs with Andr\u00e9 Previn providing the music as well as the accompanying score; it was his second major assignment on an MGM film, after \"Bad Day\". Kelly asked his old friend and collaborator Stanley Donen to co-direct with him. Donen, who had just scored a major success with \"Seven Brides for Seven Brothers\" (with Kidd as choreographer), did not want to go back to collaborating with Kelly, but he reluctantly agreed. The two men clashed over creative differences in the film, with Donen tending to side with Kidd against Kelly. Donen and Kelly never worked together again after this film, and their friendship ended permanently, as Donen later acknowledged. \"It's Always Fair Weather\" received good reviews when it came out, \"Variety\" calling it a \"delightful musical satire\", while Bosley Crowther of \"The New York Times\" said it was a \"bright film\" that spoofed \"the whiskers off TV\". It was also voted one of the year's 10 best films by the NY Film Critics. However, the studio did not open it with the fanfare it had given previous musicals. Instead it was released as part of a drive-in double bill with \"Bad Day at Black Rock\" and the studio did not make their money back. The film's bleakness may have had something to do with it (audiences at the time were not accustomed to unhappy musicals); but also, more Americans were staying at home with television than going to the movies at this time. Andr\u00e9 Previn claims the film's failure had to do with its being a musical: he felt that it would have been a good film had it not had any songs.", "\"We tried it a lot of different ways. And we did a lot of research into the period and the language.\" When they handed the script in, Groskoff sold the film within eighteen hours to 20th Century Fox for $450,000, which was then a record amount for an original screenplay. They were helped by the fact that \"American Graffiti\" had since come out and been a huge success. \" Mike Gruskoff was incredible, just incredible at selling a script,\" said Katz. \" He got it immediately to the heads of the studios and he sold it very, very fast.\" The producer paid the writers $100,000 of the $450,000. The writers wanted Steven Spielberg to direct and he was interested but had made a commitment to do \"Jaws\". Eventually Stanley Donen signed. Donen's fee was $600,000, Grusskoff's was $400,000. Katz said, \"our reaction was, Stanley Donen seems so bizarre for this kind of film! Then we realized he's the ideal director because he is really a romantic director, and he can do this kind of character stuff and the kind of humor that the film has.\" Some changes to the script were made. \"Stanley wanted very much to play up the relationships, the menage-\u00e0-trois,\" said Huyck. \"Which was fine with us. The script was probably overloaded with action since we wanted to sell it. Actually, action is boring to write. We have much more fun with dialogue.\" \"Stanley's big emphasis to us is that you must love the characters,\" said Katz. \" And any place he feels the characters are being lost, he wants us to put in something to develop the characters further. \" The writers said their inspiration for the lead characters were Jean Harlow, Clark Gable and Spencer Tracy.", "Stanley Donen was born in Columbia, South Carolina to Mordecai Moses Donen, a dress-shop manager, and Helen (Cohen), the daughter of a jewelry salesman. His younger sister Carla Donen Davis was born in August 1937. Although born to Jewish parents, he became an atheist in his youth. Donen described his childhood as lonely and unhappy as one of the few Jews in Columbia, and he was occasionally bullied by anti-semitic classmates at school. To help cope with his isolation, he spent much of his youth in local movie theaters and was especially fond of Westerns, comedies and thrillers. The film that had the strongest impact on him was the 1933 Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers musical Flying Down to Rio. Donen said that he \"must have seen the picture thirty or forty times. I was transported into some sort of fantasy world where everything seemed to be happy, comfortable, easy and supported. A sense of well-being filled me.\" He shot and screened home movies with an 8 mm camera and projector that his father bought for him. Inspired by Astaire, Donen took dance lessons in Columbia and performed at the local Town Theater. His family often traveled to New York City during summer vacations where he saw Broadway musicals and took further dance lessons. One of his early instructors in New York was Ned Wayburn, who had taught eleven-year-old Astaire in 1910. After graduating from high school at sixteen, Donen attended the University of South Carolina for one summer semester, studying psychology. Encouraged by his mother, he moved to New York City to pursue dancing on stage in the fall of 1940. After two auditions he was cast as a chorus dancer in the original Broadway production of Rodgers and Hart's Pal Joey, directed by the legendary George Abbott.", "Stanley Donen was born in Columbia, South Carolina to Mordecai Moses Donen, a dress-shop manager, and Helen (Cohen), the daughter of a jewelry salesman. His younger sister Carla Donen Davis was born in August 1937. Although born to Jewish parents, he became an atheist in his youth. Donen described his childhood as lonely and unhappy as one of the few Jews in Columbia, and he was occasionally bullied by anti-semitic classmates at school. To help cope with his isolation, he spent much of his youth in local movie theaters and was especially fond of Westerns, comedies and thrillers. The film that had the strongest impact on him was the 1933 Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers musical Flying Down to Rio. Donen said that he \"must have seen the picture thirty or forty times. I was transported into some sort of fantasy world where everything seemed to be happy, comfortable, easy and supported. A sense of well-being filled me.\" He shot and screened home movies with an 8 mm camera and projector that his father bought for him. Inspired by Astaire, Donen took dance lessons in Columbia and performed at the local Town Theater. His family often traveled to New York City during summer vacations where he saw Broadway musicals and took further dance lessons. One of his early instructors in New York was Ned Wayburn, who had taught eleven-year-old Astaire in 1910. After graduating from high school at sixteen, Donen attended the University of South Carolina for one summer semester, studying psychology. Encouraged by his mother, he moved to New York City to pursue dancing on stage in the fall of 1940. After two auditions he was cast as a chorus dancer in the original Broadway production of Rodgers and Hart's Pal Joey, directed by the legendary George Abbott."], "answer": {"text": "After the success of On the Town, Donen signed a seven-year contract with MGM as a director.", "answer_start": 1022}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_2985cbe0b4004399aa1b2481beac2f2e_1_q#1", "question": "What did he direct", "rewrite": "What did Stanley Donen direct?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"We tried it a lot of different ways. And we did a lot of research into the period and the language.\" When they handed the script in, Groskoff sold the film within eighteen hours to 20th Century Fox for $450,000, which was then a record amount for an original screenplay. They were helped by the fact that \"American Graffiti\" had since come out and been a huge success. \" Mike Gruskoff was incredible, just incredible at selling a script,\" said Katz. \" He got it immediately to the heads of the studios and he sold it very, very fast.\" The producer paid the writers $100,000 of the $450,000. The writers wanted Steven Spielberg to direct and he was interested but had made a commitment to do \"Jaws\". Eventually Stanley Donen signed. Donen's fee was $600,000, Grusskoff's was $400,000. Katz said, \"our reaction was, Stanley Donen seems so bizarre for this kind of film! Then we realized he's the ideal director because he is really a romantic director, and he can do this kind of character stuff and the kind of humor that the film has.\" Some changes to the script were made. \"Stanley wanted very much to play up the relationships, the menage-\u00e0-trois,\" said Huyck. \"Which was fine with us. The script was probably overloaded with action since we wanted to sell it. Actually, action is boring to write. We have much more fun with dialogue.\" \"Stanley's big emphasis to us is that you must love the characters,\" said Katz. \" And any place he feels the characters are being lost, he wants us to put in something to develop the characters further. \" The writers said their inspiration for the lead characters were Jean Harlow, Clark Gable and Spencer Tracy.", "Stanley Donen was born in Columbia, South Carolina to Mordecai Moses Donen, a dress-shop manager, and Helen (Cohen), the daughter of a jewelry salesman. His younger sister Carla Donen Davis was born in August 1937. Although born to Jewish parents, he became an atheist in his youth. Donen described his childhood as lonely and unhappy as one of the few Jews in Columbia, and he was occasionally bullied by anti-semitic classmates at school. To help cope with his isolation, he spent much of his youth in local movie theaters and was especially fond of Westerns, comedies and thrillers. The film that had the strongest impact on him was the 1933 Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers musical Flying Down to Rio. Donen said that he \"must have seen the picture thirty or forty times. I was transported into some sort of fantasy world where everything seemed to be happy, comfortable, easy and supported. A sense of well-being filled me.\" He shot and screened home movies with an 8 mm camera and projector that his father bought for him. Inspired by Astaire, Donen took dance lessons in Columbia and performed at the local Town Theater. His family often traveled to New York City during summer vacations where he saw Broadway musicals and took further dance lessons. One of his early instructors in New York was Ned Wayburn, who had taught eleven-year-old Astaire in 1910. After graduating from high school at sixteen, Donen attended the University of South Carolina for one summer semester, studying psychology. Encouraged by his mother, he moved to New York City to pursue dancing on stage in the fall of 1940. After two auditions he was cast as a chorus dancer in the original Broadway production of Rodgers and Hart's Pal Joey, directed by the legendary George Abbott.", "Maurice Binder Maurice Binder (December 4, 1918 \u2013 April 9, 1991) was an American film title designer best known for his work on 14 James Bond films including the first, \" Dr. No\" (1962) and for Stanley Donen's films from 1958. He was born in New York City, but mostly worked in Britain from the 1950s onwards. He did his first film title design for Stanley Donen's \"Indiscreet\" (1958). The Bond producers first approached him after being impressed by his title designs for the Donen comedy film \" The Grass Is Greener\" (1960). Binder also provided sequences for Donen for \"Charade\" (1963) and \"Arabesque\" (1966), both accompanying music by Henry Mancini. Binder created the signature gun barrel sequence for the opening titles of the first Bond film, \"Dr. No\" (1962). Binder originally planned to employ a camera sighted down the barrel of a .38 calibre gun, but this caused some problems. Unable to stop down the lens of a standard camera enough to bring the entire gun barrel into focus, Binder created a pinhole camera to solve the problem and the barrel became crystal clear. Binder described the genesis of the gun barrel sequence in the last interview he recorded before he died in 1991: At least one critic has also observed that the sequence recalls the gun fired at the audience at the end of \"The Great Train Robbery\" (1903). Binder is also known for featuring women performing a variety of activities such as dancing, jumping on a trampoline, or shooting weapons in his work. Both sequences are trademarks and staples of the James Bond films. Maurice Binder was succeeded by Daniel Kleinman as the title designer for \"GoldenEye\" (1995).", "Workhouse Arts Center The Workhouse Arts Center is a 501(c)(3) non-profit that provides visual and performing arts studio and exhibition space as well as arts education programs. The Workhouse is located in Lorton, Virginia, situated on of land in the Occoquan Workhouse portion of the historic D.C. Department of Corrections Lorton Reformatory. The Workhouse houses over 100 professional and emerging artists as well as cooperative studios, performance and theatre venues, a main gallery building, as well as gallery space in each studio and event facilities. The Workhouse also houses a museum that covers the Workhouse from the reformatory to the arts center. In 2002, 2,324 acres of the Lorton Reformatory were sold to Fairfax County, Virginia for $4.2 million after the correctional facility closed in 2001. Because of the site's prime location next to the Occoquan River and major highways, a comprehensive adaptive re-use study was completed. In 2002 the Lorton Arts Foundation, Inc. proposed a plan to transform the former prison facility into a cultural arts center. The Fairfax County Board of Supervisors approved the rezoning of a 55-acre portion of the former correctional facility to become the Workhouse Arts Center in July, 2004. After several years of planning, adaptive reuse, and rehabilitation of the historic buildings, the Workhouse Arts Center opened to the public in September, 2008. Because of her involvement as a leader of women's suffrage and being a member of the Silent Sentinels that resulted in several arrests including the \"Night of Terror\" (November 15, 1917), Burn's memory was honored with the \"Lucy Burns Museum\" at the Workhouse Arts Center.", "Stanley Donen was born in Columbia, South Carolina to Mordecai Moses Donen, a dress-shop manager, and Helen (Cohen), the daughter of a jewelry salesman. His younger sister Carla Donen Davis was born in August 1937. Although born to Jewish parents, he became an atheist in his youth. Donen described his childhood as lonely and unhappy as one of the few Jews in Columbia, and he was occasionally bullied by anti-semitic classmates at school. To help cope with his isolation, he spent much of his youth in local movie theaters and was especially fond of Westerns, comedies and thrillers. The film that had the strongest impact on him was the 1933 Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers musical Flying Down to Rio. Donen said that he \"must have seen the picture thirty or forty times. I was transported into some sort of fantasy world where everything seemed to be happy, comfortable, easy and supported. A sense of well-being filled me.\" He shot and screened home movies with an 8 mm camera and projector that his father bought for him. Inspired by Astaire, Donen took dance lessons in Columbia and performed at the local Town Theater. His family often traveled to New York City during summer vacations where he saw Broadway musicals and took further dance lessons. One of his early instructors in New York was Ned Wayburn, who had taught eleven-year-old Astaire in 1910. After graduating from high school at sixteen, Donen attended the University of South Carolina for one summer semester, studying psychology. Encouraged by his mother, he moved to New York City to pursue dancing on stage in the fall of 1940. After two auditions he was cast as a chorus dancer in the original Broadway production of Rodgers and Hart's Pal Joey, directed by the legendary George Abbott."], "answer": {"text": "Freed,", "answer_start": 1143}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Stanley Donen become an MGM contract director?", "answer": {"text": "After the success of On the Town, Donen signed a seven-year contract with MGM as a director.", "answer_start": 1022, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_2985cbe0b4004399aa1b2481beac2f2e_1_q#3", "question": "what else did he direct", "rewrite": "What else did Stanley Donen direct aside from Freed?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Workhouse Arts Center The Workhouse Arts Center is a 501(c)(3) non-profit that provides visual and performing arts studio and exhibition space as well as arts education programs. The Workhouse is located in Lorton, Virginia, situated on of land in the Occoquan Workhouse portion of the historic D.C. Department of Corrections Lorton Reformatory. The Workhouse houses over 100 professional and emerging artists as well as cooperative studios, performance and theatre venues, a main gallery building, as well as gallery space in each studio and event facilities. The Workhouse also houses a museum that covers the Workhouse from the reformatory to the arts center. In 2002, 2,324 acres of the Lorton Reformatory were sold to Fairfax County, Virginia for $4.2 million after the correctional facility closed in 2001. Because of the site's prime location next to the Occoquan River and major highways, a comprehensive adaptive re-use study was completed. In 2002 the Lorton Arts Foundation, Inc. proposed a plan to transform the former prison facility into a cultural arts center. The Fairfax County Board of Supervisors approved the rezoning of a 55-acre portion of the former correctional facility to become the Workhouse Arts Center in July, 2004. After several years of planning, adaptive reuse, and rehabilitation of the historic buildings, the Workhouse Arts Center opened to the public in September, 2008. Because of her involvement as a leader of women's suffrage and being a member of the Silent Sentinels that resulted in several arrests including the \"Night of Terror\" (November 15, 1917), Burn's memory was honored with the \"Lucy Burns Museum\" at the Workhouse Arts Center.", "Stanley Donen was born in Columbia, South Carolina to Mordecai Moses Donen, a dress-shop manager, and Helen (Cohen), the daughter of a jewelry salesman. His younger sister Carla Donen Davis was born in August 1937. Although born to Jewish parents, he became an atheist in his youth. Donen described his childhood as lonely and unhappy as one of the few Jews in Columbia, and he was occasionally bullied by anti-semitic classmates at school. To help cope with his isolation, he spent much of his youth in local movie theaters and was especially fond of Westerns, comedies and thrillers. The film that had the strongest impact on him was the 1933 Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers musical Flying Down to Rio. Donen said that he \"must have seen the picture thirty or forty times. I was transported into some sort of fantasy world where everything seemed to be happy, comfortable, easy and supported. A sense of well-being filled me.\" He shot and screened home movies with an 8 mm camera and projector that his father bought for him. Inspired by Astaire, Donen took dance lessons in Columbia and performed at the local Town Theater. His family often traveled to New York City during summer vacations where he saw Broadway musicals and took further dance lessons. One of his early instructors in New York was Ned Wayburn, who had taught eleven-year-old Astaire in 1910. After graduating from high school at sixteen, Donen attended the University of South Carolina for one summer semester, studying psychology. Encouraged by his mother, he moved to New York City to pursue dancing on stage in the fall of 1940. After two auditions he was cast as a chorus dancer in the original Broadway production of Rodgers and Hart's Pal Joey, directed by the legendary George Abbott.", "Stanley Donen was born in Columbia, South Carolina to Mordecai Moses Donen, a dress-shop manager, and Helen (Cohen), the daughter of a jewelry salesman. His younger sister Carla Donen Davis was born in August 1937. Although born to Jewish parents, he became an atheist in his youth. Donen described his childhood as lonely and unhappy as one of the few Jews in Columbia, and he was occasionally bullied by anti-semitic classmates at school. To help cope with his isolation, he spent much of his youth in local movie theaters and was especially fond of Westerns, comedies and thrillers. The film that had the strongest impact on him was the 1933 Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers musical Flying Down to Rio. Donen said that he \"must have seen the picture thirty or forty times. I was transported into some sort of fantasy world where everything seemed to be happy, comfortable, easy and supported. A sense of well-being filled me.\" He shot and screened home movies with an 8 mm camera and projector that his father bought for him. Inspired by Astaire, Donen took dance lessons in Columbia and performed at the local Town Theater. His family often traveled to New York City during summer vacations where he saw Broadway musicals and took further dance lessons. One of his early instructors in New York was Ned Wayburn, who had taught eleven-year-old Astaire in 1910. After graduating from high school at sixteen, Donen attended the University of South Carolina for one summer semester, studying psychology. Encouraged by his mother, he moved to New York City to pursue dancing on stage in the fall of 1940. After two auditions he was cast as a chorus dancer in the original Broadway production of Rodgers and Hart's Pal Joey, directed by the legendary George Abbott.", "\"We tried it a lot of different ways. And we did a lot of research into the period and the language.\" When they handed the script in, Groskoff sold the film within eighteen hours to 20th Century Fox for $450,000, which was then a record amount for an original screenplay. They were helped by the fact that \"American Graffiti\" had since come out and been a huge success. \" Mike Gruskoff was incredible, just incredible at selling a script,\" said Katz. \" He got it immediately to the heads of the studios and he sold it very, very fast.\" The producer paid the writers $100,000 of the $450,000. The writers wanted Steven Spielberg to direct and he was interested but had made a commitment to do \"Jaws\". Eventually Stanley Donen signed. Donen's fee was $600,000, Grusskoff's was $400,000. Katz said, \"our reaction was, Stanley Donen seems so bizarre for this kind of film! Then we realized he's the ideal director because he is really a romantic director, and he can do this kind of character stuff and the kind of humor that the film has.\" Some changes to the script were made. \"Stanley wanted very much to play up the relationships, the menage-\u00e0-trois,\" said Huyck. \"Which was fine with us. The script was probably overloaded with action since we wanted to sell it. Actually, action is boring to write. We have much more fun with dialogue.\" \"Stanley's big emphasis to us is that you must love the characters,\" said Katz. \" And any place he feels the characters are being lost, he wants us to put in something to develop the characters further. \" The writers said their inspiration for the lead characters were Jean Harlow, Clark Gable and Spencer Tracy.", "Maurice Binder Maurice Binder (December 4, 1918 \u2013 April 9, 1991) was an American film title designer best known for his work on 14 James Bond films including the first, \" Dr. No\" (1962) and for Stanley Donen's films from 1958. He was born in New York City, but mostly worked in Britain from the 1950s onwards. He did his first film title design for Stanley Donen's \"Indiscreet\" (1958). The Bond producers first approached him after being impressed by his title designs for the Donen comedy film \" The Grass Is Greener\" (1960). Binder also provided sequences for Donen for \"Charade\" (1963) and \"Arabesque\" (1966), both accompanying music by Henry Mancini. Binder created the signature gun barrel sequence for the opening titles of the first Bond film, \"Dr. No\" (1962). Binder originally planned to employ a camera sighted down the barrel of a .38 calibre gun, but this caused some problems. Unable to stop down the lens of a standard camera enough to bring the entire gun barrel into focus, Binder created a pinhole camera to solve the problem and the barrel became crystal clear. Binder described the genesis of the gun barrel sequence in the last interview he recorded before he died in 1991: At least one critic has also observed that the sequence recalls the gun fired at the audience at the end of \"The Great Train Robbery\" (1903). Binder is also known for featuring women performing a variety of activities such as dancing, jumping on a trampoline, or shooting weapons in his work. Both sequences are trademarks and staples of the James Bond films. Maurice Binder was succeeded by Daniel Kleinman as the title designer for \"GoldenEye\" (1995)."], "answer": {"text": "Royal Wedding", "answer_start": 1342}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Stanley Donen become an MGM contract director?", "answer": {"text": "After the success of On the Town, Donen signed a seven-year contract with MGM as a director.", "answer_start": 1022, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What did he direct", "answer": {"text": "Freed,", "answer_start": 1143, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "in what year", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_28fbfa5ab71f4f05bab0611f930ef811_1_q#0", "question": "What has Jessica Mauboy done the last few years?", "rewrite": "What has Jessica Mauboy done the last few years?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Beautiful (Jessica Mauboy song) \"Beautiful\" is a song recorded by Australian singer Jessica Mauboy for her third studio album of the same name. The song was released for digital download on 22 November 2013, as the third single from the album. \"Beautiful\" was written by Mauboy, Charles Hinshaw, Chaz Mishan and David Delazyn, and produced by The Fliptones. Upon its release, \"Beautiful\" peaked at number 46 on the ARIA Singles Chart. \"Beautiful\" was written by Jessica Mauboy, Charles Hinshaw, Chaz Mishan and David Delazyn, and produced by The Fliptones. The Fliptones also handled the programming and keys. Mauboy's vocals were recorded at Rondor/Universal Recording Studio. \" Beautiful\" was engineered by Stuart Schenk and mixed by James Royo. It was mastered by Tom Coyne at Sterling Sound in New York City. According to Janelle Tucknott of Renowned for Sound, the song features \"heavy bass notes\" and its instrumentation is provided by an electronic keyboard. \" Beautiful\" was made available for digital purchase on 22 November 2013. Janelle Tucknott of \"Renowned for Sound\" awarded \"Beautiful\" three-and-a-half stars out of five and wrote that \"it's upbeat and catchy and begs to be played loudly while getting ready for a night out. \" Tucknott also described \"Beautiful\" as \"the perfect Summer club track\" and predicted it to be another hit for Mauboy. Jana Angeles of the same publication wrote that \"Beautiful\" is \"an addictive track that is bound to be stuck in your head for days on end.\" She also noted that the song has \"a summer lovin' feel\" that would make \"a perfect atmosphere for beaches and sunny weather.\"", "Saturday Night (Jessica Mauboy song) \"Saturday Night\" is a song by Australian recording artist Jessica Mauboy, featuring American rapper Ludacris. It was released as the second single from Mauboy's second studio album, \"Get 'Em Girls\", on 27 October 2010. The song was written by Angie Iron, Ludacris and Brian Kennedy, and was produced by Kennedy, Israel Cruz and Khaled Rohaim. Musically, \"Saturday Night\" is a dance-pop song that includes elements of electropop and techno in its instrumentation; it utilizes a synthesizer beat and heavy drums. Both Jessica Mauboy and Ludacris's vocals are Auto-Tuned. \"Saturday Night\" peaked at number seven on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified double platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for sales of 140,000 copies, making it Mauboy's highest-charting single since 2008's \"Burn\" and highest-selling single since her debut, \"Running Back.\" An accompanying music video was directed by Hype Williams, and features tinted lighting and fast-paced graphics throughout; the video went on to achieve over 1 million views on YouTube/Vevo. \" Saturday Night\" was nominated for 'Highest Selling Single' at the 2011 ARIA Music Awards. Mauboy also recorded a simlish version of the song titled, \"Surbiduh Nye\", for the video game, \"\". \"Saturday Night\" was written by Angie Iron, Brian Kennedy and Ludacris, with Kennedy also producing the track alongside Israel Cruz and Khaled Rohaim. The rap verse on the song was written by Ludacris. When Mauboy heard the original verse, she was not happy with it and had Ludacris re-write it again.", "Never Be the Same (Jessica Mauboy song) \"Never Be the Same\" is a song recorded by Australian singer Jessica Mauboy. It was written by Mauboy, Anthony Egizii and David Musumeci, and produced by DNA. The song was released on 7 March 2014 as the fourth single from Mauboy's third studio album, \"Beautiful\". \"Never Be the Same\" is a mid-tempo pop and R&B power ballad that speaks about \"the confusion of growing up and the fact that changes in life are inevitable.\" The song received positive reviews from critics, who noted it as an emotional and powerful track and praised Mauboy's vocal performance. \"Never Be the Same\" peaked at number six on the ARIA Singles Chart and became Mauboy's seventh top-ten single. It was certified Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association for selling over 70,000 copies. The accompanying music video was directed by Lawrence Lim and features Australian actress Miah Madden playing a younger version of Mauboy. The video received a positive reception from critics, who complimented the shower scenes and noted it as \"an amazing step up\" for Mauboy. \" Never Be the Same\" has been performed on \"Today\" and \"Sunrise\", and was used to promote the American drama series \"Revenge\" on Australian television. \"Never Be the Same\" was written by Jessica Mauboy, Anthony Egizii and David Musumeci, and produced by Egizii and Musumeci under their production name DNA. It was the last song written for Mauboy's third studio album \"Beautiful\". Mauboy's vocals were recorded at Sony Studios in Sydney. Egizii mixed the track and also handled the programming and keys.", "Because (Jessica Mauboy song) \"Because\" is a song by Australian R&B recording artist Jessica Mauboy. Written by Michael \"Fingaz\" Mugisha, Mauboy and Dion Howell, \"Because\" was released as the fourth single from Mauboy's debut album \"Been Waiting\" on 12 June 2009. The song is about a past relationship of Mauboy's and she has stated that it is her favourite song off the album. \"Because\" peaked at number nine on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). \"Because\" was written by Jessica Mauboy, Dion Howell and Michael \"Fingaz\" Mugisha, and was mixed by Phil Tan. Mauboy revealed that it is a break-up song about an ex-boyfriend of hers. She told \"The Sydney Morning Herald\", \"at the time it happened, I couldn't talk to anyone about it. But definitely writing it just made me feel really free. \" Mauboy has stated that \"Because\" is her favourite track off the album. \"Because\" debuted and peaked at number nine on the ARIA Singles Chart, becoming Mauboy's third top ten single on the chart. It spent 11 weeks in the ARIA top fifty and was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for selling 35,000 copies. The music video for \" Because\" was directed by Mike Corte and David Murrell, and premiered on YouTube on 29 May 2009. The video opens with a drop of water evaporating from a large puddle then quickly cuts to a portrait shot of Mauboy looking towards the camera as she sings the lines, \" It's all because. \" The next scene displays Mauboy standing on a thin layor of shallow water with pages of text individually floating in the air.", "The Journey (Jessica Mauboy album) The Journey is a live album by 2006 \"Australian Idol\" runner-up Jessica Mauboy, released on 24 February 2007 by Sony BMG Australia. The CD/DVD contains recordings of Mauboy's live performances from her time in the top twelve on \" Australian Idol\". Upon its release, \"The Journey\" debuted at number four on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association. In 2006, Jessica Mauboy auditioned for the fourth season of \"Australian Idol\", in Alice Springs, Northern Territory, singing \"I Have Nothing\" by Whitney Houston. Her audition impressed the judges, and she progressed to the semi-finals. Following the semi-final rounds, she advanced into the top twelve, and after progressing to the final two, Mauboy was announced as the runner-up to fellow contestant Damien Leith. Two weeks after the conclusion of \"Australian Idol\", Mauboy signed a recording contract with Sony BMG Australia, and released \"The Journey\" in Australia on 24 February 2007.
The top four teams will advance to the semifinal round. Final group standings Official Olympic softball schedule The United States Olympic Team Trials in Swimming were held on June 29 \u2013 July 6 in Omaha, Nebraska. The U.S. sent two people in each individual discipline and up to six people for the 4x100 freestyle relays and 4x200 freestyle relays. On August 1, Jessica Hardy, who had qualified in the 100 meter breaststroke and the 50 meter freestyle, withdrew from the Olympic team after failing an anti-doping test at the national trials. Hardy opted to pull out instead of contesting the test results at the Court of Arbitration for Sport. The U.S. left Beijing with 31 swimming medals: 12 gold, 9 silver and 10 bronze. This surpassed the 28 medals won by the swimming team in Athens. In the process, the U.S. broke ten swimming world records and twenty-four American records. The American performance in swimming was highlighted by Michael Phelps, who won a total of eight gold medals, surpassing Mark Spitz's 36-year-old single Games record of seven gold medals. Phelps also surpassed Spitz, Larisa Latynina of the USSR, Paavo Nurmi of Finland, and American sprinter Carl Lewis to become the current record holder for the most Olympic gold medals (fourteen). All three men's relay teams set world records, and an additional six individual world records were set by Phelps, Ryan Lochte and Aaron Peirsol. The United States also saw milestones in women's swimming.", "After Matt Welsh, Regan Harrison and Geoff Huegill had finished their legs, Thorpe's change left him half a body length behind the new 100 m world champion Anthony Ervin of the United States. The Americans were expected to win, and with his typically slow start, Thorpe turned a body length behind with 50 m remaining. With an American victory seeming inevitable, Thorpe managed to accelerate and deprive Ervin of the lead in the last 5 m. This made Thorpe the only swimmer to have won six gold medals at a World Championships, and the first since Shaw in 1974 to win the 200\u2013400\u2013800 treble. His performances formed the basis for Australia's gold medal win over the United States 13\u20139. It was also the first time since the 1956 Summer Olympics that Australia had topped the medal tally at a global meet. Thorpe's achievements led to predictions that he could match Mark Spitz's seven gold medals at the 1972 Summer Olympics, which he played down. Thorpe began competition in 2002 at the Australian Championships in Brisbane in March, which were used to select the team for the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester and the 2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships. After his record six gold medals in Fukuoka, the meet was surrounded by further expectations of world records and speculation that he would match Spitz's seven gold medals. His winning time in the 400 m was the second fastest in history, but such was the expectation on him that his failure to break a world record was the talking point. He claimed the 100 m and 200 m events in times outside his best, making it the first time that he had failed to break a world record at a major meet since 1999. He also experimented by adding the 100 m backstroke to his repertoire, placing second. This earned him a Commonwealth spot in a seventh event, leading to further media speculation that he could match Spitz.", "Chinese athletes won the most gold medals with 48 (100 total), and the United States won the most total medals with 110 (including 36 gold). Athletes from 87 countries won medals, while 55 nations won at least one gold medal, both setting new records for Olympic Games. Athletes from Afghanistan (Rohullah Nikpai \u2013 Taekwondo, men's 58 kg), Mauritius (Bruno Julie \u2013 boxing, bantamweight), Sudan (Ismail Ahmed Ismail \u2013 athletics, men's 800 m), Tajikistan (Rasul Boqiev \u2013 judo, men's 73 kg), and Togo (Benjamin Boukpeti \u2013 canoeing, men's K-1 slalom) won their NOCs' first Olympic medal. Athletes from Mongolia (Naidangiin T\u00fcvshinbayar \u2013 judo, men's 100 kg), and Panama (Irving Saladino \u2013 athletics, men's long jump) won their nations' first gold medal. American swimmer Michael Phelps was the most successful athlete, winning eight gold medals and setting a new record for most golds won in a single edition of the Olympics (the previous record, seven, had been set in 1972 by Mark Spitz). Phelps also set a new record for most career gold medals (14), and his 16 total medals were ranked second all-time behind Soviet gymnast Larisa Latynina (18) at the time. In 2012 Phelps set a record for most total medals. Several records for career medals in a sport were tied or surpassed, including cycling (Bradley Wiggins of the United Kingdom won two gold, tied for record with six career medals); judo (Ryoko Tani of Japan won a bronze, five career medals); softball ("], "answer": {"text": "\"Dream as big as you can dream, and anything is possible ...", "answer_start": 464}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What event did Michael Phelps win to get his seventh gold medal?", "answer": {"text": "the men's 100-meter butterfly,", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did he beat in that race?", "answer": {"text": "US born Serbian swimmer Milorad Cavic", "answer_start": 45, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was there any other swimmers mentioned that he beat?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other interesting fact can you tell me about that race?", "answer": {"text": "Phelps's seventh gold medal of the Games tied Mark Spitz's record for gold medals won in a single Olympic Games,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_14f29c9bbf5844e686870f47f6919cb0_1_q#5", "question": "What other significant facts can you tell me about that race that you found interesting?", "rewrite": "Other than beating Milorad Cavic and winning his seventh medal, what other significant facts can you tell me about that race that you found interesting?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["At the end of December 2012 a portfolio of 17 Karstadt department stores including the Kaufhaus des Westens (KaDeWe) in Berlin was acquired by Signa Prime Selection AG for a sum of over 1.1 billion euros. The transaction was by far the largest retail real estate investment in Germany in 2012. On 16 September 2013 it was disclosed that Signa, together with the BSG Group, had taken over 75.1% of the operative business of Karstadt-Premium-GmbH and 75.1% of the operative business of Karstadt-Sports-GmbH from the Berggruen Holding of the German-American businessman Nicolas Berggruen for 300 million euros. This sum was to be spent on the strengthening of the Karstadt Group and the modernisation of individual stores with the aim of guaranteeing Karstadt's long-term competitiveness. In November 2013 Signa passed on half of its shares \u2013 that is to say 37.55% - in Karstadt Premium and the sports shops, to the Israeli businessman Beny Steinmetz. Karstadt Premium operates the three luxury department stores Kaufhaus des Westens in Berlin, Alsterhaus in Hamburg and Oberpollinger in Munich. With its 28 sports shops, Karstadt Sports is one of Germany's leading retailers of sporting goods. On 15 August 2014 SIGNA Holding acquired 100% of the shares in Karstadt Warenhaus GmbH and the remaining shares in Karstadt Premium GmbH and Karstadt Sports GmbH. The deal marked the final withdrawal of Berggruen Holdings from any involvement in the operations of the Karstadt Group and from its share in the ownership of individual Karstadt properties. In the financial year 2015/16 the Karstadt group managed to earn the first profit in years. In the following year the profit even broke the one million euro mark.", "Kalon Ludvigson Kalon Curtis Ludvigson (born March 15, 1988) is an American trampoline and tumbling champion. Ludvigson has become the most decorated U.S. athlete in trampoline and tumbling history by winning 20 World Cup and World Championships Medals in Tumbling and Double Mini Trampoline. Ludvigson was born in Gunnison, Utah, United States to Curtis and Laurie Ludvigson. Ludvigson was undefeated in the United States from 2006, after winning the U.S. National Championships, until 2013. Kalon set the World Record for Degree of Difficulty in 2008 at the Pan American Championships in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He won the World Cup in 2009, 2011 and 2012 and set the record at the World Cup in Odense, Denmark in October 2011. In 2015 he still holds the record tied with Yang Song (CHN). Ludvigson was also a coach. In August 2013, Ludvigson suffered a serious spinal injury during a demonstration for students, which left him paralyzed below the waist. He was hospitalized until December, and a fundraising drive was initiated to help pay for medical and physiotherapy expenses. An international invitational gymnastic meet in Salt Lake City has been named after him.", "Swimming at the 2005 World Aquatics Championships \u2013 Men's 50 metre butterfly The Men's 50 Butterfly event at the 11th FINA World Aquatics Championships swam 26\u2013-27 July 2005 in Montreal, Canada. Preliminary and Semifinal heats swam on 26 July, with the Final on 27 July. Prior to the competition, the existing World (WR) and Championship (CR) records were: Swim-off for 16th Results from the swim-off for 16th place, between Milorad Cavic and Kaio Almeida were:", "In 2002, Medinipur District was divided into two parts \u2013 Purba Medinipur and Paschim Medinipur for the sake of administrative efficiency and expediency. Purba Medinipur consists of four Sub-Divisions \u2013 Tamluk, Contai, Egra and Haldia. Contai Sub-Division now consists of eight blocks of Ramnagar, Digha, Kanthi (Contai), Khejuri and Bhupatinagar. For details history of Contai, see History of Contai Contai is about 160 km from Kolkata and 31 km from the beach town Digha. Contai receives heavy rains during Monsoon. Winters are not that severe. Summers are average and cooler that Delhi or U.P. 93.55% of the population of Contai subdivision live in the rural areas. Only 6.45% of the population live in the urban areas and it is considerably behind Haldia subdivision in urbanization, where 20.81% of the population live in urban areas. As per 2011 Census of India Contai had a total population of 92,226 of which 49,031 (53%) were males and 43,195 (47%) were females. Population below 6 years was 8,440. The total number of literates in Contai was 78,500 (93.69% of the population over 6 years). Located at the heart of the town, Contai police station has jurisdiction over Contai I and Deshapran CD Blocks. It covers an area of 370.80 km with a population of 382,216. Contai Women police station was opened on 18 March 2012. It has jurisdiction over Contai subdivision. Contai is famous for its tourism, cashew crop, fishing and processing industries. Fishing is the predominant high earning business apart for Cashew processing in Contai.", "Before the final of the 100-meter butterfly, US born Serbian swimmer Milorad Cavic caused a minor stir when he said it would be \"good\" if Phelps lost. \"It'd be good for him if he loses. It would be nice if historians talk about Michael Phelps winning seven gold medals and losing the eighth to 'some guy.' I'd like to be that guy\", Cavic said. Phelps responded, \"When people say things like that, it fires me up more than anything.\" On August 16, Phelps won his seventh gold medal of the Games in the men's 100-meter butterfly, setting an Olympic record for the event with a time of 50.58 seconds and edging out his nearest competitor Cavic, by one hundredth (0.01) of a second. Unlike all six of his previous events in the 2008 Games, Phelps did not set a new world record, leaving intact Ian Crocker's world-record time of 50.40 seconds, set in 2005. Phelps's 0.01-second finish ahead of Cavic prompted the Serbian delegation to file a protest. Subsequent analysis of the video by the FINA panel, which required analyzing frames shot 1/10,000th of a second apart, was used to officially confirm Phelps's victory, but the images were not immediately released to the press. The initial refusal by official timekeeper Omega to release underwater photos of the finish also raised questions due to Phelps's sponsorship relationship with Omega. Cavic later wrote in his blog, \"People, this is the greatest moment of my life. If you ask me, it should be accepted and we should move on. I've accepted defeat, and there's nothing wrong with losing to the greatest swimmer there has ever been.\""], "answer": {"text": "Phelps's 0.01-second finish ahead of Cavic prompted the Serbian delegation to file a protest.", "answer_start": 853}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What event did Michael Phelps win to get his seventh gold medal?", "answer": {"text": "the men's 100-meter butterfly,", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did he beat in that race?", "answer": {"text": "US born Serbian swimmer Milorad Cavic", "answer_start": 45, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was there any other swimmers mentioned that he beat?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other interesting fact can you tell me about that race?", "answer": {"text": "Phelps's seventh gold medal of the Games tied Mark Spitz's record for gold medals won in a single Olympic Games,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did he feel about that?", "answer": {"text": "\"Dream as big as you can dream, and anything is possible ...", "answer_start": 464, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_14f29c9bbf5844e686870f47f6919cb0_1_q#6", "question": "Why did they file a protest?", "rewrite": "Why did the Serbian delegation file a protest after Phelp's 0.01-second finish ahead of Cavic?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Serbia at the 2014 Winter Paralympics Serbia sent a delegation to compete at the 2014 Winter Paralympics, in Sochi, Russia from 7\u201316 March 2014. This was the nation's second appearance at a Winter Paralympic Games. The Serbian delegation consisted of a single athlete alpine skier Jugoslav Milo\u0161evi\u0107, whose best finish was 29th in the standing men's giant slalom event. According to the International Paralympic Committee's system of classifying countries, Serbia first competed in the Summer Paralympics in the 2008 Summer Paralympics, and the Winter Paralympics at the 2010 Winter Paralympics. Before this, they competed as part of Serbia and Montenegro. Therefore, Sochi was the nation's second appearance at a Winter Paralympics. The 2014 Winter Paralympics were held from 7\u201316 March 2014, in Sochi, Russia; 45 countries and 547 athletes took part in the multi-sport event. The Serbian delegation to Sochi consisted of a single athlete alpine skier, Jugoslav Milo\u0161evi\u0107. He was chosen as the Serbian flag bearer for the parade of nations during the opening ceremony and for the closing ceremony. Every participant at the Paralympics has their disability grouped into one of five disability categories; amputation, the condition may be congenital or sustained through injury or illness; cerebral palsy; wheelchair athletes, there is often overlap between this and other categories; visual impairment, including blindness; or Les Autres, any physical disability that does not fall strictly under one of the other categories, for example dwarfism or multiple sclerosis. Each Paralympic sport then has its own classifications, dependent upon the specific physical demands of competition. Events are given a code, made of numbers and letters, describing the type of event and classification of the athletes competing. Events with \"B\" in the code are for athletes with visual impairment, codes LW1 to LW9 are for athletes who stand to compete and LW10 to LW12", "Eliza Parsons Eliza Parsons (n\u00e9e Phelp) (1739 \u2013 5 February 1811) was an English Gothic novelist, best known for \"The Castle of Wolfenbach\" (1793) and \"The Mysterious Warning\" (1796). These are two of the seven Gothic titles recommended as reading by a character in Jane Austen's novel \"Northanger Abbey\". The life of Eliza Parsons has been subject to much speculation, but most researchers agree she was born in 1739. Parsons's baptismal certificate is dated 4 April 1739. Eliza was born in Plymouth, Devon, as the only daughter of John Phelp, a wine merchant, and his wife Roberta Phelp. She spent her childhood in a prosperous household and became well educated for a young woman in the 18th century. At about 21 years old, Eliza married a turpentine distiller, James Parsons, from the nearby town of Stonehouse, on 24 March 1760. Together they had three sons and five daughters. About 1778\u201379, the family moved to a suburb in London, when Parsons's turpentine business saw a decline as an indirect result of the American War of Independence. Mr Parsons invested his remaining money in reviving his dwindling turpentine trade, and for about three years, the family's standard of living returned to the pre-American Revolution level. In 1782, however, a devastating fire broke out in one of the warehouses, spread quickly, and destroyed everything Mr Parsons owned. He then took a position in the Lord Chamberlain's office. Several months before the warehouse fire, the Parsons's eldest son had died in Jamaica, immediately after his promotion to captain of the Royal Marines. Domestic bereavement coupled with the reverses in his business fortunes compounded with deteriorating health and he suffered a paralysing stroke.", "Before the final of the 100-meter butterfly, US born Serbian swimmer Milorad Cavic caused a minor stir when he said it would be \"good\" if Phelps lost. \"It'd be good for him if he loses. It would be nice if historians talk about Michael Phelps winning seven gold medals and losing the eighth to 'some guy.' I'd like to be that guy\", Cavic said. Phelps responded, \"When people say things like that, it fires me up more than anything.\" On August 16, Phelps won his seventh gold medal of the Games in the men's 100-meter butterfly, setting an Olympic record for the event with a time of 50.58 seconds and edging out his nearest competitor Cavic, by one hundredth (0.01) of a second. Unlike all six of his previous events in the 2008 Games, Phelps did not set a new world record, leaving intact Ian Crocker's world-record time of 50.40 seconds, set in 2005. Phelps's 0.01-second finish ahead of Cavic prompted the Serbian delegation to file a protest. Subsequent analysis of the video by the FINA panel, which required analyzing frames shot 1/10,000th of a second apart, was used to officially confirm Phelps's victory, but the images were not immediately released to the press. The initial refusal by official timekeeper Omega to release underwater photos of the finish also raised questions due to Phelps's sponsorship relationship with Omega. Cavic later wrote in his blog, \"People, this is the greatest moment of my life. If you ask me, it should be accepted and we should move on. I've accepted defeat, and there's nothing wrong with losing to the greatest swimmer there has ever been.\"", "Number of participants of the 2nd plenary session At the beginning of the 2nd plenary session, 1,612 delegates voted in the work of the congress. During the Congress, any illusions about a united LCY front that could bring the country out of crisis were dispelled. Instead the Congress was dominated mostly by clashes between the Serbian and Slovenian delegations over the power and decision making process of the Constituent republics of Yugoslavia. The Serbian delegation advocated for the introduction of a policy of \"one man - one vote\", with a more centralized Yugoslavia. The Slovenes, however, suggested a confederation party and state, giving more power to the republics. All proposals of the Slovenian delegation, led by Milan Ku\u010dan, were rejected. At the same time, Serbian proposals were accepted on a majority vote, helped by Serbia's domination of the votes in Kosovo, Vojvodina and Montenegro. After two days with a sharp verbal conflict, the Slovene delegation walked out of the Sava Center 22nd January. Immediately thereafter, the head of the delegation from Serbia, Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107, suggested that Congress continue to work and move on to decision-making. However, this was strongly opposed by the delegation from Croatia, who argued this was unconstitutional. At the prompting of Slobodan Lang, Ivica Ra\u010dan, head of the Croatian delegation approached the speaker and declared that \"we (the SKH delegation) can not accept the Yugoslav party without the Slovenes\". When Milo\u0161evi\u0107 asked what it would take to recommence the meeting, the Croatian delegation remarked \"the Slovene delegation\", and that if the meeting was recommenced they too would leave the proceedings. When attempts were made, the Croatian delegation were true to their word, and they too left, joined by the delegations of Macedonia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "In\" list fronted by the Progressive Party in the 2014 parliamentary election and was easily returned when the list won a majority of 158 out of 250 seats. He was appointed as a deputy speaker after the election, a position he continues to hold to the present day. He was also appointed as chair of the assembly's committee on finance; in May 2014, he announced that a revised budget by Vu\u010di\u0107's administration would introduce low-interest state-subsidized loans. In May 2014, Arsi\u0107 led a Serbian delegation to the South-East European Cooperation Process (SEECP). He attempted to steer a middle course on between Russian and European interests, noting that the Serbian delegation \"did not support [SEECP's] statement on the crisis in Ukraine, due to the controversial wording about 'annexation of Crimea,' but did not block its adoption either.\" Arsi\u0107 received the twenty-second position on the \"Aleksandar Vu\u010di\u0107 \u2013 Serbia Is Winning\" list in the 2016 parliamentary election and was returned to a seventh term in parliament when the alliance won a second consecutive majority with 131 seats. He is currently a member of the parliamentary committee on finance, state budget and control of public spending; a member of the committee on the rights of the child; chair of the parliamentary friendship group to Greece; and a member of the parliamentary friendship groups to Azerbaijan, Belarus, China, Cuba, the Czech Republic, Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, Japan, Romania, Russia, and the United Kingdom. Arsi\u0107 is also a Progressive Party member of the Po\u017earevac municipal assembly."], "answer": {"text": "edging out his nearest competitor Cavic, by one hundredth (0.01) of a second.", "answer_start": 601}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What event did Michael Phelps win to get his seventh gold medal?", "answer": {"text": "the men's 100-meter butterfly,", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did he beat in that race?", "answer": {"text": "US born Serbian swimmer Milorad Cavic", "answer_start": 45, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was there any other swimmers mentioned that he beat?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other interesting fact can you tell me about that race?", "answer": {"text": "Phelps's seventh gold medal of the Games tied Mark Spitz's record for gold medals won in a single Olympic Games,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did he feel about that?", "answer": {"text": "\"Dream as big as you can dream, and anything is possible ...", "answer_start": 464, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What other significant facts can you tell me about that race that you found interesting?", "answer": {"text": "Phelps's 0.01-second finish ahead of Cavic prompted the Serbian delegation to file a protest.", "answer_start": 853, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_14f29c9bbf5844e686870f47f6919cb0_1_q#7", "question": "what happened with the protest?", "rewrite": "What happened with the protest of Phelp's 0.01-second finish ahead of Cavic?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Eliza Parsons Eliza Parsons (n\u00e9e Phelp) (1739 \u2013 5 February 1811) was an English Gothic novelist, best known for \"The Castle of Wolfenbach\" (1793) and \"The Mysterious Warning\" (1796). These are two of the seven Gothic titles recommended as reading by a character in Jane Austen's novel \"Northanger Abbey\". The life of Eliza Parsons has been subject to much speculation, but most researchers agree she was born in 1739. Parsons's baptismal certificate is dated 4 April 1739. Eliza was born in Plymouth, Devon, as the only daughter of John Phelp, a wine merchant, and his wife Roberta Phelp. She spent her childhood in a prosperous household and became well educated for a young woman in the 18th century. At about 21 years old, Eliza married a turpentine distiller, James Parsons, from the nearby town of Stonehouse, on 24 March 1760. Together they had three sons and five daughters. About 1778\u201379, the family moved to a suburb in London, when Parsons's turpentine business saw a decline as an indirect result of the American War of Independence. Mr Parsons invested his remaining money in reviving his dwindling turpentine trade, and for about three years, the family's standard of living returned to the pre-American Revolution level. In 1782, however, a devastating fire broke out in one of the warehouses, spread quickly, and destroyed everything Mr Parsons owned. He then took a position in the Lord Chamberlain's office. Several months before the warehouse fire, the Parsons's eldest son had died in Jamaica, immediately after his promotion to captain of the Royal Marines. Domestic bereavement coupled with the reverses in his business fortunes compounded with deteriorating health and he suffered a paralysing stroke.", "William Edward Powell William Edward Powell (16 February 1788 \u2013 10 April 1854) was a British Lord Lieutenant and Conservative Party politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Cardiganshire from 1816 until shortly before his death in 1854. He was the eldest son of Thomas Powell of Nanteos and Elinor Corbet, daughter of Edward Maurice Corbet of Ynysymaengwyn, Merionethshire. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford. Brought up in France by his widowed mother, he finally occupied his father's estate at Nanteos, near Aberystwyth at the age of 21 in 1809 and was made High Sheriff of Cardiganshire in 1810. He became the Lord Lieutenant of Cardiganshire in 1817. Despite earning a reputation for living beyond his means and evidence of neglect on his substantial Cardiganshire estates, he was returned to Parliament in 1816 as a Conservative upon the death of Thomas Johnes. There was some support at the time for Herbert Evans of Highmead as an alternative candidate but Powell secured the candidacy soon after issuing an address to the electors. He was destined to sit for eleven successive parliaments without a single competitor. However, there were occasional challenges to his tenure. As early as 1820, friends of Pryse Pryse, the member for Cardigan Boroughs were said to be seeking to secure him the county seat at the expense of Powell. However, this opposition dis not materialise when Powell returned to the county for the nomination, having not undertaken any personal canvassing in advance. Powell made no recorded speeches in the Commons between 1820 and 1832. He married Laura-Edwyna Phelp, eldest daughter of James Sacksville Tufton Phelp, of Coston House Leics in 1810, and had two sons: Laura died in 1822.", "At the 2009 World Aquatics Championships, \u010cavi\u0107 won gold in the 50 m butterfly and broke the 100 m butterfly world record in the semifinals finishing in 50.01 seconds. In the finals \u010cavi\u0107 won silver with time of 49.95. In that final, Both Cavic and winner Phelps became the first two swimmers to swim the 100 fly under 50 seconds. He missed competitions in 2010 due to spinal surgery. Olympic Committee of Serbia (and Montenegro) proclaimed him sportsman of the year three times, 2003, 2008 and 2009. In 2012 (May 26, 2012), he won gold medal at 2012 European Aquatics Championships in Debrecen, Hungary, in 100 meters butterfly, setting the best time in the world in 2012 and new championship record \u2013 51.45 seconds. At the age of 16, \u010cavi\u0107 represented Yugoslavia at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia in the 100 m butterfly (disqualified) and 100 backstroke \u2013 42nd \u2013 58.25 s. \u010cavi\u0107 represented Serbia and Montenegro at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece in the 100 m butterfly, 50 m freestyle and the 100 m freestyle. \u010cavi\u0107 was leading in a semifinal of the 100 metre butterfly, but right after the turn at the halfway point of the race, his suit opened at the neck and sucked in water, causing \u010cavi\u0107 to finish last. In the heats of the 100 metre freestyle, \u010cavi\u0107 finished 19th missing the semi-finals by 0.02 seconds. \u010cavi\u0107 trained at The Race Club, a swimming club founded by Olympic swimmers Gary Hall, Jr. and his father, Gary Hall, Sr. The Race Club, originally known as \"The World Team,\" was designed to serve as a training group for elite swimmers across the world in preparation for the 2000 Sydney Olympics.", "Before the final of the 100-meter butterfly, US born Serbian swimmer Milorad Cavic caused a minor stir when he said it would be \"good\" if Phelps lost. \"It'd be good for him if he loses. It would be nice if historians talk about Michael Phelps winning seven gold medals and losing the eighth to 'some guy.' I'd like to be that guy\", Cavic said. Phelps responded, \"When people say things like that, it fires me up more than anything.\" On August 16, Phelps won his seventh gold medal of the Games in the men's 100-meter butterfly, setting an Olympic record for the event with a time of 50.58 seconds and edging out his nearest competitor Cavic, by one hundredth (0.01) of a second. Unlike all six of his previous events in the 2008 Games, Phelps did not set a new world record, leaving intact Ian Crocker's world-record time of 50.40 seconds, set in 2005. Phelps's 0.01-second finish ahead of Cavic prompted the Serbian delegation to file a protest. Subsequent analysis of the video by the FINA panel, which required analyzing frames shot 1/10,000th of a second apart, was used to officially confirm Phelps's victory, but the images were not immediately released to the press. The initial refusal by official timekeeper Omega to release underwater photos of the finish also raised questions due to Phelps's sponsorship relationship with Omega. Cavic later wrote in his blog, \"People, this is the greatest moment of my life. If you ask me, it should be accepted and we should move on. I've accepted defeat, and there's nothing wrong with losing to the greatest swimmer there has ever been.\"", "However, much of their work was of a trivial nature and engine orders were so low that Rolls Royce nearly left the aviation sector. The aviation industry was left with the core of pre-war producers and a few companies whose interest in aviation had been aroused. This latter category included companies such as the Norwich engineering firm Boulton & Paul, Westland Aircraft, the wartime offshoot of engine manufacturers Petters Ltd and Gloucestershire, later, Gloster Aircraft Company formed from Cheltenham-based luxury liner outfitters H. H. Martyn. Nonetheless there was still determination to stay particularly from the enthusiastic pioneers such de Havilland and Sopwith. As soon as Airco and Sopwith Aviation Company were declared bankrupt,(due to the Treasury demanding payment for excess profits) within months Tommy Sopwith and Geoffrey de Havilland both established new companies, H.G. Hawker Engineering later Hawker Aircraft and De Havilland Aircraft Company. The Government established a Civil Aerial Transport Committee (that included H.G. Wells and Tommy Sopwith) that reported in December 1918. Their key recommendation was that steps should be taken to foster civil aviation in order, in part, to maintain a manufacturing base that could supply the country's military needs. However, Government policy for civil aviation was, initially, according to the then Secretary of State for Air, Winston Churchill, on 11 March 1920 in the House of Commons to let it \"fly by itself\u2026\u2026any attempt to support it artificially by floods of State money will not ever produce a really sound commercial aviation service which the public will use, and will impose a burden of an almost indefinite amount upon the Exchequer\". Air transport companies were established in 1919\u201320, several of which were subsidiaries of aircraft manufacturers, such as Handley-Page, Airco and Blackburn Aircraft."], "answer": {"text": "Subsequent analysis of the video by the FINA panel,", "answer_start": 947}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What event did Michael Phelps win to get his seventh gold medal?", "answer": {"text": "the men's 100-meter butterfly,", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did he beat in that race?", "answer": {"text": "US born Serbian swimmer Milorad Cavic", "answer_start": 45, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was there any other swimmers mentioned that he beat?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other interesting fact can you tell me about that race?", "answer": {"text": "Phelps's seventh gold medal of the Games tied Mark Spitz's record for gold medals won in a single Olympic Games,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did he feel about that?", "answer": {"text": "\"Dream as big as you can dream, and anything is possible ...", "answer_start": 464, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What other significant facts can you tell me about that race that you found interesting?", "answer": {"text": "Phelps's 0.01-second finish ahead of Cavic prompted the Serbian delegation to file a protest.", "answer_start": 853, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they file a protest?", "answer": {"text": "edging out his nearest competitor Cavic, by one hundredth (0.01) of a second.", "answer_start": 601, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_14f29c9bbf5844e686870f47f6919cb0_1_q#8", "question": "What was the verdict of the analysis?", "rewrite": "What was the verdict of the analysis by the FINA panel of Phelp's 0.01-second finish ahead of Cavic?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Swimming at the 2005 World Aquatics Championships \u2013 Men's 50 metre butterfly The Men's 50 Butterfly event at the 11th FINA World Aquatics Championships swam 26\u2013-27 July 2005 in Montreal, Canada. Preliminary and Semifinal heats swam on 26 July, with the Final on 27 July. Prior to the competition, the existing World (WR) and Championship (CR) records were: Swim-off for 16th Results from the swim-off for 16th place, between Milorad Cavic and Kaio Almeida were:", "James Thurbarne James Thurbarne (1607\u20131688) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1656 and 1679. Thurbarne was the second son of James Thurbarne lawyer of New Romney, Kent and his wife Mary Estcourt, daughter of Giles Estcourt of Salisbury, Wiltshire. He was a lawyer and became Jurat for Sandwich by 1642. He also became town clerk in 1642. In 1656, Thurbarne was elected Member of Parliament for Sandwich in the Second Protectorate Parliament from which he was secluded. He became warden of St. Thomas's hospital, Sandwich in 1658. In 1659 he was re-elected MP for Samdwich in the Third Protectorate Parliament. He was a member of the county committee for Kent in 1659. In 1660 he was re-elected MP for Sandwich for the Convention Parliament. In August 1660 he became commissioner for assessment for Kent and for Sandwich. King Charles ordered his dismissal as jurat on 27 November 1660, but he was immediately re-elected by the corporation. He was re-elected MP for Sandwich in 1661 for the Cavalier Parliament. In 1662 he was ejected as jurat and town clerk by the commissioners for corporations. He was mayor of Sandwich in 1665 and was reinstated as town clerk and jurat in 1667. In 1679 he stood down from his seat at Sandwich in favour of his son John. Thurbarne died at the age of 80 and was buried at S. Peter's, Sandwich on 23 May 1688. Thurbarne married firstly Ellen Jacob, widow of John Jacob of Sandwich on 12 May 1635 and had two sons and a daughter. He married secondly Bennet Forster a widow on 18 November 1658.", "At the 2009 World Aquatics Championships, \u010cavi\u0107 won gold in the 50 m butterfly and broke the 100 m butterfly world record in the semifinals finishing in 50.01 seconds. In the finals \u010cavi\u0107 won silver with time of 49.95. In that final, Both Cavic and winner Phelps became the first two swimmers to swim the 100 fly under 50 seconds. He missed competitions in 2010 due to spinal surgery. Olympic Committee of Serbia (and Montenegro) proclaimed him sportsman of the year three times, 2003, 2008 and 2009. In 2012 (May 26, 2012), he won gold medal at 2012 European Aquatics Championships in Debrecen, Hungary, in 100 meters butterfly, setting the best time in the world in 2012 and new championship record \u2013 51.45 seconds. At the age of 16, \u010cavi\u0107 represented Yugoslavia at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia in the 100 m butterfly (disqualified) and 100 backstroke \u2013 42nd \u2013 58.25 s. \u010cavi\u0107 represented Serbia and Montenegro at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece in the 100 m butterfly, 50 m freestyle and the 100 m freestyle. \u010cavi\u0107 was leading in a semifinal of the 100 metre butterfly, but right after the turn at the halfway point of the race, his suit opened at the neck and sucked in water, causing \u010cavi\u0107 to finish last. In the heats of the 100 metre freestyle, \u010cavi\u0107 finished 19th missing the semi-finals by 0.02 seconds. \u010cavi\u0107 trained at The Race Club, a swimming club founded by Olympic swimmers Gary Hall, Jr. and his father, Gary Hall, Sr. The Race Club, originally known as \"The World Team,\" was designed to serve as a training group for elite swimmers across the world in preparation for the 2000 Sydney Olympics.", "Before the final of the 100-meter butterfly, US born Serbian swimmer Milorad Cavic caused a minor stir when he said it would be \"good\" if Phelps lost. \"It'd be good for him if he loses. It would be nice if historians talk about Michael Phelps winning seven gold medals and losing the eighth to 'some guy.' I'd like to be that guy\", Cavic said. Phelps responded, \"When people say things like that, it fires me up more than anything.\" On August 16, Phelps won his seventh gold medal of the Games in the men's 100-meter butterfly, setting an Olympic record for the event with a time of 50.58 seconds and edging out his nearest competitor Cavic, by one hundredth (0.01) of a second. Unlike all six of his previous events in the 2008 Games, Phelps did not set a new world record, leaving intact Ian Crocker's world-record time of 50.40 seconds, set in 2005. Phelps's 0.01-second finish ahead of Cavic prompted the Serbian delegation to file a protest. Subsequent analysis of the video by the FINA panel, which required analyzing frames shot 1/10,000th of a second apart, was used to officially confirm Phelps's victory, but the images were not immediately released to the press. The initial refusal by official timekeeper Omega to release underwater photos of the finish also raised questions due to Phelps's sponsorship relationship with Omega. Cavic later wrote in his blog, \"People, this is the greatest moment of my life. If you ask me, it should be accepted and we should move on. I've accepted defeat, and there's nothing wrong with losing to the greatest swimmer there has ever been.\"", "Eliza Parsons Eliza Parsons (n\u00e9e Phelp) (1739 \u2013 5 February 1811) was an English Gothic novelist, best known for \"The Castle of Wolfenbach\" (1793) and \"The Mysterious Warning\" (1796). These are two of the seven Gothic titles recommended as reading by a character in Jane Austen's novel \"Northanger Abbey\". The life of Eliza Parsons has been subject to much speculation, but most researchers agree she was born in 1739. Parsons's baptismal certificate is dated 4 April 1739. Eliza was born in Plymouth, Devon, as the only daughter of John Phelp, a wine merchant, and his wife Roberta Phelp. She spent her childhood in a prosperous household and became well educated for a young woman in the 18th century. At about 21 years old, Eliza married a turpentine distiller, James Parsons, from the nearby town of Stonehouse, on 24 March 1760. Together they had three sons and five daughters. About 1778\u201379, the family moved to a suburb in London, when Parsons's turpentine business saw a decline as an indirect result of the American War of Independence. Mr Parsons invested his remaining money in reviving his dwindling turpentine trade, and for about three years, the family's standard of living returned to the pre-American Revolution level. In 1782, however, a devastating fire broke out in one of the warehouses, spread quickly, and destroyed everything Mr Parsons owned. He then took a position in the Lord Chamberlain's office. Several months before the warehouse fire, the Parsons's eldest son had died in Jamaica, immediately after his promotion to captain of the Royal Marines. Domestic bereavement coupled with the reverses in his business fortunes compounded with deteriorating health and he suffered a paralysing stroke."], "answer": {"text": "was used to officially confirm Phelps's victory,", "answer_start": 1066}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What event did Michael Phelps win to get his seventh gold medal?", "answer": {"text": "the men's 100-meter butterfly,", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did he beat in that race?", "answer": {"text": "US born Serbian swimmer Milorad Cavic", "answer_start": 45, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was there any other swimmers mentioned that he beat?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other interesting fact can you tell me about that race?", "answer": {"text": "Phelps's seventh gold medal of the Games tied Mark Spitz's record for gold medals won in a single Olympic Games,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did he feel about that?", "answer": {"text": "\"Dream as big as you can dream, and anything is possible ...", "answer_start": 464, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What other significant facts can you tell me about that race that you found interesting?", "answer": {"text": "Phelps's 0.01-second finish ahead of Cavic prompted the Serbian delegation to file a protest.", "answer_start": 853, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they file a protest?", "answer": {"text": "edging out his nearest competitor Cavic, by one hundredth (0.01) of a second.", "answer_start": 601, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened with the protest?", "answer": {"text": "Subsequent analysis of the video by the FINA panel,", "answer_start": 947, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_14f29c9bbf5844e686870f47f6919cb0_1_q#9", "question": "How did the losing member feel about that verdict?", "rewrite": "How did the losing member feel about the verdict that Phelp's victory was confirmed?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hot Blood Dance Crew Hot Blood Dance Crew () is an original Chinese reality street dance variety show produced by iQiyi. The show was officially aired and broadcast online on March 17, 2018 on iQiyi. \"Hot Blood Dance Crew\" brings together 191 dancers from all walks of life, both within and beyond China, including individual trainees who aren't associated with any agencies and they battle it out to be the best dancers in China. The mentor teams are Luhan & Jackson and William & Victoria. Round 1 : Casting The 191 dancers are stationed around the city. The two teams of mentors, Jackson & Luhan and William & Victoria, must go around using a map of where each crew is to cast dancers. Each team only has 30 spots. Round 2: Ranking Within each team dancers must rank themselves from 1-30. They enter one by one, if someone is sitting in the number spot they want, the two do a freestyle battle for it. Round 3: 1 v. 1 Battle One by one, starting at number 1, choose an opponent on the same team to do a choreography with. Their team mentor must then eliminate one of them. Round 4: Group Dance As a team the remaining 15 dancers must choreograph a 3 minute routine, in 48 hours under the concept \u2018Brothers\u2019. Before the performance each team must eliminate 3 people. Within this round team leaders ranked their contestants, the losing team must automatically eliminate their last place member. Round 5: Bottom 3 survival The contestants ranked in the bottom 3 must battle with the other team\u2019s bottom 3. Each member is allowed to choose one person not in the bottom 3 to dance with them, making it a 2 v. 2 battle. The losing member of the bottom 3 must leave. Example; #10 teams up with #2 and they battle #10 and #4 from the other team.", "For the first five seasons, the same prize package was at stake for the entire show until won, but this was changed to a different prize package for each bonus round for the final three seasons. The contestant automatically won by uncovering \"TIC\" and \"TAC\" (at which point the contestant also had his/her cash total amended to $1,000). However, if the contestant found the dragon, the game ended and the contestant forfeited the prize package and the accumulated money. The contestant could stop at any time, take the money and forgo the prize package. For a brief period in 1983, a contestant had to accumulate exactly $1,000 or find TIC and TAC, but this was quickly removed. For a time in 1983, members of the studio audience were invited to play a special \"Dragon Finder\" game whenever the bonus round was won or a contestant stopped early. The remaining numbers on the board were not immediately uncovered; instead, an audience member would be chosen to choose which number hid the dragon. If that person did not find the dragon, another audience member would be asked to choose one of the remaining numbers. The prize for finding it was originally a flat $250 and a \"dragon finder\" cap, but was later increased by $50 for each incorrect guess. When the change was made to invite two audience members to take turns choosing numbers, both audience members received Dragon Finder caps and the losing member received $50. The short-lived 1990 syndicated series used a bonus round that was similar to the 1978 CBS bonus round, with the champion playing for cash and a merchandise prize. There were, however, several notable differences. One was that the contestant chose between X and O as their symbol for the round and hoped to complete a \"Tic-Tac-Dough\" line with that symbol.", "However, much of their work was of a trivial nature and engine orders were so low that Rolls Royce nearly left the aviation sector. The aviation industry was left with the core of pre-war producers and a few companies whose interest in aviation had been aroused. This latter category included companies such as the Norwich engineering firm Boulton & Paul, Westland Aircraft, the wartime offshoot of engine manufacturers Petters Ltd and Gloucestershire, later, Gloster Aircraft Company formed from Cheltenham-based luxury liner outfitters H. H. Martyn. Nonetheless there was still determination to stay particularly from the enthusiastic pioneers such de Havilland and Sopwith. As soon as Airco and Sopwith Aviation Company were declared bankrupt,(due to the Treasury demanding payment for excess profits) within months Tommy Sopwith and Geoffrey de Havilland both established new companies, H.G. Hawker Engineering later Hawker Aircraft and De Havilland Aircraft Company. The Government established a Civil Aerial Transport Committee (that included H.G. Wells and Tommy Sopwith) that reported in December 1918. Their key recommendation was that steps should be taken to foster civil aviation in order, in part, to maintain a manufacturing base that could supply the country's military needs. However, Government policy for civil aviation was, initially, according to the then Secretary of State for Air, Winston Churchill, on 11 March 1920 in the House of Commons to let it \"fly by itself\u2026\u2026any attempt to support it artificially by floods of State money will not ever produce a really sound commercial aviation service which the public will use, and will impose a burden of an almost indefinite amount upon the Exchequer\". Air transport companies were established in 1919\u201320, several of which were subsidiaries of aircraft manufacturers, such as Handley-Page, Airco and Blackburn Aircraft.", "Eliza Parsons Eliza Parsons (n\u00e9e Phelp) (1739 \u2013 5 February 1811) was an English Gothic novelist, best known for \"The Castle of Wolfenbach\" (1793) and \"The Mysterious Warning\" (1796). These are two of the seven Gothic titles recommended as reading by a character in Jane Austen's novel \"Northanger Abbey\". The life of Eliza Parsons has been subject to much speculation, but most researchers agree she was born in 1739. Parsons's baptismal certificate is dated 4 April 1739. Eliza was born in Plymouth, Devon, as the only daughter of John Phelp, a wine merchant, and his wife Roberta Phelp. She spent her childhood in a prosperous household and became well educated for a young woman in the 18th century. At about 21 years old, Eliza married a turpentine distiller, James Parsons, from the nearby town of Stonehouse, on 24 March 1760. Together they had three sons and five daughters. About 1778\u201379, the family moved to a suburb in London, when Parsons's turpentine business saw a decline as an indirect result of the American War of Independence. Mr Parsons invested his remaining money in reviving his dwindling turpentine trade, and for about three years, the family's standard of living returned to the pre-American Revolution level. In 1782, however, a devastating fire broke out in one of the warehouses, spread quickly, and destroyed everything Mr Parsons owned. He then took a position in the Lord Chamberlain's office. Several months before the warehouse fire, the Parsons's eldest son had died in Jamaica, immediately after his promotion to captain of the Royal Marines. Domestic bereavement coupled with the reverses in his business fortunes compounded with deteriorating health and he suffered a paralysing stroke.", "William Edward Powell William Edward Powell (16 February 1788 \u2013 10 April 1854) was a British Lord Lieutenant and Conservative Party politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Cardiganshire from 1816 until shortly before his death in 1854. He was the eldest son of Thomas Powell of Nanteos and Elinor Corbet, daughter of Edward Maurice Corbet of Ynysymaengwyn, Merionethshire. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford. Brought up in France by his widowed mother, he finally occupied his father's estate at Nanteos, near Aberystwyth at the age of 21 in 1809 and was made High Sheriff of Cardiganshire in 1810. He became the Lord Lieutenant of Cardiganshire in 1817. Despite earning a reputation for living beyond his means and evidence of neglect on his substantial Cardiganshire estates, he was returned to Parliament in 1816 as a Conservative upon the death of Thomas Johnes. There was some support at the time for Herbert Evans of Highmead as an alternative candidate but Powell secured the candidacy soon after issuing an address to the electors. He was destined to sit for eleven successive parliaments without a single competitor. However, there were occasional challenges to his tenure. As early as 1820, friends of Pryse Pryse, the member for Cardigan Boroughs were said to be seeking to secure him the county seat at the expense of Powell. However, this opposition dis not materialise when Powell returned to the county for the nomination, having not undertaken any personal canvassing in advance. Powell made no recorded speeches in the Commons between 1820 and 1832. He married Laura-Edwyna Phelp, eldest daughter of James Sacksville Tufton Phelp, of Coston House Leics in 1810, and had two sons: Laura died in 1822."], "answer": {"text": "If you ask me, it should be accepted and we should move on. I've accepted defeat,", "answer_start": 1421}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What event did Michael Phelps win to get his seventh gold medal?", "answer": {"text": "the men's 100-meter butterfly,", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did he beat in that race?", "answer": {"text": "US born Serbian swimmer Milorad Cavic", "answer_start": 45, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was there any other swimmers mentioned that he beat?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other interesting fact can you tell me about that race?", "answer": {"text": "Phelps's seventh gold medal of the Games tied Mark Spitz's record for gold medals won in a single Olympic Games,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did he feel about that?", "answer": {"text": "\"Dream as big as you can dream, and anything is possible ...", "answer_start": 464, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What other significant facts can you tell me about that race that you found interesting?", "answer": {"text": "Phelps's 0.01-second finish ahead of Cavic prompted the Serbian delegation to file a protest.", "answer_start": 853, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they file a protest?", "answer": {"text": "edging out his nearest competitor Cavic, by one hundredth (0.01) of a second.", "answer_start": 601, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened with the protest?", "answer": {"text": "Subsequent analysis of the video by the FINA panel,", "answer_start": 947, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the verdict of the analysis?", "answer": {"text": "was used to officially confirm Phelps's victory,", "answer_start": 1066, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a85fe365e96c46e2a84a3f95475a325b_0_q#0", "question": "What was the first show Sondheim wrote that was produced on Broadway?", "rewrite": "What was the first show Sondheim wrote that was produced on Broadway?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The production was overseen by Professor Stephen Banfield who, also with permission from Sondheim, orchestrated the show for full band from the existing piano scores. Unfortunately, Sondheim was unable to attend but sent his best wishes to all involved. It was then repeated, in a concert version, the following year at the Bridewell Theatre, London, with Sondheim in attendance. During the post-show Q & A session, one of the members of The Stephen Sondheim Society asked Mr. Sondheim if he would now allow the show to be performed publicly. He agreed to think about it having previously always said 'no!' and Carol Metcalfe, Artistic Director of The Bridewell Theatre, immediately volunteered to stage it. Directed by Carol Metcalfe and Clive Paget, \"Saturday Night\" opened at the Bridewell Theatre on December 17, 1997 and closed on January 24, 1998 after 38 performances. The leading role of Gene Gorman was played by Sam Newman. A cast recording was made, distributed by First Night (UK) and RCA Victor (US). Following that production, the show had its US premiere with the Pegasus Players in Chicago. It opened at the O'Rourke Center for the Performing Arts, Truman College, Chicago, on May 19, 1999 and closed on July 18, 1999. Gary Griffin directed, with choreography by Marc Robin. Sondheim wrote two new song/scenes, \"Delighted, I'm Sure\" and \"Montana Chem\". The original book was edited by Sondheim, and there were new orchestrations by Jonathan Tunick. The copyright date for \"Delighted, I'm Sure\" is 1954 by Sondheim. The other songs have copyright dates from 1973 (Tribute show) to 1999 (Chicago production) and are all by music publishers.", "It\u2019s a collage of his life, in which who he is and how he got there comes in to focus. \" The show uses about 64 plasma screens. List of shows represented, and songs performed, in the revue: \u2021 Cut from the original production of the show Sondheim wrote a new song for this revue, titled \"God\", a \"self-deprecating comic song\" sung by the company to open Act 2. The show met with mixed reviews. Most critics were in agreement that the video footage of Sondheim was the highlight of the show, that the technical aspects of the show were expertly handled and that some performances were good (notably Cook, Williams and the supporting cast). Negative reviewers tended to feel that the show was not as substantial as it could have been, that some material was poorly chosen or ill-matched to the performers, and that some performances were not successful (notably Wopat). Ben Brantley in \"The New York Times\" wrote that the revue is \"a genial, multimedia commemorative scrapbook on the life, times and career\" of Sondheim, with \"a polished and likable eight-member cast.\" The original cast recording was released on August 31, 2010.", "Pacific Overtures Pacific Overtures is a musical written by Stephen Sondheim and John Weidman. The show is set in Japan beginning in 1853 and follows the difficult westernization of Japan, told from the point of view of the Japanese. In particular, the story focuses on the lives of two friends caught in the change. Sondheim wrote the score in a quasi-Japanese style of parallel 4ths and no leading tone. He did not use the pentatonic scale; the 4th degree of the major scale is represented from the opening number through the finale, as Sondheim found just five pitches too limiting. The music contrasts Japanese contemplation (\"There is No Other Way\") with Western ingenuousness (\"Please Hello\") while over the course of the 127 years, Western harmonies, tonality and even lyrics are infused into the score. The score is generally considered to be one of Sondheim's most ambitious and sophisticated efforts. The original Broadway production of \"Pacific Overtures\" in 1976 was staged in Kabuki style, with men playing women's parts and set changes made in full view of the audience by black-clad stagehands. It opened to mixed reviews and closed after six months, despite being nominated for ten Tony Awards. Given its unusual casting and production demands, \"Pacific Overtures\" remains one of Stephen Sondheim's least-performed musicals. The show is occasionally staged by opera companies. The cast requires an abundance of gifted male Asian actors who must play male and female parts. Women join the ensemble for only half of the last song; during the finale, after the lyric: \u201cmore surprises next,\u201d 20 women actors join the cast and sing the remaining 1:42 of the show. This creates expensive and challenging casting and thus most regional and community theaters, universities and schools are unable to produce it.", "The Sondheim Review The Sondheim Review was a quarterly magazine published in Chicago, United States, by Ray Birks starting in 1994. Per its tagline, it was \"Dedicated to the work of the Musical Theatre's foremost composer and lyricist,\" Stephen Sondheim. It was originally edited by Paul Salsini; starting in 2004, Cincinnati theatre critic Rick Pender became its managing editor; its editorial board included Chicago theatre columnist John Olson, drama critic and university professor Eric Grode, university professor Paul M. Puccio, and theater journalist Russell M. Dembin. Sondheim wrote occasional short items for the magazine, although he was not formally connected with the magazine. \"The Sondheim Review\" ceased publication in early in 2016; the Website is defunct and many subscribers did not receive refunds from the publisher for their 2016-2017 subscription season. At present, www.sondheimreview.com uses an invalid security certificate that expired on December 19, 2016 6:59PM \"The Sondheim Review\" maintained a low-activity web site that included one free article from each issue and a list of upcoming Sondheim productions primarily in the United States and Canada. The magazine had subscribers in more 25 countries, as Sondheim's work is widely acclaimed and respected, even in non-English speaking countries. Rick Pender, former Managing Editor of the \"Review\", established the website \"Everything Sondheim\" in 2016, envisioned as a \"go-to source of news, information, commentary and analysis for musical theater enthusiasts who admire the works and career of composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim\". Operation of \"Everything Sondheim\" ceased on December 31, 2017 as the \"anticipated financial model did not succeed\".", "\"Sings the Stephen Sondheim Songbook\" (1988); Cleo Laine \"Cleo Sings Sondheim\" (1988); Dorothy Loudon \"The Stephen Sondheim Album\" (2000); Elaine Stritch \"At Liberty\" (2002) and \"Sondheim the Birthday Concert\" (2010); Elaine Paige \"2011 Broadway Revival Cast Recording\"; and Shirley Bassey \" Hello Like Before\" (2014). The character Frederica Norman, played by Patti LuPone, sang the song in Pose (TV series), season 2, episode 6. The character Doris Mann, played by Shirley MacLaine, sang the song in \"Postcards from the Edge\". At the request of director Mike Nichols, Stephen Sondheim wrote special lyrics for MacLaine to sing in the film. The character Lillian Bennett, played by Carol Burnett, sang the song in \"Touched by an Angel\" season 4, episode 10: \"The Comeback.\" The character Kurt Hummel, played by Chris Colfer, sang the song in a \"Glee\" episode in a Sondheim tribute episode in season five. TVLine gave the performance an A."], "answer": {"text": "Romeo and Juliet", "answer_start": 275}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a85fe365e96c46e2a84a3f95475a325b_0_q#1", "question": "Did he write the music, the lyrics, or both?", "rewrite": "Did Sondheim write the music, the lyrics, or both for his first show that was produced on Broadway?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tatelicious Karigambe-Sandberg was married to Richard Sandberg in 2017 December but divorced in 2018, 2 months after their wedding due to personal reasons. In November 2017 she announced that she got pregnant through a surrogate but lost the pregnancy through a miscarriage in January 2018. Tatelicious is a music recording artist with an album coming out this year in July. During her high school days at Mazowe Boys High, she formed a musical group with her friend Lianroy called Heart Of Music. Although she is regarded as one of influential socialites, Tatelicious is also known as one of the most controversial Zimbabweans on social media because of her live videos and teachings which made her following call her 'Queen of Entertainment'.", "In 1957, West Side Story opened; directed by Jerome Robbins, it ran for 732 performances. Sondheim has expressed dissatisfaction with his lyrics, saying that they do not always fit the characters and are sometimes too consciously poetic. While Bernstein was working on Candide, Sondheim reportedly wrote some of West Side Story's music; Bernstein's co-lyricist credit disappeared from West Side Story during its tryout, possibly as a trade-off. Sondheim insisted that Bernstein told the producers to list him as the sole lyricist. He described the division of the royalties, saying that Bernstein received three percent and he received one percent. Bernstein suggested evening the percentage at two percent each, but Sondheim refused because he wanted the credit. Sondheim later said he wished \"someone stuffed a handkerchief in my mouth because it would have been nice to get that extra percentage\". After West Side Story opened, Shevelove lamented the lack of \"low-brow comedy\" on Broadway and mentioned a possible musical based on Plautus' Roman comedies. When Sondheim was interested in the idea he called a friend, Larry Gelbart, to co-write the script. The show went through a number of drafts, and was interrupted briefly by Sondheim's next project. In 1959, Sondheim was approached by Laurents and Robbins for a musical version of Gypsy Rose Lee's memoir after Irving Berlin and Cole Porter turned it down. Sondheim agreed, but Ethel Merman - cast as Mama Rose - had just finished Happy Hunting with an unknown composer (Harold Karr) and lyricist (Matt Dubey). Although Sondheim wanted to write the music and lyrics, Merman refused to let another first-time composer write for her and demanded that Jule Styne write the music.", "Sondheim, concerned that writing lyrics again would pigeonhole him as a lyricist, called his mentor for advice. Hammerstein told him he should take the job, because writing a vehicle for a star would be a good learning experience. Sondheim agreed; Gypsy opened on May 21, 1959, and ran for 702 performances. Merrily's failure greatly affected Sondheim; he was ready to quit theatre and do movies, create video games or write mysteries: \"I wanted to find something to satisfy myself that does not involve Broadway and dealing with all those people who hate me and hate Hal.\" Sondheim and Prince's collaboration was suspended from Merrily to the 2003 production of Bounce, another failure. However, Sondheim decided \"that there are better places to start a show\" and found a new collaborator in James Lapine after he saw Lapine's Twelve Dreams off-Broadway in 1981: \"I was discouraged, and I don't know what would have happened if I hadn't discovered Twelve Dreams at the Public Theatre\"; Lapine has a taste \"for the avant-garde and for visually-oriented theatre in particular\". Their first collaboration was Sunday in the Park with George (1984), with Sondheim's music evoking Georges Seurat's pointillism. Sondheim and Lapine won the 1985 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for the play, and it was revived on Broadway in 2008, and again in a limited run in 2017. They collaborated on Into the Woods (1987), a musical based on several Brothers Grimm fairy tales. Although Sondheim has been called the first composer to bring rap music to Broadway (with the Witch in the opening number of \"Into the Woods\"), he attributes the first rap in theatre to Meredith Willson's \"Rock Island\" from The Music Man.", "Tatelicious Karigambe-Sandberg Tatelicious Karigambe-Sandberg is a Sweden-based Zimbabwean socialite, Human Rights activist for LGBTIQ and HIV & AIDS issues and she is one of the first Zimbabwean transgender women to go public. Tatelicious Karigambe-Sandberg was born in Budiriro, Harare in a family of four, she has a twin sister. She attended her Primary School education at Eastridge Primary in Hillside, she proceeded to Nyahuni Adventist school where she was expelled then went to Glen View 2 High School , she then got a scholarship to Mazowe Boys High School. After high school, she went on to study music at Watershed College in Marondera. Tatelicious Karigambe-Sandberg is a chemical engineer by profession \u2033From Which College Please\u2033. Tatelicious went through surgery to become a woman physically in 2013 in India, she spent about US$80 000 on breast augmentation and vaginoplasty. She became public on 28 June 2015 but however faced criticism with some critics claiming that she was a 'liar and thief'. She then completed formalities with the Zimbabwe Registrar-General\u2019s Office to be legally recognised as a woman in 2015 thus changing her name from Tatenda Christopher Karigambe to Tatelicious Karigambe. Tatelicious became the first Zimbabwean transgender woman to be interviewed on national radio platform in 2015 when she was interviewed by Ruvheneko at ZiFM Sterio. She got media attention with interviews from several media houses in Zimbabwe where she was fighting for the rights of the LGBTI community. She then fled to Sweden because she was under attack due to suspicions that she wanted to bring a regime change and that her gender transformation was a science based project meant to change culture beliefs in Zimbabwe.", "Tatelicious Karigambe-Sandberg is a Human Rights activists who fights for the freedom of LGBTIQ people, she also fights for sexual orientation and gender identity. She is founder and executive director of the Tatenda Movement formed in 2016 and registered as a Non-profit making organisation in Sweden. The Tatenda Movement's mandate is advocating for issues facing black LGBTIQ Immigrants and Swedish Women facing sexual abuse in Sweden mostly in pubs, schools, parties and the environment in general. In 2016, Tatelicious opened up to the public via social media that she had been living with HIV for 14 years after being rapped by her uncle at the age of 12 and she began HIV and AIDS campaigns through social media so as to emancipate and strengthen people living with HIV and AIDS so that they adhere to their treatment. She does her campaigns world wide through her online show called \"Life with Tatelicious Karigambe-Sandberg\" on Facebook where she teaches HIV positive people on how to live a positive life. In V\u00e4stern\u00f6rland Region, Tatenda Movement also focuses on educating and doing seminars as well as creating a sensitization of the information impactisation of HIV and AIDS. The Tatenda Movement activities are mostly fighting against Homophobic and Transphobic Arabic and Moslem Community in Sweden. Through the Tatenda Movement, Tatelicious was able to pioneer a PRIDE FESTIVAL IN H\u00c4RN\u00d6SAND IN 2017 where she hosted over 200 people in the Sunday Pride March Parade from 26th and 27th August 2017. In 2018, she launched a project titled \u201cTinogona\u201d\u201cYes We Can\u201d \u201cJa Vi Kan\u201d 2018 to 2019 which aims to integrate the Asylum Seekers in V\u00e4stern\u00f6rland Region and also aims to participate with Swedish Nationals and Citizens in breaking the barriers of learning Swedish Language."], "answer": {"text": "supposed to write the lyrics,", "answer_start": 384}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first show Sondheim wrote that was produced on Broadway?", "answer": {"text": "Romeo and Juliet", "answer_start": 275, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a85fe365e96c46e2a84a3f95475a325b_0_q#2", "question": "He was supposed to write the lyrics--what happened?", "rewrite": "Sondheim was supposed to write the lyrics for his first show that was produced on Broadway--what happened?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1957, West Side Story opened; directed by Jerome Robbins, it ran for 732 performances. Sondheim has expressed dissatisfaction with his lyrics, saying that they do not always fit the characters and are sometimes too consciously poetic. While Bernstein was working on Candide, Sondheim reportedly wrote some of West Side Story's music; Bernstein's co-lyricist credit disappeared from West Side Story during its tryout, possibly as a trade-off. Sondheim insisted that Bernstein told the producers to list him as the sole lyricist. He described the division of the royalties, saying that Bernstein received three percent and he received one percent. Bernstein suggested evening the percentage at two percent each, but Sondheim refused because he wanted the credit. Sondheim later said he wished \"someone stuffed a handkerchief in my mouth because it would have been nice to get that extra percentage\". After West Side Story opened, Shevelove lamented the lack of \"low-brow comedy\" on Broadway and mentioned a possible musical based on Plautus' Roman comedies. When Sondheim was interested in the idea he called a friend, Larry Gelbart, to co-write the script. The show went through a number of drafts, and was interrupted briefly by Sondheim's next project. In 1959, Sondheim was approached by Laurents and Robbins for a musical version of Gypsy Rose Lee's memoir after Irving Berlin and Cole Porter turned it down. Sondheim agreed, but Ethel Merman - cast as Mama Rose - had just finished Happy Hunting with an unknown composer (Harold Karr) and lyricist (Matt Dubey). Although Sondheim wanted to write the music and lyrics, Merman refused to let another first-time composer write for her and demanded that Jule Styne write the music.", "Sondheim on Sondheim Sondheim on Sondheim is a musical revue consisting of music and lyrics written by Stephen Sondheim for his many shows. It is conceived and directed by James Lapine. The revue had a limited run on Broadway in 2010. The revue is based on a show titled \"Moving On\" devised by David Kernan, and produced in 2000 (Kernan also conceived \"Side By Side By Sondheim\"). \"Moving On\" ran at The Bridwell Theatre, London, for 32 performances from July 19 to August 19, 2000. The show featured some narration recorded by Sondheim; a CD of the show was released but did not include the Sondheim narrations. In 2001, \"Moving On\" premiered in the U.S. at The Laguna Playhouse in California. David Kernan, repeated his roles as conceiver and director. Three Sondheim vets, Teri Ralston (\"Company\"), Ann Morrison (\"Merrily We Roll Along\") and David Engel (\"Putting It Together\"), lead the revue with Christopher Carothers and Tami Tappan also in the cast. Under a new title, \"Opening Doors\", the show had several performances in New York at Carnegie Hall's Zankel Hall in September and October 2004. Lapine conceived a version of the revue in 2008, titled \"iSondheim: aMusical Revue\", to help celebrate the 40th anniversary of Alliance Theatre company in Atlanta, Georgia. This was structured as a multimedia revue, incorporating \"original and archival commentary\" from Sondheim. The revue was promoted as taking audience members \"to the very heart of Sondheim's life and work.", "The show went on to win 2 Tony Awards and won the Grammy Award in 2011 for Best Musical Show Album. Hebel originated and helped create the role of Concertmaster for the hit Broadway show \"Wicked\" in 2003. Hebel held the role of Concertmaster for over 12 years on Broadway where they won 3 Tony Awards and received a Grammy Award. On July 12, 2018, with its 6,138th performance, it surpassed \"A Chorus Line\" to become Broadway's sixth-longest running show. In March 2016, Wicked surpassed $1 billion in total Broadway revenue, joining both \"The Phantom of the Opera\" and \"The Lion King\" as the only Broadway shows to do so. In July 2017, Wicked surpassed \"The Phantom of the Opera\" as Broadway's second-highest grossing show, trailing only \"The Lion King\". Hebel originated and helped create the violin and concertmaster role in Craig Lucas and Adam Guettel's 2005 Broadway musical \"The Light in the Piazza\". Hebel began work on the show in 2002 in New York City and performed in productions in Seattle in 2003 and on Broadway in 2005. The show was awarded 6 Tony Awards in 2005. Hebel originated and helped create the violin part for Stephen Sondheim's Broadway show \"Sondheim On Sondheim\" in 2010 starring Barbara Cook and Vanessa Williams. The musical features interviews with Sondheim. The songs, including well-known, less-known and cut material, were from nineteen Sondheim shows (including student shows) produced over a 62-year period, including several songs from each of \"West Side Story\", \"Company\", Follies, \" A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum\", \"Sunday in the Park with George\", \"Merrily We Roll Along\", \"Passion\", and Into the Woods.", "Sondheim, concerned that writing lyrics again would pigeonhole him as a lyricist, called his mentor for advice. Hammerstein told him he should take the job, because writing a vehicle for a star would be a good learning experience. Sondheim agreed; Gypsy opened on May 21, 1959, and ran for 702 performances. Merrily's failure greatly affected Sondheim; he was ready to quit theatre and do movies, create video games or write mysteries: \"I wanted to find something to satisfy myself that does not involve Broadway and dealing with all those people who hate me and hate Hal.\" Sondheim and Prince's collaboration was suspended from Merrily to the 2003 production of Bounce, another failure. However, Sondheim decided \"that there are better places to start a show\" and found a new collaborator in James Lapine after he saw Lapine's Twelve Dreams off-Broadway in 1981: \"I was discouraged, and I don't know what would have happened if I hadn't discovered Twelve Dreams at the Public Theatre\"; Lapine has a taste \"for the avant-garde and for visually-oriented theatre in particular\". Their first collaboration was Sunday in the Park with George (1984), with Sondheim's music evoking Georges Seurat's pointillism. Sondheim and Lapine won the 1985 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for the play, and it was revived on Broadway in 2008, and again in a limited run in 2017. They collaborated on Into the Woods (1987), a musical based on several Brothers Grimm fairy tales. Although Sondheim has been called the first composer to bring rap music to Broadway (with the Witch in the opening number of \"Into the Woods\"), he attributes the first rap in theatre to Meredith Willson's \"Rock Island\" from The Music Man.", "Burt Shevelove invited Sondheim to a party; Sondheim arrived before him, and knew no one else well. He saw a familiar face: Arthur Laurents, who had seen one of the auditions of Saturday Night, and they began talking. Laurents told him he was working on a musical version of Romeo and Juliet with Leonard Bernstein, but they needed a lyricist; Betty Comden and Adolph Green, who were supposed to write the lyrics, were under contract in Hollywood. He said that although he was not a big fan of Sondheim's music, he enjoyed the lyrics from Saturday Night and he could audition for Bernstein. Sondheim met Bernstein the following day, played for him and Bernstein said he would let him know. The composer wanted to write music and lyrics; after consulting with Hammerstein, Bernstein told Sondheim he could write music later. In 1957, West Side Story opened; directed by Jerome Robbins, it ran for 732 performances. Sondheim has expressed dissatisfaction with his lyrics, saying that they do not always fit the characters and are sometimes too consciously poetic. While Bernstein was working on Candide, Sondheim reportedly wrote some of West Side Story's music; Bernstein's co-lyricist credit disappeared from West Side Story during its tryout, possibly as a trade-off. Sondheim insisted that Bernstein told the producers to list him as the sole lyricist. He described the division of the royalties, saying that Bernstein received three percent and he received one percent. Bernstein suggested evening the percentage at two percent each, but Sondheim refused because he wanted the credit. Sondheim later said he wished \"someone stuffed a handkerchief in my mouth because it would have been nice to get that extra percentage\"."], "answer": {"text": "he was not a big fan of Sondheim's music, he enjoyed the lyrics", "answer_start": 470}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was the first show Sondheim wrote that was produced on Broadway?", "answer": {"text": "Romeo and Juliet", "answer_start": 275, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write the music, the lyrics, or both?", "answer": {"text": "supposed to write the lyrics,", "answer_start": 384, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e7ea33ad7600494bad01d395a5b3e5e2_0_q#0", "question": "What music did the Rolling Stones make", "rewrite": "What music did the Rolling Stones make", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Rolling Stones 1964 tours The Rolling Stones had six concert tours in 1964. The Rolling Stones' first British tour was a concert tour. The tour commenced on 6 January and concluded on 27 January 1964. The Rolling Stones' 2nd British tour was a concert tour. The tour commenced on 8 February and concluded on 7 March 1964. The Rolling Stones' 1st American tour was the band's first concert tour of America. The tour commenced on 5 June and concluded on 20 June 1964. On this tour, the band supported their first U.S. album \"The Rolling Stones\". On 31 July 1964 the Rolling Stones played their first ever two dates in Ireland ... the first in Dublin, and the second, on their way home via Belfast International Airport, in Ballymena (the Flamingo Ballroom) where they played for S.D.Barr with the Cossacks Showband. They appeared that evening at 12.30 a.m. in the morning to a packed house. It was a warm up for their 3rd British tour and a taster for their first Irish tour the next year. The Rolling Stones' 3rd British tour was a concert tour by the band. The tour commenced on 1 August and concluded on 22 August 1964. It included a single concert in the Netherlands and concluded with concerts in the Channel Islands. The Rolling Stones' 4th British tour was a concert tour by the band. The tour commenced on 5 September and concluded on 11 October 1964. The Rolling Stones' 2nd American tour was a concert tour by the band. The tour commenced on 30 September 1964 and concluded on 15 October 1964. On this tour, the band supported their album \"12 X 5\".", "The Rolling Stones 1965 tours The Rolling Stones had eleven concert tours in 1965. The Rolling Stones' Irish tour was the first concert tour of Northern Ireland and Ireland by The Rolling Stones. The tour commenced on 6 January and concluded on 8 January 1965. The Rolling Stones' Far East tour was the first concert tour of Oceania by the band. The tour commenced on 22 January and concluded on 16 February 1965. This series of concerts was a package tour with Roy Orbison and The Newbeats, and was promoted by Harry M. Miller. In Australia, there were different local support acts in each city. Parts of the Sydney leg of the tour were filmed by Movietone News and screened in cinemas. Footage in \"Stones Roll Down Under\" included their arrival at Sydney Airport, part of the airport press conference and part of the performance of \"Not Fade Away\" from their first Sydney show. The Rolling Stone]' 1st British tour was a concert tour by the band. The tour commenced on 5 March and concluded on 18 March 1965. Parts of the Liverpool (6 March) and Manchester (7 March) shows were recorded for \"Got Live If You Want It!\", the third official EP by The Rolling Stones. The Rolling Stones' 1st European Tour was the first concert tour of Scandinavia by the band. The tour commenced on 26 March and concluded on 2 April 1965. The Rolling Stones' 2nd European tour was the first concert tour of France by the band. The tour commenced on 16 April and concluded on 18 April 1965. The Rolling Stones' 1st American tour of 1965 was actually their third American tour, having toured the US twice in 1964. This tour included their first concert dates in Canada. The tour commenced on 23 April and concluded on 29 May 1965. On this tour, the band supported their album \"The Rolling Stones, Now!\".", "The Rolling Stones No. 2 The Rolling Stones No. 2 is the second UK studio album by the English rock band the Rolling Stones, released in 1965 following the success of their 1964 debut album \"The Rolling Stones\". It followed its predecessor's tendency to largely feature R&B covers. However, it does contain three compositions from the still-developing Mick Jagger/Keith Richards songwriting team. On Dutch and German pressings of the album, the title is listed as \"The Rolling Stones Vol. 2 \" on the front cover, although the back of the album cover lists the title as \"The Rolling Stones No. 2\". Using the cover shot for \"12 X 5\", the second US-released album in October 1964, \"The Rolling Stones No. 2 \"'s track listing would largely be emulated on the upcoming US release of \"The Rolling Stones, Now!\". While Eric Easton was co-credited as producer alongside Andrew Loog Oldham on The Rolling Stones' debut album, Oldham takes full production duties for \"The Rolling Stones No. 2\", which was recorded sporadically in the UK and US during 1964. A huge hit in the UK upon release, \"The Rolling Stones No. 2 \" spent 10 weeks at No. 1 in early 1965, becoming one of the year's biggest sellers in the UK. According to Bill Wyman in his book \"Stone Alone: The Story of a Rock 'n' Roll Band\", John Lennon said of \"The Rolling Stones No. 2\": \" The album's great, but I don't like five-minute numbers.\" Due to ABKCO's preference towards the American albums, they overlooked both \"The Rolling Stones\" and \"The Rolling Stones No. 2\" for CD release in 1986 and during its remastering series in 2002.", "The label also released a solo single by Keith Richards in December 1978: a rendition of Chuck Berry's \"Run Rudolph Run\" backed by a version of Jimmy Cliff's \"The Harder They Come\". Unlike Apple Records, Grunt Records, Purple Records or Swan Song Records (the vanity labels of the Beatles, Jefferson Airplane, Deep Purple and Led Zeppelin respectively), Rolling Stones Records never made much of an effort to sign outside artists. Kracker, a Cuban rock group produced by Rolling Stones' producer, Jimmy Miller, was the first outside act to be signed to Rolling Stones Records in 1973. Kracker, along with Billy Preston, opened the show for the Stones during their 1973 European Tour. John Phillips was signed to Rolling Stones Records in 1976. In 1978 Peter Tosh, a former member of Bob Marley's band the Wailers signed a recording deal with Rolling Stones Records. His first album for the label, \"Bush Doctor\", which featured Jagger on the track \"Don't Look Back\", was moderately successful. Despite further moderate success, Tosh left the label in 1981, citing lack of promotion and a personal feud with the Rolling Stones. Jagger released his first solo albums, \"She's the Boss\" and \"Primitive Cool\", in 1985 and 1987 respectively, through a newly conceived partnership between Rolling Stones Records and CBS Records (now Sony Music). Thus the trademark Rolling Stones logo was affixed to each record and the label \"Rolling Stones Records\" was also printed on each new release, which angered Keith Richards. In fact, through the 1980s and early 1990s, \"Rolling Stones Records\" continued to be printed on the labels of all new releases up through \"Flashpoint\" (1991). However, as the back catalogue has been shifted to Virgin/EMI, these markers are the last vapour trails of Rolling Stones Records.", "The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus was a concert show organised by the Rolling Stones on 11 December 1968. The show was filmed on a makeshift circus stage with Jethro Tull, the Who, Taj Mahal, Marianne Faithfull, and the Rolling Stones. John Lennon and his fiancee Yoko Ono also performed as part of a one-shot supergroup called the Dirty Mac, featuring Eric Clapton, Mitch Mitchell, and Keith Richards. The original idea for the concert was going to include the Small Faces, the Rolling Stones, and the Who, and the concept of a circus was first thought up between Mick Jagger, Pete Townshend and Ronnie Lane. It was meant to be aired on the BBC, but instead the Rolling Stones withheld it. The Rolling Stones contended they did so because of their substandard performance, clearly exhausted after 15 hours (and some indulgence in drugs). There is also the fact that this was Brian Jones last appearance with the Rolling Stones; he drowned some seven months later while the film was being edited. Some speculate that another reason for not releasing the film was that the Who, who were fresh off a concert tour, seemingly upstaged the Stones on their own production. Led Zeppelin was considered for inclusion but the idea was dropped. The show was not released commercially until 1996. The project was originally conceived by Mick Jagger as a way to promote the new record \"Beggars Banquet\" beside conventional press and concert appearances. Jagger approached Michael Lindsay-Hogg, who had directed two promos for Rolling Stones songs (and would go on to direct the Beatles' \"Let It Be\" documentary), to make a full-length TV show for them."], "answer": {"text": "guitar-driven rock and roll,", "answer_start": 298}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e7ea33ad7600494bad01d395a5b3e5e2_0_q#1", "question": "Name one song?", "rewrite": "Name one rolling stones song?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Don't Stop (Rolling Stones song) \"Don't Stop\" is a single by rock band the Rolling Stones featured on their 2002 compilation album \"Forty Licks\". Credited to singer Mick Jagger and guitarist Keith Richards, \"Don't Stop\" was largely the work of Jagger. Writing began during Jagger's preparations for his 2001 album \"Goddess in the Doorway\". At the time of release, he commented, \"For me, doing a solo album or a Stones album is all the same, with one proviso: that when I'm writing for the Rolling Stones I don't mind if the song sounds like the ones the Stones do, whereas if I'm writing, but not recording with the Rolling Stones, I don't want the song to contain too many of the clich\u00e9s that one associates with the Rolling Stones, so I try quite hard to avoid them. Before the release of \"Forty Licks\", I wrote 'Don't Stop' in the same period that I was writing the songs for my solo album, and I just put it to one side and said to myself, 'This sounds very much like the Rolling Stones to me. It might be very useful in the coming months, but I'll leave it for now and I won't record it because I think it's going to be better for the Stones.'\" A straightforward rocker featuring a trademark opening riff from Richards, \"Don't Stop\" tells of a rough love affair between the singer and his lover: Recording began on \"Don't Stop\" in the early summer of 2002 at Guillaume Tell Studios, in Suresnes, France. On the recording, Richards said at the time, \"['Don't Stop' is] basically all Mick. He had the song when we got to Paris to record.", "Slave (Rolling Stones song) \"Slave\" is a song by The Rolling Stones on their 1981 album \" Tattoo You\". Written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, \"Slave\" was originally recorded in Rotterdam, Netherlands (under the working title, \"Vagina\"), using the Rolling Stones Mobile Studio in late January or early February 1975. During that time, the Rolling Stones were faced with the unexpected challenge of filling the recently vacated position of second guitarist, after the abrupt departure of Mick Taylor. The track features Billy Preston on electric piano and organ (although the organ could also have been played by Ian Stewart). The Who's Pete Townshend provided backing vocals for the recording and one of saxophonist Sonny Rollins' three performances on tracks for the album appeared as well. Percussion by Ollie E. Brown was recorded in 1975, with Mike Carabello adding conga during the 1981 overdub sessions. Called \"...a standard Stones blues jam\" in the album review by \"Rolling Stone\", \"Slave\" was the result of the Stones' experiments with funk and dance music during the \"Black and Blue\" recording sessions of 1974/75. The lyrics are sparse outside of a brief spoken verse by Jagger and the refrain of \"\"Don't want to be your slave\"\". Keith Richards provide the electric guitar part for the song, with Charlie Watts and Bill Wyman supporting on drums and bass, respectively. The song was never performed by the Stones on stage - although rehearsed in 2002 - and appears on no compilation album. The 1994 Virgin Records CD reissue of \"Tattoo You\" contains an additional 90 seconds of \"Slave\".", "I'm Free (Rolling Stones song) \"I'm Free\" is a song by the Rolling Stones written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, first released as the final track on the UK \"Out of Our Heads\" album on 24 September 1965. It was also released at the same time as a single in the US and later included on the American \"December's Children (And Everybody's) \" album. The Rolling Stones recorded a re-worked acoustic version for their 1995 album \"Stripped\", and performed a live version in the 2008 film \"Shine a Light\", which was included on the accompanying live album. In 2007 a remixed version of the original recording was used in a television commercial for the Chase Freedom credit card and in 2008 it was used in a UK commercial for a Renault SUV. The original vinyl bootleg \" Live'r Than You'll Ever Be\" included a live version recorded in Oakland, California, in November 1969. Rolling Stone magazine ranked \"I'm Free\" as the 78th greatest Rolling Stones song, saying: \"A tambourine-spangled folk rocker with chime-y, Byrds-like guitar, this offhandedly libertarian tune wasn't a big hit, but it's one of the Sixties' most pliant anthems. \" The Guardian identified the song as an example of the improving songwriting of Jagger and Richards at the time, describing the song as \"gleefully hymning the arrogance of youth.\" The song uses a line from The Beatles' 1964 song \"Eight Days a Week\": \"Hold me, love me, hold me, love me.\" Scottish alternative rock/dance band the Soup Dragons covered the song in 1990. Their version featured a toasted verse by Junior Reid.", "Out of Time (Rolling Stones song) \"Out of Time\" is a song by the Rolling Stones, first released on their 1966 album \"Aftermath\" (UK version). The most commercially successful version of the song was by the singer Chris Farlowe, an English solo artist. Farlowe's single, produced by Jagger, peaked at number one in the UK Singles Chart on 28 July 1966 and stayed at the top for one week. A shorter alternative mix of the Rolling Stones' recording was released in the US in 1967 on the album \"Flowers\". A third version featuring Mick Jagger's lead vocal and the orchestration and backing vocals from Chris Farlowe's cover version (plus a new female backing vocal) was released on the 1975 rarities album \"Metamorphosis\" and as a single. The song was written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards. Mick Jagger produced the hit single version by Chris Farlowe. The Rolling Stones released three versions of \"Out of Time\". The first, recorded by the band in Los Angeles in March 1966, appeared on the UK version of 1966's \"Aftermath\" and featured a marimba part played by Brian Jones. In this format \"Out of Time\" was 5:37 long. A shorter version of this recording appeared in the US on 1967\u2019s \"Flowers\", and later on 1972\u2019s \"More Hot Rocks (Big Hits & Fazed Cookies)\" and 2012\u2019s \"GRRR!\" super deluxe edition. The song also appeared on the Stones' 1975 ABKCO album \"Metamorphosis\", which was created under the direction of former Stones manager Allen Klein and released on his ABKCO Records label. (Klein owned the rights to the pre-1971 Rolling Stones catalog.).", "The Rolling Stones No. 2 The Rolling Stones No. 2 is the second UK studio album by the English rock band the Rolling Stones, released in 1965 following the success of their 1964 debut album \"The Rolling Stones\". It followed its predecessor's tendency to largely feature R&B covers. However, it does contain three compositions from the still-developing Mick Jagger/Keith Richards songwriting team. On Dutch and German pressings of the album, the title is listed as \"The Rolling Stones Vol. 2 \" on the front cover, although the back of the album cover lists the title as \"The Rolling Stones No. 2\". Using the cover shot for \"12 X 5\", the second US-released album in October 1964, \"The Rolling Stones No. 2 \"'s track listing would largely be emulated on the upcoming US release of \"The Rolling Stones, Now!\". While Eric Easton was co-credited as producer alongside Andrew Loog Oldham on The Rolling Stones' debut album, Oldham takes full production duties for \"The Rolling Stones No. 2\", which was recorded sporadically in the UK and US during 1964. A huge hit in the UK upon release, \"The Rolling Stones No. 2 \" spent 10 weeks at No. 1 in early 1965, becoming one of the year's biggest sellers in the UK. According to Bill Wyman in his book \"Stone Alone: The Story of a Rock 'n' Roll Band\", John Lennon said of \"The Rolling Stones No. 2\": \" The album's great, but I don't like five-minute numbers.\" Due to ABKCO's preference towards the American albums, they overlooked both \"The Rolling Stones\" and \"The Rolling Stones No. 2\" for CD release in 1986 and during its remastering series in 2002."], "answer": {"text": "Miss You", "answer_start": 126}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What music did the Rolling Stones make", "answer": {"text": "guitar-driven rock and roll,", "answer_start": 298, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e7ea33ad7600494bad01d395a5b3e5e2_0_q#2", "question": "Any other songs?", "rewrite": "Any other songs from the rolling stones aside from \"Miss You\"?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Rolling Stones No. 2 The Rolling Stones No. 2 is the second UK studio album by the English rock band the Rolling Stones, released in 1965 following the success of their 1964 debut album \"The Rolling Stones\". It followed its predecessor's tendency to largely feature R&B covers. However, it does contain three compositions from the still-developing Mick Jagger/Keith Richards songwriting team. On Dutch and German pressings of the album, the title is listed as \"The Rolling Stones Vol. 2 \" on the front cover, although the back of the album cover lists the title as \"The Rolling Stones No. 2\". Using the cover shot for \"12 X 5\", the second US-released album in October 1964, \"The Rolling Stones No. 2 \"'s track listing would largely be emulated on the upcoming US release of \"The Rolling Stones, Now!\". While Eric Easton was co-credited as producer alongside Andrew Loog Oldham on The Rolling Stones' debut album, Oldham takes full production duties for \"The Rolling Stones No. 2\", which was recorded sporadically in the UK and US during 1964. A huge hit in the UK upon release, \"The Rolling Stones No. 2 \" spent 10 weeks at No. 1 in early 1965, becoming one of the year's biggest sellers in the UK. According to Bill Wyman in his book \"Stone Alone: The Story of a Rock 'n' Roll Band\", John Lennon said of \"The Rolling Stones No. 2\": \" The album's great, but I don't like five-minute numbers.\" Due to ABKCO's preference towards the American albums, they overlooked both \"The Rolling Stones\" and \"The Rolling Stones No. 2\" for CD release in 1986 and during its remastering series in 2002.", "The Rolling Stones 1965 tours The Rolling Stones had eleven concert tours in 1965. The Rolling Stones' Irish tour was the first concert tour of Northern Ireland and Ireland by The Rolling Stones. The tour commenced on 6 January and concluded on 8 January 1965. The Rolling Stones' Far East tour was the first concert tour of Oceania by the band. The tour commenced on 22 January and concluded on 16 February 1965. This series of concerts was a package tour with Roy Orbison and The Newbeats, and was promoted by Harry M. Miller. In Australia, there were different local support acts in each city. Parts of the Sydney leg of the tour were filmed by Movietone News and screened in cinemas. Footage in \"Stones Roll Down Under\" included their arrival at Sydney Airport, part of the airport press conference and part of the performance of \"Not Fade Away\" from their first Sydney show. The Rolling Stone]' 1st British tour was a concert tour by the band. The tour commenced on 5 March and concluded on 18 March 1965. Parts of the Liverpool (6 March) and Manchester (7 March) shows were recorded for \"Got Live If You Want It!\", the third official EP by The Rolling Stones. The Rolling Stones' 1st European Tour was the first concert tour of Scandinavia by the band. The tour commenced on 26 March and concluded on 2 April 1965. The Rolling Stones' 2nd European tour was the first concert tour of France by the band. The tour commenced on 16 April and concluded on 18 April 1965. The Rolling Stones' 1st American tour of 1965 was actually their third American tour, having toured the US twice in 1964. This tour included their first concert dates in Canada. The tour commenced on 23 April and concluded on 29 May 1965. On this tour, the band supported their album \"The Rolling Stones, Now!\".", "The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus was a concert show organised by the Rolling Stones on 11 December 1968. The show was filmed on a makeshift circus stage with Jethro Tull, the Who, Taj Mahal, Marianne Faithfull, and the Rolling Stones. John Lennon and his fiancee Yoko Ono also performed as part of a one-shot supergroup called the Dirty Mac, featuring Eric Clapton, Mitch Mitchell, and Keith Richards. The original idea for the concert was going to include the Small Faces, the Rolling Stones, and the Who, and the concept of a circus was first thought up between Mick Jagger, Pete Townshend and Ronnie Lane. It was meant to be aired on the BBC, but instead the Rolling Stones withheld it. The Rolling Stones contended they did so because of their substandard performance, clearly exhausted after 15 hours (and some indulgence in drugs). There is also the fact that this was Brian Jones last appearance with the Rolling Stones; he drowned some seven months later while the film was being edited. Some speculate that another reason for not releasing the film was that the Who, who were fresh off a concert tour, seemingly upstaged the Stones on their own production. Led Zeppelin was considered for inclusion but the idea was dropped. The show was not released commercially until 1996. The project was originally conceived by Mick Jagger as a way to promote the new record \"Beggars Banquet\" beside conventional press and concert appearances. Jagger approached Michael Lindsay-Hogg, who had directed two promos for Rolling Stones songs (and would go on to direct the Beatles' \"Let It Be\" documentary), to make a full-length TV show for them.", "The label also released a solo single by Keith Richards in December 1978: a rendition of Chuck Berry's \"Run Rudolph Run\" backed by a version of Jimmy Cliff's \"The Harder They Come\". Unlike Apple Records, Grunt Records, Purple Records or Swan Song Records (the vanity labels of the Beatles, Jefferson Airplane, Deep Purple and Led Zeppelin respectively), Rolling Stones Records never made much of an effort to sign outside artists. Kracker, a Cuban rock group produced by Rolling Stones' producer, Jimmy Miller, was the first outside act to be signed to Rolling Stones Records in 1973. Kracker, along with Billy Preston, opened the show for the Stones during their 1973 European Tour. John Phillips was signed to Rolling Stones Records in 1976. In 1978 Peter Tosh, a former member of Bob Marley's band the Wailers signed a recording deal with Rolling Stones Records. His first album for the label, \"Bush Doctor\", which featured Jagger on the track \"Don't Look Back\", was moderately successful. Despite further moderate success, Tosh left the label in 1981, citing lack of promotion and a personal feud with the Rolling Stones. Jagger released his first solo albums, \"She's the Boss\" and \"Primitive Cool\", in 1985 and 1987 respectively, through a newly conceived partnership between Rolling Stones Records and CBS Records (now Sony Music). Thus the trademark Rolling Stones logo was affixed to each record and the label \"Rolling Stones Records\" was also printed on each new release, which angered Keith Richards. In fact, through the 1980s and early 1990s, \"Rolling Stones Records\" continued to be printed on the labels of all new releases up through \"Flashpoint\" (1991). However, as the back catalogue has been shifted to Virgin/EMI, these markers are the last vapour trails of Rolling Stones Records.", "The Rolling Stones 1964 tours The Rolling Stones had six concert tours in 1964. The Rolling Stones' first British tour was a concert tour. The tour commenced on 6 January and concluded on 27 January 1964. The Rolling Stones' 2nd British tour was a concert tour. The tour commenced on 8 February and concluded on 7 March 1964. The Rolling Stones' 1st American tour was the band's first concert tour of America. The tour commenced on 5 June and concluded on 20 June 1964. On this tour, the band supported their first U.S. album \"The Rolling Stones\". On 31 July 1964 the Rolling Stones played their first ever two dates in Ireland ... the first in Dublin, and the second, on their way home via Belfast International Airport, in Ballymena (the Flamingo Ballroom) where they played for S.D.Barr with the Cossacks Showband. They appeared that evening at 12.30 a.m. in the morning to a packed house. It was a warm up for their 3rd British tour and a taster for their first Irish tour the next year. The Rolling Stones' 3rd British tour was a concert tour by the band. The tour commenced on 1 August and concluded on 22 August 1964. It included a single concert in the Netherlands and concluded with concerts in the Channel Islands. The Rolling Stones' 4th British tour was a concert tour by the band. The tour commenced on 5 September and concluded on 11 October 1964. The Rolling Stones' 2nd American tour was a concert tour by the band. The tour commenced on 30 September 1964 and concluded on 15 October 1964. On this tour, the band supported their album \"12 X 5\"."], "answer": {"text": "\"Far Away Eyes\", \"Beast of Burden\", and \"Shattered\".", "answer_start": 156}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What music did the Rolling Stones make", "answer": {"text": "guitar-driven rock and roll,", "answer_start": 298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Name one song?", "answer": {"text": "Miss You", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e7ea33ad7600494bad01d395a5b3e5e2_0_q#3", "question": "Who was members of the group", "rewrite": "Who were members of the rolling stones?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Rolling Stones 1964 tours The Rolling Stones had six concert tours in 1964. The Rolling Stones' first British tour was a concert tour. The tour commenced on 6 January and concluded on 27 January 1964. The Rolling Stones' 2nd British tour was a concert tour. The tour commenced on 8 February and concluded on 7 March 1964. The Rolling Stones' 1st American tour was the band's first concert tour of America. The tour commenced on 5 June and concluded on 20 June 1964. On this tour, the band supported their first U.S. album \"The Rolling Stones\". On 31 July 1964 the Rolling Stones played their first ever two dates in Ireland ... the first in Dublin, and the second, on their way home via Belfast International Airport, in Ballymena (the Flamingo Ballroom) where they played for S.D.Barr with the Cossacks Showband. They appeared that evening at 12.30 a.m. in the morning to a packed house. It was a warm up for their 3rd British tour and a taster for their first Irish tour the next year. The Rolling Stones' 3rd British tour was a concert tour by the band. The tour commenced on 1 August and concluded on 22 August 1964. It included a single concert in the Netherlands and concluded with concerts in the Channel Islands. The Rolling Stones' 4th British tour was a concert tour by the band. The tour commenced on 5 September and concluded on 11 October 1964. The Rolling Stones' 2nd American tour was a concert tour by the band. The tour commenced on 30 September 1964 and concluded on 15 October 1964. On this tour, the band supported their album \"12 X 5\".", "The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus was a concert show organised by the Rolling Stones on 11 December 1968. The show was filmed on a makeshift circus stage with Jethro Tull, the Who, Taj Mahal, Marianne Faithfull, and the Rolling Stones. John Lennon and his fiancee Yoko Ono also performed as part of a one-shot supergroup called the Dirty Mac, featuring Eric Clapton, Mitch Mitchell, and Keith Richards. The original idea for the concert was going to include the Small Faces, the Rolling Stones, and the Who, and the concept of a circus was first thought up between Mick Jagger, Pete Townshend and Ronnie Lane. It was meant to be aired on the BBC, but instead the Rolling Stones withheld it. The Rolling Stones contended they did so because of their substandard performance, clearly exhausted after 15 hours (and some indulgence in drugs). There is also the fact that this was Brian Jones last appearance with the Rolling Stones; he drowned some seven months later while the film was being edited. Some speculate that another reason for not releasing the film was that the Who, who were fresh off a concert tour, seemingly upstaged the Stones on their own production. Led Zeppelin was considered for inclusion but the idea was dropped. The show was not released commercially until 1996. The project was originally conceived by Mick Jagger as a way to promote the new record \"Beggars Banquet\" beside conventional press and concert appearances. Jagger approached Michael Lindsay-Hogg, who had directed two promos for Rolling Stones songs (and would go on to direct the Beatles' \"Let It Be\" documentary), to make a full-length TV show for them.", "The Rolling Stones 1965 tours The Rolling Stones had eleven concert tours in 1965. The Rolling Stones' Irish tour was the first concert tour of Northern Ireland and Ireland by The Rolling Stones. The tour commenced on 6 January and concluded on 8 January 1965. The Rolling Stones' Far East tour was the first concert tour of Oceania by the band. The tour commenced on 22 January and concluded on 16 February 1965. This series of concerts was a package tour with Roy Orbison and The Newbeats, and was promoted by Harry M. Miller. In Australia, there were different local support acts in each city. Parts of the Sydney leg of the tour were filmed by Movietone News and screened in cinemas. Footage in \"Stones Roll Down Under\" included their arrival at Sydney Airport, part of the airport press conference and part of the performance of \"Not Fade Away\" from their first Sydney show. The Rolling Stone]' 1st British tour was a concert tour by the band. The tour commenced on 5 March and concluded on 18 March 1965. Parts of the Liverpool (6 March) and Manchester (7 March) shows were recorded for \"Got Live If You Want It!\", the third official EP by The Rolling Stones. The Rolling Stones' 1st European Tour was the first concert tour of Scandinavia by the band. The tour commenced on 26 March and concluded on 2 April 1965. The Rolling Stones' 2nd European tour was the first concert tour of France by the band. The tour commenced on 16 April and concluded on 18 April 1965. The Rolling Stones' 1st American tour of 1965 was actually their third American tour, having toured the US twice in 1964. This tour included their first concert dates in Canada. The tour commenced on 23 April and concluded on 29 May 1965. On this tour, the band supported their album \"The Rolling Stones, Now!\".", "The Rolling Stones No. 2 The Rolling Stones No. 2 is the second UK studio album by the English rock band the Rolling Stones, released in 1965 following the success of their 1964 debut album \"The Rolling Stones\". It followed its predecessor's tendency to largely feature R&B covers. However, it does contain three compositions from the still-developing Mick Jagger/Keith Richards songwriting team. On Dutch and German pressings of the album, the title is listed as \"The Rolling Stones Vol. 2 \" on the front cover, although the back of the album cover lists the title as \"The Rolling Stones No. 2\". Using the cover shot for \"12 X 5\", the second US-released album in October 1964, \"The Rolling Stones No. 2 \"'s track listing would largely be emulated on the upcoming US release of \"The Rolling Stones, Now!\". While Eric Easton was co-credited as producer alongside Andrew Loog Oldham on The Rolling Stones' debut album, Oldham takes full production duties for \"The Rolling Stones No. 2\", which was recorded sporadically in the UK and US during 1964. A huge hit in the UK upon release, \"The Rolling Stones No. 2 \" spent 10 weeks at No. 1 in early 1965, becoming one of the year's biggest sellers in the UK. According to Bill Wyman in his book \"Stone Alone: The Story of a Rock 'n' Roll Band\", John Lennon said of \"The Rolling Stones No. 2\": \" The album's great, but I don't like five-minute numbers.\" Due to ABKCO's preference towards the American albums, they overlooked both \"The Rolling Stones\" and \"The Rolling Stones No. 2\" for CD release in 1986 and during its remastering series in 2002.", "The label also released a solo single by Keith Richards in December 1978: a rendition of Chuck Berry's \"Run Rudolph Run\" backed by a version of Jimmy Cliff's \"The Harder They Come\". Unlike Apple Records, Grunt Records, Purple Records or Swan Song Records (the vanity labels of the Beatles, Jefferson Airplane, Deep Purple and Led Zeppelin respectively), Rolling Stones Records never made much of an effort to sign outside artists. Kracker, a Cuban rock group produced by Rolling Stones' producer, Jimmy Miller, was the first outside act to be signed to Rolling Stones Records in 1973. Kracker, along with Billy Preston, opened the show for the Stones during their 1973 European Tour. John Phillips was signed to Rolling Stones Records in 1976. In 1978 Peter Tosh, a former member of Bob Marley's band the Wailers signed a recording deal with Rolling Stones Records. His first album for the label, \"Bush Doctor\", which featured Jagger on the track \"Don't Look Back\", was moderately successful. Despite further moderate success, Tosh left the label in 1981, citing lack of promotion and a personal feud with the Rolling Stones. Jagger released his first solo albums, \"She's the Boss\" and \"Primitive Cool\", in 1985 and 1987 respectively, through a newly conceived partnership between Rolling Stones Records and CBS Records (now Sony Music). Thus the trademark Rolling Stones logo was affixed to each record and the label \"Rolling Stones Records\" was also printed on each new release, which angered Keith Richards. In fact, through the 1980s and early 1990s, \"Rolling Stones Records\" continued to be printed on the labels of all new releases up through \"Flashpoint\" (1991). However, as the back catalogue has been shifted to Virgin/EMI, these markers are the last vapour trails of Rolling Stones Records."], "answer": {"text": "Jagger and Richards", "answer_start": 721}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What music did the Rolling Stones make", "answer": {"text": "guitar-driven rock and roll,", "answer_start": 298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Name one song?", "answer": {"text": "Miss You", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other songs?", "answer": {"text": "\"Far Away Eyes\", \"Beast of Burden\", and \"Shattered\".", "answer_start": 156, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e7ea33ad7600494bad01d395a5b3e5e2_0_q#4", "question": "What else was interesting in this article", "rewrite": "What else was interesting in this article besides the rolling stones songs and the names of the group members?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus was a concert show organised by the Rolling Stones on 11 December 1968. The show was filmed on a makeshift circus stage with Jethro Tull, the Who, Taj Mahal, Marianne Faithfull, and the Rolling Stones. John Lennon and his fiancee Yoko Ono also performed as part of a one-shot supergroup called the Dirty Mac, featuring Eric Clapton, Mitch Mitchell, and Keith Richards. The original idea for the concert was going to include the Small Faces, the Rolling Stones, and the Who, and the concept of a circus was first thought up between Mick Jagger, Pete Townshend and Ronnie Lane. It was meant to be aired on the BBC, but instead the Rolling Stones withheld it. The Rolling Stones contended they did so because of their substandard performance, clearly exhausted after 15 hours (and some indulgence in drugs). There is also the fact that this was Brian Jones last appearance with the Rolling Stones; he drowned some seven months later while the film was being edited. Some speculate that another reason for not releasing the film was that the Who, who were fresh off a concert tour, seemingly upstaged the Stones on their own production. Led Zeppelin was considered for inclusion but the idea was dropped. The show was not released commercially until 1996. The project was originally conceived by Mick Jagger as a way to promote the new record \"Beggars Banquet\" beside conventional press and concert appearances. Jagger approached Michael Lindsay-Hogg, who had directed two promos for Rolling Stones songs (and would go on to direct the Beatles' \"Let It Be\" documentary), to make a full-length TV show for them.", "Klein's company, ABKCO, continued to control the rights to publish the Stones' music and it was Klein who made a fortune off the band's all-time best-selling album, \"Hot Rocks 1964\u20131971\". In 1972 Klein alleged that some of the songs on their album \"Exile on Main Street\" had been composed while the Stones were still under contract with ABKCO. As a result, ABKCO acquired ownership of the disputed songs and was able to publish another Rolling Stones album, \"More Hot Rocks (Big Hits and Fazed Cookies)\". In 1974 negotiations over royalties led to a payment of $375,000 to the Stones and ABKCO's release of an additional Rolling Stones album, \"Metamorphosis\". In 1975 more lawsuits and negotiations resulted in a $1 million payment to the Stones for non-payment by Klein of songwriting royalties, and the release of four Rolling Stones albums including \"Rock and Roll Circus\" and \"\". In 1984 Jagger and Richards sued to break their publishing agreement with ABKCO because of non-payment of royalties. The judge encouraged the two sides to reach a settlement. Starting in 1986, when the introduction of compact discs brought great profits to the music industry, relations began to improve between Klein and the Stones. In 2002 the Stones' album \"Forty Licks\" and the Licks Tour, celebrating the band's 40th anniversary, incorporated songs owned by ABKCO. The Stones agreed to a five-year payment plan suggested by Klein's son, Jody. In 2003 Klein negotiated with Steve Jobs to make ABKCO's Rolling Stones songs available on iTunes. In February 1967, with an eye toward producing films and finding a way to invest his clients' money, Klein attempted to acquire Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.", "I Wanna Be Your Man \"I Wanna Be Your Man\" is a Lennon\u2013McCartney-penned song recorded and released as a single by the Rolling Stones, and then recorded by the Beatles. The song was primarily written by Paul McCartney, and finished by Lennon and McCartney in the corner of a room while Mick Jagger and Keith Richards were talking. Released as their second single on 1 November 1963, the Stones' version was an early hit, peaking at number 12 on the British chart. Their rendition features Brian Jones' distinctive slide guitar and Bill Wyman's driving bass playing. It is one of the few Rolling Stones songs to feature only Brian Jones on backing vocals. In the US, the song was initially released as London 45-LON 9641 (with \"Stoned\" on the B side) without any success and was soon after re-released on 6 March 1964 as the B-side to \"Not Fade Away\". According to various accounts, either the Rolling Stones' manager/producer Andrew Loog Oldham or the Rolling Stones themselves ran into Lennon and McCartney on the street as the two were returning from an awards luncheon. Hearing that the band were in need of material for a single, Lennon and McCartney went to their session at De Lane Lea Studio and finished off the song \u2013 whose verse they had already been working on \u2013 in the corner of the room while the impressed Rolling Stones watched. Mick Jagger recalled the song in 1968: McCartney stated in 2016: Bill Wyman noted how the Rolling Stones adapted the song to their style: Released only as a single, the Rolling Stones' rendition did not appear on a studio album. The song was reissued in the UK on the Decca compilation albums \"Milestones\" (1972) and \"\" (1975). In 1989, it was issued on the US compilation album \"\". It is included on the four CD version of the 2012 \"GRRR!", "Before leaving Atlantic, the Rolling Stones released Undercover (UK 3; US 4) in late 1983. Despite good reviews and the Top Ten peak position of the title track, the record sold below expectations and there was no tour to support it. Subsequently, the Stones' new marketer/distributor CBS Records took over distributing the Stones' Atlantic catalogue. By this time, the Jagger/Richards rift had grown significantly. To Richards' annoyance, Jagger had signed a solo deal with CBS Records, and he spent much of 1984 writing songs for his first album. He also declared his growing lack of interest in the Rolling Stones. By 1985, Jagger was spending more time on solo recordings, and much of the material on 1986's Dirty Work was generated by Richards, with more contributions by Wood than on previous Rolling Stones albums. The album was recorded in Paris, and Jagger was often absent from the studio, leaving Richards to keep the recording sessions moving forward. In June 1985, Jagger teamed up with David Bowie for \"Dancing in the Street\", which was recorded as part of the Live Aid charity movement. This was one of Jagger's first solo performances, and the song reached No. 1 in the UK, and No. 7 in the US. In December 1985, Stewart died of a heart attack. The Rolling Stones played a private tribute concert for him at London's 100 Club in February 1986, two days before they were presented with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Dirty Work (UK No. 4; US No. 4) was released in March 1986 to mixed reviews despite the presence of the US Top Five hit \"Harlem Shuffle\". With relations between Richards and Jagger at a low, Jagger refused to tour to promote the album, and instead undertook his own solo tour, which included Rolling Stones songs. As a result of the animosity within the band during this period, they almost broke up.", "Jagger's relationship with bandmate Keith Richards is frequently described as \"love/hate\" by the media. Richards himself said in a 1998 interview: \"I think of our differences as a family squabble. If I shout and scream at him, it's because no one else has the guts to do it or else they're paid not to do it. At the same time I'd hope Mick realises that I'm a friend who is just trying to bring him into line and do what needs to be done.\" The Rolling Stones album Dirty Work (UK No. 4; US No. 4) was released in March 1986 to mixed reviews, despite the presence of the US top five hit \"Harlem Shuffle\". With relations between Richards and Jagger at a low, Jagger refused to tour to promote the album, and instead undertook his own solo tour, which included Rolling Stones songs. Richards has referred to this period in his relations with Jagger as \"World War III\". As a result of the animosity within the band at this time, they almost broke up. Jagger's solo records, She's the Boss (UK No. 6; US No. 13) (1985) and Primitive Cool (UK No. 26; US No. 41) (1987), met with moderate success, and in 1988, with the Rolling Stones mostly inactive, Richards released his first solo album, Talk Is Cheap (UK No. 37; US No. 24). It was well-received by fans and critics, going gold in the US. The following year 5x5: The Continuing Adventures of the Rolling Stones, a documentary spanning the career of the band was released for their 25th anniversary. Richards' autobiography, Life, was released on 26 October 2010."], "answer": {"text": "The Rolling Stones scored one more top 20 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1982, the No. 20 hit \"Hang Fire\".", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What music did the Rolling Stones make", "answer": {"text": "guitar-driven rock and roll,", "answer_start": 298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Name one song?", "answer": {"text": "Miss You", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other songs?", "answer": {"text": "\"Far Away Eyes\", \"Beast of Burden\", and \"Shattered\".", "answer_start": 156, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was members of the group", "answer": {"text": "Jagger and Richards", "answer_start": 721, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e7ea33ad7600494bad01d395a5b3e5e2_0_q#5", "question": "What happen after the billboard", "rewrite": "What happen after the rolling stones last billboard top 20 hit?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Rolling Stones No. 2 The Rolling Stones No. 2 is the second UK studio album by the English rock band the Rolling Stones, released in 1965 following the success of their 1964 debut album \"The Rolling Stones\". It followed its predecessor's tendency to largely feature R&B covers. However, it does contain three compositions from the still-developing Mick Jagger/Keith Richards songwriting team. On Dutch and German pressings of the album, the title is listed as \"The Rolling Stones Vol. 2 \" on the front cover, although the back of the album cover lists the title as \"The Rolling Stones No. 2\". Using the cover shot for \"12 X 5\", the second US-released album in October 1964, \"The Rolling Stones No. 2 \"'s track listing would largely be emulated on the upcoming US release of \"The Rolling Stones, Now!\". While Eric Easton was co-credited as producer alongside Andrew Loog Oldham on The Rolling Stones' debut album, Oldham takes full production duties for \"The Rolling Stones No. 2\", which was recorded sporadically in the UK and US during 1964. A huge hit in the UK upon release, \"The Rolling Stones No. 2 \" spent 10 weeks at No. 1 in early 1965, becoming one of the year's biggest sellers in the UK. According to Bill Wyman in his book \"Stone Alone: The Story of a Rock 'n' Roll Band\", John Lennon said of \"The Rolling Stones No. 2\": \" The album's great, but I don't like five-minute numbers.\" Due to ABKCO's preference towards the American albums, they overlooked both \"The Rolling Stones\" and \"The Rolling Stones No. 2\" for CD release in 1986 and during its remastering series in 2002.", "The Last Billboard The Last Billboard is a public art billboard in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The art piece consists of a 12-feet-by-36-feet steel frame billboard on which letters can be arranged. Each month, artists are solicited to place a message on the billboard. It is curated by Jon Rubin. The billboard is located at the intersection of Highland Avenue and Baum Boulevard in the East Liberty neighborhood, above what was originally the building for , a restaurant that was also conceptualized by Jon Rubin. In March 2018, The Last Billboard's landlord, We Do Property, in response to complaints from community members who felt the sign was racist, removed Alisha Wormsley's text from the billboard. Jon Rubin, the billboard's founder and creator, responded in a statement in response to the removal: A public panel discussion about the text and its removal is expected to be hosted by the Kelly Strayhorn Theater in April or May 2018. From mid-2009 to late 2012, while Waffle Shop was still operating, the billboard included content proposed and submitted by artists and regular people. Unlike the version of the billboard from 2013 onward, this early version switched out messages several times a month. Below is an in-depth, but not comprehensive, list of those messages.", "The Rolling Stones scored one more top 20 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1982, the No. 20 hit \"Hang Fire\". The Stones' American Tour 1981 was their biggest, longest and most colourful production to date, with the band playing from 25 September through 19 December. It was the highest grossing tour of that year. The tour included a concert at Chicago's Checkerboard Lounge with Muddy Waters, in what would be one of his last performances before his death in 1983. Some shows were recorded, resulting in the 1982 live album Still Life (American Concert 1981) (UK 4; US 5), and the 1983 Hal Ashby concert film Let's Spend the Night Together, which was filmed at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona and the Brendan Byrne Arena in the Meadowlands, New Jersey. In mid-1982, to commemorate their 20th anniversary, the Rolling Stones took their American stage show to Europe. The European Tour 1982 was their first European tour in six years, with a similar format to the American tour. The band were joined by former Allman Brothers Band keyboardist Chuck Leavell, who continues to perform and record with the Rolling Stones. By the end of the year, the band had signed a new four-album recording deal with a new label, CBS Records, for a reported $50 million, then the biggest record deal in history.", "The Rolling Stones (EP) The Rolling Stones is the debut EP released by The Rolling Stones in January 1964. It was released both to capitalise on their first Top 20 hit \" I Wanna Be Your Man\" and to test the commercial appeal of the band before their UK label Decca Records would commit to letting them record an album. \" The Rolling Stones\" includes four songs recorded at two separate sessions in August and November 1963. \"The Rolling Stones\" features R&B covers of some of the band's favorite artists, and some recent American hits. Impact Sound is officially listed as the EP's producer. Eric Easton is possibly involved, Andrew Loog Oldham produced the opening track \"Bye Bye Johnny\". Despite the rawness of the production, the EP reached no. 1 in the UK EP charts in February 1964, having entered the chart the week after its release. The EP was released in Canada in 1964 by London Records Canada. The release was identical to the UK version including the picture sleeve along with the British label number DFE 8560. The Canadian EP pressing also used British stampers. Bruce Eder of AllMusic writes: \"The real centerpiece was Arthur Alexander's 'You Better Move On,' an American-spawned favorite that the band had been doing in concert \u2014 this was their chance to show a softer, more lyrical and soulful sound that was every bit as intense as the blues and hard R&B they'd already done on record...\" \"Bye Bye Johnny\" and \"Money\" did not see official US release until 1972's retrospective \"More Hot Rocks (Big Hits & Fazed Cookies)\"; \"You Better Move On\" was featured on 1965's \"December's Children ( And Everybody's)\"; and \"Poison Ivy\" was issued in 2002 on the remastered version of \"More Hot Rocks\". Unavailable for decades,", "Streets of Love \"Streets of Love\" is a song by rock band The Rolling Stones which was released as a double A-side single with \"Rough Justice\" from The Rolling Stones' 2005 album \"A Bigger Bang\". The single was released on 22 August 2005, prior to the album. \"Streets of Love\", a power ballad with a spare, guitar-based arrangement and falsetto chorus, received the main marketing push, though it failed to become a major hit in the US. By contrast, it went to number one in Spain, the top 10 in Argentina, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, and Sweden, and the top 20 in Germany, Greece, Italy, and Norway. It was also a top 20 hit in the UK (where it was released as a double A-side with \"Rough Justice\"), reaching number 15 in the UK Singles Chart, some 42 years after their first UK hit \"Come On\". \"Streets of Love\" is one of the few Rolling Stones songs licensed for use in advertising (See \"Start Me Up\", \"You Can't Always Get What You Want\", \"She's a Rainbow\"). It is heard in a television commercial for mobile telephony provider Vodafone Italy, in which the company's spokes-model Megan Gale also appears. The video for this song was shot at Zaphod Beeblebrox, a nightclub in Ottawa, Ontario and Canadian actor Tan Arcade was cast and featured in the video. It was debuted live on 11 July 2006 in San Siro, Milan, Italy. It was also promoted heavily and heard in several episodes of \"Days of our Lives\"."], "answer": {"text": "The Stones' American Tour 1981 was their biggest, longest and most colourful production to date,", "answer_start": 108}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What music did the Rolling Stones make", "answer": {"text": "guitar-driven rock and roll,", "answer_start": 298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Name one song?", "answer": {"text": "Miss You", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other songs?", "answer": {"text": "\"Far Away Eyes\", \"Beast of Burden\", and \"Shattered\".", "answer_start": 156, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was members of the group", "answer": {"text": "Jagger and Richards", "answer_start": 721, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was interesting in this article", "answer": {"text": "The Rolling Stones scored one more top 20 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1982, the No. 20 hit \"Hang Fire\".", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b8fa5e017a84478da094849cdfa0a5cd_0_q#0", "question": "How was the movie called Freaks received?", "rewrite": "How was the movie called Freaks received?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Old Hungarian script The Old Hungarian script (, 'sz\u00e9kely-magyar runiform', or ) is an alphabetic writing system used for writing the Hungarian language. Hungarian is written using the Latin-based Hungarian alphabet, but the Old Hungarian script is still in use in some communities. The term \"old\" refers to the historical priority of the script compared with the Latin-based one. The Old Hungarian script is a child system of the Old Turkic alphabet. The Hungarians settled the Carpathian Basin in 895. After the establishment of the Christian Hungarian kingdom, the old writing system was partly forced out of use and the Latin alphabet was adopted. However, among some professions (e.g. shepherds who used a \"rov\u00e1s-stick\" to officially track the number of animals) and in Transylvania, the script has remained in use by the Sz\u00e9kely Magyars, giving its Hungarian name . The writing could also be found in churches, such as that in the commune of Atid. Its English name in the ISO 15924 standard is Old Hungarian (Hungarian Runic). In modern Hungarian, the script is known formally as ('Szekler script'). The writing system is generally known as , , and (or simply 'notch, score'). Scientists cannot give an exact date or origin for the script. Linguist Andr\u00e1s R\u00f3na-Tas derives Old Hungarian from the Old Turkic script, itself recorded in inscriptions dating from . The origins of the Turkic scripts are uncertain. The scripts may be derived from Asian scripts such as the Pahlavi and Sogdian alphabets, or possibly from Kharosthi, all of which are in turn remotely derived from the Aramaic script. Alternatively, according to some opinions, ancient Turkic runes descend from primaeval Turkic graphic logograms.", "Speakers of Proto-Hungarian would have come into contact with Turkic peoples during the 7th or 8th century, in the context of the Turkic expansion, as is also evidenced by numerous Turkic loanwords in Proto-Hungarian. All the letters but one for sounds which were shared by Turkic and Ancient Hungarian can be related to their Old Turkic counterparts. Most of the missing characters were derived by script internal extensions, rather than borrowings, but a small number of characters seem to derive from Greek, such as 'eF'. Peter Z. Revesz places Old Hungarian into the Cretan Script Family that includes in one branch the Carian alphabets, Cretan hieroglyphs, the Cypriot syllabary, Linear A, Linear B, Old Hungarian, and Tifinagh. This study did not involve the Old Turkic script, which may also belong to the Cretan Script Family given the similarities found by Andr\u00e1s R\u00f3na-Tas. The modern Hungarian term for this script (coined in the 19th century), , derives from the verb ('to score') which is derived from old Uralic, general Hungarian terminology describing the technique of writing ( 'to write', 'letter', 'knife, also: for carving letters') derive from Turkic, which further supports transmission via Turkic alphabets. Epigraphic evidence for the use of the Old Hungarian script in medieval Hungary dates to the 10th century, for example, from Homokm\u00e9gy The latter inscription was found on a fragment of a quiver made of bone. Although there have been several attempts to interpret it, the meaning of it is still unclear. In 1000, with the coronation of Stephen I of Hungary, Hungary (previously an alliance of mostly nomadic tribes) became a Kingdom. The Latin alphabet was adopted as official script; however, Old Hungarian continued to be used in the vernacular.", "Alfredo Valadas Alfredo Valadas Mendes (16 February 1912 \u2013 1994) was a Portuguese footballer who played as outside forward. Over the course of 10 seasons, he amassed Primeira Liga totals of 136 games and eighty six goals, all at Benfica, winning nine major titles. Born in Minas de S. Domingos, Beja; Valadas started his career at Luso Sport Clube, a delegation of Sporting CP at only age 15. With 19 years-old, he moved to Lisbon to play for Sporting, with the promise that they help him find a job, which they never did. After two seasons, he moved back to Beja, spent a year without competing and then joined Sport Lisboa e Beja in the regional league. In 1934, he returned to Lisbon and joined Benfica, again with the promise to help him find a job, which they did, when he became a civil servant in 1937. He made his debut on 14 October 1934, in a home win against his former team, Sporting, and helped the club conquer the Campeonato de Portugal, again defeating previous team on 30 June 1935. He was also the club's first goalscorer in the Primeira Liga, after opening the score in a 3-1 win over Vit\u00f3ria de Set\u00fabal on 20 January 1935 and finished the season with 23 goals in all competitions, a club best. In the following three seasons, he played alongside V\u00edtor Silva, Esp\u00edrito Santo and Domingos Lopes, as Benfica conquered a three-peat, winning the league in 1935\u201336, 1936\u201337, 1937\u201338, with Valadas being club topscorer in the first of those. On 31 January 1937, he scored the club 100th goal in the Primeira Liga.", "Old Hungarian (Unicode block) Old Hungarian is a Unicode block containing characters used for writing the Old Hungarian alphabet, an obsolete script which was used to write Hungarian during the medieval period. The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Old Hungarian block:", "The runic script was first mentioned in the 13th century Chronicle of Simon of K\u00e9za, where he stated that the Sz\u00e9kelys may use the script of the Blaks. The Old Hungarian script became part of folk art in several areas during this period. In Royal Hungary, Old Hungarian script was used less, although there are relics from this territory, too. There is another copy \u2013 similar to the Nikolsburg Alphabet \u2013 of the Old Hungarian alphabet, dated 1609. The inscription from \u00c9nlaka, dated 1668, is an example of the \"folk art use\". There are a number of inscriptions ranging from the 17th to the early 19th centuries, including examples from Kib\u00e9d, Csejd, Makfalva, Szolokma, Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, Cs\u00edkr\u00e1kos, Mez\u0151keresztes, Nagyb\u00e1nya, Torda, Fels\u0151szemer\u00e9d, Kecskem\u00e9t and Kiskunhalas. Hungarian script was first described in late Humanist/Baroque scholarship by J\u00e1nos Telegdy in his primer . Published in 1598, Telegdi's primer presents his understanding of the script and contains Hungarian texts written with runes, such as the Lord's Prayer. In the 19th century, scholars began to research the rules and the other features of the Old Hungarian script. From this time, the name ('runic writing') began to re-enter the popular consciousness in Hungary, and script historians in other countries began to use the terms \"Old Hungarian\", , and so on. Because the Old Hungarian script had been replaced by Latin, linguistic researchers in the 20th century had to reconstruct the alphabet from historic sources."], "answer": {"text": "Despite the extensive cuts, the film was still negatively received by audiences, recording a loss of $164,000, and remained an object of extreme controversy.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b8fa5e017a84478da094849cdfa0a5cd_0_q#1", "question": "What did people not like about it?", "rewrite": "What did people not like about the movie Freaks?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On Rotten Tomatoes, the film received an approval rating of 57% based on 216 reviews, with an average rating of 6.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"Its action may be bit too over-the-top for some, but \"Die Another Day\" is lavishly crafted and succeeds in evoking classic Bond themes from the franchise's earlier installments. \" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 56 out of 100 based on 43 critics, indicating \"mixed and average reviews\". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade \" A-\" on scale of A to F. Michael Dequina of \"Film Threat\" praised the film as the best of the series to star Pierce Brosnan and \"the most satisfying installment of the franchise in recent memory. \" Larry Carroll of CountingDown.com praised Lee Tamahori for having \"magnificently balanced the film so that it keeps true to the Bond legend, makes reference to the classic films that preceded it, but also injects a new zest to it all.\" \"Entertainment Weekly\" magazine also gave a positive reaction, saying that Tamahori, \"a true filmmaker\", has re-established the series' pop sensuality. A.O. Scott of \"The New York Times\" called the film the best of the \"James Bond\" series since \"The Spy Who Loved Me.\" Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\", who gave the film three stars out of four, stated \"This movie has the usual impossible stunts ... But it has just as many scenes that are lean and tough enough to fit in any modern action movie\". Kyle Bell of Movie Freaks 365 stated in his review that the \"first half of \"Die Another Day\" is classic Bond\", but that \"Things start to go downhill when the ice palace gets introduced.", "He said Moore looked in better shape than the previous Bond film, \"Octopussy\". Brosnan, an airship enthusiast, especially admired the dirigible finale. Danny Peary had mixed feelings about \"A View to a Kill\" but was generally complimentary: \"Despite what reviewers automatically reported, [Moore] looks trimmer and more energetic than in some of the previous efforts ... I wish Bond had a few more of his famous gadgets on hand, but his action scenes are exciting and some of the stunt work is spectacular. Walken's the first Bond villain who is not so much an evil person as a crazed neurotic. I find him more memorable than some of the more recent Bond foes ... Unfortunately, the filmmakers \u2013 who ruined villain Jaws by making him a nice guy in \"Moonraker\" \u2013 make the mistake of switching May Day at the end from Bond's nemesis to his accomplice, depriving us of a slam-bang fight to the finish between the two (I suppose gentleman Bond isn't allowed to kill women, even a monster like May Day) ... [The film] lacks the flamboyance of earlier Bond films, and has a terrible slapstick chase sequence in San Francisco, but overall it's fast-paced, fairly enjoyable, and a worthy entry in the series.\". Also among the more positive reviews was \"Movie Freaks 365\"s Kyle Bell: \"Good ol' Roger gave it his best. ... Whether you can get past the absurdity of the storyline, you can't really deny that it has stunning stunt work and lots of action. It's an entertaining movie that could have been better. \" Walken was also praised by online critic Christopher Null for portraying a \"classic Bond villain\".", "Out Come the Freaks \"Out Come the Freaks\" is the name of a trilogy of songs by art-funk ensemble Was (Not Was). The trilogy consists of three songs that feature the same basic title, tune and chorus lyric: \"Out Come the Freaks\" (1981), \" (Return to the Valley of) Out Come the Freaks\" (1983), and \"Out Come The Freaks\" (1987) (later issued as \"Out Come the Freaks (Again)\".) Despite the three songs' abundant similarities, each song is distinctive, as differing lyrics in the verses of each song tell stories about different societal outcasts. As well, each recording had a different contemporary sound, a thoroughly different arrangement, and reworked the melody while still retaining the chorus vocal: \"Woodwork squeaks, and out comes the freaks\". The original recording was the opening song on the groups d\u00e9but album \" Was (Not Was)\". This version began with the chorus sung several times simultaneously by a number of vocalists before the rhythm section is introduced. The single became a club hit in the US and peaked at #16 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Dance Club Play Chart. The song's parent album was later renamed \"Out Come The Freaks\" when it was remastered and expanded in 2004. A companion remix album is titled \"(The) Woodwork Squeaks\". The second recording is slower and sparser as opposed to the post-disco sound of the original. This version is sung by Harry Bowens, who sings the \"Woodwork Squeaks\" chorus as more of a refrain than a chant. This version adds a new introductory verse which sets up the concept of the song.", "\"Found Footage Critic\" gave the film a 6.7 out of 10, saying \"\"Living Among Us\" is a rare found footage film that takes the time to explicitly tell the audience what kind of hardware the characters are working with.\" \"Horror Movie Freaks\" gave the film a 10 out of 10, and stated \"I really do not have anything bad to say about this movie. It was one hell of a horror flick that I suggest everyone sees, even if only once in your life.\" \"Top Found Footage Films\" called it \"a breath of fresh air for the genre and a high quality production!\"", "The film was retitled \"Ghetto Freaks\" and a new advertising campaign was developed, marketing it as a miscegenation-themed blaxploitation film. \"Jet\" and \"Ebony\" magazines denounced \"Ghetto Freaks\" as being a hastily made attempt to capitalize on the popularity of \"black films\" such as \"Cotton Comes to Harlem\" (1970) and \"Shaft\" (1971). Although the \"Ghetto Freaks\" version of the film had engagements during the 1970s in major cities including New York City, Cleveland, Chicago, Atlanta, and Washington, D.C., the film received few reviews, and those it did get were generally negative. Siskel, reviewing the \"Ghetto Freaks\" version, called the production \"technically inept\" and \"shot on a frayed shoestring\", and observed that despite \"being billed as a black film ... the title characters are almost without exception middle class white kids who have left home and let their hair and paranoia grow. \" The Cleveland African-American newspaper \"Call and Post\" panned the film as \"one degree higher than a home movie\" and said, \"There is no plot in this crazy mixed-up film which lacks anything else. If you like garbage, you will find \"Ghetto Freaks\" to be a groovy flick because it stinks!\" In 1972, while the \"Ghetto Freaks\" version was playing the Hippodrome Theater in Cleveland, Allen Johnson II, a Cleveland man described as an amateur actor, sued the Hippodrome for $100,000 for showing a movie which he said was \"derogatory of him as a black American and insulting to black Americans in this community\". Johnson charged that he appeared in the film without his consent."], "answer": {"text": "\"Any one who considers this entertainment should be placed in the pathological ward in some hospital.\"", "answer_start": 783}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was the movie called Freaks received?", "answer": {"text": "Despite the extensive cuts, the film was still negatively received by audiences, recording a loss of $164,000, and remained an object of extreme controversy.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b8fa5e017a84478da094849cdfa0a5cd_0_q#2", "question": "Was there any specific thing about the film that people didn't like?", "rewrite": "Was there any specific thing about the film Freaks that people didn't like?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["James M. Tate of Cult Film Freaks said the movie has a film noir quality: \"Director John Sturges was, like Wayne, best known for making Westerns, a genre \"McQ\" borrows from with the maverick loner versus an eclectic string of feisty (and often sneaky) antagonists, each with their own lethal agenda, sometimes even coming out of the woodwork with guns blazing. But with the cool looking MAC-10 submachine gun and a snaky trail pitting one man against shadowy odds, this is really a modern Noir thriller providing a chance to see the American icon grittier, and often more vulnerable, than ever before: at least in a modern setting.\" The film currently has an approval rating of 50% at Rotten Tomatoes based on 8 reviews, with a weighted average of 5.31/10.", "Extra content includes behind-the-scenes memos and notes; photos; additional plot lines; and excerpts from the \"Freaks and Geeks\" series bibles. \"Freaks and Geeks\" creators made it a priority to feature genuine, period-specific music that would help to create the show's tone. Clearing such names as Billy Joel, Cheap Trick, the Grateful Dead, Rush, Styx, The Moody Blues, The Who, and Van Halen required much of the show's budget. Eventually, this became an obstacle in releasing the show on DVD due to the difficulty and expense of clearing all of the music rights for the series. Music cues were changed or removed for \"Freaks and Geeks\" when it aired in reruns on Fox Family. However, \"Freaks and Geeks\" creators chose to wait to release the DVD until they could find a company willing to pay for the original music. Shout! Factory, a music and video company specializing in comprehensive reissues and compilations, eventually brought \"Freaks and Geeks\" to DVD with all of its music intact. In 2000, the cast of \"Freaks and Geeks\" was featured in an episode of the game show \"Family Feud\" hosted by Louie Anderson. At Metacritic, \"Freaks and Geeks\" has a score of 88 out of 100, based on 26 reviews, indicating \"universal acclaim\". On Rotten Tomatoes, the show has a score of 100% with an average rating of 9.67 out of 10, based on 27 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"Freaks and Geeks\" lampoons real-life adolescence while affectionately embracing every growing pain along the way with refreshing honesty.\" The show averaged 6.77 million viewers and was #93 in the rankings during its only season.", "Mark Jordan Legan Mark Jordan Legan is an American television producer, writer and radio personality. He has written for the television programs \"Gary Unmarried\", \"Dave's World\", \"Grace Under Fire\", \"The Fighting Fitzgeralds\", \"A.N.T. Farm\" and \"Mighty Med\". He created the critically acclaimed satire \"Thanks\" and co-wrote the controversial terrorism comedy \"The Cell\", which landed him on the cover of the \"New York Times\" Arts & Leisure section (\"Funniest script in Hollywood that no one will ever make.\"). He appeared regularly on NPR's \"Day to Day\" where he wrote and hosted the \"Bad Movie\" podcasts that spotlight strange, weird and offbeat cinema from around the world. He also writes and hosts the video series, \"NPR & Slate's Summary Judgment\" as well as \"Summary Judgment\" and \"The Worst Cinematic Crap That's Ever Been Made\" for SlateV.com. He now is a regular contributor to NPR stations KPCC and KCRW in Southern California, where his latest pop culture segment, The Binge, can be heard monthly. Mark recently launched a brand new podcast \"Film Freaks Forever\" with his friend and frequent writing partner, Phoef Sutton. It can be heard at all the major podcast sites.", "Stevenson has authored 7 other books on subjects ranging from Tod Browning's film Freaks, to one on the Scandinavian silent film Witchcraft Through the Ages. He has had dozens of stories published in a wide variety of places such as \"Dusan Makavejev\" in the magazine Chemical Imbalance and \"Underground USA The Pike St. Cinema\" in the magazine Divinity. \" Market Street - Movie Theater Graveyard USA\" was published in the monthly tabloid dedicated to buying and selling films The Big Reel, and \"Film Co-ops: Old Soldiers of the Sixties Still Standing\" was published in the New York Independent Monitor. Stevenson has been a regular contributor to the Bright Lights Film Journal with long form essays including George Kuchar: A First-Person Life and Robert Cowan (1930-2011): Unsung Superstar of the Underground. His most recent book is the novel \"Hotrod Billy and His Friends\" (2019). In Boston in 1986 Stevenson began showing films at the bar Chet's Last Call, which was up a flight of stairs and across the street from the Boston Garden. Most screenings were interspersed with live music by local bands. He brought Roy Frumkes to Chet's for a screening of Street Trash, Document of the Dead, and footage from Last House on the Left. Among the feature films he screened were The Trip, Female Trouble, Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill!, and the Diane Linkletter Story. The Chet's gig ended when it went out of business on New Year's Eve 1987. In 1988 he began a weekly series at the Primal Plunge in the Allston Mall. During the Primal plunge gig he began buying films and creating programs on themes In 1989 Stevenson did something that had never been done before. He threw 16mm films in a rucksack and flew to Europe; traveling from country to country arranging screenings.", "Res extra commercium\" are among them. Numerous rules of statutory and common law prohibit the sale of certain things, often on grounds of public policy. For example, the common law does not sanction the sale of a person (slavery), and statute prohibits the sale of human tissue, and of many narcotics, chemical substances and so forth. It is also quite clearly impossible to purchase a thing that never existed. The most extreme example would be the putative sale of a mythical or fictitious object. Justinian says: Anything, whether movable or immovable, which admits of private ownership, may be made the object of a stipulation; but if a man stipulates for the delivery of a thing that either does not or cannot exist, such as [...] an impossible creature, like a hippocentaur, the contract is void. Where the subject of a proposed contract of sale is a specific thing, and it has, prior to the agreement, and unbeknownst to the parties, ceased to exist, the agreement is ordinarily void. In \"Theron Ltd (in Liquidation) v Gross , Watermeyer J said, Undoubtedly it is a principle of our law that a contract for the sale of a specific thing, made in ignorance of the fact that the things had been destroyed at the time of the contract, is not binding upon the parties. For a good factual example, see \"Scrutton and Scrutton v Erlich & Co and Others\". It is impossible for \"res litigiosa\" to be sold to the seller's advocate or attorney. This is known as champerty. Mackeurtan states, There can be no valid sale, at any stage of the proceedings, of property the subject of such an action, to the advocate or attorney of the seller."], "answer": {"text": "Because the film was thought to be overly exploitative,", "answer_start": 534}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was the movie called Freaks received?", "answer": {"text": "Despite the extensive cuts, the film was still negatively received by audiences, recording a loss of $164,000, and remained an object of extreme controversy.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did people not like about it?", "answer": {"text": "\"Any one who considers this entertainment should be placed in the pathological ward in some hospital.\"", "answer_start": 783, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b8fa5e017a84478da094849cdfa0a5cd_0_q#4", "question": "What else did critics have to say?", "rewrite": "What else did critics have to say about the movie Freaks, besides being thought to be overly exploitative?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Browning, famed at the time for his collaborations with Lon Chaney and for directing Bela Lugosi in \"Dracula\" (1931), had trouble finding work afterward and this effectively brought his career to an early close. \" Freaks\" became the only MGM film ever to be pulled from release before completing its domestic engagements. Because the film was thought to be overly exploitative, it was banned in the United Kingdom for 30 years. A number of contemporary reviews were not only highly critical of the film, but expressed outrage and revulsion. \" Harrison's Reports\" wrote that \"Any one who considers this entertainment should be placed in the pathological ward in some hospital. \" In \"The Kansas City Star\", John C. Moffitt wrote, \"There is no excuse for this picture. It took a weak mind to produce it and it takes a strong stomach to look at it.\" \"The Hollywood Reporter\" called it an \"outrageous onslaught upon the feelings, the senses, the brains and the stomachs of an audience.\" \"Variety\" also published a negative review, writing that the film was \"sumptuously produced, admirably directed, and no cost was spared, but Metro heads failed to realize that even with a different sort of offering the story is still important. Here the story is not sufficiently strong to get and hold the interest, partly because interest cannot easily be gained for too fantastic a romance. \" The review went on to state that the story \"does not thrill and at the same time does not please, since it is impossible for the normal man or woman to sympathize with the aspiring midget. And only in such a case will the story appeal. \" Not all reviews were as harsh. \"", "On Rotten Tomatoes, the film received an approval rating of 57% based on 216 reviews, with an average rating of 6.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"Its action may be bit too over-the-top for some, but \"Die Another Day\" is lavishly crafted and succeeds in evoking classic Bond themes from the franchise's earlier installments. \" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 56 out of 100 based on 43 critics, indicating \"mixed and average reviews\". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade \" A-\" on scale of A to F. Michael Dequina of \"Film Threat\" praised the film as the best of the series to star Pierce Brosnan and \"the most satisfying installment of the franchise in recent memory. \" Larry Carroll of CountingDown.com praised Lee Tamahori for having \"magnificently balanced the film so that it keeps true to the Bond legend, makes reference to the classic films that preceded it, but also injects a new zest to it all.\" \"Entertainment Weekly\" magazine also gave a positive reaction, saying that Tamahori, \"a true filmmaker\", has re-established the series' pop sensuality. A.O. Scott of \"The New York Times\" called the film the best of the \"James Bond\" series since \"The Spy Who Loved Me.\" Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\", who gave the film three stars out of four, stated \"This movie has the usual impossible stunts ... But it has just as many scenes that are lean and tough enough to fit in any modern action movie\". Kyle Bell of Movie Freaks 365 stated in his review that the \"first half of \"Die Another Day\" is classic Bond\", but that \"Things start to go downhill when the ice palace gets introduced.", "He said Moore looked in better shape than the previous Bond film, \"Octopussy\". Brosnan, an airship enthusiast, especially admired the dirigible finale. Danny Peary had mixed feelings about \"A View to a Kill\" but was generally complimentary: \"Despite what reviewers automatically reported, [Moore] looks trimmer and more energetic than in some of the previous efforts ... I wish Bond had a few more of his famous gadgets on hand, but his action scenes are exciting and some of the stunt work is spectacular. Walken's the first Bond villain who is not so much an evil person as a crazed neurotic. I find him more memorable than some of the more recent Bond foes ... Unfortunately, the filmmakers \u2013 who ruined villain Jaws by making him a nice guy in \"Moonraker\" \u2013 make the mistake of switching May Day at the end from Bond's nemesis to his accomplice, depriving us of a slam-bang fight to the finish between the two (I suppose gentleman Bond isn't allowed to kill women, even a monster like May Day) ... [The film] lacks the flamboyance of earlier Bond films, and has a terrible slapstick chase sequence in San Francisco, but overall it's fast-paced, fairly enjoyable, and a worthy entry in the series.\". Also among the more positive reviews was \"Movie Freaks 365\"s Kyle Bell: \"Good ol' Roger gave it his best. ... Whether you can get past the absurdity of the storyline, you can't really deny that it has stunning stunt work and lots of action. It's an entertaining movie that could have been better. \" Walken was also praised by online critic Christopher Null for portraying a \"classic Bond villain\".", "\"Found Footage Critic\" gave the film a 6.7 out of 10, saying \"\"Living Among Us\" is a rare found footage film that takes the time to explicitly tell the audience what kind of hardware the characters are working with.\" \"Horror Movie Freaks\" gave the film a 10 out of 10, and stated \"I really do not have anything bad to say about this movie. It was one hell of a horror flick that I suggest everyone sees, even if only once in your life.\" \"Top Found Footage Films\" called it \"a breath of fresh air for the genre and a high quality production!\"", "Despite the extensive cuts, the film was still negatively received by audiences, recording a loss of $164,000, and remained an object of extreme controversy. Today, the scenes that were removed are considered lost. Browning, famed at the time for his collaborations with Lon Chaney and for directing Bela Lugosi in Dracula (1931), had trouble finding work afterward and this effectively brought his career to an early close. \"Freaks\" became the only MGM film ever to be pulled from release before completing its domestic engagements. Because the film was thought to be overly exploitative, it was banned in the United Kingdom for 30 years. A number of contemporary reviews were not only highly critical of the film, but expressed outrage and revulsion. Harrison's Reports wrote that \"Any one who considers this entertainment should be placed in the pathological ward in some hospital.\" In The Kansas City Star, John C. Moffitt wrote, \"There is no excuse for this picture. It took a weak mind to produce it and it takes a strong stomach to look at it.\" The Hollywood Reporter called it an \"outrageous onslaught upon the feelings, the senses, the brains and the stomachs of an audience.\" Variety also published a negative review, writing that the film was \"sumptuously produced, admirably directed, and no cost was spared, but Metro heads failed to realize that even with a different sort of offering the story is still important. Here the story is not sufficiently strong to get and hold the interest, partly because interest cannot easily be gained for too fantastic a romance.\" The review went on to state that the story \"does not thrill and at the same time does not please, since it is impossible for the normal man or woman to sympathize with the aspiring midget. And only in such a case will the story appeal.\" Not all reviews were as harsh."], "answer": {"text": "Harrison's Reports wrote that \"Any one who considers this entertainment should be placed in the pathological ward in some hospital.\"", "answer_start": 753}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "How was the movie called Freaks received?", "answer": {"text": "Despite the extensive cuts, the film was still negatively received by audiences, recording a loss of $164,000, and remained an object of extreme controversy.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did people not like about it?", "answer": {"text": "\"Any one who considers this entertainment should be placed in the pathological ward in some hospital.\"", "answer_start": 783, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any specific thing about the film that people didn't like?", "answer": {"text": "Because the film was thought to be overly exploitative,", "answer_start": 534, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did the film exploit?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b8fa5e017a84478da094849cdfa0a5cd_0_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article about the film Freaks, besides that the film recorded a loss of $164,000?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Despite the extensive cuts, the film was still negatively received by audiences, recording a loss of $164,000, and remained an object of extreme controversy. Today, the scenes that were removed are considered lost. Browning, famed at the time for his collaborations with Lon Chaney and for directing Bela Lugosi in Dracula (1931), had trouble finding work afterward and this effectively brought his career to an early close. \"Freaks\" became the only MGM film ever to be pulled from release before completing its domestic engagements. Because the film was thought to be overly exploitative, it was banned in the United Kingdom for 30 years. A number of contemporary reviews were not only highly critical of the film, but expressed outrage and revulsion. Harrison's Reports wrote that \"Any one who considers this entertainment should be placed in the pathological ward in some hospital.\" In The Kansas City Star, John C. Moffitt wrote, \"There is no excuse for this picture. It took a weak mind to produce it and it takes a strong stomach to look at it.\" The Hollywood Reporter called it an \"outrageous onslaught upon the feelings, the senses, the brains and the stomachs of an audience.\" Variety also published a negative review, writing that the film was \"sumptuously produced, admirably directed, and no cost was spared, but Metro heads failed to realize that even with a different sort of offering the story is still important. Here the story is not sufficiently strong to get and hold the interest, partly because interest cannot easily be gained for too fantastic a romance.\" The review went on to state that the story \"does not thrill and at the same time does not please, since it is impossible for the normal man or woman to sympathize with the aspiring midget. And only in such a case will the story appeal.\" Not all reviews were as harsh.", "Among the microcephalic characters who appear in the film (and are referred to as \"pinheads\" throughout) were Zip and Pip (Elvira and Jenny Lee Snow) and Schlitzie, a male named Simon Metz who wore a dress, mainly due to suffering from incontinence, it has been claimed, though this is disputed. Also featured were the intersex Josephine Joseph, with her left-right divided gender; Johnny Eck, the legless man; the completely limbless Prince Randian (also known as The Human Torso and miscredited as \"Rardion\"); Elizabeth Green the Stork Woman; and Koo-Koo the Bird Girl, who had Virchow-Seckel syndrome or bird-headed dwarfism and is most remembered for the scene wherein she dances on the table. \"Freaks\" began principal photography in October 1931 and was completed in December. Following disastrous test screenings in January 1932 (one woman threatened to sue MGM, claiming the film had caused her to suffer a miscarriage), the studio cut the picture down from its original 90-minute running time to just over an hour. Much of the sequence of the circus entertainers attacking Cleopatra as she lies under a tree was removed, as well as a sequence showing Hercules being castrated, a number of comedy sequences, and most of the film's original epilogue. A new prologue featuring a carnival barker was added, as was the new epilogue featuring the reconciliation of the dwarf lovers. This shortened version\u2014now only 64 minutes long\u2014had its premiere at the Fox Criterion in Los Angeles on February 20, 1932. Despite the extensive cuts, the film was still negatively received by audiences, recording a loss of $164,000, and remained an object of extreme controversy. Today, the scenes that were removed are considered lost.", "James M. Tate of Cult Film Freaks said the movie has a film noir quality: \"Director John Sturges was, like Wayne, best known for making Westerns, a genre \"McQ\" borrows from with the maverick loner versus an eclectic string of feisty (and often sneaky) antagonists, each with their own lethal agenda, sometimes even coming out of the woodwork with guns blazing. But with the cool looking MAC-10 submachine gun and a snaky trail pitting one man against shadowy odds, this is really a modern Noir thriller providing a chance to see the American icon grittier, and often more vulnerable, than ever before: at least in a modern setting.\" The film currently has an approval rating of 50% at Rotten Tomatoes based on 8 reviews, with a weighted average of 5.31/10.", "Stevenson has authored 7 other books on subjects ranging from Tod Browning's film Freaks, to one on the Scandinavian silent film Witchcraft Through the Ages. He has had dozens of stories published in a wide variety of places such as \"Dusan Makavejev\" in the magazine Chemical Imbalance and \"Underground USA The Pike St. Cinema\" in the magazine Divinity. \" Market Street - Movie Theater Graveyard USA\" was published in the monthly tabloid dedicated to buying and selling films The Big Reel, and \"Film Co-ops: Old Soldiers of the Sixties Still Standing\" was published in the New York Independent Monitor. Stevenson has been a regular contributor to the Bright Lights Film Journal with long form essays including George Kuchar: A First-Person Life and Robert Cowan (1930-2011): Unsung Superstar of the Underground. His most recent book is the novel \"Hotrod Billy and His Friends\" (2019). In Boston in 1986 Stevenson began showing films at the bar Chet's Last Call, which was up a flight of stairs and across the street from the Boston Garden. Most screenings were interspersed with live music by local bands. He brought Roy Frumkes to Chet's for a screening of Street Trash, Document of the Dead, and footage from Last House on the Left. Among the feature films he screened were The Trip, Female Trouble, Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill!, and the Diane Linkletter Story. The Chet's gig ended when it went out of business on New Year's Eve 1987. In 1988 he began a weekly series at the Primal Plunge in the Allston Mall. During the Primal plunge gig he began buying films and creating programs on themes In 1989 Stevenson did something that had never been done before. He threw 16mm films in a rucksack and flew to Europe; traveling from country to country arranging screenings.", "Radar Patrol vs. Spy King Radar Patrol vs. Spy King is a 1949 12-chapter black-and-white spy film serial produced and distributed by Republic Pictures from an original, commissioned screenplay collaboratively written by Royal K. Cole, William Lively and Sol Shor. Kirk Alyn played the lead. John Baroda, a neo-Nazi and his alter ego, \"The Spy King\" and his aide Nitra, are part of a sabotaging team for a vast defense system of radar stations along the US borders. Radar Defense Bureau operative Chris Calvert comes to the rescue of radar scientist, Joan Hughes, who has been kidnapped by Baroda's henchmen... \"Radar Patrol vs. Spy King\" was budgeted at $164,970 although the final negative cost was $164,632 (a $338, or 0.2%, under spend). It was filmed between 20 September and 12 October 1949. The serial's production number was 1706. The special effects were created by the Lydecker brothers. \"Radar Patrol vs. Spy King\"'s official release date is November 23, 1949, although this is actually the date the sixth chapter was made available to film exchanges. This was followed by a re-release of \"Undersea Kingdom\" instead of a new serial. The next new serial, \"The Invisible Monster\", followed in spring of 1950."], "answer": {"text": "Variety also published a negative review, writing that the film was \"sumptuously produced, admirably directed, and no cost was spared,", "answer_start": 1186}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was the movie called Freaks received?", "answer": {"text": "Despite the extensive cuts, the film was still negatively received by audiences, recording a loss of $164,000, and remained an object of extreme controversy.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did people not like about it?", "answer": {"text": "\"Any one who considers this entertainment should be placed in the pathological ward in some hospital.\"", "answer_start": 783, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any specific thing about the film that people didn't like?", "answer": {"text": "Because the film was thought to be overly exploitative,", "answer_start": 534, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did the film exploit?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did critics have to say?", "answer": {"text": "Harrison's Reports wrote that \"Any one who considers this entertainment should be placed in the pathological ward in some hospital.\"", "answer_start": 753, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b8fa5e017a84478da094849cdfa0a5cd_0_q#7", "question": "Did anyone like the film?", "rewrite": "Did anyone like the film Freaks?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The film was retitled \"Ghetto Freaks\" and a new advertising campaign was developed, marketing it as a miscegenation-themed blaxploitation film. \"Jet\" and \"Ebony\" magazines denounced \"Ghetto Freaks\" as being a hastily made attempt to capitalize on the popularity of \"black films\" such as \"Cotton Comes to Harlem\" (1970) and \"Shaft\" (1971). Although the \"Ghetto Freaks\" version of the film had engagements during the 1970s in major cities including New York City, Cleveland, Chicago, Atlanta, and Washington, D.C., the film received few reviews, and those it did get were generally negative. Siskel, reviewing the \"Ghetto Freaks\" version, called the production \"technically inept\" and \"shot on a frayed shoestring\", and observed that despite \"being billed as a black film ... the title characters are almost without exception middle class white kids who have left home and let their hair and paranoia grow. \" The Cleveland African-American newspaper \"Call and Post\" panned the film as \"one degree higher than a home movie\" and said, \"There is no plot in this crazy mixed-up film which lacks anything else. If you like garbage, you will find \"Ghetto Freaks\" to be a groovy flick because it stinks!\" In 1972, while the \"Ghetto Freaks\" version was playing the Hippodrome Theater in Cleveland, Allen Johnson II, a Cleveland man described as an amateur actor, sued the Hippodrome for $100,000 for showing a movie which he said was \"derogatory of him as a black American and insulting to black Americans in this community\". Johnson charged that he appeared in the film without his consent.", "Out Come the Freaks \"Out Come the Freaks\" is the name of a trilogy of songs by art-funk ensemble Was (Not Was). The trilogy consists of three songs that feature the same basic title, tune and chorus lyric: \"Out Come the Freaks\" (1981), \" (Return to the Valley of) Out Come the Freaks\" (1983), and \"Out Come The Freaks\" (1987) (later issued as \"Out Come the Freaks (Again)\".) Despite the three songs' abundant similarities, each song is distinctive, as differing lyrics in the verses of each song tell stories about different societal outcasts. As well, each recording had a different contemporary sound, a thoroughly different arrangement, and reworked the melody while still retaining the chorus vocal: \"Woodwork squeaks, and out comes the freaks\". The original recording was the opening song on the groups d\u00e9but album \" Was (Not Was)\". This version began with the chorus sung several times simultaneously by a number of vocalists before the rhythm section is introduced. The single became a club hit in the US and peaked at #16 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Dance Club Play Chart. The song's parent album was later renamed \"Out Come The Freaks\" when it was remastered and expanded in 2004. A companion remix album is titled \"(The) Woodwork Squeaks\". The second recording is slower and sparser as opposed to the post-disco sound of the original. This version is sung by Harry Bowens, who sings the \"Woodwork Squeaks\" chorus as more of a refrain than a chant. This version adds a new introductory verse which sets up the concept of the song.", "James M. Tate of Cult Film Freaks said the movie has a film noir quality: \"Director John Sturges was, like Wayne, best known for making Westerns, a genre \"McQ\" borrows from with the maverick loner versus an eclectic string of feisty (and often sneaky) antagonists, each with their own lethal agenda, sometimes even coming out of the woodwork with guns blazing. But with the cool looking MAC-10 submachine gun and a snaky trail pitting one man against shadowy odds, this is really a modern Noir thriller providing a chance to see the American icon grittier, and often more vulnerable, than ever before: at least in a modern setting.\" The film currently has an approval rating of 50% at Rotten Tomatoes based on 8 reviews, with a weighted average of 5.31/10.", "Mark Jordan Legan Mark Jordan Legan is an American television producer, writer and radio personality. He has written for the television programs \"Gary Unmarried\", \"Dave's World\", \"Grace Under Fire\", \"The Fighting Fitzgeralds\", \"A.N.T. Farm\" and \"Mighty Med\". He created the critically acclaimed satire \"Thanks\" and co-wrote the controversial terrorism comedy \"The Cell\", which landed him on the cover of the \"New York Times\" Arts & Leisure section (\"Funniest script in Hollywood that no one will ever make.\"). He appeared regularly on NPR's \"Day to Day\" where he wrote and hosted the \"Bad Movie\" podcasts that spotlight strange, weird and offbeat cinema from around the world. He also writes and hosts the video series, \"NPR & Slate's Summary Judgment\" as well as \"Summary Judgment\" and \"The Worst Cinematic Crap That's Ever Been Made\" for SlateV.com. He now is a regular contributor to NPR stations KPCC and KCRW in Southern California, where his latest pop culture segment, The Binge, can be heard monthly. Mark recently launched a brand new podcast \"Film Freaks Forever\" with his friend and frequent writing partner, Phoef Sutton. It can be heard at all the major podcast sites.", "Stevenson has authored 7 other books on subjects ranging from Tod Browning's film Freaks, to one on the Scandinavian silent film Witchcraft Through the Ages. He has had dozens of stories published in a wide variety of places such as \"Dusan Makavejev\" in the magazine Chemical Imbalance and \"Underground USA The Pike St. Cinema\" in the magazine Divinity. \" Market Street - Movie Theater Graveyard USA\" was published in the monthly tabloid dedicated to buying and selling films The Big Reel, and \"Film Co-ops: Old Soldiers of the Sixties Still Standing\" was published in the New York Independent Monitor. Stevenson has been a regular contributor to the Bright Lights Film Journal with long form essays including George Kuchar: A First-Person Life and Robert Cowan (1930-2011): Unsung Superstar of the Underground. His most recent book is the novel \"Hotrod Billy and His Friends\" (2019). In Boston in 1986 Stevenson began showing films at the bar Chet's Last Call, which was up a flight of stairs and across the street from the Boston Garden. Most screenings were interspersed with live music by local bands. He brought Roy Frumkes to Chet's for a screening of Street Trash, Document of the Dead, and footage from Last House on the Left. Among the feature films he screened were The Trip, Female Trouble, Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill!, and the Diane Linkletter Story. The Chet's gig ended when it went out of business on New Year's Eve 1987. In 1988 he began a weekly series at the Primal Plunge in the Allston Mall. During the Primal plunge gig he began buying films and creating programs on themes In 1989 Stevenson did something that had never been done before. He threw 16mm films in a rucksack and flew to Europe; traveling from country to country arranging screenings."], "answer": {"text": "John Mosher of The New Yorker wrote a positive review, calling it \"a little gem\"", "answer_start": 362}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was the movie called Freaks received?", "answer": {"text": "Despite the extensive cuts, the film was still negatively received by audiences, recording a loss of $164,000, and remained an object of extreme controversy.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did people not like about it?", "answer": {"text": "\"Any one who considers this entertainment should be placed in the pathological ward in some hospital.\"", "answer_start": 783, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any specific thing about the film that people didn't like?", "answer": {"text": "Because the film was thought to be overly exploitative,", "answer_start": 534, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did the film exploit?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did critics have to say?", "answer": {"text": "Harrison's Reports wrote that \"Any one who considers this entertainment should be placed in the pathological ward in some hospital.\"", "answer_start": 753, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Variety also published a negative review, writing that the film was \"sumptuously produced, admirably directed, and no cost was spared,", "answer_start": 1186, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the cost of the film to produce?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b8fa5e017a84478da094849cdfa0a5cd_0_q#8", "question": "Why did he consider it a little gem?", "rewrite": "Why did John Mosher consider Freaks to be a little gem?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The New York Times\" called it \"excellent at times and horrible, in the strict meaning of the word, at others\" as well as \"a picture not to be easily forgotten. \" The \"New York Herald Tribune\" wrote that it was \"obviously an unhealthy and generally disagreeable work,\" but that \"in some strange way, the picture is not only exciting, but even occasionally touching.\" John Mosher of \"The New Yorker\" wrote a positive review, calling it \"a little gem\" that \"stands in a class by itself, and probably won't be forgotten in a hurry by those who see it.\" He found its \"perfectly plausible story\" a key to the effectiveness of its horror, writing that \"It's a chilling notion to imagine these weird beings, with their own lives and vanities and passions, all allied in a bitter enmity against us.\" Addressing the controversial subject matter, Mosher stated: \"if the poor things themselves can be displayed in the basement of Madison Square Garden, pictures of them might as well be shown in the Rialto. They may hereafter even be regarded in the flesh with a new dread bordering on respect.\" On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, \"Freaks\" holds an approval rating of 94%, based on 53 reviews, and an average rating of 8.48/10. Its consensus reads, \" \"Time has been kind to this horror legend: \"Freaks\" manages to frighten, shock, and even touch viewers in ways that contemporary viewers missed.\" Beginning in the early 1960s, \"Freaks\" was rediscovered as a counterculture cult film and throughout the 1970s and 1980s, the film was regularly shown at midnight movie screenings at several theaters in the United States.", "\u00d7 Cremnosedum \u00d7 Cremnosedum is a hybrid genus produced from crosses involving the genera \"Cremnophila\" and \"Sedum\". This bigeneric name was first published in 1981 with the introduction of the cultivar 'Little Gem' in an article advertising plants offered by the International Succulent Institute in the \"Cactus and Succulent Journal\", the journal of the Cactus and Succulent Society of America. The 'Little Gem' cultivar was made by Mrs. and Mr. Robert Grim of San Jose, California and is described as producing a low mat of small rosettes. It prefers direct sunlight and produces small yellow flowers on short stalks. ' Little Gem' is a hybrid of \"Cremnophila nutans\" and \"Sedum humifusum\", though the taxonomy of \"Cremnophila\" has been questioned and it is sometimes placed within the genus \"Sedum\", thus rendering the intergeneric hybrid name unnecessary. Other cultivars have been recognized, such as 'Crocodile', which has tessellated stem markings that resemble crocodile skin. However, the \"Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants\" published in 2003 noted that only 'Little Gem' is the only formally named hybrid.", "John Mosher John Mosher (1928\u20131998) was an American jazz bassist, classical bassist and composer who worked, recorded and toured with a wide range of primarily West Coast artists from the 1950s through the mid-1990s. A native of Sioux City, Iowa, John Mosher was raised on the city's west side, the son of a vaudeville-era bandleader. He studied piano and violin as a child. While attending Central High School he was befriended by veteran big band sideman Johnny Kopecky, under whom he studied both the double bass and violin. After military service in an Army band near the close of World War II, Mosher returned to Sioux City where he landed a steady job as bassist in the house band at the Turin Inn, a venerable Sioux City jazz club that regularly featured touring major jazz artists. He then moved to Boston for concentrated double bass studies at the Schillinger Institute, which later became the Berklee School of Music. In 1949, Mosher got his first major professional engagement when he joined the Les Brown Band, with whom he toured widely. While in Los Angeles with the Brown band, Mosher also performed some local LA club dates with both Zoot Sims and Chet Baker. Leaving the Brown band the following year, Mosher enrolled at the University of Iowa to continue his musical education. He moved to California in 1955 where he immediately found work with both the Jerry Gray Orchestra and with pianist Conley Graves' Trio. Mosher recorded with Graves on two sessions that became the LPs \"Genius at Work\" and \"VIP: Very Important Pianist,\" released on the Liberty label. Mosher's bowed solos on several tracks of these sessions was a bold departure from the jazz norm of the time and was only paralleled by a then-up-and-coming Paul Chambers.", "The New York Times called it \"excellent at times and horrible, in the strict meaning of the word, at others\" as well as \"a picture not to be easily forgotten.\" The New York Herald Tribune wrote that it was \"obviously an unhealthy and generally disagreeable work,\" but that \"in some strange way, the picture is not only exciting, but even occasionally touching.\" John Mosher of The New Yorker wrote a positive review, calling it \"a little gem\" that \"stands in a class by itself, and probably won't be forgotten in a hurry by those who see it.\" He found its \"perfectly plausible story\" a key to the effectiveness of its horror, writing that \"It's a chilling notion to imagine these weird beings, with their own lives and vanities and passions, all allied in a bitter enmity against us.\" Addressing the controversial subject matter, Mosher stated: \"if the poor things themselves can be displayed in the basement of Madison Square Garden, pictures of them might as well be shown in the Rialto. They may hereafter even be regarded in the flesh with a new dread bordering on respect.\"", "John Mosher (writer) John Chapin Mosher (June 2, 1892 \u2013 September 3, 1942) was an American short story writer as well as the first regularly assigned film critic for \"The New Yorker\", a position he held from 1928 to 1942. Mosher was born in Ogdensburg, New York, and graduated from Williams College in Massachusetts in 1914. Moving to New York City in 1915, he joined the editorial staff of the general interest magazine \"Every Week\" and became involved in the Greenwich Village theater community, writing the one-act comedy plays \"Sauce for the Emperor\" and \"Bored\", which were staged by the Provincetown Players in 1916\u201317. During the First World War Mosher served in the shell shock ward of a U.S. Medical Corps hospital in Portsmouth, England. After the war, Mosher traveled around Europe and wrote various freelance articles for magazines before becoming an English instructor at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. In 1926 he joined the staff of \"The New Yorker\", initially contributing short stories. In the earliest historical chronicle of the magazine published in 1951, Mosher was credited as \"a pioneer of the \"New Yorker\" short story.\" He became the magazine's resident film critic starting with the September 22, 1928 issue. According to \"The New York Times\", Mosher's writings \"had a personal note and were noteworthy for their humor and bristling style\", while \"The New Yorker\" stated he \"wrote with restraint and was never dull.\" In addition to writing, Mosher read the magazine's unsolicited manuscripts. In 1940, a compilation of Mosher's \"New Yorker\" fiction was published in a book titled \"Celibate at Twilight and Other Stories\"."], "answer": {"text": "\"perfectly plausible story\" a key to the effectiveness of its horror, writing that \"It's a chilling notion to imagine these weird beings,", "answer_start": 556}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was the movie called Freaks received?", "answer": {"text": "Despite the extensive cuts, the film was still negatively received by audiences, recording a loss of $164,000, and remained an object of extreme controversy.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did people not like about it?", "answer": {"text": "\"Any one who considers this entertainment should be placed in the pathological ward in some hospital.\"", "answer_start": 783, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any specific thing about the film that people didn't like?", "answer": {"text": "Because the film was thought to be overly exploitative,", "answer_start": 534, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did the film exploit?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did critics have to say?", "answer": {"text": "Harrison's Reports wrote that \"Any one who considers this entertainment should be placed in the pathological ward in some hospital.\"", "answer_start": 753, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Variety also published a negative review, writing that the film was \"sumptuously produced, admirably directed, and no cost was spared,", "answer_start": 1186, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the cost of the film to produce?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anyone like the film?", "answer": {"text": "John Mosher of The New Yorker wrote a positive review, calling it \"a little gem\"", "answer_start": 362, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b8fa5e017a84478da094849cdfa0a5cd_0_q#9", "question": "Did he like anything else about the film?", "rewrite": "Did John Mosher of the New Yorker like anything else about the movie Freaks, along with calling it a perfectly plausible story?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The New York Times called it \"excellent at times and horrible, in the strict meaning of the word, at others\" as well as \"a picture not to be easily forgotten.\" The New York Herald Tribune wrote that it was \"obviously an unhealthy and generally disagreeable work,\" but that \"in some strange way, the picture is not only exciting, but even occasionally touching.\" John Mosher of The New Yorker wrote a positive review, calling it \"a little gem\" that \"stands in a class by itself, and probably won't be forgotten in a hurry by those who see it.\" He found its \"perfectly plausible story\" a key to the effectiveness of its horror, writing that \"It's a chilling notion to imagine these weird beings, with their own lives and vanities and passions, all allied in a bitter enmity against us.\" Addressing the controversial subject matter, Mosher stated: \"if the poor things themselves can be displayed in the basement of Madison Square Garden, pictures of them might as well be shown in the Rialto. They may hereafter even be regarded in the flesh with a new dread bordering on respect.\"", "Anything Else Anything Else is a 2003 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Woody Allen, produced by his sister Letty Aronson, and starring Jason Biggs, Christina Ricci, Allen, Stockard Channing, Danny DeVito, Jimmy Fallon, Erica Leerhsen and KaDee Strickland. The film was shown as the opening night selection at the 60th annual Venice International Film Festival. Jerry Falk (Biggs), an aspiring writer living in New York City, has a girlfriend, Brooke (Strickland). He falls in love with Amanda (Ricci) and has an affair with her. Brooke finds out of Jerry's infidelity and leaves him. Amanda leaves her own boyfriend for Jerry. Brooke finally figures it out and leaves Jerry. Jerry turns to ageing, struggling artist (Allen) who acts as his mentor, which includes trying to help sort out Jerry\u2019s romantic life. Dobel says that when he told a cab driver of all his anxieties and phobias in life, the cab driver told him, \"It's like anything else\". Dobel tries to convince Jerry that his manager is only holding him back and his relationship with Amanda is the most destructive force in his life. Amanda continuously cheats on Jerry. Amanda leaves and then comes back. Jerry's neuroses start to worsen. Eventually, Jerry leaves town as Dobel gets him a job writing for television in California. Amanda has an affair with the doctor who was treating her and runs off with him. He sees them together laughing as she once did with him as the cab is taking him towards the airport. Jerry talks to the cabbie of love and relationships. The cabbie simply replies, \"It's like anything else\". The film received mixed reviews from critics.", "John Mosher (writer) John Chapin Mosher (June 2, 1892 \u2013 September 3, 1942) was an American short story writer as well as the first regularly assigned film critic for \"The New Yorker\", a position he held from 1928 to 1942. Mosher was born in Ogdensburg, New York, and graduated from Williams College in Massachusetts in 1914. Moving to New York City in 1915, he joined the editorial staff of the general interest magazine \"Every Week\" and became involved in the Greenwich Village theater community, writing the one-act comedy plays \"Sauce for the Emperor\" and \"Bored\", which were staged by the Provincetown Players in 1916\u201317. During the First World War Mosher served in the shell shock ward of a U.S. Medical Corps hospital in Portsmouth, England. After the war, Mosher traveled around Europe and wrote various freelance articles for magazines before becoming an English instructor at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. In 1926 he joined the staff of \"The New Yorker\", initially contributing short stories. In the earliest historical chronicle of the magazine published in 1951, Mosher was credited as \"a pioneer of the \"New Yorker\" short story.\" He became the magazine's resident film critic starting with the September 22, 1928 issue. According to \"The New York Times\", Mosher's writings \"had a personal note and were noteworthy for their humor and bristling style\", while \"The New Yorker\" stated he \"wrote with restraint and was never dull.\" In addition to writing, Mosher read the magazine's unsolicited manuscripts. In 1940, a compilation of Mosher's \"New Yorker\" fiction was published in a book titled \"Celibate at Twilight and Other Stories\".", "John Mosher John Mosher (1928\u20131998) was an American jazz bassist, classical bassist and composer who worked, recorded and toured with a wide range of primarily West Coast artists from the 1950s through the mid-1990s. A native of Sioux City, Iowa, John Mosher was raised on the city's west side, the son of a vaudeville-era bandleader. He studied piano and violin as a child. While attending Central High School he was befriended by veteran big band sideman Johnny Kopecky, under whom he studied both the double bass and violin. After military service in an Army band near the close of World War II, Mosher returned to Sioux City where he landed a steady job as bassist in the house band at the Turin Inn, a venerable Sioux City jazz club that regularly featured touring major jazz artists. He then moved to Boston for concentrated double bass studies at the Schillinger Institute, which later became the Berklee School of Music. In 1949, Mosher got his first major professional engagement when he joined the Les Brown Band, with whom he toured widely. While in Los Angeles with the Brown band, Mosher also performed some local LA club dates with both Zoot Sims and Chet Baker. Leaving the Brown band the following year, Mosher enrolled at the University of Iowa to continue his musical education. He moved to California in 1955 where he immediately found work with both the Jerry Gray Orchestra and with pianist Conley Graves' Trio. Mosher recorded with Graves on two sessions that became the LPs \"Genius at Work\" and \"VIP: Very Important Pianist,\" released on the Liberty label. Mosher's bowed solos on several tracks of these sessions was a bold departure from the jazz norm of the time and was only paralleled by a then-up-and-coming Paul Chambers.", "The New York Times\" called it \"excellent at times and horrible, in the strict meaning of the word, at others\" as well as \"a picture not to be easily forgotten. \" The \"New York Herald Tribune\" wrote that it was \"obviously an unhealthy and generally disagreeable work,\" but that \"in some strange way, the picture is not only exciting, but even occasionally touching.\" John Mosher of \"The New Yorker\" wrote a positive review, calling it \"a little gem\" that \"stands in a class by itself, and probably won't be forgotten in a hurry by those who see it.\" He found its \"perfectly plausible story\" a key to the effectiveness of its horror, writing that \"It's a chilling notion to imagine these weird beings, with their own lives and vanities and passions, all allied in a bitter enmity against us.\" Addressing the controversial subject matter, Mosher stated: \"if the poor things themselves can be displayed in the basement of Madison Square Garden, pictures of them might as well be shown in the Rialto. They may hereafter even be regarded in the flesh with a new dread bordering on respect.\" On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, \"Freaks\" holds an approval rating of 94%, based on 53 reviews, and an average rating of 8.48/10. Its consensus reads, \" \"Time has been kind to this horror legend: \"Freaks\" manages to frighten, shock, and even touch viewers in ways that contemporary viewers missed.\" Beginning in the early 1960s, \"Freaks\" was rediscovered as a counterculture cult film and throughout the 1970s and 1980s, the film was regularly shown at midnight movie screenings at several theaters in the United States."], "answer": {"text": "\"It's a chilling notion to imagine these weird beings, with their own lives and vanities and passions, all allied in a bitter enmity against us.\"", "answer_start": 639}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was the movie called Freaks received?", "answer": {"text": "Despite the extensive cuts, the film was still negatively received by audiences, recording a loss of $164,000, and remained an object of extreme controversy.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did people not like about it?", "answer": {"text": "\"Any one who considers this entertainment should be placed in the pathological ward in some hospital.\"", "answer_start": 783, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any specific thing about the film that people didn't like?", "answer": {"text": "Because the film was thought to be overly exploitative,", "answer_start": 534, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did the film exploit?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did critics have to say?", "answer": {"text": "Harrison's Reports wrote that \"Any one who considers this entertainment should be placed in the pathological ward in some hospital.\"", "answer_start": 753, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Variety also published a negative review, writing that the film was \"sumptuously produced, admirably directed, and no cost was spared,", "answer_start": 1186, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the cost of the film to produce?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anyone like the film?", "answer": {"text": "John Mosher of The New Yorker wrote a positive review, calling it \"a little gem\"", "answer_start": 362, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did he consider it a little gem?", "answer": {"text": "\"perfectly plausible story\" a key to the effectiveness of its horror, writing that \"It's a chilling notion to imagine these weird beings,", "answer_start": 556, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b8fa5e017a84478da094849cdfa0a5cd_0_q#10", "question": "Was he the only one who liked the film?", "rewrite": "Was John Mosher the only one who liked the film called Freaks?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["John Mosher John Mosher (1928\u20131998) was an American jazz bassist, classical bassist and composer who worked, recorded and toured with a wide range of primarily West Coast artists from the 1950s through the mid-1990s. A native of Sioux City, Iowa, John Mosher was raised on the city's west side, the son of a vaudeville-era bandleader. He studied piano and violin as a child. While attending Central High School he was befriended by veteran big band sideman Johnny Kopecky, under whom he studied both the double bass and violin. After military service in an Army band near the close of World War II, Mosher returned to Sioux City where he landed a steady job as bassist in the house band at the Turin Inn, a venerable Sioux City jazz club that regularly featured touring major jazz artists. He then moved to Boston for concentrated double bass studies at the Schillinger Institute, which later became the Berklee School of Music. In 1949, Mosher got his first major professional engagement when he joined the Les Brown Band, with whom he toured widely. While in Los Angeles with the Brown band, Mosher also performed some local LA club dates with both Zoot Sims and Chet Baker. Leaving the Brown band the following year, Mosher enrolled at the University of Iowa to continue his musical education. He moved to California in 1955 where he immediately found work with both the Jerry Gray Orchestra and with pianist Conley Graves' Trio. Mosher recorded with Graves on two sessions that became the LPs \"Genius at Work\" and \"VIP: Very Important Pianist,\" released on the Liberty label. Mosher's bowed solos on several tracks of these sessions was a bold departure from the jazz norm of the time and was only paralleled by a then-up-and-coming Paul Chambers.", "John Mosher (writer) John Chapin Mosher (June 2, 1892 \u2013 September 3, 1942) was an American short story writer as well as the first regularly assigned film critic for \"The New Yorker\", a position he held from 1928 to 1942. Mosher was born in Ogdensburg, New York, and graduated from Williams College in Massachusetts in 1914. Moving to New York City in 1915, he joined the editorial staff of the general interest magazine \"Every Week\" and became involved in the Greenwich Village theater community, writing the one-act comedy plays \"Sauce for the Emperor\" and \"Bored\", which were staged by the Provincetown Players in 1916\u201317. During the First World War Mosher served in the shell shock ward of a U.S. Medical Corps hospital in Portsmouth, England. After the war, Mosher traveled around Europe and wrote various freelance articles for magazines before becoming an English instructor at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. In 1926 he joined the staff of \"The New Yorker\", initially contributing short stories. In the earliest historical chronicle of the magazine published in 1951, Mosher was credited as \"a pioneer of the \"New Yorker\" short story.\" He became the magazine's resident film critic starting with the September 22, 1928 issue. According to \"The New York Times\", Mosher's writings \"had a personal note and were noteworthy for their humor and bristling style\", while \"The New Yorker\" stated he \"wrote with restraint and was never dull.\" In addition to writing, Mosher read the magazine's unsolicited manuscripts. In 1940, a compilation of Mosher's \"New Yorker\" fiction was published in a book titled \"Celibate at Twilight and Other Stories\".", "John Mosher Bailey John Mosher Bailey (August 24, 1838 \u2013 February 21, 1916) was an American politician who represented New York in the United States House of Representatives from 1878-1881. Bailey was born in Bethlehem, New York. He attended the public schools, and Hudson River Institute at Claverack, New York. He graduated from Union College, Schenectady, New York in 1861. He married Dell L. Hooker on September 21, 1864, and they had two children, Judson Hooker Bailey, and Jennie Bailey Bradley. During the American Civil War, he entered the Union Army as a first lieutenant and adjutant of the One Hundred and Seventy-seventh Regiment, New York Volunteer Infantry, and served in the Department of the Gulf in 1862. After his service in the war, he graduated from the Albany Law School in 1864 and was admitted to the bar the same year. He commenced practice in Albany, New York. He was the assistant district attorney of Albany County, New York 1865\u20131867, the collector of internal revenue from 1871 to 1874, and the district attorney of Albany County from 1874 to 1877. Bailey was elected as a Republican to the Forty-fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Terence J. Quinn representing the sixteenth district of New York; and was reelected to the Forty-sixth Congress. He served from November 5, 1878, to March 3, 1881, and was not a candidate for renomination in 1880. After leaving Congress, Bailey was the United States consul to Hamburg, Germany, by appointment of President James Garfield, and served in that capacity from 1881 to 1885. He served as a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1888 and was appointed by President Benjamin Harrison as surveyor of customs at Albany, New York from 1889 to 1894. He resumed the practice of law. He died in Albany, New York.", "The New York Times\" called it \"excellent at times and horrible, in the strict meaning of the word, at others\" as well as \"a picture not to be easily forgotten. \" The \"New York Herald Tribune\" wrote that it was \"obviously an unhealthy and generally disagreeable work,\" but that \"in some strange way, the picture is not only exciting, but even occasionally touching.\" John Mosher of \"The New Yorker\" wrote a positive review, calling it \"a little gem\" that \"stands in a class by itself, and probably won't be forgotten in a hurry by those who see it.\" He found its \"perfectly plausible story\" a key to the effectiveness of its horror, writing that \"It's a chilling notion to imagine these weird beings, with their own lives and vanities and passions, all allied in a bitter enmity against us.\" Addressing the controversial subject matter, Mosher stated: \"if the poor things themselves can be displayed in the basement of Madison Square Garden, pictures of them might as well be shown in the Rialto. They may hereafter even be regarded in the flesh with a new dread bordering on respect.\" On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, \"Freaks\" holds an approval rating of 94%, based on 53 reviews, and an average rating of 8.48/10. Its consensus reads, \" \"Time has been kind to this horror legend: \"Freaks\" manages to frighten, shock, and even touch viewers in ways that contemporary viewers missed.\" Beginning in the early 1960s, \"Freaks\" was rediscovered as a counterculture cult film and throughout the 1970s and 1980s, the film was regularly shown at midnight movie screenings at several theaters in the United States.", "David John Mosher Wood David John Mosher Wood (March 4, 1840 \u2013 August 16, 1918) was an American Indian agent and Methodist minister. He served in the military during the Civil War, was a Methodist minister and Indian agent appointed by President Benjamin Harrison. Wood was born at Mount Gilead, Ohio, March 1, 1840, eleventh child to David and Esther Ward (Mosher) Wood. He was a brother to Samuel Newitt Wood and Stephen Mosher Wood. On September 23, 1860, David was married to Eliza Mary Johnson, daughter of Jonathan Joshua Johnson and Joanna Cobb of Marion County, Ohio. She was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, December 27, 1840. David and Eliza then moved to Marion County, Ohio. On March 6, 1861, Eliza Mary Johnson was listed as married contrary to discipline in the Mount Gilead Monthly Meeting records. The Wood family were members of the Alum Creek Monthly Meeting. On February 12, 1862, their first son, Willie O. Wood, was born at Mahaska County, Iowa; he died the same day. On April 7, 1863, their second son, Samuel Newitt Wood, was born in Morrow County, Ohio. On December 11, 1863, their son Samuel N. Wood died at Leavenworth, Kansas. On September 8, 1864, their first daughter, Lula May Wood, was born at Paola, Miami County, Kansas. On October 1, 1870, their third son, John Berta \"Berty\" Wood, was born. On November 5, 1874, John \"Berty\" Wood died and was buried in Otter Creek Cemetery at Liberty Center, Warren County, Iowa. On April 27, 1880, their fourth son, Rolla Burton Wood, was born."], "answer": {"text": "The New York Times called it \"excellent at times and horrible, in the strict meaning of the word, at others\" as", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was the movie called Freaks received?", "answer": {"text": "Despite the extensive cuts, the film was still negatively received by audiences, recording a loss of $164,000, and remained an object of extreme controversy.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did people not like about it?", "answer": {"text": "\"Any one who considers this entertainment should be placed in the pathological ward in some hospital.\"", "answer_start": 783, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any specific thing about the film that people didn't like?", "answer": {"text": "Because the film was thought to be overly exploitative,", "answer_start": 534, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did the film exploit?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did critics have to say?", "answer": {"text": "Harrison's Reports wrote that \"Any one who considers this entertainment should be placed in the pathological ward in some hospital.\"", "answer_start": 753, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Variety also published a negative review, writing that the film was \"sumptuously produced, admirably directed, and no cost was spared,", "answer_start": 1186, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the cost of the film to produce?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anyone like the film?", "answer": {"text": "John Mosher of The New Yorker wrote a positive review, calling it \"a little gem\"", "answer_start": 362, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did he consider it a little gem?", "answer": {"text": "\"perfectly plausible story\" a key to the effectiveness of its horror, writing that \"It's a chilling notion to imagine these weird beings,", "answer_start": 556, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he like anything else about the film?", "answer": {"text": "\"It's a chilling notion to imagine these weird beings, with their own lives and vanities and passions, all allied in a bitter enmity against us.\"", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_7111b50cfc084f7aaf2aab3ea154f0ad_0_q#0", "question": "What else has Pedro Martinez done after he retired from baseball?", "rewrite": "What else has Pedro Martinez done after he retired from baseball?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["no longer exists now, finally in 1984 MP Oran managed to break the monopoly of the capital's clubs and won the championship for the first time however, the club disappeared in 1994 in the 1980s, another strong club was established, MP Alger , won the title five times, three of them in a row also IRB Alger achieved its second title in 1988 after 13 years but with a new name. In the 1990s there was control of the WA Boufarik where he won eight of the 10 titles in the 1989\u201390 season. He won his first title in the Algerian Basketball Championship in the history of the club. The club started a story with the Super Division, followed by four successive titles The IRB Alger (Ittihad Riadhi el Binaa d'Alger \"Now OC Alger only women's team\") managed to win two titles that were not won by the WA Boufarik in 1995 and 1996 the fourth title and the last in its history IRB Alger men's team with the beginning of the millennium disappeared, and then WA Boufarik return to achieve the championship three consecutive times 1997, 1998, 1999 The first was against NA Hussein Dey 2-1 and the second against DRB Staou\u00e9li 2-0, in the same period they won the Cup of Algeria four times. Since the beginning of 2000, GS P\u00e9troliers has been considered the best team where he won most of the titles and a few clubs managed to compete with him like WA Boufarik biggest rivals where he is the second most clubs to achieve titles, to come after CRB Dar Beida, NB Staou\u00e9li, AS PTT Alger and CSM Constantine, in the period from 2000 to 2006 there was a great competition between MC Alger (\"Old name\") and WA Boufarik", "Old Welsh Grey Sheepdog The Welsh Grey or Old Welsh Grey was a breed of sheepdog native to Wales. It is probably now extinct, although it may have contributed to the makeup of the Welsh Sheepdog. Welsh Greys were shaggy, long-haired dogs, similar in appearance to working strains of the Scottish Bearded Collie or to the ancestors of the Old English Sheepdog, and the breeds probably have a common heritage. Like the Bearded Collie, the Welsh Grey worked in a \"loose-eyed\", noisy manner very different from the Border and other collie types, with a distinctive short bark. As well as being used by shepherds, the breed was also popular with the drovers who took livestock to England. All types of Welsh sheepdog declined in numbers from the early 20th century due to the increasing use of the Border Collie for herding. Dogs of the Welsh Grey breed were still found on Welsh hill farms in the upper Towy valley as late as the 1980s, but the breed is likely now extinct. Specimens of the Welsh Grey are thought to have accompanied Welsh settlers to Patagonia.", "\u201cA Look Ahead\u201d implementing programming to target predicted high school dropouts all in an attempt to increase graduation rates. Ms. Davis was recognized with the Nevada National Distinguished Principal Award in 2011 for her efforts in transforming an at risk school. Ms. Davis holds the following degrees: Educational Specialist from Nova Southeastern University, with a focus on school administration, a Master\u2019s degree of Education in Educational Technology from Lesley University, and a Bachelor of Science in Education from the University of Nevada Las Vegas. Dr. Kristen McNeill serves as Deputy Superintendent for the Washoe County School District. Pedro Martinez is the former Superintendent of the WCSD. On July 22, 2014, the Board of Trustees of the Washoe County School District relieved Pedro Martinez of his duties as superintendent and named Deputy Superintendent Traci Davis and then Chief of Staff Kristen McNeill as co-managers. In response, Mr. Martinez filed two lawsuits against the school district and the Board of Trustees. Mr. Martinez had previously worked for the District between 2009 and 2011 as a Deputy Superintendent and was instrumental in the development of the District's strategic plan. Immediately before his appointment as Superintendent, Mr. Martinez was the Deputy Superintendent of the Clark County School District in Southern Nevada, the fifth largest school district in the United States. Prior to that, Mr. Martinez served as a Regional Superintendent of the Chicago Public Schools, the nation's third largest school district. The WCSD currently has 64 elementary schools, a special education school, 14 middle schools, 13 comprehensive high schools, Truckee Meadows Community College High School, Innovations High School (a comprehensive high school of choice) and the Academy of Arts Careers and Technology. In the WCSD, elementary schools typically include kindergarten through sixth grade, middle schools include seventh grade and eighth grade, and high schools include ninth grade through twelfth grade.", "National Wrestling Federation The original National Wrestling Federation (NWF) was a wrestling promotion based in Buffalo, New York and owned by promoter Pedro Mart\u00ednez. It ran from 1970 to 1974. The promotion was then revived in 1986 by Robert Raskin. The revived promotion closed in 1994. Pedro Mart\u00ednez (no relation to the baseball player) owned the original National Wrestling Federation, which operated from 1970 to 1974. The NWF Heavyweight Championship and NWF North American Heavyweight Championship were later used by New Japan Pro Wrestling as its main titles until 1981. During the original version of the NWF, popular performers included Johnny Powers, Ernie Ladd, Waldo Von Erich, Chief White Owl, Hans Schmidt, the Mighty Igor, Luis Martinez, Ron Sanders, Dusty Rhodes, Tony Parisi, Tony Marino, the Stomper, Ben Justice, the Love Brothers, Dick the Bruiser, Black Jack Lanza, Dr. Moto, Mitsu Arakawa, and Bulldog Brower. Championship Wrestling aired on Channel 43 in Cleveland on Saturday nights. Briefly a second show, All-Star Wrestling, aired on Sunday Mornings. That show was filmed in the studios of WUAB-TV in Parma, Ohio. The television hosts were Johnny Powers, Jack Reynolds, and Ron Martinez (son of Pedro Martinez). The film from each show was erased and reused to save money, hence few of the shows are available now on video or YouTube. In 1986, Robert Raskin (President of Raskin Sports Productions and a former professional basketball coach for the ABA) purchased the Allentown, Pennsylvania-based Continental Wrestling Alliance from DC Drake and renamed it the National Wrestling Federation. The organization revived the NWF Heavyweight Championship and created an NWF Women's Championship. Under the direction of Raskin, the National Wrestling Federation grew rapidly.", "International Wrestling Association (1970s) The International Wrestling Association (IWA) was a professional wrestling promotion based in Cleveland, Ohio in the 1970s. It was founded by Eddie Einhorn and Pedro Martinez in 1975. The company descended from the National Wrestling Federation. It was originally intended to be the first national wrestling promotion, but stayed primarily in the Mid-Atlantic region. Einhorn offered his wrestlers more money and benefits than competing promotions, helping to lure big names such as Mil Mascaras (the company's heavyweight champion). Einhorn left the promotion later that year, and Johnny Powers took over as booker. The company scaled down and stayed in Virginia and North Carolina. After losing an antitrust lawsuit against the rival Jim Crockett Promotions, the IWA closed in 1978. In the 1970s, Ron Martinez introduced his friend Eddie Einhorn to his father Pedro Martinez, and the duo established the International Wrestling Association in 1975 as a descendant company of Martinez's National Wrestling Federation. The IWA was originally intended to be the first national wrestling promotion. Einhorn offered professional wrestler George Scott a $250,000 a year salary and percentage of the business to be his partner in the promotion, but Scott declined. To get prominent professional wrestlers such as Ernie Ladd and Mil Mascaras, the company used contracts that guaranteed money to the talent regardless of ticket sales. Einhorn also offered wrestlers deals that included transportation and lodging, in contrast to other promotions. Mascaras was one of the promotion's initial champions. He mainly feuded with Ladd over the IWA Championship. Another one of the promotion's main feuds was between Mighty Igor and Bulldog Brower. During the storyline, Brower attacked Igor on his birthday, knocking him into his birthday cake. The IWA's early house shows featuring Mascaras were competition for Vince McMahon's World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF)."], "answer": {"text": "Martinez joined the Boston Red Sox as a special assistant to general manager Ben Cherington.", "answer_start": 21}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7111b50cfc084f7aaf2aab3ea154f0ad_0_q#1", "question": "Did Martinez do anything else after he retired from baseball?", "rewrite": "What else did Martinez do other than retire from baseball?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Buck Martinez John Albert \"Buck\" Martinez (born November 7, 1948) is an American former professional baseball catcher and manager, and is currently the television play-by-play announcer for the Toronto Blue Jays. He played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) with the Kansas City Royals, the Milwaukee Brewers, and the Toronto Blue Jays. Since the end of his playing career, he has been a broadcaster, working on the Blue Jays and Baltimore Orioles radio and television broadcasts, and nationally for TBS and MLB Network. Martinez managed the Toronto Blue Jays from 2001 to May 2002 and Team USA at the inaugural World Baseball Classic in 2006. Martinez attended Elk Grove High School, Sacramento City College, Sacramento State University, and Southwest Missouri State University. He was originally signed by the Philadelphia Phillies as an amateur free agent before being taken by the Houston Astros in the 1968 rule 5 draft. The Astros later traded him to the Kansas City Royals. Martinez made his major league debut in 1969, playing 72 games with the Royals. He is mentioned in Jim Bouton's 1970 bestseller \"Ball Four\" as John Martinez, a player Bouton and his Seattle teammates know little about. During a meeting, as Bouton's team is devising strategies to effectively pitch to their opponents, manager Joe Schultz lacks any concrete suggestions about the rookie Martinez, and famously advises that they just \"zitz\" him. Over the next few years, however, Martinez developed the reputation of being an offensive liability. He never appeared in more than 95 games during his time with Kansas City, through 1977. Martinez was traded twice over the next few years, including to the Milwaukee Brewers in late 1977. In the midst of an 18\u20138 loss to Kansas City on Wednesday, August 29, 1979, Martinez entered the game as the Brewers' sixth pitcher of the day. As a pitcher, Martinez batted in the 9th inning, stroking an RBI single.", "On Wednesday February 15, 2006 he officially decided to end his playing career. Martinez confirmed the decision in the St. Petersburg Times, telling the paper that he will begin his broadcasting career at ESPN. Martinez said that the offer from ESPN made his decision to retire a lot easier, as he would work on \"Baseball Tonight\", do some radio work, and broadcast a few games. In his 16-year Major League career, Martinez hit .271 with 339 home runs and 1,271 RBIs. During his seven years with the Yankees, he hit 192 home runs and drove in 739 runs. In 2008, Martinez agreed to be a special instructor for the Yankees to help their first basemen with defensive skills. After Spring training, he was named Special Assistant to the General Manager. Starting in Spring training 2010, Martinez became a color commentator for the YES Network, replacing the departed David Cone. He made his regular season debut on April 9, 2010, when he called a game between the Yankees and the Rays that was coincidentally played back in his home area of Tampa Bay. Prior to the 2004 Summer Olympics, the host nation Greece, trying to build up their chances of winning a medal, decided to put together a team of North American baseball players of Greek heritage. Martinez, having some Greek ancestry, was approached by the Greek Olympic team manager Rob Derksen and asked to play for the host nation. Martinez, along with fellow MLB players Eric Karros and Aaron Miles, declined the offer because the games were in the midst of the Major League Baseball season. Martinez was named the hitting coach for the Miami Marlins for the 2013 season, replacing Eduardo P\u00e9rez. On July 28, 2013, Martinez resigned from the position amid allegations of physically abusing Derek Dietrich several months before the resignation.", "Ramiro Martinez (sportscaster) Ramiro Martinez (August 23, 1923 \u2013 July 8, 2015) was a Cuban sportscaster who was well known in Puerto Rico, where he hosted, at various times, television and radio shows. Martinez was elected to the Puerto Rican Sports Hall of Fame in 2009. Ramiro Martinez left Cuba in 1945 and moved to New York, New York, where he began broadcasting Major League Baseball games to a number of Hispanic countries. At that era, he worked alongside Argentine baseball commentator and friend Eloy Canel. During this period also, he authored columns for 12 newspaper and 3 magazines. In 1955, Ramirez established himself in Puerto Rico (some unreferenced sources claim he lived in Spain first). Martinez had started his professional career in Cuba not as a sportscaster but as an actor. In Puerto Rico, Martinez quickly began working as a sportscaster and reporter. He began to work there on a radio show that lasted for 50 years. Martinez, who did not openly oppose Fidel Castro, as a reporter was able to interview the Cuban President and El Che Guevara live and in person. Martinez met Roberto Clemente in 1954, as the future baseball Hall-of-Famer played triple-A baseball. The two forged a friendship that lasted until Clemente died in a plane crash on December 31, 1972. Both Martinez and Clemente considered each other to be brothers. Years later, Martinez also forged a strong friendship with boxer Wilfredo Gomez. Martinez had a weekly, Sunday evening television show on Puerto Rico's Canal 2, named \"De Todo un Poco con Ramiro Martinez\" ( \"A Little Bit of Everything, With Ramiro Martinez\") in which he commented about the week's sports news, and instructed the viewers about different sports, including baseball-his favorite sport-, boxing-", "Nick Martinez (baseball) Nicholas Andres Martinez (born August 5, 1990) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Texas Rangers. He is of Cuban descent. Martinez graduated from Belen Jesuit Preparatory School in Miami, Florida, and enrolled at Fordham University. He is the 34th Fordham alumnus to make it to the Major League Baseball (MLB). He was 1-3 with a 5.33 ERA in 15 games, over two seasons for Fordham as a relief pitcher. He was mostly a second baseman, batting .295 with 4 HR, 66 RBI, 167 hits, and 22 stolen bases over three seasons and 148 games. Martinez also played in a collegiate summer baseball league, the New England Collegiate Baseball League, for the Vermont Mountaineers. He is the seventh Mountaineer to make it to the MLB. Martinez was drafted by the Texas Rangers in the 18th round of the 2011 Major League Baseball Draft, out of Fordham University. Martinez was named the Rangers' fifth starter on March 26, 2014. In his first career start against the Tampa Bay Rays, Martinez went six innings, struck out three and allowed three earned runs on four hits. He received a no decision as the Rangers lost 5\u20134. After two straight starts against the Oakland Athletics, the Rangers got Matt Harrison back from the DL and moved Martinez to the bullpen. Martinez went 6.2 innings, struck out six and allowed only one earned run in four relief appearances. In a game against the Houston Astros, Harrison injured his lower back and had spinal fusion surgery. The Rangers then put Martinez back into the starting rotation. In 2015 he had a ERA of 3.96 and shared the major league lead in hit batsmen, with 13.", "As of 2011, Martinez still held school records in career home runs (54), career batting average (.399), career slugging percentage (.736), single season batting average (.452) and single season slugging percentage (.957). In 1988, he was a finalist for the Golden Spikes Award which has never been given to any NCAA Division II player. One year after graduating, he was inducted into the University of Tampa's athletics hall of fame. Since 2010, the Tino Martinez Award has been given to the most outstanding NCAA Division II baseball player. In 2013, Martinez was inducted into the National College Baseball Hall of Fame. Martinez, along with other future Major Leaguers Jim Abbott and Robin Ventura, won a gold medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, the seventh time that baseball was part of the Olympic Games and its last year as a demonstration sport. In the final game, Martinez belted two homers and drove in four runs and Abbott pitched a complete game, leading the USA to a 5-3 win. The Seattle Mariners drafted Martinez in . Martinez began his career playing under Lou Piniella, who had also grown up in the West Tampa neighborhood and knew his uncle and mother. Martinez had several mediocre seasons, but broke out in when he drove in 111 runs, hit 31 home runs and batted .293. The Mariners clinched the AL West and went on to play in the first season of divisional post season play against the New York Yankees. Following that season, the New York Yankees acquired Martinez, along with Jeff Nelson and Jim Mecir, for Sterling Hitchcock and Russ Davis. Before the trade was finalized, Martinez and the Yankees agreed to a five-year, $20.25 million contract extension. Martinez succeeded Don Mattingly as the Yankees' starting first baseman."], "answer": {"text": "In 2015, Martinez was hired by the MLB Network as a studio analyst", "answer_start": 616}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What else has Pedro Martinez done after he retired from baseball?", "answer": {"text": "Martinez joined the Boston Red Sox as a special assistant to general manager Ben Cherington.", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7111b50cfc084f7aaf2aab3ea154f0ad_0_q#4", "question": "What else is important to know about Pedro Martinez after he retired from baseball?", "rewrite": "In addition to Pedro Martinez retiring from baseball, what else is important to know about him?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\u201cA Look Ahead\u201d implementing programming to target predicted high school dropouts all in an attempt to increase graduation rates. Ms. Davis was recognized with the Nevada National Distinguished Principal Award in 2011 for her efforts in transforming an at risk school. Ms. Davis holds the following degrees: Educational Specialist from Nova Southeastern University, with a focus on school administration, a Master\u2019s degree of Education in Educational Technology from Lesley University, and a Bachelor of Science in Education from the University of Nevada Las Vegas. Dr. Kristen McNeill serves as Deputy Superintendent for the Washoe County School District. Pedro Martinez is the former Superintendent of the WCSD. On July 22, 2014, the Board of Trustees of the Washoe County School District relieved Pedro Martinez of his duties as superintendent and named Deputy Superintendent Traci Davis and then Chief of Staff Kristen McNeill as co-managers. In response, Mr. Martinez filed two lawsuits against the school district and the Board of Trustees. Mr. Martinez had previously worked for the District between 2009 and 2011 as a Deputy Superintendent and was instrumental in the development of the District's strategic plan. Immediately before his appointment as Superintendent, Mr. Martinez was the Deputy Superintendent of the Clark County School District in Southern Nevada, the fifth largest school district in the United States. Prior to that, Mr. Martinez served as a Regional Superintendent of the Chicago Public Schools, the nation's third largest school district. The WCSD currently has 64 elementary schools, a special education school, 14 middle schools, 13 comprehensive high schools, Truckee Meadows Community College High School, Innovations High School (a comprehensive high school of choice) and the Academy of Arts Careers and Technology. In the WCSD, elementary schools typically include kindergarten through sixth grade, middle schools include seventh grade and eighth grade, and high schools include ninth grade through twelfth grade.", "Oscar Martinez was born in Corpus Christi, Texas to Eloisa and Pedro Martinez in a small barrio known as \u201cLoma Rosa.\u201d Oscar's mother, Eloisa, had two sisters; Goya and Ramona; two half-brothers, Manuel and Pedro Guerra; and a half-sister, Erlinda Guerra. Oscar's father, Pedro A. Martinez, worked at an oil mill in the cotton bale department. The family lived in a house at 407 Duncan Street, which was located just across the railroad tracks from the oil mill. Oscar grew up with three brothers, Joe, Johnny and Victor. He also had a half-brother, Daniel. In the area close to present Port and Agnes streets, near an oil cotton factory known to residents as \u201cLa Mantequeria,\u201d Oscar's grandmother, Dona Santos Guitron Galindo, owned several businesses that included rental apartments, and a small grocery store, where she used a small corn graining machine to prepare and sell masa de maiz (corn dough). In those days this masa de maiz was used to make corn tortillas. In addition to masa, Oscar's grandmother hawked butter, eggs and other goods to barrio residents. She also owned cows, chickens, rabbits and goats. Oscar attended Southgate Elementary School and Driscoll Jr. High. It was there that Oscar joined the band and was assigned the tuba as his instrument. Oscar attended and graduated (1953) from Roy Miller High School where he played in the school's Buccaneer Band. Although Oscar did not play the trumpet in his high school band, he acquired proficiency with the instrument sufficient to lead a small local band that performed in a Corpus Christi nightspot known as El Macambo (located on Morgan and Pueblo Streets).", "National Wrestling Federation The original National Wrestling Federation (NWF) was a wrestling promotion based in Buffalo, New York and owned by promoter Pedro Mart\u00ednez. It ran from 1970 to 1974. The promotion was then revived in 1986 by Robert Raskin. The revived promotion closed in 1994. Pedro Mart\u00ednez (no relation to the baseball player) owned the original National Wrestling Federation, which operated from 1970 to 1974. The NWF Heavyweight Championship and NWF North American Heavyweight Championship were later used by New Japan Pro Wrestling as its main titles until 1981. During the original version of the NWF, popular performers included Johnny Powers, Ernie Ladd, Waldo Von Erich, Chief White Owl, Hans Schmidt, the Mighty Igor, Luis Martinez, Ron Sanders, Dusty Rhodes, Tony Parisi, Tony Marino, the Stomper, Ben Justice, the Love Brothers, Dick the Bruiser, Black Jack Lanza, Dr. Moto, Mitsu Arakawa, and Bulldog Brower. Championship Wrestling aired on Channel 43 in Cleveland on Saturday nights. Briefly a second show, All-Star Wrestling, aired on Sunday Mornings. That show was filmed in the studios of WUAB-TV in Parma, Ohio. The television hosts were Johnny Powers, Jack Reynolds, and Ron Martinez (son of Pedro Martinez). The film from each show was erased and reused to save money, hence few of the shows are available now on video or YouTube. In 1986, Robert Raskin (President of Raskin Sports Productions and a former professional basketball coach for the ABA) purchased the Allentown, Pennsylvania-based Continental Wrestling Alliance from DC Drake and renamed it the National Wrestling Federation. The organization revived the NWF Heavyweight Championship and created an NWF Women's Championship. Under the direction of Raskin, the National Wrestling Federation grew rapidly.", "International Wrestling Association (1970s) The International Wrestling Association (IWA) was a professional wrestling promotion based in Cleveland, Ohio in the 1970s. It was founded by Eddie Einhorn and Pedro Martinez in 1975. The company descended from the National Wrestling Federation. It was originally intended to be the first national wrestling promotion, but stayed primarily in the Mid-Atlantic region. Einhorn offered his wrestlers more money and benefits than competing promotions, helping to lure big names such as Mil Mascaras (the company's heavyweight champion). Einhorn left the promotion later that year, and Johnny Powers took over as booker. The company scaled down and stayed in Virginia and North Carolina. After losing an antitrust lawsuit against the rival Jim Crockett Promotions, the IWA closed in 1978. In the 1970s, Ron Martinez introduced his friend Eddie Einhorn to his father Pedro Martinez, and the duo established the International Wrestling Association in 1975 as a descendant company of Martinez's National Wrestling Federation. The IWA was originally intended to be the first national wrestling promotion. Einhorn offered professional wrestler George Scott a $250,000 a year salary and percentage of the business to be his partner in the promotion, but Scott declined. To get prominent professional wrestlers such as Ernie Ladd and Mil Mascaras, the company used contracts that guaranteed money to the talent regardless of ticket sales. Einhorn also offered wrestlers deals that included transportation and lodging, in contrast to other promotions. Mascaras was one of the promotion's initial champions. He mainly feuded with Ladd over the IWA Championship. Another one of the promotion's main feuds was between Mighty Igor and Bulldog Brower. During the storyline, Brower attacked Igor on his birthday, knocking him into his birthday cake. The IWA's early house shows featuring Mascaras were competition for Vince McMahon's World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF).", "Old Welsh Grey Sheepdog The Welsh Grey or Old Welsh Grey was a breed of sheepdog native to Wales. It is probably now extinct, although it may have contributed to the makeup of the Welsh Sheepdog. Welsh Greys were shaggy, long-haired dogs, similar in appearance to working strains of the Scottish Bearded Collie or to the ancestors of the Old English Sheepdog, and the breeds probably have a common heritage. Like the Bearded Collie, the Welsh Grey worked in a \"loose-eyed\", noisy manner very different from the Border and other collie types, with a distinctive short bark. As well as being used by shepherds, the breed was also popular with the drovers who took livestock to England. All types of Welsh sheepdog declined in numbers from the early 20th century due to the increasing use of the Border Collie for herding. Dogs of the Welsh Grey breed were still found on Welsh hill farms in the upper Towy valley as late as the 1980s, but the breed is likely now extinct. Specimens of the Welsh Grey are thought to have accompanied Welsh settlers to Patagonia."], "answer": {"text": "Martinez was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in January 2015 with 91.1% of the votes.", "answer_start": 114}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What else has Pedro Martinez done after he retired from baseball?", "answer": {"text": "Martinez joined the Boston Red Sox as a special assistant to general manager Ben Cherington.", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Martinez do anything else after he retired from baseball?", "answer": {"text": "In 2015, Martinez was hired by the MLB Network as a studio analyst", "answer_start": 616, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was Pedro Martinez with the Boston Red Sox?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did Pedro Martinez retire from baseball?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7111b50cfc084f7aaf2aab3ea154f0ad_0_q#5", "question": "Is there any other information about Pedro Martinez and the Hall of Fame?", "rewrite": "Is there any other information about Pedro Martinez together with the Hall of Fame?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["On January 24, 2013, Martinez joined the Boston Red Sox as a special assistant to general manager Ben Cherington. Martinez was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in January 2015 with 91.1% of the votes. His Hall of Fame plaque will have the cap of the Boston Red Sox. \"I cannot be any prouder to take Red Sox Nation to the Hall of Fame with the logo on my plaque\", Martinez said in a statement. \"I am extremely proud to represent Boston and all of New England with my Hall of Fame career. I'm grateful to all of the teams for which I played, and especially fans, for making this amazing honor come true.\" In 2015, Martinez was hired by the MLB Network as a studio analyst and also released an autobiography, Pedro, which he coauthored with Michael Silverman of the Boston Herald. Reflecting on his career, he named Barry Bonds, Edgar Martinez, Derek Jeter, Kenny Lofton and Ichiro Suzuki as the most difficult hitters he had to face. On June 22, 2015, it was announced that Martinez' number 45 would be retired by the Red Sox on July 28, two days after his Hall of Fame induction. Red Sox principal owner John Henry stated, \"to be elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame upon his first year of eligibility speaks volumes regarding Pedro's outstanding career, and is a testament to the respect and admiration so many in baseball have for him.\" On February 1, 2018, Martinez was announced as part of the 2018 Induction Class for the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame.", "Mauro Riquicho Mauro Alves Riquicho (born 7 April 1995) is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a right back. Born in Cascais, Lisbon District of Mozambican descent, Riquicho joined Sporting CP's youth system at the age of 12. On 27 April 2013, still a junior, he made his professional debut with the B-team, playing the full 90 minutes in a 1\u20131 away draw against C.D. Aves for the Segunda Liga championship. Riquicho scored his first goal in the competition on 11 December 2013, but in a 1\u20133 away loss to S.L. Benfica B. He went on to have a long spell on the sidelines, due to a fracture to his left fibula. Riquicho represented Portugal at the 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup. He played all matches in New Zealand, helping his country reach the quarter-finals. Riquicho won his first and only cap for the under-21 team on 8 September 2015, playing the entire 6\u20131 away routing of Albania for the 2017 UEFA European Championship qualifiers.", "International Wrestling Association (1970s) The International Wrestling Association (IWA) was a professional wrestling promotion based in Cleveland, Ohio in the 1970s. It was founded by Eddie Einhorn and Pedro Martinez in 1975. The company descended from the National Wrestling Federation. It was originally intended to be the first national wrestling promotion, but stayed primarily in the Mid-Atlantic region. Einhorn offered his wrestlers more money and benefits than competing promotions, helping to lure big names such as Mil Mascaras (the company's heavyweight champion). Einhorn left the promotion later that year, and Johnny Powers took over as booker. The company scaled down and stayed in Virginia and North Carolina. After losing an antitrust lawsuit against the rival Jim Crockett Promotions, the IWA closed in 1978. In the 1970s, Ron Martinez introduced his friend Eddie Einhorn to his father Pedro Martinez, and the duo established the International Wrestling Association in 1975 as a descendant company of Martinez's National Wrestling Federation. The IWA was originally intended to be the first national wrestling promotion. Einhorn offered professional wrestler George Scott a $250,000 a year salary and percentage of the business to be his partner in the promotion, but Scott declined. To get prominent professional wrestlers such as Ernie Ladd and Mil Mascaras, the company used contracts that guaranteed money to the talent regardless of ticket sales. Einhorn also offered wrestlers deals that included transportation and lodging, in contrast to other promotions. Mascaras was one of the promotion's initial champions. He mainly feuded with Ladd over the IWA Championship. Another one of the promotion's main feuds was between Mighty Igor and Bulldog Brower. During the storyline, Brower attacked Igor on his birthday, knocking him into his birthday cake. The IWA's early house shows featuring Mascaras were competition for Vince McMahon's World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF).", "\u201cA Look Ahead\u201d implementing programming to target predicted high school dropouts all in an attempt to increase graduation rates. Ms. Davis was recognized with the Nevada National Distinguished Principal Award in 2011 for her efforts in transforming an at risk school. Ms. Davis holds the following degrees: Educational Specialist from Nova Southeastern University, with a focus on school administration, a Master\u2019s degree of Education in Educational Technology from Lesley University, and a Bachelor of Science in Education from the University of Nevada Las Vegas. Dr. Kristen McNeill serves as Deputy Superintendent for the Washoe County School District. Pedro Martinez is the former Superintendent of the WCSD. On July 22, 2014, the Board of Trustees of the Washoe County School District relieved Pedro Martinez of his duties as superintendent and named Deputy Superintendent Traci Davis and then Chief of Staff Kristen McNeill as co-managers. In response, Mr. Martinez filed two lawsuits against the school district and the Board of Trustees. Mr. Martinez had previously worked for the District between 2009 and 2011 as a Deputy Superintendent and was instrumental in the development of the District's strategic plan. Immediately before his appointment as Superintendent, Mr. Martinez was the Deputy Superintendent of the Clark County School District in Southern Nevada, the fifth largest school district in the United States. Prior to that, Mr. Martinez served as a Regional Superintendent of the Chicago Public Schools, the nation's third largest school district. The WCSD currently has 64 elementary schools, a special education school, 14 middle schools, 13 comprehensive high schools, Truckee Meadows Community College High School, Innovations High School (a comprehensive high school of choice) and the Academy of Arts Careers and Technology. In the WCSD, elementary schools typically include kindergarten through sixth grade, middle schools include seventh grade and eighth grade, and high schools include ninth grade through twelfth grade.", "Old Welsh Grey Sheepdog The Welsh Grey or Old Welsh Grey was a breed of sheepdog native to Wales. It is probably now extinct, although it may have contributed to the makeup of the Welsh Sheepdog. Welsh Greys were shaggy, long-haired dogs, similar in appearance to working strains of the Scottish Bearded Collie or to the ancestors of the Old English Sheepdog, and the breeds probably have a common heritage. Like the Bearded Collie, the Welsh Grey worked in a \"loose-eyed\", noisy manner very different from the Border and other collie types, with a distinctive short bark. As well as being used by shepherds, the breed was also popular with the drovers who took livestock to England. All types of Welsh sheepdog declined in numbers from the early 20th century due to the increasing use of the Border Collie for herding. Dogs of the Welsh Grey breed were still found on Welsh hill farms in the upper Towy valley as late as the 1980s, but the breed is likely now extinct. Specimens of the Welsh Grey are thought to have accompanied Welsh settlers to Patagonia."], "answer": {"text": "His Hall of Fame plaque will have the cap of the Boston Red Sox. \"", "answer_start": 214}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What else has Pedro Martinez done after he retired from baseball?", "answer": {"text": "Martinez joined the Boston Red Sox as a special assistant to general manager Ben Cherington.", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Martinez do anything else after he retired from baseball?", "answer": {"text": "In 2015, Martinez was hired by the MLB Network as a studio analyst", "answer_start": 616, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was Pedro Martinez with the Boston Red Sox?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did Pedro Martinez retire from baseball?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is important to know about Pedro Martinez after he retired from baseball?", "answer": {"text": "Martinez was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in January 2015 with 91.1% of the votes.", "answer_start": 114, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1d0fe071e40c4c4985cd13aec1549433_1_q#0", "question": "How did Kelly gain his fame?", "rewrite": "How did Kelly gain his fame?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In a written statement to the media and posted on the embassy website, Schlicher said that \"After the notification of next of kin, with deep sadness, I announce that LTC Thomas Mooney, who served his nation with distinction as our Defense Attach\u00e9, was found dead by Cypriot authorities on Monday. The cause of his death is being investigated, and any further information will be released as appropriate.\" Schlicher also announced the cancellation of a planned July 2 Independence Day reception. The State Department said Mooney's death was not connected to terrorism; State Department spokesman Sean McCormack said that \"I wouldn't point you in the direction of an act of terror.\" Amb. Schlicher said that Mooney's death had \"no political or security implications.\" Agence France-Presse cited an official involved in the autopsy speaking anonymously as saying that Mooney's death was a suicide and he died due to hemorrhaging after stabbing himself in the neck; the official said that \"there was no evidence of foul play whatsover\" and that the body was in a state of decomposition. Cyprus police confirmed that Mooney died as a result of a neck wound but did not describe it as suicide, which is illegal in Cyprus.", "Anthurium sect. Gymnopodium Gymnopodium is a section within the genus \"Anthurium\". It is composed of the extremely rare Cuban species \"Anthurium gymnopus\". Plants of this section are of somewhat scandent habit, with medium to long internodes, deciduous cataphylls, and somewhat leathery, suborbicular leaf blades. Other notable features include a long inflorescence with a stipitate spadix. The most notable feature is that mature berries contain up to four seeds, rather than the typical two. The section is poorly studied, and with further genetic testing it may be absorbed into another.", "Ignacio Lores Varela Ignacio Lores Varela (born 26 April 1991) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a winger for Pe\u00f1arol. He is a former Uruguay U20 international. Lores also holds Spanish passport. Lores started his football career with Defensor Sporting, making his debut in the Uruguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n during the 2009\u201310 season. He made a total of 10 league appearances with the Montevideo-based club. On 9 July 2011 , Lores signed with Italian side Palermo on a five-year deal for a fee of \u20ac2.8 million. He was given the number 26 jersey. Lores made his Serie A debut in a 3\u20131 home win against Bologna on 5 November, coming on as a first-half substitute, replacing the injured Abel Hern\u00e1ndez early in the first half. Ignacio started his first Serie A match for Palermo in a 0\u20130 draw against Parma at the Stadio Ennio Tardini on 4 December. On 29 August 2012 he moved on loan to Bulgarian A PFG team Botev Vratsa. After 8 appearances, On 1 February 2013, Lores was loaned out to another A PFG club CSKA Sofia for one-and-a-half year. On 31 March, in a 3\u20130 home victory over Minyor Pernik, Lores assisted Martin Kamburov for the first goal in a game and later netted his first goal, scoring CSKA's second. He finished the season with 20 appearances and one goal in the league, scored in the 19th day, and two appearances in the domestic cup. He returned to Palermo for the 2013\u201314 season, and played his first game of the season on 11 August 2013 on the occasion of the match in the second round of the Italian Cup won 2\u20131 on Cremonese.", "THE POET\u2019S PROEM. Story\u00df to rede ar delitabill,
suppo\u00df \u00feat \u00feai be nocht bot fabill,
\u00fean suld story\u00df \u00feat suthfast wer,
And \u00feai war said on gud maner,
Hawe doubill plesance in heryng.
\u00fee fyrst plesance is \u00fee carpyng,
And \u00fee to\u00feir \u00fee suthfastnes,
\u00feat schawys \u00fee thing rycht as it wes;
And suth thyngis \u00feat ar likand< br> Tyll mannys heryng ar plesand.
\u00fearfor I wald fayne set my will,
Giff my wyt mycht suffice \u00feartill,
To put in wryt a suthfast story,
\u00feat it lest ay furth in memory,
Swa \u00feat na length of tyme it let,
na ger it haly be for\u021det.
For auld storys \u00feat men redys,
Representis to \u00feaim \u00fee dedys
Of stalwart folk \u00feat lywyt ar,
Rycht as \u00feai \u00fean in presence war.
And, certis, \u00feai suld weill hawe pry\u00df
\u00feat in \u00fear tyme war wycht and wy\u00df,
And led thar lyff in gret trawaill,
And oft in hard stour off bataill", "This second edition, Bauer-Danker Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, is commonly known as BAGD (due to the abbreviation of the contributors Bauer\u2013Arndt\u2013Gingrich\u2013Danker). The third English edition was published in 2000. It is based upon the sixth German edition, which was published following Bauer's death in 1960, by Kurt Aland, Barbara Aland and Viktor Reichmann. Gingrich died in 1993, leaving Danker to complete the third English edition based on all the prior editions and substantial work of his own. Given the extensive improvements in this edition (said to include over 15,000 new citations), it is now known as Bauer\u2013Danker\u2013Arndt\u2013Gingrich (BDAG) or sometimes the Bauer-Danker Lexicon. A notable feature of the third English edition is vastly improved typography. This reflects early adoption of SGML technology. The entire lexicon was converted to SGML in the late 1980s at Dallas Seminary with collaboration from SGML experts interested in the project, and Danker actually did substantial editorial and authorial work in an SGML editing program. This technology permitted much more consistent and flexible typography, as well as information retrieval. A Chinese translation of the lexicon, based on the third English edition, was published in 2009 in Hong Kong by Chinese Bible International Limited."], "answer": {"text": "15 October 1869 at the age of 14 when he was charged with the assault and robbery of Ah Fook, a pig and fowl trader of Chinese descent from Bright.", "answer_start": 51}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1d0fe071e40c4c4985cd13aec1549433_1_q#1", "question": "Did he continue a life of crime after age 14?", "rewrite": "Did Kelly continue a life of crime after age 14?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The relationship has been troubled from the outset, for Ryan desires a very casual relationship, whereas the overbearing Kelly wants to get married and have children as soon as possible. The two \"hooked up\" on the eve of Valentine's Day, although Ryan was brusque with her the following day. Things seemed to be starting up between the two again during the office \"Casino Night\". Ryan and Kelly are later seen dating in \"The Convention\". Ryan met Kelly's parents during Diwali, but they were not impressed by his low income, desire to travel and saving up money to buy an Xbox, rather than start a family. Ryan has more than once tried unsuccessfully to break up with Kelly, with one of the more notable occurrences after \"The Merger\" episode. Even though Ryan and Kelly continue to bicker, he is sweet to her in the episode \"Safety Training\". B. J. Novak has stated that Ryan and Kelly are going strong, well into the third season: \"I think Ryan and Kelly is a relationship that everyone has been in. It's a puzzle as to why they're still together, but I think Ryan loves being loved-- even though he won't admit it. He lost Michael's love so he has to take in more love from Kelly. \" After accepting a promotion to Corporate by telephone in \"The Job\", an elated Ryan immediately breaks up with Kelly, telling her \"You and I are done,\" with a smile. In \"Dunder Mifflin Infinity\", Kelly tries to rekindle their relationship by feigning pregnancy, a lie which she later reveals. This only upsets Ryan more and leads to him attempting to have her job outsourced to India. Ryan is visibly upset in later episodes when Kelly later flirts with and kisses Darryl in front of him.", "Ultimately, The End showed how NXT \"continues to develop and grow into its own white hot brand\". Varsallone credited how \"those who started the NXT phenomenon\" (examples include male wrestler Kevin Owens, female wrestler Sasha Banks, tag team Enzo Amore and Colin Cassady, manager Lana and referee Jason Ayers) have already transitioned to WWE's main roster, so now \"it's time for the next group to step up, and they are\" indeed shining. For the matches, the tag title match was \"stellar\", Aries-Nakamura was a \"dream matchup\", while Almas-Dillinger was \"really good\" and enhanced by the crowd supporting both wrestlers. Varsallone also listed a variety of chants for each match by fans. Jason Powell of \"Pro Wrestling Dot Net\" thought that The End was \"another excellent NXT Takeover special\", \"never a dull moment\" despite less \"buzz\". Powell thought that the \"strong, dramatic\" main event had enough uncertainty as to its outcome to make \"the near falls count\". For the other title matches, the women match was \"entertaining\" although it \"won't compete for best of the night\", while the tag match was \"excellent\" and even better than their previous matchup at . As a sidenote, Powell wrote, \"As a longtime fan, I love the use of Ellering, who looks tremendous for his age.\" Meanwhile, Aries-Nakamura was \"a hell of a match\" with Powell enjoying how \"Aries looked so strong in defeat\". Lastly, in the opener, \"Almas showed some tremendous athleticism, and Dillinger played his part in the match very nicely\".", "Her past is later developed when she runs into an old friend, Dr. Ben \"Stitch\" Rayburn, which whom she continues to taunt a secret from his own past. With the casting of McClain in the role, she was asked if she'd channel some of the \"bitch\" from her portrayal of Rosanna during her first-run on \"As the World Turns\". McClain commented, \"It\u2019s so much fun to be a \u201cbitch\u201d! At first, it was hard to be so mean. But then I was like, \u201cThis is so great.\u201d (Laughs) I have this whole new idea of the character of Kelly in my head. I have this feeling Kelly has this edge to her, but it\u2019s not an edge like a bitch. It\u2019s kind of like raw ambition. \" McClain also commented on Kelly having \"self hate\" and being a \"complex character\", as she tries to put the pieces of the character together for herself. Kelly first appears in Genoa City at a grief support group, telling the story about how her son, Sam, died after being struck by a car, leading it to the end of her marriage to her husband, Dean. She meets Billy (Billy Miller) and Victoria Abbott (Amelia Heinle), who are grieving over the loss of Billy's daughter, Delia Abbott (Sophie Pollono). Billy and Kelly continue to meet and discuss their grief outside of the group, as Billy finds Victoria hard to talk to. Victoria is shown to be jealous of their relationship as she can't give Billy the support he needs. Billy and Kelly later have an affair leaving them guilt-ridden. Kelly is also revealed to know Dr. Ben \"Stitch\" Rayburn (Sean Carrigan) and that he is hiding something about who he really is.", "The season finale aired on August 23, 2009. Rowland and Debogorski take part in this season as newcomers to the Dalton Highway in Alaska, working alongside the following local drivers at Carlile Transportation. Dalton Highway: Season 4 of \"Ice Road Truckers\" premiered on June 6, 2010. Debogorski, Rowland, Jessee, Hall, and Kelly continue driving the Dalton Highway for Carlile this season. Debogorski had a good season, stopping to help drivers in trouble on multiple occasions. Rowland spent the season trying to avoid the Department of Transport (DOT) Weigh station. Jessee was assigned some of the toughest loads, to be taken over some of the roughest roads. Kelly started out the season with goals to achieve: she wanted to try hauling heavier, bigger loads and have a go at push-truck driving; she also aimed to save enough money to buy back her horse. Both goals she eventually achieved. Dalton Highway : The truckers make stops at Fairbanks, Coldfoot, Deadhorse and the oilfields of Prudhoe Bay as in Season 3, as well as the following new destinations: Some heavy haul loads bound for Prudhoe Bay originated in Anchorage and reached Fairbanks via the Glenn Highway and George Parks Highway before going on the Dalton. The focus of this season is split between two locations. One group drives the Dalton Highway, moving freight between Fairbanks and Deadhorse with occasional side trips to Nuiqsut and Anchorage. Meanwhile, a second group transports loads between Winnipeg, Manitoba, and several remote communities over winter and ice roads. The on-screen graphics for type and weight of each load hauled featured in the first four seasons were discontinued with Season 5, now only showing time of day or temperature depending on the situation.", "List of Maverick episodes The following is an episode list for ABC's 1957 comedy-western television series, \"Maverick\", created by Roy Huggins and starring James Garner, Jack Kelly, Roger Moore, and Robert Colbert as Bret, Bart, Beau, and Brent Maverick respectively. Unusually for an American television program, \"Maverick\"'s main cast varied episodically between Garner, Kelly, Moore or Colbert. As such, the starring cast for each episode is listed below alongside other details. Most episodes feature only one of the lead characters named Maverick, and never more than two\u2014and in two-Maverick episodes, one of the Mavericks is always Bart. James Garner (as Bret Maverick) is the sole star for the first seven episodes. With episode eight, he's joined by Jack Kelly as brother Bart Maverick. From that point on, the two alternate leads more or less from week to week, sometimes teaming up for the occasional episode. Recurring characters include rival gamblers/operators Samantha Crawford, Dandy Jim Buckley and Big Mike McComb. The entire first season was released by Warner Bros. on DVD in mid-2012. Garner and Kelly continue as alternating leads, with the odd 'team-up' episode. Semi-regulars Samatha Crawford and Dandy Jim Buckley exit partway through the season; new semi-regulars include Cindy Lou Brown and Gentleman Jack Darby. Big Mike McComb also returns from the first season. Writer/creator Roy Huggins leaves the show. Garner and Kelly remain the leads. Of the recurring characters, only Gentleman Jack Darby returns for season 3, and only for one episode."], "answer": {"text": "Fook described 14-year-old Kelly as being aged around 20 years.", "answer_start": 568}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Kelly gain his fame?", "answer": {"text": "15 October 1869 at the age of 14 when he was charged with the assault and robbery of Ah Fook, a pig and fowl trader of Chinese descent from Bright.", "answer_start": 51, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1d0fe071e40c4c4985cd13aec1549433_1_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Aside from been charged at the age of 14 with the assault and robbery of Ah Fook, a pig and fowl trader of Chinese descent from Bright are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Kelly's first documented brush with the law was on 15 October 1869 at the age of 14 when he was charged with the assault and robbery of Ah Fook, a pig and fowl trader of Chinese descent from Bright. According to Fook, as he was passing Kelly's house, Kelly approached him with a long bamboo stick, announcing that he was a bushranger and would kill him if he did not hand over his money. Kelly then allegedly took him into the bush, beat him with the stick and stole 10 shillings. According to Kelly, his sister Annie and two witnesses, Bill Skilling and Bill Grey, Annie was sitting outside the house sewing when Fook walked up and asked for a drink of water. Given creek water, he abused Annie for not giving him rain water, and Kelly came outside and pushed him. Fook then hit Kelly three times with the bamboo stick, causing him to run away. The visitor then walked away, threatening to return and burn the house down, and Kelly did not return until sundown. Historians find neither account convincing and believe that Kelly's account is likely true up to being hit by Fook but then Kelly probably took the stick from him and beat him with it. Kelly was arrested the following day for highway robbery and locked up overnight in Benalla. He appeared in court the following morning, but Sergeant Whelan, despite using an interpreter to translate Fook's account, requested a remand to allow time to find another interpreter. Kelly was held for four days and appearing in court on 20 October, was again remanded after the police failed to produce an interpreter. The charge was dismissed on 26 October and he was released. Sergeant Whelan disliked Kelly. Three months earlier when he had prosecuted Yeaman Gunn for possession of stolen mutton, Kelly testified that he had sold several sheep to Gunn that same day.", "Kelly's first documented brush with the law was on 15 October 1869 at the age of 14 when he was charged with the assault and robbery of Ah Fook, a pig and fowl trader of Chinese descent from Bright. According to Fook, as he was passing Kelly's house, Kelly approached him with a long bamboo stick, announcing that he was a bushranger and would kill him if he did not hand over his money. Kelly then allegedly took him into the bush, beat him with the stick and stole 10 shillings. According to Kelly, his sister Annie and two witnesses, Bill Skilling and Bill Grey, Annie was sitting outside the house sewing when Fook walked up and asked for a drink of water. Given creek water, he abused Annie for not giving him rain water, and Kelly came outside and pushed him. Fook then hit Kelly three times with the bamboo stick, causing him to run away. The visitor then walked away, threatening to return and burn the house down, and Kelly did not return until sundown. Historians find neither account convincing and believe that Kelly's account is likely true up to being hit by Fook but then Kelly probably took the stick from him and beat him with it. Kelly was arrested the following day for highway robbery and locked up overnight in Benalla. He appeared in court the following morning, but Sergeant Whelan, despite using an interpreter to translate Fook's account, requested a remand to allow time to find another interpreter. Kelly was held for four days and appearing in court on 20 October, was again remanded after the police failed to produce an interpreter. The charge was dismissed on 26 October and he was released. Sergeant Whelan disliked Kelly. Three months earlier when he had prosecuted Yeaman Gunn for possession of stolen mutton, Kelly testified that he had sold several sheep to Gunn that same day.", "Jalan Wong Ah Fook Jalan Wong Ah Fook is a major one-way road in Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. It is located in Johor Bahru's central business district and is also one of the busiest roads in the city. It was named after Wong Ah Fook, a Chinese man who came to Singapore in 1854 and established himself in building construction and other businesses. The town of Johor Bahru was founded in 1855 by Wong Ah Fook and Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim. \"Jalan\" is the Malay word for road. Legaran Segget, Meldrum Walk, Johor Bahru City Square and KOMTAR or Johor Bahru City Centre", "Named Kampung Wong Ah Fook, the main road in the kampung was named Jalan Wong Ah Fook, while three other smaller roads, namely Jalan Siu Nam, Jalan Siu Koon, and Jalan Siu Chin, were named after Wong's three eldest sons. The area became a prominent Cantonese-dominant area and is now the city centre of Johor Bahru, with all the four roads still existing today. However, it was the Kwong Yik Bank that was to become Wong Ah Fook's most ambitious undertaking and also his proudest achievement. Yet, the venture was to lead to his greatest disaster and brought him close to grief. On 26 December 1914, a general meeting of Chinese Community of Johor Bahru was held for the elections of the officials and discussing the particulars of Chinese General Mandarin School of Johor, Khuan Jiew School, Wong Ah Fook was elected as the President of the Committee. He also one of the original founders of the Kwong Wai Siew Chinese Hospital (now Kwong Wai Shiu Hospital; ) in Singapore, which according to \"The Straits Times\", \"a hospital providing indigenous treatment to the Chinese\". In the later part of his life, Wong had suffered from a failing eyesight, and two months before his passing, he had recovered from a severe illness. However, in August 1918, he contracted influenza which developed into pneumonia, to which he succumbed. On 2 September 1918, Wong Ah Fook died at the age of 82 in his home at 80 Kampong Java Road, in the present day district of Kallang, Singapore. He was buried at Kwong Wai Siew Peck San Theng after his death.", "Wong Ah Fook Wong Ah Fook (; 1837 \u2013 12 September 1918), also known as \"Wong Fook\" or \"Wong Fook Kee\", was a Chinese immigrant, entrepreneur, and philanthropist who left an indelible imprint on the state of Johor in present-day Malaysia, particularly its capital, Johor Bahru. Primarily a building contractor, although he also ventured into many other businesses, he built a good number of Johor's heritage buildings, including the original Istana Besar, the royal palace of the Sultan of Johor. Jalan Wong Ah Fook, one of the busiest streets in downtown Johor Bahru, is named after him. Born in Yanjingcun, a Chinese village in Taishan county, Guangdong province, Wong Ah Fook hired himself out as a farmer's boy when his family fell on hard times. It is likely that he never attended school but he did learn to read and write and also to use the abacus. In 1854, then age 17, Wong emigrated to Singapore as the result of civil unrest in his hometown that eventually erupted into the Punti\u2013Hakka Clan Wars (1855\u20131867). Like many others, he had no money to pay his passage and indentured himself to a carpenter as he did not want to travel all the way, only to become an agricultural laborer all over again. After working for a year at nominal wages, Wong was free but he continued to work with his employer and was given a share of the business after a few years. The Singapore economy was growing and there was a great demand for houses, shops, and warehouses. Seeing the opportunities, Wong became a building contractor as it was only a short step from carpentry work."], "answer": {"text": "he abused Annie for not giving him rain water, and Kelly came outside and pushed him.", "answer_start": 680}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Kelly gain his fame?", "answer": {"text": "15 October 1869 at the age of 14 when he was charged with the assault and robbery of Ah Fook, a pig and fowl trader of Chinese descent from Bright.", "answer_start": 51, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he continue a life of crime after age 14?", "answer": {"text": "Fook described 14-year-old Kelly as being aged around 20 years.", "answer_start": 568, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_1d0fe071e40c4c4985cd13aec1549433_1_q#3", "question": "Who is Annie?", "rewrite": "Who is Annie?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["but Robert tells Victoria that it's best Annie knows. In November, Diane informs Victoria that she spoke to Annie on the phone and she is in great health. In January 2017, Diane informs Debbie that Annie has donated 300 euro to Sarah's fundraiser page for her cancer treatment. In February, Robert marries his boyfriend Aaron Dingle, and Diane reveals to Debbie and Victoria that Annie won't be attending as it was very short notice, but she hopes Robert will be happy with his new husband. The day after the wedding, Robert reveals a letter from Annie which tells him that his father Jack and grandfather Jacob would be so happy to see him settle down, and she hopes he will visit her with Aaron very soon. In April, Victoria rings Annie to tell her about her problems with Adam in the hope Annie might give her some advice. In November 2017, Robert becomes a father and Victoria rings Annie to give her the news. In July 2018, Victoria rings Annie to tell her that Sarah is fighting for her life due to a heart problem. In August 2018, Diane visits Annie for two weeks. In March 2019, Diane tells Victoria that Annie rang and she is in great Health. In May 2019, following Victoria's rape, Victoria and Robert visits Annie to cheer Victoria up. The character Annie Sugden has been the topic of several tie-in books related to the \"Emmerdale\" serial. These include \"Annie Sugden's Country Diary\", written by Lee Mackenzie and published in 1978. The novel gives Annie's account of her childhood and early adult life in Beckindale. It is described as a \"story of the long, hot summers between the wars, the village school and the open fields [..] Annie's heart-warming memories of the good times and the hard times amongst honest working folk in the Yorkshire dales [...]", "Fanny says to Annie no matter what Tony says, she and Annie will always be family. All the while Tony, who is visibly upset, begins to scream that Annie is his because he was Heaven's father, which proved that Annie is his granddaughter, revealing to Annie that Aunt Fanny has known that as well, due to a letter Aunt Fanny and Heaven's brother Tom had written Fanny before he died. Nonetheless, Annie returns to her old home in Winnerrow with Fanny (who seems to be trying to turn her life around, giving up her wild ways and trying to be more like Heaven) and Luke. Upon an extremely warm arrival home Annie receives a phone call from a furious Drake telling her that she has put Tony in a deep depression and that she will ruin her life by doing this. Annie accuses Drake of not caring about her and being seduced by Tony's money and the promise of power. Drake protests, but Annie sees that she has pinpointed it exactly and sadly gives up on Drake. Annie and Luke are still in love with each other but know they cannot be together. Soon after, Tony dies and Luke and Annie travel back to Farthy to attend the funeral. Troy is there and notices how Annie and Luke are fighting against their true feelings for each other. After the funeral Troy invites Luke and Annie back to the cottage for some food and conversation. He then tells Annie how he and Heaven were engaged, but then they found out that Tony had raped Leigh and was Heaven's father. He goes on to confess that he left Heaven after the revelation, and even let her believe he was dead. Heaven then married Logan, but Troy and Heaven were briefly reunited and had made forbidden love, and that he believes beyond a doubt that he is Annie's true father; thus, Annie and Luke are not related and can have a relationship.", "Annie (singer) Anne Lilia Berge Strand (born 21 November 1977), known professionally as Annie, is a Norwegian singer-songwriter, DJ and record producer. Annie began her recording career in 1999 with the underground hit single \"The Greatest Hit\" and gained international acclaim, particularly from music bloggers, for her debut album \"Anniemal\" (2004). After completing secondary school, Annie started DJing in Bergen, where she met house producer and soon-to-be boyfriend Tore Kroknes. In 1999, Annie and Kroknes released the single \"The Greatest Hit\", which sold out in two days and became popular in Norwegian and British nightclubs. Before Annie and Kroknes could release an album, Kroknes died from a congenital heart defect in 2001. Annie went on to sign a record deal with Britain's 679 Recordings in 2003, releasing her debut album \"Anniemal\" in 2004, for which she received widespread critical acclaim and several Norwegian music awards. Annie has been described as \"a pop singer with credibility, an indie artist with one eye on the dancefloor\" and as \"the Norwegian Kylie\" (referring to Kylie Minogue). Annie describes her music as \"pop with strange edges\". Annie released her second studio album, \"Don't Stop\", on the Smalltown Supersound label on 19 October 2009. Annie currently lives in Berlin. Annie was born in 1977 Trondheim, Norway and was raised in the coastal town of Kristiansand. Annie's father, a church organist, died of cancer when Annie was 7. After a series of moves, Annie and her mother, a teacher of English and religion, moved to Norway's second largest city Bergen when Annie was 13. By this time, Annie sang in choirs. At age 16, Annie and a group of friends formed Suitcase, an indie rock band.", "Widowed again, Annie was left to mourn a second husband. At Jack's wedding to Sarah Connolly in 1994, Amos announced that the residents of Beckindale had decided to rename the village Emmerdale, in honour of Annie. He remarked that people had voted for the name Emmerdale as they held Annie in such high regard. After moving to Spain in 1994, Annie returned to Emmerdale in 1995 to bury her son Joe, who had died in a car accident. 23 years after his first proposal, Amos Brearly proposed to Annie again; this time she accepted. Annie and Amos returned to Spain where they married on 5 November 1995, though Annie returned briefly on 7 November 1996 to ask Jack to sell Emmerdale Farm; he refused. After a 13-year absence, Annie returned to the village on 9 February 2009 for Jack's funeral. Jack had been staying with her in Spain and had suffered a fatal heart attack; she accompanied his body to Emmerdale. She grieved with Jack's family, which included his widower Diane Sugden, Victoria, and his adoptive son Andy, and returned to Spain after his funeral. In October 2013 Diane rings Annie to inform her of Alan Turner's death; Annie sends flowers. In May 2014, Diane informs Andy's former lover, Debbie Dingle, that Annie still lives happily in Spain. The following October, Andy encourages Debbie to take herself, and Annie's great-grandchildren Sarah and Jack, both through Andy, to see Annie with Debbie's father Cain Dingle. They do, and Diane believes that Annie will be pleased with them all. In November 2015, Diane goes to stay with Annie after she takes ill and stays for two months. In August 2016, Victoria informs Robert that Annie will be very upset to hear Andy has gone on the run", "And Annie starts to develop feelings for Liam too. Later on, Liam is having dinner with his mother and finds out she's trying to hire another housekeeper, and that she was accused of stealing the coins that Liam took. In need, he turns to Annie for advice, and he and Naomi steadily grow apart. In the season 2 finale Liam breaks up with Naomi then takes Annie on his newly finished boat. After Annie confesses to Liam about her killing Jasper's uncle she decides to tell her parents. As she does this Liam sees that his boat is on fire and spots Jasper, who's on crutches, trying to get away. Seeing this he takes down Jasper and starts to brutally hit him repeatedly as the police arrives. In the first episode of the third season, Liam develops feelings for Annie, and kisses her. But Annie rejects him after almost getting her into trouble with the police. It is revealed he has a half-brother; Charlie, who Annie begins dating. Liam doesn't like Charlie, but after a heart-to-heart conversation about how they were mistreated during their childhood, they reconcile. Later when Liam is injured and Annie is left to look after him, they kiss after Liam admits he loves her. Although Annie is still in a relationship, she says she couldn't live without him and they sleep together. After Charlie discovers that Annie has true feelings for Liam, he leaves to study abroad in France. Annie and Liam start dating. Afterwards, Annie's cousin Emily moves in for a while at the Wilsons' but Annie doesn't really appreciate it and that's why Emily decides to take over things in Annie's life and then tries to seduce Liam. He realizes she is trying to hurt Annie and works on a plan to expose her. In the season finale, Liam tells Annie right before graduation that he decided not to attend college."], "answer": {"text": "his sister Annie", "answer_start": 501}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Kelly gain his fame?", "answer": {"text": "15 October 1869 at the age of 14 when he was charged with the assault and robbery of Ah Fook, a pig and fowl trader of Chinese descent from Bright.", "answer_start": 51, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he continue a life of crime after age 14?", "answer": {"text": "Fook described 14-year-old Kelly as being aged around 20 years.", "answer_start": 568, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "he abused Annie for not giving him rain water, and Kelly came outside and pushed him.", "answer_start": 680, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1d0fe071e40c4c4985cd13aec1549433_1_q#5", "question": "Whos money was he wanting?", "rewrite": "Whos money was Kelly wanting?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Grinch The Grinch is a fictional character created by Dr. Seuss. He is best known as the main character of the children's book \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas!\" (1957). He has been played/voiced by many different actors, including: Boris Karloff, Hans Conried, Bob Holt, Anthony Asbury, Jim Carrey and Benedict Cumberbatch. The Grinch is depicted as a hairy, pot-bellied, pear-shaped, snub-nosed creature with a cat-like face and cynical personality. In full-color adaptations, he is typically colored avocado green. He has spent the past 53 years living in seclusion on a cliff, overlooking the town of Whoville. In contrast to the cheerful Whos, the Grinch is misanthropic and mean-tempered. The reason for this is a source of speculation; the consensus among the Whos is that he was born with a heart that is \"two sizes too small\". He especially hates the Christmas season, making particular note of how disturbing the various noises of Christmas time are to him, including the singing of Christmas carols. Unable to stand the holiday any longer, he decides to destroy it once and for all. Aided by his pet dog, Max, he disguises himself as Santa Claus and breaks into the Whos' homes to steal everything they own and dump it off a nearby mountain. Although he pulls off the theft successfully, on Christmas morning, he is shocked to hear the Whos still singing cheerfully, happy simply to have each other. He then realizes that the holiday has a deeper meaning that he never considered. Inspired, he stops the Whos' belongings from falling off the edge of the mountain, and in the process (according to those who speculated upon the size of his heart before) his heart grows three sizes.", "He then proceeds to ruin the party by shaving Maywho's hair with the shaver, burning down the town's Christmas tree, and causing chaos throughout Whoville. Disappointed, Maywho reproaches Cindy for inviting the Grinch to the celebration, leaving her upset. However, the Grinch's actions prove fruitless, as the Whos have a spare tree, which they are able to erect before he even leaves. Since the Grinch's attack has failed to crush the Whos' Christmas spirit, he concocts a plan to prove his point by stealing all of their presents, decorations, and food while they are sleeping. He creates a Santa suit to disguise himself and dresses his dog Max as a reindeer, in addition to building a powered sleigh, and descends to Whoville and begins to steal all of the Christmas gifts. The first house he goes to is Cindy's family's home, and when Cindy catches him stealing their tree, he lies by saying that he is taking it to Santa's workshop to repair a defective light; Cindy believes him and allows him to escape. When they wake up on Christmas morning, the Whos are horrified to discover the theft, and Maywho blames Cindy for letting this happen to Whoville. However, her cheerful father, town postman Lou Lou Who, comes to his daughter's defense by explaining to Maywho and all of the other Whos that he has finally figured out what Cindy has been trying to tell the whole town : Christmas is mainly about love of family and friends, not just gifts, fancy lights and contests. Realizing how commercial and greedy they have been, the Whos agree with Lou and start singing Whoville's signature Christmas carol, \"Welcome Christmas\" by Dr. Seuss.", "Originally owned by North Alabama Broadcasting, the station was assigned the WHOS call letters by the Federal Communications Commission. It ran a country music format for most of its first 40 years. In February 1987, the broadcast license for WHOS was transferred from Dixie Broadcasting, Inc., to Dixie Broadcasting, Inc. as Debtor-In-Possession. The transfer was approved by the FCC on February 26, 1987. Dixie Broadcasting had filed bankruptcy in an effort to stave off an adverse civil lawsuit outcome regarding the contracted sale of WDRM to W.H. Pollard, Jr., the then-owner of WBHP (1230 AM) in Huntsville, Alabama. In October 1988, the station, which had been airing a Gospel music format, flipped to an all-Elvis Presley format using the advertising tagline \"WHOS alive?\". This novel format garnered the station national media attention but failed to gain a local audience and lasted just six months. After the stunt ended WHOS switched to a simulcast of then co-owned WDRM and its country music format. In January 1992, a deal was reached for the broadcast license for WHOS to be transferred from Dixie Broadcasting, Inc. as Debtor-In-Possession back to Dixie Broadcasting, Inc. The deal was approved by the FCC on March 26, 1992, and the transaction was consummated on September 15, 1992. In December 1991, Dixie Broadcasting, Inc., reached an agreement to merge ownership of this station with the ownership of WBHP to a new company named Mountain Lakes Broadcasting, Inc., pending the resolution of Dixie's legal difficulties. In October 1993, with Dixie Broadcasting back in good financial standing and the legal issues settled by the appeals courts, the merger moved forward. The deal was approved by the FCC on November 3, 1993, and the transaction was consummated on November 11, 1993.", "The Pressurized Mating Adapters (PMA) serve as docking ports on the USOS portion of the ISS. It converts the standard Common Berthing Mechanism to APAS-95, the docking system that was used by the Space Shuttle and the Russian Orbital Segment. Currently PMA-1 is used to connect the \"Unity\" node with the \"Zarya\" module on the ISS. Pressurized Mating Adapter-2 is located on the forward end of \"Harmony\", while PMA-3 is located in the zenith port of the same node. PMA-2 was the main Shuttle docking port, with PMA-3 being its backup, used only a few times. With the new Crew Commercial Program and the retirement of the Shuttle fleet, NASA built the International Docking Adapter, to convert PMA-2 and PMA-3 to the NASA Docking System. IDA-1 was supposed to dock with PMA-2, but was lost in the SpaceX CRS-7 launch failure. Thus IDA-2, which was brought by SpaceX CRS-9 and was supposed to dock to PMA-3, was shifted to PMA-2. IDA-3, the replacement for the lost IDA-1, that will be berthed to PMA-3, will launch in July 2019 on SpaceX CRS-18. PMA-1 and PMA-2 were delivered with the \"Unity\" node on STS-88 in December 1998. The third PMA was delivered by STS-92 on October 11, 2000. The Integrated Truss Structure (ITS) houses vital equipment on the exterior of the ISS. Each segment of truss is given a designation of P or S, indicating whether the segment is on the port or starboard side, and a number which indicates its position on its respective side.", ": Mother bird Mayzie lays an egg, but becomes weary of incubating it, and persuades Horton to take her place. As Horton spends months at this, he suffers rainstorms, snowstorms, and the mockery of the other animals, while Mayzie relaxes abroad. When three hunters approach him, Horton defies them to shoot him, while refusing to leave the nest; and the hunters, realizing they have found a rare attraction - an elephant sitting on a nest - dig up the tree and sell him to a circus. When the circus arrives in Palm Beach, Mayzie goes to Horton demanding the return of her egg; but when the egg hatches, it produces the hybrid 'elephant-bird', who returns with Horton to the wild. Horton Hears A Who!: Horton is bathing in a pond when he hears a speck of dust emit cries for help, and places it on a red clover for safety. Upon investigating, he learns that the speck of dust is a microscopic world named Whoville, inhabited by a microscopic species called Whos. When he talks to the Whos, the Sour Kangaroo and her son brand Horton as insane to the entire animal kingdom. When Horton retains the Whos, the Wickersham Brothers steal the clover and request Vladikoff to dispose of it; whereupon Vladikoff discards the clover among a field of identical plants. After a day of searching, Horton locates Whoville; but Mother Kangaroo arrives with an army of monkeys, to imprison him and destroy the clover. When the Kangaroos fail to hear a chorus of Whos announcing their presence, monkeys attack Horton, who shouts at the Whos to prove themselves; but all their efforts fail until the Who child 'Jojo' shouts the syllable \"YOPP!\", breaking the sound barrier."], "answer": {"text": "Fook,", "answer_start": 139}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Kelly gain his fame?", "answer": {"text": "15 October 1869 at the age of 14 when he was charged with the assault and robbery of Ah Fook, a pig and fowl trader of Chinese descent from Bright.", "answer_start": 51, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he continue a life of crime after age 14?", "answer": {"text": "Fook described 14-year-old Kelly as being aged around 20 years.", "answer_start": 568, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "he abused Annie for not giving him rain water, and Kelly came outside and pushed him.", "answer_start": 680, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is Annie?", "answer": {"text": "his sister Annie", "answer_start": 501, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his early life like?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5c48d1b07a7436b8e330e9aa7e98f2e_1_q#0", "question": "What role did Byron M. Cutcheon play in the civil war?", "rewrite": "What role did Byron M. Cutcheon play in the civil war?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["it would have likely struck a major vessel and have caused him to bleed to death.) Having captured the flag Custer held it aloft and rode back to the Union column. An officer of the Third New Jersey cavalry, seeing Custer ride back with the banner flapping, tried to warn him that he might be shot by his own side: \"For God's sake, Tom, furl that flag or they'll fire on you!\" Custer ignored him and kept riding towards his brother Armstrong's personal battle flag and handed the captured flag to one of Armstrong's aides while declaring, \"Armstrong, the damned rebels shot me, but I've got my flag. \" Custer turned his horse to rejoin the battle, but Armstrong (who had only seconds before seen another of his aides be shot in the face and fall from his horse dead) ordered Custer to report to the surgeon. Tom ignored the order and his brother placed him under arrest, ordering him to the rear under guard. Until 1948, official references for the date of actions for which Thomas Custer was awarded the Medal of Honor were listed as April 2 and 6, 1865. However, that year a U.S. Army book on Medal of Honor citations listed the dates as May 11, 1863, and April 6, 1865. Consolidated lists of all Medal of Honor citations were published by the U.S. Senate in 1963, 1973, and 1979 with the incorrect first date of May 11, 1863; and in 1963 and 1973 with the correct second date of April 6, 1865. The 1979 edition published the second date as April, 1865, and this would seem to be why the online Army Medal of Honor citations at United States Army Center of Military History has two incorrect dates. The Civil War Army recipient who follows Thomas Custer alphabetically is Byron Cutcheon, whose date of action was May 10, 1863.", "Harrison H. Wheeler Harrison H. Wheeler (March 22, 1839 \u2013 July 28, 1896) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. Wheeler was born at Farmers Creek in Lapeer County, Michigan and attended the common schools. He taught school until 1861 and the outbreak of the Civil War. He enlisted in the Union Army, November 1, 1861, as a private in Company C, Tenth Regiment, Michigan Volunteer Infantry. He was promoted to second lieutenant in June 1862, then first lieutenant of Company E in the same regiment, in April 1863. He was captain of Company F in the same regiment in April 1865. At the close of the war, he settled in Bay City, Michigan. Wheeler was elected clerk of Bay County in 1866. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1868, and commenced practice in Bay City. He was a member of the Michigan Senate (27th District) from 1871 to 1872. He moved to Ludington the following year and again served in the state Senate (24th District) from 1873 to 1874. He was appointed circuit judge in 1874 and later elected to the office only to resign in June 1878. He was appointed postmaster April 16, 1878, and served until his successor was appointed on April 26, 1882. He resumed the practice of law in Ludington. In 1890, was elected as a Democrat from Michigan's 9th congressional district to the 52nd United States Congress, defeating incumbent Republican Byron M. Cutcheon. Wheeler served from March 4, 1891 to March 3, 1893. He was defeated in 1892 by Republican John W. Moon. Harrison H. Wheeler was appointed United States pension agent at Detroit on February 8, 1894, and served until his death. He died at Farmers Creek, near Lapeer and is interred in Lakeview Cemetery of Ludington. Retrieved on 2008-02-14", "Abr\u0131x Abr\u0131x is a village and municipality in the Qabala Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 620.", "The Mormons assumed that Captain McBlair knew about the plot beforehand. Others accused him of being in on it. On July 5, a large mob from Michigan landed on Beaver Island and forcibly removed nearly 3,000 inhabitants with small steam boats. Many people were robbed first in what Byron M. Cutcheon later called \"the most disgraceful day in Michigan history\". The Mormons were taken to Voree, where some of them stayed while most others dispersed across the country. Beaver Island was later reoccupied by Irish Americans, who established a colony that flourished in the 1860s and 1870s. During the American Civil War, USS \"Michigan\" kept up with her yearly patrol against smugglers and other criminals. At that time the gunboat was still the only American warship in those waters, other than six revenue cutters, which were largely ineffective in their operations against crime. Because the Civil War had such a high mortality rate, the government enforced a military draft. There were draft riots by working-class men who resented being sent to war when wealthier men could buy their way out. The most notable one was in New York City, where largely ethnic Irish attacked African Americans as the scapegoats for their anger. A race riot took place in Detroit in 1863, also about labor and economic competition issues at bottom, and another in Buffalo, New York. The USS \"Michigan\" spent much of the war patrolling back and forth between those urban areas. By 1863 Johnson's Island in Lake Erie was used as a prisoner of war camp for Confederates. The Southern government knew of the camp. In 1863 Lieutenant William Henry Murdaugh of the Confederate States Navy suggested to President Jefferson Davis a plan to gain control of the lakes by capturing the \"Michigan\". Ultimately Murdaugh's plan was never implemented.", "Omena, Michigan Omena is a small unincorporated community in Leelanau Township of Leelanau County in the U.S. state of Michigan. Overlooking Omena Bay, on the western side of Grand Traverse Bay, Omena is home to wineries and farms including a thriving organic farming movement that includes cherries and hops. The area has several wineries featuring some of the region's cherry and grape crop, for which the Grand Traverse and Leelanau areas are known. The nearest substantial city is Traverse City, a (25) minute drive. In 1852, the Rev. Peter Daugherty relocated an Indian mission from Old Mission on the Old Mission Peninsula across the western arm of the Grand Traverse Bay to what was at first called \"New Mission\". He (built) a small Presbyterian church there as the nucleus of the community. The church continues an active schedule of services during the summer months. It was a stop on the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad and was regarded as a summer resort area. Among others, Benjamin Grierson, a U.S. Civil War general had a summer home in Omena, as did (General Byron Cutcheon). The principal businesses in Omena include the Tamarack (Art) Gallery, the Leelanau Wine Cellars tasting room, Knot Just A Bar restaurant and the Omena Bay Country Store. Other buildings include a US Post Office and the (Putnam-Cloud Tower House) Museum and (home of Omena Historical Society). The Omena Traverse Yacht Club forms a center of seasonal social life in Omena. Occasional social gatherings and sailing races take place at the club during the summer. The club has operated a summer youth camp, where children learn tennis and sailing. In July 2018, a cat named Sweet Tart won the office of mayor."], "answer": {"text": "raised a company for the Twentieth Regiment, Michigan Infantry who mustered him into service as a Second Lieutenant.", "answer_start": 109}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e5c48d1b07a7436b8e330e9aa7e98f2e_1_q#1", "question": "What else did he do in the war?", "rewrite": "Other than raising a company for the Twentieth Regiment, what else did Byron M. Cutcheon do in the war?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He resigned his school post to enlist in the Union Army following the outbreak of the American Civil War and raised a company for the Twentieth Regiment, Michigan Infantry who mustered him into service as a Second Lieutenant. On July 29, 1862, he was made captain of his company and on October 14, 1862, he was made major of the Twentieth Regiment. On November 16, 1863, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel, and by order of the U.S. War Department, he was made colonel on November 21, 1863. He was transferred and made Colonel of the Twenty-seventh Michigan Infantry, November 12, 1864. He was mustered into the United States service as colonel, December 19, 1864, and was brevetted colonel of U. S. Volunteers, August 18, 1864, for gallant services at the battles of the Wilderness and Spottsylvania Court House. During his service in the American Civil War he was in the battles of Fredericksburg, Virginia; Horseshoe Bend, Kentucky; the Siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi; the Assault on Jackson, Mississippi; the battles of Blue Springs, Tennessee; London, Tennessee; Campbell's Station, Tennessee; the Siege of Knoxville, Tennessee; the Assault on Fort Saunders, at Knoxville; Thurley's Ford, Tennessee; Strawberry Plains, Tennessee; Chuckey Bend; Wilderness (for actions during which he would later be awarded the Medal of Honor); Ny River; Spottsylvania Court House (in which he was wounded, while leading a charge of the Twentieth Michigan and Fifty-first Pennsylvania). He remained at the hospital about two months. For gallant conduct on this occasion he received a commission as brevet colonel.", "Harrison H. Wheeler Harrison H. Wheeler (March 22, 1839 \u2013 July 28, 1896) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. Wheeler was born at Farmers Creek in Lapeer County, Michigan and attended the common schools. He taught school until 1861 and the outbreak of the Civil War. He enlisted in the Union Army, November 1, 1861, as a private in Company C, Tenth Regiment, Michigan Volunteer Infantry. He was promoted to second lieutenant in June 1862, then first lieutenant of Company E in the same regiment, in April 1863. He was captain of Company F in the same regiment in April 1865. At the close of the war, he settled in Bay City, Michigan. Wheeler was elected clerk of Bay County in 1866. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1868, and commenced practice in Bay City. He was a member of the Michigan Senate (27th District) from 1871 to 1872. He moved to Ludington the following year and again served in the state Senate (24th District) from 1873 to 1874. He was appointed circuit judge in 1874 and later elected to the office only to resign in June 1878. He was appointed postmaster April 16, 1878, and served until his successor was appointed on April 26, 1882. He resumed the practice of law in Ludington. In 1890, was elected as a Democrat from Michigan's 9th congressional district to the 52nd United States Congress, defeating incumbent Republican Byron M. Cutcheon. Wheeler served from March 4, 1891 to March 3, 1893. He was defeated in 1892 by Republican John W. Moon. Harrison H. Wheeler was appointed United States pension agent at Detroit on February 8, 1894, and served until his death. He died at Farmers Creek, near Lapeer and is interred in Lakeview Cemetery of Ludington. Retrieved on 2008-02-14", "He enlisted in the Massachusetts militia in the spring of 1861, when the president first called for volunteers following the firing on Fort Sumter, but returned briefly to Harvard College to participate in commencement exercises. In the summer of 1861 with his father's help he obtained a lieutenant's commission in the Twentieth Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. Holmes's early life was described in detail by Mark DeWolfe Howe, \"Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes \u2013 The Shaping Years, 1841\u20131870\" (1957). During his senior year of college, at the outset of the American Civil War, Holmes enlisted in the fourth battalion, Massachusetts militia, then received a commission as first lieutenant in the Twentieth Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. He saw much action, taking part in the Peninsula Campaign, the Battle of Fredricksburg and the Wilderness, suffering wounds at the Battle of Ball's Bluff, Antietam, and Chancellorsville, and suffered from a near-fatal case of dysentery. He particularly admired and was close to Henry Livermore Abbott, a fellow officer in the 20th Massachusetts. Holmes rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel, but eschewed promotion in his regiment and served on the staff of the VI Corps during the Wilderness Campaign. Abbott took command of the regiment in his place, and was later killed. Holmes is said to have shouted to Abraham Lincoln to take cover during the Battle of Fort Stevens, although this is commonly regarded as apocryphal. Holmes himself expressed uncertainty about who had warned Lincoln (\"Some say it was an enlisted man who shouted at Lincoln; others suggest it was General Wright who brusquely ordered Lincoln to safety. But for a certainty, the 6 foot 4 inch Lincoln, in frock coat and top hat, stood peering through field glasses from behind a parapet at the onrushing rebels. ... \") and", "Tremlett was back living with his family at 245 Shawmut Avenue, clearly in the prime of his life with a bright future, but a monstrous squall was forming on the horizon. A photo of Tremlett taken in Boston by Silsbee, Case & Company portrays a man not large, but fit and trim at the waist, with dark eyes and hair and a thick handlebar moustache connecting to his sideburns. Seated in his captain's uniform, he conveys an air of dignity if not swagger, and an exposed watch chain runs to his watch, tucked into a slit pocket on the left breast. The attack on Fort Sumter occurred on April 12, 1861. On April 25, Henry joined the Massachusetts Militia, fourth battalion, at Fort Warren located on Georges Island at the entrance to Boston Harbor. There he rose to the rank of sergeant in a short time. On June 28, 1861, Massachusetts governor John A. Andrew appointed Colonel William Raymond Lee to command the Twentieth Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment. Lee, a civil engineer in private life, was a classmate of Jefferson Davis at West Point and a veteran of the Florida Indian wars against the Seminoles. There is apparently no genealogical link between Colonel Lee and arguably the finest general of the war, Robert E. Lee. On July 10, 1861, less than three months after his time began at Fort Warren, Tremlett enlisted in the Twentieth Massachusetts Regiment which was forming up at Readville, south of Boston. The camp at Readville was named Camp Massasoit after the great Wampanoag Grand Sachem, but the regiment was often referred to as \"The Harvard Regiment\" because many of its officers were educated at Harvard University. The Twentieth Massachusetts was organized into ten companies. Tremlett was commissioned to the rank of captain and assigned to command Company A.", "The wound was such that he was compelled to suffer the amputation of a leg, and though at first it seemed highly probable that he would recover, his enfeebled system was unable to endure the shock, and he died as above stated. Colonel Tremlett went to the war in 1861 as captain in the Twentieth regiment, from which he was promoted in August, 1862, as Major of the 39th regiment, and in July, 1864, received the commission of Lieutenant Colonel. Col. Tremlett was a brave and efficient officer and earned an excellent reputation in the field. Alfred S. Roe, a member of the Thirty-Ninth Massachusetts, wrote in the roster section of his regimental history: Henry M. Tremlett, from Major July 13, 1864; absent at the time on detached service in Boston Harbor he did not rejoin the Regiment until October following; wd. March 31, 65, at Gravelly Run, he died of wounds at his home in Boston, June 6 following, the very day of the return of the Thirty-ninth. The six weeks immediately following the battle were spent in the hospital at City Point; thence he returned to Boston, getting there May 9, apparently on the road to recovery, but the setting in of intermittent fever proved to be too great a trial of his strength; his body was buried in Forest Hills Cemetery. Of him a writer in a Boston paper wrote at the time: His standard of manliness was one of noble action rather than of puling pretension, and his whole life showed him to be a loving son, a dear brother, a kind and generous companion, a devoted friend and a truly loyal man, willing. Henry also received an eloquent tribute from Adjutant General George Schouler: The arrival home was saddened to the regiment by the death, immediately after, of its colonel, Henry M. Tremlett."], "answer": {"text": "On July 29, 1862, he was made captain of his company and on October 14, 1862, he was made major of the Twentieth Regiment.", "answer_start": 226}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What role did Byron M. Cutcheon play in the civil war?", "answer": {"text": "raised a company for the Twentieth Regiment, Michigan Infantry who mustered him into service as a Second Lieutenant.", "answer_start": 109, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5c48d1b07a7436b8e330e9aa7e98f2e_1_q#2", "question": "What battles was he in?", "rewrite": "What battles was Byron M. Cutcheon in during the Civil War?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["it would have likely struck a major vessel and have caused him to bleed to death.) Having captured the flag Custer held it aloft and rode back to the Union column. An officer of the Third New Jersey cavalry, seeing Custer ride back with the banner flapping, tried to warn him that he might be shot by his own side: \"For God's sake, Tom, furl that flag or they'll fire on you!\" Custer ignored him and kept riding towards his brother Armstrong's personal battle flag and handed the captured flag to one of Armstrong's aides while declaring, \"Armstrong, the damned rebels shot me, but I've got my flag. \" Custer turned his horse to rejoin the battle, but Armstrong (who had only seconds before seen another of his aides be shot in the face and fall from his horse dead) ordered Custer to report to the surgeon. Tom ignored the order and his brother placed him under arrest, ordering him to the rear under guard. Until 1948, official references for the date of actions for which Thomas Custer was awarded the Medal of Honor were listed as April 2 and 6, 1865. However, that year a U.S. Army book on Medal of Honor citations listed the dates as May 11, 1863, and April 6, 1865. Consolidated lists of all Medal of Honor citations were published by the U.S. Senate in 1963, 1973, and 1979 with the incorrect first date of May 11, 1863; and in 1963 and 1973 with the correct second date of April 6, 1865. The 1979 edition published the second date as April, 1865, and this would seem to be why the online Army Medal of Honor citations at United States Army Center of Military History has two incorrect dates. The Civil War Army recipient who follows Thomas Custer alphabetically is Byron Cutcheon, whose date of action was May 10, 1863.", "The Mormons assumed that Captain McBlair knew about the plot beforehand. Others accused him of being in on it. On July 5, a large mob from Michigan landed on Beaver Island and forcibly removed nearly 3,000 inhabitants with small steam boats. Many people were robbed first in what Byron M. Cutcheon later called \"the most disgraceful day in Michigan history\". The Mormons were taken to Voree, where some of them stayed while most others dispersed across the country. Beaver Island was later reoccupied by Irish Americans, who established a colony that flourished in the 1860s and 1870s. During the American Civil War, USS \"Michigan\" kept up with her yearly patrol against smugglers and other criminals. At that time the gunboat was still the only American warship in those waters, other than six revenue cutters, which were largely ineffective in their operations against crime. Because the Civil War had such a high mortality rate, the government enforced a military draft. There were draft riots by working-class men who resented being sent to war when wealthier men could buy their way out. The most notable one was in New York City, where largely ethnic Irish attacked African Americans as the scapegoats for their anger. A race riot took place in Detroit in 1863, also about labor and economic competition issues at bottom, and another in Buffalo, New York. The USS \"Michigan\" spent much of the war patrolling back and forth between those urban areas. By 1863 Johnson's Island in Lake Erie was used as a prisoner of war camp for Confederates. The Southern government knew of the camp. In 1863 Lieutenant William Henry Murdaugh of the Confederate States Navy suggested to President Jefferson Davis a plan to gain control of the lakes by capturing the \"Michigan\". Ultimately Murdaugh's plan was never implemented.", "John Byron, 1st Baron Byron John Byron, 1st Baron Byron KB (1599, Newstead, Nottinghamshire \u2013 23 August 1652, Paris) was an English nobleman, Royalist, politician, peer, knight, and supporter of Charles I during the English Civil War. Byron was the son of Sir John Byron of Newstead Abbey, Nottinghamshire, and Anne Molyneux. His grandfather, another Sir John Byron, had represented Nottinghamshire in Parliamant. The future first baron was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. He succeeded his father when the latter died 28 September 1625. He was elected as MP for Nottingham in 1624 and 1626. He was knighted (KB) in 1626 and was then elected as knight of the shire (MP) for Nottinghamshire in 1628. He also served as High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire for 1634 and then as Lieutenant of the Tower of London, from December 1641 to February 1642. When the Civil War started, he joined the king at York. He was engaged on the Royalists' cause throughout the Civil Wars and afterwards. After Byron distinguished himself at the First Battle of Newbury King Charles created him Baron Byron in October 1643 and made him commander of the Royalist forces in Lancashire and Cheshire. However he was defeated at the Battle of Nantwich in 1644 and forced to withdraw to Chester. He then marched with Prince Rupert\u2019s forces into Yorkshire and commanded the royalist right flank at the Battle of Marston Moor in July 1644, but after his troops were routed by numerically superior parliamentarian forces he retreated to Carnarvon and resigned his command. He did, however, defend Carnarvon Castle ably for the Royalist cause, withstanding long sieges before finally surrendering it to Parliamentary forces in 1646. Lord Byron died in 1652, childless, in exile in Paris, and was succeeded by his next eldest brother Richard Byron, 2nd Baron Byron (born 1606).", "Omena, Michigan Omena is a small unincorporated community in Leelanau Township of Leelanau County in the U.S. state of Michigan. Overlooking Omena Bay, on the western side of Grand Traverse Bay, Omena is home to wineries and farms including a thriving organic farming movement that includes cherries and hops. The area has several wineries featuring some of the region's cherry and grape crop, for which the Grand Traverse and Leelanau areas are known. The nearest substantial city is Traverse City, a (25) minute drive. In 1852, the Rev. Peter Daugherty relocated an Indian mission from Old Mission on the Old Mission Peninsula across the western arm of the Grand Traverse Bay to what was at first called \"New Mission\". He (built) a small Presbyterian church there as the nucleus of the community. The church continues an active schedule of services during the summer months. It was a stop on the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad and was regarded as a summer resort area. Among others, Benjamin Grierson, a U.S. Civil War general had a summer home in Omena, as did (General Byron Cutcheon). The principal businesses in Omena include the Tamarack (Art) Gallery, the Leelanau Wine Cellars tasting room, Knot Just A Bar restaurant and the Omena Bay Country Store. Other buildings include a US Post Office and the (Putnam-Cloud Tower House) Museum and (home of Omena Historical Society). The Omena Traverse Yacht Club forms a center of seasonal social life in Omena. Occasional social gatherings and sailing races take place at the club during the summer. The club has operated a summer youth camp, where children learn tennis and sailing. In July 2018, a cat named Sweet Tart won the office of mayor.", "Harrison H. Wheeler Harrison H. Wheeler (March 22, 1839 \u2013 July 28, 1896) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. Wheeler was born at Farmers Creek in Lapeer County, Michigan and attended the common schools. He taught school until 1861 and the outbreak of the Civil War. He enlisted in the Union Army, November 1, 1861, as a private in Company C, Tenth Regiment, Michigan Volunteer Infantry. He was promoted to second lieutenant in June 1862, then first lieutenant of Company E in the same regiment, in April 1863. He was captain of Company F in the same regiment in April 1865. At the close of the war, he settled in Bay City, Michigan. Wheeler was elected clerk of Bay County in 1866. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1868, and commenced practice in Bay City. He was a member of the Michigan Senate (27th District) from 1871 to 1872. He moved to Ludington the following year and again served in the state Senate (24th District) from 1873 to 1874. He was appointed circuit judge in 1874 and later elected to the office only to resign in June 1878. He was appointed postmaster April 16, 1878, and served until his successor was appointed on April 26, 1882. He resumed the practice of law in Ludington. In 1890, was elected as a Democrat from Michigan's 9th congressional district to the 52nd United States Congress, defeating incumbent Republican Byron M. Cutcheon. Wheeler served from March 4, 1891 to March 3, 1893. He was defeated in 1892 by Republican John W. Moon. Harrison H. Wheeler was appointed United States pension agent at Detroit on February 8, 1894, and served until his death. He died at Farmers Creek, near Lapeer and is interred in Lakeview Cemetery of Ludington. Retrieved on 2008-02-14"], "answer": {"text": "battles of Fredericksburg, Virginia; Horseshoe Bend, Kentucky; the Siege of Vicksburg,", "answer_start": 875}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What role did Byron M. Cutcheon play in the civil war?", "answer": {"text": "raised a company for the Twentieth Regiment, Michigan Infantry who mustered him into service as a Second Lieutenant.", "answer_start": 109, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do in the war?", "answer": {"text": "On July 29, 1862, he was made captain of his company and on October 14, 1862, he was made major of the Twentieth Regiment.", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5c48d1b07a7436b8e330e9aa7e98f2e_1_q#3", "question": "What other battles did he fight in?", "rewrite": "Other than the battles of Fredericksburg, Virginia; Horseshoe Bend, Kentucky and the Siege of Vicksburg, what battles did Byron M. Cutcheon fight in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1832) The Battle of Horseshoe Bend, also referred to as the Battle of Pecatonica and the Battle of Bloody Lake, was fought on June 16, 1832 in present-day Wisconsin at an oxbow lake known as \"Horseshoe Bend\", which was formed by a change in course of the Pecatonica River. The battle was a major turning point in the Black Hawk War, despite being of only minor military significance. The small victory won by the U.S. militia at Horseshoe Bend helped restore public confidence in the volunteer force following an embarrassing defeat at Stillman's Run. The Battle of Horseshoe Bend ended with three militia men killed in action and a party of eleven Kickapoo warriors dead. The militia men involved in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend proved their ability to obey orders, act as a disciplined unit, and show bravery. Unlike at Stillman's Run, the troops waited for Colonel Henry Dodge's commands before acting on the field of battle. When ordered to charge, the men obeyed and eventually won a fight that descended into a bloody hand-to-hand battle. A memorial marker was erected to commemorate the battle in 1922. Today the battleground at Horseshoe Bend is a county park. As a consequence of an 1804 treaty between Governor William Henry Harrison of Indiana Territory and a group of Sauk and Fox leaders regarding land settlement, the Sauk and Fox tribes vacated their lands in Illinois and moved west of the Mississippi in 1828. However, Sauk Chief Black Hawk and others disputed the treaty, claiming that the full tribal councils had not been consulted, nor did those representing the tribes have authorization to cede lands. Angered by the loss of his birthplace, between 1830 and 1831 Black Hawk led a number of incursions across the Mississippi River, but was persuaded to return west each time without bloodshed.", "The Hoh River continues flowing west, collecting numerous tributary streams, the most important being the South Fork Hoh River, which joins the main Hoh at about river mile 31. About a mile below the South Fork confluence the Hoh River leaves Olympic National Park. It continues to flow west through a widening valley surrounded by low mountains and foothills. Ranches occupy parts of the valley and land ownership is generally private. Owl Creek and Maple Creek join from the south. The Hoh makes a small northward bend, skirting the edge of, and briefly entering Olympic National Forest. Elk Creek joins from the south, then Alder Creek from the north, then Winfield Creek from the south, after which the Hoh River flows through a large horseshoe bend located at about river mile 15. Hell Roaring Creek joins the horseshoe bend from the north. Three campgrounds are sited along the river upstream from the horseshoe bend, including Minnie Peterson, Willoughby Creek, and Hoh Oxbow. All three are managed by Washington State Department of Natural Resources (DNR). Hoh Ox Bow Campground is located just west of the horseshoe bend near where U.S. Highway 101 crosses the river. Highway 101 follows the river on the south side. The small Oil City Road follows the Hoh River on the north side to the river's mouth. Cottonwood Campground, another DNR site, is on the north side of the Hoh River, accessed by Oil City Road. Below the horseshoe bend the Hoh River begins to meander widely through a broad and flat floodplain. In its final miles the Hoh River collects the tributaries Fletcher Creek and Fossil Creek. Highway 101 leaves the river and heads south. About two miles from its mouth the Hoh River becomes the boundary between the Hoh Indian Reservation, on the south, and the coastal part of Olympic National Park on the north.", "He resigned his school post to enlist in the Union Army following the outbreak of the American Civil War and raised a company for the Twentieth Regiment, Michigan Infantry who mustered him into service as a Second Lieutenant. On July 29, 1862, he was made captain of his company and on October 14, 1862, he was made major of the Twentieth Regiment. On November 16, 1863, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel, and by order of the U.S. War Department, he was made colonel on November 21, 1863. He was transferred and made Colonel of the Twenty-seventh Michigan Infantry, November 12, 1864. He was mustered into the United States service as colonel, December 19, 1864, and was brevetted colonel of U. S. Volunteers, August 18, 1864, for gallant services at the battles of the Wilderness and Spottsylvania Court House. During his service in the American Civil War he was in the battles of Fredericksburg, Virginia; Horseshoe Bend, Kentucky; the Siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi; the Assault on Jackson, Mississippi; the battles of Blue Springs, Tennessee; London, Tennessee; Campbell's Station, Tennessee; the Siege of Knoxville, Tennessee; the Assault on Fort Saunders, at Knoxville; Thurley's Ford, Tennessee; Strawberry Plains, Tennessee; Chuckey Bend; Wilderness (for actions during which he would later be awarded the Medal of Honor); Ny River; Spottsylvania Court House (in which he was wounded, while leading a charge of the Twentieth Michigan and Fifty-first Pennsylvania). He remained at the hospital about two months. For gallant conduct on this occasion he received a commission as brevet colonel.", "Horseshoe Bend, Idaho Horseshoe Bend is the largest city in rural Boise County, in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Idaho. Its population of 707 at the 2010 census was the largest in the county, though down from 770 in 2000. It is part of the Boise City\u2013Nampa, Idaho Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is named for its location at the horseshoe-shaped U-turn of the Payette River, whose flow direction changes from south to north before heading west to the Black Canyon Reservoir. The area was originally settled as a gold miners' staging area, as prospectors waited along the river for snows to thaw at the higher elevations. Gold had been discovered in 1862 in the Boise Basin mountains to the east, near Idaho City. The settlement became known as Warrinersville, after a local sawmill operator. The name was changed to Horseshoe Bend in 1867, and after the gold rush quieted, the city became a prosperous ranching and logging community. The railroad, from Emmett up to Long Valley following the Payette River (its North Fork above Banks), was completed in 1913. In 1998 the city's primary employer, Boise Cascade, closed its sawmill on September 30. Horseshoe Bend has attempted to become the county seat of Boise County, replacing historic Idaho City. Horseshoe Bend sits along State Highway 55, the primary north-south route out of Boise, to the south and accessed over the Spring Valley summit, a.k.a. \" Horseshoe Bend Hill. \" Highway 55 was designated the \"Payette River Scenic Byway\" in 1977. The new multi-lane grade was completed in fall 1991; the old curvier road is to the west, long plagued by landslides and closures.", "Horseshoe Bend, California Horseshoe Bend is a mining ghost town of the California Gold Rush, formerly on the Merced River in Mariposa County, California It was originally a placer and hydraulic gold mining camp in the Sierra Nevada foothills. Horseshoe Bend was about three miles southwest of Coulterville, California at it peak this mining camp had 400 residences. Its site is now submerged under the waters of Lake McClure reservoir. Horseshoe Bend was covered in 1926 with the completion of the Exchequer Dam. In honor of the mining camp there is on Lake McClure a Horseshoe Bend campground. John Muir studied the area of Horseshoe Bend and wrote about the Adenostoma fasciculatum plant, a flowering plant, type of chaparral."], "answer": {"text": "the battles of Blue Springs, Tennessee; London, Tennessee; Campbell's Station, Tennessee;", "answer_start": 1012}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What role did Byron M. Cutcheon play in the civil war?", "answer": {"text": "raised a company for the Twentieth Regiment, Michigan Infantry who mustered him into service as a Second Lieutenant.", "answer_start": 109, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do in the war?", "answer": {"text": "On July 29, 1862, he was made captain of his company and on October 14, 1862, he was made major of the Twentieth Regiment.", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What battles was he in?", "answer": {"text": "battles of Fredericksburg, Virginia; Horseshoe Bend, Kentucky; the Siege of Vicksburg,", "answer_start": 875, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a73cff983f8c456f837713c7579977e6_0_q#0", "question": "what did Esther do in her later years?", "rewrite": "what did Esther do in her later years?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kate becomes suspicious when Esther expresses far more knowledge of sex than expected of a child her age, but John tells her not to worry about it. Soon, Esther demonstrates hostile behavior, killing an injured pigeon and injuring a classmate at the park, furthering Kate\u2019s mistrust. After Sister Abigail, the head of the orphanage, warns Kate of bad things happening when Esther is around, Esther kills the nun with a hammer and pushes her body into a ditch, hiding the evidence in Daniel's treehouse. She catches Daniel spying on her, interrogates him, and threatens to kill him if he mentions anything to his parents. Kate becomes further convinced that something is wrong with Esther, but John does not believe her. When John suggests that Esther could do something nice for Kate, she intentionally brings her a bouquet of flowers from Jessica's grave, angering Kate and causing her to grab Esther's arm. Later that night, Esther purposely breaks her arm and blames Kate. The next day, Esther releases the brake in the car, causing it to roll into oncoming traffic with Max inside. When Esther points out the wine bottle she found in the kitchen, John decides to take some time away from Kate, taking the children before demanding a divorce. Kate later discovers that Esther came from an Estonian mental hospital and the orphanage Esther claims she was from has no records of her. When Daniel learns about Sister Abigail's death from Max and searches the treehouse, Esther sets it on fire, causing Daniel to fall and be knocked unconscious. Esther attempts to kill him but is stopped by Max. While Daniel is in the hospital, Esther smothers him with a pillow but he is revived. Realizing what Esther did, Kate attacks her but is restrained and sedated. That night, Esther attempts to seduce a drunk John, who realizes that Kate was right.", "Esther (given name) Esther () is a feminine given name known from the Jewish queen Esther, eponymous heroine of the \"Book of Esther\". According to the Hebrew Bible, queen Esther was born with the name Hadassah (\"Myrtle\"). Her name was changed to Esther to hide her identity upon becoming queen of Persia. The three letter root of Esther in Hebrew is \"s-t-r\" (), \"hide, conceal\". The passive infinitive is (), \"to be hidden\" . The name can be derived from the Old Persian \"st\u0101ra\" (NPer. \" set\u0101ra\", meaning \"star\") although some scholars identify Esther with the name of the Babylonian goddess of love \"Ishtar\". Esther first occurs as a given name in Europe and the British Isles at the time of the Reformation prior to which the occurrence of Biblical names \u2013 unless borne by saints \u2013 was unusual. The modified form Hester has seemingly co-existed with the original Esther throughout the name's usage in the English-speaking world, where despite a theoretic slight pronunciative difference Esther and Hester were long largely \u2013 perhaps totally \u2013 interchangeable, with it being routine for a woman cited as Esther in one document to be elsewhere documented as Hester. One specific example of this is Esther Johnson, the \"Stella\" of Jonathan Swift, whose baptismal record identifies her as Hester but who always signed herself Esther. Similarly Swift wrote letters to his \"Vanessa\": Esther Vanhomrigh, in which Swift sometimes wrote her first name in the respective address as Esther and sometimes as Hester. The commonality usage of Esther and Hester had essentially been phased out by 1900 with Esther retaining a high usage profile especially in North America whereas the usage of Hester has shown a progressive decline.", "The two are shown having sex and is revealed that the attacker is Anika Bar\u00f6n, Esther's lover who has performed the attack at Esther's request. Anika jealously inquires about Melanie, but Esther dismisses her. Later, Esther invites Melanie to her home. Esther asks about Melanie's family and she sticks to her drunk-driver story. Esther says that she loved being pregnant because it made people pay attention to her, but that she never wanted to be a mother. She kisses Melanie, claiming that Melanie is the only person who understands her. Melanie rejects Esther, who reveals that she knows Peyton is alive. Melanie slaps Esther and demands that Esther never contact her again. Esther takes Anika's truck and goes to Melanie's house. Sneaking in with a crowbar, Esther finds her husband Patrick is also alive. She evades Melanie and Patrick, finding Peyton in the bathroom and drowning him. Melanie enters and discovers his body. Distraught, she is startled by Esther and asks why she killed him. Esther claims that Melanie wanted him dead, and that they can now be together. Patrick returns with a shotgun and kills Esther. Days pass and the Michaels grieve. She meets her friends for lunch, picks up Peyton's things from his school, and contacts a newspaper about her child's murder. Later, she breaks into Esther's house to retrieve the card with her number on it, where she observes Anika masturbating on Esther's bed. Patrick, however, seems unhinged. He is disgusted when Melanie suggests they can have another child and fantasizes about having left Esther alive so he could torture her. After noticing Anika's truck and the fact that it has not moved since the murder, he enters it and finds the registration.", "Esther changes her scene and gives Tilly a heartfelt speech then kiss Tilly and Holly go away for the weekend, they are accompanied by Jade who wants revenge on Esther. Her boyfriend's liver was given to Esther after he had died and Jade was convinced Esther didn't deserve it so took her hostage and tried to cut the liver out. Callum tried to rescue Esther but was fatally stabbed through the back by Jade. Jade was killed and Esther and Tilly returned to Hollyoaks. Esther and Tilly break up after Ruby has a heart attack at New Year because Tilly is in love with Chloe and Tilly leaves Hollyoaks with her,devastating Esther. Esther supported the Osbornes when it was revealed Sienna has kidnapped Tom and Esther seemed to be the only one to believe Nancy. During her exams in the spring/summer of 2014, she takes photos of the exam papers, but Nancy believes Robbie Roscoe (Charlie Wernham) and Esther lets him take the blame, but then admits it. In September Esther finds \u00a350 000 in cash in a bin, which was placed there accidentally by Nana McQueen. The cash was meant to be used by Grace Black and Trevor Royle to pay off Big Bob. However Esther decides to take the money and with the guidance off George and Frankie she invests the money into College Coffee, rebranding it; 'Esther's Magic Bean'. Esther soon discovers the money belongs to Grace and is left worried, when Grace forgets her change at the coffee shop Esther goes to the club to give it her, accidentally stumbling across Big Bob. This leads to him to mistake Esther for Grace and he kidnaps her for a ransom of \u00a350 000, (the money which he was owed). Trevor receives threats off Big Bob telling him he has Grace, he is frantic until he realises it is Esther he has.", "Esther did perform at the Cotton Club, but not regularly. Esther was honored along with Josephine Hall in 1930, for representing African-Americans and the United States of America when she toured Europe. Today Baby Esther is best known as Betty Boop's black grandmother. Baby Esther's career began in the early 1920s when she won first prize in a Charleston contest in Chicago. Esther lived in the obscure \"colored\" part of Chicago with her mother and father. She was then only 4. Russian-American theatrical manager Lou Bolton saw her performance and got her engagements in Chicago, New York, Detroit, Toronto and other cities, after which he brought her to Europe. Esther Jones was rarely called Baby Esther while performing and went by the names \"Li'l Esther\" and \"Little Esther\". Originally she was billed \"Farina's Kid Sister\", but was later known as the \"Miniature Florence Mills\". Esther started her career impersonating Florence Mills. Lou Bolton, who was Esther Jones' ex-manager, used Farina's fame to promote Esther in her earlier career. In 1926, Farina, better known as Allen Hoskins, was an expert Charleston dancer, along with his sister Baby Jane. When Esther Jones debuted as Lil' Esther, she was impersonating and or copying Lil' Farina, and was even using his name. Farina was also known as \"Little Farina\" and that is where the name \"Little Esther\" originates. Before Esther left for Europe she was connected to Loew's vaudeville theatre. While touring Spain, Esther was referenced as a \"La Pandilla\" which translates to \"Little Rascal.\" In reality, this had more to do with her impersonation of Farina. Sources indicate that Esther might have appeared in a MGM \"Our Gang\" film short."], "answer": {"text": "In April 2010, Williams appeared at the first Turner Classic Movies Classic Film Festival in Hollywood, California, alongside two-time co-star Betty Garrett.", "answer_start": 1471}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a73cff983f8c456f837713c7579977e6_0_q#1", "question": "what movie did she star in with betty", "rewrite": "what movie did esther star in with betty?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Esther did perform at the Cotton Club, but not regularly. Esther was honored along with Josephine Hall in 1930, for representing African-Americans and the United States of America when she toured Europe. Today Baby Esther is best known as Betty Boop's black grandmother. Baby Esther's career began in the early 1920s when she won first prize in a Charleston contest in Chicago. Esther lived in the obscure \"colored\" part of Chicago with her mother and father. She was then only 4. Russian-American theatrical manager Lou Bolton saw her performance and got her engagements in Chicago, New York, Detroit, Toronto and other cities, after which he brought her to Europe. Esther Jones was rarely called Baby Esther while performing and went by the names \"Li'l Esther\" and \"Little Esther\". Originally she was billed \"Farina's Kid Sister\", but was later known as the \"Miniature Florence Mills\". Esther started her career impersonating Florence Mills. Lou Bolton, who was Esther Jones' ex-manager, used Farina's fame to promote Esther in her earlier career. In 1926, Farina, better known as Allen Hoskins, was an expert Charleston dancer, along with his sister Baby Jane. When Esther Jones debuted as Lil' Esther, she was impersonating and or copying Lil' Farina, and was even using his name. Farina was also known as \"Little Farina\" and that is where the name \"Little Esther\" originates. Before Esther left for Europe she was connected to Loew's vaudeville theatre. While touring Spain, Esther was referenced as a \"La Pandilla\" which translates to \"Little Rascal.\" In reality, this had more to do with her impersonation of Farina. Sources indicate that Esther might have appeared in a MGM \"Our Gang\" film short.", "Jones' manager testified that he and Kane had seen her act together in April 1928, and just a few weeks later, Kane began to \"boop\". Paramount was able to prove that Kane did not uniquely originate or have claim to the Betty Boop style of singing or look. In addition to adducing Baby Esther's performances, they showed performances by actress Clara Bow, who also had the Betty Boop style of dress and hair. Louis Bolton was brought in court to testify. Bolton told the court that he had no idea where Esther was, and he thought that she was still in Paris. After a two-year legal struggle, Max Fleischer located a sound film made in 1928 of her performing, which was introduced as evidence. Judge Edward J. McGoldrick ruled, \"The plaintiff has failed to sustain either cause of action by proof of sufficient probative force.\" In his opinion, the \"baby\" technique of singing did not originate with Kane. Jones is now spoken of mostly in the context of her contributions to Betty Boop's vocal stylings. Jazz studies scholar Robert O'Meally has referred to Jones as Betty Boop's \"black grandmother\". Images of a model, Olya, taken by Russian-based studio Retro Atelier in 2008, made up in costume and make-up as a Betty Boop look-alike are regularly mis-identified as Esther Jones. Baby Esther shares her original name and original stage name with Little Esther Phillips, who was also known as Esther Mae Jones. Both singers used the names \"Little Esther\" and \"Li'l Esther\", but Esther Phillips was of a later generation, born in 1935. An image that went viral (dubbed Baby Esther) was a white Ukrainian female model called Oyla. Older images claiming to be", "The Betty Boop Movie Mystery The Betty Boop Movie Mystery (also known as Betty Boop's Hollywood Mystery) is a 1989 animated special starring Betty Boop. The story is set in the 1930s, reflecting on the original Max Fleischer style of animation. Betty works as a waitress in a diner with her friends Bimbo the musical dog and Koko the Clown. Betty and her friends entertain the customers with a Hawaiian hula revue. The trio are seen entertaining the customers by Diner Dan who owns the diner; he gets very angry and fires Betty and her friends. While searching for a new job they bump into detective Sam Slade, who hires Betty and her pals to go undercover for him as musical detectives to keep an eye on Hollywood movie star Lola DaVille's diamond necklace. The lights go out and Lola's necklace is stolen. Betty is left holding the smoke gun, the police arrest Betty, and she is carted off to jail. Bimbo and Koko break Betty out of jail, then head over to Moolah Studios where they find out that Lola's secretary, Miss Green, was behind the robbery, and that her accomplice was the detective Sam Slade. The pursuit ends on a Busby Berkeley set, Lola DaVille receives her diamond necklace and Sam Slade and Miss Green are both arrested by the police. A singing telegram from Betty's old boss, Diner Dan, pleads Betty and her friends to return to the diner, to which Betty agrees. Betty then finishes the story by singing \"You don't have to be star to be star,\" and says the best place to be is with your friends.", "One of the main reasons Baby Esther is not remembered is because she was never a feature attraction in Cab Calloway's New York club; she was a background Sepia dancer, which is why Esther was only given a small tap dancing number in Justa's revue. Justa had loaned the Sepia dancers from Cab Calloway. In 1934, Esther would have been 13 years old, as she was 7 in 1928. Although with Esther, there seemed to have been a bit of age fabrication, to make her seem either younger or older than she actually was. In a few articles from 1929, it states that Esther was around 11\u201312 years of age. Esther later returned to the stage as \"The Sepia Dancing Doll\" and was dubbed the fastest colored dancer who was red hot. Misinformation spread by pseudologists lay claim that Esther died, when in reality she was still active up until September 1934. In 1934, Esther also attended a NAACP for Bill \"Bojangles\" Robinson. Robinson also taught Helena Justa and Florence Mills. According to a source, Esther later became a full-time acrobat and had later lost most of her appeal and was then succeeded by other black child stars such as Baby Hilda and Baby Selma. In 1930, Fleischer Studios animator Grim Natwick introduced a caricature of Helen Kane, in the form of an anthropomorphic singing dog with droopy ears and a squeaky singing voice, in the Talkartoons cartoon \"Dizzy Dishes\". \"Betty Boop\", as the character was later dubbed, soon became popular and the star of her own cartoons. In 1932, Betty Boop was changed into a human, the long dog ears becoming hoop earrings.", "Esther (given name) Esther () is a feminine given name known from the Jewish queen Esther, eponymous heroine of the \"Book of Esther\". According to the Hebrew Bible, queen Esther was born with the name Hadassah (\"Myrtle\"). Her name was changed to Esther to hide her identity upon becoming queen of Persia. The three letter root of Esther in Hebrew is \"s-t-r\" (), \"hide, conceal\". The passive infinitive is (), \"to be hidden\" . The name can be derived from the Old Persian \"st\u0101ra\" (NPer. \" set\u0101ra\", meaning \"star\") although some scholars identify Esther with the name of the Babylonian goddess of love \"Ishtar\". Esther first occurs as a given name in Europe and the British Isles at the time of the Reformation prior to which the occurrence of Biblical names \u2013 unless borne by saints \u2013 was unusual. The modified form Hester has seemingly co-existed with the original Esther throughout the name's usage in the English-speaking world, where despite a theoretic slight pronunciative difference Esther and Hester were long largely \u2013 perhaps totally \u2013 interchangeable, with it being routine for a woman cited as Esther in one document to be elsewhere documented as Hester. One specific example of this is Esther Johnson, the \"Stella\" of Jonathan Swift, whose baptismal record identifies her as Hester but who always signed herself Esther. Similarly Swift wrote letters to his \"Vanessa\": Esther Vanhomrigh, in which Swift sometimes wrote her first name in the respective address as Esther and sometimes as Hester. The commonality usage of Esther and Hester had essentially been phased out by 1900 with Esther retaining a high usage profile especially in North America whereas the usage of Hester has shown a progressive decline."], "answer": {"text": "Their film Neptune's Daughter (1949) was screened at the pool of the Roosevelt Hotel,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what did Esther do in her later years?", "answer": {"text": "In April 2010, Williams appeared at the first Turner Classic Movies Classic Film Festival in Hollywood, California, alongside two-time co-star Betty Garrett.", "answer_start": 1471, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a73cff983f8c456f837713c7579977e6_0_q#2", "question": "what else did she do in her later years", "rewrite": "Other than appear in Neptune's Daughter, what else did esther do in her later years", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Neptune is too dim to be visible to the naked eye: its apparent magnitude is never brighter than 7.7. Therefore, the first observations of Neptune were only possible after the invention of the telescope. There is evidence that Neptune was seen and recorded by Galileo Galilei in 1613, J\u00e9r\u00f4me Lalande in 1795 and John Herschel in 1830, but none is known to have recognized it as a planet at the time. These pre-discovery observations were important in accurately determining the orbit of Neptune. Neptune would appear prominently even in early telescopes so other pre-discovery observation records are likely. Galileo's drawings show that he observed Neptune on December 28, 1612, and again on January 27, 1613; on both occasions, Galileo mistook Neptune for a fixed star when it appeared very close (in conjunction) to Jupiter in the night sky. Historically it was thought that he believed it to be a fixed blue star, and so he is not credited with its discovery. At the time of his first observation in December 1612, it was stationary in the sky because it had just turned retrograde that very day; because it was only beginning its yearly retrograde cycle, Neptune's motion was thought to be too slight, and its apparent size too small, to clearly appear to be a planet in Galileo's small telescope. However, in July 2009 University of Melbourne physicist David Jamieson announced new evidence suggesting that Galileo was indeed aware that he had discovered something unusual about this \"star\". Galileo, in one of his notebooks, noted the movement of a background star (Neptune) on January 28 and a dot (in Neptune's position) drawn in a different ink suggests that he found it on an earlier sketch, drawn on the night of January 6, suggesting a systematic search among his earlier observations.", "Over the age of the Solar System, certain regions of the Kuiper belt became destabilised by Neptune's gravity, creating gaps in the Kuiper belt's structure. The region between 40 and 42 AU is an example. There do exist orbits within these empty regions where objects can survive for the age of the Solar System. These resonances occur when Neptune's orbital period is a precise fraction of that of the object, such as 1:2, or 3:4. If, say, an object orbits the Sun once for every two Neptune orbits, it will only complete half an orbit by the time Neptune returns to its original position. The most heavily populated resonance in the Kuiper belt, with over 200 known objects, is the 2:3 resonance. Objects in this resonance complete 2 orbits for every 3 of Neptune, and are known as plutinos because the largest of the known Kuiper belt objects, Pluto, is among them. Although Pluto crosses Neptune's orbit regularly, the 2:3 resonance ensures they can never collide. The 3:4, 3:5, 4:7 and 2:5 resonances are less populated. Neptune has a number of known trojan objects occupying both the Sun\u2013Neptune and Lagrangian points\u2014gravitationally stable regions leading and trailing Neptune in its orbit, respectively. Neptune trojans can be viewed as being in a 1:1 resonance with Neptune. Some Neptune trojans are remarkably stable in their orbits, and are likely to have formed alongside Neptune rather than being captured. The first object identified as associated with Neptune's trailing Lagrangian point was . Neptune also has a temporary quasi-satellite, . The object has been a quasi-satellite of Neptune for about 12,500 years and it will remain in that dynamical state for another 12,500 years.", "As of 2019, the named Neptune trojans are 385571 Otrera (after Otrera, the first Amazonian queen in Greek mythology) and Clete (an Amazon and the attendant to the Amazons queen Penthesilea, who led the Amazons in the Trojan war). The amount of high-inclination objects in such a small sample, in which relatively fewer high-inclination Neptune trojans are known due to observational biases, implies that high-inclination trojans may significantly outnumber low-inclination trojans. The ratio of high- to low-inclination Neptune trojans is estimated to be about 4:1. Assuming albedos of 0.05, there are an expected Neptune trojans with radii above 40 km in Neptune's . This would indicate that large Neptune trojans are 5 to 20 times more abundant than Jupiter trojans, depending on their albedos. There may be relatively fewer smaller Neptune trojans, which could be because these fragment more readily. Large trojans are estimated to be as common as large trojans. As of October 2018, 22 Neptune trojans are known, of which 19 orbit near the Sun\u2013Neptune Lagrangian point 60\u00b0 ahead of Neptune, three orbit near Neptune's region 60\u00b0 behind Neptune, and one orbits on the opposite side of Neptune () but frequently changes location relative to Neptune to L4 and L5. These are listed in the following table. It is constructed from the list of Neptune trojans maintained by the IAU Minor Planet Center and with diameters from Sheppard and Trujillo's paper on , unless otherwise noted.", "Neptune trojan Neptune trojans are bodies that orbit the Sun near one of the stable Lagrangian points of Neptune, similar to the trojans of other planets. They therefore have approximately the same orbital period as Neptune and follow roughly the same orbital path. 22 Neptune trojans are currently known, of which 19 orbit near the Sun\u2013Neptune Lagrangian point 60\u00b0 ahead of Neptune and three orbit near Neptune's region 60\u00b0 behind Neptune. The Neptune trojans are termed 'trojans' by analogy with the Jupiter trojans. The discovery of in a high-inclination (>25\u00b0) orbit was significant, because it suggested a \"thick\" cloud of trojans (Jupiter trojans have inclinations up to 40\u00b0), which is indicative of freeze-in capture instead of in situ or collisional formation. It is suspected that large (radius \u2248 100 km) Neptune trojans could outnumber Jupiter trojans by an order of magnitude. In 2010, the discovery of the first known Neptune trojan, , was announced. Neptune's trailing region is currently very difficult to observe because it is along the line-of-sight to the center of the Milky Way, an area of the sky crowded with stars. In 2001, the first Neptune trojan was discovered, , near Neptune's region, and with it the fifth known populated stable reservoir of small bodies in the Solar System. In 2005, the discovery of the high-inclination trojan has indicated that the Neptune trojans populate thick clouds, which has constrained their possible origins (see below). On August 12, 2010, the first trojan, , was announced. It was discovered by a dedicated survey that scanned regions where the light from the stars near the Galactic Center is obscured by dust clouds.", "Neptune (Marvel Comics) Neptune, also called Poseidon, is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is based on the Roman God with the same name and his Greek counterpart. Neptune is the god of the sea in the Olympian pantheon, and the patron god of Atlantis. Neptune first appeared in \"Tales to Astonish\" #70 and was adapted by Stan Lee and Gene Colan. Neptune is the son of Cronus and Rhea, and was born in Mount Olympus. Zeus and Pluto are his brothers, and Hera and Vesta are his sisters. Neptune is responsible for the evolution of \"Homo mermanus\", and is still honored by the Atlanteans, unlike many Olympians who have little or no worshippers on Earth. Two millennia ago, Neptune destroyed an Atlantean cult of worshipers of Set. He later lived among the Atlanteans for many years as their protector. In modern times, Neptune sent Namor the Sub-Mariner on a quest for his trident in order to regain the Atlantean throne, appearing before him at various points. Neptune then appeared to the Atlanteans, and decreed Namor the true ruler of Atlantis. Neptune later advised Namor of the true destiny of Atlantis. Later, Neptune healed a wounded Namor, and transformed a drowning stallion into a giant seahorse. Neptune later abducted Namor from Atlantis to Hades at the behest of Zeus, as Zeus blamed the Avengers for Hercules' bad physical condition. However, Neptune was then forbidden to return to Earth by Zeus, despite his objections due to Atlantean worship. Most recently, he, along with the other Olympians have dwelt on Earth once more following the death of Zeus."], "answer": {"text": "She continued to lend her name to a line of retro women's swimwear. \"", "answer_start": 212}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what did Esther do in her later years?", "answer": {"text": "In April 2010, Williams appeared at the first Turner Classic Movies Classic Film Festival in Hollywood, California, alongside two-time co-star Betty Garrett.", "answer_start": 1471, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what movie did she star in with betty", "answer": {"text": "Their film Neptune's Daughter (1949) was screened at the pool of the Roosevelt Hotel,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a73cff983f8c456f837713c7579977e6_0_q#5", "question": "anything else interesting about her later years", "rewrite": "In addition to starring in Neptune's Daughter, was there anything else interesting about williams' later years", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Sudden changes in the markets may also be announced throughout the game, giving the player the chance to make a quick profit. A reviewer for \"Next Generation\" focused on the lack of anything to do in the game besides bid for landing rights and choose cargo: \"No cut-throat strategy for undermining the competition's prices, no sabotage of trading routes, no space battles - not even the occasional price war.\" He recommended that players get \"much better\" business sims such as \"Transport Tycoon\" or \"Capitalism\" instead, and gave it 1 out of 5 stars. World Village (Gamer's Zone) wrote \"The plot was a little thin for my taste, but if reading the business section of the paper excites you, then this game would be a must for you. The main weakness that I see in this program is lack of originality. I see parts of Railroad Tycoon, Civilization, Sim City among others, as well as the obvious connection to Air bucks v1.2. Nothing wrong with recycling older programs, especially as hardware improvements allow the newer versions to make improvements on game performance. That is what happened with this game. Unfortunately, it has a rushed feeling and fails to capitalize on the improvements there were put in the game.\" \"Computer Gaming World\" said \"If you love to create ornate moving sculptures that generate endless money but do very little else interesting, then SPACE BUCKS will have some appeal for you. Set at its hardest level, the game offers two or three hours of challenge before your empire grows to the point that nothing can really harm it and you simply sit around absorbing planets from your competitors and doing more and more unwieldy upgrades to your entire fleet. Other than that, it is pretty to look at, but definitely no AIR BUCKS in Space.\"", "Though the two had attended the University of South Dakota at the same time, they had never met. Frantz continued to write until his death in 1993. In the 1950s, Yellow Robe appeared as a regular on NBC children's programs and was featured on Robert Montgomery Presents. In 1950, Rosebud Yellow Robe was hired by Twentieth-Century Fox to undertake a national publicity tour for the movie \"\"Broken Arrow\". \" The movie, directed by Delmer Daves, starred James Stewart as Tom Jeffords, Jeff Chandler as Cochise and Jay Silverheels as Geronimo. The film is based on historical figures but fictionalizes their story in dramatized form. \" Broken Arrow\" was nominated for three Academy Awards, and won a Golden Globe award for \"Best Film Promoting International Understanding.\" Film historians reported that the movie was one of the first major Westerns since the Second World War to portray the Indians sympathetically. Rosebud was interviewed by newspapers during the tour and explained that there were no such things as Indian princesses, and that the myth started when Pocahontas went to England and the English named her \"Lady Rebecca. \" The Americans decided that she must be royalty, so they made her \"princess. \" It's an old English rather an old Indian custom.\" Rosebud voiced complaints about the portrayals of Indians on radio, screen and television to \"a new generation of children learning the old stereotypes about whooping, warring Indians, as if there weren't anything else interesting about us.\" Rosebud Yellow Robe authored two children's books. \u201d \"An Album of the American Indian\"\u201d, published in 1969, highlights centuries of Native American history depicting the daily lives of seven different Indian tribes prior to European contact.", "\"Broken Arrow\", however, is noteworthy for being one of the first post-war Westerns to portray Native Americans in a balanced, sympathetic way \u2013 although most of the Indians were played by white actors, with Brooklyn-born Jeff Chandler portraying Apache leader Cochise. An exception was that Native Canadian Mohawk actor Jay Silverheels was noted for his role as Geronimo in the film. Some scholars have said that the film appealed to an ideal of tolerance and racial equality that would influence later Westerns and indicate Hollywood's response to the Indian's evolving role in American society. \" Chronicle of the Cinema\" praised the film: \"Based on verifiable fact, it faithfully evokes the historical relationship between Cochise and Jeffords, marking a historical rehabilitation of Indians in the cinema.\" In 1950, Rosebud Yellow Robe, a Native American folklorist, educator, and author, was hired by Twentieth-Century Fox to undertake a national tour to promote the film. Rosebud explained that there were no such things as Indian princesses, and that the myth started when Pocahontas went to England and the English named her \"Lady Rebecca\". Rosebud voiced complaints about the portrayals of Indians on radio, screen, and television to \"... a new generation of children learning the old stereotypes about whooping, warring Indians, as if there weren't anything else interesting about us.\" The Apache Wedding Prayer was written for this movie. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: \"Broken Arrow\" was dramatized as an hour-long radio play on January 22, 1951, starring Burt Lancaster and Debra Paget. It was also presented as a half-hour broadcast of \"Screen Director's Playhouse\" on September 7, 1951, with James Stewart and Jeff Chandler in their original film roles.", "Anything Else Anything Else is a 2003 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Woody Allen, produced by his sister Letty Aronson, and starring Jason Biggs, Christina Ricci, Allen, Stockard Channing, Danny DeVito, Jimmy Fallon, Erica Leerhsen and KaDee Strickland. The film was shown as the opening night selection at the 60th annual Venice International Film Festival. Jerry Falk (Biggs), an aspiring writer living in New York City, has a girlfriend, Brooke (Strickland). He falls in love with Amanda (Ricci) and has an affair with her. Brooke finds out of Jerry's infidelity and leaves him. Amanda leaves her own boyfriend for Jerry. Brooke finally figures it out and leaves Jerry. Jerry turns to ageing, struggling artist (Allen) who acts as his mentor, which includes trying to help sort out Jerry\u2019s romantic life. Dobel says that when he told a cab driver of all his anxieties and phobias in life, the cab driver told him, \"It's like anything else\". Dobel tries to convince Jerry that his manager is only holding him back and his relationship with Amanda is the most destructive force in his life. Amanda continuously cheats on Jerry. Amanda leaves and then comes back. Jerry's neuroses start to worsen. Eventually, Jerry leaves town as Dobel gets him a job writing for television in California. Amanda has an affair with the doctor who was treating her and runs off with him. He sees them together laughing as she once did with him as the cab is taking him towards the airport. Jerry talks to the cabbie of love and relationships. The cabbie simply replies, \"It's like anything else\". The film received mixed reviews from critics.", "If You Can Do Anything Else \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" is a song written by Billy Livsey and Don Schlitz, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait. It was released in February 2001 as the third and final single from his album \"George Strait\". The song reached number 5 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in July 2001. It also peaked at number 51 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song is about man who is giving his woman the option to leave him. He gives her many different options for all the things she can do. At the end he gives her the option to stay with him if she really can\u2019t find anything else to do. He says he will be alright if she leaves, but really it seems he wants her to stay. \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" debuted at number 60 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of March 3, 2001."], "answer": {"text": "In 2000 an account of Williams's life and career appeared in the Swedish book Esther Williams -- Skenbiografin (Esther Williams -- The Fake Biography)", "answer_start": 372}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what did Esther do in her later years?", "answer": {"text": "In April 2010, Williams appeared at the first Turner Classic Movies Classic Film Festival in Hollywood, California, alongside two-time co-star Betty Garrett.", "answer_start": 1471, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what movie did she star in with betty", "answer": {"text": "Their film Neptune's Daughter (1949) was screened at the pool of the Roosevelt Hotel,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what else did she do in her later years", "answer": {"text": "She continued to lend her name to a line of retro women's swimwear. \"", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how successful was the swimwear line?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what kind of fabric was used for it", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a73cff983f8c456f837713c7579977e6_0_q#6", "question": "why was it called \"the fake biography\"?", "rewrite": "why was the book Esther Williams called \"the fake biography\"?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pagan Love Song Pagan Love Song is a 1951 American romantic musical film released by MGM and starring Esther Williams and Howard Keel. Set in Tahiti, it was based on the novel \"Tahiti Landfall\" by William S. Stone. Mimi Bennett lives with her wealthy aunt Kate on the South Pacific isle of Tahiti. A half-Tahitian, half-Caucasian girl, Mimi's dream is to someday leave this world to live in America. Hazard Endicott's arrival changes her plans. He is a school teacher from Ohio who has inherited a Tahiti estate. His first task is to hire a servant and he mistakes Mimi for a native girl, offering her a job. She amuses herself by not telling him the truth. The estate turns out to be little more than a shack. Endicott also miscalculates an invitation to a party at Kate's, coming in casual island attire to an event with elegantly dressed guests. Mimi takes pity on him and a romance blooms. The film was originally announced as \"Tahiti\" and was to star Ann Miller, Howard Keel and Ricardo Montalban. Eventually Miller was replaced by Esther Williams and Montalban by Charles Mauu. The title was then changed to \"Hawaii\". The film was to have been directed by Stanley Donen but Williams refused to work with him again after \"Take Me Out to the Ballgame\". Location work was done on the Hawaiian island of Kauai. Esther Williams realised she was pregnant during the shoot. She claimed she nearly drowned during filming. The film went $400,000 over budget. \"Sea of the Moon\", performed by voice-dubbed Esther Williams, was cut from the released film; this video outtake still survives today. Howard Keel sings \"Why Is Love So Crazy?", "Esther Williams Trophy The Esther Williams Trophy is one of two trophies that have circulated among ships of various navies, after originating in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Initially, in 1943, the trophy was a joke between two friends, Lieutenants Lindsay Brand and David Stevenson (later the RAN's Chief of Naval Staff), serving in , an N-class destroyer attached to the British Eastern Fleet. Stevenson wrote on a photograph of Esther Williams, \"To my own Georgie, with all my love and a passionate kiss, Esther\"; Brand (aka \"George\") put the screen idol over his bed. The photo was taken to another ship by a fellow officer, and the \"trophy\" was then circulated by officers among some 200 other ships including in United States Navy, Royal Navy, and Royal Canadian Navy ships in Asian waters. The original photo became the \"trophy copy\" to be kept in a safe location. A \"fighting copy\" was displayed where officers from other ships could attempt to steal it or take it by force, often with a good deal of roughhousing between the officers of the ships involved; one of the more violent raids, by officers of attempting to retrieve the trophy from , resulted in three Americans and one Australian being hospitalised. After the \"fighting copy\" had been successfully removed from the custodial ship, the \"trophy copy\" would be presented to the new owners with appropriate ceremony. At various times, the holders of the trophy have either flown an Esther flag or sent naval signals (signed \"Esther\") to other nearby ships to indicate where the trophy resided. In 1946, an officer from started a tradition when he composed the \"Esther Rescued\" signal (indicating the trophy's changing of hands) in poetry. In 1957, \"Esther\" was retired by the United States Navy and sent to the RAN's Naval Historical Collection at Spectacle Island in Sydney.", "not only dumps you quite often in the drink, but also gives you some rather pleasant company to clown around with while on dry ground. As we say, there is nothing very special or spectacular about \"Dangerous When Wet,\" but it comes as relaxing entertainment at this torpid time of the year.\" A review from \"Variety\" called it \"a light mixture of tunes, comedy, water ballet and Esther Williams in a bathing suit.\" On July 17, 2007, Warner Home Video and Turner Entertainment released \"Dangerous When Wet\" on DVD as part of the Esther Williams Spotlight Collection, Volume 1. The 5-disc set contained digitally remastered versions of several of Williams's films including \"Bathing Beauty\" (1944), \"Easy to Wed\" (1946), \"On an Island with You\" (1948) and \"Neptune's Daughter\" (1949) The Tom and Jerry swim with Esther Williams sequences are also featured in several DVD and Blu-ray releases of Tom and Jerry series by Warner Home Video, including Tom and Jerry Spotlight Collection, Volume 1 (Bonus Features), (Disc 2, as a special short), & Tom and Jerry Golden Collection, Volume 2 (Disc 3, Special features).", "Duchess of Idaho Duchess of Idaho is a musical romantic comedy produced in 1950 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Directed by Robert Z. Leonard, it was the fourth film pairing Esther Williams and Van Johnson. It was filmed at the MGM Studios lot and exteriors shot in Sun Valley, Idaho. Christine Riverton Duncan (Esther Williams) attempts to play matchmaker for her lovelorn friend Ellen (Paula Raymond) by pursuing Douglas J. Morrissen, Jr. (John Lund), the man Ellen loves, all the way to Idaho. There, Christine decides to play a joke on Douglas. After boarding his train to Sun Valley, Christine wins the man's affections and then shocks him with hints that she expects a commitment. Once she's in Sun Valley, however, things become problematic when Christine falls in love with hotel bandleader Dick Layne (Van Johnson). During her time in Sun Valley, Christine wins the title of \"Duchess of Idaho\" in a dance contest. In November 1947 it was announced Esther Williams would appear in a film set in Sun Valley, \"The Duchess of Idaho\". Dorothy Cooper and Jerry Davis were assigned the script. Robert Cummings was originally mentioned as a potential male lead but the role went to Van Johnson, who had made three films with Williams before. A film unit left MGM on 21 August 1948 to shoot second unit at Sun Valley. Ricardo Montalban was announced as the third lead. Filming was pushed back when Williams fell pregnant. Then it was announced Cummings and Janet Leigh would support Williams and Johnson. These roles would be played by John Lund (borrowed from Paramount) and Paula Raymond. In her autobiography, \"Million Dollar Mermaid\", Williams called this a \"re-hash of the Esther Williams formula: the mismatched lovers plot. It was enough to give one a case of cinematic deja vu.\"", "Their film Neptune's Daughter (1949) was screened at the pool of the Roosevelt Hotel, along with a performance of the Williams-inspired synchronized swimming troupe, The Waterlilies. South Beach Miami's 2010 Mercedes Benz Fashion Week Swim, a showcase of designer swimwear, included a Williams suite, complete with a beach summer theme and sand palette with aqua accents. In 2000 an account of Williams's life and career appeared in the Swedish book Esther Williams -- Skenbiografin (Esther Williams -- The Fake Biography) written by Jane Magnusson, in which the author shares with readers her own fascination for art swimming as a genre and, here, in particular, Williams as -- to the author -- both a bewildering and mesmerizing front figure and icon in this field."], "answer": {"text": "Williams as -- to the author -- both a bewildering and mesmerizing front figure and icon in this field.", "answer_start": 664}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "what did Esther do in her later years?", "answer": {"text": "In April 2010, Williams appeared at the first Turner Classic Movies Classic Film Festival in Hollywood, California, alongside two-time co-star Betty Garrett.", "answer_start": 1471, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what movie did she star in with betty", "answer": {"text": "Their film Neptune's Daughter (1949) was screened at the pool of the Roosevelt Hotel,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what else did she do in her later years", "answer": {"text": "She continued to lend her name to a line of retro women's swimwear. \"", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how successful was the swimwear line?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what kind of fabric was used for it", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "anything else interesting about her later years", "answer": {"text": "In 2000 an account of Williams's life and career appeared in the Swedish book Esther Williams -- Skenbiografin (Esther Williams -- The Fake Biography)", "answer_start": 372, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_6bbb603348ed44218c4987b1e7aacba2_0_q#0", "question": "When was Mad Season by Rob Thomas released?", "rewrite": "When was Mad Season by Rob Thomas released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["If You're Gone \"If You're Gone\" is a song by American rock band Matchbox Twenty. The song, written by the band's frontman Rob Thomas, was released in October 2000 as the second single from their second album \"Mad Season\" (2000). It reached number 5 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, becoming the band's second best-ranking song on the chart, and also became a hit on adult contemporary radio, spending two weeks at number 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart. Rob Thomas told \"Billboard\" magazine that he wrote the song right after he met his future wife. \"We were separated for a few weeks and were on the phone all the time, and I was thinking, 'I met this wonderful person,' and I wondered if everything I was going through [with Matchbox Twenty's success] was going to make it too crazy to build a relationship.\" The music video for the song, directed by Pedro Romhanyi, is filmed completely in black and white and features only the band (along with two trumpet players and a trombone player), performing at night on the rooftop of a building in the central business district of downtown Los Angeles. Halfway through the video, Rob Thomas steps onto the edge of the roof and spreads his arms like he's going to jump. He doesn't; he turns around and goes back to where the band is playing. Near the end of the video, the sun dawns and illuminates the rooftop and surrounding buildings of the city.", "John Baker Saunders John Baker Saunders, Jr. (September 23, 1954 \u2013 January 15, 1999) was a founding member and bassist for the American grunge rock supergroup Mad Season, as well as a member of The Walkabouts. He was born on September 23, 1954 in Montgomery, Alabama to John Baker Saunders, Sr. and Charleen I. Greer. He attended North Shore Country Day School, Rye Country Day School, Fay School, New Trier High School (East), Cabrillo College and Providence College. Saunders began his career as a blues bassist, working with traditional blues artists in Chicago, such as Hubert Sumlin and Sammy Fender. He recorded and toured Europe with the Seattle-based band, The Walkabouts. Saunders also worked with The Lamont Cranston Band, in Minneapolis. In 1994, Saunders went into a Minneapolis drug rehabilitation facility, where he met Pearl Jam's Mike McCready. After completing treatment, Saunders and McCready returned to Seattle and formed a band called The Gacy Bunch, with vocalist Layne Staley of Alice in Chains and drummer Barrett Martin. They soon changed the band's name to Mad Season. Mad Season's 1995 album \"Above\" was awarded a gold record for sales in the United States. It was the only album that Mad Season would record. In 1997, when Mad Season vocalist Layne Staley left the band, the remaining members tried to revive the band by finding a new singer. Saunders had a relapse with heroin and died on January 15, 1999 from an overdose. In 2002, Mad Season vocalist Layne Staley would also die of an overdose, leaving Barrett Martin and Mike McCready as the only members of Mad Season still alive.", "Spurred by this collaboration, Martin, McCready and McKagan revisited the unreleased Mad Season material. In July 2012, Barrett Martin confirmed that Mark Lanegan would be singing several songs on a new Mad Season release. In October 2012, Barrett Martin announced a Mad Season box set, which will be released on March 12, 2013. In the interview Martin said that: Legacy Recordings released an expanded deluxe edition of \"Above\" in April 2013. A three-disc boxset comprising two CDs and one DVD, it includes the original studio album, some unreleased tracks from the band's unfinished second album with lyrics and vocals by Mark Lanegan, the band's \"Live at the Moore\" performance on April 29, 1995 on CD, DVD, and vinyl, and a previously unreleased full concert video of the band's New Year's Eve performance from the now-defunct Seattle club RKCNDY. Mad Season reunited again for a special concert titled \"Sonic Evolution\" with the Seattle Symphony Orchestra on January 30, 2015 at Benaroya Hall in Seattle. At this show, Chris Cornell filled in for Staley on vocals, and Duff McKagan filled in for Saunders on bass. The concert was recorded for the live album Mad Season & The Seattle Symphony - \"Sonic Evolution / January 30, 2015 / Benaroya Hall\" and was released August 28, 2015. The album debuted at number four on the Billboard Top Classical Crossover Albums chart. In July 2015, Barrett Martin announced on Facebook that he was recording new Mad Season material with Mike McCready and Duff McKagan. The fruits of the collaboration resulted in a project called The Levee Walkers, which released the songs \"Freedom Song\" and \"Tears for the West\" in 2016 with singer Jaz Coleman and the song \" All Things Fade Away\" in 2017 with singer Ayron Jones.", "Mad Season (song) \"Mad Season\" is a song by American rock band Matchbox Twenty It was released as the third single from their second album \"Mad Season\" on April 16, 2001. The song peaked at number 48 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 76 on the UK Singles Chart. Rob Thomas told \"Billboard\" magazine that the song took a more universal tone but was originally about \"the wild ride that the band has been on since success hit. The whole idea came from out mad season,\" he says. \"It has nothing to do with being bad, it's just crazy. There are no handbooks for any of this.\" The song's music video, directed by Phil Harder, shows the band getting off the plane, and being surrounded by screaming fans trying to grab them. They are wearing what appear to be special passes, which say \"Rock Star\" on them, around their necks. Police are there trying to keep everything under control. The band eventually makes it safely into their limousine, but then the crowd climbs all over the car, and it can't go anywhere. The police fail to keep things under control, and the fans break the windows of the limousine. When they get inside, they rip the \"Rock Star\" passes off the band members, and then they leave. This suggests that they didn't really care about the band; they just wanted the passes.", "Matchbox Twenty Matchbox Twenty (previously Matchbox 20) is an American rock band, formed in Orlando, Florida, in 1995. The group currently consists of Rob Thomas (lead vocals, guitar, keyboards), Brian Yale (bass guitar), Paul Doucette (drums, rhythm guitar, backing vocals), and Kyle Cook (lead guitar, vocals). Matchbox Twenty rose to international fame with their debut album, \"Yourself or Someone Like You\" (1996), which was certified 12\u00d7 Platinum (diamond) in the United States and multi-platinum in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Their second album, \"Mad Season\", released in 2000, charted in the top three on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified 4\u00d7 Platinum in the United States. Their third album, \"More Than You Think You Are\", released in 2002, was only certified 2\u00d7 Platinum in the United States, despite its singles receiving significant airplay. The band then went on hiatus in 2004 after rhythm guitarist Adam Gaynor's departure. As a result, Paul Doucette took over rhythm guitar when the band reunited in 2007. They released a compilation album, \"Exile on Mainstream\", which was certified Gold in the United States. After the release, the band toured to support it. Matchbox Twenty then took another hiatus while Rob Thomas embarked on a successful solo career but reunited again in 2010. On September 4, 2012, the band released their fourth studio album, \"North\", which debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200. Rob Thomas, Brian Yale, and Paul Doucette were part of the band Tabitha's Secret, which was based in Orlando, Florida, with fellow members Jay Stanley and John Goff, before splitting to start a new band (what was to become Matchbox Twenty)."], "answer": {"text": "They renamed themselves Matchbox Twenty and, in March 2000, released Mad Season.", "answer_start": 263}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6bbb603348ed44218c4987b1e7aacba2_0_q#2", "question": "What songs were on Mad Season?", "rewrite": "What songs were on Mad Season by Matchbox Twenty?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The tour continued as the 2013 Summer Tour, when they co-headlined with the Goo Goo Dolls. On April 9, 2016, Kyle Cook announced that, after much contemplation, he had left the band. However, in March 2017 that all members, including Cook, would all return for the \"A Brief History of Everything Tour 2017\", a North America co-headlining summer tour with Counting Crows. Duo Rivers and Rust joined them as an opening act. Doucette described the tour as a celebration of the band's history \u2013 stating it \"was always going to happen. It just took a bit for everyone to realize that.\" Current members Current touring members Former members Former touring members Matchbox Twenty has received nominations at the American Music Awards, the Grammy Awards, and the MTV Video Music Awards, but has only received an award at the People's Choice Awards. During 2004, the People's Choice Awards gave Matchbox Twenty the award for Favorite Musical Group. At the American Music Awards, the band was nominated for Favorite Pop/Rock Band/Duo/Group twice, during both 1999 and 2003. Matchbox Twenty received a nomination for Best Rock Album twice at the Grammy Awards, for \"Mad Season\" in 2001 and \"More Than You Think You Are\" during 2004. Overall, Matchbox Twenty has received one award from 12 nominations. The American Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony created by Dick Clark in 1973. The APRA Awards are a series of annual award ceremonies created by Australasian Performing Right Association from 1982. The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States. The MTV Video Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established during 1984 by MTV. The People's Choice Awards is an awards show that has been performed annually since 1975.", "As Matchbox 20 prepared to record their sophomore album, band members had heated discussions over song selection. After flirting with the idea of allowing other band members to provide songs, they chose to record only songs that Thomas had written or co-written. They renamed themselves Matchbox Twenty and, in March 2000, released Mad Season. Its first single, Bent, reached number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Their tour took them to 87 cities, and they sold out Madison Square Garden in 15 minutes. Thomas was inducted into the South Carolina Music and Entertainment Hall of Fame in 2001. When Santana prepared to record his follow-up to Supernatural, he sought to collaborate with Thomas again. Instead of providing vocals, Thomas wrote two songs for the album, which were recorded by Seal and Musiq Thomas provided songs to other artists as well. Willie Nelson recorded three of Thomas's songs on his 2002 album The Great Divide. One of those, \"Recollection Phoenix\", had been in contention for the next Matchbox Twenty album before the other band members had decided it wasn't a good fit. The third Matchbox Twenty album, More Than You Think You Are, wasn't complete until four weeks before its release date, November 19, 2002. For the first time, the band recorded a song not written by Thomas. Two other songs were jointly attributed to Thomas, Cook, and Doucette. As part of the promotion for the album, Thomas and his bandmates were featured on VH1's Behind the Music. When the tour for More Than You Think You Are ended, Thomas, Cook, Doucette, Yale, and Gaynor decided to take a break to focus on their families. In June 2004, the Songwriters Hall of Fame gave Thomas the inaugural Hal David Starlight Award, which recognizes a young songwriter who has made an outsized impression on the industry.", "Matchbox Twenty Matchbox Twenty (previously Matchbox 20) is an American rock band, formed in Orlando, Florida, in 1995. The group currently consists of Rob Thomas (lead vocals, guitar, keyboards), Brian Yale (bass guitar), Paul Doucette (drums, rhythm guitar, backing vocals), and Kyle Cook (lead guitar, vocals). Matchbox Twenty rose to international fame with their debut album, \"Yourself or Someone Like You\" (1996), which was certified 12\u00d7 Platinum (diamond) in the United States and multi-platinum in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Their second album, \"Mad Season\", released in 2000, charted in the top three on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified 4\u00d7 Platinum in the United States. Their third album, \"More Than You Think You Are\", released in 2002, was only certified 2\u00d7 Platinum in the United States, despite its singles receiving significant airplay. The band then went on hiatus in 2004 after rhythm guitarist Adam Gaynor's departure. As a result, Paul Doucette took over rhythm guitar when the band reunited in 2007. They released a compilation album, \"Exile on Mainstream\", which was certified Gold in the United States. After the release, the band toured to support it. Matchbox Twenty then took another hiatus while Rob Thomas embarked on a successful solo career but reunited again in 2010. On September 4, 2012, the band released their fourth studio album, \"North\", which debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200. Rob Thomas, Brian Yale, and Paul Doucette were part of the band Tabitha's Secret, which was based in Orlando, Florida, with fellow members Jay Stanley and John Goff, before splitting to start a new band (what was to become Matchbox Twenty).", "Matchbox Twenty discography American rock band Matchbox Twenty have released four studio albums, one compilation album, three video albums, two extended plays, twenty-four singles and nineteen music videos. The band released their debut studio album, \"Yourself or Someone Like You\", in October 1996. The album's lead single \"Long Day\" was moderately successful, while the album's second single \"Push\" received large amounts of airplay in the United States. As it was not released for commercial sale, \"Push\" was deemed ineligible by American chart provider \"Billboard\" to appear on its main Hot 100 singles chart. It did, however, peak at number five on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Airplay chart and became a top-ten hit in countries such as Australia and Canada. With the success of \"Push\" and follow-up singles \"3AM\", \"Real World\" and \"Back 2 Good\", \"Yourself or Someone Like You\" eventually peaked at number five on the US \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified twelve-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Following the success of their debut album, Matchbox Twenty released their second studio album, \"Mad Season\", in May 2000. The album was a commercial success, peaking at number three on the \"Billboard\" 200 and at number one in Australia. The album's lead single, \"Bent\", became the band's first number-one hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"If You're Gone\", the album's second single, peaked at number five on the Hot 100. \" Mad Season\" spawned three more singles: \"Mad Season\", \"Angry\" and \"Last Beautiful Girl\". \"", "Mad Season (album) Mad Season, also known as Mad Season by Matchbox Twenty, is the second studio album from American rock band Matchbox Twenty, released in May 2000. The album was a significant departure from the band's debut album, \"Yourself or Someone Like You\", as it moved from a straight rock sound to poppier sounds and experimental rock. While not as successful as its predecessor, the album entered and peaked at #3 on the \"Billboard\" 200 with first week sales of 365,000 and was certified 4\u00d7 Platinum in the United States in October 2001."], "answer": {"text": "Its first single, Bent,", "answer_start": 344}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Mad Season by Rob Thomas released?", "answer": {"text": "They renamed themselves Matchbox Twenty and, in March 2000, released Mad Season.", "answer_start": 263, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they name themselves?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6bbb603348ed44218c4987b1e7aacba2_0_q#3", "question": "What was unique about Bent?", "rewrite": "What was unique about Matchbox Twenty's song Bent?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Paul Doucette Paul John Doucette (born August 22, 1972) is an American musician best known for being the drummer, rhythm guitarist, and backing vocalist of the band Matchbox Twenty. Doucette is also known as a film composer and as the frontman of his own band The Break and Repair Method. He was married to Moon Zappa from 2002 to 2014. A native of North Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, Doucette graduated from Norwin High School in June 1990. After moving to Orlando, Doucette met Rob Thomas and Brian Yale and became part of the band Tabitha's Secret. The trio went on to form what would become Matchbox Twenty, which he is credited with naming. For their first three albums, Doucette was the band's drummer but with the departure of rhythm guitarist Adam Gaynor, Doucette took over the rhythm guitar duties. The Break and Repair Method drummer Ryan MacMillan took over on the drums for the compilation album Exile on Mainstream with both MacMillan and Doucette playing on the song \"How Far We've Come\". Doucette returned as the band's drummer for their fourth studio album North as well as remaining on rhythm guitar and piano with drummer Stacy Jones taking over for live shows. Doucette has written or co-written a number of songs for Matchbox Twenty such as \"How Far We've Come\", \"Overjoyed\", \"Could I Be You\", \"English Town\" and many others. He also has had a large role in the lighting design for Matchbox Twenty concerts. After the release and supporting tour of Matchbox Twenty's third studio album More Than You Think You Are, the band went on a hiatus to allow members to pursue individual projects.", "At the Taste of Chicago on July 2, 2010, Thomas said that Matchbox Twenty would be recording in the fall for their fourth studio album. On September 4, 2010, while on VH1's Top 20 Music Video Countdown, Thomas stated that Matchbox Twenty was planning to start working on their next studio album in mid-September and that he was 80% sure that the album would be released sometime in 2011. Rob Thomas posted on Twitter that he was \"heading out next week to start writing the new mb20 record\" on September 13, 2010. It was stated on Matchbox Twenty's web site that the next show they will do together is on January 1, 2011 in Oklahoma. According to Paul Doucette, the new Matchbox Twenty album will likely be completed in the beginning of 2012. He explained, \"That's the same question I was asking. We don't know -- the beginning of next year, we hope. It's a real important record for us. We haven't done anything in a long time. The older we get, the more we realize and appreciate the good fortune we have to do what we do at this level. Realistically, how many more times do we get? So we're going to really make this record the one we want it to be.\" Matchbox Twenty played a one-off live show in Temecula, California on July 9, 2011, but no new material was played. During the show Rob Thomas stated the show was a \"love letter to our fans.\" \"North\" was released on September 4, 2012. The album's first single, \"She's So Mean,\" was released on June 12, 2012. In 2012, the band embarked on a worldwide tour, the North Tour, to promote the album.", "Classes range from beginner \"Open Water\" classes all the way to \"Master Scuba Diver\" classes to accommodate all levels of experience. These classes are held half at Lake Ouachita and half in the classroom at camp. It also has a new mini golf course near the summit recently established in 2018. Camp Ozark was founded and still operates on evangelist Christian principles. Camp Ozark promotional material states that Camp Ozark seeks to provide a wholesome, upbeat Christian environment for all of its campers. Camp Ozark also promotes a spiritual theme termed \"F.I.T.\", which stands for \"First Is Third. \" This theme represents the idea that in order to \"win\" in life as a Christian, a person must put God first, others second and themselves third. During the summer, Camp Ozark conducts three nightly worship services: \"Lifeline\" for grade school campers, \"Prime Time\" for campers in Junior High and \"Ozone\" for High School campers. Ozone Ministries is a year-round ministry started by Camp Ozark. Camp Ozark currently operates Ozone chapters in Houston, Dallas, Springdale, Arkansas, Rogers, Arkansas, Fayetteville Arkansas, Lafayette, Louisiana and Baton Rouge. Funded primarily by donations, Ozone Ministries strives to continue the Ozark message throughout the school year. Ozark campers and non-Ozark campers may attend Ozone. Ozone conducts several events throughout the year, including fund raisers, garage sales, and dodgeball tournaments. Camp War Eagle is a joint effort of the Walton Family Foundation and Camp Ozark. Located on Beaver Lake near Rogers, Arkansas, Camp War Eagle serves boys and girls ages 7 to 17 from Benton, Washington, Carroll and Madison counties in northwest Arkansas. Although similar to Camp Ozark, Camp War Eagle's campers generally pay no tuition.", "Matchbox Twenty Matchbox Twenty (previously Matchbox 20) is an American rock band, formed in Orlando, Florida, in 1995. The group currently consists of Rob Thomas (lead vocals, guitar, keyboards), Brian Yale (bass guitar), Paul Doucette (drums, rhythm guitar, backing vocals), and Kyle Cook (lead guitar, vocals). Matchbox Twenty rose to international fame with their debut album, \"Yourself or Someone Like You\" (1996), which was certified 12\u00d7 Platinum (diamond) in the United States and multi-platinum in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Their second album, \"Mad Season\", released in 2000, charted in the top three on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified 4\u00d7 Platinum in the United States. Their third album, \"More Than You Think You Are\", released in 2002, was only certified 2\u00d7 Platinum in the United States, despite its singles receiving significant airplay. The band then went on hiatus in 2004 after rhythm guitarist Adam Gaynor's departure. As a result, Paul Doucette took over rhythm guitar when the band reunited in 2007. They released a compilation album, \"Exile on Mainstream\", which was certified Gold in the United States. After the release, the band toured to support it. Matchbox Twenty then took another hiatus while Rob Thomas embarked on a successful solo career but reunited again in 2010. On September 4, 2012, the band released their fourth studio album, \"North\", which debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200. Rob Thomas, Brian Yale, and Paul Doucette were part of the band Tabitha's Secret, which was based in Orlando, Florida, with fellow members Jay Stanley and John Goff, before splitting to start a new band (what was to become Matchbox Twenty).", "At the time, Sam was a lawyer in Houston, Texas, but his association with Camp Ozark was extensive. Sam had first come to the camp with his family in 1953 at the age of 5 for what was known then, and for many years afterwards, as \"Family Week\". In 1959, at the age of 10, Sam spent the first of 11 consecutive summers at Ozark Boys' Camp. During those 11 summers, Sam experienced Ozark Boys' Camp as a camper, Junior Counselor and Counselor. Since acquiring Camp Ozark, Sam and Susan, a R.N., have pursued the goal of establishing Camp Ozark as one of the premier residential Christian summer camps in the United States. Since 1985 Camp Ozark has grown from 18 cabins to 96 cabins, from 375 campers per summer to over 6,100 campers (as of 2015), and has launched several associated ministry programs (Ozone Ministries.) Camp Ozark is also a partner camp with Camp War Eagle, located in northwest Arkansas. Camp Ozark is located in Montgomery County, Arkansas, west of Mount Ida on Arkansas State Highway 270. Camp Ozark occupies several hundred acres of National Forest land (the Ouachita National Forest.) Camp Ozark is located adjacent to the Ouachita River and is 15 miles from Lake Ouachita. As of 2016, Camp Ozark utilizes 96 cabins for its summer camp program. Twelve of the cabins are heated for non-summer use. Recreational facilities include three large covered pavilions for basketball, volleyball and tennis, a smaller covered pavilion for gymnastics, a dance studio, a woodshop, a wrestling and weight room pavilion and a large crafts building which includes a pottery room."], "answer": {"text": "reached number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.", "answer_start": 368}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Mad Season by Rob Thomas released?", "answer": {"text": "They renamed themselves Matchbox Twenty and, in March 2000, released Mad Season.", "answer_start": 263, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they name themselves?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs were on Mad Season?", "answer": {"text": "Its first single, Bent,", "answer_start": 344, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6bbb603348ed44218c4987b1e7aacba2_0_q#5", "question": "When was their next album released?", "rewrite": "After Mad Season, when was Matchbox Twenty's next album released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Matchbox Twenty Matchbox Twenty (previously Matchbox 20) is an American rock band, formed in Orlando, Florida, in 1995. The group currently consists of Rob Thomas (lead vocals, guitar, keyboards), Brian Yale (bass guitar), Paul Doucette (drums, rhythm guitar, backing vocals), and Kyle Cook (lead guitar, vocals). Matchbox Twenty rose to international fame with their debut album, \"Yourself or Someone Like You\" (1996), which was certified 12\u00d7 Platinum (diamond) in the United States and multi-platinum in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Their second album, \"Mad Season\", released in 2000, charted in the top three on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified 4\u00d7 Platinum in the United States. Their third album, \"More Than You Think You Are\", released in 2002, was only certified 2\u00d7 Platinum in the United States, despite its singles receiving significant airplay. The band then went on hiatus in 2004 after rhythm guitarist Adam Gaynor's departure. As a result, Paul Doucette took over rhythm guitar when the band reunited in 2007. They released a compilation album, \"Exile on Mainstream\", which was certified Gold in the United States. After the release, the band toured to support it. Matchbox Twenty then took another hiatus while Rob Thomas embarked on a successful solo career but reunited again in 2010. On September 4, 2012, the band released their fourth studio album, \"North\", which debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200. Rob Thomas, Brian Yale, and Paul Doucette were part of the band Tabitha's Secret, which was based in Orlando, Florida, with fellow members Jay Stanley and John Goff, before splitting to start a new band (what was to become Matchbox Twenty).", "The tour continued as the 2013 Summer Tour, when they co-headlined with the Goo Goo Dolls. On April 9, 2016, Kyle Cook announced that, after much contemplation, he had left the band. However, in March 2017 that all members, including Cook, would all return for the \"A Brief History of Everything Tour 2017\", a North America co-headlining summer tour with Counting Crows. Duo Rivers and Rust joined them as an opening act. Doucette described the tour as a celebration of the band's history \u2013 stating it \"was always going to happen. It just took a bit for everyone to realize that.\" Current members Current touring members Former members Former touring members Matchbox Twenty has received nominations at the American Music Awards, the Grammy Awards, and the MTV Video Music Awards, but has only received an award at the People's Choice Awards. During 2004, the People's Choice Awards gave Matchbox Twenty the award for Favorite Musical Group. At the American Music Awards, the band was nominated for Favorite Pop/Rock Band/Duo/Group twice, during both 1999 and 2003. Matchbox Twenty received a nomination for Best Rock Album twice at the Grammy Awards, for \"Mad Season\" in 2001 and \"More Than You Think You Are\" during 2004. Overall, Matchbox Twenty has received one award from 12 nominations. The American Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony created by Dick Clark in 1973. The APRA Awards are a series of annual award ceremonies created by Australasian Performing Right Association from 1982. The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States. The MTV Video Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established during 1984 by MTV. The People's Choice Awards is an awards show that has been performed annually since 1975.", "Mad Season (album) Mad Season, also known as Mad Season by Matchbox Twenty, is the second studio album from American rock band Matchbox Twenty, released in May 2000. The album was a significant departure from the band's debut album, \"Yourself or Someone Like You\", as it moved from a straight rock sound to poppier sounds and experimental rock. While not as successful as its predecessor, the album entered and peaked at #3 on the \"Billboard\" 200 with first week sales of 365,000 and was certified 4\u00d7 Platinum in the United States in October 2001.", "Matchbox Twenty discography American rock band Matchbox Twenty have released four studio albums, one compilation album, three video albums, two extended plays, twenty-four singles and nineteen music videos. The band released their debut studio album, \"Yourself or Someone Like You\", in October 1996. The album's lead single \"Long Day\" was moderately successful, while the album's second single \"Push\" received large amounts of airplay in the United States. As it was not released for commercial sale, \"Push\" was deemed ineligible by American chart provider \"Billboard\" to appear on its main Hot 100 singles chart. It did, however, peak at number five on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Airplay chart and became a top-ten hit in countries such as Australia and Canada. With the success of \"Push\" and follow-up singles \"3AM\", \"Real World\" and \"Back 2 Good\", \"Yourself or Someone Like You\" eventually peaked at number five on the US \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified twelve-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Following the success of their debut album, Matchbox Twenty released their second studio album, \"Mad Season\", in May 2000. The album was a commercial success, peaking at number three on the \"Billboard\" 200 and at number one in Australia. The album's lead single, \"Bent\", became the band's first number-one hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"If You're Gone\", the album's second single, peaked at number five on the Hot 100. \" Mad Season\" spawned three more singles: \"Mad Season\", \"Angry\" and \"Last Beautiful Girl\". \"", "As Matchbox 20 prepared to record their sophomore album, band members had heated discussions over song selection. After flirting with the idea of allowing other band members to provide songs, they chose to record only songs that Thomas had written or co-written. They renamed themselves Matchbox Twenty and, in March 2000, released Mad Season. Its first single, Bent, reached number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Their tour took them to 87 cities, and they sold out Madison Square Garden in 15 minutes. Thomas was inducted into the South Carolina Music and Entertainment Hall of Fame in 2001. When Santana prepared to record his follow-up to Supernatural, he sought to collaborate with Thomas again. Instead of providing vocals, Thomas wrote two songs for the album, which were recorded by Seal and Musiq Thomas provided songs to other artists as well. Willie Nelson recorded three of Thomas's songs on his 2002 album The Great Divide. One of those, \"Recollection Phoenix\", had been in contention for the next Matchbox Twenty album before the other band members had decided it wasn't a good fit. The third Matchbox Twenty album, More Than You Think You Are, wasn't complete until four weeks before its release date, November 19, 2002. For the first time, the band recorded a song not written by Thomas. Two other songs were jointly attributed to Thomas, Cook, and Doucette. As part of the promotion for the album, Thomas and his bandmates were featured on VH1's Behind the Music. When the tour for More Than You Think You Are ended, Thomas, Cook, Doucette, Yale, and Gaynor decided to take a break to focus on their families. In June 2004, the Songwriters Hall of Fame gave Thomas the inaugural Hal David Starlight Award, which recognizes a young songwriter who has made an outsized impression on the industry."], "answer": {"text": "The third Matchbox Twenty album, More Than You Think You Are, wasn't complete until four weeks before its release date,", "answer_start": 1100}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When was Mad Season by Rob Thomas released?", "answer": {"text": "They renamed themselves Matchbox Twenty and, in March 2000, released Mad Season.", "answer_start": 263, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they name themselves?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs were on Mad Season?", "answer": {"text": "Its first single, Bent,", "answer_start": 344, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was unique about Bent?", "answer": {"text": "reached number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.", "answer_start": 368, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the album have other successful songs on it?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6bbb603348ed44218c4987b1e7aacba2_0_q#6", "question": "Why was it completed so late?", "rewrite": "Why was the album More Than You Think You Are completed so late?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Think Tank (Blur album) Think Tank is the seventh studio album by the English rock band Blur, released in May 2003. Continuing the jam-based studio constructions of the group's previous album, \"13\" (1999), the album expanded on the use of sampled rhythm loops and brooding, heavy electronic sounds. There are also heavy influences from dance music, hip hop, dub, jazz, and African music, an indication of songwriter Damon Albarn's expanding musical interests. Recording sessions started in November 2001, taking place in London, Morocco and Devon, and finished a year later. The album's primary producer was Ben Hillier with additional production by Norman Cook (Fatboy Slim), and William Orbit. At the start of the sessions, guitarist Graham Coxon had been in rehab for alcoholism. After he rejoined, relationships between him and the other members became strained. After initial recording sessions, Coxon left, leaving little of his presence on the finished album. \"Think Tank\" is a loose concept album, which Albarn has stated is about \"love and politics\". Albarn, a pacifist, had spoken out against the invasion of Afghanistan and, after Western nations threatened to invade Iraq, took part in the widespread protests against the war. Anti-war themes are recurrent in the album as well as in associated artwork and promotional videos. After leaking onto the internet in March, \"Think Tank\" was released on 5 May 2003 and entered the UK Albums Chart at number one, making it Blur's fifth consecutive studio album to reach the topspot. The album was later certified Gold. \" Think Tank\" also reached the top 20 in many other countries, including Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Norway and Japan. It was their highest charting album in the United States, reaching number 56 on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "According to the official website, \"The awards are judged by a cross-party panel looking for evidence of influence on public policy and on the public discourse. The judges will also consider the quality of research and potential of younger and smaller organisations.\" The awards have been running since 2001, and have been expanding exponentially to include more global awards for international Think Tanks. The winner of the most recent 2017 Think Tank awards (held at the Institute of Directors on 10 July) was the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, based in the UK, for its \"very strong analytical appraisal of social conditions in Britain\". Previous winners: 2017 North America Economic & Financial Think Tank of the Year: Peterson Institute for International Economics; North America Social Policy Think Tank of the Year: New America (organization); North America Energy & Environment Think Tank of the Year: Climate Interactive; North America International Affairs Think Tank of the Year: Freedom House; EU Economic & Financial Think Tank of the Year: Bruegel; EU Social Policy Think Tank of the Year: SNS EU Energy & Environment Think Tank of the Year: Nansen Institute; EU International Affairs Think Tank of the Year: The Casimir Pulaski Foundation; UK Economic & Financial Think Tank of the Year: Institute for Fiscal Studies; UK Energy & Environment Think Tank of the Year: Chatham House; UK International Affairs Think Tank of the Year: Centre for European Reform; UK Social Policy Think Tank of the Year: Joseph Rowntree Foundation; One-to-Watch Think Tank of the Year: Inter-American Dialogue; UK Think Tank of the Year: Joseph Rowntree Foundation 2016: North America Economic & Financial Think Tank of the Year: Peterson Institute for International Economics; North America Social Policy Think Tank of the Year: RAND Corporation; North America Energy & Environment Think Tank of the Year: Center for Climate and Energy Solutions;", "North America International Affairs Think Tank of the Year: Copenhagen Consensus Center; EU Economic & Financial Think Tank of the Year: Bruegel; EU Energy & Environment Think Tank of the Year: Institute for European Environmental Policy; EU International Affairs Think Tank of the Year: Carnegie Europe; UK Economic & Financial Think Tank of the Year: Institute for Fiscal Studies; UK Energy & Environment Think Tank of the Year: Chatham House; UK International Affairs Think Tank of the Year: Chatham House; UK Social Policy Think Tank of the Year: RSA; One-to-Watch Think Tank of the Year: UK in a Changing Europe; UK Think Tank of the Year: Chatham House 2015: North America Economic & Financial Think Tank of the Year: Bipartisan Policy Center; North America Social Policy Think Tank of the Year: New America (organization); North America Energy & Environment Think Tank of the Year: RAND Corporation; North America International Affairs Think Tank of the Year: Brookings Institution; EU Economic & Financial Think Tank of the Year: Bruegel; EU Social Policy Think Tank of the Year: SNS; EU Energy & Environment Think Tank of the Year: Centre for European Policy Studies; EU International Affairs Think Tank of the Year: European Council on Foreign Relations; UK Economic & Financial Think Tank of the Year: Institute for Fiscal Studies; UK Energy & Environment Think Tank of the Year: IPPR; UK International Affairs Think Tank of the Year: Centre for European Reform; UK Social Policy Think Tank of the Year: Resolution Foundation; One-to-Watch Think Tank of the Year: British Future; UK Think Tank of the Year: Institute for Fiscal Studies 2014: UK Economic & Financial Think Tank of the Year: Institute for Fiscal Studies; UK Energy & Environment Think Tank of the Year: Chatham House;", "The Dying Things We Live For The Dying Things We Live For is the third studio album by American metalcore band Like Moths to Flames, released worldwide on October 23, 2015 through Rise Records. This is their second album to feature drummer Greg Diamond, and the first by the band not to feature an official rhythm guitarist, due to the departure of Zach Huston prior to the recording of the album. Towards the end of 2015, and following the album's completion, he was replaced by guitarist Jeremy Smith, formerly of the band City Lights. Lead vocalist Chris Roetter, on the songwriting process for the album, said that the band's approach to songwriting has \"definitely changed but I think the root of why people like the band is definitely still there. I think one of the most important things about writing and aging as a band is showing growth and progression and a bit of variety in a sense. So we kind of took [our first two albums] and did like a trial and error. We took what songs worked and tried to implement those ideas into songs on the new album. I think for people who have liked the band in the past, it will give them an opportunity to see the band in a new light. The focal points on the new album are a little bit different then the past. I think most times the songwriting gives me freedom to do a lot more with the vocals. This time around, there was a lot more focal point on the guitar work and the musicianship behind the lyrics and the vocal patterns and everything. I think for us, it was important to do that because we\u2019d never really had a chance to show what we\u2019re all capable of. For me, it was a challenge because the music it wasn\u2019t just a base foundation. It was there and there were intricate parts that I had to write around. I think overall, it shows growth.\"", "UK International Affairs Think Tank of the Year: European Council on Foreign Relations; UK Social Policy Think Tank of the Year: IPPR; One to watch: Higher Education Policy Institute; North America Think Tank of the Year: Inter-American Dialogue; European Think Tank of the Year: Carnegie Europe; UK Think Tank of the Year: Institute for Fiscal Studies 2013: UK Think Tank of the Year: Resolution Foundation; European Think Tank of the Year: Istituto Bruno Leoni; North American Think Tank of the Year: Third Way; International Publication of the Year: \u201cPress Freedom in Turkey\u201d; UK Energy and the environment Think Tank of the Year: Institute of Economic Affairs; UK Social Policy Think Tank of the Year: Centre for Social Justice; UK Economic and Financial Think Tank of the Year: CentreForum & Policy Exchange 2012: Global Think Tank of the Year: Bruegel UK Think Tank of the Year: Social Market Foundation. Publication of the Year: Resolution Foundation, \u201cThe Essential Guide to Squeezed Britain\u201d. North America Think Tank of the Year: Carnegie Endowment; Runner-up: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments Europe (excluding UK) Think Tank of the Year: Bruegel (Brussels); Runner-up: Institute of Modern Politics (Sofia) 2011: Winner: National Institute of Economic and Social Research, for scrutiny of the government's economic strategy. Runner up: the King's Fund, for work on NHS reforms. International think tank of the year: Peterson Institute for International Economics: for coverage of the financial crisis. Runner up: Bruegel, for coverage of the eurozone. Publication of the year: Reform: \u201cEvery teacher matters\u201d. Best foreign affairs think tank based in the UK: Joint award: Chatham House: for work on Yemen, and RUSI, for work on the Strategic Defence Review and China. One to Watch:"], "answer": {"text": "For the first time, the band recorded a song not written by Thomas.", "answer_start": 1239}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Mad Season by Rob Thomas released?", "answer": {"text": "They renamed themselves Matchbox Twenty and, in March 2000, released Mad Season.", "answer_start": 263, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they name themselves?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs were on Mad Season?", "answer": {"text": "Its first single, Bent,", "answer_start": 344, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was unique about Bent?", "answer": {"text": "reached number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.", "answer_start": 368, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the album have other successful songs on it?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was their next album released?", "answer": {"text": "The third Matchbox Twenty album, More Than You Think You Are, wasn't complete until four weeks before its release date,", "answer_start": 1100, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9d3d47221ad4421e9580d3f78b9b580d_1_q#0", "question": "What is The Rokstarr about?", "rewrite": "What is The Rokstarr about?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Two groups, however, continued to function secretly: a Southern Society, based at Tulchin, a small garrison town in Ukraine, in which Pestel was the outstanding figure, and a Northern Society, based at St Petersburg, led by Guard officers Nikita Muraviev, Prince S. P. Trubetskoy and Prince Eugene Obolensky. The political aims of the more moderate Northern Society were a British-style constitutional monarchy with a limited franchise, though it could be replaced with a republic in the future but only according to the will of the people, assuming the legislative assembly and excluding the execution of the imperial family, the abolition of serfdom according to the interests of Russian landlords, i. e. with land in the ownership of landlords mainly still similar to the abolition of serfdom in Baltic provinces, and equality before the law. The Southern Society, under Pestel's influence, was more radical and wanted to abolish the monarchy, establish a republic, similar to the Union of Salvation, and contrary to the Union of Salvation plans, to redistribute land: taking half into state ownership and dividing the rest among the peasants. The Society of United Slavs (also known as the Slavic Union - Pan-Slavism) was established in Novograd-Volynsky in the Ukraine in 1823. Its never written-down program was similar to that of the Southern Society but the main emphasis was on the equal federation of Russia (including Ukraine), Poland, Moldavia (including Bessarabia) with the attachment of Wallachia, Transylvania, Hungary (including Slovakia, Slovenia, Vojvodina, the Carpatho-Ukraine aka Zarkarpattia), Croatia, Serbia, Dalmatia, the Czech lands of Bohemia & Moravia", "The Rokstarr Collection The Rokstarr Collection is the first compilation album by English R&B recording artist Taio Cruz. It was released on 20 September 2010. According to Cruz's official site the album combines \"the biggest hits of Taio\u2019s debut album \u2018Departure\u2019 and recent album \u2018Rokstarr\u2019\". The album includes all of Cruz's singles from his first two studio albums, excluding \"No Other One\". The album also includes album tracks and the American version of \"Break Your Heart\", featuring Ludacris. Island Records added the video advertisement for the collection to their YouTube account on 18 August 2010. The album was also a success on the charts of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, Canadian Hot 100 and also reached the number-one spot on the Australian charts. On 26 September 2010, \"The Rokstarr Collection\" debuted at number 16 on the official UK Albums Chart, becoming Cruz's third consecutive top 20 album. Speaking to Nesta McGregor of the \"BBC Newsbeat\", Cruz admitted that releasing a greatest hits collection was \"insane\" after only having released two albums: I've been so fortunate to release so many singles. I've got six singles off the first album and another five singles off this new album, so there's definitely a lot of records that people will have heard before but not necessarily known that it was me. But they liked the song. \" \"The Rokstarr Collection\" received a mixed reception from critics. Pip from 'Entertainment Focus' gave the compilation a positive reception. Pip said \"[the compilation] brings together the biggest smashes if Taio's career in one hit-packed album.", "Dynamite (Taio Cruz song) \"Dynamite\" is a song by British recording artist Taio Cruz for the international version of his second studio album, \"Rokstarr\" (2010). Cruz co-wrote the song, along with Max Martin, Bonnie McKee, Benny Blanco, and Dr. Luke; the latter two are also the producers. The song features additional instrumentation by Cruz himself. It was released internationally as the fourth single from \"Rokstarr\". In the UK, the song was released as the first single from Cruz's compilation album, \"The Rokstarr Collection\" (2010). On 30 May 2010, it was released to US and Canadian radio stations as his second single and across Europe as his fourth single. An official remix was released featuring new label mate, Jennifer Lopez. \"Dynamite\" became Cruz's second number-one single on the UK Singles Chart and the Canadian Hot 100 as well topping charts in Belgium, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. The song reached number two on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and by January 2012 it had sold over 5.7 million copies in the U.S. and Canada, becoming the second best-selling song by a British artist in the digital era there, behind Adele's \"Rolling in the Deep\". The song \"Dynamite\" is written in the key of C# minor, with a tempo of 116 beats per minute. According to Cruz, \"The song 'Dynamite' itself is about when you go to the club and when you go to a party and when you're just going out... you got to feel like, 'I'm just gonna explode.'\" Dr. Luke and Max Martin had written the melody, and asked Bonnie McKee to write lyrics.", "Cruz was featured on Tinchy Stryder's breakout single \"Take Me Back\" which peaked at No. 3 in the UK Singles Chart. According to Cruz's official Myspace blog, as of 1 January 2009, Rokstarr Music London changed its name to Rokstarr Entertainment Division, abbreviated to R.E.D Inc. During 2009, he worked on his follow-up album entitled Rokstarr. It was released on 12 October through R.E.D Inc./Island Records and is written and produced by Cruz, with co-writes and co-productions predominantly with UK producer Fraser T Smith. The album's lead single \"Break Your Heart\" was released on 14 September and reached number one in the UK, where it stayed for three weeks. In the US it went directly from number 53 to number one, breaking the record for the largest leap of a debut single. At the 2010 Brit Awards, \"Break Your Heart\" was nominated for Best British Single. The success of the song attracted the attention of David Massey and Daniel Werner from Mercury/Island Def Jam who were excited and aggressive about releasing \"Break Your Heart\" in the United States on their label. According to Cruz's manager Jamie Binns, the relationship with Monte Lipman at Universal Republic had \"gone a bit quiet\" by this point and as Taio wanted to be with the label that was most enthusiastic about his music, a move from Universal Republic to Mercury/Island Def Jam was engineered. The single reached the top spot in the United States for one week on the Billboard Hot 100. In an interview with The Guardian, it was stated that \"Cruz was clever to have hooked up with a US rapper Ludacris on his breakthrough hit\". In order to introduce Cruz into the U.S. market, David Massey had suggested that the single feature an American rapper with chart credibility.", "Rokstarr Rokstarr is the second studio album by English singer and songwriter Taio Cruz. It was released on October 12, 2009 in the United Kingdom. On June 11, 2010, a revised version of the album was released in Europe and the United States, appearing as Cruz's debut album there. On May 22, 2011, a second revised version of the album was released in Brazil, other South American countries and Europe. The album debuted at number 14 on the UK Albums Chart and number eight on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200. The title is a misspelling of the word \"rockstar\". Speaking to Pete Lewis of the \"Blues & Soul\", Cruz explained the musical background behind the album: \"This album shows quite a bit of scope. In that, while it's still got underlining hip hop, dance and R&B-type tones to it, it also has like rocky and indie rock elements. And lyrically, because essentially I come from a ballad place of listening to people like Boyz II Men and Babyface, many of the songs do tend to be about relationships in one way or another. But the difference this time is that, as well as the full-on love songs, I am having a little bit more FUN with it all!\" The album has received generally mixed to positive reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 61, based on 11 reviews, which indicates \"generally favorable reviews\". Mike Driver from BBC gave an extremely favorable review, saying that: \"\"Rokstarr\" bounces to a beat that feels fresh and vibrant\"."], "answer": {"text": "Rokstarr Music London changed its name to Rokstarr Entertainment Division, abbreviated to R.E.D Inc.", "answer_start": 181}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9d3d47221ad4421e9580d3f78b9b580d_1_q#1", "question": "is that the record label Taio went with?", "rewrite": "is R.E.D Inc. the record label Taio went with?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Taio Taio ( or \"Theyl\", Ladin: \"Taj\") was a \"comune\" (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol, located about north of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,694 and an area of . It was merged with Coredo, Smarano, Tres and Verv\u00f2 on January 1, 2015, to form a new municipality, Predaia. Taio borders the following municipalities: Coredo, Denno, Nanno, Sanzeno, Tassullo, Ton, Tres and Verv\u00f2. Taio included the village of Segno, which is the birthplace of Jesuit missionary Eusebio Kino.", "I Can Be (Taio Cruz song) \"I Can Be\" is a song by British singer-songwriter Taio Cruz, released as the fourth single from his debut album \"Departure\", released in May 2008. The song peaked at number 18 on the UK Singles Chart. The single's B-side, \"Disco Fever\", was written and recorded exclusively for the release, and featured in the television adverts for \"Britannia High\", an ITV1 musical series broadcast in July 2008. Digital Spy gave the song three out of five stars, claiming: \"Taio Cruz has slowly been building a reputation as the finest young R&B talent in the UK. His third single , the electro-tinged 'Come On Girl', broke into the top ten, while debut album Departure revealed the Sussex-born singer had plenty of strings to his musical bow. With the sort of cocky bravado usually reserved for US superstars and without a Timbaland cameo in sight, Taio has all the ingredients to become a credible British alternative to the likes of Usher, Nelly and Justin Timberlake. His latest offering, 'I Can Be', is a slick slice of R&B that should continue his ascent nicely. The electro beats and string samples are subtler and more graceful than Timbaland's chunky wallops, which have sadly become the staple for modern urban music, while the ultra-confident and clich\u00e9-packed lyrics, though not to everyone's tastes, are refreshingly unpretentious. With Estelle lending her vocals to the American remix and word-of-mouth spreading about his talents, Cruz looks like he's genuinely destined for stardom.\"", "Teremoana Tapi Taio Teremoana Tapi Taio is a Cook Islands politician and former Cabinet Minister. He is a member of the Cook Islands Democratic Party. Taio was elected to the Cook Islands Parliament for the electorate of Akaoa at the 1999 election. He served in the cabinet of Robert Woonton, and was responsible for the Finance portfolio following the resignation of Deputy Prime Minister Terepai Maoate from the Cabinet in 2003. He lost his seat at the 2004 election, and did not contest it in 2006 for family reasons. Taio is managing director of Taio Shipping. He was appointed a director of the Cook Islands Investment Corporation in 2003. He is partly of Norwegian descent. In September 2010 he resigned from the Cook Islands Investment Corporation board in order to stand for election. He ran for the seat of Akaoa in the 2010 elections, but was unsuccessful.", "Set U Free \"Set U Free\" is a song by Canadian recording artist Keshia Chant\u00e9. It was released as the first single from her third studio album, \"Night & Day\". \" Set U Free\" was written by Taio Cruz, while being produced by Justin Forsley. After a demo version of the song performed by Taio Cruz was leaked, the finished version premiered on February 17, 2011 via Chante's official YouTube account. \"Set U Free\" features an 80's pop/R&B production which Chante describes as Janet Jackson inspired and lyrics that depict someone being teased by their muse while trying to seduce them. \"Set U Free\" was written by Taio Cruz, M. Wallo and Alex James, while being produced by Justin Forsley. The song was first released on Swedish singer Danny Saucedo's album Set Your Body Free in 2008. Taio Cruz's version of the song leaked, under the title 'Set Your Body Free', February 16, 2011 followed by the releases of Chant\u00e9's the next day. The single unexpectedly was released digitally via iTunes on March 1, 2011. The song quickly jumped into the Top 200 Songs chart, already proving to become more successful than her previous single Table Dancer. The song was filed under Pop, whereas the Table Dancer single could be found under R&B/Soul. It entered the Canadian Hits Chart (Airplay) at #81 and climbed into the Canadian Top 40 (Airplay) within 2 weeks after charting. The song debuted on the Canadian Hot 100 at #92 and peaking at #84. On February 17, 2011, the single became available for streaming on Keshia Chant\u00e9's official YouTube account. Before the release, Chant\u00e9 tweeted \"Good Morning tweethearts! Getting ready to hit the studio & finish another song for the album!", "Hangover (Taio Cruz song) \"Hangover\" is a song by English singer Taio Cruz from his third studio album, \"TY.O\". Released on 4 October 2011 in Germany, and 4 March 2012 in the United Kingdom, the song serves as the album's international lead single, and follows \"Troublemaker\" as the album's second British single. American rapper Flo Rida contributes guest vocals. Another alternate version of the song, titled \"Takeover\", was leaked online via NewJams.net. In an interview with \"Billboard\", Taio said that fans can expect more uptempo dance tracks on his forthcoming album. Talking to \"Billboard\", Cruz explained: \"The new album will be out by the end of the year; it will be out before Christmas. The new single will be out very, very soon as well.\" He also said \"It's definitely going to be more of the uptempo, fun, energetic vibe that you've heard on ' Break Your Heart', 'Higher' and 'Dynamite'. \" Speaking about potential collaborations, Cruz revealed: \"There are a few guests\u2014David Guetta and Ludacris (' Little Bad Girl')\u2014but we have a couple more on there that will be good surprises too. \" It was co-written and produced by Dr. Luke and Cirkut. This is Dr. Luke's third collaboration with Taio Cruz (after \"Dynamite\" and \"Dirty Picture\") and fifth collaboration with guest vocalist Flo Rida (after \"Right Round\", \"Touch Me\", \"Who Dat Girl\", and \"Good Feeling\"). This is also the third collaboration between Flo Rida and Cirkut, following \"Who Dat Girl\" and \"Good Feeling\"."], "answer": {"text": "During 2009, he worked on his follow-up album entitled Rokstarr. It was released on 12 October through R.E.D Inc./Island Records", "answer_start": 282}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is The Rokstarr about?", "answer": {"text": "Rokstarr Music London changed its name to Rokstarr Entertainment Division, abbreviated to R.E.D Inc.", "answer_start": 181, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9d3d47221ad4421e9580d3f78b9b580d_1_q#2", "question": "How did he have an international breakthrough?", "rewrite": "How did Taio have an international breakthrough?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hangover (Taio Cruz song) \"Hangover\" is a song by English singer Taio Cruz from his third studio album, \"TY.O\". Released on 4 October 2011 in Germany, and 4 March 2012 in the United Kingdom, the song serves as the album's international lead single, and follows \"Troublemaker\" as the album's second British single. American rapper Flo Rida contributes guest vocals. Another alternate version of the song, titled \"Takeover\", was leaked online via NewJams.net. In an interview with \"Billboard\", Taio said that fans can expect more uptempo dance tracks on his forthcoming album. Talking to \"Billboard\", Cruz explained: \"The new album will be out by the end of the year; it will be out before Christmas. The new single will be out very, very soon as well.\" He also said \"It's definitely going to be more of the uptempo, fun, energetic vibe that you've heard on ' Break Your Heart', 'Higher' and 'Dynamite'. \" Speaking about potential collaborations, Cruz revealed: \"There are a few guests\u2014David Guetta and Ludacris (' Little Bad Girl')\u2014but we have a couple more on there that will be good surprises too. \" It was co-written and produced by Dr. Luke and Cirkut. This is Dr. Luke's third collaboration with Taio Cruz (after \"Dynamite\" and \"Dirty Picture\") and fifth collaboration with guest vocalist Flo Rida (after \"Right Round\", \"Touch Me\", \"Who Dat Girl\", and \"Good Feeling\"). This is also the third collaboration between Flo Rida and Cirkut, following \"Who Dat Girl\" and \"Good Feeling\".", "I Can Be (Taio Cruz song) \"I Can Be\" is a song by British singer-songwriter Taio Cruz, released as the fourth single from his debut album \"Departure\", released in May 2008. The song peaked at number 18 on the UK Singles Chart. The single's B-side, \"Disco Fever\", was written and recorded exclusively for the release, and featured in the television adverts for \"Britannia High\", an ITV1 musical series broadcast in July 2008. Digital Spy gave the song three out of five stars, claiming: \"Taio Cruz has slowly been building a reputation as the finest young R&B talent in the UK. His third single , the electro-tinged 'Come On Girl', broke into the top ten, while debut album Departure revealed the Sussex-born singer had plenty of strings to his musical bow. With the sort of cocky bravado usually reserved for US superstars and without a Timbaland cameo in sight, Taio has all the ingredients to become a credible British alternative to the likes of Usher, Nelly and Justin Timberlake. His latest offering, 'I Can Be', is a slick slice of R&B that should continue his ascent nicely. The electro beats and string samples are subtler and more graceful than Timbaland's chunky wallops, which have sadly become the staple for modern urban music, while the ultra-confident and clich\u00e9-packed lyrics, though not to everyone's tastes, are refreshingly unpretentious. With Estelle lending her vocals to the American remix and word-of-mouth spreading about his talents, Cruz looks like he's genuinely destined for stardom.\"", "Taio Taio ( or \"Theyl\", Ladin: \"Taj\") was a \"comune\" (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol, located about north of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,694 and an area of . It was merged with Coredo, Smarano, Tres and Verv\u00f2 on January 1, 2015, to form a new municipality, Predaia. Taio borders the following municipalities: Coredo, Denno, Nanno, Sanzeno, Tassullo, Ton, Tres and Verv\u00f2. Taio included the village of Segno, which is the birthplace of Jesuit missionary Eusebio Kino.", "Teremoana Tapi Taio Teremoana Tapi Taio is a Cook Islands politician and former Cabinet Minister. He is a member of the Cook Islands Democratic Party. Taio was elected to the Cook Islands Parliament for the electorate of Akaoa at the 1999 election. He served in the cabinet of Robert Woonton, and was responsible for the Finance portfolio following the resignation of Deputy Prime Minister Terepai Maoate from the Cabinet in 2003. He lost his seat at the 2004 election, and did not contest it in 2006 for family reasons. Taio is managing director of Taio Shipping. He was appointed a director of the Cook Islands Investment Corporation in 2003. He is partly of Norwegian descent. In September 2010 he resigned from the Cook Islands Investment Corporation board in order to stand for election. He ran for the seat of Akaoa in the 2010 elections, but was unsuccessful.", "Brit Award for International Breakthrough Act The Brit Award for International Breakthrough Act was an award given by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), an organisation which represents record companies and artists in the United Kingdom. The accolade used to be presented at the Brit Awards, an annual celebration of British and international music. The winners and nominees are determined by the Brit Awards voting academy with over one-thousand members, which comprise record labels, publishers, managers, agents, media, and previous winners and nominees. The award was first presented in 1988 as awards as \"International Newcomer\" which were won by Terence Trent D'Arby. In 2003 the award was renamed to \"International Breakthrough Act\". The accolade was not handed out at the 2008 and 2009 ceremonies and has been defunct as of 2013."], "answer": {"text": "David Massey and Daniel Werner from Mercury/Island Def Jam who were excited and aggressive about releasing \"Break Your Heart\" in the United States on their label.", "answer_start": 919}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is The Rokstarr about?", "answer": {"text": "Rokstarr Music London changed its name to Rokstarr Entertainment Division, abbreviated to R.E.D Inc.", "answer_start": 181, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is that the record label Taio went with?", "answer": {"text": "During 2009, he worked on his follow-up album entitled Rokstarr. It was released on 12 October through R.E.D Inc./Island Records", "answer_start": 282, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9d3d47221ad4421e9580d3f78b9b580d_1_q#3", "question": "did those two sing with Taio?", "rewrite": "did David Massey and Daniel Werner sing with Taio?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["However, according to the song's other co-writer Fraser T Smith in an interview with \"HitQuarters\", \"Break Your Heart\" was rejected by Cole's Polydor label boss Ferdy Unger-Hamilton felt it was too similar to \"Heartbreaker\" by will.i.am, the executive producer of \"3 Words\". Smith also told This Must Be Pop: \"Taio felt the lyric was a bit cocky for him to carry off \u2013 I told him he sounded great on it.\" Speaking of the song's lyrical background, Cruz told Pete Lewis of \"Blues & Soul\": \" It's about breaking a girl's heart, but in a way that's kinda not on purpose. It's more that I'm just a single guy, trying to be single and trying to remain single. And sometimes, when you are in that place, you get girls who wanna be a part of what you're about \u2013 but, because you're not really ready for a relationship, those girls can end up being heartbroken. So what I'm basically saying is 'I might just break your heart. But I'm only gonna break your heart if you come through this way right now'. \" Cruz also has called his song \"catchy\" with a \"good melody\" and \"fun topic\", stating that \"both girls and guys can get into this character\". In an interview with \"Entertainment Weekly\", Cruz elaborated and said the song was partially based on a personal situation, and rather an \"exaggeration of an experience\". The success of the song in the United Kingdom attracted the attention of David Massey and Daniel Werner from Mercury/Island Def Jam who were excited and aggressive about releasing \"Break Your Heart\" in the United States on their label.", "David Massey (music executive) David Massey is a British-born, American record executive and former artist manager. Massey currently serves as President and CEO of Arista Records in the US. Massey previously served as president of Universal Music Group's Mercury Records from 2007 until 2013, when he was named president/CEO of Universal's Island Records. Massey left Island in June 2018. Massey was born in London to Gerald Massey and Marion Massey. Marion was the manager of iconic British pop star Lulu from the singer's discovery in 1963 until the end of the 1980s, and she is known as one of the first female artist managers in the music industry. Massey's early schooling was at the Lyc\u00e9e Francais de Londres, followed by a master's degree in Law at Christ's College Cambridge University, where he was also president of the Law Society. He married Gaby Gryn in 1987 and they have two children, Adam and Clio. The family moved to New York City in January 1992, where they continue to reside. Massey began his career in the music industry in 1982 as an artist manager, firstly representing the British new wave group, Wang Chung \u2013 who signed with Geffen and enjoyed five US Top 40 singles. His client roster also included Tom Robinson, Hollywood Beyond, Siedah Garrett, and also prolific British songwriter/producers Tony Swain and Steve Jolley. In addition to artist representation, Massey also ran a small independent label and music publishing company called Big World Records. In 1991 Massey left management following the acceptance of an offer from Tommy Mottola and Michele Anthony to join Sony Entertainment as Vice-President of A&R at Epic Records, rising to Executive Vice President/General Manager of the label in 1997. During this time, he worked with Oasis, Silverchair, Shakira, Des'ree, Franz Ferdinand, among others.", "However, Emperor Yang soon restored him, and in 613, when Emperor Yang launched a second campaign against Tuyuhun, Yang Yichen again served under Yuwen in an attempt to attack Pyongyang, but when news arrived that Yang Su's son Yang Xuangan had rebelled near the eastern capital Luoyang the campaign was abandoned. Afterwards, with much of Sui territory engulfed in agrarian rebellions, Yang Yichen was sent against the rebel leader Xiang Haiming (\u5411\u6d77\u660e), who had claimed imperial title near Chang'an, and Yang Yichen defeated Xiang. In 616, Emperor Yang sent Yang Yichen against another major rebel leader, Zhang Jincheng (\u5f35\u91d1\u7a31), and Yang, after lulling Zhang into a sense of security, defeated him and forced him to flee, allowing another Sui general, Yang Shanhui (\u694a\u5584\u6703), to capture and execute Zhang. Yang Yichen then engaged another major rebel leader, Gao Shida (\u9ad8\u58eb\u9054), who had claimed the title of Duke of Donghai. Around the new year 617, Gao, going against the advice of his subordinate Dou Jiande, engaged Yang Yichen, and Yang Yichen defeated and killed Gao and nearly captured Dou. However, believing that Dou to not pose a further threat, he did not pursue Dou further. Meanwhile, Emperor Yang and the prime minister Yu Shiji had become suspicious of Yang Yichen after his victories. Emperor Yang summoned Yang Yichen to his then-location at Jiangdu (\u6c5f\u90fd, in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu) and, ostensibly promoting him, made him the minister of ceremonies, while disbanding his troops. Yang Yichen died soon afterwards.", "According to Cruz's manager Jamie Binns, the relationship with Monte Lipman at Universal Republic had \"gone a bit quiet\" by this point and as Taio wanted to be with the label that was most enthusiastic about his music, a move from Universal Republic to Mercury/Island Def Jam was engineered. Massey and Werner's belief in the single's potential within the United States and relentless promotional push they gave it helped the song reach the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 top spot. In addition to re-working his album for an American release, Cruz tapped American rapper Ludacris on a remix for the American version of \"Break Your Heart\". According to Cruz's manager Jamie Binns, Mercury Records president David Massey had suggested that to introduce Cruz to the American market, the single should feature an American rapper with chart credibility. Massey and Mercury A&R manager Daniel Werner engineered an introduction with Ludacris' manager Jeff Dixon, who then played the song to Ludacris, who loved the track and within a week his contribution was complete. On collaborating with Ludacris, Cruz said, \"With Ludacris, pretty much every track he's ever featured on sounds amazing. I gave him a quick call and asked him if he could get on the record, and he recorded it and sent it over. As I expected, there was nothing I needed to change. It sounded perfect. He put my name in there, which is great \u2013 so people know to pronounce it now properly, hopefully. \" The version featuring Ludacris was originally released digitally as the b-side to \"No Other One\" in November 2009, before in the United States in February 2010. \"Break Your Heart\" is an electropop song featuring a \"surging dance-pop\" sound, accompanied with Cruz's Auto-Tuned R&B vocals.", "Cruz was featured on Tinchy Stryder's breakout single \"Take Me Back\" which peaked at No. 3 in the UK Singles Chart. According to Cruz's official Myspace blog, as of 1 January 2009, Rokstarr Music London changed its name to Rokstarr Entertainment Division, abbreviated to R.E.D Inc. During 2009, he worked on his follow-up album entitled Rokstarr. It was released on 12 October through R.E.D Inc./Island Records and is written and produced by Cruz, with co-writes and co-productions predominantly with UK producer Fraser T Smith. The album's lead single \"Break Your Heart\" was released on 14 September and reached number one in the UK, where it stayed for three weeks. In the US it went directly from number 53 to number one, breaking the record for the largest leap of a debut single. At the 2010 Brit Awards, \"Break Your Heart\" was nominated for Best British Single. The success of the song attracted the attention of David Massey and Daniel Werner from Mercury/Island Def Jam who were excited and aggressive about releasing \"Break Your Heart\" in the United States on their label. According to Cruz's manager Jamie Binns, the relationship with Monte Lipman at Universal Republic had \"gone a bit quiet\" by this point and as Taio wanted to be with the label that was most enthusiastic about his music, a move from Universal Republic to Mercury/Island Def Jam was engineered. The single reached the top spot in the United States for one week on the Billboard Hot 100. In an interview with The Guardian, it was stated that \"Cruz was clever to have hooked up with a US rapper Ludacris on his breakthrough hit\". In order to introduce Cruz into the U.S. market, David Massey had suggested that the single feature an American rapper with chart credibility."], "answer": {"text": "and the top-ten hit \"Dirty Picture\" featuring American electropop singer Kesha.", "answer_start": 56}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is The Rokstarr about?", "answer": {"text": "Rokstarr Music London changed its name to Rokstarr Entertainment Division, abbreviated to R.E.D Inc.", "answer_start": 181, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is that the record label Taio went with?", "answer": {"text": "During 2009, he worked on his follow-up album entitled Rokstarr. It was released on 12 October through R.E.D Inc./Island Records", "answer_start": 282, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he have an international breakthrough?", "answer": {"text": "David Massey and Daniel Werner from Mercury/Island Def Jam who were excited and aggressive about releasing \"Break Your Heart\" in the United States on their label.", "answer_start": 919, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9d3d47221ad4421e9580d3f78b9b580d_1_q#4", "question": "What significant fact that you found interesting in the article?", "rewrite": "What significant fact that you found interesting in Rokstarr, international breakthrough and The Rokstarr Collection?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Dynamite (Taio Cruz song) \"Dynamite\" is a song by British recording artist Taio Cruz for the international version of his second studio album, \"Rokstarr\" (2010). Cruz co-wrote the song, along with Max Martin, Bonnie McKee, Benny Blanco, and Dr. Luke; the latter two are also the producers. The song features additional instrumentation by Cruz himself. It was released internationally as the fourth single from \"Rokstarr\". In the UK, the song was released as the first single from Cruz's compilation album, \"The Rokstarr Collection\" (2010). On 30 May 2010, it was released to US and Canadian radio stations as his second single and across Europe as his fourth single. An official remix was released featuring new label mate, Jennifer Lopez. \"Dynamite\" became Cruz's second number-one single on the UK Singles Chart and the Canadian Hot 100 as well topping charts in Belgium, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. The song reached number two on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and by January 2012 it had sold over 5.7 million copies in the U.S. and Canada, becoming the second best-selling song by a British artist in the digital era there, behind Adele's \"Rolling in the Deep\". The song \"Dynamite\" is written in the key of C# minor, with a tempo of 116 beats per minute. According to Cruz, \"The song 'Dynamite' itself is about when you go to the club and when you go to a party and when you're just going out... you got to feel like, 'I'm just gonna explode.'\" Dr. Luke and Max Martin had written the melody, and asked Bonnie McKee to write lyrics.", "The album spawned two other UK singles, \"No Other One\", and the top-ten hit \"Dirty Picture\" featuring American electropop singer Kesha. The album's fourth single (second in the United States) titled \"Dynamite\" debuted at 26 and peaked at number two on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. At the 2011 Brit Awards, \"Dynamite\" was nominated for Best British Single, and at the 2011 Billboard Music Awards the song won three Billboard Awards, including Top Hot 100 Song. Rokstarr was followed by the compilation album The Rokstarr Collection which includes songs both from Departure and the international version of Rokstarr. Cruz later released four versions of his single \"Higher\"--one featuring Kylie Minogue, one featuring Travie McCoy, one featuring both, and one with just himself. Cruz has also been featured on the soundtrack of American reality TV series Jersey Shore.", "The Rokstarr Collection The Rokstarr Collection is the first compilation album by English R&B recording artist Taio Cruz. It was released on 20 September 2010. According to Cruz's official site the album combines \"the biggest hits of Taio\u2019s debut album \u2018Departure\u2019 and recent album \u2018Rokstarr\u2019\". The album includes all of Cruz's singles from his first two studio albums, excluding \"No Other One\". The album also includes album tracks and the American version of \"Break Your Heart\", featuring Ludacris. Island Records added the video advertisement for the collection to their YouTube account on 18 August 2010. The album was also a success on the charts of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, Canadian Hot 100 and also reached the number-one spot on the Australian charts. On 26 September 2010, \"The Rokstarr Collection\" debuted at number 16 on the official UK Albums Chart, becoming Cruz's third consecutive top 20 album. Speaking to Nesta McGregor of the \"BBC Newsbeat\", Cruz admitted that releasing a greatest hits collection was \"insane\" after only having released two albums: I've been so fortunate to release so many singles. I've got six singles off the first album and another five singles off this new album, so there's definitely a lot of records that people will have heard before but not necessarily known that it was me. But they liked the song. \" \"The Rokstarr Collection\" received a mixed reception from critics. Pip from 'Entertainment Focus' gave the compilation a positive reception. Pip said \"[the compilation] brings together the biggest smashes if Taio's career in one hit-packed album.", "Take Me Back (Tinchy Stryder song) \"Take Me Back\" is a song by British rapper Tinchy Stryder, featuring vocals from Taio Cruz, it was produced by Fraser T Smith. The song features on Stryder's album \"Catch 22\" and was released as the album's second single on 19 January 2009. The music video features both Tinchy Stryder and Taio Cruz in various black and white backgrounds as well as in front of cars, large dogs and women dancing in swim costumes. Five alternative versions of the song exist. The first, main version of the single, which is the version promoted as a single, credits Stryder as the main artist and vocalist, with the hook and chorus by Cruz. This version features on the single, Stryder's second studio album, \"Catch 22\" and the British version of Cruz' second studio album, \"Rokstarr\". The second version of the song features additional rap verses from rappers Sway and Chipmunk. This version features as a B-side to the single and on the deluxe edition of \"Catch 22\". The third version of the song credits Cruz as the main artist and vocalist, with several all-new verses, and features only a short rap by Stryder at the start of the track. This version can be found on Cruz' compilation album, \"The Rokstarr Collection\". The fourth version of the song features Cruz entirely on his own, with no vocals from Stryder at all. His version can be found on the American, European and Brazilian editions of \"Rokstarr\". The fifth version of the song also completely removes Stryder, features Cruz as the main artist and vocalist, and also features guest vocals from Jamaican singer Tami Chynn.", "Cruz was featured on Tinchy Stryder's breakout single \"Take Me Back\" which peaked at No. 3 in the UK Singles Chart. According to Cruz's official Myspace blog, as of 1 January 2009, Rokstarr Music London changed its name to Rokstarr Entertainment Division, abbreviated to R.E.D Inc. During 2009, he worked on his follow-up album entitled Rokstarr. It was released on 12 October through R.E.D Inc./Island Records and is written and produced by Cruz, with co-writes and co-productions predominantly with UK producer Fraser T Smith. The album's lead single \"Break Your Heart\" was released on 14 September and reached number one in the UK, where it stayed for three weeks. In the US it went directly from number 53 to number one, breaking the record for the largest leap of a debut single. At the 2010 Brit Awards, \"Break Your Heart\" was nominated for Best British Single. The success of the song attracted the attention of David Massey and Daniel Werner from Mercury/Island Def Jam who were excited and aggressive about releasing \"Break Your Heart\" in the United States on their label. According to Cruz's manager Jamie Binns, the relationship with Monte Lipman at Universal Republic had \"gone a bit quiet\" by this point and as Taio wanted to be with the label that was most enthusiastic about his music, a move from Universal Republic to Mercury/Island Def Jam was engineered. The single reached the top spot in the United States for one week on the Billboard Hot 100. In an interview with The Guardian, it was stated that \"Cruz was clever to have hooked up with a US rapper Ludacris on his breakthrough hit\". In order to introduce Cruz into the U.S. market, David Massey had suggested that the single feature an American rapper with chart credibility."], "answer": {"text": "The single reached the top spot in the United States for one week on the Billboard Hot 100.", "answer_start": 1374}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is The Rokstarr about?", "answer": {"text": "Rokstarr Music London changed its name to Rokstarr Entertainment Division, abbreviated to R.E.D Inc.", "answer_start": 181, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is that the record label Taio went with?", "answer": {"text": "During 2009, he worked on his follow-up album entitled Rokstarr. It was released on 12 October through R.E.D Inc./Island Records", "answer_start": 282, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he have an international breakthrough?", "answer": {"text": "David Massey and Daniel Werner from Mercury/Island Def Jam who were excited and aggressive about releasing \"Break Your Heart\" in the United States on their label.", "answer_start": 919, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did those two sing with Taio?", "answer": {"text": "and the top-ten hit \"Dirty Picture\" featuring American electropop singer Kesha.", "answer_start": 56, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_9d3d47221ad4421e9580d3f78b9b580d_1_q#5", "question": "did he have any other hit singles during that time?", "rewrite": "Besides Dirty Picture did Taio have any other hit singles during 2009?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Dirty Picture \"Dirty Picture\" is a song by British R&B singer Taio Cruz, released from his second studio album, \"Rokstarr\" (2009). The song was written and produced by Cruz alongside Fraser T Smith, and later released as the album's third single on April 5, 2010. Originally, Cruz wanted the female vocals to be done by Lady Gaga but opted to switch to Kesha due to heavy influence by Dr. Luke and for finding her voice unique. The song was later re-recorded as an album bonus track for Kesha's debut album, \"Animal\" (2010), and dubbed the \"Kesha edit\" or \"Dirty Picture Pt. 2\". Lyrically, the song is about sending a dirty picture to a significant other whom you miss. Critical reception of the song was generally positive. Kesha and Cruz's collaboration and vocal work on the track were generally praised, although some critics noted that Kesha overtook the track, outshining Cruz. The song's simple but effective lyrics were also positively received by music critics. Commercially, \"Dirty Picture\" fared well on the music charts. The song peaked at number six on the UK Singles Chart, and at number ten in Ireland. The song also reached the top forty in Europe and Australia. The song's accompanying music video was filmed in Los Angeles and London and is presented as taking place in a house party. \"Dirty Picture\" was written and produced by Taio Cruz, in collaboration with Fraser T Smith. While creating the track Cruz stated that he originally had wanted American singer Lady Gaga to feature on the track alongside himself. Following a meeting with Dr. Luke, Cruz agreed to switch to then upcoming singer Kesha. Luke had been working with Kesha and Cruz found Kesha's voice to be distinctive and opted to switch to her featuring on the track.", "List of accolades received by The Dirty Picture \"The Dirty Picture\" is a 2011 Indian biographical drama film directed by Milan Luthria and produced by Shobha and Ekta Kapoor. Inspired by the lives of such actresses as Silk Smitha and Disco Shanti, the film narrates the rise and fall of a dancing girl in Tamil cinema. \" The Dirty Picture\" features Vidya Balan in the lead role, and co-stars Emraan Hashmi, Tusshar Kapoor and Naseeruddin Shah. Rajat Arora wrote the screenplay, dialogues and lyrics for the film and Vishal\u2013Shekhar composed the music. Made on a budget between and , \"The Dirty Picture\" was released worldwide on 2 December 2011, and earned . The film garnered awards and nominations in several categories, with particular praise for Vidya's performance, the dialogues, and the costume design by Niharika Khan. As of 2012, the film has won 51 awards. \"The Dirty Picture\" won three National Film Awards, including Best Actress (Vidya) and Best Costume Design (Khan). At the 57th Filmfare Awards ceremony, the film won three awards, including Best Actress and Best Costume Design. It also received nominations for Best Film and Best Director (Luthria) at the ceremony. The film also won six Screen Awards, more than any film that year, including Best Film, Best Director and Best Actress. Among other wins, the film received two Apsara Awards, and five awards each from the Zee Cine and International Indian Film Academy Awards ceremonies, all of which included Best Actress awards for Vidya.", "Raja Sen from Rediff.com gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and said \"\"The Dirty Picture\" forsakes much potential nuance in its urge to please crowds but is still far more engaging than most Bollywood produce.\" Sukanya Verma of Rediff.com gave 3 out of 5 stars, highlighting that \"In terms of creativity, it's a middling effort. But where bravado is concerned, \"The Dirty Picture\" kicks ass by virtue of three very strong reasons: Vidya Balan. Vidya Balan. Vidya Balan. \" Kunal Guha of Yahoo! India gave the movie 3 stars out of 5, and said, \"Clearly, Rajat Aroraa's winning dialogues will make you sit up and say, \"She [Balan] didn't just say that?!\" \"The Dirty Picture\" opened strong, with 60\u201365% collections on average at multiplexes and had the 5th biggest opening of 2011. The opening was best in and around the Maharashtra area, with 80% and 75% openings respectively. The film was declared a 'Blockbuster' by Box Office India after its fourth week and ended with a lifetime gross of around . On the first day, the Hindi version grossed around nett, while the Telugu version collected around . \"The Dirty Picture\" sustained well in the second week. The film grossed nett on its second Friday while nett on Saturday, with major collections coming from Maharashtra area. It collected nett on its second weekend. 25 weeks after its release, \"The Dirty Picture\" continued to have a successful run in theaters; the film celebrated its silver jubilee at Relief Cinema in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The film grossed around in India with its Hindi version grossing domestic nett. \"", "Joginder Tuteja of Bollywood Hungama gave the music an overall rating of 4 out of five saying, \"Music of The Dirty Picture takes the expected route and delivers what it promised\" and chose \"Ooh La La\" and \"Ishq Sufiyana\" as picks from the album. Sukanya Verma of Rediff.com gave the album a rating of 2 and a half out of 5, and said the opening track of \"The Dirty Picture\" is the album's only star. The film released worldwide on 2 December 2011, coinciding with the 51st birth anniversary of South Indian film siren Silk Smitha. Nationally, the film released on 1766 screens and on 120 screens abroad. The satellite rights were sold to Sony Entertainment Television for and another from music rights deal with T-Series. Raveena Tandon's husband, Anil Thadani acquired the distributor rights for . Upon release, the film received mostly positive reviews from critics. \"The Times of India\" gave 4 out of 5 stars, concluding that \"\"The Dirty Picture\" is definitely not only your film for the week, but is a seminal work that will be studied in feminist discourses.\" Komal Nahta of Koimoi.com gave 4 out of 5 stars and said, \"\"The Dirty Picture\" is a wonderful film and will do extraordinary business.\" Kaveree Bamzai of \"India Today\" gave 4 out of 5 stars and extolled Balan's performance, calling it \"riveting\". \"Dainik Bhaskar\" gave the film 3 and half stars out of 5, concluding, \"Overall, a big thumbs up to \"The Dirty Picture\", which is in its truest meaning, an entertainer. Highly recommended!\"", "Dirty Picture (disambiguation) \"Dirty Picture\" is a song by Taio Cruz. Dirty Picture may also refer to:"], "answer": {"text": "top-ten hit \"Dirty Picture\" featuring American electropop singer Kesha.", "answer_start": 64}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is The Rokstarr about?", "answer": {"text": "Rokstarr Music London changed its name to Rokstarr Entertainment Division, abbreviated to R.E.D Inc.", "answer_start": 181, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is that the record label Taio went with?", "answer": {"text": "During 2009, he worked on his follow-up album entitled Rokstarr. It was released on 12 October through R.E.D Inc./Island Records", "answer_start": 282, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he have an international breakthrough?", "answer": {"text": "David Massey and Daniel Werner from Mercury/Island Def Jam who were excited and aggressive about releasing \"Break Your Heart\" in the United States on their label.", "answer_start": 919, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did those two sing with Taio?", "answer": {"text": "and the top-ten hit \"Dirty Picture\" featuring American electropop singer Kesha.", "answer_start": 56, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What significant fact that you found interesting in the article?", "answer": {"text": "The single reached the top spot in the United States for one week on the Billboard Hot 100.", "answer_start": 1374, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9d3d47221ad4421e9580d3f78b9b580d_1_q#6", "question": "any other interesting fact you found interesting?", "rewrite": "Besides the single reaching the top spot in the United States for one week on the Billboard Hot 100 any other interesting fact you found interesting?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It reached 2 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart and won the Billboard Music Award for Best Rock Album (2014). Single \"It's Time\" became the band's first single reaching #15 Billboard Hot 100 and certified multi-platinum by the RIAA. Second single \"Radioactive\" reached #3 Billboard Hot 100 and was certified diamond by the RIAA, becoming the best selling rock song in the history of Nielsen SoundScan. Third single \"Demons\" reached #6 Billboard Hot 100 and was certified multi-platinum by the RIAA. Their album made the highest debut for a new rock band in six years (since 2006) and single Radioactive set a record for longest time atop the Billboard Hot Rock Songs chart with 23 consecutive weeks. Tracks from the album topped the Billboard Rock Songs, Billboard Alternative Songs, and Billboard Pop Songs charts. Radioactive was also nominated for two Grammy Awards, winning the Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance. Singles include \"I Bet My Life\" and \"Shots\". Sermon has chronic insomnia and will often record songs during the middle of the night, sleeping only a couple of hours a day. Sermon has described his playing style as textual. Sermon married Alexandra Hall, a ballerina and Brigham Young University graduate, in California on February 18, 2011. On July 26, 2014, Sermon and Hall welcomed their first child, a son, River James Sermon. On January 21, 2016, they welcomed their second child, another son, Wolfgang Alexander Sermon. Their third child, a girl, Sunnie Rae joined the family, Friday, October 5, 2018.", "The song initially debuted at number 15 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles for the week of September 15, 2007, and managed to jump to the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at number 71 the following week without the benefit of download sales. The following week, it rose to number 15 because of digital downloads, and reached the top spot the charting week of December 1, 2007, staying atop for five weeks, preventing Timbaland and OneRepublic's song \"Apologize\" from reaching the summit. In the week between October 22\u201325, 2007, \"No One\" gained 14.3% in radio airplay and audience impressions which marks the single at number one. It is Keys' first solo single to reach number one on the Hot 100 since her debut single \"Fallin'\" (2001) and her third single to top the chart. Additionally, \"No One\" went on to top several other \"Billboard\" charts, including the Hot 100 Airplay (for 14 weeks in a row, the longest run atop the chart since Mariah Carey's 2005 song \" We Belong Together\" spent 16 weeks at number one), the Hot R&B/ Hip-Hop Airplay, the Hot Adult R&B Airplay, the Pop 100, the Pop 100 Airplay, the Top 40 Mainstream, the Rhythmic Top 40, the Hot Digital Songs, and the Hot Digital Tracks. By June 2014, the song had sold four million copies in the United States. \" No One\" was the most listened-to song on US radio of 2008, with 3.08 billion listeners. \" Billboard\" ranked it at number 48 on the list of \"The All-Time Top 100 Songs\" in 2013 and at number 14 on the list of the \"Top Billboard Hot 100 R&B/ Hip-Hop Songs\" in 2008.", "In January 2009, Mario became the face of Pelle Pelle's European Spring/Summer campaign with various press shots running through the first part of the year. For his fourth album \"D.N.A.\", the lead single \"Break Up\" was released on April 28, 2009. The song features Sean \"The Pen\" Garrett and Gucci Mane. In the U.S., the song peaked at number 2 on the Hot R&B/ Hip-Hop Chart and 14 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Mario's most successful single in five years. The single has been certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for a shipment of over 500,000 units. \"Thinkin' About You\", was released as the second single reaching number forty-five on the Hot R&B/ Hip-Hop Chart. \"Stranded\" never labelled as the third single due to the limited airplay that it received. Lack of interest led to the single being cancelled, although in January 2010 the song entered on the Billboard Hot R&B/ Hip-Hop Songs peaking at number 84. \" Ooh Baby\" was later confirmed to be the third single from the album, it peaked on the week of March 19, 2010 debuting on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 95. The album was made available for the public to listen to on his Myspace page before its release. The album debuted at number nine on the Billboard 200, selling 38,000 copies in its first week, becoming Mario's lowest-selling debut in the United States. So far, it has sold 93,385 copies in the U.S. Mario recorded an album with producer Rico Love from 2010 to mid-2011 under the tentative title \"Restoration\".", "On the US Billboard Hot 100, \"Jenny from the Block\" debuted at number 67 for the week of October 12, 2002. By its third week on the Hot 100, the song had propelled to the top twenty, reaching number 17. For the Billboard issue dated November 23, 2002, it entered the top ten of the Hot 100, jumping to number eight. It also reached the top ten of the Hot 100 Airplay chart, at number nine. The following week, the song continued climbing the Hot 100, moving to number six, while also reaching the top five of the Hot 100 Airplay chart. By December 14, it peaked at three on the Hot 100, where it remained for three weeks, and also jumped to three on the Airplay chart. Three weeks later, on December 28, \"Jenny from the Block\" remained stalling at three on the Hot 100 and the Airplay chart. For three weeks it had been blocked from the top spot of both charts by Eminem's \"Lose Yourself\" and Missy Elliott's \"Work It\". It peaked at two on the US Mainstream Top 40 Pop Songs and 22 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. In Australia, \"Jenny from the Block\" made its debut inside the top ten at number eight on December 1, 2002. On January 5, 2003, it moved to its peak of five, where it remained for two weeks, and spent a total of sixteen weeks on the chart. The song peaked atop the Billboard Canadian Hot 100, becoming her third number-one there following \"If You Had My Love\" (1999) and \"Love Don't Cost a Thing\" (2001). In Italy, it debuted at its peak of number four on December 21, and remained on the chart for sixteen weeks, all of which it remained in the top ten for; exiting on March 6, 2003.", "She released her second studio album, \"Who Knew?\", in February 23, 2010 through Shanachie Records. The album peaked at number 131 on the Billboard 200 and number 35 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. The albums lead single \"Who Knew?\" (2010) failed to make impact on the Billboard Hot 100, however the single peaked at number thirty eight on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. She released her third studio album, \"Unbelievable\", in June 14, 2011 through Shanachie Records. The albums lead single \"Saturday Love,\" (2011) which features Ruben Studdard failed to make impact on the Billboard Hot 100, however the single peaked at number thirty one on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The singer's first EP, \"Ke'Ke'\", was released in May 6, 2014 through Aratek Entertainment. The lead single \"Fall in Love\" was released (2014) and peaked at number 120 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number seventeen on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The second single \"Lie Under You\" (2014) failed to make impact on the Billboard Hot 100 and therefore failed to chart in the United States. She released her fourth studio album, \"Rated Love\", in April 22, 2016 through Aratek Entertainment. The lead single \"Sexy Song\" was released (2015) and failed to make impact on the Billboard Hot 100, however the single peaked at number twenty six on the Hot R&B/ Hip-Hop Songs chart. The second single \"Love Me\" was released (2016) failed to make impact on the Billboard Hot 100 and therefore failed to chart in the United States."], "answer": {"text": "\"Dynamite\" debuted at 26 and peaked at number two on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.", "answer_start": 199}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is The Rokstarr about?", "answer": {"text": "Rokstarr Music London changed its name to Rokstarr Entertainment Division, abbreviated to R.E.D Inc.", "answer_start": 181, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is that the record label Taio went with?", "answer": {"text": "During 2009, he worked on his follow-up album entitled Rokstarr. It was released on 12 October through R.E.D Inc./Island Records", "answer_start": 282, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he have an international breakthrough?", "answer": {"text": "David Massey and Daniel Werner from Mercury/Island Def Jam who were excited and aggressive about releasing \"Break Your Heart\" in the United States on their label.", "answer_start": 919, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did those two sing with Taio?", "answer": {"text": "and the top-ten hit \"Dirty Picture\" featuring American electropop singer Kesha.", "answer_start": 56, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What significant fact that you found interesting in the article?", "answer": {"text": "The single reached the top spot in the United States for one week on the Billboard Hot 100.", "answer_start": 1374, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any other hit singles during that time?", "answer": {"text": "top-ten hit \"Dirty Picture\" featuring American electropop singer Kesha.", "answer_start": 64, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_0e6b9b285b4048d4babb088e33c46ea1_1_q#0", "question": "Is Pale Green Ghosts a song?", "rewrite": "Is Pale Green Ghosts a song?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Her music box compositions have been featured on numerous adverts, artist remixes and the 2012 film \"Anna Karenina\" featuring Keira Knightley. A sold out, limited edition vinyl release called \"Rebox\" through independent record label Static Caravan Recordings, featured her unique music box compositions, including covers of \"Tainted Love\" made famous by Soft Cell, New Order's \"Blue Monday\", OMD's \"Electricity\" and Cocteau Twins' \"Sugar Hiccup\". A limited edition of 300 were pressed onto 7-inch vinyl and promptly sold out. Her version of \"Tainted Love\" was used in \"American Horror Story\" trailers and in the UK an advert promoting summer storylines for ITV soap operas \"Emmerdale\" and \"Coronation Street\". \"Rebox 2 w\"as released on 20 July 2015, featuring four new music box covers and three new instrumental pieces. A reworking of \"Queen\" by Perfume Genius begins this seamless 23 minute collection, followed by \"Pale Green Ghosts\" by John Grant, \"Palace\" by Wild Beasts and \"Heaven How Long\" by East India Youth. with The Magnetic North with John Foxx and the Maths with Beyond the Wizards Sleeve with Philippe Cohen Solal and Mike Lindsay (Tunng) with The Magnetic North", "Pale Green Ghosts Pale Green Ghosts is the second solo album by former The Czars frontman John Grant, released on March 11, 2013 on the Bella Union label. \" Pale Green Ghosts\" was recorded in Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland with Icelandic electronic musician Birgir \u00de\u00f3rarinsson (a.k.a. Biggi Veira) of electro-pop group Gus Gus, and also features a range of local musicians on the album as well as Sin\u00e9ad O'Connor singing backing vocals. The title refers to the Russian olive trees that stand along the I-25 highway near Grant's family home in the small town of Parker, Colorado. The track \"Pale Green Ghosts\" includes a string arrangement inspired by the second movement of Prelude in C-sharp minor by Rachmaninoff. \"Pale Green Ghosts\" was chosen as Album of the Year 2013 by Rough Trade.", "The label won the Independent Record Company Of The Year award at the \"Music Week\" Awards, as voted by the UK independent retailers, in 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016. In 2012, for the 15th anniversary the label took over the curation of one day at End of the Road Festival. In 2014, signee John Grant was nominated for a BRIT Award. In 2015, Raymonde signed the Yorkshire-born singer Holly Macve, releasing the single \"Corner of my Mind\". In 2016, artist Father John Misty was also nominated for a BRIT Award. In 2016, following his sold out show at Royal Albert Hall, artist John Grant received a Silver disc for the album \"Pale Green Ghosts\". The label's releases are distributed by the wholly independent distributors PIAS worldwide.", "During a trip to Iceland to perform at the Airwaves Festival, Grant met Birgir Thorarinsson aka Biggi Veira of Icelandic electronic pop group GusGus. The electronic, synthesized dance sounds that Grant was looking for and experimented with in Veira's studio formed much of the backdrop to his second album Pale Green Ghosts, which Veira himself produced. Sinead O'Connor was guest vocalist on three of the tracks, including \"It Doesn't Matter To Him\". Grant was quickly and deeply touched by the people and landscape of Iceland, so much so that he now has a permanent home in Reykjavik. Pale Green Ghosts was released in March 2013, garnering more accolades for Grant. Pale Green Ghosts was Rough Trade Records Album Of The Year, and number 2 in The Guardian's Best Album of 2013. A nomination for Best Solo Artist at the Q Awards followed (with David Bowie and Laura Marling among the other nominees). A nomination for Best International Male Solo Artist at the Brit Awards in 2014 followed, and Attitude named Grant Man of The Year 2014. In 2013 Grant put his linguistic skills to effect by translating Asgeir Trausti album Dyrd i daudathogn. The English version titled In the Silence was released in October of that year. In 2014 he co-wrote No Prejudice the Icelandic entry for the Eurovision Song Contest performed by Pollaponk. In 2014 Grant guested on the 40th anniversary release of Elton John's Goodbye Yellow Brick Road, covering the song \"Sweet Painted Lady\". Always on the lookout for likely or unlikely collaborations, Grant has been keen to explore his passion for electronic and dance music, guesting on the album The Feast of The Broken Heart, by Hercules & Love Affair and released on Moshi Moshi Records.", "Pascal Khoo Thwe Pascal Khoo Thwe (born 1967) is a Burmese author from the minority Padaung people, known for his autobiographic writings about growing up in Burma under military rule. His book, \"From the Land of Green Ghosts: A Burmese Odyssey\", was awarded the Kiriyama Prize. Thwe was born in Pekon (\"Phekhon, Pekong, Pecong, P\u00e9kon\"), Shan State, Burma (Myanmar). He is the eldest of six sons and five daughters. His father died in 1996 in Thailand. By a chance encounter with Dr. John Casey, a Cambridge don, Khoo Thwe was rescued from the jungles of Burma where he and other student refugees were fighting Burmese soldiers for independence. In 1991 Khoo Thwe enrolled in Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge where he received his BA in English literature in 1995. Khoo Thwe's autobiographical book \"From the Land of Green Ghosts\" was published by Harper-Collins in 2002. He currently resides in London."], "answer": {"text": "second album Pale Green Ghosts,", "answer_start": 293}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_0e6b9b285b4048d4babb088e33c46ea1_1_q#1", "question": "What was a single from the album?", "rewrite": "What was a single from Pale Green Ghosts?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Her music box compositions have been featured on numerous adverts, artist remixes and the 2012 film \"Anna Karenina\" featuring Keira Knightley. A sold out, limited edition vinyl release called \"Rebox\" through independent record label Static Caravan Recordings, featured her unique music box compositions, including covers of \"Tainted Love\" made famous by Soft Cell, New Order's \"Blue Monday\", OMD's \"Electricity\" and Cocteau Twins' \"Sugar Hiccup\". A limited edition of 300 were pressed onto 7-inch vinyl and promptly sold out. Her version of \"Tainted Love\" was used in \"American Horror Story\" trailers and in the UK an advert promoting summer storylines for ITV soap operas \"Emmerdale\" and \"Coronation Street\". \"Rebox 2 w\"as released on 20 July 2015, featuring four new music box covers and three new instrumental pieces. A reworking of \"Queen\" by Perfume Genius begins this seamless 23 minute collection, followed by \"Pale Green Ghosts\" by John Grant, \"Palace\" by Wild Beasts and \"Heaven How Long\" by East India Youth. with The Magnetic North with John Foxx and the Maths with Beyond the Wizards Sleeve with Philippe Cohen Solal and Mike Lindsay (Tunng) with The Magnetic North", "Pascal Khoo Thwe Pascal Khoo Thwe (born 1967) is a Burmese author from the minority Padaung people, known for his autobiographic writings about growing up in Burma under military rule. His book, \"From the Land of Green Ghosts: A Burmese Odyssey\", was awarded the Kiriyama Prize. Thwe was born in Pekon (\"Phekhon, Pekong, Pecong, P\u00e9kon\"), Shan State, Burma (Myanmar). He is the eldest of six sons and five daughters. His father died in 1996 in Thailand. By a chance encounter with Dr. John Casey, a Cambridge don, Khoo Thwe was rescued from the jungles of Burma where he and other student refugees were fighting Burmese soldiers for independence. In 1991 Khoo Thwe enrolled in Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge where he received his BA in English literature in 1995. Khoo Thwe's autobiographical book \"From the Land of Green Ghosts\" was published by Harper-Collins in 2002. He currently resides in London.", "Pale Green Ghosts Pale Green Ghosts is the second solo album by former The Czars frontman John Grant, released on March 11, 2013 on the Bella Union label. \" Pale Green Ghosts\" was recorded in Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland with Icelandic electronic musician Birgir \u00de\u00f3rarinsson (a.k.a. Biggi Veira) of electro-pop group Gus Gus, and also features a range of local musicians on the album as well as Sin\u00e9ad O'Connor singing backing vocals. The title refers to the Russian olive trees that stand along the I-25 highway near Grant's family home in the small town of Parker, Colorado. The track \"Pale Green Ghosts\" includes a string arrangement inspired by the second movement of Prelude in C-sharp minor by Rachmaninoff. \"Pale Green Ghosts\" was chosen as Album of the Year 2013 by Rough Trade.", "The label won the Independent Record Company Of The Year award at the \"Music Week\" Awards, as voted by the UK independent retailers, in 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016. In 2012, for the 15th anniversary the label took over the curation of one day at End of the Road Festival. In 2014, signee John Grant was nominated for a BRIT Award. In 2015, Raymonde signed the Yorkshire-born singer Holly Macve, releasing the single \"Corner of my Mind\". In 2016, artist Father John Misty was also nominated for a BRIT Award. In 2016, following his sold out show at Royal Albert Hall, artist John Grant received a Silver disc for the album \"Pale Green Ghosts\". The label's releases are distributed by the wholly independent distributors PIAS worldwide.", "During a trip to Iceland to perform at the Airwaves Festival, Grant met Birgir Thorarinsson aka Biggi Veira of Icelandic electronic pop group GusGus. The electronic, synthesized dance sounds that Grant was looking for and experimented with in Veira's studio formed much of the backdrop to his second album Pale Green Ghosts, which Veira himself produced. Sinead O'Connor was guest vocalist on three of the tracks, including \"It Doesn't Matter To Him\". Grant was quickly and deeply touched by the people and landscape of Iceland, so much so that he now has a permanent home in Reykjavik. Pale Green Ghosts was released in March 2013, garnering more accolades for Grant. Pale Green Ghosts was Rough Trade Records Album Of The Year, and number 2 in The Guardian's Best Album of 2013. A nomination for Best Solo Artist at the Q Awards followed (with David Bowie and Laura Marling among the other nominees). A nomination for Best International Male Solo Artist at the Brit Awards in 2014 followed, and Attitude named Grant Man of The Year 2014. In 2013 Grant put his linguistic skills to effect by translating Asgeir Trausti album Dyrd i daudathogn. The English version titled In the Silence was released in October of that year. In 2014 he co-wrote No Prejudice the Icelandic entry for the Eurovision Song Contest performed by Pollaponk. In 2014 Grant guested on the 40th anniversary release of Elton John's Goodbye Yellow Brick Road, covering the song \"Sweet Painted Lady\". Always on the lookout for likely or unlikely collaborations, Grant has been keen to explore his passion for electronic and dance music, guesting on the album The Feast of The Broken Heart, by Hercules & Love Affair and released on Moshi Moshi Records."], "answer": {"text": "It Doesn't Matter To Him\".", "answer_start": 425}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Is Pale Green Ghosts a song?", "answer": {"text": "second album Pale Green Ghosts,", "answer_start": 293, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0e6b9b285b4048d4babb088e33c46ea1_1_q#2", "question": "Was this album well received?", "rewrite": "Was Pale Green Ghosts well received?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Pascal Khoo Thwe Pascal Khoo Thwe (born 1967) is a Burmese author from the minority Padaung people, known for his autobiographic writings about growing up in Burma under military rule. His book, \"From the Land of Green Ghosts: A Burmese Odyssey\", was awarded the Kiriyama Prize. Thwe was born in Pekon (\"Phekhon, Pekong, Pecong, P\u00e9kon\"), Shan State, Burma (Myanmar). He is the eldest of six sons and five daughters. His father died in 1996 in Thailand. By a chance encounter with Dr. John Casey, a Cambridge don, Khoo Thwe was rescued from the jungles of Burma where he and other student refugees were fighting Burmese soldiers for independence. In 1991 Khoo Thwe enrolled in Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge where he received his BA in English literature in 1995. Khoo Thwe's autobiographical book \"From the Land of Green Ghosts\" was published by Harper-Collins in 2002. He currently resides in London.", "Pale Green Ghosts Pale Green Ghosts is the second solo album by former The Czars frontman John Grant, released on March 11, 2013 on the Bella Union label. \" Pale Green Ghosts\" was recorded in Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland with Icelandic electronic musician Birgir \u00de\u00f3rarinsson (a.k.a. Biggi Veira) of electro-pop group Gus Gus, and also features a range of local musicians on the album as well as Sin\u00e9ad O'Connor singing backing vocals. The title refers to the Russian olive trees that stand along the I-25 highway near Grant's family home in the small town of Parker, Colorado. The track \"Pale Green Ghosts\" includes a string arrangement inspired by the second movement of Prelude in C-sharp minor by Rachmaninoff. \"Pale Green Ghosts\" was chosen as Album of the Year 2013 by Rough Trade.", "Her music box compositions have been featured on numerous adverts, artist remixes and the 2012 film \"Anna Karenina\" featuring Keira Knightley. A sold out, limited edition vinyl release called \"Rebox\" through independent record label Static Caravan Recordings, featured her unique music box compositions, including covers of \"Tainted Love\" made famous by Soft Cell, New Order's \"Blue Monday\", OMD's \"Electricity\" and Cocteau Twins' \"Sugar Hiccup\". A limited edition of 300 were pressed onto 7-inch vinyl and promptly sold out. Her version of \"Tainted Love\" was used in \"American Horror Story\" trailers and in the UK an advert promoting summer storylines for ITV soap operas \"Emmerdale\" and \"Coronation Street\". \"Rebox 2 w\"as released on 20 July 2015, featuring four new music box covers and three new instrumental pieces. A reworking of \"Queen\" by Perfume Genius begins this seamless 23 minute collection, followed by \"Pale Green Ghosts\" by John Grant, \"Palace\" by Wild Beasts and \"Heaven How Long\" by East India Youth. with The Magnetic North with John Foxx and the Maths with Beyond the Wizards Sleeve with Philippe Cohen Solal and Mike Lindsay (Tunng) with The Magnetic North", "During a trip to Iceland to perform at the Airwaves Festival, Grant met Birgir Thorarinsson aka Biggi Veira of Icelandic electronic pop group GusGus. The electronic, synthesized dance sounds that Grant was looking for and experimented with in Veira's studio formed much of the backdrop to his second album Pale Green Ghosts, which Veira himself produced. Sinead O'Connor was guest vocalist on three of the tracks, including \"It Doesn't Matter To Him\". Grant was quickly and deeply touched by the people and landscape of Iceland, so much so that he now has a permanent home in Reykjavik. Pale Green Ghosts was released in March 2013, garnering more accolades for Grant. Pale Green Ghosts was Rough Trade Records Album Of The Year, and number 2 in The Guardian's Best Album of 2013. A nomination for Best Solo Artist at the Q Awards followed (with David Bowie and Laura Marling among the other nominees). A nomination for Best International Male Solo Artist at the Brit Awards in 2014 followed, and Attitude named Grant Man of The Year 2014. In 2013 Grant put his linguistic skills to effect by translating Asgeir Trausti album Dyrd i daudathogn. The English version titled In the Silence was released in October of that year. In 2014 he co-wrote No Prejudice the Icelandic entry for the Eurovision Song Contest performed by Pollaponk. In 2014 Grant guested on the 40th anniversary release of Elton John's Goodbye Yellow Brick Road, covering the song \"Sweet Painted Lady\". Always on the lookout for likely or unlikely collaborations, Grant has been keen to explore his passion for electronic and dance music, guesting on the album The Feast of The Broken Heart, by Hercules & Love Affair and released on Moshi Moshi Records.", "The label won the Independent Record Company Of The Year award at the \"Music Week\" Awards, as voted by the UK independent retailers, in 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016. In 2012, for the 15th anniversary the label took over the curation of one day at End of the Road Festival. In 2014, signee John Grant was nominated for a BRIT Award. In 2015, Raymonde signed the Yorkshire-born singer Holly Macve, releasing the single \"Corner of my Mind\". In 2016, artist Father John Misty was also nominated for a BRIT Award. In 2016, following his sold out show at Royal Albert Hall, artist John Grant received a Silver disc for the album \"Pale Green Ghosts\". The label's releases are distributed by the wholly independent distributors PIAS worldwide."], "answer": {"text": "Pale Green Ghosts was Rough Trade Records Album Of The Year, and number 2 in The Guardian's Best Album of 2013.", "answer_start": 669}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Pale Green Ghosts a song?", "answer": {"text": "second album Pale Green Ghosts,", "answer_start": 293, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a single from the album?", "answer": {"text": "It Doesn't Matter To Him\".", "answer_start": 425, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0e6b9b285b4048d4babb088e33c46ea1_1_q#3", "question": "Did any guests appear on the album?", "rewrite": "Did any guests appear on Pale Green Ghosts?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Pascal Khoo Thwe Pascal Khoo Thwe (born 1967) is a Burmese author from the minority Padaung people, known for his autobiographic writings about growing up in Burma under military rule. His book, \"From the Land of Green Ghosts: A Burmese Odyssey\", was awarded the Kiriyama Prize. Thwe was born in Pekon (\"Phekhon, Pekong, Pecong, P\u00e9kon\"), Shan State, Burma (Myanmar). He is the eldest of six sons and five daughters. His father died in 1996 in Thailand. By a chance encounter with Dr. John Casey, a Cambridge don, Khoo Thwe was rescued from the jungles of Burma where he and other student refugees were fighting Burmese soldiers for independence. In 1991 Khoo Thwe enrolled in Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge where he received his BA in English literature in 1995. Khoo Thwe's autobiographical book \"From the Land of Green Ghosts\" was published by Harper-Collins in 2002. He currently resides in London.", "During a trip to Iceland to perform at the Airwaves Festival, Grant met Birgir Thorarinsson aka Biggi Veira of Icelandic electronic pop group GusGus. The electronic, synthesized dance sounds that Grant was looking for and experimented with in Veira's studio formed much of the backdrop to his second album Pale Green Ghosts, which Veira himself produced. Sinead O'Connor was guest vocalist on three of the tracks, including \"It Doesn't Matter To Him\". Grant was quickly and deeply touched by the people and landscape of Iceland, so much so that he now has a permanent home in Reykjavik. Pale Green Ghosts was released in March 2013, garnering more accolades for Grant. Pale Green Ghosts was Rough Trade Records Album Of The Year, and number 2 in The Guardian's Best Album of 2013. A nomination for Best Solo Artist at the Q Awards followed (with David Bowie and Laura Marling among the other nominees). A nomination for Best International Male Solo Artist at the Brit Awards in 2014 followed, and Attitude named Grant Man of The Year 2014. In 2013 Grant put his linguistic skills to effect by translating Asgeir Trausti album Dyrd i daudathogn. The English version titled In the Silence was released in October of that year. In 2014 he co-wrote No Prejudice the Icelandic entry for the Eurovision Song Contest performed by Pollaponk. In 2014 Grant guested on the 40th anniversary release of Elton John's Goodbye Yellow Brick Road, covering the song \"Sweet Painted Lady\". Always on the lookout for likely or unlikely collaborations, Grant has been keen to explore his passion for electronic and dance music, guesting on the album The Feast of The Broken Heart, by Hercules & Love Affair and released on Moshi Moshi Records.", "Her music box compositions have been featured on numerous adverts, artist remixes and the 2012 film \"Anna Karenina\" featuring Keira Knightley. A sold out, limited edition vinyl release called \"Rebox\" through independent record label Static Caravan Recordings, featured her unique music box compositions, including covers of \"Tainted Love\" made famous by Soft Cell, New Order's \"Blue Monday\", OMD's \"Electricity\" and Cocteau Twins' \"Sugar Hiccup\". A limited edition of 300 were pressed onto 7-inch vinyl and promptly sold out. Her version of \"Tainted Love\" was used in \"American Horror Story\" trailers and in the UK an advert promoting summer storylines for ITV soap operas \"Emmerdale\" and \"Coronation Street\". \"Rebox 2 w\"as released on 20 July 2015, featuring four new music box covers and three new instrumental pieces. A reworking of \"Queen\" by Perfume Genius begins this seamless 23 minute collection, followed by \"Pale Green Ghosts\" by John Grant, \"Palace\" by Wild Beasts and \"Heaven How Long\" by East India Youth. with The Magnetic North with John Foxx and the Maths with Beyond the Wizards Sleeve with Philippe Cohen Solal and Mike Lindsay (Tunng) with The Magnetic North", "Pale Green Ghosts Pale Green Ghosts is the second solo album by former The Czars frontman John Grant, released on March 11, 2013 on the Bella Union label. \" Pale Green Ghosts\" was recorded in Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland with Icelandic electronic musician Birgir \u00de\u00f3rarinsson (a.k.a. Biggi Veira) of electro-pop group Gus Gus, and also features a range of local musicians on the album as well as Sin\u00e9ad O'Connor singing backing vocals. The title refers to the Russian olive trees that stand along the I-25 highway near Grant's family home in the small town of Parker, Colorado. The track \"Pale Green Ghosts\" includes a string arrangement inspired by the second movement of Prelude in C-sharp minor by Rachmaninoff. \"Pale Green Ghosts\" was chosen as Album of the Year 2013 by Rough Trade.", "The label won the Independent Record Company Of The Year award at the \"Music Week\" Awards, as voted by the UK independent retailers, in 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016. In 2012, for the 15th anniversary the label took over the curation of one day at End of the Road Festival. In 2014, signee John Grant was nominated for a BRIT Award. In 2015, Raymonde signed the Yorkshire-born singer Holly Macve, releasing the single \"Corner of my Mind\". In 2016, artist Father John Misty was also nominated for a BRIT Award. In 2016, following his sold out show at Royal Albert Hall, artist John Grant received a Silver disc for the album \"Pale Green Ghosts\". The label's releases are distributed by the wholly independent distributors PIAS worldwide."], "answer": {"text": "Sinead O'Connor", "answer_start": 355}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Pale Green Ghosts a song?", "answer": {"text": "second album Pale Green Ghosts,", "answer_start": 293, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a single from the album?", "answer": {"text": "It Doesn't Matter To Him\".", "answer_start": 425, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this album well received?", "answer": {"text": "Pale Green Ghosts was Rough Trade Records Album Of The Year, and number 2 in The Guardian's Best Album of 2013.", "answer_start": 669, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0e6b9b285b4048d4babb088e33c46ea1_1_q#5", "question": "Was there a tour for the album?", "rewrite": "Was there a tour for Pale Green Ghosts?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["During a trip to Iceland to perform at the Airwaves Festival, Grant met Birgir Thorarinsson aka Biggi Veira of Icelandic electronic pop group GusGus. The electronic, synthesized dance sounds that Grant was looking for and experimented with in Veira's studio formed much of the backdrop to his second album Pale Green Ghosts, which Veira himself produced. Sinead O'Connor was guest vocalist on three of the tracks, including \"It Doesn't Matter To Him\". Grant was quickly and deeply touched by the people and landscape of Iceland, so much so that he now has a permanent home in Reykjavik. Pale Green Ghosts was released in March 2013, garnering more accolades for Grant. Pale Green Ghosts was Rough Trade Records Album Of The Year, and number 2 in The Guardian's Best Album of 2013. A nomination for Best Solo Artist at the Q Awards followed (with David Bowie and Laura Marling among the other nominees). A nomination for Best International Male Solo Artist at the Brit Awards in 2014 followed, and Attitude named Grant Man of The Year 2014. In 2013 Grant put his linguistic skills to effect by translating Asgeir Trausti album Dyrd i daudathogn. The English version titled In the Silence was released in October of that year. In 2014 he co-wrote No Prejudice the Icelandic entry for the Eurovision Song Contest performed by Pollaponk. In 2014 Grant guested on the 40th anniversary release of Elton John's Goodbye Yellow Brick Road, covering the song \"Sweet Painted Lady\". Always on the lookout for likely or unlikely collaborations, Grant has been keen to explore his passion for electronic and dance music, guesting on the album The Feast of The Broken Heart, by Hercules & Love Affair and released on Moshi Moshi Records.", "Her music box compositions have been featured on numerous adverts, artist remixes and the 2012 film \"Anna Karenina\" featuring Keira Knightley. A sold out, limited edition vinyl release called \"Rebox\" through independent record label Static Caravan Recordings, featured her unique music box compositions, including covers of \"Tainted Love\" made famous by Soft Cell, New Order's \"Blue Monday\", OMD's \"Electricity\" and Cocteau Twins' \"Sugar Hiccup\". A limited edition of 300 were pressed onto 7-inch vinyl and promptly sold out. Her version of \"Tainted Love\" was used in \"American Horror Story\" trailers and in the UK an advert promoting summer storylines for ITV soap operas \"Emmerdale\" and \"Coronation Street\". \"Rebox 2 w\"as released on 20 July 2015, featuring four new music box covers and three new instrumental pieces. A reworking of \"Queen\" by Perfume Genius begins this seamless 23 minute collection, followed by \"Pale Green Ghosts\" by John Grant, \"Palace\" by Wild Beasts and \"Heaven How Long\" by East India Youth. with The Magnetic North with John Foxx and the Maths with Beyond the Wizards Sleeve with Philippe Cohen Solal and Mike Lindsay (Tunng) with The Magnetic North", "Pascal Khoo Thwe Pascal Khoo Thwe (born 1967) is a Burmese author from the minority Padaung people, known for his autobiographic writings about growing up in Burma under military rule. His book, \"From the Land of Green Ghosts: A Burmese Odyssey\", was awarded the Kiriyama Prize. Thwe was born in Pekon (\"Phekhon, Pekong, Pecong, P\u00e9kon\"), Shan State, Burma (Myanmar). He is the eldest of six sons and five daughters. His father died in 1996 in Thailand. By a chance encounter with Dr. John Casey, a Cambridge don, Khoo Thwe was rescued from the jungles of Burma where he and other student refugees were fighting Burmese soldiers for independence. In 1991 Khoo Thwe enrolled in Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge where he received his BA in English literature in 1995. Khoo Thwe's autobiographical book \"From the Land of Green Ghosts\" was published by Harper-Collins in 2002. He currently resides in London.", "The label won the Independent Record Company Of The Year award at the \"Music Week\" Awards, as voted by the UK independent retailers, in 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016. In 2012, for the 15th anniversary the label took over the curation of one day at End of the Road Festival. In 2014, signee John Grant was nominated for a BRIT Award. In 2015, Raymonde signed the Yorkshire-born singer Holly Macve, releasing the single \"Corner of my Mind\". In 2016, artist Father John Misty was also nominated for a BRIT Award. In 2016, following his sold out show at Royal Albert Hall, artist John Grant received a Silver disc for the album \"Pale Green Ghosts\". The label's releases are distributed by the wholly independent distributors PIAS worldwide.", "Pale Green Ghosts Pale Green Ghosts is the second solo album by former The Czars frontman John Grant, released on March 11, 2013 on the Bella Union label. \" Pale Green Ghosts\" was recorded in Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland with Icelandic electronic musician Birgir \u00de\u00f3rarinsson (a.k.a. Biggi Veira) of electro-pop group Gus Gus, and also features a range of local musicians on the album as well as Sin\u00e9ad O'Connor singing backing vocals. The title refers to the Russian olive trees that stand along the I-25 highway near Grant's family home in the small town of Parker, Colorado. The track \"Pale Green Ghosts\" includes a string arrangement inspired by the second movement of Prelude in C-sharp minor by Rachmaninoff. \"Pale Green Ghosts\" was chosen as Album of the Year 2013 by Rough Trade."], "answer": {"text": "This was released as an album: John Grant And The BBC Philharmonic Orchestra: Live In Concert. Grant concluded 2014 with rave reviews following his UK concert hall tour", "answer_start": 273}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Pale Green Ghosts a song?", "answer": {"text": "second album Pale Green Ghosts,", "answer_start": 293, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a single from the album?", "answer": {"text": "It Doesn't Matter To Him\".", "answer_start": 425, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this album well received?", "answer": {"text": "Pale Green Ghosts was Rough Trade Records Album Of The Year, and number 2 in The Guardian's Best Album of 2013.", "answer_start": 669, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did any guests appear on the album?", "answer": {"text": "Sinead O'Connor", "answer_start": 355, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they friends?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0e6b9b285b4048d4babb088e33c46ea1_1_q#7", "question": "Did the album receive any other accolades?", "rewrite": "Besides rave reviews following his UK concert hall tour did Pale Green Ghosts receive any other accolades?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Hall Tour 2014: Bon Voyage Hall Tour 2014: Bon Voyage (stylized as \"Hall Tour 2014 ~Bon Voyage~\"), is Koda Kumi's thirteenth concert video and coincides with her album \"Bon Voyage\". It reached #3 on the Oricon DVD charts and stayed on the charts for 8 weeks. It was her first tour since \"Secret First Class Limited Live\" to not carry the prelude of \"Live Tour,\" this time carrying \"Hall Tour.\" \"Hall Tour 2014 ~Bon Voyage~\" is the thirteenth concert video by Japanese singer-songwriter Koda Kumi, and corresponded to her 2014 studio album \"Bon Voyage.\" Keeping in line with her previous concert video releases, the DVD debuted at #1 on the Oricon DVD/Blu-ray Charts; however, it dropped in ranking to take #3 for the week, remaining on the charts for eight consecutive weeks. It became her first concert tour to not carry the title \"live tour\" in the title since her 2005 concert \"Secret First Class Limited Live.\" The tour was released in two editions, 2DVD and Blu-ray. The second DVD featured the live of the song \"Money In My Bag\" performed at the Kobe Kokusai Hall in Ch\u016b\u014d-ku on August 2, 2014, the background video footage used for the performance of \"Crank Tha Bass\" and a behind-the-scenes document reel of the tour. All three tracks were available on the single disc of the Blu-ray. While most of the track listing for the concert consisted of songs from \"Bon Voyage\", several songs from other albums also made an appearance, including \"Rock Your Body\" from \"feel my mind\", \"Koi no Tsubomi\" from \"Black Cherry\" and \"Butterfly\" from \".\"", "In the first half of 2014, Grant joined British group Elbow on the North American leg of their tour. In October 2014, accompanied by the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra, Grant recorded tracks from his first two albums for a concert on BBC Radio 6 Music arranged by Fiona Brice. This was released as an album: John Grant And The BBC Philharmonic Orchestra: Live In Concert. Grant concluded 2014 with rave reviews following his UK concert hall tour with the Royal Northern Sinfonia. ClashMusic.com wrote that the concert \"could honestly be one of the greatest gigs of all time at London's Royal Festival Hall\".", "Five Stars (Myname album) Five Stars is the second Japanese studio album by South Korean idol group Myname. It was released on March 26, 2014, under YM3D. A pop record, \"Shirayuki\" was released as the first single from the album. Leading up to the album, \"F.F.Y.\" and \"Your Answer\" were made available on online music stores. \"Five Stars\" was released in seven editions: Regular Edition, Limited Edition, and five online editions. It went on to debut at number five on Japan's national Oricon Albums Chart. By the end of its chart run, the album sold over 36,000 copies domestically. The group embarked on three legs of the Myname Live House Tour 2014 \"Wow!\", in addition to the Myname Japan 2nd Hall Tour 2014. \"Shirayuki\" was released as the first single from the album on November 20, 2013. It peaked at number seven on the Japan's national Oricon Singles Chart, charting for three weeks and selling over 28,000 copies domestically. In midst of the Myname Japan Hall Tour 2014 \"Hands Up\" concert on January 12, 2014 , the group announced the release of \"Five Stars\" scheduled for March 26. Preceding its release, \"F.F.Y.\" and \"Your Answer\" were made available on online music stores on March 12. A pop record, \"Five Stars\" was released in seven editions: Regular Edition; Limited Edition with bonus DVD content that includes the music videos for \"Shirayuki\" and \"F.F.Y.\", as well as the making film for the latter, and a live movie from the Myname Japan Hall Tour 2014 \"Hands Up\" concert at NHK Hall; a five online editions with a cover for each member.", "Pale Green Ghosts Pale Green Ghosts is the second solo album by former The Czars frontman John Grant, released on March 11, 2013 on the Bella Union label. \" Pale Green Ghosts\" was recorded in Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland with Icelandic electronic musician Birgir \u00de\u00f3rarinsson (a.k.a. Biggi Veira) of electro-pop group Gus Gus, and also features a range of local musicians on the album as well as Sin\u00e9ad O'Connor singing backing vocals. The title refers to the Russian olive trees that stand along the I-25 highway near Grant's family home in the small town of Parker, Colorado. The track \"Pale Green Ghosts\" includes a string arrangement inspired by the second movement of Prelude in C-sharp minor by Rachmaninoff. \"Pale Green Ghosts\" was chosen as Album of the Year 2013 by Rough Trade.", "During a trip to Iceland to perform at the Airwaves Festival, Grant met Birgir Thorarinsson aka Biggi Veira of Icelandic electronic pop group GusGus. The electronic, synthesized dance sounds that Grant was looking for and experimented with in Veira's studio formed much of the backdrop to his second album Pale Green Ghosts, which Veira himself produced. Sinead O'Connor was guest vocalist on three of the tracks, including \"It Doesn't Matter To Him\". Grant was quickly and deeply touched by the people and landscape of Iceland, so much so that he now has a permanent home in Reykjavik. Pale Green Ghosts was released in March 2013, garnering more accolades for Grant. Pale Green Ghosts was Rough Trade Records Album Of The Year, and number 2 in The Guardian's Best Album of 2013. A nomination for Best Solo Artist at the Q Awards followed (with David Bowie and Laura Marling among the other nominees). A nomination for Best International Male Solo Artist at the Brit Awards in 2014 followed, and Attitude named Grant Man of The Year 2014. In 2013 Grant put his linguistic skills to effect by translating Asgeir Trausti album Dyrd i daudathogn. The English version titled In the Silence was released in October of that year. In 2014 he co-wrote No Prejudice the Icelandic entry for the Eurovision Song Contest performed by Pollaponk. In 2014 Grant guested on the 40th anniversary release of Elton John's Goodbye Yellow Brick Road, covering the song \"Sweet Painted Lady\". Always on the lookout for likely or unlikely collaborations, Grant has been keen to explore his passion for electronic and dance music, guesting on the album The Feast of The Broken Heart, by Hercules & Love Affair and released on Moshi Moshi Records."], "answer": {"text": "rave reviews", "answer_start": 394}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Pale Green Ghosts a song?", "answer": {"text": "second album Pale Green Ghosts,", "answer_start": 293, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a single from the album?", "answer": {"text": "It Doesn't Matter To Him\".", "answer_start": 425, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this album well received?", "answer": {"text": "Pale Green Ghosts was Rough Trade Records Album Of The Year, and number 2 in The Guardian's Best Album of 2013.", "answer_start": 669, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did any guests appear on the album?", "answer": {"text": "Sinead O'Connor", "answer_start": 355, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they friends?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there a tour for the album?", "answer": {"text": "This was released as an album: John Grant And The BBC Philharmonic Orchestra: Live In Concert. Grant concluded 2014 with rave reviews following his UK concert hall tour", "answer_start": 273, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Where did the name of the album come from?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0e6b9b285b4048d4babb088e33c46ea1_1_q#8", "question": "Anything else I should know about the album?", "rewrite": "In addition to Pale Green Ghosts was Rough Trade Records Album Of The Year, and number 2 in The Guardian's Best Album of 2013 anything else I should know about Pale Green Ghosts?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The label won the Independent Record Company Of The Year award at the \"Music Week\" Awards, as voted by the UK independent retailers, in 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016. In 2012, for the 15th anniversary the label took over the curation of one day at End of the Road Festival. In 2014, signee John Grant was nominated for a BRIT Award. In 2015, Raymonde signed the Yorkshire-born singer Holly Macve, releasing the single \"Corner of my Mind\". In 2016, artist Father John Misty was also nominated for a BRIT Award. In 2016, following his sold out show at Royal Albert Hall, artist John Grant received a Silver disc for the album \"Pale Green Ghosts\". The label's releases are distributed by the wholly independent distributors PIAS worldwide.", "Pale Green Ghosts Pale Green Ghosts is the second solo album by former The Czars frontman John Grant, released on March 11, 2013 on the Bella Union label. \" Pale Green Ghosts\" was recorded in Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland with Icelandic electronic musician Birgir \u00de\u00f3rarinsson (a.k.a. Biggi Veira) of electro-pop group Gus Gus, and also features a range of local musicians on the album as well as Sin\u00e9ad O'Connor singing backing vocals. The title refers to the Russian olive trees that stand along the I-25 highway near Grant's family home in the small town of Parker, Colorado. The track \"Pale Green Ghosts\" includes a string arrangement inspired by the second movement of Prelude in C-sharp minor by Rachmaninoff. \"Pale Green Ghosts\" was chosen as Album of the Year 2013 by Rough Trade.", "Pascal Khoo Thwe Pascal Khoo Thwe (born 1967) is a Burmese author from the minority Padaung people, known for his autobiographic writings about growing up in Burma under military rule. His book, \"From the Land of Green Ghosts: A Burmese Odyssey\", was awarded the Kiriyama Prize. Thwe was born in Pekon (\"Phekhon, Pekong, Pecong, P\u00e9kon\"), Shan State, Burma (Myanmar). He is the eldest of six sons and five daughters. His father died in 1996 in Thailand. By a chance encounter with Dr. John Casey, a Cambridge don, Khoo Thwe was rescued from the jungles of Burma where he and other student refugees were fighting Burmese soldiers for independence. In 1991 Khoo Thwe enrolled in Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge where he received his BA in English literature in 1995. Khoo Thwe's autobiographical book \"From the Land of Green Ghosts\" was published by Harper-Collins in 2002. He currently resides in London.", "Her music box compositions have been featured on numerous adverts, artist remixes and the 2012 film \"Anna Karenina\" featuring Keira Knightley. A sold out, limited edition vinyl release called \"Rebox\" through independent record label Static Caravan Recordings, featured her unique music box compositions, including covers of \"Tainted Love\" made famous by Soft Cell, New Order's \"Blue Monday\", OMD's \"Electricity\" and Cocteau Twins' \"Sugar Hiccup\". A limited edition of 300 were pressed onto 7-inch vinyl and promptly sold out. Her version of \"Tainted Love\" was used in \"American Horror Story\" trailers and in the UK an advert promoting summer storylines for ITV soap operas \"Emmerdale\" and \"Coronation Street\". \"Rebox 2 w\"as released on 20 July 2015, featuring four new music box covers and three new instrumental pieces. A reworking of \"Queen\" by Perfume Genius begins this seamless 23 minute collection, followed by \"Pale Green Ghosts\" by John Grant, \"Palace\" by Wild Beasts and \"Heaven How Long\" by East India Youth. with The Magnetic North with John Foxx and the Maths with Beyond the Wizards Sleeve with Philippe Cohen Solal and Mike Lindsay (Tunng) with The Magnetic North", "During a trip to Iceland to perform at the Airwaves Festival, Grant met Birgir Thorarinsson aka Biggi Veira of Icelandic electronic pop group GusGus. The electronic, synthesized dance sounds that Grant was looking for and experimented with in Veira's studio formed much of the backdrop to his second album Pale Green Ghosts, which Veira himself produced. Sinead O'Connor was guest vocalist on three of the tracks, including \"It Doesn't Matter To Him\". Grant was quickly and deeply touched by the people and landscape of Iceland, so much so that he now has a permanent home in Reykjavik. Pale Green Ghosts was released in March 2013, garnering more accolades for Grant. Pale Green Ghosts was Rough Trade Records Album Of The Year, and number 2 in The Guardian's Best Album of 2013. A nomination for Best Solo Artist at the Q Awards followed (with David Bowie and Laura Marling among the other nominees). A nomination for Best International Male Solo Artist at the Brit Awards in 2014 followed, and Attitude named Grant Man of The Year 2014. In 2013 Grant put his linguistic skills to effect by translating Asgeir Trausti album Dyrd i daudathogn. The English version titled In the Silence was released in October of that year. In 2014 he co-wrote No Prejudice the Icelandic entry for the Eurovision Song Contest performed by Pollaponk. In 2014 Grant guested on the 40th anniversary release of Elton John's Goodbye Yellow Brick Road, covering the song \"Sweet Painted Lady\". Always on the lookout for likely or unlikely collaborations, Grant has been keen to explore his passion for electronic and dance music, guesting on the album The Feast of The Broken Heart, by Hercules & Love Affair and released on Moshi Moshi Records."], "answer": {"text": "could honestly be one of the greatest gigs of all time at London's Royal Festival Hall\".", "answer_start": 515}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Pale Green Ghosts a song?", "answer": {"text": "second album Pale Green Ghosts,", "answer_start": 293, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a single from the album?", "answer": {"text": "It Doesn't Matter To Him\".", "answer_start": 425, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this album well received?", "answer": {"text": "Pale Green Ghosts was Rough Trade Records Album Of The Year, and number 2 in The Guardian's Best Album of 2013.", "answer_start": 669, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did any guests appear on the album?", "answer": {"text": "Sinead O'Connor", "answer_start": 355, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they friends?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there a tour for the album?", "answer": {"text": "This was released as an album: John Grant And The BBC Philharmonic Orchestra: Live In Concert. Grant concluded 2014 with rave reviews following his UK concert hall tour", "answer_start": 273, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Where did the name of the album come from?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the album receive any other accolades?", "answer": {"text": "rave reviews", "answer_start": 394, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_d371eefad2f3490597dc801c08d01e56_1_q#0", "question": "What team signed Yogi Berra?", "rewrite": "What team signed Yogi Berra?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In early 2016, as a further honor for its deceased namesake, the Jackals changed this to 8 Yogi Berra Drive. Despite the popularity of the stadium in the summer months, since its construction Yogi Berra Stadium has been plagued with problems involving stadium accessibility. The stadium is located at the very top of an access road to the campus that was recently renamed for Berra and is now known as Yogi Berra Drive, which originates in neighboring Clifton on Valley Road and is only one-way going toward the stadium. The campus' two other entrances, on Normal Avenue in Montclair and Clove Road in Little Falls, both require fans to drive through portions of the campus to reach the stadium. The Normal Avenue entrance is on the opposite side of the campus and forces fans to drive down an extension of College Avenue, pass by the Panzer Athletic Center, Kasser Theater, admissions building, parking deck, and university police station to Carlisle Road, which runs into Quarry Road where the Clove Road campus entrance leads to and continues to the stadium. In addition, due to the Yogi Berra Drive ramp being closed to two way traffic, the only way to exit following games is to either take Clove Road, which leads to Route 46, or drive back across campus on Carlisle Road and exit via Normal Avenue. In addition, there is no public transportation that directly serves the stadium. New Jersey Transit buses and DeCamp Bus Lines service the parking deck, known as Red Hawk Deck, on the other side of campus and fans choosing to take the bus to the game can either walk from Red Hawk Deck across campus to the stadium or take one of the campus' shuttle buses which serve the shared parking lots the stadium uses. In addition, Montclair State's train station is located behind the stadium and is accessible via a walking path and staircase which puts fans within steps of the stadium gate.", "Distant relative: Arno River dog The Jackals play at Yogi Berra Stadium, which is located on the Little Falls side of the Montclair State University campus and named for Hall of Fame ex-Yankee catcher Yogi Berra, a longtime Montclair resident. Also located at the stadium site is the Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center, a baseball-themed educational attraction which also contains a stadium luxury box. The luxury box is used only by major league scouts and had been used by Berra for his annual visits to the ballpark where he signed autographs for the fans. The New Jersey Jackals have retired five jersey numbers since their inception. The Jackals and Rockland Boulders became geographic rivals once the Boulders were founded, as the Boulders are the Jackals' closest geographic rivals. The teams play approximately thirty minutes (35 miles) away from each other and will often have series that are split between both Palisades Credit Union Park and Yogi Berra Stadium. The rivalry is called the Parkway Series due to the proximity of both teams to major state parkways; Palisades Credit Union Park is located off of Exit 12 of the Palisades Interstate Parkway while Yogi Berra Stadium is accessible by highway connections available at either Exit 153B or Exit 154 of the Garden State Parkway depending on direction. Jackals All time regular season record vs. Rockland- 97 W, 76 L The Jackals have carried on a rivalry with Les Capitales de Quebec since the latter squad's inception. The teams' rivalry intensified with their recent string of playoff matchups. The Jackals have played the Capitales more than any other rival. They have squared off in the postseason five times in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015. Jackals All time regular season record vs. Quebec- 122 W, 130 L", "Yogi Berra Stadium Yogi Berra Stadium is a baseball stadium in Little Falls, New Jersey, on the campus of Montclair State University. The stadium is home to the New Jersey Jackals of the independent Frontier League; the Montclair State Red Hawks baseball team, which competes in NCAA Division III; and the Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center, which adjoins the stadium on its first base side. Yogi Berra Stadium has a capacity of 5,000 persons with permanent seating of 3,784 people and lawn seating which holds an additional 1,500. It is capable of holding overflow crowds with standing room and grass seating available in right field. These tickets are sold only in the event of an anticipated large crowd, such as on holidays or fireworks nights. Construction of the stadium was done in conjunction with another venue on the Montclair State campus. Floyd Hall, a resident of Montclair who was then serving as chief executive officer of Kmart, donated money to the university in order to build an ice arena, which is known as Floyd Hall Arena and is a multi-use facility that several of the area's high school hockey teams call home, and a new baseball stadium for Montclair State's team to replace their previous venue, Pittser Field. Around this time the Northeast League, an independent minor baseball league, was looking for a team to replace the Bangor Blue Ox, which had folded. Hall bought into the league shortly thereafter and founded the Jackals, who were promptly given use of the new stadium once it was able to open. It was decided to name the stadium after Hall of Fame New York Yankees catcher Yogi Berra, who called Montclair home during his playing days and managerial career with the Yankees and their crosstown rivals, the New York Mets.", "Dale Berra Dale Anthony Berra (born December 13, 1956) is an American former Major League Baseball player who primarily played as an infielder from to . He is the son of Hall of Fame catcher Yogi Berra and brother of former Baltimore Colts return specialist Tim Berra. Dale was named after Dale Mitchell, who had made the final out in Don Larsen's perfect game two months earlier, when he took a called third strike that was caught by Yogi. Berra was a highly sought prospect upon his graduation from Montclair High School in Montclair, New Jersey. He was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates with the twentieth overall pick in the 1975 Major League Baseball draft, and made his major league debut on August 22, 1977 at the age of twenty. Berra was a member of the 1979 World Series champion Pirates, though he did not receive an at-bat in the post season. A third baseman in the minor leagues, Berra earned playing time at third, second and shortstop his first five seasons in the majors before being handed the starting shortstop job in . That season, he enjoyed career highs in batting average (.263), hits (139), runs scored (64) and runs batted in (61). In 1983, he set the record for reaching base on catcher's interference with seven. Yogi Berra was named manager of the Yankees prior to the start of the season. Following the season, the Yankees acquired the younger Berra, along with Jay Buhner and Alfonso Pulido for Steve Kemp and Tim Foli, whom Berra had replaced as the Pirates starting shortstop. Dale became the first son to play for his father in the major leagues since Earle Mack appeared in a total of 125 games for the Philadelphia Athletics in and under Connie Mack. Dale was batting .343 until his father was fired sixteen games into the season and replaced by Billy Martin.", "Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center The Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center is a museum on the campus of Montclair State University in Little Falls, New Jersey. It serves to honor the career of Yogi Berra, who played for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball and was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. The museum, which contains artifacts from Berra's career, opened on December 4, 1998. It is adjacent to Yogi Berra Stadium. \"The Friends of Yogi Inc.\", a nonprofit organization, raised $2 million through donations to build the museum to honor Yogi Berra, who played his entire Major League Baseball career for the New York Yankees. John McMullen, the owner of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League, was among the museum's benefactors. The museum was built adjacent to Yogi Berra Stadium, which hosts the New Jersey Jackals, a Minor League Baseball team in the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball, and the Montclair State Red Hawks baseball team. The museum was dedicated in October 1998, with fellow Baseball Hall of Famers Ted Williams and Larry Doby in attendance. It opened to the public on December 4. In 2010, IKON 5 Architects redesigned the museum, and Brian Hanlon sculpted a statue of Berra to go in front of the museum. Berra had feuded with Yankees' owner George Steinbrenner since Steinbrenner fired him 16 games into the 1985 season. Berra refused to be involved in Yankees events, including Yankees games. In January 1999, Berra and Steinbrenner resolved their feud with a public event at the Yogi Berra Museum. Berra frequently visited the museum for signings, discussions, and other events."], "answer": {"text": "Berra was called up to the Yankees and played his first game on September 22, 1946;", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d371eefad2f3490597dc801c08d01e56_1_q#1", "question": "How long was he there?", "rewrite": "How long was Yogi Berra with the Yankees?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Dale Berra Dale Anthony Berra (born December 13, 1956) is an American former Major League Baseball player who primarily played as an infielder from to . He is the son of Hall of Fame catcher Yogi Berra and brother of former Baltimore Colts return specialist Tim Berra. Dale was named after Dale Mitchell, who had made the final out in Don Larsen's perfect game two months earlier, when he took a called third strike that was caught by Yogi. Berra was a highly sought prospect upon his graduation from Montclair High School in Montclair, New Jersey. He was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates with the twentieth overall pick in the 1975 Major League Baseball draft, and made his major league debut on August 22, 1977 at the age of twenty. Berra was a member of the 1979 World Series champion Pirates, though he did not receive an at-bat in the post season. A third baseman in the minor leagues, Berra earned playing time at third, second and shortstop his first five seasons in the majors before being handed the starting shortstop job in . That season, he enjoyed career highs in batting average (.263), hits (139), runs scored (64) and runs batted in (61). In 1983, he set the record for reaching base on catcher's interference with seven. Yogi Berra was named manager of the Yankees prior to the start of the season. Following the season, the Yankees acquired the younger Berra, along with Jay Buhner and Alfonso Pulido for Steve Kemp and Tim Foli, whom Berra had replaced as the Pirates starting shortstop. Dale became the first son to play for his father in the major leagues since Earle Mack appeared in a total of 125 games for the Philadelphia Athletics in and under Connie Mack. Dale was batting .343 until his father was fired sixteen games into the season and replaced by Billy Martin.", "Distant relative: Arno River dog The Jackals play at Yogi Berra Stadium, which is located on the Little Falls side of the Montclair State University campus and named for Hall of Fame ex-Yankee catcher Yogi Berra, a longtime Montclair resident. Also located at the stadium site is the Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center, a baseball-themed educational attraction which also contains a stadium luxury box. The luxury box is used only by major league scouts and had been used by Berra for his annual visits to the ballpark where he signed autographs for the fans. The New Jersey Jackals have retired five jersey numbers since their inception. The Jackals and Rockland Boulders became geographic rivals once the Boulders were founded, as the Boulders are the Jackals' closest geographic rivals. The teams play approximately thirty minutes (35 miles) away from each other and will often have series that are split between both Palisades Credit Union Park and Yogi Berra Stadium. The rivalry is called the Parkway Series due to the proximity of both teams to major state parkways; Palisades Credit Union Park is located off of Exit 12 of the Palisades Interstate Parkway while Yogi Berra Stadium is accessible by highway connections available at either Exit 153B or Exit 154 of the Garden State Parkway depending on direction. Jackals All time regular season record vs. Rockland- 97 W, 76 L The Jackals have carried on a rivalry with Les Capitales de Quebec since the latter squad's inception. The teams' rivalry intensified with their recent string of playoff matchups. The Jackals have played the Capitales more than any other rival. They have squared off in the postseason five times in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015. Jackals All time regular season record vs. Quebec- 122 W, 130 L", "Yogi Berra Stadium Yogi Berra Stadium is a baseball stadium in Little Falls, New Jersey, on the campus of Montclair State University. The stadium is home to the New Jersey Jackals of the independent Frontier League; the Montclair State Red Hawks baseball team, which competes in NCAA Division III; and the Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center, which adjoins the stadium on its first base side. Yogi Berra Stadium has a capacity of 5,000 persons with permanent seating of 3,784 people and lawn seating which holds an additional 1,500. It is capable of holding overflow crowds with standing room and grass seating available in right field. These tickets are sold only in the event of an anticipated large crowd, such as on holidays or fireworks nights. Construction of the stadium was done in conjunction with another venue on the Montclair State campus. Floyd Hall, a resident of Montclair who was then serving as chief executive officer of Kmart, donated money to the university in order to build an ice arena, which is known as Floyd Hall Arena and is a multi-use facility that several of the area's high school hockey teams call home, and a new baseball stadium for Montclair State's team to replace their previous venue, Pittser Field. Around this time the Northeast League, an independent minor baseball league, was looking for a team to replace the Bangor Blue Ox, which had folded. Hall bought into the league shortly thereafter and founded the Jackals, who were promptly given use of the new stadium once it was able to open. It was decided to name the stadium after Hall of Fame New York Yankees catcher Yogi Berra, who called Montclair home during his playing days and managerial career with the Yankees and their crosstown rivals, the New York Mets.", "Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center The Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center is a museum on the campus of Montclair State University in Little Falls, New Jersey. It serves to honor the career of Yogi Berra, who played for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball and was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. The museum, which contains artifacts from Berra's career, opened on December 4, 1998. It is adjacent to Yogi Berra Stadium. \"The Friends of Yogi Inc.\", a nonprofit organization, raised $2 million through donations to build the museum to honor Yogi Berra, who played his entire Major League Baseball career for the New York Yankees. John McMullen, the owner of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League, was among the museum's benefactors. The museum was built adjacent to Yogi Berra Stadium, which hosts the New Jersey Jackals, a Minor League Baseball team in the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball, and the Montclair State Red Hawks baseball team. The museum was dedicated in October 1998, with fellow Baseball Hall of Famers Ted Williams and Larry Doby in attendance. It opened to the public on December 4. In 2010, IKON 5 Architects redesigned the museum, and Brian Hanlon sculpted a statue of Berra to go in front of the museum. Berra had feuded with Yankees' owner George Steinbrenner since Steinbrenner fired him 16 games into the 1985 season. Berra refused to be involved in Yankees events, including Yankees games. In January 1999, Berra and Steinbrenner resolved their feud with a public event at the Yogi Berra Museum. Berra frequently visited the museum for signings, discussions, and other events.", "The show begins in 1977, the day after Reggie Jackson and Billy Martin engaged in a near-brawl during a game. Berra attempts to bring Jackson and Martin back together, with the help of other Yankees stars. In the first scene, Berra brings Martin and Jackson, with team captain Thurman Munson, to his hotel room to settle their argument. Berra spends the night with his wife discussing the problem. Berra then has a dream where he and his wife have dinner with Yankees' greats Joe DiMaggio, Elston Howard, Mickey Mantle, Lou Gehrig, Babe Ruth, and Derek Jeter. Peter Scolari and Tracy Shayne star as Yogi Berra and his wife, Carmen. Scolari and Shayne were married in 2013. Richard Topol and Wendy Makkena played Yogi and Carmen Berra in the Off-Broadway production. Joe Pantoliano was cast in the role of Yogi Berra for the Broadway production, but he dropped out during rehearsals due to \"creative differences\". The play features cameos of other famous Yankees. In both the Off-Broadway and Broadway productions, C. J. Wilson plays Ruth, Christopher Jackson plays Jeter, Francois Battiste plays both Jackson and Howard, Chris Henry Coffey plays DiMaggio, Bill Dawes plays Mantle and Munson, Keith Nobbs plays Martin, and John Wernke plays Gehrig."], "answer": {"text": "he played 7 games that season and 83 games in 1947. He played in more than a hundred games in each of the following fourteen years.", "answer_start": 84}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What team signed Yogi Berra?", "answer": {"text": "Berra was called up to the Yankees and played his first game on September 22, 1946;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d371eefad2f3490597dc801c08d01e56_1_q#3", "question": "What was his best game?", "rewrite": "What was Yogi Berra's best game?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Dale Berra Dale Anthony Berra (born December 13, 1956) is an American former Major League Baseball player who primarily played as an infielder from to . He is the son of Hall of Fame catcher Yogi Berra and brother of former Baltimore Colts return specialist Tim Berra. Dale was named after Dale Mitchell, who had made the final out in Don Larsen's perfect game two months earlier, when he took a called third strike that was caught by Yogi. Berra was a highly sought prospect upon his graduation from Montclair High School in Montclair, New Jersey. He was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates with the twentieth overall pick in the 1975 Major League Baseball draft, and made his major league debut on August 22, 1977 at the age of twenty. Berra was a member of the 1979 World Series champion Pirates, though he did not receive an at-bat in the post season. A third baseman in the minor leagues, Berra earned playing time at third, second and shortstop his first five seasons in the majors before being handed the starting shortstop job in . That season, he enjoyed career highs in batting average (.263), hits (139), runs scored (64) and runs batted in (61). In 1983, he set the record for reaching base on catcher's interference with seven. Yogi Berra was named manager of the Yankees prior to the start of the season. Following the season, the Yankees acquired the younger Berra, along with Jay Buhner and Alfonso Pulido for Steve Kemp and Tim Foli, whom Berra had replaced as the Pirates starting shortstop. Dale became the first son to play for his father in the major leagues since Earle Mack appeared in a total of 125 games for the Philadelphia Athletics in and under Connie Mack. Dale was batting .343 until his father was fired sixteen games into the season and replaced by Billy Martin.", "Yogi Berra Stadium Yogi Berra Stadium is a baseball stadium in Little Falls, New Jersey, on the campus of Montclair State University. The stadium is home to the New Jersey Jackals of the independent Frontier League; the Montclair State Red Hawks baseball team, which competes in NCAA Division III; and the Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center, which adjoins the stadium on its first base side. Yogi Berra Stadium has a capacity of 5,000 persons with permanent seating of 3,784 people and lawn seating which holds an additional 1,500. It is capable of holding overflow crowds with standing room and grass seating available in right field. These tickets are sold only in the event of an anticipated large crowd, such as on holidays or fireworks nights. Construction of the stadium was done in conjunction with another venue on the Montclair State campus. Floyd Hall, a resident of Montclair who was then serving as chief executive officer of Kmart, donated money to the university in order to build an ice arena, which is known as Floyd Hall Arena and is a multi-use facility that several of the area's high school hockey teams call home, and a new baseball stadium for Montclair State's team to replace their previous venue, Pittser Field. Around this time the Northeast League, an independent minor baseball league, was looking for a team to replace the Bangor Blue Ox, which had folded. Hall bought into the league shortly thereafter and founded the Jackals, who were promptly given use of the new stadium once it was able to open. It was decided to name the stadium after Hall of Fame New York Yankees catcher Yogi Berra, who called Montclair home during his playing days and managerial career with the Yankees and their crosstown rivals, the New York Mets.", "Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center The Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center is a museum on the campus of Montclair State University in Little Falls, New Jersey. It serves to honor the career of Yogi Berra, who played for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball and was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. The museum, which contains artifacts from Berra's career, opened on December 4, 1998. It is adjacent to Yogi Berra Stadium. \"The Friends of Yogi Inc.\", a nonprofit organization, raised $2 million through donations to build the museum to honor Yogi Berra, who played his entire Major League Baseball career for the New York Yankees. John McMullen, the owner of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League, was among the museum's benefactors. The museum was built adjacent to Yogi Berra Stadium, which hosts the New Jersey Jackals, a Minor League Baseball team in the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball, and the Montclair State Red Hawks baseball team. The museum was dedicated in October 1998, with fellow Baseball Hall of Famers Ted Williams and Larry Doby in attendance. It opened to the public on December 4. In 2010, IKON 5 Architects redesigned the museum, and Brian Hanlon sculpted a statue of Berra to go in front of the museum. Berra had feuded with Yankees' owner George Steinbrenner since Steinbrenner fired him 16 games into the 1985 season. Berra refused to be involved in Yankees events, including Yankees games. In January 1999, Berra and Steinbrenner resolved their feud with a public event at the Yogi Berra Museum. Berra frequently visited the museum for signings, discussions, and other events.", "Distant relative: Arno River dog The Jackals play at Yogi Berra Stadium, which is located on the Little Falls side of the Montclair State University campus and named for Hall of Fame ex-Yankee catcher Yogi Berra, a longtime Montclair resident. Also located at the stadium site is the Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center, a baseball-themed educational attraction which also contains a stadium luxury box. The luxury box is used only by major league scouts and had been used by Berra for his annual visits to the ballpark where he signed autographs for the fans. The New Jersey Jackals have retired five jersey numbers since their inception. The Jackals and Rockland Boulders became geographic rivals once the Boulders were founded, as the Boulders are the Jackals' closest geographic rivals. The teams play approximately thirty minutes (35 miles) away from each other and will often have series that are split between both Palisades Credit Union Park and Yogi Berra Stadium. The rivalry is called the Parkway Series due to the proximity of both teams to major state parkways; Palisades Credit Union Park is located off of Exit 12 of the Palisades Interstate Parkway while Yogi Berra Stadium is accessible by highway connections available at either Exit 153B or Exit 154 of the Garden State Parkway depending on direction. Jackals All time regular season record vs. Rockland- 97 W, 76 L The Jackals have carried on a rivalry with Les Capitales de Quebec since the latter squad's inception. The teams' rivalry intensified with their recent string of playoff matchups. The Jackals have played the Capitales more than any other rival. They have squared off in the postseason five times in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015. Jackals All time regular season record vs. Quebec- 122 W, 130 L", "In early 2016, as a further honor for its deceased namesake, the Jackals changed this to 8 Yogi Berra Drive. Despite the popularity of the stadium in the summer months, since its construction Yogi Berra Stadium has been plagued with problems involving stadium accessibility. The stadium is located at the very top of an access road to the campus that was recently renamed for Berra and is now known as Yogi Berra Drive, which originates in neighboring Clifton on Valley Road and is only one-way going toward the stadium. The campus' two other entrances, on Normal Avenue in Montclair and Clove Road in Little Falls, both require fans to drive through portions of the campus to reach the stadium. The Normal Avenue entrance is on the opposite side of the campus and forces fans to drive down an extension of College Avenue, pass by the Panzer Athletic Center, Kasser Theater, admissions building, parking deck, and university police station to Carlisle Road, which runs into Quarry Road where the Clove Road campus entrance leads to and continues to the stadium. In addition, due to the Yogi Berra Drive ramp being closed to two way traffic, the only way to exit following games is to either take Clove Road, which leads to Route 46, or drive back across campus on Carlisle Road and exit via Normal Avenue. In addition, there is no public transportation that directly serves the stadium. New Jersey Transit buses and DeCamp Bus Lines service the parking deck, known as Red Hawk Deck, on the other side of campus and fans choosing to take the bus to the game can either walk from Red Hawk Deck across campus to the stadium or take one of the campus' shuttle buses which serve the shared parking lots the stadium uses. In addition, Montclair State's train station is located behind the stadium and is accessible via a walking path and staircase which puts fans within steps of the stadium gate."], "answer": {"text": "One of the most notable games of Berra's playing career came when he caught Don Larsen's perfect game in the 1956 World Series,", "answer_start": 1404}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What team signed Yogi Berra?", "answer": {"text": "Berra was called up to the Yankees and played his first game on September 22, 1946;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was he there?", "answer": {"text": "he played 7 games that season and 83 games in 1947. He played in more than a hundred games in each of the following fourteen years.", "answer_start": 84, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do in 1948?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d371eefad2f3490597dc801c08d01e56_1_q#4", "question": "Were there any more highlights to his career?", "rewrite": "Were there any more highlights to Yogi Berra's career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In early 2016, as a further honor for its deceased namesake, the Jackals changed this to 8 Yogi Berra Drive. Despite the popularity of the stadium in the summer months, since its construction Yogi Berra Stadium has been plagued with problems involving stadium accessibility. The stadium is located at the very top of an access road to the campus that was recently renamed for Berra and is now known as Yogi Berra Drive, which originates in neighboring Clifton on Valley Road and is only one-way going toward the stadium. The campus' two other entrances, on Normal Avenue in Montclair and Clove Road in Little Falls, both require fans to drive through portions of the campus to reach the stadium. The Normal Avenue entrance is on the opposite side of the campus and forces fans to drive down an extension of College Avenue, pass by the Panzer Athletic Center, Kasser Theater, admissions building, parking deck, and university police station to Carlisle Road, which runs into Quarry Road where the Clove Road campus entrance leads to and continues to the stadium. In addition, due to the Yogi Berra Drive ramp being closed to two way traffic, the only way to exit following games is to either take Clove Road, which leads to Route 46, or drive back across campus on Carlisle Road and exit via Normal Avenue. In addition, there is no public transportation that directly serves the stadium. New Jersey Transit buses and DeCamp Bus Lines service the parking deck, known as Red Hawk Deck, on the other side of campus and fans choosing to take the bus to the game can either walk from Red Hawk Deck across campus to the stadium or take one of the campus' shuttle buses which serve the shared parking lots the stadium uses. In addition, Montclair State's train station is located behind the stadium and is accessible via a walking path and staircase which puts fans within steps of the stadium gate.", "Distant relative: Arno River dog The Jackals play at Yogi Berra Stadium, which is located on the Little Falls side of the Montclair State University campus and named for Hall of Fame ex-Yankee catcher Yogi Berra, a longtime Montclair resident. Also located at the stadium site is the Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center, a baseball-themed educational attraction which also contains a stadium luxury box. The luxury box is used only by major league scouts and had been used by Berra for his annual visits to the ballpark where he signed autographs for the fans. The New Jersey Jackals have retired five jersey numbers since their inception. The Jackals and Rockland Boulders became geographic rivals once the Boulders were founded, as the Boulders are the Jackals' closest geographic rivals. The teams play approximately thirty minutes (35 miles) away from each other and will often have series that are split between both Palisades Credit Union Park and Yogi Berra Stadium. The rivalry is called the Parkway Series due to the proximity of both teams to major state parkways; Palisades Credit Union Park is located off of Exit 12 of the Palisades Interstate Parkway while Yogi Berra Stadium is accessible by highway connections available at either Exit 153B or Exit 154 of the Garden State Parkway depending on direction. Jackals All time regular season record vs. Rockland- 97 W, 76 L The Jackals have carried on a rivalry with Les Capitales de Quebec since the latter squad's inception. The teams' rivalry intensified with their recent string of playoff matchups. The Jackals have played the Capitales more than any other rival. They have squared off in the postseason five times in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015. Jackals All time regular season record vs. Quebec- 122 W, 130 L", "Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center The Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center is a museum on the campus of Montclair State University in Little Falls, New Jersey. It serves to honor the career of Yogi Berra, who played for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball and was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. The museum, which contains artifacts from Berra's career, opened on December 4, 1998. It is adjacent to Yogi Berra Stadium. \"The Friends of Yogi Inc.\", a nonprofit organization, raised $2 million through donations to build the museum to honor Yogi Berra, who played his entire Major League Baseball career for the New York Yankees. John McMullen, the owner of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League, was among the museum's benefactors. The museum was built adjacent to Yogi Berra Stadium, which hosts the New Jersey Jackals, a Minor League Baseball team in the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball, and the Montclair State Red Hawks baseball team. The museum was dedicated in October 1998, with fellow Baseball Hall of Famers Ted Williams and Larry Doby in attendance. It opened to the public on December 4. In 2010, IKON 5 Architects redesigned the museum, and Brian Hanlon sculpted a statue of Berra to go in front of the museum. Berra had feuded with Yankees' owner George Steinbrenner since Steinbrenner fired him 16 games into the 1985 season. Berra refused to be involved in Yankees events, including Yankees games. In January 1999, Berra and Steinbrenner resolved their feud with a public event at the Yogi Berra Museum. Berra frequently visited the museum for signings, discussions, and other events.", "Yogi Berra Stadium Yogi Berra Stadium is a baseball stadium in Little Falls, New Jersey, on the campus of Montclair State University. The stadium is home to the New Jersey Jackals of the independent Frontier League; the Montclair State Red Hawks baseball team, which competes in NCAA Division III; and the Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center, which adjoins the stadium on its first base side. Yogi Berra Stadium has a capacity of 5,000 persons with permanent seating of 3,784 people and lawn seating which holds an additional 1,500. It is capable of holding overflow crowds with standing room and grass seating available in right field. These tickets are sold only in the event of an anticipated large crowd, such as on holidays or fireworks nights. Construction of the stadium was done in conjunction with another venue on the Montclair State campus. Floyd Hall, a resident of Montclair who was then serving as chief executive officer of Kmart, donated money to the university in order to build an ice arena, which is known as Floyd Hall Arena and is a multi-use facility that several of the area's high school hockey teams call home, and a new baseball stadium for Montclair State's team to replace their previous venue, Pittser Field. Around this time the Northeast League, an independent minor baseball league, was looking for a team to replace the Bangor Blue Ox, which had folded. Hall bought into the league shortly thereafter and founded the Jackals, who were promptly given use of the new stadium once it was able to open. It was decided to name the stadium after Hall of Fame New York Yankees catcher Yogi Berra, who called Montclair home during his playing days and managerial career with the Yankees and their crosstown rivals, the New York Mets.", "Dale Berra Dale Anthony Berra (born December 13, 1956) is an American former Major League Baseball player who primarily played as an infielder from to . He is the son of Hall of Fame catcher Yogi Berra and brother of former Baltimore Colts return specialist Tim Berra. Dale was named after Dale Mitchell, who had made the final out in Don Larsen's perfect game two months earlier, when he took a called third strike that was caught by Yogi. Berra was a highly sought prospect upon his graduation from Montclair High School in Montclair, New Jersey. He was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates with the twentieth overall pick in the 1975 Major League Baseball draft, and made his major league debut on August 22, 1977 at the age of twenty. Berra was a member of the 1979 World Series champion Pirates, though he did not receive an at-bat in the post season. A third baseman in the minor leagues, Berra earned playing time at third, second and shortstop his first five seasons in the majors before being handed the starting shortstop job in . That season, he enjoyed career highs in batting average (.263), hits (139), runs scored (64) and runs batted in (61). In 1983, he set the record for reaching base on catcher's interference with seven. Yogi Berra was named manager of the Yankees prior to the start of the season. Following the season, the Yankees acquired the younger Berra, along with Jay Buhner and Alfonso Pulido for Steve Kemp and Tim Foli, whom Berra had replaced as the Pirates starting shortstop. Dale became the first son to play for his father in the major leagues since Earle Mack appeared in a total of 125 games for the Philadelphia Athletics in and under Connie Mack. Dale was batting .343 until his father was fired sixteen games into the season and replaced by Billy Martin."], "answer": {"text": "Berra never finished lower than fourth in the MVP voting from 1950 to 1957.", "answer_start": 1018}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What team signed Yogi Berra?", "answer": {"text": "Berra was called up to the Yankees and played his first game on September 22, 1946;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was he there?", "answer": {"text": "he played 7 games that season and 83 games in 1947. He played in more than a hundred games in each of the following fourteen years.", "answer_start": 84, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do in 1948?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his best game?", "answer": {"text": "One of the most notable games of Berra's playing career came when he caught Don Larsen's perfect game in the 1956 World Series,", "answer_start": 1404, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d371eefad2f3490597dc801c08d01e56_1_q#5", "question": "What else happened from 1950-1957?", "rewrite": "Aside from Yogi Berra never finishing lower than fourth in the MVP voting from 1950 to 1957, what else happened from 1950-1957?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Distant relative: Arno River dog The Jackals play at Yogi Berra Stadium, which is located on the Little Falls side of the Montclair State University campus and named for Hall of Fame ex-Yankee catcher Yogi Berra, a longtime Montclair resident. Also located at the stadium site is the Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center, a baseball-themed educational attraction which also contains a stadium luxury box. The luxury box is used only by major league scouts and had been used by Berra for his annual visits to the ballpark where he signed autographs for the fans. The New Jersey Jackals have retired five jersey numbers since their inception. The Jackals and Rockland Boulders became geographic rivals once the Boulders were founded, as the Boulders are the Jackals' closest geographic rivals. The teams play approximately thirty minutes (35 miles) away from each other and will often have series that are split between both Palisades Credit Union Park and Yogi Berra Stadium. The rivalry is called the Parkway Series due to the proximity of both teams to major state parkways; Palisades Credit Union Park is located off of Exit 12 of the Palisades Interstate Parkway while Yogi Berra Stadium is accessible by highway connections available at either Exit 153B or Exit 154 of the Garden State Parkway depending on direction. Jackals All time regular season record vs. Rockland- 97 W, 76 L The Jackals have carried on a rivalry with Les Capitales de Quebec since the latter squad's inception. The teams' rivalry intensified with their recent string of playoff matchups. The Jackals have played the Capitales more than any other rival. They have squared off in the postseason five times in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015. Jackals All time regular season record vs. Quebec- 122 W, 130 L", "Berra was called up to the Yankees and played his first game on September 22, 1946; he played 7 games that season and 83 games in 1947. He played in more than a hundred games in each of the following fourteen years. Berra appeared in fourteen World Series, including 10 World Series championships, both of which are records. In part because Berra's playing career coincided with the Yankees' most consistent period of World Series participation, he established Series records for the most games (75), at bats (259), hits (71), doubles (10), singles (49), games caught (63), and catcher putouts (457). In Game 3 of the 1947 World Series, Berra hit the first pinch-hit home run in World Series history, off Brooklyn Dodgers pitcher Ralph Branca (who later gave up Bobby Thomson's famous Shot Heard 'Round the World in 1951). Berra was an All-Star for 15 seasons, and was selected to 18 All-Star Games (MLB held two All-Star Games in 1959 through 1962). He won the American League (AL) MVP award in 1951, 1954, and 1955; Berra never finished lower than fourth in the MVP voting from 1950 to 1957. He received MVP votes in fifteen consecutive seasons, tied with Barry Bonds and second only to Hank Aaron's nineteen straight seasons with MVP support. From 1949 to 1955, on a team filled with stars such as Mickey Mantle and Joe DiMaggio, it was Berra who led the Yankees in RBI for seven consecutive seasons. One of the most notable games of Berra's playing career came when he caught Don Larsen's perfect game in the 1956 World Series, the first of only two no-hitters ever thrown in MLB postseason play.", "Yogi Berra Stadium Yogi Berra Stadium is a baseball stadium in Little Falls, New Jersey, on the campus of Montclair State University. The stadium is home to the New Jersey Jackals of the independent Frontier League; the Montclair State Red Hawks baseball team, which competes in NCAA Division III; and the Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center, which adjoins the stadium on its first base side. Yogi Berra Stadium has a capacity of 5,000 persons with permanent seating of 3,784 people and lawn seating which holds an additional 1,500. It is capable of holding overflow crowds with standing room and grass seating available in right field. These tickets are sold only in the event of an anticipated large crowd, such as on holidays or fireworks nights. Construction of the stadium was done in conjunction with another venue on the Montclair State campus. Floyd Hall, a resident of Montclair who was then serving as chief executive officer of Kmart, donated money to the university in order to build an ice arena, which is known as Floyd Hall Arena and is a multi-use facility that several of the area's high school hockey teams call home, and a new baseball stadium for Montclair State's team to replace their previous venue, Pittser Field. Around this time the Northeast League, an independent minor baseball league, was looking for a team to replace the Bangor Blue Ox, which had folded. Hall bought into the league shortly thereafter and founded the Jackals, who were promptly given use of the new stadium once it was able to open. It was decided to name the stadium after Hall of Fame New York Yankees catcher Yogi Berra, who called Montclair home during his playing days and managerial career with the Yankees and their crosstown rivals, the New York Mets.", "In early 2016, as a further honor for its deceased namesake, the Jackals changed this to 8 Yogi Berra Drive. Despite the popularity of the stadium in the summer months, since its construction Yogi Berra Stadium has been plagued with problems involving stadium accessibility. The stadium is located at the very top of an access road to the campus that was recently renamed for Berra and is now known as Yogi Berra Drive, which originates in neighboring Clifton on Valley Road and is only one-way going toward the stadium. The campus' two other entrances, on Normal Avenue in Montclair and Clove Road in Little Falls, both require fans to drive through portions of the campus to reach the stadium. The Normal Avenue entrance is on the opposite side of the campus and forces fans to drive down an extension of College Avenue, pass by the Panzer Athletic Center, Kasser Theater, admissions building, parking deck, and university police station to Carlisle Road, which runs into Quarry Road where the Clove Road campus entrance leads to and continues to the stadium. In addition, due to the Yogi Berra Drive ramp being closed to two way traffic, the only way to exit following games is to either take Clove Road, which leads to Route 46, or drive back across campus on Carlisle Road and exit via Normal Avenue. In addition, there is no public transportation that directly serves the stadium. New Jersey Transit buses and DeCamp Bus Lines service the parking deck, known as Red Hawk Deck, on the other side of campus and fans choosing to take the bus to the game can either walk from Red Hawk Deck across campus to the stadium or take one of the campus' shuttle buses which serve the shared parking lots the stadium uses. In addition, Montclair State's train station is located behind the stadium and is accessible via a walking path and staircase which puts fans within steps of the stadium gate.", "Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center The Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center is a museum on the campus of Montclair State University in Little Falls, New Jersey. It serves to honor the career of Yogi Berra, who played for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball and was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. The museum, which contains artifacts from Berra's career, opened on December 4, 1998. It is adjacent to Yogi Berra Stadium. \"The Friends of Yogi Inc.\", a nonprofit organization, raised $2 million through donations to build the museum to honor Yogi Berra, who played his entire Major League Baseball career for the New York Yankees. John McMullen, the owner of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League, was among the museum's benefactors. The museum was built adjacent to Yogi Berra Stadium, which hosts the New Jersey Jackals, a Minor League Baseball team in the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball, and the Montclair State Red Hawks baseball team. The museum was dedicated in October 1998, with fellow Baseball Hall of Famers Ted Williams and Larry Doby in attendance. It opened to the public on December 4. In 2010, IKON 5 Architects redesigned the museum, and Brian Hanlon sculpted a statue of Berra to go in front of the museum. Berra had feuded with Yankees' owner George Steinbrenner since Steinbrenner fired him 16 games into the 1985 season. Berra refused to be involved in Yankees events, including Yankees games. In January 1999, Berra and Steinbrenner resolved their feud with a public event at the Yogi Berra Museum. Berra frequently visited the museum for signings, discussions, and other events."], "answer": {"text": "He won the American League (AL) MVP award in 1951, 1954, and 1955;", "answer_start": 951}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What team signed Yogi Berra?", "answer": {"text": "Berra was called up to the Yankees and played his first game on September 22, 1946;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was he there?", "answer": {"text": "he played 7 games that season and 83 games in 1947. He played in more than a hundred games in each of the following fourteen years.", "answer_start": 84, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do in 1948?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his best game?", "answer": {"text": "One of the most notable games of Berra's playing career came when he caught Don Larsen's perfect game in the 1956 World Series,", "answer_start": 1404, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any more highlights to his career?", "answer": {"text": "Berra never finished lower than fourth in the MVP voting from 1950 to 1957.", "answer_start": 1018, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d371eefad2f3490597dc801c08d01e56_1_q#6", "question": "Did he win any other awards?", "rewrite": "Did Yogi Berra win any other awards, aside from the American League (AL) MVP award in 1951, 1954, and 1955?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Dale Berra Dale Anthony Berra (born December 13, 1956) is an American former Major League Baseball player who primarily played as an infielder from to . He is the son of Hall of Fame catcher Yogi Berra and brother of former Baltimore Colts return specialist Tim Berra. Dale was named after Dale Mitchell, who had made the final out in Don Larsen's perfect game two months earlier, when he took a called third strike that was caught by Yogi. Berra was a highly sought prospect upon his graduation from Montclair High School in Montclair, New Jersey. He was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates with the twentieth overall pick in the 1975 Major League Baseball draft, and made his major league debut on August 22, 1977 at the age of twenty. Berra was a member of the 1979 World Series champion Pirates, though he did not receive an at-bat in the post season. A third baseman in the minor leagues, Berra earned playing time at third, second and shortstop his first five seasons in the majors before being handed the starting shortstop job in . That season, he enjoyed career highs in batting average (.263), hits (139), runs scored (64) and runs batted in (61). In 1983, he set the record for reaching base on catcher's interference with seven. Yogi Berra was named manager of the Yankees prior to the start of the season. Following the season, the Yankees acquired the younger Berra, along with Jay Buhner and Alfonso Pulido for Steve Kemp and Tim Foli, whom Berra had replaced as the Pirates starting shortstop. Dale became the first son to play for his father in the major leagues since Earle Mack appeared in a total of 125 games for the Philadelphia Athletics in and under Connie Mack. Dale was batting .343 until his father was fired sixteen games into the season and replaced by Billy Martin.", "Yogi Berra Stadium Yogi Berra Stadium is a baseball stadium in Little Falls, New Jersey, on the campus of Montclair State University. The stadium is home to the New Jersey Jackals of the independent Frontier League; the Montclair State Red Hawks baseball team, which competes in NCAA Division III; and the Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center, which adjoins the stadium on its first base side. Yogi Berra Stadium has a capacity of 5,000 persons with permanent seating of 3,784 people and lawn seating which holds an additional 1,500. It is capable of holding overflow crowds with standing room and grass seating available in right field. These tickets are sold only in the event of an anticipated large crowd, such as on holidays or fireworks nights. Construction of the stadium was done in conjunction with another venue on the Montclair State campus. Floyd Hall, a resident of Montclair who was then serving as chief executive officer of Kmart, donated money to the university in order to build an ice arena, which is known as Floyd Hall Arena and is a multi-use facility that several of the area's high school hockey teams call home, and a new baseball stadium for Montclair State's team to replace their previous venue, Pittser Field. Around this time the Northeast League, an independent minor baseball league, was looking for a team to replace the Bangor Blue Ox, which had folded. Hall bought into the league shortly thereafter and founded the Jackals, who were promptly given use of the new stadium once it was able to open. It was decided to name the stadium after Hall of Fame New York Yankees catcher Yogi Berra, who called Montclair home during his playing days and managerial career with the Yankees and their crosstown rivals, the New York Mets.", "Distant relative: Arno River dog The Jackals play at Yogi Berra Stadium, which is located on the Little Falls side of the Montclair State University campus and named for Hall of Fame ex-Yankee catcher Yogi Berra, a longtime Montclair resident. Also located at the stadium site is the Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center, a baseball-themed educational attraction which also contains a stadium luxury box. The luxury box is used only by major league scouts and had been used by Berra for his annual visits to the ballpark where he signed autographs for the fans. The New Jersey Jackals have retired five jersey numbers since their inception. The Jackals and Rockland Boulders became geographic rivals once the Boulders were founded, as the Boulders are the Jackals' closest geographic rivals. The teams play approximately thirty minutes (35 miles) away from each other and will often have series that are split between both Palisades Credit Union Park and Yogi Berra Stadium. The rivalry is called the Parkway Series due to the proximity of both teams to major state parkways; Palisades Credit Union Park is located off of Exit 12 of the Palisades Interstate Parkway while Yogi Berra Stadium is accessible by highway connections available at either Exit 153B or Exit 154 of the Garden State Parkway depending on direction. Jackals All time regular season record vs. Rockland- 97 W, 76 L The Jackals have carried on a rivalry with Les Capitales de Quebec since the latter squad's inception. The teams' rivalry intensified with their recent string of playoff matchups. The Jackals have played the Capitales more than any other rival. They have squared off in the postseason five times in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015. Jackals All time regular season record vs. Quebec- 122 W, 130 L", "Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center The Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center is a museum on the campus of Montclair State University in Little Falls, New Jersey. It serves to honor the career of Yogi Berra, who played for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball and was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. The museum, which contains artifacts from Berra's career, opened on December 4, 1998. It is adjacent to Yogi Berra Stadium. \"The Friends of Yogi Inc.\", a nonprofit organization, raised $2 million through donations to build the museum to honor Yogi Berra, who played his entire Major League Baseball career for the New York Yankees. John McMullen, the owner of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League, was among the museum's benefactors. The museum was built adjacent to Yogi Berra Stadium, which hosts the New Jersey Jackals, a Minor League Baseball team in the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball, and the Montclair State Red Hawks baseball team. The museum was dedicated in October 1998, with fellow Baseball Hall of Famers Ted Williams and Larry Doby in attendance. It opened to the public on December 4. In 2010, IKON 5 Architects redesigned the museum, and Brian Hanlon sculpted a statue of Berra to go in front of the museum. Berra had feuded with Yankees' owner George Steinbrenner since Steinbrenner fired him 16 games into the 1985 season. Berra refused to be involved in Yankees events, including Yankees games. In January 1999, Berra and Steinbrenner resolved their feud with a public event at the Yogi Berra Museum. Berra frequently visited the museum for signings, discussions, and other events.", "In his comeback start that September against the Oakland Athletics, Cone pitched a no-hitter through seven innings before he had to leave due to pitch count restrictions. Mariano Rivera allowed a single, ending the no-hit bid. The Yankees returned to the post-season for the second of thirteen consecutive seasons. After losing to the Texas Rangers in game one of the 1996 American League Division Series, and a no decision in the 1996 American League Championship Series, Cone came back in game three of the World Series against the Atlanta Braves with a six inning, one run performance to give the Yankees their first win of the Series on their way to their first World Championship in eighteen years. Cone went 20\u20137 in 1998, setting a Major League record for the longest span between twenty win seasons. Cone won the 1998 American League Division Series clinching game against the Rangers, the 1998 American League Championship Series clinching game against the Indians, and Game Three of the 1998 World Series against the San Diego Padres. Cone finished fourth in the AL Cy Young voting. He re-signed with the Yankees for the 1999 season for $8 million. He went 12\u20139 in 1999, pitching the sixteenth perfect game in baseball history on July 18 against the Montreal Expos. It is the last no-hitter to date by a Yankee, and also the first (and so far, only) regular season interleague perfect game. Making the game even more remarkable was that it was \"Yogi Berra Day\" at Yankee Stadium. After a long feud with owner George Steinbrenner, Berra agreed to return to the stadium that day. Yogi caught the ceremonial first pitch from Don Larsen, who threw a perfect game for the Yankees in the 1956 World Series; that game had been caught by Yogi Berra. Larsen could be seen smiling in the press box after the final out of Cone's perfect game was recorded."], "answer": {"text": "Berra was an All-Star for 15 seasons, and was selected to 18 All-Star Games", "answer_start": 823}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What team signed Yogi Berra?", "answer": {"text": "Berra was called up to the Yankees and played his first game on September 22, 1946;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was he there?", "answer": {"text": "he played 7 games that season and 83 games in 1947. He played in more than a hundred games in each of the following fourteen years.", "answer_start": 84, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do in 1948?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his best game?", "answer": {"text": "One of the most notable games of Berra's playing career came when he caught Don Larsen's perfect game in the 1956 World Series,", "answer_start": 1404, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any more highlights to his career?", "answer": {"text": "Berra never finished lower than fourth in the MVP voting from 1950 to 1957.", "answer_start": 1018, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened from 1950-1957?", "answer": {"text": "He won the American League (AL) MVP award in 1951, 1954, and 1955;", "answer_start": 951, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d371eefad2f3490597dc801c08d01e56_1_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article, besides Yogi Berra's awards and achievements?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Dale Berra Dale Anthony Berra (born December 13, 1956) is an American former Major League Baseball player who primarily played as an infielder from to . He is the son of Hall of Fame catcher Yogi Berra and brother of former Baltimore Colts return specialist Tim Berra. Dale was named after Dale Mitchell, who had made the final out in Don Larsen's perfect game two months earlier, when he took a called third strike that was caught by Yogi. Berra was a highly sought prospect upon his graduation from Montclair High School in Montclair, New Jersey. He was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates with the twentieth overall pick in the 1975 Major League Baseball draft, and made his major league debut on August 22, 1977 at the age of twenty. Berra was a member of the 1979 World Series champion Pirates, though he did not receive an at-bat in the post season. A third baseman in the minor leagues, Berra earned playing time at third, second and shortstop his first five seasons in the majors before being handed the starting shortstop job in . That season, he enjoyed career highs in batting average (.263), hits (139), runs scored (64) and runs batted in (61). In 1983, he set the record for reaching base on catcher's interference with seven. Yogi Berra was named manager of the Yankees prior to the start of the season. Following the season, the Yankees acquired the younger Berra, along with Jay Buhner and Alfonso Pulido for Steve Kemp and Tim Foli, whom Berra had replaced as the Pirates starting shortstop. Dale became the first son to play for his father in the major leagues since Earle Mack appeared in a total of 125 games for the Philadelphia Athletics in and under Connie Mack. Dale was batting .343 until his father was fired sixteen games into the season and replaced by Billy Martin.", "Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center The Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center is a museum on the campus of Montclair State University in Little Falls, New Jersey. It serves to honor the career of Yogi Berra, who played for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball and was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. The museum, which contains artifacts from Berra's career, opened on December 4, 1998. It is adjacent to Yogi Berra Stadium. \"The Friends of Yogi Inc.\", a nonprofit organization, raised $2 million through donations to build the museum to honor Yogi Berra, who played his entire Major League Baseball career for the New York Yankees. John McMullen, the owner of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League, was among the museum's benefactors. The museum was built adjacent to Yogi Berra Stadium, which hosts the New Jersey Jackals, a Minor League Baseball team in the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball, and the Montclair State Red Hawks baseball team. The museum was dedicated in October 1998, with fellow Baseball Hall of Famers Ted Williams and Larry Doby in attendance. It opened to the public on December 4. In 2010, IKON 5 Architects redesigned the museum, and Brian Hanlon sculpted a statue of Berra to go in front of the museum. Berra had feuded with Yankees' owner George Steinbrenner since Steinbrenner fired him 16 games into the 1985 season. Berra refused to be involved in Yankees events, including Yankees games. In January 1999, Berra and Steinbrenner resolved their feud with a public event at the Yogi Berra Museum. Berra frequently visited the museum for signings, discussions, and other events.", "Yogi Berra Stadium Yogi Berra Stadium is a baseball stadium in Little Falls, New Jersey, on the campus of Montclair State University. The stadium is home to the New Jersey Jackals of the independent Frontier League; the Montclair State Red Hawks baseball team, which competes in NCAA Division III; and the Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center, which adjoins the stadium on its first base side. Yogi Berra Stadium has a capacity of 5,000 persons with permanent seating of 3,784 people and lawn seating which holds an additional 1,500. It is capable of holding overflow crowds with standing room and grass seating available in right field. These tickets are sold only in the event of an anticipated large crowd, such as on holidays or fireworks nights. Construction of the stadium was done in conjunction with another venue on the Montclair State campus. Floyd Hall, a resident of Montclair who was then serving as chief executive officer of Kmart, donated money to the university in order to build an ice arena, which is known as Floyd Hall Arena and is a multi-use facility that several of the area's high school hockey teams call home, and a new baseball stadium for Montclair State's team to replace their previous venue, Pittser Field. Around this time the Northeast League, an independent minor baseball league, was looking for a team to replace the Bangor Blue Ox, which had folded. Hall bought into the league shortly thereafter and founded the Jackals, who were promptly given use of the new stadium once it was able to open. It was decided to name the stadium after Hall of Fame New York Yankees catcher Yogi Berra, who called Montclair home during his playing days and managerial career with the Yankees and their crosstown rivals, the New York Mets.", "Distant relative: Arno River dog The Jackals play at Yogi Berra Stadium, which is located on the Little Falls side of the Montclair State University campus and named for Hall of Fame ex-Yankee catcher Yogi Berra, a longtime Montclair resident. Also located at the stadium site is the Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center, a baseball-themed educational attraction which also contains a stadium luxury box. The luxury box is used only by major league scouts and had been used by Berra for his annual visits to the ballpark where he signed autographs for the fans. The New Jersey Jackals have retired five jersey numbers since their inception. The Jackals and Rockland Boulders became geographic rivals once the Boulders were founded, as the Boulders are the Jackals' closest geographic rivals. The teams play approximately thirty minutes (35 miles) away from each other and will often have series that are split between both Palisades Credit Union Park and Yogi Berra Stadium. The rivalry is called the Parkway Series due to the proximity of both teams to major state parkways; Palisades Credit Union Park is located off of Exit 12 of the Palisades Interstate Parkway while Yogi Berra Stadium is accessible by highway connections available at either Exit 153B or Exit 154 of the Garden State Parkway depending on direction. Jackals All time regular season record vs. Rockland- 97 W, 76 L The Jackals have carried on a rivalry with Les Capitales de Quebec since the latter squad's inception. The teams' rivalry intensified with their recent string of playoff matchups. The Jackals have played the Capitales more than any other rival. They have squared off in the postseason five times in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015. Jackals All time regular season record vs. Quebec- 122 W, 130 L", "In early 2016, as a further honor for its deceased namesake, the Jackals changed this to 8 Yogi Berra Drive. Despite the popularity of the stadium in the summer months, since its construction Yogi Berra Stadium has been plagued with problems involving stadium accessibility. The stadium is located at the very top of an access road to the campus that was recently renamed for Berra and is now known as Yogi Berra Drive, which originates in neighboring Clifton on Valley Road and is only one-way going toward the stadium. The campus' two other entrances, on Normal Avenue in Montclair and Clove Road in Little Falls, both require fans to drive through portions of the campus to reach the stadium. The Normal Avenue entrance is on the opposite side of the campus and forces fans to drive down an extension of College Avenue, pass by the Panzer Athletic Center, Kasser Theater, admissions building, parking deck, and university police station to Carlisle Road, which runs into Quarry Road where the Clove Road campus entrance leads to and continues to the stadium. In addition, due to the Yogi Berra Drive ramp being closed to two way traffic, the only way to exit following games is to either take Clove Road, which leads to Route 46, or drive back across campus on Carlisle Road and exit via Normal Avenue. In addition, there is no public transportation that directly serves the stadium. New Jersey Transit buses and DeCamp Bus Lines service the parking deck, known as Red Hawk Deck, on the other side of campus and fans choosing to take the bus to the game can either walk from Red Hawk Deck across campus to the stadium or take one of the campus' shuttle buses which serve the shared parking lots the stadium uses. In addition, Montclair State's train station is located behind the stadium and is accessible via a walking path and staircase which puts fans within steps of the stadium gate."], "answer": {"text": "From 1949 to 1955, on a team filled with stars such as Mickey Mantle and Joe DiMaggio, it was Berra who led the Yankees in RBI for seven consecutive seasons.", "answer_start": 1246}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What team signed Yogi Berra?", "answer": {"text": "Berra was called up to the Yankees and played his first game on September 22, 1946;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was he there?", "answer": {"text": "he played 7 games that season and 83 games in 1947. He played in more than a hundred games in each of the following fourteen years.", "answer_start": 84, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do in 1948?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his best game?", "answer": {"text": "One of the most notable games of Berra's playing career came when he caught Don Larsen's perfect game in the 1956 World Series,", "answer_start": 1404, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any more highlights to his career?", "answer": {"text": "Berra never finished lower than fourth in the MVP voting from 1950 to 1957.", "answer_start": 1018, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened from 1950-1957?", "answer": {"text": "He won the American League (AL) MVP award in 1951, 1954, and 1955;", "answer_start": 951, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any other awards?", "answer": {"text": "Berra was an All-Star for 15 seasons, and was selected to 18 All-Star Games", "answer_start": 823, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_dc45ec46ac74469694ea2793613463bd_1_q#0", "question": "Where was joe born?", "rewrite": "Where was joe born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Alec Mullen Alec Mullen ( Alexander Aitken Mullen born Irvine, Ayrshire 8 February 1966) is a former Scottish boxer. Alec Mullen was one of Ayrshire's most successful boxers of his generation. Fighting out of his home village of Springside boxing club along with brothers John born 1965 died 2017, Boyd, and Joe born 1969 died 1999, cousin Harry and coached by his father John, Mullen competed in over 120 amateur contests, winning 105. He was national schoolboy champion in 1981 Assembly Rooms Derby (intermediate class ), followed by Gaelic gold in Cardiff in 1983. Mullen added 3 Scottish light middleweight titles, in 1984, 1985, and 1986, to the 4 Scottish youth titles he won 1980, 1981, 1982, and 1983. He also represented his country at European junior championships (Helsinki, Finland 1984), European senior championships (Budapest, Hungary 1985). He ended his amateur career with a bronze medal at light middleweight at the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh. Mullen also represented his country 18 times, winning 15. The highlight of his career was beating Rod Douglas, Great Britain's representative at the Los Angeles Olympics of 1984, at Dundee in a televised international Scotland V England on 17 January 1985. Mullen turned professional in October 1986, competing as a middleweight and winning 6 fights out of 6; his last fight was a points win versus Peter Brown at Solihull in May 1987. He retired with an eye injury in June 1987. Mullen is now involved in amateur boxing coaching and running a successful boxing club Irvine Vineburgh Boxing Club in his home town of Irvine.", "In 2015, Dormitus Brands, a Chicago-based brand acquisition company run by Mark Thomann, acquired the trademark right in the U.S. Thomann looked to pair the brand with a company that was innovating in the audio industry, eventually leading to a deal with Hale Devices, Inc., headed by Joe Born. Hale Devices renamed itself into Aiwa. The Aiwa brand was formally relaunched in March 2015, releasing its first product, the \"Exos-9\", a wireless Bluetooth speaker. On April 11, 2017, Japanese audio equipment manufacturer Towada Audio announced that Towada acquired Aiwa brand rights from Sony and would produce Aiwa-branded audio and record player products. The first logo of the company contained \"AIWA\" in capital letters, in use until 1991. The second logo changed the font to a lowercase one, as \"aiwa\". In 2003, after the acquisition by Sony, the logo was rebranded as part of Sony's efforts to 'revitalize' the brand, and was in use until the brand's retirement in 2006. Since the brand's resurrection in 2015, the second (1991\u20132002) logo is back in use. All logos were colored red.", "Joe Born Joseph Born, better known as Joe Born, is an American businessman. As CEO of Aiwa and previously Neuros Technology and contributing inventor to many of its products, Joe Born has advocated on behalf of open source hardware, digital rights, and generally on the subject of the global maker movement, and open source. In 1995, after receiving a patent for a CD repair device, later named the SkipDoctor, Joe Born founded Digital Innovations, LLC. With an original investment of $15,000, the company was created to commercialize the skipdoctor invention. Joined in 1996 by Collin Anderson, they brought the invention to market in 1999, and, as of December 2013, had sold 10 million units of the SkipDoctor globally. In September 2001, the Neuros division was started within Digital Innovations to develop open digital media products. In December 2003, Neuros was spun off into a separate entity, Neuros Technology, LLC. Influenced by its developer community, Joe Born, as Chief of Neuros, has become a pioneer in the field of open source hardware, helping to influence many of its partners to become more open, including successfully lobbying Texas Instruments to release a free compiler for a previously closed Digital Signal Processor In March 2011, Joe Born and David W. Phillips founded Hale Devices (previously called Sonr Labs, Inc,) as a provider of Android audio peripherals. After helping to bring his then 10-year-old daughter, Lily Born's Kangaroo Cup invention to market in October 2012, Born has become an advocate for young inventors including advising the SEE/Dig-8 program at Nettlehorst Elementary School, a program created to teach product development and entrepreneurship to middle school students", "Jerry Panek Jerry Panek (born Poland) is a retired Polish-American soccer midfielder who earned three caps with the U.S. national team in 1973. He currently coaches youth soccer in Wisconsin. In Poland he played for the Bro\u0144 Radom, AZS-AWF Warszawa and Lechia Gda\u0144sk. In 1975, Panek played for the Chicago Sting in the North American Soccer League. He also played for the Chicago Cats of the American Soccer League that season. Panek\u2019s three national team games all came against Poland in 1973. The first was a 1-0 loss on August 3. The second was a 4-0 loss on August 10. Panek was replaced by Paul Child in the 60th minute. The last was a 1-0 victory on August 12. Panek was again replaced, this time by Stefan Szefer in the 60th minute. Panek coached Milwaukee Polonia and the Milwaukee Kickers of the Wisconsin Soccer Association. In 1982, he left the Kickers to become an assistant coach with Marquette University. When head coach Joe Born resigned during the season, Panek became the head coach on October 6, 1982. When he resigned at the end of the 1991 season, Panek had compiled a 97-80-20 record. Panek has also coached at Thomas More High School and was an assistant with the Milwaukee Rampage. Panek has since returned to the Milwaukee Kickers Soccer Club, where he has been serving as their director of coaching since 2001. Panek was inducted into the WASA Hall of Fame in 1991. Panek attended Academy of Physical Education in Warsaw. He received a coaching license and master's degree in physical education. He is one of the most soccer specific educated coaches in the country.", "He has been married to Margaret Wall (Jack born 1971), Maggie Eckardt, Belinda Green (Jessie born 1982, Sally born 1984), Liz Hayes, Jennifer Murrant - de facto (Joe born 1993, Hannah born 1995) and Julie Martin (Dawnie born 1998 , Summer born 2000, Daisy born 2006). , \"The Australian Financial Review\" assessed Singleton's net worth as 670 million as published in the Financial Review Rich List 2019."], "answer": {"text": "Hisaishi was born in Nakano, Nagano, Japan", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_dc45ec46ac74469694ea2793613463bd_1_q#3", "question": "Where did he attend school or was educated?", "rewrite": "Where did Joe attend school or was educated?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mufakose Number 2 High School Mufakose Number 2 High School, also known as Mufakose High 2 or Mufakose 2 High School is a secondary school in Zimbabwe which is located in a Harare suburb called Mufakose. Mufakose is to the west of Harare City Centre and lies north of the Harare to Bulawayo railway line. Mufakose Number 2 High School caters for school children aged between 12 and 17 years. This school was established in 1982, immediately after the independence of Zimbabwe in 1980. Use of English language is compulsory at all times whilst within the school grounds. Mufakose Number 2 High School has a hot sitting arrangement whereby some of the children attend school classes from 7.30 a.m to 12 noon whilst others attend school classes from 12.30 p.m to 5.00 p.m. Usually those in their first year of secondary school, called Form 1 and those in third year of secondary school, in Form 3 attend school classes in the afternoon. Those in their second and fourth year of secondary school, in Form 3 and 4 respectively, attend school classes in the morning. Mufakose Number 2 High School uniform comprises maroon short, beige shirts, maroon tie, maroon socks and brown shoes for boys in Form 1 and 2. Form 1 and 2 girls wear checked maroon and white dresses, maroon socks and brown shoes. Form 3 and 4 boys wear grey trousers instead of maroon shorts whilst Form 3 and 4 girls wear maroon skirts, beige shirts, maroon ties, maroon socks and brown shoes. Maroon school blazers should be worn by all school children. Lower and Upper six classes, Form 5 and Form 6 respectively, were introduced recently to cater for the Advanced Level students.", "Months later, in the autumn, Mary is once again at Tom and Gerri's home. Joe arrives with a new girlfriend, Katie. Mary appears rude and hostile towards Katie, which is not appreciated by Tom and Gerri. This creates a rift between Gerri and Mary. In the winter, Tom, Gerri, and Joe attend the funeral for the wife of Tom's brother, Ronnie. Towards the end of the service, Ronnie's estranged son, Carl, arrives, and angrily asks why the ceremony was not delayed for him. At the reception at Ronnie's house, Carl becomes aggressive and walks out. Tom and Gerri invite Ronnie back to London to stay with them for a while and Ronnie agrees. While Tom and Gerri are at their garden allotment Mary arrives unannounced at their home and persuades Ronnie to let her in. Her car has just been written off and she is upset. The two have a cup of tea and a desultory chat before Mary takes a nap on the settee. When Tom and Gerri return they are unhappy to find Mary at their house. Gerri explains to Mary that she feels let down by her earlier behaviour towards Katie. Mary apologises and weeps. Gerri gradually extends a degree of warmth to Mary, suggesting that she should seek professional help and inviting her to stay for dinner, and the two women set the table. Joe and Katie arrive, their relationship still appearing strong and happy. The Hepples enjoy dinner together. Mary eats with them but appears lost and uncertain. Because the director's usual producer Simon Channing-Williams died in 2009, \"Another Year\" was produced by Georgina Lowe, who had worked regularly on Mike Leigh films since \"Naked\" (1993). Thin Man Films led the production together with television channel Film4 and Focus Features International.", "After the Martins adamantly refuse, Ray stalks Ruth and violently rapes her one night, leaving her in a coma. In 1975, Joe begins to have feelings for a patient he is treating named Leora Sanders. During their separation, Ruth has an affair with David Thorton and the two become engaged at one point. Eventually, she and Joe reconcile. They conceive a son, Joseph Martin Jr. (now referred to as Jake), on Christmas Day 1979. Ruth and the entire Martin family grieve the loss of Kate Martin, Joe's mother, in 1985. In 1994, the Martin House is destroyed by a tornado. Tad is severely injured and almost dies. The whole town comes together and helps the Martins rebuild their house. In 1997, Joe suffers a heart attack and almost dies. Ruth is there to nurture Joe back to health. Throughout most of the 1990s and 2000s, Ruth becomes more of a supporting character and is only seen on holidays and special occasions. She often appears to support her sons Tad and Jake, and her grandson Charlie Brent. She maintains friendships with characters such as Mona Kane Tyler, Opal Cortlandt, and Marian Colby Chandler over the years. In the 1990s, she trains Julia Santos in Pine Valley Hospital's nursing program. In April 2008, she is confronted with a reminder of her rape, when Ray Gardner's brother, Robert, comes to her granddaughter Jenny's birthday party. In May 2008, Ruth and Joe attend Jesse and Angie Hubbard's wedding; Robert Gardner shows up and shoots Julia, Greg, and Tad. Ruth and Joe attempt to save Julia, but she dies as a result of her injuries. The Martins are devastated over Julia's death, but are thrilled to find out that Julia's foster child, Kathy Mershon, is actually their long lost granddaughter, Tad's daughter Kathy Martin.", "There are 22 individuals (or about 6.67% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), and 9 individuals (or about 2.73% of the population) did not answer the question. The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Medeglia about 71.7% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either University or a \"Fachhochschule\"). In Medeglia there are a total of 44 students (). The Ticino education system provides up to three years of non-mandatory kindergarten and in Medeglia there are 12 children in kindergarten. The primary school program lasts for five years and includes both a standard school and a special school. In the municipality, 11 students attend the standard primary schools and students attend the special school. In the lower secondary school system, students either attend a two-year middle school followed by a two-year pre-apprenticeship or they attend a four-year program to prepare for higher education. There are 9 students in the two-year middle school and in their pre-apprenticeship, while 4 students are in the four-year advanced program. The upper secondary school includes several options, but at the end of the upper secondary program, a student will be prepared to enter a trade or to continue on to a university or college. In Ticino, vocational students may either attend school while working on their internship or apprenticeship (which takes three or four years) or may attend school followed by an internship or apprenticeship (which takes one year as a full-time student or one and a half to two years as a part-time student). There are 3 vocational students who are attending school full-time and 4 who attend part-time.", "When looking at another school, Jay is not pleased with the low-quality school, but Gloria convinces him to let Joe attend after seeing how much Joe likes it there. On July 4, after Claire tells Phil about wanting to reveal to Andy that Haley almost stopped the proposal, Andy overhears the conversation accidentally, making him uncertain about the proposal. In September the family gathers at the Dunphy house for a barbecue, and they are shocked about Andy's sudden weight gain in the last two months. Haley confronts Andy about Beth, with Andy refusing to admit his feelings for Haley and decides to stay with Beth. Alex breaks up with Sanjay, and Mitchell shows her how to paint, but goes on a rampage after seeing how much better of a painter Alex is. Jay talks to Mitchell about his mid-life crisis and advises him to go back to work, while Alex gets back together with Sanjay. Before the episode, it was announced that the show was recasting Joe, the son of Jay and Gloria, who has been played by Pierce Wallace for the previous two seasons. On August 7, 2015, the role of Joe had been recast by actor Jeremy Maguire. The table read for the premiere happened on August 3, 2015, being confirmed by Sof\u00eda Vergara, with filming commencing a few days after. The episode was watched by 9.46 million viewers, up 2.46 million people from the previous season's finale. The episode received generally positive reviews from TV critics. Kyle Fowle of \"The A.V. Club\" awarded the episode a B grade, saying \"A brisk pace keeps Modern Family feeling fresh in its season premiere\". He went on to say \"For the most part, tonight\u2019s premiere is a solid, reliable episode of Modern Family, but"], "answer": {"text": "he started learning violin in the Violin School Suzuki Shinichi at the age of four,", "answer_start": 102}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was joe born?", "answer": {"text": "Hisaishi was born in Nakano, Nagano, Japan", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What date?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is listed as his family?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_dc45ec46ac74469694ea2793613463bd_1_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than Joe learning violin in the Violin School Suzuki Shinichi at the age of four, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Shinichi Suzuki (violinist) Born in Nagoya, Japan in 1898, as one of twelve children, Shinichi spent his childhood working at his father's violin factory (current Suzuki Violin Co., Ltd.), putting up violin soundposts. A family friend encouraged Shinichi to study Western culture, but his father felt that it was beneath Suzuki to be a performer. However, he began to teach himself how to play the violin in 1916, after being inspired by a recording of Mischa Elman. Without access to professional instruction, he listened to recordings and tried to imitate what he heard. At the age of 26, the Marquis Tokugawa, a friend of Suzuki, persuaded his father to allow him to study in Germany, where he studied under Karl Klingler. In Germany, he claimed to have spent time under the guardianship of Albert Einstein. He also met and married his wife, Waltraud Prange (1905\u20132000). Upon his return to Japan, he formed a string quartet with his brothers and began teaching at the Imperial School of Music and at the Kunitachi Music School in Tokyo and started to take interest in developing the music education of young students in violin. During World War II, his father's violin factory was converted into a factory to construct seaplane floats. Consequently, it was bombed by American war planes and one of his brothers died as a result. During this time, he and his wife finally evacuated to separate locations when conditions became too unsafe for her as an ex-German citizen, and the factory was struggling to operate due to lack of wood supply. Suzuki left with other family members for a rural mountainous region to secure wood from a geta factory and his wife had to move to a \"German village\" where other Germans and ex-Germans were sequestered.", "Hungarian school of violin playing The Hungarian violin school started with J\u00f2zsef Joseph B\u00f6hm, when in 1819 he began to teach the first violin class of Vienna's Conservatory. B\u00f6hm studied in Budapest, with his father, and with Pierre Rode (probably when he was in Russia), so he is the link between the French school (an evolution of the Italian school through Viotti) and the Hungarian one. B\u00f6hm's classes gave birth to the following Hungarian violinists: Joachim, Auer, Flesch, Otto Singer, Tivadar Nachez, Hubay; and to violinists of other nationalities as: Hellmesberger, Jacob Dont, Ernst (Romanian), Ferdinand Laub, Franz Kneisel and Karl Klingler. The importance: Joachim will teach in Berlin, Auer in Russia and in America, Flesch in Switzerland and England, Hellmesberger and Dont in Vienna, Hubay in Brussels and Budapest, Laub in Russia, Klingler in Germany and Kneisel in America. Among the violinists who were pupils in the Budapest academy, created by Hubay, we find: Tibor Varga (director of Sion academy), Andr\u00e9 Gertler (head of string-department in Brussels), Joseph Szigeti (head of string-department in Budapest), Sandor Vegh (director of the Mozarteum), Ilona Feher (teacher of Shlomo Mintz in Tel Aviv), Oskar Back (founder of Amsterdam's school), B\u00e9la Katona. Someone will perhaps have heard about Kato Havas, G\u00e9za Szilvay, Paul Rolland, Robert Gerle or Shinichi Suzuki. The first four have studied in Budapest academy in the same cultural atmosphere and with the same technique. Suzuki studied in Berlin with Klingler (Joachim's pupil).", "Hisaishi was born in Nakano, Nagano, Japan as Mamoru Fujisawa (Teng Ze Shou , Fujisawa Mamoru). When he started learning violin in the Violin School Suzuki Shinichi at the age of four, he found his passion in music. Also, when he was young, he was taken to a movie theatre and watched 300 movies for 4 years. This had strongly influenced his current job. Realizing his love, he attended the Kunitachi College of Music in 1969 to major in music composition. Hisaishi collaborated with minimalist artists as a typesetter, furthering his experience in the musical world. He enjoyed his first success of the business in 1974 when he composed music for the anime series called Gyatoruzu. This and other early works were created under his given name. During this period, he composed for Sasuga no Sarutobi (Academy of Ninja) and Futari Daka (A Full Throttle). In the 1970s, Japanese popular music, electronic music, and new-age music flourished; those genres, as well as the Yellow Magic Orchestra (a Japanese electronic band in 1978-1983), influenced Hisaishi's compositions. He developed his music from minimalist ideas and expanded toward orchestral work. Around 1975, Hisaishi presented his first public performance, spreading his name around his community. Also, from 1978, he had worked for Brass Compositions for a long time. His first album, MKWAJU, was released in 1981, with Information being released a year later. His first major anime scores were Hajime Ningen Gyatoruz (1974) and Robokko Beeton (1976). As his works were becoming well known, Hisaishi formulated an alias inspired by Quincy Jones, an African-American musician and producer.", "John D. Kendall John D. Kendall (August 30, 1917 \u2013 January 6, 2011) was a leader in bringing the Suzuki Method to the United States. In 1959 he was presented with a grant to travel to Japan to meet Shinichi Suzuki and translate his ideas and teachings into a philosophy and pedagogy for violin teachers around the U.S. An internationally acclaimed string pedagogue, Mr. Kendall taught violin at the college level for more than 50 years and was largely responsible for bringing the Suzuki Method to the United States. Mr. Kendall received his undergraduate degree from the Oberlin Conservatory of Music in 1939, and earned a master's degree from Teachers College, Columbia University. In 1959, he spent six weeks in Japan observing Dr. Suzuki and his students, and returned for further study in 1962. Mr. Kendall planned the first US Suzuki conference in 1963, and organized the first Suzuki tour of the US. Dr. Suzuki and 10 students toured 19 cities in 21 days. This tour captured the attention of audiences everywhere and introduced the Suzuki Method to the US. A 1997 news article quoted Carol Smith, a colleague of John Kendall, as saying \"It took someone with incredible energy, charisma, and communication skills to spread the word about the Suzuki method. That someone was John Kendall.\" Currently, it is estimated that more than 350,000 children are learning according to Suzuki principles on violin, viola, cello, piano, guitar, flute, recorder, harp and bass. There is a Suzuki preschool, and the body of literature for Suzuki Parent Education continues to grow. John Kendall directed the SIUE program until his retirement in 1994. Suzuki Association of the Americas: \"John Kendall passed away on January 6, 2011 at the age of 93. John's life's work as an educator has influenced thousands of students and teachers.\"", "David Nadien David Nadien (March 12, 1926 \u2013 May 28, 2014) was an American violinist and violin teacher . He was concertmaster of the New York Philharmonic from 1966 to 1970. His playing style has been compared to that of Jascha Heifetz. David Nadien was born in Brooklyn, New York, on March 12, 1926, the son of Armenian-American George and Bertha Nadien. He started learning violin with his father, then entered the Mannes School of Music; he also studied at the Juilliard School. His teachers included Adolfo Betti, Demetrius Constantine Dounis, Adolf Busch and Ivan Galamian. When he was 18 he was drafted into the US Army, and played with the Army Service Forces Orchestra. He made his first concert appearance with the New York Philharmonic at the age of 14, and at the age of 20 won the Leventritt Award. He worked mainly as a studio musician until in 1966 he was selected by Leonard Bernstein to replace John Corigliano Sr. as concertmaster of the New York Philharmonic, although he had little experience of orchestral playing. He left the post in 1970 and resumed studio work. As a violin teacher, he worked at the Mannes College of Music. Nadien owned the \"Prince of Orange, Wald, Hoffmann\" violin, made by Guarneri del Ges\u00f9 in about 1743. He is best known for his recordings of Parts 1 to 4 of the \"Suzuki violin method\". He died of pneumonia aged 88 on May 28, 2014."], "answer": {"text": "He enjoyed his first success of the business in 1974 when he composed music for the anime series called Gyatoruzu.", "answer_start": 569}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was joe born?", "answer": {"text": "Hisaishi was born in Nakano, Nagano, Japan", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What date?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is listed as his family?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he attend school or was educated?", "answer": {"text": "he started learning violin in the Violin School Suzuki Shinichi at the age of four,", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_dc45ec46ac74469694ea2793613463bd_1_q#5", "question": "What other anime or series did he make music for?", "rewrite": "Besides Gyatoruzu, what other anime or series did Joe make music for?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["These deficits are present in early childhood, typically before age three, and lead to clinically significant functional impairment. Sample symptoms include lack of social or emotional reciprocity, stereotyped and repetitive use of language or idiosyncratic language, and persistent preoccupation with unusual objects. The disturbance must not be better accounted for by Rett syndrome, intellectual disability or global developmental delay. ICD-10 uses essentially the same definition. Several diagnostic instruments are available. Two are commonly used in autism research: the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) is a semistructured parent interview, and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) uses observation and interaction with the child. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) is used widely in clinical environments to assess severity of autism based on observation of children. The Diagnostic interview for social and communication disorders (DISCO) may also be used. A pediatrician commonly performs a preliminary investigation by taking developmental history and physically examining the child. If warranted, diagnosis and evaluations are conducted with help from ASD specialists, observing and assessing cognitive, communication, family, and other factors using standardized tools, and taking into account any associated medical conditions. A pediatric neuropsychologist is often asked to assess behavior and cognitive skills, both to aid diagnosis and to help recommend educational interventions. A differential diagnosis for ASD at this stage might also consider intellectual disability, hearing impairment, and a specific language impairment such as Landau\u2013Kleffner syndrome. The presence of autism can make it harder to diagnose coexisting psychiatric disorders such as depression. Clinical genetics evaluations are often done once ASD is diagnosed, particularly when other symptoms already suggest a genetic cause.", "All services provided as part of research studies are free of charge to eligible participants and can include gold standard diagnostic assessments such as the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule \u2013 Second Edition (ADOS-2), the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), psychiatric evaluations, and neuropsychological testing. The Center provides comprehensive clinical services, including but not limited to psychiatric evaluations and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedules (ADOS). These services are provided free-of-charge to people with autism, with participation in a research study. The Center also provides support and training for parents and siblings of individuals with autism.", "Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) is an instrument for diagnosing and assessing autism. The protocol consists of a series of structured and semi-structured tasks that involve social interaction between the examiner and the person under assessment. The examiner observes and identifies segments of the subject's behavior and assigns these to predetermined observational categories. Categorized observations are subsequently combined to produce quantitative scores for analysis. Research-determined cut-offs identify the potential diagnosis of classic autistic disorder or related autism spectrum disorders, allowing a standardized assessment of autistic symptoms. The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), a companion instrument, is a structured interview conducted with the parents of the referred individual and covers the subject's full developmental history. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule was created by Catherine Lord, Ph.D., Michael Rutter, M.D., FRS, Pamela C. DiLavore, Ph.D., and Susan Risi, Ph.D. in 1989. It became commercially available in 2001 through WPS (Western Psychological Services). The ADOS consists of a series of structured and semi-structured tasks and generally takes from 30 to 60 minutes to administer. During this time the examiner provides a series of opportunities for the subject to show social and communication behaviors relevant to the diagnosis of autism. Each subject is administered activities from just one of the four modules. The selection of an appropriate module is based on the developmental and language level of the referred individual. The only developmental level not served by the ADOS is that for adolescents and adults who are nonverbal. The ADOS should not be used for formal diagnosis with individuals who are blind, deaf, or otherwise seriously impaired by sensory or motor disorders, such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy. Module 1 is used with children who use little or no phrase speech.", "Hisaishi was born in Nakano, Nagano, Japan as Mamoru Fujisawa (Teng Ze Shou , Fujisawa Mamoru). When he started learning violin in the Violin School Suzuki Shinichi at the age of four, he found his passion in music. Also, when he was young, he was taken to a movie theatre and watched 300 movies for 4 years. This had strongly influenced his current job. Realizing his love, he attended the Kunitachi College of Music in 1969 to major in music composition. Hisaishi collaborated with minimalist artists as a typesetter, furthering his experience in the musical world. He enjoyed his first success of the business in 1974 when he composed music for the anime series called Gyatoruzu. This and other early works were created under his given name. During this period, he composed for Sasuga no Sarutobi (Academy of Ninja) and Futari Daka (A Full Throttle). In the 1970s, Japanese popular music, electronic music, and new-age music flourished; those genres, as well as the Yellow Magic Orchestra (a Japanese electronic band in 1978-1983), influenced Hisaishi's compositions. He developed his music from minimalist ideas and expanded toward orchestral work. Around 1975, Hisaishi presented his first public performance, spreading his name around his community. Also, from 1978, he had worked for Brass Compositions for a long time. His first album, MKWAJU, was released in 1981, with Information being released a year later. His first major anime scores were Hajime Ningen Gyatoruz (1974) and Robokko Beeton (1976). As his works were becoming well known, Hisaishi formulated an alias inspired by Quincy Jones, an African-American musician and producer.", "Gilliam Asperger's disorder scale The Gilliam Asperger's disorder scale (GADS) is a tool for assisting the diagnosis of Asperger syndrome. More specifically, it is a rating scale for behaviour, which can be used by either individuals or professionals, and is commonly used by school psychologists. It comprises 32 diagnostic characteristics, divided into four sub-scales. The four sub-scales are Social Interaction, Restricted Patterns of Behaviour, Cognitive Patterns, and Pragmatic Skills. An optional additional sub-scale of eight items, Early Development, can also be included. The rating scores on each of the sub-scales are combined by simple summation to form an overall score, the Asperger's disorder quotient. Administering the test takes 10 minutes. The scale is available in forms for teachers as well as parents, and like the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale it is comparatively less complicated to administer and score than other tests such as the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule or the Autism Diagnostic Interview \u2014 Revised (although both of these more complex tests are increasingly used in research)."], "answer": {"text": "Hajime Ningen Gyatoruz", "answer_start": 1455}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was joe born?", "answer": {"text": "Hisaishi was born in Nakano, Nagano, Japan", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What date?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is listed as his family?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he attend school or was educated?", "answer": {"text": "he started learning violin in the Violin School Suzuki Shinichi at the age of four,", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "He enjoyed his first success of the business in 1974 when he composed music for the anime series called Gyatoruzu.", "answer_start": 569, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_dc45ec46ac74469694ea2793613463bd_1_q#6", "question": "Are they any other places his work is featured?", "rewrite": "Aside from Gyatoruzu and Hajime Ningen Gyatoruzu, are there any other places Joe's work is featured?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["NGC 3184 NGC 3184 is a spiral galaxy approximately 40 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. It has two HII regions named NGC 3180 and NGC 3181. NGC 3184 houses a high abundance of heavy elements and (SN 1999gi) that was a magnitude 14 Type II supernova detected on December 9, 1999. Other supernovae in NGC 3184 include 1921B (mag 13.5), 1921C (mag 11) and 1937F (mag 13.5). On May 31, 2010, Koichi Itagaki detected a magnitude 17 optical transient 33\" east and 61\" north of the center of NGC 3184 at coordinates 10 18 19.89 +41 26 28.8. This event may be an outbursting Luminous blue variable (LBV) star. Archival Hubble and Spitzer images of NGC 3184 seem to show no progenitor for optical transient SN 2010dn. SN 2010dn is just like SN 2008S and NGC 300-OT. On day 2, SN 2010dn had an unfiltered magnitude of 17.1, corresponding to a peak absolute magnitude of roughly -13.3.", "The construction of the fold guaranteed by Axiom 6 requires \"sliding\" the paper, or neusis, which is not allowed in classical compass and straightedge constructions. Use of neusis together with a compass and straightedge does allow trisection of an arbitrary angle. Given two points \"p\" and \"p\", there is a unique fold that passes through both of them. In parametric form, the equation for the line that passes through the two points is : Given two points \"p\" and \"p\" , there is a unique fold that places \"p\" onto \"p\". This is equivalent to finding the perpendicular bisector of the line segment \"p\"\"p\". This can be done in four steps: Given two lines \"l\" and \"l\", there is a fold that places \"l\" onto \"l\". This is equivalent to finding a bisector of the angle between \"l\" and \"l\". Let \"p\" and \"p\" be any two points on \"l\", and let \"q\" and \"q\" be any two points on \"l\". Also, let u and v be the unit direction vectors of \"l\" and \"l\", respectively; that is: If the two lines are not parallel, their point of intersection is: where The direction of one of the bisectors is then: And the parametric equation of the fold is: A second bisector also exists, perpendicular to the first and passing through \"p\". Folding along this second bisector will also achieve the desired result of placing \"l\" onto \"l\". It may not be possible to perform one or the other of these folds, depending on the location of the intersection point. If the two lines are parallel, they have no point of intersection.", "Hisaishi was born in Nakano, Nagano, Japan as Mamoru Fujisawa (Teng Ze Shou , Fujisawa Mamoru). When he started learning violin in the Violin School Suzuki Shinichi at the age of four, he found his passion in music. Also, when he was young, he was taken to a movie theatre and watched 300 movies for 4 years. This had strongly influenced his current job. Realizing his love, he attended the Kunitachi College of Music in 1969 to major in music composition. Hisaishi collaborated with minimalist artists as a typesetter, furthering his experience in the musical world. He enjoyed his first success of the business in 1974 when he composed music for the anime series called Gyatoruzu. This and other early works were created under his given name. During this period, he composed for Sasuga no Sarutobi (Academy of Ninja) and Futari Daka (A Full Throttle). In the 1970s, Japanese popular music, electronic music, and new-age music flourished; those genres, as well as the Yellow Magic Orchestra (a Japanese electronic band in 1978-1983), influenced Hisaishi's compositions. He developed his music from minimalist ideas and expanded toward orchestral work. Around 1975, Hisaishi presented his first public performance, spreading his name around his community. Also, from 1978, he had worked for Brass Compositions for a long time. His first album, MKWAJU, was released in 1981, with Information being released a year later. His first major anime scores were Hajime Ningen Gyatoruz (1974) and Robokko Beeton (1976). As his works were becoming well known, Hisaishi formulated an alias inspired by Quincy Jones, an African-American musician and producer.", "Bo Ningen Bo Ningen are a Japanese four-piece noise rock and alternative rock band, consisting of Taigen Kawabe (bass/ vocals), Yuki Tsujii (guitar), Kohhei Matsuda (guitar) and Monchan Monna (drums). Though they come from Gumma, Tajimi, Nishinomiya, and Tokyo, they coalesced in London. They are signed to Stolen Recordings and licensed to Sony Music Associated Records in Japan. They have performed collaboratively with Damo Suzuki, Faust and Savages. The name \"Bo Ningen\" means \"Stick Man\" in Japanese. Taigen (vocal & bass) and Kohhei (guitar) met at a gig in 2006 and formed the first Bo Ningen duo; they were later joined by Yuki and then by Monchan. The band booked into a studio on Hackney Road and in summer 2007, after continual 12 hour jams they played the first \u201ctrue\u201d Bo Ningen show at the Wilmington Arms. They then set up their own night 'Far East Electric Psychedelic' at Cross Kings in Kings Cross. They have since played shows and festivals throughout the UK, Europe and Japan, notably the 2011 Venice Biennale (in collaboration with artists Tim Noble and Sue Webster), which was re-created for Yoko Ono's Meltdown Festival at Royal Festival Hall. They were also invited to perform at the Victoria and Albert Museum's Yohji Yamamoto Friday Late event. According to an October 2015 interview with Marc Riley on BBC 6 Music, they confessed that they didn't even really understand the label of acid rock applied to their style of music.", "Vouni tou Lazarou Vouni tou Lazarou [Greek: \u0392\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u039b\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5] is a locality in Tsada, situated at \"561 metres\" above sea level. Vouni tou Lazarou, Paphos District is a locality and is southwest of Ts\u00e1da and northeast of Aetovounos. Asprovounos is located only 1.8 km away."], "answer": {"text": "As his works were becoming well known, Hisaishi formulated an alias inspired by Quincy Jones, an African-American musician and producer.", "answer_start": 1512}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was joe born?", "answer": {"text": "Hisaishi was born in Nakano, Nagano, Japan", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What date?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is listed as his family?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he attend school or was educated?", "answer": {"text": "he started learning violin in the Violin School Suzuki Shinichi at the age of four,", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "He enjoyed his first success of the business in 1974 when he composed music for the anime series called Gyatoruzu.", "answer_start": 569, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other anime or series did he make music for?", "answer": {"text": "Hajime Ningen Gyatoruz", "answer_start": 1455, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_dc45ec46ac74469694ea2793613463bd_1_q#7", "question": "What was this alias?", "rewrite": "What was the alias Joe formulated using inspiration from Quincy Jones?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Le Joli Mai Le Joli Mai (\"The Lovely Month of May\")is a 1963 French documentary film by Chris Marker and Pierre Lhomme. Beginning in the spring of 1962, just after the close of the Algerian War and the \u00c9vian Accords, Marker and his cinematographer Pierre Lhomme shot 55 hours of footage interviewing people on the streets of Paris. The questions, asked by the unseen Marker, range from their personal lives to social and political issues of the day. As he had with montages of landscapes and indigenous art, Marker created a film essay that contrasts and juxtaposes a variety of lives with his signature commentary (spoken by Marker's friends, singer-actor Yves Montand in the French version and Simone Signoret in the English version). The film has been compared to the \"cin\u00e9ma v\u00e9rit\u00e9\" films of Jean Rouch, and criticized by its practitioners at the time. It was shown in competition at the 1963 Venice Film Festival, where it won the award for Best First Work. It also won the Golden Dove Award at the Leipzig DOK Festival. After making \"Le Joli Mai\", Marker made the 1962 science fiction short \"La Jetee\". \" Le Joli Mai\" was shown as part of the Cannes Classics section of the 2013 Cannes Film Festival.", "List of awards and nominations received by Quincy Jones This page contains a list of awards and accolades won by and awarded to Quincy Jones. In July 1969 Jones's arrangement of \"Fly Me to the Moon\" recorded by Frank Sinatra and the Count Basie Orchestra was the first music played on NASA's first lunar landing mission by astronaut Buzz Aldrin. In 1989, Quincy Jones was presented with the Sammy Cahn Lifetime Achievement Award from the Songwriters Hall of Fame. In May 1990, Quincy Jones received an honorary degree from Seattle University, where he once attended classes. In 2000, Harvard University endowed the Quincy Jones Professorship of Afro-American Music with a grant of $3 million from Time Warner. The endowed chair for African-American music, housed in Harvard's African and African-American Studies Department, is believed to be the first in the nation, and is presently held by the ethnomusicologist Ingrid Monson. Distinguished scholar and public intellectual Henry Louis Gates, Jr. is a close, personal friend of Jones. In January 2005, Jones was honored by the United Negro College Fund at their annual \"Evening of Stars\" event for an entertainment career that has spanned over five decades. Berklee College of Music considers Jones its most successful alumnus, even though he only attended for a year. His original application for admission is housed in a display case at the school. On September 19, 2005, Jones was honored at the Dance Music Hall of Fame ceremony, when he was inducted for his many outstanding achievements as a producer. He was awarded the Polar Music Prize in 1994. In 2005, Quincy Jones also received an honorary Doctorate of Music from the University of Pennsylvania. In 2006 Quincy Jones was nominated for the Tony award for best musical as a producer of The Color Purple. On May 20, 2007, Jones received an honorary doctorate of humanities degree from Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia.", "Quincy Jones III Quincy Delight Jones III (born 23 December 1968), better known as QDIII, QD3 and Snoopy, is a Swedish-American music producer, film producer, and author. He was a jury member of \"Swedish Idol 2016. \" Quincy Delight Jones III was born in Wimbledon, London, the son of Swedish model Ulla Andersson and her American husband Quincy Jones Jr, a musician and music producer. He grew up in Sweden with his older sister Martina after their parents legally separated. The two have five American half-sisters by their father's two other marriages and relationships in the United States, including the actresses Kidada and Rashida Jones and fashion model Kenya Kinski-Jones. Quincy Jones III is the founder of QD3 Entertainment, which has produced a series of documentaries known collectively as \"Beef. \" These explore the violence and feuds within hip hop culture. Jones is also a hip hop DJ; he released an album called \"Soundlab\" (1991). On November 4, 2009, Chamillionaire launched the Global Innovation Tournament 2009 with Quincy Jones III at Stanford University as part of the Stanford Entrepreneurial Thought Leaders Seminar Series. He is known for his documentary \"The Carter\" (2009), about rapper Lil Wayne. The rapper filed a lawsuit to prevent distribution because he wanted control over the final cut, but the case was dismissed by the judge. A \"Huffington Post\" review ranked it as one of the top five movies about hip-hop. In 2011 he co-founded the health and wellness lifestyle company Feel Rich, Inc. with partner Shawn Ullman, which aimed at promoting \"health as the new wealth\" to urban communities .", "Ulla Jones Ulla Agneta Jones (n\u00e9e \"Andersson\"; born 18 June 1946), known professionally as Ulla Andersson and Ulla Jones is a Swedish photographer, actress, singer-songwriter, and retired model. She appeared on numerous magazine covers during the 1960s, before she retired from the Ford Modelling Agency. She was married to American music producer Quincy Jones, with whom she had two children. After living in California with Jones for several years, she legally separated from him and returned to Sweden with her children. She also calls herself \"Ulla Andesong\" (Swedish for \"spirit song\"). In 1966, when Andersson was 19, she met American musician and music producer Quincy Jones at a party in New York, given by TWA in honour of Frank Sinatra. After her and Jones' courtship, she left the 5th Avenue apartment she had been subletting in Manhattan from the producer Robert Evans and moved to California to live with Jones. In 1967, she and Jones married. She retired from her modeling career to raise their two children, Martina and Quincy Jones III. After several years of marriage, Ulla Jones and the children returned to live in Sweden, where Ulla remains today (2014). When she moved, Ulla and Quincy Jones were formally separated, but they divorced in 1974, so that Jones could marry his longtime partner by then, actress Peggy Lipton, with whom he had two daughters. Ulla Jones agreed to complete the divorce and to a cash settlement. After receiving the small settlement, she moved out to the suburbs of Stockholm. Jones was discovered at the age of 15 in Stockholm by modelling giant Eileen Ford who immediately signed her and sent her to Paris. There she was trained as a model and began working, soon travelling the world for fashion shows and shoots in Europe, the United States, and Russia.", "On March 26, 2001, Quincy Jones was made \"Commandeur\" (Commander) of the L\u00e9gion d'Honneur for his significant achievements in his career. In 2007, Jones was honored by the Harvard School of Public Health as its Mentor of the Year at a star-studded gala in New York City. The gala also marked the launch of Harvard's \"Q Prize\", an international award named for Jones which honors extraordinary advocacy on behalf of the world's children. \" Quincy Jones's entire life is a testament to the power of mentoring,\" Dr. Jay Winsten, an associate dean of the Harvard School of Public Health, said at the event. \" He has served as a role model for using the power of celebrity to improve the lot of humankind.\" Jones was presented with the annual George and Ira Gershwin Award for Lifetime Musical Achievement in 2007 during UCLA Spring Sing. Princeton University also awarded an honorary doctorate degree to Quincy Jones, \"an inspirational creative artist and entertainment industry executive,\" during Commencement exercises on June 3, 2008 for his contributions to music and entertainment. On May 14, 2008, Washington University in St. Louis presented Jones with an honorary Doctorate of Arts degree, citing his lifetime musical accomplishments. On June 14, 2008, Jones was awarded an honorary degree from the University of Washington and delivered the keynote at the university's 133rd commencement. On June 24, 2008, at the BET Awards, Quincy Jones was presented with the Humanitarian Award. On September 26, 2008, Garfield High School's Quincy Jones Performing Arts Center was officially dedicated to Quincy Jones. On October 1, 2008, Jones was presented with the Unity Through Music Award at Thank Q: A World Music Tribute to the Humanitarian Works of Quincy Jones. On December 15, 2008, Jones was inducted in the California Hall of Fame at The California Museum in Sacramento, California."], "answer": {"text": "Retranscribed in Japanese, \"Quincy Jones\" became \"Joe Hisaishi\". (\"", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was joe born?", "answer": {"text": "Hisaishi was born in Nakano, Nagano, Japan", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What date?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is listed as his family?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he attend school or was educated?", "answer": {"text": "he started learning violin in the Violin School Suzuki Shinichi at the age of four,", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "He enjoyed his first success of the business in 1974 when he composed music for the anime series called Gyatoruzu.", "answer_start": 569, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other anime or series did he make music for?", "answer": {"text": "Hajime Ningen Gyatoruz", "answer_start": 1455, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are they any other places his work is featured?", "answer": {"text": "As his works were becoming well known, Hisaishi formulated an alias inspired by Quincy Jones, an African-American musician and producer.", "answer_start": 1512, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_df74b75afbf54033b916a751c6faafef_1_q#0", "question": "What was the Chautauqua circuit?", "rewrite": "What was the Chautauqua circuit?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Weldon Springs State Recreation Area Weldon Springs State Park is a state park located near Clinton, Illinois. It centers on Salt Creek and the impoundment of a tributary, Weldon Springs, to form Weldon Spring Lake, a reservoir. It is supervised by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Weldon Springs is an unusual spring in the relatively flat \"Grande Prairie\" of central Illinois. The spring is a local reminder of the former presence of an immense buried river valley, the Teays River, once as large as the Mississippi River. Glacial till left behind during the Ice Age buried the valley and its bedrock bluffs below the current earth surface, but much later flows of groundwater were forced by this buried geological feature to the surface. Weldon Springs became a wetland with some of the northernmost bald cypress trees in Illinois. In the 1800s, Weldon Springs was the fishing camp of a leading local citizen, Judge Lawrence Weldon. In 1900, Judge Weldon leased the springs to the \"Weldon Springs Company\", which raised $7,500 to redevelop the springs as a Chautauqua. From 1901 until 1921, Weldon Springs - which was served by a branch line of the Illinois Central Railroad - was a recognized stop on the Chautauqua circuit; for ten days annually, inspirational speakers and entertainers took top billing on the spring garden's outdoor amphitheatres. National leaders who appeared at Weldon Springs included William Jennings Bryan, Helen Keller, Carrie Nation, the Rev. Billy Sunday, and President William Howard Taft. With the increasing availability of personal motor vehicles and distribution of movies, the Chautauqua circuit collapsed in the early 1920s. The Weldon family donated the springs to the county seat of Clinton in 1936, and the parcel moved to state ownership in 1948. It is the heart of what is now Weldon Springs State Recreation Area.", "The boundaries between the two began to blur, and soon many Chautauqua performers began to try to broaden their appeal and become more than just platform readers so they could cross over to the vaudeville side, taking part in both forms in their eagerness to gain more money and fame. Music was important to Chautauqua, with band music in particular demand. John Philip Sousa prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Bohumir Kryl\u2019s Bohemian Band was frequently seen on the circuit. One of the numbers featured by Kryl was the \u201cAnvil Chorus\u201d from \"Il Trovatore\" with four husky timpanists in leather aprons hammering on anvils shooting sparks (enhanced through special effects) across the darkened stage. Spirituals were also popular. White audiences appreciated seeing African-Americans performing other than minstrelsy. Other musical features of the Chautauqua included groups like the Jubilee Singers singing a mix of spirituals and popular tunes, and other singers and instrumental groups like American Quartette playing popular music, ballads, and songs from the \"old country\". Entertainers on the Chautauqua circuit such as Charles Ross Taggart, billed as \"The Man From Vermont\" and \"The Old Country Fiddler\", played violin, sang, was a ventriloquist and comedian, and told tall tales about life in rural New England. Opera became a part of the Chautauqua experience in 1926 when the American Opera Company, an outgrowth of the Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New York, began touring the country. Under the direction of Russian tenor Vladimir Rosing, the AOC presented five operas in one week at the Chautauqua Amphitheater. By 1929, a permanent Chautauqua Opera company had been established. Chautauquas can be viewed in the context of the populist ferment of the late 19th century.", "William Lee Popham William Lee Popham (1885\u20131953) was an American author, evangelist, Chautauqua speaker, and real estate developer who was important in the growth of Apalachicola, Florida and St. George Island, Florida. Born on a farm in Hardin County, Kentucky, he began writing poems as a child. His parents (Virgil and Clara Popham) moved the family to Louisville in about 1900. William Lee briefly studied at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville, but was not ordained. His gifts for speaking and writing were recognized early, and he began speaking on the Chautauqua circuit by age 17. William Lee Popham began speaking on the Chautauqua circuit in 1902 and began publishing books of advice, sermons, poetry and romance novels in 1905. The Library of Congress lists twenty of his published titles. During his Chautauqua tours, Popham hit upon the idea of writing travel romance novels, each with the same plot in a different location. He called the series \"Seven Wonders of the World\" romances. These became significant when Popham used them as equity to purchase St. George Island (Florida), in 1916. A typical example of the \"Seven Wonders\" series is Mammoth Cave Romance. The book begins with photographs of Mammoth Cave and then segues into a brief, melodramatic plot in which young Franklin Lenton wins consent to marry the vivacious beauty, Violet Thurmon over initial objections of her father. Excellent examples of Popham's poetry, sermons and advice are found in \"Silver Gems in Seas of Gold.\" In 1912, William Popham married Maude Miller Estes and the couple honeymooned in Tampa, Florida.", "Coyla May Spring Coyla May Spring (November 4, 1889 \u2013 November 1, 1978) was an American dramatic reader, singer, and pianist, on the Chautauqua circuit and the lyceum platform. Coyla May Spring was the daughter of Joseph Spring and Selena Spring of Illinois. She studied at the Chicago Conservatory of Dramatic Art and the Columbia School of Expression. Coyla May Spring was a dramatic reader, pianist, and singer, performing musical and spoken works on the Chautauqua circuit and lyceum platform. Her repertoire included character pieces, in which she used accents or childlike voices. She toured as a solo performer in 1913, and with the Apollo Concert Company. She led her own Coyla May Spring Concert Company. and was a longtime member of the Smith-Spring-Holmes Orchestral Quintet. Her sister, Lotus Flower Spring, was a cellist in her ensemble. The sisters sometimes sang together as part of the program. Spring's husband, Clay Smith, wrote some of her readings and \"pianologues\". Spring was the subject of a poetic tribute in 1913: And last of all, but not the least, is charming Coyla Spring, You think for sure that 'Spring has come' when Coyla starts to sing. Her voice just bubbles as it flows, from off her rippling tongue, She is the fairest 'Coil o' Spring' that ever yet was sprung. Her eyes just sparkle with delight, each move is one of grace, She has a charm of figure, and a winsome girlish face, And in between the numbers, when the quartet rings and toots, Doth Coyla charm her hearers, as she coyly elocutes. \u2014 Edwin Weeks, \"Coyla May Spring\"In the 1920s, Spring sang on radio programs.", "Keystone Heights, Florida Keystone Heights is a city located in southwestern Clay County, Florida, United States. The population of the city was 1,350 at the 2010 census. In 1918, the area that would eventually become known as the city of Keystone Heights was a small community known as Brooklyn located along present day State Road 100, about one mile north of the present location of Keystone Heights on Lake Brooklyn. In those early days Brooklyn consisted of a large unpainted building called the Brooklyn Hotel; a combination general store and post office; and several small houses scattered about. Property Developer John J. Lawrence, who hailed from Pennsylvania, noticed the area on a visit to Lake Brooklyn, and instantly became attracted to the region. In 1921, the Lawrence family completed their home, the first house built in Keystone Heights, which overlooked Lake Geneva, and still lies there today at the corner of Jasmine Street & Lakeview Drive. The town would be incorporated as Keystone Heights, named after Lawrence's home state of Pennsylvania's nickname, the \"Keystone\" state, in 1925. After hearing of natural wonders and the many different lakes of the area, other families moved to Keystone, putting a strain on those attempting to build structures within the city. Helping to address the issue, in late 1922, C. Ray Lawrence came to Keystone Heights, and began laying out the streets and lots in the town. The next particularly significant event happened on New Year's Day in 1924, when the Keystone Inn opened. The inn hosted many events throughout the community, and became an icon for the town. Tourists visiting the inn would often also frequent the Chautauqua. A large open pit that effectively served as a type of amphitheater , the Chautauqua served as a beacon for various musicians, artists, and speakers from the Chautauqua circuit in New York."], "answer": {"text": "Bryan was the most popular speaker on the Chautauqua circuit, delivering thousands of paid speeches on current events", "answer_start": 1149}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_df74b75afbf54033b916a751c6faafef_1_q#1", "question": "What are some examples of the topics that he spoke about?", "rewrite": "What are some examples of the topics William Jennings Bryan spoke about?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["BankAxept BankAxept is the national payment system in Norway, used both physically and eventually digitally. It is an open system, so that anyone that has concession to operate bank business in Norway can join the network. The security of BankAxept is accomplished with the use of chip technology and PIN codes. Payments of less than NOK 400 (approx. 44 USD as of August 2019) can be carried contactless and without use of a PIN code. Contactless payments are not as secure as chip and PIN. By using BankAxept, the money is charged from the cardholder's account immediately, and it is always verified whether or not there is money on the account. A payment card with BankAxept can be used in all ATMs and most payment terminals in Norway, and eventually online shopping as well. Most stores in Norway, around 110,000, are tied up to the BankAxept system, and it is the most used payment solution in the country. More than eight out of ten card payments in physical stores are paid with a BankAxept enabled card. According to Finans Norge, Norway is full speed ahead towards the first cash free society in a few years. To be able to accept payment with BankAxept cards, the merchant must sign an agreement directly with BankAxept AS. Additionally, the merchant has to have an agreement with their bank connection of redemption of BankAxept transactions. BankAxept is owned by Norwegian banks, and has the task of developing new payment solutions for a constantly changing world. Bank cards in Norway was established as a standardized solution for all banks after an agreement between Sparebankforeningen (The Savings Bank Union) and Den norske Bankforening (The Norwegian Bank Union).", "William Jennings Bryan 1908 presidential campaign The 1908 U.S. Presidential election occurred in the backdrop of the Progressive achievements of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt's second term as well as against the U.S. recovery following the Panic of 1907. In this election, Roosevelt's chosen successor, Republican William Howard Taft, ran in large part on Roosevelt's Progressive legacy and decisively defeated former Congressman and three-time Democratic U.S. Presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan (who also advocated progressive ideas in his campaign). Overall, the 1908 presidential campaign and election were about labor issues, trusts, campaign finance reform, imperialism, and corruption. Democrat Alton Parker's defeat at the hands of President Theodore Roosevelt (who succeeded William McKinley after his assassination) in 1904 gave William Jennings Bryan, the 1896 and 1900 Democratic presidential nominee, an opening to reassert his leadership in the Democratic Party. Bryan also was helped by newspaper tycoon and 1904 contender William Randolph Hearst's loss in the 1905 New York mayoral election, which hurt Hearst's chances to get the 1908 Democratic presidential nomination. Bryan therefore was the front-runner. Bryan's most formidable challenger was Minnesota Governor John Albert Johnson. Johnson's rags-to-riches story, honesty, reformist credentials, and ability to win in a heavily Republican U.S. state made him popular within the Democratic Party. Johnson ultimately was unable to overcome Bryan, and by the end of June 1908 Bryan had the two-thirds of the delegates needed to win the nomination. At the 1908 Democratic National Convention, Johnson (who had no chance at the nomination by then) released his delegates to Bryan, helping Bryan to win the nomination on the first ballot with 892.5 votes to 105.5 votes for other (favorite son) candidates.", "William Jennings Bryan Boyhood Home The William Jennings Bryan Boyhood Home is a historic house located at 408 S. Broadway in Salem, Illinois. The house was the birthplace and boyhood home of William Jennings Bryan, three-time Democratic Party nominee for president. The two-story frame house was built in 1852 for Silas Bryan, an Illinois State Senator and father of William Jennings Bryan. William Jennings Bryan was born in the home in 1860. The city of Salem operates the home as a museum, including information and memorabilia about Bryan, his politics and his times. Bryan himself donated the house to the city in the early 1900s, as he wished for it to become a museum. The house features two main rooms in the front, a kitchen and a dining room in back, and three bedrooms upstairs. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.", "In the beginning of the 1990s, the different payment solutions in Norway were merged, and the banks formed a common, electronic payment solution (EFTPOS) via the company BankAxept AS that made it possible to pay with bank cards in businesses. BankAxept AS was formed at 30 November 1991, and was owned by the banks in common. The BankAxept service was launched the same year by Bankens BetalingsSentral (The Bank's Payment Central), BBS for short. In 2010, BBS merged with Pengeinstitutternes BetalingsSystemer in Denmark, forming the Danish-Norwegian financial company Nets, one of Northern Europe's largest providers of payment cards and payment solutions. Today, the brand BankAxept is managed by Finansn\u00e6ringens Fellesorganisasjon (FNO). FNO also administers the agreements for BankAxept. From 1 December 2011, it was no longer possible to use the magnet strip on BankAxept cards in payment terminals in Norway. From then on, you had to use the chip. To meet the challenges from new actors and new payment solutions, BankAxept AS was founded in April 2014. BankAxept AS develop new payment solutions in new channels. In this lies, among other things, contactless payments with card and mobile phone, and online payments. BankAxept AS is owned by the banks. BankAxept is a public service that makes it possible for a buyer to approve charge of their bank account in favour of a seller with an account in another bank. All Norwegian bank cards has at least BankAxept functionality and can, in addition to ATM withdrawals, be used in any business with a bank agreement on use of BankAxept. Most banks operating in Norway are offering their customers cards with BankAxept.", "William Jennings Bryan House (Lincoln, Nebraska) The William Jennings Bryan House, also known as Fairview, is a historic house museum on Sumner Street in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. Built in 1902-03, it is noteworthy as the home of politician William Jennings Bryan (1860-1925), and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1963. It is located on the Bryan Health hospital campus, and houses museum displays related to Bryan on the ground floor and the William Jennings Bryan Institute on the upper floors. The Williams Jenning Bryan House is located near the southeast corner of the Bryan Health campus, on the north side of Sumner Street opposite South 50th Street. The house is a brick building, 1-1/2 stories in height, with a combination of Classical Revival and Queen Anne Victorian styling. It has the varied rooflines typical of the latter style, including a two-story square turret at the right front corner, topped by a slightly bellcast pyramidal roof with flared edges. Window sizes and shapes are also varied, with a small Palladian window in one gable section, and a larger one on the second level of the tower. The house was built in 1902 to a design by Artemus A. Roberts, and is a high-quality example of what was at the time a popular style in Lincoln. It was built for Williams Jenning Bryan, a Democratic Party politician then at the height of is influence. He was three times an unsuccessful candidate for President of the United States (in 1896, 1900, and 1908), and gave the influential Cross of Gold speech to the 1896 Democratic Party Convention. The house served Bryan as both a private and public space. He hosted numerous gatherings, including political rallies and other public events, and also hosted prominent political figures of the day. In 1921, Bryan donated the house and of land to the Nebraska Methodist Conference for use as a hospital."], "answer": {"text": "He mostly spoke about Christianity, but covered a wide variety of topics.", "answer_start": 1440}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Chautauqua circuit?", "answer": {"text": "Bryan was the most popular speaker on the Chautauqua circuit, delivering thousands of paid speeches on current events", "answer_start": 1149, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_df74b75afbf54033b916a751c6faafef_1_q#2", "question": "What was his topic on Christianity about?", "rewrite": "What was William Jennings Bryan speech on Christianity about?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["William Jennings Bryan 1908 presidential campaign The 1908 U.S. Presidential election occurred in the backdrop of the Progressive achievements of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt's second term as well as against the U.S. recovery following the Panic of 1907. In this election, Roosevelt's chosen successor, Republican William Howard Taft, ran in large part on Roosevelt's Progressive legacy and decisively defeated former Congressman and three-time Democratic U.S. Presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan (who also advocated progressive ideas in his campaign). Overall, the 1908 presidential campaign and election were about labor issues, trusts, campaign finance reform, imperialism, and corruption. Democrat Alton Parker's defeat at the hands of President Theodore Roosevelt (who succeeded William McKinley after his assassination) in 1904 gave William Jennings Bryan, the 1896 and 1900 Democratic presidential nominee, an opening to reassert his leadership in the Democratic Party. Bryan also was helped by newspaper tycoon and 1904 contender William Randolph Hearst's loss in the 1905 New York mayoral election, which hurt Hearst's chances to get the 1908 Democratic presidential nomination. Bryan therefore was the front-runner. Bryan's most formidable challenger was Minnesota Governor John Albert Johnson. Johnson's rags-to-riches story, honesty, reformist credentials, and ability to win in a heavily Republican U.S. state made him popular within the Democratic Party. Johnson ultimately was unable to overcome Bryan, and by the end of June 1908 Bryan had the two-thirds of the delegates needed to win the nomination. At the 1908 Democratic National Convention, Johnson (who had no chance at the nomination by then) released his delegates to Bryan, helping Bryan to win the nomination on the first ballot with 892.5 votes to 105.5 votes for other (favorite son) candidates.", "William Jennings Bryan House (Lincoln, Nebraska) The William Jennings Bryan House, also known as Fairview, is a historic house museum on Sumner Street in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. Built in 1902-03, it is noteworthy as the home of politician William Jennings Bryan (1860-1925), and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1963. It is located on the Bryan Health hospital campus, and houses museum displays related to Bryan on the ground floor and the William Jennings Bryan Institute on the upper floors. The Williams Jenning Bryan House is located near the southeast corner of the Bryan Health campus, on the north side of Sumner Street opposite South 50th Street. The house is a brick building, 1-1/2 stories in height, with a combination of Classical Revival and Queen Anne Victorian styling. It has the varied rooflines typical of the latter style, including a two-story square turret at the right front corner, topped by a slightly bellcast pyramidal roof with flared edges. Window sizes and shapes are also varied, with a small Palladian window in one gable section, and a larger one on the second level of the tower. The house was built in 1902 to a design by Artemus A. Roberts, and is a high-quality example of what was at the time a popular style in Lincoln. It was built for Williams Jenning Bryan, a Democratic Party politician then at the height of is influence. He was three times an unsuccessful candidate for President of the United States (in 1896, 1900, and 1908), and gave the influential Cross of Gold speech to the 1896 Democratic Party Convention. The house served Bryan as both a private and public space. He hosted numerous gatherings, including political rallies and other public events, and also hosted prominent political figures of the day. In 1921, Bryan donated the house and of land to the Nebraska Methodist Conference for use as a hospital.", "William Jennings Bryan Boyhood Home The William Jennings Bryan Boyhood Home is a historic house located at 408 S. Broadway in Salem, Illinois. The house was the birthplace and boyhood home of William Jennings Bryan, three-time Democratic Party nominee for president. The two-story frame house was built in 1852 for Silas Bryan, an Illinois State Senator and father of William Jennings Bryan. William Jennings Bryan was born in the home in 1860. The city of Salem operates the home as a museum, including information and memorabilia about Bryan, his politics and his times. Bryan himself donated the house to the city in the early 1900s, as he wished for it to become a museum. The house features two main rooms in the front, a kitchen and a dining room in back, and three bedrooms upstairs. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.", "Bryan College Bryan College is a Christian liberal arts college in Dayton, Tennessee, United States. It was founded in the aftermath of the 1925 Scopes Trial to establish an institution of higher education that would teach from a Christian worldview. During the Scopes Trial in 1925, William Jennings Bryan expressed the wish that a school might be established in Dayton, \"to teach truth from a Biblical perspective\". Following his death on July 26, 1925, a national memorial association was formed to establish such an institution in Bryan\u2019s honor. William Jennings Bryan University was chartered in 1930. Its stated purpose was to provide \u201cfor the purpose of establishing, conducting and perpetuating a university for the higher education of men and women under auspices distinctly Christian and spiritual, as a testimony to the supreme glory of the Lord Jesus Christ, and to the Divine inspiration and infallibility of the Bible,\u201d and its mission statement is \"Educating Students to become Servants of Christ to make a Difference in Today's World.\" In 1958, it was designated William Jennings Bryan College, and the name was shortened to Bryan College in 1993. Bryan College is a member of the Tennessee Independent Colleges and Universities Association (TICUA), the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA), the Appalachian College Association (ACA), and the Association of Christian Schools International (ACSI). The Bryan College campus in Dayton is with 20 buildings, 7 of which are residence halls. Its association with the Scopes Trial has led to its addition as a stop along the Southeast Tennessee Religious Trail. Bryan has been accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools since 1969. Bryan ranks 71st in the U.S. News & World Report for Regional Universities in the South as of the 2019 rankings. In 2015, the college ranked 22nd and was formerly ranked 4th among the \"Up and Coming\" institutions in its category by the same publisher in 2012.", "In announcing the marriage, \"The New York Times\" noted that \"Preparations [Were] Under Way to Make It an Elaborate Society Event.\" But the big society wedding never transpired. Bryan opposed the match, because of the difference in ages of the couple, as well as the fact that Ruth had just begun college. The couple married, in a small civil ceremony \u2013 described by the newspapers as 'informal' \u2013 attended by Bryan's parents, the members of Miss Bryan's college sorority and the widow of the college president and minister who had married William Jennings Bryan and his wife. William Leavitt's mother traveled to Nebraska from Rhode Island for the wedding, which was held in the Bryan home at Lincoln. \" In accordance with Miss Bryan's wishes and those of her parents,\" noted The Oswego Daily Times, \"the wedding appointments will be void of any attempt at elaboration.\" Following the abbreviated ceremony, painter Leavitt and his wife departed for the East Coast and the South, and briefly to Europe where they honeymooned. Later the couple settled at their home at 81 Pelham Street in Newport, Rhode Island, where Leavitt set himself up in a studio devoted to his portraiture. But the union was apparently rocky from the start, and within six years Leavitt had departed for Paris to paint, and his wife sued for divorce on the grounds of non-support. William Jennings Bryan, a devout Presbyterian, was said to have opposed the divorce on religious grounds. Nevertheless, in 1909 Bryan's daughter's petition for divorce based on non-support was granted. Following the divorce, Ruth Bryan Leavitt (as she continued to be known) often filled her father's shoes in his speaking engagements. The couple had two children, Ruth and Bryan Leavitt, who were favorites of grandfather William Jennings Bryan."], "answer": {"text": "stressed that Christian theology was the solid foundation of morality,", "answer_start": 1600}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Chautauqua circuit?", "answer": {"text": "Bryan was the most popular speaker on the Chautauqua circuit, delivering thousands of paid speeches on current events", "answer_start": 1149, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What are some examples of the topics that he spoke about?", "answer": {"text": "He mostly spoke about Christianity, but covered a wide variety of topics.", "answer_start": 1440, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_df74b75afbf54033b916a751c6faafef_1_q#3", "question": "What is another topic that he spoke on?", "rewrite": "Besides Christianity, what is another topic William Jennings Bryan spoke on?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["William Jennings Bryan Boyhood Home The William Jennings Bryan Boyhood Home is a historic house located at 408 S. Broadway in Salem, Illinois. The house was the birthplace and boyhood home of William Jennings Bryan, three-time Democratic Party nominee for president. The two-story frame house was built in 1852 for Silas Bryan, an Illinois State Senator and father of William Jennings Bryan. William Jennings Bryan was born in the home in 1860. The city of Salem operates the home as a museum, including information and memorabilia about Bryan, his politics and his times. Bryan himself donated the house to the city in the early 1900s, as he wished for it to become a museum. The house features two main rooms in the front, a kitchen and a dining room in back, and three bedrooms upstairs. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.", "William Jennings Bryan House (Lincoln, Nebraska) The William Jennings Bryan House, also known as Fairview, is a historic house museum on Sumner Street in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. Built in 1902-03, it is noteworthy as the home of politician William Jennings Bryan (1860-1925), and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1963. It is located on the Bryan Health hospital campus, and houses museum displays related to Bryan on the ground floor and the William Jennings Bryan Institute on the upper floors. The Williams Jenning Bryan House is located near the southeast corner of the Bryan Health campus, on the north side of Sumner Street opposite South 50th Street. The house is a brick building, 1-1/2 stories in height, with a combination of Classical Revival and Queen Anne Victorian styling. It has the varied rooflines typical of the latter style, including a two-story square turret at the right front corner, topped by a slightly bellcast pyramidal roof with flared edges. Window sizes and shapes are also varied, with a small Palladian window in one gable section, and a larger one on the second level of the tower. The house was built in 1902 to a design by Artemus A. Roberts, and is a high-quality example of what was at the time a popular style in Lincoln. It was built for Williams Jenning Bryan, a Democratic Party politician then at the height of is influence. He was three times an unsuccessful candidate for President of the United States (in 1896, 1900, and 1908), and gave the influential Cross of Gold speech to the 1896 Democratic Party Convention. The house served Bryan as both a private and public space. He hosted numerous gatherings, including political rallies and other public events, and also hosted prominent political figures of the day. In 1921, Bryan donated the house and of land to the Nebraska Methodist Conference for use as a hospital.", "Bryan College Bryan College is a Christian liberal arts college in Dayton, Tennessee, United States. It was founded in the aftermath of the 1925 Scopes Trial to establish an institution of higher education that would teach from a Christian worldview. During the Scopes Trial in 1925, William Jennings Bryan expressed the wish that a school might be established in Dayton, \"to teach truth from a Biblical perspective\". Following his death on July 26, 1925, a national memorial association was formed to establish such an institution in Bryan\u2019s honor. William Jennings Bryan University was chartered in 1930. Its stated purpose was to provide \u201cfor the purpose of establishing, conducting and perpetuating a university for the higher education of men and women under auspices distinctly Christian and spiritual, as a testimony to the supreme glory of the Lord Jesus Christ, and to the Divine inspiration and infallibility of the Bible,\u201d and its mission statement is \"Educating Students to become Servants of Christ to make a Difference in Today's World.\" In 1958, it was designated William Jennings Bryan College, and the name was shortened to Bryan College in 1993. Bryan College is a member of the Tennessee Independent Colleges and Universities Association (TICUA), the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA), the Appalachian College Association (ACA), and the Association of Christian Schools International (ACSI). The Bryan College campus in Dayton is with 20 buildings, 7 of which are residence halls. Its association with the Scopes Trial has led to its addition as a stop along the Southeast Tennessee Religious Trail. Bryan has been accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools since 1969. Bryan ranks 71st in the U.S. News & World Report for Regional Universities in the South as of the 2019 rankings. In 2015, the college ranked 22nd and was formerly ranked 4th among the \"Up and Coming\" institutions in its category by the same publisher in 2012.", "William Jennings Bryan 1908 presidential campaign The 1908 U.S. Presidential election occurred in the backdrop of the Progressive achievements of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt's second term as well as against the U.S. recovery following the Panic of 1907. In this election, Roosevelt's chosen successor, Republican William Howard Taft, ran in large part on Roosevelt's Progressive legacy and decisively defeated former Congressman and three-time Democratic U.S. Presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan (who also advocated progressive ideas in his campaign). Overall, the 1908 presidential campaign and election were about labor issues, trusts, campaign finance reform, imperialism, and corruption. Democrat Alton Parker's defeat at the hands of President Theodore Roosevelt (who succeeded William McKinley after his assassination) in 1904 gave William Jennings Bryan, the 1896 and 1900 Democratic presidential nominee, an opening to reassert his leadership in the Democratic Party. Bryan also was helped by newspaper tycoon and 1904 contender William Randolph Hearst's loss in the 1905 New York mayoral election, which hurt Hearst's chances to get the 1908 Democratic presidential nomination. Bryan therefore was the front-runner. Bryan's most formidable challenger was Minnesota Governor John Albert Johnson. Johnson's rags-to-riches story, honesty, reformist credentials, and ability to win in a heavily Republican U.S. state made him popular within the Democratic Party. Johnson ultimately was unable to overcome Bryan, and by the end of June 1908 Bryan had the two-thirds of the delegates needed to win the nomination. At the 1908 Democratic National Convention, Johnson (who had no chance at the nomination by then) released his delegates to Bryan, helping Bryan to win the nomination on the first ballot with 892.5 votes to 105.5 votes for other (favorite son) candidates.", "In announcing the marriage, \"The New York Times\" noted that \"Preparations [Were] Under Way to Make It an Elaborate Society Event.\" But the big society wedding never transpired. Bryan opposed the match, because of the difference in ages of the couple, as well as the fact that Ruth had just begun college. The couple married, in a small civil ceremony \u2013 described by the newspapers as 'informal' \u2013 attended by Bryan's parents, the members of Miss Bryan's college sorority and the widow of the college president and minister who had married William Jennings Bryan and his wife. William Leavitt's mother traveled to Nebraska from Rhode Island for the wedding, which was held in the Bryan home at Lincoln. \" In accordance with Miss Bryan's wishes and those of her parents,\" noted The Oswego Daily Times, \"the wedding appointments will be void of any attempt at elaboration.\" Following the abbreviated ceremony, painter Leavitt and his wife departed for the East Coast and the South, and briefly to Europe where they honeymooned. Later the couple settled at their home at 81 Pelham Street in Newport, Rhode Island, where Leavitt set himself up in a studio devoted to his portraiture. But the union was apparently rocky from the start, and within six years Leavitt had departed for Paris to paint, and his wife sued for divorce on the grounds of non-support. William Jennings Bryan, a devout Presbyterian, was said to have opposed the divorce on religious grounds. Nevertheless, in 1909 Bryan's daughter's petition for divorce based on non-support was granted. Following the divorce, Ruth Bryan Leavitt (as she continued to be known) often filled her father's shoes in his speaking engagements. The couple had two children, Ruth and Bryan Leavitt, who were favorites of grandfather William Jennings Bryan."], "answer": {"text": "In a 1905 speech, Bryan warned that \"the Darwinian theory represents man reaching his present perfection by the operation of the law of hate,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Chautauqua circuit?", "answer": {"text": "Bryan was the most popular speaker on the Chautauqua circuit, delivering thousands of paid speeches on current events", "answer_start": 1149, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What are some examples of the topics that he spoke about?", "answer": {"text": "He mostly spoke about Christianity, but covered a wide variety of topics.", "answer_start": 1440, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What was his topic on Christianity about?", "answer": {"text": "stressed that Christian theology was the solid foundation of morality,", "answer_start": 1600, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_df74b75afbf54033b916a751c6faafef_1_q#4", "question": "Did he do any other work besides speeches during this period?", "rewrite": "Did William Jennings Bryan do any other work besides speeches from 1900-1912?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["William Jennings Bryan 1908 presidential campaign The 1908 U.S. Presidential election occurred in the backdrop of the Progressive achievements of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt's second term as well as against the U.S. recovery following the Panic of 1907. In this election, Roosevelt's chosen successor, Republican William Howard Taft, ran in large part on Roosevelt's Progressive legacy and decisively defeated former Congressman and three-time Democratic U.S. Presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan (who also advocated progressive ideas in his campaign). Overall, the 1908 presidential campaign and election were about labor issues, trusts, campaign finance reform, imperialism, and corruption. Democrat Alton Parker's defeat at the hands of President Theodore Roosevelt (who succeeded William McKinley after his assassination) in 1904 gave William Jennings Bryan, the 1896 and 1900 Democratic presidential nominee, an opening to reassert his leadership in the Democratic Party. Bryan also was helped by newspaper tycoon and 1904 contender William Randolph Hearst's loss in the 1905 New York mayoral election, which hurt Hearst's chances to get the 1908 Democratic presidential nomination. Bryan therefore was the front-runner. Bryan's most formidable challenger was Minnesota Governor John Albert Johnson. Johnson's rags-to-riches story, honesty, reformist credentials, and ability to win in a heavily Republican U.S. state made him popular within the Democratic Party. Johnson ultimately was unable to overcome Bryan, and by the end of June 1908 Bryan had the two-thirds of the delegates needed to win the nomination. At the 1908 Democratic National Convention, Johnson (who had no chance at the nomination by then) released his delegates to Bryan, helping Bryan to win the nomination on the first ballot with 892.5 votes to 105.5 votes for other (favorite son) candidates.", "William Jennings Bryan House (Lincoln, Nebraska) The William Jennings Bryan House, also known as Fairview, is a historic house museum on Sumner Street in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. Built in 1902-03, it is noteworthy as the home of politician William Jennings Bryan (1860-1925), and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1963. It is located on the Bryan Health hospital campus, and houses museum displays related to Bryan on the ground floor and the William Jennings Bryan Institute on the upper floors. The Williams Jenning Bryan House is located near the southeast corner of the Bryan Health campus, on the north side of Sumner Street opposite South 50th Street. The house is a brick building, 1-1/2 stories in height, with a combination of Classical Revival and Queen Anne Victorian styling. It has the varied rooflines typical of the latter style, including a two-story square turret at the right front corner, topped by a slightly bellcast pyramidal roof with flared edges. Window sizes and shapes are also varied, with a small Palladian window in one gable section, and a larger one on the second level of the tower. The house was built in 1902 to a design by Artemus A. Roberts, and is a high-quality example of what was at the time a popular style in Lincoln. It was built for Williams Jenning Bryan, a Democratic Party politician then at the height of is influence. He was three times an unsuccessful candidate for President of the United States (in 1896, 1900, and 1908), and gave the influential Cross of Gold speech to the 1896 Democratic Party Convention. The house served Bryan as both a private and public space. He hosted numerous gatherings, including political rallies and other public events, and also hosted prominent political figures of the day. In 1921, Bryan donated the house and of land to the Nebraska Methodist Conference for use as a hospital.", "William Jennings Bryan 1900 presidential campaign The 1900 United States presidential election took place after an economic recovery from the Panic of 1893 as well as after the Spanish\u2013American War, with the economy, foreign policy, and imperialism being the main issues of the campaign. Ultimately, the incumbent U.S. President William McKinley ended up defeating the anti-imperialist William Jennings Bryan and thus won a second four-year term in office. Initially, Admiral George Dewey was the front-runner for the 1900 Democratic presidential nomination after his 1898 victory at the Battle of Manila Bay (during the Spanish\u2013American War). However, the fact that he married a Catholic widow (and gave her a house that grateful citizens had donated to him) as well his lack of knowledge about the role and power of the U.S. Presidency (Dewey said that the U.S. President merely executed the laws that the U.S. Congress passed) caused support for Dewey's candidacy to crumble. With the implosion of Dewey's candidacy, 1896 Democratic presidential nominee and former Congressman William Jennings Bryan became the front-runner for the 1900 Democratic presidential nomination. Even though various prominent Democrats tried to convince Bryan to drop his support of free silver (due to the fact that, unlike in the 1896 election, the economy was recovering and in good shape at this point in time), Bryan refused and threatened to run as an independent if the Democrats didn't adopt a pro-free silver plank. Ultimately, Bryan won out and free silver was put into the 1900 Democratic platform by a one-vote margin--with Bryan becoming the 1900 Democratic presidential nominee. In addition, the Democrats criticized the Republicans for their imperialism, for the Philippine\u2013American War, and for the proliferation of trusts. Meanwhile, the Republicans re-nominated incumbent U.S. President William McKinley and chose New York Governor Theodore Roosevelt as McKinley's running mate", "William Jennings Bryan Boyhood Home The William Jennings Bryan Boyhood Home is a historic house located at 408 S. Broadway in Salem, Illinois. The house was the birthplace and boyhood home of William Jennings Bryan, three-time Democratic Party nominee for president. The two-story frame house was built in 1852 for Silas Bryan, an Illinois State Senator and father of William Jennings Bryan. William Jennings Bryan was born in the home in 1860. The city of Salem operates the home as a museum, including information and memorabilia about Bryan, his politics and his times. Bryan himself donated the house to the city in the early 1900s, as he wished for it to become a museum. The house features two main rooms in the front, a kitchen and a dining room in back, and three bedrooms upstairs. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.", "In announcing the marriage, \"The New York Times\" noted that \"Preparations [Were] Under Way to Make It an Elaborate Society Event.\" But the big society wedding never transpired. Bryan opposed the match, because of the difference in ages of the couple, as well as the fact that Ruth had just begun college. The couple married, in a small civil ceremony \u2013 described by the newspapers as 'informal' \u2013 attended by Bryan's parents, the members of Miss Bryan's college sorority and the widow of the college president and minister who had married William Jennings Bryan and his wife. William Leavitt's mother traveled to Nebraska from Rhode Island for the wedding, which was held in the Bryan home at Lincoln. \" In accordance with Miss Bryan's wishes and those of her parents,\" noted The Oswego Daily Times, \"the wedding appointments will be void of any attempt at elaboration.\" Following the abbreviated ceremony, painter Leavitt and his wife departed for the East Coast and the South, and briefly to Europe where they honeymooned. Later the couple settled at their home at 81 Pelham Street in Newport, Rhode Island, where Leavitt set himself up in a studio devoted to his portraiture. But the union was apparently rocky from the start, and within six years Leavitt had departed for Paris to paint, and his wife sued for divorce on the grounds of non-support. William Jennings Bryan, a devout Presbyterian, was said to have opposed the divorce on religious grounds. Nevertheless, in 1909 Bryan's daughter's petition for divorce based on non-support was granted. Following the divorce, Ruth Bryan Leavitt (as she continued to be known) often filled her father's shoes in his speaking engagements. The couple had two children, Ruth and Bryan Leavitt, who were favorites of grandfather William Jennings Bryan."], "answer": {"text": "Bryan threw himself into the work of the Social Gospel. He served in organizations", "answer_start": 470}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Chautauqua circuit?", "answer": {"text": "Bryan was the most popular speaker on the Chautauqua circuit, delivering thousands of paid speeches on current events", "answer_start": 1149, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What are some examples of the topics that he spoke about?", "answer": {"text": "He mostly spoke about Christianity, but covered a wide variety of topics.", "answer_start": 1440, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What was his topic on Christianity about?", "answer": {"text": "stressed that Christian theology was the solid foundation of morality,", "answer_start": 1600, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What is another topic that he spoke on?", "answer": {"text": "In a 1905 speech, Bryan warned that \"the Darwinian theory represents man reaching his present perfection by the operation of the law of hate,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 3}}]}
{"qid": "C_df74b75afbf54033b916a751c6faafef_1_q#5", "question": "What organizations did he serve in?", "rewrite": "What organizations did William Jennings Bryan serve in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bryan College Bryan College is a Christian liberal arts college in Dayton, Tennessee, United States. It was founded in the aftermath of the 1925 Scopes Trial to establish an institution of higher education that would teach from a Christian worldview. During the Scopes Trial in 1925, William Jennings Bryan expressed the wish that a school might be established in Dayton, \"to teach truth from a Biblical perspective\". Following his death on July 26, 1925, a national memorial association was formed to establish such an institution in Bryan\u2019s honor. William Jennings Bryan University was chartered in 1930. Its stated purpose was to provide \u201cfor the purpose of establishing, conducting and perpetuating a university for the higher education of men and women under auspices distinctly Christian and spiritual, as a testimony to the supreme glory of the Lord Jesus Christ, and to the Divine inspiration and infallibility of the Bible,\u201d and its mission statement is \"Educating Students to become Servants of Christ to make a Difference in Today's World.\" In 1958, it was designated William Jennings Bryan College, and the name was shortened to Bryan College in 1993. Bryan College is a member of the Tennessee Independent Colleges and Universities Association (TICUA), the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA), the Appalachian College Association (ACA), and the Association of Christian Schools International (ACSI). The Bryan College campus in Dayton is with 20 buildings, 7 of which are residence halls. Its association with the Scopes Trial has led to its addition as a stop along the Southeast Tennessee Religious Trail. Bryan has been accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools since 1969. Bryan ranks 71st in the U.S. News & World Report for Regional Universities in the South as of the 2019 rankings. In 2015, the college ranked 22nd and was formerly ranked 4th among the \"Up and Coming\" institutions in its category by the same publisher in 2012.", "William Jennings Bryan Boyhood Home The William Jennings Bryan Boyhood Home is a historic house located at 408 S. Broadway in Salem, Illinois. The house was the birthplace and boyhood home of William Jennings Bryan, three-time Democratic Party nominee for president. The two-story frame house was built in 1852 for Silas Bryan, an Illinois State Senator and father of William Jennings Bryan. William Jennings Bryan was born in the home in 1860. The city of Salem operates the home as a museum, including information and memorabilia about Bryan, his politics and his times. Bryan himself donated the house to the city in the early 1900s, as he wished for it to become a museum. The house features two main rooms in the front, a kitchen and a dining room in back, and three bedrooms upstairs. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.", "In announcing the marriage, \"The New York Times\" noted that \"Preparations [Were] Under Way to Make It an Elaborate Society Event.\" But the big society wedding never transpired. Bryan opposed the match, because of the difference in ages of the couple, as well as the fact that Ruth had just begun college. The couple married, in a small civil ceremony \u2013 described by the newspapers as 'informal' \u2013 attended by Bryan's parents, the members of Miss Bryan's college sorority and the widow of the college president and minister who had married William Jennings Bryan and his wife. William Leavitt's mother traveled to Nebraska from Rhode Island for the wedding, which was held in the Bryan home at Lincoln. \" In accordance with Miss Bryan's wishes and those of her parents,\" noted The Oswego Daily Times, \"the wedding appointments will be void of any attempt at elaboration.\" Following the abbreviated ceremony, painter Leavitt and his wife departed for the East Coast and the South, and briefly to Europe where they honeymooned. Later the couple settled at their home at 81 Pelham Street in Newport, Rhode Island, where Leavitt set himself up in a studio devoted to his portraiture. But the union was apparently rocky from the start, and within six years Leavitt had departed for Paris to paint, and his wife sued for divorce on the grounds of non-support. William Jennings Bryan, a devout Presbyterian, was said to have opposed the divorce on religious grounds. Nevertheless, in 1909 Bryan's daughter's petition for divorce based on non-support was granted. Following the divorce, Ruth Bryan Leavitt (as she continued to be known) often filled her father's shoes in his speaking engagements. The couple had two children, Ruth and Bryan Leavitt, who were favorites of grandfather William Jennings Bryan.", "William Jennings Bryan House (Lincoln, Nebraska) The William Jennings Bryan House, also known as Fairview, is a historic house museum on Sumner Street in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. Built in 1902-03, it is noteworthy as the home of politician William Jennings Bryan (1860-1925), and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1963. It is located on the Bryan Health hospital campus, and houses museum displays related to Bryan on the ground floor and the William Jennings Bryan Institute on the upper floors. The Williams Jenning Bryan House is located near the southeast corner of the Bryan Health campus, on the north side of Sumner Street opposite South 50th Street. The house is a brick building, 1-1/2 stories in height, with a combination of Classical Revival and Queen Anne Victorian styling. It has the varied rooflines typical of the latter style, including a two-story square turret at the right front corner, topped by a slightly bellcast pyramidal roof with flared edges. Window sizes and shapes are also varied, with a small Palladian window in one gable section, and a larger one on the second level of the tower. The house was built in 1902 to a design by Artemus A. Roberts, and is a high-quality example of what was at the time a popular style in Lincoln. It was built for Williams Jenning Bryan, a Democratic Party politician then at the height of is influence. He was three times an unsuccessful candidate for President of the United States (in 1896, 1900, and 1908), and gave the influential Cross of Gold speech to the 1896 Democratic Party Convention. The house served Bryan as both a private and public space. He hosted numerous gatherings, including political rallies and other public events, and also hosted prominent political figures of the day. In 1921, Bryan donated the house and of land to the Nebraska Methodist Conference for use as a hospital.", "William Jennings Bryan 1908 presidential campaign The 1908 U.S. Presidential election occurred in the backdrop of the Progressive achievements of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt's second term as well as against the U.S. recovery following the Panic of 1907. In this election, Roosevelt's chosen successor, Republican William Howard Taft, ran in large part on Roosevelt's Progressive legacy and decisively defeated former Congressman and three-time Democratic U.S. Presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan (who also advocated progressive ideas in his campaign). Overall, the 1908 presidential campaign and election were about labor issues, trusts, campaign finance reform, imperialism, and corruption. Democrat Alton Parker's defeat at the hands of President Theodore Roosevelt (who succeeded William McKinley after his assassination) in 1904 gave William Jennings Bryan, the 1896 and 1900 Democratic presidential nominee, an opening to reassert his leadership in the Democratic Party. Bryan also was helped by newspaper tycoon and 1904 contender William Randolph Hearst's loss in the 1905 New York mayoral election, which hurt Hearst's chances to get the 1908 Democratic presidential nomination. Bryan therefore was the front-runner. Bryan's most formidable challenger was Minnesota Governor John Albert Johnson. Johnson's rags-to-riches story, honesty, reformist credentials, and ability to win in a heavily Republican U.S. state made him popular within the Democratic Party. Johnson ultimately was unable to overcome Bryan, and by the end of June 1908 Bryan had the two-thirds of the delegates needed to win the nomination. At the 1908 Democratic National Convention, Johnson (who had no chance at the nomination by then) released his delegates to Bryan, helping Bryan to win the nomination on the first ballot with 892.5 votes to 105.5 votes for other (favorite son) candidates."], "answer": {"text": "he sat on the temperance committee of the Federal Council of Churches,", "answer_start": 589}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Chautauqua circuit?", "answer": {"text": "Bryan was the most popular speaker on the Chautauqua circuit, delivering thousands of paid speeches on current events", "answer_start": 1149, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What are some examples of the topics that he spoke about?", "answer": {"text": "He mostly spoke about Christianity, but covered a wide variety of topics.", "answer_start": 1440, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What was his topic on Christianity about?", "answer": {"text": "stressed that Christian theology was the solid foundation of morality,", "answer_start": 1600, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What is another topic that he spoke on?", "answer": {"text": "In a 1905 speech, Bryan warned that \"the Darwinian theory represents man reaching his present perfection by the operation of the law of hate,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Did he do any other work besides speeches during this period?", "answer": {"text": "Bryan threw himself into the work of the Social Gospel. He served in organizations", "answer_start": 470, "bid": 3}}]}
{"qid": "C_acd4847576094149b667e24018a5f6f3_1_q#0", "question": "Did Rafi continue singing?", "rewrite": "Did Rafi continue singing?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Prime (film) Prime is a 2005 American romantic comedy-drama film starring Uma Thurman, Meryl Streep, and Bryan Greenberg. It was written and directed by Ben Younger. The film grossed $67,937,503 worldwide. Rafi is a recently divorced, 37-year-old career woman from Manhattan who becomes romantically involved with David, a talented 23-year-old painter from the Upper West Side. Rafi shares all her secrets with her therapist Lisa who, unbeknownst to Rafi, is David's mother. Lisa is supportive of Rafi's relationship with a younger man before she learns who he is, discovers the connection and finds herself not only faced with the ethical and moral dilemma of counselling David's girlfriend, but also the reality that she feels differently about the relationship now that she knows her son is involved. Lisa consults her own therapist, and they decide that it is in the best interest of her patient Rafi for Lisa to continue treatment, as long as the relationship remains the \"fling\" it appears to be. However, Lisa soon realizes that the relationship is serious, and tells Rafi that she is David's mother. Feeling embarrassed and betrayed, Rafi ends her treatment with Lisa. Their differences causing problems between them, Rafi and David break up. A couple of weeks later, David is enjoying a night on the town with his best friend Morris; David gets drunk and ends up sleeping with Sue, Rafi's friend from work. The same day, after bumping into each other at the supermarket and going back to David's place, David and Rafi start seeing each other again. They also try to make the relationship stronger by going to a Friday night dinner with David's family.", "The rift between Rafi and Lisa is patched up, although Rafi brings up the possibility of her and David having children, to which Lisa reacts strongly. A few days later, Rafi discovers that David had slept with Sue, and David and Rafi fight. After sulking for some time, David goes to seek Lisa's help as both his mother and as a therapist. She advises him to do what he can to keep the relationship, because it was through Rafi that Lisa was able to understand David's career as an artist. David goes back to Rafi to apologize and offer to give her a child because that is what she wants the most. Rafi realizes how deep David's love must be for him to make such a sacrifice. Somehow, they both conclude that love is not enough to keep a relationship going, and they break up. A year later, David and Morris are seen leaving the first restaurant where he and Rafi had their first proper date. Going back to retrieve his forgotten hat, David spots Rafi but she does not see him; he gets his hat, rushes out the door, and hides. He defrosts the glass a bit to watch her, and she turns around and sees him. They share a smile before parting. The role of Rafi was originally going to be played by Sandra Bullock. Bullock completed rehearsals with Younger and Greenberg, but pulled out just before filming began, because she wanted major script changes, and the director was not willing to change the script. Bryan Greenberg's trip to New York to film this movie is documented as part of HBO's semi-reality series \"Unscripted\". The soundtrack is a mix of different music genres such as jazz and pop. The composer of this soundtrack is Ryan Shore. Rotten Tomatoes gave the film score of 50% based on 117 reviews.", "Mohammed Rafi Academy Mohammed Rafi Academy is a music school in Mumbai for Indian classical and contemporary music. It was launched by Shahid Rafi on 31 July 2010, the 30th death anniversary of his father and the legendary Hindi film singer, Mohammed Rafi. The Academy was launched at the hands of legendary Bollywood actor Shammi Kapoor who said he felt he lost his voice when somebody told him that Mohammed Rafi had died. A few other legends and personalities of Hindi film industry who attended the launch ceremony included Ameen Sayani, Dara Singh, Naqsh Lyallpuri, Jeetendra, Rakesh Roshan, Ravi, Pyarelal, Chandrasekhar, Anandji, Bappi Lahiri, Sanjay Khan, Salman Khan, Shah Rukh Khan, Ravindra Jain, Rishi Kapoor, Jackie Shroff, Adnan Sami Khan, Shabbir Kumar, Nitin Mukesh, Muhnish Mukesh, Amit Kumar, Udit Narayan, among others. Also present at the event were two daughters of Mohammed Rafi, viz. Nisreen and Yasmeen with their families. The Academy is registered under Societies Registration Act of 1860 & Bombay Public Trust Act of 1950 and situated at 501, Rafi Mansion, house of Mohammed Rafi. Apart from Shahid Rafi, son of late Mohammed Rafi, the Academy consists of Raju Naushad (Secretary), Andalib Majrooh Sultanpuri, Javed Shakeel Badayuni & Rohan Mahendra Kapoor, sons of legendary Hindi film music personalities besides Manek Premchand, Kaka JP, H.A.Makhijani, Raashid Zaffar, Shirish Kulkarni & Camaal Mustafa Sikander.", "Rafael "Rafi" Alvarez Rafael \"Rafi\" Alvarez is a fictional character played by actor Alex Fernandez on the CBS television crime drama \"Without a Trace\". He is the older brother of Danny Taylor. Rafi and Danny come from a troubled background. Their father was an alcoholic and Rafi spent much of their childhood protecting Danny from their father's abuse. However, after their parents were killed in a car accident, Danny and his brother were put into foster care. Rafi became a drug addict and small-time criminal and was sentenced to prison. Eventually, Danny, who had straightened out his life, wanted to distance himself from Rafi and his past, so he changed his surname from Alvarez to Taylor. Danny did not want anything to do with Rafi, until Sylvia Marquez, Rafi's girlfriend and mother of his son, Nicky, came looking for him and Danny finally agreed to testify on his behalf at his parole hearing. Rafi was paroled and started working in Sylvia's brother's garage, but ran into trouble again when he tried to start his own garage. Sylvia called Danny when he disappeared, and he discovered Rafi had become addicted to drugs again. Danny was able to find him and finally reconcile totally with him.", "It contains his personal as well as albums information. Esakhelvi was born in Esa Kheil, Mianwali, Punjab Province, Pakistan as Attaullah Khan Niazi. Niazi is a populous Pashtun tribe based in extreme north-west Punjab province of Pakistan and eastern regions of Afghanistan. Attaullah developed an interest in music as a child, but music was strictly forbidden in his home. Despite the restriction on music in his home, Attaullah secretly sought to learn more about music. His school teacher taught him Mohammed Rafi and Mukesh songs and told him never to stop singing. Attaullah tried to explain his passion for music to his parents and convince them to let him sing, but they forbade him to continue singing. Disillusioned, Attaullah left home when he was 18 years old. He traveled extensively within Pakistan and supported himself by working from Mianwali. He is most popular in rural areas of Pakistan and some other countries in world. Esakhelvi continued his training after leaving his parents' home and often recorded himself on cassette tapes that he later distributed. In 1972, Esakhelvi was invited to perform on Radio Pakistan, Bahawalpur. That same year, he performed in a concert in Mianwali. Esakhelvi performed on the television show Neelam Ghar in 1973. He was invited by a company in Faisalabad to record folk songs in their studio, and recorded four albums in one recording session. The albums were released at the end of 1977 and became national bestsellers. In 1980, Esakhelvi performed in the United Kingdom for the first time. It was also his first concert abroad. His albums were eventually released in UK under various labels, including Hi-tech, OSA and Moviebox."], "answer": {"text": "Rafi made a comeback as the leading singer", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_acd4847576094149b667e24018a5f6f3_1_q#1", "question": "What song did he make famous?", "rewrite": "What song did Raffi make famous?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kirsty decides to leave Warren in the wake of her attack, accepting she is a \"victim\" and admitting to Nita that she is frightened of Warren. Gaskell stated that this is \"a real wake-up call\" for Kirsty, who briefly considers staying with Adam until she realises Warren would look for her there, endangering her and Nita. Kirsty decides to leave Holby and Gaskell stated that Kirsty believes Warren would \"kill her\" if he found her. Adam realises that Kirsty is leaving, which she confirms, before leaving Adam a \"hurriedly written\" note and returning home. As she packs her belongings, Warren returns and confronts Kirsty. Gaskell explained that when Warren finds Kirsty, he becomes \"scared\" that he may lose control so grows \"increasingly violent\", which the actress said is \"the most dangerous time\" for Kirsty. Kirsty and Warren argue and when Adam arrives at the house, he discovers an unconscious Warren at the bottom of the staircase. Following his fall, Warren is left comatose while Kirsty remains at his bedside, hoping he will die. Gaskell explained that Kirsty is \"terrified\" that Warren will murder her if he regains consciousness. When Warren's mother, Cathy (Mary Jo Randle), arrives at the hospital, Kirsty reveals that Warren is abusing her and is horrified when Cathy is unsurprised, causing them to argue. When Warren awakes from the coma, Kirsty becomes worried and alerts Adam, which Cathy tells Warren. He becomes enraged and confronts Adam, warning him to stay away from Kirsty. Warren becomes exhausted and punches Kirsty, appalling Kirsty who leaves with Nita.", "Kirsty was shown to be attracted to her co receptionist at the clinic, Marj's (Elizabeth McRae) teenage son Stuart Neilson (Martin Henderson). The two had a brief flirtation but the Catholic Stuart refused to have sex. Kirsty moved onto his brother, Darryl (Mark Ferguson) who Stuart warned Kirsty was dangerous. After being rejected by Kirsty, Darryl attempted to rape her. Kirsty and Stuart finally had sex when Stuart went into a depression. Kirsty considered leaving the hospital to work for Noel Sturgess (Martyn Sanderson), but stayed for Stuart. In 1993 Stuart continued to reject Kirsty and she started to date much older man, Shane (Richard Hanna) but she was shocked when Darryl makes his return to the clinic. Kirsty helped clear Stuart of burglary but found herself unfulfilled dating Shane and they broke up. In 1994 Kirsty lost her job following being framed for robbery by Katherine Blake (Margaret Umbers) but soon got rehired when Kirsty unveiled Katherine as a murderer. She dated Greg Feeney (Tim Balme) but he fled and left Kirsty with an HIV scare. Good friend Lionel Skeggins (John Leigh) supported her through the ordeal, but Kirsty returned to Greg. It did not last however and Kirsty and Lionel reconciled and decided to marry. However midway through the ceremony, Stuart interrupted and pronounced his love, prompted by Darryl. Despite Stuart's intervention, the two married shortly after in 1995. The marriage started to turn rocky however and when Lionel fell into a coma due to Darryl's dodgey drugs, Kirsty confronted her nemesis on a boat, only for Darryl to drown. Following a trip to Hollywood, Kirsty and Lionel fell out and separated.", "When \"F\u00f6rvaltare\" was introduced in 1936 the rank was given a \"tj\u00e4nstest\u00e4llning\" equal to \"l\u00f6jtnant\". Thus many of the grievances regarding the lowered status in 1901 were addressed. In 1949 the possibility to work as \"underbef\u00e4l\"(manskap higher than menig) on similar terms as officers and warrant officers was introduced. That is, not all corporals had to re-enlist regularly and quit while in their 30s but could work until retirement. During World War II, there was a serious shortage of officers because of drastic cuts in the 1920s. It was therefore decided to introduce conscript warrant officers(underofficerare). Later conscript officers were introduced with ranks of f\u00e4nrik to kapten. \u00d6verbef\u00e4l
\"Officerare\" Underbef\u00e4l \"Underofficerare\" \"Manskap\" \u00d6verbef\u00e4l
\"Officerare\" Underbef\u00e4l \"Underofficerare\" \"Manskap\" Officerare Underofficerare Underbef\u00e4l Menig In 1953 the enlistment system was abolished. Instead of starting a military career by enlisting for three years as a private, one was employed as junior NCO in the new \"underbef\u00e4l\" corps directly after the conscript service with the rank of \"korpral\".(this option was not open to all conscripts) In a reform in 1960 the \"tj\u00e4nstest\u00e4llning\" of \"f\u00f6rvaltare\" was increased to that between \"kapten\" and \"l\u00f6jtnant\", and \"f\u00f6rvaltare\" were given the possibility to become company commanders. \u00d6verbef\u00e4l
\"Officerare\" Underbef\u00e4l Underofficerare Underbef\u00e4l \"Menig\" Officerare", "Adam saves Kirsty, but hides her until she regains consciousness. When she awakens, Adam tries to talk to Kirsty, but she is hesitant to speak to him. Gaskell explained that while Kirsty is not yet prepared to speak to Adam, she will \"start to crack\". Warren and Nita are later involved in a car crash, but when medics arrive at the scene, they cannot find Nita, although Adam eventually finds her. Kirsty is \"really shocked and annoyed\" with Warren for driving as he struggles to walk. Gaskell admitted that Kirsty feels \"uncomfortable\" and \"awkward\" in both Warren and Adam's company following a kiss she shared with Adam. Warren begins to \"manipulate\" his living situation and suggests he has myalgic encephalomyelitis. Gaskell said that Kirsty is \"sceptical\" about the suggestion as she is worried that he is governing her using \"mind games\". On why Kirsty stays with Warren, Gaskell explained that there were many reasons, which the audience would soon discover. When Kirsty discovers Warren may have muscular dystrophy, she begins to lose concentration at work. Struggling, Kirsty shares a \"tender moment\" with Adam, and at home, Warren realises Adam has texted Kirsty so attacks her. A bruised Kirsty later arrives in the ED, worrying Adam, who questions how she received the bruises. Kirsty claims they appeared after playing with Nita, but she has an X-ray so she can discover the extent of her bruising. Adam reviews the results and discovers several injuries. Kirsty then admits that she is being abused by Warren, who attacks Kirsty when they return home. When Warren attacks Kirsty again, she is left bloodied and flees to Adam's house.", "After this is revealed, a huge argument ensues after which Derek suffers a massive heart attack and dies. Kirsty stays in Walford and gets a job at the local pub, The Queen Victoria. On the day of Derek's funeral, Max and Derek's sister Carol Jackson (Lindsey Coulson) tells Kirsty that if she cannot find proof that Max loves her, then she must leave. When Kirsty meets Max, they argue but end up kissing passionately. Kirsty then attends the funeral, upsetting Tanya as Max has told her that Kirsty has left Walford. Tanya pays Kirsty to leave, but she does not go, so Tanya allows Kirsty to come to a family dinner to see what Max has with her. Kirsty revels in the fact that there are family problems. When Max's daughter Lauren Branning (Jacqueline Jossa) is upset, Kirsty takes the opportunity to bond with her, upsetting Tanya. Kirsty gives Lauren the keys to her room at the B&B. Max finds the keys and pockets them. Tanya finds them and assumes Max is still involved with Kirsty, so she goes to Kirsty's room and starts packing her belongings. Kirsty catches her, so Tanya tells Kirsty to leave, giving her the divorce papers to sign but Kirsty writes \"never\" on them. Lauren visits Kirsty and tells her to leave as Max will always want Tanya. Later, Kat Moon (Jessie Wallace) urges Kirsty to move on from Max, and as she realises how much she is hurting Max by staying, she signs the divorce papers. She tells Max she is leaving Walford. Tanya realises that Max still has feelings for Kirsty and ejects him from their home as Kirsty leaves Walford."], "answer": {"text": "\"Teree Galiyon Mein Na Rakhenge Qadam Aaj Ke Baad", "answer_start": 127}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Rafi continue singing?", "answer": {"text": "Rafi made a comeback as the leading singer", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_acd4847576094149b667e24018a5f6f3_1_q#2", "question": "What other things did he sing in?", "rewrite": "Aside from Teree Galiyon Mein Na Rakhenge Qadam Aaj Ke Baad, what other things did Raffi sing in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Since Kishore shared good rapport with R. D. Burman, he agreed to sing in \"Mahaan\", \"Shakti\" and \"Bemisal\". Later, Kishore called a truce by singing for Amitabh in a solo song in \"Shahenshah\" and later in \"Toofan\". Kishore sang the song \"Mera Geet Adhura Hai\" for his production \"Mamta Ki Chaon Mein\" and picturised the song on Rajesh Khanna. Kishore had directed the film, but died in 1987 and Rajesh Khanna helped Amit Kumar in releasing the film in 1989. He also temporarily stopped singing for Mithun Chakraborty after Yogeeta Bali divorced him and married Chakraborty. However, he later sang for Chakraborty in \"Surakshaa\" in the 1970s, and in the 1980s in many films, including \"Boxer\", \"Jaagir\", \"Fareib\" and \"Waqt Ki Awaz\". In the mid-1980s, Kishore sang for Anil Kapoor in Kapoor's debut film as a leading man, \"Woh Saat Din\" and also recorded for \"Mr. India\". (1987) the song \"Zindagi Ki Yahi Reet Hai Haar Ke Baad Hi Jeet Hai\". He sang duets with Alka Yagnik such as \"Tumse Badhkar Duniya Mein Na Dekha\" for \"Kaamchor\" in 1982, \"Humnashi Aaake from Ek Daku Saher Mein\" and sang \"Teri Meri Prem Kahani\" in \"Pighalta Aasman\".", "Rafi made a comeback as the leading singer in mid 1970s. In 1974 he won the Film World magazine Best Singer Award for the song \"Teree Galiyon Mein Na Rakhenge Qadam Aaj Ke Baad\" (Hawas, 1974) composed by Usha Khanna. In 1976, Rafi sang all the songs for Rishi Kapoor in the hit film Laila Majnu. Rafi went on to sing many more songs for Rishi Kapoor in the subsequent hit films, including Hum Kisise Kum Naheen (1977), and Amar Akbar Anthony (1977). In 1977, he won both Filmfare Award and the National Award for the song \"Kya Hua Tera Wada\" from the movie Hum Kisise Kum Naheen, composed by R.D. Burman. He was nominated as the best singer at the Filmfare Awards for the qawwali \"Pardah Hai Pardah\" from Amar Akbar Anthony (1977). Rafi sang for many successful films in the late 1970s and the early 1980s many of whose hit songs were dominating the charts in the late 70s on radio programs such as Vividh Bharati, Binaca Geetmala and Radio Ceylon. Some of these include Bairaag (1976), Dharamveer (1977), Apnapan (1978), Ganga Ki Saugandh (1978), Suhaag (1979), Sargam (1979), Qurbani (1980), Dostana (1980), Karz (1980), The Burning Train (1980), Abdullah (1980), Shaan (1980), Aasha (1980), Aap To Aise Na The (1980), Naseeb (1981) and Zamane Ko Dikhana Hai (1982).", "Sidra Batool Sidra Batool is a Pakistani actress known for her roles in television serials such as \"Daagh\" (2012), \"Yeh Zindagi Hai\" (2012), \"Ishq Hamari Galiyon Mein\" (2013), and \"Parvarish\" (2014). Her performance in \"Ishq Hamari Galiyon Mein\" earned her a nomination for Hum Award for Best Soap Actress.", "NDTV described the album as consisting of \"A robust mix of songs that are hummable and will be enjoyed by a majority of people. \" Abid, from Glamsham, predicted that \"The success story that Vishal-Shekhar wrote starting with I Hate Luv Storys and Anjaana Anjaani this year will surely carry on with Break Ke Baad.\" Joginder Tuteja from Bollywood Hungama called it \"An unconventional album, especially when one looks at it from the Bollywood standpoint\" while giving it a 3.5/5 star rating. \"Break Ke Baad\" met with mixed reviews from critics. \"Filmfare\" critic Sukanya Venkatraghavan gave it its best review, calling it \"possibly the best love story we have seen all this year and maybe last year too.\". Positive reviews included critics Rohit Sukhwani, who tagged the movie as a very pleasant and matured Love Story and Deepika Padukone was again at her best. Rajeev Masand, who said that director Danish Aslam \"makes a respectable debut with a reasonably engaging film.\" and Anupama Chopra, who praised Deepika Padukone's performance as \"her best to date\". Negative reviews included Taran Adarsh, who stated that even though the movie had a \"vibrant Imran and Deepika as its USP\", it also had a \"faulty and an unpersuasive screenplay as is its major stumbling block\". \"Break Ke Baad\" grossed Rs. 205 million over its first weekend. In the US, the collections over the first day were about $114,742 as compared to lead actor Imran Khan's previous release \"I Hate Luv Storys\" which collected $50,176.", "Ishq Hamari Galiyon Mein Ishq Hamari Galiyon Mein () (meaning \"Love in our streets\") is a 2013 Pakistani telenovela broadcast on Hum TV. It was telecast on Zindagi TV channel in India as Yeh Galiyan Yeh Chaubara, from 8 December 2014. Ishq Hamari Galiyon Mai is a story that revolves around the lives of Mr Rashid, his wife, Amna, and his two daughters."], "answer": {"text": "Rafi sang for many successful films in the late 1970s and the early 1980s", "answer_start": 732}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Rafi continue singing?", "answer": {"text": "Rafi made a comeback as the leading singer", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What song did he make famous?", "answer": {"text": "\"Teree Galiyon Mein Na Rakhenge Qadam Aaj Ke Baad", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_acd4847576094149b667e24018a5f6f3_1_q#3", "question": "What were some of the films he sang in?", "rewrite": "What were some of the films Raffi sang in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Adam saves Kirsty, but hides her until she regains consciousness. When she awakens, Adam tries to talk to Kirsty, but she is hesitant to speak to him. Gaskell explained that while Kirsty is not yet prepared to speak to Adam, she will \"start to crack\". Warren and Nita are later involved in a car crash, but when medics arrive at the scene, they cannot find Nita, although Adam eventually finds her. Kirsty is \"really shocked and annoyed\" with Warren for driving as he struggles to walk. Gaskell admitted that Kirsty feels \"uncomfortable\" and \"awkward\" in both Warren and Adam's company following a kiss she shared with Adam. Warren begins to \"manipulate\" his living situation and suggests he has myalgic encephalomyelitis. Gaskell said that Kirsty is \"sceptical\" about the suggestion as she is worried that he is governing her using \"mind games\". On why Kirsty stays with Warren, Gaskell explained that there were many reasons, which the audience would soon discover. When Kirsty discovers Warren may have muscular dystrophy, she begins to lose concentration at work. Struggling, Kirsty shares a \"tender moment\" with Adam, and at home, Warren realises Adam has texted Kirsty so attacks her. A bruised Kirsty later arrives in the ED, worrying Adam, who questions how she received the bruises. Kirsty claims they appeared after playing with Nita, but she has an X-ray so she can discover the extent of her bruising. Adam reviews the results and discovers several injuries. Kirsty then admits that she is being abused by Warren, who attacks Kirsty when they return home. When Warren attacks Kirsty again, she is left bloodied and flees to Adam's house.", "Chesney later receives a phonecall from Fiz saying that she has been granted bail before her review. Fiz later begins a feud with Kirsty Soames (Natalie Gumede) after she nearly slices Fiz's fingers off at work using a sowing machine. When Kirsty later attacks Fiz in her own home, Fiz realises that Kirsty is beating up her fianc\u00e9 Tyrone. Fiz helps Tyrone through his dilemma with Kirsty, but ends up developing feelings for him and they begin an affair. When Kirsty beats up Tyrone again, Fiz advises Tyrone to marry Kirsty so he can gain custody of his daughter Ruby. Kirsty accepts Tyrone's proposal, but discovers Fiz and Tyrone's affair the day before the wedding. She humiliates the pair at the church, as many of the residents watch as Kirsty reveals Fiz is Tyrone's mystery lover. During an argument at the top of the stairs, Kirsty attempts to hit Tyrone again, but ends up falling down the stairs. Fiz, Tommy Duckworth (Chris Fountain), Eileen Grimshaw (Sue Cleaver), Sean Tully (Antony Cotton) and Paul Kershaw (Tony Hirst) race round to the house to see what has happened, and Kirsty tells the police that Tyrone has been abusing her for months. Tyrone is arrested, which devastates Fiz. Tyrone's court hearing arrives, and Kirsty's mother Alison (Dawn Hope) tries to persuade Kirsty to tell the truth, but she refuses. After Kirsty assaults Julie, Kirsty confesses to the jury that she has been beating Tyrone. Tyrone is freed and Kirsty is sent to prison. Fiz is later distraught to hear that Hayley has been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.", "Kirsty decides to leave Warren in the wake of her attack, accepting she is a \"victim\" and admitting to Nita that she is frightened of Warren. Gaskell stated that this is \"a real wake-up call\" for Kirsty, who briefly considers staying with Adam until she realises Warren would look for her there, endangering her and Nita. Kirsty decides to leave Holby and Gaskell stated that Kirsty believes Warren would \"kill her\" if he found her. Adam realises that Kirsty is leaving, which she confirms, before leaving Adam a \"hurriedly written\" note and returning home. As she packs her belongings, Warren returns and confronts Kirsty. Gaskell explained that when Warren finds Kirsty, he becomes \"scared\" that he may lose control so grows \"increasingly violent\", which the actress said is \"the most dangerous time\" for Kirsty. Kirsty and Warren argue and when Adam arrives at the house, he discovers an unconscious Warren at the bottom of the staircase. Following his fall, Warren is left comatose while Kirsty remains at his bedside, hoping he will die. Gaskell explained that Kirsty is \"terrified\" that Warren will murder her if he regains consciousness. When Warren's mother, Cathy (Mary Jo Randle), arrives at the hospital, Kirsty reveals that Warren is abusing her and is horrified when Cathy is unsurprised, causing them to argue. When Warren awakes from the coma, Kirsty becomes worried and alerts Adam, which Cathy tells Warren. He becomes enraged and confronts Adam, warning him to stay away from Kirsty. Warren becomes exhausted and punches Kirsty, appalling Kirsty who leaves with Nita.", "After this is revealed, a huge argument ensues after which Derek suffers a massive heart attack and dies. Kirsty stays in Walford and gets a job at the local pub, The Queen Victoria. On the day of Derek's funeral, Max and Derek's sister Carol Jackson (Lindsey Coulson) tells Kirsty that if she cannot find proof that Max loves her, then she must leave. When Kirsty meets Max, they argue but end up kissing passionately. Kirsty then attends the funeral, upsetting Tanya as Max has told her that Kirsty has left Walford. Tanya pays Kirsty to leave, but she does not go, so Tanya allows Kirsty to come to a family dinner to see what Max has with her. Kirsty revels in the fact that there are family problems. When Max's daughter Lauren Branning (Jacqueline Jossa) is upset, Kirsty takes the opportunity to bond with her, upsetting Tanya. Kirsty gives Lauren the keys to her room at the B&B. Max finds the keys and pockets them. Tanya finds them and assumes Max is still involved with Kirsty, so she goes to Kirsty's room and starts packing her belongings. Kirsty catches her, so Tanya tells Kirsty to leave, giving her the divorce papers to sign but Kirsty writes \"never\" on them. Lauren visits Kirsty and tells her to leave as Max will always want Tanya. Later, Kat Moon (Jessie Wallace) urges Kirsty to move on from Max, and as she realises how much she is hurting Max by staying, she signs the divorce papers. She tells Max she is leaving Walford. Tanya realises that Max still has feelings for Kirsty and ejects him from their home as Kirsty leaves Walford.", "Kirsty was shown to be attracted to her co receptionist at the clinic, Marj's (Elizabeth McRae) teenage son Stuart Neilson (Martin Henderson). The two had a brief flirtation but the Catholic Stuart refused to have sex. Kirsty moved onto his brother, Darryl (Mark Ferguson) who Stuart warned Kirsty was dangerous. After being rejected by Kirsty, Darryl attempted to rape her. Kirsty and Stuart finally had sex when Stuart went into a depression. Kirsty considered leaving the hospital to work for Noel Sturgess (Martyn Sanderson), but stayed for Stuart. In 1993 Stuart continued to reject Kirsty and she started to date much older man, Shane (Richard Hanna) but she was shocked when Darryl makes his return to the clinic. Kirsty helped clear Stuart of burglary but found herself unfulfilled dating Shane and they broke up. In 1994 Kirsty lost her job following being framed for robbery by Katherine Blake (Margaret Umbers) but soon got rehired when Kirsty unveiled Katherine as a murderer. She dated Greg Feeney (Tim Balme) but he fled and left Kirsty with an HIV scare. Good friend Lionel Skeggins (John Leigh) supported her through the ordeal, but Kirsty returned to Greg. It did not last however and Kirsty and Lionel reconciled and decided to marry. However midway through the ceremony, Stuart interrupted and pronounced his love, prompted by Darryl. Despite Stuart's intervention, the two married shortly after in 1995. The marriage started to turn rocky however and when Lionel fell into a coma due to Darryl's dodgey drugs, Kirsty confronted her nemesis on a boat, only for Darryl to drown. Following a trip to Hollywood, Kirsty and Lionel fell out and separated."], "answer": {"text": "the Hindi remake of Dilip Sen's Bengali superhit Sorry Madam;", "answer_start": 273}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Rafi continue singing?", "answer": {"text": "Rafi made a comeback as the leading singer", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What song did he make famous?", "answer": {"text": "\"Teree Galiyon Mein Na Rakhenge Qadam Aaj Ke Baad", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other things did he sing in?", "answer": {"text": "Rafi sang for many successful films in the late 1970s and the early 1980s", "answer_start": 732, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_acd4847576094149b667e24018a5f6f3_1_q#4", "question": "Are there other films he sang in?", "rewrite": "Besides Sorry Madam, are there other films Raffi sang in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Fife Heritage Railway Fife Heritage Railway is a heritage railway run by the Kingdom of Fife Railway Preservation Society which aims to showcase the heritage of the railways of Fife, based at Kirkland Sidings, Methil, Scotland. The Society was formed in 1992 after the closure of the Lochty Private Railway due to falling guest numbers and increased public liability premiums. Following the closure of the line, in May of the same year, the Kingdom of Fife Railway Preservation Society was formed to take over the former Lochty fleet. In 1994, the last of the fleet was moved from Lochty and moved to the now defunct Methil Power Station until the society could find a permanent home for its collection. Various locations around Fife were looked at which included the former Crail Aerodrome, Lochore Meadows, Bowhill Colliery, part of the former Auctertool branch line, the former Wemyss Private Railway site at Scott's Road and even the former Kilconquhar railway station, all of which proven unsuitable for various reasons. railway marshalling yard on the outskirts of Leven and in 2003, the rolling stock was moved from the Power Station to their new home. Since then the KFRPS have since constructed half a mile of track plus substantial sidings, along with a two track engine shed which is used for restoration work. In 2016 the Fife Heritage Railway fired the first steam engine to run on a Fife heritage line since the closure of Lochty in 1992. Forth gained its boiler certificate in August which will run until 2020 when it is due for overhaul, after a brief \"running in\" period, Forth was brought into service during the last days of the 2016 working season. Painted in Wemyss Coal Company livery to match sister locomotives that once worked in the area, an official renaming ceremony was carried out at the start of the 2017 season by clan chief Michael Wemyss.", "Sky leaves to go back to his office and Linda takes Jeff home to introduce him to her mother who is astonished to see them back together and happy. Mr. Burton, however, walks in and says, \"young man, how dare you set foot in this house?\". Jeff leaves hastily, but he and Linda decide to have a date for that evening. As Jeff is dressing for dinner and awaiting Linda , Sky arrives and tries to talk to him, but just then, Linda arrives. She compliments Jeff on his home and tells him that it is exactly the type of decor that she would have arranged herself. As Jeff shows her around the house, the butler gives her a pair of silk pajamas and tells her, \"I'm sorry madam , I'm afraid you'll have to wear these for tonight\". Offended, she tells Jeff that she'll be leaving. The butler returns with slippers, calling her \"Mrs. Holland\". She no longer feels offended and Jeff asks her if she believes in love at first sight and she says, \"at lunch today\". Jeff tells her, \"let's get married\" and they kiss. He says, \"tonight\" and suggests they sneak out the back to avoid Sky. As they speed along, they are pulled over by the same motorcycle cop who stopped them on their first wedding day. Saying \"sixty-five miles an hour\", he looks at them, recognizing them as the same couple and again escorts them to Judge Milliken's house. The surprised judge tells them, \"You don't have to get married \u2014 the ceremony isn't necessary \u2014 why, I mean, all you have to do is to start living together\".", "In 1978, Rafi gave a performance at the Royal Albert Hall and in 1980 he performed at the Wembley conference centre. From 1970 until his death he toured around the world extensively giving concert performances to packed halls. In December 1979, Rafi recorded six songs for the Hindi remake of Dilip Sen's Bengali superhit Sorry Madam; the film was never completed due to a personal tragedy in Dilip Sen's life. These songs, written by Kafeel Aazar and composed by Chitragupta, were released digitally in December 2009 by the label Silk Road under the title \"The Last Songs\". The physical album was released only in India by Universal.", "After this is revealed, a huge argument ensues after which Derek suffers a massive heart attack and dies. Kirsty stays in Walford and gets a job at the local pub, The Queen Victoria. On the day of Derek's funeral, Max and Derek's sister Carol Jackson (Lindsey Coulson) tells Kirsty that if she cannot find proof that Max loves her, then she must leave. When Kirsty meets Max, they argue but end up kissing passionately. Kirsty then attends the funeral, upsetting Tanya as Max has told her that Kirsty has left Walford. Tanya pays Kirsty to leave, but she does not go, so Tanya allows Kirsty to come to a family dinner to see what Max has with her. Kirsty revels in the fact that there are family problems. When Max's daughter Lauren Branning (Jacqueline Jossa) is upset, Kirsty takes the opportunity to bond with her, upsetting Tanya. Kirsty gives Lauren the keys to her room at the B&B. Max finds the keys and pockets them. Tanya finds them and assumes Max is still involved with Kirsty, so she goes to Kirsty's room and starts packing her belongings. Kirsty catches her, so Tanya tells Kirsty to leave, giving her the divorce papers to sign but Kirsty writes \"never\" on them. Lauren visits Kirsty and tells her to leave as Max will always want Tanya. Later, Kat Moon (Jessie Wallace) urges Kirsty to move on from Max, and as she realises how much she is hurting Max by staying, she signs the divorce papers. She tells Max she is leaving Walford. Tanya realises that Max still has feelings for Kirsty and ejects him from their home as Kirsty leaves Walford.", "Kirsty decides to leave Warren in the wake of her attack, accepting she is a \"victim\" and admitting to Nita that she is frightened of Warren. Gaskell stated that this is \"a real wake-up call\" for Kirsty, who briefly considers staying with Adam until she realises Warren would look for her there, endangering her and Nita. Kirsty decides to leave Holby and Gaskell stated that Kirsty believes Warren would \"kill her\" if he found her. Adam realises that Kirsty is leaving, which she confirms, before leaving Adam a \"hurriedly written\" note and returning home. As she packs her belongings, Warren returns and confronts Kirsty. Gaskell explained that when Warren finds Kirsty, he becomes \"scared\" that he may lose control so grows \"increasingly violent\", which the actress said is \"the most dangerous time\" for Kirsty. Kirsty and Warren argue and when Adam arrives at the house, he discovers an unconscious Warren at the bottom of the staircase. Following his fall, Warren is left comatose while Kirsty remains at his bedside, hoping he will die. Gaskell explained that Kirsty is \"terrified\" that Warren will murder her if he regains consciousness. When Warren's mother, Cathy (Mary Jo Randle), arrives at the hospital, Kirsty reveals that Warren is abusing her and is horrified when Cathy is unsurprised, causing them to argue. When Warren awakes from the coma, Kirsty becomes worried and alerts Adam, which Cathy tells Warren. He becomes enraged and confronts Adam, warning him to stay away from Kirsty. Warren becomes exhausted and punches Kirsty, appalling Kirsty who leaves with Nita."], "answer": {"text": "Bairaag (1976), Dharamveer (1977), Apnapan (1978), Ganga Ki Saugandh (1978),", "answer_start": 971}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Rafi continue singing?", "answer": {"text": "Rafi made a comeback as the leading singer", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What song did he make famous?", "answer": {"text": "\"Teree Galiyon Mein Na Rakhenge Qadam Aaj Ke Baad", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other things did he sing in?", "answer": {"text": "Rafi sang for many successful films in the late 1970s and the early 1980s", "answer_start": 732, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of the films he sang in?", "answer": {"text": "the Hindi remake of Dilip Sen's Bengali superhit Sorry Madam;", "answer_start": 273, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_acd4847576094149b667e24018a5f6f3_1_q#5", "question": "Are there any other noteworthy performances from him?", "rewrite": "Aside from Sorry Madam, are there any other noteworthy performances from Raffi?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Sky leaves to go back to his office and Linda takes Jeff home to introduce him to her mother who is astonished to see them back together and happy. Mr. Burton, however, walks in and says, \"young man, how dare you set foot in this house?\". Jeff leaves hastily, but he and Linda decide to have a date for that evening. As Jeff is dressing for dinner and awaiting Linda , Sky arrives and tries to talk to him, but just then, Linda arrives. She compliments Jeff on his home and tells him that it is exactly the type of decor that she would have arranged herself. As Jeff shows her around the house, the butler gives her a pair of silk pajamas and tells her, \"I'm sorry madam , I'm afraid you'll have to wear these for tonight\". Offended, she tells Jeff that she'll be leaving. The butler returns with slippers, calling her \"Mrs. Holland\". She no longer feels offended and Jeff asks her if she believes in love at first sight and she says, \"at lunch today\". Jeff tells her, \"let's get married\" and they kiss. He says, \"tonight\" and suggests they sneak out the back to avoid Sky. As they speed along, they are pulled over by the same motorcycle cop who stopped them on their first wedding day. Saying \"sixty-five miles an hour\", he looks at them, recognizing them as the same couple and again escorts them to Judge Milliken's house. The surprised judge tells them, \"You don't have to get married \u2014 the ceremony isn't necessary \u2014 why, I mean, all you have to do is to start living together\".", "After this is revealed, a huge argument ensues after which Derek suffers a massive heart attack and dies. Kirsty stays in Walford and gets a job at the local pub, The Queen Victoria. On the day of Derek's funeral, Max and Derek's sister Carol Jackson (Lindsey Coulson) tells Kirsty that if she cannot find proof that Max loves her, then she must leave. When Kirsty meets Max, they argue but end up kissing passionately. Kirsty then attends the funeral, upsetting Tanya as Max has told her that Kirsty has left Walford. Tanya pays Kirsty to leave, but she does not go, so Tanya allows Kirsty to come to a family dinner to see what Max has with her. Kirsty revels in the fact that there are family problems. When Max's daughter Lauren Branning (Jacqueline Jossa) is upset, Kirsty takes the opportunity to bond with her, upsetting Tanya. Kirsty gives Lauren the keys to her room at the B&B. Max finds the keys and pockets them. Tanya finds them and assumes Max is still involved with Kirsty, so she goes to Kirsty's room and starts packing her belongings. Kirsty catches her, so Tanya tells Kirsty to leave, giving her the divorce papers to sign but Kirsty writes \"never\" on them. Lauren visits Kirsty and tells her to leave as Max will always want Tanya. Later, Kat Moon (Jessie Wallace) urges Kirsty to move on from Max, and as she realises how much she is hurting Max by staying, she signs the divorce papers. She tells Max she is leaving Walford. Tanya realises that Max still has feelings for Kirsty and ejects him from their home as Kirsty leaves Walford.", "In 1978, Rafi gave a performance at the Royal Albert Hall and in 1980 he performed at the Wembley conference centre. From 1970 until his death he toured around the world extensively giving concert performances to packed halls. In December 1979, Rafi recorded six songs for the Hindi remake of Dilip Sen's Bengali superhit Sorry Madam; the film was never completed due to a personal tragedy in Dilip Sen's life. These songs, written by Kafeel Aazar and composed by Chitragupta, were released digitally in December 2009 by the label Silk Road under the title \"The Last Songs\". The physical album was released only in India by Universal.", "Kirsty decides to leave Warren in the wake of her attack, accepting she is a \"victim\" and admitting to Nita that she is frightened of Warren. Gaskell stated that this is \"a real wake-up call\" for Kirsty, who briefly considers staying with Adam until she realises Warren would look for her there, endangering her and Nita. Kirsty decides to leave Holby and Gaskell stated that Kirsty believes Warren would \"kill her\" if he found her. Adam realises that Kirsty is leaving, which she confirms, before leaving Adam a \"hurriedly written\" note and returning home. As she packs her belongings, Warren returns and confronts Kirsty. Gaskell explained that when Warren finds Kirsty, he becomes \"scared\" that he may lose control so grows \"increasingly violent\", which the actress said is \"the most dangerous time\" for Kirsty. Kirsty and Warren argue and when Adam arrives at the house, he discovers an unconscious Warren at the bottom of the staircase. Following his fall, Warren is left comatose while Kirsty remains at his bedside, hoping he will die. Gaskell explained that Kirsty is \"terrified\" that Warren will murder her if he regains consciousness. When Warren's mother, Cathy (Mary Jo Randle), arrives at the hospital, Kirsty reveals that Warren is abusing her and is horrified when Cathy is unsurprised, causing them to argue. When Warren awakes from the coma, Kirsty becomes worried and alerts Adam, which Cathy tells Warren. He becomes enraged and confronts Adam, warning him to stay away from Kirsty. Warren becomes exhausted and punches Kirsty, appalling Kirsty who leaves with Nita.", "Fife Heritage Railway Fife Heritage Railway is a heritage railway run by the Kingdom of Fife Railway Preservation Society which aims to showcase the heritage of the railways of Fife, based at Kirkland Sidings, Methil, Scotland. The Society was formed in 1992 after the closure of the Lochty Private Railway due to falling guest numbers and increased public liability premiums. Following the closure of the line, in May of the same year, the Kingdom of Fife Railway Preservation Society was formed to take over the former Lochty fleet. In 1994, the last of the fleet was moved from Lochty and moved to the now defunct Methil Power Station until the society could find a permanent home for its collection. Various locations around Fife were looked at which included the former Crail Aerodrome, Lochore Meadows, Bowhill Colliery, part of the former Auctertool branch line, the former Wemyss Private Railway site at Scott's Road and even the former Kilconquhar railway station, all of which proven unsuitable for various reasons. railway marshalling yard on the outskirts of Leven and in 2003, the rolling stock was moved from the Power Station to their new home. Since then the KFRPS have since constructed half a mile of track plus substantial sidings, along with a two track engine shed which is used for restoration work. In 2016 the Fife Heritage Railway fired the first steam engine to run on a Fife heritage line since the closure of Lochty in 1992. Forth gained its boiler certificate in August which will run until 2020 when it is due for overhaul, after a brief \"running in\" period, Forth was brought into service during the last days of the 2016 working season. Painted in Wemyss Coal Company livery to match sister locomotives that once worked in the area, an official renaming ceremony was carried out at the start of the 2017 season by clan chief Michael Wemyss."], "answer": {"text": "In 1976, Rafi sang all the songs for Rishi Kapoor in the hit film Laila Majnu.", "answer_start": 217}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Rafi continue singing?", "answer": {"text": "Rafi made a comeback as the leading singer", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What song did he make famous?", "answer": {"text": "\"Teree Galiyon Mein Na Rakhenge Qadam Aaj Ke Baad", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other things did he sing in?", "answer": {"text": "Rafi sang for many successful films in the late 1970s and the early 1980s", "answer_start": 732, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of the films he sang in?", "answer": {"text": "the Hindi remake of Dilip Sen's Bengali superhit Sorry Madam;", "answer_start": 273, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there other films he sang in?", "answer": {"text": "Bairaag (1976), Dharamveer (1977), Apnapan (1978), Ganga Ki Saugandh (1978),", "answer_start": 971, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_acd4847576094149b667e24018a5f6f3_1_q#6", "question": "Did he record music for any other films?", "rewrite": "Did Raffi record music for any other films besides the movie Laila Majnu?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Laila Majnu (2018 film) Laila Majnu () is a 2018 Indian romance film starring Avinash Tiwary and Tripti Dimri. It is presented by Imtiaz Ali and co-produced by Ekta Kapoor, Shobha Kapoor and Preety Ali. The film is directed by Sajid Ali. The trailer was released on 7 August 2018 and the film was released in theatres on 7 September 2018. Taking the leap out of classic folklore of star-crossed lovers Layla and Majnun, the story is set in today's time in Kashmir where Laila and Majnu have problems relevant to the youth of today. While dealing with their feuding families a passionate love story unravels. Laila, shown as a girl living in her own fantasy world, always dreaming of a 'special' person in her life, has an encounter with Qais (Majnu) on a fateful night when she secretly left her house to pray in a graveyard for meeting her loved one. Qais and his friends find her identity and chase her till Laila finally gives her mobile number to him. The story advances to the romantic intimacy between the leads, against the background of rivalry between their families. News of their romance soon becomes the talk of the town, which eventually reaches the family of Laila and her father warns her to stay away from person of such a bad reputation. But Laila is keen to meet Qais, despite being warned by her father and sister of the consequences. They meet one night and plan to disclose their relationship to their respective families, and Qaiz promises that he will do whatever possible to convince Laila's family.", "Music composed by C. R. Subburaman. Lyrics by Samudrala Sr. The song \"Preme Neramouna\" is an evergreen blockbuster. Music released on AVM Audio Company. \"Laila Majnu\" was first made as a silent film in 1922 by J. J. Madan and again in 1927 by Manilal Joshi. Noted filmmaker Kanjibhai Rathod made it in Hindi in 1931 after the films became talkies. J. J. Madan remade it in Hindi in 1931. In 1936, it was produced by East India Pictures in Persian. In 1940, Dharmaveer Singh made the same story in Punjabi, and in 1941, Sarnad Pictures made a version in Pushtu language. In 1945 it was made in Hindi featuring Swaran Lata as Leila and Nazir Ahmed as Majnu. It was a box office hit. This verson made by Bhanumathi was dubbed into Tamil and released simultaneously with the Telugu version. F. Nagoor made another \"Laila Majnu\" in 1950 under the banner Balaji Pictures and shot at Newtone studios with T. R. Mahalingam and M. V. Rajamma in the lead roles. The story was again made in 1953, 1976 (in Hindi and Bengali), and later in 1982. Laila Majnu, an ancient epic of love, is an integral part of classic Sufi literature. Hashmet Shah has told it, so has Amir Khusro. Nizami Ganjavi's 12th century version in scintillating verse filled with allegorical flourishes has been translated into numerous languages. Mian Mohammad Bakhsh's interpretation of the epic is held as an acclaimed treatise in Pakistan till this day. The tragic tale of Majnoon and Laila is said to have its foundations in true events that occurred in the 7th century.", "Laila Majnu (1950 film) \" Not to be confused with \"Laila Majnu (1949 film)\" dubbed into Tamil from Telugu and released in 1949\". Laila Majnu is a 1950 Indian Tamil-language film directed by F. Nagoor. The film featured T. R. Mahalingam and M. V. Rajamma in the lead roles. The story is the famous Persian tale of Layla and Majnun. It has parallels in Shakespeare's \"Romeo and Juliet\", and in Tamil stories, \"Ambikapathy and Amaravathi\". The list was compiled from the database of Film News Anandan, and from the film's song book. The film was produced and directed by F. Nagoor under the banner Balaji Pictures and was funded by M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar. The famous writer Vallikkannan wrote the dialogues. Cinematography was by Jitten Bannerjee and the operative cameraman was P. S. Selvaraj. V. B. Nataraja Mudaliar did the editing. Art direction was also done by F. Nagoor. Choreography was by Hiralal, Ganesh and Joshi. The film was shot at Newtone studios and the stills were taken by R. N. Nagaraja Rao and Gnanam. Laila Majnu's story was first made as a silent film in 1922 by J. J. Madan and again in 1927 by Manilal Joshi. In 1931, after the films became talkies, noted filmmaker Kanjibhai Rathod made it in Hindi. J. J. Madan remade it in Hindi in 1931 as a talkie. In 1936, it was produced by East India Pictures in Persian.", "Avinash Tiwary Avinash Tiwary (born 15 August 1985) is an Indian actor who works in Hindi films. He rose to prominence in 2018 with the leading role in the romantic movie \"Laila Majnu\" by Sajid Ali and Imitiaz Ali. In order to pursue acting he joined Barry John\u2019s Acting Studio and later went to New York Film Academy. He started appearing in short films in 2005. Avinash Tiwary was born on 15 August 1985 in Gopalganj, Bihar, India. His family relocated to Mumbai after few years. He completed school and engineering in Mumbai. In order to pursue acting, he quit engineering studies in the fourth semester and joined theater. He joined Barry John\u2019s acting studio and later went to New York Film Academy. In theater, he worked with Om Katare, an established artist. After his stint at the New York Film Academy, he started his career with the documentary, \"Anamika: Her Glorious Past\", in 2006. In 2014, he worked alongside Amitabh Bachchan in the TV series Yudh, where he played the role of the villain, Ajat Shatru. Avinash made his Bollywood debut with Milind Dhaimade\u2019s directorial debut, \"Tu Hai Mera Sunday\" (2016) co-starring Barun Sobti and Shahana Goswami, which revolves around the lives of five friends. The film had its world premiere at the 60th BFI London Film Festival and received positive critical acclaim. In 2017, Avinash signed Imtiaz Ali's romantic movie, Laila Majnu, after auditioning for it in December 2015. He took on the lead role of Qais/Majnu in the movie which tells the classic love story of Laila and Majnu but set in contemporary times.", "The Graves of Layla and Majnun (India) Laila Majnu Ki Mazar (in Hindi \u0932\u0948\u0932\u093e \u092e\u091c\u0928\u0942 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930 and in Punjabi \u0a32\u0a48\u0a32\u0a3e \u0a2e\u0a1c\u0a28\u0a42 \u0a26\u0a40 \u0a2e\u0a1c\u0a3c\u0a3e\u0a30) or the mausoleum of Layla and Majnun is situated at Binjaur, a village near Anupgarh in the Sri Gangannagar district of Rajasthan. According to the local legend, the famous lovers Laila and Majnu died here. A fair, held annually in the month of June, is attended by hundreds of couples and newlyweds. Many people associate this \"Mazar\" with the lovers Laila and Majnun. According to them, Laila-Qais were from Sindh and came to this place escaping from the clutches of Laila's parents and her brother, who were against love of Laila-Majnun. But, there was a huge sand dune during that time and they could not cross the desert because they were thirsty and finally Laila's parents followed them to only find them both dead in the desert. Thus, this place became a symbol of love and people come here to seek blessings of Laila and Majnu. According to the local people, on festivals, couples come to the graves of Laila and Majnu to seek their blessings for lifelong togetherness. Some people, such as Rani Raisikh, one of the early caretakers of this Mazar, the mausoleum is not related to the mythical Laila-Majnu but are the two graves of a great teacher and his devoted student. The mausoleum is a symbol of mutual respect and love between that teacher and his student. The mausoleum is part of old graveyard of Muslims and Hindus. In the beginning, these graves were under a shed cover. According to a local legend, miracles made people devotees of the grave and people began to visit this place."], "answer": {"text": "Amar Akbar Anthony (", "answer_start": 423}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Rafi continue singing?", "answer": {"text": "Rafi made a comeback as the leading singer", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What song did he make famous?", "answer": {"text": "\"Teree Galiyon Mein Na Rakhenge Qadam Aaj Ke Baad", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other things did he sing in?", "answer": {"text": "Rafi sang for many successful films in the late 1970s and the early 1980s", "answer_start": 732, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of the films he sang in?", "answer": {"text": "the Hindi remake of Dilip Sen's Bengali superhit Sorry Madam;", "answer_start": 273, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there other films he sang in?", "answer": {"text": "Bairaag (1976), Dharamveer (1977), Apnapan (1978), Ganga Ki Saugandh (1978),", "answer_start": 971, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other noteworthy performances from him?", "answer": {"text": "In 1976, Rafi sang all the songs for Rishi Kapoor in the hit film Laila Majnu.", "answer_start": 217, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_acd4847576094149b667e24018a5f6f3_1_q#7", "question": "Was there anything else interesting?", "rewrite": "Aside from Raffi recording music for Amar Akbar Anthony, was there anything else interesting about him?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Yusuf Khan (actor) Yousuff Khan, popularly known as Zebisko from \"Amar Akbar Anthony\", was a well-known Indian character actor in Hindi language films. Although Khan acted in 34 films and remained popular as a rather sympathetic villain through the 1970s and 1980s with films like \"Amar Akbar Anthony\" (1977), \"Muqaddar Ka Sikandar\" (1978) and \"Disco Dancer\" (1982) , he is mostly remembered for his role of Zebisko, the bodyguard of Parveen Babi's character in Manmohan Desai's blockbuster \"Amar Akbar Anthony\" (1977). Khan was born in Egypt. He came to Mumbai and became a Bollywood actor. He is the father of Bollywood actor Faraaz Khan. He also used the screen name Yash Raj (\"Bombay To Goa\") in the early part of his career. His filmography is often mixed up with Pakistani actor Yusuf Khan. He died in Hyderabad in 1985 from brain hemorrhage.", "Amar Akbar Anthony (2015 film) Amar Akbar Anthony is a 2015 Indian Malayalam-language comedy film directed by Nadirshah and written by Bibin George and Vishnu Unnikrishnan. It stars Prithviraj Sukumaran, Jayasurya, and Indrajith Sukumaran in lead roles, while Namitha Pramod appears in the female lead. Asif Ali makes a cameo appearance. The songs in the film were composed by Nadirshah himself, while the background score was by Bijibal. \" Amar Akbar Anthony\" marked the directorial debut of Nadirshah. The film was completed in 65 days with a production cost of . Sony Music India released the film's soundtrack. The film released on 16 October 2015. The film was remade in Kannada as \"John Jani Janardhan\". Faizal (Asif Ali), born and bred Kochi bike-stunt artist, gets injured during one of his bike stunts and gets hospitalised. He is admitted in the general ward, and there he meets other patients and begins to chat to know each other. His ward mates queries how he fell. Faizal explains the reason by narrating a story about his three best friends Amar (Prithviraj), Akbar (Jayasurya) and Anthony (Indrajith). Amar, Akbar and Anthony live in a slum area in Fort Kochi, three of them are from lower-middle-class families. Amar is children's mini-kart driver in a shopping mall and is a lecher with a number of unsuccessful loves. Other than him he has four members in his family. His father Ramanan (Sasi Kalinga) is a security officer of a roadside ATM counter, his mother (K. P. A. C. Lalitha)", "Amar Akbar Anthony Amar Akbar Anthony is a 1977 Indian action comedy film, directed and produced by Manmohan Desai, and written by Kader Khan. The film stars Vinod Khanna, Amitabh Bachchan and Rishi Kapoor opposite Shabana Azmi, Parveen Babi and Neetu Singh in the lead roles. The plot focuses on three brothers who are separated in childhood and adopted by three families of different faithsHinduism, Islam and Christianity. One grows up to be a policeman, another a singer, and the third the owner of a country liquor bar. The soundtrack album was composed by Laxmikant-Pyarelal and the lyrics were written by Anand Bakshi. The film had been released on 27 May 1977, in which it earned 155 million in India, and became the highest-grossing Indian film of that year, alongside \"Dharam Veer\" and \"Hum Kisise Kum Naheen\". The film about religious tolerance became a landmark for Bollywood masala films, building on the masala formula pioneered several years earlier with Nasir Hussain's \"Yaadon Ki Baarat\" (1973). \" Amar Akbar Anthony\" also had a lasting impact on pop culture, with its catchy songs, one-liners and the character of Anthony Gonsalves played by Amitabh Bachchan. It won several awards at 25th Filmfare Awards including Best Actor, Best Music Director and Best Editing. It was later remade in Tamil as \"Shankar Salim Simon\" (1978), in Telugu as \"Ram Robert Rahim\" (1980) and in Malayalam as \"John Jaffer Janardhanan\" (1982). On 15 August, a chauffeur named Kishanlal is released from prison after serving the sentence for a fatal hit-and-run accident committed by his employer, the notorious crime boss Robert.", "25th Filmfare Awards The 25th Filmfare Awards were held in 1978. Shyam Benegal's \"Bhumika\" was named the Best Film of the year, starting a run where 3 films by Shyam Benegal won the Best Film award in 5 years. Amitabh Bachchan won his first Best Actor award for his role in Manmohan Desai's \"Amar Akbar Anthony\". \"Bhumika\" \"Basu Chatterjee \u2013 Swami\" \"Amitabh Bachchan \u2013 Amar Akbar Anthony\" \"Shabana Azmi \u2013 Swami\" \"Shreeram Lagoo \u2013 Gharaonda\" \"Asha Sachdev \u2013 Priyatama\" \"Paintal \u2013 Chala Murari Hero Banne\" \"Swami \u2013 Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay\" \"Dulhan Wohi Jo Piya Man Bhaye \u2013 Lekh Tandon , Vrajendra Gaur and Madhusudan Kalekar\" \"Dulhan Wohi Jo Piya Man Bhaye \u2013 Vrajendra Gaur\" \"Amar Akbar Anthony \u2013 Laxmikant-Pyarelal\" \"Gharaonda \u2013 Gulzar for Do Deewana Sheher Main\" \"Hum Kisise Kum Naheen \u2013 Mohammad Rafi for Kya Hua Tera Wada\" \"Manthan \u2013 Priti Sagar for Mero Gaam Katha Parey\" \"Hum Kisise Kum Naheen\" \"Hum Kisise Kum Naheen\" \"Amar Akbar Anthony\" \"Agent Vinod\" \"Shatranj Ke Khiladi\" \"Transformations\"", "Amar Akbar Anthony (2018 film) Amar Akbar Anthony is a 2018 Indian Telugu-language action film co-written and directed by Sreenu Vaitla which features Ravi Teja in his first triple role and Ileana D'Cruz playing the female lead in her comeback in Telugu cinema after six years. Also marking the fourth collaboration between Teja and Vaitla after \"Nee Kosam\", \"Venky\" and \"Dubai Seenu\", the film was produced by Naveen Yerneni, Y. Ravi Shankar and Mohan Cherukuri under their banner Mythri Movie Makers. Pre-production of the film began in June 2017, and the film's principal photography commenced at New York in April 2018. The narrative centers around Amar, a man suffering from multiple personality disorder, who is on a vengeful killing spree but is often hindered by the emergence of two more personalities he is unaware of. The film released worldwide on 16 November 2018. Set in New York, the film revolves around Amar (Ravi Teja), who once freed from the prison, kills a businessman before extracting from him a \"Fedo\" ring. However, Amar is unaware of the fact that he is suffering from multiple personality disorder that causes him to assume two more identities other than his own. Each identity has a trigger that results in its emergence. Whenever something breaks, he transforms into Akbar, a Muslim man who keeps helping the needy. Whenever he sees someone acting abnormally, he transforms into Marc Anthony, a calm doctor. Whenever something explodes, he becomes himself. While as Akbar, he meets Pooja (Ileana D'Cruz), a young woman who also suffers from MPD. In a gym, a few men try to flirt with her and them telling her to \"trust them \" triggers the alternate personality which violently beats them up."], "answer": {"text": "Burman. He was nominated as the best singer at the Filmfare Awards", "answer_start": 597}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Rafi continue singing?", "answer": {"text": "Rafi made a comeback as the leading singer", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What song did he make famous?", "answer": {"text": "\"Teree Galiyon Mein Na Rakhenge Qadam Aaj Ke Baad", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other things did he sing in?", "answer": {"text": "Rafi sang for many successful films in the late 1970s and the early 1980s", "answer_start": 732, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of the films he sang in?", "answer": {"text": "the Hindi remake of Dilip Sen's Bengali superhit Sorry Madam;", "answer_start": 273, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there other films he sang in?", "answer": {"text": "Bairaag (1976), Dharamveer (1977), Apnapan (1978), Ganga Ki Saugandh (1978),", "answer_start": 971, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other noteworthy performances from him?", "answer": {"text": "In 1976, Rafi sang all the songs for Rishi Kapoor in the hit film Laila Majnu.", "answer_start": 217, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he record music for any other films?", "answer": {"text": "Amar Akbar Anthony (", "answer_start": 423, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59f8fbd570f1414fb2e297bc0248af09_1_q#0", "question": "What is the Rise to Notability?", "rewrite": "What is the Rise to Notability?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["For FineArtViews Sherwin has interviewed art organizers such as Rick DeVos of ArtPrize and CJ Follini of COMPANY, and artists such as Blek le Rat on topics ranging from online art marketing to issues over copyright infringement. Sherwin has also interviewed authors and musicians. Including, his interview with bassist Sean Yseult of White Zombie, author Janet Evanovich, and author Anne Bishop. Sherwin is also an artist. He lives in Illinois, USA, and campaigns for more prominence for art. In 2007, Sherwin interviewed Kirsten Anderson, who owns the Roq la Rue Gallery, Seattle. Anderson is the author of \"Pop Surrealism: The Rise of Underground Art\". In her interview with Sherwin she discussed the relationship between Street art, Pop surrealism and Lowbrow, as well as the growth of \"Juxtapoz\" magazine, which she thought had \"morphed itself into a street art magazine.\". The exchange between Sherwin and Anderson has been referenced on several online communities and forums. In 2009, Sherwin interviewed Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales. The interview focused on what passes for notability in respect to visual artist bios on Wikipedia among other things. In the course of the interview Sherwin questioned Wales about widespread allegations that Wikipedia has failed to offer adequate art coverage. Wales stressed that he feels that coverage of the arts on Wikipedia needs to be improved and admitted that there are \u201c\"gaps in coverage\"\u201d. He told Sherwin about some of the difficulties that arise when establishing notability and stated, \u201c \"We're able to find \"notability\" in lots of different places and for lots of different reasons\".\u201d When Sherwin pressed Wales about his interpretation of what makes a visual artist notable by Wikipedia standards Wales replied that there are \u201c\"no easy answers\"\u201d.", "Notability Notability is the property of being worthy of notice, having fame, or being considered to be of a high degree of interest, significance, or distinction. It also refers to the capacity to be such. Persons who are notable due to public responsibility, accomplishments, or, even, mere participation in the celebrity industry are said to have a public profile. The concept arises in the philosophy of aesthetics regarding aesthetic appraisal. There are criticisms of art galleries determining monetary valuation, or valuation so as to determine what or what not to display, being based on notability of the artist, rather than inherent quality of the art work. Notability arises in decisions on coverage questions in journalism. Marketers and newspapers may try to create notability to create celebrity, fame, or notoriety, or to increase sales, as in the yellow press. The privileged class are sometimes called notables, when compared to peasants. Notability of a subject determines which articles will be included or not at Wikipedia. In his book, \"The Wikipedia Revolution: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World's Greatest Encyclopedia\", Andrew Lih writes that notability is at the center of the debate as to what the world's greatest encyclopedia should be - Emily Artinian compares this passage with Borges' \"The Library of Babel\". Persons wanting to delete an article on the grounds of non-notability are called . Those not wanting to delete the article are called . A team of computer scientists at MIT and Rutgers University has used notability at Wikipedia to create a measure of hierarchy in a directed online social network. The number of hits from a search engine has been proposed as a measure of notability; Wikipedia does not recommend the use of Google's results. The number of citations has been proposed as a measure of notability of a publication or author; the field of study is called citation analysis.", "References to blogs, personal websites and MySpace don't count \u2013 we need reliable sources.\" Content not based upon reliable sources may be deemed , which is prohibited on Wikipedia. \" A correlate to this notability criterion, crucial to the identity of the site, is the prohibition on original research, including the synthesis of previously published material.\" As the Wikipedia community has grown, its rules have in turn become more complex, a trend known as instruction creep. This trend is reflected in the development and increasing complexity of the notability guidelines, with various special notability guidelines being proposed for specific topic areas, including notability criteria for porn stars. Commentators have stressed the novelty of the notability criterion, which makes Wikipedia the first encyclopedia to openly discuss criteria for inclusion: \"For the first time in history, a broad open discussion about \"encyclopedia notability\" has been started that has already given rise to intensive debates and detailed \u2013 while still unfinished and unofficial \u2013 lists of possible criteria.\" Two polarized perspectives on notability are commonly known as \"inclusionism\" and \"deletionism\". In one instance, a group of editors agreed that many articles on webcomics should be deleted on the grounds that the various topics lacked notability. Some of the comic artists concerned reacted negatively, accusing editors of being \"wannabe tin-pot dictators masquerading as humble editors. \" Nicholson Baker noted that by 2007, notability disputes had spread into other topics, including companies, places, websites, and people. Timothy Noah wrote several articles in 2007 about the threatened deletion of his entry on grounds of his insufficient notability. He concluded that \"Wikipedia's notability policy resembles U.S. immigration policy before 9/11: stringent rules, spotty enforcement.\"", "Notability in the English Wikipedia In the English version of the online encyclopedia Wikipedia, notability is a criterion to determine whether a topic merits a separate Wikipedia article. It is described in the guideline \"\". In general, notability is an attempt to assess whether the topic has \"gained sufficiently significant attention by the world at large and over a period of time as evidenced by significant coverage in reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic. \" The notability guideline was introduced in 2006 and has since been subject to various controversies. The language of the criterion was modified and adapted to produce notability guidance in specific subject areas, before being introduced into the proposed notability guideline in September 2006. In response to growing concerns in 2006 about issues specifically affecting biographies of living persons, Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales introduced a notability criterion via the core policy of \"\". Wales commented that \"I added Wikipedia is not a newspaper and especially not a tabloid newspaper and that we\u2026 attempt to make some sort of judgment about the long term historical notability of something\u2026\". The criterion was subsequently refined into this Notability guideline; Wales was unsure if the policy changes would be accepted, but within weeks the policy had been \"refined, copyedited, and extended to include heuristics for determining long-term notability\". Notability is demonstrated using \"reliable sources\" according to the corresponding Wikipedia guideline. Reliable sources generally include mainstream news media and major academic journals, and exclude self-published sources, particularly when self-published on the internet. The foundation of this theory is that credible sources \"exercise some form of editorial control.\" Verifiability \u2014 the ability for the reader to confirm that content corresponds to the cited source \u2014 is the standard. \" Gather references both to use as source(s) of your information and also to demonstrate notability of your article's subject matter.", "Notability may be considered to be absolutely objective, e.g., inherently as the Big Bang; relatively objectively determinable using a conventional definition, which is subjectively determined by consensus, e.g., an online encyclopedia consensus to consider all towns as being notable, no matter how small; or subjective, such as a notably emotional day for an individual. Notability may be falsely conferred with fallacious reasoning. Name dropping and argument by authority are examples of attempts to confer notability by associating the name of something notable with something else in an attempt to establish notability of that thing. Conferring notability is related to transitivity and the syllogism. If all A's are notable, and x is an A, then x is notable is true by syllogism, but if A is notable, and x is an element of A, then x is not necessarily notable. If x is more notable than y, and y is more notable than z, then x is more notable than z, but if person x considers A to be notable, and A is a subset of B, then x does not necessarily consider B to be notable; an example of an intentional context in the paradox of the name relation."], "answer": {"text": "The 1992 album Coming Home incorporated R&B influences and was a change in musical direction from the more traditional Cantopop", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_59f8fbd570f1414fb2e297bc0248af09_1_q#1", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "What are interesting aspects relating to the Rise to Notability other than the album incorporating R&B influences?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["\"Diggy Down\" was written by Ilsey Juber, Marcel Botezan, Radu Bolfea and Sebastian Barac, while being solely produced by Vlad Lucan. It samples elements from Marian Hill's recording \"Got It\" (2014), for which the band is credited as a featured artist. The single is a mid-tempo dance-pop recording incorporating R&B influences into its sound. According to music website Direct Lyrics's Kevin Apaza, the track lyrically portrays Inna \"[loving] the way her boy moves and [telling] him she is 'diggy diggy down' to do whatever he wants\". Apaza went on noting similarities between the track's saxophone sequences and Jason Derulo's work. \"Diggy Down\" received favorable reviews from music critics. Kevin Apaza, writing for Direct Lyrics, named the song \"definitely Top 40 radio material\" and \"American industry-friendly\". Furthermore, he labelled it as a \"sexy saxophone-tinged track\", being disappointed about Atlantic Records not promoting the single in the United States. German portal Hitfire praised \"Diggy Down\", and called the saxophone parts of the recording a highlight, while pointing out the whole result as being different from Inna's past material. \"Diggy Down\" reached number one on native Airplay 100 on 1 March 2015, claiming the position for a total of seven weeks. In Bulgaria, the recording similarly experienced commercial success, reaching number three on the Singles Top 40 in its eleventh week; it was a top-ten for eleven consecutive weeks. While being present in the Bulgarian chart for a total of twenty-two editions, \"Diggy Down\" peaked as well at number two hundred twenty-four in Russia.", "Notability Notability is the property of being worthy of notice, having fame, or being considered to be of a high degree of interest, significance, or distinction. It also refers to the capacity to be such. Persons who are notable due to public responsibility, accomplishments, or, even, mere participation in the celebrity industry are said to have a public profile. The concept arises in the philosophy of aesthetics regarding aesthetic appraisal. There are criticisms of art galleries determining monetary valuation, or valuation so as to determine what or what not to display, being based on notability of the artist, rather than inherent quality of the art work. Notability arises in decisions on coverage questions in journalism. Marketers and newspapers may try to create notability to create celebrity, fame, or notoriety, or to increase sales, as in the yellow press. The privileged class are sometimes called notables, when compared to peasants. Notability of a subject determines which articles will be included or not at Wikipedia. In his book, \"The Wikipedia Revolution: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World's Greatest Encyclopedia\", Andrew Lih writes that notability is at the center of the debate as to what the world's greatest encyclopedia should be - Emily Artinian compares this passage with Borges' \"The Library of Babel\". Persons wanting to delete an article on the grounds of non-notability are called . Those not wanting to delete the article are called . A team of computer scientists at MIT and Rutgers University has used notability at Wikipedia to create a measure of hierarchy in a directed online social network. The number of hits from a search engine has been proposed as a measure of notability; Wikipedia does not recommend the use of Google's results. The number of citations has been proposed as a measure of notability of a publication or author; the field of study is called citation analysis.", "References to blogs, personal websites and MySpace don't count \u2013 we need reliable sources.\" Content not based upon reliable sources may be deemed , which is prohibited on Wikipedia. \" A correlate to this notability criterion, crucial to the identity of the site, is the prohibition on original research, including the synthesis of previously published material.\" As the Wikipedia community has grown, its rules have in turn become more complex, a trend known as instruction creep. This trend is reflected in the development and increasing complexity of the notability guidelines, with various special notability guidelines being proposed for specific topic areas, including notability criteria for porn stars. Commentators have stressed the novelty of the notability criterion, which makes Wikipedia the first encyclopedia to openly discuss criteria for inclusion: \"For the first time in history, a broad open discussion about \"encyclopedia notability\" has been started that has already given rise to intensive debates and detailed \u2013 while still unfinished and unofficial \u2013 lists of possible criteria.\" Two polarized perspectives on notability are commonly known as \"inclusionism\" and \"deletionism\". In one instance, a group of editors agreed that many articles on webcomics should be deleted on the grounds that the various topics lacked notability. Some of the comic artists concerned reacted negatively, accusing editors of being \"wannabe tin-pot dictators masquerading as humble editors. \" Nicholson Baker noted that by 2007, notability disputes had spread into other topics, including companies, places, websites, and people. Timothy Noah wrote several articles in 2007 about the threatened deletion of his entry on grounds of his insufficient notability. He concluded that \"Wikipedia's notability policy resembles U.S. immigration policy before 9/11: stringent rules, spotty enforcement.\"", "Notability in the English Wikipedia In the English version of the online encyclopedia Wikipedia, notability is a criterion to determine whether a topic merits a separate Wikipedia article. It is described in the guideline \"\". In general, notability is an attempt to assess whether the topic has \"gained sufficiently significant attention by the world at large and over a period of time as evidenced by significant coverage in reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic. \" The notability guideline was introduced in 2006 and has since been subject to various controversies. The language of the criterion was modified and adapted to produce notability guidance in specific subject areas, before being introduced into the proposed notability guideline in September 2006. In response to growing concerns in 2006 about issues specifically affecting biographies of living persons, Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales introduced a notability criterion via the core policy of \"\". Wales commented that \"I added Wikipedia is not a newspaper and especially not a tabloid newspaper and that we\u2026 attempt to make some sort of judgment about the long term historical notability of something\u2026\". The criterion was subsequently refined into this Notability guideline; Wales was unsure if the policy changes would be accepted, but within weeks the policy had been \"refined, copyedited, and extended to include heuristics for determining long-term notability\". Notability is demonstrated using \"reliable sources\" according to the corresponding Wikipedia guideline. Reliable sources generally include mainstream news media and major academic journals, and exclude self-published sources, particularly when self-published on the internet. The foundation of this theory is that credible sources \"exercise some form of editorial control.\" Verifiability \u2014 the ability for the reader to confirm that content corresponds to the cited source \u2014 is the standard. \" Gather references both to use as source(s) of your information and also to demonstrate notability of your article's subject matter.", "Girl Like You (Jason Aldean song) \"Girl Like You\" is a song written by Jaron Boyer, Josh Mirenda, and Michael Tyler and recorded by American country music singer Jason Aldean. It was released in September 2018 as the third single from Aldean's 2018 album \"Rearview Town\". Billy Dukes of \"Taste of Country\" described the song as a \"mid-tempo love song\" and a \"beat-driven slice of sultry country and hip-hop love.\" He also compared its hip-hop and R&B influences to \"Burnin' It Down\". \"One Country\" writer Annie Reuter also found R&B influences in Aldean's performance, saying that it was a \"blend of rock and R&B influences\" and that it had \"soaring guitar parts, seductive beats and his slowed singing style\", and that it had a theme about \"a long night ahead with his love\". Aldean told \"Nash Country Daily\" that \"I've always loved big guitars and a good groove, but we've never really done it like this before. So, it's cool that we can do that coming off something like [' You Make It Easy' and 'Drowns the Whiskey']. \" The song has sold 105,000 copies in the United States as of March 2019."], "answer": {"text": "The 1992 album Coming Home incorporated R&B influences and was a change in musical direction from the more traditional Cantopop fare of her earlier albums.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Rise to Notability?", "answer": {"text": "The 1992 album Coming Home incorporated R&B influences and was a change in musical direction from the more traditional Cantopop", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59f8fbd570f1414fb2e297bc0248af09_1_q#2", "question": "How did the album fair?", "rewrite": "How did the album Coming Home fair?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The 1992 album Coming Home incorporated R&B influences and was a change in musical direction from the more traditional Cantopop fare of her earlier albums. One song by her of this time was \"Fragile Woman\", a cover of a Japanese song \"Rouge\" originally composed by Miyuki Nakajima and sung by Naomi Chiaki. (Thanks to Wong's cover, this 1972 song-in different language versions-would in the early 1990s become a huge regional hit in Thailand, Vietnam and the rest of Southeast Asia and even Turkey; the most popular English version was titled \"Broken-Hearted Woman\".) Coming Home also included her first English-language number, \"Kisses in the Wind\". Wong stated in a 1994 concert that she very much liked this song, after which various websites listed it as her personal favourite; however, in a 1998 CNN interview she declined to name one favourite song, saying that there were too many, and in 2003 she stated that she no longer liked her old songs. The cover for Coming Home prominently shows the name \"Faye\", and from then on she changed her stage name back to \"Wang Fei\" (Wang Fei ). In 1992-93 she also starred in TVB shows such as File of Justice II (Yi Hao Huang Ting II) and Legendary Ranger (Yuan Zhen Xia ). In 1993, she wrote the Mandarin lyrics for her ballad \"No Regrets\" (Zhi Mi Bu Hui ) which led many to praise her as a gifted lyricist. In February, it became the title track to her album No Regrets. No Regrets features soft contemporary numbers, a few dance tracks and two versions of the title ballad: Wong's Mandarin version, and a Cantonese version (lyrics by Chen Shao Qi).", "Three Futures Three Futures is the third studio album by Torres (n\u00e9e Mackenzie Scott), released on September 29, 2017, on 4AD Records. The album was recorded in England. As with Torres' last album \"Sprinter\", \"Three Futures\" was produced by Rob Eliis. The album was mixed by David Tolomel. \"Three Futures\" was recorded in Stockport and Dorset, England once again with co-producer Rob Ellis, who also produced her last album, \"Sprinter\". David Tolomei was chosen to mix the album. All tracks written by Mackenzie Scott, except where noted", "Torres appears as a guest on Sharon Van Etten's 2014 album \"Are We There?\" and released a single, \"New Skin,\" through Weathervane Music in June 2014. \"Sprinter\" is the second studio album by Mackenzie Scott. It was released on May 5, 2015 by Partisan Records. Unlike \"Torres\", which was produced in Nashville, \"Sprinter\" was recorded in Dorset, England and produced by Rob Ellis. Mackenzie describes \"Sprinter\" as \"something that would feel massive and heavy\" with electronic elements, deliberate guitars and languid arrangements. She toured the U.S. and Europe as a headliner behind this album. She also opened for Garbage and Brandi Carlile, her early musical idol, in 2015. Torres also joined Tegan and Sara for their November 2016 tour. Torres third album \"Three Futures\" was released on September 29, 2017. It was produced by Rob Ellis. Production started in Stockport, England, and was completed in Dorset in the same studio where she worked on \"Sprinter\". \"Three Futures\" brings new elements to Torres' music. \"Three Futures\" takes inspiration from electro-pop, gothic industrial, and insistent Krautrock and places mechanic grooves at the forefront. Torres also contributed a cover version of \"Until I Die\" to the Brandi Carlile charity compilation album \"Cover Stories\". From a young age, it was Broadway that led her to performing music. Her live performances are known to be very dramatic and she believes this stems from her early experiences with musical theater. Her musical influences include Brandi Carlile and Fleetwood Mac. Scott also writes poetry and short stories, and her favorite author is Sylvia Plath, who has inspired many of her works. Her self-titled album \"TORRES\" received favorable reviews from BPM, Pitchfork, and Metacritic.", "Coming Home (Leon Bridges album) Coming Home is the debut studio album by American singer Leon Bridges. It was released on June 23, 2015, by Columbia Records. The album was written by Leon Bridges, Austin Michael Jenkins, Joshua Block, Chris Vivion and produced by Niles City Sound. \"Coming Home\" was supported by two singles: \"Coming Home\" and \"Smooth Sailin'\". The album received generally positive reviews from critics, and charted at number six on the US \"Billboard\" 200. It was nominated for Best R&B Album at the 2016 Grammy Awards. \"Coming Home\" was released as the lead single from the album on February 3, 2015, by Columbia Records. The song continued the success of the demo version and became a \"Top 10 Most Viral Track\" on Spotify, the same month as its release. The album's second single, \"Smooth Sailin'\", was released on June 2, 2015. \"Coming Home\" received generally positive reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 78, based on 21 reviews. Adam Kivel of \"Consequence of Sound\" said, \" On \"Coming Home\", Bridges solidly aligns with the latter, his soulful R&B studied and nostalgic, but also immediate and emotionally true.\" Ryan Patrick of \"Exclaim!\" said, \"\"Coming Home\" is a star-making vehicle that is solidly crafted, robustly traditionalist and palpably soulful. This is not just a nostalgia act; this is music from the heart, and the soul.\" Leonie Cooper of \"NME\" also gave the album a positive review stating, \"\"Coming Home\" exists in a satin-swathed timewarp that takes you back 55 years.", "Coming Home (Falling in Reverse album) Coming Home is the fourth studio album by American rock band Falling in Reverse. The album was released through Epitaph Records on April 7, 2017. It is the first album to feature bassist Zakk Sandler, last album to feature drummer Ryan Seaman, and only album to feature lead guitarist Christian Thompson. The band members announced in 2016 that they had begun to work on their next album stating \"It's a huge left turn. It sounds like nothing we've ever done. Every song is very vibey, There's more feeling in it instead of a lot of metal,\" further stating that, \"We're challenging ourselves now more than we ever have in the weirdest ways possible, because you would think writing the craziest solo or riffs would be the challenging part. But the challenging part is trying to stick to a theme and not go all over the place like we would normally do.\" On December 19, the band released the first single \"Coming Home\" from the album that at the time was not named. On January 20, 2017, the band announced that the album would be called \"Coming Home.\" The same day, they released the single \"Loser. \" The third single \"Broken\" was released on March 21, 2017. On April 4, 2017 they released a music video for \"Coming Home.\" Credits for \"Coming Home\" adapted from AllMusic. Falling in Reverse Additional personnel"], "answer": {"text": "become a huge regional hit", "answer_start": 402}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Rise to Notability?", "answer": {"text": "The 1992 album Coming Home incorporated R&B influences and was a change in musical direction from the more traditional Cantopop", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The 1992 album Coming Home incorporated R&B influences and was a change in musical direction from the more traditional Cantopop fare of her earlier albums.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59f8fbd570f1414fb2e297bc0248af09_1_q#3", "question": "Where was it released?", "rewrite": "Where was Coming Home released?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["We're Coming Home \"We're Coming Home\" is the fourth and final single released by Rogue Traders from their second studio album \" Here Come the Drums\". Unlike previous singles from the album, \"We're Coming Home\" was released exclusively in Australia and did not see an international release. Promo Slipcase We're Coming Home / Voodoo Child Promo Australian CD single The single was less successful than their three previous singles, despite strong radio airplay. \"We're Coming Home\" debuted at #25 on the Australian ARIA singles chart on 25 June 2006. In its second week, the single descended two places down to #27, but re-ascended in its third week to #23. In its fourth week \"We're Coming Home\" ascended to its peak at #14 where it spent a week.", "Coming Home (The Soldiers song) \"Coming Home\" is a song performed by British pop singers The Soldiers. It was written by Jake Hook, Nick Patrick and Jeff Chegwin and produced by Patrick for The Soldier's first album \"Coming Home\". Released on 6 October 2009 serving as the album's lead single, available on digital download only. \"Coming Home\", a song written by Jake Hook, Nick Patrick and Jeff Chegwin and produced by Patrick for The Soldier's first album \"Coming Home \" The song's lyrics are a stirring wish and plead for Army personnel to come home safely, The song features a tin whistle, piano, bass, drum and full string section. The song's structure is as follows, introduction, first verse, chorus, second verse, string section instrumental, chorus to end. The song which is four minutes and eight seconds, is in a 4/4 time signature. The vocals were recorded by Gary Chilton, Richie Maddocks and Ryan Idzi. The Soldiers' first interview was with \"The Sun\". Readers were invited to log on to The Sun's website to download the track for free for 48 hours. The Soldiers' first official UK TV appearance to talk about Coming Home, was with Adam Boulton on SkyNews on Sunday 18 October 2009. The Soldiers also appeared on 'The Alan Titchmarsh Show and GMTV promoting the single. Concept Jeff Chegwin and Nick Patrick The single was made available as a free download via The Sun's website. The version given away was the album version, which contains an instrumental string section. The length of this version is 4 minutes and 8 seconds. The download version which was made available to major download sites such as iTunes, Amazon and Play.com cut the string instrumental and a portion of the introduction and lasts 2 minutes and 56 seconds.", "The Boys Are Coming Home The Boys Are Coming Home was the second new musical to emerge from AMTP at Northwestern University. Written in 2005 and based on Shakespeare\u2019s comedy \"Much Ado About Nothing\", the musical is set in the year 1945, when American servicemen returned home from World War II. With music and lyrics by Leslie Arden and book by Berni Stapleton, \"The Boys Are Coming Home\" is a \"journey through the joys and challenges of post-war life\". \" The Boys Are Coming Home\" was directed by Gary Griffin (assisted by Jason Tyne). \"The Boys Are Coming Home\" was chosen for inclusion in the National Alliance for Music Theatre Festival of New Works in New York City and was renamed \"One Step Forward\". It was listed on the Goodman Theatre's 2007-8 season with a new book by Rebecca Gilman and was to be directed by David Petrarca. This would have been the second Arden/Petrarca team-up with their first being Goodman's production of The House of Martin Guerre back in 1996, but irreconcilable artistic points of view among the key collaborators scuttled the planned premiere (which reverted to its original title \"The Boys Are Coming Home\") and director Chuck Smith's staging of \"Ain't Misbehavin' \" assumed the dates of \"The Boys are Coming Home\".", "Coming Home (Leon Bridges album) Coming Home is the debut studio album by American singer Leon Bridges. It was released on June 23, 2015, by Columbia Records. The album was written by Leon Bridges, Austin Michael Jenkins, Joshua Block, Chris Vivion and produced by Niles City Sound. \"Coming Home\" was supported by two singles: \"Coming Home\" and \"Smooth Sailin'\". The album received generally positive reviews from critics, and charted at number six on the US \"Billboard\" 200. It was nominated for Best R&B Album at the 2016 Grammy Awards. \"Coming Home\" was released as the lead single from the album on February 3, 2015, by Columbia Records. The song continued the success of the demo version and became a \"Top 10 Most Viral Track\" on Spotify, the same month as its release. The album's second single, \"Smooth Sailin'\", was released on June 2, 2015. \"Coming Home\" received generally positive reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 78, based on 21 reviews. Adam Kivel of \"Consequence of Sound\" said, \" On \"Coming Home\", Bridges solidly aligns with the latter, his soulful R&B studied and nostalgic, but also immediate and emotionally true.\" Ryan Patrick of \"Exclaim!\" said, \"\"Coming Home\" is a star-making vehicle that is solidly crafted, robustly traditionalist and palpably soulful. This is not just a nostalgia act; this is music from the heart, and the soul.\" Leonie Cooper of \"NME\" also gave the album a positive review stating, \"\"Coming Home\" exists in a satin-swathed timewarp that takes you back 55 years.", "Coming Home (Falling in Reverse album) Coming Home is the fourth studio album by American rock band Falling in Reverse. The album was released through Epitaph Records on April 7, 2017. It is the first album to feature bassist Zakk Sandler, last album to feature drummer Ryan Seaman, and only album to feature lead guitarist Christian Thompson. The band members announced in 2016 that they had begun to work on their next album stating \"It's a huge left turn. It sounds like nothing we've ever done. Every song is very vibey, There's more feeling in it instead of a lot of metal,\" further stating that, \"We're challenging ourselves now more than we ever have in the weirdest ways possible, because you would think writing the craziest solo or riffs would be the challenging part. But the challenging part is trying to stick to a theme and not go all over the place like we would normally do.\" On December 19, the band released the first single \"Coming Home\" from the album that at the time was not named. On January 20, 2017, the band announced that the album would be called \"Coming Home.\" The same day, they released the single \"Loser. \" The third single \"Broken\" was released on March 21, 2017. On April 4, 2017 they released a music video for \"Coming Home.\" Credits for \"Coming Home\" adapted from AllMusic. Falling in Reverse Additional personnel"], "answer": {"text": "Thailand, Vietnam and the rest of Southeast Asia and even Turkey;", "answer_start": 432}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Rise to Notability?", "answer": {"text": "The 1992 album Coming Home incorporated R&B influences and was a change in musical direction from the more traditional Cantopop", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The 1992 album Coming Home incorporated R&B influences and was a change in musical direction from the more traditional Cantopop fare of her earlier albums.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the album fair?", "answer": {"text": "become a huge regional hit", "answer_start": 402, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59f8fbd570f1414fb2e297bc0248af09_1_q#4", "question": "Did the album have any hits?", "rewrite": "Did Coming Home have any hits?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Coming Home (Leon Bridges album) Coming Home is the debut studio album by American singer Leon Bridges. It was released on June 23, 2015, by Columbia Records. The album was written by Leon Bridges, Austin Michael Jenkins, Joshua Block, Chris Vivion and produced by Niles City Sound. \"Coming Home\" was supported by two singles: \"Coming Home\" and \"Smooth Sailin'\". The album received generally positive reviews from critics, and charted at number six on the US \"Billboard\" 200. It was nominated for Best R&B Album at the 2016 Grammy Awards. \"Coming Home\" was released as the lead single from the album on February 3, 2015, by Columbia Records. The song continued the success of the demo version and became a \"Top 10 Most Viral Track\" on Spotify, the same month as its release. The album's second single, \"Smooth Sailin'\", was released on June 2, 2015. \"Coming Home\" received generally positive reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 78, based on 21 reviews. Adam Kivel of \"Consequence of Sound\" said, \" On \"Coming Home\", Bridges solidly aligns with the latter, his soulful R&B studied and nostalgic, but also immediate and emotionally true.\" Ryan Patrick of \"Exclaim!\" said, \"\"Coming Home\" is a star-making vehicle that is solidly crafted, robustly traditionalist and palpably soulful. This is not just a nostalgia act; this is music from the heart, and the soul.\" Leonie Cooper of \"NME\" also gave the album a positive review stating, \"\"Coming Home\" exists in a satin-swathed timewarp that takes you back 55 years.", "Coming Home (Falling in Reverse album) Coming Home is the fourth studio album by American rock band Falling in Reverse. The album was released through Epitaph Records on April 7, 2017. It is the first album to feature bassist Zakk Sandler, last album to feature drummer Ryan Seaman, and only album to feature lead guitarist Christian Thompson. The band members announced in 2016 that they had begun to work on their next album stating \"It's a huge left turn. It sounds like nothing we've ever done. Every song is very vibey, There's more feeling in it instead of a lot of metal,\" further stating that, \"We're challenging ourselves now more than we ever have in the weirdest ways possible, because you would think writing the craziest solo or riffs would be the challenging part. But the challenging part is trying to stick to a theme and not go all over the place like we would normally do.\" On December 19, the band released the first single \"Coming Home\" from the album that at the time was not named. On January 20, 2017, the band announced that the album would be called \"Coming Home.\" The same day, they released the single \"Loser. \" The third single \"Broken\" was released on March 21, 2017. On April 4, 2017 they released a music video for \"Coming Home.\" Credits for \"Coming Home\" adapted from AllMusic. Falling in Reverse Additional personnel", "Esquire (band) Esquire are an English rock band, formed in 1982, noted for their progressive, art, and symphonic style of rock music. Formed in 1982, Esquire released three studio albums: their self-titled debut album \"Esquire\" in 1987, a follow-up album \"Coming Home\" in 1997, and almost twenty-years later, \"No Spare Planet\", their last album to date. Two tracks from \"Coming Home\", \"Zone of O\" and \"Tron Thomi\", were included on the compilation album \" Yes, Friends and Relatives\". In 2000, two more tracks from \"Coming Home\", \"Coming Home\" and \"Big Girls Don't Cry\", were included on the follow-up compilation album \" Yes, Friends and Relatives, Volume Two\". The band is headed by Nikki Squire, who, when the band started, was married to Yes bassist Chris Squire. Squire , Yes drummer Alan White, Yes producer (and former singer 1979-80) Trevor Horn and Chris and Nikki's eldest daughter, Carmen Squire, all worked on the band's debut album. The second album, \"Coming Home\", was largely written by Nikki Squire and Nigel McLaren; it also included Danny Isaacs on guitar and vocals on three tracks (\"Coming Home\", \"Keep On Dreaming\", \"Glass Houses\") and Tony Matteucci on drums and vocals.", "The Boys Are Coming Home The Boys Are Coming Home was the second new musical to emerge from AMTP at Northwestern University. Written in 2005 and based on Shakespeare\u2019s comedy \"Much Ado About Nothing\", the musical is set in the year 1945, when American servicemen returned home from World War II. With music and lyrics by Leslie Arden and book by Berni Stapleton, \"The Boys Are Coming Home\" is a \"journey through the joys and challenges of post-war life\". \" The Boys Are Coming Home\" was directed by Gary Griffin (assisted by Jason Tyne). \"The Boys Are Coming Home\" was chosen for inclusion in the National Alliance for Music Theatre Festival of New Works in New York City and was renamed \"One Step Forward\". It was listed on the Goodman Theatre's 2007-8 season with a new book by Rebecca Gilman and was to be directed by David Petrarca. This would have been the second Arden/Petrarca team-up with their first being Goodman's production of The House of Martin Guerre back in 1996, but irreconcilable artistic points of view among the key collaborators scuttled the planned premiere (which reverted to its original title \"The Boys Are Coming Home\") and director Chuck Smith's staging of \"Ain't Misbehavin' \" assumed the dates of \"The Boys are Coming Home\".", "Coming Home (The Soldiers song) \"Coming Home\" is a song performed by British pop singers The Soldiers. It was written by Jake Hook, Nick Patrick and Jeff Chegwin and produced by Patrick for The Soldier's first album \"Coming Home\". Released on 6 October 2009 serving as the album's lead single, available on digital download only. \"Coming Home\", a song written by Jake Hook, Nick Patrick and Jeff Chegwin and produced by Patrick for The Soldier's first album \"Coming Home \" The song's lyrics are a stirring wish and plead for Army personnel to come home safely, The song features a tin whistle, piano, bass, drum and full string section. The song's structure is as follows, introduction, first verse, chorus, second verse, string section instrumental, chorus to end. The song which is four minutes and eight seconds, is in a 4/4 time signature. The vocals were recorded by Gary Chilton, Richie Maddocks and Ryan Idzi. The Soldiers' first interview was with \"The Sun\". Readers were invited to log on to The Sun's website to download the track for free for 48 hours. The Soldiers' first official UK TV appearance to talk about Coming Home, was with Adam Boulton on SkyNews on Sunday 18 October 2009. The Soldiers also appeared on 'The Alan Titchmarsh Show and GMTV promoting the single. Concept Jeff Chegwin and Nick Patrick The single was made available as a free download via The Sun's website. The version given away was the album version, which contains an instrumental string section. The length of this version is 4 minutes and 8 seconds. The download version which was made available to major download sites such as iTunes, Amazon and Play.com cut the string instrumental and a portion of the introduction and lasts 2 minutes and 56 seconds."], "answer": {"text": "Broken-Hearted Woman", "answer_start": 543}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Rise to Notability?", "answer": {"text": "The 1992 album Coming Home incorporated R&B influences and was a change in musical direction from the more traditional Cantopop", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The 1992 album Coming Home incorporated R&B influences and was a change in musical direction from the more traditional Cantopop fare of her earlier albums.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the album fair?", "answer": {"text": "become a huge regional hit", "answer_start": 402, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was it released?", "answer": {"text": "Thailand, Vietnam and the rest of Southeast Asia and even Turkey;", "answer_start": 432, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59f8fbd570f1414fb2e297bc0248af09_1_q#5", "question": "How did it do?", "rewrite": "How did the song Broken-Hearted Woman do?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Good Hearted Woman (song) \"Good Hearted Woman\" is a song written by country music singers Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson. In 1969, Jennings and Nelson were staying in a motel in Fort Worth, Texas. Jennings was inspired to write the song after reading an advertisement that promoted Ike and Tina Turner. Jennings joined Nelson during a poker game and told him about the idea. The singers completed the song while Nelson's wife, Connie Koepke, wrote it down. Jennings recorded the single for the same time as the title-track of his 1972 album, peaking at number three on the \"Billboard's\" Hot Country Singles. Jennings and Nelson recorded a duet version in 1975, that was later included in \"\". It peaked at number one on \"Billboard's\" Hot Country Singles and at number 25 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It was awarded with the Single of the Year award by the Country Music Association and gave Jennings and Nelson nationwide recognition. In 1969, while staying at the Fort Worther Motel in Fort Worth, Texas, Waylon Jennings was inspired to start writing the song when he saw an advertisement on a newspaper promoting Tina Turner as a \"good hearted woman loving two-timing men\", a reference to Ike Turner. Jennings went to talk to Nelson, who was in a middle of a poker game. He joined the game, and told Nelson about his idea. While they kept playing, they expanded the lyrics as Nelson's wife Connie Koepke was writing them down. Jennings recorded the song for the first time as the title track of his 1972 album \"Good Hearted Woman\", the single peaked at number three on the \"Billboard's\" Hot Country Singles. In 1975, Jennings remixed the song, adding vocals from Willie Nelson (and adding fake crowd noise to give it a live feel) for the album \"\".", "According to the \"Baltimore Sun\", Sutherland is \"considered by those who know documentaries to be one of the nation's greatest practitioners of the form\". His films have been cited for their \"depth of intimacy and long-form commitment to the filmmaking process\" with some productions taking as long as three years or more to film. Also notable is his unique audio style. For his most recent film, \"Kind Hearted Woman\", Sutherland used up to six microphones at a time to produce over 300 hours of audio recordings, which he eventually edited down for the 5-hour film. Of the result, Brian Lowry of \"Variety\" said, \"Those familiar with Sutherland \u2019s work know he seeks out personal stories and follows them at an unhurried, almost-hypnotic pace, extracting intimate portraits through years of painstaking filming. He has done that and then some with [Kind Hearted Woman].\" Mark Rogers of \"Slant Magazine\" called Kind Hearted Woman \"one of the most compelling documentaries on modern Native American life to date.\" Sutherland's \"Jack Levine: Feast of Pure Reason\" was cited by The Boston Herald as one of the ten best films of 1986, and it won 23 awards, including a Blue Ribbon from the American Film Festival. \" Out of Sight\", one of Sutherland's feature-length films, played at the Berlin International Film Festival in 1994. Gerald Peary of The Improper Bostonian said of the film, \"\"Out of Sight\" is an uncompromised, unexpected take on a blind woman, but what a blind woman! Put away all your politically correct assumptions... Starin is a hellion out of a 1940's Hollywood film noir.\"", "Kind Hearted Woman Blues \"Kind Hearted Woman Blues\" is a blues song recorded on November 23, 1936, in San Antonio, Texas, by the American Delta bluesman Robert Johnson. The song was originally released on 78 rpm format as Vocalion 03416 and ARC 7-03-56. Johnson performed the song in the key of A, and recorded two takes, the first of which contains his only recorded guitar solo. Both takes were used for different pressings of both the Vocalion issue and the ARC issue. The first take (SA-2580-1) can be found on many compilation albums, including the first one, \"King of the Delta Blues Singers\" (1961). Take 2 (SA-2580-2) can be heard on the later compilation \"Robert Johnson, The Complete Recordings\" (1990). This was the first song that Johnson recorded, and it was carefully crafted in imitation of recent hit records. It was composed as if in answer to \"Cruel Hearted Woman Blues\" by Bumble Bee Slim (Amos Easton), which in turn was based on \"Mean Mistreater Mama\" by Leroy Carr accompanied by Scrapper Blackwell. Johnson uses the Carr melody and conveys something of Carr's style in his relaxed singing. His guitar accompaniment echoes Carr's piano phrases in the first verse, then copies Blackwell's guitar phrases in the second verse. He then adds a musical bridge in the style of another hit record, \"Milk Cow Blues\" by Kokomo Arnold. At the end of the bridge, he jumps into a higher register as Arnold does, but then maintains an extraordinary controlled falsetto, which may have been based on the singing of Joe Pullum. Thus Johnson showed in his very first recording that he had mastered the commercially successful urban blues style of the Thirties. However, his debut cannot be dismissed as derivative.", "Good Hearted Woman Good Hearted Woman is an album by American country music artist Waylon Jennings, released in 1972 on RCA Records. Along with \"Ladies Love Outlaws\", released later in 1972, and \"Lonesome, On'ry and Mean\" (released early the following year), \"Good Hearted Woman\" was responsible for transforming Jennings' image into that of one of the representatives of the outlaw country movement. The LP contains a slew of songs written by like-minded songwriters such as Willie Nelson, Tony Joe White and Kris Kristofferson, whose compositions were pushing the boundaries of the conservative country music establishment. Jennings, who had been frustrated by the assembly line production at RCA for years, became a leading force in what was being called \"progressive country\" music. In the audio version of his autobiography \"Waylon\", the singer recalls his frustration: \"I would think of ideas and before I got a chance to put 'em down - or even hear if they even worked - they'd tell me I was wrong. I'd say, 'What the fuck ya mean, it's wrong?' ' Well, it'll make the record skip, if we put that big drum beat on it. We don't understand that rhythm. We have to smooth it out or we'll never get played on radio.' And the best one was, 'That's not country.' I always hated labels, and they kept trying to stick one on me.\" \"Good Hearted Woman\" was produced by Ronny Light, who was appointed by Chet Atkins to produce Waylon after Danny Davis left to work with his brass ensemble.", "Like many of Johnson's songs, \"Kind Hearted Woman Blues\" is a staple in the repertoires of many blues musicians and has been recorded by dozens of traditional and contemporary blues figures, including Muddy Waters, Robert Lockwood, Jr., Johnny Winter, David Bromberg, George Thorogood, and Keb' Mo'. It was included on Eric Clapton's 2004 album, \"Me and Mr. Johnson\", along with many other Johnson classics. The Youngbloods recorded a version of the song and it was released as a B-side on two singles: \"Dreamboat\" in 1972 and \"Running Bear\" in 1972. On Led Zeppelin's cover of Johnson's \"Traveling Riverside Blues\", singer Robert Plant quotes this song with the line: \"Got a kind-hearted woman/ she studies evil all the time\". Ralph McTell recorded the song for his second LP \"Spiral Staircase\" (1969) According to Stephen Calt, the phrase \"kind-hearted woman\" was slang for a woman who \"catered to a gigolo in return for sexual fidelity\"."], "answer": {"text": "popular", "answer_start": 507}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Rise to Notability?", "answer": {"text": "The 1992 album Coming Home incorporated R&B influences and was a change in musical direction from the more traditional Cantopop", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The 1992 album Coming Home incorporated R&B influences and was a change in musical direction from the more traditional Cantopop fare of her earlier albums.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the album fair?", "answer": {"text": "become a huge regional hit", "answer_start": 402, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was it released?", "answer": {"text": "Thailand, Vietnam and the rest of Southeast Asia and even Turkey;", "answer_start": 432, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the album have any hits?", "answer": {"text": "Broken-Hearted Woman", "answer_start": 543, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59f8fbd570f1414fb2e297bc0248af09_0_q#0", "question": "What was the Mandarin Market?", "rewrite": "What was the Mandarin Market?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["To promote \"Slowness\", Tse began a mini-university tour which spanned from January to March, 2010. Promotion continued for \"Slowness\" for the first half of 2010, which saw three further singles that enjoyed moderate chart success. On 23 August 2010, Tse held a press conference to announce her contract renewal with Cinepoly, reportedly a seven-figure deal spanning 5 years. In the period between 2009-2010, Tse had faced some major setbacks in the Hong Kong market, not least including the HKRIA controversy which had caused her an important platform to promote herself, leading to a decline in popularity. She became frequently attacked in the media, especially by the publications Oriental Sunday and New Monday, which were owned by Emperor Entertainment Group. It is widely thought that this was a smear tactic by EEG who perceived Tse as a threat to their contracted artiste Joey Yung, an example being that in 2008, Tse had won six awards at the Commercial Radio's year-end award show to only two won by Yung. She admitted to Black Paper Magazine in 2011 that she had suffered depression during this time, though had recovered. Having faced such setbacks, Tse set her sights in the latter part of 2010 on the Mandarin market. On 23 August, she released her first Mandarin single, \"Weak\" (\u8106\u5f31) followed by her debut Mandarin album, \"My Second Home\" (\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5bb6) on 5 November 2010. The second single, \"Goodbye\" (\u518d\u898b) was released to coincide with the album launch. In May, Tse premiered the single \"December 20th\" (\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u4e8c\u5341). The single was described as \"last moment on Earth [...] lyrically about the rich-poor and class divides in Hong Kong\".", "Beijing Mandarin (division of Mandarin) In Chinese dialectology, Beijing Mandarin () refers to a major branch of Mandarin Chinese recognized by the \"Language Atlas of China\", encompassing a number of dialects spoken in areas of Beijing, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning and Tianjin, the most important of which is the Beijing dialect, which provides the phonological basis for Standard Chinese. Beijing Mandarin and Northeastern Mandarin were proposed by Chinese linguist Li Rong as two separate branches of Mandarin in the 1980s. In Li\u2019s 1985 paper , he suggested using tonal reflexes of Middle Chinese checked tone characters as the criterion for classifying Mandarin dialects. In this paper, he used the term \u201cBeijing Mandarin\u201d () to refer the dialect group in which checked tone characters with a voiceless initial have dark level, light level, rising and departing tone reflexes. He chose the name Beijing Mandarin as this Mandarin group is approximate to the Beijing dialect. He subsequently proposed a split of Beijing Mandarin and Northeastern Mandarin in 1987, listing the following as reasons: The 2012 edition of \"Language Atlas of China\" added one more method for distinguishing Beijing Mandarin from Northeastern Mandarin: Meanwhile, there are some scholars who regard Beijing Mandarin and Northeastern Mandarin as a single division of Mandarin. Lin (1987) noticed the phonological similarity between Beijing Mandarin and Northeastern Mandarin. Zhang (2010) suggested that the criteria for the division of Beijing Mandarin and Northeastern Mandarin as top-level Mandarin groups are inconsistent with the criterion for the division of other top-level Mandarin groups. Beijing Mandarin is classified into the following subdivisions in the 2012 edition of \"Language Atlas of China\": Per the 2012 edition of \"Atlas\", these subgroups are distinguished by the following features:", "Major differences between Standard Singaporean Mandarin and Colloquial Singaporean Mandarin lie in their linguistic features. Standard Singaporean Mandarin uses standard Mandarin vocabulary and grammar which are very similar to that of the Beijing standard (Putonghua), both spoken and written. Colloquial Singaporean Mandarin, though based on Standard Mandarin, is often mixed with loan words and syntax from other Chinese varieties (especially those in southern China), and to a lesser extent, Malay and English. This is due to the multilingual nature of Singaporean families and society. There are also often cases when Singaporeans (due to their poorer command of Mandarin) find it hard to find or recall a Mandarin term and thus use loan words from other languages instead. The term \"rojak\" (a Malay food used for describing \"mixture\") is most appropriate in describing colloquial Singaporean Mandarin. Colloquial Singaporean Mandarin is the equivalent of Singlish in the Mandarin speaking world of Singapore. The word \"\"Singdarin\"\" has been used to name the Colloquial Singaporean Mandarin. Standard Singaporean Mandarin also differs from colloquial Singaporean Mandarin in terms of vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation. This is because not all Singaporean Chinese speak Mandarin at home. Some could speak other Non-Mandarin Chinese varieties or English most of the time and have less exposure to Standard Mandarin. All these factors have influenced the way in which colloquial Singaporean Mandarin is formed. Colloquial Singaporean Mandarin uses a variety of Southern Chinese exclamatory particles, in lieu of standard Mandarin equivalents. An example is the loan exclamatory final particle \u56c9 (\"lor\") from Cantonese (analogous to Singlish usage), instead of the Mandarin exclamatory final particle \u561b/\u5440/\u554a (\"ma/ya/", "Ran Wei (actress) Ran Wei is an American actress and fashion model of Chinese descent. She is best known for her role as Cyborg C4 in \"Cyborgs Universe\" and as Soo Chin in \"How to Survive High School\". Wei was born in Zhengzhou, China. Wei moved to the United States when she was 16 years old to live with her parents in the San Francisco Bay Area. Wei was discovered by a talent scout while working in a clothing store and appeared in many commercials before relocating to Los Angeles to further pursue her acting career. She has continued to do work that appears both in the US and China, including commercials for Apple for the English and Mandarin market, which garnered the attention of the Chinese newspaper World Journal, the US's largest Chinese newspaper, and CCTV, China's predominant state television broadcaster. She is the cover model on the first anniversary issue of Faddy Magazine and featured inside with an exclusive interview about her life and career. The Visual Effects Society also invited Ran to present awards, including a Lifetime Achievement Award to Ridley Scott, and a Visionary Award to Syd Mead, for their 14th Annual VES Awards. In 2018, Ran joined as C4 for the upcoming tv pilot \"Cyborgs Universe\".", "(\u660e\u65e5\u8a71\u4eca\u5929) by Jenny Tseng, \"Life to seek\" (\u4e00\u751f\u4f55\u6c42) by Danny Chan, \"Snowing\" (\u98c4\u96ea) by Priscilla Chan, and \"Can't afford\" (\u8ca0\u64d4\u4e0d\u8d77) by Jade Kwan were originally composed outside of Hong Kong. Many critics disapprove of this practice of covering foreign music as lack of originality, and many albums promoted themselves as \"cover-free\". Talent is unusually secondary to the success of a Cantopop singer in Hong Kong. Most times, image sells albums, as it is one of the characteristic of mainstream music similarly mirrored in the United States and Japan. Publicity is vital to an idol's career, as one piece of news could make or break a future. Almost all modern Cantopop stars go into the movie business regardless of their ability to act; however the reverse may also occur with actors releasing albums and embarking on concerts regardless of singing talent. They immediately expand to the Mandarin market once their fame is established, hence pure Cantopop stars are almost nonexistent. Outside of the music sales, their success can also be gauged by their income. For example, according to some reports, Sammi Cheng earned HK$46M (around US$6M) from advertisement and merchandise endorsements in one month alone. Many artists however begin with financial hardships. For example, Yumiko Cheng owed her company thousands of dollars. Others include Elanne Kong crying in public with only HK$58 left. PolyGram, EMI, Sony, Warner and BMG were established in Hong Kong since the 1970s. Local record companies such as Crown Records (\u5a1b\u6a02\u5531\u7247), Wing Hang Records (\u6c38\u6046), Manchi Records (\u6587\u5fd7) and Capital Artists (\u83ef\u661f\u5531\u7247)in the past have become successful local labels."], "answer": {"text": "Besides two Cantonese albums in 1994, Wong released two other albums in Mandarin in Taiwan,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_59f8fbd570f1414fb2e297bc0248af09_0_q#1", "question": "What were those albums?", "rewrite": "What were the albums Wong released other than two Cantonese albums in 1994?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Later that year, Wong starred in TVB comedy \"A Tough Side of a Lady\". In 1998, Wong scored his breakthrough role when he played a firefighter in the classic hit TVB series \"Burning Flame\". He was nominated as one of the top five finalists for Best Actor at the 1999 TVB Anniversary Awards. \"Burning Flame\" made Wong a household name and led to the reprisal of his firefighter role in the 2002 sequel \"Burning Flame II\". Wong won My Favourite Television Character Award for his role as Kei Tak Tin in \"Burning Flame II\" at the 2002 TVB Anniversary Awards. In 2000, Wong launched an \"au naturel\" pictorial book, \"Access Wong He,\" the proceeds of which were all donated to the relief fund for Taiwan's 921 earthquake. Wong has also made a number of film appearances in Hong Kong. He was nominated for Best Supporting Actor at the fifth Golden Bauhinia Awards for \"The Boss Up There\". In addition, he has starred in several TV series in Singapore, Taiwan, and Mainland China. As a popular TVB actor, Wong signed a recording contract with Avex Trax. In 2001, Wong released his debut EP, \"Xi Xin Chang Ge\" (\u559c\u65b0\u5531\u6b4c), featuring \"Love is the Sea,\" the ending theme song from \"A Matter of Customs\". With the success of his debut EP, Wong released his debut album \" I Believe... Wong He\" in February 2002. In September of the same year, Wong released another album \"Call Me in the Morning\". In addition, he sang the theme songs for several of his TV series, \"Doomed to Oblivion\", \"Net Deception\", \"Shades of Truth\", and \"Twilight Investigation\".", "The album took a step back from Wong\u2019s electronic past and focused on a more grassroots style. The album also notably included the tune \"Dear Margaret (\u89aa\u611b\u7684\u746a\u5609\u70c8)\" composed by Ellen Joyce Loo with lyrics by Wyman Wong. The song was written in dedication to courageous youth like Loo and the title was inspired by the book \"Dear Andre\" (\u89aa\u611b\u7684\u5b89\u5fb7\u70c8). The album also contained a cover of the song Teardrop by Massive Attack. The album itself was titled in tribute to the Wim Wenders film Kings of the Road. The album won the Best Annual Cantonese album and Best Cantonese Male Singer at the Chinese Music Media Awards (\u534e\u8bed\u97f3\u4e50\u4f20\u5a92\u5927\u5956) Wong released the album \"Still Covered In Flowers\" (\u62c2\u4e86\u4e00\u8eab\u9084\u6eff) in November 2011 and it was his first album since 1994 \u2019s \"I\u2019m No Angel\" (\u660e\u660e\u4e0d\u662f\u5929\u4f7f) that was primarily in Mandarin although the album also contained four Cantonese songs. The title of the album was a partial line from a poem by Li Yu. The album had another notable contribution from Ellen Joyce Loo in the song \"An Unrivaled Beauty (\u7d55\u8272)\". In 2014, Wong released the live album and concert performance \" Below Tai Ping Shan\" (\u592a\u5e73\u5c71\u4e0b) which contained personal themes relating to Wong\u2019s life and love for Hong Kong. In 2016, Wong released the live album and DVD entitled \"Red Diffusion\" (\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u547c\u8072\u807d\u8b49\u6703). Tat Ming Pair once again reunited in 2012 to release a single \"It's My Party\" to celebrate their 25th anniversary. In April 2012, they also held a series of concerts at the Hong Kong Coliseum and released a live album entitled \"\u515c\u515c\u8f49\u8f49\u6f14\u6f14\u5531\u5531\u6703\".", "Besides two Cantonese albums in 1994, Wong released two other albums in Mandarin in Taiwan, Mystery (Mi ) and Sky (Tian Kong ). The runaway hit \"I'm Willing\" (Wo Yuan Yi ) in Mystery became her trademark hit in the Mandarin-speaking communities for years, and has been covered by other singers such as Gigi Leung, Sammi Cheng and Jay Chou. Sky was seen by fans as a successful amalgam of artistic experimentation and commercialism. While her hits in Hong Kong were noticeably alternative, her two Mandarin albums were more lyrical and traditional. Critics generally credit Taiwanese producer Yang Ming-huang for their success. Four best-selling albums in Cantonese and Mandarin, a record-breaking 18 consecutive concerts in Hong Kong, and a widely acclaimed film (Chungking Express) made Faye Wong the most eminent female Hong Kong singer in the mid-1990s. Meanwhile, her distaste for the profit-oriented HK entertainment industry became more and more apparent. She was frequently in touch with the rock circle in Beijing. Given her somewhat reticent and nonchalant personality, she would sometimes give terse, direct, and somewhat unexpected answers when asked personal questions by the HK media. In 1995, she released Decadent Sounds of Faye (Fei Mi Mi Zhi Yin ), a cover album of songs originally recorded by her idol Teresa Teng, one of the most revered Chinese singers of the 20th century. A duet with Teng was planned for the album, but unfortunately she died before this could be recorded. Decadent Sounds sold well despite initial negative criticism, and has come to be recognised as an example of imaginative covering by recent critics. In December, she released her Cantonese album Di-Dar which mixes an alternative yodelling style with a touch of Indian and Middle Eastern flavour.", "Before Sunrise (\u6625\u5149\u4e4d\u6d29)\" which coincidentally shares a title with Cheung\u2019s 1997 film with Wong Kar-wai. Wong won Best Electronic Artist at the second annual Chinese Music Media Awards (\u534e\u8bed\u97f3\u4e50\u4f20\u5a92\u5927\u5956). In November 2002, Wong also released the live album \"Acoustic... And a Little More\" which contained a cover of Suede\u2019s Saturday Night. In July 2003, Wong released an album of brand-new material entitled \"My 21st Century\" (\u6211\u7684\u5eff\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00). The album won three awards at the Chinese Music Media Awards (\u534e\u8bed\u97f3\u4e50\u4f20\u5a92\u5927\u5956), including the honor of Best Record. A re-release of the album also featured an additional track \"\u8eab\u5916\u60c5 (Affairs Beyond A Human Being)\", written by Gaybird Leung (\u6881\u57fa\u7235) with lyrics by Lin Xi, which was the theme song to the film Running on Karma. The song was nominated at the 23rd Hong Kong Film Awards and the 41st Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards. Wong's song \"Missing (\u4e0b\u843d\u4e0d\u660e)\" was also one of ten songs which won Best Song awards at the Ultimate Song Chart Awards Presentation(\u53f1\u54a4\u6a02\u58c7\u6d41\u884c\u699c\u9812\u734e\u5178\u79ae). The song was written by Arian (\u4e9e\u91cc\u5b89) with lyrics by Wyman Wong and was inspired by the Pet Shop Boys' Being Boring. Wong released \"Tomorrow\u2019s Song\" (\u660e\u65e5\u4e4b\u6b4c) in August 2004, which was a tribute album reimagining the work of composer Joseph Koo. The album won awards at the Chinese Music Media Awards (\u534e\u8bed\u97f3\u4e50\u4f20\u5a92\u5927\u5956). Wong also won the award for Best Male Cantonese Singer at the Top Chinese Music awards (\u97f3\u4e50\u98ce\u4e91\u699c). In 2004, the duo reunited to release a new single entitled", "Wong completed his much-anticipated first solo concert in the Hong Kong Coliseum on 29 March, and the success of the whole concert was undeniable. His concert was entitled \"Michael's First Fairy Tale Concert 2006\". Wong has managed to make his mark in everybody's heart with his love for music. After that, he would return to his homeland, Malaysia, in September, to stage a concert there as well. His second concert, titled \"Michael's Commitment Concert Malaysia 2006\", was held on 1 September in the Putra Indoor Stadium in Malaysia. After about a few weeks of selling tickets, all were sold out. Due to the overwhelming response, Wong and his company decided to stage his concert there for two nights. Wong was very delighted and grateful that his fans were so supportive and stated that he hoped these two concerts would allow him to introduce his country, Malaysia, to his fans from other countries, playing the role as Tourism Malaysia's envoy. His two shows in Malaysia guaranteed a fun-filled night where fans enjoyed Wong's soothing, self-written songs. Wong released a compilation called \"Michael 1996\u20132006 the greatest hits\" on 16 May 2007. On 9 November 2007, Wong released his 5th solo studio album, \"Never Apart\". 31 July 2009 he released his \"First Digital Single\" which contained 2 Cantonese songs called: \u5e97\u5c0f\u4e8c (Dian Xiao Er) and \u6e05\u6c34 (Qing Shui). \u53f3\u624b\u908a (You Shou Bian) and \u7f8e\u597d\u6642\u5149 (Mei Hao Shi Guang) were also included. In October 2010, Wong represented Malaysia and performed at the 7th Asia Song Festival, organised by \"Korea Foundation for International Culture Exchange\", at the Seoul Olympic Stadium."], "answer": {"text": "Mystery (Mi ) and Sky (Tian Kong", "answer_start": 92}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Mandarin Market?", "answer": {"text": "Besides two Cantonese albums in 1994, Wong released two other albums in Mandarin in Taiwan,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59f8fbd570f1414fb2e297bc0248af09_0_q#2", "question": "Did those albums do well?", "rewrite": "Did the albums Wong released other than two Cantonese albums in 1994 do well?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The album took a step back from Wong\u2019s electronic past and focused on a more grassroots style. The album also notably included the tune \"Dear Margaret (\u89aa\u611b\u7684\u746a\u5609\u70c8)\" composed by Ellen Joyce Loo with lyrics by Wyman Wong. The song was written in dedication to courageous youth like Loo and the title was inspired by the book \"Dear Andre\" (\u89aa\u611b\u7684\u5b89\u5fb7\u70c8). The album also contained a cover of the song Teardrop by Massive Attack. The album itself was titled in tribute to the Wim Wenders film Kings of the Road. The album won the Best Annual Cantonese album and Best Cantonese Male Singer at the Chinese Music Media Awards (\u534e\u8bed\u97f3\u4e50\u4f20\u5a92\u5927\u5956) Wong released the album \"Still Covered In Flowers\" (\u62c2\u4e86\u4e00\u8eab\u9084\u6eff) in November 2011 and it was his first album since 1994 \u2019s \"I\u2019m No Angel\" (\u660e\u660e\u4e0d\u662f\u5929\u4f7f) that was primarily in Mandarin although the album also contained four Cantonese songs. The title of the album was a partial line from a poem by Li Yu. The album had another notable contribution from Ellen Joyce Loo in the song \"An Unrivaled Beauty (\u7d55\u8272)\". In 2014, Wong released the live album and concert performance \" Below Tai Ping Shan\" (\u592a\u5e73\u5c71\u4e0b) which contained personal themes relating to Wong\u2019s life and love for Hong Kong. In 2016, Wong released the live album and DVD entitled \"Red Diffusion\" (\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u547c\u8072\u807d\u8b49\u6703). Tat Ming Pair once again reunited in 2012 to release a single \"It's My Party\" to celebrate their 25th anniversary. In April 2012, they also held a series of concerts at the Hong Kong Coliseum and released a live album entitled \"\u515c\u515c\u8f49\u8f49\u6f14\u6f14\u5531\u5531\u6703\".", "Wong completed his much-anticipated first solo concert in the Hong Kong Coliseum on 29 March, and the success of the whole concert was undeniable. His concert was entitled \"Michael's First Fairy Tale Concert 2006\". Wong has managed to make his mark in everybody's heart with his love for music. After that, he would return to his homeland, Malaysia, in September, to stage a concert there as well. His second concert, titled \"Michael's Commitment Concert Malaysia 2006\", was held on 1 September in the Putra Indoor Stadium in Malaysia. After about a few weeks of selling tickets, all were sold out. Due to the overwhelming response, Wong and his company decided to stage his concert there for two nights. Wong was very delighted and grateful that his fans were so supportive and stated that he hoped these two concerts would allow him to introduce his country, Malaysia, to his fans from other countries, playing the role as Tourism Malaysia's envoy. His two shows in Malaysia guaranteed a fun-filled night where fans enjoyed Wong's soothing, self-written songs. Wong released a compilation called \"Michael 1996\u20132006 the greatest hits\" on 16 May 2007. On 9 November 2007, Wong released his 5th solo studio album, \"Never Apart\". 31 July 2009 he released his \"First Digital Single\" which contained 2 Cantonese songs called: \u5e97\u5c0f\u4e8c (Dian Xiao Er) and \u6e05\u6c34 (Qing Shui). \u53f3\u624b\u908a (You Shou Bian) and \u7f8e\u597d\u6642\u5149 (Mei Hao Shi Guang) were also included. In October 2010, Wong represented Malaysia and performed at the 7th Asia Song Festival, organised by \"Korea Foundation for International Culture Exchange\", at the Seoul Olympic Stadium.", "Besides two Cantonese albums in 1994, Wong released two other albums in Mandarin in Taiwan, Mystery (Mi ) and Sky (Tian Kong ). The runaway hit \"I'm Willing\" (Wo Yuan Yi ) in Mystery became her trademark hit in the Mandarin-speaking communities for years, and has been covered by other singers such as Gigi Leung, Sammi Cheng and Jay Chou. Sky was seen by fans as a successful amalgam of artistic experimentation and commercialism. While her hits in Hong Kong were noticeably alternative, her two Mandarin albums were more lyrical and traditional. Critics generally credit Taiwanese producer Yang Ming-huang for their success. Four best-selling albums in Cantonese and Mandarin, a record-breaking 18 consecutive concerts in Hong Kong, and a widely acclaimed film (Chungking Express) made Faye Wong the most eminent female Hong Kong singer in the mid-1990s. Meanwhile, her distaste for the profit-oriented HK entertainment industry became more and more apparent. She was frequently in touch with the rock circle in Beijing. Given her somewhat reticent and nonchalant personality, she would sometimes give terse, direct, and somewhat unexpected answers when asked personal questions by the HK media. In 1995, she released Decadent Sounds of Faye (Fei Mi Mi Zhi Yin ), a cover album of songs originally recorded by her idol Teresa Teng, one of the most revered Chinese singers of the 20th century. A duet with Teng was planned for the album, but unfortunately she died before this could be recorded. Decadent Sounds sold well despite initial negative criticism, and has come to be recognised as an example of imaginative covering by recent critics. In December, she released her Cantonese album Di-Dar which mixes an alternative yodelling style with a touch of Indian and Middle Eastern flavour.", "Later that year, Wong starred in TVB comedy \"A Tough Side of a Lady\". In 1998, Wong scored his breakthrough role when he played a firefighter in the classic hit TVB series \"Burning Flame\". He was nominated as one of the top five finalists for Best Actor at the 1999 TVB Anniversary Awards. \"Burning Flame\" made Wong a household name and led to the reprisal of his firefighter role in the 2002 sequel \"Burning Flame II\". Wong won My Favourite Television Character Award for his role as Kei Tak Tin in \"Burning Flame II\" at the 2002 TVB Anniversary Awards. In 2000, Wong launched an \"au naturel\" pictorial book, \"Access Wong He,\" the proceeds of which were all donated to the relief fund for Taiwan's 921 earthquake. Wong has also made a number of film appearances in Hong Kong. He was nominated for Best Supporting Actor at the fifth Golden Bauhinia Awards for \"The Boss Up There\". In addition, he has starred in several TV series in Singapore, Taiwan, and Mainland China. As a popular TVB actor, Wong signed a recording contract with Avex Trax. In 2001, Wong released his debut EP, \"Xi Xin Chang Ge\" (\u559c\u65b0\u5531\u6b4c), featuring \"Love is the Sea,\" the ending theme song from \"A Matter of Customs\". With the success of his debut EP, Wong released his debut album \" I Believe... Wong He\" in February 2002. In September of the same year, Wong released another album \"Call Me in the Morning\". In addition, he sang the theme songs for several of his TV series, \"Doomed to Oblivion\", \"Net Deception\", \"Shades of Truth\", and \"Twilight Investigation\".", "Before Sunrise (\u6625\u5149\u4e4d\u6d29)\" which coincidentally shares a title with Cheung\u2019s 1997 film with Wong Kar-wai. Wong won Best Electronic Artist at the second annual Chinese Music Media Awards (\u534e\u8bed\u97f3\u4e50\u4f20\u5a92\u5927\u5956). In November 2002, Wong also released the live album \"Acoustic... And a Little More\" which contained a cover of Suede\u2019s Saturday Night. In July 2003, Wong released an album of brand-new material entitled \"My 21st Century\" (\u6211\u7684\u5eff\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00). The album won three awards at the Chinese Music Media Awards (\u534e\u8bed\u97f3\u4e50\u4f20\u5a92\u5927\u5956), including the honor of Best Record. A re-release of the album also featured an additional track \"\u8eab\u5916\u60c5 (Affairs Beyond A Human Being)\", written by Gaybird Leung (\u6881\u57fa\u7235) with lyrics by Lin Xi, which was the theme song to the film Running on Karma. The song was nominated at the 23rd Hong Kong Film Awards and the 41st Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards. Wong's song \"Missing (\u4e0b\u843d\u4e0d\u660e)\" was also one of ten songs which won Best Song awards at the Ultimate Song Chart Awards Presentation(\u53f1\u54a4\u6a02\u58c7\u6d41\u884c\u699c\u9812\u734e\u5178\u79ae). The song was written by Arian (\u4e9e\u91cc\u5b89) with lyrics by Wyman Wong and was inspired by the Pet Shop Boys' Being Boring. Wong released \"Tomorrow\u2019s Song\" (\u660e\u65e5\u4e4b\u6b4c) in August 2004, which was a tribute album reimagining the work of composer Joseph Koo. The album won awards at the Chinese Music Media Awards (\u534e\u8bed\u97f3\u4e50\u4f20\u5a92\u5927\u5956). Wong also won the award for Best Male Cantonese Singer at the Top Chinese Music awards (\u97f3\u4e50\u98ce\u4e91\u699c). In 2004, the duo reunited to release a new single entitled"], "answer": {"text": "The runaway hit \"I'm Willing\" (Wo Yuan Yi ) in Mystery became her trademark hit in the Mandarin-speaking communities for years,", "answer_start": 128}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Mandarin Market?", "answer": {"text": "Besides two Cantonese albums in 1994, Wong released two other albums in Mandarin in Taiwan,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were those albums?", "answer": {"text": "Mystery (Mi ) and Sky (Tian Kong", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59f8fbd570f1414fb2e297bc0248af09_0_q#3", "question": "What else came of that?", "rewrite": "Other than the hit \"I'm Willing\",What else came of Wong's albums?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Wong Shun Leung Wong Shun Leung (; 8 May 1935 \u2013 28 January 1997) was a Hong Kong martial artist from Hong Kong who studied Wing Chun kung fu under Ip Man (\u8449\u554f) and was credited with training Bruce Lee. In interviews, Wong claimed to have won at least 60, and perhaps over 100, street fights against martial artists of various styles, though these numbers cannot be independently confirmed. Due to his reputation, his students and admirers referred to him as 'Gong Sau Wong' (\u8b1b\u624b\u738b or 'King of Talking Hands'). Wong recorded one instructional film entitled \"Wing Chun: The science of in-fighting\". Wong reportedly trained in several martial art styles in his youth, primarily in Tai Chi and either boxing or kickboxing. He abandoned boxing because of two incidents: one with his boxing coach and one with Ip Man. The first incident apparently occurred because Wong accidentally struck his boxing coach during sparring. The angry coach attacked in earnest, only to be eventually knocked out by Wong; the incident caused Wong to leave boxing. In another account, however, Wong said he had defeated his boxing coach with wing chun techniques: \"I was sparring with my instructor and I hit him very hard , he got real mad and came at me very hard. I fought back with wing chun and he ended up bleeding. Boxing was over for me!\" The second incident came about from Wong's fascination with the stories of legendary wing chun figures, such as Chan Wah-shun (\u9673\u83ef\u9806) and Leung Jan (\u6881\u8d0a). This interest led Wong to look for a wing chun teacher. Friends of his older brother took him to meet Ip Man. According to one version of events, after defeating at least two of Yip's students, Wong had a match with Yip himself and was defeated easily.", "At the time, Lynde was scoring second only to Peter Falk in TV popularity polls even though his sitcom, which aired opposite \"The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour\" on CBS, was floundering in the ratings. Asher was against making this change but was overruled as his contractual commitments to ABC had been used up. Of the change Asher stated: The network\u2013ugh\u2013they're so stupid sometimes. The shows [\"Temperatures Rising\" and \"The Paul Lynde Show\"] were doing good, they weren't big hits, but they were doing good. They felt that if they could put Paul [Lynde] and Cleavon Little together that they would have a big hit. I didn't want to do that. I said I \"won't\" do it, not at the sacrifice of the show. It's wrong. I don't think it's a good idea. But they wanted to bring in somebody else as the head of the hospital. They wanted his [Lynde's] mother to be head of the hospital and his conflicts would be with her and I just didn't think it was right. I didn't want to write it. I just didn't want to do it [and] I didn't. Someone else came in. It was a big thing with the network. They cancelled \"The Paul Lynde Show\" and put Paul in \"Temperatures Rising\".\" Asher was replaced as producer by Bruce Johnson and Duke Vincent, whose previous credits included: \"Gomer Pyle \u2013 USMC\", \"The Jim Nabors Hour\", \"Arnie\", and \"The Little People\".", "Tony S. also appreciated the duo's \"witty banter\" and \"straight forward conversation\" on top of their being \"gorgeous.\" Meanwhile, Tony S. also took notice of Eli's \"frenemy\" dynamic with Lani Price. He described the duo as \"entertaining together.\" \"TV Fanatic's\" Christine Orlando and WendyLou also liked the pairing of Eli and Gabi and were very much against the potential Lani pairing which they felt was inevitable because of the writing. Tony S. from \"Soap Central\" however enjoyed Eli's dynamic with both Lani and Gabi. \" Soap Opera Digest\" praised Eli and Gabi's chemistry and applauded Archey and Banus for the \"easy, breezy naturalness\" between the characters. The magazine continued and said the \"matchup feels plausible and unforced.\" Jack Ori felt the episode in which Eli was forced to choose between Gabi and his grandmother Julie made the character look weak. \"First he was willing to totally write Gabi off despite his interest... because Julie said Gabi caused her to have a heart attack by yelling at her.\" Then Eli quickly changed his tune when someone else came to Gabi's defense with checking the story. He continued that as a FBI agent, Eli \"should be capable of figuring out the truth himself rather than relying on what other people say.\"", "He was harassed, however, by Briton newcomer Eddie Irvine, who attempted to pass Senna and unlap himself while battling with Prost's British teammate Damon Hill. Senna won his 40th race in his career from Prost, but he wasn't all smiles. He sought out Irvine, had a heated discussion with the Northern Irishman and punched him in the side of the head; and then Senna went on live television for post-race interviews, and used profanity on the live recording in frustration at Irvine, other driver's bad behavior on the track and at the media, who he claimed were irresponsible for sensationalizing some of the driver's dangerous on-track behavior. By 1994, Prost had retired and Senna was killed at the San Marino Grand Prix, and the Japanese GP that year saw Hill and German Michael Schumacher battle for the Drivers' Championship. Hill crucially won the race ahead of Schumacher; Suzuka was hammered by a torrential downpour which made conditions very difficult for Hill as Schumacher was an acknowledged specialist in wet-weather conditions. 1995 saw an incredible drive from French-Italian Jean Alesi on dry slick tyres in damp conditions. It had rained at the start; but the track was drying. Alesi went into the pits on lap seven, around the time everyone else came in. The French driver began to lap Suzuka in his Ferrari 5 seconds faster than anyone else, and when he came out of the pits, he was 17th \u2013 but then over the course of 18 laps climbed to 2nd place, passing car after car while a number of the other cars changed to dry slick tyres. But then Alesi had to serve a drive-through penalty for jumping the start. This did not stop the emotionally highly-strung Alesi: he dropped down to 10th, but he pushed hard; and began passing car after car.", "This album has become something of a cult classic, all due to his songwriting abilities. After this period he joined Nina Hagen's band, and appeared on her album, \"In Ekstase\". They toured Europe and South America and played to hundreds of thousands of people at the Rock in Rio concert in Brazil. Nina Hagen was not well known in the US, but was VERY popular in Europe. She went through various keyboard players when Roger quit her band, only to hire him again at a later date as no one else came up to her standards as a performer. He, along with musician, Larry Greene, formed the band Harlan Cage in the mid-nineties, and they recorded and released successful albums right into the 2000s until a 'Best of' album was commissioned. Roger and Larry formed a very workable group, with Larry's strong and sensual vocals, Harlan Cage became a cult classic which vied with the previous Fortune album for supremacy in the Pomp AOR world. Roger later formed a new band, 101 South, in 2000 and they recorded three albums together. 101 South comprises the fulmination of the creativity from all the songs he wrote throughout his life, starting with those songs he wrote for Liverpool Express, Fortune, and Harlan Cage. Roger was able to attract some exceptional musicians at this point of his career, such as Ian Bairnson (guitarist). His primary choice of vocalist was Gregory Lynn Hall, he had found other musicians who were to his ears specialists in their fields, such as Alan Jeffrey, an emotive saxophone player. Never willing to stop, without finding the best instrumentalist to present his own beautifully written music for your ears...that is what Roger Scott Craig does, that is how his mind works. The original line-up of Liverpool Express were reunited in August 2002, following global fan interest."], "answer": {"text": "Four best-selling albums in Cantonese and Mandarin, a record-breaking 18 consecutive concerts in Hong Kong, and a widely acclaimed film", "answer_start": 627}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Mandarin Market?", "answer": {"text": "Besides two Cantonese albums in 1994, Wong released two other albums in Mandarin in Taiwan,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were those albums?", "answer": {"text": "Mystery (Mi ) and Sky (Tian Kong", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did those albums do well?", "answer": {"text": "The runaway hit \"I'm Willing\" (Wo Yuan Yi ) in Mystery became her trademark hit in the Mandarin-speaking communities for years,", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59f8fbd570f1414fb2e297bc0248af09_0_q#4", "question": "What was the film called?", "rewrite": "What was the film spawned from Faye Wong's musical works called?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Faye Wong (2001 album) Faye Wong (\u738b\u83f2) is a 2001 album by Beijing-based singer Faye Wong. The songs are a mixture of pop and rock numbers, including pop rock, techno and electro genres. It included 11 tracks in Mandarin Chinese and five in Cantonese. The latter provided Wong's most significant release of new Cantonese songs since \"Toy\" in 1997. Faye Wong worked with new partners on this album, including Singaporean singer-songwriter Tanya Chua and Taiwanese rocker Wu Bai. Tracks 1\u201310 & 16 are in Mandarin Chinese, and 11\u201315 in Cantonese. Tracks 14 and 15 are Cantonese versions of tracks 4 and 3 respectively. Reflecting the varied contributors to the album, reviewers found it a mixed bag. A retrospective review in Singapore's \"Straits Times\" mentioned that Wu Bai's techno-rock track \"Two Persons' Bible\" was \"more Wu than Wong\". The Cantonese section was considered \"more heartening\". \"Idiot\" was the theme song to Feng Xiaogang's 2001 movie \"Big Shot's Funeral\" (\u5927\u8155) with Donald Sutherland.", "Coming Home (Faye Wong album) Coming Home (stylized in lowercase) is an album recorded by Chinese Cantopop singer Faye Wong. It was released on her return to Hong Kong in 1992 after her year-long stay in New York City. Wong had issued her first three official albums under the stage name Shirley Wong. The cover for \"Coming Home\" prominently shows the name \"Faye\", and from 1994, after the release of \"Sky\" she used name \"W\u00e1ng F\u0113i\" () on album sleeves. This album included \"Fragile Woman\", a cover of a Japanese song \"Rouge\" composed by the J-pop diva Miyuki Nakajima and sung by Naomi Chiaki. While this song had been covered by other Chinese singers, Wong's version nonetheless swept over Hong Kong and single-handedly lifted her to stardom. It became the No. 1 hit on almost all local radio stations and won Song of the Year at several musical awards. (Thanks to Wong's cover, this 1972 song\u2014in different language versions\u2014would in the early 1990s become a huge regional hit in Thailand, Vietnam and the rest of Southeast Asia and even Turkey; the most popular English version was titled \"Broken-Hearted Woman\".) Wong also recorded a Mandarin version of \"Fragile Woman\", released on her 1994 compilation album \" Faye Best\" (). The album also included her first English-language song, \"Kisses in the Wind\". Wong stated in a 1994 concert that she very much liked this song, after which various websites listed it as her personal favourite. \"Coming Home\" was a notable change in musical direction from the more traditional Cantopop fare of her earlier albums. Like them, it incorporated R&B influences.", "Toy and Help Yourself Toy and Help Yourself are two 1997 Cantonese EPs recorded by Chinese Cantopop singer Faye Wong when she was based in Hong Kong. In 1996, the last year of her recording contract with Cinepoly Records, Wong recorded ten original songs in Cantonese, all with lyrics by Lin Xi but composed by others such as Wong Ka Keung, Adrian Chan, and Chan Xiao Xia. These songs were supposed to be released as an album in 1996/1997; however, Cinepoly decided to release the 10 tracks separately on 4 occasions. Cinepoly later released eight of these songs in the two EPs entitled \"Toy\" and \"Help Yourself\". The other two songs were included in later compilations. Toy (; ) was released in February 1997, during Faye Wong's parental leave where she gave birth to her first child. The EP's cover photo depicts Wong in her home in Beijing, China, having moved back there after several successful years based in Hong Kong. The five tracks on \"Toy\" would be Wong's most significant release of new Cantonese songs until her self-titled album in 2001. Help Yourself () followed in May 1997. Although this EP (like \"Toy\") contained new songs, including the hit ballad \" On Time\" (\u5b88\u6642), and was welcomed by fans, it received lukewarm critical responses, particularly for the three remixes of songs from earlier albums. The album cover was a photograph of Faye Wong taken several years previously. Cinepoly's first releases of their remaining original recordings by Faye Wong were as follows: Be Perfunctory is the last Cantonese album by Chinese singer Faye Wong.", "Eyes on Me (Faye Wong song) \"Eyes on Me\" is a pop ballad performed by Chinese singer Faye Wong as a love theme for the video game \"Final Fantasy VIII\". The music was composed by Nobuo Uematsu with English lyrics by Kako Someya. The song was released as a CD single in Japan on February 24, 1999. It was the first song in video game history to win an award at the 14th Annual Japan Gold Disc Awards, where it won \"Song of the Year (Western Music)\" in 2000. It sold over 500,000 copies, placing it as the best-selling video game music disc ever released in Japan until the release of \"Hikari\" by Utada Hikaru for \"Kingdom Hearts\". The B-side was a ballad, \"Red Beans\" (), composed by Jim Lau with Mandarin lyrics by Lin Xi. The Japanese title for it was . It had been included in Faye Wong's 1998 album \"Sing and Play\", along with a Cantonese version \"Repayment\" (), and was popular in its own right. Near the end of the production of \"Final Fantasy VII\", the developers suggested to use a singer, but abandoned the idea due to a lack of reasoning based on the game's theme and storyline. However, Nobuo Uematsu thought a ballad would closely relate to the theme and characters of \"Final Fantasy VIII\". This resulted in the game's developers sharing \"countless\" artists, eventually deciding on Faye Wong, a Chinese vocalist. Uematsu claims \"her voice and mood seem to match my image of the song exactly\", and that her ethnicity \"fits the international image of Final Fantasy\". After negotiations were made, \"Eyes on Me\" was recorded in Hong Kong with an orchestra.", "Faye Wong (1997 album) Faye Wong (\u738b\u83f2) is a self-titled album by Chinese singer Faye Wong. Her first recording with EMI, it was recorded in Beijing and released in 1997, around the time that she relocated to Beijing after several years of success in Hong Kong. All tracks are sung in Mandarin. This album is filled with feelings of lethargy, languor, drowsiness and disengagement, yet most of the songs sound warm and sweet. The album continued Wong's collaboration with the Cocteau Twins, which began with \"Random Thoughts\" in 1994 and \"Fuzao\" in 1996. They wrote the fourth track on this album, \"Amusement Park\", especially for Faye Wong. Track 8 \"Reminiscence\" (or \"Nostalgia\") is a cover of \"Rilkean Heart\" from their 1996 album \"Milk and Kisses\". Track 5, \"Mortal World\", was composed by Miyuki Nakajima. Nakajima had also written Wong's 1992 breakthrough song \"Fragile Woman\". \" Mortal World\" was also a hit single and became the closing song with which Wong would end her concerts thereafter. Nakajima re-recorded the song in Japanese as \"Streams of Hearts\" (, \"Seiry\u016b\") on her 1998 album \" Be Like My Child\". This album has several covers, including a limited edition 3D cover. The album sold better in Taiwan and mainland China than in Hong Kong, which was hit at that time by the Asian financial crisis, and where Wong's old company Cinepoly released a compilation of her old songs to compete with EMI."], "answer": {"text": "Chungking Express)", "answer_start": 764}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Mandarin Market?", "answer": {"text": "Besides two Cantonese albums in 1994, Wong released two other albums in Mandarin in Taiwan,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were those albums?", "answer": {"text": "Mystery (Mi ) and Sky (Tian Kong", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did those albums do well?", "answer": {"text": "The runaway hit \"I'm Willing\" (Wo Yuan Yi ) in Mystery became her trademark hit in the Mandarin-speaking communities for years,", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else came of that?", "answer": {"text": "Four best-selling albums in Cantonese and Mandarin, a record-breaking 18 consecutive concerts in Hong Kong, and a widely acclaimed film", "answer_start": 627, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59f8fbd570f1414fb2e297bc0248af09_0_q#5", "question": "How was her film performance?", "rewrite": "How was Faye Wong's film performance in Chungking Express?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Set during the Song dynasty, \"Ashes of Time\" concerns a desert-exiled assassin who is called upon by several different characters while nursing a broken heart. It was a difficult production and the project was not completed for two years, at a cost of HK$47 million. Upon release in September 1994, audiences were confused by the film's vague plotting and atypical take on wuxia. Film scholar Martha P. Nochimson has called it \"the most unusual martial arts film ever made\", as fast-paced action scenes are replaced with character ruminations and story becomes secondary to the use of colour, landscape, and imagery. As such \"Ashes of Time\" was a commercial failure, but critics were generally appreciative of Wong's \"refusal to be loyal to [the wuxia] genre\". The film won several local awards, and competed at the Venice Film Festival where Christopher Doyle won Best Cinematography. In 2008, Wong reworked the film and re-released it as \"Ashes of Time Redux\". During the long production of \"Ashes of Time\", Wong faced a two-month break as he waited for equipment to re-record sound for some scenes. He was in a negative state, feeling heavy pressure from his backers and worrying about another failure, and so decided to start a new project: \"I thought I should do something to make myself feel comfortable about making films again. So I made \"Chungking Express\", which I made like a student film.\" Conceived and completed within only six weeks, the new project ended up being released two months before \"Ashes of Time\". \"Chungking Express\" is split into two distinct parts \u2013 both set in contemporary Hong Kong and focusing on lonely policemen (Takeshi Kaneshiro and Tony Leung Chiu-wai) who each fall for a woman (Brigitte Lin and Faye Wong).", "Chungking Express Chungking Express is a 1994 Hong Kong comedy-drama film written and directed by Wong Kar-wai. The film consists of two stories told in sequence, each about a lovesick Hong Kong policeman mulling over his relationship with a woman. The first story stars Takeshi Kaneshiro as a cop obsessed with his breakup with a woman named May, and his encounter with a mysterious drug smuggler (Brigitte Lin). The second stars Tony Leung as a police officer roused from his gloom over the loss of his flight attendant girlfriend (Valerie Chow) by the attentions of a quirky snack bar worker (Faye Wong). \"Chungking\" in the title refers to Chungking Mansions in Tsim Sha Tsui, where Wong grew up in the 1960s. \"Express\" refers to the food stand Midnight Express, located in Lan Kwai Fong, an area in Central, Hong Kong. Taiwan-raised cop He Qiwu is dumped by his girlfriend May on 1 April. He chooses to wait until the month of May before moving on. Every day he buys a tin of pineapple with an expiration date of 1 May, because May enjoyed pineapples. Meanwhile, a woman in a blonde wig tries to survive in the drug underworld after a smuggling operation goes sour. On 1 May, Qiwu approaches the woman in the blonde wig at the Bottoms Up Club. However, she is exhausted and falls asleep in a hotel room, leaving him to watch old films and order food. He shines her shoes before he leaves her sleeping on the bed. She leaves in the morning and shoots the drug baron who set her up. Qiwu goes jogging and receives a message from her on his pager wishing him a happy birthday. He visits his usual snack food store where he collides with a new staff member, Faye.", "Wong was keen to experiment with \"two crisscrossing stories in one movie\" and worked spontaneously, filming at night what he had written that day. Peter Brunette notes that \"Chungking\" is considerably more fun and lighthearted than the director's previous efforts, but deals with the same themes. At the 1995 Hong Kong Film Awards it was named Best Picture, and Wong received Best Director. Miramax acquired the film for American distribution, which according to Brunette \"catapulted Wong to international attention\". Stephen Schneider includes it in his book \"1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die\" with the summary: \"While other films by Wong may pack more emotional resonance, \"Chungking Express\" gets off on sheer innocence, exuberance, and cinematic freedom, a striking triumph of style over substance\". Wong continued to work without break, expanding his ideas from \"Chungking Express\" into another film about alienated young adults in contemporary Hong Kong. \"Chungking\" had originally been conceived as three stories, but when time ran out Wong developed the third as a new project instead: \"Fallen Angels\". Although it contained new characters, Wong conceived both films as complementary studies of Hong Kong; he later said, \"to me \"Chungking Express\" and \"Fallen Angels\" are one film that should be three hours long.\" \"Fallen Angels\" is broadly considered a crime thriller, and contains scenes of extreme violence, but is atypical of the genre and heavily infused with Wong's fragmented, experimental style. The loose plot again involves two distinct, subtly overlapping narratives, and is dominated by frantic visuals. The film mostly occurs at night and explores the dark side of Hong Kong, which Wong planned intentionally to balance the sweetness of \"Chungking\": \"It's fair to show both sides of a coin\".", "Random Thoughts (Faye Wong album) Random Thoughts (), alternatively \"Thinking Here and There\" or \"Wondering Music\", is the translated title of a 1994 Cantonese album recorded by Chinese Cantopop singer Faye Wong when she was based in Hong Kong. It confirmed her move into alternative music and covers songs by the Cocteau Twins, whose influence she readily acknowledged. The title track \"Random Thoughts\" is a cover of the Cocteau Twins' \"Bluebeard\". Track 5, \" Know Oneself and Each Other\", covered their song \" Know Who You Are at Every Age\", which was likewise from their 1993 album \"Four-Calendar Caf\u00e9\". \"Dream Lover\" (sometimes translated \"Person in a Dream\") is a cover of The Cranberries' \"Dreams\". It was a successful hit single, and was featured in Wong Kar-wai's critically acclaimed film \"Chungking Express\" in which Faye Wong also starred. She also recorded a Mandarin version, \"Elude\", on \"Sky\". Both versions are still played frequently in Chinese media. The album cover was unusual for its time: instead of any image of the singer's face, the main cover design shows overlapping phrases such as \"no new images\" and \"no photo booklet\" in Chinese characters of varying size, all of which have some strokes missing but allowing the phrase still to be discerned. An alternative cover was all white except for the artist and album name, the latter in the same partial characters. The cover was the first to include the Mandarin name \u738b\u83f2 (Wang Fei).", "\"Chungking Express\" was later released by The Criterion Collection on DVD and Blu-ray Disc in 2008, although both versions are now out of print. Criterion has since reclaimed the rights and the film is currently available on it\u2019s streaming platform, the Criterion Channel (as of April, 2019). \"Chungking Express\" earned HK $7,678,549 during its Hong Kong run. In the United States, opening on four screens, it grossed $32,779 ($8,194 per screen) in its opening weekend. Playing at 20 theatres at its widest point, it went on to gross $600,200 total. During its release in North America, \"Chungking Express\" drew generally positive, sometimes ecstatic reviews from critics. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 87% based on 55 reviews, and an average rating of 7.88/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"Even if all it had to offer were writer-director Wong Kar-wai's thrillingly distinctive visuals, \"Chungking Express\" would be well worth watching; happily, its thoughtfully drawn characters and naturalistic performances also pack a potent dramatic wallop.\" Film critic Roger Ebert gave the film three out of four stars, but was measured in his praise: This is the kind of movie you'll relate to if you love film itself, rather than its surface aspects such as story and stars. It's not a movie for casual audiences, and it may not reveal all its secrets the first time through . . . If you are attentive to the style, if you think about what Wong is doing, \"Chungking Express\" works. If you're trying to follow the plot, you may feel frustrated ..."], "answer": {"text": "made Faye Wong the most eminent female Hong Kong singer in the mid-1990s.", "answer_start": 783}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Mandarin Market?", "answer": {"text": "Besides two Cantonese albums in 1994, Wong released two other albums in Mandarin in Taiwan,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were those albums?", "answer": {"text": "Mystery (Mi ) and Sky (Tian Kong", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did those albums do well?", "answer": {"text": "The runaway hit \"I'm Willing\" (Wo Yuan Yi ) in Mystery became her trademark hit in the Mandarin-speaking communities for years,", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else came of that?", "answer": {"text": "Four best-selling albums in Cantonese and Mandarin, a record-breaking 18 consecutive concerts in Hong Kong, and a widely acclaimed film", "answer_start": 627, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the film called?", "answer": {"text": "Chungking Express)", "answer_start": 764, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7199b663108c4ca190409c5cfcec4a3d_0_q#0", "question": "What was Marlon Brando's lifestyle like?", "rewrite": "What was Marlon Brando's lifestyle like?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Marlon Bundo Marlon Bundo, also known as Bunny of the United States (BOTUS), is a rabbit belonging to the family of Mike Pence, the 48th and current Vice President of the United States. Bundo was initially adopted for a film project by Pence's daughter Charlotte Pence during her freshman year. His name is a pun of actor Marlon Brando that was chosen after Bundo's previous owner said: \"Make me an offer\" when Pence asked about his price. He was the first rabbit to travel on Air Force Two, has a popular Instagram account, and is the subject of two children's books. The rabbit Marlon Bundo was named after actor Marlon Brando and has been with the Pence family at the United States Naval Observatory since 2017. Other pets owned by the second couple include an Australian Shepherd named Harley, and two cats named Hazel and Pickle. Marlon Bundo was acquired via Craigslist by Pence's daughter Charlotte Pence in 2013 when she was a freshman at DePaul University. At the time she needed a rabbit for a short film student project. In the film, Bundo portrayed a \"symbol of rebellion in a world of conformity\" as a rabbit who repeatedly escapes from his cage. Before this, Bundo was \"just another scrappy Chicago bunny\". Pence texted Bundo's owner to ask how much the rabbit cost, and the owner replied, \"Make me an offer.\" In Mario Puzo's novel \"The Godfather\" and the 1972 film of the same name, Marlon Brando's Don Vito Corleone says, \"I'm gonna make him an offer he can't refuse.\" Pence's friend, a Brando fan, noticed the similarity between the seller and Corleone, and suggested naming the rabbit Marlon Brando.", "Christian Brando Christian Devi Brando (May 11, 1958 \u2013 January 26, 2008) was one of the eleven children of Marlon Brando, and the only one Brando had with actress Anna Kashfi. On May 16, 1990, Christian Brando fatally shot Dag Drollet, the boyfriend of his half-sister Cheyenne, at his father's residence on Mulholland Drive in the Hollywood Hills. The family drama and trial were heavily publicized that year. He pleaded guilty to manslaughter and was sentenced to prison in 1991. He was released in 1996. In 2004, information introduced at the trial of Robert Blake for the 2001 murder of his wife, Bonnie Lee Bakley, exposed Brando's relationship with Bakley and his possible involvement in her murder. In 2005, Brando pleaded no contest to spousal abuse of his then-wife Deborah and was given probation. He died of pneumonia on January 26, 2008, aged 49. Christian Brando was named after his father's longtime friend French film director Christian Marquand who later directed Marlon in the film \"Candy (1968)\". Christian was born in Los Angeles, California on May 11, 1958, the product of an affair between Marlon Brando and Anna Kashfi, an Anglo-Indian actress from Wales. Marlon and Kashfi met in 1955, and Kashfi became pregnant in 1957. They married in 1958 and divorced one year later. Christian was shuttled between his mother and father. His parents became increasingly hostile and abusive toward one another, and engaged in a protracted custody battle. The 12-year custody battle and his mother's uncontrollable temper due to her abuse of drugs and alcohol had a major effect on young Christian. Marlon eventually won custody of Christian, who was then 13 years old.", "Tarita Teriipaia Tarita Teri'ipaia (born December 29, 1941) is a former French actress of French Polynesian and Chinese descent most famous for having been the third wife of actor Marlon Brando, whom she later divorced. For media and entertainment appearances and engagements she has usually been billed as Tarita. Born in Bora Bora, French Polynesia, she played Maimiti opposite Marlon Brando in the film \"Mutiny on the Bounty\" (1962), for which she received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actress. She became Brando's third wife in 1962. She is the mother of two of Brando's children, a son, Simon Teihotu, and a daughter, Tarita Cheyenne. They divorced in 1972. Only months after Marlon Brando's death in 2004, Tarita published her memoirs titled \"Marlon, My Love and My Torment\". One of their grandsons, Tuki Brando, is a prominent model. As of 2015, she is the only wife of Brando who is still alive, after Movita Castaneda and Anna Kashfi died on February 12 and August 16 of 2015, respectively.", "Big Bug Man Big Bug Man is an American animated television movie starring Brendan Fraser and Marlon Brando. The movie is a Studio-Free Studios Production, and it was originally to be released between 2006 and 2008, but there is now no news on its release or distribution. The movie is Marlon Brando's last known film work. The movie is written by Bob Bendetson, who also wrote episodes for the TV show \"The Simpsons\". It is directed by Bendetson and Peter Shin. Candy company worker Howard Kind (Brendan Fraser) gains special abilities after being bitten by insects. The film is hand-drawn. The production of the film cost approximately US$20 million. Brando was originally asked to be the voice of Nicholas Dunderbeck, but Brando thought it would be fun to voice the old lady Mrs. Sour instead. Mrs. Sour is only in three scenes, so it took only one day to record the voice of this character. According to the director Bob Bendetson, Brando wore a blond wig, a dress, white gloves, and full makeup while recording the voice of Mrs. Sour. Bendetson believes this was part humorous, and part wanting to get into character. Bendetson said \"About halfway through he took off the wig because he was getting too hot.\" According to the film's executive producer Gabriel Grunfeld, Brando described the part as \"the most fun I've had since playing Julius Caesar.\" Grunfeld said that even though Brando was frail, he was full of energy and invention. The recording took place in Marlon Brando's home, on June 10, 2004. Brando was on oxygen six hours a day. He died the next month, on July 1, 2004. Michael Madsen also lent his voice to the movie, in an unspecified role.", "Always Brando Always Brando is a 2011 film directed by Tunisian director Ridha Behi. Originally titled \"Brando and Brando\", it was set to star Marlon Brando and Christian Erickson until Brando's death. The film premiered at 2011 Toronto International Film Festival then Abu Dhabi Film Festival where producers Ziad Hamzeh and Ridha Behi received the Black Pearl award for best producers. A story of innocence lost, of love abandoned and of dreams shattered as a young Tunisian look alike to Marlon Brando on a quest to reach the impossible dream in making it big in Hollywood. The project was on hold due to the star's death but the script has been reworked to continue the project. Filming began in 2010 with the film due for release in 2011. Originally, the project was announced at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival as a project starring Marlon Brando and originally to be titled \"Brando and Brando\", with Brando portraying himself. Behi initially had difficulties approaching Brando and getting him to sign onto the project, with their initial meeting lasting over 5 hours. Brando eventually threw himself into the project, working with Behi on the script and making \"significant changes\" to \"a story of broken spirits\". Brando was quoted as saying of the script: \"I've found it very deeply affecting.\" Up to a week before his death, Brando was working on the script in anticipation of a July/August 2004 start date, in Tunisia and Los Angeles. Production was suspended in July 2004 following Brando's death, at which time Behi stated that would continue the film as an homage to Brando."], "answer": {"text": "Brando earned a reputation as a 'bad boy'", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7199b663108c4ca190409c5cfcec4a3d_0_q#1", "question": "How did he get this reputation?", "rewrite": "How did Marlon Brando get his bad boy reputation?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Big Bug Man Big Bug Man is an American animated television movie starring Brendan Fraser and Marlon Brando. The movie is a Studio-Free Studios Production, and it was originally to be released between 2006 and 2008, but there is now no news on its release or distribution. The movie is Marlon Brando's last known film work. The movie is written by Bob Bendetson, who also wrote episodes for the TV show \"The Simpsons\". It is directed by Bendetson and Peter Shin. Candy company worker Howard Kind (Brendan Fraser) gains special abilities after being bitten by insects. The film is hand-drawn. The production of the film cost approximately US$20 million. Brando was originally asked to be the voice of Nicholas Dunderbeck, but Brando thought it would be fun to voice the old lady Mrs. Sour instead. Mrs. Sour is only in three scenes, so it took only one day to record the voice of this character. According to the director Bob Bendetson, Brando wore a blond wig, a dress, white gloves, and full makeup while recording the voice of Mrs. Sour. Bendetson believes this was part humorous, and part wanting to get into character. Bendetson said \"About halfway through he took off the wig because he was getting too hot.\" According to the film's executive producer Gabriel Grunfeld, Brando described the part as \"the most fun I've had since playing Julius Caesar.\" Grunfeld said that even though Brando was frail, he was full of energy and invention. The recording took place in Marlon Brando's home, on June 10, 2004. Brando was on oxygen six hours a day. He died the next month, on July 1, 2004. Michael Madsen also lent his voice to the movie, in an unspecified role.", "Always Brando Always Brando is a 2011 film directed by Tunisian director Ridha Behi. Originally titled \"Brando and Brando\", it was set to star Marlon Brando and Christian Erickson until Brando's death. The film premiered at 2011 Toronto International Film Festival then Abu Dhabi Film Festival where producers Ziad Hamzeh and Ridha Behi received the Black Pearl award for best producers. A story of innocence lost, of love abandoned and of dreams shattered as a young Tunisian look alike to Marlon Brando on a quest to reach the impossible dream in making it big in Hollywood. The project was on hold due to the star's death but the script has been reworked to continue the project. Filming began in 2010 with the film due for release in 2011. Originally, the project was announced at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival as a project starring Marlon Brando and originally to be titled \"Brando and Brando\", with Brando portraying himself. Behi initially had difficulties approaching Brando and getting him to sign onto the project, with their initial meeting lasting over 5 hours. Brando eventually threw himself into the project, working with Behi on the script and making \"significant changes\" to \"a story of broken spirits\". Brando was quoted as saying of the script: \"I've found it very deeply affecting.\" Up to a week before his death, Brando was working on the script in anticipation of a July/August 2004 start date, in Tunisia and Los Angeles. Production was suspended in July 2004 following Brando's death, at which time Behi stated that would continue the film as an homage to Brando.", "Tarita Teriipaia Tarita Teri'ipaia (born December 29, 1941) is a former French actress of French Polynesian and Chinese descent most famous for having been the third wife of actor Marlon Brando, whom she later divorced. For media and entertainment appearances and engagements she has usually been billed as Tarita. Born in Bora Bora, French Polynesia, she played Maimiti opposite Marlon Brando in the film \"Mutiny on the Bounty\" (1962), for which she received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actress. She became Brando's third wife in 1962. She is the mother of two of Brando's children, a son, Simon Teihotu, and a daughter, Tarita Cheyenne. They divorced in 1972. Only months after Marlon Brando's death in 2004, Tarita published her memoirs titled \"Marlon, My Love and My Torment\". One of their grandsons, Tuki Brando, is a prominent model. As of 2015, she is the only wife of Brando who is still alive, after Movita Castaneda and Anna Kashfi died on February 12 and August 16 of 2015, respectively.", "Christian Brando Christian Devi Brando (May 11, 1958 \u2013 January 26, 2008) was one of the eleven children of Marlon Brando, and the only one Brando had with actress Anna Kashfi. On May 16, 1990, Christian Brando fatally shot Dag Drollet, the boyfriend of his half-sister Cheyenne, at his father's residence on Mulholland Drive in the Hollywood Hills. The family drama and trial were heavily publicized that year. He pleaded guilty to manslaughter and was sentenced to prison in 1991. He was released in 1996. In 2004, information introduced at the trial of Robert Blake for the 2001 murder of his wife, Bonnie Lee Bakley, exposed Brando's relationship with Bakley and his possible involvement in her murder. In 2005, Brando pleaded no contest to spousal abuse of his then-wife Deborah and was given probation. He died of pneumonia on January 26, 2008, aged 49. Christian Brando was named after his father's longtime friend French film director Christian Marquand who later directed Marlon in the film \"Candy (1968)\". Christian was born in Los Angeles, California on May 11, 1958, the product of an affair between Marlon Brando and Anna Kashfi, an Anglo-Indian actress from Wales. Marlon and Kashfi met in 1955, and Kashfi became pregnant in 1957. They married in 1958 and divorced one year later. Christian was shuttled between his mother and father. His parents became increasingly hostile and abusive toward one another, and engaged in a protracted custody battle. The 12-year custody battle and his mother's uncontrollable temper due to her abuse of drugs and alcohol had a major effect on young Christian. Marlon eventually won custody of Christian, who was then 13 years old.", "Marlon Bundo Marlon Bundo, also known as Bunny of the United States (BOTUS), is a rabbit belonging to the family of Mike Pence, the 48th and current Vice President of the United States. Bundo was initially adopted for a film project by Pence's daughter Charlotte Pence during her freshman year. His name is a pun of actor Marlon Brando that was chosen after Bundo's previous owner said: \"Make me an offer\" when Pence asked about his price. He was the first rabbit to travel on Air Force Two, has a popular Instagram account, and is the subject of two children's books. The rabbit Marlon Bundo was named after actor Marlon Brando and has been with the Pence family at the United States Naval Observatory since 2017. Other pets owned by the second couple include an Australian Shepherd named Harley, and two cats named Hazel and Pickle. Marlon Bundo was acquired via Craigslist by Pence's daughter Charlotte Pence in 2013 when she was a freshman at DePaul University. At the time she needed a rabbit for a short film student project. In the film, Bundo portrayed a \"symbol of rebellion in a world of conformity\" as a rabbit who repeatedly escapes from his cage. Before this, Bundo was \"just another scrappy Chicago bunny\". Pence texted Bundo's owner to ask how much the rabbit cost, and the owner replied, \"Make me an offer.\" In Mario Puzo's novel \"The Godfather\" and the 1972 film of the same name, Marlon Brando's Don Vito Corleone says, \"I'm gonna make him an offer he can't refuse.\" Pence's friend, a Brando fan, noticed the similarity between the seller and Corleone, and suggested naming the rabbit Marlon Brando."], "answer": {"text": "for his public outbursts and antics.", "answer_start": 42}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Marlon Brando's lifestyle like?", "answer": {"text": "Brando earned a reputation as a 'bad boy'", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7199b663108c4ca190409c5cfcec4a3d_0_q#2", "question": "What other kind of behavior did he display?", "rewrite": "Other than the public outbursts and antics, what other kind of behavior did Marlon Brando display?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Brando earned a reputation as a 'bad boy' for his public outbursts and antics. According to Los Angeles magazine, \"Brando was rock and roll before anybody knew what rock and roll was.\" His behavior during the filming of Mutiny on the Bounty (1962) seemed to bolster his reputation as a difficult star. He was blamed for a change in director and a runaway budget, though he disclaimed responsibility for either. On June 12, 1973, Brando broke paparazzo Ron Galella's jaw. Galella had followed Brando, who was accompanied by talk show host Dick Cavett, after a taping of The Dick Cavett Show in New York City. He reportedly paid a $40,000 out-of-court settlement and suffered an infected hand as a result. Galella wore a football helmet the next time he photographed Brando at a gala benefiting the American Indians Development Association. The filming of Mutiny on the Bounty affected Brando's life in a profound way, as he fell in love with Tahiti and its people. He bought a 12-island atoll, Tetiaroa, and in 1970 hired an award-winning young Los Angeles architect, Bernard Judge, to build his home and natural village there without despoiling the environment. An environmental laboratory protecting sea birds and turtles was established and student groups were welcomed there for many years. Tragically, the 1983 hurricane destroyed many of the structures including his resort. A hotel using Brando's name, The Brando Resort was officially opened to the public in 2014. Brando was an active ham radio operator, with the call signs KE6PZH and FO5GJ (the latter from his island). He was listed in the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) records as Martin Brandeaux to preserve his privacy.", "Big Bug Man Big Bug Man is an American animated television movie starring Brendan Fraser and Marlon Brando. The movie is a Studio-Free Studios Production, and it was originally to be released between 2006 and 2008, but there is now no news on its release or distribution. The movie is Marlon Brando's last known film work. The movie is written by Bob Bendetson, who also wrote episodes for the TV show \"The Simpsons\". It is directed by Bendetson and Peter Shin. Candy company worker Howard Kind (Brendan Fraser) gains special abilities after being bitten by insects. The film is hand-drawn. The production of the film cost approximately US$20 million. Brando was originally asked to be the voice of Nicholas Dunderbeck, but Brando thought it would be fun to voice the old lady Mrs. Sour instead. Mrs. Sour is only in three scenes, so it took only one day to record the voice of this character. According to the director Bob Bendetson, Brando wore a blond wig, a dress, white gloves, and full makeup while recording the voice of Mrs. Sour. Bendetson believes this was part humorous, and part wanting to get into character. Bendetson said \"About halfway through he took off the wig because he was getting too hot.\" According to the film's executive producer Gabriel Grunfeld, Brando described the part as \"the most fun I've had since playing Julius Caesar.\" Grunfeld said that even though Brando was frail, he was full of energy and invention. The recording took place in Marlon Brando's home, on June 10, 2004. Brando was on oxygen six hours a day. He died the next month, on July 1, 2004. Michael Madsen also lent his voice to the movie, in an unspecified role.", "Christian Brando Christian Devi Brando (May 11, 1958 \u2013 January 26, 2008) was one of the eleven children of Marlon Brando, and the only one Brando had with actress Anna Kashfi. On May 16, 1990, Christian Brando fatally shot Dag Drollet, the boyfriend of his half-sister Cheyenne, at his father's residence on Mulholland Drive in the Hollywood Hills. The family drama and trial were heavily publicized that year. He pleaded guilty to manslaughter and was sentenced to prison in 1991. He was released in 1996. In 2004, information introduced at the trial of Robert Blake for the 2001 murder of his wife, Bonnie Lee Bakley, exposed Brando's relationship with Bakley and his possible involvement in her murder. In 2005, Brando pleaded no contest to spousal abuse of his then-wife Deborah and was given probation. He died of pneumonia on January 26, 2008, aged 49. Christian Brando was named after his father's longtime friend French film director Christian Marquand who later directed Marlon in the film \"Candy (1968)\". Christian was born in Los Angeles, California on May 11, 1958, the product of an affair between Marlon Brando and Anna Kashfi, an Anglo-Indian actress from Wales. Marlon and Kashfi met in 1955, and Kashfi became pregnant in 1957. They married in 1958 and divorced one year later. Christian was shuttled between his mother and father. His parents became increasingly hostile and abusive toward one another, and engaged in a protracted custody battle. The 12-year custody battle and his mother's uncontrollable temper due to her abuse of drugs and alcohol had a major effect on young Christian. Marlon eventually won custody of Christian, who was then 13 years old.", "Marlon Bundo Marlon Bundo, also known as Bunny of the United States (BOTUS), is a rabbit belonging to the family of Mike Pence, the 48th and current Vice President of the United States. Bundo was initially adopted for a film project by Pence's daughter Charlotte Pence during her freshman year. His name is a pun of actor Marlon Brando that was chosen after Bundo's previous owner said: \"Make me an offer\" when Pence asked about his price. He was the first rabbit to travel on Air Force Two, has a popular Instagram account, and is the subject of two children's books. The rabbit Marlon Bundo was named after actor Marlon Brando and has been with the Pence family at the United States Naval Observatory since 2017. Other pets owned by the second couple include an Australian Shepherd named Harley, and two cats named Hazel and Pickle. Marlon Bundo was acquired via Craigslist by Pence's daughter Charlotte Pence in 2013 when she was a freshman at DePaul University. At the time she needed a rabbit for a short film student project. In the film, Bundo portrayed a \"symbol of rebellion in a world of conformity\" as a rabbit who repeatedly escapes from his cage. Before this, Bundo was \"just another scrappy Chicago bunny\". Pence texted Bundo's owner to ask how much the rabbit cost, and the owner replied, \"Make me an offer.\" In Mario Puzo's novel \"The Godfather\" and the 1972 film of the same name, Marlon Brando's Don Vito Corleone says, \"I'm gonna make him an offer he can't refuse.\" Pence's friend, a Brando fan, noticed the similarity between the seller and Corleone, and suggested naming the rabbit Marlon Brando.", "Always Brando Always Brando is a 2011 film directed by Tunisian director Ridha Behi. Originally titled \"Brando and Brando\", it was set to star Marlon Brando and Christian Erickson until Brando's death. The film premiered at 2011 Toronto International Film Festival then Abu Dhabi Film Festival where producers Ziad Hamzeh and Ridha Behi received the Black Pearl award for best producers. A story of innocence lost, of love abandoned and of dreams shattered as a young Tunisian look alike to Marlon Brando on a quest to reach the impossible dream in making it big in Hollywood. The project was on hold due to the star's death but the script has been reworked to continue the project. Filming began in 2010 with the film due for release in 2011. Originally, the project was announced at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival as a project starring Marlon Brando and originally to be titled \"Brando and Brando\", with Brando portraying himself. Behi initially had difficulties approaching Brando and getting him to sign onto the project, with their initial meeting lasting over 5 hours. Brando eventually threw himself into the project, working with Behi on the script and making \"significant changes\" to \"a story of broken spirits\". Brando was quoted as saying of the script: \"I've found it very deeply affecting.\" Up to a week before his death, Brando was working on the script in anticipation of a July/August 2004 start date, in Tunisia and Los Angeles. Production was suspended in July 2004 following Brando's death, at which time Behi stated that would continue the film as an homage to Brando."], "answer": {"text": "reputation as a difficult star.", "answer_start": 270}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Marlon Brando's lifestyle like?", "answer": {"text": "Brando earned a reputation as a 'bad boy'", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he get this reputation?", "answer": {"text": "for his public outbursts and antics.", "answer_start": 42, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7199b663108c4ca190409c5cfcec4a3d_0_q#3", "question": "Why did they say he was difficult?", "rewrite": "Why did the media say Marlon Brando was difficult?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Marlon Bundo Marlon Bundo, also known as Bunny of the United States (BOTUS), is a rabbit belonging to the family of Mike Pence, the 48th and current Vice President of the United States. Bundo was initially adopted for a film project by Pence's daughter Charlotte Pence during her freshman year. His name is a pun of actor Marlon Brando that was chosen after Bundo's previous owner said: \"Make me an offer\" when Pence asked about his price. He was the first rabbit to travel on Air Force Two, has a popular Instagram account, and is the subject of two children's books. The rabbit Marlon Bundo was named after actor Marlon Brando and has been with the Pence family at the United States Naval Observatory since 2017. Other pets owned by the second couple include an Australian Shepherd named Harley, and two cats named Hazel and Pickle. Marlon Bundo was acquired via Craigslist by Pence's daughter Charlotte Pence in 2013 when she was a freshman at DePaul University. At the time she needed a rabbit for a short film student project. In the film, Bundo portrayed a \"symbol of rebellion in a world of conformity\" as a rabbit who repeatedly escapes from his cage. Before this, Bundo was \"just another scrappy Chicago bunny\". Pence texted Bundo's owner to ask how much the rabbit cost, and the owner replied, \"Make me an offer.\" In Mario Puzo's novel \"The Godfather\" and the 1972 film of the same name, Marlon Brando's Don Vito Corleone says, \"I'm gonna make him an offer he can't refuse.\" Pence's friend, a Brando fan, noticed the similarity between the seller and Corleone, and suggested naming the rabbit Marlon Brando.", "Tarita Teriipaia Tarita Teri'ipaia (born December 29, 1941) is a former French actress of French Polynesian and Chinese descent most famous for having been the third wife of actor Marlon Brando, whom she later divorced. For media and entertainment appearances and engagements she has usually been billed as Tarita. Born in Bora Bora, French Polynesia, she played Maimiti opposite Marlon Brando in the film \"Mutiny on the Bounty\" (1962), for which she received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actress. She became Brando's third wife in 1962. She is the mother of two of Brando's children, a son, Simon Teihotu, and a daughter, Tarita Cheyenne. They divorced in 1972. Only months after Marlon Brando's death in 2004, Tarita published her memoirs titled \"Marlon, My Love and My Torment\". One of their grandsons, Tuki Brando, is a prominent model. As of 2015, she is the only wife of Brando who is still alive, after Movita Castaneda and Anna Kashfi died on February 12 and August 16 of 2015, respectively.", "Christian Brando Christian Devi Brando (May 11, 1958 \u2013 January 26, 2008) was one of the eleven children of Marlon Brando, and the only one Brando had with actress Anna Kashfi. On May 16, 1990, Christian Brando fatally shot Dag Drollet, the boyfriend of his half-sister Cheyenne, at his father's residence on Mulholland Drive in the Hollywood Hills. The family drama and trial were heavily publicized that year. He pleaded guilty to manslaughter and was sentenced to prison in 1991. He was released in 1996. In 2004, information introduced at the trial of Robert Blake for the 2001 murder of his wife, Bonnie Lee Bakley, exposed Brando's relationship with Bakley and his possible involvement in her murder. In 2005, Brando pleaded no contest to spousal abuse of his then-wife Deborah and was given probation. He died of pneumonia on January 26, 2008, aged 49. Christian Brando was named after his father's longtime friend French film director Christian Marquand who later directed Marlon in the film \"Candy (1968)\". Christian was born in Los Angeles, California on May 11, 1958, the product of an affair between Marlon Brando and Anna Kashfi, an Anglo-Indian actress from Wales. Marlon and Kashfi met in 1955, and Kashfi became pregnant in 1957. They married in 1958 and divorced one year later. Christian was shuttled between his mother and father. His parents became increasingly hostile and abusive toward one another, and engaged in a protracted custody battle. The 12-year custody battle and his mother's uncontrollable temper due to her abuse of drugs and alcohol had a major effect on young Christian. Marlon eventually won custody of Christian, who was then 13 years old.", "Always Brando Always Brando is a 2011 film directed by Tunisian director Ridha Behi. Originally titled \"Brando and Brando\", it was set to star Marlon Brando and Christian Erickson until Brando's death. The film premiered at 2011 Toronto International Film Festival then Abu Dhabi Film Festival where producers Ziad Hamzeh and Ridha Behi received the Black Pearl award for best producers. A story of innocence lost, of love abandoned and of dreams shattered as a young Tunisian look alike to Marlon Brando on a quest to reach the impossible dream in making it big in Hollywood. The project was on hold due to the star's death but the script has been reworked to continue the project. Filming began in 2010 with the film due for release in 2011. Originally, the project was announced at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival as a project starring Marlon Brando and originally to be titled \"Brando and Brando\", with Brando portraying himself. Behi initially had difficulties approaching Brando and getting him to sign onto the project, with their initial meeting lasting over 5 hours. Brando eventually threw himself into the project, working with Behi on the script and making \"significant changes\" to \"a story of broken spirits\". Brando was quoted as saying of the script: \"I've found it very deeply affecting.\" Up to a week before his death, Brando was working on the script in anticipation of a July/August 2004 start date, in Tunisia and Los Angeles. Production was suspended in July 2004 following Brando's death, at which time Behi stated that would continue the film as an homage to Brando.", "Big Bug Man Big Bug Man is an American animated television movie starring Brendan Fraser and Marlon Brando. The movie is a Studio-Free Studios Production, and it was originally to be released between 2006 and 2008, but there is now no news on its release or distribution. The movie is Marlon Brando's last known film work. The movie is written by Bob Bendetson, who also wrote episodes for the TV show \"The Simpsons\". It is directed by Bendetson and Peter Shin. Candy company worker Howard Kind (Brendan Fraser) gains special abilities after being bitten by insects. The film is hand-drawn. The production of the film cost approximately US$20 million. Brando was originally asked to be the voice of Nicholas Dunderbeck, but Brando thought it would be fun to voice the old lady Mrs. Sour instead. Mrs. Sour is only in three scenes, so it took only one day to record the voice of this character. According to the director Bob Bendetson, Brando wore a blond wig, a dress, white gloves, and full makeup while recording the voice of Mrs. Sour. Bendetson believes this was part humorous, and part wanting to get into character. Bendetson said \"About halfway through he took off the wig because he was getting too hot.\" According to the film's executive producer Gabriel Grunfeld, Brando described the part as \"the most fun I've had since playing Julius Caesar.\" Grunfeld said that even though Brando was frail, he was full of energy and invention. The recording took place in Marlon Brando's home, on June 10, 2004. Brando was on oxygen six hours a day. He died the next month, on July 1, 2004. Michael Madsen also lent his voice to the movie, in an unspecified role."], "answer": {"text": "According to Los Angeles magazine, \"Brando was rock and roll before anybody knew what rock and roll was.\"", "answer_start": 79}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Marlon Brando's lifestyle like?", "answer": {"text": "Brando earned a reputation as a 'bad boy'", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he get this reputation?", "answer": {"text": "for his public outbursts and antics.", "answer_start": 42, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other kind of behavior did he display?", "answer": {"text": "reputation as a difficult star.", "answer_start": 270, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7199b663108c4ca190409c5cfcec4a3d_0_q#4", "question": "What did others think about his lifestyle?", "rewrite": "What did others think about Marlon Brando's lifestyle?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Marlon Bundo Marlon Bundo, also known as Bunny of the United States (BOTUS), is a rabbit belonging to the family of Mike Pence, the 48th and current Vice President of the United States. Bundo was initially adopted for a film project by Pence's daughter Charlotte Pence during her freshman year. His name is a pun of actor Marlon Brando that was chosen after Bundo's previous owner said: \"Make me an offer\" when Pence asked about his price. He was the first rabbit to travel on Air Force Two, has a popular Instagram account, and is the subject of two children's books. The rabbit Marlon Bundo was named after actor Marlon Brando and has been with the Pence family at the United States Naval Observatory since 2017. Other pets owned by the second couple include an Australian Shepherd named Harley, and two cats named Hazel and Pickle. Marlon Bundo was acquired via Craigslist by Pence's daughter Charlotte Pence in 2013 when she was a freshman at DePaul University. At the time she needed a rabbit for a short film student project. In the film, Bundo portrayed a \"symbol of rebellion in a world of conformity\" as a rabbit who repeatedly escapes from his cage. Before this, Bundo was \"just another scrappy Chicago bunny\". Pence texted Bundo's owner to ask how much the rabbit cost, and the owner replied, \"Make me an offer.\" In Mario Puzo's novel \"The Godfather\" and the 1972 film of the same name, Marlon Brando's Don Vito Corleone says, \"I'm gonna make him an offer he can't refuse.\" Pence's friend, a Brando fan, noticed the similarity between the seller and Corleone, and suggested naming the rabbit Marlon Brando.", "Tarita Teriipaia Tarita Teri'ipaia (born December 29, 1941) is a former French actress of French Polynesian and Chinese descent most famous for having been the third wife of actor Marlon Brando, whom she later divorced. For media and entertainment appearances and engagements she has usually been billed as Tarita. Born in Bora Bora, French Polynesia, she played Maimiti opposite Marlon Brando in the film \"Mutiny on the Bounty\" (1962), for which she received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actress. She became Brando's third wife in 1962. She is the mother of two of Brando's children, a son, Simon Teihotu, and a daughter, Tarita Cheyenne. They divorced in 1972. Only months after Marlon Brando's death in 2004, Tarita published her memoirs titled \"Marlon, My Love and My Torment\". One of their grandsons, Tuki Brando, is a prominent model. As of 2015, she is the only wife of Brando who is still alive, after Movita Castaneda and Anna Kashfi died on February 12 and August 16 of 2015, respectively.", "Big Bug Man Big Bug Man is an American animated television movie starring Brendan Fraser and Marlon Brando. The movie is a Studio-Free Studios Production, and it was originally to be released between 2006 and 2008, but there is now no news on its release or distribution. The movie is Marlon Brando's last known film work. The movie is written by Bob Bendetson, who also wrote episodes for the TV show \"The Simpsons\". It is directed by Bendetson and Peter Shin. Candy company worker Howard Kind (Brendan Fraser) gains special abilities after being bitten by insects. The film is hand-drawn. The production of the film cost approximately US$20 million. Brando was originally asked to be the voice of Nicholas Dunderbeck, but Brando thought it would be fun to voice the old lady Mrs. Sour instead. Mrs. Sour is only in three scenes, so it took only one day to record the voice of this character. According to the director Bob Bendetson, Brando wore a blond wig, a dress, white gloves, and full makeup while recording the voice of Mrs. Sour. Bendetson believes this was part humorous, and part wanting to get into character. Bendetson said \"About halfway through he took off the wig because he was getting too hot.\" According to the film's executive producer Gabriel Grunfeld, Brando described the part as \"the most fun I've had since playing Julius Caesar.\" Grunfeld said that even though Brando was frail, he was full of energy and invention. The recording took place in Marlon Brando's home, on June 10, 2004. Brando was on oxygen six hours a day. He died the next month, on July 1, 2004. Michael Madsen also lent his voice to the movie, in an unspecified role.", "Always Brando Always Brando is a 2011 film directed by Tunisian director Ridha Behi. Originally titled \"Brando and Brando\", it was set to star Marlon Brando and Christian Erickson until Brando's death. The film premiered at 2011 Toronto International Film Festival then Abu Dhabi Film Festival where producers Ziad Hamzeh and Ridha Behi received the Black Pearl award for best producers. A story of innocence lost, of love abandoned and of dreams shattered as a young Tunisian look alike to Marlon Brando on a quest to reach the impossible dream in making it big in Hollywood. The project was on hold due to the star's death but the script has been reworked to continue the project. Filming began in 2010 with the film due for release in 2011. Originally, the project was announced at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival as a project starring Marlon Brando and originally to be titled \"Brando and Brando\", with Brando portraying himself. Behi initially had difficulties approaching Brando and getting him to sign onto the project, with their initial meeting lasting over 5 hours. Brando eventually threw himself into the project, working with Behi on the script and making \"significant changes\" to \"a story of broken spirits\". Brando was quoted as saying of the script: \"I've found it very deeply affecting.\" Up to a week before his death, Brando was working on the script in anticipation of a July/August 2004 start date, in Tunisia and Los Angeles. Production was suspended in July 2004 following Brando's death, at which time Behi stated that would continue the film as an homage to Brando.", "Christian Brando Christian Devi Brando (May 11, 1958 \u2013 January 26, 2008) was one of the eleven children of Marlon Brando, and the only one Brando had with actress Anna Kashfi. On May 16, 1990, Christian Brando fatally shot Dag Drollet, the boyfriend of his half-sister Cheyenne, at his father's residence on Mulholland Drive in the Hollywood Hills. The family drama and trial were heavily publicized that year. He pleaded guilty to manslaughter and was sentenced to prison in 1991. He was released in 1996. In 2004, information introduced at the trial of Robert Blake for the 2001 murder of his wife, Bonnie Lee Bakley, exposed Brando's relationship with Bakley and his possible involvement in her murder. In 2005, Brando pleaded no contest to spousal abuse of his then-wife Deborah and was given probation. He died of pneumonia on January 26, 2008, aged 49. Christian Brando was named after his father's longtime friend French film director Christian Marquand who later directed Marlon in the film \"Candy (1968)\". Christian was born in Los Angeles, California on May 11, 1958, the product of an affair between Marlon Brando and Anna Kashfi, an Anglo-Indian actress from Wales. Marlon and Kashfi met in 1955, and Kashfi became pregnant in 1957. They married in 1958 and divorced one year later. Christian was shuttled between his mother and father. His parents became increasingly hostile and abusive toward one another, and engaged in a protracted custody battle. The 12-year custody battle and his mother's uncontrollable temper due to her abuse of drugs and alcohol had a major effect on young Christian. Marlon eventually won custody of Christian, who was then 13 years old."], "answer": {"text": "He was blamed for a change in director and a runaway budget,", "answer_start": 302}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Marlon Brando's lifestyle like?", "answer": {"text": "Brando earned a reputation as a 'bad boy'", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he get this reputation?", "answer": {"text": "for his public outbursts and antics.", "answer_start": 42, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other kind of behavior did he display?", "answer": {"text": "reputation as a difficult star.", "answer_start": 270, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they say he was difficult?", "answer": {"text": "According to Los Angeles magazine, \"Brando was rock and roll before anybody knew what rock and roll was.\"", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7199b663108c4ca190409c5cfcec4a3d_0_q#5", "question": "What other trouble did he have?", "rewrite": "Besides the change in director and runaway budget what other trouble did Marlon Brando have?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Big Bug Man Big Bug Man is an American animated television movie starring Brendan Fraser and Marlon Brando. The movie is a Studio-Free Studios Production, and it was originally to be released between 2006 and 2008, but there is now no news on its release or distribution. The movie is Marlon Brando's last known film work. The movie is written by Bob Bendetson, who also wrote episodes for the TV show \"The Simpsons\". It is directed by Bendetson and Peter Shin. Candy company worker Howard Kind (Brendan Fraser) gains special abilities after being bitten by insects. The film is hand-drawn. The production of the film cost approximately US$20 million. Brando was originally asked to be the voice of Nicholas Dunderbeck, but Brando thought it would be fun to voice the old lady Mrs. Sour instead. Mrs. Sour is only in three scenes, so it took only one day to record the voice of this character. According to the director Bob Bendetson, Brando wore a blond wig, a dress, white gloves, and full makeup while recording the voice of Mrs. Sour. Bendetson believes this was part humorous, and part wanting to get into character. Bendetson said \"About halfway through he took off the wig because he was getting too hot.\" According to the film's executive producer Gabriel Grunfeld, Brando described the part as \"the most fun I've had since playing Julius Caesar.\" Grunfeld said that even though Brando was frail, he was full of energy and invention. The recording took place in Marlon Brando's home, on June 10, 2004. Brando was on oxygen six hours a day. He died the next month, on July 1, 2004. Michael Madsen also lent his voice to the movie, in an unspecified role.", "Always Brando Always Brando is a 2011 film directed by Tunisian director Ridha Behi. Originally titled \"Brando and Brando\", it was set to star Marlon Brando and Christian Erickson until Brando's death. The film premiered at 2011 Toronto International Film Festival then Abu Dhabi Film Festival where producers Ziad Hamzeh and Ridha Behi received the Black Pearl award for best producers. A story of innocence lost, of love abandoned and of dreams shattered as a young Tunisian look alike to Marlon Brando on a quest to reach the impossible dream in making it big in Hollywood. The project was on hold due to the star's death but the script has been reworked to continue the project. Filming began in 2010 with the film due for release in 2011. Originally, the project was announced at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival as a project starring Marlon Brando and originally to be titled \"Brando and Brando\", with Brando portraying himself. Behi initially had difficulties approaching Brando and getting him to sign onto the project, with their initial meeting lasting over 5 hours. Brando eventually threw himself into the project, working with Behi on the script and making \"significant changes\" to \"a story of broken spirits\". Brando was quoted as saying of the script: \"I've found it very deeply affecting.\" Up to a week before his death, Brando was working on the script in anticipation of a July/August 2004 start date, in Tunisia and Los Angeles. Production was suspended in July 2004 following Brando's death, at which time Behi stated that would continue the film as an homage to Brando.", "Marlon Bundo Marlon Bundo, also known as Bunny of the United States (BOTUS), is a rabbit belonging to the family of Mike Pence, the 48th and current Vice President of the United States. Bundo was initially adopted for a film project by Pence's daughter Charlotte Pence during her freshman year. His name is a pun of actor Marlon Brando that was chosen after Bundo's previous owner said: \"Make me an offer\" when Pence asked about his price. He was the first rabbit to travel on Air Force Two, has a popular Instagram account, and is the subject of two children's books. The rabbit Marlon Bundo was named after actor Marlon Brando and has been with the Pence family at the United States Naval Observatory since 2017. Other pets owned by the second couple include an Australian Shepherd named Harley, and two cats named Hazel and Pickle. Marlon Bundo was acquired via Craigslist by Pence's daughter Charlotte Pence in 2013 when she was a freshman at DePaul University. At the time she needed a rabbit for a short film student project. In the film, Bundo portrayed a \"symbol of rebellion in a world of conformity\" as a rabbit who repeatedly escapes from his cage. Before this, Bundo was \"just another scrappy Chicago bunny\". Pence texted Bundo's owner to ask how much the rabbit cost, and the owner replied, \"Make me an offer.\" In Mario Puzo's novel \"The Godfather\" and the 1972 film of the same name, Marlon Brando's Don Vito Corleone says, \"I'm gonna make him an offer he can't refuse.\" Pence's friend, a Brando fan, noticed the similarity between the seller and Corleone, and suggested naming the rabbit Marlon Brando.", "Tarita Teriipaia Tarita Teri'ipaia (born December 29, 1941) is a former French actress of French Polynesian and Chinese descent most famous for having been the third wife of actor Marlon Brando, whom she later divorced. For media and entertainment appearances and engagements she has usually been billed as Tarita. Born in Bora Bora, French Polynesia, she played Maimiti opposite Marlon Brando in the film \"Mutiny on the Bounty\" (1962), for which she received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actress. She became Brando's third wife in 1962. She is the mother of two of Brando's children, a son, Simon Teihotu, and a daughter, Tarita Cheyenne. They divorced in 1972. Only months after Marlon Brando's death in 2004, Tarita published her memoirs titled \"Marlon, My Love and My Torment\". One of their grandsons, Tuki Brando, is a prominent model. As of 2015, she is the only wife of Brando who is still alive, after Movita Castaneda and Anna Kashfi died on February 12 and August 16 of 2015, respectively.", "Christian Brando Christian Devi Brando (May 11, 1958 \u2013 January 26, 2008) was one of the eleven children of Marlon Brando, and the only one Brando had with actress Anna Kashfi. On May 16, 1990, Christian Brando fatally shot Dag Drollet, the boyfriend of his half-sister Cheyenne, at his father's residence on Mulholland Drive in the Hollywood Hills. The family drama and trial were heavily publicized that year. He pleaded guilty to manslaughter and was sentenced to prison in 1991. He was released in 1996. In 2004, information introduced at the trial of Robert Blake for the 2001 murder of his wife, Bonnie Lee Bakley, exposed Brando's relationship with Bakley and his possible involvement in her murder. In 2005, Brando pleaded no contest to spousal abuse of his then-wife Deborah and was given probation. He died of pneumonia on January 26, 2008, aged 49. Christian Brando was named after his father's longtime friend French film director Christian Marquand who later directed Marlon in the film \"Candy (1968)\". Christian was born in Los Angeles, California on May 11, 1958, the product of an affair between Marlon Brando and Anna Kashfi, an Anglo-Indian actress from Wales. Marlon and Kashfi met in 1955, and Kashfi became pregnant in 1957. They married in 1958 and divorced one year later. Christian was shuttled between his mother and father. His parents became increasingly hostile and abusive toward one another, and engaged in a protracted custody battle. The 12-year custody battle and his mother's uncontrollable temper due to her abuse of drugs and alcohol had a major effect on young Christian. Marlon eventually won custody of Christian, who was then 13 years old."], "answer": {"text": "the 1983 hurricane destroyed many of the structures including his resort.", "answer_start": 1306}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Marlon Brando's lifestyle like?", "answer": {"text": "Brando earned a reputation as a 'bad boy'", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he get this reputation?", "answer": {"text": "for his public outbursts and antics.", "answer_start": 42, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other kind of behavior did he display?", "answer": {"text": "reputation as a difficult star.", "answer_start": 270, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they say he was difficult?", "answer": {"text": "According to Los Angeles magazine, \"Brando was rock and roll before anybody knew what rock and roll was.\"", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did others think about his lifestyle?", "answer": {"text": "He was blamed for a change in director and a runaway budget,", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7199b663108c4ca190409c5cfcec4a3d_0_q#6", "question": "What did he do after that happened?", "rewrite": "What did Marlon Brando do after the hurricane in 1983 destroyed his resort?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Christian Brando Christian Devi Brando (May 11, 1958 \u2013 January 26, 2008) was one of the eleven children of Marlon Brando, and the only one Brando had with actress Anna Kashfi. On May 16, 1990, Christian Brando fatally shot Dag Drollet, the boyfriend of his half-sister Cheyenne, at his father's residence on Mulholland Drive in the Hollywood Hills. The family drama and trial were heavily publicized that year. He pleaded guilty to manslaughter and was sentenced to prison in 1991. He was released in 1996. In 2004, information introduced at the trial of Robert Blake for the 2001 murder of his wife, Bonnie Lee Bakley, exposed Brando's relationship with Bakley and his possible involvement in her murder. In 2005, Brando pleaded no contest to spousal abuse of his then-wife Deborah and was given probation. He died of pneumonia on January 26, 2008, aged 49. Christian Brando was named after his father's longtime friend French film director Christian Marquand who later directed Marlon in the film \"Candy (1968)\". Christian was born in Los Angeles, California on May 11, 1958, the product of an affair between Marlon Brando and Anna Kashfi, an Anglo-Indian actress from Wales. Marlon and Kashfi met in 1955, and Kashfi became pregnant in 1957. They married in 1958 and divorced one year later. Christian was shuttled between his mother and father. His parents became increasingly hostile and abusive toward one another, and engaged in a protracted custody battle. The 12-year custody battle and his mother's uncontrollable temper due to her abuse of drugs and alcohol had a major effect on young Christian. Marlon eventually won custody of Christian, who was then 13 years old.", "The Brando Resort The Brando Resort is a private resort located on the atoll of Tetiaroa of the Society Islands in French Polynesia. The Brando serves as a regulated airstrip, research facility, eco-resort and spa on the islet (\"motu\") of Onetahi. The resort consists of 80 staff and facilities management personnel. The atoll's inside, on which The Brando is located, is on a 99-year lease contracted by Marlon Brando. Transport to The Brando is made by air: Air Tetiaroa flies between Tahiti and Tetiaroa. The airline's departure is located in a private terminal at the Faa'a International Airport on the island of Tahiti. Air Tatiaroa rates to The Brando Resort on Tetiaroa fluctuate with the regular, high and festive seasons. Construction of The Brando Resort began in 2009 by Teti'aroa Pacific Beachcomber SC. The first phase of the building included repairing the airstrip runway for smoother plane landing and lengthening the tarmac to meet current aviation standards. Additionally, a reef dock was constructed to enable shipments from the ocean to the lagoon side of the reef. In February 2014, it was announced that construction on The Brando Resort complete. The Brando opened on 1 July 2014. Eight of Marlon Brando's were involved in the project along with the Brando Estate. The buildings are made using materials that are of local or certified origin, renewable or recycled. There is a deep seawater air-conditioning system to reduce energy demands. Renewable energy sources such as solar power and coconut oil biofuel are used. The zinc\u2013bromine flow batteries used for storing the power from the solar panels, are made from recyclable materials. The resort's vehicles are electric or human-powered.", "Marlon Bundo Marlon Bundo, also known as Bunny of the United States (BOTUS), is a rabbit belonging to the family of Mike Pence, the 48th and current Vice President of the United States. Bundo was initially adopted for a film project by Pence's daughter Charlotte Pence during her freshman year. His name is a pun of actor Marlon Brando that was chosen after Bundo's previous owner said: \"Make me an offer\" when Pence asked about his price. He was the first rabbit to travel on Air Force Two, has a popular Instagram account, and is the subject of two children's books. The rabbit Marlon Bundo was named after actor Marlon Brando and has been with the Pence family at the United States Naval Observatory since 2017. Other pets owned by the second couple include an Australian Shepherd named Harley, and two cats named Hazel and Pickle. Marlon Bundo was acquired via Craigslist by Pence's daughter Charlotte Pence in 2013 when she was a freshman at DePaul University. At the time she needed a rabbit for a short film student project. In the film, Bundo portrayed a \"symbol of rebellion in a world of conformity\" as a rabbit who repeatedly escapes from his cage. Before this, Bundo was \"just another scrappy Chicago bunny\". Pence texted Bundo's owner to ask how much the rabbit cost, and the owner replied, \"Make me an offer.\" In Mario Puzo's novel \"The Godfather\" and the 1972 film of the same name, Marlon Brando's Don Vito Corleone says, \"I'm gonna make him an offer he can't refuse.\" Pence's friend, a Brando fan, noticed the similarity between the seller and Corleone, and suggested naming the rabbit Marlon Brando.", "Big Bug Man Big Bug Man is an American animated television movie starring Brendan Fraser and Marlon Brando. The movie is a Studio-Free Studios Production, and it was originally to be released between 2006 and 2008, but there is now no news on its release or distribution. The movie is Marlon Brando's last known film work. The movie is written by Bob Bendetson, who also wrote episodes for the TV show \"The Simpsons\". It is directed by Bendetson and Peter Shin. Candy company worker Howard Kind (Brendan Fraser) gains special abilities after being bitten by insects. The film is hand-drawn. The production of the film cost approximately US$20 million. Brando was originally asked to be the voice of Nicholas Dunderbeck, but Brando thought it would be fun to voice the old lady Mrs. Sour instead. Mrs. Sour is only in three scenes, so it took only one day to record the voice of this character. According to the director Bob Bendetson, Brando wore a blond wig, a dress, white gloves, and full makeup while recording the voice of Mrs. Sour. Bendetson believes this was part humorous, and part wanting to get into character. Bendetson said \"About halfway through he took off the wig because he was getting too hot.\" According to the film's executive producer Gabriel Grunfeld, Brando described the part as \"the most fun I've had since playing Julius Caesar.\" Grunfeld said that even though Brando was frail, he was full of energy and invention. The recording took place in Marlon Brando's home, on June 10, 2004. Brando was on oxygen six hours a day. He died the next month, on July 1, 2004. Michael Madsen also lent his voice to the movie, in an unspecified role.", "Always Brando Always Brando is a 2011 film directed by Tunisian director Ridha Behi. Originally titled \"Brando and Brando\", it was set to star Marlon Brando and Christian Erickson until Brando's death. The film premiered at 2011 Toronto International Film Festival then Abu Dhabi Film Festival where producers Ziad Hamzeh and Ridha Behi received the Black Pearl award for best producers. A story of innocence lost, of love abandoned and of dreams shattered as a young Tunisian look alike to Marlon Brando on a quest to reach the impossible dream in making it big in Hollywood. The project was on hold due to the star's death but the script has been reworked to continue the project. Filming began in 2010 with the film due for release in 2011. Originally, the project was announced at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival as a project starring Marlon Brando and originally to be titled \"Brando and Brando\", with Brando portraying himself. Behi initially had difficulties approaching Brando and getting him to sign onto the project, with their initial meeting lasting over 5 hours. Brando eventually threw himself into the project, working with Behi on the script and making \"significant changes\" to \"a story of broken spirits\". Brando was quoted as saying of the script: \"I've found it very deeply affecting.\" Up to a week before his death, Brando was working on the script in anticipation of a July/August 2004 start date, in Tunisia and Los Angeles. Production was suspended in July 2004 following Brando's death, at which time Behi stated that would continue the film as an homage to Brando."], "answer": {"text": "hotel using Brando's name, The Brando Resort was officially opened to the public in 2014.", "answer_start": 1382}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Marlon Brando's lifestyle like?", "answer": {"text": "Brando earned a reputation as a 'bad boy'", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he get this reputation?", "answer": {"text": "for his public outbursts and antics.", "answer_start": 42, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other kind of behavior did he display?", "answer": {"text": "reputation as a difficult star.", "answer_start": 270, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they say he was difficult?", "answer": {"text": "According to Los Angeles magazine, \"Brando was rock and roll before anybody knew what rock and roll was.\"", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did others think about his lifestyle?", "answer": {"text": "He was blamed for a change in director and a runaway budget,", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other trouble did he have?", "answer": {"text": "the 1983 hurricane destroyed many of the structures including his resort.", "answer_start": 1306, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a5ec9a2060834f36a67f68862a749bca_1_q#0", "question": "What did Milligan write during the second world war?", "rewrite": "What did Milligan write during the second world war?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["However, as Judge Davis described the status of the federal courts in Indiana at the time, \"It needed no bayonets to protect it, and required no military aid to execute its judgments.\" \"Ex parte Milligan\" became well known as the leading U.S. Supreme Court case that found the president went beyond his legal powers to suppress dissenters during the American Civil War. The decision also helped establish the tradition that presidential and military action \"based on war\" had limits. After Milligan's release from prison, he returned to his home and law practice in Huntington, Indiana. In 1868 he filed a civil lawsuit in Huntington County, Indiana, seeking damages related to the \"Ex parte Milligan\" case. Milligan's civil case was referred to the U.S. Circuit Court for Indiana at Indianapolis. \" Milligan v. Hovey\", a two-week jury trial held in May 1871, named as defendants several men involved in Milligan's treason trial, including Alvin P. Hovey and Oliver P. Morton. Milligan hired Thomas A. Hendricks as his legal council. The defendants hired Benjamin Harrison. Milligan's civil suit was \"the first major civil rights jury trial held before the federal courts. \" At issue was what damages, if any, Milligan had sustained relating to \"Ex parte Milligan\". Harrison portrayed Milligan as a traitor, while Hendricks focused on Milligan's \"malicious prosecution and false imprisonment.\" Milligan refused to admit his affiliation or actions with a seditious organization during the civil trial. The jury issued its verdict in Milligan's favor on May 30, 1871. Although Milligan sought thousands of dollars in damages, state and federal statutes limited the claim to five dollars plus court costs.", "Spencer Milligan Spencer Milligan (born September 10, 1937) is an American actor best known for playing Rick Marshall, the father of Will and Holly Marshall, on the first two seasons of the 1970s children science fiction TV series, \"Land of the Lost\". The fictional Marshalls were an American family who found themselves transported to a mysterious realm overrun with dinosaurs and other exotic, fearsome creatures. The show was the creation of Sid and Marty Krofft and has since become a cult classic. It is now available on DVD. Milligan left the show after the second season. It was widely believed by fans that he left because of a \"salary dispute. \" In fact, Milligan wanted his share of merchandising royalties that the show generated. In a 2009 interview with the Associated Press, Milligan elaborated: On the show, Milligan's character Rick Marshall was replaced by his brother, Jack Marshall, played by actor Ron Harper. Milligan did not return for a brief scene, shot in the credits of the third season, showing Rick Marshall being transported out of the \"Land of the Lost\". One of the show's crew played the role instead, wearing a wig resembling Milligan's hair and standing with his back to the camera. Although Spencer Milligan made various guest-starring roles on TV in the 1970s, his career cooled in the 1980s. During the 1980s Milligan lived in Malibu. He settled in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex area in the 1990s, where he taught acting at Adam Roarke's Film Actors Lab (where Lou Diamond Phillips studied). One of Milligan's students was actor Benton Jennings. Milligan eventually moved back to his family's home in Wisconsin. His last known acting performance was in 1987, when he appeared on \"General Hospital\". In addition to teaching acting, Milligan has directed local plays.", "He received one that showed Milligan remembered him with respect and affection. Edgington and Milligan write \"reams\" of scenes that Milligan reckons were the beginnings of \"The Goon Show\". He quotes the following from Edgington's writings: Some Goon Show scripts feature the names of places where the regiment was encamped. Bexhill, Pevensey Bay, and \"Robin's Post\" (a private house used by the regiment) each have a script named for them. During one training deployment, Milligan and others were caught hiding their rifles in a loft, resulting in two weeks detention. Milligan was sent alone to Preston Barracks, in Brighton, to serve his sentence. While there he was given the usual punitive tasks such as shovelling coke into a single pile in pouring rain, but his guards also appreciated his artistic ability, and he was asked to draw Vargas girls for them to hang on the wall. Ironically, his release coincided with another regimental re-location, and he found himself back in Bexhill, where he started. Amid the army stories, he mentions a topic he returns to, the (actual) exceptional ability of their artillery battery. By August 1942 they had learned to drive and how to fire machine guns. In December 1942, Milligan drinks a toast with his family that will prove to be the last for ten years. On 8 January, they head to sea. Their band has been warned by an officer, that if they smuggle their instruments on board, the instruments will be thrown overboard. Later in voyage, after a miserable passage, the officer asks if the instruments are actually on board (which they are) and will the band please play to entertain the men. Algeria comes into view.", "Milligan's legal council was Thomas A. Hendricks, a former state legislator, member of Congress, and future governor of Indiana. Benjamin Harrison, and Indianapolis lawyer and future U.S. president, represented the defendants. The jury was asked to consider what damages, if any, Milligan had sustained relating to \"Ex parte Milligan\". Harrison portrayed Milligan as a traitor and argued that his actions prolonged the war. Milligan refused to admit his affiliation or actions with a seditious organization. Hendricks focused on Milligan's \"malicious prosecution and false imprisonment. \" The jury's verdict in Milligan's favor was issued on May 30, 1871. Although Milligan sought thousands of dollars in damages, state and federal statutes limited the claim to five dollars plus court costs. In 1880 Milligan became a member of the Republican Party, and in his later years supported Garfield's campaign for president. Milligan retired from his law practice in 1893. Milligan died of natural causes at his son's home in Huntington County, Indiana, on December 21, 1899, thirty-three years after the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in the case that bore his name. \"Ex parte Milligan\" became well known as the leading U.S. Supreme Court case that found the president went beyond his legal powers to suppress dissenters during the American Civil War. The decision also helped to establish the tradition that presidential and military action \"based on war\" had limits.", "that, ah, for most people, schizophrenia is a break down, every now and again it's a breakthrough. The idea that madness can be a breakthrough.\" Milligan also thought the character was \"nebulous enough for me to really put my stamp on.\" Though a self-proclaimed fan of Ditko's work, Milligan sought to distance his Shade from the character in the original series. Milligan retained elements he believed were necessary to the character (his \"wacky\" backstory and powers emphasizing madness) but took some of the character's qualities in a different direction. This allowed Milligan enough creative freedom to put his mark on Shade. Milligan views his Shade as a homage to Ditko's work rather than a direct continuation. As \"Shade, the Changing Man\" progressed, Milligan felt as if its narrative was becoming dry. He praised assistant editor Shelly Roeburg for telling him how innovative she thought it was. Milligan described the series as a whole as \"a weird road movie with a girl and an alien\". One of Milligan's desires for \"Shade, the Changing Man\" was to offer a critique of the United States, particularly at a personal level. Milligan felt as if England had become \"culturally dwarfed\" by the US, and thought that the series offered him the opportunity to portray how he viewed the United States and its culture. Milligan said he typically came up with stories between one and two months before writing them. He preferred to \"know where the story's going\", but also liked \"to be surprised by the characters. \" Milligan would typically notify his editors of what he planned for the series some time before publication, for advertising. One common request among fans was for Milligan to write a crossover with Shade meeting other DC characters, such as the Doom Patrol or the Sandman."], "answer": {"text": "During the Second World War, Milligan served as a signaller in the 56th Heavy Regiment Royal Artillery, D Battery (later 19 Battery), as Gunner Milligan, 954024.", "answer_start": 963}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a5ec9a2060834f36a67f68862a749bca_1_q#2", "question": "did he write while there?", "rewrite": "did Milligan write while there?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["that, ah, for most people, schizophrenia is a break down, every now and again it's a breakthrough. The idea that madness can be a breakthrough.\" Milligan also thought the character was \"nebulous enough for me to really put my stamp on.\" Though a self-proclaimed fan of Ditko's work, Milligan sought to distance his Shade from the character in the original series. Milligan retained elements he believed were necessary to the character (his \"wacky\" backstory and powers emphasizing madness) but took some of the character's qualities in a different direction. This allowed Milligan enough creative freedom to put his mark on Shade. Milligan views his Shade as a homage to Ditko's work rather than a direct continuation. As \"Shade, the Changing Man\" progressed, Milligan felt as if its narrative was becoming dry. He praised assistant editor Shelly Roeburg for telling him how innovative she thought it was. Milligan described the series as a whole as \"a weird road movie with a girl and an alien\". One of Milligan's desires for \"Shade, the Changing Man\" was to offer a critique of the United States, particularly at a personal level. Milligan felt as if England had become \"culturally dwarfed\" by the US, and thought that the series offered him the opportunity to portray how he viewed the United States and its culture. Milligan said he typically came up with stories between one and two months before writing them. He preferred to \"know where the story's going\", but also liked \"to be surprised by the characters. \" Milligan would typically notify his editors of what he planned for the series some time before publication, for advertising. One common request among fans was for Milligan to write a crossover with Shade meeting other DC characters, such as the Doom Patrol or the Sandman.", "Some have speculated that he had exactly the same mental health problems as his mother did (whom he always talked about in a negative light); either bipolar disorder or some type of schizophrenia or possibly Schizoaffective disorder which remained undiagnosed and untreated throughout his life. A non-smoker and non-drinker, Milligan was said to react badly and violently if those around him smoked cigarettes, drank alcoholic beverages or used any type of recreational drug. Milligan also never had a driver's license and relied on public transportation wherever he lived. Milligan enjoyed S&M and had very few long-term relationships (all of which were with men). One of his close friends was a Vietnam veteran and ex-convict named Dennis Malvasi (1950- ), who acted in Milligan's Troupe Theater in the late 1970s-early 1980s and also worked for Milligan as a crewperson, transportation driver, and even acted in one of Milligan's horror films, \"Carnage\" in 1983. Malvasi was a former U.S. Marine and demolitions expert who was suspected for numerous abortion clinic bombings in New York state during the 1980s. After the Troupe Theater closed in 1985, Malvasi was the person who drove Milligan on a cross-country, four-day road trip during Milligan's move to Los Angeles. Later in 1987, Malvasi was arrested, convicted, and served five years in a federal prison for the attempted bombing of another abortion clinic in New York City. Another one of Milligan's few close friends was character actor John Miranda (1926-2015), who starred as Sweeny Todd in Milligan's 1970 film Bloodthirsty Butchers. Miranda later financially supported Milligan after his move to Los Angeles and assisted with any medical expenses during Milligan's final years.", "However, as Judge Davis described the status of the federal courts in Indiana at the time, \"It needed no bayonets to protect it, and required no military aid to execute its judgments.\" \"Ex parte Milligan\" became well known as the leading U.S. Supreme Court case that found the president went beyond his legal powers to suppress dissenters during the American Civil War. The decision also helped establish the tradition that presidential and military action \"based on war\" had limits. After Milligan's release from prison, he returned to his home and law practice in Huntington, Indiana. In 1868 he filed a civil lawsuit in Huntington County, Indiana, seeking damages related to the \"Ex parte Milligan\" case. Milligan's civil case was referred to the U.S. Circuit Court for Indiana at Indianapolis. \" Milligan v. Hovey\", a two-week jury trial held in May 1871, named as defendants several men involved in Milligan's treason trial, including Alvin P. Hovey and Oliver P. Morton. Milligan hired Thomas A. Hendricks as his legal council. The defendants hired Benjamin Harrison. Milligan's civil suit was \"the first major civil rights jury trial held before the federal courts. \" At issue was what damages, if any, Milligan had sustained relating to \"Ex parte Milligan\". Harrison portrayed Milligan as a traitor, while Hendricks focused on Milligan's \"malicious prosecution and false imprisonment.\" Milligan refused to admit his affiliation or actions with a seditious organization during the civil trial. The jury issued its verdict in Milligan's favor on May 30, 1871. Although Milligan sought thousands of dollars in damages, state and federal statutes limited the claim to five dollars plus court costs.", "Spencer Milligan Spencer Milligan (born September 10, 1937) is an American actor best known for playing Rick Marshall, the father of Will and Holly Marshall, on the first two seasons of the 1970s children science fiction TV series, \"Land of the Lost\". The fictional Marshalls were an American family who found themselves transported to a mysterious realm overrun with dinosaurs and other exotic, fearsome creatures. The show was the creation of Sid and Marty Krofft and has since become a cult classic. It is now available on DVD. Milligan left the show after the second season. It was widely believed by fans that he left because of a \"salary dispute. \" In fact, Milligan wanted his share of merchandising royalties that the show generated. In a 2009 interview with the Associated Press, Milligan elaborated: On the show, Milligan's character Rick Marshall was replaced by his brother, Jack Marshall, played by actor Ron Harper. Milligan did not return for a brief scene, shot in the credits of the third season, showing Rick Marshall being transported out of the \"Land of the Lost\". One of the show's crew played the role instead, wearing a wig resembling Milligan's hair and standing with his back to the camera. Although Spencer Milligan made various guest-starring roles on TV in the 1970s, his career cooled in the 1980s. During the 1980s Milligan lived in Malibu. He settled in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex area in the 1990s, where he taught acting at Adam Roarke's Film Actors Lab (where Lou Diamond Phillips studied). One of Milligan's students was actor Benton Jennings. Milligan eventually moved back to his family's home in Wisconsin. His last known acting performance was in 1987, when he appeared on \"General Hospital\". In addition to teaching acting, Milligan has directed local plays.", "He received one that showed Milligan remembered him with respect and affection. Edgington and Milligan write \"reams\" of scenes that Milligan reckons were the beginnings of \"The Goon Show\". He quotes the following from Edgington's writings: Some Goon Show scripts feature the names of places where the regiment was encamped. Bexhill, Pevensey Bay, and \"Robin's Post\" (a private house used by the regiment) each have a script named for them. During one training deployment, Milligan and others were caught hiding their rifles in a loft, resulting in two weeks detention. Milligan was sent alone to Preston Barracks, in Brighton, to serve his sentence. While there he was given the usual punitive tasks such as shovelling coke into a single pile in pouring rain, but his guards also appreciated his artistic ability, and he was asked to draw Vargas girls for them to hang on the wall. Ironically, his release coincided with another regimental re-location, and he found himself back in Bexhill, where he started. Amid the army stories, he mentions a topic he returns to, the (actual) exceptional ability of their artillery battery. By August 1942 they had learned to drive and how to fire machine guns. In December 1942, Milligan drinks a toast with his family that will prove to be the last for ten years. On 8 January, they head to sea. Their band has been warned by an officer, that if they smuggle their instruments on board, the instruments will be thrown overboard. Later in voyage, after a miserable passage, the officer asks if the instruments are actually on board (which they are) and will the band please play to entertain the men. Algeria comes into view."], "answer": {"text": "After his call-up, but before being sent abroad, he and fellow musician Harry Edgington (1919-1993) (whose nickname 'Edge-ying-Tong', inspired one of Milligan's most memorable musical creations, the \"Ying Tong Song\")", "answer_start": 299}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Milligan write during the second world war?", "answer": {"text": "During the Second World War, Milligan served as a signaller in the 56th Heavy Regiment Royal Artillery, D Battery (later 19 Battery), as Gunner Milligan, 954024.", "answer_start": 963, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was he there?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a5ec9a2060834f36a67f68862a749bca_1_q#3", "question": "What was it about?", "rewrite": "What was Ying Tong Song about?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["During most of the late 1930s and early 1940s, Milligan performed as an amateur jazz vocalist and trumpeter before, during and after being called up for military service in the fight against Nazi Germany, but even then he wrote and performed comedy sketches as part of concerts to entertain troops. After his call-up, but before being sent abroad, he and fellow musician Harry Edgington (1919-1993) (whose nickname 'Edge-ying-Tong', inspired one of Milligan's most memorable musical creations, the \"Ying Tong Song\") would compose surreal stories, filled with puns and skewed logic, as a way of staving off the boredom of life in barracks. One biographer describes his early dance band work as follows: \"He managed to croon like Bing Crosby and win a competition: he also played drums, guitar and trumpet, in which he was entirely self taught\"; he also acquired a double bass, on which he took lessons and would strum in jazz sessions. Milligan had perfect pitch. During the Second World War, Milligan served as a signaller in the 56th Heavy Regiment Royal Artillery, D Battery (later 19 Battery), as Gunner Milligan, 954024. The unit was equipped with the obsolete First World War era BL 9.2-inch howitzer and based in Bexhill on the south coast of England. Milligan describes training with these guns in part two of Adolf Hitler: My Part in His Downfall, claiming that, during training, gun crews resorted to shouting \"bang\" in unison as they had no shells with which to practise. The unit was later re-equipped with the BL 7.2-inch howitzer and saw action as part of the First Army in the North African campaign and then in the succeeding Italian campaign.", "(the original A-side was \"Bloodnok's Rock 'n' Roll Call\") on Decca Records 45-F 10780, performed by The Goons featuring Major Dennis Bloodnok, Roland Rockcake and His Wholly Rollers, with \"The Ying Tong Song\" on the B-side performed by The Goons with Maurice Ponke and His Orchestre Fromage. \" The Ying Tong Song\" reached a position of No. 9 in the UK when re-issued in 1973. The guitar was played by the session musician Ivor Mairants. It was used as the title of the Roy Smiles play about Spike Milligan and The Goon Show: \"Ying Tong - A Walk With The Goons\" which was staged in the West End in 2005 and a radio play on BBC Radio 4 in 2009. In the fourth volume of his war memoirs (\"Mussolini, His Part In My Downfall\"), Milligan mentions that his friend and fellow soldier Edgington was often referred to as Edge-Ying-Tong. In the satirical TV sketch show \"Spitting Image\", in which news figures and celebrities were lampooned in the form of grossly-caricatured rubber puppets, it was not uncommon for Prince Charles to be seen leaving a room quietly singing the \"Ying Tong Song\" to himself. This was a reference to the fact that Prince Charles is a fan of the Goon Show. The song was the first track of the 1979 comedy album, \"Primeval Slime\" by actor Ying Tong John. The song gave its name to the 2008 stage show, \"Ying Tong: A Walk With the Goons\". The Muppets also did a version of the \"Ying Tong Song\" in season 5, episode 20 of The Muppet Show. Jon Anderson, former lead singer for the progressive rock group", "When they arrive home, they realise that Kate still has a wish left. Laura expects Kate to wish to never have to see her again, as she said on the journey to Grandad's house. However, Kate decides to save her wish for when she needs it. Then Mum calls and tells them it's time to go home, but says that they can come over again after Christmas. Laura, Kate and Grandad are sitting in Grandad's lounge, with the baubles, when suddenly the door opens, and in come several pairs of creatures from the Land of the Bumbly Boo, and they dance to the song \"There is a song in man\". Halfway through the song, the Conkerer, Sir Nobonk, Badjelly, King Twytt, Queen Twytt, Wobble and Ice Cream also enter. They are soon followed by more creatures from the Land of the Bumbly Boo, (the rest of the cast), and by the end of the song, the whole cast are on stage. For the final bows, the casts sing \"The Ying Tong Song\", and do their bows in character, before character group by group, they leave, leaving Grandad, Kate and Laura on stage. Grandad then wishes the audience a Merry Christmas (and on the performances nearing New Year's Eve, a Happy New Year), before exiting with Kate and Laura. To end the show, an image of Spike Milligan is projected on to a piece of set. The Chickenshed Theatre Company was the first company to introduce the idea of inclusive theatre in both performing and watching. Every performance of \"Badjelly's Bad Christmas\" had sign language fully integrated. On some nights it was captioned for the deaf, and audio described for the blind. The theatre was, and still is, wheelchair accessible.", "Lai Ying Tong Lai Ying Tong (; born 4 January), known professionally as Siu Tung (Chinese: \u5c0f\u5f64), is a Hong Kong Cantopop songwriter,arranger and performer as well as music educator. She graduated from the Chinese University of Hong Kong with a Master of Arts in Music. Lai is currently a part-time music lecturer at and . Lai is also a columnist for Headline Music Magazine. Lai works closely with the a cappella group . She always plays keyboards in their concerts, so she has earned the name 'the 5th member of C AllStar'. In 2012, Lai was awarded the fourth 'Joseph Koo New Generation Award' at the Annual CASH Awards Presentation. In 2010, her hit song 'Love Stairs' (\u5929\u68af Tianti) was one of the top ten gold songs at the 2010 RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards as well as TVB Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards. In 2011, 'Lover Stairs' also won the Best Melody as well as the CASH Best Song award at the CASH Golden Sail Music Awards presentation. As of March 2015, the viewership of the official Music Video of 'Love Stairs' exceeded 10 million, which tops all the Cantopop Music Videos.", "Ying Tong Song The \"Ying Tong Song\" (also known by its refrain, which is variously either \"Ying tong diddle I po\" or \"Ying tong yiddle I po\" rather than the oft-quoted but apparently absent \"Ying tong iddle I po\") was a novelty song written by Spike Milligan and performed by the Goons, usually led by Harry Secombe. It is a nonsense song, consisting of small verses interspersed by a completely nonsensical chorus. The origin of the title is said to have come from Harry Secombe's mispronunciation of the name of Milligan's war-time friend and fellow jazz musician, Harry Edgington. When Secombe repeatedly called him \"Edgerton\", Milligan replied, \"it's Edgington, Edgington\" and emphasized the point by saying \"Yington, Yington\". Secombe usually spoke the lead vocals, accompanied by Peter Sellers and Spike Milligan, who would sing along as various \"Goon Show\" characters. As Secombe was signed to Philips Records, he did not sing on any of the Goons' Decca recordings of the 1950s, including this song, only speaking his words. Milligan claimed that he wrote this song as a bet, with his brother, that he could not get a song into the hit parade that had only two chords (in this case G and D7). It was a hit in the UK on two occasions: its highest position was No. 3 in the UK Singles Chart in 1956"], "answer": {"text": "filled with puns and skewed logic, as a way of staving off the boredom of life in barracks.", "answer_start": 547}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Milligan write during the second world war?", "answer": {"text": "During the Second World War, Milligan served as a signaller in the 56th Heavy Regiment Royal Artillery, D Battery (later 19 Battery), as Gunner Milligan, 954024.", "answer_start": 963, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was he there?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he write while there?", "answer": {"text": "After his call-up, but before being sent abroad, he and fellow musician Harry Edgington (1919-1993) (whose nickname 'Edge-ying-Tong', inspired one of Milligan's most memorable musical creations, the \"Ying Tong Song\")", "answer_start": 299, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a5ec9a2060834f36a67f68862a749bca_1_q#5", "question": "What else did he do?", "rewrite": "Aside from Gunner what else did Milligan do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["However, as Judge Davis described the status of the federal courts in Indiana at the time, \"It needed no bayonets to protect it, and required no military aid to execute its judgments.\" \"Ex parte Milligan\" became well known as the leading U.S. Supreme Court case that found the president went beyond his legal powers to suppress dissenters during the American Civil War. The decision also helped establish the tradition that presidential and military action \"based on war\" had limits. After Milligan's release from prison, he returned to his home and law practice in Huntington, Indiana. In 1868 he filed a civil lawsuit in Huntington County, Indiana, seeking damages related to the \"Ex parte Milligan\" case. Milligan's civil case was referred to the U.S. Circuit Court for Indiana at Indianapolis. \" Milligan v. Hovey\", a two-week jury trial held in May 1871, named as defendants several men involved in Milligan's treason trial, including Alvin P. Hovey and Oliver P. Morton. Milligan hired Thomas A. Hendricks as his legal council. The defendants hired Benjamin Harrison. Milligan's civil suit was \"the first major civil rights jury trial held before the federal courts. \" At issue was what damages, if any, Milligan had sustained relating to \"Ex parte Milligan\". Harrison portrayed Milligan as a traitor, while Hendricks focused on Milligan's \"malicious prosecution and false imprisonment.\" Milligan refused to admit his affiliation or actions with a seditious organization during the civil trial. The jury issued its verdict in Milligan's favor on May 30, 1871. Although Milligan sought thousands of dollars in damages, state and federal statutes limited the claim to five dollars plus court costs.", "The regiment is also blessed with soldiers who are no use to anybody, disruptive or even mentally disturbed. These men are sometimes \"posted\", which is described in a footnote as \"the art of being shifted sideways\". At any given time, according to Milligan, hundreds of men were in transit between regiments that didn't want them. Milligan then facetiously describes the last of them as being found \"naked save for a vest one sock\" sitting on the back of a lorry, \"waiting to be posted\". Milligan talks to soldiers returning from Dunkirk and sees his first German plane. His regiment is equipped with the obsolete BL 9.2-inch howitzer. Gun drill includes the crews shouting \"bang\" in unison as they have no shells to practice with. A shell from World War I is eventually found and they make strenuous attempts to fire it for practice. It's a dud. A year passes, Milligan trains, the summer months are pleasant. One of the gunners, however, loses a hand when a shell he is pushing into the howitzer's breach explodes. Part 3 begins a year previously, and launches into a favourite Milligan literary aside\u2014a long discussion of setting up musical shows, including names of songs, instruments and players. It is while playing jazz that he meets his lifelong friend, self-taught pianist Harry Edgington, a man \"with moral scruples that would have pleased Jesus\". (In the biographies, Milligan variously portrays himself as licentious or unusually chaste.) The group of pick-up military musicians practices for a month, then are asked to give their first gig in Bexhill Old Town Church Hall. (Milligan's military career shifts between his duties as a gunner and musical performances.)", "Spencer Milligan Spencer Milligan (born September 10, 1937) is an American actor best known for playing Rick Marshall, the father of Will and Holly Marshall, on the first two seasons of the 1970s children science fiction TV series, \"Land of the Lost\". The fictional Marshalls were an American family who found themselves transported to a mysterious realm overrun with dinosaurs and other exotic, fearsome creatures. The show was the creation of Sid and Marty Krofft and has since become a cult classic. It is now available on DVD. Milligan left the show after the second season. It was widely believed by fans that he left because of a \"salary dispute. \" In fact, Milligan wanted his share of merchandising royalties that the show generated. In a 2009 interview with the Associated Press, Milligan elaborated: On the show, Milligan's character Rick Marshall was replaced by his brother, Jack Marshall, played by actor Ron Harper. Milligan did not return for a brief scene, shot in the credits of the third season, showing Rick Marshall being transported out of the \"Land of the Lost\". One of the show's crew played the role instead, wearing a wig resembling Milligan's hair and standing with his back to the camera. Although Spencer Milligan made various guest-starring roles on TV in the 1970s, his career cooled in the 1980s. During the 1980s Milligan lived in Malibu. He settled in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex area in the 1990s, where he taught acting at Adam Roarke's Film Actors Lab (where Lou Diamond Phillips studied). One of Milligan's students was actor Benton Jennings. Milligan eventually moved back to his family's home in Wisconsin. His last known acting performance was in 1987, when he appeared on \"General Hospital\". In addition to teaching acting, Milligan has directed local plays.", "With his rank of gunner, there is no one under his command; his promotion later in the book is the source of comment. An officer, Lt. Budden says: \" Bombardier?\" He turned and looked out the window. \"Oh, dear.\" One of Milligan\u2019s first battle encounters is to yell at a passing aeroplane \"I hope you crash, you noisy bastard!\" \u2014 it immediately does. But the plane was Allied. After a couple of weeks they leave the comforts in the area of Cap Matifou, heading east into battle areas, and are now eating army food. Their cook is upper class: Milligan stays in various accommodations, from a two-man tent stolen from American supplies (which his best friend Edgington burns down while attacking a scorpion), to appropriated housing. The native Arabs are still in the area. Milligan sneaks food a few times to a farmer whose family is \"having a rough time\". Later, they adopt a French dog; when the owner returns to check his house, he mistakenly shoots it; they spend the evening drinking with him in commiseration. As they see action, one gun crew is puzzled to discover their gun is missing after being fired. It's gone over a cliff, and narrowly avoids killing future Goon Harry Secombe, whom Milligan later meets in passing: Part of Milligan's job is laying phone lines. On one occasion silence is imperative, since they're close to the enemy, however the hole in the cable drum spool is square, making a great noise as it unreels. There's limited time for band music, but Milligan and Edgington play on opposites sides of a bombed out floor. Shortly after Edgington finishes, the piano falls through. Milligan reflects: \"It's not often we had been detailed", "Hanik Milligan Hanik Alphonse Milligan (born November 3, 1979) is a former American football safety who played in the National Football League (NFL) for five seasons. He played college football at Houston. He was drafted by the San Diego Chargers in the sixth round of the 2003 NFL Draft. In 2005, Milligan earned a Pro Bowl selection for his work on special teams with the Chargers. Milligan attended Coconut Creek High School in Coconut Creek, Florida and was a letterman in football. He was named the football team's Defensive MVP and selected for All-County. Milligan graduated from Coconut Creek High School in 1997. Milligan's college career started at Garden City Community College in 1998 where he redshirted in his freshman year. Milligan left Garden City for Iowa Central Community College in 1999 and where he posted 128 tackles, 21.5 sacks (a school record), and six blocked kicks during his tenure. Finally, Milligan went to the University of Houston where he was a two-time All-Conference USA selection and left the school as the third all-time leading tackler with 408 career stops. Milligan was drafted in the sixth-round (pick 188 overall) by the San Diego Chargers in 2003. Milligan missed his rookie season due to a pectoral injury he suffered in pre-season. Milligan bounced back the next year and recorded 19 tackles (16 solo) on special teams. He was named to the 2006 Pro Bowl, for his play the next season but despite this, San Diego released him at the season's end. The Arizona Cardinals picked him up the next day, but released him on August 27, 2007, at the end of the 2007 preseason. Milligan was considered one of the best special teams players in the league. His dominant play on special teams has earned him the nickname \"Burdman\". Key"], "answer": {"text": "He played the guitar with a jazz and comedy group called The Bill Hall Trio, in concert parties for the troops.", "answer_start": 1027}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Milligan write during the second world war?", "answer": {"text": "During the Second World War, Milligan served as a signaller in the 56th Heavy Regiment Royal Artillery, D Battery (later 19 Battery), as Gunner Milligan, 954024.", "answer_start": 963, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was he there?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he write while there?", "answer": {"text": "After his call-up, but before being sent abroad, he and fellow musician Harry Edgington (1919-1993) (whose nickname 'Edge-ying-Tong', inspired one of Milligan's most memorable musical creations, the \"Ying Tong Song\")", "answer_start": 299, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was it about?", "answer": {"text": "filled with puns and skewed logic, as a way of staving off the boredom of life in barracks.", "answer_start": 547, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he put out anything else during the war?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1873c4f81ac24c6980a3235172ccebab_0_q#0", "question": "Who did Miyamoto Musashi first duel and what was the outcome?", "rewrite": "Who did Miyamoto Musashi first duel and what was the outcome?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["(\"Poems of the Way\" by Morihei Ueshiba are the purest expression of this). In addition, it was given a new name, the \"Dojo Miyamoto Musashi\" and representing the Miyamoto Musashi School of Japan in France, becoming a main link to this school in the West. Consequently, it acquired the legitimacy of being one of the foundations of the Heiho Niten Ichi Ryu Japan-France Memorial. On May 20, 2000, the Dojo Miyamato Musashi in Gleiz\u00e9, at the request and invitation of the Miyamoto Musashi School - Niten Ichi Ryu of Japan went to the country of the rising sun for the inauguration of the new Budokan Miyamoto Musashi dojo located in Ohara-Cho in the Mimasaka province. This budokan in its outer form represents a samurai helmet, specifically the symbol of the prefecture of Okayama and recalls the symbolic central figure of Japanese culture and native of the country, Musashi. It brings together the various schools in the handling of the way of the sword, and daily reminds us of his heritage, the cradle of the bushido spirit and the Japanese collective memory. Later, several official exchanges of flags were made between the Rhone region represented by the Miyamoto Musashi School in France and the Mimasaka province represented by Japan's Miyamoto Musashi School. The raising of flags took place in front of the Budokan and has been repeated regularly from May 18, 2008 to this day.", "Shinmen Munisai , also called Miyamoto Muninosuke, was a martial artist, expert in using the sword and the jutte. He was also the father of the samurai named Miyamoto Musashi. He was the son of Miyamoto Musashi no kami Yoshimoto, a vassal of Shinmen Iga no Kami, the lord of Takayama Castle in the Yoshino district of Mimasaka Province. Munisai was relied upon by Lord Shinmen Sokan,the head of the Shinmen clan and so was allowed to use the Shinmen name. He was one of the few to have obtained the title of \"Unrivaled Under The Sun\", title offered to him by the Sh\u014dgun Ashikaga. Munisai founded his own ry\u016bha: the T\u014dri Jitte Ry\u016b, which was one of the schools taught to his son Miyamoto Musashi, who conceived the Hy\u014dh\u014d Niten Ichi-ry\u016b. Because of the uncertainty centering on Munisai (when he died, whether he was truly Musashi's father, etc.), Musashi's mother is known with even less confidence. Here are a few possibilities: Sometime after Ashikaga Yoshiteru became the Sh\u014dgun, he started in Kyoto a comparison duel between Munisai, who was still called Hirata at the time, and the founder of the Yoshioka-ry\u016b school of sword-fighting: Yoshioka Kenpo (who was also the sword instructor of the Ashikaga). Kenpo won the first match, while Munisai won the other two. This event later started a feud between Munisai's son Miyamoto Musashi and the following generation of the Yoshioka family.", "(he fought more than sixty battles, all victorious), master of arms and the spirit for many disciples. This heritage has since been passed down through the very heart of Japan, from generation to generation. The Miyamoto Musashi dojo of Gleiz\u00e9 represents the Miyamoto Musashi School in Japan, and in France and joins Japan and France in the Heiho Niten Ichi Ryu Memorial. On 26 February 1999, the Miyamoto Musashi School, or Japan's School of the Two Swords (Niten Ichi Ryu) of Japan, responded to the invitation by the dojo in Gleiz\u00e9 and visited France for the first time. On February 27, at an official reception and a presentation of Martial Arts in front of 800 people, the Miyamoto School Musashi of Japan repeated the remarks of February 26, and recognizing the abundance and evidence of a project based on the spirit of \u201cBushido\" or spirit of the warrior's way (\"The Five Wheel Treaty\" written by Miyamoto Musashi is both a synthesis and a milestone in the tradition of the Samurai, which is at once a quintessential part of the foundation of Japanese culture, and a part of the national treasure). It was therefore proposed to make the Gleiz\u00e9 dojo, the main school of \"Miyamoto Musashi\" in the West, recognizing it as koryu, a traditional school. On Thursday, March 4, 1999, the Japan School \"Miyamoto Musashi\", representing the most noble spirit of chivalry and which contributes largely to the philosophy of Martial Arts (budo, bushido, fencing, kendo, Aikido) is the patron of the Gleiz\u00e9 dojo, and the Budo school of Aikido", "The extra length enables the wielder to keep the swordsman at a disadvantage and this is frequently applied in SMR. The legend states that Mus\u014d Gonnosuke fought two duels with Miyamoto Musashi and was defeated in the first but victorious in the second, using his newly developed \"j\u014djutsu\" techniques to either defeat Musashi or force the duel into a draw. The first duel is described in the annals known as \"Niten Ki\", which is a list of anecdotes told about Musashi and compiled by Musashi's followers after his death. The Niten Ki describes the first duel to have taken place c.1610. One of several legends states that after his defeat Gonnosuke withdrew to the Homan-zan mountain in the northern part of Kyushu, spent his days meditating and training, and underwent austere religious rituals. While resting near a fire in a certain temple, Gonnosuke heard a voice say \"Be mindful of the strategy ' the moon reflected in the water' (\"suigetsu\")\". The tradition states that was his inspiration to develop his new techniques and to fight Musashi a second time. After the creation of his \"j\u014d\" techniques and his establishment as a skilled \"j\u014djutsu\" practitioner he was invited by the Kuroda clan of northern Ky\u016bsh\u016b (in present-day Fukuoka Prefecture) to teach his \"j\u014djutsu\" to their warriors. Gonnosuke accepted the invitation and settled there. After Gonnosuke's death, his \"j\u014djutsu\" would become a closely guarded secret (\"oteme-waza\") of the Kuroda clan, and forbidden to be taught anywhere but within its domain and only to specially selected people within the warrior-class. This was not an unusual practice in the Edo period.", "Scholars argue as to when and where the actual duel took place, and indeed some question whether it even took place at all. The essence of the story, however, tells of how Gonnosuke, by now a very famous swordsman and arrogant in his (considerable) martial abilities, had one day encountered Musashi and had unceremoniously challenged him to a duel. Musashi accepted and Gonnosuke, brandishing his sword, immediately threw himself at Musashi who with ease avoided Gonnosuke's strike and proceeded to lock Gonnosuke's sword, using both his long and short sword, in an X-shaped block (\"jujidome\"). The \"Annals of the Niten\" (\"Niten ki\"), the traditional source of information for Miyamoto Musashi, tells this version of the first duel. Again, the details of exactly what happened in the duel are debated and still unclear. In the version found in the \"Kaijo monogatari\", Gonnosuke and Musashi meets in Akashi instead of Edo, and the former is also brandishing a long four \"shaku\" staff instead of a wooden sword. It states that Gonnosuke had previously encountered Musashi's father, Shinmen Munisai, who was an expert of the jitte and had defeated him. Gonnosuke, in a condescending tone of voice, asked Musashi if he was as skilled as his father and if he used similar techniques. Musashi supposedly said: \"If you have seen my father's technique you have seen mine\", after which Gonnosuke attacked Musashi and was defeated. The weapons used are also in debate. As mentioned above, some claim Gonnosuke was using a long staff (\"bo\") reinforced with metal rings."], "answer": {"text": "My opponent was called Arima Kihei, a sword adept of the Shinto ryu, and I defeated him.", "answer_start": 117}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1873c4f81ac24c6980a3235172ccebab_0_q#2", "question": "did he duel with anyone else?", "rewrite": "did Miyamoto Musashi duel with anyone else other than Arima Kihei?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["I have trained in the way of strategy since my youth, and at the age of thirteen I fought a duel for the first time. My opponent was called Arima Kihei, a sword adept of the Shinto ryu, and I defeated him. At the age of sixteen I defeated a powerful adept by the name of Akiyama, who came from Tajima Province. At the age of twenty-one I went up to Kyoto and fought duels with several adepts of the sword from famous schools, but I never lost. According to the introduction of The Book of Five Rings, Musashi states that his first successful duel was at the age of 13, against a samurai named Arima Kihei who fought using the Kashima Shinto-ryu style, founded by Tsukahara Bokuden (b. 1489, d. 1571). The main source of the duel is the Hyoho senshi denki (\"Anecdotes about the Deceased Master\"). Summarized, its account goes as follows: In 1596, Musashi was 13, and Arima Kihei, who was traveling to hone his art, posted a public challenge in Hirafuku-mura. Musashi wrote his name on the challenge. A messenger came to Dorin's temple, where Musashi was staying, to inform Musashi that his duel had been accepted by Kihei. Dorin, Musashi's uncle, was shocked by this, and tried to beg off the duel in Musashi's name, based on his nephew's age. Kihei was adamant that the only way his honor could be cleared was if Musashi apologized to him when the duel was scheduled.", "(he fought more than sixty battles, all victorious), master of arms and the spirit for many disciples. This heritage has since been passed down through the very heart of Japan, from generation to generation. The Miyamoto Musashi dojo of Gleiz\u00e9 represents the Miyamoto Musashi School in Japan, and in France and joins Japan and France in the Heiho Niten Ichi Ryu Memorial. On 26 February 1999, the Miyamoto Musashi School, or Japan's School of the Two Swords (Niten Ichi Ryu) of Japan, responded to the invitation by the dojo in Gleiz\u00e9 and visited France for the first time. On February 27, at an official reception and a presentation of Martial Arts in front of 800 people, the Miyamoto School Musashi of Japan repeated the remarks of February 26, and recognizing the abundance and evidence of a project based on the spirit of \u201cBushido\" or spirit of the warrior's way (\"The Five Wheel Treaty\" written by Miyamoto Musashi is both a synthesis and a milestone in the tradition of the Samurai, which is at once a quintessential part of the foundation of Japanese culture, and a part of the national treasure). It was therefore proposed to make the Gleiz\u00e9 dojo, the main school of \"Miyamoto Musashi\" in the West, recognizing it as koryu, a traditional school. On Thursday, March 4, 1999, the Japan School \"Miyamoto Musashi\", representing the most noble spirit of chivalry and which contributes largely to the philosophy of Martial Arts (budo, bushido, fencing, kendo, Aikido) is the patron of the Gleiz\u00e9 dojo, and the Budo school of Aikido", "Dorin, Musashi's uncle, was shocked by this, and tried to beg off the duel in Musashi's name, based on his nephew's age. Kihei was adamant that the only way his honor could be cleared was if Musashi apologized to him when the duel was scheduled. So when the time set for the duel arrived, Dorin began apologizing for Musashi, who merely charged at Kihei with a six-foot quarterstaff, shouting a challenge to Kihei. Kihei attacked with a wakizashi, but Musashi threw Kihei on the floor, and while Kihei tried to get up, Musashi struck Arima between the eyes and then beat him to death. Arima was said to have been arrogant, overly eager to battle, and not a terribly talented swordsman. Musashi created and refined a two-sword kenjutsu technique called niten'ichi (Er Tian Yi , \"two heavens as one\") or nitoichi (Er Dao Yi , \"two swords as one\") or 'Niten Ichi-ryu' (A Kongen Buddhist Sutra refers to the two heavens as the two guardians of Buddha). In this technique, the swordsman uses both a large sword, and a \"companion sword\" at the same time, such as a katana with a wakizashi. The two-handed movements of temple drummers may have inspired him, although it could be that the technique was forged through Musashi's combat experience. Jutte techniques were taught to him by his father -- the jutte was often used in battle paired with a sword; the jutte would parry and neutralize the weapon of the enemy while the sword struck or the practitioner grappled with the enemy.", "(\"Poems of the Way\" by Morihei Ueshiba are the purest expression of this). In addition, it was given a new name, the \"Dojo Miyamoto Musashi\" and representing the Miyamoto Musashi School of Japan in France, becoming a main link to this school in the West. Consequently, it acquired the legitimacy of being one of the foundations of the Heiho Niten Ichi Ryu Japan-France Memorial. On May 20, 2000, the Dojo Miyamato Musashi in Gleiz\u00e9, at the request and invitation of the Miyamoto Musashi School - Niten Ichi Ryu of Japan went to the country of the rising sun for the inauguration of the new Budokan Miyamoto Musashi dojo located in Ohara-Cho in the Mimasaka province. This budokan in its outer form represents a samurai helmet, specifically the symbol of the prefecture of Okayama and recalls the symbolic central figure of Japanese culture and native of the country, Musashi. It brings together the various schools in the handling of the way of the sword, and daily reminds us of his heritage, the cradle of the bushido spirit and the Japanese collective memory. Later, several official exchanges of flags were made between the Rhone region represented by the Miyamoto Musashi School in France and the Mimasaka province represented by Japan's Miyamoto Musashi School. The raising of flags took place in front of the Budokan and has been repeated regularly from May 18, 2008 to this day.", "His father's fate is uncertain, but it is thought that he died at the hands of one of Musashi's later adversaries, who was punished or even killed for treating Musashi's father badly. However, there are no exact details of Musashi's life, since Musashi's only writings are those related to strategy and technique. I have trained in the way of strategy since my youth, and at the age of thirteen I fought a duel for the first time. My opponent was called Arima Kihei, a sword adept of the Shinto ryu, and I defeated him. At the age of sixteen I defeated a powerful adept by the name of Akiyama, who came from Tajima Province. At the age of twenty-one I went up to Kyoto and fought duels with several adepts of the sword from famous schools, but I never lost. According to the introduction of The Book of Five Rings, Musashi states that his first successful duel was at the age of 13, against a samurai named Arima Kihei who fought using the Kashima Shinto-ryu style, founded by Tsukahara Bokuden (b. 1489, d. 1571). The main source of the duel is the Hyoho senshi denki (\"Anecdotes about the Deceased Master\"). Summarized, its account goes as follows: In 1596, Musashi was 13, and Arima Kihei, who was traveling to hone his art, posted a public challenge in Hirafuku-mura. Musashi wrote his name on the challenge. A messenger came to Dorin's temple, where Musashi was staying, to inform Musashi that his duel had been accepted by Kihei."], "answer": {"text": "At the age of sixteen I defeated a powerful adept by the name of Akiyama, who came from Tajima Province.", "answer_start": 206}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did Miyamoto Musashi first duel and what was the outcome?", "answer": {"text": "My opponent was called Arima Kihei, a sword adept of the Shinto ryu, and I defeated him.", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was special about the duel?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1873c4f81ac24c6980a3235172ccebab_0_q#3", "question": "who else did he fight?", "rewrite": "who else did Miyamoto Musashi fight other than Arima Kihei and Akiyama?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["(\"Poems of the Way\" by Morihei Ueshiba are the purest expression of this). In addition, it was given a new name, the \"Dojo Miyamoto Musashi\" and representing the Miyamoto Musashi School of Japan in France, becoming a main link to this school in the West. Consequently, it acquired the legitimacy of being one of the foundations of the Heiho Niten Ichi Ryu Japan-France Memorial. On May 20, 2000, the Dojo Miyamato Musashi in Gleiz\u00e9, at the request and invitation of the Miyamoto Musashi School - Niten Ichi Ryu of Japan went to the country of the rising sun for the inauguration of the new Budokan Miyamoto Musashi dojo located in Ohara-Cho in the Mimasaka province. This budokan in its outer form represents a samurai helmet, specifically the symbol of the prefecture of Okayama and recalls the symbolic central figure of Japanese culture and native of the country, Musashi. It brings together the various schools in the handling of the way of the sword, and daily reminds us of his heritage, the cradle of the bushido spirit and the Japanese collective memory. Later, several official exchanges of flags were made between the Rhone region represented by the Miyamoto Musashi School in France and the Mimasaka province represented by Japan's Miyamoto Musashi School. The raising of flags took place in front of the Budokan and has been repeated regularly from May 18, 2008 to this day.", "His father's fate is uncertain, but it is thought that he died at the hands of one of Musashi's later adversaries, who was punished or even killed for treating Musashi's father badly. However, there are no exact details of Musashi's life, since Musashi's only writings are those related to strategy and technique. I have trained in the way of strategy since my youth, and at the age of thirteen I fought a duel for the first time. My opponent was called Arima Kihei, a sword adept of the Shinto ryu, and I defeated him. At the age of sixteen I defeated a powerful adept by the name of Akiyama, who came from Tajima Province. At the age of twenty-one I went up to Kyoto and fought duels with several adepts of the sword from famous schools, but I never lost. According to the introduction of The Book of Five Rings, Musashi states that his first successful duel was at the age of 13, against a samurai named Arima Kihei who fought using the Kashima Shinto-ryu style, founded by Tsukahara Bokuden (b. 1489, d. 1571). The main source of the duel is the Hyoho senshi denki (\"Anecdotes about the Deceased Master\"). Summarized, its account goes as follows: In 1596, Musashi was 13, and Arima Kihei, who was traveling to hone his art, posted a public challenge in Hirafuku-mura. Musashi wrote his name on the challenge. A messenger came to Dorin's temple, where Musashi was staying, to inform Musashi that his duel had been accepted by Kihei.", "I have trained in the way of strategy since my youth, and at the age of thirteen I fought a duel for the first time. My opponent was called Arima Kihei, a sword adept of the Shinto ryu, and I defeated him. At the age of sixteen I defeated a powerful adept by the name of Akiyama, who came from Tajima Province. At the age of twenty-one I went up to Kyoto and fought duels with several adepts of the sword from famous schools, but I never lost. According to the introduction of The Book of Five Rings, Musashi states that his first successful duel was at the age of 13, against a samurai named Arima Kihei who fought using the Kashima Shinto-ryu style, founded by Tsukahara Bokuden (b. 1489, d. 1571). The main source of the duel is the Hyoho senshi denki (\"Anecdotes about the Deceased Master\"). Summarized, its account goes as follows: In 1596, Musashi was 13, and Arima Kihei, who was traveling to hone his art, posted a public challenge in Hirafuku-mura. Musashi wrote his name on the challenge. A messenger came to Dorin's temple, where Musashi was staying, to inform Musashi that his duel had been accepted by Kihei. Dorin, Musashi's uncle, was shocked by this, and tried to beg off the duel in Musashi's name, based on his nephew's age. Kihei was adamant that the only way his honor could be cleared was if Musashi apologized to him when the duel was scheduled.", "(he fought more than sixty battles, all victorious), master of arms and the spirit for many disciples. This heritage has since been passed down through the very heart of Japan, from generation to generation. The Miyamoto Musashi dojo of Gleiz\u00e9 represents the Miyamoto Musashi School in Japan, and in France and joins Japan and France in the Heiho Niten Ichi Ryu Memorial. On 26 February 1999, the Miyamoto Musashi School, or Japan's School of the Two Swords (Niten Ichi Ryu) of Japan, responded to the invitation by the dojo in Gleiz\u00e9 and visited France for the first time. On February 27, at an official reception and a presentation of Martial Arts in front of 800 people, the Miyamoto School Musashi of Japan repeated the remarks of February 26, and recognizing the abundance and evidence of a project based on the spirit of \u201cBushido\" or spirit of the warrior's way (\"The Five Wheel Treaty\" written by Miyamoto Musashi is both a synthesis and a milestone in the tradition of the Samurai, which is at once a quintessential part of the foundation of Japanese culture, and a part of the national treasure). It was therefore proposed to make the Gleiz\u00e9 dojo, the main school of \"Miyamoto Musashi\" in the West, recognizing it as koryu, a traditional school. On Thursday, March 4, 1999, the Japan School \"Miyamoto Musashi\", representing the most noble spirit of chivalry and which contributes largely to the philosophy of Martial Arts (budo, bushido, fencing, kendo, Aikido) is the patron of the Gleiz\u00e9 dojo, and the Budo school of Aikido", "Dorin, Musashi's uncle, was shocked by this, and tried to beg off the duel in Musashi's name, based on his nephew's age. Kihei was adamant that the only way his honor could be cleared was if Musashi apologized to him when the duel was scheduled. So when the time set for the duel arrived, Dorin began apologizing for Musashi, who merely charged at Kihei with a six-foot quarterstaff, shouting a challenge to Kihei. Kihei attacked with a wakizashi, but Musashi threw Kihei on the floor, and while Kihei tried to get up, Musashi struck Arima between the eyes and then beat him to death. Arima was said to have been arrogant, overly eager to battle, and not a terribly talented swordsman. Musashi created and refined a two-sword kenjutsu technique called niten'ichi (Er Tian Yi , \"two heavens as one\") or nitoichi (Er Dao Yi , \"two swords as one\") or 'Niten Ichi-ryu' (A Kongen Buddhist Sutra refers to the two heavens as the two guardians of Buddha). In this technique, the swordsman uses both a large sword, and a \"companion sword\" at the same time, such as a katana with a wakizashi. The two-handed movements of temple drummers may have inspired him, although it could be that the technique was forged through Musashi's combat experience. Jutte techniques were taught to him by his father -- the jutte was often used in battle paired with a sword; the jutte would parry and neutralize the weapon of the enemy while the sword struck or the practitioner grappled with the enemy."], "answer": {"text": "At the age of twenty-one I went up to Kyoto and fought duels with several adepts of the sword from famous schools, but I never lost.", "answer_start": 311}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did Miyamoto Musashi first duel and what was the outcome?", "answer": {"text": "My opponent was called Arima Kihei, a sword adept of the Shinto ryu, and I defeated him.", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was special about the duel?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he duel with anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "At the age of sixteen I defeated a powerful adept by the name of Akiyama, who came from Tajima Province.", "answer_start": 206, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1873c4f81ac24c6980a3235172ccebab_1_q#2", "question": "What happened after he moved to live with his uncle?", "rewrite": "What happened after Miyamoto Musashi moved to live with his uncle?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Shinmen Munisai , also called Miyamoto Muninosuke, was a martial artist, expert in using the sword and the jutte. He was also the father of the samurai named Miyamoto Musashi. He was the son of Miyamoto Musashi no kami Yoshimoto, a vassal of Shinmen Iga no Kami, the lord of Takayama Castle in the Yoshino district of Mimasaka Province. Munisai was relied upon by Lord Shinmen Sokan,the head of the Shinmen clan and so was allowed to use the Shinmen name. He was one of the few to have obtained the title of \"Unrivaled Under The Sun\", title offered to him by the Sh\u014dgun Ashikaga. Munisai founded his own ry\u016bha: the T\u014dri Jitte Ry\u016b, which was one of the schools taught to his son Miyamoto Musashi, who conceived the Hy\u014dh\u014d Niten Ichi-ry\u016b. Because of the uncertainty centering on Munisai (when he died, whether he was truly Musashi's father, etc.), Musashi's mother is known with even less confidence. Here are a few possibilities: Sometime after Ashikaga Yoshiteru became the Sh\u014dgun, he started in Kyoto a comparison duel between Munisai, who was still called Hirata at the time, and the founder of the Yoshioka-ry\u016b school of sword-fighting: Yoshioka Kenpo (who was also the sword instructor of the Ashikaga). Kenpo won the first match, while Munisai won the other two. This event later started a feud between Munisai's son Miyamoto Musashi and the following generation of the Yoshioka family.", "Nonetheless, Yoshioka Kenpo had built the foundation for one of the most famous Kenjutsu ry\u016b (sword fighting styles) of Kyoto, led by his children and grandchildren. However, the Yoshioka-ry\u016b did not last longer than four generations. When the \"sh\u014dgun\" Ashikaga Yoshiteru (reigning from 1546\u20131565) once started a comparison fight between the Yoshioka and Shinmen Munisai (father of Miyamoto Musashi), Shinmen Munisai won 2:1. This battle caused a crucial feud between both families. Just one generation later, Miyamoto Musashi's wins against Yoshioka Seij\u016br\u014d and Yoshioka Denshichir\u014d, and his assassination of Yoshioka Matashichiro ended the feud and led to the decline of the Yoshioka in 1604 (according to Nitenki, a historical record written by a student of Miyamoto Musashi). The Takehiko Inoue manga \"Vagabond\" has a variation on the feud between Musashi and the Yoshioka. Musashi had sought them out as a way to leapfrog his way to fame, slaying a few disciples at the d\u014dj\u014d before Seij\u016br\u014d arrived and exposed him as lacking. Nevertheless, he continued to challenge and dueled Denshichir\u014d, but their first encounter ended prematurely on account of the Yoshioka d\u014dj\u014d being inadvertently set aflame, so Denshichir\u014d told Musashi to grow stronger and then face him a year later. Nearly a year later, when Musashi accepted a more formal challenge from Denshichir\u014d, Seij\u016br\u014d attempted to kill Musashi at Rendaiji field on New Year's Day without informing anyone possibly due to believing that Denshichir\u014d could not defeat Musashi.", "Miyake Gunbei Miyake Gunbei was a vassal who served Honda Tadamasa, the lord of the Himeji castle during the Edo period (17th century) of Japan. Nothing is known of his early life. His primary notability is due to an encounter with the famed swordsman, Miyamoto Musashi. A few years after Tadamasa had established himself at Himeji as governor over the region, the famous Miyamoto Musashi opened a certain dojo in the town, and put up a sign that said, \"\"Miyamoto Musashi, the number one adept of the sword in Japan.\" \" After Lord Honda saw this, in his fury, he ordered his most skilled retainer, Gunbei, to be sent to teach Musashi that he was not truly the greatest of swordsmen. Miyake then visited Musashi, who kept him waiting for more than an hour. Miyake then said, \"\"What an ill-mannered man! Keeping me waiting. Me, one of the principal vassals of the fief, whereas he is a warrior without a lord!\" \". After Musashi came out to see Gunbei, Musashi replied to Gunbei, \"\"If I had been informed that the purpose of your visit was for us to measure ourselves against each other in combat, I would have come sooner. Only I was in the midst of playing Go with a guest. Would you care to come out in the garden? I will leave the choice of weapons up to you, either a real sword or a wooden sword, as you prefer.\" \". Miyake became very irritated after hearing these words from Musashi, but he recalled through his lord's orders that he was to test the abilities of Musashi, not to kill him.", "(\"Poems of the Way\" by Morihei Ueshiba are the purest expression of this). In addition, it was given a new name, the \"Dojo Miyamoto Musashi\" and representing the Miyamoto Musashi School of Japan in France, becoming a main link to this school in the West. Consequently, it acquired the legitimacy of being one of the foundations of the Heiho Niten Ichi Ryu Japan-France Memorial. On May 20, 2000, the Dojo Miyamato Musashi in Gleiz\u00e9, at the request and invitation of the Miyamoto Musashi School - Niten Ichi Ryu of Japan went to the country of the rising sun for the inauguration of the new Budokan Miyamoto Musashi dojo located in Ohara-Cho in the Mimasaka province. This budokan in its outer form represents a samurai helmet, specifically the symbol of the prefecture of Okayama and recalls the symbolic central figure of Japanese culture and native of the country, Musashi. It brings together the various schools in the handling of the way of the sword, and daily reminds us of his heritage, the cradle of the bushido spirit and the Japanese collective memory. Later, several official exchanges of flags were made between the Rhone region represented by the Miyamoto Musashi School in France and the Mimasaka province represented by Japan's Miyamoto Musashi School. The raising of flags took place in front of the Budokan and has been repeated regularly from May 18, 2008 to this day.", "(he fought more than sixty battles, all victorious), master of arms and the spirit for many disciples. This heritage has since been passed down through the very heart of Japan, from generation to generation. The Miyamoto Musashi dojo of Gleiz\u00e9 represents the Miyamoto Musashi School in Japan, and in France and joins Japan and France in the Heiho Niten Ichi Ryu Memorial. On 26 February 1999, the Miyamoto Musashi School, or Japan's School of the Two Swords (Niten Ichi Ryu) of Japan, responded to the invitation by the dojo in Gleiz\u00e9 and visited France for the first time. On February 27, at an official reception and a presentation of Martial Arts in front of 800 people, the Miyamoto School Musashi of Japan repeated the remarks of February 26, and recognizing the abundance and evidence of a project based on the spirit of \u201cBushido\" or spirit of the warrior's way (\"The Five Wheel Treaty\" written by Miyamoto Musashi is both a synthesis and a milestone in the tradition of the Samurai, which is at once a quintessential part of the foundation of Japanese culture, and a part of the national treasure). It was therefore proposed to make the Gleiz\u00e9 dojo, the main school of \"Miyamoto Musashi\" in the West, recognizing it as koryu, a traditional school. On Thursday, March 4, 1999, the Japan School \"Miyamoto Musashi\", representing the most noble spirit of chivalry and which contributes largely to the philosophy of Martial Arts (budo, bushido, fencing, kendo, Aikido) is the patron of the Gleiz\u00e9 dojo, and the Budo school of Aikido"], "answer": {"text": "Both Dorin and Tasumi, Musashi's uncle by marriage, educated him in Buddhism and basic skills such as writing and reading.", "answer_start": 200}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Miyamoto Musashi's first duel?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_77a15c6a424e42738b58d23c7888afc8_1_q#0", "question": "When did Jack White become a minimalist?", "rewrite": "When did Jack White become a minimalist?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jack White (footballer, born 1924) John \"Jack\" White (17 March 1924 - July 2011) was an English footballer who played as a centre half. He made over 420 Football League appearances in the years after the Second World War. \"Jack\" White a former miner played locally for Broadworth Main and Frickley Colliery in Yorkshire. White signed for Aldershot from Sheffield FC in July 1944. Pat Beasley signed White in October 1952 from Aldershot for \u00a35,300 for Bristol City. Jack White immediately displaced Dennis Roberts both at the heart of the defence and as captain of the side. Jack White made his Bristol City debut at centre half in a 4\u20130 win v Gillingham on 11 October 1952. Bristol City briefly reached 2nd place during the 1952\u201353 season but finished in 5th position. White made 33 appearances scoring 4 goals in his first season with Bristol City. The following season 1953\u201354 Bristol City rose to 3rd place as Jack White initially played a mixture of centre half and left back when Dennis Roberts returned to the side. He spent the second half of that season at left half when Ernie Peacock and Terry Compton held the centre half position. White made 40 appearances scoring 3 goals including one goal in a 5\u20132 win at Aldershot. Jack White captained Bristol City to the Third Division South championship in 1954\u201355 when White was ever present making 46 appearances scoring 2 goals whilst playing in all three half back positions. In the Second Division in 1955\u201356 Jack White made 41 appearances scoring 1 goal missing only one match and playing mainly at right half alongside Peacock at centre half and Cyril Williams at left half. Jack White was the regular right half then centre half when Peacock was missing in 1956\u201357. White made 37 appearances scoring 1 goal with Bristol City a mid table Second Division side.", "Jack White (film producer) Jack White (born Jacob Weiss, March 2, 1897 \u2013 April 10, 1984) was a Hungarian-born American film producer, director and writer. His career in the film industry began in the late 1910s and continued until the early 1960s. White produced over 300 films; directed more than 60 of these, and wrote more than 50. He directed some of his sound comedies under the pseudonym \"Preston Black.\" Immigrating to America from Hungary in 1905, White and his family lived in Hollywood, California. A nearby stable was used to engage in the new business of motion pictures. Jack and his three brothers, Jules White, Sam White, and Ben White rode horses as extras in outdoor westerns. This was the start of the brothers' movie careers; they became directors and/or producers. The fourth brother, Ben White, became a cameraman. While still a teenager, Jack White became the leading producer for Educational Pictures, making very popular comedy shorts with Lloyd Hamilton, Lupino Lane, Lige Conley, and Al St. John. In 1926, White produced a comedy short for Educational Pictures, \"The Radio Bug\", directed by Stephen Roberts in both a silent and Phonofilm version. Also in 1926, Jack White hired one of his younger brothers, Jules White, as a film editor. By the 1930s Jules had eclipsed Jack as a leading producer of comedy short subjects, largely with the Three Stooges. In 1935 Jules hired Jack as a writer and director. Jack's first Stooges film was \"Ants in the Pantry\" (1936); he worked in Columbia's shorts department through 1937. He rejoined the unit briefly in the early 1940s before serving in the military, then returned to Columbia for good in 1951. During the 1950s, rising production costs forced Columbia to economize, and reuse sequences from older pictures.", "Meg White Megan Martha White (born December 10, 1974) is an American drummer and occasional singer known for her work with Jack White in the Detroit rock duo The White Stripes. Her music career began when, on an impulse, she played on Jack's drums in 1997. Jack was deeply inspired by her minimalist and un-schooled drumming style. The two decided to form a band and began performing two months later. The duo named themselves The White Stripes because of their last name and Meg's fondness for peppermint candy. The band quickly became a Detroit underground favorite before reaching national, then international fame. White has been nominated for various awards as a part of the White Stripes, and has received four Grammy Awards. Her drumming style has been called \"primal\" for its simplicity, and has drawn both praise and criticism. Her musical influences are wide and varied, with Bob Dylan being her favorite artist. White calls herself \"very shy\", and has kept a low public profile. Meg and Jack White publicly portrayed themselves as siblings. However, public records emerged in 2001 that indicated Meg and Jack were not related and in fact had married in 1996, prior to the band's formation. They divorced in 2000, before The White Stripes ascended to international fame. In 2009, she married guitarist Jackson Smith, son of musicians Patti Smith and Fred \"Sonic\" Smith. They divorced in 2013. While on tour in support for The White Stripes' sixth studio album, \"Icky Thump\", White suffered a bout of acute anxiety, and the remaining dates of the tour were cancelled. After a few public appearances, and a hiatus from recording, The White Stripes announced in February 2011 that they would be disbanding. White has not been active in the music industry since.", "Jack White's Inn Jack White \u2019s Inn is a pub and restaurant in Brittas Bay, County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on N11 road, in a zone where the Irish smuggler and pirate Jack White used to operate, in the coast denominated Jack Moloney\u2019s Hole. The pub\u2019s name is a reference to Jack White, an Irish pirate that lived at the turn of the 18th century, reputed to be a first class smuggler. Jack White arranged shipment of Wicklow wool to be sent abroad to France in exchange for brandy, wine and French luxury goods. He operated in a place so called \u2018Jack\u2019s Hole\u2019, where now Jack White\u2019s Inn is located, in Brittas Bay. After a falling out occurred over a particularly rich cargo of clandestine goods, Jack White was tried by some of his regular clients -high class gentlemen- and sentenced to death. There is a reputed copy of an arrest warrant on the wall of Jack White\u2019s Inn. In 1996, Jack White\u2019s Inn was the scene of one of the most famous Irish murders. On the 16th of March of that year Tom Nevin, co-owner of the pub, was shot dead while counting the takings of the Bank Holiday Weekend. In a supposed botched robbery attempt, he was killed by a single shotgun blast. Catherine Nevin, Tom Nevin\u2019s wife and also owner of the pub, was suspected of having hired three men to murder her husband. She was tried by a jury of six men and six women, and found guilty on 11 April 2000, after five days of deliberation, \u201ca record in Irish legal history\". She was convicted for the murder and for soliciting three men (William McClean, Gerry Heapes and John Jones) to contract kill her husband.", "Trumpet player Regulo Aldama, who appears on \"Conquest\", was discovered by Jack White at a local Mexican restaurant. Jack White said that the album would appeal to fans of the band's self-titled debut, suggesting a stripped-down garage rock sound. A statement on the band's official website (spuriously attributed to \"Kitayna Ireyna Tatanya Kerenska Alisof\" of the \"Moscow Bugle\", a reference to the 1966 \"Batman\" film) humorously claims that: \"Entertainment Weekly\"'s online site had an interview with Michel Gondry in which he said he would be directing a video for \"I'm Slowly Turning Into You\". He mentions the idea for the video. Gondry also says that the video idea came first, and after mentioning the idea to Jack White, White wrote the song to fit that idea. On May 30, 2007, Chicago radio station Q101 aired the entire album without the band's permission. Jack called into the station and reacted angrily about them playing it. There is speculation that the label supplied the album to the station in order to promote its release. In the liner notes of \"Icky Thump\", \"Electra\" is thanked on the second line, just after God. According to Ben Blackwell, Jack White's nephew, this is not directed towards the radio DJ, Electra, but to a pet Jack and Meg White used to have. The White Stripes announced the completion of \"Icky Thump\" on February 28, 2007. The title is derived from \"ecky thump\", a Lancashire colloquial response of surprise, popularized by an episode of the 1970s UK comedy series \"The Goodies\". On \"Later with Jools Holland\" (broadcast June 1, 2007)"], "answer": {"text": "Beginning in the fifth grade,", "answer_start": 88}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_77a15c6a424e42738b58d23c7888afc8_1_q#1", "question": "Why did he choose this?", "rewrite": "Why did Jack White choose to become a minimalist?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jack White's Inn Jack White \u2019s Inn is a pub and restaurant in Brittas Bay, County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on N11 road, in a zone where the Irish smuggler and pirate Jack White used to operate, in the coast denominated Jack Moloney\u2019s Hole. The pub\u2019s name is a reference to Jack White, an Irish pirate that lived at the turn of the 18th century, reputed to be a first class smuggler. Jack White arranged shipment of Wicklow wool to be sent abroad to France in exchange for brandy, wine and French luxury goods. He operated in a place so called \u2018Jack\u2019s Hole\u2019, where now Jack White\u2019s Inn is located, in Brittas Bay. After a falling out occurred over a particularly rich cargo of clandestine goods, Jack White was tried by some of his regular clients -high class gentlemen- and sentenced to death. There is a reputed copy of an arrest warrant on the wall of Jack White\u2019s Inn. In 1996, Jack White\u2019s Inn was the scene of one of the most famous Irish murders. On the 16th of March of that year Tom Nevin, co-owner of the pub, was shot dead while counting the takings of the Bank Holiday Weekend. In a supposed botched robbery attempt, he was killed by a single shotgun blast. Catherine Nevin, Tom Nevin\u2019s wife and also owner of the pub, was suspected of having hired three men to murder her husband. She was tried by a jury of six men and six women, and found guilty on 11 April 2000, after five days of deliberation, \u201ca record in Irish legal history\". She was convicted for the murder and for soliciting three men (William McClean, Gerry Heapes and John Jones) to contract kill her husband.", "Meg White Megan Martha White (born December 10, 1974) is an American drummer and occasional singer known for her work with Jack White in the Detroit rock duo The White Stripes. Her music career began when, on an impulse, she played on Jack's drums in 1997. Jack was deeply inspired by her minimalist and un-schooled drumming style. The two decided to form a band and began performing two months later. The duo named themselves The White Stripes because of their last name and Meg's fondness for peppermint candy. The band quickly became a Detroit underground favorite before reaching national, then international fame. White has been nominated for various awards as a part of the White Stripes, and has received four Grammy Awards. Her drumming style has been called \"primal\" for its simplicity, and has drawn both praise and criticism. Her musical influences are wide and varied, with Bob Dylan being her favorite artist. White calls herself \"very shy\", and has kept a low public profile. Meg and Jack White publicly portrayed themselves as siblings. However, public records emerged in 2001 that indicated Meg and Jack were not related and in fact had married in 1996, prior to the band's formation. They divorced in 2000, before The White Stripes ascended to international fame. In 2009, she married guitarist Jackson Smith, son of musicians Patti Smith and Fred \"Sonic\" Smith. They divorced in 2013. While on tour in support for The White Stripes' sixth studio album, \"Icky Thump\", White suffered a bout of acute anxiety, and the remaining dates of the tour were cancelled. After a few public appearances, and a hiatus from recording, The White Stripes announced in February 2011 that they would be disbanding. White has not been active in the music industry since.", "Trumpet player Regulo Aldama, who appears on \"Conquest\", was discovered by Jack White at a local Mexican restaurant. Jack White said that the album would appeal to fans of the band's self-titled debut, suggesting a stripped-down garage rock sound. A statement on the band's official website (spuriously attributed to \"Kitayna Ireyna Tatanya Kerenska Alisof\" of the \"Moscow Bugle\", a reference to the 1966 \"Batman\" film) humorously claims that: \"Entertainment Weekly\"'s online site had an interview with Michel Gondry in which he said he would be directing a video for \"I'm Slowly Turning Into You\". He mentions the idea for the video. Gondry also says that the video idea came first, and after mentioning the idea to Jack White, White wrote the song to fit that idea. On May 30, 2007, Chicago radio station Q101 aired the entire album without the band's permission. Jack called into the station and reacted angrily about them playing it. There is speculation that the label supplied the album to the station in order to promote its release. In the liner notes of \"Icky Thump\", \"Electra\" is thanked on the second line, just after God. According to Ben Blackwell, Jack White's nephew, this is not directed towards the radio DJ, Electra, but to a pet Jack and Meg White used to have. The White Stripes announced the completion of \"Icky Thump\" on February 28, 2007. The title is derived from \"ecky thump\", a Lancashire colloquial response of surprise, popularized by an episode of the 1970s UK comedy series \"The Goodies\". On \"Later with Jools Holland\" (broadcast June 1, 2007)", "Jack White (footballer, born 1924) John \"Jack\" White (17 March 1924 - July 2011) was an English footballer who played as a centre half. He made over 420 Football League appearances in the years after the Second World War. \"Jack\" White a former miner played locally for Broadworth Main and Frickley Colliery in Yorkshire. White signed for Aldershot from Sheffield FC in July 1944. Pat Beasley signed White in October 1952 from Aldershot for \u00a35,300 for Bristol City. Jack White immediately displaced Dennis Roberts both at the heart of the defence and as captain of the side. Jack White made his Bristol City debut at centre half in a 4\u20130 win v Gillingham on 11 October 1952. Bristol City briefly reached 2nd place during the 1952\u201353 season but finished in 5th position. White made 33 appearances scoring 4 goals in his first season with Bristol City. The following season 1953\u201354 Bristol City rose to 3rd place as Jack White initially played a mixture of centre half and left back when Dennis Roberts returned to the side. He spent the second half of that season at left half when Ernie Peacock and Terry Compton held the centre half position. White made 40 appearances scoring 3 goals including one goal in a 5\u20132 win at Aldershot. Jack White captained Bristol City to the Third Division South championship in 1954\u201355 when White was ever present making 46 appearances scoring 2 goals whilst playing in all three half back positions. In the Second Division in 1955\u201356 Jack White made 41 appearances scoring 1 goal missing only one match and playing mainly at right half alongside Peacock at centre half and Cyril Williams at left half. Jack White was the regular right half then centre half when Peacock was missing in 1956\u201357. White made 37 appearances scoring 1 goal with Bristol City a mid table Second Division side.", "Jack White (film producer) Jack White (born Jacob Weiss, March 2, 1897 \u2013 April 10, 1984) was a Hungarian-born American film producer, director and writer. His career in the film industry began in the late 1910s and continued until the early 1960s. White produced over 300 films; directed more than 60 of these, and wrote more than 50. He directed some of his sound comedies under the pseudonym \"Preston Black.\" Immigrating to America from Hungary in 1905, White and his family lived in Hollywood, California. A nearby stable was used to engage in the new business of motion pictures. Jack and his three brothers, Jules White, Sam White, and Ben White rode horses as extras in outdoor westerns. This was the start of the brothers' movie careers; they became directors and/or producers. The fourth brother, Ben White, became a cameraman. While still a teenager, Jack White became the leading producer for Educational Pictures, making very popular comedy shorts with Lloyd Hamilton, Lupino Lane, Lige Conley, and Al St. John. In 1926, White produced a comedy short for Educational Pictures, \"The Radio Bug\", directed by Stephen Roberts in both a silent and Phonofilm version. Also in 1926, Jack White hired one of his younger brothers, Jules White, as a film editor. By the 1930s Jules had eclipsed Jack as a leading producer of comedy short subjects, largely with the Three Stooges. In 1935 Jules hired Jack as a writer and director. Jack's first Stooges film was \"Ants in the Pantry\" (1936); he worked in Columbia's shorts department through 1937. He rejoined the unit briefly in the early 1940s before serving in the military, then returned to Columbia for good in 1951. During the 1950s, rising production costs forced Columbia to economize, and reuse sequences from older pictures."], "answer": {"text": "he and his childhood friend, Dominic Suchyta, would listen to records in White's attic on weekends", "answer_start": 118}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Jack White become a minimalist?", "answer": {"text": "Beginning in the fifth grade,", "answer_start": 88, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_77a15c6a424e42738b58d23c7888afc8_1_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any interesting aspects of Jack White's minimalism besides his music?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Trumpet player Regulo Aldama, who appears on \"Conquest\", was discovered by Jack White at a local Mexican restaurant. Jack White said that the album would appeal to fans of the band's self-titled debut, suggesting a stripped-down garage rock sound. A statement on the band's official website (spuriously attributed to \"Kitayna Ireyna Tatanya Kerenska Alisof\" of the \"Moscow Bugle\", a reference to the 1966 \"Batman\" film) humorously claims that: \"Entertainment Weekly\"'s online site had an interview with Michel Gondry in which he said he would be directing a video for \"I'm Slowly Turning Into You\". He mentions the idea for the video. Gondry also says that the video idea came first, and after mentioning the idea to Jack White, White wrote the song to fit that idea. On May 30, 2007, Chicago radio station Q101 aired the entire album without the band's permission. Jack called into the station and reacted angrily about them playing it. There is speculation that the label supplied the album to the station in order to promote its release. In the liner notes of \"Icky Thump\", \"Electra\" is thanked on the second line, just after God. According to Ben Blackwell, Jack White's nephew, this is not directed towards the radio DJ, Electra, but to a pet Jack and Meg White used to have. The White Stripes announced the completion of \"Icky Thump\" on February 28, 2007. The title is derived from \"ecky thump\", a Lancashire colloquial response of surprise, popularized by an episode of the 1970s UK comedy series \"The Goodies\". On \"Later with Jools Holland\" (broadcast June 1, 2007)", "Jack White (footballer, born 1924) John \"Jack\" White (17 March 1924 - July 2011) was an English footballer who played as a centre half. He made over 420 Football League appearances in the years after the Second World War. \"Jack\" White a former miner played locally for Broadworth Main and Frickley Colliery in Yorkshire. White signed for Aldershot from Sheffield FC in July 1944. Pat Beasley signed White in October 1952 from Aldershot for \u00a35,300 for Bristol City. Jack White immediately displaced Dennis Roberts both at the heart of the defence and as captain of the side. Jack White made his Bristol City debut at centre half in a 4\u20130 win v Gillingham on 11 October 1952. Bristol City briefly reached 2nd place during the 1952\u201353 season but finished in 5th position. White made 33 appearances scoring 4 goals in his first season with Bristol City. The following season 1953\u201354 Bristol City rose to 3rd place as Jack White initially played a mixture of centre half and left back when Dennis Roberts returned to the side. He spent the second half of that season at left half when Ernie Peacock and Terry Compton held the centre half position. White made 40 appearances scoring 3 goals including one goal in a 5\u20132 win at Aldershot. Jack White captained Bristol City to the Third Division South championship in 1954\u201355 when White was ever present making 46 appearances scoring 2 goals whilst playing in all three half back positions. In the Second Division in 1955\u201356 Jack White made 41 appearances scoring 1 goal missing only one match and playing mainly at right half alongside Peacock at centre half and Cyril Williams at left half. Jack White was the regular right half then centre half when Peacock was missing in 1956\u201357. White made 37 appearances scoring 1 goal with Bristol City a mid table Second Division side.", "Lillie Mae Lillie Mae (born Lillie Mae Rische on June 26, 1991) is an American country and Americana singer, songwriter, fiddle and guitar player based out of Nashville, Tennessee. Lillie Mae Rische started playing and performing live at the age of 3. She started playing guitar at age 4 and started playing fiddle at age 7. Lillie Mae and her family toured as a family band for many years. Her father, Forrest Carter, left when she was 11. The family settled in Nashville, Tennessee january of the year 2000. Her family began playing the local honky tonks (Laylas) with her siblings, Frank, Scarlett, Amber-Dawn and McKenna Grace, as Jypsi. Most of the siblings signed with Arista Records in 2007 and had two Top 40 singles on Hot Country Songs the next year \"I Don't Love You Like That\". Mae began doing session work for Third Man Records, which led to her playing fiddle on Jack White's 2012 and 2014 tours. In 2013, Lillie Mae appeared in several spots in the filmed concert \"Another Day, Another Time: Celebrating the Music of Inside Llewyn Davis\". She sang and played violin on \" Did You Hear John Hurt?\" and \"We're Going to Be Friends\" alongside Jack White. Mae has appeared on all three of Jack White's solo records, as well as on The Raconteurs' 2019 album \"Help Us Stranger\". In 2014, Mae released her first solo song titled \"Nobody's\". On January 19, 2015 she released \"Rain On The Piano,\" produced by Johnny Sandlin. On June 23, 2017, Lillie Mae released A full-length album titled \" Forever and Then Some\" on Third Man Records. The album was produced by Jack White and featured contributions from her siblings, Frank and Scarlett and mckenna Grace.", "Jack White's Inn Jack White \u2019s Inn is a pub and restaurant in Brittas Bay, County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on N11 road, in a zone where the Irish smuggler and pirate Jack White used to operate, in the coast denominated Jack Moloney\u2019s Hole. The pub\u2019s name is a reference to Jack White, an Irish pirate that lived at the turn of the 18th century, reputed to be a first class smuggler. Jack White arranged shipment of Wicklow wool to be sent abroad to France in exchange for brandy, wine and French luxury goods. He operated in a place so called \u2018Jack\u2019s Hole\u2019, where now Jack White\u2019s Inn is located, in Brittas Bay. After a falling out occurred over a particularly rich cargo of clandestine goods, Jack White was tried by some of his regular clients -high class gentlemen- and sentenced to death. There is a reputed copy of an arrest warrant on the wall of Jack White\u2019s Inn. In 1996, Jack White\u2019s Inn was the scene of one of the most famous Irish murders. On the 16th of March of that year Tom Nevin, co-owner of the pub, was shot dead while counting the takings of the Bank Holiday Weekend. In a supposed botched robbery attempt, he was killed by a single shotgun blast. Catherine Nevin, Tom Nevin\u2019s wife and also owner of the pub, was suspected of having hired three men to murder her husband. She was tried by a jury of six men and six women, and found guilty on 11 April 2000, after five days of deliberation, \u201ca record in Irish legal history\". She was convicted for the murder and for soliciting three men (William McClean, Gerry Heapes and John Jones) to contract kill her husband.", "Jack White (film producer) Jack White (born Jacob Weiss, March 2, 1897 \u2013 April 10, 1984) was a Hungarian-born American film producer, director and writer. His career in the film industry began in the late 1910s and continued until the early 1960s. White produced over 300 films; directed more than 60 of these, and wrote more than 50. He directed some of his sound comedies under the pseudonym \"Preston Black.\" Immigrating to America from Hungary in 1905, White and his family lived in Hollywood, California. A nearby stable was used to engage in the new business of motion pictures. Jack and his three brothers, Jules White, Sam White, and Ben White rode horses as extras in outdoor westerns. This was the start of the brothers' movie careers; they became directors and/or producers. The fourth brother, Ben White, became a cameraman. While still a teenager, Jack White became the leading producer for Educational Pictures, making very popular comedy shorts with Lloyd Hamilton, Lupino Lane, Lige Conley, and Al St. John. In 1926, White produced a comedy short for Educational Pictures, \"The Radio Bug\", directed by Stephen Roberts in both a silent and Phonofilm version. Also in 1926, Jack White hired one of his younger brothers, Jules White, as a film editor. By the 1930s Jules had eclipsed Jack as a leading producer of comedy short subjects, largely with the Three Stooges. In 1935 Jules hired Jack as a writer and director. Jack's first Stooges film was \"Ants in the Pantry\" (1936); he worked in Columbia's shorts department through 1937. He rejoined the unit briefly in the early 1940s before serving in the military, then returned to Columbia for good in 1951. During the 1950s, rising production costs forced Columbia to economize, and reuse sequences from older pictures."], "answer": {"text": "White showcases his minimalist style by constructing a guitar built out of a plank of wood, three nails, a glass Coke bottle, a guitar string, and a pickup.", "answer_start": 1156}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Jack White become a minimalist?", "answer": {"text": "Beginning in the fifth grade,", "answer_start": 88, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he choose this?", "answer": {"text": "he and his childhood friend, Dominic Suchyta, would listen to records in White's attic on weekends", "answer_start": 118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does it mean to him?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_77a15c6a424e42738b58d23c7888afc8_1_q#4", "question": "Does he create other things as well?", "rewrite": "Does create musical instruments?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Musical instrument A musical instrument is an instrument created or adapted to make musical sounds. In principle, any object that produces sound can be considered a musical instrument\u2014it is through purpose that the object becomes a musical instrument. The history of musical instruments dates to the beginnings of human culture. Early musical instruments may have been used for ritual, such as a trumpet to signal success on the hunt, or a drum in a religious ceremony. Cultures eventually developed composition and performance of melodies for entertainment. Musical instruments evolved in step with changing applications. The date and origin of the first device considered a musical instrument is disputed. The oldest object that some scholars refer to as a musical instrument, a simple flute, dates back as far as 67,000 years. Some consensus dates early flutes to about 37,000 years ago. However, most historians believe that determining a specific time of musical instrument invention is impossible due to the subjectivity of the definition and the relative instability of materials used to make them. Many early musical instruments were made from animal skins, bone, wood of specified trees, and other non-durable materials. Musical instruments developed independently in many populated regions of the world. However, contact among civilizations caused rapid spread and adaptation of most instruments in places far from their origin. By the Middle Ages, instruments from Mesopotamia were in maritime Southeast Asia, and Europeans played instruments originating from North Africa. Development in the Americas occurred at a slower pace, but cultures of North, Central, and South America shared musical instruments. By 1400, musical instrument development slowed in many areas and was dominated by the Occident. Musical instrument classification is a discipline in its own right, and many systems of classification have been used over the years. Instruments can be classified by their effective range, their material composition, their size, etc. However, the most common academic method, Hornbostel\u2013Sachs, uses the means by which they produce sound.", "The campaign broke the national record of voluntary donation, and the firearms were crushed by a steamroller, melted and re-moulded into 1,527 gardening tools. These shovels have been distributed to a number of art institutions and public schools where adults and children engage in the action of planting 1527 trees. Tree plantings have taken place at the Vancouver Art Gallery (2008),San Francisco Art Institute (2008) Maison Rouge, Paris (2008), Lyon Biennial (2009), Marfa, Texas (2010), Denver, Colorado (2010), Boston (2011). It aims to show how \u201can agent of death can become and agent of life\u201d. \"Disarm\" was another art project that Pedro Reyes created that was produced in relation to \"Palas por Pistolas. \" For this project, Reyes was contacted by Mexican government officials who were informed of the work Reyes was doing to help gun control in Culiac\u00e1n, Mexico. They reached out to Reyes to notify him about the 6,700 confiscated guns that they had received to see if he could use them. Keeping in mind how the shovels in \"Palas Por Pistolas\" had brought people together, Reyes decided to use the guns and their parts to create musical instruments. He was able to construct wind and percussion devices that could actually produce sound. The instruments were then used in a performance in 2012 at the Mexico City gallery Proyecto Liquido. After exhibiting the performance there, \"Disarm\" went on to several other galleries around the world. This piece was called involved musicians who helped Reyes create assemblage like instruments based on their unusual sound. Reyes talked about the musical instruments sound as an \u201cexorcism or an elegy.\u201d \"Baby Marx\" is a puppet comedy, featuring as main characters Karl Marx and Adam Smith.", "Garry Greenwood Garry Greenwood (born 1943 in Kent, England \u2013 2005) was a Tasmanian leather sculptor and graphic artist. He pioneered and mastered the use of leather as a sculptural material, using it to create musical instruments, theatrical costumes, wall hangings and free-standing works. His works are widely represented in public and private collections in Australia and internationally. Greenwood is considered a pioneer in the use of leather as a sculptural medium. He used wet-formed cowhide as well as exotic leathers including kangaroo, buffalo, emu and ostrich. Stylistically his works were often whimsical and quirky, drawing on folk art and English medievalist fantasy, as well as organic and human forms. A long-running series of Greenwood's works were elaborate and ornate shoes, a number which are on display at the Bata Shoe Museum in Toronto. He collaborated with a number of theatre groups including TasDance, for which he designed sets, costumes, puppets and masks. Significant collections of his works are held at the National Gallery of Australia, the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery and the Grainger Museum. Greenwood is best known for creating musical instruments from leather. A talented folk musician himself (guitar, mandolin & banjo), his first experiment was a leather violin. He went on to create dozens of different instruments including stringed, woodwind and percussion instruments. While some of them are decorative variations of existing instrument forms such as harps, lyres, horns and ocarinas, some are entirely new inventions such as the \"Tasmanian Mountain Harp\". He also collaborated with Joanne Cannon & Stuart Favilla to create hybrid acoustic/electronic instruments, the \"Leather LightHarp\" and the \"Contra-monster\". His instruments have also been played by saxophonist Brian Brown, and Tasmanian group The Chordwainers.", "The academic study of musical instruments is called organology. A musical instrument makes sounds. Once humans moved from making sounds with their bodies \u2014 for example, by clapping\u2014to using objects to create music from sounds, musical instruments were born. Primitive instruments were probably designed to emulate natural sounds, and their purpose was ritual rather than entertainment. The concept of melody and the artistic pursuit of musical composition were unknown to early players of musical instruments. A player sounding a flute to signal the start of a hunt does so without thought of the modern notion of \"making music\". Musical instruments are constructed in a broad array of styles and shapes, using many different materials. Early musical instruments were made from \"found objects\" such as shells and plant parts. As instruments evolved, so did the selection and quality of materials. Virtually every material in nature has been used by at least one culture to make musical instruments. One plays a musical instrument by interacting with it in some way \u2014 for example, by plucking the strings on a string instrument. Researchers have discovered archaeological evidence of musical instruments in many parts of the world. Some finds are 67,000 years old, however their status as musical instruments is often in dispute. Consensus solidifying about artifacts dated back to around 37,000 years old and later. Only artifacts made from durable materials or using durable methods tend to survive. As such, the specimens found cannot be irrefutably placed as the earliest musical instruments. In July 1995, Slovenian archaeologist Ivan Turk discovered a bone carving in the northwest region of Slovenia. The carving, named the Divje Babe Flute, features four holes that Canadian musicologist Bob Fink determined could have been used to play four notes of a diatonic scale.", "Other instruments in common use in the region included vertical harps derived from those of the Orient, lutes of Egyptian design, various pipes and organs, and clappers, which were played primarily by women. Evidence of musical instruments in use by early civilizations of India is almost completely lacking, making it impossible to reliably attribute instruments to the Munda and Dravidian language-speaking cultures that first settled the area. Rather, the history of musical instruments in the area begins with the Indus Valley Civilization that emerged around 3000 BC. Various rattles and whistles found among excavated artifacts are the only physical evidence of musical instruments. A clay statuette indicates the use of drums, and examination of the Indus script has also revealed representations of vertical arched harps identical in design to those depicted in Sumerian artifacts. This discovery is among many indications that the Indus Valley and Sumerian cultures maintained cultural contact. Subsequent developments in musical instruments in India occurred with the Rigveda, or hymns. These songs used various drums, shell trumpets, harps, and flutes. Other prominent instruments in use during the early centuries AD were the snake charmer's double clarinet, bagpipes, barrel drums, cross flutes, and short lutes. In all, India had no unique musical instruments until the Middle Ages. Musical instruments such as zithers appeared in Chinese writings around 12th century BC and earlier. Early Chinese philosophers such as Confucius (551\u2013479 BC), Mencius (372\u2013289 BC), and Laozi shaped the development of musical instruments in China, adopting an attitude toward music similar to that of the Greeks. The Chinese believed that music was an essential part of character and community, and developed a unique system of classifying their musical instruments according to their material makeup. Idiophones were extremely important in Chinese music, hence the majority of early instruments were idiophones."], "answer": {"text": "a Neve mixing console, and two Studer A800 2-inch 8-track tape recorders.", "answer_start": 1018}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Jack White become a minimalist?", "answer": {"text": "Beginning in the fifth grade,", "answer_start": 88, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he choose this?", "answer": {"text": "he and his childhood friend, Dominic Suchyta, would listen to records in White's attic on weekends", "answer_start": 118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does it mean to him?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "White showcases his minimalist style by constructing a guitar built out of a plank of wood, three nails, a glass Coke bottle, a guitar string, and a pickup.", "answer_start": 1156, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_77a15c6a424e42738b58d23c7888afc8_1_q#5", "question": "Are there other aspects of his lifestyle you find interesting?", "rewrite": "Are there aspects of Jack White's lifestyle that are interesting?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Trumpet player Regulo Aldama, who appears on \"Conquest\", was discovered by Jack White at a local Mexican restaurant. Jack White said that the album would appeal to fans of the band's self-titled debut, suggesting a stripped-down garage rock sound. A statement on the band's official website (spuriously attributed to \"Kitayna Ireyna Tatanya Kerenska Alisof\" of the \"Moscow Bugle\", a reference to the 1966 \"Batman\" film) humorously claims that: \"Entertainment Weekly\"'s online site had an interview with Michel Gondry in which he said he would be directing a video for \"I'm Slowly Turning Into You\". He mentions the idea for the video. Gondry also says that the video idea came first, and after mentioning the idea to Jack White, White wrote the song to fit that idea. On May 30, 2007, Chicago radio station Q101 aired the entire album without the band's permission. Jack called into the station and reacted angrily about them playing it. There is speculation that the label supplied the album to the station in order to promote its release. In the liner notes of \"Icky Thump\", \"Electra\" is thanked on the second line, just after God. According to Ben Blackwell, Jack White's nephew, this is not directed towards the radio DJ, Electra, but to a pet Jack and Meg White used to have. The White Stripes announced the completion of \"Icky Thump\" on February 28, 2007. The title is derived from \"ecky thump\", a Lancashire colloquial response of surprise, popularized by an episode of the 1970s UK comedy series \"The Goodies\". On \"Later with Jools Holland\" (broadcast June 1, 2007)", "Jack White's Inn Jack White \u2019s Inn is a pub and restaurant in Brittas Bay, County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on N11 road, in a zone where the Irish smuggler and pirate Jack White used to operate, in the coast denominated Jack Moloney\u2019s Hole. The pub\u2019s name is a reference to Jack White, an Irish pirate that lived at the turn of the 18th century, reputed to be a first class smuggler. Jack White arranged shipment of Wicklow wool to be sent abroad to France in exchange for brandy, wine and French luxury goods. He operated in a place so called \u2018Jack\u2019s Hole\u2019, where now Jack White\u2019s Inn is located, in Brittas Bay. After a falling out occurred over a particularly rich cargo of clandestine goods, Jack White was tried by some of his regular clients -high class gentlemen- and sentenced to death. There is a reputed copy of an arrest warrant on the wall of Jack White\u2019s Inn. In 1996, Jack White\u2019s Inn was the scene of one of the most famous Irish murders. On the 16th of March of that year Tom Nevin, co-owner of the pub, was shot dead while counting the takings of the Bank Holiday Weekend. In a supposed botched robbery attempt, he was killed by a single shotgun blast. Catherine Nevin, Tom Nevin\u2019s wife and also owner of the pub, was suspected of having hired three men to murder her husband. She was tried by a jury of six men and six women, and found guilty on 11 April 2000, after five days of deliberation, \u201ca record in Irish legal history\". She was convicted for the murder and for soliciting three men (William McClean, Gerry Heapes and John Jones) to contract kill her husband.", "Jack White (footballer, born 1924) John \"Jack\" White (17 March 1924 - July 2011) was an English footballer who played as a centre half. He made over 420 Football League appearances in the years after the Second World War. \"Jack\" White a former miner played locally for Broadworth Main and Frickley Colliery in Yorkshire. White signed for Aldershot from Sheffield FC in July 1944. Pat Beasley signed White in October 1952 from Aldershot for \u00a35,300 for Bristol City. Jack White immediately displaced Dennis Roberts both at the heart of the defence and as captain of the side. Jack White made his Bristol City debut at centre half in a 4\u20130 win v Gillingham on 11 October 1952. Bristol City briefly reached 2nd place during the 1952\u201353 season but finished in 5th position. White made 33 appearances scoring 4 goals in his first season with Bristol City. The following season 1953\u201354 Bristol City rose to 3rd place as Jack White initially played a mixture of centre half and left back when Dennis Roberts returned to the side. He spent the second half of that season at left half when Ernie Peacock and Terry Compton held the centre half position. White made 40 appearances scoring 3 goals including one goal in a 5\u20132 win at Aldershot. Jack White captained Bristol City to the Third Division South championship in 1954\u201355 when White was ever present making 46 appearances scoring 2 goals whilst playing in all three half back positions. In the Second Division in 1955\u201356 Jack White made 41 appearances scoring 1 goal missing only one match and playing mainly at right half alongside Peacock at centre half and Cyril Williams at left half. Jack White was the regular right half then centre half when Peacock was missing in 1956\u201357. White made 37 appearances scoring 1 goal with Bristol City a mid table Second Division side.", "In his final season with Bristol City Jack White made 20 appearances without scoring in 1957\u201358 under the new captain Tommy Burden. Jack White joined Cambridge City of the Southern League as player manager in April 1958. Cambridge City finished above Cambridge United in all three seasons playing in the South Eastern division in 1958\u201359, then finished 5th in the Premier Division in 1959\u201360 and 9th the following season. After three seasons White moved on to Wellington Town as manager. Wellington United were 13th in the Premier Division in 1961\u201362 and then as Wellington Town finished 6th in 1962\u201363. After retiring from football Jack White became a service engineer in Tonbridge with a firm run by Bristol City chairman Harry Dolman. He later worked for Tonbridge Printers and returned to Doncaster in 1978 to work as a labourer at Thorpe Marsh Power Station. He retired in March 1989 and was living in Tonbridge in 1997. Jack White's younger brother Len White (1930\u20131994) was also a professional footballer playing for Rotherham United, Newcastle United, Huddersfield Town and Stockport County. Len White made 245 appearances scoring 197 goals for Newcastle United. This the third highest career total of League goals for Newcastle United exceeded only by Jackie Milburn and Alan Shearer.", "Jack White (film producer) Jack White (born Jacob Weiss, March 2, 1897 \u2013 April 10, 1984) was a Hungarian-born American film producer, director and writer. His career in the film industry began in the late 1910s and continued until the early 1960s. White produced over 300 films; directed more than 60 of these, and wrote more than 50. He directed some of his sound comedies under the pseudonym \"Preston Black.\" Immigrating to America from Hungary in 1905, White and his family lived in Hollywood, California. A nearby stable was used to engage in the new business of motion pictures. Jack and his three brothers, Jules White, Sam White, and Ben White rode horses as extras in outdoor westerns. This was the start of the brothers' movie careers; they became directors and/or producers. The fourth brother, Ben White, became a cameraman. While still a teenager, Jack White became the leading producer for Educational Pictures, making very popular comedy shorts with Lloyd Hamilton, Lupino Lane, Lige Conley, and Al St. John. In 1926, White produced a comedy short for Educational Pictures, \"The Radio Bug\", directed by Stephen Roberts in both a silent and Phonofilm version. Also in 1926, Jack White hired one of his younger brothers, Jules White, as a film editor. By the 1930s Jules had eclipsed Jack as a leading producer of comedy short subjects, largely with the Three Stooges. In 1935 Jules hired Jack as a writer and director. Jack's first Stooges film was \"Ants in the Pantry\" (1936); he worked in Columbia's shorts department through 1937. He rejoined the unit briefly in the early 1940s before serving in the military, then returned to Columbia for good in 1951. During the 1950s, rising production costs forced Columbia to economize, and reuse sequences from older pictures."], "answer": {"text": "In particular, White became distinguished for his nasal vocal delivery and loose, explosive guitar delivery.", "answer_start": 506}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Jack White become a minimalist?", "answer": {"text": "Beginning in the fifth grade,", "answer_start": 88, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he choose this?", "answer": {"text": "he and his childhood friend, Dominic Suchyta, would listen to records in White's attic on weekends", "answer_start": 118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does it mean to him?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "White showcases his minimalist style by constructing a guitar built out of a plank of wood, three nails, a glass Coke bottle, a guitar string, and a pickup.", "answer_start": 1156, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he create other things as well?", "answer": {"text": "a Neve mixing console, and two Studer A800 2-inch 8-track tape recorders.", "answer_start": 1018, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_77a15c6a424e42738b58d23c7888afc8_1_q#6", "question": "What else is he known for?", "rewrite": "What is Jack White known for other than his mainstream songs?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"The name, \"White Blood Cells\", for the album, is this idea of bacteria coming at us, or just foreign things coming at us, or media, or attention on the band,\" Jack White explained in a 2001 interview. \"It just seems to us that there are so many bands from the same time or before we started that were playing and are still playing that didn't get this kind of attention that we're getting. Is the attention good or bad? When you open the CD, it's a picture of us with these cameras. Wondering if it's good or bad.\" The lyrics for the album were written over various points in the band's early career, including unrecorded songs for the duo's debut album \" The White Stripes\" (1999) and Jack White's previous band Two-Star Tabernacle. Some material for \"White Blood Cells\" was also inspired by Jack White and the Bricks, a side-project formed in 1999. Regarding the four-year time span in writing for the record, Jack White said \"It was cool because a lot of things had been sitting around for a long time, stuff I had written on piano that had been just sitting around not doing anything. And it was good to put them all together at once, put them all in the same box and see what happened. \" All material on the album is original, a contrast to numerous covers on the band's first two efforts. The lyrics relate and touch upon subjects of love, hope, betrayal, and paranoia, brought on by the increasing media attention the duo began receiving. A common theme throughout the record is the morality of persistent attention, most prevalently profiled in \"Little Room\". \"", "Jack White (film producer) Jack White (born Jacob Weiss, March 2, 1897 \u2013 April 10, 1984) was a Hungarian-born American film producer, director and writer. His career in the film industry began in the late 1910s and continued until the early 1960s. White produced over 300 films; directed more than 60 of these, and wrote more than 50. He directed some of his sound comedies under the pseudonym \"Preston Black.\" Immigrating to America from Hungary in 1905, White and his family lived in Hollywood, California. A nearby stable was used to engage in the new business of motion pictures. Jack and his three brothers, Jules White, Sam White, and Ben White rode horses as extras in outdoor westerns. This was the start of the brothers' movie careers; they became directors and/or producers. The fourth brother, Ben White, became a cameraman. While still a teenager, Jack White became the leading producer for Educational Pictures, making very popular comedy shorts with Lloyd Hamilton, Lupino Lane, Lige Conley, and Al St. John. In 1926, White produced a comedy short for Educational Pictures, \"The Radio Bug\", directed by Stephen Roberts in both a silent and Phonofilm version. Also in 1926, Jack White hired one of his younger brothers, Jules White, as a film editor. By the 1930s Jules had eclipsed Jack as a leading producer of comedy short subjects, largely with the Three Stooges. In 1935 Jules hired Jack as a writer and director. Jack's first Stooges film was \"Ants in the Pantry\" (1936); he worked in Columbia's shorts department through 1937. He rejoined the unit briefly in the early 1940s before serving in the military, then returned to Columbia for good in 1951. During the 1950s, rising production costs forced Columbia to economize, and reuse sequences from older pictures.", "Jack White's Inn Jack White \u2019s Inn is a pub and restaurant in Brittas Bay, County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on N11 road, in a zone where the Irish smuggler and pirate Jack White used to operate, in the coast denominated Jack Moloney\u2019s Hole. The pub\u2019s name is a reference to Jack White, an Irish pirate that lived at the turn of the 18th century, reputed to be a first class smuggler. Jack White arranged shipment of Wicklow wool to be sent abroad to France in exchange for brandy, wine and French luxury goods. He operated in a place so called \u2018Jack\u2019s Hole\u2019, where now Jack White\u2019s Inn is located, in Brittas Bay. After a falling out occurred over a particularly rich cargo of clandestine goods, Jack White was tried by some of his regular clients -high class gentlemen- and sentenced to death. There is a reputed copy of an arrest warrant on the wall of Jack White\u2019s Inn. In 1996, Jack White\u2019s Inn was the scene of one of the most famous Irish murders. On the 16th of March of that year Tom Nevin, co-owner of the pub, was shot dead while counting the takings of the Bank Holiday Weekend. In a supposed botched robbery attempt, he was killed by a single shotgun blast. Catherine Nevin, Tom Nevin\u2019s wife and also owner of the pub, was suspected of having hired three men to murder her husband. She was tried by a jury of six men and six women, and found guilty on 11 April 2000, after five days of deliberation, \u201ca record in Irish legal history\". She was convicted for the murder and for soliciting three men (William McClean, Gerry Heapes and John Jones) to contract kill her husband.", "Joe Emmer House The Joe Emmer House was a historic house in rural northern White County, Arkansas. It was located on County Road 47, northwest of the Holly Springs Church. It was a single-story single-pen log structure, with a side gable roof and a shed-roof porch across the front. The logs were hand-hewn and joined by dovetailed notches. A frame addition extended the building to the west. The house was built c. 1890, and was one of about thirty such houses remaining in the county. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. It has been listed as destroyed in the Arkansas Historic Preservation Program database.", "Jack White (footballer, born 1924) John \"Jack\" White (17 March 1924 - July 2011) was an English footballer who played as a centre half. He made over 420 Football League appearances in the years after the Second World War. \"Jack\" White a former miner played locally for Broadworth Main and Frickley Colliery in Yorkshire. White signed for Aldershot from Sheffield FC in July 1944. Pat Beasley signed White in October 1952 from Aldershot for \u00a35,300 for Bristol City. Jack White immediately displaced Dennis Roberts both at the heart of the defence and as captain of the side. Jack White made his Bristol City debut at centre half in a 4\u20130 win v Gillingham on 11 October 1952. Bristol City briefly reached 2nd place during the 1952\u201353 season but finished in 5th position. White made 33 appearances scoring 4 goals in his first season with Bristol City. The following season 1953\u201354 Bristol City rose to 3rd place as Jack White initially played a mixture of centre half and left back when Dennis Roberts returned to the side. He spent the second half of that season at left half when Ernie Peacock and Terry Compton held the centre half position. White made 40 appearances scoring 3 goals including one goal in a 5\u20132 win at Aldershot. Jack White captained Bristol City to the Third Division South championship in 1954\u201355 when White was ever present making 46 appearances scoring 2 goals whilst playing in all three half back positions. In the Second Division in 1955\u201356 Jack White made 41 appearances scoring 1 goal missing only one match and playing mainly at right half alongside Peacock at centre half and Cyril Williams at left half. Jack White was the regular right half then centre half when Peacock was missing in 1956\u201357. White made 37 appearances scoring 1 goal with Bristol City a mid table Second Division side."], "answer": {"text": "he \"created more challenges by playing an acoustic guitar with paper taped over the hole and a less-than-high-quality solid body electric.\"", "answer_start": 729}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Jack White become a minimalist?", "answer": {"text": "Beginning in the fifth grade,", "answer_start": 88, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he choose this?", "answer": {"text": "he and his childhood friend, Dominic Suchyta, would listen to records in White's attic on weekends", "answer_start": 118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does it mean to him?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "White showcases his minimalist style by constructing a guitar built out of a plank of wood, three nails, a glass Coke bottle, a guitar string, and a pickup.", "answer_start": 1156, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he create other things as well?", "answer": {"text": "a Neve mixing console, and two Studer A800 2-inch 8-track tape recorders.", "answer_start": 1018, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there other aspects of his lifestyle you find interesting?", "answer": {"text": "In particular, White became distinguished for his nasal vocal delivery and loose, explosive guitar delivery.", "answer_start": 506, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_77a15c6a424e42738b58d23c7888afc8_1_q#8", "question": "Are there more eccentricities about him?", "rewrite": "Are there any eccentricities about Jack White?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Jack White (footballer, born 1924) John \"Jack\" White (17 March 1924 - July 2011) was an English footballer who played as a centre half. He made over 420 Football League appearances in the years after the Second World War. \"Jack\" White a former miner played locally for Broadworth Main and Frickley Colliery in Yorkshire. White signed for Aldershot from Sheffield FC in July 1944. Pat Beasley signed White in October 1952 from Aldershot for \u00a35,300 for Bristol City. Jack White immediately displaced Dennis Roberts both at the heart of the defence and as captain of the side. Jack White made his Bristol City debut at centre half in a 4\u20130 win v Gillingham on 11 October 1952. Bristol City briefly reached 2nd place during the 1952\u201353 season but finished in 5th position. White made 33 appearances scoring 4 goals in his first season with Bristol City. The following season 1953\u201354 Bristol City rose to 3rd place as Jack White initially played a mixture of centre half and left back when Dennis Roberts returned to the side. He spent the second half of that season at left half when Ernie Peacock and Terry Compton held the centre half position. White made 40 appearances scoring 3 goals including one goal in a 5\u20132 win at Aldershot. Jack White captained Bristol City to the Third Division South championship in 1954\u201355 when White was ever present making 46 appearances scoring 2 goals whilst playing in all three half back positions. In the Second Division in 1955\u201356 Jack White made 41 appearances scoring 1 goal missing only one match and playing mainly at right half alongside Peacock at centre half and Cyril Williams at left half. Jack White was the regular right half then centre half when Peacock was missing in 1956\u201357. White made 37 appearances scoring 1 goal with Bristol City a mid table Second Division side.", "Jack White (film producer) Jack White (born Jacob Weiss, March 2, 1897 \u2013 April 10, 1984) was a Hungarian-born American film producer, director and writer. His career in the film industry began in the late 1910s and continued until the early 1960s. White produced over 300 films; directed more than 60 of these, and wrote more than 50. He directed some of his sound comedies under the pseudonym \"Preston Black.\" Immigrating to America from Hungary in 1905, White and his family lived in Hollywood, California. A nearby stable was used to engage in the new business of motion pictures. Jack and his three brothers, Jules White, Sam White, and Ben White rode horses as extras in outdoor westerns. This was the start of the brothers' movie careers; they became directors and/or producers. The fourth brother, Ben White, became a cameraman. While still a teenager, Jack White became the leading producer for Educational Pictures, making very popular comedy shorts with Lloyd Hamilton, Lupino Lane, Lige Conley, and Al St. John. In 1926, White produced a comedy short for Educational Pictures, \"The Radio Bug\", directed by Stephen Roberts in both a silent and Phonofilm version. Also in 1926, Jack White hired one of his younger brothers, Jules White, as a film editor. By the 1930s Jules had eclipsed Jack as a leading producer of comedy short subjects, largely with the Three Stooges. In 1935 Jules hired Jack as a writer and director. Jack's first Stooges film was \"Ants in the Pantry\" (1936); he worked in Columbia's shorts department through 1937. He rejoined the unit briefly in the early 1940s before serving in the military, then returned to Columbia for good in 1951. During the 1950s, rising production costs forced Columbia to economize, and reuse sequences from older pictures.", "In his final season with Bristol City Jack White made 20 appearances without scoring in 1957\u201358 under the new captain Tommy Burden. Jack White joined Cambridge City of the Southern League as player manager in April 1958. Cambridge City finished above Cambridge United in all three seasons playing in the South Eastern division in 1958\u201359, then finished 5th in the Premier Division in 1959\u201360 and 9th the following season. After three seasons White moved on to Wellington Town as manager. Wellington United were 13th in the Premier Division in 1961\u201362 and then as Wellington Town finished 6th in 1962\u201363. After retiring from football Jack White became a service engineer in Tonbridge with a firm run by Bristol City chairman Harry Dolman. He later worked for Tonbridge Printers and returned to Doncaster in 1978 to work as a labourer at Thorpe Marsh Power Station. He retired in March 1989 and was living in Tonbridge in 1997. Jack White's younger brother Len White (1930\u20131994) was also a professional footballer playing for Rotherham United, Newcastle United, Huddersfield Town and Stockport County. Len White made 245 appearances scoring 197 goals for Newcastle United. This the third highest career total of League goals for Newcastle United exceeded only by Jackie Milburn and Alan Shearer.", "Trumpet player Regulo Aldama, who appears on \"Conquest\", was discovered by Jack White at a local Mexican restaurant. Jack White said that the album would appeal to fans of the band's self-titled debut, suggesting a stripped-down garage rock sound. A statement on the band's official website (spuriously attributed to \"Kitayna Ireyna Tatanya Kerenska Alisof\" of the \"Moscow Bugle\", a reference to the 1966 \"Batman\" film) humorously claims that: \"Entertainment Weekly\"'s online site had an interview with Michel Gondry in which he said he would be directing a video for \"I'm Slowly Turning Into You\". He mentions the idea for the video. Gondry also says that the video idea came first, and after mentioning the idea to Jack White, White wrote the song to fit that idea. On May 30, 2007, Chicago radio station Q101 aired the entire album without the band's permission. Jack called into the station and reacted angrily about them playing it. There is speculation that the label supplied the album to the station in order to promote its release. In the liner notes of \"Icky Thump\", \"Electra\" is thanked on the second line, just after God. According to Ben Blackwell, Jack White's nephew, this is not directed towards the radio DJ, Electra, but to a pet Jack and Meg White used to have. The White Stripes announced the completion of \"Icky Thump\" on February 28, 2007. The title is derived from \"ecky thump\", a Lancashire colloquial response of surprise, popularized by an episode of the 1970s UK comedy series \"The Goodies\". On \"Later with Jools Holland\" (broadcast June 1, 2007)", "Jack White's Inn Jack White \u2019s Inn is a pub and restaurant in Brittas Bay, County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on N11 road, in a zone where the Irish smuggler and pirate Jack White used to operate, in the coast denominated Jack Moloney\u2019s Hole. The pub\u2019s name is a reference to Jack White, an Irish pirate that lived at the turn of the 18th century, reputed to be a first class smuggler. Jack White arranged shipment of Wicklow wool to be sent abroad to France in exchange for brandy, wine and French luxury goods. He operated in a place so called \u2018Jack\u2019s Hole\u2019, where now Jack White\u2019s Inn is located, in Brittas Bay. After a falling out occurred over a particularly rich cargo of clandestine goods, Jack White was tried by some of his regular clients -high class gentlemen- and sentenced to death. There is a reputed copy of an arrest warrant on the wall of Jack White\u2019s Inn. In 1996, Jack White\u2019s Inn was the scene of one of the most famous Irish murders. On the 16th of March of that year Tom Nevin, co-owner of the pub, was shot dead while counting the takings of the Bank Holiday Weekend. In a supposed botched robbery attempt, he was killed by a single shotgun blast. Catherine Nevin, Tom Nevin\u2019s wife and also owner of the pub, was suspected of having hired three men to murder her husband. She was tried by a jury of six men and six women, and found guilty on 11 April 2000, after five days of deliberation, \u201ca record in Irish legal history\". She was convicted for the murder and for soliciting three men (William McClean, Gerry Heapes and John Jones) to contract kill her husband."], "answer": {"text": "His home studio in Nashville contains two rooms", "answer_start": 869}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Jack White become a minimalist?", "answer": {"text": "Beginning in the fifth grade,", "answer_start": 88, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he choose this?", "answer": {"text": "he and his childhood friend, Dominic Suchyta, would listen to records in White's attic on weekends", "answer_start": 118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does it mean to him?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "White showcases his minimalist style by constructing a guitar built out of a plank of wood, three nails, a glass Coke bottle, a guitar string, and a pickup.", "answer_start": 1156, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he create other things as well?", "answer": {"text": "a Neve mixing console, and two Studer A800 2-inch 8-track tape recorders.", "answer_start": 1018, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there other aspects of his lifestyle you find interesting?", "answer": {"text": "In particular, White became distinguished for his nasal vocal delivery and loose, explosive guitar delivery.", "answer_start": 506, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is he known for?", "answer": {"text": "he \"created more challenges by playing an acoustic guitar with paper taped over the hole and a less-than-high-quality solid body electric.\"", "answer_start": 729, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did his unique style win him any recognitions?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_77a15c6a424e42738b58d23c7888afc8_0_q#0", "question": "Who has Jack White dated?", "rewrite": "Who has Jack White dated?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jack White (film producer) Jack White (born Jacob Weiss, March 2, 1897 \u2013 April 10, 1984) was a Hungarian-born American film producer, director and writer. His career in the film industry began in the late 1910s and continued until the early 1960s. White produced over 300 films; directed more than 60 of these, and wrote more than 50. He directed some of his sound comedies under the pseudonym \"Preston Black.\" Immigrating to America from Hungary in 1905, White and his family lived in Hollywood, California. A nearby stable was used to engage in the new business of motion pictures. Jack and his three brothers, Jules White, Sam White, and Ben White rode horses as extras in outdoor westerns. This was the start of the brothers' movie careers; they became directors and/or producers. The fourth brother, Ben White, became a cameraman. While still a teenager, Jack White became the leading producer for Educational Pictures, making very popular comedy shorts with Lloyd Hamilton, Lupino Lane, Lige Conley, and Al St. John. In 1926, White produced a comedy short for Educational Pictures, \"The Radio Bug\", directed by Stephen Roberts in both a silent and Phonofilm version. Also in 1926, Jack White hired one of his younger brothers, Jules White, as a film editor. By the 1930s Jules had eclipsed Jack as a leading producer of comedy short subjects, largely with the Three Stooges. In 1935 Jules hired Jack as a writer and director. Jack's first Stooges film was \"Ants in the Pantry\" (1936); he worked in Columbia's shorts department through 1937. He rejoined the unit briefly in the early 1940s before serving in the military, then returned to Columbia for good in 1951. During the 1950s, rising production costs forced Columbia to economize, and reuse sequences from older pictures.", "Jack White (footballer, born 1924) John \"Jack\" White (17 March 1924 - July 2011) was an English footballer who played as a centre half. He made over 420 Football League appearances in the years after the Second World War. \"Jack\" White a former miner played locally for Broadworth Main and Frickley Colliery in Yorkshire. White signed for Aldershot from Sheffield FC in July 1944. Pat Beasley signed White in October 1952 from Aldershot for \u00a35,300 for Bristol City. Jack White immediately displaced Dennis Roberts both at the heart of the defence and as captain of the side. Jack White made his Bristol City debut at centre half in a 4\u20130 win v Gillingham on 11 October 1952. Bristol City briefly reached 2nd place during the 1952\u201353 season but finished in 5th position. White made 33 appearances scoring 4 goals in his first season with Bristol City. The following season 1953\u201354 Bristol City rose to 3rd place as Jack White initially played a mixture of centre half and left back when Dennis Roberts returned to the side. He spent the second half of that season at left half when Ernie Peacock and Terry Compton held the centre half position. White made 40 appearances scoring 3 goals including one goal in a 5\u20132 win at Aldershot. Jack White captained Bristol City to the Third Division South championship in 1954\u201355 when White was ever present making 46 appearances scoring 2 goals whilst playing in all three half back positions. In the Second Division in 1955\u201356 Jack White made 41 appearances scoring 1 goal missing only one match and playing mainly at right half alongside Peacock at centre half and Cyril Williams at left half. Jack White was the regular right half then centre half when Peacock was missing in 1956\u201357. White made 37 appearances scoring 1 goal with Bristol City a mid table Second Division side.", "Trumpet player Regulo Aldama, who appears on \"Conquest\", was discovered by Jack White at a local Mexican restaurant. Jack White said that the album would appeal to fans of the band's self-titled debut, suggesting a stripped-down garage rock sound. A statement on the band's official website (spuriously attributed to \"Kitayna Ireyna Tatanya Kerenska Alisof\" of the \"Moscow Bugle\", a reference to the 1966 \"Batman\" film) humorously claims that: \"Entertainment Weekly\"'s online site had an interview with Michel Gondry in which he said he would be directing a video for \"I'm Slowly Turning Into You\". He mentions the idea for the video. Gondry also says that the video idea came first, and after mentioning the idea to Jack White, White wrote the song to fit that idea. On May 30, 2007, Chicago radio station Q101 aired the entire album without the band's permission. Jack called into the station and reacted angrily about them playing it. There is speculation that the label supplied the album to the station in order to promote its release. In the liner notes of \"Icky Thump\", \"Electra\" is thanked on the second line, just after God. According to Ben Blackwell, Jack White's nephew, this is not directed towards the radio DJ, Electra, but to a pet Jack and Meg White used to have. The White Stripes announced the completion of \"Icky Thump\" on February 28, 2007. The title is derived from \"ecky thump\", a Lancashire colloquial response of surprise, popularized by an episode of the 1970s UK comedy series \"The Goodies\". On \"Later with Jools Holland\" (broadcast June 1, 2007)", "In his final season with Bristol City Jack White made 20 appearances without scoring in 1957\u201358 under the new captain Tommy Burden. Jack White joined Cambridge City of the Southern League as player manager in April 1958. Cambridge City finished above Cambridge United in all three seasons playing in the South Eastern division in 1958\u201359, then finished 5th in the Premier Division in 1959\u201360 and 9th the following season. After three seasons White moved on to Wellington Town as manager. Wellington United were 13th in the Premier Division in 1961\u201362 and then as Wellington Town finished 6th in 1962\u201363. After retiring from football Jack White became a service engineer in Tonbridge with a firm run by Bristol City chairman Harry Dolman. He later worked for Tonbridge Printers and returned to Doncaster in 1978 to work as a labourer at Thorpe Marsh Power Station. He retired in March 1989 and was living in Tonbridge in 1997. Jack White's younger brother Len White (1930\u20131994) was also a professional footballer playing for Rotherham United, Newcastle United, Huddersfield Town and Stockport County. Len White made 245 appearances scoring 197 goals for Newcastle United. This the third highest career total of League goals for Newcastle United exceeded only by Jackie Milburn and Alan Shearer.", "Jack White's Inn Jack White \u2019s Inn is a pub and restaurant in Brittas Bay, County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on N11 road, in a zone where the Irish smuggler and pirate Jack White used to operate, in the coast denominated Jack Moloney\u2019s Hole. The pub\u2019s name is a reference to Jack White, an Irish pirate that lived at the turn of the 18th century, reputed to be a first class smuggler. Jack White arranged shipment of Wicklow wool to be sent abroad to France in exchange for brandy, wine and French luxury goods. He operated in a place so called \u2018Jack\u2019s Hole\u2019, where now Jack White\u2019s Inn is located, in Brittas Bay. After a falling out occurred over a particularly rich cargo of clandestine goods, Jack White was tried by some of his regular clients -high class gentlemen- and sentenced to death. There is a reputed copy of an arrest warrant on the wall of Jack White\u2019s Inn. In 1996, Jack White\u2019s Inn was the scene of one of the most famous Irish murders. On the 16th of March of that year Tom Nevin, co-owner of the pub, was shot dead while counting the takings of the Bank Holiday Weekend. In a supposed botched robbery attempt, he was killed by a single shotgun blast. Catherine Nevin, Tom Nevin\u2019s wife and also owner of the pub, was suspected of having hired three men to murder her husband. She was tried by a jury of six men and six women, and found guilty on 11 April 2000, after five days of deliberation, \u201ca record in Irish legal history\". She was convicted for the murder and for soliciting three men (William McClean, Gerry Heapes and John Jones) to contract kill her husband."], "answer": {"text": "Jack and Meg married on September 21, 1996 and divorced on March 24, 2000.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_77a15c6a424e42738b58d23c7888afc8_0_q#1", "question": "Who else has he dated?", "rewrite": "Besides his ex-wife Meg, who else has Jack White dated?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jack White (footballer, born 1924) John \"Jack\" White (17 March 1924 - July 2011) was an English footballer who played as a centre half. He made over 420 Football League appearances in the years after the Second World War. \"Jack\" White a former miner played locally for Broadworth Main and Frickley Colliery in Yorkshire. White signed for Aldershot from Sheffield FC in July 1944. Pat Beasley signed White in October 1952 from Aldershot for \u00a35,300 for Bristol City. Jack White immediately displaced Dennis Roberts both at the heart of the defence and as captain of the side. Jack White made his Bristol City debut at centre half in a 4\u20130 win v Gillingham on 11 October 1952. Bristol City briefly reached 2nd place during the 1952\u201353 season but finished in 5th position. White made 33 appearances scoring 4 goals in his first season with Bristol City. The following season 1953\u201354 Bristol City rose to 3rd place as Jack White initially played a mixture of centre half and left back when Dennis Roberts returned to the side. He spent the second half of that season at left half when Ernie Peacock and Terry Compton held the centre half position. White made 40 appearances scoring 3 goals including one goal in a 5\u20132 win at Aldershot. Jack White captained Bristol City to the Third Division South championship in 1954\u201355 when White was ever present making 46 appearances scoring 2 goals whilst playing in all three half back positions. In the Second Division in 1955\u201356 Jack White made 41 appearances scoring 1 goal missing only one match and playing mainly at right half alongside Peacock at centre half and Cyril Williams at left half. Jack White was the regular right half then centre half when Peacock was missing in 1956\u201357. White made 37 appearances scoring 1 goal with Bristol City a mid table Second Division side.", "Jack White's Inn Jack White \u2019s Inn is a pub and restaurant in Brittas Bay, County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on N11 road, in a zone where the Irish smuggler and pirate Jack White used to operate, in the coast denominated Jack Moloney\u2019s Hole. The pub\u2019s name is a reference to Jack White, an Irish pirate that lived at the turn of the 18th century, reputed to be a first class smuggler. Jack White arranged shipment of Wicklow wool to be sent abroad to France in exchange for brandy, wine and French luxury goods. He operated in a place so called \u2018Jack\u2019s Hole\u2019, where now Jack White\u2019s Inn is located, in Brittas Bay. After a falling out occurred over a particularly rich cargo of clandestine goods, Jack White was tried by some of his regular clients -high class gentlemen- and sentenced to death. There is a reputed copy of an arrest warrant on the wall of Jack White\u2019s Inn. In 1996, Jack White\u2019s Inn was the scene of one of the most famous Irish murders. On the 16th of March of that year Tom Nevin, co-owner of the pub, was shot dead while counting the takings of the Bank Holiday Weekend. In a supposed botched robbery attempt, he was killed by a single shotgun blast. Catherine Nevin, Tom Nevin\u2019s wife and also owner of the pub, was suspected of having hired three men to murder her husband. She was tried by a jury of six men and six women, and found guilty on 11 April 2000, after five days of deliberation, \u201ca record in Irish legal history\". She was convicted for the murder and for soliciting three men (William McClean, Gerry Heapes and John Jones) to contract kill her husband.", "When Doreen and Kaiya make a picture for Will, he rips it up in front of them. Will continues to investigate the death of his wife Meg, he the discovers how his friend Fletch and Meg had a peculiar relationship. Will later discovers that his wife Meg had an abortion sometime before she died, Fletch had to help him come to his senses after he got so high on cocaine and nearly overdosed. Soon after, Will is blackmailed by Jacs Holt when he confronts her about catching Brayden and Debbie doing drugs. Will supports Bea during the death of her daughter Debbie. When Bea isn't allowed to see the body, Will visits Debbie and spends some time with her and passes on that Bea loves her. In the season one finale, Will listens to a recording of Jacs convincing Brayden to kill Debbie. When Will confronts Jacs, she manipulates him to delete the recording in return for information about Meg's murder. When Will and Fletch do a cell toss, Will finds Meg's bracelet in Jacs\u2019 cell but unknown to him Liz Birdsworth planted it there to protect Franky. A calmer Will returned for season two as he believed Meg's killer, Jacs Holt, had paid the ultimate price with her own life and moves on with prison nurse, Rose Atkins. Will gets quizzed by Joan Ferguson about his past as a social worker. Joan then tells him that the addiction programs would cease from that moment on. In Twist The Knife, Will learns that Fletch was having an affair with his wife Meg, Will brutually attacks Fletch in the boiler room during a prison lockdown. When Maxine Conway tries to escape prison, she is caught by Will. Will refuses to let Harry Smith see Bea, Harry then accuses Will of having an affair with Bea.", "To give an example, on the US CD edition Meg White is sitting on the left of a circus travel trunk and Jack is sitting on the right holding a cricket bat over the ground, while on the UK CD edition the cricket bat touches the ground and the image is mirrored so that their positions on the amplifier are reversed. The UK vinyl album cover is the same as the US CD but differs in that the color hues are much darker. The cryptic symbolism of the album art includes a skull sitting on the floor in the background, as well as peanuts and peanut shells in the foreground, and on the circus travel trunk appears the mark \"III,\" Jack White's signature. Jack White is also displaying a mano cornuta and looking at a light bulb intensely, while Meg White is barefoot and appears to be crying, with a rope tied around her ankle and leading out of frame. Both have small white ribbons tied to their fingers. On the reverse side of the U.S. edition, all of the number \" 3\"s are in red (disregarding the authorization notes at the bottom). The Record Store Day 2013 vinyl and August 2013 180-gram black vinyl reissues have Meg wearing a black dress instead of the usual white dress; the only other release with Meg wearing the black dress was on the V2 advanced copy back in 2003. The advanced copy was on red and white vinyl, while the RSD copy has red, black and white colored vinyl in 2013. In an interview with \"Q Magazine\" in 2007, Jack White said, \"If you study the picture carefully, Meg and I are elephant ears in a head-on elephant. But it's a side view of an elephant, too, with the tusks leading off either side.\"", "Meg White Megan Martha White (born December 10, 1974) is an American drummer and occasional singer known for her work with Jack White in the Detroit rock duo The White Stripes. Her music career began when, on an impulse, she played on Jack's drums in 1997. Jack was deeply inspired by her minimalist and un-schooled drumming style. The two decided to form a band and began performing two months later. The duo named themselves The White Stripes because of their last name and Meg's fondness for peppermint candy. The band quickly became a Detroit underground favorite before reaching national, then international fame. White has been nominated for various awards as a part of the White Stripes, and has received four Grammy Awards. Her drumming style has been called \"primal\" for its simplicity, and has drawn both praise and criticism. Her musical influences are wide and varied, with Bob Dylan being her favorite artist. White calls herself \"very shy\", and has kept a low public profile. Meg and Jack White publicly portrayed themselves as siblings. However, public records emerged in 2001 that indicated Meg and Jack were not related and in fact had married in 1996, prior to the band's formation. They divorced in 2000, before The White Stripes ascended to international fame. In 2009, she married guitarist Jackson Smith, son of musicians Patti Smith and Fred \"Sonic\" Smith. They divorced in 2013. While on tour in support for The White Stripes' sixth studio album, \"Icky Thump\", White suffered a bout of acute anxiety, and the remaining dates of the tour were cancelled. After a few public appearances, and a hiatus from recording, The White Stripes announced in February 2011 that they would be disbanding. White has not been active in the music industry since."], "answer": {"text": "he had a brief relationship with actress Renee Zellweger, whom he met during the filming of Cold Mountain.", "answer_start": 84}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who has Jack White dated?", "answer": {"text": "Jack and Meg married on September 21, 1996 and divorced on March 24, 2000.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_77a15c6a424e42738b58d23c7888afc8_0_q#2", "question": "Has he remarried?", "rewrite": "Has Jack White remarried after divorcing Meg?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Jack White's Inn Jack White \u2019s Inn is a pub and restaurant in Brittas Bay, County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on N11 road, in a zone where the Irish smuggler and pirate Jack White used to operate, in the coast denominated Jack Moloney\u2019s Hole. The pub\u2019s name is a reference to Jack White, an Irish pirate that lived at the turn of the 18th century, reputed to be a first class smuggler. Jack White arranged shipment of Wicklow wool to be sent abroad to France in exchange for brandy, wine and French luxury goods. He operated in a place so called \u2018Jack\u2019s Hole\u2019, where now Jack White\u2019s Inn is located, in Brittas Bay. After a falling out occurred over a particularly rich cargo of clandestine goods, Jack White was tried by some of his regular clients -high class gentlemen- and sentenced to death. There is a reputed copy of an arrest warrant on the wall of Jack White\u2019s Inn. In 1996, Jack White\u2019s Inn was the scene of one of the most famous Irish murders. On the 16th of March of that year Tom Nevin, co-owner of the pub, was shot dead while counting the takings of the Bank Holiday Weekend. In a supposed botched robbery attempt, he was killed by a single shotgun blast. Catherine Nevin, Tom Nevin\u2019s wife and also owner of the pub, was suspected of having hired three men to murder her husband. She was tried by a jury of six men and six women, and found guilty on 11 April 2000, after five days of deliberation, \u201ca record in Irish legal history\". She was convicted for the murder and for soliciting three men (William McClean, Gerry Heapes and John Jones) to contract kill her husband.", "Meg White Megan Martha White (born December 10, 1974) is an American drummer and occasional singer known for her work with Jack White in the Detroit rock duo The White Stripes. Her music career began when, on an impulse, she played on Jack's drums in 1997. Jack was deeply inspired by her minimalist and un-schooled drumming style. The two decided to form a band and began performing two months later. The duo named themselves The White Stripes because of their last name and Meg's fondness for peppermint candy. The band quickly became a Detroit underground favorite before reaching national, then international fame. White has been nominated for various awards as a part of the White Stripes, and has received four Grammy Awards. Her drumming style has been called \"primal\" for its simplicity, and has drawn both praise and criticism. Her musical influences are wide and varied, with Bob Dylan being her favorite artist. White calls herself \"very shy\", and has kept a low public profile. Meg and Jack White publicly portrayed themselves as siblings. However, public records emerged in 2001 that indicated Meg and Jack were not related and in fact had married in 1996, prior to the band's formation. They divorced in 2000, before The White Stripes ascended to international fame. In 2009, she married guitarist Jackson Smith, son of musicians Patti Smith and Fred \"Sonic\" Smith. They divorced in 2013. While on tour in support for The White Stripes' sixth studio album, \"Icky Thump\", White suffered a bout of acute anxiety, and the remaining dates of the tour were cancelled. After a few public appearances, and a hiatus from recording, The White Stripes announced in February 2011 that they would be disbanding. White has not been active in the music industry since.", "Jack White (footballer, born 1924) John \"Jack\" White (17 March 1924 - July 2011) was an English footballer who played as a centre half. He made over 420 Football League appearances in the years after the Second World War. \"Jack\" White a former miner played locally for Broadworth Main and Frickley Colliery in Yorkshire. White signed for Aldershot from Sheffield FC in July 1944. Pat Beasley signed White in October 1952 from Aldershot for \u00a35,300 for Bristol City. Jack White immediately displaced Dennis Roberts both at the heart of the defence and as captain of the side. Jack White made his Bristol City debut at centre half in a 4\u20130 win v Gillingham on 11 October 1952. Bristol City briefly reached 2nd place during the 1952\u201353 season but finished in 5th position. White made 33 appearances scoring 4 goals in his first season with Bristol City. The following season 1953\u201354 Bristol City rose to 3rd place as Jack White initially played a mixture of centre half and left back when Dennis Roberts returned to the side. He spent the second half of that season at left half when Ernie Peacock and Terry Compton held the centre half position. White made 40 appearances scoring 3 goals including one goal in a 5\u20132 win at Aldershot. Jack White captained Bristol City to the Third Division South championship in 1954\u201355 when White was ever present making 46 appearances scoring 2 goals whilst playing in all three half back positions. In the Second Division in 1955\u201356 Jack White made 41 appearances scoring 1 goal missing only one match and playing mainly at right half alongside Peacock at centre half and Cyril Williams at left half. Jack White was the regular right half then centre half when Peacock was missing in 1956\u201357. White made 37 appearances scoring 1 goal with Bristol City a mid table Second Division side.", "The White Stripes (album) The White Stripes is the debut studio album by American rock duo the White Stripes, released on June 15, 1999. The album was produced by Jim Diamond and vocalist/guitarist Jack White, recorded in January 1999 at Ghetto Recorders and Third Man Studios in Detroit. White dedicated the album to deceased blues musician Son House. Johnny Walker of the Soledad Brothers played slide guitar on two songs: \"Suzy Lee\" and \"I Fought Piranhas\". Walker is credited with having taught Jack White how to play slide, a technique featured heavily on the White Stripes' first two albums. Walker explains, \"[Jack] had a four track in his living room and invited me to come by and do some recording. In return, I showed him how to play slide.\" The duo covered \"St. James Infirmary Blues\" after, according to Jack, he and Meg were introduced to the song from a \"Betty Boop\" cartoon. The album received mostly positive reviews. Norene Cashen of \"The Metro Times\" said the LP \"serves better to remind us that [Detroit's] local identity has more options than a membership card to the latest clich\u00e9...or a one-way ticket to the coast.\" Much of the media feedback came two or three years later its initial release, after the duo's fame spread beyond Detroit. AllMusic said of the album, \"Jack White's voice is a singular, evocative combination of punk, metal, blues, and backwoods while his guitar work is grand and banging with just enough lyrical touches of slide and subtle solo work... Meg White balances out the fretwork and the fretting with methodical, spare, and booming cymbal, bass drum, and snare...", "To give an example, on the US CD edition Meg White is sitting on the left of a circus travel trunk and Jack is sitting on the right holding a cricket bat over the ground, while on the UK CD edition the cricket bat touches the ground and the image is mirrored so that their positions on the amplifier are reversed. The UK vinyl album cover is the same as the US CD but differs in that the color hues are much darker. The cryptic symbolism of the album art includes a skull sitting on the floor in the background, as well as peanuts and peanut shells in the foreground, and on the circus travel trunk appears the mark \"III,\" Jack White's signature. Jack White is also displaying a mano cornuta and looking at a light bulb intensely, while Meg White is barefoot and appears to be crying, with a rope tied around her ankle and leading out of frame. Both have small white ribbons tied to their fingers. On the reverse side of the U.S. edition, all of the number \" 3\"s are in red (disregarding the authorization notes at the bottom). The Record Store Day 2013 vinyl and August 2013 180-gram black vinyl reissues have Meg wearing a black dress instead of the usual white dress; the only other release with Meg wearing the black dress was on the V2 advanced copy back in 2003. The advanced copy was on red and white vinyl, while the RSD copy has red, black and white colored vinyl in 2013. In an interview with \"Q Magazine\" in 2007, Jack White said, \"If you study the picture carefully, Meg and I are elephant ears in a head-on elephant. But it's a side view of an elephant, too, with the tusks leading off either side.\""], "answer": {"text": "White met British model Karen Elson when she appeared in The White Stripes music video for \"Blue Orchid\".", "answer_start": 462}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who has Jack White dated?", "answer": {"text": "Jack and Meg married on September 21, 1996 and divorced on March 24, 2000.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else has he dated?", "answer": {"text": "he had a brief relationship with actress Renee Zellweger, whom he met during the filming of Cold Mountain.", "answer_start": 84, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_77a15c6a424e42738b58d23c7888afc8_0_q#3", "question": "How long were they married?", "rewrite": "How long were Jack White and Karen Elson married?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jack and Meg married on September 21, 1996 and divorced on March 24, 2000. In 2003, he had a brief relationship with actress Renee Zellweger, whom he met during the filming of Cold Mountain. That summer, the couple were in a car accident in which White broke his left index finger and was forced to reschedule much of the summer tour. He posted the footage of his finger surgery on the web for fans. White and Zellweger's breakup became public in December 2004. White met British model Karen Elson when she appeared in The White Stripes music video for \"Blue Orchid\". The video's director, Floria Sigismondi, noted \"you sensed an energy between them\". They married on June 1, 2005, in Manaus, Brazil. The wedding took place in a canoe on the Amazon River and was officiated by a shaman. A Roman Catholic priest later convalidated their marriage. Manager Ian Montone was the best man and Meg White was the maid of honor. Official wedding announcements stated that \"it was the first marriage\" for both. In 2006, the couple had a daughter Scarlett Teresa. Their second child, son Henry Lee, was born in 2007. The family resided in Brentwood, a suburb south of Nashville, where Elson managed a vintage clothing store called Venus & Mars. Elson provided vocals on White's first solo record. The couple announced their intention to divorce in June 2011, throwing \"a positive swing bang humdinger\" party to commemorate the split. On July 22, 2013, a Nashville judge barred White from having \"any contact with Karen Elson whatsoever except as it relates to parenting time with the parties' minor children.\"", "Kate Elson Kate Elson (born 14 January 1979) is a British model and filmmaker. She is the twin sister of fashion model Karen Elson. Elson was born in Oldham, Greater Manchester. As a child, she went to North Chadderton School in Chadderton with her twin sister, model Karen Elson. Kate began her modelling career in 1995 when she and her sister were scouted by Boss Model Management in Manchester. Elson has walked the runways for some of the top fashion designers including Balenciaga, Lagerfeld Gallery, Moschino, Betsey Johnson, Jill Stuart, Julien MacDonald, Dolce & Gabbana, Matthew Williamson, Marc by Marc Jacobs, and DKNY. She has appeared in international campaigns for Anne Klein, Banana Republic, Blumarine, Cacharel, Pringle of Scotland, and Prada. She has also been on the covers of many international magazines such as \"Blvd.\", \"Marie Claire\", \"Amica\". Elson is currently represented by Boss Models and Independent Talent Group Ltd.. In the past, Elson has been represented by Models 1, Beatrice Models, Ford Models NYC, Ford Models Los Angeles, and Munich Models. In 2001, Elson took part of the SHOWstudio project, \"Sleep\". The object was to take nine top models and have them participate in the first global live fashion shoot: \"The girls were dressed by stylists, had their hair, make-up and nails groomed, and were put to bed in their separate hotel rooms. SHOWstudio viewers logged on at midnight and through the night as the models' gentle slumber and gradual dishevelment was recorded in a series of intimate stills.\"", "Edward L.R. Elson The Reverend Edward Lee Roy Elson (December 23, 1906 \u2013 August 25, 1993) was a Presbyterian minister and Chaplain of the United States Senate. Edward Lee Roy Elson, the oldest of nine children, was born in Ohio, to Leroy Elson, a locomotive engineer, and his wife, Pearl. Early on he was encouraged to study music and gave concerts in the Pittsburgh area on the cornet with his sister Hazel playing the piano. One of his favorite memories of high school was the time he and his sister gave a concert in the very early days of radio on KDKA, the pioneer radio station. Dr. Elson was educated at Asbury College in Wilmore, Kentucky, and then went to University of Southern California for a master's in theology. He married Frances Sandys, a fellow Asbury College student in 1929. At about the time of his ordination in 1930, he learned that his young wife had a very serious illness, and owing largely to this, he chose to go and serve at the La Jolla Presbyterian Church because of its proximity to the Scripps Clinic in La Jolla, California. His wife died three years later on his birthday. Having been invited to join the American Seminar in Europe and Russia, Elson took an eye-opening trip to Europe in the summer of 1936. Shortly after returning from Europe, Elson married Helen Chittick, a member of his church. After having been in the chaplain reserves for ten years, he resigned his position with the church and went on active duty with the Army in 1941, arriving in France in December 1944. Not long after, General Frank Wilburn requested that Elson be his personal representative at the execution by firing squad of a soldier for desertion.", "\"I'm Shakin'\", was released on October 10, and on October 30 the single was released digitally and on 7-inch vinyl with the B-side \"Blue on Two Trees\". Prior to the creation of \"Blunderbuss\", Jack White had been a member of the duo the White Stripes along with Meg White. In 2007, the band went on a tour after releasing the album \"Icky Thump\". In the midst of the tour, the band canceled its United States tour dates, citing Meg White's struggle with acute anxiety; shortly afterwards, the band canceled the remainder of its 2007 tour dates. The band then went on a hiatus, during which Jack White worked on various other projects. In 2008, the Raconteurs, of which White was a member, released its second album, \"Consolers of the Lonely\". The rock supergroup the Dead Weather, another band that included White, released its debut album \"Horehound\" in 2009 and \"Sea of Cowards\" in 2010. In addition, White produced Wanda Jackson's 2011 album \" The Party Ain't Over\". Ultimately, the White Stripes broke up in 2011. In June 2011, White and his wife Karen Elson, who provided backing vocals for \"Blunderbuss\", announced their intention to divorce and held a divorce party. Produced at Third Man Studio in Nashville, Tennessee, \"Blunderbuss\" has its roots in White's recordings with several artists under his label, Third Man Records, including Tom Jones and Wanda Jackson. During these recordings, White learned to direct groups with as many as 12 people, more than he had directed under his previous musical projects. White started recording his own songs as a result of Wu-Tang Clan member RZA's last-minute cancellation of his attendance of a session that White had planned.", "Jack White (footballer, born 1924) John \"Jack\" White (17 March 1924 - July 2011) was an English footballer who played as a centre half. He made over 420 Football League appearances in the years after the Second World War. \"Jack\" White a former miner played locally for Broadworth Main and Frickley Colliery in Yorkshire. White signed for Aldershot from Sheffield FC in July 1944. Pat Beasley signed White in October 1952 from Aldershot for \u00a35,300 for Bristol City. Jack White immediately displaced Dennis Roberts both at the heart of the defence and as captain of the side. Jack White made his Bristol City debut at centre half in a 4\u20130 win v Gillingham on 11 October 1952. Bristol City briefly reached 2nd place during the 1952\u201353 season but finished in 5th position. White made 33 appearances scoring 4 goals in his first season with Bristol City. The following season 1953\u201354 Bristol City rose to 3rd place as Jack White initially played a mixture of centre half and left back when Dennis Roberts returned to the side. He spent the second half of that season at left half when Ernie Peacock and Terry Compton held the centre half position. White made 40 appearances scoring 3 goals including one goal in a 5\u20132 win at Aldershot. Jack White captained Bristol City to the Third Division South championship in 1954\u201355 when White was ever present making 46 appearances scoring 2 goals whilst playing in all three half back positions. In the Second Division in 1955\u201356 Jack White made 41 appearances scoring 1 goal missing only one match and playing mainly at right half alongside Peacock at centre half and Cyril Williams at left half. Jack White was the regular right half then centre half when Peacock was missing in 1956\u201357. White made 37 appearances scoring 1 goal with Bristol City a mid table Second Division side."], "answer": {"text": "They married on June 1, 2005, in Manaus, Brazil.", "answer_start": 652}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who has Jack White dated?", "answer": {"text": "Jack and Meg married on September 21, 1996 and divorced on March 24, 2000.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else has he dated?", "answer": {"text": "he had a brief relationship with actress Renee Zellweger, whom he met during the filming of Cold Mountain.", "answer_start": 84, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has he remarried?", "answer": {"text": "White met British model Karen Elson when she appeared in The White Stripes music video for \"Blue Orchid\".", "answer_start": 462, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_77a15c6a424e42738b58d23c7888afc8_0_q#4", "question": "Are they still married?", "rewrite": "Are Jack White and Karen Elson still married?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Blue Orchid \"Blue Orchid\" is the first track by the American alternative rock band The White Stripes from their album \" Get Behind Me Satan\", and the first single to be released from the album. Commercially, the song topped the Canadian Singles Chart in June 2005 and reached the top 10 in the United Kingdom, peaking at number nine on the UK Singles Chart the same month. In the United States, the song reached number 43 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number seven on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. Elsewhere, the song was a top-twenty hit in Denmark and Norway. The recorded sound is produced by playing a guitar into an Electro-Harmonix creation, the Polyphonic Octave Generator (POG). Live, the sound is produced by a bass-rich guitar tone, used in combination with Whammy Pedal and the POG to create the heavily metallic sounding breaks of the song (\"How dare you, how old are you now anyway\" and \"get behind me, get behind me now anyway\".). The single comes in three editions, each with different additional tracks. All three covers feature two people dressed up as The White Stripes, but are noticeably different people. The first CD and the 7\" feature the couple in the same order as \"Get Behind Me Satan,\" with 'Jack' on the right. The second CD version features 'Jack' on the left. In an NPR interview, Jack White referred to \"Blue Orchid\" as the song that saved the album. He has denied that the song relates to the ending of his relationship with Ren\u00e9e Zellweger. The video for \"Blue Orchid\" was on Yahoo! 's Top Twenty Scariest Music Videos of all Time, charting at number 13. It features Karen Elson, a model who would marry Jack White soon after the shoot.", "Jack and Meg married on September 21, 1996 and divorced on March 24, 2000. In 2003, he had a brief relationship with actress Renee Zellweger, whom he met during the filming of Cold Mountain. That summer, the couple were in a car accident in which White broke his left index finger and was forced to reschedule much of the summer tour. He posted the footage of his finger surgery on the web for fans. White and Zellweger's breakup became public in December 2004. White met British model Karen Elson when she appeared in The White Stripes music video for \"Blue Orchid\". The video's director, Floria Sigismondi, noted \"you sensed an energy between them\". They married on June 1, 2005, in Manaus, Brazil. The wedding took place in a canoe on the Amazon River and was officiated by a shaman. A Roman Catholic priest later convalidated their marriage. Manager Ian Montone was the best man and Meg White was the maid of honor. Official wedding announcements stated that \"it was the first marriage\" for both. In 2006, the couple had a daughter Scarlett Teresa. Their second child, son Henry Lee, was born in 2007. The family resided in Brentwood, a suburb south of Nashville, where Elson managed a vintage clothing store called Venus & Mars. Elson provided vocals on White's first solo record. The couple announced their intention to divorce in June 2011, throwing \"a positive swing bang humdinger\" party to commemorate the split. On July 22, 2013, a Nashville judge barred White from having \"any contact with Karen Elson whatsoever except as it relates to parenting time with the parties' minor children.\"", "\"I'm Shakin'\", was released on October 10, and on October 30 the single was released digitally and on 7-inch vinyl with the B-side \"Blue on Two Trees\". Prior to the creation of \"Blunderbuss\", Jack White had been a member of the duo the White Stripes along with Meg White. In 2007, the band went on a tour after releasing the album \"Icky Thump\". In the midst of the tour, the band canceled its United States tour dates, citing Meg White's struggle with acute anxiety; shortly afterwards, the band canceled the remainder of its 2007 tour dates. The band then went on a hiatus, during which Jack White worked on various other projects. In 2008, the Raconteurs, of which White was a member, released its second album, \"Consolers of the Lonely\". The rock supergroup the Dead Weather, another band that included White, released its debut album \"Horehound\" in 2009 and \"Sea of Cowards\" in 2010. In addition, White produced Wanda Jackson's 2011 album \" The Party Ain't Over\". Ultimately, the White Stripes broke up in 2011. In June 2011, White and his wife Karen Elson, who provided backing vocals for \"Blunderbuss\", announced their intention to divorce and held a divorce party. Produced at Third Man Studio in Nashville, Tennessee, \"Blunderbuss\" has its roots in White's recordings with several artists under his label, Third Man Records, including Tom Jones and Wanda Jackson. During these recordings, White learned to direct groups with as many as 12 people, more than he had directed under his previous musical projects. White started recording his own songs as a result of Wu-Tang Clan member RZA's last-minute cancellation of his attendance of a session that White had planned.", "Kate Elson Kate Elson (born 14 January 1979) is a British model and filmmaker. She is the twin sister of fashion model Karen Elson. Elson was born in Oldham, Greater Manchester. As a child, she went to North Chadderton School in Chadderton with her twin sister, model Karen Elson. Kate began her modelling career in 1995 when she and her sister were scouted by Boss Model Management in Manchester. Elson has walked the runways for some of the top fashion designers including Balenciaga, Lagerfeld Gallery, Moschino, Betsey Johnson, Jill Stuart, Julien MacDonald, Dolce & Gabbana, Matthew Williamson, Marc by Marc Jacobs, and DKNY. She has appeared in international campaigns for Anne Klein, Banana Republic, Blumarine, Cacharel, Pringle of Scotland, and Prada. She has also been on the covers of many international magazines such as \"Blvd.\", \"Marie Claire\", \"Amica\". Elson is currently represented by Boss Models and Independent Talent Group Ltd.. In the past, Elson has been represented by Models 1, Beatrice Models, Ford Models NYC, Ford Models Los Angeles, and Munich Models. In 2001, Elson took part of the SHOWstudio project, \"Sleep\". The object was to take nine top models and have them participate in the first global live fashion shoot: \"The girls were dressed by stylists, had their hair, make-up and nails groomed, and were put to bed in their separate hotel rooms. SHOWstudio viewers logged on at midnight and through the night as the models' gentle slumber and gradual dishevelment was recorded in a series of intimate stills.\"", "Jack White (footballer, born 1924) John \"Jack\" White (17 March 1924 - July 2011) was an English footballer who played as a centre half. He made over 420 Football League appearances in the years after the Second World War. \"Jack\" White a former miner played locally for Broadworth Main and Frickley Colliery in Yorkshire. White signed for Aldershot from Sheffield FC in July 1944. Pat Beasley signed White in October 1952 from Aldershot for \u00a35,300 for Bristol City. Jack White immediately displaced Dennis Roberts both at the heart of the defence and as captain of the side. Jack White made his Bristol City debut at centre half in a 4\u20130 win v Gillingham on 11 October 1952. Bristol City briefly reached 2nd place during the 1952\u201353 season but finished in 5th position. White made 33 appearances scoring 4 goals in his first season with Bristol City. The following season 1953\u201354 Bristol City rose to 3rd place as Jack White initially played a mixture of centre half and left back when Dennis Roberts returned to the side. He spent the second half of that season at left half when Ernie Peacock and Terry Compton held the centre half position. White made 40 appearances scoring 3 goals including one goal in a 5\u20132 win at Aldershot. Jack White captained Bristol City to the Third Division South championship in 1954\u201355 when White was ever present making 46 appearances scoring 2 goals whilst playing in all three half back positions. In the Second Division in 1955\u201356 Jack White made 41 appearances scoring 1 goal missing only one match and playing mainly at right half alongside Peacock at centre half and Cyril Williams at left half. Jack White was the regular right half then centre half when Peacock was missing in 1956\u201357. White made 37 appearances scoring 1 goal with Bristol City a mid table Second Division side."], "answer": {"text": "The couple announced their intention to divorce in June 2011, throwing \"a positive swing bang humdinger\" party to commemorate the split.", "answer_start": 1286}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who has Jack White dated?", "answer": {"text": "Jack and Meg married on September 21, 1996 and divorced on March 24, 2000.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else has he dated?", "answer": {"text": "he had a brief relationship with actress Renee Zellweger, whom he met during the filming of Cold Mountain.", "answer_start": 84, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has he remarried?", "answer": {"text": "White met British model Karen Elson when she appeared in The White Stripes music video for \"Blue Orchid\".", "answer_start": 462, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long were they married?", "answer": {"text": "They married on June 1, 2005, in Manaus, Brazil.", "answer_start": 652, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_77a15c6a424e42738b58d23c7888afc8_0_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Jack White's marriages, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Jack White (film producer) Jack White (born Jacob Weiss, March 2, 1897 \u2013 April 10, 1984) was a Hungarian-born American film producer, director and writer. His career in the film industry began in the late 1910s and continued until the early 1960s. White produced over 300 films; directed more than 60 of these, and wrote more than 50. He directed some of his sound comedies under the pseudonym \"Preston Black.\" Immigrating to America from Hungary in 1905, White and his family lived in Hollywood, California. A nearby stable was used to engage in the new business of motion pictures. Jack and his three brothers, Jules White, Sam White, and Ben White rode horses as extras in outdoor westerns. This was the start of the brothers' movie careers; they became directors and/or producers. The fourth brother, Ben White, became a cameraman. While still a teenager, Jack White became the leading producer for Educational Pictures, making very popular comedy shorts with Lloyd Hamilton, Lupino Lane, Lige Conley, and Al St. John. In 1926, White produced a comedy short for Educational Pictures, \"The Radio Bug\", directed by Stephen Roberts in both a silent and Phonofilm version. Also in 1926, Jack White hired one of his younger brothers, Jules White, as a film editor. By the 1930s Jules had eclipsed Jack as a leading producer of comedy short subjects, largely with the Three Stooges. In 1935 Jules hired Jack as a writer and director. Jack's first Stooges film was \"Ants in the Pantry\" (1936); he worked in Columbia's shorts department through 1937. He rejoined the unit briefly in the early 1940s before serving in the military, then returned to Columbia for good in 1951. During the 1950s, rising production costs forced Columbia to economize, and reuse sequences from older pictures.", "Trumpet player Regulo Aldama, who appears on \"Conquest\", was discovered by Jack White at a local Mexican restaurant. Jack White said that the album would appeal to fans of the band's self-titled debut, suggesting a stripped-down garage rock sound. A statement on the band's official website (spuriously attributed to \"Kitayna Ireyna Tatanya Kerenska Alisof\" of the \"Moscow Bugle\", a reference to the 1966 \"Batman\" film) humorously claims that: \"Entertainment Weekly\"'s online site had an interview with Michel Gondry in which he said he would be directing a video for \"I'm Slowly Turning Into You\". He mentions the idea for the video. Gondry also says that the video idea came first, and after mentioning the idea to Jack White, White wrote the song to fit that idea. On May 30, 2007, Chicago radio station Q101 aired the entire album without the band's permission. Jack called into the station and reacted angrily about them playing it. There is speculation that the label supplied the album to the station in order to promote its release. In the liner notes of \"Icky Thump\", \"Electra\" is thanked on the second line, just after God. According to Ben Blackwell, Jack White's nephew, this is not directed towards the radio DJ, Electra, but to a pet Jack and Meg White used to have. The White Stripes announced the completion of \"Icky Thump\" on February 28, 2007. The title is derived from \"ecky thump\", a Lancashire colloquial response of surprise, popularized by an episode of the 1970s UK comedy series \"The Goodies\". On \"Later with Jools Holland\" (broadcast June 1, 2007)", "He habitually uses false names, including Jack's, when picking up women for one-night stands so that he might better forestall any attempts by such women to pursue a relationship, although the tactic backfired in \"Will the Real Jack Tripper...\" when a woman whom Larry impregnated was able to locate him because Jack's address and phone number were in the phone book (Larry's initial reaction was disgust at Jack for being \"dumb\" enough to allow such information to be available to the public). Larry is also constantly in debt, often owing Jack money. In one episode, when being questioned by his landlord Mr. Roper, Larry claimed to have served four years in the United States Marine Corps. Larry is of Greek descent, though this fact and his original last name are mentioned only in the episode where Jack opens Jack's Bistro, in which Larry explains that he shortened it to \"Dallas\" because he \"could never spell 'Dalliapoulos' \". Larry has the distinction of being the only other character besides Jack Tripper to appear on \"Three's Company\" and both of its spin-offs, \"The Ropers\" and \"Three's a Crowd\". When appearing on \"Three's a Crowd\" near the end of its single season, he states that he had moved to Bakersfield due to downturns in the used car business. Lana Shields was portrayed by Ann Wedgeworth. Lana Shields is a bosomy, amorous, three-time older divorcee who had an unrequited crush on Jack.", "Jack White's Inn Jack White \u2019s Inn is a pub and restaurant in Brittas Bay, County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on N11 road, in a zone where the Irish smuggler and pirate Jack White used to operate, in the coast denominated Jack Moloney\u2019s Hole. The pub\u2019s name is a reference to Jack White, an Irish pirate that lived at the turn of the 18th century, reputed to be a first class smuggler. Jack White arranged shipment of Wicklow wool to be sent abroad to France in exchange for brandy, wine and French luxury goods. He operated in a place so called \u2018Jack\u2019s Hole\u2019, where now Jack White\u2019s Inn is located, in Brittas Bay. After a falling out occurred over a particularly rich cargo of clandestine goods, Jack White was tried by some of his regular clients -high class gentlemen- and sentenced to death. There is a reputed copy of an arrest warrant on the wall of Jack White\u2019s Inn. In 1996, Jack White\u2019s Inn was the scene of one of the most famous Irish murders. On the 16th of March of that year Tom Nevin, co-owner of the pub, was shot dead while counting the takings of the Bank Holiday Weekend. In a supposed botched robbery attempt, he was killed by a single shotgun blast. Catherine Nevin, Tom Nevin\u2019s wife and also owner of the pub, was suspected of having hired three men to murder her husband. She was tried by a jury of six men and six women, and found guilty on 11 April 2000, after five days of deliberation, \u201ca record in Irish legal history\". She was convicted for the murder and for soliciting three men (William McClean, Gerry Heapes and John Jones) to contract kill her husband.", "Jack White (footballer, born 1924) John \"Jack\" White (17 March 1924 - July 2011) was an English footballer who played as a centre half. He made over 420 Football League appearances in the years after the Second World War. \"Jack\" White a former miner played locally for Broadworth Main and Frickley Colliery in Yorkshire. White signed for Aldershot from Sheffield FC in July 1944. Pat Beasley signed White in October 1952 from Aldershot for \u00a35,300 for Bristol City. Jack White immediately displaced Dennis Roberts both at the heart of the defence and as captain of the side. Jack White made his Bristol City debut at centre half in a 4\u20130 win v Gillingham on 11 October 1952. Bristol City briefly reached 2nd place during the 1952\u201353 season but finished in 5th position. White made 33 appearances scoring 4 goals in his first season with Bristol City. The following season 1953\u201354 Bristol City rose to 3rd place as Jack White initially played a mixture of centre half and left back when Dennis Roberts returned to the side. He spent the second half of that season at left half when Ernie Peacock and Terry Compton held the centre half position. White made 40 appearances scoring 3 goals including one goal in a 5\u20132 win at Aldershot. Jack White captained Bristol City to the Third Division South championship in 1954\u201355 when White was ever present making 46 appearances scoring 2 goals whilst playing in all three half back positions. In the Second Division in 1955\u201356 Jack White made 41 appearances scoring 1 goal missing only one match and playing mainly at right half alongside Peacock at centre half and Cyril Williams at left half. Jack White was the regular right half then centre half when Peacock was missing in 1956\u201357. White made 37 appearances scoring 1 goal with Bristol City a mid table Second Division side."], "answer": {"text": "judge barred White from having \"any contact with Karen Elson whatsoever except as it relates to parenting time with the parties' minor children.\"", "answer_start": 1453}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who has Jack White dated?", "answer": {"text": "Jack and Meg married on September 21, 1996 and divorced on March 24, 2000.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else has he dated?", "answer": {"text": "he had a brief relationship with actress Renee Zellweger, whom he met during the filming of Cold Mountain.", "answer_start": 84, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has he remarried?", "answer": {"text": "White met British model Karen Elson when she appeared in The White Stripes music video for \"Blue Orchid\".", "answer_start": 462, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long were they married?", "answer": {"text": "They married on June 1, 2005, in Manaus, Brazil.", "answer_start": 652, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are they still married?", "answer": {"text": "The couple announced their intention to divorce in June 2011, throwing \"a positive swing bang humdinger\" party to commemorate the split.", "answer_start": 1286, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is he dating now?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_77a15c6a424e42738b58d23c7888afc8_0_q#7", "question": "How old are his children?", "rewrite": "How old are Jack White and Karen Elson's children?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kate Elson Kate Elson (born 14 January 1979) is a British model and filmmaker. She is the twin sister of fashion model Karen Elson. Elson was born in Oldham, Greater Manchester. As a child, she went to North Chadderton School in Chadderton with her twin sister, model Karen Elson. Kate began her modelling career in 1995 when she and her sister were scouted by Boss Model Management in Manchester. Elson has walked the runways for some of the top fashion designers including Balenciaga, Lagerfeld Gallery, Moschino, Betsey Johnson, Jill Stuart, Julien MacDonald, Dolce & Gabbana, Matthew Williamson, Marc by Marc Jacobs, and DKNY. She has appeared in international campaigns for Anne Klein, Banana Republic, Blumarine, Cacharel, Pringle of Scotland, and Prada. She has also been on the covers of many international magazines such as \"Blvd.\", \"Marie Claire\", \"Amica\". Elson is currently represented by Boss Models and Independent Talent Group Ltd.. In the past, Elson has been represented by Models 1, Beatrice Models, Ford Models NYC, Ford Models Los Angeles, and Munich Models. In 2001, Elson took part of the SHOWstudio project, \"Sleep\". The object was to take nine top models and have them participate in the first global live fashion shoot: \"The girls were dressed by stylists, had their hair, make-up and nails groomed, and were put to bed in their separate hotel rooms. SHOWstudio viewers logged on at midnight and through the night as the models' gentle slumber and gradual dishevelment was recorded in a series of intimate stills.\"", "\"I'm Shakin'\", was released on October 10, and on October 30 the single was released digitally and on 7-inch vinyl with the B-side \"Blue on Two Trees\". Prior to the creation of \"Blunderbuss\", Jack White had been a member of the duo the White Stripes along with Meg White. In 2007, the band went on a tour after releasing the album \"Icky Thump\". In the midst of the tour, the band canceled its United States tour dates, citing Meg White's struggle with acute anxiety; shortly afterwards, the band canceled the remainder of its 2007 tour dates. The band then went on a hiatus, during which Jack White worked on various other projects. In 2008, the Raconteurs, of which White was a member, released its second album, \"Consolers of the Lonely\". The rock supergroup the Dead Weather, another band that included White, released its debut album \"Horehound\" in 2009 and \"Sea of Cowards\" in 2010. In addition, White produced Wanda Jackson's 2011 album \" The Party Ain't Over\". Ultimately, the White Stripes broke up in 2011. In June 2011, White and his wife Karen Elson, who provided backing vocals for \"Blunderbuss\", announced their intention to divorce and held a divorce party. Produced at Third Man Studio in Nashville, Tennessee, \"Blunderbuss\" has its roots in White's recordings with several artists under his label, Third Man Records, including Tom Jones and Wanda Jackson. During these recordings, White learned to direct groups with as many as 12 people, more than he had directed under his previous musical projects. White started recording his own songs as a result of Wu-Tang Clan member RZA's last-minute cancellation of his attendance of a session that White had planned.", "Blue Orchid \"Blue Orchid\" is the first track by the American alternative rock band The White Stripes from their album \" Get Behind Me Satan\", and the first single to be released from the album. Commercially, the song topped the Canadian Singles Chart in June 2005 and reached the top 10 in the United Kingdom, peaking at number nine on the UK Singles Chart the same month. In the United States, the song reached number 43 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number seven on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. Elsewhere, the song was a top-twenty hit in Denmark and Norway. The recorded sound is produced by playing a guitar into an Electro-Harmonix creation, the Polyphonic Octave Generator (POG). Live, the sound is produced by a bass-rich guitar tone, used in combination with Whammy Pedal and the POG to create the heavily metallic sounding breaks of the song (\"How dare you, how old are you now anyway\" and \"get behind me, get behind me now anyway\".). The single comes in three editions, each with different additional tracks. All three covers feature two people dressed up as The White Stripes, but are noticeably different people. The first CD and the 7\" feature the couple in the same order as \"Get Behind Me Satan,\" with 'Jack' on the right. The second CD version features 'Jack' on the left. In an NPR interview, Jack White referred to \"Blue Orchid\" as the song that saved the album. He has denied that the song relates to the ending of his relationship with Ren\u00e9e Zellweger. The video for \"Blue Orchid\" was on Yahoo! 's Top Twenty Scariest Music Videos of all Time, charting at number 13. It features Karen Elson, a model who would marry Jack White soon after the shoot.", "Jack White (footballer, born 1924) John \"Jack\" White (17 March 1924 - July 2011) was an English footballer who played as a centre half. He made over 420 Football League appearances in the years after the Second World War. \"Jack\" White a former miner played locally for Broadworth Main and Frickley Colliery in Yorkshire. White signed for Aldershot from Sheffield FC in July 1944. Pat Beasley signed White in October 1952 from Aldershot for \u00a35,300 for Bristol City. Jack White immediately displaced Dennis Roberts both at the heart of the defence and as captain of the side. Jack White made his Bristol City debut at centre half in a 4\u20130 win v Gillingham on 11 October 1952. Bristol City briefly reached 2nd place during the 1952\u201353 season but finished in 5th position. White made 33 appearances scoring 4 goals in his first season with Bristol City. The following season 1953\u201354 Bristol City rose to 3rd place as Jack White initially played a mixture of centre half and left back when Dennis Roberts returned to the side. He spent the second half of that season at left half when Ernie Peacock and Terry Compton held the centre half position. White made 40 appearances scoring 3 goals including one goal in a 5\u20132 win at Aldershot. Jack White captained Bristol City to the Third Division South championship in 1954\u201355 when White was ever present making 46 appearances scoring 2 goals whilst playing in all three half back positions. In the Second Division in 1955\u201356 Jack White made 41 appearances scoring 1 goal missing only one match and playing mainly at right half alongside Peacock at centre half and Cyril Williams at left half. Jack White was the regular right half then centre half when Peacock was missing in 1956\u201357. White made 37 appearances scoring 1 goal with Bristol City a mid table Second Division side.", "Jack and Meg married on September 21, 1996 and divorced on March 24, 2000. In 2003, he had a brief relationship with actress Renee Zellweger, whom he met during the filming of Cold Mountain. That summer, the couple were in a car accident in which White broke his left index finger and was forced to reschedule much of the summer tour. He posted the footage of his finger surgery on the web for fans. White and Zellweger's breakup became public in December 2004. White met British model Karen Elson when she appeared in The White Stripes music video for \"Blue Orchid\". The video's director, Floria Sigismondi, noted \"you sensed an energy between them\". They married on June 1, 2005, in Manaus, Brazil. The wedding took place in a canoe on the Amazon River and was officiated by a shaman. A Roman Catholic priest later convalidated their marriage. Manager Ian Montone was the best man and Meg White was the maid of honor. Official wedding announcements stated that \"it was the first marriage\" for both. In 2006, the couple had a daughter Scarlett Teresa. Their second child, son Henry Lee, was born in 2007. The family resided in Brentwood, a suburb south of Nashville, where Elson managed a vintage clothing store called Venus & Mars. Elson provided vocals on White's first solo record. The couple announced their intention to divorce in June 2011, throwing \"a positive swing bang humdinger\" party to commemorate the split. On July 22, 2013, a Nashville judge barred White from having \"any contact with Karen Elson whatsoever except as it relates to parenting time with the parties' minor children.\""], "answer": {"text": "In 2006, the couple had a daughter Scarlett Teresa. Their second child, son Henry Lee, was born in 2007.", "answer_start": 1001}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Who has Jack White dated?", "answer": {"text": "Jack and Meg married on September 21, 1996 and divorced on March 24, 2000.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else has he dated?", "answer": {"text": "he had a brief relationship with actress Renee Zellweger, whom he met during the filming of Cold Mountain.", "answer_start": 84, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has he remarried?", "answer": {"text": "White met British model Karen Elson when she appeared in The White Stripes music video for \"Blue Orchid\".", "answer_start": 462, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long were they married?", "answer": {"text": "They married on June 1, 2005, in Manaus, Brazil.", "answer_start": 652, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are they still married?", "answer": {"text": "The couple announced their intention to divorce in June 2011, throwing \"a positive swing bang humdinger\" party to commemorate the split.", "answer_start": 1286, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is he dating now?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "judge barred White from having \"any contact with Karen Elson whatsoever except as it relates to parenting time with the parties' minor children.\"", "answer_start": 1453, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ddc291e061c5434399ecbc8d04d0e18c_0_q#0", "question": "what was the first nations?", "rewrite": "what was the first nations?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["First Nations in Alberta First Nations in Alberta are indigenous peoples who live in the Canadian province of Alberta. The First Nations are peoples (or nations) recognized as Indigenous peoples in Canada excluding the Inuit and the M\u00e9tis. According to the 2011 Census, a population of 116,670 Albertans self-identified as First Nations. Specifically there were 96,730 First Nations people with registered Indian Status and 19,945 First Nations people without registered Indian Status. Alberta has the third largest First Nations population among the provinces and territories (after Ontario and British Columbia). From this total population, 47.3% of the population lives on an Indian reserve and the other 52.7% live in urban centres. According to the 2011 Census, the First Nations population in Edmonton (the provincial capital) totalled at 31,780, which is the second highest for any city in Canada (after Winnipeg). The First Nations population in Calgary, in reference to the 2011 Census, totalled at 17,040. There are 48 First Nations or \"bands\" in Alberta (in the sense of governments made up of a council and a chief), belonging to nine different ethnic groups or \"tribes\" based on their ancestral languages. There are a variety of ways of classifying the various First Nations groups in Alberta. In anthropological terms there are two broad cultural groupings in Alberta based on different climactic/ecological regions and the ways of life adapted to those regions. In the northern part of the province the Subarctic peoples relied on boreal species such as moose, woodland caribou, etc. as their main prey animals, extensively practised ice fishing, and utilized canoes, snowshoes, and toboggans for transportation.", "First Nations Health Authority The First Nations Health Authority (FNHA) is a health service delivery organization responsible for administering a variety of health programs and service for First Nations people living in BC. The FNHA is part of a First Nations Health Governance Structure in BC that includes the First Nations Health Council and First Nations Health Directors Association. The First Nations Health Authority emerged from a number of Tripartite agreements between BC First Nations, the Province of BC, and the Government of Canada that included the Transformative Change Accord: First Nations Health Plan [2006], Tripartite First Nations Health Plan [2007], and the Tripartite Framework Agreement on First Nations Health Governance. A first for Canada, the FNHA is the first province-wide First Nations Health Authority in Canada. The FNHA plans, designs, manages and funds the delivery of First Nations health programs and services in BC. These community-based services are largely focused on health promotion and disease prevention - such as: The FNHA strives to improve First Nations health outcomes and close the gaps that exist between First Nations people in BC and the rest of the provincial population. The FNHA serves both the urban and rural First Nations population that includes 203 communities throughout the province. On October 1, 2013 the FNHA completed the second phase transfer of federal programs and services from Health Canada. Drinking water advisories include Boil Water Advisory (BWA), Do Not Consume (DNC), and Do Not Use (DNU) are put in place by the FNHA's Environmental Public Health Services (EPHS). FNHA in British Columbia monitors 285 community water systems in 193 First Nations in British Columbia. In 2011, 11 long term advisories that had lasted longer than 12 months, were lifted. In 2016 and in 2017, 7 long term advisories were lifted.", "Today, a revival of pride in First Nations art and music is taking and beauty of traditional First Nations art, music and musical instruments. Drums are closely associated with First Nations people. Some people say, \"Drumming is the heartbeat of Mother Earth.\" First Nations made a great variety of drums. Healers sometimes use miniature drums. There are also tambourine-shaped hand drums, war drums, water drums, and very large ceremonial drums. Their size and shape depends on the First Nation's particular culture and what the drummer wants to do with them. Many are beautifully decorated. In many First Nations cultures, \"the circle\" is important. It is the shape of the sun and moon, and of the path they trace across the sky. Many First Nations objects, such as tipis and wigwams, are circular in shape. Traditional villages were place. First Nations people are recovering the knowledge, history often arranged with the dwellings placed in a circle. To this day, many First Nations people hold meetings sitting in a circle. Meetings often begin with a prayer, with the people standing in a circle holding hands. Hand carved wooden flutes and whistles are less common than drums, but are also a part of First Nations traditional music. Chippewa men played flutes to serenade girlfriends and to soothe themselves and others during hard times. The Cree, Iroquois and Maliseet made and used whistles. Archaeologists have found evidence that both wooden whistles and flutes were used by the Beothuk, an extinct tribe who lived in Newfoundland until the early days of European settlement. The human voice is the primary instrument of all First Nations. As it is in most ancient music, singing is the heart of First Nations traditions. Every song had an original owner. Songs belonged to a society, clan, rite, ceremony or individual.", "Status of First Nations treaties in British Columbia The status of the First Nations, Aboriginal people of British Columbia, Canada, is a long-standing problem that has become a major issue in recent years. In 1763 the British Crown declared that only it could acquire land from First Nations through treaties. Historically only two treaties were signed with the First Nations of BC. The first of which was the Douglas Treaties, negotiated by Sir James Douglas with the native people of southern Vancouver Island from 1850-1854. The second treaty, Treaty 8, signed in 1899 was part of the Numbered Treaties that were signed with First Nations outside of British Columbia. British Columbian Treaty 8 signatories are located in the Peace River Country or the far North East of BC. For over nine decades no more treaties were signed with First Nations of BC; many Native people wished to negotiate treaties, but successive BC provincial governments refused until the 1990s. A major development was the 1997 decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in the Delgamuukw v. British Columbia case that Aboriginal title still exists in British Columbia and that when dealing with Crown land, the government must consult with and may have to compensate First Nations whose rights are affected. In 1991 the Report of the \"BC Claims Task Force\" was released recommending a treaty commission be set up. The British Crown passed its authority to negotiate treaties to Canada when it was created in 1867. Even though only the Canadian federal government has the authority to enter into treaties with First Nations in 1992 the newly created British Columbia Treaty Commission (BCTP) and BC Treaty Process included the BC provincial government in the process by agreement among Canada, BC and the First Nations. As of 2009 there are 60 First Nations participating in the BC treaty process. Because some First Nations negotiate at a common table, there are 49 sets of negotiations.", "First Nations Development Institute First Nations Development Institute (First Nations) is a nonprofit organization that assists Native American tribes, their communities, and Native nonprofits in economic development by providing technical assistance, training, policy, and the awarding of grants. Public education is another area of focus. Charity Navigator gave First Nations Development Institute a four-star rating. The mission of First Nations is to strengthen American Indian economies to support healthy Native communities. First Nations invest in and creates innovative institutions and models that strengthen asset control and support economic development for American Indian people and their communities. We believe that when armed with the appropriate resources, Native peoples hold the capacity and ingenuity to ensure the sustainable, economic, spiritual and cultural well-being of their communities. The organization's slogan is \"Strengthening Native American Communities & Economies.\" First Nations Financial Project was founded in 1980 in Fredericksburg, Virginia, by Rebecca Adamson. In 1991 it was renamed First Nations Development Institute. In 1985, First Nations Development Institute and the Oglala Lakota College helped to support the creation of the Lakota Funds, the first Native American Community Development Financial Institution on a reservation. The Oweesta Program was created in 1986 as a model of a Community Development Financial Institution in Native American communities. First Nations Development Institute is its parent organization. The Tribal Commerce and Enterprise Management Program] (TCEMP), which provided support for Native American students to pursue graduate degrees in business, was launched in 1985 at the Yale School of Organization and Management. In 1991 it moved to the University of Minnesota's Carlson School of Management. In 1994 to 1995 First Nations Development Institute continued to expand is work in reservation economies through the Eagle Staff Fund. First Peoples Worldwide is founded in 1997 as a project of First Nations Development Institute."], "answer": {"text": "First Nations\" came into common usage in the 1980s to replace the term \"Indian band", "answer_start": 1}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_ddc291e061c5434399ecbc8d04d0e18c_0_q#1", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides the term \"First Nations\" coming into common usage in the 1980s, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Status of First Nations treaties in British Columbia The status of the First Nations, Aboriginal people of British Columbia, Canada, is a long-standing problem that has become a major issue in recent years. In 1763 the British Crown declared that only it could acquire land from First Nations through treaties. Historically only two treaties were signed with the First Nations of BC. The first of which was the Douglas Treaties, negotiated by Sir James Douglas with the native people of southern Vancouver Island from 1850-1854. The second treaty, Treaty 8, signed in 1899 was part of the Numbered Treaties that were signed with First Nations outside of British Columbia. British Columbian Treaty 8 signatories are located in the Peace River Country or the far North East of BC. For over nine decades no more treaties were signed with First Nations of BC; many Native people wished to negotiate treaties, but successive BC provincial governments refused until the 1990s. A major development was the 1997 decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in the Delgamuukw v. British Columbia case that Aboriginal title still exists in British Columbia and that when dealing with Crown land, the government must consult with and may have to compensate First Nations whose rights are affected. In 1991 the Report of the \"BC Claims Task Force\" was released recommending a treaty commission be set up. The British Crown passed its authority to negotiate treaties to Canada when it was created in 1867. Even though only the Canadian federal government has the authority to enter into treaties with First Nations in 1992 the newly created British Columbia Treaty Commission (BCTP) and BC Treaty Process included the BC provincial government in the process by agreement among Canada, BC and the First Nations. As of 2009 there are 60 First Nations participating in the BC treaty process. Because some First Nations negotiate at a common table, there are 49 sets of negotiations.", "These musical instruments provide the background for songs, and songs are the background for dances. Traditional First Nations people consider song and dance to be sacred. For years after Europeans came to Canada, First Nations people were forbidden to practice their ceremonies. In the 20th century, the First Nations population of Canada increased tenfold. Between 1900 and 1950 the population grew only by 29% but after the 1960s the infant mortality level on reserves dropped and the population grew by 161%. Since the 1980s, the number of First Nations babies more than doubled and currently almost half of the First Nations population is under the age of 25. As a result, the First Nations population of Canada is expected to increase in the coming decades. The 2006 census counted a total Aboriginal population of 1,172,790 (3.75%) which includes 698,025 North American Indians (2.23%). There are distinct First Nations in Canada, originating across the country. Indian reserves, established in Canadian law by treaties such as Treaty 7, are the very limited contemporary lands of First Nations recognized by the non-indigenous governments. A few reserves exist within cities, such as the Opawikoscikan Reserve in Prince Albert, Wendake in Quebec City or Enoch Cree Nation 135 in the Edmonton Metropolitan Region. There are more reserves in Canada than there are First Nations, as First Nations were ceded multiple reserves by treaty. First Nations can be grouped into cultural areas based on their ancestors' primary lifeway, or occupation, at the time of European contact. These culture areas correspond closely with physical and ecological regions of Canada. Ethnographers commonly classify indigenous peoples of the Americas in the United States and Canada into ten geographical regions with shared cultural traits (called \"cultural areas\"). The Canadian (in whole or in part) regions are Arctic, Subarctic, Northeast Woodlands, Plains, and Plateau.", "First Nations In Canada, the First Nations ( ) are the predominant indigenous peoples in Canada south of the Arctic Circle. Those in the Arctic area are distinct and known as Inuit. The M\u00e9tis, another distinct ethnicity, developed after European contact and relations primarily between First Nations people and Europeans. There are 634 recognized First Nations governments or bands spread across Canada, roughly half of which are in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. Under the Employment Equity Act, First Nations are a \"designated group\", along with women, visible minorities, and people with physical or mental disabilities. First Nations are not defined as a visible minority under the Act or by the criteria of Statistics Canada. North American indigenous peoples have cultures spanning thousands of years. Some of their oral traditions accurately describe historical events, such as the Cascadia earthquake of 1700 and the 18th-century Tseax Cone eruption. Written records began with the arrival of European explorers and colonists during the Age of Discovery, beginning in the late 15th century. European accounts by trappers, traders, explorers, and missionaries give important evidence of early contact culture. In addition, archeological and anthropological research, as well as linguistics, have helped scholars piece together an understanding of ancient cultures and historic peoples. Although not without conflict, Euro-Canadians' early interactions with First Nations, M\u00e9tis, and Inuit populations were less combative compared to the often violent battles between colonists and native peoples in the United States. Collectively, First Nations, Inuit, and M\u00e9tis (FNIM) peoples constitute Indigenous peoples in Canada\",\" Indigenous peoples of the Americas, or \"first peoples\"\".\" \"First Nation\" as a term became officially used beginning in 1980s to replace the term \"Indian band\" in referring to groups of Indians with common government and language. The term had come into common usage in the 1970s to avoid using the word \"Indian\", which some Canadians considered offensive.", "First Nations Health Authority The First Nations Health Authority (FNHA) is a health service delivery organization responsible for administering a variety of health programs and service for First Nations people living in BC. The FNHA is part of a First Nations Health Governance Structure in BC that includes the First Nations Health Council and First Nations Health Directors Association. The First Nations Health Authority emerged from a number of Tripartite agreements between BC First Nations, the Province of BC, and the Government of Canada that included the Transformative Change Accord: First Nations Health Plan [2006], Tripartite First Nations Health Plan [2007], and the Tripartite Framework Agreement on First Nations Health Governance. A first for Canada, the FNHA is the first province-wide First Nations Health Authority in Canada. The FNHA plans, designs, manages and funds the delivery of First Nations health programs and services in BC. These community-based services are largely focused on health promotion and disease prevention - such as: The FNHA strives to improve First Nations health outcomes and close the gaps that exist between First Nations people in BC and the rest of the provincial population. The FNHA serves both the urban and rural First Nations population that includes 203 communities throughout the province. On October 1, 2013 the FNHA completed the second phase transfer of federal programs and services from Health Canada. Drinking water advisories include Boil Water Advisory (BWA), Do Not Consume (DNC), and Do Not Use (DNU) are put in place by the FNHA's Environmental Public Health Services (EPHS). FNHA in British Columbia monitors 285 community water systems in 193 First Nations in British Columbia. In 2011, 11 long term advisories that had lasted longer than 12 months, were lifted. In 2016 and in 2017, 7 long term advisories were lifted.", "\"First Nations\" came into common usage in the 1980s to replace the term \"Indian band\". Elder Sol Sanderson says that he coined the term in the early 1980s. Others state that the term came into common usage in the 1970s to avoid using the word \"Indian\", which some people considered offensive. Apparently, no legal definition of the term exists. Some Aboriginal peoples in Canada have also adopted the term \"First Nation\" to replace the word \"band\" in the name of their community. \"First Nations\" (most often used in the plural) has come into general use for the Indigenous peoples of North America located in what is now Canada, and their descendants, excluding the Inuit and Metis, who have distinct identities. The singular commonly used is \"First Nations person\" (when gender-specific, \"First Nations man\" or \"First Nations woman\"). Some tribal governments of Canada also use the term \"First Nations\" to refer to any indigenous, tribal or nomadic society, using the term for such diverse groups as the Romani, Saami, Maori, Hmong, and the Australian Aborigines. Although the Canadian government has formally adopted use of the term \"First Nations\" and \"Aboriginal peoples\", the federal ministerial portfolio in charge of their affairs is named the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development and under the Federal Identity Program is referred to as Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC), and the historical term \"Indian Reserve\" is still a legal land description. Some First Nations peoples also use \"Indian Band\" in their official names."], "answer": {"text": "Others state that the term came into common usage in the 1970s to avoid using the word \"Indian\", which some people considered offensive.", "answer_start": 156}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "what was the first nations?", "answer": {"text": "First Nations\" came into common usage in the 1980s to replace the term \"Indian band", "answer_start": 1, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ddc291e061c5434399ecbc8d04d0e18c_0_q#3", "question": "Was there anything else written on this?", "rewrite": "Other than some people considering the word \"Indian\" offensive, was there anything written about the term \"First Nations:?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["First Nations Development Institute First Nations Development Institute (First Nations) is a nonprofit organization that assists Native American tribes, their communities, and Native nonprofits in economic development by providing technical assistance, training, policy, and the awarding of grants. Public education is another area of focus. Charity Navigator gave First Nations Development Institute a four-star rating. The mission of First Nations is to strengthen American Indian economies to support healthy Native communities. First Nations invest in and creates innovative institutions and models that strengthen asset control and support economic development for American Indian people and their communities. We believe that when armed with the appropriate resources, Native peoples hold the capacity and ingenuity to ensure the sustainable, economic, spiritual and cultural well-being of their communities. The organization's slogan is \"Strengthening Native American Communities & Economies.\" First Nations Financial Project was founded in 1980 in Fredericksburg, Virginia, by Rebecca Adamson. In 1991 it was renamed First Nations Development Institute. In 1985, First Nations Development Institute and the Oglala Lakota College helped to support the creation of the Lakota Funds, the first Native American Community Development Financial Institution on a reservation. The Oweesta Program was created in 1986 as a model of a Community Development Financial Institution in Native American communities. First Nations Development Institute is its parent organization. The Tribal Commerce and Enterprise Management Program] (TCEMP), which provided support for Native American students to pursue graduate degrees in business, was launched in 1985 at the Yale School of Organization and Management. In 1991 it moved to the University of Minnesota's Carlson School of Management. In 1994 to 1995 First Nations Development Institute continued to expand is work in reservation economies through the Eagle Staff Fund. First Peoples Worldwide is founded in 1997 as a project of First Nations Development Institute.", "First Nations Health Authority The First Nations Health Authority (FNHA) is a health service delivery organization responsible for administering a variety of health programs and service for First Nations people living in BC. The FNHA is part of a First Nations Health Governance Structure in BC that includes the First Nations Health Council and First Nations Health Directors Association. The First Nations Health Authority emerged from a number of Tripartite agreements between BC First Nations, the Province of BC, and the Government of Canada that included the Transformative Change Accord: First Nations Health Plan [2006], Tripartite First Nations Health Plan [2007], and the Tripartite Framework Agreement on First Nations Health Governance. A first for Canada, the FNHA is the first province-wide First Nations Health Authority in Canada. The FNHA plans, designs, manages and funds the delivery of First Nations health programs and services in BC. These community-based services are largely focused on health promotion and disease prevention - such as: The FNHA strives to improve First Nations health outcomes and close the gaps that exist between First Nations people in BC and the rest of the provincial population. The FNHA serves both the urban and rural First Nations population that includes 203 communities throughout the province. On October 1, 2013 the FNHA completed the second phase transfer of federal programs and services from Health Canada. Drinking water advisories include Boil Water Advisory (BWA), Do Not Consume (DNC), and Do Not Use (DNU) are put in place by the FNHA's Environmental Public Health Services (EPHS). FNHA in British Columbia monitors 285 community water systems in 193 First Nations in British Columbia. In 2011, 11 long term advisories that had lasted longer than 12 months, were lifted. In 2016 and in 2017, 7 long term advisories were lifted.", "First Nations in Alberta First Nations in Alberta are indigenous peoples who live in the Canadian province of Alberta. The First Nations are peoples (or nations) recognized as Indigenous peoples in Canada excluding the Inuit and the M\u00e9tis. According to the 2011 Census, a population of 116,670 Albertans self-identified as First Nations. Specifically there were 96,730 First Nations people with registered Indian Status and 19,945 First Nations people without registered Indian Status. Alberta has the third largest First Nations population among the provinces and territories (after Ontario and British Columbia). From this total population, 47.3% of the population lives on an Indian reserve and the other 52.7% live in urban centres. According to the 2011 Census, the First Nations population in Edmonton (the provincial capital) totalled at 31,780, which is the second highest for any city in Canada (after Winnipeg). The First Nations population in Calgary, in reference to the 2011 Census, totalled at 17,040. There are 48 First Nations or \"bands\" in Alberta (in the sense of governments made up of a council and a chief), belonging to nine different ethnic groups or \"tribes\" based on their ancestral languages. There are a variety of ways of classifying the various First Nations groups in Alberta. In anthropological terms there are two broad cultural groupings in Alberta based on different climactic/ecological regions and the ways of life adapted to those regions. In the northern part of the province the Subarctic peoples relied on boreal species such as moose, woodland caribou, etc. as their main prey animals, extensively practised ice fishing, and utilized canoes, snowshoes, and toboggans for transportation.", "\"First Nations\" came into common usage in the 1980s to replace the term \"Indian band\". Elder Sol Sanderson says that he coined the term in the early 1980s. Others state that the term came into common usage in the 1970s to avoid using the word \"Indian\", which some people considered offensive. Apparently, no legal definition of the term exists. Some Aboriginal peoples in Canada have also adopted the term \"First Nation\" to replace the word \"band\" in the name of their community. \"First Nations\" (most often used in the plural) has come into general use for the Indigenous peoples of North America located in what is now Canada, and their descendants, excluding the Inuit and Metis, who have distinct identities. The singular commonly used is \"First Nations person\" (when gender-specific, \"First Nations man\" or \"First Nations woman\"). Some tribal governments of Canada also use the term \"First Nations\" to refer to any indigenous, tribal or nomadic society, using the term for such diverse groups as the Romani, Saami, Maori, Hmong, and the Australian Aborigines. Although the Canadian government has formally adopted use of the term \"First Nations\" and \"Aboriginal peoples\", the federal ministerial portfolio in charge of their affairs is named the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development and under the Federal Identity Program is referred to as Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC), and the historical term \"Indian Reserve\" is still a legal land description. Some First Nations peoples also use \"Indian Band\" in their official names.", "First Nations In Canada, the First Nations ( ) are the predominant indigenous peoples in Canada south of the Arctic Circle. Those in the Arctic area are distinct and known as Inuit. The M\u00e9tis, another distinct ethnicity, developed after European contact and relations primarily between First Nations people and Europeans. There are 634 recognized First Nations governments or bands spread across Canada, roughly half of which are in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. Under the Employment Equity Act, First Nations are a \"designated group\", along with women, visible minorities, and people with physical or mental disabilities. First Nations are not defined as a visible minority under the Act or by the criteria of Statistics Canada. North American indigenous peoples have cultures spanning thousands of years. Some of their oral traditions accurately describe historical events, such as the Cascadia earthquake of 1700 and the 18th-century Tseax Cone eruption. Written records began with the arrival of European explorers and colonists during the Age of Discovery, beginning in the late 15th century. European accounts by trappers, traders, explorers, and missionaries give important evidence of early contact culture. In addition, archeological and anthropological research, as well as linguistics, have helped scholars piece together an understanding of ancient cultures and historic peoples. Although not without conflict, Euro-Canadians' early interactions with First Nations, M\u00e9tis, and Inuit populations were less combative compared to the often violent battles between colonists and native peoples in the United States. Collectively, First Nations, Inuit, and M\u00e9tis (FNIM) peoples constitute Indigenous peoples in Canada\",\" Indigenous peoples of the Americas, or \"first peoples\"\".\" \"First Nation\" as a term became officially used beginning in 1980s to replace the term \"Indian band\" in referring to groups of Indians with common government and language. The term had come into common usage in the 1970s to avoid using the word \"Indian\", which some Canadians considered offensive."], "answer": {"text": "Some tribal governments of Canada also use the term \"First Nations\" to refer to any indigenous, tribal or nomadic society,", "answer_start": 836}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was the first nations?", "answer": {"text": "First Nations\" came into common usage in the 1980s to replace the term \"Indian band", "answer_start": 1, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Others state that the term came into common usage in the 1970s to avoid using the word \"Indian\", which some people considered offensive.", "answer_start": 156, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they refer to it as offensive?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ddc291e061c5434399ecbc8d04d0e18c_0_q#4", "question": "Ae other terms used?", "rewrite": "Are terms besides \"First Nations\" used to describe native people?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Two-spirit Two-Spirit (also two spirit or, occasionally, twospirited) is a modern, pan-Indian, umbrella term used by some Indigenous North Americans to describe Native people in their communities who fulfill a traditional third-gender (or other gender-variant) ceremonial role in their cultures. The term \"two-spirit\" was created in 1990 at the Indigenous lesbian and gay international gathering in Winnipeg, and \"specifically chosen to distinguish and distance Native American/First Nations people from non-Native peoples. \" The primary purpose of coining a new term was to encourage the replacement of the outdated and considered offensive, anthropological term, \"berdache. \" While this new term has not been universally accepted\u2014it has been criticized by traditional communities who already have their own terms for the people being grouped under this new term, and by those who reject what they call the \"western\" binary implications, such as implying that Natives believe these individuals are \"both male and female\"\u2014it has generally received more acceptance and use than the anthropological term it replaced. \"Two Spirit\" is not interchangeable with \"LGBT Native American\" or \"Gay Indian\"; rather, it was intended, despite being in English, to carry on the traditional meanings of the terms in Indigenous languages for the culturally-specific ceremonial roles that are recognized and confirmed by the Elders of the two-spirit's ceremonial community. Opinions vary as to whether or not this objective has succeeded. Often incorrectly used as a synonym for \"LGBT Native\", the term and identity of two-spirit \"does not make sense\" unless it is contextualized within a Native American or First Nations framework and traditional cultural understanding.", "First Nations Development Institute First Nations Development Institute (First Nations) is a nonprofit organization that assists Native American tribes, their communities, and Native nonprofits in economic development by providing technical assistance, training, policy, and the awarding of grants. Public education is another area of focus. Charity Navigator gave First Nations Development Institute a four-star rating. The mission of First Nations is to strengthen American Indian economies to support healthy Native communities. First Nations invest in and creates innovative institutions and models that strengthen asset control and support economic development for American Indian people and their communities. We believe that when armed with the appropriate resources, Native peoples hold the capacity and ingenuity to ensure the sustainable, economic, spiritual and cultural well-being of their communities. The organization's slogan is \"Strengthening Native American Communities & Economies.\" First Nations Financial Project was founded in 1980 in Fredericksburg, Virginia, by Rebecca Adamson. In 1991 it was renamed First Nations Development Institute. In 1985, First Nations Development Institute and the Oglala Lakota College helped to support the creation of the Lakota Funds, the first Native American Community Development Financial Institution on a reservation. The Oweesta Program was created in 1986 as a model of a Community Development Financial Institution in Native American communities. First Nations Development Institute is its parent organization. The Tribal Commerce and Enterprise Management Program] (TCEMP), which provided support for Native American students to pursue graduate degrees in business, was launched in 1985 at the Yale School of Organization and Management. In 1991 it moved to the University of Minnesota's Carlson School of Management. In 1994 to 1995 First Nations Development Institute continued to expand is work in reservation economies through the Eagle Staff Fund. First Peoples Worldwide is founded in 1997 as a project of First Nations Development Institute.", "First Nations were confined to tiny reserves that no longer provide an economic base. They were provided with inadequate education and discriminated against in numerous ways. In many areas they were excluded from restaurants and other establishments. Status Indians gained the right to vote in 1960. They were prohibited from possessing alcohol, which rather than preventing problems with this drug, exacerbated them by fostering unhealthy patterns of consumption such as binge drinking. Certain privileges of status Indians are governed by the Indian Act. With the exception of what are known as the Douglas Treaties, negotiated by Sir James Douglas with the native people of the Victoria area, no treaties were signed in British Columbia until 1998. Many native people wished to negotiate treaties, but the province refused until 1990. Another major development was the 1997 decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in the \"Delgamuukw v. British Columbia\" case that aboriginal title still exists in British Columbia. 60% of First Nations in British Columbia are aligned with the First Nations Summit. This brings a total of 58 First Nations, but only 20 are said to be in active negotiations. Three Final Agreements have been settled, with one being rejected by Lheidli T'enneh in 2007. The other two, the Maa-nulth treaty group, a 5 Nuu-chah-nulth member group, and the Tsawwassen First Nation. Although these treaties have yet to be ratified by Parliament in Ottawa and Legislature in Victoria, neighbouring First Nations are seeking to block these treaties in the courts. A group of Vancouver Island and some mainland First Nations, the WSANEC, Lekwungen, and Semiahmoo, are seeking to block to Tsawwassen First Nation treaty, claiming infringement on their rights and land titles.", "Redskin Redskin is a slang term for Native Americans in the United States and First Nations in Canada. The term \"redskin\" underwent pejoration through the 19th to early 20th centuries and in contemporary dictionaries of American English it is labeled \"usually offensive\", \"disparaging\", \"insulting\", or \"taboo\". The origin of the choice of \"red\" to describe Native Americans in English is debated. While related terms were used in anthropological literature as early as the 17th century, labels based on skin-color entered everyday speech around the middle of the 18th century. \"At the start of the eighteenth century, Indians and Europeans rarely mentioned the color of each other\u2019s skins. By midcentury, remarks about skin color and the categorization of peoples by simple color-coded labels (red, white, black) had become commonplace.\" Although the term has almost disappeared from common use, it remains as the name of many sports teams, most prominently the Washington Redskins, and the term's meaning has been a significant point of controversy. That controversy has led to high schools in the United States changing their team name as a result of protest by Native Americans, government regulations, or voluntary action. Documents from the colonial period indicate that the use of \"red\" as an identifier by Native Americans for themselves emerged in the context of Indian-European diplomacy in the southeastern region of North America, before later being adopted by Europeans and becoming a generic label for all Native Americans. Linguistic evidence indicates that, while some tribes may have used \"red\" to refer to themselves during the Pre-Columbian era based upon their origin stories, the general use of the term was in response to meeting people who called themselves \"white\" and their slaves \"black\". The choice of red rather than other colors may have been due to cultural associations, rather than skin color.", "Status of First Nations treaties in British Columbia The status of the First Nations, Aboriginal people of British Columbia, Canada, is a long-standing problem that has become a major issue in recent years. In 1763 the British Crown declared that only it could acquire land from First Nations through treaties. Historically only two treaties were signed with the First Nations of BC. The first of which was the Douglas Treaties, negotiated by Sir James Douglas with the native people of southern Vancouver Island from 1850-1854. The second treaty, Treaty 8, signed in 1899 was part of the Numbered Treaties that were signed with First Nations outside of British Columbia. British Columbian Treaty 8 signatories are located in the Peace River Country or the far North East of BC. For over nine decades no more treaties were signed with First Nations of BC; many Native people wished to negotiate treaties, but successive BC provincial governments refused until the 1990s. A major development was the 1997 decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in the Delgamuukw v. British Columbia case that Aboriginal title still exists in British Columbia and that when dealing with Crown land, the government must consult with and may have to compensate First Nations whose rights are affected. In 1991 the Report of the \"BC Claims Task Force\" was released recommending a treaty commission be set up. The British Crown passed its authority to negotiate treaties to Canada when it was created in 1867. Even though only the Canadian federal government has the authority to enter into treaties with First Nations in 1992 the newly created British Columbia Treaty Commission (BCTP) and BC Treaty Process included the BC provincial government in the process by agreement among Canada, BC and the First Nations. As of 2009 there are 60 First Nations participating in the BC treaty process. Because some First Nations negotiate at a common table, there are 49 sets of negotiations."], "answer": {"text": "using the term for such diverse groups as the Romani, Saami, Maori, Hmong, and the Australian Aborigines.", "answer_start": 959}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was the first nations?", "answer": {"text": "First Nations\" came into common usage in the 1980s to replace the term \"Indian band", "answer_start": 1, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Others state that the term came into common usage in the 1970s to avoid using the word \"Indian\", which some people considered offensive.", "answer_start": 156, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they refer to it as offensive?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there anything else written on this?", "answer": {"text": "Some tribal governments of Canada also use the term \"First Nations\" to refer to any indigenous, tribal or nomadic society,", "answer_start": 836, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ddc291e061c5434399ecbc8d04d0e18c_0_q#5", "question": "Are any of these still used today?", "rewrite": "Are any terms besides \"First Nations\" still used today?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["First Nations Health Authority The First Nations Health Authority (FNHA) is a health service delivery organization responsible for administering a variety of health programs and service for First Nations people living in BC. The FNHA is part of a First Nations Health Governance Structure in BC that includes the First Nations Health Council and First Nations Health Directors Association. The First Nations Health Authority emerged from a number of Tripartite agreements between BC First Nations, the Province of BC, and the Government of Canada that included the Transformative Change Accord: First Nations Health Plan [2006], Tripartite First Nations Health Plan [2007], and the Tripartite Framework Agreement on First Nations Health Governance. A first for Canada, the FNHA is the first province-wide First Nations Health Authority in Canada. The FNHA plans, designs, manages and funds the delivery of First Nations health programs and services in BC. These community-based services are largely focused on health promotion and disease prevention - such as: The FNHA strives to improve First Nations health outcomes and close the gaps that exist between First Nations people in BC and the rest of the provincial population. The FNHA serves both the urban and rural First Nations population that includes 203 communities throughout the province. On October 1, 2013 the FNHA completed the second phase transfer of federal programs and services from Health Canada. Drinking water advisories include Boil Water Advisory (BWA), Do Not Consume (DNC), and Do Not Use (DNU) are put in place by the FNHA's Environmental Public Health Services (EPHS). FNHA in British Columbia monitors 285 community water systems in 193 First Nations in British Columbia. In 2011, 11 long term advisories that had lasted longer than 12 months, were lifted. In 2016 and in 2017, 7 long term advisories were lifted.", "Today, a revival of pride in First Nations art and music is taking and beauty of traditional First Nations art, music and musical instruments. Drums are closely associated with First Nations people. Some people say, \"Drumming is the heartbeat of Mother Earth.\" First Nations made a great variety of drums. Healers sometimes use miniature drums. There are also tambourine-shaped hand drums, war drums, water drums, and very large ceremonial drums. Their size and shape depends on the First Nation's particular culture and what the drummer wants to do with them. Many are beautifully decorated. In many First Nations cultures, \"the circle\" is important. It is the shape of the sun and moon, and of the path they trace across the sky. Many First Nations objects, such as tipis and wigwams, are circular in shape. Traditional villages were place. First Nations people are recovering the knowledge, history often arranged with the dwellings placed in a circle. To this day, many First Nations people hold meetings sitting in a circle. Meetings often begin with a prayer, with the people standing in a circle holding hands. Hand carved wooden flutes and whistles are less common than drums, but are also a part of First Nations traditional music. Chippewa men played flutes to serenade girlfriends and to soothe themselves and others during hard times. The Cree, Iroquois and Maliseet made and used whistles. Archaeologists have found evidence that both wooden whistles and flutes were used by the Beothuk, an extinct tribe who lived in Newfoundland until the early days of European settlement. The human voice is the primary instrument of all First Nations. As it is in most ancient music, singing is the heart of First Nations traditions. Every song had an original owner. Songs belonged to a society, clan, rite, ceremony or individual.", "First Nations in Alberta First Nations in Alberta are indigenous peoples who live in the Canadian province of Alberta. The First Nations are peoples (or nations) recognized as Indigenous peoples in Canada excluding the Inuit and the M\u00e9tis. According to the 2011 Census, a population of 116,670 Albertans self-identified as First Nations. Specifically there were 96,730 First Nations people with registered Indian Status and 19,945 First Nations people without registered Indian Status. Alberta has the third largest First Nations population among the provinces and territories (after Ontario and British Columbia). From this total population, 47.3% of the population lives on an Indian reserve and the other 52.7% live in urban centres. According to the 2011 Census, the First Nations population in Edmonton (the provincial capital) totalled at 31,780, which is the second highest for any city in Canada (after Winnipeg). The First Nations population in Calgary, in reference to the 2011 Census, totalled at 17,040. There are 48 First Nations or \"bands\" in Alberta (in the sense of governments made up of a council and a chief), belonging to nine different ethnic groups or \"tribes\" based on their ancestral languages. There are a variety of ways of classifying the various First Nations groups in Alberta. In anthropological terms there are two broad cultural groupings in Alberta based on different climactic/ecological regions and the ways of life adapted to those regions. In the northern part of the province the Subarctic peoples relied on boreal species such as moose, woodland caribou, etc. as their main prey animals, extensively practised ice fishing, and utilized canoes, snowshoes, and toboggans for transportation.", "First Nations Development Institute First Nations Development Institute (First Nations) is a nonprofit organization that assists Native American tribes, their communities, and Native nonprofits in economic development by providing technical assistance, training, policy, and the awarding of grants. Public education is another area of focus. Charity Navigator gave First Nations Development Institute a four-star rating. The mission of First Nations is to strengthen American Indian economies to support healthy Native communities. First Nations invest in and creates innovative institutions and models that strengthen asset control and support economic development for American Indian people and their communities. We believe that when armed with the appropriate resources, Native peoples hold the capacity and ingenuity to ensure the sustainable, economic, spiritual and cultural well-being of their communities. The organization's slogan is \"Strengthening Native American Communities & Economies.\" First Nations Financial Project was founded in 1980 in Fredericksburg, Virginia, by Rebecca Adamson. In 1991 it was renamed First Nations Development Institute. In 1985, First Nations Development Institute and the Oglala Lakota College helped to support the creation of the Lakota Funds, the first Native American Community Development Financial Institution on a reservation. The Oweesta Program was created in 1986 as a model of a Community Development Financial Institution in Native American communities. First Nations Development Institute is its parent organization. The Tribal Commerce and Enterprise Management Program] (TCEMP), which provided support for Native American students to pursue graduate degrees in business, was launched in 1985 at the Yale School of Organization and Management. In 1991 it moved to the University of Minnesota's Carlson School of Management. In 1994 to 1995 First Nations Development Institute continued to expand is work in reservation economies through the Eagle Staff Fund. First Peoples Worldwide is founded in 1997 as a project of First Nations Development Institute.", "Wild edible and medicinal plants of British Columbia There are numerous wild edible and medicinal plants in British Columbia that are used traditionally by First Nations peoples. These include seaweeds, rhizomes and shoots of flowering plants, berries, and fungi. Almost all major groups of wild plants in British Columbia have edible members that are reported to have been used by the First Nations peoples. Many are still used today. However, plant foods traditionally contributed only a part of the total food intake of coastal First Nations peoples of British Columbia. Animal products were traditionally far more important than plant foods in terms of quantity consumed; however, the huge nutritional diversity traditionally provided by native plants of B.C. largely contributed to the well being of First Nations peoples of this area before these people and their land was colonized. Seaweed has been an important plant for many First Nations peoples of British Columbia. Along the coast, families still travel out to seaweed beds that have provided a highly nutritious food for thousands of years. Rich in protein, calcium, iron, B vitamins, and Vitamin A and C, dried Red laver (Porphyra abbottiae Krishnamurthy) is very nutritious and British Columbia's most important type of edible seaweed. Laver is usually gathered in great amounts in Spring. They were used traditionally by virtually all the coastal groups, with the possible exception of some Nuu-chah-nulth, or Westcoast peoples, and some Salishan peoples of Vancouver Island, and various species were used. They are harvested at their young growing stage in the spring, usually around May, the exact time depending on latitude, local conditions, and type of laver. Older plants were too tough to be eaten. Traditionally, Women were often the primary seaweed harvesters. Working from canoes, women would pull seaweed from the rocks until their canoes were full."], "answer": {"text": "Some First Nations peoples also use \"Indian Band\" in their official names.", "answer_start": 1498}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was the first nations?", "answer": {"text": "First Nations\" came into common usage in the 1980s to replace the term \"Indian band", "answer_start": 1, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Others state that the term came into common usage in the 1970s to avoid using the word \"Indian\", which some people considered offensive.", "answer_start": 156, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they refer to it as offensive?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there anything else written on this?", "answer": {"text": "Some tribal governments of Canada also use the term \"First Nations\" to refer to any indigenous, tribal or nomadic society,", "answer_start": 836, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Ae other terms used?", "answer": {"text": "using the term for such diverse groups as the Romani, Saami, Maori, Hmong, and the Australian Aborigines.", "answer_start": 959, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1c9d0ed95624418ba62ee67fd51ac950_1_q#0", "question": "When did Richard Branson's record business start?", "rewrite": "When did Richard Branson's record business start?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Virgin Group Virgin Group Ltd. is a British multinational venture capital conglomerate founded by entrepreneurs Sir Richard Branson and Nik Powell. Virgin Group's date of incorporation is listed as 1989 by Companies House, who class it as a holding company; however Virgin's business and trading activities date back to the 1970s. The net worth of Virgin Group was estimated at \u00a35\u20135.5 billion as of November 2014. The brand name \"Virgin\" arose when Richard Branson and Nik Powell formed a record shop. They considered themselves virgins in business. Branson has described the \"V\" in the logo as an expressive tick, representing the Virgin seal of approval. The original logo was a completely different design intended to be used for the record company that was founded by Richard Branson and Nik Powell. According to Richard Branson in interviews and on the Virgin website, the more recent signature logo was based on one that a designer scribbled on a napkin after a design meeting. After signing the Sex Pistols to the label it was clear that there would need to be a rethink on the design. Virgin Group has its headquarters at The Battleship Building in the Paddington district of the City of Westminster. Previously it was in The School House in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. The Virgin Group of companies have a complex structure that contains elements of a generic conglomerate and a keiretsu, and sometimes it simply licences its brand. Examples of licensing are Virgin Records and Virgin Media, which are owned by Universal Music Group and Liberty Global respectively. In mid-May 2013, the Virgin Group expressed its intention to seek out opportunities in Australia's healthcare industry to consolidate on the Group's Australian fitness centres. The Group also runs over 100 National Health Service (NHS) services in the United Kingdom and the healthcare division of medical services group Assura after entering the British healthcare industry in 2011.", "Eve Branson Evette Huntley Branson (n\u00e9e Flindt; born 12 July 1924) is a British philanthropist, child welfare advocate, and the mother of Richard Branson. Branson was born in Edmonton, Middlesex, England, the daughter of Dorothy Constance (Jenkins) and Major Rupert Ernest Huntley Flindt. As a young adult, Branson served in the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRENS) during World War II. After the war ended, Branson toured Germany as a ballet dancer with Entertainments National Service Association (ENSA). She later became an airline hostess for British South American Airways. After marrying, she ran a real estate business and was a military police officer and probation officer. She has written novels and children's books. At the age of eighty-nine, Branson launched her autobiography entitled \"Mum's the Word: The High-Flying Adventures of Eve Branson\". Throughout her life, Branson has been a child welfare advocate. She established the Eve Branson Foundation and currently serves as director. This charitable organisation provides communities in Morocco with income-generating projects and training. Branson is a member of the Board of Directors of the International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children (\"ICMEC\"), the goal of which is to help find missing children, and to stop the exploitation of children. She was a founding member of ICMEC's Board of Directors in 1999, seeking to generate awareness of the Centre's work, and her son Richard was ICMEC's founding sponsor. She was married to Edward James Branson, a former cavalryman. He died on 19 March 2011 in his sleep at the age of 93.", "Rock the Kasbah Rock the Kasbah is an annual gala fundraiser co-hosted by Sir Richard Branson and his mother Eve Branson. Funds raised go to Richard Branson's Virgin Unite foundation and also to the Eve Branson Foundation. The first Rock the Kasbah event was held on July 2, 2007 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in Los Angeles, California. Richard Branson attended the event in formal Moroccan wear and arrived at the event by way of horseback. Branson described the first Rock the Kasbah event as \"one of the best parties I've ever been to\" and musical guest Jewel performed. Funds raised at this event, via ticket sales and live and silent auctions, went to help build schools in the Atlas Mountains of Morocco, as well as three villages near Kasbah Tamadot. Celebrity guests included Buzz Aldrin and Rachel Hunter. The 2008 Rock the Kasbah event was also held at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel on October 23 in Los Angeles, California. Celebrity guests at that year's gala included Salma Hayek and Charlize Theron. While at the event, Theron said that Richard Branson \"is an incredibly compassionate human being and is coming up with really innovative ways, under this umbrella of this foundation that he has, to really give back.\" Also in attendance were Neve Campbell and Natalie Imbruglia. Richard Branson was unable to attend the 2008 event due to being at sea in an attempt to set a transatlantic sailing record. In 2009, Rock the Kasbah was held at Vibiana on October 26 in Los Angeles, California, with a mix of Moroccan and Hollywood theme. Gavin Rossdale performed and some of the celebrities in attendance were Paula Abdul, Lindsay Lohan, Sharon Stone, and Estelle.", "The 2010 event took place on November 11 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, California, with the goal to raise at minimum $500,000. At the event, Colbie Caillat and Common performed together on stage. Sam Branson, son of Richard Branson, also performed at the event with his band Delilah. Items up for auction included a 7-night stay on Branson's own Necker Island, and a Triumph Daytona 675 World Supersport motorcycle. Celebrity guests included Jennifer Love Hewitt, Justin Long, and musician Yoshiki. The fifth annual Rock the Kasbah event took place on November 16, 2011 and was held at Boulevard3 in Los Angeles, California. Performers playing at the 2011 Rock the Kasbah event included O.A.R., the Pussycat Dolls, and Mary J. Blige. Celebrities in attendance included Richard Branson and his mother, Eve Branson, Paris Hilton, Geena Davis, Stan Lee, will.i.am, and others. Items up for bid during the live auction included the opportunity to name a Virgin America airplane, a trip to meet Ben and Jerry and create a Ben and Jerry's ice cream flavor, an opportunity to swim with the sharks and Richard Branson, and more. Prior to the event, on 1 November 2011, a full-page ad on the back cover of Daily Variety magazine listed over 50 logos of the apparent partners in this event, including Virgin America, Virgin Atlantic, Virgin Galactic, Livestream, Tiffany & Co., Harry Winston, Gilt, Charitybuzz, and many others. Rock the Kasbah 2011 was broadcast live (for the first time) on Livestream.com, an internet streaming channel.", "Described as one of the largest technology competitions in the world, the challenge begins at the annual Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas with the top 10 new innovations progressing to the finals at Necker Island where Branson joins the judging panel along with technology figures and investors from Silicon Valley. The Necker Cup, an exhibition tennis tournament held at the end of the tennis season, has been held on the island annually since 2012. In February 2017, former U.S. President Barack Obama and his wife Michelle visited Necker as guests of Sir Richard Branson. On August 22, 2011, The Great House burned down in a blaze believed to be caused by lightning from Tropical Storm Irene. At the time the house was occupied by as many as twenty guests, with Branson himself staying in a residence nearby. All of the guests escaped unhurt from the burning house, which was totally destroyed. Among the twenty occupants were actress Kate Winslet, Branson's 90-year-old mother Eve and his 29-year-old daughter Holly. The Great House was subsequently rebuilt with an expanded Great Room. On September 6, 2017, Hurricane Irma, a category 5 hurricane, made landfall on Necker Island destroying most of the island. Branson was quoted as saying \"I have never seen anything like this hurricane. Necker and the whole area have been completely and utterly devastated\". By April 2018, most of the damaged structures had been rebuilt. Richard Branson was made aware that some of the islands in the British Virgin Islands were for sale in 1978. Branson soon after went to the British Virgin Islands for a holiday to investigate the prospective real estate. On first observing the islands, he envisioned using them to put up rock stars for his record label. Upon arrival, they were given a luxury villa and travelled around islands for sale by helicopter."], "answer": {"text": "Branson in 1972 launched the record label Virgin Records with Nik Powell,", "answer_start": 1264}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1c9d0ed95624418ba62ee67fd51ac950_1_q#1", "question": "what is the name of his record business?", "rewrite": "What is the name of Branson's record business?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Besides the numerous entertainment theaters for which Branson is known, other local attractions include Hollywood Wax Museum Branson, Silver Dollar City, White Water, Branson Top Ops, Mount Pleasant Winery, Dolly Parton's Stampede, ziplines, cave tours, go-karts, mini golf, and more. Ripley's Odditorium is housed in a building that has been made to look as if it is cracked wide open by an earthquake or other disaster, while the Titanic Museum is a half-scale replica of the famous ship and iceberg. Branson Landing opened in the summer of 2006 on the Lake Taneycomo waterfront in downtown Branson. The lakefront project includes retail space with Bass Pro Shops and Belk as anchors in an outdoor shopping mall of stores and restaurants. It also features a scenic boardwalk along the lakefront with the Branson Landing Fountains at the heart of the property as well as a Hilton Hotel. Branson Landing has been known to host summer concerts and other special events throughout the year. The convention center, situated between Branson Landing and Historic Downtown Branson, opened September 7, 2007. The Branson Scenic Railway is located in the old depot, across from Branson Landing. Branson is located at (36.637706, -93.254965). The White River/Lake Taneycomo forms a bend on the east and southern side of the city. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. Branson has a humid subtropical climate (\"Cfa\") with characteristics of a continental climate. The hardiness zone is 6b. The Branson Micropolitan Statistical Area encompasses Taney and Stone counties.", "Virgin Records would go on to sign other artists including the Rolling Stones, Peter Gabriel, UB40, Steve Winwood and Paula Abdul, and to become the world's largest independent record label. It also won praise for exposing the public to such obscure avant-garde music as Faust and Can. Virgin Records also introduced Culture Club to the music world. In 1982, Virgin purchased the gay nightclub Heaven. In 1991, in a consortium with David Frost, Branson made an unsuccessful bid for three ITV franchisees under the CPV-TV name. The early 1980s also saw his only attempt as a producer--on the novelty record \"Baa, Baa, Black Sheep\", by Singing Sheep in association with Doug McLean and Grace McDonald. The recording was a series of sheep baa-ing along to a drum-machine-produced track and reached number 42 in the UK charts in 1982. In 1992, to keep his airline company afloat, Branson sold the Virgin label to EMI for PS500 million. Branson said that he wept when the sale was completed because the record business had been the very start of the Virgin empire. He created V2 Records in 1996 in order to re-enter the music business, owning 5% himself.", "Jones pointed out that the BMRB had calculated its chart based purely on the panel sales data, rather than actual sales data figures, and consequently sales for singles that had sold well over the Christmas period had been underestimated. The 1978 Christmas number one, \"Mary's Boy Child\", already certified to have sold over a million copies by the end of 1978, was at number 16, behind several songs that have still not reached the million sales mark in 2015. Meanwhile, \"Merry Xmas Everyone\", which Jones calculated had sold 989,000 copies by the end of the 1970s and which was certified a million seller just nine months after the chart was produced, was only at number 67. Although the BMRB list remains the only \"official\" chart of the decade, it has since been widely discredited as unreliable. The BMRB top twenty for the 1970s was: MRIB chart (January 1980) Record Business produced its own rival list of the best-selling singles of the 1970s for the BMRB's chief competitor, the Market Research Information Bureau (MRIB). This chart was broadcast on Capital Radio (the leading UK independent radio station of the time) on 1 January 1980, the day after the BMRB/Radio 1 chart. Although the chart was unsurprisingly similar to the Record Business list that had appeared in the \"BPI Year Book\" just a few months before, there were still some changes. The Record Business/MRIB top twenty for the 1970s was:", "Branson Air Express FlyBranson Travel, LLC, branded as Branson Air Express, is a defunct air travel marketing brand, based at Branson Airport near Branson, Missouri. It commenced operations in the fall of 2009. From that date until October 31, 2010, flights were operated by Expressjet Airlines utilizing 2 Embraer EMB-145 regional jets. Beginning on November 1 all flights began to be operated by Vision Airlines using 2 Dornier 328 Turboprops. For 2011, the scaled back service was operated by a single Corporate Flight Management BAe Jetstream 41. Much like Southern Skyways or Direct Air, Branson AirExpress uses the air carrier services of DOT and FAA certificated airlines, but does not have any aircraft upon its own air carrier operating certificate. All 2012 service ended for the Autumn and winter and it did not resume in 2013. With the exit of Southwest Airlines from Branson, the concept was revived with a new name, Buzz Airways in 2014. In November 2014 service under the Branson Air Express name was revived and service transitioned to Elite Airways larger Bombardier CRJ-200 jet aircraft. Branson Air Express and Buzz Airways operated side-by-side during the summer of 2015, with CFM/Buzz Airways serving Chicago and Austin and Elite Airways operating Branson Air Express service to Denver and Houston. Additionally, on January 28, 2015, Branson AirExpress announced service operated by Orange Air to begin in May 2015 From Branson to New Orleans and Cincinnati. Flights to New Orleans continued on to Canc\u00fan. This was Branson Air Express' first large jet service, utilizing a McDonnell Douglas MD-80. Orange Air ceased operating for Branson Air Express on October 5, 2015 - the Cincinnati-Branson route was dropped and Branson-New Orleans-Canc\u00fan transferred to Elite Airways and operated through November 29 before ending for the season.", "Branson started his record business from the church where he ran Student magazine. He interviewed several prominent personalities of the late 1960s for the magazine including Mick Jagger and R. D. Laing. Branson advertised popular records in Student, and it was an overnight success. Trading under the name \"Virgin\", he sold records for considerably less than the \"High Street\" outlets, especially the chain W. H. Smith. Branson once said, \"There is no point in starting your own business unless you do it out of a sense of frustration.\" The name \"Virgin\" was suggested by one of Branson's early employees because they were all new at business. At the time, many products were sold under restrictive marketing agreements that limited discounting, despite efforts in the 1950s and 1960s to limit so-called resale price maintenance. Branson eventually started a record shop in Oxford Street in London. In 1971, he was questioned in connection with the selling of records in Virgin stores that had been declared export stock. The matter was never brought before a court because Branson agreed to repay any unpaid VAT of 33% and a PS70,000 fine. His parents re-mortgaged the family home in order to help pay the settlement. Earning enough money from his record store, Branson in 1972 launched the record label Virgin Records with Nik Powell, and bought a country estate north of Oxford in which he installed a residential recording studio, The Manor Studio. He leased studio time to fledgling artists, including multi-instrumentalist Mike Oldfield, whose debut album Tubular Bells (1973) was the first release for Virgin Records and became a chart-topping best-seller. Virgin signed such controversial bands as the Sex Pistols, which other companies were reluctant to sign."], "answer": {"text": "Virgin Records", "answer_start": 1306}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When did Richard Branson's record business start?", "answer": {"text": "Branson in 1972 launched the record label Virgin Records with Nik Powell,", "answer_start": 1264, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1c9d0ed95624418ba62ee67fd51ac950_1_q#2", "question": "why did he choose the name Virgin?", "rewrite": "Why did Branson choose the name Virgin?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Virgin Megastores Virgin Megastores is an international entertainment retailing chain, founded in early 1976 by (Sir) Richard Branson as a record shop on London's Oxford Street. In 1979 the company opened their first Megastore at the end of Oxford Street and Tottenham Court Road. The company expanded to hundreds of stores worldwide in the 1990s, but has lost a large number of stores in recent years, largely with the sale and eventual closing of the UK, US, Irish, Canadian, Australian, Italian, Spanish, French, Greek and Japanese stores. By 2015, current operations are exclusively in the Middle East and in North Africa, consisting of approximately 40 stores. Richard Branson and Nik Powell had initially run a small record shop called \"Virgin Records and Tapes\" on Notting Hill Gate, London, specialising particularly in \"krautrock\" imports, and offering bean bags and free vegetarian food for the benefit of customers listening to the music on offer. After making the shop into a success, they turned their business into a fully fledged record label, Virgin Records. The name Virgin, according to Branson (in his autobiography), arose from a colleague of his when they were brainstorming business ideas. She suggested Virgin \u2013 as they were all new to business \u2013 like \"virgins\". The first release on the label was the progressive rock album \"Tubular Bells\" by multi-instrumentalist Mike Oldfield in 1973. Virgin's first formal store opened on London's Oxford Street in January or February 1971 (exact date uncertain). In 1979 the company opened their first Megastore at the end of Oxford Street and Marble Arch. Virgin Megastores and Virgin Records operate as entirely separate entities, like many of the other Virgin companies.", "Accordingly both were sold in February the following year to Warner Music Group, and this transaction was approved by the European Union that May. Warner placed the Virgin Classics artist roster and catalogue in its Erato Records division, and the \u201cVirgin Classics\u201d name, along with \u201cEMI Classics,\u201d disappeared. Branson and Powell had initially run a small record shop called \"Virgin Records and Tapes\" on Notting Hill Gate, London, specializing in \"krautrock\" imports, and offering bean bags and free vegetarian food for the benefit of customers listening to the music on offer. The first real store was above a shoe shop at the Tottenham Court Road end of Oxford Street. After making the shop into a success, they turned their business into a fully fledged record label. The name Virgin, according to Branson (in his autobiography), arose from Tessa Watts, a colleague of his, when they were brainstorming business ideas. She suggested Virgin \u2013 as they were all new to business \u2013 like \"virgins\". The original Virgin logo (known to fans as the \"Gemini\" or \"Twins\" logo) was designed by English artist and illustrator Roger Dean: a young naked woman in mirror image with a large long-tailed serpent and the word \"Virgin\" in Dean's familiar script. A variation on the logo was used for the spin-off Caroline Records label. The first release on the label was the progressive rock album \"Tubular Bells\" by multi-instrumentalist Mike Oldfield, who was discovered by Tom Newman and brought to Simon Draper \u2013 who eventually persuaded Richard and Nik to present it as their first release in 1973, produced by Tom Newman, for which the fledgling label garnered unprecedented acclaim.", "Virgin Megastores UK Virgin Megastores was a retail chain that operated in the United Kingdom from 1971 to 2007. The company was established by Richard Branson, originally as a small record shop, and became a national chain. In 2007, the company was sold to management, and was rebranded as Zavvi. Zavvi entered administration in 2008 and subsequently closed. Richard Branson & Nik Powell had initially run a small record shop called \"Virgin Records and Tapes\" on Notting Hill Gate, London, specialising particularly in \"krautrock\" imports, and offering bean bags and free vegetarian food for the benefit of customers listening to the music on offer. After making the shop into a success, they turned their business into a fully fledged record label, Virgin Records. The name Virgin, according to Branson (in his autobiography), arose from a colleague of his when they were brainstorming business ideas. She suggested Virgin \u2013 as they were all new to business \u2013 like \"virgins\". The first release on the label was the progressive rock album \"Tubular Bells\" by multi-instrumentalist Mike Oldfield in 1973. Virgin's first formal store opened on London's Oxford Street in January or February 1971 (exact date uncertain). In 1979 the company opened their first Megastore at the end of Oxford Street and Marble Arch. Virgin Megastores and Virgin Records operate as entirely separate entities, like many of the other Virgin companies. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s Virgin Megastores opened over 100 stores in the UK, and many others around the world. Simon Wright \u2013 Chief Executive of the Virgin Entertainment Group from 1999 to 2009 was very instrumental in the worldwide growth of the stores in particular developing the stores in Asia, the Middle East, Australia and North America before their eventual disposals under licence detailed under Ownership. In 2007 the Virgin Group was looking to sell the UK and Ireland stores.", "Branson started his record business from the church where he ran Student magazine. He interviewed several prominent personalities of the late 1960s for the magazine including Mick Jagger and R. D. Laing. Branson advertised popular records in Student, and it was an overnight success. Trading under the name \"Virgin\", he sold records for considerably less than the \"High Street\" outlets, especially the chain W. H. Smith. Branson once said, \"There is no point in starting your own business unless you do it out of a sense of frustration.\" The name \"Virgin\" was suggested by one of Branson's early employees because they were all new at business. At the time, many products were sold under restrictive marketing agreements that limited discounting, despite efforts in the 1950s and 1960s to limit so-called resale price maintenance. Branson eventually started a record shop in Oxford Street in London. In 1971, he was questioned in connection with the selling of records in Virgin stores that had been declared export stock. The matter was never brought before a court because Branson agreed to repay any unpaid VAT of 33% and a PS70,000 fine. His parents re-mortgaged the family home in order to help pay the settlement. Earning enough money from his record store, Branson in 1972 launched the record label Virgin Records with Nik Powell, and bought a country estate north of Oxford in which he installed a residential recording studio, The Manor Studio. He leased studio time to fledgling artists, including multi-instrumentalist Mike Oldfield, whose debut album Tubular Bells (1973) was the first release for Virgin Records and became a chart-topping best-seller. Virgin signed such controversial bands as the Sex Pistols, which other companies were reluctant to sign.", "Virgin Records Virgin Records Ltd. is a British record label founded by entrepreneurs Richard Branson, Simon Draper, Nik Powell, and musician Tom Newman in 1972. It grew to be a worldwide phenomenon over time, with the success of platinum performers such as Aaliyah, George Michael, Paula Abdul, Janet Jackson, Roy Orbison, Devo, Tangerine Dream, Genesis, Keith Richards, the Human League, Culture Club, Simple Minds, Lenny Kravitz, dc Talk, the Smashing Pumpkins, Mike Oldfield, Gorillaz, Lewis Capaldi and Spice Girls, among others. After its acquisition by Universal Music Group through its purchase of EMI in 2012, UMG absorbed Virgin's British operations to create Virgin EMI Records in March 2013. Today, the operations of Virgin Records America, Inc., the company's North American operations founded in 1986, are still active and headquartered in Hollywood, California, and have operated exclusively under the Capitol Music Group imprint, also owned by UMG, since 2007. The US operations have also taken on the name Virgin Records. A minor number of artists remain on Virgin Records America's roster, which is currently mostly occupied with European artists such as Bastille, Circa Waves, Corinne Bailey Rae, Ella Eyre, Grizfolk, Walking on Cars, Seinabo Sey, and Prides; American artists include Knox Hamilton, L'Tric, Loren Gray, and Rise Against. Virgin Classics was founded in 1988 as part of Virgin Records. Along with EMI Classics, it too was acquired by Universal in 2012 as part of the takeover of the EMI Group. But the terms of the European Commission's approval of the takeover required divestment of the two classical labels."], "answer": {"text": "The name \"Virgin\" was suggested by one of Branson's early employees because they were all new at business.", "answer_start": 538}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Richard Branson's record business start?", "answer": {"text": "Branson in 1972 launched the record label Virgin Records with Nik Powell,", "answer_start": 1264, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the name of his record business?", "answer": {"text": "Virgin Records", "answer_start": 1306, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1c9d0ed95624418ba62ee67fd51ac950_1_q#3", "question": "what bands did they sign?", "rewrite": "What bands did Virgin Records sign?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Label / Catalog #: Virgin Records US: 46753 Release Date: November 17, 1998 Label / Catalog #: Virgin Records US: 46796 Release Date: February 23, 1999 Label / Catalog #: Virgin Records US: 46986 Release Date: February 6, 2001 Label / Catalog #: Virgin Records US: 50935 Release Date: October 1, 2002 Label / Catalog #: Virgin Records US: 12082 Release Date: February 24, 2004 Label / Catalog #: Virgin Records US: 96797", "Pure Moods Pure Moods was the first United States release of a series of compilation albums of new-age music released by Virgin Records. The original was titled \"Moods \u2013 A contemporary Soundtrack\" and released in the UK in 1991. This was followed by \"Moods 2\" in 1992. The series focuses on the genres of new-age, ambient, world music, and to a lesser extent, downtempo, trip-hop and smooth jazz. Several artists are featured regularly throughout the series such as Massive Attack, Moby, Delerium, Enigma, Enya, Adiemus, Sacred Spirit and Yanni. The original volume of the series was initially promoted and sold by direct response television commercials. The first volume was initially released in 1994, with a different track listing to the 1997 re-release. There are nine albums released by Virgin Records in the series \u2014 five \"main entry\" albums and four spin-off albums (Celtic, Scottish, Instrumental) and Christmas. \" Scottish Moods\" stands alone as an album featuring a single performer, David Methen and The Munros, while all the others are albums featuring multiple groups. Pinnacle Records has released a similarly named series of albums using the \"Pure x Moods\" naming scheme, such as \"Pure Rock Moods\", \"Pure Tranquil Moods\", etc. but these albums are unrelated to the series released by Virgin Records. Release Date: April 1, 1997 Label / Catalog #: Virgin Records US: 42186 UPC: 7 24384 21862 1 Release Date: November 6, 1995 Label / Catalogue Number: Virgin Records UK: VTCD 65 UPC: 7 24384 11232 5 Release Date: November 11, 1997 Label / Catalog #: Virgin Records US: 44951 Release Date: February 24, 1998 Label / Catalog #: Virgin Records US: 45397 Release Date: October 20, 1998", "Virgin EMI Records Virgin EMI Records is a British record label owned by the Universal Music Group that was formed in 2013. Virgin EMI Records was founded in March 2013 through the merger of Mercury Records UK and Virgin Records. It operates two distinct A&R and marketing streams\u2014Virgin and EMI Records. Virgin EMI became one of Universal Music UK's front-line labels, alongside Polydor Records, Island Records, Decca Records, and a newly established Capitol Records UK. Mercury Records UK, which traditionally released International Island and Def Jam artists in the UK will now operate as an imprint under Virgin EMI along with Universal Island, which also released Republic Records artists in that country The new label will replace Mercury and Virgin as the releasing label in the UK, for Def Jam and Island US's international roster as well as Virgin Records America artists. Virgin EMI's artists include Carrie Underwood, Taylor Swift, Florence and the Machine, Lewis Capaldi, Corinne Bailey Rae, Katy Perry, Emeli Sande, The Chemical Brothers, Jamiroquai, Slaves, The Libertines, Jake Bugg, Fall Out Boy, Lorde, Chase & Status, Metallica, Avicii, Elton John, Chvrches, Paul McCartney, Blossoms, Loyle Carner, Martin Solveig, Bon Jovi, The Vamps, George Michael, The Stone Roses, HRVY, Vic Mensa, Massive Attack, Avenged Sevenfold, Paul Simon, Krept and Konan, Katy B, Amy Macdonald, Duke Dumont, Kanye West, Westlife and Four of Diamonds. Furthermore, Mike Oldfield, whose \"Tubular Bells\" album launched the original Virgin Records, is also a Virgin EMI artist.", "Virgin Records Virgin Records Ltd. is a British record label founded by entrepreneurs Richard Branson, Simon Draper, Nik Powell, and musician Tom Newman in 1972. It grew to be a worldwide phenomenon over time, with the success of platinum performers such as Aaliyah, George Michael, Paula Abdul, Janet Jackson, Roy Orbison, Devo, Tangerine Dream, Genesis, Keith Richards, the Human League, Culture Club, Simple Minds, Lenny Kravitz, dc Talk, the Smashing Pumpkins, Mike Oldfield, Gorillaz, Lewis Capaldi and Spice Girls, among others. After its acquisition by Universal Music Group through its purchase of EMI in 2012, UMG absorbed Virgin's British operations to create Virgin EMI Records in March 2013. Today, the operations of Virgin Records America, Inc., the company's North American operations founded in 1986, are still active and headquartered in Hollywood, California, and have operated exclusively under the Capitol Music Group imprint, also owned by UMG, since 2007. The US operations have also taken on the name Virgin Records. A minor number of artists remain on Virgin Records America's roster, which is currently mostly occupied with European artists such as Bastille, Circa Waves, Corinne Bailey Rae, Ella Eyre, Grizfolk, Walking on Cars, Seinabo Sey, and Prides; American artists include Knox Hamilton, L'Tric, Loren Gray, and Rise Against. Virgin Classics was founded in 1988 as part of Virgin Records. Along with EMI Classics, it too was acquired by Universal in 2012 as part of the takeover of the EMI Group. But the terms of the European Commission's approval of the takeover required divestment of the two classical labels.", ", Does It Offend You, Yeah?, Massive Attack, The Future Sound of London, Blur (US), The Chemical Brothers, Gorillaz, Paula Abdul (contract ended in 1999), Brooke Allison, The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus, The Almost, Mariah Carey (contract ended in 2001), N.E.R.D., Laura Marling, Swami, RBD, Thal\u00eda and Priscilla Renea. In 1997, Virgin absorbed the remainder of EMI Records US, which earlier consolidated EMI America Records and Manhattan Records, with Capitol Records acquiring EMI's other American operations, and in 1998, opened a country music division called Virgin Records Nashville, of which record producer Scott Hendricks was president. The label's signees comprised Julie Reeves, Jerry Kilgore, Roy D. Mercer, Tom Mabe, Chris Cagle, Clay Davidson, and River Road. In 2001, Virgin Nashville closed and its roster was folded into Capitol Records' Nashville division. Capitol Records and Virgin Records America were merged in 2007 to create Capitol Music Group after a massive restructuring of EMI Group Ltd. Stepping down as chief executive of Capitol Records was Andy Slater, with Jason Flom, former executive of Virgin, taking the reins as chairman and CEO of the newly created company. Soon after Virgin Records was founded, the label created a music publisher for its artists, who also served as songwriters. Starting in the 1980s, Virgin Music signed songwriters from other record labels. After Virgin was acquired by EMI, the publisher was folded into EMI Music Publishing as EMI Virgin Music. In 2012, a consortium led by Sony/ATV Music Publishing acquired EMI Music Publishing for $2.2 billion. However, the European Union ruled that Sony/ATV would represent over half of all the charting hits in the United Kingdom, and required the company to auction off Virgin Music and Famous Music UK, as well as twelve unrelated authors."], "answer": {"text": "Virgin signed such controversial bands as the Sex Pistols,", "answer_start": 1665}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Richard Branson's record business start?", "answer": {"text": "Branson in 1972 launched the record label Virgin Records with Nik Powell,", "answer_start": 1264, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the name of his record business?", "answer": {"text": "Virgin Records", "answer_start": 1306, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he choose the name Virgin?", "answer": {"text": "The name \"Virgin\" was suggested by one of Branson's early employees because they were all new at business.", "answer_start": 538, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1c9d0ed95624418ba62ee67fd51ac950_1_q#4", "question": "any other bands?", "rewrite": "Other than the Sex Pistols, did Virgin Records sign any other bands?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Glen Matlock Glen Matlock (born 27 August 1956) is an English musician best known for being the bass guitarist in the original line-up of the punk rock band the Sex Pistols. He is credited as a co-author on 10 of the 12 songs on \"Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols\", although he had left the band while the album was being recorded. He left the band in 1977 over creative differences with the other band members. Since leaving the Sex Pistols in 1977, he has performed with several other bands, as well has his own solo work. After the death of his replacement in the Sex Pistols, Sid Vicious, Matlock has resumed bass guitar duties for subsequent Sex Pistols reunions, including the 1996 Filthy Lucre Tour, the 2002 concert to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II, their 2003 North American Piss Off Tour, and their 2007\u201308 UK and Europe Combine Harvester Tour. Matlock attended Saint Martin's School of Art until 1974. He was the original bass player of the Sex Pistols, having been introduced to guitarist Steve Jones and drummer Paul Cook while working in SEX, Malcolm McLaren's clothing boutique in London. He is credited as co-writer on 10 of the 12 songs appearing on the album \"Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols\". However, his overall contribution to these songs has been disputed: Jones said in a 2011 interview he was \"tired of Matlock's claims that he had co-written some of the punk icon's biggest tunes\", stating that he himself had written as many songs as Matlock, whilst Matlock himself notes in his book that the band only wrote two songs after his departure.", "The Professionals (band) The Professionals are an English punk rock band active from 1979 to early 1982 and again from 2015. They were formed by ex-Sex Pistols guitarist Steve Jones and drummer Paul Cook after that band's demise. The Professionals were formed in 1979 by guitarist Steve Jones and drummer Paul Cook, both formerly of the Sex Pistols. In the previous year, Johnny Rotten had left the Sex Pistols, and both Cook and Jones had sung lead for the late Sex Pistols recordings \"Silly Thing\" and \"Lonely Boy\". For these recordings, Lightning Raiders bassist Andy Allan was employed as a session musician. After the Sex Pistols officially split and broke ties with manager Malcolm McLaren, this line-up was resurrected as the Professionals, and signed to Virgin Records, the same label as the Sex Pistols. In July 1980, the Professionals released their first single, \"Just Another Dream\", which also included a video promo. This was followed by a second single \"1-2-3\" in October, which reached No. 43 in the UK Singles Charts. Shortly after the second single's release, Cook and Jones had plans to debut a self-titled LP during that same year. But there were some legal problems, as Allan had no recording contract with Virgin. He sued the record company, claiming he had never been credited nor paid by them. Consequently, Virgin's compilation album \"Cash Cows\", which featured the Professionals' track \"Kick Down the Doors\", was withdrawn and the album was shelved. After Allan left the band, he was replaced by ex-Subway Sect bassist Paul Myers, with Ray McVeigh also joining the band as a second guitarist. The new line-up of the Professionals later re-recorded previous material so that Allan would not be owed any further royalties. The Professionals were first managed by Dave Hill, who had managed Johnny Thunders and was managing the Pretenders.", "Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols is the only studio album by English punk rock band the Sex Pistols, released on 28 October 1977 by Virgin Records. The album has influenced many bands and musicians, and the industry in general. In particular, the album's raw energy, and Johnny Rotten's sneering delivery and \"half-singing\", are often considered game-changing. It is frequently listed as the most influential punk album, and one of the most important albums of all time. By the time of its release, the Sex Pistols were controversial, having sworn on live TV, been fired from two record labels, and been banned from playing live in some parts of England. The album title added to that controversy, with some people finding the word \"bollocks\" offensive. Many record stores refused to carry it and some record charts refused to list its title, showing just a blank space instead. Due in part to its notoriety, and in spite of many sales bans at major retailers, the album debuted at number one on the UK Album Charts. It went gold only a few weeks later, on 17 November. It remained a best-seller for over a year, spending 60 weeks in the top 25. It has seen several reissues, the latest in 2012. Close to completing a deal with A&M Records, in March 1977 the Sex Pistols entered Wessex Sound Studios to record with producer Chris Thomas and engineer Bill Price. New bassist Sid Vicious played on the track \"Bodies\", but his performing skills were not considered fit to record the full album, so the band asked manager Malcolm McLaren to convince previous bassist Glen Matlock to perform the instrument for the sessions. Matlock agreed on the condition that he was paid beforehand. When payment was not received, he declined to attend.", "In July 1979, Pursey told the NME that they had recorded 10 songs \u2014 seven originals and three cover versions \u2014 and that they would be ready to tour by September that year. Among the songs the group were planning to play live were \"Silly Thing\", \"Lonely Boy\", \"Submission\" and \"Pretty Vacant\" from the Sex Pistols and \"Joey's on the Street\" and \" If the Kids are United\" from Sham 69. In the liner notes to the CD \"The Complete Professionals\" Phil Singleton states that songs run through in the studio on 6 and 9 August included \"Some Play Dirty\", \"Natural Born Killer\", \"Silly Thing\", \" Here We Go Again\" \"1-2-3\" and \"Kamikaze\". Sham 69 were still contractually bound to deliver a further two albums for Polydor and with Cook and Jones signed to Virgin this meant Virgin coming to an arrangement with Polydor. Pursey had wanted to use the name 'The Sex Pistols' while Paul Cook later stated that he and Jones had no intention of using the name. Pursey had told Gary Bushell \" Now I feel that the Pistols can be a band that have something to say. We're not digging the name up just to make money out of it like Virgin did with Vicious\". Simon Draper, Managing Director of Virgin Records told Melody Maker \"Whoever joins Cook and Jones will be part of the Sex Pistols\". Time was spent recording at Manor Studios in Oxfordshire where \"Natural Born Killer\" was produced. This was later reworked as The Professionals' \"Kick Down the Doors\". Another song \"Some Play Dirty\" was quoted with lyrics by Pursey in an interview with Nick Kent in the NME of October 1979.", "Ex Pistols The Ex Pistols were a punk rock band from London, formed in 1979 by former Sex Pistols producer Dave Goodman. Goodman put the group together after his services were substituted for those of other producers on the Sex Pistols album Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols. The Ex Pistols existed as a sound-alike band meant to mislead fans due to the similar music, name, and artwork, until 1992 when the Sex Pistols successfully sued Dave Goodman and he was no longer allowed to use the name. The first Ex Pistols release \"Land of Hope and Glory\" was a punk rock version of the old English classic \"Land of Hope and Glory\" by Edward Elgar. Not only did it confuse fans but it also caused legal trouble between Dave Goodman and the publisher of the original piece, Boosey & Hawkes. The next recordings would appear on numerous Sex Pistols compilation albums including the songs \"Schools Are Prisons\" and \"Revolution in the Classroom\". The \"band\" re-appeared in 1988 with an album released in Japan, \"The Swindle Continues\". The album was made up of the band performing Ex and Sex Pistols tracks. It came in the form of a double picture disc collectable LP, and was also released in plain vinyl form (and later, CD). In 1992 their tracks surfaced again on a limited promo album, \"Deny\". The album consisted entirely of original Ex Pistols tracks, and was never merchandised but instead given to fans of the Sex Pistols or left in Virgin stores with a \"Free\" sticker."], "answer": {"text": "Virgin Records would go on to sign other artists including the Rolling Stones, Peter Gabriel, UB40, Steve Winwood and Paula Abdul,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Richard Branson's record business start?", "answer": {"text": "Branson in 1972 launched the record label Virgin Records with Nik Powell,", "answer_start": 1264, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the name of his record business?", "answer": {"text": "Virgin Records", "answer_start": 1306, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he choose the name Virgin?", "answer": {"text": "The name \"Virgin\" was suggested by one of Branson's early employees because they were all new at business.", "answer_start": 538, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what bands did they sign?", "answer": {"text": "Virgin signed such controversial bands as the Sex Pistols,", "answer_start": 1665, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1c9d0ed95624418ba62ee67fd51ac950_1_q#5", "question": "where was Virgin located?", "rewrite": "Where was Virgin located?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It was located at an altitude of 1320 meters and was also known by the name monastery Klymendou or simply as an old monastery (Palaiomonastirio). In 1823 it was partially burned down by the Ottomans, in 1833 one of the monks caused a fire that completely destroyed the monastery. Since 1913, a chapel stands at that place. Northeast of the town of Ritini lies the monastery of St. George. The oldest paintings of the monastery were dated to the year 1494. One of these frescoes shows St. George riding a dragon, another shows Jesus Christ on the cross. The other frescoes of the Katholikon date back to 1619. During World War II the monastery was abandoned. At the northern end of the village of Ano Skotina is the church of Agios Athanasios. The main part of the church and the narthex dates back to 1656, the other parts of the building were added later. The church is known for its frescoes. The monastery is located on a hill, 1.5 kilometers north of Kontariotissa. The foundation was in 1983, the nuns inhabited monastery is under the diocese of Kitros-Katerini. The convent to the Blessed Virgin located east of Rapsani was founded in 1997.", "Wendens Ambo Wendens Ambo is a village in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England. The population at the 2011 census was measured at 473. Its unusual name, \"ambo\" being the Latin for \"both\", originates from the merging of two originally separate villages called Wenden Magna (or Great Wenden) and Wenden Parva (or Little Wenden). Wendens Ambo is approximately two miles south-west of the market town of Saffron Walden, fifteen miles south of Cambridge and forty miles north of London. Within the village is Audley End railway station which is the main station for Audley End House and Saffron Walden. The earliest signs of settlement are from the Roman period. Remains of a villa were found during an excavation in 1853, and finds of flint tools from 300\u2013200 BC suggest an even earlier settlement. It is likely that the farming community of Wenden probably started around the 6th and 7th centuries, taking its name from the valley in which it lies: Wendene. The Domesday Book contains the first written account of Wenden Magna and Wenden Parva. Wenden Magna was owned by Robert Gernon, a Frenchman who also had land in Stansted and Takeley. Wenden Parva was also owned by a Frenchman, William de Warenne. The Wendens passed through the Middle Ages as very ordinary English villages, with their parish church of St Mary the Virgin located in Wenden Magna. A third Wenden, higher up the valley to the west is Wenden Lofts (probably the \"Loutes Wenden\" mentioned in a legal record of 1470, where the nearby villages of \"Arkysden\" & \"Elmedon\" are also mentioned.) During the 17th century work began to rebuild the village dwellings, some of which are still occupied today.", "Gaillard de Durfort of Duras decided to convert Gageac into a residence, which was later added to by the d'Essenault de Castelnau and then by the du Reclus. All of these embellished the ch\u00e2teau to make it more livable. During the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, Gageac was profoundly transformed and beautified. The main building was extended upwards by attics, 3 doubles and 2 singles from north to south. There is still one in the front, a floor was removed and large windows were opened. On the way to the pigeon loft, there is a small well-shaped square, one of the oldest in the village. Legend says that the Virgin used to appear, and processions took place there each year with the gilded image of the Virgin located right in the chapel of the church. The impressive pigeon loft of 7 meters in diameter and about 10 meters high was built facing the castle and was the mark of Lordship. The pigeon loft had several functions: to provide meat and to produce fertilizer for the vineyard. The ground level was designed for poultry. The dovecote was situated on the first floor. Nest boxes were accessible with a ladder but we do not know the number because the interior has been modified over the years. The regulation of the number of nests was strict and could not be more than per nest. The pigeon loft bears a stone above the front door, but we do not know its meaning. The frame, cover and upper frieze were completely restored in 2009. du Reclus\u2019 family, who had visited the court of Versailles for the favor of the King, had a very expensive life, so Gageac was forgotten. In the 19th century the buildings were in very bad condition; the Doussaut de la Primaudiere helped by their son-in-law renovated the castle with modern techniques.", "Among cultural heritage include the Church of the Holy Virgin located in the town, the 14th-century \u010coke\u0161ina Monastery, the 13th-century Trono\u0161a Monastery, and monuments on Mount Gu\u010devo, in Tekeri\u0161, and in Draginac, as well as the ethnic village of Tr\u0161i\u0107. A Serbian epic poem is the \"Battle of Loznica\" in which the central figure Anta Bogi\u010devi\u0107 leads Serbian forces during the First Serbian Uprising. The most important local cultural event is \"Vukov Sabor\" (Council of Vuk) in Tr\u0161i\u0107, held annually in September, in memory of Vuk Stefanovi\u0107 Karad\u017ei\u0107 who was born in the village; it remains the oldest and largest cultural event in Serbia, for its importance and the increasing volume (20-30,000 visitors). Loznica's local football club is called FK Loznica, with the Lagator Stadium as home ground. The largest factory of Loznica was \"HI Viskoza Loznica\", founded in 1957 with over 10,000 employees (1981), at the time when the city had 18,000 inhabitants. Production of trailers was primarily in the factory \"FAK Loznica\", and textile production in \"Moda\" Loznica. Italian manufacturer of stockings and women's underwear \"Golden Lady\" has a factory in Loznica, exporting to countries of the European Union. For now the factory employs 550 workers. Also, one of the largest lithium mines (Jadar mine) in Serbia with total reserves of 125.3 million tonnes is located in Lozncica. The following table gives a preview of total number of employed people per their core activity (as of 2017):", "Iglesia de San Francisco, Antigua Guatemala San Francisco el Grande is a church in Antigua Guatemala, Guatemala and one of the most frequented sanctuaries by the local population because of the shrine of Peter of Saint Joseph Betancur (\"Santo Hermano Pedro\"). When Franciscan missionaries arrived in Guatemala from Spain in 1530 they were assigned 120 villages by the civil authorities. They were the first to move to the Panchoy Valley in 1541 where they built a church at the site of today's School of Christ (\"Escuela de Cristo\"). This chapel was severely damaged in 1565 and during the next ten years donations were collected to build a new sanctuary located two blocks away in 1579. Parts of this construction, maybe the only ones in Antigua which date back to the 16th century, can be appreciated at one side of today's sanctuary. San Francisco el Grande became a significant religious and cultural center for the whole region. Theology, law, philosophy, physics and mathematics were taught at San Buenaventury College, located in today's monastery ruins. The college also favoured painters of the colonial era such as Crist\u00f3bal de Villalpando, Thomas de Merlo and Alonzo de la Paz. The chapel and cloister were expanded during the 17th century. In 1684 the structure was reinforced and withstood the earthquake of 1691. The church itself was built by Diego de Porres and inaugurated in 1702. The 1717 earthquake damaged the structure severely. So did the earthquake of 1751. The site was partly destroyed during the 1773 earthquake and has been reconstructed in parts but areas of ruin still remain. The fountain of the main corridor was taken to La Merced's atrium in 1944. The colonial image of the Virgin located behind the main altar fell down during the 1976 earthquake."], "answer": {"text": "Branson eventually started a record shop in Oxford Street in London.", "answer_start": 831}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Richard Branson's record business start?", "answer": {"text": "Branson in 1972 launched the record label Virgin Records with Nik Powell,", "answer_start": 1264, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the name of his record business?", "answer": {"text": "Virgin Records", "answer_start": 1306, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he choose the name Virgin?", "answer": {"text": "The name \"Virgin\" was suggested by one of Branson's early employees because they were all new at business.", "answer_start": 538, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what bands did they sign?", "answer": {"text": "Virgin signed such controversial bands as the Sex Pistols,", "answer_start": 1665, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any other bands?", "answer": {"text": "Virgin Records would go on to sign other artists including the Rolling Stones, Peter Gabriel, UB40, Steve Winwood and Paula Abdul,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_1c9d0ed95624418ba62ee67fd51ac950_1_q#6", "question": "what is a notable fact about his record business?", "rewrite": "What is a notable fact about Branson's record business?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jones pointed out that the BMRB had calculated its chart based purely on the panel sales data, rather than actual sales data figures, and consequently sales for singles that had sold well over the Christmas period had been underestimated. The 1978 Christmas number one, \"Mary's Boy Child\", already certified to have sold over a million copies by the end of 1978, was at number 16, behind several songs that have still not reached the million sales mark in 2015. Meanwhile, \"Merry Xmas Everyone\", which Jones calculated had sold 989,000 copies by the end of the 1970s and which was certified a million seller just nine months after the chart was produced, was only at number 67. Although the BMRB list remains the only \"official\" chart of the decade, it has since been widely discredited as unreliable. The BMRB top twenty for the 1970s was: MRIB chart (January 1980) Record Business produced its own rival list of the best-selling singles of the 1970s for the BMRB's chief competitor, the Market Research Information Bureau (MRIB). This chart was broadcast on Capital Radio (the leading UK independent radio station of the time) on 1 January 1980, the day after the BMRB/Radio 1 chart. Although the chart was unsurprisingly similar to the Record Business list that had appeared in the \"BPI Year Book\" just a few months before, there were still some changes. The Record Business/MRIB top twenty for the 1970s was:", "Besides the numerous entertainment theaters for which Branson is known, other local attractions include Hollywood Wax Museum Branson, Silver Dollar City, White Water, Branson Top Ops, Mount Pleasant Winery, Dolly Parton's Stampede, ziplines, cave tours, go-karts, mini golf, and more. Ripley's Odditorium is housed in a building that has been made to look as if it is cracked wide open by an earthquake or other disaster, while the Titanic Museum is a half-scale replica of the famous ship and iceberg. Branson Landing opened in the summer of 2006 on the Lake Taneycomo waterfront in downtown Branson. The lakefront project includes retail space with Bass Pro Shops and Belk as anchors in an outdoor shopping mall of stores and restaurants. It also features a scenic boardwalk along the lakefront with the Branson Landing Fountains at the heart of the property as well as a Hilton Hotel. Branson Landing has been known to host summer concerts and other special events throughout the year. The convention center, situated between Branson Landing and Historic Downtown Branson, opened September 7, 2007. The Branson Scenic Railway is located in the old depot, across from Branson Landing. Branson is located at (36.637706, -93.254965). The White River/Lake Taneycomo forms a bend on the east and southern side of the city. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. Branson has a humid subtropical climate (\"Cfa\") with characteristics of a continental climate. The hardiness zone is 6b. The Branson Micropolitan Statistical Area encompasses Taney and Stone counties.", "Branson started his record business from the church where he ran Student magazine. He interviewed several prominent personalities of the late 1960s for the magazine including Mick Jagger and R. D. Laing. Branson advertised popular records in Student, and it was an overnight success. Trading under the name \"Virgin\", he sold records for considerably less than the \"High Street\" outlets, especially the chain W. H. Smith. Branson once said, \"There is no point in starting your own business unless you do it out of a sense of frustration.\" The name \"Virgin\" was suggested by one of Branson's early employees because they were all new at business. At the time, many products were sold under restrictive marketing agreements that limited discounting, despite efforts in the 1950s and 1960s to limit so-called resale price maintenance. Branson eventually started a record shop in Oxford Street in London. In 1971, he was questioned in connection with the selling of records in Virgin stores that had been declared export stock. The matter was never brought before a court because Branson agreed to repay any unpaid VAT of 33% and a PS70,000 fine. His parents re-mortgaged the family home in order to help pay the settlement. Earning enough money from his record store, Branson in 1972 launched the record label Virgin Records with Nik Powell, and bought a country estate north of Oxford in which he installed a residential recording studio, The Manor Studio. He leased studio time to fledgling artists, including multi-instrumentalist Mike Oldfield, whose debut album Tubular Bells (1973) was the first release for Virgin Records and became a chart-topping best-seller. Virgin signed such controversial bands as the Sex Pistols, which other companies were reluctant to sign.", "Branson Air Express FlyBranson Travel, LLC, branded as Branson Air Express, is a defunct air travel marketing brand, based at Branson Airport near Branson, Missouri. It commenced operations in the fall of 2009. From that date until October 31, 2010, flights were operated by Expressjet Airlines utilizing 2 Embraer EMB-145 regional jets. Beginning on November 1 all flights began to be operated by Vision Airlines using 2 Dornier 328 Turboprops. For 2011, the scaled back service was operated by a single Corporate Flight Management BAe Jetstream 41. Much like Southern Skyways or Direct Air, Branson AirExpress uses the air carrier services of DOT and FAA certificated airlines, but does not have any aircraft upon its own air carrier operating certificate. All 2012 service ended for the Autumn and winter and it did not resume in 2013. With the exit of Southwest Airlines from Branson, the concept was revived with a new name, Buzz Airways in 2014. In November 2014 service under the Branson Air Express name was revived and service transitioned to Elite Airways larger Bombardier CRJ-200 jet aircraft. Branson Air Express and Buzz Airways operated side-by-side during the summer of 2015, with CFM/Buzz Airways serving Chicago and Austin and Elite Airways operating Branson Air Express service to Denver and Houston. Additionally, on January 28, 2015, Branson AirExpress announced service operated by Orange Air to begin in May 2015 From Branson to New Orleans and Cincinnati. Flights to New Orleans continued on to Canc\u00fan. This was Branson Air Express' first large jet service, utilizing a McDonnell Douglas MD-80. Orange Air ceased operating for Branson Air Express on October 5, 2015 - the Cincinnati-Branson route was dropped and Branson-New Orleans-Canc\u00fan transferred to Elite Airways and operated through November 29 before ending for the season.", "Virgin Records would go on to sign other artists including the Rolling Stones, Peter Gabriel, UB40, Steve Winwood and Paula Abdul, and to become the world's largest independent record label. It also won praise for exposing the public to such obscure avant-garde music as Faust and Can. Virgin Records also introduced Culture Club to the music world. In 1982, Virgin purchased the gay nightclub Heaven. In 1991, in a consortium with David Frost, Branson made an unsuccessful bid for three ITV franchisees under the CPV-TV name. The early 1980s also saw his only attempt as a producer--on the novelty record \"Baa, Baa, Black Sheep\", by Singing Sheep in association with Doug McLean and Grace McDonald. The recording was a series of sheep baa-ing along to a drum-machine-produced track and reached number 42 in the UK charts in 1982. In 1992, to keep his airline company afloat, Branson sold the Virgin label to EMI for PS500 million. Branson said that he wept when the sale was completed because the record business had been the very start of the Virgin empire. He created V2 Records in 1996 in order to re-enter the music business, owning 5% himself."], "answer": {"text": "to become the world's largest independent record label.", "answer_start": 135}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When did Richard Branson's record business start?", "answer": {"text": "Branson in 1972 launched the record label Virgin Records with Nik Powell,", "answer_start": 1264, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the name of his record business?", "answer": {"text": "Virgin Records", "answer_start": 1306, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he choose the name Virgin?", "answer": {"text": "The name \"Virgin\" was suggested by one of Branson's early employees because they were all new at business.", "answer_start": 538, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what bands did they sign?", "answer": {"text": "Virgin signed such controversial bands as the Sex Pistols,", "answer_start": 1665, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any other bands?", "answer": {"text": "Virgin Records would go on to sign other artists including the Rolling Stones, Peter Gabriel, UB40, Steve Winwood and Paula Abdul,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "where was Virgin located?", "answer": {"text": "Branson eventually started a record shop in Oxford Street in London.", "answer_start": 831, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1c9d0ed95624418ba62ee67fd51ac950_1_q#7", "question": "does he still have Virgin records?", "rewrite": "Does Branson still have Virgin Records?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["From this time onward, Virgin Canada used unique label designs not seen in other countries: a red label with five horizontal bars across the top and an extra-large \"scrawl\" logo from 1983 to 1985, followed by a purple label with round logo up to 1992 when Virgin was acquired internationally. Virgin Records was sold by Branson to Thorn EMI in June 1992 for a reported US$1 billion (around \u00a3560 million), with a special non-competition clause that would prevent Branson from founding another recording company during the five years following the agreement (see the final paragraph in EU Merger Decision IV/M202 of 27.04.1992). It now faces competition from Branson's new label: V2 Records. Branson sold Virgin Records to fund Virgin Atlantic Airways which at that time was coming under intense anti-competitive pressure from British Airways. (In 1993 BA settled a libel action brought by Branson, giving him \u00a3500,000 and a further \u00a3110,000 to his airline). After being acquired by Thorn EMI, Virgin launched several subsidiaries like Realworld Records, Innocent Records, blues speciality label Point Blank Records, and Hut Records, and continued signing new and established artists like Korn, A Fine Frenzy, Thirty Seconds to Mars, Tina Turner, Depeche Mode, Beenie Man, The Rolling Stones, Spice Girls, The Smashing Pumpkins, We Are Scientists, Darren Hayes, The Kooks, Lenny Kravitz, dcTalk (mainstream releases, contract ended in 2000), Captain Beefheart, Meat Loaf, Placebo, Janet Jackson ( contract ended in 2006), Daft Punk (contract ended in 2008), My Favorite Highway", "However, in April 2011, Branson announced further delays, saying \u201cI hope 18 months from now, we\u2019ll be sitting in our spaceship and heading off into space\u201d. By February 2012, SpaceShipTwo had completed 15 test flights attached to White Knight Two, and an additional 16 glide tests, the last of which took place in September 2011. A rocket-powered test flight of SpaceShipTwo took place on April 29, 2013, with an engine burn of 16 seconds duration. The brief flight began at an altitude of 47,000 feet, and reached a maximum altitude of 55,000 feet. While the SS2 achieved a speed of Mach 1.2 (920 mph), this was less than half the 2,000 mph speed predicted by Richard Branson. SpaceShipTwo's second supersonic flight achieved a speed of 1,100 mph for 20 seconds; while this was an improvement, it fell far short of the 2,500 mph for 70 seconds required to carry six passengers into space. However, Branson still announced his spaceship would be capable of \"launching 100 satellites every day\". On May 14, 2013, Richard Branson stated on Virgin Radio Dubai's Kris Fade Morning Show that he would be aboard the first public flight of SpaceShipTwo, which had again been rescheduled, this time to December 25, 2013. \"Maybe I\u2019ll dress up as Father Christmas\", Branson said. The third rocket-powered test flight of SpaceShipTwo took place on January 10, 2014 and successfully tested the spaceship's Reaction Control System (RCS) and the newly installed thermal protection coating on the vehicle's tail booms. Virgin Galactic CEO George Whitesides said \u201cWe are progressively closer to our target of starting commercial service in 2014\".", "Virgin Records Virgin Records Ltd. is a British record label founded by entrepreneurs Richard Branson, Simon Draper, Nik Powell, and musician Tom Newman in 1972. It grew to be a worldwide phenomenon over time, with the success of platinum performers such as Aaliyah, George Michael, Paula Abdul, Janet Jackson, Roy Orbison, Devo, Tangerine Dream, Genesis, Keith Richards, the Human League, Culture Club, Simple Minds, Lenny Kravitz, dc Talk, the Smashing Pumpkins, Mike Oldfield, Gorillaz, Lewis Capaldi and Spice Girls, among others. After its acquisition by Universal Music Group through its purchase of EMI in 2012, UMG absorbed Virgin's British operations to create Virgin EMI Records in March 2013. Today, the operations of Virgin Records America, Inc., the company's North American operations founded in 1986, are still active and headquartered in Hollywood, California, and have operated exclusively under the Capitol Music Group imprint, also owned by UMG, since 2007. The US operations have also taken on the name Virgin Records. A minor number of artists remain on Virgin Records America's roster, which is currently mostly occupied with European artists such as Bastille, Circa Waves, Corinne Bailey Rae, Ella Eyre, Grizfolk, Walking on Cars, Seinabo Sey, and Prides; American artists include Knox Hamilton, L'Tric, Loren Gray, and Rise Against. Virgin Classics was founded in 1988 as part of Virgin Records. Along with EMI Classics, it too was acquired by Universal in 2012 as part of the takeover of the EMI Group. But the terms of the European Commission's approval of the takeover required divestment of the two classical labels.", "Virgin Megastores UK Virgin Megastores was a retail chain that operated in the United Kingdom from 1971 to 2007. The company was established by Richard Branson, originally as a small record shop, and became a national chain. In 2007, the company was sold to management, and was rebranded as Zavvi. Zavvi entered administration in 2008 and subsequently closed. Richard Branson & Nik Powell had initially run a small record shop called \"Virgin Records and Tapes\" on Notting Hill Gate, London, specialising particularly in \"krautrock\" imports, and offering bean bags and free vegetarian food for the benefit of customers listening to the music on offer. After making the shop into a success, they turned their business into a fully fledged record label, Virgin Records. The name Virgin, according to Branson (in his autobiography), arose from a colleague of his when they were brainstorming business ideas. She suggested Virgin \u2013 as they were all new to business \u2013 like \"virgins\". The first release on the label was the progressive rock album \"Tubular Bells\" by multi-instrumentalist Mike Oldfield in 1973. Virgin's first formal store opened on London's Oxford Street in January or February 1971 (exact date uncertain). In 1979 the company opened their first Megastore at the end of Oxford Street and Marble Arch. Virgin Megastores and Virgin Records operate as entirely separate entities, like many of the other Virgin companies. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s Virgin Megastores opened over 100 stores in the UK, and many others around the world. Simon Wright \u2013 Chief Executive of the Virgin Entertainment Group from 1999 to 2009 was very instrumental in the worldwide growth of the stores in particular developing the stores in Asia, the Middle East, Australia and North America before their eventual disposals under licence detailed under Ownership. In 2007 the Virgin Group was looking to sell the UK and Ireland stores.", "Branson started his record business from the church where he ran Student magazine. He interviewed several prominent personalities of the late 1960s for the magazine including Mick Jagger and R. D. Laing. Branson advertised popular records in Student, and it was an overnight success. Trading under the name \"Virgin\", he sold records for considerably less than the \"High Street\" outlets, especially the chain W. H. Smith. Branson once said, \"There is no point in starting your own business unless you do it out of a sense of frustration.\" The name \"Virgin\" was suggested by one of Branson's early employees because they were all new at business. At the time, many products were sold under restrictive marketing agreements that limited discounting, despite efforts in the 1950s and 1960s to limit so-called resale price maintenance. Branson eventually started a record shop in Oxford Street in London. In 1971, he was questioned in connection with the selling of records in Virgin stores that had been declared export stock. The matter was never brought before a court because Branson agreed to repay any unpaid VAT of 33% and a PS70,000 fine. His parents re-mortgaged the family home in order to help pay the settlement. Earning enough money from his record store, Branson in 1972 launched the record label Virgin Records with Nik Powell, and bought a country estate north of Oxford in which he installed a residential recording studio, The Manor Studio. He leased studio time to fledgling artists, including multi-instrumentalist Mike Oldfield, whose debut album Tubular Bells (1973) was the first release for Virgin Records and became a chart-topping best-seller. Virgin signed such controversial bands as the Sex Pistols, which other companies were reluctant to sign."], "answer": {"text": "Branson sold the Virgin label to EMI for PS500 million.", "answer_start": 876}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Richard Branson's record business start?", "answer": {"text": "Branson in 1972 launched the record label Virgin Records with Nik Powell,", "answer_start": 1264, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the name of his record business?", "answer": {"text": "Virgin Records", "answer_start": 1306, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he choose the name Virgin?", "answer": {"text": "The name \"Virgin\" was suggested by one of Branson's early employees because they were all new at business.", "answer_start": 538, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what bands did they sign?", "answer": {"text": "Virgin signed such controversial bands as the Sex Pistols,", "answer_start": 1665, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any other bands?", "answer": {"text": "Virgin Records would go on to sign other artists including the Rolling Stones, Peter Gabriel, UB40, Steve Winwood and Paula Abdul,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "where was Virgin located?", "answer": {"text": "Branson eventually started a record shop in Oxford Street in London.", "answer_start": 831, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is a notable fact about his record business?", "answer": {"text": "to become the world's largest independent record label.", "answer_start": 135, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_1c9d0ed95624418ba62ee67fd51ac950_1_q#8", "question": "what other music companies does he own?", "rewrite": "Other than Virgin Records, what other music companies does Branson own?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Virgin Megastores Virgin Megastores is an international entertainment retailing chain, founded in early 1976 by (Sir) Richard Branson as a record shop on London's Oxford Street. In 1979 the company opened their first Megastore at the end of Oxford Street and Tottenham Court Road. The company expanded to hundreds of stores worldwide in the 1990s, but has lost a large number of stores in recent years, largely with the sale and eventual closing of the UK, US, Irish, Canadian, Australian, Italian, Spanish, French, Greek and Japanese stores. By 2015, current operations are exclusively in the Middle East and in North Africa, consisting of approximately 40 stores. Richard Branson and Nik Powell had initially run a small record shop called \"Virgin Records and Tapes\" on Notting Hill Gate, London, specialising particularly in \"krautrock\" imports, and offering bean bags and free vegetarian food for the benefit of customers listening to the music on offer. After making the shop into a success, they turned their business into a fully fledged record label, Virgin Records. The name Virgin, according to Branson (in his autobiography), arose from a colleague of his when they were brainstorming business ideas. She suggested Virgin \u2013 as they were all new to business \u2013 like \"virgins\". The first release on the label was the progressive rock album \"Tubular Bells\" by multi-instrumentalist Mike Oldfield in 1973. Virgin's first formal store opened on London's Oxford Street in January or February 1971 (exact date uncertain). In 1979 the company opened their first Megastore at the end of Oxford Street and Marble Arch. Virgin Megastores and Virgin Records operate as entirely separate entities, like many of the other Virgin companies.", "Virgin Records Virgin Records Ltd. is a British record label founded by entrepreneurs Richard Branson, Simon Draper, Nik Powell, and musician Tom Newman in 1972. It grew to be a worldwide phenomenon over time, with the success of platinum performers such as Aaliyah, George Michael, Paula Abdul, Janet Jackson, Roy Orbison, Devo, Tangerine Dream, Genesis, Keith Richards, the Human League, Culture Club, Simple Minds, Lenny Kravitz, dc Talk, the Smashing Pumpkins, Mike Oldfield, Gorillaz, Lewis Capaldi and Spice Girls, among others. After its acquisition by Universal Music Group through its purchase of EMI in 2012, UMG absorbed Virgin's British operations to create Virgin EMI Records in March 2013. Today, the operations of Virgin Records America, Inc., the company's North American operations founded in 1986, are still active and headquartered in Hollywood, California, and have operated exclusively under the Capitol Music Group imprint, also owned by UMG, since 2007. The US operations have also taken on the name Virgin Records. A minor number of artists remain on Virgin Records America's roster, which is currently mostly occupied with European artists such as Bastille, Circa Waves, Corinne Bailey Rae, Ella Eyre, Grizfolk, Walking on Cars, Seinabo Sey, and Prides; American artists include Knox Hamilton, L'Tric, Loren Gray, and Rise Against. Virgin Classics was founded in 1988 as part of Virgin Records. Along with EMI Classics, it too was acquired by Universal in 2012 as part of the takeover of the EMI Group. But the terms of the European Commission's approval of the takeover required divestment of the two classical labels.", "Virgin Megastores UK Virgin Megastores was a retail chain that operated in the United Kingdom from 1971 to 2007. The company was established by Richard Branson, originally as a small record shop, and became a national chain. In 2007, the company was sold to management, and was rebranded as Zavvi. Zavvi entered administration in 2008 and subsequently closed. Richard Branson & Nik Powell had initially run a small record shop called \"Virgin Records and Tapes\" on Notting Hill Gate, London, specialising particularly in \"krautrock\" imports, and offering bean bags and free vegetarian food for the benefit of customers listening to the music on offer. After making the shop into a success, they turned their business into a fully fledged record label, Virgin Records. The name Virgin, according to Branson (in his autobiography), arose from a colleague of his when they were brainstorming business ideas. She suggested Virgin \u2013 as they were all new to business \u2013 like \"virgins\". The first release on the label was the progressive rock album \"Tubular Bells\" by multi-instrumentalist Mike Oldfield in 1973. Virgin's first formal store opened on London's Oxford Street in January or February 1971 (exact date uncertain). In 1979 the company opened their first Megastore at the end of Oxford Street and Marble Arch. Virgin Megastores and Virgin Records operate as entirely separate entities, like many of the other Virgin companies. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s Virgin Megastores opened over 100 stores in the UK, and many others around the world. Simon Wright \u2013 Chief Executive of the Virgin Entertainment Group from 1999 to 2009 was very instrumental in the worldwide growth of the stores in particular developing the stores in Asia, the Middle East, Australia and North America before their eventual disposals under licence detailed under Ownership. In 2007 the Virgin Group was looking to sell the UK and Ireland stores.", "Branson started his record business from the church where he ran Student magazine. He interviewed several prominent personalities of the late 1960s for the magazine including Mick Jagger and R. D. Laing. Branson advertised popular records in Student, and it was an overnight success. Trading under the name \"Virgin\", he sold records for considerably less than the \"High Street\" outlets, especially the chain W. H. Smith. Branson once said, \"There is no point in starting your own business unless you do it out of a sense of frustration.\" The name \"Virgin\" was suggested by one of Branson's early employees because they were all new at business. At the time, many products were sold under restrictive marketing agreements that limited discounting, despite efforts in the 1950s and 1960s to limit so-called resale price maintenance. Branson eventually started a record shop in Oxford Street in London. In 1971, he was questioned in connection with the selling of records in Virgin stores that had been declared export stock. The matter was never brought before a court because Branson agreed to repay any unpaid VAT of 33% and a PS70,000 fine. His parents re-mortgaged the family home in order to help pay the settlement. Earning enough money from his record store, Branson in 1972 launched the record label Virgin Records with Nik Powell, and bought a country estate north of Oxford in which he installed a residential recording studio, The Manor Studio. He leased studio time to fledgling artists, including multi-instrumentalist Mike Oldfield, whose debut album Tubular Bells (1973) was the first release for Virgin Records and became a chart-topping best-seller. Virgin signed such controversial bands as the Sex Pistols, which other companies were reluctant to sign.", "Now That's What I Call Music! Now That's What I Call Music! (often shortened to Now!) is a series of various artists compilation albums released in the United Kingdom and Ireland by Sony Music and Universal Music (Universal/Sony Music) which began in 1983. Spinoff series began for other countries the following year, starting with South Africa, and many other countries worldwide soon followed, expanding into Asia in 1995, then the United States in 1998. The idea for the series was conceived in the office of Virgin Records in Vernon Yard, near Portobello Road, by the head of Licensing and Business Affairs at Virgin Records (1979\u20131990) \u2013 Stephen Navin, and General Manager (1983\u20131988) \u2013 Jon Webster. The concept was taken to Simon Draper (Managing Director at Virgin Records) and then Peter Jamieson (Managing Director of EMI Records (1983\u20131986)). Jamieson had similar plans to launch such a compilation and he immediately agreed to the partnership. The deal was negotiated and finalised on Richard Branson's boat moored in Little Venice. The series took its name from a 1920s advertising poster for Danish bacon featuring a pig saying \"Now. That's What I Call Music\" as it listened to a chicken singing. Richard Branson had bought the poster for his cousin, Simon Draper, to hang behind Draper's desk at the Virgin Records office. Branson wrote \"He was notoriously grumpy before breakfast and loved his eggs in the morning, so I bought him the poster, framed it and had it hung behind his desk.\". The pig became the mascot for the series', making its last appearance on \"Now That's What I Call Music 5\". It has recently made a reappearance on the cover of \"Now That's What I Call Music! 100\", which was released on 20 July 2018."], "answer": {"text": "He created V2 Records in 1996 in order to re-enter the music business,", "answer_start": 1060}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Richard Branson's record business start?", "answer": {"text": "Branson in 1972 launched the record label Virgin Records with Nik Powell,", "answer_start": 1264, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the name of his record business?", "answer": {"text": "Virgin Records", "answer_start": 1306, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he choose the name Virgin?", "answer": {"text": "The name \"Virgin\" was suggested by one of Branson's early employees because they were all new at business.", "answer_start": 538, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what bands did they sign?", "answer": {"text": "Virgin signed such controversial bands as the Sex Pistols,", "answer_start": 1665, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any other bands?", "answer": {"text": "Virgin Records would go on to sign other artists including the Rolling Stones, Peter Gabriel, UB40, Steve Winwood and Paula Abdul,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "where was Virgin located?", "answer": {"text": "Branson eventually started a record shop in Oxford Street in London.", "answer_start": 831, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is a notable fact about his record business?", "answer": {"text": "to become the world's largest independent record label.", "answer_start": 135, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "does he still have Virgin records?", "answer": {"text": "Branson sold the Virgin label to EMI for PS500 million.", "answer_start": 876, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_1c9d0ed95624418ba62ee67fd51ac950_1_q#9", "question": "was he also the producer on albums?", "rewrite": "Was Branson also the producer on albums?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Sir Richard Branson, Virgin Group chairman, visited the site of the derailment at 11:00 the following morning to comment on the incident. During his news conference at the site he said that he regarded the driver, named as Iain Black from Dumbarton, as a hero, as he had attempted to stop the train and remained in his seat to ensure the safety of passengers. Black left hospital in late March and stated that \"I've got to be in the cab to help the train and it never crossed my mind to leave. \" Branson also later thanked local residents for their help at the accident site, describing how he \"was very impressed to hear how those kind people rallied round, opening their hearts and opening their doors to strangers in distress\". Local farmers assisted the emergency services by transporting equipment using quad bikes and four-wheel drive vehicles. Sergeant Jo Fawcett of the Cumbria Constabulary also offered thanks, saying that \"There are so many people who have given up their own time to contribute in some way to dealing with the aftermath of the derailment that it would be unfair to name them for fear of missing someone out.\" Branson also paid tribute to the Pendolino train, comparing it to a \"tank\". He also added \"If the train had been old stock then the number of injuries and the mortalities would have been horrendous\". Several sources also gave their praise due to the fact that the carriages generally stayed intact during the accident. As a result of the suspicion that faulty points were the cause of the Grayrigg Derailment, Network Rail checked over 700 sets of similar points across the country as a \"precautionary measure\" saying later that \"nothing of concern\" had been found. The operation to remove the train from the site began on the evening of 1 March 2007 with the first carriages moved from the embankment.", "Following the Sex Pistols' break-up in 1978, photographer Dennis Morris suggested that Lydon travel to Jamaica with him and Virgin Records head Richard Branson, where Branson would be scouting for emerging reggae musicians. Branson also flew American band Devo to Jamaica, aiming to install Lydon as lead singer in the band. Devo declined the offer. Upon returning to England, Lydon approached Jah Wobble (ne John Wardle) about forming a band together. The pair had been friends since the early 1970s when they attended the same school in Hackney (both belonged to a circle of friends Lydon informally dubbed \"The Gang of Johns\" - John Lydon, John Wardle, John Gray, and John Simon Ritchie, a.k.a. Sid Vicious). Lydon and Wobble had previously played music together during the final days of the Sex Pistols. Both had similarly broad musical tastes, and were avid fans of reggae and world music. Lydon assumed, much as he had with Sid Vicious, that Wobble would learn to play bass guitar as he went. Wobble would prove to be a natural talent. Lydon also approached guitarist Keith Levene, with whom he had toured in mid-1976, while Levene was a member of the Clash. Lydon and Levene had both considered themselves outsiders even within their own bands. Jim Walker, a Canadian student newly arrived in the UK, was recruited on drums, after answering an ad placed in Melody Maker. PiL began rehearsing together in May 1978, although the band was still unnamed. In July 1978, Lydon officially named the band \"Public Image\" (the \"Ltd\" was not added until several months later), after the Muriel Spark novel The Public Image.", "The resort project will involve, \"50 islands and 34,000 square kilometers in a global upmarket tourism and leisure mega-development\" and will be, \"governed by laws on par with international standards. \" The resort will allow women to wear bikinis in the pool and beach areas. The two massive tourism projects along the Red Sea planned by the Saudi government were to be run under the directorship of Richard Branson. On 11 October 2018, Branson issued a statement that he is suspending his advisory role for the two projects amidst the Jamal Khashoggi controversy. Branson also suspended his talks with the Saudi government about investment in his Virgin Galactic venture. He said he had \"high hopes for the current government in the kingdom and its leader Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman\u2026 the disappearance of journalist Jamal Khashoggi, if proved true, would clearly change the ability of any of us in the West to do business with the Saudi Government.\" In May 2016, a General Authority for Entertainment was announced by royal decree, into which over $2 billion have been invested. In Riyadh, the first public live music concert in over 25 years was held in May 2017, which featured American country star Toby Keith and Saudi singer Rabeh Sager. In April 2017, the government announced a large sports, culture and entertainment complex, of at Al-Qidiya, south-west of Riyadh. The project will include a Six Flags theme park, due to open in 2022. As a component of Vision 2030 there was a celebration of the 87th anniversary of the Saudi founding with concerts and performances, with women for the first time being allowed into the King Fahd International Stadium in Riyadh.", "He has been featured in the New York Times, Washington Post, Chicago Tribune, Wall Street Journal, Dallas Morning News, Conference Board Magazine, New Republic, Director and Officer, and many other publications. Branson has been admitted to the state bars of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois and Washington, and to the United States Supreme Court, as well as to various other U.S. federal trial and appellate courts. He has been an expert witness-consultant in approximately 125 major cases in 30 U.S. jurisdictions. These cases include WorldCom, Freddie Mac, Adelphia Communications, Berkshire Hathaway and myriad smaller and medium-sized disputes. He has also been a consultant in 200 or so major corporate transactions or evolutions. Branson is the author of 15 books, including the first US treatise on corporate governance (1993)(with annual supplements), \"Understanding Corporate Law\" (3rd ed 2009), a text used in Japan, China and elsewhere, as well as in the U.S., and \"Business Enterprises\" (2009)(with J. Heminway et al.). His latest books include several concerning diversity in corporate governance, including \"No Seat at the Table \u2013 How Governance and Law Keep Women Out of the Boardroom\" (2007) and \"The Last Male Bastion \u2013 Gender and the CEO Suite at America\u2019s Public Companies\" (2010). Branson also is the author of over seventy articles in legal periodicals such as the Cornell Law Review, Northwestern Law Review, Tulane Law Review, Vanderbilt Law Review, and many others. His other books include a book about his Vietnam experience in the \u201cBrown Water Navy,\u201d as well as another about professional licensure and service as an expert witness.", "Working in partnership with early photographer T. M. Schleier, he focused primarily on commercial portraits. He became a regular at the masquerade balls attended by the city's elite at the Lamar House Hotel, and spent time at resorts such as Tate Springs. In 1880, Branson and photographer Frank McCrary formed McCrary and Branson, a Photograph & Portrait Artists company that operated out of a three-story building on Gay Street in Knoxville. The company, which at times included Branson's brother, Oliver, and sister-in-law, Laura, specialized in oil-painted photographs, oil copies, crayon-and-oil sketches, and illustrated souvenirs. Branson also taught art classes in the building, often to members of Knoxville's upper class. Impressionist Catherine Wiley, Adelia Armstrong Lutz, and Mortimer Thompson were arguably his most well-known students during this period. Branson's work was exhibited at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, the 1900 World's Fair in Paris, and the 1901 Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo. He won the gold medal for an exhibition at the 1895 Cotton States Exposition in Atlanta and in 1896, he won a national competition for designing the Flag of Knoxville, Tennessee. Branson reached the height of his career in 1910, when his work, \"Hauling Marble\", won the gold medal at Knoxville's Appalachian Exposition. In the early 1920s, Branson began giving lessons to a young Beauford Delaney, whose sketches he found impressive. In 1924, he arranged to send Delaney to an art school in Boston to receive further instruction. Branson died suddenly on June 12, 1925. He is buried in Old Gray Cemetery in Knoxville. Branson was a stylistically conservative painter, especially in his early years, though some of his later works show elements of impressionism and modern styles."], "answer": {"text": "The early 1980s also saw his only attempt as a producer--on the novelty record \"Baa, Baa, Black Sheep\", by Singing Sheep", "answer_start": 527}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Richard Branson's record business start?", "answer": {"text": "Branson in 1972 launched the record label Virgin Records with Nik Powell,", "answer_start": 1264, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the name of his record business?", "answer": {"text": "Virgin Records", "answer_start": 1306, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he choose the name Virgin?", "answer": {"text": "The name \"Virgin\" was suggested by one of Branson's early employees because they were all new at business.", "answer_start": 538, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what bands did they sign?", "answer": {"text": "Virgin signed such controversial bands as the Sex Pistols,", "answer_start": 1665, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any other bands?", "answer": {"text": "Virgin Records would go on to sign other artists including the Rolling Stones, Peter Gabriel, UB40, Steve Winwood and Paula Abdul,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "where was Virgin located?", "answer": {"text": "Branson eventually started a record shop in Oxford Street in London.", "answer_start": 831, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is a notable fact about his record business?", "answer": {"text": "to become the world's largest independent record label.", "answer_start": 135, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "does he still have Virgin records?", "answer": {"text": "Branson sold the Virgin label to EMI for PS500 million.", "answer_start": 876, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what other music companies does he own?", "answer": {"text": "He created V2 Records in 1996 in order to re-enter the music business,", "answer_start": 1060, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ddd9c44b44a41579fc75b3070872975_0_q#0", "question": "what was hurt no more", "rewrite": "what was hurt no more", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Charles Hurt Charles Hurt (born 1972) is an American journalist and political commentator. He is currently the opinion editor of \"The Washington Times\", Fox News contributor, Breitbart News contributor, and a Drudge Report editor. Hurt began his newspaper career during college at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia with stints at the \"Danville Register & Bee\", the \"Richmond Times-Dispatch\" and the \"St. Louis Post-Dispatch\". His first full-time job after graduating in 1995 was at \"The Detroit News\". He worked at the paper until 2001, when he moved to the D.C. area to join the staff of The Charlotte Observer. Hurt was \"The New York Post\"'s D.C. Bureau Chief and news columnist covering the White House for five years. From 2003 to 2007, Hurt covered the US Congress as a reporter for the Unification Church-owned\"The Washington Times\" before leaving to join \"The New York Post\". In 2011, he rejoined \"The Washington Times\" as a political columnist. In December 2016, Hurt was named the opinion editor. \"National Review\" editor Rich Lowry described Hurt as, \"an early adopter of Trumpite populism. \" Hurt has written numerous opinion pieces lauding Trump since the 2016 election. Hurt is the son of investigative journalist and former Reader's Digest editor Henry C. Hurt and his wife, Margaret Nolting Williams. His older brother, Robert Hurt, is former United States Congressman. Charles Hurt had been listed as a possible congressional candidate before his brother's term ended in 2016. Hurt and his wife, Stephanie, have three children.", "Robert Hurt (politician) Robert Hurt (born June 16, 1969) is an American politician who served as the U.S. Representative for from 2011 to 2017. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district stretches from Charlottesville to Southside and west to Bedford and Franklin counties. Prior to joining Congress, Hurt was a state senator and delegate, councilman and attorney. He currently serves as the Executive Director of the Liberty University Center for Law & Government. Hurt was born in New York City and raised in Chatham, Virginia. After graduating from Hampden-Sydney College and Mississippi College School of Law, Hurt served as a chief assistant Commonwealth's Attorney for Pittsylvania County, Virginia from 1996 to 1999. Afterwards, he worked as an attorney for the firm H. Victor Millner, Jr. P.C. in Chatham from 1999 to 2008 and opened his own law firm in 2008. Hurt's political career began with his election to the Chatham Town Council. A year later, he was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates and served three terms. In 2007, Hurt was elected to the Senate of Virginia. In October 2009, Hurt announced that he would run for the U.S. Representative seat for the 5th congressional district in Virginia. After easily winning the primary, Hurt was elected to the House of Representatives, defeating the incumbent Democrat, Tom Perriello. On December 23, 2015, Hurt announced that he would not seek reelection at the end of his current term. Hurt was born in New York City, where he lived for about nine years. His father, Henry Hurt, was a journalist and editor for \"Reader's Digest\". In 1986, Henry wrote a book questioning the findings of the Warren Commission called \"Reasonable Doubt: An Investigation into the Assassination of John F. Kennedy\".", "He is the stepgrandson of Henry Luce, founder of \"Time\" magazine and actress-writer Clare Boothe Luce, through his mother's marriage to Henry Luce's son from his first marriage, Henry Luce III. Hurt was married to Mary Beth Hurt from 1971 to 1982. In the 1980s he was involved in a lawsuit with Sandra Jennings, who alleged that they had a common-law marriage. While he was still married, Hurt and Jennings had begun a relationship in Saratoga Springs, New York, in 1981. Jennings became pregnant in the spring of 1982, which precipitated Hurt's divorce from Mary Beth Hurt, after which Hurt and Jennings relocated to South Carolina, a state that recognized common-law marriages. Hurt and Jennings remained officially unmarried and later separated. Jennings sued him in New York, seeking recognition of the \"marriage\" under South Carolina law. The New York court did not recognize common-law marriage, was reluctant to recognize a common-law marriage originating in South Carolina, and found in Hurt's favor that no common-law marriage existed. Hurt dated Marlee Matlin for one year, and they cohabited for two years. In her 2009 autobiography \"I'll Scream Later\", Matlin said that their relationship involved considerable drug abuse and physical abuse by Hurt. In response to the accusations aired on CNN on April 13, 2009, Hurt's agent declined to respond, but Hurt issued a statement the following day, which said: \"My own recollection is that we both apologized and both did a great deal to heal our lives. Of course, I did and do apologize for any pain I caused. And I know we have both grown. I wish Marlee and her family nothing but good.\" Hurt has four children: one with Jennings, two with Heidi Henderson, and one with French actress, film director and screenwriter Sandrine Bonnaire.", "Hurt stated that the increase was essential, based on the information lawmakers had at the time, to refrain from a government shutdown over a budget impasse and has since stated regret over the vote. In November 2007, Hurt was elected to the Senate of Virginia, winning 75 percent of the vote. Hurt represented the 19th district, which includes the city of Danville, all of Pittsylvania and Franklin counties, and part of Campbell county. On October 7, 2009, Hurt officially declared himself a candidate for . The district stretches from Charlottesville to Southside Virginia and west to Bedford and Franklin counties. Hurt was the Republican establishment candidate in the primary and was not received well by the Tea Party. On June 8, 2010, Hurt won the Republican nomination with a plurality in a crowded field of six other candidates. All of Hurt's opponents in the primary endorsed him. A local Tea Party Leader said his group would \"unite behind\" and \"support\" Hurt. Hurt campaigned against Democratic incumbent Tom Perriello and Independent candidate Jeffrey Clark in the general election. Republicans viewed his as a pickup opportunity and poured resources into the race. Perriello was listed as one of the 10 most vulnerable House incumbents by \"Roll Call\". Hurt was a member of the National Republican Congressional Committee's \"Young Guns\" program. On June 12, Hurt stated that he would \"absolutely\" participate in debates that included all the candidates, including Independent candidate Clark. Just days later, Hurt stated that he would not debate Clark. Although the statement was made in response to a direct query from a reporter as to whether he would debate Clark, Hurt's campaign later tried to justify their position by insisting this was untrue. Hurt skipped the first debate which was organized by the Senior Statesmen of Virginia, becoming the first candidate to skip the forum since it started in 1996.", "In February, Hurt criticized President Barack Obama's $3.73 trillion 2012 federal budget proposal for its excessive spending and borrowing. Hurt would vote to pass a $1.2 trillion bill that would cut the year's budget federal budget by $61 billion. On April 8, Hurt voted for a continuing resolution that prevented the government from shutting down that day. Hurt expressed support for Paul Ryan's budget plan that month as well. On July 19, Hurt voted for the Cut, Cap and Balance Act. On August 1, Hurt voted for the Budget Control Act of 2011 that raised the debt ceiling and cut spending by $2.1 trillion over the next 10 years. Hurt co-sponsored a bill that would prevent the Environmental Protection Agency from cracking down on farm dust. The bill passed the House on December 8. Virginia Citizens Defense League, a pro-gun organization, gave Hurt a 78% approval rating. Asked if he supports the purchase and possession of guns, Hurt has consistently affirmed his support for gun rights. Hurt has traditionally voted for legislation that restricts abortion. Virginia Society for Human Rights gave him a 100% approval rating. Planned Parenthood and NARAL Pro-Choice have consistently given him 0% approval ratings every year since 2002. Equality Virginia has given him between 0% and 11% approval ratings for his position on LGBT rights. Hurt has affirmed that he supports capital punishment for certain crimes. Hurt cosponsored the Balanced Budget Amendment, which did not pass the House of Representatives in November 2011. Hurt said of the bill, \"By passing a Balanced Budget Amendment, Congress will be required to spend no more than it takes in, reining in out of control spending once and for all\" Hurt also sponsored the Small Business Capital Access and Job Preservation Act that would exempt private equity funds advisers from certain registration and reporting standards."], "answer": {"text": "Winans recorded his second album Hurt No More in 2001, 2002, and 2003", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9ddd9c44b44a41579fc75b3070872975_0_q#1", "question": "was it a success", "rewrite": "was \"Hurt no more\" a success?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["He is the stepgrandson of Henry Luce, founder of \"Time\" magazine and actress-writer Clare Boothe Luce, through his mother's marriage to Henry Luce's son from his first marriage, Henry Luce III. Hurt was married to Mary Beth Hurt from 1971 to 1982. In the 1980s he was involved in a lawsuit with Sandra Jennings, who alleged that they had a common-law marriage. While he was still married, Hurt and Jennings had begun a relationship in Saratoga Springs, New York, in 1981. Jennings became pregnant in the spring of 1982, which precipitated Hurt's divorce from Mary Beth Hurt, after which Hurt and Jennings relocated to South Carolina, a state that recognized common-law marriages. Hurt and Jennings remained officially unmarried and later separated. Jennings sued him in New York, seeking recognition of the \"marriage\" under South Carolina law. The New York court did not recognize common-law marriage, was reluctant to recognize a common-law marriage originating in South Carolina, and found in Hurt's favor that no common-law marriage existed. Hurt dated Marlee Matlin for one year, and they cohabited for two years. In her 2009 autobiography \"I'll Scream Later\", Matlin said that their relationship involved considerable drug abuse and physical abuse by Hurt. In response to the accusations aired on CNN on April 13, 2009, Hurt's agent declined to respond, but Hurt issued a statement the following day, which said: \"My own recollection is that we both apologized and both did a great deal to heal our lives. Of course, I did and do apologize for any pain I caused. And I know we have both grown. I wish Marlee and her family nothing but good.\" Hurt has four children: one with Jennings, two with Heidi Henderson, and one with French actress, film director and screenwriter Sandrine Bonnaire.", "Charles Hurt Charles Hurt (born 1972) is an American journalist and political commentator. He is currently the opinion editor of \"The Washington Times\", Fox News contributor, Breitbart News contributor, and a Drudge Report editor. Hurt began his newspaper career during college at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia with stints at the \"Danville Register & Bee\", the \"Richmond Times-Dispatch\" and the \"St. Louis Post-Dispatch\". His first full-time job after graduating in 1995 was at \"The Detroit News\". He worked at the paper until 2001, when he moved to the D.C. area to join the staff of The Charlotte Observer. Hurt was \"The New York Post\"'s D.C. Bureau Chief and news columnist covering the White House for five years. From 2003 to 2007, Hurt covered the US Congress as a reporter for the Unification Church-owned\"The Washington Times\" before leaving to join \"The New York Post\". In 2011, he rejoined \"The Washington Times\" as a political columnist. In December 2016, Hurt was named the opinion editor. \"National Review\" editor Rich Lowry described Hurt as, \"an early adopter of Trumpite populism. \" Hurt has written numerous opinion pieces lauding Trump since the 2016 election. Hurt is the son of investigative journalist and former Reader's Digest editor Henry C. Hurt and his wife, Margaret Nolting Williams. His older brother, Robert Hurt, is former United States Congressman. Charles Hurt had been listed as a possible congressional candidate before his brother's term ended in 2016. Hurt and his wife, Stephanie, have three children.", "Hurt stated that the increase was essential, based on the information lawmakers had at the time, to refrain from a government shutdown over a budget impasse and has since stated regret over the vote. In November 2007, Hurt was elected to the Senate of Virginia, winning 75 percent of the vote. Hurt represented the 19th district, which includes the city of Danville, all of Pittsylvania and Franklin counties, and part of Campbell county. On October 7, 2009, Hurt officially declared himself a candidate for . The district stretches from Charlottesville to Southside Virginia and west to Bedford and Franklin counties. Hurt was the Republican establishment candidate in the primary and was not received well by the Tea Party. On June 8, 2010, Hurt won the Republican nomination with a plurality in a crowded field of six other candidates. All of Hurt's opponents in the primary endorsed him. A local Tea Party Leader said his group would \"unite behind\" and \"support\" Hurt. Hurt campaigned against Democratic incumbent Tom Perriello and Independent candidate Jeffrey Clark in the general election. Republicans viewed his as a pickup opportunity and poured resources into the race. Perriello was listed as one of the 10 most vulnerable House incumbents by \"Roll Call\". Hurt was a member of the National Republican Congressional Committee's \"Young Guns\" program. On June 12, Hurt stated that he would \"absolutely\" participate in debates that included all the candidates, including Independent candidate Clark. Just days later, Hurt stated that he would not debate Clark. Although the statement was made in response to a direct query from a reporter as to whether he would debate Clark, Hurt's campaign later tried to justify their position by insisting this was untrue. Hurt skipped the first debate which was organized by the Senior Statesmen of Virginia, becoming the first candidate to skip the forum since it started in 1996.", "In February, Hurt criticized President Barack Obama's $3.73 trillion 2012 federal budget proposal for its excessive spending and borrowing. Hurt would vote to pass a $1.2 trillion bill that would cut the year's budget federal budget by $61 billion. On April 8, Hurt voted for a continuing resolution that prevented the government from shutting down that day. Hurt expressed support for Paul Ryan's budget plan that month as well. On July 19, Hurt voted for the Cut, Cap and Balance Act. On August 1, Hurt voted for the Budget Control Act of 2011 that raised the debt ceiling and cut spending by $2.1 trillion over the next 10 years. Hurt co-sponsored a bill that would prevent the Environmental Protection Agency from cracking down on farm dust. The bill passed the House on December 8. Virginia Citizens Defense League, a pro-gun organization, gave Hurt a 78% approval rating. Asked if he supports the purchase and possession of guns, Hurt has consistently affirmed his support for gun rights. Hurt has traditionally voted for legislation that restricts abortion. Virginia Society for Human Rights gave him a 100% approval rating. Planned Parenthood and NARAL Pro-Choice have consistently given him 0% approval ratings every year since 2002. Equality Virginia has given him between 0% and 11% approval ratings for his position on LGBT rights. Hurt has affirmed that he supports capital punishment for certain crimes. Hurt cosponsored the Balanced Budget Amendment, which did not pass the House of Representatives in November 2011. Hurt said of the bill, \"By passing a Balanced Budget Amendment, Congress will be required to spend no more than it takes in, reining in out of control spending once and for all\" Hurt also sponsored the Small Business Capital Access and Job Preservation Act that would exempt private equity funds advisers from certain registration and reporting standards.", "Peter, Paul and Mary then returned and performed an encore of \"Blowin' in the Wind\". Amidst a \"deafening roar of applause\" they brought to the stage Dylan, Joan Baez, Pete Seeger, Theo Bikel and the Freedom Singers. The singers stood in a single line facing the audience with crossed arms and clasped hands and began to sing a variation on the Baptist hymn \"I'll Overcome Some Day\". The hymn's new incarnation - \"We Shall Overcome\" - had become an anthem for the Civil Rights Movement. In 1928, Mississippi John Hurt, a self-taught amateur musician and farmer, recorded 13 songs for Okeh Records which failed to achieve commercial success. Believing his musical career to be over, Hurt continued farming, apparently thinking little of his brief recording gig. Post WWII, few records cut by southern musicians in the 1920s were commercially available. Hurt's records were particularly rare, since few had been manufactured in the first place. But Harry Smith, a member of a tiny subculture of obsessive, cranky collectors, put two John Hurt cuts on his influential 1952 Anthology of American Folk Music, prompting many blues hobbyists to begin searching for him. In 1963, Tom Hoskins and Mike Stewart acquired a tape of Hurt's Avalon Blues through their informal network of tape traders. Hurt had recorded Avalon Blues at the end of a week-long stay in New York that spanned Christmas 1928. Apparently homesick in the big city, Hurt included a line about his home in Avalon being always on his mind. Hoskins and Stewart were able to locate Avalon and track Hurt down. After asking Hurt to perform, to ensure he was actually who he claimed to be, Hoskins convinced Hurt to move to Washington D.C. and embark on a national tour."], "answer": {"text": "by early June 2004 had reached number 1 on the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart,", "answer_start": 1162}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was hurt no more", "answer": {"text": "Winans recorded his second album Hurt No More in 2001, 2002, and 2003", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ddd9c44b44a41579fc75b3070872975_0_q#3", "question": "where there any popular singles off of it", "rewrite": "were there any popular singles off of \"Hurt no more\"?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Blow Monkeys the Masters Blow Monkeys The Masters is a compilation album from British new wave band The Blow Monkeys, released in 1997 by the Eagle label, for its well-known \"Eagle Series\", presenting many UK group's master collections. The second greatest hits album, following \"Choices - The Singles Collection\", it was released in 1989, and contained all their most popular singles (including all four singles taken from the band's best-selling album, \" She Was Only a Grocer's Daughter\", which also featured their best-selling single, the UK #5 hit \"It Doesn't Have to Be This Way\", and \"Wicked Ways\", and The Blow Monkeys' first hit single, \"Digging Your Scene\"). Also on the album is the three most popular singles from their debut album, \"Limping for a Generation\", the two previously unreleased tracks on the previous collection, that is the duets with Sylvia Tella (the big hit \"Choice?\" and the minor hit \" Slaves No More\"), and the last single released by the band before they split up, \"La Passionara\". On \"Blow Monkeys The Masters\" was the hard to find cover version of \"Superfly\" by Curtis Mayfield, whom vocalist and leader Dr. Robert has always pointed to as his main musical inspiration. The song was originally a B-side of the 1986 single, \"Don't Be Scared of Me\". From their 1988 album \"Whoops! There Goes the Neighbourhood\" was the only two songs here which never appeared in single format, \" No Woman Is An Island\" and \"Squaresville\". The album did not feature the second best-charting single from the band, \"Wait\", which got to #7 in early 1989.", "The Hand That Feeds \"The Hand That Feeds\" is a song by American industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails, released as the lead single from their fourth studio album, \"With Teeth\" (2005). It is the highest charting song by Nine Inch Nails on all charts except for US Modern Rock Tracks, where it stayed at number one for five weeks, because the single that followed, \"Only\", stayed at number one for two more weeks (non-consecutively), and the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 peaking at number 31, bested only by the group's 1999 single \"The Day the World Went Away\", which peaked at number 17 but did not chart anywhere else in the US and never had any popular success, making it one of their less popular singles. It is, to date, Nine Inch Nails' only single to hit the top 10 of the UK Singles Chart, as well as their highest-charting single on the US Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, peaking at number two. It was also a crossover hit, crossing over to pop radio as their first top 40 radio hit since \"Closer\" and \"Hurt\" in 1994 and 1995, respectively, peaking at number 31 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Though several stations played a leaked copy of \"The Hand That Feeds\" in February, official radio play of the song began on March 14, 2005. \"The Hand That Feeds\" was released for sale on both iTunes and Napster on March 22, 2005. A music video was made for this song. It was directed by Rob Sheridan and was released on March 17, 2005 on the NIN official website. A second video for this song was directed by Ian Inaba, but was shelved and was never completed. The April 15, 2005, update to the NIN website included a link to a multi-track GarageBand file of the song.", "After the promotions, they released their English Album titled \"Dream\" in Taiwan with the single \"I'll Get Your Love\" and was popular in Taiwan selling over 30,000 copies. However, after their promotions in Taiwan, leader Chae Rina left and Lee Min Kyoung was added. Diva released their fourth album titled \"Naughty Diva\" in 2000, with the singles \"Up & Down\" and \"In This Winter\". Diva still remained popular even though popular member and leader Chae Rina left the group. Their album sold 112,788 copies. Diva released their fifth album titled \"Perfect!\" in 2001 with singles \"Perfect!\" and \"DVD\". \"Perfect!\" peaked at #6 in music charts. The album sold 69,069+ copies in 2001. Diva released their sixth album, a feat achieved by few girl groups in Korea, titled \"Luxury Diva\" which saw Diva change their styles with luxurious and dark concepts. Their singles where \"Lust in the Wind\" and \"Action\". Their album was less popular than their last 5 albums with \"Action\" peaking only at number 14 in music charts. The album sold about 46,840 copies. Diva released their first compilation album in 2003 titled \"Best\" compiling their popular singles during their active times in Korea from 1997 to 2002. The album sold about 20,000 copies. Diva released their seventh album titled \"Renaissance\" with singles \"Hey Boy\" and \"Amoremio\". Their single \"Hey Boy\" peaked at number 11 and their seventh album sold about 17,797 copies. Diva released their eight and last album before disbandment titled \"Only Diva\" with singles \"Smile\" and \"My Style\". Their music video for \"Smile\" was filmed in China. This album sold 20,000 copies in Korea.", "Bryan Davies (singer) Bryan Davies (born in 4 July 1944, Manchester) is a British-born Australian pop music singer and entertainer. He appeared on 1960s TV pop shows, \"Sing! Sing! Sing!\" and \"Bandstand\". From March 1962, at age 17, he became the youngest person in Australia to host their own TV show, \"The Bryan Davies Show\". The singer issued two albums, \"On My Way\" (1965) and \"Together by Myself\" (1968). His most popular singles were, \"Dream Girl\" (July 1961) and \"Five Foot Two Eyes of Blue\" (October), which both reached the top 4 on the Sydney charts. Bryan Davies was born in Manchester in 1944. At the age of four his family migrated to Sydney. His father, Norman R Davies, was an analytical chemistry lecturer at the University of New South Wales, his mother was a former dancer. His first TV appearance was on teen music show, \"Teen Time\", on 27 September 1960, while he was a student at Canterbury Boys' High School. He left in the following year and was signed by the HMV label. Davies first hit single, a cover version of Mark Wynter's \"Dream Girl\", reached No. 1 in Sydney in July 1961. He also appeared on 1960s TV pop shows, \"Sing! Sing! Sing!\" and \"Bandstand\" (from 1961). His second hit was \"Five Foot Two Eyes of Blue\" (October 1961), which reached No. 4 in Sydney. It was originally performed by the California Ramblers in 1925 as \"Has Anybody Seen My Gal?\". His other popular singles were, \"I Don't Like to Be Alone\", \"Love and Money\" and \"Ten Pin Bowling\" (July 1962).", "The song was a United States number-one hit on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 popular singles chart and the R&B singles charts, as well as charting in the top twenty at number 13 on the UK Singles Chart. It also peaked on the Netherlands' MegaCharts at #19 in 1970. \" Someday's\" B-side, \"He's My Sunny Boy\", was recorded by Ross, Wilson, and Birdsong for the \"Love Child\" album in 1968 and written and produced by Smokey Robinson. \"Someday\" charted at number-one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 popular singles chart for one week, on December 27, 1969. It also charted at number-one on the Billboard R&B Singles chart for four weeks, from December 13, 1969 to January 3, 1970. \"Someday We'll Be Together\" therefore appeared in \"Billboard\" as both the final Hot 100 \"and\" R&B number-one of the 1960s, and as the first R&B number-one of the 1970s. The girl group made their final of several performances throughout the decade with Diana Ross singing lead on the 1960s decennial finale of \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" that aired live Sunday, December 21, 1969 on CBS. \"Someday We'll Be Together\" was the final number at Diana Ross & the Supremes' farewell concert on January 14, 1970 at the Frontier Hotel in Las Vegas. After the completion of the show, Jean Terrell was presented onstage to the audience as Diana Ross' replacement (alongside Wilson and Birdsong). Thus \"Diana Ross & the Supremes\" officially split apart, becoming \"Diana Ross\" (the solo act) and \"The Supremes\" (the group). Ross reunited with Wilson and Birdsong in 1983, performing the single for the \"\" television special."], "answer": {"text": "The first single \"I Don't Wanna Know\" was based on a sample of the Fugees' 1996 hit single \"Ready or Not\",", "answer_start": 161}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was hurt no more", "answer": {"text": "Winans recorded his second album Hurt No More in 2001, 2002, and 2003", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it a success", "answer": {"text": "by early June 2004 had reached number 1 on the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart,", "answer_start": 1162, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards for it", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ddd9c44b44a41579fc75b3070872975_0_q#4", "question": "was it popular", "rewrite": "was \"Hurt no more\" popular?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In February, Hurt criticized President Barack Obama's $3.73 trillion 2012 federal budget proposal for its excessive spending and borrowing. Hurt would vote to pass a $1.2 trillion bill that would cut the year's budget federal budget by $61 billion. On April 8, Hurt voted for a continuing resolution that prevented the government from shutting down that day. Hurt expressed support for Paul Ryan's budget plan that month as well. On July 19, Hurt voted for the Cut, Cap and Balance Act. On August 1, Hurt voted for the Budget Control Act of 2011 that raised the debt ceiling and cut spending by $2.1 trillion over the next 10 years. Hurt co-sponsored a bill that would prevent the Environmental Protection Agency from cracking down on farm dust. The bill passed the House on December 8. Virginia Citizens Defense League, a pro-gun organization, gave Hurt a 78% approval rating. Asked if he supports the purchase and possession of guns, Hurt has consistently affirmed his support for gun rights. Hurt has traditionally voted for legislation that restricts abortion. Virginia Society for Human Rights gave him a 100% approval rating. Planned Parenthood and NARAL Pro-Choice have consistently given him 0% approval ratings every year since 2002. Equality Virginia has given him between 0% and 11% approval ratings for his position on LGBT rights. Hurt has affirmed that he supports capital punishment for certain crimes. Hurt cosponsored the Balanced Budget Amendment, which did not pass the House of Representatives in November 2011. Hurt said of the bill, \"By passing a Balanced Budget Amendment, Congress will be required to spend no more than it takes in, reining in out of control spending once and for all\" Hurt also sponsored the Small Business Capital Access and Job Preservation Act that would exempt private equity funds advisers from certain registration and reporting standards.", "Hurt stated that the increase was essential, based on the information lawmakers had at the time, to refrain from a government shutdown over a budget impasse and has since stated regret over the vote. In November 2007, Hurt was elected to the Senate of Virginia, winning 75 percent of the vote. Hurt represented the 19th district, which includes the city of Danville, all of Pittsylvania and Franklin counties, and part of Campbell county. On October 7, 2009, Hurt officially declared himself a candidate for . The district stretches from Charlottesville to Southside Virginia and west to Bedford and Franklin counties. Hurt was the Republican establishment candidate in the primary and was not received well by the Tea Party. On June 8, 2010, Hurt won the Republican nomination with a plurality in a crowded field of six other candidates. All of Hurt's opponents in the primary endorsed him. A local Tea Party Leader said his group would \"unite behind\" and \"support\" Hurt. Hurt campaigned against Democratic incumbent Tom Perriello and Independent candidate Jeffrey Clark in the general election. Republicans viewed his as a pickup opportunity and poured resources into the race. Perriello was listed as one of the 10 most vulnerable House incumbents by \"Roll Call\". Hurt was a member of the National Republican Congressional Committee's \"Young Guns\" program. On June 12, Hurt stated that he would \"absolutely\" participate in debates that included all the candidates, including Independent candidate Clark. Just days later, Hurt stated that he would not debate Clark. Although the statement was made in response to a direct query from a reporter as to whether he would debate Clark, Hurt's campaign later tried to justify their position by insisting this was untrue. Hurt skipped the first debate which was organized by the Senior Statesmen of Virginia, becoming the first candidate to skip the forum since it started in 1996.", "He is the stepgrandson of Henry Luce, founder of \"Time\" magazine and actress-writer Clare Boothe Luce, through his mother's marriage to Henry Luce's son from his first marriage, Henry Luce III. Hurt was married to Mary Beth Hurt from 1971 to 1982. In the 1980s he was involved in a lawsuit with Sandra Jennings, who alleged that they had a common-law marriage. While he was still married, Hurt and Jennings had begun a relationship in Saratoga Springs, New York, in 1981. Jennings became pregnant in the spring of 1982, which precipitated Hurt's divorce from Mary Beth Hurt, after which Hurt and Jennings relocated to South Carolina, a state that recognized common-law marriages. Hurt and Jennings remained officially unmarried and later separated. Jennings sued him in New York, seeking recognition of the \"marriage\" under South Carolina law. The New York court did not recognize common-law marriage, was reluctant to recognize a common-law marriage originating in South Carolina, and found in Hurt's favor that no common-law marriage existed. Hurt dated Marlee Matlin for one year, and they cohabited for two years. In her 2009 autobiography \"I'll Scream Later\", Matlin said that their relationship involved considerable drug abuse and physical abuse by Hurt. In response to the accusations aired on CNN on April 13, 2009, Hurt's agent declined to respond, but Hurt issued a statement the following day, which said: \"My own recollection is that we both apologized and both did a great deal to heal our lives. Of course, I did and do apologize for any pain I caused. And I know we have both grown. I wish Marlee and her family nothing but good.\" Hurt has four children: one with Jennings, two with Heidi Henderson, and one with French actress, film director and screenwriter Sandrine Bonnaire.", "Charles Hurt Charles Hurt (born 1972) is an American journalist and political commentator. He is currently the opinion editor of \"The Washington Times\", Fox News contributor, Breitbart News contributor, and a Drudge Report editor. Hurt began his newspaper career during college at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia with stints at the \"Danville Register & Bee\", the \"Richmond Times-Dispatch\" and the \"St. Louis Post-Dispatch\". His first full-time job after graduating in 1995 was at \"The Detroit News\". He worked at the paper until 2001, when he moved to the D.C. area to join the staff of The Charlotte Observer. Hurt was \"The New York Post\"'s D.C. Bureau Chief and news columnist covering the White House for five years. From 2003 to 2007, Hurt covered the US Congress as a reporter for the Unification Church-owned\"The Washington Times\" before leaving to join \"The New York Post\". In 2011, he rejoined \"The Washington Times\" as a political columnist. In December 2016, Hurt was named the opinion editor. \"National Review\" editor Rich Lowry described Hurt as, \"an early adopter of Trumpite populism. \" Hurt has written numerous opinion pieces lauding Trump since the 2016 election. Hurt is the son of investigative journalist and former Reader's Digest editor Henry C. Hurt and his wife, Margaret Nolting Williams. His older brother, Robert Hurt, is former United States Congressman. Charles Hurt had been listed as a possible congressional candidate before his brother's term ended in 2016. Hurt and his wife, Stephanie, have three children.", "Hurt was due to appear alongside Ben Kingsley in a film entitled \"Broken Dream\", to be directed by Neil Jordan. In 2015, Hurt provided the voice of main antagonist Sailor John in the \"Thomas & Friends\" film \"Sodor's Legend of the Lost Treasure\" along with Eddie Redmayne (Ryan) and Jamie Campbell Bower (Skiff). At the time of his death he had completed filming two yet-to-be-released films: \"That Good Night\", in which he played a terminally ill writer. Hurt was initially cast as former British prime minister Neville Chamberlain in \"Darkest Hour\". However, according to Gary Oldman, Hurt was undergoing treatment for pancreatic cancer, and was unable to attend the read-throughs; actor Ronald Pickup assumed the role of Chamberlain instead, and Hurt died from cancer in January 2017. Hurt had an older brother, Br. Anselm (born Michael), a Roman Catholic convert who became a monk and writer at Glenstal Abbey ; Hurt had contributed to his brother's books. Hurt also had an adopted sister, Monica. In 1962, Hurt's father left his parish in Cleethorpes to become headmaster of St Michael's College in the Central American country of British Honduras. Hurt's mother died in 1975, and his father died in 1999 at the age of 95. In 1962, Hurt married actress Annette Robertson. The marriage ended in 1964. In 1967, he began his longest relationship, with French model Marie-Lise Volpeliere-Pierrot. The couple had planned to get married after 15 years together. On 26 January 1983, Hurt and Volpeliere-Pierrot went horseback riding early in the morning near their house in Ascott-under-Wychwood, Oxfordshire; Volpeliere-Pierrot was thrown off her horse."], "answer": {"text": "by early June 2004 had reached number 1 on the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, number 2 on the Billboard 200,", "answer_start": 1162}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was hurt no more", "answer": {"text": "Winans recorded his second album Hurt No More in 2001, 2002, and 2003", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it a success", "answer": {"text": "by early June 2004 had reached number 1 on the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart,", "answer_start": 1162, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards for it", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where there any popular singles off of it", "answer": {"text": "The first single \"I Don't Wanna Know\" was based on a sample of the Fugees' 1996 hit single \"Ready or Not\",", "answer_start": 161, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_10cbae9cc4064c5c9fe16de18783e0f0_0_q#0", "question": "Was John Dee married?", "rewrite": "Was John Dee married?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Arthur Dee Arthur Dee (13 July 1579 \u2013 September or October 1651) was a physician and alchemist. He was the eldest son of John Dee by his third wife, Jane, daughter of Bartholomew Fromond of East Cheam, Surrey, and was born at Mortlake on 13 July 1579. He accompanied his father in travels through Germany, Poland, and Bohemia. After his return to England he was placed at Westminster School, 3 May 1592, under the tuition of Edward Grant and Camden. Anthony Wood was informed that he subsequently studied at Oxford, but he took no degree, and his college is unknown. Settling in London with the intention of practising 'physic' (medicine) he exhibited at the door of his house a list of medicines which were said to be certain cures for many diseases. The censors of the College of Physicians summoned him to appear before them; but it is not known with what outcome. Proceeding to Manchester, Dee married Isabella, daughter of Edward Prestwych, justice of the peace. Through the recommendation of James I he was appointed one of the physicians to the Tsar Michael I of Russia. He remained in Russia for about fourteen years, principally at Moscow. There he wrote his \"Fasciculus Chemicus\", a collection of writings on alchemy. Returning to England upon the death of his wife in 1637, Dee became physician to King Charles I. Upon his retirement Arthur Dee resided in Norwich, where he became a friend of Sir Thomas Browne. His relationship to Browne has been little explored, one literary critic speculating of this relationship, Arthur Dee died in September or October 1651 and was buried in St George's Church, Tombland, Norwich. He had seven sons and six daughters. On his death the bulk of Arthur Dee's alchemical manuscripts and books were bequeathed to Sir Thomas Browne.", "The songs were officially sanctioned, largely at the behest of Rolling Stones' manager Andrew Oldham and released on Warner Bros. Records. The duo had eight other singles chart with a total of five reaching the Top 30. Their other hits included \"Tell Me\" (1962), \"Young and in Love\" (1963), \"Turn Around\" in 1964 (written by Malvina Reynolds and recorded by Harry Belafonte), and \"Thou Shalt Not Steal\" (their second-biggest hit, reaching No. 13 in 1965, which included a special picture sleeve issue promoting Triumph Motorcycles). After their last hit \"Thou Shalt Not Steal\", they remained regulars on Jack Good's television show \"Shindig!\". In 1965, Dee Dee married the duo's manager (later executive television producer for Dick Clark Productions), Bill Lee, and had one son. In 1969, St. John and Sperling parted ways. Dick St. John continued as a songwriter, co-writing \"Yellow Balloon\" for the group of the same name. After her divorce in the early seventies, Dee Dee married Kane Phelps and moved to Big Sur for the remainder of that decade. They raised two other children, moving back to the Los Angeles area in the 1980s, and are still married . In the 1980s Dick revived the Dick and Dee Dee act with his wife, Sandy. The two of them also authored a cookbook in 1993, \"The Rock and Roll Cookbook\", which featured recipes of various rock and roll artists. St. John died in 2003 after a fall from the roof of his house. In 2006, Dee Dee Phelps published \"Vinyl Highway, Singing as Dick and Dee Dee in the Sixties\", and in 2008 she teamed with actor and singer Michael Dunn to again revive the classic Dick and Dee Dee songs on stage.", "Sperling and St. John soon garnered other hits in the early 1960s, including \"Tell Me\", (also on Liberty Records) and \"Young and In Love\", \"Turn Around\" (written by Malvina Reynolds and recorded by Harry Belafonte) and \"Thou Shalt Not Steal\" (on Warner Bros. Records). They toured with the Beach Boys, and were the opening act for the Rolling Stones when the band came to California for the first time in 1964. They later recorded various versions of officially sanctioned Stones songs, largely at the behest of Rolling Stones' manager Andrew Oldham. Their last hit, \"Thou Shalt Not Steal\" was in 1965. They remained regulars on Jack Good's television show \"Shindig!\". Dee Dee married the duo's manager (later executive television producer for Dick Clark Productions), Bill Lee, and had one son. Sperling and St. John parted ways in 1969. After her divorce in the early seventies, Dee Dee married Kane Phelps. They raised two other children and are still married today. Dick performed with his wife, Sandy, in the 1980s as Dick and Dee Dee. He died in 2003. In 2007, Phelps self-published her memoir, \"Vinyl Highway\", about touring the world with rock and roll acts in the Sixties. In October 2007, she received the \"Best Pop Campaign Award\" from the Book Publicists of Southern California for her book promotion. \" Vinyl Highway\" also received honorable mention in the \"Writer's Digest\" \"15th International Book Awards. \" as well as a \"Next Generation Indie Book Awards Finalist\" in the memoir category. In 2008, Sperling teamed with actor/singer Michael Dunn, and the two are performing as Dick and Dee Dee.", "Edward Kelley Sir Edward Kelley or Kelly, also known as Edward Talbot (; 1 August 1555 \u2013 1597/8, was an English Renaissance occultist and self-declared spirit medium. He is best known for working with John Dee in his magical investigations. Besides the professed ability to summon spirits or angels in a \"shew-stone\" or mirror, which John Dee so valued, Kelley also claimed to possess the secret of transmuting base metals into gold, the goal of alchemy, as well as the supposed Philosopher's Stone itself. Legends began to surround Kelley shortly after his death. His flamboyant biography, his relationships with Queen Elizabeth I's royal magus Sir John Dee and the Emperor Rudolf II, and his claims of great alchemical skill and the ability to communicate with angels have all led to his relative notoriety among historians. This has made him (along with the German Faustus and Sir John Dee himself) one source for the folklorical image of the alchemist-medium-charlatan. Much of Kelley's early life is obscure. He claimed descent from the family of Ui Maine in Ireland. He was born at Worcester on 1 August 1555, at 4 P.M. according to a horoscope that John Dee drew up (based on notes Dee kept in his almanac/diary). His sister Elizabeth was born in 1558, and he had a brother Thomas who later joined him in Dee's household. However, much of Kelley's life before meeting John Dee is not known. He may have studied at Oxford under the name of Talbot; whether or not he attended university, Kelly was educated and knew Latin and possibly some Greek by the time he met Dee. Anthony \u00e0 Wood records in \"Athenae Oxoniensis\" that Kelley, \"", "The Bones of Avalon The Bones of Avalon is a novel in first-person narrative mode by Phil Rickman. It is about John Dee who investigates undercover on Her Majesty's Service. It was followed by \"The Heresy of Dr Dee\". John Dee gets visited by Elizabeth I of England in Mortlake. She implies she wants to do some research on \"our royal ancestor\" King Arthur. Subsequently, her Secretary of State Sir William Cecil assigns him to seize King Arthur's bones. This would finally refute the still popular myth of King Arthur's messianic return. Sir William Cecil wants to have Arthur's bones \"formally presented\" to the Queen by Dee, who HRH considers \"her Merlin\". John Dee arrives in Glastonbury, where according to Giraldus Cambrensis some centuries ago a successful excavation of King Arthur's remains has taken place. When Dee's supporter Robert Dudley gets seriously sick, the local healer Eleanor Borrow is supposed to cure him. She goes fetching mineral water from the Chalice Well because she thinks it increases the impact of her herbal medicine. Later, when the mutilated corpse of Dudley's servant is found, Eleanor Borrow is suspected to have murdered him as a satanic ritual. John Dee learns that Queen Elizabeth is haunted by nightmares because it is unclear what happened to Arthur's bones. Still his search remains futile. He meets secretly with Eleanor Borrow. She informs him that her late mother worked with John Leland. Craving for visions he talks her into giving him some of her mother's most dangerous elixir. When he awakes after his trip, she has disappeared. John Dee continues his search and even excavates Eleanor Borrow's mother. In her coffin he finds a map she made together with the famous antiquarian John Leland."], "answer": {"text": "Dee was married three times", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_10cbae9cc4064c5c9fe16de18783e0f0_0_q#1", "question": "did he have children?", "rewrite": "did John Dee have children?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Edward Kelley Sir Edward Kelley or Kelly, also known as Edward Talbot (; 1 August 1555 \u2013 1597/8, was an English Renaissance occultist and self-declared spirit medium. He is best known for working with John Dee in his magical investigations. Besides the professed ability to summon spirits or angels in a \"shew-stone\" or mirror, which John Dee so valued, Kelley also claimed to possess the secret of transmuting base metals into gold, the goal of alchemy, as well as the supposed Philosopher's Stone itself. Legends began to surround Kelley shortly after his death. His flamboyant biography, his relationships with Queen Elizabeth I's royal magus Sir John Dee and the Emperor Rudolf II, and his claims of great alchemical skill and the ability to communicate with angels have all led to his relative notoriety among historians. This has made him (along with the German Faustus and Sir John Dee himself) one source for the folklorical image of the alchemist-medium-charlatan. Much of Kelley's early life is obscure. He claimed descent from the family of Ui Maine in Ireland. He was born at Worcester on 1 August 1555, at 4 P.M. according to a horoscope that John Dee drew up (based on notes Dee kept in his almanac/diary). His sister Elizabeth was born in 1558, and he had a brother Thomas who later joined him in Dee's household. However, much of Kelley's life before meeting John Dee is not known. He may have studied at Oxford under the name of Talbot; whether or not he attended university, Kelly was educated and knew Latin and possibly some Greek by the time he met Dee. Anthony \u00e0 Wood records in \"Athenae Oxoniensis\" that Kelley, \"", "Jane Dee Jane Dee (\"n\u00e9e\" Fromond) (1555\u20131604/5) was an English gentlewoman and lady in waiting whose married life is documented in the journals of her husband, the philosopher, occultist, and mathematician John Dee. Jane Dee was born in 1555 to Bartholomew Fromond (or Fromonds) in Cheam in Surrey. Before her marriage to John Dee, she was a lady in waiting in the entourage of the Countess of Lincoln at the court of Queen Elizabeth I. Her court connections to Elizabeth and to other ladies in waiting may have significantly helped her husband secure patronage. Jane married John Dee in 1578 when she was 23 and he was 51. Dee was a noted natural philosopher who was particularly interested in divination, Hermetic philosophy and alchemy. He acted as an astronomical and medical advisor to Queen Elizabeth and travelled in Europe studying and advising other European nobles. After their marriage, Jane moved to Dee's home at Mortlake, south-west of London. They had a large household of family and servants which Jane had a large role in managing, as well as frequent visitors who collaborated with John on a variety of experiments which he conducted in their home. Jane and their children also travelled with Dee to Poland in 1584 to work for Albertus Laski, a Polish nobleman. She had a son while in Krak\u00f3w, waiting to join her husband in Prague. We know a great deal about Jane Dee because of the detailed diaries and records kept by her husband. Dee recorded interactions between himself and his wife, arguments, and many details of their household. Such detail about the daily life of a sixteenth-century woman is extremely rare. Dee's diaries record Jane's involvement in his scientific investigations.", "In 2011 he completed the editing and rectification of the text (using the original manuscripts) of Dr John Dee's \"A True & Faithful Relation of what passed for many years between Dr. John Dee...and some Spirits. \" This was published as \"Dr John Dee's Spiritual Diaries(1583-1608)\" in 2011. As well as original works he edited a number of 16th-18th century manuscripts on magic, making them available in print for the first time in the \"Sourceworks of Ceremonial Magic\" series. Periplus contracted him to write a coffee table book on feng shui, \"Feng Shui Style\". He set up a feng shui consultancy for both expats and the local Chinese community in both Singapore and Malaysia. There he continued writing books on magic, and publishing the \"Source Works of Ceremonial Magic\" series. The first volume of this series was \"The Practical Angel Magic of Dr. John Dee's Enochian Tables\", opening the doors on 17th century angel magic. This was followed by \"The Keys to the Gateway of Magic\" and then \"The Goetia of Dr Rudd\", a 17th-century version of the four books of the \"Lemegeton\" otherwise known as the \"Lesser Key of Solomon\". The next volume in the series was an edition of three manuscripts of one of the most famous grimoires, \"The Veritable Key of Solomon\". He has written over 34 full length published books, with a further 12 edited and introduced, making a total of over 46 books mainly on magic and feng shui, but with a few others on alchemy, astrology and sacred geometry.", "The Bones of Avalon The Bones of Avalon is a novel in first-person narrative mode by Phil Rickman. It is about John Dee who investigates undercover on Her Majesty's Service. It was followed by \"The Heresy of Dr Dee\". John Dee gets visited by Elizabeth I of England in Mortlake. She implies she wants to do some research on \"our royal ancestor\" King Arthur. Subsequently, her Secretary of State Sir William Cecil assigns him to seize King Arthur's bones. This would finally refute the still popular myth of King Arthur's messianic return. Sir William Cecil wants to have Arthur's bones \"formally presented\" to the Queen by Dee, who HRH considers \"her Merlin\". John Dee arrives in Glastonbury, where according to Giraldus Cambrensis some centuries ago a successful excavation of King Arthur's remains has taken place. When Dee's supporter Robert Dudley gets seriously sick, the local healer Eleanor Borrow is supposed to cure him. She goes fetching mineral water from the Chalice Well because she thinks it increases the impact of her herbal medicine. Later, when the mutilated corpse of Dudley's servant is found, Eleanor Borrow is suspected to have murdered him as a satanic ritual. John Dee learns that Queen Elizabeth is haunted by nightmares because it is unclear what happened to Arthur's bones. Still his search remains futile. He meets secretly with Eleanor Borrow. She informs him that her late mother worked with John Leland. Craving for visions he talks her into giving him some of her mother's most dangerous elixir. When he awakes after his trip, she has disappeared. John Dee continues his search and even excavates Eleanor Borrow's mother. In her coffin he finds a map she made together with the famous antiquarian John Leland.", "The novel is an allegory for the internment of Japanese Americans during the Second World War. Shimerman has co-written a series of books in which he provides a science fictional basis for the life of Dr. John Dee. The first novel in the series, \"The Merchant Prince\", was co-written with Irish author Michael Scott, known for his Nicholas Flamel series. Published in 2000, it features the historical figure John Dee being placed in suspended animation in 1575 by an alien race known as the Roc and awakening in 2099. The cover features Shimerman in Elizabethan garb. Shimerman commented: \"John Dee really did exist. We're pretty sure he was a member of Queen Elizabeth's secret service, which put it in his purview to kill if he needed to. The Elizabethan period was a much more perilous time; you had to be quick with a dagger and nefarious in order to survive\". Shimerman thought there were aspects of both himself and his \"\" character, Quark, in the novel's interpretation of John Dee. Shimerman commented: \"There are aspects of Quark similar to Dr. Dee, and undoubtedly there are aspects of Dr. Dee similar to Armin Shimerman, which would make him seem like Quark as well\". The other novels in the series are \"Outrageous Fortune\" (2002), co-written with Chelsea Quinn Yarbro, known for her historical horror novels, and \"Capital Offense\" (2003). Shimerman is married to actress Kitty Swink."], "answer": {"text": "Dee was married three times and had eight children.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was John Dee married?", "answer": {"text": "Dee was married three times", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_10cbae9cc4064c5c9fe16de18783e0f0_0_q#2", "question": "who was his first wife?", "rewrite": "who was John Dee first wife?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The novel is an allegory for the internment of Japanese Americans during the Second World War. Shimerman has co-written a series of books in which he provides a science fictional basis for the life of Dr. John Dee. The first novel in the series, \"The Merchant Prince\", was co-written with Irish author Michael Scott, known for his Nicholas Flamel series. Published in 2000, it features the historical figure John Dee being placed in suspended animation in 1575 by an alien race known as the Roc and awakening in 2099. The cover features Shimerman in Elizabethan garb. Shimerman commented: \"John Dee really did exist. We're pretty sure he was a member of Queen Elizabeth's secret service, which put it in his purview to kill if he needed to. The Elizabethan period was a much more perilous time; you had to be quick with a dagger and nefarious in order to survive\". Shimerman thought there were aspects of both himself and his \"\" character, Quark, in the novel's interpretation of John Dee. Shimerman commented: \"There are aspects of Quark similar to Dr. Dee, and undoubtedly there are aspects of Dr. Dee similar to Armin Shimerman, which would make him seem like Quark as well\". The other novels in the series are \"Outrageous Fortune\" (2002), co-written with Chelsea Quinn Yarbro, known for her historical horror novels, and \"Capital Offense\" (2003). Shimerman is married to actress Kitty Swink.", "Jane Dee Jane Dee (\"n\u00e9e\" Fromond) (1555\u20131604/5) was an English gentlewoman and lady in waiting whose married life is documented in the journals of her husband, the philosopher, occultist, and mathematician John Dee. Jane Dee was born in 1555 to Bartholomew Fromond (or Fromonds) in Cheam in Surrey. Before her marriage to John Dee, she was a lady in waiting in the entourage of the Countess of Lincoln at the court of Queen Elizabeth I. Her court connections to Elizabeth and to other ladies in waiting may have significantly helped her husband secure patronage. Jane married John Dee in 1578 when she was 23 and he was 51. Dee was a noted natural philosopher who was particularly interested in divination, Hermetic philosophy and alchemy. He acted as an astronomical and medical advisor to Queen Elizabeth and travelled in Europe studying and advising other European nobles. After their marriage, Jane moved to Dee's home at Mortlake, south-west of London. They had a large household of family and servants which Jane had a large role in managing, as well as frequent visitors who collaborated with John on a variety of experiments which he conducted in their home. Jane and their children also travelled with Dee to Poland in 1584 to work for Albertus Laski, a Polish nobleman. She had a son while in Krak\u00f3w, waiting to join her husband in Prague. We know a great deal about Jane Dee because of the detailed diaries and records kept by her husband. Dee recorded interactions between himself and his wife, arguments, and many details of their household. Such detail about the daily life of a sixteenth-century woman is extremely rare. Dee's diaries record Jane's involvement in his scientific investigations.", "In 2011 he completed the editing and rectification of the text (using the original manuscripts) of Dr John Dee's \"A True & Faithful Relation of what passed for many years between Dr. John Dee...and some Spirits. \" This was published as \"Dr John Dee's Spiritual Diaries(1583-1608)\" in 2011. As well as original works he edited a number of 16th-18th century manuscripts on magic, making them available in print for the first time in the \"Sourceworks of Ceremonial Magic\" series. Periplus contracted him to write a coffee table book on feng shui, \"Feng Shui Style\". He set up a feng shui consultancy for both expats and the local Chinese community in both Singapore and Malaysia. There he continued writing books on magic, and publishing the \"Source Works of Ceremonial Magic\" series. The first volume of this series was \"The Practical Angel Magic of Dr. John Dee's Enochian Tables\", opening the doors on 17th century angel magic. This was followed by \"The Keys to the Gateway of Magic\" and then \"The Goetia of Dr Rudd\", a 17th-century version of the four books of the \"Lemegeton\" otherwise known as the \"Lesser Key of Solomon\". The next volume in the series was an edition of three manuscripts of one of the most famous grimoires, \"The Veritable Key of Solomon\". He has written over 34 full length published books, with a further 12 edited and introduced, making a total of over 46 books mainly on magic and feng shui, but with a few others on alchemy, astrology and sacred geometry.", "The Bones of Avalon The Bones of Avalon is a novel in first-person narrative mode by Phil Rickman. It is about John Dee who investigates undercover on Her Majesty's Service. It was followed by \"The Heresy of Dr Dee\". John Dee gets visited by Elizabeth I of England in Mortlake. She implies she wants to do some research on \"our royal ancestor\" King Arthur. Subsequently, her Secretary of State Sir William Cecil assigns him to seize King Arthur's bones. This would finally refute the still popular myth of King Arthur's messianic return. Sir William Cecil wants to have Arthur's bones \"formally presented\" to the Queen by Dee, who HRH considers \"her Merlin\". John Dee arrives in Glastonbury, where according to Giraldus Cambrensis some centuries ago a successful excavation of King Arthur's remains has taken place. When Dee's supporter Robert Dudley gets seriously sick, the local healer Eleanor Borrow is supposed to cure him. She goes fetching mineral water from the Chalice Well because she thinks it increases the impact of her herbal medicine. Later, when the mutilated corpse of Dudley's servant is found, Eleanor Borrow is suspected to have murdered him as a satanic ritual. John Dee learns that Queen Elizabeth is haunted by nightmares because it is unclear what happened to Arthur's bones. Still his search remains futile. He meets secretly with Eleanor Borrow. She informs him that her late mother worked with John Leland. Craving for visions he talks her into giving him some of her mother's most dangerous elixir. When he awakes after his trip, she has disappeared. John Dee continues his search and even excavates Eleanor Borrow's mother. In her coffin he finds a map she made together with the famous antiquarian John Leland.", "Edward Kelley Sir Edward Kelley or Kelly, also known as Edward Talbot (; 1 August 1555 \u2013 1597/8, was an English Renaissance occultist and self-declared spirit medium. He is best known for working with John Dee in his magical investigations. Besides the professed ability to summon spirits or angels in a \"shew-stone\" or mirror, which John Dee so valued, Kelley also claimed to possess the secret of transmuting base metals into gold, the goal of alchemy, as well as the supposed Philosopher's Stone itself. Legends began to surround Kelley shortly after his death. His flamboyant biography, his relationships with Queen Elizabeth I's royal magus Sir John Dee and the Emperor Rudolf II, and his claims of great alchemical skill and the ability to communicate with angels have all led to his relative notoriety among historians. This has made him (along with the German Faustus and Sir John Dee himself) one source for the folklorical image of the alchemist-medium-charlatan. Much of Kelley's early life is obscure. He claimed descent from the family of Ui Maine in Ireland. He was born at Worcester on 1 August 1555, at 4 P.M. according to a horoscope that John Dee drew up (based on notes Dee kept in his almanac/diary). His sister Elizabeth was born in 1558, and he had a brother Thomas who later joined him in Dee's household. However, much of Kelley's life before meeting John Dee is not known. He may have studied at Oxford under the name of Talbot; whether or not he attended university, Kelly was educated and knew Latin and possibly some Greek by the time he met Dee. Anthony \u00e0 Wood records in \"Athenae Oxoniensis\" that Kelley, \""], "answer": {"text": "He first married Katherine Constable in 1565; she died in 1574 and their union resulted in no children.", "answer_start": 52}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was John Dee married?", "answer": {"text": "Dee was married three times", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have children?", "answer": {"text": "Dee was married three times and had eight children.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_10cbae9cc4064c5c9fe16de18783e0f0_0_q#3", "question": "who was his second wife?", "rewrite": "who was John Dee second wife?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jane Dee Jane Dee (\"n\u00e9e\" Fromond) (1555\u20131604/5) was an English gentlewoman and lady in waiting whose married life is documented in the journals of her husband, the philosopher, occultist, and mathematician John Dee. Jane Dee was born in 1555 to Bartholomew Fromond (or Fromonds) in Cheam in Surrey. Before her marriage to John Dee, she was a lady in waiting in the entourage of the Countess of Lincoln at the court of Queen Elizabeth I. Her court connections to Elizabeth and to other ladies in waiting may have significantly helped her husband secure patronage. Jane married John Dee in 1578 when she was 23 and he was 51. Dee was a noted natural philosopher who was particularly interested in divination, Hermetic philosophy and alchemy. He acted as an astronomical and medical advisor to Queen Elizabeth and travelled in Europe studying and advising other European nobles. After their marriage, Jane moved to Dee's home at Mortlake, south-west of London. They had a large household of family and servants which Jane had a large role in managing, as well as frequent visitors who collaborated with John on a variety of experiments which he conducted in their home. Jane and their children also travelled with Dee to Poland in 1584 to work for Albertus Laski, a Polish nobleman. She had a son while in Krak\u00f3w, waiting to join her husband in Prague. We know a great deal about Jane Dee because of the detailed diaries and records kept by her husband. Dee recorded interactions between himself and his wife, arguments, and many details of their household. Such detail about the daily life of a sixteenth-century woman is extremely rare. Dee's diaries record Jane's involvement in his scientific investigations.", "Edward Kelley Sir Edward Kelley or Kelly, also known as Edward Talbot (; 1 August 1555 \u2013 1597/8, was an English Renaissance occultist and self-declared spirit medium. He is best known for working with John Dee in his magical investigations. Besides the professed ability to summon spirits or angels in a \"shew-stone\" or mirror, which John Dee so valued, Kelley also claimed to possess the secret of transmuting base metals into gold, the goal of alchemy, as well as the supposed Philosopher's Stone itself. Legends began to surround Kelley shortly after his death. His flamboyant biography, his relationships with Queen Elizabeth I's royal magus Sir John Dee and the Emperor Rudolf II, and his claims of great alchemical skill and the ability to communicate with angels have all led to his relative notoriety among historians. This has made him (along with the German Faustus and Sir John Dee himself) one source for the folklorical image of the alchemist-medium-charlatan. Much of Kelley's early life is obscure. He claimed descent from the family of Ui Maine in Ireland. He was born at Worcester on 1 August 1555, at 4 P.M. according to a horoscope that John Dee drew up (based on notes Dee kept in his almanac/diary). His sister Elizabeth was born in 1558, and he had a brother Thomas who later joined him in Dee's household. However, much of Kelley's life before meeting John Dee is not known. He may have studied at Oxford under the name of Talbot; whether or not he attended university, Kelly was educated and knew Latin and possibly some Greek by the time he met Dee. Anthony \u00e0 Wood records in \"Athenae Oxoniensis\" that Kelley, \"", "The Bones of Avalon The Bones of Avalon is a novel in first-person narrative mode by Phil Rickman. It is about John Dee who investigates undercover on Her Majesty's Service. It was followed by \"The Heresy of Dr Dee\". John Dee gets visited by Elizabeth I of England in Mortlake. She implies she wants to do some research on \"our royal ancestor\" King Arthur. Subsequently, her Secretary of State Sir William Cecil assigns him to seize King Arthur's bones. This would finally refute the still popular myth of King Arthur's messianic return. Sir William Cecil wants to have Arthur's bones \"formally presented\" to the Queen by Dee, who HRH considers \"her Merlin\". John Dee arrives in Glastonbury, where according to Giraldus Cambrensis some centuries ago a successful excavation of King Arthur's remains has taken place. When Dee's supporter Robert Dudley gets seriously sick, the local healer Eleanor Borrow is supposed to cure him. She goes fetching mineral water from the Chalice Well because she thinks it increases the impact of her herbal medicine. Later, when the mutilated corpse of Dudley's servant is found, Eleanor Borrow is suspected to have murdered him as a satanic ritual. John Dee learns that Queen Elizabeth is haunted by nightmares because it is unclear what happened to Arthur's bones. Still his search remains futile. He meets secretly with Eleanor Borrow. She informs him that her late mother worked with John Leland. Craving for visions he talks her into giving him some of her mother's most dangerous elixir. When he awakes after his trip, she has disappeared. John Dee continues his search and even excavates Eleanor Borrow's mother. In her coffin he finds a map she made together with the famous antiquarian John Leland.", "The novel is an allegory for the internment of Japanese Americans during the Second World War. Shimerman has co-written a series of books in which he provides a science fictional basis for the life of Dr. John Dee. The first novel in the series, \"The Merchant Prince\", was co-written with Irish author Michael Scott, known for his Nicholas Flamel series. Published in 2000, it features the historical figure John Dee being placed in suspended animation in 1575 by an alien race known as the Roc and awakening in 2099. The cover features Shimerman in Elizabethan garb. Shimerman commented: \"John Dee really did exist. We're pretty sure he was a member of Queen Elizabeth's secret service, which put it in his purview to kill if he needed to. The Elizabethan period was a much more perilous time; you had to be quick with a dagger and nefarious in order to survive\". Shimerman thought there were aspects of both himself and his \"\" character, Quark, in the novel's interpretation of John Dee. Shimerman commented: \"There are aspects of Quark similar to Dr. Dee, and undoubtedly there are aspects of Dr. Dee similar to Armin Shimerman, which would make him seem like Quark as well\". The other novels in the series are \"Outrageous Fortune\" (2002), co-written with Chelsea Quinn Yarbro, known for her historical horror novels, and \"Capital Offense\" (2003). Shimerman is married to actress Kitty Swink.", "In 2011 he completed the editing and rectification of the text (using the original manuscripts) of Dr John Dee's \"A True & Faithful Relation of what passed for many years between Dr. John Dee...and some Spirits. \" This was published as \"Dr John Dee's Spiritual Diaries(1583-1608)\" in 2011. As well as original works he edited a number of 16th-18th century manuscripts on magic, making them available in print for the first time in the \"Sourceworks of Ceremonial Magic\" series. Periplus contracted him to write a coffee table book on feng shui, \"Feng Shui Style\". He set up a feng shui consultancy for both expats and the local Chinese community in both Singapore and Malaysia. There he continued writing books on magic, and publishing the \"Source Works of Ceremonial Magic\" series. The first volume of this series was \"The Practical Angel Magic of Dr. John Dee's Enochian Tables\", opening the doors on 17th century angel magic. This was followed by \"The Keys to the Gateway of Magic\" and then \"The Goetia of Dr Rudd\", a 17th-century version of the four books of the \"Lemegeton\" otherwise known as the \"Lesser Key of Solomon\". The next volume in the series was an edition of three manuscripts of one of the most famous grimoires, \"The Veritable Key of Solomon\". He has written over 34 full length published books, with a further 12 edited and introduced, making a total of over 46 books mainly on magic and feng shui, but with a few others on alchemy, astrology and sacred geometry."], "answer": {"text": "His second (also childless) marriage to an unknown woman lasted only a year until her death in 1576.", "answer_start": 156}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was John Dee married?", "answer": {"text": "Dee was married three times", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have children?", "answer": {"text": "Dee was married three times and had eight children.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was his first wife?", "answer": {"text": "He first married Katherine Constable in 1565; she died in 1574 and their union resulted in no children.", "answer_start": 52, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_10cbae9cc4064c5c9fe16de18783e0f0_0_q#4", "question": "did they have children?", "rewrite": "did John Dee and the second wife have children?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["In 2011 he completed the editing and rectification of the text (using the original manuscripts) of Dr John Dee's \"A True & Faithful Relation of what passed for many years between Dr. John Dee...and some Spirits. \" This was published as \"Dr John Dee's Spiritual Diaries(1583-1608)\" in 2011. As well as original works he edited a number of 16th-18th century manuscripts on magic, making them available in print for the first time in the \"Sourceworks of Ceremonial Magic\" series. Periplus contracted him to write a coffee table book on feng shui, \"Feng Shui Style\". He set up a feng shui consultancy for both expats and the local Chinese community in both Singapore and Malaysia. There he continued writing books on magic, and publishing the \"Source Works of Ceremonial Magic\" series. The first volume of this series was \"The Practical Angel Magic of Dr. John Dee's Enochian Tables\", opening the doors on 17th century angel magic. This was followed by \"The Keys to the Gateway of Magic\" and then \"The Goetia of Dr Rudd\", a 17th-century version of the four books of the \"Lemegeton\" otherwise known as the \"Lesser Key of Solomon\". The next volume in the series was an edition of three manuscripts of one of the most famous grimoires, \"The Veritable Key of Solomon\". He has written over 34 full length published books, with a further 12 edited and introduced, making a total of over 46 books mainly on magic and feng shui, but with a few others on alchemy, astrology and sacred geometry.", "The novel is an allegory for the internment of Japanese Americans during the Second World War. Shimerman has co-written a series of books in which he provides a science fictional basis for the life of Dr. John Dee. The first novel in the series, \"The Merchant Prince\", was co-written with Irish author Michael Scott, known for his Nicholas Flamel series. Published in 2000, it features the historical figure John Dee being placed in suspended animation in 1575 by an alien race known as the Roc and awakening in 2099. The cover features Shimerman in Elizabethan garb. Shimerman commented: \"John Dee really did exist. We're pretty sure he was a member of Queen Elizabeth's secret service, which put it in his purview to kill if he needed to. The Elizabethan period was a much more perilous time; you had to be quick with a dagger and nefarious in order to survive\". Shimerman thought there were aspects of both himself and his \"\" character, Quark, in the novel's interpretation of John Dee. Shimerman commented: \"There are aspects of Quark similar to Dr. Dee, and undoubtedly there are aspects of Dr. Dee similar to Armin Shimerman, which would make him seem like Quark as well\". The other novels in the series are \"Outrageous Fortune\" (2002), co-written with Chelsea Quinn Yarbro, known for her historical horror novels, and \"Capital Offense\" (2003). Shimerman is married to actress Kitty Swink.", "Edward Kelley Sir Edward Kelley or Kelly, also known as Edward Talbot (; 1 August 1555 \u2013 1597/8, was an English Renaissance occultist and self-declared spirit medium. He is best known for working with John Dee in his magical investigations. Besides the professed ability to summon spirits or angels in a \"shew-stone\" or mirror, which John Dee so valued, Kelley also claimed to possess the secret of transmuting base metals into gold, the goal of alchemy, as well as the supposed Philosopher's Stone itself. Legends began to surround Kelley shortly after his death. His flamboyant biography, his relationships with Queen Elizabeth I's royal magus Sir John Dee and the Emperor Rudolf II, and his claims of great alchemical skill and the ability to communicate with angels have all led to his relative notoriety among historians. This has made him (along with the German Faustus and Sir John Dee himself) one source for the folklorical image of the alchemist-medium-charlatan. Much of Kelley's early life is obscure. He claimed descent from the family of Ui Maine in Ireland. He was born at Worcester on 1 August 1555, at 4 P.M. according to a horoscope that John Dee drew up (based on notes Dee kept in his almanac/diary). His sister Elizabeth was born in 1558, and he had a brother Thomas who later joined him in Dee's household. However, much of Kelley's life before meeting John Dee is not known. He may have studied at Oxford under the name of Talbot; whether or not he attended university, Kelly was educated and knew Latin and possibly some Greek by the time he met Dee. Anthony \u00e0 Wood records in \"Athenae Oxoniensis\" that Kelley, \"", "Jane Dee Jane Dee (\"n\u00e9e\" Fromond) (1555\u20131604/5) was an English gentlewoman and lady in waiting whose married life is documented in the journals of her husband, the philosopher, occultist, and mathematician John Dee. Jane Dee was born in 1555 to Bartholomew Fromond (or Fromonds) in Cheam in Surrey. Before her marriage to John Dee, she was a lady in waiting in the entourage of the Countess of Lincoln at the court of Queen Elizabeth I. Her court connections to Elizabeth and to other ladies in waiting may have significantly helped her husband secure patronage. Jane married John Dee in 1578 when she was 23 and he was 51. Dee was a noted natural philosopher who was particularly interested in divination, Hermetic philosophy and alchemy. He acted as an astronomical and medical advisor to Queen Elizabeth and travelled in Europe studying and advising other European nobles. After their marriage, Jane moved to Dee's home at Mortlake, south-west of London. They had a large household of family and servants which Jane had a large role in managing, as well as frequent visitors who collaborated with John on a variety of experiments which he conducted in their home. Jane and their children also travelled with Dee to Poland in 1584 to work for Albertus Laski, a Polish nobleman. She had a son while in Krak\u00f3w, waiting to join her husband in Prague. We know a great deal about Jane Dee because of the detailed diaries and records kept by her husband. Dee recorded interactions between himself and his wife, arguments, and many details of their household. Such detail about the daily life of a sixteenth-century woman is extremely rare. Dee's diaries record Jane's involvement in his scientific investigations.", "The Bones of Avalon The Bones of Avalon is a novel in first-person narrative mode by Phil Rickman. It is about John Dee who investigates undercover on Her Majesty's Service. It was followed by \"The Heresy of Dr Dee\". John Dee gets visited by Elizabeth I of England in Mortlake. She implies she wants to do some research on \"our royal ancestor\" King Arthur. Subsequently, her Secretary of State Sir William Cecil assigns him to seize King Arthur's bones. This would finally refute the still popular myth of King Arthur's messianic return. Sir William Cecil wants to have Arthur's bones \"formally presented\" to the Queen by Dee, who HRH considers \"her Merlin\". John Dee arrives in Glastonbury, where according to Giraldus Cambrensis some centuries ago a successful excavation of King Arthur's remains has taken place. When Dee's supporter Robert Dudley gets seriously sick, the local healer Eleanor Borrow is supposed to cure him. She goes fetching mineral water from the Chalice Well because she thinks it increases the impact of her herbal medicine. Later, when the mutilated corpse of Dudley's servant is found, Eleanor Borrow is suspected to have murdered him as a satanic ritual. John Dee learns that Queen Elizabeth is haunted by nightmares because it is unclear what happened to Arthur's bones. Still his search remains futile. He meets secretly with Eleanor Borrow. She informs him that her late mother worked with John Leland. Craving for visions he talks her into giving him some of her mother's most dangerous elixir. When he awakes after his trip, she has disappeared. John Dee continues his search and even excavates Eleanor Borrow's mother. In her coffin he finds a map she made together with the famous antiquarian John Leland."], "answer": {"text": "His second (also childless) marriage", "answer_start": 156}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was John Dee married?", "answer": {"text": "Dee was married three times", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have children?", "answer": {"text": "Dee was married three times and had eight children.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was his first wife?", "answer": {"text": "He first married Katherine Constable in 1565; she died in 1574 and their union resulted in no children.", "answer_start": 52, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was his second wife?", "answer": {"text": "His second (also childless) marriage to an unknown woman lasted only a year until her death in 1576.", "answer_start": 156, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_10cbae9cc4064c5c9fe16de18783e0f0_0_q#6", "question": "who was John's third wife?", "rewrite": "who was John Dee third wife?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Edward Kelley Sir Edward Kelley or Kelly, also known as Edward Talbot (; 1 August 1555 \u2013 1597/8, was an English Renaissance occultist and self-declared spirit medium. He is best known for working with John Dee in his magical investigations. Besides the professed ability to summon spirits or angels in a \"shew-stone\" or mirror, which John Dee so valued, Kelley also claimed to possess the secret of transmuting base metals into gold, the goal of alchemy, as well as the supposed Philosopher's Stone itself. Legends began to surround Kelley shortly after his death. His flamboyant biography, his relationships with Queen Elizabeth I's royal magus Sir John Dee and the Emperor Rudolf II, and his claims of great alchemical skill and the ability to communicate with angels have all led to his relative notoriety among historians. This has made him (along with the German Faustus and Sir John Dee himself) one source for the folklorical image of the alchemist-medium-charlatan. Much of Kelley's early life is obscure. He claimed descent from the family of Ui Maine in Ireland. He was born at Worcester on 1 August 1555, at 4 P.M. according to a horoscope that John Dee drew up (based on notes Dee kept in his almanac/diary). His sister Elizabeth was born in 1558, and he had a brother Thomas who later joined him in Dee's household. However, much of Kelley's life before meeting John Dee is not known. He may have studied at Oxford under the name of Talbot; whether or not he attended university, Kelly was educated and knew Latin and possibly some Greek by the time he met Dee. Anthony \u00e0 Wood records in \"Athenae Oxoniensis\" that Kelley, \"", "Jane Dee Jane Dee (\"n\u00e9e\" Fromond) (1555\u20131604/5) was an English gentlewoman and lady in waiting whose married life is documented in the journals of her husband, the philosopher, occultist, and mathematician John Dee. Jane Dee was born in 1555 to Bartholomew Fromond (or Fromonds) in Cheam in Surrey. Before her marriage to John Dee, she was a lady in waiting in the entourage of the Countess of Lincoln at the court of Queen Elizabeth I. Her court connections to Elizabeth and to other ladies in waiting may have significantly helped her husband secure patronage. Jane married John Dee in 1578 when she was 23 and he was 51. Dee was a noted natural philosopher who was particularly interested in divination, Hermetic philosophy and alchemy. He acted as an astronomical and medical advisor to Queen Elizabeth and travelled in Europe studying and advising other European nobles. After their marriage, Jane moved to Dee's home at Mortlake, south-west of London. They had a large household of family and servants which Jane had a large role in managing, as well as frequent visitors who collaborated with John on a variety of experiments which he conducted in their home. Jane and their children also travelled with Dee to Poland in 1584 to work for Albertus Laski, a Polish nobleman. She had a son while in Krak\u00f3w, waiting to join her husband in Prague. We know a great deal about Jane Dee because of the detailed diaries and records kept by her husband. Dee recorded interactions between himself and his wife, arguments, and many details of their household. Such detail about the daily life of a sixteenth-century woman is extremely rare. Dee's diaries record Jane's involvement in his scientific investigations.", "The novel is an allegory for the internment of Japanese Americans during the Second World War. Shimerman has co-written a series of books in which he provides a science fictional basis for the life of Dr. John Dee. The first novel in the series, \"The Merchant Prince\", was co-written with Irish author Michael Scott, known for his Nicholas Flamel series. Published in 2000, it features the historical figure John Dee being placed in suspended animation in 1575 by an alien race known as the Roc and awakening in 2099. The cover features Shimerman in Elizabethan garb. Shimerman commented: \"John Dee really did exist. We're pretty sure he was a member of Queen Elizabeth's secret service, which put it in his purview to kill if he needed to. The Elizabethan period was a much more perilous time; you had to be quick with a dagger and nefarious in order to survive\". Shimerman thought there were aspects of both himself and his \"\" character, Quark, in the novel's interpretation of John Dee. Shimerman commented: \"There are aspects of Quark similar to Dr. Dee, and undoubtedly there are aspects of Dr. Dee similar to Armin Shimerman, which would make him seem like Quark as well\". The other novels in the series are \"Outrageous Fortune\" (2002), co-written with Chelsea Quinn Yarbro, known for her historical horror novels, and \"Capital Offense\" (2003). Shimerman is married to actress Kitty Swink.", "In 2011 he completed the editing and rectification of the text (using the original manuscripts) of Dr John Dee's \"A True & Faithful Relation of what passed for many years between Dr. John Dee...and some Spirits. \" This was published as \"Dr John Dee's Spiritual Diaries(1583-1608)\" in 2011. As well as original works he edited a number of 16th-18th century manuscripts on magic, making them available in print for the first time in the \"Sourceworks of Ceremonial Magic\" series. Periplus contracted him to write a coffee table book on feng shui, \"Feng Shui Style\". He set up a feng shui consultancy for both expats and the local Chinese community in both Singapore and Malaysia. There he continued writing books on magic, and publishing the \"Source Works of Ceremonial Magic\" series. The first volume of this series was \"The Practical Angel Magic of Dr. John Dee's Enochian Tables\", opening the doors on 17th century angel magic. This was followed by \"The Keys to the Gateway of Magic\" and then \"The Goetia of Dr Rudd\", a 17th-century version of the four books of the \"Lemegeton\" otherwise known as the \"Lesser Key of Solomon\". The next volume in the series was an edition of three manuscripts of one of the most famous grimoires, \"The Veritable Key of Solomon\". He has written over 34 full length published books, with a further 12 edited and introduced, making a total of over 46 books mainly on magic and feng shui, but with a few others on alchemy, astrology and sacred geometry.", "The Bones of Avalon The Bones of Avalon is a novel in first-person narrative mode by Phil Rickman. It is about John Dee who investigates undercover on Her Majesty's Service. It was followed by \"The Heresy of Dr Dee\". John Dee gets visited by Elizabeth I of England in Mortlake. She implies she wants to do some research on \"our royal ancestor\" King Arthur. Subsequently, her Secretary of State Sir William Cecil assigns him to seize King Arthur's bones. This would finally refute the still popular myth of King Arthur's messianic return. Sir William Cecil wants to have Arthur's bones \"formally presented\" to the Queen by Dee, who HRH considers \"her Merlin\". John Dee arrives in Glastonbury, where according to Giraldus Cambrensis some centuries ago a successful excavation of King Arthur's remains has taken place. When Dee's supporter Robert Dudley gets seriously sick, the local healer Eleanor Borrow is supposed to cure him. She goes fetching mineral water from the Chalice Well because she thinks it increases the impact of her herbal medicine. Later, when the mutilated corpse of Dudley's servant is found, Eleanor Borrow is suspected to have murdered him as a satanic ritual. John Dee learns that Queen Elizabeth is haunted by nightmares because it is unclear what happened to Arthur's bones. Still his search remains futile. He meets secretly with Eleanor Borrow. She informs him that her late mother worked with John Leland. Craving for visions he talks her into giving him some of her mother's most dangerous elixir. When he awakes after his trip, she has disappeared. John Dee continues his search and even excavates Eleanor Borrow's mother. In her coffin he finds a map she made together with the famous antiquarian John Leland."], "answer": {"text": "In 1578 he married the 23-year-old Jane Fromond: Dee was fifty-one at the time.", "answer_start": 420}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was John Dee married?", "answer": {"text": "Dee was married three times", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have children?", "answer": {"text": "Dee was married three times and had eight children.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was his first wife?", "answer": {"text": "He first married Katherine Constable in 1565; she died in 1574 and their union resulted in no children.", "answer_start": 52, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was his second wife?", "answer": {"text": "His second (also childless) marriage to an unknown woman lasted only a year until her death in 1576.", "answer_start": 156, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they have children?", "answer": {"text": "His second (also childless) marriage", "answer_start": 156, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did John attend school?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_40d8b39cb06946a9ab2a2051b100d7c0_1_q#0", "question": "When did the Byrds form?", "rewrite": "When did the Byrds form?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Byrds Play Dylan The Byrds Play Dylan is the name of two different compilation albums by the American rock band the Byrds, one released in 1979 and the other issued in 2002. As their titles suggest, each compilation consists of interpretations of Bob Dylan penned songs, which the Byrds recorded at different stages of their career. Neither version of the album reached the charts in the United States or the United Kingdom. The original version of \"The Byrds Play Dylan\" was released by Columbia Records in the U.S. in November 1979, and included all thirteen Bob Dylan covers that the band had officially released on singles or albums between 1965 and 1970. The track listing of the original American release did not present the songs in chronological order. This was rectified at the request of the Byrds' biographer Johnny Rogan for the album's UK and European release in February 1980. This reconfigured version of the album presented the tracks in chronological order by release date, starting with \"Mr. Tambourine Man\" (the Byrds' debut single) and finishing with a live rendition of \"Positively 4th Street\", taken from the band's 1970 album \"(Untitled)\". The chronological running order used for the European release was retained for all subsequent CD re-issues of the album. In 2008, the original thirteen track version of the album was re-released, with its chronological running order intact, under the augmented title of \"Collections: The Byrds Play Dylan\". In June 2002, a second compilation bearing the title \"The Byrds Play Dylan\" was released, which expanded considerably on the scope of the original album and included a number of alternate versions and live recordings that had not been released while the Byrds were still together.", "To strengthen their case, the three musicians announced in December 1988 that they would be performing a series of concerts in January 1989 as the Byrds. Although he was no longer connected with Clarke's tribute act, Gene Clark was not invited to participate in these official Byrds reunion concerts due to residual ill-feeling stemming from his earlier \"20th Anniversary Tribute to the Byrds\". The reunion concerts were a resounding success, but with Michael Clarke continuing to tour with his Byrds tribute, McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman filed a lawsuit against the drummer in the spring of 1989, suing him for allegedly false advertising, unfair competition and deceptive trade practices, as well as seeking a preliminary injunction against Clarke's use of the name. At the court hearing in May 1989, the judge denied the injunction, ruling that McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman had failed to show that they would be irreparably damaged by Clarke's actions. As a result, Clarke gained full legal ownership of the name the Byrds. In the wake of this ruling, McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman dropped their lawsuit, but to demonstrate that they had not wholly surrendered the Byrds name to Clarke, the three musicians appeared under the banner of \"The Original Byrds\" at a Roy Orbison tribute concert on February 24, 1990, where they were joined on-stage by Bob Dylan for a rendition of \"Mr. Tambourine Man\". Later that year, McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman entered Treasure Isle Recorders in Nashville to record four new Byrds tracks for inclusion on the forthcoming \"The Byrds\" box set. On January 16, 1991, the five original members of the Byrds put aside their differences to appear together at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City for their induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Despite Tickner's statement being an obvious publicity stunt and the deliberately tongue-in-cheek nature of the song's lyrics, both McGuinn and fellow band member David Crosby felt hopeful about communicating with alien life forms through the medium of AM radio broadcast. In a later interview with Pete Frame for \"ZigZag\" magazine, McGuinn explained how he believed that this would have been possible: \"I was interested in astronomy and the possibility of connecting with extraterrestrial life and I thought that it might work the other way round, if we tried to contact them. I thought that the song being played on the air might be a way of getting through to them. But even if there had been anybody up there listening, they wouldn't have heard because I found out later that AM airwaves diffuse in space too rapidly.\" During the late 1960s and early 1970s, the Byrds performed the song on the television programs \"The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour\", \"Where the Girls Are\", and \"The David Frost Show\" among others. Additionally, the song would go on to become a staple of the Byrds' live concert repertoire, until their final disbandment in 1973. The song was also performed live by a reformed line-up of the Byrds featuring McGuinn, Crosby, and Chris Hillman in January 1989. In addition to its appearance on the \"Fifth Dimension\" album, \"Mr. Spaceman\" also appears on several Byrds' compilations, including \"The Byrds' Greatest Hits\", \"History of The Byrds\", \"\", \"The Byrds\", \"The Very Best of The Byrds\", \"The Essential Byrds\", and \"There Is a Season\". Live performances of the song are included on the live portion of the Byrds'", "Chestnut Mare\" was the first UK Top 20 hit that the Byrds had achieved since their cover of Bob Dylan's \"All I Really Want to Do\" had peaked at number 4 in September 1965. Although the U.S. single release featured the full-length album version of \"Chestnut Mare\", in the UK and Europe a severely edited version of the song was issued instead. The running time of the album version is 5:08, while the single edit is noticeably shorter at 2:58, due to the removal of the song's second verse and middle section. Following its appearance on the \"(Untitled)\" album, the song would go on to become a staple of the Byrds' live concert repertoire, until their final disbandment in 1973. The band also performed the song in 1971 and 1972 on the German music television program, \"Beat-Club\". In addition to its appearance on the \"(Untitled)\" album, \"Chestnut Mare\" appears on several Byrds' compilations, including \"\", \"History of The Byrds\", \"The Byrds\", \"The Very Best of The Byrds\", \"The Essential Byrds\", and \"There Is a Season\". A live performance of the song is also included on The Byrds' \"Live at Royal Albert Hall 1971\" album. The Icicle Works covered \"Chestnut Mare\" as a medley with another Byrds' song, \"Triad\", on the 1989 Byrds' tribute album, \"Time Between \u2013 A Tribute to The Byrds\".", "During an interview with music journalist John Nork, McGuinn replied \"absolutely not,\" when asked if he had any plans to revive the Byrds, explaining, \"No, I don't want to do that. I just want to be a solo artist. The Byrds are well documented. I don't think we need anymore from the Byrds.\" In spite of McGuinn's comments, he and Hillman undertook a series of concerts together in 2018 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Byrds' \"Sweetheart of the Rodeo\" album. Though not billed as the Byrds, the duo, together with backing band Marty Stuart and his Fabulous Superlatives, played some earlier Byrds' material before performing all of the songs from the album and telling stories about its creation. Since the band's 1960s heyday, the influence of the Byrds on successive generations of rock and pop musicians has grown steadily, with acts such as the Eagles, Big Star, Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers, R.E.M., the Bangles, the Smiths, and innumerable alternative rock bands of the post-punk era all exhibiting signs of their influence. Musician and author Peter Lavezzoli described the Byrds in 2007 as \"one of the few bands to exert a decisive influence on the Beatles\", while also noting that they helped to persuade Bob Dylan to begin recording with electric instrumentation. Lavezzoli concluded that \"like it or not, terms like \"folk rock,\" \"raga rock\" and \"country rock\" were coined for a reason: the Byrds did it first, and then kept moving, never staying in the \"raga\" or \"country\" mode for very long. This is precisely what made the Byrds such a rewarding band to follow from one record to the next.\""], "answer": {"text": "In early 1964 they began to assemble a band that would become the Byrds.", "answer_start": 532}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_40d8b39cb06946a9ab2a2051b100d7c0_1_q#1", "question": "Who were the original members?", "rewrite": "Who were the original members of the Byrds?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It also included the Byrds' cover of \"Paths of Victory\", which had been recorded in 1990 by a reunited line-up of the band featuring original members Roger McGuinn, David Crosby and Chris Hillman. All of the material on the 2002 edition of \"The Byrds Play Dylan\" had been previously released, either on the Byrds' regular albums, on their singles, as bonus tracks on their remastered CDs, or on \"The Byrds\" box set. The original 1979 release of \"The Byrds Play Dylan\" was not, in fact, the first compilation of the Byrds' Dylan covers to have been issued; an earlier, eleven track compilation had appeared in Japan in 1970 under the title \"The Byrds Sing Dylan\". Yet another compilation of the Byrds' interpretations of Dylan's material was released in the UK and Europe as \"The Byrds Play the Songs of Bob Dylan\" in 2001. All songs composed by Bob Dylan, except where noted.", "The Best of The Byrds: Greatest Hits, Volume II The Best of The Byrds: Greatest Hits, Volume II is the third greatest hits album by the American rock band the Byrds, but only the second to be released in the United States, since the earlier \"The Byrds' Greatest Hits Volume II\" had only been issued in the UK. The album was released in the U.S. by Columbia Records on November 10, 1972 (\"see\" 1972 in music) in lieu of any new Byrds' product during that year. It spent a total of thirteen weeks on the \"Billboard\" Top LPs & Tapes chart and peaked at number 114. \"The Best of The Byrds: Greatest Hits, Volume II\" was released just prior to the highly publicized reunion of the five original members of the Byrds. The album was compiled with input from the band's guitarist and leader Roger McGuinn, although rock historian Christopher Hjort has suggested that it offered a somewhat erratic survey of the band's later years. The bulk of the album's songs are drawn from the years 1969 through to 1971, with the 1968 albums \"The Notorious Byrd Brothers\" and \"Sweetheart of the Rodeo\" only being represented by \"Wasn't Born to Follow\" and \"You Ain't Goin' Nowhere\" respectively. The album also included \"He Was a Friend of Mine\", which had originally appeared on 1965's \"Turn! Turn! Turn!\" album, a period already covered by the band's first compilation album, \"The Byrds' Greatest Hits\". The album featured a number of the band's U.S. charting singles, including \"Ballad of Easy Rider\" (number 65), \"Jesus Is Just Alright\" (number 97), \"Chestnut Mare\" (number 121), and", "As the only member to have remained consistent since the band's inception in 1964, McGuinn had steered the Byrds through a dizzying array of lineup changes during the late 1960s. The band's membership had finally stabilized in 1970, but by early 1972 dissension was brewing due to disagreements over band members' pay. As a result of this, Gene Parsons (the band's drummer since 1968) was fired by McGuinn in July 1972 and replaced by session musician John Guerin. The Byrds continued to tour and record sporadically throughout 1972, but no new single or album was forthcoming. Concurrently, the four ex-members of the Byrds who, along with McGuinn, had comprised the original mid-1960s lineup of the band, were, to an extent, at loose ends: David Crosby had completed his recording and touring obligations for the \"Graham Nash/David Crosby\" album; Chris Hillman's work with the Stephen Stills' helmed band Manassas was winding down; Gene Clark's critically lauded but financially unrewarding solo career was in need of a boost; and Michael Clarke had been without a band since the break up of the Flying Burrito Brothers in 1971. Furthermore, none of the five original band members' careers\u2014with the exception of Crosby's\u2014had been as financially rewarding as during The Byrds' mid-1960s heyday. Tentative discussions between the five original members of the band, regarding a possible reunion, had taken place as early as July 1971, around the time that the then current lineup of the Byrds were recording their final album, \"Farther Along\". News of these discussions was leaked to the British music press, and in late January 1972, one week after the UK release of \"Farther Along\", the front page of \"Disc and Music Echo\" featured the headline, \"Original Byrds To Reform?", "To strengthen their case, the three musicians announced in December 1988 that they would be performing a series of concerts in January 1989 as the Byrds. Although he was no longer connected with Clarke's tribute act, Gene Clark was not invited to participate in these official Byrds reunion concerts due to residual ill-feeling stemming from his earlier \"20th Anniversary Tribute to the Byrds\". The reunion concerts were a resounding success, but with Michael Clarke continuing to tour with his Byrds tribute, McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman filed a lawsuit against the drummer in the spring of 1989, suing him for allegedly false advertising, unfair competition and deceptive trade practices, as well as seeking a preliminary injunction against Clarke's use of the name. At the court hearing in May 1989, the judge denied the injunction, ruling that McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman had failed to show that they would be irreparably damaged by Clarke's actions. As a result, Clarke gained full legal ownership of the name the Byrds. In the wake of this ruling, McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman dropped their lawsuit, but to demonstrate that they had not wholly surrendered the Byrds name to Clarke, the three musicians appeared under the banner of \"The Original Byrds\" at a Roy Orbison tribute concert on February 24, 1990, where they were joined on-stage by Bob Dylan for a rendition of \"Mr. Tambourine Man\". Later that year, McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman entered Treasure Isle Recorders in Nashville to record four new Byrds tracks for inclusion on the forthcoming \"The Byrds\" box set. On January 16, 1991, the five original members of the Byrds put aside their differences to appear together at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City for their induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "History of The Byrds History of The Byrds is a double album compilation by the American rock band the Byrds and was released on May 18, 1973 by CBS Records (\"see\" 1973 in music). The compilation was released exclusively in Europe and the UK, peaking at number 47 on the UK Albums Chart, but it was also available in the United States as an import. \"History of The Byrds\" provides a chronological survey of the band's career from 1965 to 1971, a period when they were signed to Columbia Records. It begins with the Byrds' debut single on Columbia, \"Mr. Tambourine Man\", and culminates with their final single release for the label, \"America's Great National Pastime\". The album features the first appearance on an LP of the non-album single \"Lady Friend\" and the 1965 B-side \"She Don't Care About Time\". It was issued to coincide with the reunion of the original members of the Byrds and the release of a reunion album, titled \"Byrds\", in March 1973. However, none of the tracks from the 1973 reunion album were included on \"History of The Byrds\", due to that album having appeared on Asylum Records rather than on Columbia. At the time of its release, \"History of The Byrds\" was the most comprehensive overview of the band's recorded output available. Every variation of the Byrds' ever changing lineup is represented within the album's song selection and as such, it provides a survey of the band's musical journey from their days as folk rock and psychedelic rock pioneers through to their later exploration of country rock. Many of the band's biggest selling singles are included, along with a number of their best known album tracks."], "answer": {"text": "fellow folkie and Beatles convert Jim (later Roger) McGuinn", "answer_start": 448}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the Byrds form?", "answer": {"text": "In early 1964 they began to assemble a band that would become the Byrds.", "answer_start": 532, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_40d8b39cb06946a9ab2a2051b100d7c0_1_q#2", "question": "Anybody else?", "rewrite": "Besides Jim McGuinn, was anybody else an original member of the Byrds?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["This version of the band was relatively short-lived; by early 1966, Clark had left due to problems associated with anxiety and his increasing isolation within the group. The Byrds continued as a quartet until late 1967, when Crosby and Clarke also departed. McGuinn and Hillman decided to recruit new members, including country rock pioneer Gram Parsons, but by late 1968, Hillman and Parsons had also exited the band. McGuinn elected to rebuild the band's membership; between 1968 and 1973, he helmed a new incarnation of the Byrds that featured guitarist Clarence White, among others. McGuinn disbanded the then-current lineup in early 1973 to make way for a reunion of the original quintet. The Byrds' final album was released in March 1973, with the reunited group disbanding later that year. Several former members of the band went on to successful careers of their own, either as solo artists or as members of such groups as Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, the Flying Burrito Brothers and the Desert Rose Band. In 1991, the Byrds were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, an occasion that saw the five original members performing together for the last time. Gene Clark died of a heart attack later that year, while Michael Clarke died of liver failure in 1993. McGuinn, Crosby, and Hillman remain active. The nucleus of the Byrds formed in early 1964, when Jim McGuinn, Gene Clark, and David Crosby came together as a trio. All three musicians had a background rooted in folk music, with each one having worked as a folk singer on the acoustic coffeehouse circuit during the early 1960s.", "It Won't Be Wrong \"It Won't Be Wrong\" is a song by the American folk rock band the Byrds, which appeared as the second track on their 1965 album, \"Turn! Turn! Turn! \" It was also coupled with the song \"Set You Free This Time\" for a single release in 1966, resulting in \"It Won't Be Wrong\" charting at number 63 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song was written by Byrds band member Jim McGuinn and his friend Harvey Gerst in 1964. \"It Won't Be Wrong\" was composed in 1964 by the Byrds lead guitarist Jim McGuinn and his friend Harvey Gerst, who was an acquaintance from McGuinn's days as a folk singer at The Troubadour folk club in West Hollywood, California. The song originally appeared with the alternate title of \"Don't Be Long\" on the B-side of a single that the Byrds had released on Elektra Records in October 1964, under the pseudonym the Beefeaters. By the time the song was re-recorded in September 1965, during the recording sessions for the Byrds' second Columbia Records' album, its title had been changed to \"It Won't Be Wrong\". Both the band and their producer Terry Melcher felt that the 1965 version included on the \"Turn! Turn! Turn!\" album was far more accomplished and exciting than the earlier Elektra recording of the song. Lyrically, the song is a relatively simplistic appeal for a lover to submit to the singer's romantic advances. Musically, however, the guitar riff following each verse foreshadows the raga experimentation of the band's later songs \"Eight Miles High\" and \"Why\", both of which would be recorded within three months of \"It Won't Be Wrong\".", "With the help of producer Jim Dickson, Crosby recorded his first solo session in 1963. Crosby arrived back in Chicago from New York City to hang out with Terry Callier. On tour and in Chicago at that time was Miriam Makeba and her band, which included multi-instrumentalist Jim McGuinn. Callier introduced McGuinn to Crosby. Crosby joined Jim McGuinn (who later changed his name to Roger) and Gene Clark, who were then named the Jet Set. They were augmented by drummer Michael Clarke, at which point Crosby attempted, unsuccessfully, to play bass. Late in 1964, Chris Hillman joined as bassist, and Crosby relieved Gene Clark of rhythm guitar duties. Through connections that Jim Dickson (the Byrds' manager) had with Bob Dylan's publisher, the band obtained a demo acetate disc of Dylan's \"Mr. Tambourine Man\" and recorded a version of the song, featuring McGuinn's 12-string guitar as well as McGuinn, Crosby, and Clark's vocal harmonizing. The song turned into a massive hit, reaching number one in the charts in the United States and the United Kingdom during 1965. While McGuinn originated the Byrds' trademark 12-string guitar sound, Crosby was responsible for the soaring harmonies and often unusual phrasing of their songs, but whilst he did not sing lead vocals on either of the first two albums, he sang lead on the bridge in their second single \"All I Really Want to Do\". In 1966, Gene Clark, who then was the band's primary songwriter, left the group because of stress and this placed all the group's songwriting responsibilities in the hands of McGuinn, Crosby, and Hillman. Crosby took the opportunity to hone his craft and soon became a relatively prolific songwriter, collaborating with McGuinn on the uptempo", "The Byrds The Byrds were an American rock band formed in Los Angeles, California in 1964. The band underwent multiple lineup changes throughout its existence, with frontman Roger McGuinn (known as Jim McGuinn until mid-1967) remaining the sole consistent member. Although they only managed to attain the huge commercial success of contemporaries like the Beatles, the Beach Boys, and the Rolling Stones for a short period in the mid-1960s, the Byrds are today considered by critics to be nearly as influential as those bands. Their signature blend of clear harmony singing and McGuinn's jangly twelve-string Rickenbacker guitar was \"absorbed into the vocabulary of rock\" and has continued to be influential. Initially, the band pioneered the musical genre of folk rock as a popular format in 1965, by melding the influence of the Beatles and other British Invasion bands with contemporary and traditional folk music on their debut album and the hit singles \"Mr. Tambourine Man\" and \"Turn! Turn! Turn!\". As the 1960s progressed, the band was influential in originating psychedelic rock and raga rock, with their song \"Eight Miles High\" and the albums \"Fifth Dimension\" (1966), \" Younger Than Yesterday\" (1967) and \"The Notorious Byrd Brothers\" (1968). They also played a pioneering role in the development of country rock, with the 1968 album \"Sweetheart of the Rodeo\" representing their fullest immersion into the genre. The original five-piece lineup of the Byrds consisted of Jim McGuinn (lead guitar, vocals), Gene Clark (tambourine, vocals), David Crosby (rhythm guitar, vocals), Chris Hillman (bass guitar, vocals), and Michael Clarke (drums).", "So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star \"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\" is a song by the American rock band the Byrds, written by Jim McGuinn and Chris Hillman and included on the band's 1967 album, \"Younger Than Yesterday\". The song was inspired by the manufactured nature of the Monkees and was released as a single on January 9, 1967 (\"see\" 1967 in music), reaching number 29 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, but failing to chart in the United Kingdom. Written in late 1966, \" So You Want to be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\" has been described by Byrds expert Tim Conners as \"an acerbic, but good-natured swipe at the success of manufactured rock bands like the Monkees.\" \"The Monkees\" television series had debuted in America in September 1966, and had launched the pre-fabricated band to international fame. The manufactured nature of the group caused the Byrds' bass player, Chris Hillman, and lead guitarist, Jim McGuinn, to look upon the current state of the pop world with more than a little cynicism\u2014something that was reflected in the song's lyrics. Musically, \"So You Want to be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\" features a driving, circular Rickenbacker guitar riff by McGuinn and, what Conners has called an \"unstoppable bass hook\" from Hillman. Hillman has stated that he composed the song's bass part during a recording session for South African musician Hugh Masekela. The song also features Masekela's trumpet playing, which represents the first use of brass on a Byrds recording."], "answer": {"text": "David Crosby and became the tambourine and harmonica player. Bassist Chris Hillman", "answer_start": 998}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the Byrds form?", "answer": {"text": "In early 1964 they began to assemble a band that would become the Byrds.", "answer_start": 532, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the original members?", "answer": {"text": "fellow folkie and Beatles convert Jim (later Roger) McGuinn", "answer_start": 448, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_40d8b39cb06946a9ab2a2051b100d7c0_1_q#3", "question": "What was his role in the band?", "rewrite": "What was Clark's role in the Byrds?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John York (musician) John York Foley (born August 3, 1946) is an American bassist and guitarist. He is best known for his work with the Byrds. Prior to joining the Byrds, John York was a member of the Bees and the Sir Douglas Quintet, and also worked as a session musician for the Mamas & the Papas and Johnny Rivers. He was also the bassist in ex-Byrd Gene Clark's touring band. York joined The Byrds in September 1968, as a replacement for the band's original bass player Chris Hillman. He remained with the group until September 1969, when he was replaced by Skip Battin. Despite only being with the Byrds for a year, his bass playing and singing appear on two of the group's studio albums, \"Dr. Byrds & Mr. Hyde\" and \"Ballad of Easy Rider\", as well as on the non-album single \"Lay Lady Lay\". He wrote \"Fido\", which appears on \"Ballad of Easy Rider\", and co-wrote \"Candy\", which is included on \"Dr. Byrds & Mr. Hyde\". He also appears on the Columbia/Legacy Byrds' live album \"Live at the Fillmore - February 1969\". Following his departure from the Byrds, York worked with Clark during the mid-1980s, along with Pat Robinson, in the group CRY. York has maintained a lengthy career as a guitarist and bass player, and since the 1980s has worked with artists including Chris Darrow, Katie Trickett, Steven T., Nick Binkley, and Carla Olson, among others. In 1988, he recorded a number of songs with fellow ex-Byrds bass player Skip Battin, and these recordings were issued as the \"Family Tree\" album in 2001.", "To strengthen their case, the three musicians announced in December 1988 that they would be performing a series of concerts in January 1989 as the Byrds. Although he was no longer connected with Clarke's tribute act, Gene Clark was not invited to participate in these official Byrds reunion concerts due to residual ill-feeling stemming from his earlier \"20th Anniversary Tribute to the Byrds\". The reunion concerts were a resounding success, but with Michael Clarke continuing to tour with his Byrds tribute, McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman filed a lawsuit against the drummer in the spring of 1989, suing him for allegedly false advertising, unfair competition and deceptive trade practices, as well as seeking a preliminary injunction against Clarke's use of the name. At the court hearing in May 1989, the judge denied the injunction, ruling that McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman had failed to show that they would be irreparably damaged by Clarke's actions. As a result, Clarke gained full legal ownership of the name the Byrds. In the wake of this ruling, McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman dropped their lawsuit, but to demonstrate that they had not wholly surrendered the Byrds name to Clarke, the three musicians appeared under the banner of \"The Original Byrds\" at a Roy Orbison tribute concert on February 24, 1990, where they were joined on-stage by Bob Dylan for a rendition of \"Mr. Tambourine Man\". Later that year, McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman entered Treasure Isle Recorders in Nashville to record four new Byrds tracks for inclusion on the forthcoming \"The Byrds\" box set. On January 16, 1991, the five original members of the Byrds put aside their differences to appear together at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City for their induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "(although again, it was often shortened to the Byrds by promoters). Gene Clark returned to the group following the release of his and Carla Olson's \"So Rebellious a Lover\" album, and the tribute band continued to work on and off in 1987 and 1988. Author Johnny Rogan has stated that most die-hard fans of the Byrds were mortified by the existence of this ersatz version of the group, while Byrds expert Tim Connors has commented that \"no chapter in the history of the Byrds caused as much consternation and controversy among fans.\" In June 1988, McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman appeared at a concert celebrating the reopening of the Ash Grove folk club in Los Angeles. Although they were billed as solo artists, the three musicians came together for an on-stage reunion during the show, performing a string of Byrds hits including \"Mr. Tambourine Man\" and \"Eight Miles High\". Although Clark and Clarke's Byrds tribute group was inactive at the time of this high-profile get-together of McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman, Michael Clarke did mount another tribute tour shortly afterwards, this time featuring former Byrd Skip Battin and newcomers Terry Jones Rogers and Jerry Sorn, under the banner of \"The Byrds featuring Michael Clarke\". In addition, the drummer also sought to trademark the name \"The Byrds\" for his own use. In retaliation against Clarke's trademark application, McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman submitted their own counter-claim to gain ownership of the band's name. McGuinn had actually attempted to trademark the Byrds name himself during the 1970s, in order to prevent its misuse, but his application had been turned down.", "In addition, between 1977 and 1980, McGuinn, Clark and Hillman worked on and off together as a trio, modeled after Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young and, to a lesser extent, the Eagles. This supergroup made up of former Byrds was reasonably successful commercially and even managed to score a Top 40 hit with the single \"Don't You Write Her Off\" in March 1979. The trio toured internationally and recorded the albums \"McGuinn, Clark & Hillman\" and \"City\". Clark departed the group in late 1979, resulting in a third and final album being billed as McGuinn-Hillman. In 1984, Gene Clark approached McGuinn, Crosby, and Hillman in an attempt to reform the Byrds in time for the 20th anniversary of the release of the \"Mr. Tambourine Man\" single in 1985. None of these three original members were interested in the venture and so Clark instead assembled a group of musicians and friends, including Rick Roberts, Blondie Chaplin, Rick Danko, Richard Manuel, and the ex-Byrds Michael Clarke and John York, under the banner of \"The 20th Anniversary Tribute to the Byrds\". This tribute act began performing on the lucrative nostalgia circuit in early 1985, but a number of concert promoters began to shorten the band's name to the Byrds in advertisements and promotional material. As the band continued to tour throughout 1985, they eventually decided to shorten their name to the Byrds themselves, prompting McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman to berate the tribute group in interviews, with McGuinn deriding the act as \"a cheap show.\" After the tour wound down in late 1985, Clark returned to his solo career, leaving Michael Clarke to soldier on with a band that was now billed as \"A Tribute to the Byrds\"", "Byrds (album) Byrds is the twelfth and final studio album by the American rock band the Byrds and was released in March 1973 on Asylum Records (\"see\" 1973 in music). It was recorded as the centerpiece of a reunion between the five original band members: Roger McGuinn, Gene Clark, David Crosby, Chris Hillman, and Michael Clarke. The last time that all five members had worked together as the Byrds was in 1966, prior to Clark's departure from the band. During the reunion, the current, latter-day lineup of the band continued to make live appearances until February 1973, with McGuinn being the only member common to both versions of the group. Upon its release, \"Byrds\" received generally poor reviews, with many critics bemoaning a lack of sonic unity and the absence of the Byrds' signature jangly guitar sound among the album's shortcomings. Nonetheless, the album reached number 20 on the \"Billboard\" Top LPs & Tapes chart and was also moderately successful in the United Kingdom, where it reached number 31. In the U.S., \"Byrds\" was the band's highest charting album of new material since 1965's \"Turn! Turn! Turn!\", which had also been the last Byrds' album to feature Clark as a full member. Three of the album's songs, \"Full Circle\", \"Things Will Be Better\", and \"Cowgirl in the Sand\", were released as singles during 1973, but none of these releases became hits. By 1972, the Byrds' guitarist and leader, Roger McGuinn, had grown dissatisfied with the current version of the group."], "answer": {"text": "Clark wrote or co-wrote many of the Byrds' best-known originals", "answer_start": 605}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the Byrds form?", "answer": {"text": "In early 1964 they began to assemble a band that would become the Byrds.", "answer_start": 532, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the original members?", "answer": {"text": "fellow folkie and Beatles convert Jim (later Roger) McGuinn", "answer_start": 448, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anybody else?", "answer": {"text": "David Crosby and became the tambourine and harmonica player. Bassist Chris Hillman", "answer_start": 998, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_40d8b39cb06946a9ab2a2051b100d7c0_1_q#4", "question": "What songs were those?", "rewrite": "What Byrds songs were written or co-written by Clark?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["No known recordings were conducted in this period, but under the next name change they began garnering enough interest for a recording contract. In mid-1966, the band agreed to another moniker change. That year, the group had been inspired by The Byrds, whose cover versions of \"Mr. Tambourine Man\", and later \"Turn! Turn! Turn!\" were reaching the top of the national charts. The new name, The Bells of Rhymny, derived from the Pete Seeger composition of the same name. With the new identity, the band added another guitarist, Gene Bruce, who impressed the band in his audition, and enabled the band to closely replicate the sound of The Byrds. His first appearance for the band was at a school dance in Zilwaukee, Michigan. The band was able to travel to other gigs thanks to Bruce's mother Vivian Bruce, who would act as the band's manager. In March 1966, the band earned a big break when Frank Patrick, owner of the regionally popular Daniel's Den, called Vivian Bruce to set up a concert at the venue. For their first performance at the Den, they opened for fellow Michigan band, Terry Knight and the Pack. It was a success, and the Bells of Rhymny played several more times at the Den, gaining notoriety in the area as a result of the appearances. On August 13, 1966, a popular Michigan column called \"Deb and Jo.\" wrote about the band. They wrote, \"They're (the band) not just there - they're really good and grab ya! They do a lot of Byrds songs along with the Beatles... These guys are real talents and can arrange songs to their own liking\".", "I suppose you could say it's one of the earliest Byrds songs.\" \"He Was a Friend of Mine\" is notable for being the first Byrds' recording to feature McGuinn playing an acoustic guitar, instead of his usual twelve-string Rickenbacker. \"Turn! Turn! Turn!\" also featured the McGuinn and Crosby song \" Wait and See\". This represented the first release of a song written by the pair, although they had previously collaborated on \"The Airport Song\", a track that wouldn't be heard publicly until the release of the \"Preflyte\" album in 1969. \"Wait and See\" also represented the first time that Crosby had received a songwriting credit on a Byrds' album. Both men wanted to move away from the simple boy/girl romance songs that the band had been writing since 1964, but Rogan has pointed out that \"Wait and See\" was even more in that tradition than the earliest of Gene Clark's songs. Another cover that was included on the album was \"Satisfied Mind\", a 1955 country and western chart-topper for Porter Wagoner, which had been suggested by the Byrds' bass player, Chris Hillman. The song was the first sign of the band's interest in country music, a genre they would explore further on subsequent albums, culminating with 1968's \"Sweetheart of the Rodeo\". As with the band's previous album, \"Turn! Turn! Turn!\" ended on a quirky, tongue-in-cheek note, with a whimsical send-up of Stephen Foster's 19th century classic, \"Oh! Susannah\", arranged by McGuinn.", "In The Byrds' version, the song's melody is altered and the lyrics are changed to lament the assassination of John F. Kennedy. The band's lead guitarist Jim McGuinn rewrote the song's lyrics in late 1963 to give it a more contemporary slant and transform it into a eulogy for President Kennedy. McGuinn explained the origins of the song in an interview: \"I wrote the song the night John F. Kennedy was assassinated. I suppose you could say it's one of the earliest Byrds songs. The arrangement used was as I'd always sung it. I just thought it was a good idea to include it on the \"Turn! Turn! Turn!\" album. \" Due to the extensively rewritten lyrics of The Byrds version, the officially registered songwriting credit for the song is \"Traditional/new words and arrangement McGuinn\". Following its appearance on the band's second album, the song would go on to become a staple of The Byrds' live concert repertoire, until their final disbandment in 1973. The band also performed the song during their appearance at the Monterey Pop Festival on June 17, 1967, where band member David Crosby made controversial remarks alleging that Kennedy had not been killed by Lee Harvey Oswald alone, but was shot from multiple directions. The Byrds' performance of \"He Was a Friend of Mine\" at Monterey was included in the 2002 \"The Complete Monterey Pop Festival\" DVD box set. In 1990, a reformed line-up of The Byrds, featuring Roger McGuinn, David Crosby, and Chris Hillman, re-recorded the song for \"The Byrds\" box set.", "Byrds (album) Byrds is the twelfth and final studio album by the American rock band the Byrds and was released in March 1973 on Asylum Records (\"see\" 1973 in music). It was recorded as the centerpiece of a reunion between the five original band members: Roger McGuinn, Gene Clark, David Crosby, Chris Hillman, and Michael Clarke. The last time that all five members had worked together as the Byrds was in 1966, prior to Clark's departure from the band. During the reunion, the current, latter-day lineup of the band continued to make live appearances until February 1973, with McGuinn being the only member common to both versions of the group. Upon its release, \"Byrds\" received generally poor reviews, with many critics bemoaning a lack of sonic unity and the absence of the Byrds' signature jangly guitar sound among the album's shortcomings. Nonetheless, the album reached number 20 on the \"Billboard\" Top LPs & Tapes chart and was also moderately successful in the United Kingdom, where it reached number 31. In the U.S., \"Byrds\" was the band's highest charting album of new material since 1965's \"Turn! Turn! Turn!\", which had also been the last Byrds' album to feature Clark as a full member. Three of the album's songs, \"Full Circle\", \"Things Will Be Better\", and \"Cowgirl in the Sand\", were released as singles during 1973, but none of these releases became hits. By 1972, the Byrds' guitarist and leader, Roger McGuinn, had grown dissatisfied with the current version of the group.", "John York (musician) John York Foley (born August 3, 1946) is an American bassist and guitarist. He is best known for his work with the Byrds. Prior to joining the Byrds, John York was a member of the Bees and the Sir Douglas Quintet, and also worked as a session musician for the Mamas & the Papas and Johnny Rivers. He was also the bassist in ex-Byrd Gene Clark's touring band. York joined The Byrds in September 1968, as a replacement for the band's original bass player Chris Hillman. He remained with the group until September 1969, when he was replaced by Skip Battin. Despite only being with the Byrds for a year, his bass playing and singing appear on two of the group's studio albums, \"Dr. Byrds & Mr. Hyde\" and \"Ballad of Easy Rider\", as well as on the non-album single \"Lay Lady Lay\". He wrote \"Fido\", which appears on \"Ballad of Easy Rider\", and co-wrote \"Candy\", which is included on \"Dr. Byrds & Mr. Hyde\". He also appears on the Columbia/Legacy Byrds' live album \"Live at the Fillmore - February 1969\". Following his departure from the Byrds, York worked with Clark during the mid-1980s, along with Pat Robinson, in the group CRY. York has maintained a lengthy career as a guitarist and bass player, and since the 1980s has worked with artists including Chris Darrow, Katie Trickett, Steven T., Nick Binkley, and Carla Olson, among others. In 1988, he recorded a number of songs with fellow ex-Byrds bass player Skip Battin, and these recordings were issued as the \"Family Tree\" album in 2001."], "answer": {"text": "\"I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better\", \"Set You Free This Time\", \"Here Without You\", \"", "answer_start": 710}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the Byrds form?", "answer": {"text": "In early 1964 they began to assemble a band that would become the Byrds.", "answer_start": 532, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the original members?", "answer": {"text": "fellow folkie and Beatles convert Jim (later Roger) McGuinn", "answer_start": 448, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anybody else?", "answer": {"text": "David Crosby and became the tambourine and harmonica player. Bassist Chris Hillman", "answer_start": 998, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his role in the band?", "answer": {"text": "Clark wrote or co-wrote many of the Byrds' best-known originals", "answer_start": 605, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_40d8b39cb06946a9ab2a2051b100d7c0_1_q#5", "question": "Were there more songs he wrote during this time?", "rewrite": "Were there more songs Clark wrote for the Byrds besides \"I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better\" and \"Here Without You\"?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Clark was invited to join an established regional folk group, the Surf Riders, working out of Kansas City at the Castaways Lounge, owned by Hal Harbaum. On August 12, 1963, he was performing with them when he was discovered by the New Christy Minstrels. They hired him, and he recorded two albums with the ensemble before leaving in early 1964. After hearing the Beatles, Clark quit the New Christy Minstrels and moved to Los Angeles, where he met fellow folkie and Beatles convert Jim (later Roger) McGuinn at the Troubadour Club. In early 1964 they began to assemble a band that would become the Byrds. Clark wrote or co-wrote many of the Byrds' best-known originals from their first three albums, including \"I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better\", \"Set You Free This Time\", \"Here Without You\", \"You Won't Have to Cry\", \"If You're Gone\", \"The World Turns All Around Her\", \"She Don't Care About Time\" and \"Eight Miles High\". He initially played rhythm guitar in the band, but relinquished that position to David Crosby and became the tambourine and harmonica player. Bassist Chris Hillman noted years later in an interview remembering Clark, \"At one time, he was the power in the Byrds, not McGuinn, not Crosby--it was Gene who would burst through the stage curtain banging on a tambourine, coming on like a young Prince Valiant. A hero, our savior. Few in the audience could take their eyes off this presence. He was the songwriter.", "I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better \"I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better\" is a song by the Los Angeles folk rock band the Byrds, first released in June 1965 on the B-side of the band's second single, \"All I Really Want to Do\". Despite initially being released as a B-side, the song managed to chart in its own right in the U.S., just outside the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It was also included on the Byrds' debut album, \"Mr. Tambourine Man\". The song was written by band member Gene Clark, who also sings the lead vocal. \"I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better\" has been covered by a number of different artists over the years, and is regarded by fans and critics as one of the Byrds best known songs. The song dates from the Byrds' pre-fame residency at Ciro's nightclub in Los Angeles, as Clark explained during an interview: \"There was a girlfriend I had known at the time, when we were playing at Ciro's. It was a weird time in my life because everything was changing so fast and I knew we were becoming popular. This girl was a funny girl, she was kind of a strange little girl and she started bothering me a lot. And I just wrote the song, 'I'm gonna feel a whole lot better when you're gone,' and that's all it was, but I wrote the whole song within a few minutes. \" Byrds expert", "Paisley Underground band The Three O'Clock covered the song on their \"Baroque Hoedown\" EP. Reportedly, Gene Clark sings backing vocal on this version of the song. Argentinian rock musician Charly Garc\u00eda covered the song on his 1990 album, \"Filosof\u00eda Barata y Zapatos de Goma\". The track was named \"Me Siento Mucho Mejor\" and the lyrics were translated into Spanish. Country pop artist Juice Newton covered the song on her 1985 \"Old Flame\" album but the song is slightly retitled as \"Feel a Whole Lot Better\". Newton's version also alters some of the song's verse lyrics. Likewise, The Crust Brothers covered the song on their 1998 live album, \"Marquee Mark\", under this slightly altered title. Johnny Rivers covered the song in 1973 on his \"Blue Suede Shoes\" album and the song was also included on his 2006 compilation album, \"Secret Agent Man: The Ultimate Johnny Rivers Anthology\". Dinosaur Jr. did a grungy cover on the Byrds tribute album, \"Time Between \u2013 A Tribute to The Byrds\". Reportedly, this version was Gene Clark's favorite cover of the song because he felt that the band had captured the essence of the lyrics, but successfully made the music even more uptempo. Marty Stuart's 2017 album \"Way Out West\" features a mash-up of \"I'll Feel A Whole Lot Better\" and some original Stuart lyrics. Not only that but the album was produced by Mike Campbell of Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers, who also plays guitars on the track as he did on Petty's version from \"Full Moon Fever\".", "For me, that makes the song. There's a statement followed by a hesitation. \" Dickson would later work as a producer on Clark's 1984 album \"Firebyrd\", which featured a re-recorded version of \"I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better\". Although it was initially released as the B-side of the \"All I Really Want to Do\" single, \"I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better\" was itself heavily promoted by Columbia Records during the time that \"All I Really Want to Do\" spent on the \"Billboard\" charts. As a result, the song managed to chart in its own right in the U.S., reaching number 103. Mark Deming has commented that \"I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better\" was the first song written by a member of the Byrds to be commercially successful. Since its release, the song has become a rock music standard, inspiring a number of cover versions over the years. It is also considered by many critics to be one of the band's, as well as Clark's, best and most popular songs, with \"Rolling Stone\" magazine ranking it at number 234 on their list of \"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\". Tom Petty covered the song (as \"Feel a Whole Lot Better\") on his 1989 solo album, \"Full Moon Fever\". Petty's version was released as the fourth single from the album and peaked at number 18 on the US Rock chart. Don Nix on his 1976 album \" Gone Too Long\" with George Harrison, retitled \"Feel a Whole Lot Better\". In 1978, country singer Bobby Bare covered the song on his album \" Sleeper Wherever I Fall\". San Francisco band The Flamin' Groovies also released a cover of the song on their 1978 Sire Records release, \"Flamin' Groovies Now\".", "Tim Conners has called the song \"the Platonic ideal of a Byrds song\", in reference to the presence of some of the band's early musical trademarks, including Jim McGuinn's jangling 12-string Rickenbacker guitar; Chris Hillman's complex bass work; David Crosby's propulsive rhythm guitar, and the band's complex harmony singing and use of wordless \"aaahhhh\"s. Band biographer Johnny Rogan has also commented on the song's country-influenced guitar solo. The song is built around a riff that Clark later admitted was based on the Searchers' cover of \"Needles and Pins\". Music critic Mark Deming has said that, lyrically, \"I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better\" takes a sardonic view of romance, with Clark undecided about whether to break off a relationship with a woman who hasn't been entirely honest with him. The song's refrain of \"I'll probably feel a whole lot better when you're gone \" betrays Clark's uncertainty about ending the relationship and whether such an act would be the answer to his problems or not. Deming has also pointed out that the use of the word \"probably\" in this refrain is key and lends the track a depth of subtext that was unusual for a pop song in the mid-1960s. Jim Dickson, the Byrds' manager, has remarked that this level of subtext was not unusual in Clark's songs of the period. Said Dickson, \"There was always something to unravel in those songs, the non-explanation of the complex feeling. For instance, if you remember I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better, it doesn't say: \"I'll feel a whole lot better\", but \"I'll \"probably\" feel a whole lot better.\""], "answer": {"text": "\", \"You Won't Have to Cry\", \"If You're Gone\", \"The World Turns All Around Her\", \"She Don't Care About Time\" and \"Eight Miles High\".", "answer_start": 785}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the Byrds form?", "answer": {"text": "In early 1964 they began to assemble a band that would become the Byrds.", "answer_start": 532, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the original members?", "answer": {"text": "fellow folkie and Beatles convert Jim (later Roger) McGuinn", "answer_start": 448, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anybody else?", "answer": {"text": "David Crosby and became the tambourine and harmonica player. Bassist Chris Hillman", "answer_start": 998, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his role in the band?", "answer": {"text": "Clark wrote or co-wrote many of the Byrds' best-known originals", "answer_start": 605, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs were those?", "answer": {"text": "\"I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better\", \"Set You Free This Time\", \"Here Without You\", \"", "answer_start": 710, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_40d8b39cb06946a9ab2a2051b100d7c0_1_q#6", "question": "Did he play any instruments?", "rewrite": "Did Clark play any instruments in the Byrds?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["(although again, it was often shortened to the Byrds by promoters). Gene Clark returned to the group following the release of his and Carla Olson's \"So Rebellious a Lover\" album, and the tribute band continued to work on and off in 1987 and 1988. Author Johnny Rogan has stated that most die-hard fans of the Byrds were mortified by the existence of this ersatz version of the group, while Byrds expert Tim Connors has commented that \"no chapter in the history of the Byrds caused as much consternation and controversy among fans.\" In June 1988, McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman appeared at a concert celebrating the reopening of the Ash Grove folk club in Los Angeles. Although they were billed as solo artists, the three musicians came together for an on-stage reunion during the show, performing a string of Byrds hits including \"Mr. Tambourine Man\" and \"Eight Miles High\". Although Clark and Clarke's Byrds tribute group was inactive at the time of this high-profile get-together of McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman, Michael Clarke did mount another tribute tour shortly afterwards, this time featuring former Byrd Skip Battin and newcomers Terry Jones Rogers and Jerry Sorn, under the banner of \"The Byrds featuring Michael Clarke\". In addition, the drummer also sought to trademark the name \"The Byrds\" for his own use. In retaliation against Clarke's trademark application, McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman submitted their own counter-claim to gain ownership of the band's name. McGuinn had actually attempted to trademark the Byrds name himself during the 1970s, in order to prevent its misuse, but his application had been turned down.", "In addition, between 1977 and 1980, McGuinn, Clark and Hillman worked on and off together as a trio, modeled after Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young and, to a lesser extent, the Eagles. This supergroup made up of former Byrds was reasonably successful commercially and even managed to score a Top 40 hit with the single \"Don't You Write Her Off\" in March 1979. The trio toured internationally and recorded the albums \"McGuinn, Clark & Hillman\" and \"City\". Clark departed the group in late 1979, resulting in a third and final album being billed as McGuinn-Hillman. In 1984, Gene Clark approached McGuinn, Crosby, and Hillman in an attempt to reform the Byrds in time for the 20th anniversary of the release of the \"Mr. Tambourine Man\" single in 1985. None of these three original members were interested in the venture and so Clark instead assembled a group of musicians and friends, including Rick Roberts, Blondie Chaplin, Rick Danko, Richard Manuel, and the ex-Byrds Michael Clarke and John York, under the banner of \"The 20th Anniversary Tribute to the Byrds\". This tribute act began performing on the lucrative nostalgia circuit in early 1985, but a number of concert promoters began to shorten the band's name to the Byrds in advertisements and promotional material. As the band continued to tour throughout 1985, they eventually decided to shorten their name to the Byrds themselves, prompting McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman to berate the tribute group in interviews, with McGuinn deriding the act as \"a cheap show.\" After the tour wound down in late 1985, Clark returned to his solo career, leaving Michael Clarke to soldier on with a band that was now billed as \"A Tribute to the Byrds\"", "To strengthen their case, the three musicians announced in December 1988 that they would be performing a series of concerts in January 1989 as the Byrds. Although he was no longer connected with Clarke's tribute act, Gene Clark was not invited to participate in these official Byrds reunion concerts due to residual ill-feeling stemming from his earlier \"20th Anniversary Tribute to the Byrds\". The reunion concerts were a resounding success, but with Michael Clarke continuing to tour with his Byrds tribute, McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman filed a lawsuit against the drummer in the spring of 1989, suing him for allegedly false advertising, unfair competition and deceptive trade practices, as well as seeking a preliminary injunction against Clarke's use of the name. At the court hearing in May 1989, the judge denied the injunction, ruling that McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman had failed to show that they would be irreparably damaged by Clarke's actions. As a result, Clarke gained full legal ownership of the name the Byrds. In the wake of this ruling, McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman dropped their lawsuit, but to demonstrate that they had not wholly surrendered the Byrds name to Clarke, the three musicians appeared under the banner of \"The Original Byrds\" at a Roy Orbison tribute concert on February 24, 1990, where they were joined on-stage by Bob Dylan for a rendition of \"Mr. Tambourine Man\". Later that year, McGuinn, Crosby and Hillman entered Treasure Isle Recorders in Nashville to record four new Byrds tracks for inclusion on the forthcoming \"The Byrds\" box set. On January 16, 1991, the five original members of the Byrds put aside their differences to appear together at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City for their induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Byrds (album) Byrds is the twelfth and final studio album by the American rock band the Byrds and was released in March 1973 on Asylum Records (\"see\" 1973 in music). It was recorded as the centerpiece of a reunion between the five original band members: Roger McGuinn, Gene Clark, David Crosby, Chris Hillman, and Michael Clarke. The last time that all five members had worked together as the Byrds was in 1966, prior to Clark's departure from the band. During the reunion, the current, latter-day lineup of the band continued to make live appearances until February 1973, with McGuinn being the only member common to both versions of the group. Upon its release, \"Byrds\" received generally poor reviews, with many critics bemoaning a lack of sonic unity and the absence of the Byrds' signature jangly guitar sound among the album's shortcomings. Nonetheless, the album reached number 20 on the \"Billboard\" Top LPs & Tapes chart and was also moderately successful in the United Kingdom, where it reached number 31. In the U.S., \"Byrds\" was the band's highest charting album of new material since 1965's \"Turn! Turn! Turn!\", which had also been the last Byrds' album to feature Clark as a full member. Three of the album's songs, \"Full Circle\", \"Things Will Be Better\", and \"Cowgirl in the Sand\", were released as singles during 1973, but none of these releases became hits. By 1972, the Byrds' guitarist and leader, Roger McGuinn, had grown dissatisfied with the current version of the group.", "John York (musician) John York Foley (born August 3, 1946) is an American bassist and guitarist. He is best known for his work with the Byrds. Prior to joining the Byrds, John York was a member of the Bees and the Sir Douglas Quintet, and also worked as a session musician for the Mamas & the Papas and Johnny Rivers. He was also the bassist in ex-Byrd Gene Clark's touring band. York joined The Byrds in September 1968, as a replacement for the band's original bass player Chris Hillman. He remained with the group until September 1969, when he was replaced by Skip Battin. Despite only being with the Byrds for a year, his bass playing and singing appear on two of the group's studio albums, \"Dr. Byrds & Mr. Hyde\" and \"Ballad of Easy Rider\", as well as on the non-album single \"Lay Lady Lay\". He wrote \"Fido\", which appears on \"Ballad of Easy Rider\", and co-wrote \"Candy\", which is included on \"Dr. Byrds & Mr. Hyde\". He also appears on the Columbia/Legacy Byrds' live album \"Live at the Fillmore - February 1969\". Following his departure from the Byrds, York worked with Clark during the mid-1980s, along with Pat Robinson, in the group CRY. York has maintained a lengthy career as a guitarist and bass player, and since the 1980s has worked with artists including Chris Darrow, Katie Trickett, Steven T., Nick Binkley, and Carla Olson, among others. In 1988, he recorded a number of songs with fellow ex-Byrds bass player Skip Battin, and these recordings were issued as the \"Family Tree\" album in 2001."], "answer": {"text": "He initially played rhythm guitar in the band, but relinquished that position to David Crosby", "answer_start": 917}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the Byrds form?", "answer": {"text": "In early 1964 they began to assemble a band that would become the Byrds.", "answer_start": 532, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the original members?", "answer": {"text": "fellow folkie and Beatles convert Jim (later Roger) McGuinn", "answer_start": 448, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anybody else?", "answer": {"text": "David Crosby and became the tambourine and harmonica player. Bassist Chris Hillman", "answer_start": 998, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his role in the band?", "answer": {"text": "Clark wrote or co-wrote many of the Byrds' best-known originals", "answer_start": 605, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs were those?", "answer": {"text": "\"I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better\", \"Set You Free This Time\", \"Here Without You\", \"", "answer_start": 710, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there more songs he wrote during this time?", "answer": {"text": "\", \"You Won't Have to Cry\", \"If You're Gone\", \"The World Turns All Around Her\", \"She Don't Care About Time\" and \"Eight Miles High\".", "answer_start": 785, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6e304e7e9c2a4a2cbf067df6ea667ac2_1_q#0", "question": "when was Georg Brandes' breakthrough?", "rewrite": "when was Georg Brandes' breakthrough?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Modern Breakthrough The Modern Breakthrough (, , ) is the common name of the strong movement of naturalism and debating literature of Scandinavia which replaced romanticism near the end of the 19th century. The term \"The Modern Breakthrough\" is used about the period 1870-1890 in the history of literature in Scandinavia, which in this period had a breakthrough from the rest of Europe. Danish theorist Georg Brandes is often considered to be the \"wire-puller\" behind the movement, although some of the authors had already begun to write in a realistic style before he formulated the aesthetic paradigm of the movement. His lectures at Copenhagen University starting 1871 and his work \"Main Currents in 19th Century Literature\" (Danish: \"Hovedstr\u00f8mninger i det 19. Aarhundredes Litteratur\") mark the beginning of the period. The authors during the Modern Breakthrough revolted against traditional cultural themes, especially the literary period of romanticism. The writers of the Modern Breakthrough adopted a more realistic bent. The authors of the Breakthrough also adopted more liberal views on such topics as sexuality and religion, and expressed openly their interest in scientific breakthroughs such as Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. Female writers also gained unprecedented influence during this time. The very beginning of The Modern Breakthrough is usually attributed to Georg Brandes, who already in 1869 translated the controversial essay \"The Subjection of Women\" by John Stuart Mill into Danish. In the following years, Brandes lectured at Copenhagen University and after that in most of Europe with criticism of romanticism. He also wrote books and articles on the subject, and especially \"Main Currents in 19th Century Literature\", which was published in several volumes from 1872 important as a theoretical basis for the literature of the time. A number of the other authors of the period had international contacts, and many of them lived abroad in shorter periods.", "Ernst Immanuel Cohen Brandes Ernst Immanuel Cohen Brandes (1 February 1844 \u2013 6 August 1892) was a Danish economist, writer, and newspaper editor best known for editing the \"Kj\u00f8benhavns B\u00f8rs-Tidende\", which published articles written by leading Danish men of letters, including future Nobel Prize winner Henrik Pontoppidan, during a period later hailed as the Modern Breakthrough in Danish literature. Outraged by his politicized blasphemy conviction for an article anonymously written by Pontoppidan for the \"Kj\u00f8benhavns B\u00f8rs-Tidende\" in 1889, Brandes committed suicide in 1892. Ernst Brandes was born to a Danish Jewish family in Copenhagen on 1 February 1844, some two years after his elder brother Georg Brandes and three years before the youngest, Edvard. Trained as an economist, Brandes spent much of the energies of his brief life on economic and social questions. The chief objects of Brandes' attack in his 1885 \"Samfundssporgsmaal\" were the population theories of Thomas Malthus and theory of value advanced by David Ricardo. Though prominent as a social liberal, Brandes reserved part of \"Samfundssporgsmaal\" for a critique of the Marxist movement. Brandes came to write for the \"Politiken\", which Edvard had helped to found in 1884, before editing his own newspaper, the \"Kj\u00f8benhavns B\u00f8rs-Tidende\", in 1889 - an idiosyncratic undertaking meant to combine stock price lists and radical literature. Successful in his efforts to attract a wide range of talented writers, Brandes published the literary efforts and social commentary of such authors as Johannes J\u00f8rgensen, Sophus Claussen, and Viggo Stuckenberg.", "Maria Stona Maria Stona; Marie Scholz; born Stonawski (1859\u20131944) was a Silesian German writer and poet. Her daughter was the sculptor Helen Zelezny-Scholz. In T\u0159ebovice she led artistic salon. She drew into her circles many noticeable persons, world-famous artists, politicians and writers such as Georg Brandes, Georges Clemenceau, Berta von Suttner, Flinders Petrie, Stefan Zweig, being among her guests in her home the Chateau of T\u0159ebovice (Strzebowitz). She corresponded regularly with Georg Brandes from 1899 to his death 1927. Maria Stona died in 1944, during the World War II. In the course of the liberation of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Red Army her chateau was damaged and subsequently was deteriorating. It was completely demolished in 1958. Some of her books are available at The Royal Library in Copenhagen, where some of her letters may also be found in \"Georg Brandes Arkivet\". Maria Scholz was a daughter of Joseph Stonawski, who bought the Castle Strebowitz in 1861, and his wife Marie Prymus from Sob\u011b\u0161ovice in Cieszyn Silesia. She used the first two syllables of her birth name, Stonawski, as her pseudonym Maria Stona. In 1881 Maria Scholz married Dr. jur. Albert Scholz, a son of Alois Scholz (1821\u20131883), the director of the steel works of Witkowitz mining and metallurgical trade union in Moravia-Ostrava. The couple lived from 1881 to 1888 in Chropyn\u011b in Moravia, where their daughter Helen Zelezny-Scholz was born on 16 August 1882. The marriage to Albert Scholz lasted until 1899.", "Johannes J\u00f8rgensen Jens Johannes J\u00f8rgensen (6 November 1866 in Svendborg \u2013 29 May 1956) was a Danish writer, best known for his biographies of Catholic saints. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times. Johannes J\u00f8rgensen was born in 1866 in Svendborg, Denmark. In 1884, he travelled to Copenhagen to start his studies, but he quit his studies in 1888. In Copenhagen he began to develop radical social views, which soon led him into a circle of cultural and radical artists. He was fascinated by the Russian nihilists and by Georg Brandes who boasted of dispelling \"the darkness of Christianity. \" He led a life of pleasure and married, but his happiness did not last. New voices announcing spiritual values were then being heard in Denmark. J\u00f8rgensen read Joris-Karl Huysmans, Maurice Maeterlinck and others. He broke with Georg Brandes and his school, which would later cause his ruin. From his earliest years, he had shown a strong love of poetry through which he could express his dreams and observations. For the rest of his life, poetry remained one of his more prominent modes of expression. But with his innate melancholy temperament, he found no permanent place in cultural radicalism and materialism, where Eros and connoisseur, summarized in pantheism's worship of nature was prevalent. Therefore, he began a quest for more spiritually motivated sources of inspiration together with other like-minded people. As an editor of the magazine \"The Tower\" (\"Taarnet\" in Danish) in the years 1893-94, he had an outlet for expressing his ideas about symbolism, and his opposition to naturalism. Symbolists quickly came across the prevailing literary circles, in particular, the brothers Georg and Edvard Brandes, who did not spare the young rebels.", "Edvard Brandes Carl Edvard Cohen Brandes (21 October 1847, Copenhagen \u2013 20 December 1931, Copenhagen) was a Danish politician, critic and author, and the younger brother of Georg Brandes and Ernst Brandes. He had a Ph.D. in eastern philology. Brandes was a member of the Folketing for the party Venstre from 1880 to 1894. Along with Viggo H\u00f8rup and Christen Berg, Brandes was editor of the newspaper \"Morgenbladet\" (literally \"the morning paper\"), which was associated with the party, from 1880 to 1883, when Berg fired Brandes and H\u00f8rup over a conflict on the points of view that the newspaper voiced. In 1884, he cofounded the newspaper \"Politiken\" with H\u00f8rup and Hermann Bang. Brandes used his position within the newspaper to promote literature that supported his own political point of view and to criticize literature which contained nationalliberal or Grundtvigian points of view, often in direct conflict with his opinion of their quality, but nevertheless he played a significant part in reforming literary criticism in Denmark. He joined the party Det Radikale Venstre shortly after its founding in 1905, and he was a member of the Landsting for the party from the 1906 election until 1927. He was Minister of Finance from 1909 to 1910 and again from 1913 to 1920 as a member of the Cabinets of Zahle I and II. He was the father-in-law of Norwegian chemist Georg Dedichen, and brother-in-law of Mette-Sophie Gad the wife of French artist Paul Gauguin"], "answer": {"text": "His famous opening lecture on 3 November 1871,", "answer_start": 284}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6e304e7e9c2a4a2cbf067df6ea667ac2_1_q#1", "question": "what was the lecture about?", "rewrite": "what was Georg Brandes' breakthrough lecture about?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Modern Breakthrough The Modern Breakthrough (, , ) is the common name of the strong movement of naturalism and debating literature of Scandinavia which replaced romanticism near the end of the 19th century. The term \"The Modern Breakthrough\" is used about the period 1870-1890 in the history of literature in Scandinavia, which in this period had a breakthrough from the rest of Europe. Danish theorist Georg Brandes is often considered to be the \"wire-puller\" behind the movement, although some of the authors had already begun to write in a realistic style before he formulated the aesthetic paradigm of the movement. His lectures at Copenhagen University starting 1871 and his work \"Main Currents in 19th Century Literature\" (Danish: \"Hovedstr\u00f8mninger i det 19. Aarhundredes Litteratur\") mark the beginning of the period. The authors during the Modern Breakthrough revolted against traditional cultural themes, especially the literary period of romanticism. The writers of the Modern Breakthrough adopted a more realistic bent. The authors of the Breakthrough also adopted more liberal views on such topics as sexuality and religion, and expressed openly their interest in scientific breakthroughs such as Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. Female writers also gained unprecedented influence during this time. The very beginning of The Modern Breakthrough is usually attributed to Georg Brandes, who already in 1869 translated the controversial essay \"The Subjection of Women\" by John Stuart Mill into Danish. In the following years, Brandes lectured at Copenhagen University and after that in most of Europe with criticism of romanticism. He also wrote books and articles on the subject, and especially \"Main Currents in 19th Century Literature\", which was published in several volumes from 1872 important as a theoretical basis for the literature of the time. A number of the other authors of the period had international contacts, and many of them lived abroad in shorter periods.", "Johannes J\u00f8rgensen Jens Johannes J\u00f8rgensen (6 November 1866 in Svendborg \u2013 29 May 1956) was a Danish writer, best known for his biographies of Catholic saints. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times. Johannes J\u00f8rgensen was born in 1866 in Svendborg, Denmark. In 1884, he travelled to Copenhagen to start his studies, but he quit his studies in 1888. In Copenhagen he began to develop radical social views, which soon led him into a circle of cultural and radical artists. He was fascinated by the Russian nihilists and by Georg Brandes who boasted of dispelling \"the darkness of Christianity. \" He led a life of pleasure and married, but his happiness did not last. New voices announcing spiritual values were then being heard in Denmark. J\u00f8rgensen read Joris-Karl Huysmans, Maurice Maeterlinck and others. He broke with Georg Brandes and his school, which would later cause his ruin. From his earliest years, he had shown a strong love of poetry through which he could express his dreams and observations. For the rest of his life, poetry remained one of his more prominent modes of expression. But with his innate melancholy temperament, he found no permanent place in cultural radicalism and materialism, where Eros and connoisseur, summarized in pantheism's worship of nature was prevalent. Therefore, he began a quest for more spiritually motivated sources of inspiration together with other like-minded people. As an editor of the magazine \"The Tower\" (\"Taarnet\" in Danish) in the years 1893-94, he had an outlet for expressing his ideas about symbolism, and his opposition to naturalism. Symbolists quickly came across the prevailing literary circles, in particular, the brothers Georg and Edvard Brandes, who did not spare the young rebels.", "Edvard Brandes Carl Edvard Cohen Brandes (21 October 1847, Copenhagen \u2013 20 December 1931, Copenhagen) was a Danish politician, critic and author, and the younger brother of Georg Brandes and Ernst Brandes. He had a Ph.D. in eastern philology. Brandes was a member of the Folketing for the party Venstre from 1880 to 1894. Along with Viggo H\u00f8rup and Christen Berg, Brandes was editor of the newspaper \"Morgenbladet\" (literally \"the morning paper\"), which was associated with the party, from 1880 to 1883, when Berg fired Brandes and H\u00f8rup over a conflict on the points of view that the newspaper voiced. In 1884, he cofounded the newspaper \"Politiken\" with H\u00f8rup and Hermann Bang. Brandes used his position within the newspaper to promote literature that supported his own political point of view and to criticize literature which contained nationalliberal or Grundtvigian points of view, often in direct conflict with his opinion of their quality, but nevertheless he played a significant part in reforming literary criticism in Denmark. He joined the party Det Radikale Venstre shortly after its founding in 1905, and he was a member of the Landsting for the party from the 1906 election until 1927. He was Minister of Finance from 1909 to 1910 and again from 1913 to 1920 as a member of the Cabinets of Zahle I and II. He was the father-in-law of Norwegian chemist Georg Dedichen, and brother-in-law of Mette-Sophie Gad the wife of French artist Paul Gauguin", "Ernst Immanuel Cohen Brandes Ernst Immanuel Cohen Brandes (1 February 1844 \u2013 6 August 1892) was a Danish economist, writer, and newspaper editor best known for editing the \"Kj\u00f8benhavns B\u00f8rs-Tidende\", which published articles written by leading Danish men of letters, including future Nobel Prize winner Henrik Pontoppidan, during a period later hailed as the Modern Breakthrough in Danish literature. Outraged by his politicized blasphemy conviction for an article anonymously written by Pontoppidan for the \"Kj\u00f8benhavns B\u00f8rs-Tidende\" in 1889, Brandes committed suicide in 1892. Ernst Brandes was born to a Danish Jewish family in Copenhagen on 1 February 1844, some two years after his elder brother Georg Brandes and three years before the youngest, Edvard. Trained as an economist, Brandes spent much of the energies of his brief life on economic and social questions. The chief objects of Brandes' attack in his 1885 \"Samfundssporgsmaal\" were the population theories of Thomas Malthus and theory of value advanced by David Ricardo. Though prominent as a social liberal, Brandes reserved part of \"Samfundssporgsmaal\" for a critique of the Marxist movement. Brandes came to write for the \"Politiken\", which Edvard had helped to found in 1884, before editing his own newspaper, the \"Kj\u00f8benhavns B\u00f8rs-Tidende\", in 1889 - an idiosyncratic undertaking meant to combine stock price lists and radical literature. Successful in his efforts to attract a wide range of talented writers, Brandes published the literary efforts and social commentary of such authors as Johannes J\u00f8rgensen, Sophus Claussen, and Viggo Stuckenberg.", "Maria Stona Maria Stona; Marie Scholz; born Stonawski (1859\u20131944) was a Silesian German writer and poet. Her daughter was the sculptor Helen Zelezny-Scholz. In T\u0159ebovice she led artistic salon. She drew into her circles many noticeable persons, world-famous artists, politicians and writers such as Georg Brandes, Georges Clemenceau, Berta von Suttner, Flinders Petrie, Stefan Zweig, being among her guests in her home the Chateau of T\u0159ebovice (Strzebowitz). She corresponded regularly with Georg Brandes from 1899 to his death 1927. Maria Stona died in 1944, during the World War II. In the course of the liberation of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Red Army her chateau was damaged and subsequently was deteriorating. It was completely demolished in 1958. Some of her books are available at The Royal Library in Copenhagen, where some of her letters may also be found in \"Georg Brandes Arkivet\". Maria Scholz was a daughter of Joseph Stonawski, who bought the Castle Strebowitz in 1861, and his wife Marie Prymus from Sob\u011b\u0161ovice in Cieszyn Silesia. She used the first two syllables of her birth name, Stonawski, as her pseudonym Maria Stona. In 1881 Maria Scholz married Dr. jur. Albert Scholz, a son of Alois Scholz (1821\u20131883), the director of the steel works of Witkowitz mining and metallurgical trade union in Moravia-Ostrava. The couple lived from 1881 to 1888 in Chropyn\u011b in Moravia, where their daughter Helen Zelezny-Scholz was born on 16 August 1882. The marriage to Albert Scholz lasted until 1899."], "answer": {"text": "signalled the beginning of his lifelong struggle to modernize Danish literature.", "answer_start": 453}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when was Georg Brandes' breakthrough?", "answer": {"text": "His famous opening lecture on 3 November 1871,", "answer_start": 284, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6e304e7e9c2a4a2cbf067df6ea667ac2_1_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than his lifelong struggle to modernize Danish literature, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It was in the 1960s that Danish architects such as Arne Jacobsen entered the world scene with their highly successful Functionalist architecture. This, in turn, has evolved into more recent world-class masterpieces including J\u00f8rn Utzon's Sydney Opera House and Johan Otto von Spreckelsen's Grande Arche de la D\u00e9fense in Paris, paving the way for a number of contemporary Danish designers such as Bjarke Ingels to be rewarded for excellence both at home and abroad. Danish design is a term often used to describe a style of functionalistic design and architecture that was developed in the mid-20th century, originating in Denmark. Danish design is typically applied to industrial design, furniture and household objects, which have won many international awards. The Royal Porcelain Factory is famous for the quality of its ceramics and export products worldwide. Danish design is also a well-known brand, often associated with world-famous, 20th-century designers and architects such as B\u00f8rge Mogensen, Finn Juhl, Hans Wegner, Arne Jacobsen, Poul Henningsen and Verner Panton. Other designers of note include Kristian Solmer Vedel (1923\u20132003) in the area of industrial design, Jens Quistgaard (1919\u20132008) for kitchen furniture and implements and Ole Wanscher (1903\u20131985) who had a classical approach to furniture design. The first known Danish literature is myths and folklore from the 10th and 11th century. Saxo Grammaticus, normally considered the first Danish writer, worked for bishop Absalon on a chronicle of Danish history (\"Gesta Danorum\"). Very little is known of other Danish literature from the Middle Ages. With the Age of Enlightenment came Ludvig Holberg whose comedy plays are still being performed. In the late 19th century, literature was seen as a way to influence society.", "Brandes now took his place as the leading northern European critic, applying to local conditions and habits of thought the methods of Taine. He became Docent or reader in Aesthetics at the University of Copenhagen, where his lectures were a great success and gathered huge audiences. His famous opening lecture on 3 November 1871, Hovedstromninger i det 19de Aarhundredes Litteratur (English: Main Currents in the Literature of the Nineteenth Century), signalled the beginning of his lifelong struggle to modernize Danish literature. After the professorship of aesthetics became vacant in 1872, it was taken as a matter of course that Brandes would fill it. But the young critic had offended many sensibilities by his ardent advocacy of modern ideas; he was seen as a Jew (which he did not consider himself to be), his convictions were Radical, he was suspected of being an atheist. The authorities refused to appoint him, but his fitness for the post was so obvious that the chair of Aesthetics remained vacant for years, since no one else daring to place himself in comparison with Brandes. In the middle of these polemics, Brandes began to issue volumes of the most ambitious of his works, Main Currents in the Literature of the Nineteenth Century, of which four volumes appeared between 1872 and 1875 (English translation, 1901-1905). The brilliant novelty of this criticism of the literature of major European countries at the beginning of the 19th century, and his description of the general revolt against the pseudo-classicism of the 18th century, at once attracted attention outside Denmark. The tumult which gathered round the person of the critic increased the success of the work, and the reputation of Brandes grew apace, especially in Germany and Russia. In 1877 Brandes left Copenhagen and settled in Berlin, taking a considerable part in the aesthetic life of that city.", "Vilhelm Andersen Vilhelm Rasmus Andreas Andersen (16 October 1864 \u2013 3 April 1953) was a Danish author, literary historian and intellectual, who primarily focused on the study of Danish literature. He was one of the first to use the term \"Golden Age of Culture\" to refer to the 1800s, and his focus on bringing Danish literature to the public earned him great popularity. Andersen was instrumental in the development of the School of Radio, as a means of disseminating public education to prevent loss of cultural identity and treasures. Vilhelm Rasmus Andreas Andersen was born on 16 October 1864 in Nordrup at Ringsted in the Slagelse Municipality of Denmark, son of Frederik Vilhelm Andersen. He graduated from Sor\u00f8 Academy in 1882, having studied language and literature. He continued his studies at the University of Copenhagen taking his examinations in 1888. He won the University's Gold Medal in Nordic philology in 1891 and took his doctorate in 1896 with his thesis \"Guldhornene\" (The Golden Horns). He was appointed a professor of Danish literature in 1908 by Copenhagen University. Andersen began to write around 1893, with such pieces as ' (1893), ' (1894), \"Adam Oehlenschl\u00e4ger, I\u2014III\" (1894\u20131900), \" (1903, 1907), among others. In these works he attempts to penetrate the poet's intentions both through linguistic analysis and by psychological study, particularly for the works of Poul M\u00f8ller and Adam Oehlenschl\u00e4ger. There are smaller scientific papers drawing on philology, the study of language development. Andersen later returned to M\u00f8ller (1904) and Oehlenschl\u00e4ger, (1917) and wrote smaller works on Frederik Paludan-M\u00fcller, Henrik Pontoppidan, and Vilhelm Tops\u00f8e.", "Danish Critics Prize for Literature The Danish Critics Prize for Literature (in Danish: \"Kritikerprisen\") is an annual Danish literature award. It was established in 1957 by the Danish Publishers Association. Since 1971 the award has been made by the Danish Literature Critics Association (\"Litteraturkritikernes Lav\") after a vote by members. The award currently carries a prize of DKK 30,000. The Association also awards the Georg Brandes-Prize.", "Danish literature Danish literature, a subset of Scandinavian literature, stretches back to the Middle Ages. The earliest preserved texts from Denmark are runic inscriptions on memorial stones and other objects, some of which contain short poems in alliterative verse. In the late 12th century Saxo Grammaticus wrote \"Gesta Danorum\". During the 16th century, the Lutheran Reformation came to Denmark. During this era, Christiern Pedersen translated the New Testament into Danish and Thomas Kingo composed hymns. Fine poetry was created in the early 17th century by Anders Arrebo (1587\u20131637). The challenges faced during Denmark's absolute monarchy in 1660 are chronicled in \"Jammersminde\" (Remembered Woes) by Leonora Christina of the Blue Tower. Ludvig Holberg (1684\u20131754), influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment and Humanism, is considered the founder of modern Danish and Norwegian literature. Neoclassical poetry, drama, and the essay flourished during the 18th century influenced by French and English trends. German influence is seen in the verse of the leading poets of the late 18th century such as Johannes Ewald and Jens Baggesen. Other 18th century writers include the hymn writer Hans Adolph Brorson and the satirical poet Johan Herman Wessel. During Denmark's Golden Age (1800\u20131850), literature centred on Romantic thinking, with authors such as philosopher Henrik Steffens and the poet Bernhard Severin Ingemann (1789\u20131862). One of the most important figures in Danish literary culture was Nikolaj Grundtvig (1783\u20131872). Hans Christian Andersen (1805\u20131875) is remembered first and foremost for his fairy tales, written between 1835 and 1872. S\u00f8ren Kierkegaard (1813\u20131855) was an existentialist philosopher and a theologian."], "answer": {"text": "In the middle of these polemics, Brandes began to issue volumes of the most ambitious of his works, Main Currents in the Literature of the Nineteenth Century,", "answer_start": 1093}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when was Georg Brandes' breakthrough?", "answer": {"text": "His famous opening lecture on 3 November 1871,", "answer_start": 284, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the lecture about?", "answer": {"text": "signalled the beginning of his lifelong struggle to modernize Danish literature.", "answer_start": 453, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6e304e7e9c2a4a2cbf067df6ea667ac2_1_q#3", "question": "were they successful?", "rewrite": "Were volumes of Main Currents in the Literature of the Nineteenth Century successful?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The fifth and final category is the importance of caring for oneself since only thus can one act to help others. Liberalism increasingly shaped American intellectual life in the 1930s and 1940s, thanks in large part to two major two-volume studies that were widely read by academics, advanced students, intellectuals and the general public, namely Charles A. Beard and Mary Beard's \"The Rise of American civilization\" (2 vol.; 1927) and Vernon L. Parrington's \"Main Currents in American Thought\" (2 vol. ; 1927). The Beards exposed the material forces that shaped American history while Parrington focused on the material forces that shaped American literature. According to the Beards, virtually all political history involved the bitter conflict between the agrarians, farmers and workers led by the Jeffersonians and the capitalists led by the Hamiltonians. The Civil War marked a great triumph of the capitalists and comprised the Second American Revolution. Younger historians welcome the realistic approach that emphasized hardcore economic interest as a powerful force and downplayed the role of ideas. Parrington spoke to the crises at hand. According to historian Ralph Gabriel: \"Main Currents\" attempted to trace the history of liberalism in the American scene for citizens who were caught in a desperate predicament. It was an age in which American liberalism set the United States, through the New Deal, on a Democratic middle-of-the-road course between the contemporary extremisms of Europe, that of Communism on one hand, and of Fascism on the other. [...] The style of \"Main Currents\" was powered by Parrington's dedication to the cause of humane liberalism, by his ultimate humanistic, democratic faith. He saw the democratic dreams of the romantic first half of the 19th century as the climax of an epic story toward which early Americans moved and from which later Americans fell away.", "Modern Breakthrough The Modern Breakthrough (, , ) is the common name of the strong movement of naturalism and debating literature of Scandinavia which replaced romanticism near the end of the 19th century. The term \"The Modern Breakthrough\" is used about the period 1870-1890 in the history of literature in Scandinavia, which in this period had a breakthrough from the rest of Europe. Danish theorist Georg Brandes is often considered to be the \"wire-puller\" behind the movement, although some of the authors had already begun to write in a realistic style before he formulated the aesthetic paradigm of the movement. His lectures at Copenhagen University starting 1871 and his work \"Main Currents in 19th Century Literature\" (Danish: \"Hovedstr\u00f8mninger i det 19. Aarhundredes Litteratur\") mark the beginning of the period. The authors during the Modern Breakthrough revolted against traditional cultural themes, especially the literary period of romanticism. The writers of the Modern Breakthrough adopted a more realistic bent. The authors of the Breakthrough also adopted more liberal views on such topics as sexuality and religion, and expressed openly their interest in scientific breakthroughs such as Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. Female writers also gained unprecedented influence during this time. The very beginning of The Modern Breakthrough is usually attributed to Georg Brandes, who already in 1869 translated the controversial essay \"The Subjection of Women\" by John Stuart Mill into Danish. In the following years, Brandes lectured at Copenhagen University and after that in most of Europe with criticism of romanticism. He also wrote books and articles on the subject, and especially \"Main Currents in 19th Century Literature\", which was published in several volumes from 1872 important as a theoretical basis for the literature of the time. A number of the other authors of the period had international contacts, and many of them lived abroad in shorter periods.", "Brandes now took his place as the leading northern European critic, applying to local conditions and habits of thought the methods of Taine. He became Docent or reader in Aesthetics at the University of Copenhagen, where his lectures were a great success and gathered huge audiences. His famous opening lecture on 3 November 1871, Hovedstromninger i det 19de Aarhundredes Litteratur (English: Main Currents in the Literature of the Nineteenth Century), signalled the beginning of his lifelong struggle to modernize Danish literature. After the professorship of aesthetics became vacant in 1872, it was taken as a matter of course that Brandes would fill it. But the young critic had offended many sensibilities by his ardent advocacy of modern ideas; he was seen as a Jew (which he did not consider himself to be), his convictions were Radical, he was suspected of being an atheist. The authorities refused to appoint him, but his fitness for the post was so obvious that the chair of Aesthetics remained vacant for years, since no one else daring to place himself in comparison with Brandes. In the middle of these polemics, Brandes began to issue volumes of the most ambitious of his works, Main Currents in the Literature of the Nineteenth Century, of which four volumes appeared between 1872 and 1875 (English translation, 1901-1905). The brilliant novelty of this criticism of the literature of major European countries at the beginning of the 19th century, and his description of the general revolt against the pseudo-classicism of the 18th century, at once attracted attention outside Denmark. The tumult which gathered round the person of the critic increased the success of the work, and the reputation of Brandes grew apace, especially in Germany and Russia. In 1877 Brandes left Copenhagen and settled in Berlin, taking a considerable part in the aesthetic life of that city.", "Main Currents of Marxism Main Currents of Marxism: Its Origins, Growth and Dissolution () is a work about Marxism by the political philosopher Leszek Ko\u0142akowski. Its three volumes in English are: \"1: The Founders\", \"II: The Golden Age\", and \"III: The Breakdown\". It was first published in Polish in Paris in 1976, with the English translation appearing in 1978. In 2005, \"Main Currents of Marxism\" was republished in a one volume edition, with a new preface and epilogue by Ko\u0142akowski. The work was intended to be a \"handbook\" on Marxism by Ko\u0142akowski, who was once an orthodox Marxist but ultimately rejected Marxism. Despite his critical stand toward Marxism, Ko\u0142akowski endorsed the philosopher Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs's interpretation of Karl Marx. The book received many positive reviews, praising Ko\u0142akowski for the comprehensiveness of his discussion of Marxism and for the quality of his writing. His discussions of historical materialism, Luk\u00e1cs, Polish Marxism, Leon Trotsky, Herbert Marcuse, and the Frankfurt School were singled out for praise. Other reviewers were more critical of his treatment of the Frankfurt School, and reviewers were divided in their evaluations of Ko\u0142akowski's treatment of Karl Kautsky, Vladimir Lenin, and Antonio Gramsci. Ko\u0142akowski was criticized for omitting discussions of particular authors or topics, his hostility to Marxism, his adherence to Luk\u00e1cs's interpretation of Marx, failing to explain Marxism's appeal or impact on the modern world, and for giving a misleading impression of Marxism by focusing on Marxist philosophers at the expense of other Marxist writers. According to Ko\u0142akowski, \"Main Currents of Marxism\" was written in Polish between 1968 and 1976, at a time when it was impossible to publish the work in Communist ruled Poland.", "Ko\u0142akowski replied to Miliband's review, reaffirming his views as expressed in \"Main Currents of Marxism\", and accusing Miliband of misrepresenting them. The Marxist historian G. E. M. de Ste. Croix described \"Main Currents of Marxism\" as overpraised, but nevertheless acknowledged that he was influenced by it, in \"The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World\" (1981). He credited Ko\u0142akowski with accurately describing some of the disastrous developments of Marx's thought by many of his followers. The philosopher A. J. Ayer praised \"Main Currents of Marxism\" in \"Philosophy in the Twentieth Century\" (1984). The philosopher Roger Scruton credited Ko\u0142akowski with lucidly describing the main tendencies of Marxism in \"Thinkers of the New Left\" (1985). He expressed agreement with Ko\u0142akowski's view of Luk\u00e1cs as \"an intellectual Stalinist, one for whom an opponent sacrifices, by his very opposition, the right to exist.\" William F. Buckley Jr. and the political scientist Charles R. Kesler credited Ko\u0142akowski with demonstrating \"the connection between Marxist theory and Stalinist reality\" in \"Keeping the Tablets: Modern American Conservative Thought\" (1988), calling \"Main Currents of Marxism\" \"excellent\". Paul Thomas argued in \"The Cambridge Companion to Marx\" (1991) that Ko\u0142akowski wrongly interprets Marxism as \"radical anthropocentrism, a secularization of the (real) religious absolute, a formula for human self-perfectibility, and the self-deification of humankind.\" He saw Ko\u0142akowski's interpretation as being motivated by the wish to connect Marx to \"his self-appointed disciples. \""], "answer": {"text": "The tumult which gathered round the person of the critic increased the success of the work,", "answer_start": 1601}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when was Georg Brandes' breakthrough?", "answer": {"text": "His famous opening lecture on 3 November 1871,", "answer_start": 284, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the lecture about?", "answer": {"text": "signalled the beginning of his lifelong struggle to modernize Danish literature.", "answer_start": 453, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In the middle of these polemics, Brandes began to issue volumes of the most ambitious of his works, Main Currents in the Literature of the Nineteenth Century,", "answer_start": 1093, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ac91f3e1c5394bb4aadf11358a3733c5_0_q#0", "question": "What is Rushkoffs connection to cyberculture?", "rewrite": "What is Rushkoffs connection to cyberculture?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Examples include but are not limited to: First and foremost, cyberculture derives from traditional notions of culture, as the roots of the word imply. In non-cyberculture, it would be odd to speak of a single, monolithic culture. In cyberculture, by extension, searching for a single thing that is cyberculture would likely be problematic. The notion that there is a single, definable cyberculture is likely the complete dominance of early cyber territory by affluent North Americans. Writing by early proponents of cyberspace tends to reflect this assumption (see Howard Rheingold). The ethnography of cyberspace is an important aspect of cyberculture that does not reflect a single unified culture. It \"is not a monolithic or placeless 'cyberspace'; rather, it is numerous new technologies and capabilities, used by diverse people, in diverse real-world locations. \" It is malleable, perishable, and can be shaped by the vagaries of external forces on its users. For example, the laws of physical world governments, social norms, the architecture of cyberspace, and market forces shape the way cybercultures form and evolve. As with physical world cultures, cybercultures lend themselves to identification and study. There are several qualities that cybercultures share that make them warrant the prefix \"cyber-\". Some of those qualities are that cyberculture: Thus, cyberculture can be generally defined as the set of technologies (material and intellectual), practices, attitudes, modes of thought, and values that developed with cyberspace. Cyberculture, like culture in general, relies on establishing identity and credibility. However, in the absence of direct physical interaction, it could be argued that the process for such establishment is more difficult. How does cyberculture rely on and establish identity and credibility?", "Alice Mary Hilton Alice Mary Hilton ( June 18, 1919 - August 10, 2011) was a British-American academic and author. She coined the term cyberculture in 1963. She served as president of the Society for Social Responsibility in Science and The Institute for Cybercultural Research. Hilton was born in Vienna to Frederick O. Hilton and Thea von Weber. She studied classics, comparative literature and mathematics at the University of Oxford. She went on to earn a PhD in electrical engineering at University of California, Los Angeles. Here she took courses in mathematics. She was a postdoctoral scholar in the Sorbonne University, the Claremont Graduate University and Columbia University. At first Hilton was optimistic that new technologies could help to eliminate poverty and cheap labour focused on repetitive tasks, but she became more wary of technology and increasingly pessimistic in the late 1960s as a result of the Vietnam War growing social unrest of that period. In 1963 Hilton created the term cyberculture. \" Cyberculture\" was defined by Hilton as \"that way of life made possible when an entire process of production is carried out by systems of machines monitored and controlled by one computer\". She described how, in the era of cyberculture, \"plows pull themselves and the fried chickens fly right onto our plates\". In the early 1960s Hilton published as series of essays entitled \"the Age of Cyberculture.\" She described how computers could someday become conscious, and that the interactions that take place in a human body could be performed by man-made circuits. Her first book, Logic, Computing Machines and automation was read by Bertrand Russell. She wrote about the need for science teachers to the dangers of modern science and technology, as well as their potential to build a new world. She maintained that a curriculum needed to be developed for the technological future. \"A new age is being born. In this century, humanity must prepare for the emerging cyberculture.", "This cyberculture may be purely an online culture or it may span both virtual and physical worlds. This is to say, that cyberculture is a culture endemic to online communities; it is not just the culture that results from computer use, but culture that is directly mediated by the computer. Another way to envision cyberculture is as the electronically enabled linkage of like-minded, but potentially geographically disparate (or physically disabled and hence less mobile) persons. Cyberculture is a wide social and cultural movement closely linked to advanced information science and information technology, their emergence, development and rise to social and cultural prominence between the 1960s and the 1990s. Cyberculture was influenced at its genesis by those early users of the internet, frequently including the architects of the original project. These individuals were often guided in their actions by the hacker ethic. While early cyberculture was based on a small cultural sample, and its ideals, the modern cyberculture is a much more diverse group of users and the ideals that they espouse. Numerous specific concepts of cyberculture have been formulated by such authors as Lev Manovich, Arturo Escobar and Fred Forest. However, most of these concepts concentrate only on certain aspects, and they do not cover these in great detail. Some authors aim to achieve a more comprehensive understanding distinguished between early and contemporary cyberculture (Jakub Macek), or between cyberculture as the cultural context of information technology and cyberculture (more specifically cyberculture studies) as \"a particular approach to the study of the 'culture + technology' complex\" (David Lister et al.). Manifestations of cyberculture include various human interactions mediated by computer networks. They can be activities, pursuits, games, places, and metaphors, and include a diverse base of applications. Some are supported by specialized software and others work on commonly accepted internet protocols.", "In reality, cyberculture is designated as a virtual community culture, acting as an identity of online communication, and cyberpunk. Cyberculture in South Korea is more like a virtual community culture than anything else. Cyberculture is prolific in South Korea, both in streams and in internet communities. South Korea's cyberculture is quite aggressive because of anonymity and trolls. To prevent this from getting worse, the South Korean government decided to regulate streaming platforms, especially Afreeca TV, which has become a controversy as to whether it corrupts cyberculture or not. Many cyberculture are produced on internet streams. There are many contents such as Mukbang, gaming, and visible radio in streaming platforms. stream Jockey(BJ) try to make their own streams' atmosphere and sometimes it would be a new cyberculture. Basically, communication between the streamer and real-time viewer is one of the important things in a stream. In this process, culture can be created and this immediately surfaces and quickly transmitted in Internet communities. Internet communities can be referred as the nests of cyberculture in South Korea. Hit-cyberculture on internet communities often permeate even offline. A field of language is the most remarkable field. Internet communities lead this language trend in South Korea. Even though there are countless internet communities, there are some communities to see thoroughly. Each internet community has different interests and different people gather at different community sites. So, their atmosphere and the cyberculture that they produce and consume are different from each other. These differences between communities makes cyberculture in South Korea diverse. The Angel Halo wiki, the predecessor of the NAMU Wiki, was founded on March 1, 2007. It specialized in animation, comics, and Internet neologism. It was popular because of its unique narrative method of mixing jokes such as puns, and various people continued to write for it making it bigger.", "Internet culture Internet culture, or cyberculture, is a culture that has emerged, or is emerging, from the use of computer networks for communication, entertainment, and business. Internet culture is also the study of various social phenomena associated with the Internet and other new forms of the network communication. Examples of these new forms of network communication include, online communities, online multi-player gaming, wearable computing, social gaming, social media, mobile apps, augmented reality, and texting as well as issues related to identity, privacy, and network formation. Since the boundaries of cyberculture are difficult to define, the term is used flexibly, and its application to specific circumstances can be controversial. It generally refers at least to the cultures of virtual communities, but extends to a wide range of cultural issues relating to \"cyber-topics\", e.g. cybernetics, and the perceived or predicted cyborgization of the human body and human society itself. It can also embrace associated intellectual and cultural movements, such as cyborg theory and cyberpunk. The term often incorporates an implicit anticipation of the future. The Oxford English Dictionary lists the earliest usage of the term \"cyberculture\" in 1963, when Alice Mary Hilton wrote the following, \"In the era of cyberculture, all the plows pull themselves and the fried chickens fly right onto our plates.\" This example, and all others, up through 1995 are used to support the definition of cyberculture as \"the social conditions brought about by automation and computerization. \" The \"American Heritage Dictionary\" broadens the sense in which \"cyberculture\" is used by defining it as, \"The culture arising from the use of computer networks, as for communication, entertainment, work, and business\". However, both \"OED\" and the \"American Heritage Dictionary\" fail to describe cyberculture as a culture within and among users of computer networks."], "answer": {"text": "In Cyberia, Rushkoff states the essence of mid-1990s culture as being the fusion of rave psychedelia, chaos theory and early computer networks.", "answer_start": 224}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_ac91f3e1c5394bb4aadf11358a3733c5_0_q#1", "question": "What technology did Rushkoff use?", "rewrite": "What technology did Rushkoff use?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Present Shock: When Everything Happens Now Present Shock: When Everything Happens Now is a non-fiction work written by Douglas Rushkoff and published in 2013. The book introduces the concept of present shock, a state of anxiety in which people all live in as they try to keep up with the ever increasing speed and immediacy of time. The instantaneous nature of digital technology has shaped the way humanity perceives and deals with time. According to Rushkoff, rather than focusing on building a better future, society is primarily concerned with building a worthwhile present. Rushkoff addresses brands, pop culture, news outlets and political movements, with particular attention to the post-Y2K era, in an attempt to explain the effects of presentism on modern humanity. \"Present Shock\" is considered by some critics to be a contemporary variant of Alvin Toffler\u2019s 1970s work, \"Future Shock\", which suggested consequences of \u201ctoo much change in too short a period of time.\u201d According to Janet Maslin, whereas Toffler\u2019s take on the subject is more alarmist, Rushkoff takes an analytical approach to the perception of time. Rushkoff references the effect of live news reporting and the emergence of pop culture to make sense of diminishing attention spans and the need for instantaneous gratification from TV programs. He suggests we no longer have the patience to endure linear storylines. The solution he provides is to allow viewers to insert themselves directly into the narrative, becoming a participant rather than a spectator. Digiphrenia is described as what happens when one does insert themselves into a narrative. This insertion happens repeatedly until the they are trying to manage multiple versions of themselves simultaneously, making it more difficult for their mind to process the digital multi-tasking. Rushkoff suggests self-awareness can assist in this process.", "Rushkoff employed the term \"Open Source\" for Judaism in describing a democratic organizational model for collaborating in a commonly held religio-cultural source code: the Oral and Written Torah. Rushkoff conceived of Judaism as essentially an open-source religion which he understood as, \"the contention that religion is not a pre-existing truth but an ongoing project. It may be divinely inspired, but it is a creation of human beings working together. A collaboration. \" For Rushkoff, Open Source offered the promise of enacting change through a new culture of collaboration and improved access to sources. \"Anyone who wants to do Judaism should have access to Judaism. Judaism is not just something that you do, it's something you enact. You've got to learn the code in order to alter it.\" Rushkoff's vision of an Open Source Judaism was comparable to some other expressions of open-source religion explicitly advocating for doctrinal reform or change in practice. As an expression of Open Source Judaism, in 2002 Rushkoff founded a movement called Reboot. \" The object of the game, for me, was to recontextualize Judaism as an entirely Open Source proposition.\" (Rushkoff subsequently left Reboot when he felt its funders had become more concerned with marketing and publicity of Judaism than its actual improvement and evolution.) Early confusion over the means by which \"open-source\" projects collaborate, led some Jewish social entrepreneurs inspired by Rushkoff's idea to develop their work without indicating a license, publicly sharing code, or attributing content. Others offered \"Open Source\" as a model to be emulated but expressed no understanding of the role open-source licensing played in open-source collaboration and no opinion as to what role said licenses might serve for an Open Source Judaism.", "Up to the late-1990s, Douglas Rushkoff's philosophy towards technology could be characterized as media-deterministic. Cyberculture and new media were supposed to promote democracy and allow people to transcend the ordinary. In Cyberia, Rushkoff states the essence of mid-1990s culture as being the fusion of rave psychedelia, chaos theory and early computer networks. The promise of the resulting \"counter culture\" was that media would change from being passive to active, that we would embrace the social over content, and that empowers the masses to create and react. This idea also comes up in the concept of the media virus, which Rushkoff details in the 1994 publication of Media Virus: Hidden Agendas in Popular Culture. This significant work adopts organic metaphors to show that media, like viruses, are mobile, easily duplicated and presented as non-threatening. Technologies can make our interaction with media an empowering experience if we learn to decode the capabilities offered to us by our media. Unfortunately, people often stay one step behind our media capabilities. Ideally, emerging media and technologies have the potential to enlighten, to aid grassroots movements, to offer an alternative to the traditional \"top-down\" media, to connect diverse groups and to promote the sharing of information. Rushkoff does not limit his writings to the effect of technology on adults, and in Playing the Future turns his attention to the generation of people growing up who understand the language of media like natives, guarded against coercion. These \"screenagers\", a term originated by Rushkoff, have the chance to mediate the changing landscape more effectively than digital immigrants. With Coercion (1999), Rushkoff realistically examines the potential benefits and dangers inherent in cyberculture and analyzes market strategies that work to make people act on instinct (and buy!) rather than reflect rationally.", "The object of the game, for me,\" Rushkoff explained, \"was to recontextualize Judaism as an entirely Open Source proposition.\" The term \"Open Source Judaism\" first appeared in Douglas Rushkoff's book \"Nothing Sacred: The Truth about Judaism\" (2003). Rushkoff employed the term \"Open Source\" to describe a democratic organizational model for collaborating in a commonly held source: the Hebrew Bible and other essential works of Rabbinic Judaism. Rushkoff conceived of Judaism as essentially an open-source religion which he conceived as, \"the contention that religion is not a pre-existing truth but an ongoing project. It may be divinely inspired, but it is a creation of human beings working together. A collaboration. \" For Rushkoff, open-source offered the promise of enacting change through a new culture of collaboration and improved access to sources. \"Anyone who wants to do Judaism should have access to Judaism. Judaism is not just something that you do, it's something you enact. You've got to learn the code in order to alter it.\" The 2003 publication of Rushkoff's book \"Nothing Sacred: The Truth about Judaism\" and an online forum dedicated to \"Open Source Judaism\" inspired several online projects in creating web applications for generating custom made haggadot for Passover, however neither content nor code for these were shared under free-culture compatible open content terms. Beginning with the Open Siddur Project in 2009, open-source projects in Judaism began to publicly share their software code with open-source licenses and their content with free-culture compatible open content licenses. The explicit objectives of these projects also began to differ from Rushkoff's \"Open Source Judaism.\"", "Cyberia (book) Cyberia is a book by Douglas Rushkoff, published in 1994. The book discusses many different ideas revolving around technology, drugs and subcultures. Rushkoff takes a Tom Wolfe \"Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test\" style (or \"roman \u00e0 clef\"), as he actively becomes a part of the people and culture that he is writing about. The book goes with Rushkoff as he discusses topics ranging from online culture, the concept of a global brain as put forth in Gaia theory, and Neoshamanism. In the preface of the 1994 edition, Rushkoff describes his book as \"a very special moment in our recent history \u2013 a moment when anything seemed possible. When an entire subculture \u2013 like a kid at a rave trying virtual reality for the first time \u2013 saw the wild potentials of marrying the latest computer technologies with the most intimately held dreams and the most ancient spiritual truths. It is a moment that predates America Online, twenty million Internet subscribers, \"Wired\" magazine, Bill Clinton, and the information superhighway. But it is a moment that foresaw a whole lot more\". Rushkoff's first book was originally penned in 1992 but was not published until 1994 due to publisher concerns that electronic mail and the Internet were still obscure topics unlikely to gain traction. In \"Cyberia\", Rushkoff emphasizes a \"cyberian counterculture\" out to redefine reality, where people begin to comprehend the systemic, cultural, and spiritual implications afforded by building a technological civilization. Armed with new technologies, familiar with cyberspace, and daring enough to explore unmapped realms of consciousness, his efforts in \"Cyberia\" represent the Promethean spirit intrinsic to countercultures throughout the ages."], "answer": {"text": "This idea also comes up in the concept of the media virus, which Rushkoff details in the 1994 publication of Media Virus: Hidden Agendas in Popular Culture.", "answer_start": 570}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Rushkoffs connection to cyberculture?", "answer": {"text": "In Cyberia, Rushkoff states the essence of mid-1990s culture as being the fusion of rave psychedelia, chaos theory and early computer networks.", "answer_start": 224, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ac91f3e1c5394bb4aadf11358a3733c5_0_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than Media Virus: Hidden Agendas in Popular Culture, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Bowling Green State University Department of Popular Culture Bowling Green State University Department of Popular Culture is the first Popular Culture department in the United States. The department was founded by Professor Ray Browne in 1973. The Popular Culture department is unique as it is the only one in the US to offer both Bachelor's degrees and Master's degrees in Popular Culture. The Department of Popular Culture at Bowling Green State University has been a leader in the scholarly movement to investigate popular culture since its inception in 1973. Dr. Ray Browne's early efforts in the Department of English led in 1973 to the establishment of the Department of Popular Culture as an M.A. program, followed with the establishment of the undergraduate major a year later. Previously, in 1967, Dr. Browne had founded the \"Journal of Popular Culture\"; and in 1969 he founded the scholarly association for the study of popular culture, the Popular Culture Association, which is now headquartered at Michigan State University. Through these innovative curricular and programmatic developments and the research and other professional activities of the faculty, the department has established an international reputation as the leader in the study of popular culture. On July 21, 2012, Bowling Green State University announced their plans to demolish the Popular Culture building that housed the department. The Popular Culture building was home to four former presidents of the university before the Popular Culture department moved in. The building was purchased by the university in 1932, and was formerly called Virgil House. Over 2000 supporters protested the demolition plans of the Popular Culture building. However the protests were unsuccessful and the university continued with plans to demolish the building. The building was demolished on August 10, 2012, one week ahead of time. The demolished Popular Culture house was replaced by a student health center. The Popular Culture department moved into Shatzel Hall, alongside the Asian Studies department.", "By then, memetics had also become a theme appearing in fiction (e.g. Neal Stephenson's \"Snow Crash\"). The idea of \"language as a virus\" had already been introduced by William S. Burroughs as early as 1962 in his book \"The Ticket That Exploded\", and later in \"The Electronic Revolution\", published in 1970 in \"\". Douglas Rushkoff explored the same concept in \"Media Virus: Hidden Agendas in Popular Culture\" in 1995. However, the foundation of memetics in its full modern incarnation originated in the publication in 1996 of two books by authors outside the academic mainstream: \"Virus of the Mind: The New Science of the Meme\" by former Microsoft executive turned motivational speaker and professional poker-player Richard Brodie, and \"Thought Contagion: How Belief Spreads Through Society\" by Aaron Lynch, a mathematician and philosopher who worked for many years as an engineer at Fermilab. Lynch claimed to have conceived his theory totally independently of any contact with academics in the cultural evolutionary sphere, and apparently was not aware of \"The Selfish Gene\" until his book was very close to publication. Around the same time as the publication of the books by Lynch and Brodie the e-journal Journal of Memetics \u2013 \"Evolutionary Models of Information Transmission\" appeared on the web. It was first hosted by the Centre for Policy Modelling at Manchester Metropolitan University but later taken over by Francis Heylighen of the CLEA research institute at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. The e-journal soon became the central point for publication and debate within the nascent memeticist community. (There had been a short-lived paper-based memetics publication starting in 1990, the \"Journal of Ideas\" edited by Elan Moritz.)", "Up to the late-1990s, Douglas Rushkoff's philosophy towards technology could be characterized as media-deterministic. Cyberculture and new media were supposed to promote democracy and allow people to transcend the ordinary. In Cyberia, Rushkoff states the essence of mid-1990s culture as being the fusion of rave psychedelia, chaos theory and early computer networks. The promise of the resulting \"counter culture\" was that media would change from being passive to active, that we would embrace the social over content, and that empowers the masses to create and react. This idea also comes up in the concept of the media virus, which Rushkoff details in the 1994 publication of Media Virus: Hidden Agendas in Popular Culture. This significant work adopts organic metaphors to show that media, like viruses, are mobile, easily duplicated and presented as non-threatening. Technologies can make our interaction with media an empowering experience if we learn to decode the capabilities offered to us by our media. Unfortunately, people often stay one step behind our media capabilities. Ideally, emerging media and technologies have the potential to enlighten, to aid grassroots movements, to offer an alternative to the traditional \"top-down\" media, to connect diverse groups and to promote the sharing of information. Rushkoff does not limit his writings to the effect of technology on adults, and in Playing the Future turns his attention to the generation of people growing up who understand the language of media like natives, guarded against coercion. These \"screenagers\", a term originated by Rushkoff, have the chance to mediate the changing landscape more effectively than digital immigrants. With Coercion (1999), Rushkoff realistically examines the potential benefits and dangers inherent in cyberculture and analyzes market strategies that work to make people act on instinct (and buy!) rather than reflect rationally.", "Harold Rosenberg died age 72 on July 11, 1978 at his summer home in Springs, New York, from complications of a stroke and pneumonia. Rosenberg wrote several books on art theory, and monographs on Willem de Kooning, Saul Steinberg, and Arshile Gorky. A Marxian cultural critic, Rosenberg's books and essays probed the ways in which evolving trends in painting, literature, politics, and popular culture disguised hidden agendas or mere hollowness. One of Rosenberg's most often cited essays is \"The Herd of Independent Minds,\" where he analyzes the trivialization of personal experience inherent both in mass culture-making and superficial political commitment in the arts. In this work, Rosenberg exposes political posturing in both the mass media and among artistic elites (for instance, he claims the so-called socially responsible poetry of Stephen Spender was actually an avoidance of responsibility masquerading as \"responsible poetry.\") Rosenberg deplored the attempts at commercialization of authentic experience through techniques of psychological manipulation available to mass media producers. He wrote mockingly of mass culture's efforts to consolidate and control the intricacies of human needs: The more exactly he grasps, whether by instinct or through study, the existing element of sameness in people, the more successful is the mass-culture maker. Indeed, so deeply is he committed to the concept that men are alike that he may even fancy that there exists a kind of human dead center in which everyone is identical with everyone else, and that if he can hit that psychic bull's eye he can make all mankind twitch at once. Rosenberg first used the term \"action painting\" in the essay \"American Action Painters,\" published in the December 1952 issue of \"ARTnews\". (The essay was reprinted in Rosenberg's book \"The Tradition of the New\" in 1959.)", "Beach noted that early testing with the unstacked cities on archipelagos generated by their older system made gameplay nearly impossible, and that with mountains becoming a valuable resource towards city expansion, test players would restart maps built on the old map generation system to get the right placement of mountains to exploit them successfully. The new map generation system attempts to spread out terrain more, and in areas where one type of important terrain may be absent, makes up for this by including other valuable terrain spaces, such as a river-rich region where there is a lack of mountains. Senior gameplay designer Anton Strenger compared their approach towards the development of the computer opponents, with main and hidden agendas, similar to concepts they had used in \"\" expansion for \"\". They selected historical leaders to span a diverse range of faction and playstyle dynamics, while also looking for figures that had \"really interesting personalities\" that they could fit these agendas into. Beach previously designed a system in the \"\" expansion that gave a \"Mayhem level\" in the computer opponents. Internally, the game tracked how much action was going on for the players, and if it determined that the player was progressing without little change, the computer would cause one or more of its controlled opponents to make erratic moves, creating a new situation for the player to deal with. The Mayhem level was used in \"Civilization VI\", as according to Shirk, it is a \"really interesting way of making sure that there's always something that's going to pull the player away from what they're doing or what they're focused on all the time\"."], "answer": {"text": "Technologies can make our interaction with media an empowering experience if we learn to decode the capabilities offered to us by our media.", "answer_start": 872}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Rushkoffs connection to cyberculture?", "answer": {"text": "In Cyberia, Rushkoff states the essence of mid-1990s culture as being the fusion of rave psychedelia, chaos theory and early computer networks.", "answer_start": 224, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What technology did Rushkoff use?", "answer": {"text": "This idea also comes up in the concept of the media virus, which Rushkoff details in the 1994 publication of Media Virus: Hidden Agendas in Popular Culture.", "answer_start": 570, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_706ee6c9f1b24be7aa241c1553bcb05e_0_q#0", "question": "What happened during the expedition of Tabuk?", "rewrite": "What happened during the expedition of Tabuk?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tabuk, Kalinga ', (), officially the ', or simply referred to as Tabuk City, is a and capital of the province of , . According to the , it has a population of people. Tabuk City is from Manila via Cauayan/Roxas and via San Mateo/Roxas. The former municipal district of Tabuk was transformed into a regular municipality by \"Republic Act No. 533\", approved June 16, 1950. Tabuk became the Cordillera's second city after Baguio on June 23, 2007, when 17,060 voters ratified \"Republic Act No. 9404\". On November 18, 2008, the SC voted 6-5 to revert Tabuk City, among other 15 cities', status back to municipalities. However, on December 21, 2009, the Supreme Court reversed its first decision, returning the 16 back to cities. It contended that these cities were not covered by Republic Act 9009 \u2013 the law enacted in June 2001 that increased the income requirement for cities from P20 million to P100 million \u2013 as proven by transcripts of Senate debates while crafting RA 9009. But on August 24, 2010, the SC made a reversal again, reinstating its November 2008 decision. It concluded that the Local Government Code as amended by RA 9009 should be followed, without exception. Finally, on February 15, 2011, the 16 became cities again after the SC made a third reversal. This time, the High Court acknowledged, among others, that the 16 cityhood laws amended RA 9009, effectively amending the Local Government Code itself. Tabuk is politically subdivided into 42 barangays. In the , the population of Tabuk was people, with a density of .", "The differences between the Tabuk and the Yugoslavian M72 are few; the semi-auto-only mechanism of the Tabuk is not a visually obvious difference, but is perhaps the most important. This feature dictates the rifle's role as one of precision fire and not suppressive fire. It is also important as it prevents poorly trained individuals from subjecting the barrel of a rifle intended for precision to full-auto fire, which would shorten that rifle's useful life. A more visible difference is the much lighter barrel fitted to the Tabuk. The M72's barrel is finned at the rear near the hand guards and is far heavier than that of the Tabuk (or that of a standard AKM). The thickness of the M72's barrel exists to facilitate heat distribution via mass and cooling via surface area. Since the option to fire full-auto has been omitted (and it is not typical of eastern bloc long range precision rifles to use heavy barrels for accuracy) the Tabuk, like the SVD and the PSL, has a relatively light barrel. The Tabuk differs from the M72 in some other ways. It has provision for mounting optics, though this is not an unusual accessory on Eastern Bloc weapons, and it has a skeletonized buttstock with a cheek piece. A third difference, and perhaps the most important (though not definitive) visual cue when identifying the Tabuk, is the conspicuous lack of a bipod. The M72's bipod, which is not detachable from the M72 (though sometimes removed by undisciplined troops), is quite obvious from afar when attached. It was likely removed from the Tabuk design to enhance mechanical accuracy and reduce weight, though had it been retained it might have added useful stability (practical accuracy) for long range work.", "Expedition to Tabuk The Expedition to Tabuk, also known as the Expedition of Usra, was a military expedition that was initiated by Muhammad in October 630 AD (AH 9). Muhammad led a force of as many as 30,000 north to Tabuk, near the Gulf of Aqaba, in present-day northwestern Saudi Arabia. Following rumours of a Byzantine invasion, the Muslims and allies of Muhammad received an urgent call to join the campaign, but the Arabs of the desert showed little interest. Many came up with excuses not to participate. Muhammad provided incentives to persuade the Arabs to join and provided many with gifts. Muhammad and his forces marched northwards to Tabuk, near the Gulf of Aqaba in October 630 (Rajab AH 9). It was his largest and last military expedition. Ali ibn Abi Talib, who participated in almost every other expedition of Muhammad, did not participate in Muhammad's Tabuk expedition upon Muhammad's instructions, as he held command at Medina. After arriving at Tabuk and camping there, Muhammad's army prepared to face the Byzantine invasion. Muhammad spent twenty days at Tabuk, scouting the area, making alliances with local chiefs. With no sign of the Byzantine army, he decided to return to Medina. Though Muhammad did not encounter a Byzantine army at Tabuk, according to the \"Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World\", \"this show of force demonstrated his intention to challenge the Byzantines for control of the northern part of the caravan route from Mecca to Syria\".", "Tabuk Sniper Rifle The Tabuk Sniper Rifle is an Iraqi Semi-automatic designated marksman's rifle, made from a modified version of the Zastava M70 assault rifle, itself a variant of the AKM. The Tabuk Rifle, like all the AKM and Dragunov SVD derivatives made in Iraq, was manufactured at the Al-Qadissiya Establishments using machinery sold to Iraq by Zastava Arms of Yugoslavia, when Saddam Hussein was president. Zastava Arms of Yugoslavia originally developed this rifle from its experience in making its M70 rifles (a variant of the AKM with some minor differences from the original), particularly the M76. All of the rifles in the M70 series share what is traditionally considered an RPK style receiver, that is the receiver is made with a thicker gauge of sheet metal formed over a larger and heavier trunnion. While this does add to weight, it has a positive effect on durability which is why the modification came about. The Yugoslavian version of the RPK, the Zastava M72, is a longer barreled member of the M70 family and is the weapon upon which the Tabuk is based. The barrel length of the Iraqi Tabuk rifle is 23.6 inches \u2013 slightly longer and thinner than a Yugoslavian M72 barrel, but much longer than a traditional AKM or the M70 (16.25 inches). The Tabuk, like the M72, has a provision for muzzle attachments in the typical Russian thread pattern of 14\u00d71mm left hand thread, which means that it can accept several variations of Soviet flash hiders and muzzle brakes, as well as Soviet-designed sound suppression devices.", "Tabuk, Saudi Arabia Tabuk ( \"\"), also spelled \"Tabouk\", is the capital city of the Tabuk Region in northwestern Saudi Arabia. It has a population of 910,030 (2016 census). It is close to the Jordanian\u2013Saudi Arabia border, and houses the largest air force base in Saudi Arabia. Ptolemy mentioned a place by the name 'Tabawa', at the northwestern corner of Arabia. This name may be a reference to 'Tabuka' or 'Tabuk'. If this is true, the town may be as old as Ptolemy's time. Pre-Islamic Arab poets, such as Antra and Nabiqa, mentioned its mountain 'Hasmi' in their poems. Tabouk became famous for its association with the battle fought in 8 AH (630 ACE), during the period of Muhammad. Since then, it remained a gateway of North Arabia. It was also visited by a number of European travelers such as Doughty in 1294 AH (1877 CE) and Huber in 1303 AH (1884 CE). Tabuk became a centre of military activity during the 1991 Gulf War as the city faced threats from Iraqi scuds and air attacks. The region is rich in antiquities and archaeological sites such as petroglyphs, inscriptions, forts, palaces, walls, Syrian-Egyptian pilgrimage route, and the remains of the Hejaz Railway line, the main station of which is located in Tabuk. Hundreds of localities with Rock art and inscriptions dating to different chronological periods and ranging from Paleolithic to the Islamic period were recorded at Wadi Dam and the region west of Tabuk. Study of the art revealed rich stylistic variability and both human and animal figures were represented in it. Tens of sites in the area with Thamudic, Greek and Nabataean inscriptions have been found."], "answer": {"text": "At Tabuk the standard of the army was entrusted to Abu Bakr.", "answer_start": 1426}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_706ee6c9f1b24be7aa241c1553bcb05e_0_q#1", "question": "When did the expedition happen?", "rewrite": "When did the expedition of Tabuk happen?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tabuk, Kalinga ', (), officially the ', or simply referred to as Tabuk City, is a and capital of the province of , . According to the , it has a population of people. Tabuk City is from Manila via Cauayan/Roxas and via San Mateo/Roxas. The former municipal district of Tabuk was transformed into a regular municipality by \"Republic Act No. 533\", approved June 16, 1950. Tabuk became the Cordillera's second city after Baguio on June 23, 2007, when 17,060 voters ratified \"Republic Act No. 9404\". On November 18, 2008, the SC voted 6-5 to revert Tabuk City, among other 15 cities', status back to municipalities. However, on December 21, 2009, the Supreme Court reversed its first decision, returning the 16 back to cities. It contended that these cities were not covered by Republic Act 9009 \u2013 the law enacted in June 2001 that increased the income requirement for cities from P20 million to P100 million \u2013 as proven by transcripts of Senate debates while crafting RA 9009. But on August 24, 2010, the SC made a reversal again, reinstating its November 2008 decision. It concluded that the Local Government Code as amended by RA 9009 should be followed, without exception. Finally, on February 15, 2011, the 16 became cities again after the SC made a third reversal. This time, the High Court acknowledged, among others, that the 16 cityhood laws amended RA 9009, effectively amending the Local Government Code itself. Tabuk is politically subdivided into 42 barangays. In the , the population of Tabuk was people, with a density of .", "The differences between the Tabuk and the Yugoslavian M72 are few; the semi-auto-only mechanism of the Tabuk is not a visually obvious difference, but is perhaps the most important. This feature dictates the rifle's role as one of precision fire and not suppressive fire. It is also important as it prevents poorly trained individuals from subjecting the barrel of a rifle intended for precision to full-auto fire, which would shorten that rifle's useful life. A more visible difference is the much lighter barrel fitted to the Tabuk. The M72's barrel is finned at the rear near the hand guards and is far heavier than that of the Tabuk (or that of a standard AKM). The thickness of the M72's barrel exists to facilitate heat distribution via mass and cooling via surface area. Since the option to fire full-auto has been omitted (and it is not typical of eastern bloc long range precision rifles to use heavy barrels for accuracy) the Tabuk, like the SVD and the PSL, has a relatively light barrel. The Tabuk differs from the M72 in some other ways. It has provision for mounting optics, though this is not an unusual accessory on Eastern Bloc weapons, and it has a skeletonized buttstock with a cheek piece. A third difference, and perhaps the most important (though not definitive) visual cue when identifying the Tabuk, is the conspicuous lack of a bipod. The M72's bipod, which is not detachable from the M72 (though sometimes removed by undisciplined troops), is quite obvious from afar when attached. It was likely removed from the Tabuk design to enhance mechanical accuracy and reduce weight, though had it been retained it might have added useful stability (practical accuracy) for long range work.", "Tabuk, Saudi Arabia Tabuk ( \"\"), also spelled \"Tabouk\", is the capital city of the Tabuk Region in northwestern Saudi Arabia. It has a population of 910,030 (2016 census). It is close to the Jordanian\u2013Saudi Arabia border, and houses the largest air force base in Saudi Arabia. Ptolemy mentioned a place by the name 'Tabawa', at the northwestern corner of Arabia. This name may be a reference to 'Tabuka' or 'Tabuk'. If this is true, the town may be as old as Ptolemy's time. Pre-Islamic Arab poets, such as Antra and Nabiqa, mentioned its mountain 'Hasmi' in their poems. Tabouk became famous for its association with the battle fought in 8 AH (630 ACE), during the period of Muhammad. Since then, it remained a gateway of North Arabia. It was also visited by a number of European travelers such as Doughty in 1294 AH (1877 CE) and Huber in 1303 AH (1884 CE). Tabuk became a centre of military activity during the 1991 Gulf War as the city faced threats from Iraqi scuds and air attacks. The region is rich in antiquities and archaeological sites such as petroglyphs, inscriptions, forts, palaces, walls, Syrian-Egyptian pilgrimage route, and the remains of the Hejaz Railway line, the main station of which is located in Tabuk. Hundreds of localities with Rock art and inscriptions dating to different chronological periods and ranging from Paleolithic to the Islamic period were recorded at Wadi Dam and the region west of Tabuk. Study of the art revealed rich stylistic variability and both human and animal figures were represented in it. Tens of sites in the area with Thamudic, Greek and Nabataean inscriptions have been found.", "Expedition to Tabuk The Expedition to Tabuk, also known as the Expedition of Usra, was a military expedition that was initiated by Muhammad in October 630 AD (AH 9). Muhammad led a force of as many as 30,000 north to Tabuk, near the Gulf of Aqaba, in present-day northwestern Saudi Arabia. Following rumours of a Byzantine invasion, the Muslims and allies of Muhammad received an urgent call to join the campaign, but the Arabs of the desert showed little interest. Many came up with excuses not to participate. Muhammad provided incentives to persuade the Arabs to join and provided many with gifts. Muhammad and his forces marched northwards to Tabuk, near the Gulf of Aqaba in October 630 (Rajab AH 9). It was his largest and last military expedition. Ali ibn Abi Talib, who participated in almost every other expedition of Muhammad, did not participate in Muhammad's Tabuk expedition upon Muhammad's instructions, as he held command at Medina. After arriving at Tabuk and camping there, Muhammad's army prepared to face the Byzantine invasion. Muhammad spent twenty days at Tabuk, scouting the area, making alliances with local chiefs. With no sign of the Byzantine army, he decided to return to Medina. Though Muhammad did not encounter a Byzantine army at Tabuk, according to the \"Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World\", \"this show of force demonstrated his intention to challenge the Byzantines for control of the northern part of the caravan route from Mecca to Syria\".", "Tabuk Sniper Rifle The Tabuk Sniper Rifle is an Iraqi Semi-automatic designated marksman's rifle, made from a modified version of the Zastava M70 assault rifle, itself a variant of the AKM. The Tabuk Rifle, like all the AKM and Dragunov SVD derivatives made in Iraq, was manufactured at the Al-Qadissiya Establishments using machinery sold to Iraq by Zastava Arms of Yugoslavia, when Saddam Hussein was president. Zastava Arms of Yugoslavia originally developed this rifle from its experience in making its M70 rifles (a variant of the AKM with some minor differences from the original), particularly the M76. All of the rifles in the M70 series share what is traditionally considered an RPK style receiver, that is the receiver is made with a thicker gauge of sheet metal formed over a larger and heavier trunnion. While this does add to weight, it has a positive effect on durability which is why the modification came about. The Yugoslavian version of the RPK, the Zastava M72, is a longer barreled member of the M70 family and is the weapon upon which the Tabuk is based. The barrel length of the Iraqi Tabuk rifle is 23.6 inches \u2013 slightly longer and thinner than a Yugoslavian M72 barrel, but much longer than a traditional AKM or the M70 (16.25 inches). The Tabuk, like the M72, has a provision for muzzle attachments in the typical Russian thread pattern of 14\u00d71mm left hand thread, which means that it can accept several variations of Soviet flash hiders and muzzle brakes, as well as Soviet-designed sound suppression devices."], "answer": {"text": "630 AD", "answer_start": 3}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened during the expedition of Tabuk?", "answer": {"text": "At Tabuk the standard of the army was entrusted to Abu Bakr.", "answer_start": 1426, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_706ee6c9f1b24be7aa241c1553bcb05e_0_q#2", "question": "Where was Tabuk located?", "rewrite": "Where was Tabuk located?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Expedition to Tabuk The Expedition to Tabuk, also known as the Expedition of Usra, was a military expedition that was initiated by Muhammad in October 630 AD (AH 9). Muhammad led a force of as many as 30,000 north to Tabuk, near the Gulf of Aqaba, in present-day northwestern Saudi Arabia. Following rumours of a Byzantine invasion, the Muslims and allies of Muhammad received an urgent call to join the campaign, but the Arabs of the desert showed little interest. Many came up with excuses not to participate. Muhammad provided incentives to persuade the Arabs to join and provided many with gifts. Muhammad and his forces marched northwards to Tabuk, near the Gulf of Aqaba in October 630 (Rajab AH 9). It was his largest and last military expedition. Ali ibn Abi Talib, who participated in almost every other expedition of Muhammad, did not participate in Muhammad's Tabuk expedition upon Muhammad's instructions, as he held command at Medina. After arriving at Tabuk and camping there, Muhammad's army prepared to face the Byzantine invasion. Muhammad spent twenty days at Tabuk, scouting the area, making alliances with local chiefs. With no sign of the Byzantine army, he decided to return to Medina. Though Muhammad did not encounter a Byzantine army at Tabuk, according to the \"Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World\", \"this show of force demonstrated his intention to challenge the Byzantines for control of the northern part of the caravan route from Mecca to Syria\".", "The differences between the Tabuk and the Yugoslavian M72 are few; the semi-auto-only mechanism of the Tabuk is not a visually obvious difference, but is perhaps the most important. This feature dictates the rifle's role as one of precision fire and not suppressive fire. It is also important as it prevents poorly trained individuals from subjecting the barrel of a rifle intended for precision to full-auto fire, which would shorten that rifle's useful life. A more visible difference is the much lighter barrel fitted to the Tabuk. The M72's barrel is finned at the rear near the hand guards and is far heavier than that of the Tabuk (or that of a standard AKM). The thickness of the M72's barrel exists to facilitate heat distribution via mass and cooling via surface area. Since the option to fire full-auto has been omitted (and it is not typical of eastern bloc long range precision rifles to use heavy barrels for accuracy) the Tabuk, like the SVD and the PSL, has a relatively light barrel. The Tabuk differs from the M72 in some other ways. It has provision for mounting optics, though this is not an unusual accessory on Eastern Bloc weapons, and it has a skeletonized buttstock with a cheek piece. A third difference, and perhaps the most important (though not definitive) visual cue when identifying the Tabuk, is the conspicuous lack of a bipod. The M72's bipod, which is not detachable from the M72 (though sometimes removed by undisciplined troops), is quite obvious from afar when attached. It was likely removed from the Tabuk design to enhance mechanical accuracy and reduce weight, though had it been retained it might have added useful stability (practical accuracy) for long range work.", "Tabuk Sniper Rifle The Tabuk Sniper Rifle is an Iraqi Semi-automatic designated marksman's rifle, made from a modified version of the Zastava M70 assault rifle, itself a variant of the AKM. The Tabuk Rifle, like all the AKM and Dragunov SVD derivatives made in Iraq, was manufactured at the Al-Qadissiya Establishments using machinery sold to Iraq by Zastava Arms of Yugoslavia, when Saddam Hussein was president. Zastava Arms of Yugoslavia originally developed this rifle from its experience in making its M70 rifles (a variant of the AKM with some minor differences from the original), particularly the M76. All of the rifles in the M70 series share what is traditionally considered an RPK style receiver, that is the receiver is made with a thicker gauge of sheet metal formed over a larger and heavier trunnion. While this does add to weight, it has a positive effect on durability which is why the modification came about. The Yugoslavian version of the RPK, the Zastava M72, is a longer barreled member of the M70 family and is the weapon upon which the Tabuk is based. The barrel length of the Iraqi Tabuk rifle is 23.6 inches \u2013 slightly longer and thinner than a Yugoslavian M72 barrel, but much longer than a traditional AKM or the M70 (16.25 inches). The Tabuk, like the M72, has a provision for muzzle attachments in the typical Russian thread pattern of 14\u00d71mm left hand thread, which means that it can accept several variations of Soviet flash hiders and muzzle brakes, as well as Soviet-designed sound suppression devices.", "Tabuk, Saudi Arabia Tabuk ( \"\"), also spelled \"Tabouk\", is the capital city of the Tabuk Region in northwestern Saudi Arabia. It has a population of 910,030 (2016 census). It is close to the Jordanian\u2013Saudi Arabia border, and houses the largest air force base in Saudi Arabia. Ptolemy mentioned a place by the name 'Tabawa', at the northwestern corner of Arabia. This name may be a reference to 'Tabuka' or 'Tabuk'. If this is true, the town may be as old as Ptolemy's time. Pre-Islamic Arab poets, such as Antra and Nabiqa, mentioned its mountain 'Hasmi' in their poems. Tabouk became famous for its association with the battle fought in 8 AH (630 ACE), during the period of Muhammad. Since then, it remained a gateway of North Arabia. It was also visited by a number of European travelers such as Doughty in 1294 AH (1877 CE) and Huber in 1303 AH (1884 CE). Tabuk became a centre of military activity during the 1991 Gulf War as the city faced threats from Iraqi scuds and air attacks. The region is rich in antiquities and archaeological sites such as petroglyphs, inscriptions, forts, palaces, walls, Syrian-Egyptian pilgrimage route, and the remains of the Hejaz Railway line, the main station of which is located in Tabuk. Hundreds of localities with Rock art and inscriptions dating to different chronological periods and ranging from Paleolithic to the Islamic period were recorded at Wadi Dam and the region west of Tabuk. Study of the art revealed rich stylistic variability and both human and animal figures were represented in it. Tens of sites in the area with Thamudic, Greek and Nabataean inscriptions have been found.", "Tabuk, Kalinga ', (), officially the ', or simply referred to as Tabuk City, is a and capital of the province of , . According to the , it has a population of people. Tabuk City is from Manila via Cauayan/Roxas and via San Mateo/Roxas. The former municipal district of Tabuk was transformed into a regular municipality by \"Republic Act No. 533\", approved June 16, 1950. Tabuk became the Cordillera's second city after Baguio on June 23, 2007, when 17,060 voters ratified \"Republic Act No. 9404\". On November 18, 2008, the SC voted 6-5 to revert Tabuk City, among other 15 cities', status back to municipalities. However, on December 21, 2009, the Supreme Court reversed its first decision, returning the 16 back to cities. It contended that these cities were not covered by Republic Act 9009 \u2013 the law enacted in June 2001 that increased the income requirement for cities from P20 million to P100 million \u2013 as proven by transcripts of Senate debates while crafting RA 9009. But on August 24, 2010, the SC made a reversal again, reinstating its November 2008 decision. It concluded that the Local Government Code as amended by RA 9009 should be followed, without exception. Finally, on February 15, 2011, the 16 became cities again after the SC made a third reversal. This time, the High Court acknowledged, among others, that the 16 cityhood laws amended RA 9009, effectively amending the Local Government Code itself. Tabuk is politically subdivided into 42 barangays. In the , the population of Tabuk was people, with a density of ."], "answer": {"text": "Tabuk on the Syrian border.", "answer_start": 52}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened during the expedition of Tabuk?", "answer": {"text": "At Tabuk the standard of the army was entrusted to Abu Bakr.", "answer_start": 1426, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the expedition happen?", "answer": {"text": "630 AD", "answer_start": 3, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_706ee6c9f1b24be7aa241c1553bcb05e_0_q#3", "question": "What did Abu Bakr do during the expedition?", "rewrite": "What did Abu Bakr do during the expedition of Tabuk?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 630 AD Muhammad decided to lead an expedition to Tabuk on the Syrian border. In order to finance the expedition Muhammad invited contributions and donations from his followers. Uthman provided ten thousand camels. Umar made a liberal contribution. When Muhammad asked him how much he had left for himself and his family he said that he has given one half of his wealth for the cause of God and had left one half for himself and his dependents. Then Abu Bakr came loaded with his contribution and Muhammad put him the same question as to how much wealth he had for himself and his family. Abu Bakr said \"I have brought all that I had. I have left Allah and His Prophet for myself and my family\". This episode has formed the theme of one of the poems of Allama Iqbal. The last verse of this poem reads: For the moth the lamp, and for the nightingale the flower For Siddiq God and His Prophet Suffice. The call to arms was given at a very critical period. The weather was burning hot. Crops were ripe and ready for harvesting. The journey was long and arduous. Many persons preferred to stay back. In spite of these obstacles and difficulties, an army of thirty thousand persons was raised. The army assembled at Al Jorf outside Medina. Muhammad remained at Medina for some time to attend to other affairs, and at Al Jorf Abu Bakr deputised for Muhammad and led the prayers. The Muslim army reached Tabuk after a weary march. At Tabuk the standard of the army was entrusted to Abu Bakr. There were no Byzantine forces to meet the Muslims. On coming to know of the advance of the Muslim army the Byzantines had withdrawn their army well within Syria. The Muslim achieved their object without fighting a shot.", "Later that year, he participated in the Battle of Hunayn and the Siege of Ta'if. He was also part of the Tabuk campaign under the command of Muhammad himself. On their return from the Battle of Tabouk, a Christian delegation from Najran arrived in Medina and showed interest in Islam and asked Muhammad to send them a person to guide them in the matters of religion and in other tribal affairs according to Islamic laws, Abu Ubaidah was appointed by Muhammad to go with them. He was also sent as the tax collector () to Bahrain by Muhammad. He was present in Mecca when Muhammad died in 632. In the year 629 Muhammad sent 'Amr ibn al-'As to Daat al-Salaasil from where he called for reinforcements, this was known as the Expedition of Abu Ubaidah ibn al Jarrah. Muhammad sent Abu Ubaidah in command of an army that included Abu Bakr and Umar. They attacked and defeated the enemy. Later in the same year, another expedition was sent under his command to locate the routes of Qurayshi caravans. When Muhammad died in 632 the matter of his succession took place at the Saqifah of Banu Sa'ida, Abu Ubaidah was there along with Abu Bakr and Umar. Umar said to Abu Ubaidah to stretch forth his hand for the caliphate, but he refused and said to Abu Bakr to stretch forth his hand to take the pledge of alliance. After the Ridda wars when Abu Bakr sent Khalid ibn al-Walid to Iraq to conquer it, he sent four Muslim armies into the Levant, making Abu Ubaidah commander of one of them. His target was selected to be Emessa and he was ordered to move through the Tabuk region after the army of Sharjeel ibn Hassana.", "Although Abu Bakr was made sultan, the reins of power were held by an-Nasir Muhammad's senior emirs, chief among whom were his son-in-law Qawsun and Bashtak. According to historian Amalia Levanoni, Abu Bakr sought to restore the traditional concepts of \"mamluk\"-master relations and the modes of hierarchical advancement set by his grandfather Qalawun and abrogate the growing independence of the emirs that developed under his father. However, the post-Qalawun \"mamluk\" norms of conduct proved too resilient for Abu Bakr. In the view of the emirs and the low and middle-ranking \"mamluks\", Abu Bakr was to solely play the role of a figurehead and not disturb the system created by his father. Thus, Abu Bakr's attempts to rule in his own right were consistently stymied by the emirs. Of the latter, the most prominent was Qawsun, who sought to become the \"mudabbir ad-dawla\" (organizer of the state), in effect the strongman of the sultanate. After neutralizing Bashtak, his principal rival, Qawsun moved against Abu Bakr; Qawsun had feared that Abu Bakr would attempt to imprison him. On 5 August 1341, Qawsun had Abu Bakr arrested on concocted charges of frivolity. Abu Bakr and six of his brothers were subsequently sent to prison in Qus in Upper Egypt. In November 1341, Abu Bakr was executed by the governor of Qus on orders from Qawsun. After his death, Qawsun installed Abu Bakr's infant half-brother, Kujuk, as sultan and became the Kujuk's regent.", "\u2018Abdall\u0101h bin Ab\u012b Qu\u1e25\u0101fah (; 573 CE23 August 634 CE), popularly known as Abu Bakr, was a companion and a father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his daughter Aisha Abu Bakr was born in Mecca in 573 CE to Uthman Abu Quhafa and Salma Umm al-Khair. He is commonly regarded as the fourth person to have accepted Islam, after Khadija bint Khuwaylid, Ali ibn Abi Talib, and Zayd ibn Harith. Abu Bakr was present at a number of battles of Islam, such as the Battle of Badr and the Battle of Uhud; his role in the early battles of Islam has been the subject of extensive analysis by historians. Abu Bakr thus assumed power, ruling over the Rashidun Caliphate from 632 to 634 CE. Once in power, Abu Bakr launched the Ridda Wars to quell an outbreak of \"apostasy\" in various lands outside Medina. The Ridda Wars, however, were expanded to include the use of force against Muslims who did not recognize Abu Bakr's government, instead of solely focusing on those who had left Islam. After the conclusion of the Ridda Wars, Abu Bakr launched campaigns into Syria and Persia, but died before their conclusion. Other significant events during Abu Bakr's reign include an attack on Muhammad's family and the seizure of the land of Fadak from Fatimah, Muhammad's daughter. In 634 CE, Abu Bakr fell ill from a sickness and died shortly thereafter. He was succeeded by Umar. Abdul-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr (were born sometime between 595 AD to 600 AD.) was the eldest son of Abu Bakr, Abdul-Rahman is also the ancestor of Siddiqui families in South and Central Asia.", "Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr () was the son of Abu Bakr and a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. His mother was Asma bint Umays, who was a widow of Ja'far ibn Abi Talib prior to her second marriage with Abu Bakr. He became the adopted son of Ali, the fourth Rahidun caliph and the first Imam of Shiite Muslims, and became one of his generals. He was a son of Ab\u016b Bakr a\u1e63-\u1e62idd\u012bq from his marriage with Asma bint Umays. When Abu Bakr died, Asma bint Umays married Ali bin Abi Talib. Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr had a son named, Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr. Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr's wife was called Asma and she was the daughter of Abdu'l-Rahman ibn Abu Bakr who was Abu Bakr's other son. The daughter of Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr and Asma was called Fitima (Umm Farwah).. After the Battle of Siffin, Ali ibn Abi Talib appointed Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr as the Governor of Egypt, then a newly conquered province of the Islamic empire. In 658 CE (38 A.H.), Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, the then Governor of Syria, sent his general 'Amr ibn al-'As and six thousand soldiers against Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr. He hadn't proved himself to be a good governer ,Lazley hazleton writes \"Muhammad AbuBakr - Aisha's half brother-had proved a weak governer. Ali himself ruefully acknowledged that he was \"an inexperienced young man\". Muhammad asked Imam Ali for help."], "answer": {"text": "At Tabuk the standard of the army was entrusted to Abu Bakr.", "answer_start": 1426}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened during the expedition of Tabuk?", "answer": {"text": "At Tabuk the standard of the army was entrusted to Abu Bakr.", "answer_start": 1426, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the expedition happen?", "answer": {"text": "630 AD", "answer_start": 3, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was Tabuk located?", "answer": {"text": "Tabuk on the Syrian border.", "answer_start": 52, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_706ee6c9f1b24be7aa241c1553bcb05e_1_q#0", "question": "What was the Battle of Hunayn?", "rewrite": "What was the Battle of Hunayn?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Throughout the book, Hunayn explains the eye and its anatomy in minute detail; its diseases, their symptoms, their treatments. Hunain repeatedly emphasized that he believed the crystalline lens to be in the center of the eye. Hunain may have been the originator of this idea. The idea of the central crystalline lens was widely believed from Hunain's period through the late 1500s. He discusses the nature of cysts and tumors, and the swelling they cause. He discusses how to treat various corneal ulcers through surgery, and the therapy involved in repairing cataracts. \"Ten Treatises on Ophthalmology\" demonstrates the skills Hunayn ibn Ishaq had not just as a translator and a physician, but also as a surgeon. Hunayn ibn Ishaq's reputation as a scholar and translator, and his close relationship with Caliph al-Mutawakkil, led the caliph to name Hunayn as his personal physician, ending the exclusive use of physicians from the Bukhtishu family. Despite their relationship, the caliph became distrustful; at the time, there were fears of death from poisoning, and physicians were well aware of its synthesis procedure. The caliph tested Hunayn's ethics as a physician by asking him to formulate a poison, to be used against a foe, in exchange for a large sum. Hunayn ibn Ishaq repeatedly rejected the Caliph's generous offers, saying he would need time to develop a poison. Disappointed, the caliph imprisoned his physician for a year. When asked why he would rather be killed than make the drug, Hunayn explained the physician's oath required him to help, and not harm, his patients.", "Some of Hunayn's most notable translations were his translation of \"De materia Medica,\" which was technically a pharmaceutical handbook, and his most popular selection, \"Questions on Medicine\". \"Questions on Medicine\" was extremely beneficial to medical students because it was a good guide for beginners to become familiar with the fundamental aspects of medicine in order to understand the more difficult materials. Information was presented in the form of question and answer. The questions were taken from Galen's \"Art of Physic\", and the answers were based on \"Summaria Alexandrinorum\". For instance, Hunayn answers what the four elements and four humors are and also explains that medicine is divided into therapy and practice. He goes on later to define health, disease, neutrality, and also natural and contranatural, which associates with the six necessary causes to live healthy. Hunayn translated writings on agriculture, stones, and religion. He translated some of Plato's and Aristotle's works, and the commentaries of ancient Greeks. Additionally, Hunayn translated many medicinal texts and summaries, mainly those of Galen. He translated a countless number of Galen's works including \"On Sects\" and \"On Anatomy of the Veins and Arteries\". Many published works of R. Duval in Chemistry represent translations of Hunayn's work. Also in Chemistry a book titled ['An Al-Asma'] meaning \"About the Names\", did not reach researchers but was used in \"Dictionary of Ibn Bahlool\" of the 10th century. In his efforts to translate as much Greek material as possible, Hunayn ibn Ishaq was accompanied by his son Ishaq ibn Hunayn and his nephew Hubaysh.", "In his lifetime, ibn Ishaq translated 116 works, including Plato's Timaeus, Aristotle's Metaphysics, and the Old Testament, into Syriac and Arabic. Ibn Ishaq also produced 36 of his own books, 21 of which covered the field of medicine. His son Ishaq, and his nephew Hubaysh, worked together with him at times to help translate. Hunayn ibn Ishaq is known for his translations, his method of translation, and his contributions to medicine. He has also been suggested by Fran\u00e7ois Vir\u00e9 to be the true identity of the Arabic falconer Moamyn, author of \"De Scientia Venandi per Aves\". Hunayn ibn Ishaq was a Nestorian Christian, born in 809, during the Abbasid period, in al-Hirah, to an ethnic Arab family. Hunayn in classical sources is said to have belonged to the \u02bfIbad, thus his nisba \"al-Ibadi. The \u02bfIbad was an Arab community composed of different Arab tribes that had once converted to Nestorian Christianity and lived in al-Hira. They were known for their high-literacy and multilingualism being fluent in Syriac, their liturgical and cultural language, besides their native-Arabic. As a child, he learned the Syriac and Arabic languages. Although al-Hira was known for commerce and banking, and his father was a pharmacist , Hunayn went to Baghdad in order to study medicine. In Baghdad, Hunayn had the privilege to study under renowned physician Yuhanna ibn Masawayh; however, Hunayn's countless questions irritated Yuhanna, causing him to scold Hunayn and forcing him to leave. Hunayn promised himself to return to Baghdad when he became a physician.", "He went abroad to master the Latin language. On his return to Baghdad, Hunayn displayed his newly acquired skills by reciting the works of Homer and Galen. In awe, ibn Masawayh reconciled with Hunayn, and the two started to work cooperatively. Hunayn was extremely motivated in his work to master Greek studies, which enabled him to translate Greek texts into Syriac and Arabic. The Abbasid Caliph al-Mamun noticed Hunayn's talents and placed him in charge of the House of Wisdom, the Bayt al Hikmah. The House of Wisdom was an institution where Greek works were translated and made available to scholars. (Sylvain Gougenheim argued, though, that there is no evidence of Hunayn being in charge of the Bayt al Hikmah) The caliph also gave Hunayn the opportunity to travel to Byzantium in search of additional manuscripts, such as those of Aristotle and other prominent authors. In Hunayn ibn Ishaq's lifetime, he devoted himself to working on a multitude of writings; both translations and original works. Hunayn wrote on a variety of subjects that included philosophy, religion and medicine. In \"How to Grasp Religion\", Hunayn explains the truths of religion that include miracles not possibly made by humans and humans' incapacity to explain facts about some phenomena, and false notions of religion that include depression and an inclination for glory. He worked on Arabic grammar and lexicography. Hunayn ibn Ishaq enriched the field of ophthalmology. His developments in the study of the human eye can be traced through his innovative book, \"Ten Treatises on Ophthalmology\". This textbook is the first known systematic treatment of this field and was most likely used in medical schools at the time.", "Book of the Ten Treatises of the Eye Hunayn ibn Ishaq's Book of the Ten Treatises of the Eye is a 9th-century theory of vision based upon the cosmological natures of pathways from the brain to the object being perceived. This ophthalmic composition is heavily derived from Galen's \"De placitis Hippocratis at Platonis\" and \"De usu partium\", both in terms of the anatomy and physiology being described. Hunayn's triumph comes from the systematic presentation of the parts of eye and the subsequent additions he made to the cosmological aspects of the work. Its early translation to Latin also provided a means for medieval ophthalmologists in the West to come into contact with the work of Galen. There are four essential doctrines that shape Hunayn's dissertation on vision and the anatomy of the eye: Hunayn relies on these principles to build up his conception of vision, which incorporates the anatomy of the eye in a way that makes discussion of one without the other unproductive. The structure of the eye is presented as a hierarchy, starting first with the part that is most directly responsible for sight, and working down towards the parts which exists only to facilitate this function. The lens, described as white, transparent, and luminous have a composition which lends itself to quickly receive colors. As opposed to Galen's more mathematical conception of flat-like lens, Hunayn opts for a more spherical shape which allows for a larger field of vision. Hunayn repeatedly emphasized that he believed the crystalline lens to be in the exact center of the eye. Hunayn may have been the originator of this idea. The idea of the central crystalline lens was widely believed from Hunayn's period through the late 1500s."], "answer": {"text": "In the Battle of Hunayn as the Muslim army passed through the valley of Hunayn some eleven miles north east of Mecca", "answer_start": 59}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_706ee6c9f1b24be7aa241c1553bcb05e_1_q#1", "question": "What did they do when the reached there?", "rewrite": "What did the Muslim army do when the army reached Hunayn?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Murray Cammick Murray Cammick is a New Zealand popular music journalist, photographer and record label founder. He has been a significant figure in New Zealand popular music since the late 1970s. Born in Auckland, Cammick, a school teacher and collector of soul music, launched \"Rip It Up\" magazine with Alastair Dougal in July 1977 as a free magazine. Initially ignored by the local record industry, the magazine quickly found favour with local bands. It struggled to survive until CBS Records came on board with a commitment to advertise in 1978. With a staff of one for many years, Cammick operated as editor, publisher, photographer and layout artist as his readership grew. His support for early New Zealand indie labels such as Propeller Records and Flying Nun Records played a huge part in their success. \"Extra\", a short lived quarterly addition in 1980, did not survive. He launched \"Cha-Cha\", a street style magazine edited by future Academy Awards winner Ngila Dickson, in 1983 and \"Shake\", a pop magazine, in 1986. Over the years \"Rip It Up\", its magazines and its take-no-prisoners approach to journalism provided a crucial training ground for many New Zealand writers and journalists. Amongst those who received their grounding there are Louise Chunn, Russell Brown, Chris Bourke and Chad Taylor. Tax problems forced Cammick to sell the group in 1994 to publisher Barry Colman (publisher of the \"National Business Review\") but he remained as editor until 1998. In 1989 he launched the first of his record labels, Southside Records. The label released many of the earliest New Zealand hip hop recordings, including albums by the Upper Hutt Posse, Moana and the Moahunters, MC OJ & Rhythm Slave and the earliest released work of the Fuemana family (as Houseparty).", "He went abroad to master the Latin language. On his return to Baghdad, Hunayn displayed his newly acquired skills by reciting the works of Homer and Galen. In awe, ibn Masawayh reconciled with Hunayn, and the two started to work cooperatively. Hunayn was extremely motivated in his work to master Greek studies, which enabled him to translate Greek texts into Syriac and Arabic. The Abbasid Caliph al-Mamun noticed Hunayn's talents and placed him in charge of the House of Wisdom, the Bayt al Hikmah. The House of Wisdom was an institution where Greek works were translated and made available to scholars. (Sylvain Gougenheim argued, though, that there is no evidence of Hunayn being in charge of the Bayt al Hikmah) The caliph also gave Hunayn the opportunity to travel to Byzantium in search of additional manuscripts, such as those of Aristotle and other prominent authors. In Hunayn ibn Ishaq's lifetime, he devoted himself to working on a multitude of writings; both translations and original works. Hunayn wrote on a variety of subjects that included philosophy, religion and medicine. In \"How to Grasp Religion\", Hunayn explains the truths of religion that include miracles not possibly made by humans and humans' incapacity to explain facts about some phenomena, and false notions of religion that include depression and an inclination for glory. He worked on Arabic grammar and lexicography. Hunayn ibn Ishaq enriched the field of ophthalmology. His developments in the study of the human eye can be traced through his innovative book, \"Ten Treatises on Ophthalmology\". This textbook is the first known systematic treatment of this field and was most likely used in medical schools at the time.", "At this, the Muslim force, which included the newly converts of Mecca, went forward under the leadership of Muhammad, and the two armies met at the valley of Hunayn. Though at first disarrayed at the sudden attack of Hawazin, the Muslim force recollected mainly at the effort of Muhammad, and ultimately defeated the Hawazin. The latter was pursued at various directions. After Malik bin 'Awf along with his men took shelter in the fort of Ta'if, the Muslim army besieged it which however yielded no significant result, compelling them to return Medina. Meanwhile, some newly converts from the Hawazin tribe came to Muhammad and made a plea to release their women and children who had been captivated from the battlefield of Hunayn. Their request was granted by the Muslims. After the Mecca conquest and the victory at the Battle of Hunayn, the supremacy of the Muslims was somewhat established throughout the Arabian peninsula. Various tribes started to send their representatives to express their loyalty to Muhammad. In the year 9 AH (630 CE), Zakat \u2013 which is the obligatory charity in Islam \u2013 was introduced and was accepted by most of the people. A few tribes initially refused to pay it, but gradually accepted. In October 630 CE, upon receiving news that the Byzantine was gathering a large army at the Syrian area to attack Medina, and because of reports of hostility adopted against Muslims, Muhammad arranged his Muslim army, and came out to face them. On the way, they reached a place called Hijr where remnants of the ruined Thamud nation were scattered. Muhammad warned them of the sandstorm typical to the place, and forbade them not to use the well waters there. By the time they reached Tabuk, they got the news of Byzantine's retreat, or according to some sources, they came to know that the news of Byzantine gathering was wrong.", "Turning to 'Uqbah, 'Amr said that he would receive the caliph's letter from him when the army had halted after the day's journey. ' Uqbah, unaware of the contents of the letter, agreed and marched along with the army. The army halted for the night at Shajratein, a little valley near the city of El Arish, which 'Amr knew to be beyond the Egyptian border. ' Amr then received and read 'Umar's letter and went on to consult his companions as to the course of action to be adopted. The unanimous view was that as they had received the letter on Egyptian soil, they had permission to proceed. When 'Umar received the reply, he decided to watch further developments and to start concentrating fresh forces at Madinah that could be dispatched to Egypt as reinforcements. On Eid al-Adha, the Muslim army marched from Shajratein to El Arish, a small town lacking a garrison. The town put up no resistance, and the citizens offered allegiance on the usual terms. The Muslim soldiers celebrated the Eid festival there. In of December 639 or early January 640, the Muslim army reached Pelusium, a garrison city considered to be the eastern gateway to Egypt at the time. The siege of the town dragged on for two months. In February 640, an assault group, led by the prominent Huzaifah ibn Wala, successfully captured the fort and city. Armanousa, the daughter of the Egyptian governor, Cyrus, who, after fiercely resisting the Muslims in Pelusium, fell into their hands but was sent to her father in the Babylon Fortress. The losses incurred by the Muslim army were ameliorated by the number of Sinai Bedouins, who, taking the initiative, had joined them in conquering Egypt.", "In 630 he was part of Battle of Hunayn and Siege of Ta'if. In the Battle of Hunayn as the Muslim army passed through the valley of Hunayn some eleven miles north east of Mecca a rain of arrows fell on it let loose by a group of archers of the hostile tribes that lay hid in the mountain pass. Taken unaware the advance guard of the Muslim army fled in panic. There was considerable confusion, and the camels, horses and men ran into one another in the attempt to seek cover. Muhammad stood firm. There were only nine companions around him including Abu Bakr. All the rest had fled. Under the instructions of Muhammad, Abbas shouted at the top of his voice \"O Muslims come to the Prophet of Allah\". The call was heard by the Muslim soldiers and they gathered beside Muhammad. When the Muslim had gathered in sufficient number, Muhammad ordered a charge against the enemy. In the hand-to-hand fight that followed the tribes were routed and they fled to Autas. Muhammad posted a contingent to guard the Hunayn pass and led the main army to Autas. In the confrontation at Autas the tribes could not withstand the Muslim onslaught. Finding the resistance useless the tribes broke the camp and retired to Ta'if. Abu Bakr was commissioned by Muhammad to lead the attack against Ta'if. From Autas the Muslim forces set out for Ta'if. The tribes shut themselves in the fort and refused to come out in the open. The Muslim employed catapults to throw stones in the town, but this did not lead to any tangible results. The Muslim tried the testudo device whereunder a group of soldiers shielded by a cover of cowhide advanced to set fire to the gate. The enemy threw red hot scraps of iron on the testudo which made it ineffective."], "answer": {"text": "Taken unaware the advance guard of the Muslim army fled in panic.", "answer_start": 293}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was the Battle of Hunayn?", "answer": {"text": "In the Battle of Hunayn as the Muslim army passed through the valley of Hunayn some eleven miles north east of Mecca", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_706ee6c9f1b24be7aa241c1553bcb05e_1_q#2", "question": "Then what did they do?", "rewrite": "Then what did the Muslim army do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["With this, the entirety of the Al al-Ghawth had returned to the Muslim side. However, the Al Jadila remained in revolt and the Muslim commander Khalid ibn al-Walid was set to move against them. He was stopped by the intercession of Adi, who was able secure the Al Jadila's allegiance through diplomacy. The consensus in all Muslim traditions is that the Tayy of Arabia was firmly on the Muslims' side by the time of the Battle of Buzakha in September 632. The Tayy supposedly were given their own banner in the Muslim army, per their request, which was a testament to their influence since only the Ansar (core of the Muslim force) had their own banner. At the Battle of Buzakha against Tulayha, Adi and Muknif ibn Zayd, who unlike Zayd's other son Muhalhil had fought alongside the Muslims from the start, commanded the right and left wings of the Muslim army. During the Battle of the Bridge against the Sassanids in 634, another of Zayd's sons, Urwah, participated and was said by al-Baladhuri to have \"fought so fiercely that his action was estimated to be equivalent to be that of a whole group of men\". During the battle, Christian Tayy tribesmen on the Sassanid side defected to the Muslim army, preventing an imminent Muslim rout. Among those who defected were the poet Abu Zubayd at-Ta'i. Urwah later fought at the Battle of al-Qadisiyah and died fighting the Daylamites. The Al Jadila tribesmen based in Qinnasrin did not join their Arabian counterparts and fought alongside the Byzantines during the Muslim conquest of Syria.", "Turning to 'Uqbah, 'Amr said that he would receive the caliph's letter from him when the army had halted after the day's journey. ' Uqbah, unaware of the contents of the letter, agreed and marched along with the army. The army halted for the night at Shajratein, a little valley near the city of El Arish, which 'Amr knew to be beyond the Egyptian border. ' Amr then received and read 'Umar's letter and went on to consult his companions as to the course of action to be adopted. The unanimous view was that as they had received the letter on Egyptian soil, they had permission to proceed. When 'Umar received the reply, he decided to watch further developments and to start concentrating fresh forces at Madinah that could be dispatched to Egypt as reinforcements. On Eid al-Adha, the Muslim army marched from Shajratein to El Arish, a small town lacking a garrison. The town put up no resistance, and the citizens offered allegiance on the usual terms. The Muslim soldiers celebrated the Eid festival there. In of December 639 or early January 640, the Muslim army reached Pelusium, a garrison city considered to be the eastern gateway to Egypt at the time. The siege of the town dragged on for two months. In February 640, an assault group, led by the prominent Huzaifah ibn Wala, successfully captured the fort and city. Armanousa, the daughter of the Egyptian governor, Cyrus, who, after fiercely resisting the Muslims in Pelusium, fell into their hands but was sent to her father in the Babylon Fortress. The losses incurred by the Muslim army were ameliorated by the number of Sinai Bedouins, who, taking the initiative, had joined them in conquering Egypt.", "According to the Minhaj, a section of the Ganga army charged from the direction of the fort, while a concealed detachment of 200 soldiers, 50 horsemen and 5 elephants pounced on the unsuspecting Bengal Muslim army of Tughan, emerging from the thick cane bushes behind the camp. Several Muslims soldiers were killed in this attack and Tughan himself had a narrow escape with his life and was possibly wounded. The march of Narasingha Deva I's forces over the Muslim army has been described in the Ananta Vasudeva temple inscription. In a dramatic description of these events of slaughtering of a whole Muslim army by the Odia forces, the descendant of Langula Narasingha Deva, Narasingha Deva II in his Sanskrit bronze inscription of Kendupatna, mentioned ;\"\"Radha Varendra Yabani Nayanjanaasru,\" \"Pureya Dur Binibesita Kalima Srihi,\" \"Tadh Bipralamm Karayadrabhuta Nistaranga,\" \"Gangapi Nunamamuna Yamunadhunavut\u201d\" In 1244 A.D, the victorious Odia forces again seized two provinces of Varendra and Rarh situated side by side on the river Ganga and surrounded the Lakhnauti fort. The Muslim commander of the Lakhnauti fort, Fakr-Ul-Mulk-Karimuddin-Laghri, was killed along with his detachment, who tried to battle with the Odia army in the open field. According to certain records, the two provinces of Bengal were ransacked and plundered by invading forces. Many battle weapons were also seized from the Muslim Bengal Army. The Muslim governor of Awadh and a vassal of the Delhi Sultanate, Qamruddin Tamur Khan arrived to rescue of Tughan Khan by the orders received from Delhi.", "Ninghai Army The Ninghai Army, later the 26th Division (National Revolutionary Army) was a Muslim Hui army in the Republic of China commanded by General Ma Qi, who controlled the Xining area of Qinghai, then a special region of Gansu province. It was founded by Ma Qi in 1915. The Ninghai Army was made up of Hui Muslims. The name \"Ninghai\", was applied to the armies of the Republic of China around the region of Ningxia-Qinghai. Ma Qi led the Ninghai Army in November 1918 to seize and garrison Labrang monastery from the Tibetans. It left in 1927. The Tibetan Golok people, owing alleigance to Labrang, attacked the Muslim Ninghai Army several times. The Chinese had never been able to control the Goloks before. However, this time, the Muslim Ninghai Army brought their modernized weapons, and exterminated a group of Goloks. The Muslim army then called for negotiations, during which they slaughtered the Goloks, klling \"men, women and children\", and drowned thousands of them in the Yellow River. A Christian missionary praised the Muslim army for exterminating the Goloks, saying that it was \"God\", who enabled the Muslim victory. After Tibetans attacked the Ninghai Muslim army in 1922 and 1923, the Ninghai army returned in 1924 and crushed the Tibetans, killing numerous Tibetans. At Ganjia and Serchentang, General Ma Bufang defeated Tibetans under Gonpo Dondrup on 27 June 1924 and 25\u201327 April 1925. The Tibetans suffered severe casualties. In 1925, a Tibetan rebellion broke out, with thousands of Tibetans driving out the Muslims.", "Ibn Ubayy and his followers would later receive censure in the Qur'an for this act. The Muslim force, now numbering around 700, was stationed on the slopes of Uhud, facing Medina with the rear being protected by the towering mount itself. Before the battle, Muhammad had assigned 50 archers on a nearby rocky hill at the West side of the Muslim camp. This was a strategic decision in order to shield the vulnerable flanks of the outnumbered Muslim army; the archers on the hill were to protect the left flank, while the right flank was to be protected by the Mount of Uhud situated on the east side of the Muslim camp. Protecting the flanks of the Muslim army meant that the Meccan army would not be able to turn around the Muslim camp, and thus the Muslim army wouldn't be surrounded or encircled by the Meccan cavalry, keeping in mind that the Meccan cavalry outnumbered the Muslim cavalry with a 50:1 ratio. Muhammad ordered the Muslim archers to never under any circumstances leave their positions on the hill unless ordered to do so by him only, he made this order very clear by uttering these words to the archers, \"If you saw us prevail and start to take spoils, do not come to assist us. And if you saw us get vanquished and birds eat from our heads, do not come to assist us.\" The Meccan army positioned itself facing the Muslim lines, with the main body led by Abu Sufyan, and the left and right flanks commanded by Ikrimah ibn Abi-Jahl and Khalid ibn al-Walid respectively. ' Amr ibn al-'As was named the commander of cavalry and his task was to coordinate attack between the cavalry wings. They attacked with their initial charge led by the Medinan exile Abu \u2018Amir."], "answer": {"text": "Under the instructions of Muhammad, Abbas shouted at the top of his voice \"O Muslims come to the Prophet of Allah\".", "answer_start": 582}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Battle of Hunayn?", "answer": {"text": "In the Battle of Hunayn as the Muslim army passed through the valley of Hunayn some eleven miles north east of Mecca", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they do when the reached there?", "answer": {"text": "Taken unaware the advance guard of the Muslim army fled in panic.", "answer_start": 293, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_706ee6c9f1b24be7aa241c1553bcb05e_1_q#3", "question": "When did the battle happen?", "rewrite": "When did the Battle of Hunayn happen?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Book of the Ten Treatises of the Eye Hunayn ibn Ishaq's Book of the Ten Treatises of the Eye is a 9th-century theory of vision based upon the cosmological natures of pathways from the brain to the object being perceived. This ophthalmic composition is heavily derived from Galen's \"De placitis Hippocratis at Platonis\" and \"De usu partium\", both in terms of the anatomy and physiology being described. Hunayn's triumph comes from the systematic presentation of the parts of eye and the subsequent additions he made to the cosmological aspects of the work. Its early translation to Latin also provided a means for medieval ophthalmologists in the West to come into contact with the work of Galen. There are four essential doctrines that shape Hunayn's dissertation on vision and the anatomy of the eye: Hunayn relies on these principles to build up his conception of vision, which incorporates the anatomy of the eye in a way that makes discussion of one without the other unproductive. The structure of the eye is presented as a hierarchy, starting first with the part that is most directly responsible for sight, and working down towards the parts which exists only to facilitate this function. The lens, described as white, transparent, and luminous have a composition which lends itself to quickly receive colors. As opposed to Galen's more mathematical conception of flat-like lens, Hunayn opts for a more spherical shape which allows for a larger field of vision. Hunayn repeatedly emphasized that he believed the crystalline lens to be in the exact center of the eye. Hunayn may have been the originator of this idea. The idea of the central crystalline lens was widely believed from Hunayn's period through the late 1500s.", "In his lifetime, ibn Ishaq translated 116 works, including Plato's Timaeus, Aristotle's Metaphysics, and the Old Testament, into Syriac and Arabic. Ibn Ishaq also produced 36 of his own books, 21 of which covered the field of medicine. His son Ishaq, and his nephew Hubaysh, worked together with him at times to help translate. Hunayn ibn Ishaq is known for his translations, his method of translation, and his contributions to medicine. He has also been suggested by Fran\u00e7ois Vir\u00e9 to be the true identity of the Arabic falconer Moamyn, author of \"De Scientia Venandi per Aves\". Hunayn ibn Ishaq was a Nestorian Christian, born in 809, during the Abbasid period, in al-Hirah, to an ethnic Arab family. Hunayn in classical sources is said to have belonged to the \u02bfIbad, thus his nisba \"al-Ibadi. The \u02bfIbad was an Arab community composed of different Arab tribes that had once converted to Nestorian Christianity and lived in al-Hira. They were known for their high-literacy and multilingualism being fluent in Syriac, their liturgical and cultural language, besides their native-Arabic. As a child, he learned the Syriac and Arabic languages. Although al-Hira was known for commerce and banking, and his father was a pharmacist , Hunayn went to Baghdad in order to study medicine. In Baghdad, Hunayn had the privilege to study under renowned physician Yuhanna ibn Masawayh; however, Hunayn's countless questions irritated Yuhanna, causing him to scold Hunayn and forcing him to leave. Hunayn promised himself to return to Baghdad when he became a physician.", "Throughout the book, Hunayn explains the eye and its anatomy in minute detail; its diseases, their symptoms, their treatments. Hunain repeatedly emphasized that he believed the crystalline lens to be in the center of the eye. Hunain may have been the originator of this idea. The idea of the central crystalline lens was widely believed from Hunain's period through the late 1500s. He discusses the nature of cysts and tumors, and the swelling they cause. He discusses how to treat various corneal ulcers through surgery, and the therapy involved in repairing cataracts. \"Ten Treatises on Ophthalmology\" demonstrates the skills Hunayn ibn Ishaq had not just as a translator and a physician, but also as a surgeon. Hunayn ibn Ishaq's reputation as a scholar and translator, and his close relationship with Caliph al-Mutawakkil, led the caliph to name Hunayn as his personal physician, ending the exclusive use of physicians from the Bukhtishu family. Despite their relationship, the caliph became distrustful; at the time, there were fears of death from poisoning, and physicians were well aware of its synthesis procedure. The caliph tested Hunayn's ethics as a physician by asking him to formulate a poison, to be used against a foe, in exchange for a large sum. Hunayn ibn Ishaq repeatedly rejected the Caliph's generous offers, saying he would need time to develop a poison. Disappointed, the caliph imprisoned his physician for a year. When asked why he would rather be killed than make the drug, Hunayn explained the physician's oath required him to help, and not harm, his patients.", "Some of Hunayn's most notable translations were his translation of \"De materia Medica,\" which was technically a pharmaceutical handbook, and his most popular selection, \"Questions on Medicine\". \"Questions on Medicine\" was extremely beneficial to medical students because it was a good guide for beginners to become familiar with the fundamental aspects of medicine in order to understand the more difficult materials. Information was presented in the form of question and answer. The questions were taken from Galen's \"Art of Physic\", and the answers were based on \"Summaria Alexandrinorum\". For instance, Hunayn answers what the four elements and four humors are and also explains that medicine is divided into therapy and practice. He goes on later to define health, disease, neutrality, and also natural and contranatural, which associates with the six necessary causes to live healthy. Hunayn translated writings on agriculture, stones, and religion. He translated some of Plato's and Aristotle's works, and the commentaries of ancient Greeks. Additionally, Hunayn translated many medicinal texts and summaries, mainly those of Galen. He translated a countless number of Galen's works including \"On Sects\" and \"On Anatomy of the Veins and Arteries\". Many published works of R. Duval in Chemistry represent translations of Hunayn's work. Also in Chemistry a book titled ['An Al-Asma'] meaning \"About the Names\", did not reach researchers but was used in \"Dictionary of Ibn Bahlool\" of the 10th century. In his efforts to translate as much Greek material as possible, Hunayn ibn Ishaq was accompanied by his son Ishaq ibn Hunayn and his nephew Hubaysh.", "He went abroad to master the Latin language. On his return to Baghdad, Hunayn displayed his newly acquired skills by reciting the works of Homer and Galen. In awe, ibn Masawayh reconciled with Hunayn, and the two started to work cooperatively. Hunayn was extremely motivated in his work to master Greek studies, which enabled him to translate Greek texts into Syriac and Arabic. The Abbasid Caliph al-Mamun noticed Hunayn's talents and placed him in charge of the House of Wisdom, the Bayt al Hikmah. The House of Wisdom was an institution where Greek works were translated and made available to scholars. (Sylvain Gougenheim argued, though, that there is no evidence of Hunayn being in charge of the Bayt al Hikmah) The caliph also gave Hunayn the opportunity to travel to Byzantium in search of additional manuscripts, such as those of Aristotle and other prominent authors. In Hunayn ibn Ishaq's lifetime, he devoted himself to working on a multitude of writings; both translations and original works. Hunayn wrote on a variety of subjects that included philosophy, religion and medicine. In \"How to Grasp Religion\", Hunayn explains the truths of religion that include miracles not possibly made by humans and humans' incapacity to explain facts about some phenomena, and false notions of religion that include depression and an inclination for glory. He worked on Arabic grammar and lexicography. Hunayn ibn Ishaq enriched the field of ophthalmology. His developments in the study of the human eye can be traced through his innovative book, \"Ten Treatises on Ophthalmology\". This textbook is the first known systematic treatment of this field and was most likely used in medical schools at the time."], "answer": {"text": "In 630", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Battle of Hunayn?", "answer": {"text": "In the Battle of Hunayn as the Muslim army passed through the valley of Hunayn some eleven miles north east of Mecca", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they do when the reached there?", "answer": {"text": "Taken unaware the advance guard of the Muslim army fled in panic.", "answer_start": 293, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Then what did they do?", "answer": {"text": "Under the instructions of Muhammad, Abbas shouted at the top of his voice \"O Muslims come to the Prophet of Allah\".", "answer_start": 582, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f47303e24a3c4b2b95b5462023bf4963_1_q#0", "question": "What is the name of a Vanessa William album?", "rewrite": "What is the name of a Vanessa William album?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Anchor (Trespassers William album) Anchor is the first album by Trespassers William, released in 1999 on Sonikwire Records. The album is long out of print, but has found new life on iTunes, due to their exposure on \"The O.C.\" and \"One Tree Hill\". While no songs from \"Anchor\" are on either show, fans of their sound have sought out previous releases. While there is growing interest for the album to be re-printed, the band has yet to do so. The band's guitarist, Matt Brown, said on KEXP that \"...we've been hesitant to re-press it because we made it about ten years ago...\" Compared to the band's later albums, \"Different Stars\" and \"Having\", it can be seen as being more pop than the sound they later had. Tracks such as \"Cabinet\" have funk-style bass-lines. \"I Know\" and \"Washes Away\" were used in two episodes in the sixth season of television show \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" (episodes 11 and 15).", "It travels through the city via a northwest bypass and exits the city on the west end near the airport. The stretch of Highway 2 extending north from Grande Prairie to Four Mile Corner and west to the Alberta/BC border was renumbered to Highway 43 in the late 1990s to link with the rest of Highway 43 from Four Mile Corner to the Yellowhead Highway just west of Edmonton. This explains why newer maps no longer show that stretch west and a few km north of the city as Highway 2. The renumbering was also partly due to Highway 43 now being a part of the CANAMEX trade route and also due to it being widened to a four-lane divided highway for most of its length, the remaining two-lane undivided portion beginning 1.6 km east of the Highway 723 junction. Highway 40 is the primary access road into Grande Prairie from the south. Construction of a new Highway 43X bypass will skirt the northwest side of the city from Four Mile Corner to Highway 43 just west of where the airport was begun in August 2007 (\"Four Mile Corner\" is not an actual settlement - it is an intersection so-named because it is north of the intersection of Clairmont Road (100th Street) and Richmond Avenue (100th Avenue)). The construction is in two phases, with the first phase under construction and the second currently in the design stage. The first phase extends west to Range Road 63 (116 Street within city limits), while the second phase runs west from Range Road 63 south to Highway 43 west of the airport. This future bypass is intended to replace the current one. The current bypass, which was built in the late 1960s, is no longer functioning well, due to high traffic volumes and new intersections. The rapid population growth of Grande Prairie is contributing to such a high increase in vehicle traffic that traffic jams are now relatively common during peak hours.", "The film was an historical drama starring Hervey's mother Vanessa Williams as Henriette Delille, a free woman of color who was born into a prominent New Orleans family in 1813. Reportedly Hervey was also offered a role on \"Gossip Girl\" when she was 19, but declined in favor of pursuing music. In 2012, Hervey appeared in an episode of RuPaul's Drag Race, performing the song \"Glamazon\" with contestants. In December 2012, Hervey and Lucas Goodman released \"Treat Me Like Fire\", their first song as the duo Lion Babe, putting Hervey's \"towering cloud of golden curls and honeyed voice...in near-instant demand,\" according to \"Vogue Magazine\". The duo has subsequently collaborated with Pharrell Williams, Mark Ronson, and Childish Gambino. In 2014 they released another new single, \"Jungle Lady,\" with \"Essence\" saying \"Talent must run in the family. Vanessa William's daughter, singer Jillian Hervey, just released a new single, Jungle Lady, and we can't stop listening to the sultry song.\" In July 2015 Lion Babe played Lollapalooza. In 2016, Lion Babe released their first album, \"Begin\". Considering Hervey in terms of a \"carefree black girl ecosystem\" with Willow Smith, Zoe Kravitz and FKA twigs, Safy-Hallan Farah said in \"Pitchfork\" that Hervey's \"appeal is a throwback to Erykah [Badu] and Corinne Bailey Rae at the same damn time, which is quite a feat.\" The \"San Francisco Chronicle\" also compared Hervey to Badu: \"Channeling Erykah Badu's style and approach, Hervey makes tracks such as 'Whole' and 'Satisfy", "Eleven Mile Corner, Arizona Eleven Mile Corner, Arizona, is a former settlement and Rural Postal Station now largely considered to be an unincorporated portion of the city of Casa Grande, with which it now shares a common zip code. The area was so named due to its location being (by old mile markers and former city boundaries) 11 miles to the east of Casa Grande, 11 miles north of Eloy, Arizona, and 11 miles Southwest of Coolidge, Arizona. The area came to be in the early 1940s when State Hwy 87 was cut through approximately 3 miles to the East, and the existing road (now Florence Blvd.) between Casa Grande, Coolidge, and Florence was improved and became a sub-segment and by-way of Hwy 87. A second road was cut through intersecting with Florence Blvd. (now 11 Mile Corner Rd.) connecting Eloy with the O' Odam Tash Indian reservation. This intersection became Eleven Mile Corner. The community is overseen by current mayor Justin Roberts who manages community issues including farming, water and residential disputes as well as serves as community liaison to neighboring Casa Grande, Eloy and Coolidge. Two of the highest producing cotton gins of the time were established there, one dedicated to short staple Delta cotton and the other to long staple Pima cotton, both grown in abundance in the area. Several small tracts of worker housing were also built as were several larger home of local land owners and field bosses. A tavern catering to the local cowboys and field bosses was a feature for many years prior to its closing, as was a small gas station, Post Office and general store, UFW Union hall and auditorium, and migrant school. The Pinal County Fairgrounds occupy a large tract just south of the intersection, as did a dirt track auto racing venue.", "Thomas J. Cram Thomas Jefferson Cram (March 1, 1804 \u2013 December 20, 1883) was an engineer in the service of the U.S. Corps of Topographical Engineers during the American Civil War. Cram was born in Acworth, New Hampshire. He graduated from the U.S. Military Academy in 1826 and served on its faculty from 1826 to 1836. After working for the railroad industry for two years, he returned to Army service as a captain in 1838. Assigned as a topographical engineer, he worked on numerous surveys in Texas, the Upper Midwest and other western states. In Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, Cram is honored for his historic 1840 treaty with the Ojibwa Chief Ca-sha-o-sha. As part of the settlement of the \"Toledo War,\" between Michigan and Ohio, most of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan was granted to Michigan. Cram conducted a reconnaissance exploration and established the Mile Corner Zero in 1840 and the route of the line in 1841. He made a treaty for passage with Chief Ca-Sha-O-Sha and his band of Ojibwa (Chippewa) near a large tamarack tree near the Mile Corner Zero at the Brule River. This event and the tamarack tree that marked the spot of the agreement, is a Michigan historical landmark. From 1855-1858 he was the chief topographical engineer for the Department of the Pacific. In the early months of the Civil War (1861), Cram was promoted to major and then lieutenant colonel. He served as aide to General Wool from 1861\u201363 and was engaged in the campaign to capture Norfolk, Virginia, in May 1862. Lt. Col. Cram was transferred to the Army Corps of Engineers when the Topographical Engineers were disbanded in 1863, and was promoted to full colonel at the end of the war in 1865."], "answer": {"text": "\"The Right Stuff\",", "answer_start": 340}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f47303e24a3c4b2b95b5462023bf4963_1_q#1", "question": "When did \"The Right Stuff\" come out?", "rewrite": "When did the album \"The Right Stuff\" come out?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Right Stuff (TV series) The Right Stuff is an upcoming American drama television miniseries, based on the book of the same name by Tom Wolfe, that is set to premiere in 2020 on National Geographic. \"The Right Stuff\" takes a \"gritty, anti-nostalgic look at what would become America's first reality show as the obsessive original Mercury Seven astronauts and their families become instant celebrities in a competition that will either kill them or make them immortal. The one-hour drama will follow the protagonists from the Mojave Desert to the edges of space, with future seasons carrying through to humankind\u2019s greatest achievement: the moon landing.\" Starring: On July 25, 2017, it was announced that National Geographic was partnering with Appian Way Productions and Warner Horizon Television to option the screen rights to Tom Wolfe's 1979 novel \"The Right Stuff\". The series was set to be written by Will Staples who was also expected to executive produce alongside Leonardo DiCaprio and Jennifer Davisson. On February 10, 2019, it was announced during the Television Critics Association's annual winter press tour that National Geographic had given the production a series order. David Nutter was expected to direct the premiere episode. Additional executive producers were set to include Mark Lafferty and Lizzie Mickery with Lafferty also serving as showrunner. On May 31, 2019, Patrick J. Adams had been cast in the series lead role of John Glenn. On June 14, 2019, Jake McDorman and Colin O'Donoghue were cast as Alan Shepard and Gordon Cooper, respectively. On June 21, 2019, Eric Ladin, Patrick Fischler, Nora Zehetner, Eloise Mumford, Shannon Lucio, and Josh Cooke joined the cast. On August 19, 2019, Danny Strong was cast as NASA Spokesman John A. \"Shorty\" Powers.", "The Right Stuff (Vanessa Williams song) \"The Right Stuff\" is a song recorded by American singer Vanessa Williams from her 1988 debut album of the same name. The crossover single was very successful and became a top-five hit on the US Hot R&B/ Hip-Hop Songs chart, as well as making the US Hot 100. \" The Right Stuff\" also went to number one on the US Dance Club Songs chart for one week. It peaked at number 71 on the UK Singles Chart and re-entered the charts in 1989, this time peaking at number 62 with a remixed version. The video for \"The Right Stuff\" was filmed in Baton Rouge and New Orleans.", "You Got It (The Right Stuff) \"You Got It (The Right Stuff)\" is a 1988 single from New Kids on the Block. The lead vocals were sung by Jordan Knight and Donnie Wahlberg. The second single from the group's second album \"Hangin' Tough\", it peaked at number 3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Singles Chart in early 1989, while topping the UK charts in November 1989. On the album, it was simply listed as \"The Right Stuff\"; the change to the single was likely to avoid confusion with Vanessa Williams' debut hit \"The Right Stuff\", which charted earlier that year. A Spanish version of the song was made (\"Autentica\") and peaked at number 11 in Spain. The single appeared in the Top 40 for the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart the week of January 14, 1989, rising from number 45 to 37. \" You Got It\" reached its peak of number 3 the week of March 11, 1989. Altogether, \"You Got It (The Right Stuff)\" spent 5 weeks in the Top 10, 8 weeks in the Top 20, and 13 weeks in the Top 40. The song was number one in Australia in August 1989, and in the UK (on its second release) in November 1989. On March 29, 1989 the single was certified Gold. \"You've Got It (The Right Stuff) \" is commonly regarded as one of the band's signature songs. In the music video, Jordan Knight is seen wearing a Bauhaus T-shirt. The song ranked as number 92 on VH1's 100 greatest songs of the 80's. The song can be heard in the 1989 film \"The Wizard\".", "The Right Stuff (book) The Right Stuff is a 1979 book by Tom Wolfe about the pilots engaged in U.S. postwar research with experimental rocket-powered, high-speed aircraft as well as documenting the stories of the first Project Mercury astronauts selected for the NASA space program. \" The Right Stuff\" is based on extensive research by Wolfe, who interviewed test pilots, the astronauts and their wives, among others. The story contrasts the \"Mercury Seven\" and their families with test pilots such as Chuck Yeager, who was considered by many contemporaries as the best of them all, but who was never selected as an astronaut. Wolfe wrote that the book was inspired by the desire to find out why the astronauts accepted the danger of space flight. He recounts the enormous risks that test pilots were already taking, and the mental and physical characteristics\u2014the titular \"right stuff\"\u2014required for and reinforced by their jobs. Wolfe likens the astronauts to \"single combat warriors\" from an earlier era who received the honor and adoration of their people before going forth to fight on their behalf. The book was adapted as a film of the same name in 1983. A television series has entered into production with National Geographic scheduled for release in 2020. In 1972 Jann Wenner, the editor of \"Rolling Stone,\" assigned Wolfe to cover the launch of NASA's last Moon mission, Apollo 17. Wolfe became fascinated with the astronauts, and his competitive spirit compelled him to try to outdo Norman Mailer's nonfiction book about the first Moon mission, \"Of a Fire on the Moon\". He published a four-part series for \"Rolling Stone\" in 1973 titled \"Post-Orbital Remorse\", about the depression that some astronauts experienced after having been in space.", "The Right Stuff (dating web site) The Right Stuff is a dating service in New Jersey, in business since 1993. Membership is international, and limited to single students, graduates, and faculty, of medical schools, and of select universities and colleges. TIME Magazine mentioned it in a review of dating services, saying, \"If you\u2019re highly educated and seeking a highly educated partner, Right Stuff Dating ('The Ivy League of Dating') may be right for you.\" According to the Right Stuff web site, as of 2015, there are about 4,900 members, and 310 couples have met and married through the site. The Right Stuff conducted business via paper and United States postal service beginning in 1993. It advertised in magazines such as \"The New Yorker\", \"Boston\", \"New York\", \"Chicago\", and \"Philadelphia\" magazines, similar publications in Washington D.C., and California, and university alumni magazines for the target universities. The Right Stuff went to the web in 1997. Originally, membership was limited to affiliates of Ivy League, the Seven Sisters, MIT, Duke, Northwestern, Stanford, Berkeley, Chicago, and Johns Hopkins. Over time, the list of eligible universities has expanded to about 70 top-tier schools, and any medical school. Competing niche sites targeting high intelligence or graduates of elite universities have either closed entirely, no longer work with current browsers, or are otherwise essentially moribund. These include docdates.com, fastcupid.com, intellectconnect.com, ivydate.com, mymitra.com, and sweetongeeks.com. As of July 2015, a six-month membership costs $75.00. The membership is discounted for full-time students, recent graduates, and residents of certain states."], "answer": {"text": "Four years later in 1988, Williams released her debut album, The Right Stuff.", "answer_start": 244}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the name of a Vanessa William album?", "answer": {"text": "\"The Right Stuff\",", "answer_start": 340, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f47303e24a3c4b2b95b5462023bf4963_1_q#2", "question": "What is the name of a song that came from The Right Stuff album?", "rewrite": "What is the name of a song that came from The Right Stuff album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["You Got It (The Right Stuff) \"You Got It (The Right Stuff)\" is a 1988 single from New Kids on the Block. The lead vocals were sung by Jordan Knight and Donnie Wahlberg. The second single from the group's second album \"Hangin' Tough\", it peaked at number 3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Singles Chart in early 1989, while topping the UK charts in November 1989. On the album, it was simply listed as \"The Right Stuff\"; the change to the single was likely to avoid confusion with Vanessa Williams' debut hit \"The Right Stuff\", which charted earlier that year. A Spanish version of the song was made (\"Autentica\") and peaked at number 11 in Spain. The single appeared in the Top 40 for the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart the week of January 14, 1989, rising from number 45 to 37. \" You Got It\" reached its peak of number 3 the week of March 11, 1989. Altogether, \"You Got It (The Right Stuff)\" spent 5 weeks in the Top 10, 8 weeks in the Top 20, and 13 weeks in the Top 40. The song was number one in Australia in August 1989, and in the UK (on its second release) in November 1989. On March 29, 1989 the single was certified Gold. \"You've Got It (The Right Stuff) \" is commonly regarded as one of the band's signature songs. In the music video, Jordan Knight is seen wearing a Bauhaus T-shirt. The song ranked as number 92 on VH1's 100 greatest songs of the 80's. The song can be heard in the 1989 film \"The Wizard\".", "The Right Stuff (book) The Right Stuff is a 1979 book by Tom Wolfe about the pilots engaged in U.S. postwar research with experimental rocket-powered, high-speed aircraft as well as documenting the stories of the first Project Mercury astronauts selected for the NASA space program. \" The Right Stuff\" is based on extensive research by Wolfe, who interviewed test pilots, the astronauts and their wives, among others. The story contrasts the \"Mercury Seven\" and their families with test pilots such as Chuck Yeager, who was considered by many contemporaries as the best of them all, but who was never selected as an astronaut. Wolfe wrote that the book was inspired by the desire to find out why the astronauts accepted the danger of space flight. He recounts the enormous risks that test pilots were already taking, and the mental and physical characteristics\u2014the titular \"right stuff\"\u2014required for and reinforced by their jobs. Wolfe likens the astronauts to \"single combat warriors\" from an earlier era who received the honor and adoration of their people before going forth to fight on their behalf. The book was adapted as a film of the same name in 1983. A television series has entered into production with National Geographic scheduled for release in 2020. In 1972 Jann Wenner, the editor of \"Rolling Stone,\" assigned Wolfe to cover the launch of NASA's last Moon mission, Apollo 17. Wolfe became fascinated with the astronauts, and his competitive spirit compelled him to try to outdo Norman Mailer's nonfiction book about the first Moon mission, \"Of a Fire on the Moon\". He published a four-part series for \"Rolling Stone\" in 1973 titled \"Post-Orbital Remorse\", about the depression that some astronauts experienced after having been in space.", "The Right Stuff (dating web site) The Right Stuff is a dating service in New Jersey, in business since 1993. Membership is international, and limited to single students, graduates, and faculty, of medical schools, and of select universities and colleges. TIME Magazine mentioned it in a review of dating services, saying, \"If you\u2019re highly educated and seeking a highly educated partner, Right Stuff Dating ('The Ivy League of Dating') may be right for you.\" According to the Right Stuff web site, as of 2015, there are about 4,900 members, and 310 couples have met and married through the site. The Right Stuff conducted business via paper and United States postal service beginning in 1993. It advertised in magazines such as \"The New Yorker\", \"Boston\", \"New York\", \"Chicago\", and \"Philadelphia\" magazines, similar publications in Washington D.C., and California, and university alumni magazines for the target universities. The Right Stuff went to the web in 1997. Originally, membership was limited to affiliates of Ivy League, the Seven Sisters, MIT, Duke, Northwestern, Stanford, Berkeley, Chicago, and Johns Hopkins. Over time, the list of eligible universities has expanded to about 70 top-tier schools, and any medical school. Competing niche sites targeting high intelligence or graduates of elite universities have either closed entirely, no longer work with current browsers, or are otherwise essentially moribund. These include docdates.com, fastcupid.com, intellectconnect.com, ivydate.com, mymitra.com, and sweetongeeks.com. As of July 2015, a six-month membership costs $75.00. The membership is discounted for full-time students, recent graduates, and residents of certain states.", "The Right Stuff (TV series) The Right Stuff is an upcoming American drama television miniseries, based on the book of the same name by Tom Wolfe, that is set to premiere in 2020 on National Geographic. \"The Right Stuff\" takes a \"gritty, anti-nostalgic look at what would become America's first reality show as the obsessive original Mercury Seven astronauts and their families become instant celebrities in a competition that will either kill them or make them immortal. The one-hour drama will follow the protagonists from the Mojave Desert to the edges of space, with future seasons carrying through to humankind\u2019s greatest achievement: the moon landing.\" Starring: On July 25, 2017, it was announced that National Geographic was partnering with Appian Way Productions and Warner Horizon Television to option the screen rights to Tom Wolfe's 1979 novel \"The Right Stuff\". The series was set to be written by Will Staples who was also expected to executive produce alongside Leonardo DiCaprio and Jennifer Davisson. On February 10, 2019, it was announced during the Television Critics Association's annual winter press tour that National Geographic had given the production a series order. David Nutter was expected to direct the premiere episode. Additional executive producers were set to include Mark Lafferty and Lizzie Mickery with Lafferty also serving as showrunner. On May 31, 2019, Patrick J. Adams had been cast in the series lead role of John Glenn. On June 14, 2019, Jake McDorman and Colin O'Donoghue were cast as Alan Shepard and Gordon Cooper, respectively. On June 21, 2019, Eric Ladin, Patrick Fischler, Nora Zehetner, Eloise Mumford, Shannon Lucio, and Josh Cooke joined the cast. On August 19, 2019, Danny Strong was cast as NASA Spokesman John A. \"Shorty\" Powers.", "The Right Stuff (Vanessa Williams song) \"The Right Stuff\" is a song recorded by American singer Vanessa Williams from her 1988 debut album of the same name. The crossover single was very successful and became a top-five hit on the US Hot R&B/ Hip-Hop Songs chart, as well as making the US Hot 100. \" The Right Stuff\" also went to number one on the US Dance Club Songs chart for one week. It peaked at number 71 on the UK Singles Chart and re-entered the charts in 1989, this time peaking at number 62 with a remixed version. The video for \"The Right Stuff\" was filmed in Baton Rouge and New Orleans."], "answer": {"text": "\"The Right Stuff\", found success on the R&B chart, while the second single, \"He's Got the Look\", found similar success on the same chart.", "answer_start": 340}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the name of a Vanessa William album?", "answer": {"text": "\"The Right Stuff\",", "answer_start": 340, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did \"The Right Stuff\" come out?", "answer": {"text": "Four years later in 1988, Williams released her debut album, The Right Stuff.", "answer_start": 244, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_54f8b9e9d8f64246842de048dbccf9b6_1_q#0", "question": "What was the Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs Pre-Marxist period?", "rewrite": "What was the Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs Pre-Marxist period?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lukacs and Heidegger Lukacs and Heidegger: Towards a New Philosophy () is a book by Lucien Goldmann published after his death in 1973. Goldmann tries to bring together the Marxist concept of reification from Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs and the existential concept of Dasein from Martin Heidegger. He argues that the concept of Being in Heidgger, was already present in the concept of Totality in Luk\u00e1cs. Luk\u00e1cs's critique of the alienation inherent in capitalism, is thus present in Dasein as an ontological concept. Both Luk\u00e1cs and Heidegger critique the reification or thing-ification of the human dasein. Inauthentic dasein is parallel to the failure of the historical subject to awaken to praxis. Goldmann argues that the concept of reification as employed in \"Being and Time\" (1927) showed the strong influence of Luk\u00e1cs's work \"History and Class Consciousness\" (1923). The fundamental goal of both Heidegger and Luk\u00e1cs was to overcome the traditional subject-object dichotomy of Western Philosophy. Laurence Paul Hemming, writing in \"Heidegger and Marx\" (2013) , finds Goldmann's suggestion that Luk\u00e1cs influenced Heidegger to be highly unlikely at best.", "History and Class Consciousness History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics () is a 1923 book by the Hungarian philosopher Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs, in which the author re-emphasizes Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's influence on Karl Marx, analyses the concept of \"class consciousness\", and attempts a philosophical justification of Bolshevism. The book helped to create Western Marxism and is the work for which Luk\u00e1cs is best known. Some of Luk\u00e1cs's pronouncements in \"History and Class Consciousness\" have become famous. Nevertheless, it was condemned in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, and Luk\u00e1cs later repudiated its ideas, and came to believe that in it he had confused Hegel's concept of alienation with that of Marx. It has been suggested that the concept of reification as employed in Martin Heidegger's \"Being and Time\" (1927) shows the strong influence of \"History and Class Consciousness\", though such a relationship remains disputed. Luk\u00e1cs attempts a philosophical justification of Bolshevism, stressing the distinction between actual class consciousness and \"ascribed\" class consciousness, the attitudes the proletariat would have if they were aware of all of the facts. Marx's idea of class consciousness is seen as a thought which directly intervenes into social being. Claiming to return to Marx's methodology, Luk\u00e1cs re-emphasizes Hegel's influence on Marx, emphasizes dialectics over materialism, makes concepts such as alienation and reification central to his theory, and argues for the primacy of the concept of totality. Luk\u00e1cs depicts Marx as an eschatological thinker.", "Mikhail Lifshitz Mikhail Aleksandrovich Lifshitz (; July 23, 1905, in Melitopol, Tavria (Crimea) \u2013 September 28, 1983, in Moscow) was a Soviet Marxian literary critic and philosopher of art who had a long and controversial career in the former Soviet Union. In the 1930s, he strongly influenced Marxist views on aesthetics while being a close associate of Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs. He also published important compilations of early Marxist literature on the role of art. In 1975, he was elected as a full member of the USSR Academy of Arts. Born on July 23, 1905 in Melitopol, a Crimean city then part of Imperial Russia, Lifshitz began higher education as an art student at the Vkhutemas (\"Higher Art and Technical Studios\") in Moscow in the early 1920s, which was then the hotbed of Modernism. He ended his studies there in 1925 because he disagreed with his modernist oriented instructors. Instead, he was offered a teaching position there; his job was to teach Marxist philosophy to artists. He pursued an analysis of aesthetics from a fundamentally Marxist perspective. His ideas became controversial at Vkhutemas, so he had to leave in 1930. He was offered a job instead at the Moscow's Marx-Engels Institute, where he developed a working relationship with the great Marxist philosopher Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs. Lukacs, himself, admitted that he was influenced by Lifshitz' views on Marxist aesthetics. Starting in 1933, he edited an influential Moscow magazine \"The Literary Critic\" (\"Literaturny Kritik\"), that was also followed by Marxist art theoreticians around the world through various translations published by Soviet government.", "Western Marxism Western Marxism is a current of Marxist theory arising from Western and Central Europe in the aftermath of the 1917 October Revolution in Russia and the ascent of Leninism. The term denotes a loose collection of theorists who advanced an interpretation of Marxism distinct from that codified by the Soviet Union. The Western Marxists placed more emphasis on Marxism's philosophical and sociological aspects, and the origins of Marx's thought in the philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (for which reason it is sometimes called Hegelian Marxism) and what they called \"Young Marx\" (i.e. the more humanistic early works of Marx). Although some early figures such as Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs and Antonio Gramsci had been prominent in political activities, Western Marxism became primarily the reserve of academia especially after World War II. Prominent figures included Walter Benjamin, Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer. Since the 1960s, the concept has been closely associated with the New Left. While many of the Western Marxists were adherents of Marxist humanism, the term also encompasses their critics in the form of the structural Marxism of Louis Althusser. The phrase \"Western Marxism\" was coined in 1953 by Maurice Merleau-Ponty. While it is often contrasted with the Marxism of the Soviet Union, Western Marxists have been divided in their opinion of it and other Marxist-Leninist states. Although there have been many schools of Marxist thought that are sharply distinguished from Marxism\u2013Leninism, such as Austromarxism or the Left Communism of Antonie Pannekoek, the theorists who downplay the primacy of economic analysis are considered Western Marxists, as they focus on areas such as culture, philosophy and art. Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs's \"History and Class Consciousness\" and Karl Korsch's \"Marxism and Philosophy\", published in 1923, are the works that inaugurated Western Marxism.", "Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs bibliography There follows a bibliography of Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs. Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs (13 April 1885 \u2013 4 June 1971) was a Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. A date in brackets is that of the original publication in Hungarian or German."], "answer": {"text": "in Budapest, Lukacs was part of socialist intellectual circles", "answer_start": 21}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_54f8b9e9d8f64246842de048dbccf9b6_1_q#1", "question": "What were the circles called", "rewrite": "What were the socialist intellectual circles called where Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs was a part of?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["History and Class Consciousness History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics () is a 1923 book by the Hungarian philosopher Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs, in which the author re-emphasizes Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's influence on Karl Marx, analyses the concept of \"class consciousness\", and attempts a philosophical justification of Bolshevism. The book helped to create Western Marxism and is the work for which Luk\u00e1cs is best known. Some of Luk\u00e1cs's pronouncements in \"History and Class Consciousness\" have become famous. Nevertheless, it was condemned in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, and Luk\u00e1cs later repudiated its ideas, and came to believe that in it he had confused Hegel's concept of alienation with that of Marx. It has been suggested that the concept of reification as employed in Martin Heidegger's \"Being and Time\" (1927) shows the strong influence of \"History and Class Consciousness\", though such a relationship remains disputed. Luk\u00e1cs attempts a philosophical justification of Bolshevism, stressing the distinction between actual class consciousness and \"ascribed\" class consciousness, the attitudes the proletariat would have if they were aware of all of the facts. Marx's idea of class consciousness is seen as a thought which directly intervenes into social being. Claiming to return to Marx's methodology, Luk\u00e1cs re-emphasizes Hegel's influence on Marx, emphasizes dialectics over materialism, makes concepts such as alienation and reification central to his theory, and argues for the primacy of the concept of totality. Luk\u00e1cs depicts Marx as an eschatological thinker.", "Among his valued interlocutors were Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs, Oszk\u00e1r J\u00e1szi, Georg Simmel, Martin Heidegger, Edmund Husserl, Karl Marx, Alfred and Max Weber, Max Scheler, and Wilhelm Dilthey. In his work, he sought variously to synthesize elements derived from German historicism, Marxism, phenomenology, sociology, and Anglo-American pragmatism. Mannheim died on January 9, 1947 at the age of 53 due to a congenitally weak heart in London. Shortly before his death, he was invited to be the head of the European UNESCO, an offer he was unfortunately not able to accept. He was cremated at Golder's Green Crematorium and his ashes were placed in the columbarium there in an urn, which were later mixed with those of his wife. He was originally placed opposite Sigmund Freud as a planned pairing, but Freud was later relocated. Mannheim was a precocious scholar and an accepted member of two influential intellectual circles in Budapest. In the autumn of 1915, he was the youngest founding member of the Sonntagskreis (Sunday Circle) alongside B\u00e9la Bal\u00e1zs, Lajos F\u00fclep, and Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs, where a wide range of literary and philosophical topics where discussed. Some discussion focused on the enthusiasms of German diagnosticians of cultural crisis, notably the novels of Fyodor Dostoyevsky and the writings of the German mystics. The Social Science Association, on the other hand, was founded by Oszk\u00e1r J\u00e1szi in 1919 and was interested above all in French and English sociological writings. Mannheim's Hungarian writings, notably his doctoral dissertation \"Structural Analysis of Epistemology,\" anticipate his lifelong search for \"synthesis\" between these currents.", "Lukacs and Heidegger Lukacs and Heidegger: Towards a New Philosophy () is a book by Lucien Goldmann published after his death in 1973. Goldmann tries to bring together the Marxist concept of reification from Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs and the existential concept of Dasein from Martin Heidegger. He argues that the concept of Being in Heidgger, was already present in the concept of Totality in Luk\u00e1cs. Luk\u00e1cs's critique of the alienation inherent in capitalism, is thus present in Dasein as an ontological concept. Both Luk\u00e1cs and Heidegger critique the reification or thing-ification of the human dasein. Inauthentic dasein is parallel to the failure of the historical subject to awaken to praxis. Goldmann argues that the concept of reification as employed in \"Being and Time\" (1927) showed the strong influence of Luk\u00e1cs's work \"History and Class Consciousness\" (1923). The fundamental goal of both Heidegger and Luk\u00e1cs was to overcome the traditional subject-object dichotomy of Western Philosophy. Laurence Paul Hemming, writing in \"Heidegger and Marx\" (2013) , finds Goldmann's suggestion that Luk\u00e1cs influenced Heidegger to be highly unlikely at best.", "Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs bibliography There follows a bibliography of Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs. Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs (13 April 1885 \u2013 4 June 1971) was a Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. A date in brackets is that of the original publication in Hungarian or German.", "Risk\", Goldmann wrote in his classic study of Pascal's \"Pens\u00e9es\" and Jean Racine's Ph\u00e8dre, \"is possibility of failure, hope of success, and the synthesis of the three in a faith which is a wager are the essential constituent elements of the human condition\". He called his work \"dialectical\" and \"humanist.\" He sought to synthesize the genetic epistemology of Piaget with the Marxism of Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs; he was the founder of the theory of genetic structuralism which he developed in the 1960s. Lucien Goldmann was a humanist socialist, disciple of Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs, his sociology of literature in an important critic of structuralism."], "answer": {"text": "From 1904 to 1908, he was part of a theatre troupe that produced modernist, psychologically realistic plays by Henrik Ibsen, August Strindberg, and Gerhart Hauptmann.", "answer_start": 341}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs Pre-Marxist period?", "answer": {"text": "in Budapest, Lukacs was part of socialist intellectual circles", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_54f8b9e9d8f64246842de048dbccf9b6_1_q#2", "question": "Are there any interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than Pre-Marxist period, are there any interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Republic of the Congo\u2013 United States relations Republic of the Congo\u2013 United States relations are the international relations between the Republic of the Congo and the United States of America. The Republic of the Congo was recognized by the United States on the day of its independence, 15 August 1960. Diplomatic relations between the United States and Congo were broken during the most radical Congolese-Marxist period, 1965-77. The U.S. Embassy reopened in 1977 with the restoration of relations, which remained distant until the end of the socialist era. The late 1980s were marked by a progressive warming of Congolese relations with Western countries, including the United States. Congolese President Denis Sassou-Nguesso made a state visit to Washington in 1990, where he was received by President George H. W. Bush. Emmanuel Damongo-Dadet served as the first Congolese Ambassador to the United States during the early 1960s. With the advent of democracy in 1991, Congo's relations with the United States improved and were cooperative. The United States has supported Congolese democratization efforts, contributing aid to the country's electoral process. The Congolese Government demonstrated an active interest in deepening and broadening its relations with the United States. Transition Prime Minister Andre Milongo made an official visit to Washington in 1992, where President Bush received him at the White House. Then-presidential candidate Pascal Lissouba travelled to Washington in 1992, meeting with officials, including Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs Herman J. Cohen. After his election in August 1992, President Lissouba expressed interest in expanding U.S.-Congo links, seeking increased U.S. development aid, university exchanges, and greater U.S. investment in Congo. With the outbreak of the 1996 war, the U.S. Embassy was evacuated. The Embassy was closed, and its personnel became resident in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.", "According to Miasnikian, Nalbandian was an agrarian and utopian socialist, who \"came close to modern materialism,\" which Miasinikian considers a great achievement. He also called Nalbandian a friend of the Armenian proletariat and peasantry. Soviet Armenian critics elevated Nalbandian to the status of a visionary for his left-wing and anti-clerical views. Daronian called him the founder of Armenian realism and criticism. Soviet Armenian philologist Aram Inchikian called him \"the greatest figure of Armenian social thought of the pre-Marxist period and the precursor of social democracy in our reality.\" Historian H. Aslanian described him as a \"militant materialist, the greatest figure in pre-Marxist materialist thought in Armenian reality, and irreconcilable enemy of all idealistic, reactionary views.\" Ashot Hovhannisian, an early Armenian Marxist and the first Education Minister of Soviet Armenia (1920\u201321), wrote a two volume book entitled \"Nalbandian and his time\" (\u00ab\u0546\u0561\u056c\u0562\u0561\u0576\u0564\u0575\u0561\u0576\u0568 \u0587 \u0576\u0580\u0561 \u056a\u0561\u0574\u0561\u0576\u0561\u056f\u0568\u00bb, 1955\u201356). In 1979 a scientific conference on Nalbandian's 150th anniversary was held at the Armenian Academy of Sciences. In 1921, in the first year of Soviet rule, one of the central of Yerevan was renamed after Nalbandian. A public in Yerevan was renamed in his honor in 1941. In 1949 the Pedagogical Institute of Leninakan (current Gyumri) was renamed after Nalbandian. In 1950 a village known as Shahriar was renamed Nalbandian in his honor. In 1965 a bronze of Nalbandian was erected in Yerevan.", "Apart from Confucius, he was also influenced by the prominent early Song Dynasty neo-Confucians Zhang Zai and Zhu Xi. Wang\u2019s metaphysics is a version of materialism. He argued that only qi ( or ch'i; energy or material force) exists; li (, principle, form, or idea), which was the central concept in the orthodox neo-Confucian thought of Zhu Xi, for example, doesn't exist independently, being simply the principle of qi. In this his metaphysics represents a continuation and development of that of Zhang Zai, as expressed most clearly in his \"Commentary on Master Zhang's Correcting Ignorance\", and has also been highly regarded as 'proto-materialist' in the Marxist period in the PRC after 1949. Wang's metaphysical ideas led him to a naturalist moral philosophy (which brought him a lot of popularity in modern China). It was that there are no values in nature; virtues and values are assigned to objects and actions by human beings. In particular, human desires are not inherently evil; they're not only unavoidable, being an essential part of our nature, but can be beneficial \u2014 the moral nature of human beings being grounded in our feelings for others. It's only lack of moderation that leads to problems. Human desires comprise the main example of our relationship \u2013 as material beings \u2013 with the material world in which we live, and human nature develops out of our initial material nature together with the changes that we undergo as a result of our interactions with the world. Wang laid great stress on the need for both experience and reason: we must study the world using our senses, and reason carefully about it. Knowledge and action are intertwined, and acting is the ground of knowing. The gaining of knowledge is a slow and laborious process, there are no instances of sudden enlightenment.", "Martin Shaw (sociologist) Martin Shaw (born 30 June 1947 in Driffield, Yorkshire) is a British sociologist and academic. He is a research professor of international relations at the Institut Barcelona d'Estudis Internacionals, emeritus professor of international relations and politics at Sussex University and a professorial fellow in international relations and human rights at Roehampton University. He is best known for his sociological work on war, genocide and global politics. Educated at Catholic grammar schools in Northern England (his father Roy Shaw and mother had converted to Catholicism), Shaw studied sociology at the London School of Economics, graduating in 1968. He was a member of the editorial board of the Catholic left-wing journal, \"Slant\" (1965\u201367), for which his first articles were written, but left the Catholic Church in 1967. In his Marxist period in the 1970s, Shaw published \"Marxism versus Sociology: A Guide to Reading\" and \"Marxism and Social Science: The Roots of Social Science\". However, he developed a critique of Marxism, which he saw as incapable of fully analysing the problem of war, as he argued in \"Socialism and Militarism\". He pioneered a new sociology of war and militarism, in his edited volume, \"War, State and Society\" and in \"Dialectics of War\". In the 1990s he published two studies in this area: \"Post-Military Society\" and \"Civil Society and Media in Global Crises\", a study of British responses to the 1991 Gulf War. Shaw also entered debates in international relations, with his co-edited book \"State and Society in International Relations\" (1991) and his books \"Global Society and International Relations\" and \"Theory of the Global State: Globality as Unfinished Revolution\".", "During the period immediately following the Long March, Mao and the Communist Party of China (CPC) were headquartered in Yan'an, which is a prefecture-level city in Shaanxi province. During this period, Mao clearly established himself as a Marxist theoretician and he produced the bulk of the works which would later be canonized into the \"thought of Mao Zedong\". The rudimentary philosophical base of Chinese Communist ideology is laid down in Mao's numerous dialectical treatises and it was conveyed to newly recruited party members. This period truly established ideological independence from Moscow for Mao and the CPC. Although the Yan'an period did answer some of the questions, both ideological and theoretical, which were raised by the Chinese Communist Revolution, it left many of the crucial questions unresolved; including how the Communist Party of China was supposed to launch a socialist revolution while completely separated from the urban sphere. Mao's Intellectual Marxist development can be divided into five major periods: (1) the initial Marxist period from 1920\u20131926; (2) the formative Maoist period from 1927\u20131935; (3) the mature Maoist period from 1935\u20131940; (4) the Civil-War period from 1940\u20131949; and (5) the post-1949 period following the revolutionary victory. The two differences between Maoism and Marxism are how the proletariat are defined and what political and economic conditions would start a communist revolution: The theory of the New Democracy was known to the Chinese revolutionaries from the late 1940s. This thesis held that for the majority of the people of the planet, the long road to socialism could only be opened by a \"national, popular, democratic, anti-feudal and anti-imperialist revolution, run by the communists\"."], "answer": {"text": "Lukacs spent much time in Germany,", "answer_start": 508}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs Pre-Marxist period?", "answer": {"text": "in Budapest, Lukacs was part of socialist intellectual circles", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the circles called", "answer": {"text": "From 1904 to 1908, he was part of a theatre troupe that produced modernist, psychologically realistic plays by Henrik Ibsen, August Strindberg, and Gerhart Hauptmann.", "answer_start": 341, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_54f8b9e9d8f64246842de048dbccf9b6_1_q#3", "question": "Why did he spend alot of time in germany", "rewrite": "Why did Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs spend alot of time in germany", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mikhail Lifshitz Mikhail Aleksandrovich Lifshitz (; July 23, 1905, in Melitopol, Tavria (Crimea) \u2013 September 28, 1983, in Moscow) was a Soviet Marxian literary critic and philosopher of art who had a long and controversial career in the former Soviet Union. In the 1930s, he strongly influenced Marxist views on aesthetics while being a close associate of Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs. He also published important compilations of early Marxist literature on the role of art. In 1975, he was elected as a full member of the USSR Academy of Arts. Born on July 23, 1905 in Melitopol, a Crimean city then part of Imperial Russia, Lifshitz began higher education as an art student at the Vkhutemas (\"Higher Art and Technical Studios\") in Moscow in the early 1920s, which was then the hotbed of Modernism. He ended his studies there in 1925 because he disagreed with his modernist oriented instructors. Instead, he was offered a teaching position there; his job was to teach Marxist philosophy to artists. He pursued an analysis of aesthetics from a fundamentally Marxist perspective. His ideas became controversial at Vkhutemas, so he had to leave in 1930. He was offered a job instead at the Moscow's Marx-Engels Institute, where he developed a working relationship with the great Marxist philosopher Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs. Lukacs, himself, admitted that he was influenced by Lifshitz' views on Marxist aesthetics. Starting in 1933, he edited an influential Moscow magazine \"The Literary Critic\" (\"Literaturny Kritik\"), that was also followed by Marxist art theoreticians around the world through various translations published by Soviet government.", "Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs bibliography There follows a bibliography of Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs. Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs (13 April 1885 \u2013 4 June 1971) was a Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. A date in brackets is that of the original publication in Hungarian or German.", "Lukacs and Heidegger Lukacs and Heidegger: Towards a New Philosophy () is a book by Lucien Goldmann published after his death in 1973. Goldmann tries to bring together the Marxist concept of reification from Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs and the existential concept of Dasein from Martin Heidegger. He argues that the concept of Being in Heidgger, was already present in the concept of Totality in Luk\u00e1cs. Luk\u00e1cs's critique of the alienation inherent in capitalism, is thus present in Dasein as an ontological concept. Both Luk\u00e1cs and Heidegger critique the reification or thing-ification of the human dasein. Inauthentic dasein is parallel to the failure of the historical subject to awaken to praxis. Goldmann argues that the concept of reification as employed in \"Being and Time\" (1927) showed the strong influence of Luk\u00e1cs's work \"History and Class Consciousness\" (1923). The fundamental goal of both Heidegger and Luk\u00e1cs was to overcome the traditional subject-object dichotomy of Western Philosophy. Laurence Paul Hemming, writing in \"Heidegger and Marx\" (2013) , finds Goldmann's suggestion that Luk\u00e1cs influenced Heidegger to be highly unlikely at best.", "Western Marxism Western Marxism is a current of Marxist theory arising from Western and Central Europe in the aftermath of the 1917 October Revolution in Russia and the ascent of Leninism. The term denotes a loose collection of theorists who advanced an interpretation of Marxism distinct from that codified by the Soviet Union. The Western Marxists placed more emphasis on Marxism's philosophical and sociological aspects, and the origins of Marx's thought in the philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (for which reason it is sometimes called Hegelian Marxism) and what they called \"Young Marx\" (i.e. the more humanistic early works of Marx). Although some early figures such as Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs and Antonio Gramsci had been prominent in political activities, Western Marxism became primarily the reserve of academia especially after World War II. Prominent figures included Walter Benjamin, Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer. Since the 1960s, the concept has been closely associated with the New Left. While many of the Western Marxists were adherents of Marxist humanism, the term also encompasses their critics in the form of the structural Marxism of Louis Althusser. The phrase \"Western Marxism\" was coined in 1953 by Maurice Merleau-Ponty. While it is often contrasted with the Marxism of the Soviet Union, Western Marxists have been divided in their opinion of it and other Marxist-Leninist states. Although there have been many schools of Marxist thought that are sharply distinguished from Marxism\u2013Leninism, such as Austromarxism or the Left Communism of Antonie Pannekoek, the theorists who downplay the primacy of economic analysis are considered Western Marxists, as they focus on areas such as culture, philosophy and art. Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs's \"History and Class Consciousness\" and Karl Korsch's \"Marxism and Philosophy\", published in 1923, are the works that inaugurated Western Marxism.", "History and Class Consciousness History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics () is a 1923 book by the Hungarian philosopher Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs, in which the author re-emphasizes Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's influence on Karl Marx, analyses the concept of \"class consciousness\", and attempts a philosophical justification of Bolshevism. The book helped to create Western Marxism and is the work for which Luk\u00e1cs is best known. Some of Luk\u00e1cs's pronouncements in \"History and Class Consciousness\" have become famous. Nevertheless, it was condemned in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, and Luk\u00e1cs later repudiated its ideas, and came to believe that in it he had confused Hegel's concept of alienation with that of Marx. It has been suggested that the concept of reification as employed in Martin Heidegger's \"Being and Time\" (1927) shows the strong influence of \"History and Class Consciousness\", though such a relationship remains disputed. Luk\u00e1cs attempts a philosophical justification of Bolshevism, stressing the distinction between actual class consciousness and \"ascribed\" class consciousness, the attitudes the proletariat would have if they were aware of all of the facts. Marx's idea of class consciousness is seen as a thought which directly intervenes into social being. Claiming to return to Marx's methodology, Luk\u00e1cs re-emphasizes Hegel's influence on Marx, emphasizes dialectics over materialism, makes concepts such as alienation and reification central to his theory, and argues for the primacy of the concept of totality. Luk\u00e1cs depicts Marx as an eschatological thinker."], "answer": {"text": "studied in Berlin from 1906 to 1910,", "answer_start": 547}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs Pre-Marxist period?", "answer": {"text": "in Budapest, Lukacs was part of socialist intellectual circles", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the circles called", "answer": {"text": "From 1904 to 1908, he was part of a theatre troupe that produced modernist, psychologically realistic plays by Henrik Ibsen, August Strindberg, and Gerhart Hauptmann.", "answer_start": 341, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Lukacs spent much time in Germany,", "answer_start": 508, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_54f8b9e9d8f64246842de048dbccf9b6_1_q#4", "question": "Did he go to college?", "rewrite": "Did Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs go to college?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["History and Class Consciousness History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics () is a 1923 book by the Hungarian philosopher Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs, in which the author re-emphasizes Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's influence on Karl Marx, analyses the concept of \"class consciousness\", and attempts a philosophical justification of Bolshevism. The book helped to create Western Marxism and is the work for which Luk\u00e1cs is best known. Some of Luk\u00e1cs's pronouncements in \"History and Class Consciousness\" have become famous. Nevertheless, it was condemned in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, and Luk\u00e1cs later repudiated its ideas, and came to believe that in it he had confused Hegel's concept of alienation with that of Marx. It has been suggested that the concept of reification as employed in Martin Heidegger's \"Being and Time\" (1927) shows the strong influence of \"History and Class Consciousness\", though such a relationship remains disputed. Luk\u00e1cs attempts a philosophical justification of Bolshevism, stressing the distinction between actual class consciousness and \"ascribed\" class consciousness, the attitudes the proletariat would have if they were aware of all of the facts. Marx's idea of class consciousness is seen as a thought which directly intervenes into social being. Claiming to return to Marx's methodology, Luk\u00e1cs re-emphasizes Hegel's influence on Marx, emphasizes dialectics over materialism, makes concepts such as alienation and reification central to his theory, and argues for the primacy of the concept of totality. Luk\u00e1cs depicts Marx as an eschatological thinker.", "Lajos J\u00e1nossy Lajos J\u00e1nossy (2 March 1912, Budapest \u2013 2 March 1978, Budapest) was a Hungarian physicist, astrophysicist and mathematician and a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. His primary research fields were astrophysics, nuclear physics, quantum mechanics, mathematical physics, and statistics, as well as electrodynamics and optics. J\u00e1nossy was the adopted son of influential Marxist philosopher and politician Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs (1885\u20131971). He was also the brother of the economist and engineer Ferenc J\u00e1nossy (1914\u20131997). He married the physicist Leonie Kahn (1913-1966) who he met during his studies in Berlin: together they were parents to physicists Mih\u00e1ly J\u00e1nossy (1942\u20132004), Andr\u00e1s J\u00e1nossy (1944), also a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and Istv\u00e1n J\u00e1nossy (1945), as well as Anna J\u00e1nossy (1938-1999), a medical researcher. After the 1919 fall of the early Hungarian Soviet Republic, his mother and stepfather, Gertr\u00fad Borstieber and Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs, left the country together, and moved to Vienna. Thus, from the age of 6, J\u00e1nossy lived abroad: he attended university in Vienna and, later, in Berlin. He worked in the laboratory of Werner Kolh\u00f6rster in Berlin (1934\u20131936) focusing on astrophysics until he and his wife had to move again, feeling Nazism. He started working with P.M.S. Blackett \u2014 who became a Nobel laureate in 1948 \u2014 concentrating on cosmic radiation at Birkbeck College in London, heading the cosmic radiation research group and later at Manchester University.", "After a period as an independent, he announced in 2008 to become again member of the Democratic Left Party. In 2009 he founded a new political movement called Turkey's Change Movement (\"T\u00fcrkiye De\u011fi\u015fim Hareketi\") and began to transform it into a new political party. Since Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu is the party leader, Sar\u0131g\u00fcl cooperates within the CHP. He unsuccessfully ran for mayor of the metropolitan municipality of Istanbul from the Republican People's Party in the local elections of 2014. In the local elections of 2019 he ran for mayor of \u015ei\u015fli for the DSP and reached the 2nd place. Mustafa Sar\u0131g\u00fcl first wife G\u00fcls\u00fcm K\u00f6ksalo\u011flu died early. He has divorced from his second wife Aylin Kotil in 2008 and has two children. Sarigul was elected into the Turkish Parliament in 1987 as the youngest MP and as member of SHP. Another MP from SHP, Tevfik Kocak, made a request to investigate corruption and bribery charges related to the procurement of military aircraft. Claims are made later by Tevfik Kocak, that Sarigul made another request to the parliament falsifying Kocak's signature to withdraw the claim about the corruption charges. Sarigul was dismissed from SHP in 1992. Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi prepared a report in 2005 with details of bribery and corruption claims in the Sisli municipality. It was dismissed from the CHP in 2005. Can Atakli, a columnist applying to CHP, running for mayorship in Istanbul in 2013, questioned Sarigul's connections with Soros and Gulen Movement, requesting Sarigul to publicize the financial support he receives from businessmen. Mustafa Sar\u0131g\u00fcl is author of two books;", "Lukacs and Heidegger Lukacs and Heidegger: Towards a New Philosophy () is a book by Lucien Goldmann published after his death in 1973. Goldmann tries to bring together the Marxist concept of reification from Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs and the existential concept of Dasein from Martin Heidegger. He argues that the concept of Being in Heidgger, was already present in the concept of Totality in Luk\u00e1cs. Luk\u00e1cs's critique of the alienation inherent in capitalism, is thus present in Dasein as an ontological concept. Both Luk\u00e1cs and Heidegger critique the reification or thing-ification of the human dasein. Inauthentic dasein is parallel to the failure of the historical subject to awaken to praxis. Goldmann argues that the concept of reification as employed in \"Being and Time\" (1927) showed the strong influence of Luk\u00e1cs's work \"History and Class Consciousness\" (1923). The fundamental goal of both Heidegger and Luk\u00e1cs was to overcome the traditional subject-object dichotomy of Western Philosophy. Laurence Paul Hemming, writing in \"Heidegger and Marx\" (2013) , finds Goldmann's suggestion that Luk\u00e1cs influenced Heidegger to be highly unlikely at best.", "Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs bibliography There follows a bibliography of Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs. Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs (13 April 1885 \u2013 4 June 1971) was a Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. A date in brackets is that of the original publication in Hungarian or German."], "answer": {"text": "at university in Budapest,", "answer_start": 7}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs Pre-Marxist period?", "answer": {"text": "in Budapest, Lukacs was part of socialist intellectual circles", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the circles called", "answer": {"text": "From 1904 to 1908, he was part of a theatre troupe that produced modernist, psychologically realistic plays by Henrik Ibsen, August Strindberg, and Gerhart Hauptmann.", "answer_start": 341, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Lukacs spent much time in Germany,", "answer_start": 508, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he spend alot of time in germany", "answer": {"text": "studied in Berlin from 1906 to 1910,", "answer_start": 547, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d96eb89da0ff47da9aa617887eb6c7a8_0_q#1", "question": "What Shows was she in on Broadway?", "rewrite": "What shows was Keira Knightley in on Broadway?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The BBFC has classified the film as a 12A, citing the scene of implied marital rape, which is \"delivered through Georgiana's screams of protest, heard from outside the bedroom door. \" The BBFC's PG rating allows implied sex as long as it is discreet and infrequent; the board decided that the scene in \"The Duchess\" is more than \"discreet\" or \"implied\". The film had its world premiere on 3 September 2008, in Leicester Square and was released nationwide in the United Kingdom on 5 September. The film received mostly positive reviews. Rotten Tomatoes gives a score of 61% based on 168 reviews, with an average rating of 6.25/10. The site's consensus reads: \"While \"The Duchess\" treads the now-familiar terrain of the corset-ripper, the costumes look great and Keira Knightley's performance is stellar in this subtly feminist, period drama.\" Most reviewers highly praised Knightley and Fiennes' performances. \" Time Out London\" wrote: \"[Saul Dibb] is also helped enormously by a mature, restrained portrayal from Knightley, a masterclass in passive aggression from Fiennes and a performance of tender seduction from Atwell.\" \"The Epoch Times\" writes, \"Ralph Fiennes brings a human quality to [the Duke] by avoiding any intent, exaggeration or ill will\" and \"Keira Knightley's performance gains new depth \u2013 she not only perfectly portrays a witty and feminine Georgiana early in the film, but also a caring mother, and an abandoned woman later on. Also remarkable in this role is Knightley's ability to portray the strengths, weaknesses, and the internal hurdles of Georgiana, as well as her internal contemplation.\" Film Ireland writes \"It is a slow movie", "Plum Vera Wang dress of Keira Knightley The Plum Vera Wang dress of Keira Knightley refers to the evening gown worn by British actor Keira Knightley at the 78th Academy Awards on March 5, 2006. The full-length taffeta dress was created by designer Vera Wang and had a single shoulder strap and fishtail skirt. It was accessorised with a Bulgari necklace. In a subsequent poll by British retail chain Debenhams published in \"The Daily Telegraph\", the dress was voted the 6th greatest red carpet gown of all time. \"Cosmopolitan\" magazine also cited it as one of the Best Oscar dresses of all time, saying Knightley looked: \"super-graceful in this eggplant taffeta gown custom-made by Vera Wang.\"", "Leith Clark Leith Clark (born 1979) is a Canadian born English fashion stylist, editor, and fashion journalist. She is best known as the founder and editor of \"Lula Magazine\" as well as the founder and editor of \"Violet Book\", a UK based fashion and lifestyle magazine. Clark interned for \"Interview Magazine\" as a teenager before moving to \"Vogue UK\". Clark founded fashion magazine \"Lula\" in 2005. Clark credited her creation of \"Lula\" with her frustration with the sexualization of women in fashion magazines, wanting instead to make \"a magazine of women looking at women, without that competitiveness and that hard edge that we think we need as we get older.\" In 2013 Clark announced that she was resigning as Lula's editor-in-chief. Instead she was leaving to create a new type of magazine for older women. That project would be \"Violet Book\", which Clark launched in 2014. Clark admitted in an interview that the magazine was inspired by \"the way youth is over-celebrated.\" Clark has been the Style Director At Large of Harper\u2019s Bazaar UK since 2014 styling many of their covers including Felicity Jones, Natalie Portman and Keira Knightley. Clark also works as a celebrity stylist counting among her current clients Keira Knightley, Felicity Jones, and Zoe Kazan. Her past clients include Michelle Williams and Emily Mortimer. In 2017 \"The Hollywood Reporter\" included her in their list of The 25 Most Powerful Stylists in Hollywood. Clark is married to production designer James Hatt whom she wed in 2012. Among her bridesmaids were actresses Keira Knightley and Kirsten Dunst. Together they have a daughter Astrid, born in 2014.", "Pia Di Ciaula Pia Di Ciaula ACE, CCE is a BAFTA winning international film editor best known for editing 'A Very English Scandal', 'The Crown' and 'Tyrannosaur'. Di Ciaula was born to Italian parents in Toronto where she began her film editing career. She received a Gemini Award Nomination for Best Editing on \"Choices of the Heart: The Margaret Sanger Story\". She received two Genie Award Nominations for Best Editing for her first two feature films that were Canadian/UK co-productions, Intimate Relations starring Julie Walters, and Regeneration starring Jonathan Pryce. She then relocated to London, England and collaborated with Gillies MacKinnon on seven films including Hideous Kinky with Kate Winslet, Pure with Keira Knightley, and The Last of the Blonde Bombshells winning Judi Dench a Golden Globe and a BAFTA. Di Ciaula's second collaboration with Keira Knightley was on Silk, written and directed by Fran\u00e7ois Girard. Other features include Nora starring Ewan McGregor, and Belle. Di Ciaula's prolific collaboration with director David Blair resulted in the multi-Emmy and BAFTA Award winning show The Street starring Timothy Spall and Tess of the D'Urbervilles starring Gemma Arterton and Eddie Redmayne, Hugh Hudson (Chariots of Fire, Greystoke) and Di Ciaula collaborated on Altamira starring Antonio Banderas. Di Ciaula then edited A Quiet Passion with \"the UK's greatest living autour\" Terence Davies, starring Cynthia Nixon as Emily Dickinson along with Keith Carradine and Jennifer Ehle. Di Ciaula's first collaboration with actor/writer/director Paddy Considine on Tyrannosaur won approximately 40 awards world-wide including Sundance, Best Independent British Film and a BAFTA.", "Begin Again (film) Begin Again is a 2013 American musical comedy-drama film written and directed by John Carney and starring Keira Knightley and Mark Ruffalo. Knightley plays a singer-songwriter who is discovered by a struggling record label executive (Ruffalo) and collaborates with him to produce an album recorded in public locations all over New York City. After the success of his 2007 musical film \"Once,\" Carney wrote the script for \"Begin Again\" in 2010 and employed Gregg Alexander to compose most of the film's music. With an US$8 million budget, production began in July 2012 with filming taking place in various locations around New York City. The film premiered in September 2013 at the Toronto International Film Festival and was released theatrically on June 27, 2014, in conjunction with the release of the film's soundtrack. It has grossed over $63 million worldwide and received mostly positive reviews from critics. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"Lost Stars\". Dan Mulligan (Mark Ruffalo) is a formerly successful record label executive living in New York City who is estranged from his wife Miriam (Catherine Keener) and struggling to keep up with the changing music industry. After being fired from his job, he goes on a drinking binge which leads him to a bar in the Lower East Side where he encounters Gretta James (Keira Knightley). Gretta is a young and fiercely independent songwriter who has just broken up with her long-time boyfriend and songwriting partner Dave Kohl (Adam Levine), a newly successful musician who had an affair with one of his producers' assistants. Captivated by Gretta's music, Dan offers to sign her to his former record label, and although she initially refuses she reconsiders the offer and agrees."], "answer": {"text": "Knightley made her Broadway debut playing the title role in Helen Edmundson's adaptation of Emile Zola's Therese Raquin at Studio 54.", "answer_start": 171}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Keira Knightley study?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d96eb89da0ff47da9aa617887eb6c7a8_0_q#2", "question": "What was her most popular role in 2014?", "rewrite": "What was Keira Knightley's most popular role in 2014?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["James G. Nunn James G. Nunn (born 4 April 1993) is a British actor. He is best known for appearing in \"The Imitation Game\" alongside Benedict Cumberbatch and Keira Knightley. Nunn has also played many notable theatre roles on London stages and around the United Kingdom. Nunn attended Davenant Foundation School, where he performed in school productions. He was elected as the Student Representative on the governing body of the school and also served as its Head Boy. He was part of the stage and technical crew, and after leaving school he worked as a performing arts technician before beginning his professional acting career at age 19. Nunn landed his first feature film role in \"London Wall\", which was a play in London's West End before being turned into a film, in which played the role of Oswald Birkenshaw. In the same year, Nunn signed with his first agent. He went on to work with Benedict Cumberbatch and Keira Knightley on the Oscar-, Golden Globe-, and BAFTA-nominated film \"The Imitation Game\", directed by Morten Tyldum. He is also known for his portrayal of Will Scarlett in \"Robin Hood: The Rebellion\" alongside Ben Freeman (Robin Hood), Brian Blessed (Friar Tuck) and Kristian Nairn (Thomas) mostly known for playing Hodor in Game of Thrones. As well as his film career Nunn is also a regular on stage. His role as Romeo in Romeo & Juliet at the Rose Playhouse in London earned a 'Best Male Performance' Nomination at the Off West End Theatre Awards. His role as Parson Lucy in Matilda Ibini's critically acclaimed play \"Muscovado\" (winner of the Alfred Fagon Audience Award) was very well received.", "Plum Vera Wang dress of Keira Knightley The Plum Vera Wang dress of Keira Knightley refers to the evening gown worn by British actor Keira Knightley at the 78th Academy Awards on March 5, 2006. The full-length taffeta dress was created by designer Vera Wang and had a single shoulder strap and fishtail skirt. It was accessorised with a Bulgari necklace. In a subsequent poll by British retail chain Debenhams published in \"The Daily Telegraph\", the dress was voted the 6th greatest red carpet gown of all time. \"Cosmopolitan\" magazine also cited it as one of the Best Oscar dresses of all time, saying Knightley looked: \"super-graceful in this eggplant taffeta gown custom-made by Vera Wang.\"", "The BBFC has classified the film as a 12A, citing the scene of implied marital rape, which is \"delivered through Georgiana's screams of protest, heard from outside the bedroom door. \" The BBFC's PG rating allows implied sex as long as it is discreet and infrequent; the board decided that the scene in \"The Duchess\" is more than \"discreet\" or \"implied\". The film had its world premiere on 3 September 2008, in Leicester Square and was released nationwide in the United Kingdom on 5 September. The film received mostly positive reviews. Rotten Tomatoes gives a score of 61% based on 168 reviews, with an average rating of 6.25/10. The site's consensus reads: \"While \"The Duchess\" treads the now-familiar terrain of the corset-ripper, the costumes look great and Keira Knightley's performance is stellar in this subtly feminist, period drama.\" Most reviewers highly praised Knightley and Fiennes' performances. \" Time Out London\" wrote: \"[Saul Dibb] is also helped enormously by a mature, restrained portrayal from Knightley, a masterclass in passive aggression from Fiennes and a performance of tender seduction from Atwell.\" \"The Epoch Times\" writes, \"Ralph Fiennes brings a human quality to [the Duke] by avoiding any intent, exaggeration or ill will\" and \"Keira Knightley's performance gains new depth \u2013 she not only perfectly portrays a witty and feminine Georgiana early in the film, but also a caring mother, and an abandoned woman later on. Also remarkable in this role is Knightley's ability to portray the strengths, weaknesses, and the internal hurdles of Georgiana, as well as her internal contemplation.\" Film Ireland writes \"It is a slow movie", "Begin Again (film) Begin Again is a 2013 American musical comedy-drama film written and directed by John Carney and starring Keira Knightley and Mark Ruffalo. Knightley plays a singer-songwriter who is discovered by a struggling record label executive (Ruffalo) and collaborates with him to produce an album recorded in public locations all over New York City. After the success of his 2007 musical film \"Once,\" Carney wrote the script for \"Begin Again\" in 2010 and employed Gregg Alexander to compose most of the film's music. With an US$8 million budget, production began in July 2012 with filming taking place in various locations around New York City. The film premiered in September 2013 at the Toronto International Film Festival and was released theatrically on June 27, 2014, in conjunction with the release of the film's soundtrack. It has grossed over $63 million worldwide and received mostly positive reviews from critics. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"Lost Stars\". Dan Mulligan (Mark Ruffalo) is a formerly successful record label executive living in New York City who is estranged from his wife Miriam (Catherine Keener) and struggling to keep up with the changing music industry. After being fired from his job, he goes on a drinking binge which leads him to a bar in the Lower East Side where he encounters Gretta James (Keira Knightley). Gretta is a young and fiercely independent songwriter who has just broken up with her long-time boyfriend and songwriting partner Dave Kohl (Adam Levine), a newly successful musician who had an affair with one of his producers' assistants. Captivated by Gretta's music, Dan offers to sign her to his former record label, and although she initially refuses she reconsiders the offer and agrees.", "Leith Clark Leith Clark (born 1979) is a Canadian born English fashion stylist, editor, and fashion journalist. She is best known as the founder and editor of \"Lula Magazine\" as well as the founder and editor of \"Violet Book\", a UK based fashion and lifestyle magazine. Clark interned for \"Interview Magazine\" as a teenager before moving to \"Vogue UK\". Clark founded fashion magazine \"Lula\" in 2005. Clark credited her creation of \"Lula\" with her frustration with the sexualization of women in fashion magazines, wanting instead to make \"a magazine of women looking at women, without that competitiveness and that hard edge that we think we need as we get older.\" In 2013 Clark announced that she was resigning as Lula's editor-in-chief. Instead she was leaving to create a new type of magazine for older women. That project would be \"Violet Book\", which Clark launched in 2014. Clark admitted in an interview that the magazine was inspired by \"the way youth is over-celebrated.\" Clark has been the Style Director At Large of Harper\u2019s Bazaar UK since 2014 styling many of their covers including Felicity Jones, Natalie Portman and Keira Knightley. Clark also works as a celebrity stylist counting among her current clients Keira Knightley, Felicity Jones, and Zoe Kazan. Her past clients include Michelle Williams and Emily Mortimer. In 2017 \"The Hollywood Reporter\" included her in their list of The 25 Most Powerful Stylists in Hollywood. Clark is married to production designer James Hatt whom she wed in 2012. Among her bridesmaids were actresses Keira Knightley and Kirsten Dunst. Together they have a daughter Astrid, born in 2014."], "answer": {"text": "2014, for Knightley, began with the spy thriller Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit alongside Chris Pine.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Keira Knightley study?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What Shows was she in on Broadway?", "answer": {"text": "Knightley made her Broadway debut playing the title role in Helen Edmundson's adaptation of Emile Zola's Therese Raquin at Studio 54.", "answer_start": 171, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_d96eb89da0ff47da9aa617887eb6c7a8_0_q#3", "question": "What awards has she won?", "rewrite": "What awards has Keira Knightley won?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Begin Again (film) Begin Again is a 2013 American musical comedy-drama film written and directed by John Carney and starring Keira Knightley and Mark Ruffalo. Knightley plays a singer-songwriter who is discovered by a struggling record label executive (Ruffalo) and collaborates with him to produce an album recorded in public locations all over New York City. After the success of his 2007 musical film \"Once,\" Carney wrote the script for \"Begin Again\" in 2010 and employed Gregg Alexander to compose most of the film's music. With an US$8 million budget, production began in July 2012 with filming taking place in various locations around New York City. The film premiered in September 2013 at the Toronto International Film Festival and was released theatrically on June 27, 2014, in conjunction with the release of the film's soundtrack. It has grossed over $63 million worldwide and received mostly positive reviews from critics. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"Lost Stars\". Dan Mulligan (Mark Ruffalo) is a formerly successful record label executive living in New York City who is estranged from his wife Miriam (Catherine Keener) and struggling to keep up with the changing music industry. After being fired from his job, he goes on a drinking binge which leads him to a bar in the Lower East Side where he encounters Gretta James (Keira Knightley). Gretta is a young and fiercely independent songwriter who has just broken up with her long-time boyfriend and songwriting partner Dave Kohl (Adam Levine), a newly successful musician who had an affair with one of his producers' assistants. Captivated by Gretta's music, Dan offers to sign her to his former record label, and although she initially refuses she reconsiders the offer and agrees.", "Plum Vera Wang dress of Keira Knightley The Plum Vera Wang dress of Keira Knightley refers to the evening gown worn by British actor Keira Knightley at the 78th Academy Awards on March 5, 2006. The full-length taffeta dress was created by designer Vera Wang and had a single shoulder strap and fishtail skirt. It was accessorised with a Bulgari necklace. In a subsequent poll by British retail chain Debenhams published in \"The Daily Telegraph\", the dress was voted the 6th greatest red carpet gown of all time. \"Cosmopolitan\" magazine also cited it as one of the Best Oscar dresses of all time, saying Knightley looked: \"super-graceful in this eggplant taffeta gown custom-made by Vera Wang.\"", "Leith Clark Leith Clark (born 1979) is a Canadian born English fashion stylist, editor, and fashion journalist. She is best known as the founder and editor of \"Lula Magazine\" as well as the founder and editor of \"Violet Book\", a UK based fashion and lifestyle magazine. Clark interned for \"Interview Magazine\" as a teenager before moving to \"Vogue UK\". Clark founded fashion magazine \"Lula\" in 2005. Clark credited her creation of \"Lula\" with her frustration with the sexualization of women in fashion magazines, wanting instead to make \"a magazine of women looking at women, without that competitiveness and that hard edge that we think we need as we get older.\" In 2013 Clark announced that she was resigning as Lula's editor-in-chief. Instead she was leaving to create a new type of magazine for older women. That project would be \"Violet Book\", which Clark launched in 2014. Clark admitted in an interview that the magazine was inspired by \"the way youth is over-celebrated.\" Clark has been the Style Director At Large of Harper\u2019s Bazaar UK since 2014 styling many of their covers including Felicity Jones, Natalie Portman and Keira Knightley. Clark also works as a celebrity stylist counting among her current clients Keira Knightley, Felicity Jones, and Zoe Kazan. Her past clients include Michelle Williams and Emily Mortimer. In 2017 \"The Hollywood Reporter\" included her in their list of The 25 Most Powerful Stylists in Hollywood. Clark is married to production designer James Hatt whom she wed in 2012. Among her bridesmaids were actresses Keira Knightley and Kirsten Dunst. Together they have a daughter Astrid, born in 2014.", "List of accolades received by Atonement (film) \"Atonement\" is a 2007 British romantic World War II film directed by Joe Wright. Christopher Hampton adapted the screenplay from the eponymous novel by Ian McEwan. The film focuses on fictional lovers Cecilia (Keira Knightley) and Robbie (James McAvoy), whose lives are ruined when Cecilia's younger sister, Briony (Saoirse Ronan), falsely accuses Robbie of a serious crime. The film opened the 64th Venice International Film Festival on 29 August 2007 and competed for the Golden Lion. The following month it screened at the Vancouver International Film Festival and the Toronto International Film Festival. \" Atonement\" was released in the United Kingdom by Universal Studios on 7 September 2007. It was then released in the United States by Focus Features on 7 December 2007. The film earned over \u00a384 million in its combined total gross at the box office. \"Atonement\" earned many awards and nominations in categories ranging from recognition of the film itself to Hampton's screenplay and the cast's acting performances, particularly those of Keira Knightley, James McAvoy and Saoirse Ronan. The film received seven Academy Award nominations and came away with one award for Best Original Score. The Alliance of Women Film Journalists awarded \"Atonement\" two accolades from six nominations, while the American Society of Cinematographers and the Art Directors Guild gave the film one nomination apiece. \" Atonement\" gathered fourteen nominations at the 61st British Academy Film Awards, the most of any film that year, but ultimately came away with two awards. Cinematographer Seamus McGarvey received a nomination for his work from the British Society of Cinematographers and costume designer, Jacqueline Durran, earned a nomination from the Costume Designers Guild. \"Atonement\" won three accolades out of five nominations at the 13th Empire Awards.", "The BBFC has classified the film as a 12A, citing the scene of implied marital rape, which is \"delivered through Georgiana's screams of protest, heard from outside the bedroom door. \" The BBFC's PG rating allows implied sex as long as it is discreet and infrequent; the board decided that the scene in \"The Duchess\" is more than \"discreet\" or \"implied\". The film had its world premiere on 3 September 2008, in Leicester Square and was released nationwide in the United Kingdom on 5 September. The film received mostly positive reviews. Rotten Tomatoes gives a score of 61% based on 168 reviews, with an average rating of 6.25/10. The site's consensus reads: \"While \"The Duchess\" treads the now-familiar terrain of the corset-ripper, the costumes look great and Keira Knightley's performance is stellar in this subtly feminist, period drama.\" Most reviewers highly praised Knightley and Fiennes' performances. \" Time Out London\" wrote: \"[Saul Dibb] is also helped enormously by a mature, restrained portrayal from Knightley, a masterclass in passive aggression from Fiennes and a performance of tender seduction from Atwell.\" \"The Epoch Times\" writes, \"Ralph Fiennes brings a human quality to [the Duke] by avoiding any intent, exaggeration or ill will\" and \"Keira Knightley's performance gains new depth \u2013 she not only perfectly portrays a witty and feminine Georgiana early in the film, but also a caring mother, and an abandoned woman later on. Also remarkable in this role is Knightley's ability to portray the strengths, weaknesses, and the internal hurdles of Georgiana, as well as her internal contemplation.\" Film Ireland writes \"It is a slow movie"], "answer": {"text": "Knightley received her second Academy Award nomination, for Best Supporting Actress.", "answer_start": 1405}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Keira Knightley study?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What Shows was she in on Broadway?", "answer": {"text": "Knightley made her Broadway debut playing the title role in Helen Edmundson's adaptation of Emile Zola's Therese Raquin at Studio 54.", "answer_start": 171, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was her most popular role in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "2014, for Knightley, began with the spy thriller Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit alongside Chris Pine.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d96eb89da0ff47da9aa617887eb6c7a8_0_q#4", "question": "What is her most successful movie after 2014?", "rewrite": "What is Keira Knightley's most successful movie after 2014?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Plum Vera Wang dress of Keira Knightley The Plum Vera Wang dress of Keira Knightley refers to the evening gown worn by British actor Keira Knightley at the 78th Academy Awards on March 5, 2006. The full-length taffeta dress was created by designer Vera Wang and had a single shoulder strap and fishtail skirt. It was accessorised with a Bulgari necklace. In a subsequent poll by British retail chain Debenhams published in \"The Daily Telegraph\", the dress was voted the 6th greatest red carpet gown of all time. \"Cosmopolitan\" magazine also cited it as one of the Best Oscar dresses of all time, saying Knightley looked: \"super-graceful in this eggplant taffeta gown custom-made by Vera Wang.\"", "The BBFC has classified the film as a 12A, citing the scene of implied marital rape, which is \"delivered through Georgiana's screams of protest, heard from outside the bedroom door. \" The BBFC's PG rating allows implied sex as long as it is discreet and infrequent; the board decided that the scene in \"The Duchess\" is more than \"discreet\" or \"implied\". The film had its world premiere on 3 September 2008, in Leicester Square and was released nationwide in the United Kingdom on 5 September. The film received mostly positive reviews. Rotten Tomatoes gives a score of 61% based on 168 reviews, with an average rating of 6.25/10. The site's consensus reads: \"While \"The Duchess\" treads the now-familiar terrain of the corset-ripper, the costumes look great and Keira Knightley's performance is stellar in this subtly feminist, period drama.\" Most reviewers highly praised Knightley and Fiennes' performances. \" Time Out London\" wrote: \"[Saul Dibb] is also helped enormously by a mature, restrained portrayal from Knightley, a masterclass in passive aggression from Fiennes and a performance of tender seduction from Atwell.\" \"The Epoch Times\" writes, \"Ralph Fiennes brings a human quality to [the Duke] by avoiding any intent, exaggeration or ill will\" and \"Keira Knightley's performance gains new depth \u2013 she not only perfectly portrays a witty and feminine Georgiana early in the film, but also a caring mother, and an abandoned woman later on. Also remarkable in this role is Knightley's ability to portray the strengths, weaknesses, and the internal hurdles of Georgiana, as well as her internal contemplation.\" Film Ireland writes \"It is a slow movie", "Begin Again (film) Begin Again is a 2013 American musical comedy-drama film written and directed by John Carney and starring Keira Knightley and Mark Ruffalo. Knightley plays a singer-songwriter who is discovered by a struggling record label executive (Ruffalo) and collaborates with him to produce an album recorded in public locations all over New York City. After the success of his 2007 musical film \"Once,\" Carney wrote the script for \"Begin Again\" in 2010 and employed Gregg Alexander to compose most of the film's music. With an US$8 million budget, production began in July 2012 with filming taking place in various locations around New York City. The film premiered in September 2013 at the Toronto International Film Festival and was released theatrically on June 27, 2014, in conjunction with the release of the film's soundtrack. It has grossed over $63 million worldwide and received mostly positive reviews from critics. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"Lost Stars\". Dan Mulligan (Mark Ruffalo) is a formerly successful record label executive living in New York City who is estranged from his wife Miriam (Catherine Keener) and struggling to keep up with the changing music industry. After being fired from his job, he goes on a drinking binge which leads him to a bar in the Lower East Side where he encounters Gretta James (Keira Knightley). Gretta is a young and fiercely independent songwriter who has just broken up with her long-time boyfriend and songwriting partner Dave Kohl (Adam Levine), a newly successful musician who had an affair with one of his producers' assistants. Captivated by Gretta's music, Dan offers to sign her to his former record label, and although she initially refuses she reconsiders the offer and agrees.", "Princess of Thieves Princess of Thieves is a romantic adventure TV movie starring Keira Knightley, produced by Granada Productions in 2001 and first broadcast on \"The Wonderful World of Disney\" on ABC in the United States that same year. Co-starring in the film are Malcolm McDowell as the Sheriff, Jonathan Hyde as Prince John, Stuart Wilson as Robin Hood, Del Synnott as Froderick, and Stephen Moyer as Philip. The movie was directed by Peter Hewitt and filmed in Romania. The film's plotline draws inspiration from the classic Robin Hood legend, which has been adapted many times for screen. Years after the \"known\" events of the Robin Hood legend, Robin's daughter, Gwyn (Keira Knightley) has grown up to be a strong-willed young woman, with a talent for archery, much like her father. As Maid Marian has died and Robin Hood (Stuart Wilson) is perpetually away battling in the Crusades, Gwyn has lived much of her life alone. Her only friend is the sweet but plain Froderick (Del Synnott), who clearly is in love with her. Upon the death of King Richard the Lionheart, Robin returns to see that the proper man takes Richard's place as King of England. Robin is quickly foiled and imprisoned by his enemies, the Sheriff of Nottingham (Malcolm McDowell) and Prince John (Jonathan Hyde). It is then up to Gwyn to save the day. She must complete Robin's mission to find and protect the young Prince Philip (Stephen Moyer), who has just returned from exile in France to claim the throne \u2013 not an easy task since he has decided to forsake his true identity and is travelling anonymously under his valet's name (who died en route protecting his prince).", "Leith Clark Leith Clark (born 1979) is a Canadian born English fashion stylist, editor, and fashion journalist. She is best known as the founder and editor of \"Lula Magazine\" as well as the founder and editor of \"Violet Book\", a UK based fashion and lifestyle magazine. Clark interned for \"Interview Magazine\" as a teenager before moving to \"Vogue UK\". Clark founded fashion magazine \"Lula\" in 2005. Clark credited her creation of \"Lula\" with her frustration with the sexualization of women in fashion magazines, wanting instead to make \"a magazine of women looking at women, without that competitiveness and that hard edge that we think we need as we get older.\" In 2013 Clark announced that she was resigning as Lula's editor-in-chief. Instead she was leaving to create a new type of magazine for older women. That project would be \"Violet Book\", which Clark launched in 2014. Clark admitted in an interview that the magazine was inspired by \"the way youth is over-celebrated.\" Clark has been the Style Director At Large of Harper\u2019s Bazaar UK since 2014 styling many of their covers including Felicity Jones, Natalie Portman and Keira Knightley. Clark also works as a celebrity stylist counting among her current clients Keira Knightley, Felicity Jones, and Zoe Kazan. Her past clients include Michelle Williams and Emily Mortimer. In 2017 \"The Hollywood Reporter\" included her in their list of The 25 Most Powerful Stylists in Hollywood. Clark is married to production designer James Hatt whom she wed in 2012. Among her bridesmaids were actresses Keira Knightley and Kirsten Dunst. Together they have a daughter Astrid, born in 2014."], "answer": {"text": "The Imitation Game,", "answer_start": 1024}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Keira Knightley study?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What Shows was she in on Broadway?", "answer": {"text": "Knightley made her Broadway debut playing the title role in Helen Edmundson's adaptation of Emile Zola's Therese Raquin at Studio 54.", "answer_start": 171, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was her most popular role in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "2014, for Knightley, began with the spy thriller Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit alongside Chris Pine.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What awards has she won?", "answer": {"text": "Knightley received her second Academy Award nomination, for Best Supporting Actress.", "answer_start": 1405, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d96eb89da0ff47da9aa617887eb6c7a8_0_q#6", "question": "Did The Imitation Game do well in the box office?", "rewrite": "Did The Imitation Game do well in the box office?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Imitation Game (disambiguation) The Imitation Game is a 2014 British-American film The Imitation Game may also refer to:", "Shah argues there is one imitation game which Turing described could be practicalised in two different ways: a) one-to-one interrogator-machine test, and b) simultaneous comparison of a machine with a human, both questioned in parallel by an interrogator. Since the Turing test is a test of indistinguishability in performance capacity, the verbal version generalises naturally to all of human performance capacity, verbal as well as nonverbal (robotic). Turing's original article describes a simple party game involving three players. Player A is a man, player B is a woman and player C (who plays the role of the interrogator) is of either sex. In the imitation game, player C is unable to see either player A or player B, and can communicate with them only through written notes. By asking questions of player A and player B, player C tries to determine which of the two is the man and which is the woman. Player A's role is to trick the interrogator into making the wrong decision, while player B attempts to assist the interrogator in making the right one. Turing then asks: What will happen when a machine takes the part of A in this game? Will the interrogator decide wrongly as often when the game is played like this as he does when the game is played between a man and a woman? These questions replace our original, \"Can machines think?\" The second version appeared later in Turing's 1950 paper. Similar to the original imitation game test, the role of player A is performed by a computer. However, the role of player B is performed by a man rather than a woman. Let us fix our attention on one particular digital computer \"C.\"", "Computing Machinery and Intelligence \"Computing Machinery and Intelligence\" is a seminal paper written by Alan Turing on the topic of artificial intelligence. The paper, published in 1950 in \"Mind\", was the first to introduce his concept of what is now known as the Turing test to the general public. Turing's paper considers the question \"Can machines think? \" Since the words \"think\" and \"machine\" cannot be defined in a clear way that satisfies everyone , Turing suggests we \"replace the question by another, which is closely related to it and is expressed in relatively unambiguous words. \" To do this, he must first find a simple and unambiguous idea to replace the word \"think\", second he must explain exactly which \"machines\" he is considering, and finally, armed with these tools, he formulates a new question, related to the first, that he believes he can answer in the affirmative. Rather than trying to determine if a machine is thinking, Turing suggests we should ask if the machine can win a game, called the \"Imitation Game\". The original Imitation game that Turing described is a simple party game involving three players. Player A is a man, player B is a woman and player C (who plays the role of the interrogator) can be of either sex. In the Imitation Game, player C is unable to see either player A or player B (and knows them only as X and Y), and can communicate with them only through written notes or any other form that does not give away any details about their gender. By asking questions of player A and player B, player C tries to determine which of the two is the man and which is the woman. Player A's role is to trick the interrogator into making the wrong decision, while player B attempts to assist the interrogator in making the right one.", "It had its European premiere as the opening film of the 58th BFI London Film Festival in October 2014. It had a limited theatrical release on 28 November 2014 in the United States, two weeks after its premiere in the United Kingdom on 14 November. The US distributor TWC stated that the film would initially debut in four cinemas in Los Angeles and New York, expanding to six new markets on 12 December before being released nationwide on Christmas Day. \"The Imitation Game\" was released on 31 March 2015 in the United States in two formats: a one-disc standard DVD and a Blu-ray with a digital copy of the film. \"The Imitation Game\" grossed $91.1 million in North America and $142.4 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $233.5 million, against a budget of $14 million. It was the top-grossing independent film release of 2014. The film opened at number two at the UK box office behind the big-budget film \"Interstellar\", earning $4.3 million from 459 screens. Its opening box office figure was the third highest opening weekend haul for a British film in 2014. Its opening was 107% higher than that of \"Argo\", 81% higher than \"Philomena\" and 26% higher than \"The Iron Lady\" following its debut. Debuting in four cinemas in Los Angeles and New York on 28 November, the film grossed $479,352 in its opening weekend with a $119,352 per-screen-average, the second highest per-screen-average of 2014 and the 7th highest of all time for a live-action film.", "The test that employs the party game and compares frequencies of success is referred to as the \"Original Imitation Game Test\", whereas the test consisting of a human judge conversing with a human and a machine is referred to as the \"Standard Turing Test\", noting that Sterrett equates this with the \"standard interpretation\" rather than the second version of the imitation game. Sterrett agrees that the standard Turing test (STT) has the problems that its critics cite but feels that, in contrast, the original imitation game test (OIG test) so defined is immune to many of them, due to a crucial difference: Unlike the STT, it does not make similarity to human performance the criterion, even though it employs human performance in setting a criterion for machine intelligence. A man can fail the OIG test, but it is argued that it is a virtue of a test of intelligence that failure indicates a lack of resourcefulness : The OIG test requires the resourcefulness associated with intelligence and not merely \"simulation of human conversational behaviour\". The general structure of the OIG test could even be used with non-verbal versions of imitation games. Still other writers have interpreted Turing as proposing that the imitation game itself is the test, without specifying how to take into account Turing's statement that the test that he proposed using the party version of the imitation game is based upon a criterion of comparative frequency of success in that imitation game, rather than a capacity to succeed at one round of the game. Saygin has suggested that maybe the original game is a way of proposing a less biased experimental design as it hides the participation of the computer. The imitation game also includes a \"social hack\" not found in the standard interpretation, as in the game both computer and male human are required to play as pretending to be someone they are not."], "answer": {"text": "The Imitation Game became a critical and commercial success grossing over $233.6 million.", "answer_start": 1294}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Keira Knightley study?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What Shows was she in on Broadway?", "answer": {"text": "Knightley made her Broadway debut playing the title role in Helen Edmundson's adaptation of Emile Zola's Therese Raquin at Studio 54.", "answer_start": 171, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was her most popular role in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "2014, for Knightley, began with the spy thriller Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit alongside Chris Pine.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What awards has she won?", "answer": {"text": "Knightley received her second Academy Award nomination, for Best Supporting Actress.", "answer_start": 1405, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is her most successful movie after 2014?", "answer": {"text": "The Imitation Game,", "answer_start": 1024, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who directed Knightly in The Imitation Game?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d96eb89da0ff47da9aa617887eb6c7a8_0_q#7", "question": "What movie was she in in 2015?", "rewrite": "What movie was Keira Knightley in in 2015?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Plum Vera Wang dress of Keira Knightley The Plum Vera Wang dress of Keira Knightley refers to the evening gown worn by British actor Keira Knightley at the 78th Academy Awards on March 5, 2006. The full-length taffeta dress was created by designer Vera Wang and had a single shoulder strap and fishtail skirt. It was accessorised with a Bulgari necklace. In a subsequent poll by British retail chain Debenhams published in \"The Daily Telegraph\", the dress was voted the 6th greatest red carpet gown of all time. \"Cosmopolitan\" magazine also cited it as one of the Best Oscar dresses of all time, saying Knightley looked: \"super-graceful in this eggplant taffeta gown custom-made by Vera Wang.\"", "Leith Clark Leith Clark (born 1979) is a Canadian born English fashion stylist, editor, and fashion journalist. She is best known as the founder and editor of \"Lula Magazine\" as well as the founder and editor of \"Violet Book\", a UK based fashion and lifestyle magazine. Clark interned for \"Interview Magazine\" as a teenager before moving to \"Vogue UK\". Clark founded fashion magazine \"Lula\" in 2005. Clark credited her creation of \"Lula\" with her frustration with the sexualization of women in fashion magazines, wanting instead to make \"a magazine of women looking at women, without that competitiveness and that hard edge that we think we need as we get older.\" In 2013 Clark announced that she was resigning as Lula's editor-in-chief. Instead she was leaving to create a new type of magazine for older women. That project would be \"Violet Book\", which Clark launched in 2014. Clark admitted in an interview that the magazine was inspired by \"the way youth is over-celebrated.\" Clark has been the Style Director At Large of Harper\u2019s Bazaar UK since 2014 styling many of their covers including Felicity Jones, Natalie Portman and Keira Knightley. Clark also works as a celebrity stylist counting among her current clients Keira Knightley, Felicity Jones, and Zoe Kazan. Her past clients include Michelle Williams and Emily Mortimer. In 2017 \"The Hollywood Reporter\" included her in their list of The 25 Most Powerful Stylists in Hollywood. Clark is married to production designer James Hatt whom she wed in 2012. Among her bridesmaids were actresses Keira Knightley and Kirsten Dunst. Together they have a daughter Astrid, born in 2014.", "The BBFC has classified the film as a 12A, citing the scene of implied marital rape, which is \"delivered through Georgiana's screams of protest, heard from outside the bedroom door. \" The BBFC's PG rating allows implied sex as long as it is discreet and infrequent; the board decided that the scene in \"The Duchess\" is more than \"discreet\" or \"implied\". The film had its world premiere on 3 September 2008, in Leicester Square and was released nationwide in the United Kingdom on 5 September. The film received mostly positive reviews. Rotten Tomatoes gives a score of 61% based on 168 reviews, with an average rating of 6.25/10. The site's consensus reads: \"While \"The Duchess\" treads the now-familiar terrain of the corset-ripper, the costumes look great and Keira Knightley's performance is stellar in this subtly feminist, period drama.\" Most reviewers highly praised Knightley and Fiennes' performances. \" Time Out London\" wrote: \"[Saul Dibb] is also helped enormously by a mature, restrained portrayal from Knightley, a masterclass in passive aggression from Fiennes and a performance of tender seduction from Atwell.\" \"The Epoch Times\" writes, \"Ralph Fiennes brings a human quality to [the Duke] by avoiding any intent, exaggeration or ill will\" and \"Keira Knightley's performance gains new depth \u2013 she not only perfectly portrays a witty and feminine Georgiana early in the film, but also a caring mother, and an abandoned woman later on. Also remarkable in this role is Knightley's ability to portray the strengths, weaknesses, and the internal hurdles of Georgiana, as well as her internal contemplation.\" Film Ireland writes \"It is a slow movie", "Begin Again (film) Begin Again is a 2013 American musical comedy-drama film written and directed by John Carney and starring Keira Knightley and Mark Ruffalo. Knightley plays a singer-songwriter who is discovered by a struggling record label executive (Ruffalo) and collaborates with him to produce an album recorded in public locations all over New York City. After the success of his 2007 musical film \"Once,\" Carney wrote the script for \"Begin Again\" in 2010 and employed Gregg Alexander to compose most of the film's music. With an US$8 million budget, production began in July 2012 with filming taking place in various locations around New York City. The film premiered in September 2013 at the Toronto International Film Festival and was released theatrically on June 27, 2014, in conjunction with the release of the film's soundtrack. It has grossed over $63 million worldwide and received mostly positive reviews from critics. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"Lost Stars\". Dan Mulligan (Mark Ruffalo) is a formerly successful record label executive living in New York City who is estranged from his wife Miriam (Catherine Keener) and struggling to keep up with the changing music industry. After being fired from his job, he goes on a drinking binge which leads him to a bar in the Lower East Side where he encounters Gretta James (Keira Knightley). Gretta is a young and fiercely independent songwriter who has just broken up with her long-time boyfriend and songwriting partner Dave Kohl (Adam Levine), a newly successful musician who had an affair with one of his producers' assistants. Captivated by Gretta's music, Dan offers to sign her to his former record label, and although she initially refuses she reconsiders the offer and agrees.", "Princess of Thieves Princess of Thieves is a romantic adventure TV movie starring Keira Knightley, produced by Granada Productions in 2001 and first broadcast on \"The Wonderful World of Disney\" on ABC in the United States that same year. Co-starring in the film are Malcolm McDowell as the Sheriff, Jonathan Hyde as Prince John, Stuart Wilson as Robin Hood, Del Synnott as Froderick, and Stephen Moyer as Philip. The movie was directed by Peter Hewitt and filmed in Romania. The film's plotline draws inspiration from the classic Robin Hood legend, which has been adapted many times for screen. Years after the \"known\" events of the Robin Hood legend, Robin's daughter, Gwyn (Keira Knightley) has grown up to be a strong-willed young woman, with a talent for archery, much like her father. As Maid Marian has died and Robin Hood (Stuart Wilson) is perpetually away battling in the Crusades, Gwyn has lived much of her life alone. Her only friend is the sweet but plain Froderick (Del Synnott), who clearly is in love with her. Upon the death of King Richard the Lionheart, Robin returns to see that the proper man takes Richard's place as King of England. Robin is quickly foiled and imprisoned by his enemies, the Sheriff of Nottingham (Malcolm McDowell) and Prince John (Jonathan Hyde). It is then up to Gwyn to save the day. She must complete Robin's mission to find and protect the young Prince Philip (Stephen Moyer), who has just returned from exile in France to claim the throne \u2013 not an easy task since he has decided to forsake his true identity and is travelling anonymously under his valet's name (who died en route protecting his prince)."], "answer": {"text": "Knightley's sole release of 2015 was as part of the ensemble cast in the biographical disaster film Everest.", "answer_start": 1660}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Keira Knightley study?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What Shows was she in on Broadway?", "answer": {"text": "Knightley made her Broadway debut playing the title role in Helen Edmundson's adaptation of Emile Zola's Therese Raquin at Studio 54.", "answer_start": 171, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was her most popular role in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "2014, for Knightley, began with the spy thriller Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit alongside Chris Pine.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What awards has she won?", "answer": {"text": "Knightley received her second Academy Award nomination, for Best Supporting Actress.", "answer_start": 1405, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is her most successful movie after 2014?", "answer": {"text": "The Imitation Game,", "answer_start": 1024, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who directed Knightly in The Imitation Game?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did The Imitation Game do well in the box office?", "answer": {"text": "The Imitation Game became a critical and commercial success grossing over $233.6 million.", "answer_start": 1294, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e381c98fe91e46a99f5fd82a42c16913_0_q#0", "question": "What was Sarah Palin's public image?", "rewrite": "What was Sarah Palin's public image?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["SarahPAC SarahPAC is the political action committee of former Alaska Governor, Sarah Palin. It was founded in 2009 following the resignation of Governor Palin. It endorsed candidates for various offices, then organized into local chapters in the United States of America and assisted the candidate. According to documents filed with the Federal Election Commission, SarahPAC was officially shut down as of the end of 2016. On December 8, 2010, Sarah Palin announced that her website and personal credit card information were compromised. Palin's team believed it was the work of Anonymous, though Anonymous never tweeted anything about choosing Palin as a target for the Denial-of-service attack. An Anonymous member has stated \"We don\u2019t really care about Sarah Palin that much, to be honest. I don\u2019t really know what she\u2019s trying to accomplish or what attention she is trying to gain. We personally don\u2019t care about Sarah Palin.\" Her technical team posted a screenshot of a server log file showing the wikileaks.org hostname The Visa denial of service attacks did not result in credit card data being compromised. It is unknown whether Palin's card was compromised as part of a broad attack on Visa or a specific attack on the Palins. Sarah Palin's email had already been hacked in 2008.", "21, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 11, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 7, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 6, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 8, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 9, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 10, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 12, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 17, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 10, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 6, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 11, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Nebraska is not a winner take-all state. Nebraska is the first state in the modern era to have a split electoral decision. Electors: 4, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin; 2 at large, 1 for each of the 1st and 3rd Congressional districts.", "Public image of Sarah Palin Sarah Palin, while serving as Governor of Alaska, was nominated as the first female candidate of the Republican Party for Vice President of the United States. Following the nomination, her public image came under close media scrutiny, particularly regarding her religious perspective on public life, her socially conservative views, and a perceived lack of experience. Palin's experience in foreign and domestic politics came under criticism among conservatives as well as liberals following her nomination. A poll taken by Rasmussen Reports just after the Republican National Convention in the first week of September 2008 found that Palin was more popular than either Barack Obama or John McCain; however, this perception later reversed. At the same time, Palin became more popular among Republicans than McCain. A February 2010 \"ABC News/Washington Post\" poll showed 71% of Americans felt Palin lacked the qualifications necessary to be President of the United States. Prior to the Republican National Convention, a Gallup poll found that most voters were unfamiliar with Sarah Palin. 39% said she is ready to serve as president if needed, 33% said she is not, and 29% had no opinion. This was \"the lowest vote of confidence in a running mate since the elder George Bush chose then-Indiana senator Dan Quayle to join his ticket in 1988.\" Republicans cited her tenure in executive office, high popularity, past focus on ethics and energy issues, her personal life, as well as her command of the Alaska National Guard and Alaska's proximity to foreign countries among reasons for the choice of Sarah Palin. Criticism focused on her limited foreign policy experience and work on major policy issues and claims of low amount of actual responsibility as well as alleged misconduct during her time in office. Her readiness to step in should the president be incapacitated was also questioned.", "1 pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 15, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 31, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 15, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 20, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 7, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 7, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 21, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 8, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 11, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 34, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 5, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: Three (all at-large), pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Virginia's Presidential Electors Electors: 13, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 11, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Ten electors, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Three electors, all at-large, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:", "(in response to her statement at the 2008 Republican National Convention that the difference between a pit bull and a hockey mom was lipstick). In addition, David Harrington's \"Sarah Palin Baby Name Generator\" generates hunting, industrial, hockey-related, and other idiosyncratic personal names from names that are supplied to it. Also, comedian Julie Brown re-wrote her 1980s single \"The Homecoming Queen's Got a Gun\" as a parody titled \"The Ex-Beauty Queen's Got a Gun. \" Some street art in New York City also parodied Palin before the 2008 election, including one employing Shepard Fairey's Barack Obama \"Hope\" poster. On September 13, 2008, Tina Fey appeared in a comedy skit, \"A Nonpartisan Message from Governor Sarah Palin & Senator Hillary Clinton,\" on \"Saturday Night Live\" as Sarah Palin, alongside Amy Poehler as Hillary Clinton. The sketch was written by Poehler, Fey, and head writer and \"Weekend Update\" anchor Seth Meyers. The following year Fey won an Emmy in the category of Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her impersonation of Palin. Due to its popularity, additional sketches with Tina Fey as Sarah Palin were seen in later \"SNL\" episodes leading up to the weekend before the election, with Fey ultimately performing her impersonation alongside both the real Palin and John McCain. Palin has said that, before her national prominence, she once dressed up as Fey on Halloween. Palin herself has appeared several times on \"Saturday Night Live\" or its primetime specials; a couple skits have featured guest stars mistaking Palin for Fey. On September 27, 2008, Nicole Parker portrayed Sarah Palin during a mock Q&A session in a live audience."], "answer": {"text": "she was viewed both more favorably and unfavorably among voters than her opponent,", "answer_start": 915}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e381c98fe91e46a99f5fd82a42c16913_0_q#1", "question": "What were some things that people liked about her?", "rewrite": "What were some things that people liked about Sarah Palin?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1 pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 15, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 31, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 15, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 20, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 7, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 7, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 21, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 8, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 11, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 34, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 5, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: Three (all at-large), pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Virginia's Presidential Electors Electors: 13, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 11, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Ten electors, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Three electors, all at-large, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:", "21, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 11, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 7, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 6, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 8, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 9, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 10, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 12, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 17, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 10, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 6, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 11, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Nebraska is not a winner take-all state. Nebraska is the first state in the modern era to have a split electoral decision. Electors: 4, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin; 2 at large, 1 for each of the 1st and 3rd Congressional districts.", "SarahPAC SarahPAC is the political action committee of former Alaska Governor, Sarah Palin. It was founded in 2009 following the resignation of Governor Palin. It endorsed candidates for various offices, then organized into local chapters in the United States of America and assisted the candidate. According to documents filed with the Federal Election Commission, SarahPAC was officially shut down as of the end of 2016. On December 8, 2010, Sarah Palin announced that her website and personal credit card information were compromised. Palin's team believed it was the work of Anonymous, though Anonymous never tweeted anything about choosing Palin as a target for the Denial-of-service attack. An Anonymous member has stated \"We don\u2019t really care about Sarah Palin that much, to be honest. I don\u2019t really know what she\u2019s trying to accomplish or what attention she is trying to gain. We personally don\u2019t care about Sarah Palin.\" Her technical team posted a screenshot of a server log file showing the wikileaks.org hostname The Visa denial of service attacks did not result in credit card data being compromised. It is unknown whether Palin's card was compromised as part of a broad attack on Visa or a specific attack on the Palins. Sarah Palin's email had already been hacked in 2008.", "Saturday Night Live parodies of Sarah Palin The sketch comedy television show \" Saturday Night Live\" aired several critically acclaimed sketches parodying then Alaskan Governor and vice-presidential nominee Sarah Palin in the lead-up to the 2008 United States presidential election. The sketches featured former cast member Tina Fey, who returned as a guest star to portray Palin. Fey won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her impersonation of Palin. Soon after the 2008 John McCain presidential campaign's August 29, 2008 announcement that Alaska governor Sarah Palin would be McCain's vice presidential nominee, people noted a physical resemblance between comedian Tina Fey and Palin. Fey had decided she would play Palin after her daughter saw a picture of the Alaskan governor and mistook Palin for her mother. Viewers began to speculate who would play Palin on \"SNL\" during the run up to the November 4 presidential election. Days before the broadcast of the sketch, \"SNL\" executive producer Lorne Michaels said \"there are [ongoing] discussions\" about Fey playing Palin. On September 13, 2008, NBC announced that Fey would appear in the thirty-fourth-season premiere. The first sketch, \"A Nonpartisan Message from Governor Sarah Palin & Senator Hillary Clinton,\" aired during the thirty-fourth season premiere of \"SNL\" on September 13, 2008. The sketch starred Tina Fey and Amy Poehler as Palin and Clinton, respectively. Fey, the series' former head writer and repertory player, made her third appearance on the series since officially leaving \"SNL\" in 2006 to work on \"30 Rock\", a series which she created. The sketch was written by Poehler, Fey, and head writer and \"Weekend Update\" anchor Seth Meyers.", "(in response to her statement at the 2008 Republican National Convention that the difference between a pit bull and a hockey mom was lipstick). In addition, David Harrington's \"Sarah Palin Baby Name Generator\" generates hunting, industrial, hockey-related, and other idiosyncratic personal names from names that are supplied to it. Also, comedian Julie Brown re-wrote her 1980s single \"The Homecoming Queen's Got a Gun\" as a parody titled \"The Ex-Beauty Queen's Got a Gun. \" Some street art in New York City also parodied Palin before the 2008 election, including one employing Shepard Fairey's Barack Obama \"Hope\" poster. On September 13, 2008, Tina Fey appeared in a comedy skit, \"A Nonpartisan Message from Governor Sarah Palin & Senator Hillary Clinton,\" on \"Saturday Night Live\" as Sarah Palin, alongside Amy Poehler as Hillary Clinton. The sketch was written by Poehler, Fey, and head writer and \"Weekend Update\" anchor Seth Meyers. The following year Fey won an Emmy in the category of Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her impersonation of Palin. Due to its popularity, additional sketches with Tina Fey as Sarah Palin were seen in later \"SNL\" episodes leading up to the weekend before the election, with Fey ultimately performing her impersonation alongside both the real Palin and John McCain. Palin has said that, before her national prominence, she once dressed up as Fey on Halloween. Palin herself has appeared several times on \"Saturday Night Live\" or its primetime specials; a couple skits have featured guest stars mistaking Palin for Fey. On September 27, 2008, Nicole Parker portrayed Sarah Palin during a mock Q&A session in a live audience."], "answer": {"text": "her religious perspective on public life, her socially conservative views,", "answer_start": 523}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Sarah Palin's public image?", "answer": {"text": "she was viewed both more favorably and unfavorably among voters than her opponent,", "answer_start": 915, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e381c98fe91e46a99f5fd82a42c16913_0_q#2", "question": "What were some negative thoughts about her?", "rewrite": "What were some negative thoughts about Sarah Palin?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["(in response to her statement at the 2008 Republican National Convention that the difference between a pit bull and a hockey mom was lipstick). In addition, David Harrington's \"Sarah Palin Baby Name Generator\" generates hunting, industrial, hockey-related, and other idiosyncratic personal names from names that are supplied to it. Also, comedian Julie Brown re-wrote her 1980s single \"The Homecoming Queen's Got a Gun\" as a parody titled \"The Ex-Beauty Queen's Got a Gun. \" Some street art in New York City also parodied Palin before the 2008 election, including one employing Shepard Fairey's Barack Obama \"Hope\" poster. On September 13, 2008, Tina Fey appeared in a comedy skit, \"A Nonpartisan Message from Governor Sarah Palin & Senator Hillary Clinton,\" on \"Saturday Night Live\" as Sarah Palin, alongside Amy Poehler as Hillary Clinton. The sketch was written by Poehler, Fey, and head writer and \"Weekend Update\" anchor Seth Meyers. The following year Fey won an Emmy in the category of Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her impersonation of Palin. Due to its popularity, additional sketches with Tina Fey as Sarah Palin were seen in later \"SNL\" episodes leading up to the weekend before the election, with Fey ultimately performing her impersonation alongside both the real Palin and John McCain. Palin has said that, before her national prominence, she once dressed up as Fey on Halloween. Palin herself has appeared several times on \"Saturday Night Live\" or its primetime specials; a couple skits have featured guest stars mistaking Palin for Fey. On September 27, 2008, Nicole Parker portrayed Sarah Palin during a mock Q&A session in a live audience.", "1 pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 15, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 31, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 15, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 20, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 7, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 7, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 21, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 8, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 11, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 34, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 5, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: Three (all at-large), pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Virginia's Presidential Electors Electors: 13, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 11, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Ten electors, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Three electors, all at-large, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:", "21, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 11, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 7, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 6, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 8, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 9, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 10, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 12, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 17, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 10, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 6, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 11, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Nebraska is not a winner take-all state. Nebraska is the first state in the modern era to have a split electoral decision. Electors: 4, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin; 2 at large, 1 for each of the 1st and 3rd Congressional districts.", "SarahPAC SarahPAC is the political action committee of former Alaska Governor, Sarah Palin. It was founded in 2009 following the resignation of Governor Palin. It endorsed candidates for various offices, then organized into local chapters in the United States of America and assisted the candidate. According to documents filed with the Federal Election Commission, SarahPAC was officially shut down as of the end of 2016. On December 8, 2010, Sarah Palin announced that her website and personal credit card information were compromised. Palin's team believed it was the work of Anonymous, though Anonymous never tweeted anything about choosing Palin as a target for the Denial-of-service attack. An Anonymous member has stated \"We don\u2019t really care about Sarah Palin that much, to be honest. I don\u2019t really know what she\u2019s trying to accomplish or what attention she is trying to gain. We personally don\u2019t care about Sarah Palin.\" Her technical team posted a screenshot of a server log file showing the wikileaks.org hostname The Visa denial of service attacks did not result in credit card data being compromised. It is unknown whether Palin's card was compromised as part of a broad attack on Visa or a specific attack on the Palins. Sarah Palin's email had already been hacked in 2008.", "Automatic negative thoughts Automatic negative thoughts (ANT) are thoughts that are negative and random in nature in reference to one\u2019s self. The Automatic Thought Questionnaire 30 (ATQ 30) is a scientific questionnaire created by Steven D. Hollon and Phillip C. Kendall that measures automatic negative thoughts. The ATQ 30 consists of 30 negative statements and asks participants to indicate how often they experienced the negative thought during the course of the week on a scale of 1\u20135 (1=Low-High=5). This measure was created in response to Aaron T. Beck \u2019s hypothesis that thinking in depressed populations tends to be negative. Example statements include \"I'm worthless\", \"I've let people down\", \"I can't get started\" and \"My future is bleak\". It has been suggested in some studies that depression is associated with having increased levels of automatic negative thoughts. Additionally, the extent of automatic negative thoughts experienced is associated with depression severity. In this disorder, people experience a high degree of fear and avoidance of social situations. There has not been much research conducted to date on the association between automatic thoughts and social anxiety disorder. However, one study by Iancu and colleagues attempted to evaluate a possible relationship. They proposed a possible relationship because of the distorted thinking that occurs with social anxiety disorder. In their study, the researchers selected a group of individuals who were diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, and then administered them automatic thought questionnaires. The study found that people with higher levels of automatic negative thoughts were more likely to show more fear and avoidance. In addition, levels of automatic thoughts that were measured were correlated with severity of symptoms. Mindfulness is a technique used to help people focus on the present moment, thereby helping in restructuring distorted thoughts and feelings. Some studies suggest that mindfulness reduces automatic negative thinking."], "answer": {"text": "others have said that Palin is a \"friend of Big Oil\" due to her advocacy of oil exploration and development", "answer_start": 1502}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Sarah Palin's public image?", "answer": {"text": "she was viewed both more favorably and unfavorably among voters than her opponent,", "answer_start": 915, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some things that people liked about her?", "answer": {"text": "her religious perspective on public life, her socially conservative views,", "answer_start": 523, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e381c98fe91e46a99f5fd82a42c16913_0_q#3", "question": "Did she ever say anything that hurt her image?", "rewrite": "Did Sarah Palin ever say anything that hurt her image?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Mrs. Clinton is pantsuits; Mrs. Palin is skirts.\" Guy Cecil, the former political director of Mrs. Clinton's campaign, said it was \"insulting\" for Republicans to compare Palin to Clinton. A \"Saturday Night Live\" skit, \"A Nonpartisan Message From Governor Sarah Palin & Senator Hillary Clinton\", counterposed Palin, played by Tina Fey, against Hillary Clinton, played by Amy Poehler. Fey presented Palin as a dimwit unable to understand global politics, as emphasized by the line: \"I can see Russia from my house.\" Former Hewlett-Packard chief executive and McCain advisor Carly Fiorina blasted that one of the Saturday Night Live parodies of Sarah Palin in a television interview: \"They were defining Hillary Clinton as very substantive and Sarah Palin as totally superficial,\" and an ABC News headline soon after ran, \"Now the McCain Campaign's Complaining that Saturday Night Live Skit Was 'Sexist'\". However, Palin stated that she found the skit amusing. \"Hillary is missing in action from the Palin-hating brigade\", opines a writer at the \"Weekly Standard.\" Former Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton referred to Palin's VP nomination as \"historic,\" stating, \"\"We should all be proud of Governor Sarah Palin's historic nomination, and I congratulate her and Senator McCain... While their policies would take America in the wrong direction, Governor Palin will add an important new voice to the debate.\" Wisconsin Congresswoman Tammy Baldwin expressed a different view: \"To the extent that this choice represents an effort to court supporters of Hillary Clinton's historic candidacy, McCain misjudges the reasons so many voters rallied around her candidacy.", "1 pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 15, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 31, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 15, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 20, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 7, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 7, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 21, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 8, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 11, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 34, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 5, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: Three (all at-large), pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Virginia's Presidential Electors Electors: 13, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 11, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Ten electors, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Three electors, all at-large, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:", "SarahPAC SarahPAC is the political action committee of former Alaska Governor, Sarah Palin. It was founded in 2009 following the resignation of Governor Palin. It endorsed candidates for various offices, then organized into local chapters in the United States of America and assisted the candidate. According to documents filed with the Federal Election Commission, SarahPAC was officially shut down as of the end of 2016. On December 8, 2010, Sarah Palin announced that her website and personal credit card information were compromised. Palin's team believed it was the work of Anonymous, though Anonymous never tweeted anything about choosing Palin as a target for the Denial-of-service attack. An Anonymous member has stated \"We don\u2019t really care about Sarah Palin that much, to be honest. I don\u2019t really know what she\u2019s trying to accomplish or what attention she is trying to gain. We personally don\u2019t care about Sarah Palin.\" Her technical team posted a screenshot of a server log file showing the wikileaks.org hostname The Visa denial of service attacks did not result in credit card data being compromised. It is unknown whether Palin's card was compromised as part of a broad attack on Visa or a specific attack on the Palins. Sarah Palin's email had already been hacked in 2008.", "21, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 11, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 7, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 6, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 8, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 9, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 10, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 12, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 17, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 10, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 6, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 11, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Nebraska is not a winner take-all state. Nebraska is the first state in the modern era to have a split electoral decision. Electors: 4, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin; 2 at large, 1 for each of the 1st and 3rd Congressional districts.", "(in response to her statement at the 2008 Republican National Convention that the difference between a pit bull and a hockey mom was lipstick). In addition, David Harrington's \"Sarah Palin Baby Name Generator\" generates hunting, industrial, hockey-related, and other idiosyncratic personal names from names that are supplied to it. Also, comedian Julie Brown re-wrote her 1980s single \"The Homecoming Queen's Got a Gun\" as a parody titled \"The Ex-Beauty Queen's Got a Gun. \" Some street art in New York City also parodied Palin before the 2008 election, including one employing Shepard Fairey's Barack Obama \"Hope\" poster. On September 13, 2008, Tina Fey appeared in a comedy skit, \"A Nonpartisan Message from Governor Sarah Palin & Senator Hillary Clinton,\" on \"Saturday Night Live\" as Sarah Palin, alongside Amy Poehler as Hillary Clinton. The sketch was written by Poehler, Fey, and head writer and \"Weekend Update\" anchor Seth Meyers. The following year Fey won an Emmy in the category of Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her impersonation of Palin. Due to its popularity, additional sketches with Tina Fey as Sarah Palin were seen in later \"SNL\" episodes leading up to the weekend before the election, with Fey ultimately performing her impersonation alongside both the real Palin and John McCain. Palin has said that, before her national prominence, she once dressed up as Fey on Halloween. Palin herself has appeared several times on \"Saturday Night Live\" or its primetime specials; a couple skits have featured guest stars mistaking Palin for Fey. On September 27, 2008, Nicole Parker portrayed Sarah Palin during a mock Q&A session in a live audience."], "answer": {"text": "Media outlets repeated Palin's statement that she \"stood up to Big Oil\"", "answer_start": 1136}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Sarah Palin's public image?", "answer": {"text": "she was viewed both more favorably and unfavorably among voters than her opponent,", "answer_start": 915, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some things that people liked about her?", "answer": {"text": "her religious perspective on public life, her socially conservative views,", "answer_start": 523, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some negative thoughts about her?", "answer": {"text": "others have said that Palin is a \"friend of Big Oil\" due to her advocacy of oil exploration and development", "answer_start": 1502, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e381c98fe91e46a99f5fd82a42c16913_0_q#4", "question": "Did the public make a joke out of her?", "rewrite": "Did the public make a joke out of Sarah Palin?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["1 pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 15, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 31, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 15, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 20, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 7, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 7, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 21, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 8, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 11, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 34, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 5, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: Three (all at-large), pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Virginia's Presidential Electors Electors: 13, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 11, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Ten electors, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Three electors, all at-large, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:", "Mrs. Clinton is pantsuits; Mrs. Palin is skirts.\" Guy Cecil, the former political director of Mrs. Clinton's campaign, said it was \"insulting\" for Republicans to compare Palin to Clinton. A \"Saturday Night Live\" skit, \"A Nonpartisan Message From Governor Sarah Palin & Senator Hillary Clinton\", counterposed Palin, played by Tina Fey, against Hillary Clinton, played by Amy Poehler. Fey presented Palin as a dimwit unable to understand global politics, as emphasized by the line: \"I can see Russia from my house.\" Former Hewlett-Packard chief executive and McCain advisor Carly Fiorina blasted that one of the Saturday Night Live parodies of Sarah Palin in a television interview: \"They were defining Hillary Clinton as very substantive and Sarah Palin as totally superficial,\" and an ABC News headline soon after ran, \"Now the McCain Campaign's Complaining that Saturday Night Live Skit Was 'Sexist'\". However, Palin stated that she found the skit amusing. \"Hillary is missing in action from the Palin-hating brigade\", opines a writer at the \"Weekly Standard.\" Former Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton referred to Palin's VP nomination as \"historic,\" stating, \"\"We should all be proud of Governor Sarah Palin's historic nomination, and I congratulate her and Senator McCain... While their policies would take America in the wrong direction, Governor Palin will add an important new voice to the debate.\" Wisconsin Congresswoman Tammy Baldwin expressed a different view: \"To the extent that this choice represents an effort to court supporters of Hillary Clinton's historic candidacy, McCain misjudges the reasons so many voters rallied around her candidacy.", "(in response to her statement at the 2008 Republican National Convention that the difference between a pit bull and a hockey mom was lipstick). In addition, David Harrington's \"Sarah Palin Baby Name Generator\" generates hunting, industrial, hockey-related, and other idiosyncratic personal names from names that are supplied to it. Also, comedian Julie Brown re-wrote her 1980s single \"The Homecoming Queen's Got a Gun\" as a parody titled \"The Ex-Beauty Queen's Got a Gun. \" Some street art in New York City also parodied Palin before the 2008 election, including one employing Shepard Fairey's Barack Obama \"Hope\" poster. On September 13, 2008, Tina Fey appeared in a comedy skit, \"A Nonpartisan Message from Governor Sarah Palin & Senator Hillary Clinton,\" on \"Saturday Night Live\" as Sarah Palin, alongside Amy Poehler as Hillary Clinton. The sketch was written by Poehler, Fey, and head writer and \"Weekend Update\" anchor Seth Meyers. The following year Fey won an Emmy in the category of Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her impersonation of Palin. Due to its popularity, additional sketches with Tina Fey as Sarah Palin were seen in later \"SNL\" episodes leading up to the weekend before the election, with Fey ultimately performing her impersonation alongside both the real Palin and John McCain. Palin has said that, before her national prominence, she once dressed up as Fey on Halloween. Palin herself has appeared several times on \"Saturday Night Live\" or its primetime specials; a couple skits have featured guest stars mistaking Palin for Fey. On September 27, 2008, Nicole Parker portrayed Sarah Palin during a mock Q&A session in a live audience.", "21, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 11, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 7, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 6, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 8, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 9, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 10, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 12, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 17, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 10, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 6, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 11, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Nebraska is not a winner take-all state. Nebraska is the first state in the modern era to have a split electoral decision. Electors: 4, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin; 2 at large, 1 for each of the 1st and 3rd Congressional districts.", "SarahPAC SarahPAC is the political action committee of former Alaska Governor, Sarah Palin. It was founded in 2009 following the resignation of Governor Palin. It endorsed candidates for various offices, then organized into local chapters in the United States of America and assisted the candidate. According to documents filed with the Federal Election Commission, SarahPAC was officially shut down as of the end of 2016. On December 8, 2010, Sarah Palin announced that her website and personal credit card information were compromised. Palin's team believed it was the work of Anonymous, though Anonymous never tweeted anything about choosing Palin as a target for the Denial-of-service attack. An Anonymous member has stated \"We don\u2019t really care about Sarah Palin that much, to be honest. I don\u2019t really know what she\u2019s trying to accomplish or what attention she is trying to gain. We personally don\u2019t care about Sarah Palin.\" Her technical team posted a screenshot of a server log file showing the wikileaks.org hostname The Visa denial of service attacks did not result in credit card data being compromised. It is unknown whether Palin's card was compromised as part of a broad attack on Visa or a specific attack on the Palins. Sarah Palin's email had already been hacked in 2008."], "answer": {"text": "Palin's experience in foreign and domestic politics came under criticism among conservatives as well as liberals following her nomination.", "answer_start": 636}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Sarah Palin's public image?", "answer": {"text": "she was viewed both more favorably and unfavorably among voters than her opponent,", "answer_start": 915, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some things that people liked about her?", "answer": {"text": "her religious perspective on public life, her socially conservative views,", "answer_start": 523, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some negative thoughts about her?", "answer": {"text": "others have said that Palin is a \"friend of Big Oil\" due to her advocacy of oil exploration and development", "answer_start": 1502, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she ever say anything that hurt her image?", "answer": {"text": "Media outlets repeated Palin's statement that she \"stood up to Big Oil\"", "answer_start": 1136, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e381c98fe91e46a99f5fd82a42c16913_0_q#5", "question": "What was her nomination for?", "rewrite": "What was Sarah Palin's nomination for?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1 pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 15, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 31, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 15, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 20, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 7, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 7, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 21, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 8, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 11, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 34, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 5, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: Three (all at-large), pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Virginia's Presidential Electors Electors: 13, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 11, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Ten electors, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Three electors, all at-large, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:", "Mrs. Clinton is pantsuits; Mrs. Palin is skirts.\" Guy Cecil, the former political director of Mrs. Clinton's campaign, said it was \"insulting\" for Republicans to compare Palin to Clinton. A \"Saturday Night Live\" skit, \"A Nonpartisan Message From Governor Sarah Palin & Senator Hillary Clinton\", counterposed Palin, played by Tina Fey, against Hillary Clinton, played by Amy Poehler. Fey presented Palin as a dimwit unable to understand global politics, as emphasized by the line: \"I can see Russia from my house.\" Former Hewlett-Packard chief executive and McCain advisor Carly Fiorina blasted that one of the Saturday Night Live parodies of Sarah Palin in a television interview: \"They were defining Hillary Clinton as very substantive and Sarah Palin as totally superficial,\" and an ABC News headline soon after ran, \"Now the McCain Campaign's Complaining that Saturday Night Live Skit Was 'Sexist'\". However, Palin stated that she found the skit amusing. \"Hillary is missing in action from the Palin-hating brigade\", opines a writer at the \"Weekly Standard.\" Former Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton referred to Palin's VP nomination as \"historic,\" stating, \"\"We should all be proud of Governor Sarah Palin's historic nomination, and I congratulate her and Senator McCain... While their policies would take America in the wrong direction, Governor Palin will add an important new voice to the debate.\" Wisconsin Congresswoman Tammy Baldwin expressed a different view: \"To the extent that this choice represents an effort to court supporters of Hillary Clinton's historic candidacy, McCain misjudges the reasons so many voters rallied around her candidacy.", "Public image of Sarah Palin Sarah Palin, while serving as Governor of Alaska, was nominated as the first female candidate of the Republican Party for Vice President of the United States. Following the nomination, her public image came under close media scrutiny, particularly regarding her religious perspective on public life, her socially conservative views, and a perceived lack of experience. Palin's experience in foreign and domestic politics came under criticism among conservatives as well as liberals following her nomination. A poll taken by Rasmussen Reports just after the Republican National Convention in the first week of September 2008 found that Palin was more popular than either Barack Obama or John McCain; however, this perception later reversed. At the same time, Palin became more popular among Republicans than McCain. A February 2010 \"ABC News/Washington Post\" poll showed 71% of Americans felt Palin lacked the qualifications necessary to be President of the United States. Prior to the Republican National Convention, a Gallup poll found that most voters were unfamiliar with Sarah Palin. 39% said she is ready to serve as president if needed, 33% said she is not, and 29% had no opinion. This was \"the lowest vote of confidence in a running mate since the elder George Bush chose then-Indiana senator Dan Quayle to join his ticket in 1988.\" Republicans cited her tenure in executive office, high popularity, past focus on ethics and energy issues, her personal life, as well as her command of the Alaska National Guard and Alaska's proximity to foreign countries among reasons for the choice of Sarah Palin. Criticism focused on her limited foreign policy experience and work on major policy issues and claims of low amount of actual responsibility as well as alleged misconduct during her time in office. Her readiness to step in should the president be incapacitated was also questioned.", "21, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 11, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 7, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 6, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 8, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 9, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 10, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 12, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 17, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 10, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 6, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 11, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Nebraska is not a winner take-all state. Nebraska is the first state in the modern era to have a split electoral decision. Electors: 4, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin; 2 at large, 1 for each of the 1st and 3rd Congressional districts.", "(in response to her statement at the 2008 Republican National Convention that the difference between a pit bull and a hockey mom was lipstick). In addition, David Harrington's \"Sarah Palin Baby Name Generator\" generates hunting, industrial, hockey-related, and other idiosyncratic personal names from names that are supplied to it. Also, comedian Julie Brown re-wrote her 1980s single \"The Homecoming Queen's Got a Gun\" as a parody titled \"The Ex-Beauty Queen's Got a Gun. \" Some street art in New York City also parodied Palin before the 2008 election, including one employing Shepard Fairey's Barack Obama \"Hope\" poster. On September 13, 2008, Tina Fey appeared in a comedy skit, \"A Nonpartisan Message from Governor Sarah Palin & Senator Hillary Clinton,\" on \"Saturday Night Live\" as Sarah Palin, alongside Amy Poehler as Hillary Clinton. The sketch was written by Poehler, Fey, and head writer and \"Weekend Update\" anchor Seth Meyers. The following year Fey won an Emmy in the category of Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her impersonation of Palin. Due to its popularity, additional sketches with Tina Fey as Sarah Palin were seen in later \"SNL\" episodes leading up to the weekend before the election, with Fey ultimately performing her impersonation alongside both the real Palin and John McCain. Palin has said that, before her national prominence, she once dressed up as Fey on Halloween. Palin herself has appeared several times on \"Saturday Night Live\" or its primetime specials; a couple skits have featured guest stars mistaking Palin for Fey. On September 27, 2008, Nicole Parker portrayed Sarah Palin during a mock Q&A session in a live audience."], "answer": {"text": "to become vice president,", "answer_start": 141}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Sarah Palin's public image?", "answer": {"text": "she was viewed both more favorably and unfavorably among voters than her opponent,", "answer_start": 915, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some things that people liked about her?", "answer": {"text": "her religious perspective on public life, her socially conservative views,", "answer_start": 523, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some negative thoughts about her?", "answer": {"text": "others have said that Palin is a \"friend of Big Oil\" due to her advocacy of oil exploration and development", "answer_start": 1502, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she ever say anything that hurt her image?", "answer": {"text": "Media outlets repeated Palin's statement that she \"stood up to Big Oil\"", "answer_start": 1136, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the public make a joke out of her?", "answer": {"text": "Palin's experience in foreign and domestic politics came under criticism among conservatives as well as liberals following her nomination.", "answer_start": 636, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e381c98fe91e46a99f5fd82a42c16913_0_q#6", "question": "Who was she running with?", "rewrite": "Who was Sarah Palin running with?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["SarahPAC SarahPAC is the political action committee of former Alaska Governor, Sarah Palin. It was founded in 2009 following the resignation of Governor Palin. It endorsed candidates for various offices, then organized into local chapters in the United States of America and assisted the candidate. According to documents filed with the Federal Election Commission, SarahPAC was officially shut down as of the end of 2016. On December 8, 2010, Sarah Palin announced that her website and personal credit card information were compromised. Palin's team believed it was the work of Anonymous, though Anonymous never tweeted anything about choosing Palin as a target for the Denial-of-service attack. An Anonymous member has stated \"We don\u2019t really care about Sarah Palin that much, to be honest. I don\u2019t really know what she\u2019s trying to accomplish or what attention she is trying to gain. We personally don\u2019t care about Sarah Palin.\" Her technical team posted a screenshot of a server log file showing the wikileaks.org hostname The Visa denial of service attacks did not result in credit card data being compromised. It is unknown whether Palin's card was compromised as part of a broad attack on Visa or a specific attack on the Palins. Sarah Palin's email had already been hacked in 2008.", "Mrs. Clinton is pantsuits; Mrs. Palin is skirts.\" Guy Cecil, the former political director of Mrs. Clinton's campaign, said it was \"insulting\" for Republicans to compare Palin to Clinton. A \"Saturday Night Live\" skit, \"A Nonpartisan Message From Governor Sarah Palin & Senator Hillary Clinton\", counterposed Palin, played by Tina Fey, against Hillary Clinton, played by Amy Poehler. Fey presented Palin as a dimwit unable to understand global politics, as emphasized by the line: \"I can see Russia from my house.\" Former Hewlett-Packard chief executive and McCain advisor Carly Fiorina blasted that one of the Saturday Night Live parodies of Sarah Palin in a television interview: \"They were defining Hillary Clinton as very substantive and Sarah Palin as totally superficial,\" and an ABC News headline soon after ran, \"Now the McCain Campaign's Complaining that Saturday Night Live Skit Was 'Sexist'\". However, Palin stated that she found the skit amusing. \"Hillary is missing in action from the Palin-hating brigade\", opines a writer at the \"Weekly Standard.\" Former Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton referred to Palin's VP nomination as \"historic,\" stating, \"\"We should all be proud of Governor Sarah Palin's historic nomination, and I congratulate her and Senator McCain... While their policies would take America in the wrong direction, Governor Palin will add an important new voice to the debate.\" Wisconsin Congresswoman Tammy Baldwin expressed a different view: \"To the extent that this choice represents an effort to court supporters of Hillary Clinton's historic candidacy, McCain misjudges the reasons so many voters rallied around her candidacy.", "(in response to her statement at the 2008 Republican National Convention that the difference between a pit bull and a hockey mom was lipstick). In addition, David Harrington's \"Sarah Palin Baby Name Generator\" generates hunting, industrial, hockey-related, and other idiosyncratic personal names from names that are supplied to it. Also, comedian Julie Brown re-wrote her 1980s single \"The Homecoming Queen's Got a Gun\" as a parody titled \"The Ex-Beauty Queen's Got a Gun. \" Some street art in New York City also parodied Palin before the 2008 election, including one employing Shepard Fairey's Barack Obama \"Hope\" poster. On September 13, 2008, Tina Fey appeared in a comedy skit, \"A Nonpartisan Message from Governor Sarah Palin & Senator Hillary Clinton,\" on \"Saturday Night Live\" as Sarah Palin, alongside Amy Poehler as Hillary Clinton. The sketch was written by Poehler, Fey, and head writer and \"Weekend Update\" anchor Seth Meyers. The following year Fey won an Emmy in the category of Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her impersonation of Palin. Due to its popularity, additional sketches with Tina Fey as Sarah Palin were seen in later \"SNL\" episodes leading up to the weekend before the election, with Fey ultimately performing her impersonation alongside both the real Palin and John McCain. Palin has said that, before her national prominence, she once dressed up as Fey on Halloween. Palin herself has appeared several times on \"Saturday Night Live\" or its primetime specials; a couple skits have featured guest stars mistaking Palin for Fey. On September 27, 2008, Nicole Parker portrayed Sarah Palin during a mock Q&A session in a live audience.", "21, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 11, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 7, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 6, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 8, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 9, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 10, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 12, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 17, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 10, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 6, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 11, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Nebraska is not a winner take-all state. Nebraska is the first state in the modern era to have a split electoral decision. Electors: 4, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin; 2 at large, 1 for each of the 1st and 3rd Congressional districts.", "1 pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 15, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 31, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 15, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 20, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 7, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 7, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 21, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 8, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 11, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 34, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 5, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: Three (all at-large), pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Virginia's Presidential Electors Electors: 13, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 11, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Ten electors, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Three electors, all at-large, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:"], "answer": {"text": "McCain announced Palin as his running mate,", "answer_start": 871}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Sarah Palin's public image?", "answer": {"text": "she was viewed both more favorably and unfavorably among voters than her opponent,", "answer_start": 915, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some things that people liked about her?", "answer": {"text": "her religious perspective on public life, her socially conservative views,", "answer_start": 523, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some negative thoughts about her?", "answer": {"text": "others have said that Palin is a \"friend of Big Oil\" due to her advocacy of oil exploration and development", "answer_start": 1502, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she ever say anything that hurt her image?", "answer": {"text": "Media outlets repeated Palin's statement that she \"stood up to Big Oil\"", "answer_start": 1136, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the public make a joke out of her?", "answer": {"text": "Palin's experience in foreign and domestic politics came under criticism among conservatives as well as liberals following her nomination.", "answer_start": 636, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her nomination for?", "answer": {"text": "to become vice president,", "answer_start": 141, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e381c98fe91e46a99f5fd82a42c16913_0_q#7", "question": "Had she worked in politics for being nominated for Vice President?", "rewrite": "Had Sarah Palin worked in politics for being nominated for Vice President?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["List of 2008 United States presidential electors This is a list of electors (members of the Electoral College) who cast ballots to elect the President of the United States and Vice President of the United States in the 2008 presidential election. There are 538 electors from the 50 states and the District of Columbia. While every state except Nebraska and Maine chooses the electors by statewide vote, many states require that one elector be designated for each congressional district. Except where otherwise noted, such designations refer to the elector's residence in that district rather than election by the voters of the district. Electors: 9, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 10, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 6, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 55, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 9, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 7, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 3, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 3, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 27, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden Electors: 15, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 4, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors:", "Saturday Night Live parodies of Sarah Palin The sketch comedy television show \" Saturday Night Live\" aired several critically acclaimed sketches parodying then Alaskan Governor and vice-presidential nominee Sarah Palin in the lead-up to the 2008 United States presidential election. The sketches featured former cast member Tina Fey, who returned as a guest star to portray Palin. Fey won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her impersonation of Palin. Soon after the 2008 John McCain presidential campaign's August 29, 2008 announcement that Alaska governor Sarah Palin would be McCain's vice presidential nominee, people noted a physical resemblance between comedian Tina Fey and Palin. Fey had decided she would play Palin after her daughter saw a picture of the Alaskan governor and mistook Palin for her mother. Viewers began to speculate who would play Palin on \"SNL\" during the run up to the November 4 presidential election. Days before the broadcast of the sketch, \"SNL\" executive producer Lorne Michaels said \"there are [ongoing] discussions\" about Fey playing Palin. On September 13, 2008, NBC announced that Fey would appear in the thirty-fourth-season premiere. The first sketch, \"A Nonpartisan Message from Governor Sarah Palin & Senator Hillary Clinton,\" aired during the thirty-fourth season premiere of \"SNL\" on September 13, 2008. The sketch starred Tina Fey and Amy Poehler as Palin and Clinton, respectively. Fey, the series' former head writer and repertory player, made her third appearance on the series since officially leaving \"SNL\" in 2006 to work on \"30 Rock\", a series which she created. The sketch was written by Poehler, Fey, and head writer and \"Weekend Update\" anchor Seth Meyers.", "Guy Cecil, the former political director of Mrs. Clinton's campaign, said it was \"insulting\" for Republicans to compare Ms. Palin to Mrs. Clinton. \" The \"Saturday Night Live\" skit \"A Nonpartisan Message from Governor Sarah Palin & Senator Hillary Clinton\" counterpoised Palin, played by Tina Fey, against Hillary Clinton, played by Amy Poehler. The skit pointed out their opposing political views and presented Palin as unversed in global politics, as emphasized by the line: \"I can see Russia from my house. \" Ex-Hewlett-Packard chief executive and former McCain advisor Carly Fiorina blasted the Saturday Night Live sketch in a television interview: \"They were defining Hillary Clinton as very substantive and Sarah Palin as totally superficial,\" and an ABC news blog headline soon after ran, \"Now the McCain Campaign's Complaining that Saturday Night Live Skit Was 'Sexist'.\" In a September 2008 article, Chad Baus the vice chairman of the Buckeye Firearms Association comments: \"Unlike Mitt Romney and John Kerry, Palin is a life-long NRA member and big animal hunter... In seeking to assuage the concerns of gun owners about his spotty record on guns and rally them to the polls, John McCain couldn't have made a better choice. \" In its brief, \"Sarah Palin and Joe Biden: Worlds Apart,\" the National Rifle Association says nothing specific about Palin's position on gun legislation but concludes: \"Gov. Sarah Palin would be one of the most pro-gun vice-presidents in American history.\" On August 7, 2009 Palin released a statement on her Facebook page in which she said, \"The America", "1 pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 15, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 31, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 15, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 20, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 7, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 7, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 21, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 8, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 11, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 34, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 5, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: Three (all at-large), pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Virginia's Presidential Electors Electors: 13, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 11, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Ten electors, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Three electors, all at-large, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:", "Public image of Sarah Palin Sarah Palin, while serving as Governor of Alaska, was nominated as the first female candidate of the Republican Party for Vice President of the United States. Following the nomination, her public image came under close media scrutiny, particularly regarding her religious perspective on public life, her socially conservative views, and a perceived lack of experience. Palin's experience in foreign and domestic politics came under criticism among conservatives as well as liberals following her nomination. A poll taken by Rasmussen Reports just after the Republican National Convention in the first week of September 2008 found that Palin was more popular than either Barack Obama or John McCain; however, this perception later reversed. At the same time, Palin became more popular among Republicans than McCain. A February 2010 \"ABC News/Washington Post\" poll showed 71% of Americans felt Palin lacked the qualifications necessary to be President of the United States. Prior to the Republican National Convention, a Gallup poll found that most voters were unfamiliar with Sarah Palin. 39% said she is ready to serve as president if needed, 33% said she is not, and 29% had no opinion. This was \"the lowest vote of confidence in a running mate since the elder George Bush chose then-Indiana senator Dan Quayle to join his ticket in 1988.\" Republicans cited her tenure in executive office, high popularity, past focus on ethics and energy issues, her personal life, as well as her command of the Alaska National Guard and Alaska's proximity to foreign countries among reasons for the choice of Sarah Palin. Criticism focused on her limited foreign policy experience and work on major policy issues and claims of low amount of actual responsibility as well as alleged misconduct during her time in office. Her readiness to step in should the president be incapacitated was also questioned."], "answer": {"text": "as governor.", "answer_start": 1480}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Sarah Palin's public image?", "answer": {"text": "she was viewed both more favorably and unfavorably among voters than her opponent,", "answer_start": 915, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some things that people liked about her?", "answer": {"text": "her religious perspective on public life, her socially conservative views,", "answer_start": 523, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some negative thoughts about her?", "answer": {"text": "others have said that Palin is a \"friend of Big Oil\" due to her advocacy of oil exploration and development", "answer_start": 1502, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she ever say anything that hurt her image?", "answer": {"text": "Media outlets repeated Palin's statement that she \"stood up to Big Oil\"", "answer_start": 1136, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the public make a joke out of her?", "answer": {"text": "Palin's experience in foreign and domestic politics came under criticism among conservatives as well as liberals following her nomination.", "answer_start": 636, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her nomination for?", "answer": {"text": "to become vice president,", "answer_start": 141, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was she running with?", "answer": {"text": "McCain announced Palin as his running mate,", "answer_start": 871, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e381c98fe91e46a99f5fd82a42c16913_0_q#8", "question": "What state was she governor of?", "rewrite": "What state was Sarah Palin governor of?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1 pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 15, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 31, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 15, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 20, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 7, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 7, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 21, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 8, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 11, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 34, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 5, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: Three (all at-large), pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Virginia's Presidential Electors Electors: 13, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 11, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Ten electors, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Three electors, all at-large, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:", "21, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 11, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 7, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 6, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 8, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 9, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 10, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 12, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 17, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 10, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 6, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 11, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Nebraska is not a winner take-all state. Nebraska is the first state in the modern era to have a split electoral decision. Electors: 4, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin; 2 at large, 1 for each of the 1st and 3rd Congressional districts.", "(in response to her statement at the 2008 Republican National Convention that the difference between a pit bull and a hockey mom was lipstick). In addition, David Harrington's \"Sarah Palin Baby Name Generator\" generates hunting, industrial, hockey-related, and other idiosyncratic personal names from names that are supplied to it. Also, comedian Julie Brown re-wrote her 1980s single \"The Homecoming Queen's Got a Gun\" as a parody titled \"The Ex-Beauty Queen's Got a Gun. \" Some street art in New York City also parodied Palin before the 2008 election, including one employing Shepard Fairey's Barack Obama \"Hope\" poster. On September 13, 2008, Tina Fey appeared in a comedy skit, \"A Nonpartisan Message from Governor Sarah Palin & Senator Hillary Clinton,\" on \"Saturday Night Live\" as Sarah Palin, alongside Amy Poehler as Hillary Clinton. The sketch was written by Poehler, Fey, and head writer and \"Weekend Update\" anchor Seth Meyers. The following year Fey won an Emmy in the category of Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her impersonation of Palin. Due to its popularity, additional sketches with Tina Fey as Sarah Palin were seen in later \"SNL\" episodes leading up to the weekend before the election, with Fey ultimately performing her impersonation alongside both the real Palin and John McCain. Palin has said that, before her national prominence, she once dressed up as Fey on Halloween. Palin herself has appeared several times on \"Saturday Night Live\" or its primetime specials; a couple skits have featured guest stars mistaking Palin for Fey. On September 27, 2008, Nicole Parker portrayed Sarah Palin during a mock Q&A session in a live audience.", "Saturday Night Live parodies of Sarah Palin The sketch comedy television show \" Saturday Night Live\" aired several critically acclaimed sketches parodying then Alaskan Governor and vice-presidential nominee Sarah Palin in the lead-up to the 2008 United States presidential election. The sketches featured former cast member Tina Fey, who returned as a guest star to portray Palin. Fey won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her impersonation of Palin. Soon after the 2008 John McCain presidential campaign's August 29, 2008 announcement that Alaska governor Sarah Palin would be McCain's vice presidential nominee, people noted a physical resemblance between comedian Tina Fey and Palin. Fey had decided she would play Palin after her daughter saw a picture of the Alaskan governor and mistook Palin for her mother. Viewers began to speculate who would play Palin on \"SNL\" during the run up to the November 4 presidential election. Days before the broadcast of the sketch, \"SNL\" executive producer Lorne Michaels said \"there are [ongoing] discussions\" about Fey playing Palin. On September 13, 2008, NBC announced that Fey would appear in the thirty-fourth-season premiere. The first sketch, \"A Nonpartisan Message from Governor Sarah Palin & Senator Hillary Clinton,\" aired during the thirty-fourth season premiere of \"SNL\" on September 13, 2008. The sketch starred Tina Fey and Amy Poehler as Palin and Clinton, respectively. Fey, the series' former head writer and repertory player, made her third appearance on the series since officially leaving \"SNL\" in 2006 to work on \"30 Rock\", a series which she created. The sketch was written by Poehler, Fey, and head writer and \"Weekend Update\" anchor Seth Meyers.", "Mrs. Clinton is pantsuits; Mrs. Palin is skirts.\" Guy Cecil, the former political director of Mrs. Clinton's campaign, said it was \"insulting\" for Republicans to compare Palin to Clinton. A \"Saturday Night Live\" skit, \"A Nonpartisan Message From Governor Sarah Palin & Senator Hillary Clinton\", counterposed Palin, played by Tina Fey, against Hillary Clinton, played by Amy Poehler. Fey presented Palin as a dimwit unable to understand global politics, as emphasized by the line: \"I can see Russia from my house.\" Former Hewlett-Packard chief executive and McCain advisor Carly Fiorina blasted that one of the Saturday Night Live parodies of Sarah Palin in a television interview: \"They were defining Hillary Clinton as very substantive and Sarah Palin as totally superficial,\" and an ABC News headline soon after ran, \"Now the McCain Campaign's Complaining that Saturday Night Live Skit Was 'Sexist'\". However, Palin stated that she found the skit amusing. \"Hillary is missing in action from the Palin-hating brigade\", opines a writer at the \"Weekly Standard.\" Former Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton referred to Palin's VP nomination as \"historic,\" stating, \"\"We should all be proud of Governor Sarah Palin's historic nomination, and I congratulate her and Senator McCain... While their policies would take America in the wrong direction, Governor Palin will add an important new voice to the debate.\" Wisconsin Congresswoman Tammy Baldwin expressed a different view: \"To the extent that this choice represents an effort to court supporters of Hillary Clinton's historic candidacy, McCain misjudges the reasons so many voters rallied around her candidacy."], "answer": {"text": "Alaska", "answer_start": 1261}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Sarah Palin's public image?", "answer": {"text": "she was viewed both more favorably and unfavorably among voters than her opponent,", "answer_start": 915, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some things that people liked about her?", "answer": {"text": "her religious perspective on public life, her socially conservative views,", "answer_start": 523, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some negative thoughts about her?", "answer": {"text": "others have said that Palin is a \"friend of Big Oil\" due to her advocacy of oil exploration and development", "answer_start": 1502, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she ever say anything that hurt her image?", "answer": {"text": "Media outlets repeated Palin's statement that she \"stood up to Big Oil\"", "answer_start": 1136, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the public make a joke out of her?", "answer": {"text": "Palin's experience in foreign and domestic politics came under criticism among conservatives as well as liberals following her nomination.", "answer_start": 636, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her nomination for?", "answer": {"text": "to become vice president,", "answer_start": 141, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was she running with?", "answer": {"text": "McCain announced Palin as his running mate,", "answer_start": 871, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Had she worked in politics for being nominated for Vice President?", "answer": {"text": "as governor.", "answer_start": 1480, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e381c98fe91e46a99f5fd82a42c16913_0_q#9", "question": "Was there anything else that is notable about her public image?", "rewrite": "Aside from being governer of Alaska, was there anything else that was notable about Sarah Palin's public image?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["SarahPAC SarahPAC is the political action committee of former Alaska Governor, Sarah Palin. It was founded in 2009 following the resignation of Governor Palin. It endorsed candidates for various offices, then organized into local chapters in the United States of America and assisted the candidate. According to documents filed with the Federal Election Commission, SarahPAC was officially shut down as of the end of 2016. On December 8, 2010, Sarah Palin announced that her website and personal credit card information were compromised. Palin's team believed it was the work of Anonymous, though Anonymous never tweeted anything about choosing Palin as a target for the Denial-of-service attack. An Anonymous member has stated \"We don\u2019t really care about Sarah Palin that much, to be honest. I don\u2019t really know what she\u2019s trying to accomplish or what attention she is trying to gain. We personally don\u2019t care about Sarah Palin.\" Her technical team posted a screenshot of a server log file showing the wikileaks.org hostname The Visa denial of service attacks did not result in credit card data being compromised. It is unknown whether Palin's card was compromised as part of a broad attack on Visa or a specific attack on the Palins. Sarah Palin's email had already been hacked in 2008.", "1 pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 15, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 31, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 15, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 20, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 7, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 7, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 21, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 8, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 11, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 34, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: 5, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Electors: Three (all at-large), pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Virginia's Presidential Electors Electors: 13, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 11, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Electors: 5, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin: Ten electors, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden: Three electors, all at-large, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:", "Public image of Sarah Palin Sarah Palin, while serving as Governor of Alaska, was nominated as the first female candidate of the Republican Party for Vice President of the United States. Following the nomination, her public image came under close media scrutiny, particularly regarding her religious perspective on public life, her socially conservative views, and a perceived lack of experience. Palin's experience in foreign and domestic politics came under criticism among conservatives as well as liberals following her nomination. A poll taken by Rasmussen Reports just after the Republican National Convention in the first week of September 2008 found that Palin was more popular than either Barack Obama or John McCain; however, this perception later reversed. At the same time, Palin became more popular among Republicans than McCain. A February 2010 \"ABC News/Washington Post\" poll showed 71% of Americans felt Palin lacked the qualifications necessary to be President of the United States. Prior to the Republican National Convention, a Gallup poll found that most voters were unfamiliar with Sarah Palin. 39% said she is ready to serve as president if needed, 33% said she is not, and 29% had no opinion. This was \"the lowest vote of confidence in a running mate since the elder George Bush chose then-Indiana senator Dan Quayle to join his ticket in 1988.\" Republicans cited her tenure in executive office, high popularity, past focus on ethics and energy issues, her personal life, as well as her command of the Alaska National Guard and Alaska's proximity to foreign countries among reasons for the choice of Sarah Palin. Criticism focused on her limited foreign policy experience and work on major policy issues and claims of low amount of actual responsibility as well as alleged misconduct during her time in office. Her readiness to step in should the president be incapacitated was also questioned.", "Governorship of Sarah Palin In 2006, Sarah Palin was elected governor of Alaska. Running on a clean-government platform, Palin defeated incumbent Governor Frank Murkowski in the Republican gubernatorial primary election in August. She then went on to win the general election in November, defeating former Governor Tony Knowles 48.3% to 40.9%. Her running mate was State Senator Sean Parnell. During the Republican gubernatorial primary campaign, Palin was endorsed by former Alaska Governor Walter Hickel, and groups such as the Alaska Correctional Officers Association and Alaska Right to Life. Later, in the general election for governor, she was supported by Governor Frank Murkowski. Republican U.S. Senator Ted Stevens made a last-moment endorsement, filming a television commercial with Palin for the gubernatorial campaign. During her campaign for governor, Palin declared that education, public safety, and transportation would be the three cornerstones of her administration. She won the race despite spending less than her Democratic opponent. Palin became Alaska's first female governor and, at 42, the youngest in state history. She is the first Alaskan governor born after Alaska achieved U.S. statehood and the first governor not inaugurated in Juneau; she chose to have the ceremony in Fairbanks instead. She took office on December 4, 2006, and maintained a high approval rating throughout her term. On July 3, 2009, Sarah Palin announced her resignation as governor of Alaska. She stepped down on July 26, 2009, being replaced by Lieutenant Governor Sean Parnell. Palin had championed ethics reform throughout her election campaign. Her first legislative action after taking office was to push for a bipartisan ethics reform bill. She signed the resulting legislation in July 2007, calling it a \"first step\" declaring that she remains determined to clean up Alaska politics.", "Sarah Palin's Alaska Sarah Palin's Alaska is an American reality television show hosted by former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin. According to Palin, the show's aim is to bring \"the wonder and majesty of Alaska to all Americans\". The series, which began airing on TLC in November 2010, broadcast 8 episodes and 1 clip show. The show was part travelogue and part documentary series, according to a story in \"The Vancouver Sun\", six months before the release of the series trailer. In reviewing the first episode, \"The New York Times\" said the show allows viewers to \"observe Ms. Palin observing nature\". The show was not renewed for a second season. The show was produced by Mark Burnett Productions for Discovery Communications. In reviewing the first episode, \"The New York Times\" said \"Sarah Palin's Alaska\" is a reality show living up to its title, and \"a nature series for political voyeurs\" that allows \"viewers to get to observe Ms. Palin observing nature\". The paper commended Palin for her political courage in appearing in the series and for not being afraid to be herself. \" The Telegraph\" said the series received mixed reviews, with critics and commentators saying the show seemed intended as a vehicle to help Palin relaunch her political career. Five million viewers tuned in for the premiere episode, a record for TLC. The second episode attracted 3 million viewers, a 40% drop in viewership. Before the airing of the last episode, \"Entertainment Weekly\" reported that the show had maintained an average viewership of 3.2 million per week, but that it would not be renewed for a second season. \" Entertainment Weekly\" said that if the Palin chose to do another season, it would have been interpreted as a sign that she would not be running for president in 2012."], "answer": {"text": "Following the convention, her image came under close media scrutiny, particularly with regard to her religious perspective on public life, her socially conservative views, and her perceived lack of experience.", "answer_start": 426}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Sarah Palin's public image?", "answer": {"text": "she was viewed both more favorably and unfavorably among voters than her opponent,", "answer_start": 915, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some things that people liked about her?", "answer": {"text": "her religious perspective on public life, her socially conservative views,", "answer_start": 523, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some negative thoughts about her?", "answer": {"text": "others have said that Palin is a \"friend of Big Oil\" due to her advocacy of oil exploration and development", "answer_start": 1502, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she ever say anything that hurt her image?", "answer": {"text": "Media outlets repeated Palin's statement that she \"stood up to Big Oil\"", "answer_start": 1136, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the public make a joke out of her?", "answer": {"text": "Palin's experience in foreign and domestic politics came under criticism among conservatives as well as liberals following her nomination.", "answer_start": 636, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her nomination for?", "answer": {"text": "to become vice president,", "answer_start": 141, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was she running with?", "answer": {"text": "McCain announced Palin as his running mate,", "answer_start": 871, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Had she worked in politics for being nominated for Vice President?", "answer": {"text": "as governor.", "answer_start": 1480, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What state was she governor of?", "answer": {"text": "Alaska", "answer_start": 1261, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_96e95e9249d84614a27646589a1af9da_1_q#0", "question": "What did Menken's do after he graduated?", "rewrite": "What did Menken's do after he graduated?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Solomon Stanwood Menken Solomon Stanwood Menken (1870 - 1954) was an attorney in the United States best known for having founded the National Security League. Menken was born in Memphis, Tennessee in 1870 to Nathan Menken, who owned a dry goods store. The family moved to New York City when Menken was a boy. He attended the City College of New York but transferred to Cornell University, graduating in 1890. He later received a Bachelor of Laws from Columbia University. Although his parents were Jewish, Menken converted to Christianity and started using his middle name, Stanwood. He married a wealthy New York City socialite; they had one son, Arthur Menken, who became a successful newsreel cameraman for Paramount Pictures and a war correspondent who would later film the Nanking Massacre and the Spanish Civil War). Menken became a successful corporate lawyer with the firm of Philbin, Beckman and Menken, whose clients included J.P. Morgan. Menken became active in progressive politics. He helped found New York City's Reform Club and supported the \"single tax\" movement. He ran for office in New York City in 1896 on a ticket with noted politician Henry George. A longtime Democrat, he helped found the Democratic League of New York in September 1909, and for many years raised money and helped support the party in elections. He began supporting liberal Republicans and Progressives in 1912, and campaigned for Theodore Roosevelt and Robert M. La Follette, Sr.. A noted Anglophile, he was in Great Britain with his wife Gretchen (n\u00e9e von Briesen) when World War I began, and was deeply distressed by Britain's inability to mobilize quickly for war. They returned to the United States aboard the RMS \"Olympic\" on August 29, 1914.", "The film consists of short snippets of film she had shot over the years, spliced together in a meditative fashion. Menken continued to make films that both took influence from and commented on the various art movements her contemporaries took part in, including abstract expressionism with \"Drips in Strips\" (1963) and pop art in \"Andy Warhol\" (1964). In 1931 she met Willard Maas, a professor of literature at Wagner College in Staten Island. They married in 1937, but it was a rocky and unstable marriage, described as a \"succession of fights and drinking bouts\". Menken and Maas lived at 62 Montague Street in Brooklyn. As core members of the Gryphon Group, Menken and Maas were highly respected by the experimental and avant-garde art circles of the time. Menken was known for her association with and influence on many of the leading members of the movement, including pop artist Andy Warhol, painter and experimental filmmakers Kenneth Anger and Stan Brakhage. According to the 2006 film documentary \"Notes on Marie Menken\" produced by Martina Kudl\u00e1\u010dek, it was Marie who schooled Warhol on using the 16mm Bolex. The film presents never-before-seen footage by Menken salvaged from basements and storage vaults, including a camera \"duel\" for Bolexes between Menken and Andy Warhol; the two are seen dueling on top of a New York City building, facing each other with Bolex Cameras and dancing in circles around each other while gliding across the roof-top of Menken's penthouse apartment. Menken later appeared in such Warhol films as \"Screen Tests\" (1964), \"The Life of Juanita Castro\" (1965) and \"Chelsea Girls\" (1966), among others.", "Menken won another Oscar for Best Score. The two were working on Aladdin at the time of Ashman's death in 1991. Subsequently, Menken went to collaborate with Tim Rice to finish the songs for the film. The film won an Oscar in 1992 for Best Song: \"A Whole New World\". Menken also won the Oscar for Best Score. Menken's live action musical film Newsies, with lyrics by Jack Feldman, was released in 1992. Three more animated musical films followed. Menken collaborated with Stephen Schwartz for Pocahontas, for which the two won two Oscars: Best Song and Best Musical or Comedy Score. In 1996, the same musical team created the songs, and Menken, the score, for The Hunchback of Notre Dame. In 1997, Menken reunited with his early collaborator, David Zippel, for his last animated musical film in the series, Hercules. Menken also wrote the music for the Michael J. Fox vehicle Life with Mikey (1993), the holiday film Noel (2004) and Mirror Mirror (2012). His other film scores for Disney have included Home on the Range (2004), the Tim Allen remake of The Shaggy Dog (2006), Enchanted (2007) and Tangled (2010). In March 2017, Disney released a live action film adaptation of Beauty and the Beast, with the songs from the 1991 film and new material by Menken and Rice. As of 2017, Menken is collaborating on writing new songs with Pasek and Paul for a live-action film remake of Aladdin and is also working with Lin-Manuel Miranda on new music for a live-action film adaptation of The Little Mermaid. With eight Academy Awards (four each for best score and best song), only composer Alfred Newman (nine wins) and Walt Disney (22 wins) have received more Oscars than Menken.", "Carol Menken-Schaudt Carol Jean Menken-Schaudt (born November 23, 1957) is an American All-American basketball player from Jefferson, Oregon, who won a gold medal on the U.S. team at the 1984 Summer Olympics. Menken-Schaudt later played basketball professionally for eight seasons, including six years in Italy and two in Japan. Menken-Schaudt is a 1993 inductee into the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame. Carol Menken, born in Albany, Oregon, attended and graduated Jefferson High School in Jefferson, Oregon, a small community located in Marion County. During her time at the small school Menken was unable to play high school basketball every year as a coach was not always available. Consequently, following her graduation in 1975 Menken was unrecruited and she enrolled on her own at the local Linn-Benton Community College, majoring in graphic arts. Menken was enticed to try out for the Linn-Benton women's basketball team and she became one of just seven players on the club. She approached Oregon State University (OSU) about the possibility of playing collegiately and received a partial scholarship, joining the team for its 1979\u20131980 season. The raw young player became a special project for OSU head coach Aki Hill, who helped Menken develop her fundamental skills, including a solid back-to-the-basket game in the low post and smooth turnaround jump shot. Menken's work paid off and she was named a 1981 All-American following her senior year, 1980\u201381, during which she led the nation in field goal percentage at .750. Menken still holds Oregon State's career records for points (2,243), rebounds (901), and field goal percentage (.692).", "Shepard Menken Shepard Menken (November 2, 1921 \u2013 January 2, 1999) was an American film, television, voice, radio and character actor. Menken began his career at the age of 11, when he started appearing on children's radio programs. After high school, Menken attended Columbia University, and later studied performing arts at the Neighborhood Playhouse Theatre and the Juilliard School of Music. Menken made his film debut in 1949 with a supporting role in \"The Red Menace\", and eventually appeared onscreen in 17 movies. Menken worked steadily as a television actor, appearing on such series as \"I Love Lucy\", \"I Spy\", and \"The Wild Wild West\". He was also in demand as a voice talent, working on animated cartoons for Hanna-Barbera, UPA, and Marvel Productions, as well as advertising spots for StarKist Tuna and Mattel Toys; his was the voice intoning, \"The only way to fly!\" in Western Airlines' spots in the 1960s. Menken voiced the Clyde Crashcup character in \"The Alvin Show\", as well as the character Tonto in the 1966-69 animated series \"The Lone Ranger\". He also voiced the Spelling Bee and Chroma the Great in the 1970 live-action/animated film \"The Phantom Tollbooth\", and provided the voice for the title character in \"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi\". In 1963, Menken formed his own company, Malibu Films, which specialized in educational and industrial films. Shepard Menken died in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Woodland Hills two months after his 77th birthday."], "answer": {"text": "After graduating, Menken's plan was to become either a rock star or a recording artist.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_96e95e9249d84614a27646589a1af9da_1_q#1", "question": "Did he follow that plan?", "rewrite": "Did Menken follow his plan to become a rock star or a recording artist?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["After graduating, Menken's plan was to become either a rock star or a recording artist. His interest in writing musicals increased when he joined the Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) Musical Theatre Workshop and was mentored by Lehman Engel. From 1974 to 1978, he showcased various BMI workshop works, such as Midnight, Apartment House (lyric by Muriel Robinson), Conversations with Pierre,Harry the Rat and Messiah on Mott Street (lyrics by David Zippel). According to Menken, during this period, he \"worked as a ballet and modern dance accompanist, a musical director for club acts, a jingle writer, arranger, a songwriter for Sesame Street and a vocal coach. He performed his material at clubs like The Ballroom, Reno Sweeny and Tramps.\" In 1976, John Wilson reported for The New York Times that members of Engel's BMI Workshop began performing as part of the \"Broadway at the Ballroom\" series: \"The opening workshop program ... featured Maury Yeston and Alan Menken, both playing their piano accompaniment and singing songs they have written for potential musicals.\" Wilson reviewed a performance at the Ballroom in 1977 where Menken accompanied a singer: \"In the current cabaret world, a piano accompanist is no longer expected to merely play piano for a singer. More and more, pianists can be heard joining in vocally, harmonizing with the singer, creating a background of shouts and exclamations or even doing brief passages of solo singing.\" Menken contributed material to revues like New York's Back in Town, Big Apple Country, The Present Tense (1977), Real Life Funnies (Off-Broadway, 1981), Diamonds (Off-Broadway, 1984), and Personals (Off-Off-Broadway, 1985).", "Rock Star (Reece Mastin song) \"Rock Star\" is a song by British-Australian recording artist Reece Mastin, taken from his second studio album, \"Beautiful Nightmare\" (2012). It was released digitally on 5 October 2012, as the third single from the album. \"Rock Star\" was written by Mastin, Brian Howes and Rune Westberg, who also produced the song. \"Rock Star\" peaked at number 16 in Australia and number 14 in New Zealand. It was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting sales of 70,000 copies. \"Rock Star\" is a pop rock song that features \"American sounding guitar riffs\". A writer for Take 40 Australia likened the song's sound to Wheatus and Jimmy Eat World. Cameron Adams of the \"Herald Sun\" noted that it \"channels\" Wheatus' \"Teenage Dirtbag\" (2000) Avril Lavigne's \"Sk8er Boi\" (2002). Jamie Horne of \"The Border Mail\" described \"Rock Star\" as \"super-likable\". Scott Murphy of Smurphy Reviews refereed the song as having \"Beautiful lyrical execution\". A writer for \"The Hot Hits\" wrote that the song \"does not disappoint\". \"Rock Star\" debuted at number 31 on the ARIA Singles Chart dated 15 October 2012. The following week, it peaked at number 16. On the New Zealand Singles Chart, the song debuted and peaked at number 14. \" Rock Star\" was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting sales of 70,000 copies. The accompanying music video for \"Rock Star\" premiered on Vevo on 9 October 2012. Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Beautiful Nightmare\".", "Rock Star: Supernova Rock Star: Supernova is the second season of the reality television show \"Rock Star\". The show, hosted by Dave Navarro and Brooke Burke, featured 15 contestants competing to become the lead vocalist for a newly formed supergroup featuring M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce drummer Tommy Lee, former Metallica bassist Jason Newsted, and former Guns N' Roses guitarist Gilby Clarke. On September 13, 2006, Lukas Rossi was crowned the winner and became the frontman of \"Rock Star: Supernova\". As the show's name implies, the new group was to be called Supernova; however, another band named Supernova was granted an injunction against the television supergroup stating that they cannot use the name \"Supernova\" for any promotion or perform under that name. With this judicial ruling, the band announced their official name would be \"Rock Star Supernova\". The show began online on the Rock Star web site on MSN on Monday, July 3 with an Internet exclusive weekly episode and premiered on 5 July 2006 on CBS in the United States and Global in Canada. Votes could be cast on the Rock Star website or by text message on Verizon Wireless. it was one of two prominent programs in the \"Rock Reality Show\" mini movement of the summer of 2006, the other being VH1's \"Supergroup\". Unlike in the first season, the behind-the-scenes episodes were not televised in the U.S.; instead, they were available online at the official MSN sponsored website, to subscribers of Verizon, and through the Rock Star tab on Windows Live Messenger. However, these \"In the Mansion\" reality episodes did air on television in Canada on Global, in Australia on Foxtel channel FOX8, and in Asia on STAR World. The following is a list of songs performed by each finalist during the competition.", "Rock Star Supernova (album) Rock Star Supernova is the debut self-titled album by American hard rock supergroup Rock Star Supernova, released on November 21, 2006 through Mark Burnett Productions and Epic Records. The band was formed during the second season of the \"Rock Star\" TV series, which was called \"\". The album received mainly negative reviews and only charted at number 101 on the \"Billboard\" 200. However the album charted at #4 on the Canadian Albums Chart and was certified Platinum (over 100,000 units sold). Rock Star Supernova band members: Tommy Lee (M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce), Jason Newsted ( Voivod and ex-Metallica) and Gilby Clarke (ex-Guns N' Roses) formed the basis of the of the \"Rock Star\" television program on CBS in the quest to find a lead singer. The show began online on the Rock Star web site on MSN on Monday, July 3 with an Internet exclusive weekly episode and premiered on CBS on July 5, 2006. Votes were cast via the Rock Star website. On September 13, 2006, Lukas Rossi was crowned the winner. Upon release, \"Rock Star Supernova\" entered the \"Billboard\" 200 charts at number 101 selling 17,000 copies in the first week. The album also debuted at number 87 in Australia and number 4 in Canada. Professional music critics mostly offered negative reviews of the album. Stephen Thomas Erlewine, senior critic of AllMusic, wrote, \"At no point does this band make sense ... it's gloriously bad, the kind of music that can only result when three talented musicians are contractually obligated to work with a wannabe singer who would be a laughing stock on a local level.\"", "After graduating, Menken's plan was to become either a rock star or a recording artist. His interest in writing musicals increased when he joined the Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) Musical Theatre Workshop and was mentored by Lehman Engel. From 1974 to 1978, he showcased various BMI workshop works, such as Midnight, Apartment House (lyric by Muriel Robinson), Conversations with Pierre,Harry the Rat and Messiah on Mott Street (lyrics by David Zippel). According to Menken, during this period, he \"worked as a ballet and modern dance accompanist, a musical director for club acts, a jingle writer, arranger, a songwriter for Sesame Street and a vocal coach. He performed his material at clubs like The Ballroom, Reno Sweeny and Tramps.\" In 1976, John Wilson reported for The New York Times that members of Engel's BMI Workshop began performing as part of the \"Broadway at the Ballroom\" series: \"The opening workshop program ... featured Maury Yeston and Alan Menken, both playing their piano accompaniment and singing songs they have written for potential musicals.\" Wilson reviewed a performance at the Ballroom in 1977 where Menken accompanied a singer: \"In the current cabaret world, a piano accompanist is no longer expected to merely play piano for a singer. More and more, pianists can be heard joining in vocally, harmonizing with the singer, creating a background of shouts and exclamations or even doing brief passages of solo singing.\" Menken contributed material to revues like New York's Back in Town, Big Apple Country, The Present Tense (1977), Real Life Funnies (Off-Broadway, 1981), Diamonds (Off-Broadway, 1984), and Personals (Off-Off-Broadway, 1985)."], "answer": {"text": "His interest in writing musicals increased when he joined the Broadcast Music, Inc.", "answer_start": 88}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What did Menken's do after he graduated?", "answer": {"text": "After graduating, Menken's plan was to become either a rock star or a recording artist.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_96e95e9249d84614a27646589a1af9da_1_q#2", "question": "What did he do when he joined BMI?", "rewrite": "What did Menken do when he joined the BMI?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It moved to the Orpheum Theatre in the East Village, Manhattan, where it ran for five years. The musical set the box-office record for highest grossing Off-Broadway show of all time. It toured around the world, won theater awards and was adapted as a 1986 musical film starring Rick Moranis that earned Menken and Ashman their first Oscar nomination for the song \"Mean Green Mother From Outer Space\". For his body of work in musical theatre, he was awarded the BMI Career Achievement Award in 1983. In 1987, Menken and lyricist David Spencer's adaptation, The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz, based on the 1959 novel of the same name, was produced in Philadelphia. After substantial re-writes, it was produced in 2015 in Montreal. In 1992, the WPA Theatre produced Menken's Weird Romance, also with lyrics by Spencer. Menken's musical based on the Charles Dickens classic A Christmas Carol, with lyrics by Lynn Ahrens and book by Mike Ockrent, debuted at Madison Square Garden's Paramount Theater in 1994. The show proved successful and was an annual New York holiday event. On the strength of the success of Little Shop of Horrors, Menken and Ashman were hired by Walt Disney Studios to write the music for The Little Mermaid (1989). The challenge was to create an animated musical film of this Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale that could sit alongside the Disney classics Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Cinderella. The Little Mermaid opened to critical and commercial success and signaled a new Disney era called the Disney Renaissance. The film gave them their first Oscar win: Best Song for the song \"Under the Sea\". Menken also won the 1989 Oscar for Best Score. Menken and Ashman's Beauty and the Beast garnered them three 1991 Oscar nominations for Best Song, winning for its title song.", "Dear Worthy Editor Dear Worthy Editor: Letters to The Daily Forward (originally called \"A Bintel Brief)\" is a 1960s or c. 1974 musical and one of the early works by Alan Menken. He collaborated with his mother to develop the musical, adapted from the Bintel Brief letters-to-the-editor published by the Yiddish-language newspaper \"Jewish Daily Forward\". While Menken had written musicals prior to this, it became his first work to achieve a level of success, being performed many times in the Jewish-American circuit. The show was one of Alan Menken's first, written during his time at BMI, along with \"For Madmen Only\" (based on the novel Steppenwolf), \"Conversations With Pierre\" (inspired by therapy sessions with menken's psychiatrist), and \"Murder at the Circus\" (a musical based around a single song). Menken was able to audition for the workshop through a mutual composer friend of his parents' named Don Frieberg. Lehman Engel immediately said he was in the workshop, which was unusual for the man. Engel ran classes at the BMI Musical Theatre Workshop which aimed to evaluate the works of would-be composers. In these sessions, works would be played and sung, then critiqued by both the moderator and the students. \"Dear Worthy Editor\", written around 1974, was based on letters to the editor sent to the \"Jewish Daily Forward\", an American newspaper originally written in Yiddish and targeted to a Jewish-American audience. Menken was talked into writing the musical by his mother Judy Menken. She was active in New Rochelle's Mercury Players (aka Vignette Players) community group as a writer, performer and director. At this point, she was still living in New Rochelle, New York, while Alan had moved to Manhattan.", "After graduating, Menken's plan was to become either a rock star or a recording artist. His interest in writing musicals increased when he joined the Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) Musical Theatre Workshop and was mentored by Lehman Engel. From 1974 to 1978, he showcased various BMI workshop works, such as Midnight, Apartment House (lyric by Muriel Robinson), Conversations with Pierre,Harry the Rat and Messiah on Mott Street (lyrics by David Zippel). According to Menken, during this period, he \"worked as a ballet and modern dance accompanist, a musical director for club acts, a jingle writer, arranger, a songwriter for Sesame Street and a vocal coach. He performed his material at clubs like The Ballroom, Reno Sweeny and Tramps.\" In 1976, John Wilson reported for The New York Times that members of Engel's BMI Workshop began performing as part of the \"Broadway at the Ballroom\" series: \"The opening workshop program ... featured Maury Yeston and Alan Menken, both playing their piano accompaniment and singing songs they have written for potential musicals.\" Wilson reviewed a performance at the Ballroom in 1977 where Menken accompanied a singer: \"In the current cabaret world, a piano accompanist is no longer expected to merely play piano for a singer. More and more, pianists can be heard joining in vocally, harmonizing with the singer, creating a background of shouts and exclamations or even doing brief passages of solo singing.\" Menken contributed material to revues like New York's Back in Town, Big Apple Country, The Present Tense (1977), Real Life Funnies (Off-Broadway, 1981), Diamonds (Off-Broadway, 1984), and Personals (Off-Off-Broadway, 1985).", "On April 10, 1976, the musical was presented at Beth El Synagogue in new Rochelle, with a cast consisting of Alan Menken, Peggy Atkinson, Sumner Crocket (a chazzan), and Judy Menken. Upon presentation at a BMI class, Engel described the musical as either \"the most anti-Semitic thing [I've] ever heard in [my] life\" or \"the most anti-Semetic document since \"Mein Kampf\"\", which Menken responded to with laughter due to being Jewish himself. Engel, who liked to give his students nicknames, would give Alan the moniker of \"D Minor\", possibly due to his flagrant use of the key in this musical. In an unnamed newspaper, Elaine Bissel described the musical as \"a poignant tale of one family, as it reaches these shores and moves into the American Experience during the early years of this century\". The work became one of the first musicals of Alan Menken, who would have a long and successful career. \"Newsday\" described it as \"then-unknown Alan Menken's first musical\". \" The New York Times\" suggests that this musical saw Menken's very first collaboration, even before his collaboration with Howard Ashman began in 1979 with Kurt Vonnegut's God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater. Another stage work based on the same subject matter would be created by American choreographer Rosalind Newman, entitled \"4; Stories: A Bintel Brief, Letters to the Editor\". Meanwhile, Menken would revisit Jewish themes in his 1997 musical King David.", "After graduating, Menken's plan was to become either a rock star or a recording artist. His interest in writing musicals increased when he joined the Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) Musical Theatre Workshop and was mentored by Lehman Engel. From 1974 to 1978, he showcased various BMI workshop works, such as Midnight, Apartment House (lyric by Muriel Robinson), Conversations with Pierre,Harry the Rat and Messiah on Mott Street (lyrics by David Zippel). According to Menken, during this period, he \"worked as a ballet and modern dance accompanist, a musical director for club acts, a jingle writer, arranger, a songwriter for Sesame Street and a vocal coach. He performed his material at clubs like The Ballroom, Reno Sweeny and Tramps.\" In 1976, John Wilson reported for The New York Times that members of Engel's BMI Workshop began performing as part of the \"Broadway at the Ballroom\" series: \"The opening workshop program ... featured Maury Yeston and Alan Menken, both playing their piano accompaniment and singing songs they have written for potential musicals.\" Wilson reviewed a performance at the Ballroom in 1977 where Menken accompanied a singer: \"In the current cabaret world, a piano accompanist is no longer expected to merely play piano for a singer. More and more, pianists can be heard joining in vocally, harmonizing with the singer, creating a background of shouts and exclamations or even doing brief passages of solo singing.\" Menken contributed material to revues like New York's Back in Town, Big Apple Country, The Present Tense (1977), Real Life Funnies (Off-Broadway, 1981), Diamonds (Off-Broadway, 1984), and Personals (Off-Off-Broadway, 1985)."], "answer": {"text": "was mentored by Lehman Engel. From 1974 to 1978, he showcased various BMI workshop works, such as Midnight, Apartment House (", "answer_start": 207}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Menken's do after he graduated?", "answer": {"text": "After graduating, Menken's plan was to become either a rock star or a recording artist.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he follow that plan?", "answer": {"text": "His interest in writing musicals increased when he joined the Broadcast Music, Inc.", "answer_start": 88, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_96e95e9249d84614a27646589a1af9da_1_q#3", "question": "Did he showcase any other projects during that time?", "rewrite": "What projects did Menken showcase other than his work at BMI from 1974 to 1978?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["After graduating, Menken's plan was to become either a rock star or a recording artist. His interest in writing musicals increased when he joined the Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) Musical Theatre Workshop and was mentored by Lehman Engel. From 1974 to 1978, he showcased various BMI workshop works, such as Midnight, Apartment House (lyric by Muriel Robinson), Conversations with Pierre,Harry the Rat and Messiah on Mott Street (lyrics by David Zippel). According to Menken, during this period, he \"worked as a ballet and modern dance accompanist, a musical director for club acts, a jingle writer, arranger, a songwriter for Sesame Street and a vocal coach. He performed his material at clubs like The Ballroom, Reno Sweeny and Tramps.\" In 1976, John Wilson reported for The New York Times that members of Engel's BMI Workshop began performing as part of the \"Broadway at the Ballroom\" series: \"The opening workshop program ... featured Maury Yeston and Alan Menken, both playing their piano accompaniment and singing songs they have written for potential musicals.\" Wilson reviewed a performance at the Ballroom in 1977 where Menken accompanied a singer: \"In the current cabaret world, a piano accompanist is no longer expected to merely play piano for a singer. More and more, pianists can be heard joining in vocally, harmonizing with the singer, creating a background of shouts and exclamations or even doing brief passages of solo singing.\" Menken contributed material to revues like New York's Back in Town, Big Apple Country, The Present Tense (1977), Real Life Funnies (Off-Broadway, 1981), Diamonds (Off-Broadway, 1984), and Personals (Off-Off-Broadway, 1985).", "On April 10, 1976, the musical was presented at Beth El Synagogue in new Rochelle, with a cast consisting of Alan Menken, Peggy Atkinson, Sumner Crocket (a chazzan), and Judy Menken. Upon presentation at a BMI class, Engel described the musical as either \"the most anti-Semitic thing [I've] ever heard in [my] life\" or \"the most anti-Semetic document since \"Mein Kampf\"\", which Menken responded to with laughter due to being Jewish himself. Engel, who liked to give his students nicknames, would give Alan the moniker of \"D Minor\", possibly due to his flagrant use of the key in this musical. In an unnamed newspaper, Elaine Bissel described the musical as \"a poignant tale of one family, as it reaches these shores and moves into the American Experience during the early years of this century\". The work became one of the first musicals of Alan Menken, who would have a long and successful career. \"Newsday\" described it as \"then-unknown Alan Menken's first musical\". \" The New York Times\" suggests that this musical saw Menken's very first collaboration, even before his collaboration with Howard Ashman began in 1979 with Kurt Vonnegut's God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater. Another stage work based on the same subject matter would be created by American choreographer Rosalind Newman, entitled \"4; Stories: A Bintel Brief, Letters to the Editor\". Meanwhile, Menken would revisit Jewish themes in his 1997 musical King David.", "After graduating, Menken's plan was to become either a rock star or a recording artist. His interest in writing musicals increased when he joined the Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) Musical Theatre Workshop and was mentored by Lehman Engel. From 1974 to 1978, he showcased various BMI workshop works, such as Midnight, Apartment House (lyric by Muriel Robinson), Conversations with Pierre,Harry the Rat and Messiah on Mott Street (lyrics by David Zippel). According to Menken, during this period, he \"worked as a ballet and modern dance accompanist, a musical director for club acts, a jingle writer, arranger, a songwriter for Sesame Street and a vocal coach. He performed his material at clubs like The Ballroom, Reno Sweeny and Tramps.\" In 1976, John Wilson reported for The New York Times that members of Engel's BMI Workshop began performing as part of the \"Broadway at the Ballroom\" series: \"The opening workshop program ... featured Maury Yeston and Alan Menken, both playing their piano accompaniment and singing songs they have written for potential musicals.\" Wilson reviewed a performance at the Ballroom in 1977 where Menken accompanied a singer: \"In the current cabaret world, a piano accompanist is no longer expected to merely play piano for a singer. More and more, pianists can be heard joining in vocally, harmonizing with the singer, creating a background of shouts and exclamations or even doing brief passages of solo singing.\" Menken contributed material to revues like New York's Back in Town, Big Apple Country, The Present Tense (1977), Real Life Funnies (Off-Broadway, 1981), Diamonds (Off-Broadway, 1984), and Personals (Off-Off-Broadway, 1985).", "Dear Worthy Editor Dear Worthy Editor: Letters to The Daily Forward (originally called \"A Bintel Brief)\" is a 1960s or c. 1974 musical and one of the early works by Alan Menken. He collaborated with his mother to develop the musical, adapted from the Bintel Brief letters-to-the-editor published by the Yiddish-language newspaper \"Jewish Daily Forward\". While Menken had written musicals prior to this, it became his first work to achieve a level of success, being performed many times in the Jewish-American circuit. The show was one of Alan Menken's first, written during his time at BMI, along with \"For Madmen Only\" (based on the novel Steppenwolf), \"Conversations With Pierre\" (inspired by therapy sessions with menken's psychiatrist), and \"Murder at the Circus\" (a musical based around a single song). Menken was able to audition for the workshop through a mutual composer friend of his parents' named Don Frieberg. Lehman Engel immediately said he was in the workshop, which was unusual for the man. Engel ran classes at the BMI Musical Theatre Workshop which aimed to evaluate the works of would-be composers. In these sessions, works would be played and sung, then critiqued by both the moderator and the students. \"Dear Worthy Editor\", written around 1974, was based on letters to the editor sent to the \"Jewish Daily Forward\", an American newspaper originally written in Yiddish and targeted to a Jewish-American audience. Menken was talked into writing the musical by his mother Judy Menken. She was active in New Rochelle's Mercury Players (aka Vignette Players) community group as a writer, performer and director. At this point, she was still living in New Rochelle, New York, while Alan had moved to Manhattan.", "It moved to the Orpheum Theatre in the East Village, Manhattan, where it ran for five years. The musical set the box-office record for highest grossing Off-Broadway show of all time. It toured around the world, won theater awards and was adapted as a 1986 musical film starring Rick Moranis that earned Menken and Ashman their first Oscar nomination for the song \"Mean Green Mother From Outer Space\". For his body of work in musical theatre, he was awarded the BMI Career Achievement Award in 1983. In 1987, Menken and lyricist David Spencer's adaptation, The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz, based on the 1959 novel of the same name, was produced in Philadelphia. After substantial re-writes, it was produced in 2015 in Montreal. In 1992, the WPA Theatre produced Menken's Weird Romance, also with lyrics by Spencer. Menken's musical based on the Charles Dickens classic A Christmas Carol, with lyrics by Lynn Ahrens and book by Mike Ockrent, debuted at Madison Square Garden's Paramount Theater in 1994. The show proved successful and was an annual New York holiday event. On the strength of the success of Little Shop of Horrors, Menken and Ashman were hired by Walt Disney Studios to write the music for The Little Mermaid (1989). The challenge was to create an animated musical film of this Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale that could sit alongside the Disney classics Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Cinderella. The Little Mermaid opened to critical and commercial success and signaled a new Disney era called the Disney Renaissance. The film gave them their first Oscar win: Best Song for the song \"Under the Sea\". Menken also won the 1989 Oscar for Best Score. Menken and Ashman's Beauty and the Beast garnered them three 1991 Oscar nominations for Best Song, winning for its title song."], "answer": {"text": "He performed his material at clubs like The Ballroom, Reno Sweeny and Tramps.\"", "answer_start": 657}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Menken's do after he graduated?", "answer": {"text": "After graduating, Menken's plan was to become either a rock star or a recording artist.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he follow that plan?", "answer": {"text": "His interest in writing musicals increased when he joined the Broadcast Music, Inc.", "answer_start": 88, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do when he joined BMI?", "answer": {"text": "was mentored by Lehman Engel. From 1974 to 1978, he showcased various BMI workshop works, such as Midnight, Apartment House (", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_96e95e9249d84614a27646589a1af9da_1_q#4", "question": "Did he continue to write musicals?", "rewrite": "Did Menken continue to write musicals after he left BMI?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["After graduating, Menken's plan was to become either a rock star or a recording artist. His interest in writing musicals increased when he joined the Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) Musical Theatre Workshop and was mentored by Lehman Engel. From 1974 to 1978, he showcased various BMI workshop works, such as Midnight, Apartment House (lyric by Muriel Robinson), Conversations with Pierre,Harry the Rat and Messiah on Mott Street (lyrics by David Zippel). According to Menken, during this period, he \"worked as a ballet and modern dance accompanist, a musical director for club acts, a jingle writer, arranger, a songwriter for Sesame Street and a vocal coach. He performed his material at clubs like The Ballroom, Reno Sweeny and Tramps.\" In 1976, John Wilson reported for The New York Times that members of Engel's BMI Workshop began performing as part of the \"Broadway at the Ballroom\" series: \"The opening workshop program ... featured Maury Yeston and Alan Menken, both playing their piano accompaniment and singing songs they have written for potential musicals.\" Wilson reviewed a performance at the Ballroom in 1977 where Menken accompanied a singer: \"In the current cabaret world, a piano accompanist is no longer expected to merely play piano for a singer. More and more, pianists can be heard joining in vocally, harmonizing with the singer, creating a background of shouts and exclamations or even doing brief passages of solo singing.\" Menken contributed material to revues like New York's Back in Town, Big Apple Country, The Present Tense (1977), Real Life Funnies (Off-Broadway, 1981), Diamonds (Off-Broadway, 1984), and Personals (Off-Off-Broadway, 1985).", "On April 10, 1976, the musical was presented at Beth El Synagogue in new Rochelle, with a cast consisting of Alan Menken, Peggy Atkinson, Sumner Crocket (a chazzan), and Judy Menken. Upon presentation at a BMI class, Engel described the musical as either \"the most anti-Semitic thing [I've] ever heard in [my] life\" or \"the most anti-Semetic document since \"Mein Kampf\"\", which Menken responded to with laughter due to being Jewish himself. Engel, who liked to give his students nicknames, would give Alan the moniker of \"D Minor\", possibly due to his flagrant use of the key in this musical. In an unnamed newspaper, Elaine Bissel described the musical as \"a poignant tale of one family, as it reaches these shores and moves into the American Experience during the early years of this century\". The work became one of the first musicals of Alan Menken, who would have a long and successful career. \"Newsday\" described it as \"then-unknown Alan Menken's first musical\". \" The New York Times\" suggests that this musical saw Menken's very first collaboration, even before his collaboration with Howard Ashman began in 1979 with Kurt Vonnegut's God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater. Another stage work based on the same subject matter would be created by American choreographer Rosalind Newman, entitled \"4; Stories: A Bintel Brief, Letters to the Editor\". Meanwhile, Menken would revisit Jewish themes in his 1997 musical King David.", "Mel Atkey Mel Atkey (born June 16, 1958 in Ladner, British Columbia) is a Canadian-born, English-emigrated musical theatre composer and lyricist. He began to write musicals while still in high school. After college he became a theatre critic in Canada, and continued to write musicals and songs while serving as director of Cabaret and Musical Theater Alliance until he moved to London in 1991. He is a member of the Writers' Union of Canada and Mercury Musical Developments. He was a finalist for the Musical of the Year competition in Aarhus, Denmark, and his work has been short-listed for the Vivian Ellis Prize, the Quest for New Musicals, the Ken Hill Prize and Musical Stairs. Atkey was born to Ken and Marion Atkey (n\u00e9e Holmes), a painter and a teacher respectively, in Ladner, British Columbia, where he attended Delta Secondary School. During his high school years in Vancouver, Atkey began writing musicals, and continued to do so while attending Langara College in Vancouver. He gained his MA in Musical Theatre at Goldsmiths, University of London. In 1977, Atkey co-produced a jazz concert with Vancouver impresario Willi Germann and a telethon featuring folk singer Tom Northcott. Atkey's first musical, \"Shikara\", was produced on the radio in Canada. A single was released by singer Janice Jaud of one of the songs, \"Far Away\", and received airplay across Canada and the U.S. Atkey spent two years as a theatre critic in Vancouver before moving to Toronto to pursue musical theatre writing. He was commissioned to write songs for CBC Radio, and was a member of the Lehman Engel Musical Theater Workshop. He was a director of the Cabaret and Musical Theatre Alliance until he moved to London in 1991.", "After graduating, Menken's plan was to become either a rock star or a recording artist. His interest in writing musicals increased when he joined the Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) Musical Theatre Workshop and was mentored by Lehman Engel. From 1974 to 1978, he showcased various BMI workshop works, such as Midnight, Apartment House (lyric by Muriel Robinson), Conversations with Pierre,Harry the Rat and Messiah on Mott Street (lyrics by David Zippel). According to Menken, during this period, he \"worked as a ballet and modern dance accompanist, a musical director for club acts, a jingle writer, arranger, a songwriter for Sesame Street and a vocal coach. He performed his material at clubs like The Ballroom, Reno Sweeny and Tramps.\" In 1976, John Wilson reported for The New York Times that members of Engel's BMI Workshop began performing as part of the \"Broadway at the Ballroom\" series: \"The opening workshop program ... featured Maury Yeston and Alan Menken, both playing their piano accompaniment and singing songs they have written for potential musicals.\" Wilson reviewed a performance at the Ballroom in 1977 where Menken accompanied a singer: \"In the current cabaret world, a piano accompanist is no longer expected to merely play piano for a singer. More and more, pianists can be heard joining in vocally, harmonizing with the singer, creating a background of shouts and exclamations or even doing brief passages of solo singing.\" Menken contributed material to revues like New York's Back in Town, Big Apple Country, The Present Tense (1977), Real Life Funnies (Off-Broadway, 1981), Diamonds (Off-Broadway, 1984), and Personals (Off-Off-Broadway, 1985).", "Dear Worthy Editor Dear Worthy Editor: Letters to The Daily Forward (originally called \"A Bintel Brief)\" is a 1960s or c. 1974 musical and one of the early works by Alan Menken. He collaborated with his mother to develop the musical, adapted from the Bintel Brief letters-to-the-editor published by the Yiddish-language newspaper \"Jewish Daily Forward\". While Menken had written musicals prior to this, it became his first work to achieve a level of success, being performed many times in the Jewish-American circuit. The show was one of Alan Menken's first, written during his time at BMI, along with \"For Madmen Only\" (based on the novel Steppenwolf), \"Conversations With Pierre\" (inspired by therapy sessions with menken's psychiatrist), and \"Murder at the Circus\" (a musical based around a single song). Menken was able to audition for the workshop through a mutual composer friend of his parents' named Don Frieberg. Lehman Engel immediately said he was in the workshop, which was unusual for the man. Engel ran classes at the BMI Musical Theatre Workshop which aimed to evaluate the works of would-be composers. In these sessions, works would be played and sung, then critiqued by both the moderator and the students. \"Dear Worthy Editor\", written around 1974, was based on letters to the editor sent to the \"Jewish Daily Forward\", an American newspaper originally written in Yiddish and targeted to a Jewish-American audience. Menken was talked into writing the musical by his mother Judy Menken. She was active in New Rochelle's Mercury Players (aka Vignette Players) community group as a writer, performer and director. At this point, she was still living in New Rochelle, New York, while Alan had moved to Manhattan."], "answer": {"text": "Menken contributed material to revues like New York's Back in Town, Big Apple Country, The Present Tense (1977), Real Life Funnies (Off-Broadway, 1981),", "answer_start": 1445}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Menken's do after he graduated?", "answer": {"text": "After graduating, Menken's plan was to become either a rock star or a recording artist.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he follow that plan?", "answer": {"text": "His interest in writing musicals increased when he joined the Broadcast Music, Inc.", "answer_start": 88, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do when he joined BMI?", "answer": {"text": "was mentored by Lehman Engel. From 1974 to 1978, he showcased various BMI workshop works, such as Midnight, Apartment House (", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he showcase any other projects during that time?", "answer": {"text": "He performed his material at clubs like The Ballroom, Reno Sweeny and Tramps.\"", "answer_start": 657, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_96e95e9249d84614a27646589a1af9da_1_q#5", "question": "Did he work on any movies?", "rewrite": "Did Menken work on any movies?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Carol Menken-Schaudt Carol Jean Menken-Schaudt (born November 23, 1957) is an American All-American basketball player from Jefferson, Oregon, who won a gold medal on the U.S. team at the 1984 Summer Olympics. Menken-Schaudt later played basketball professionally for eight seasons, including six years in Italy and two in Japan. Menken-Schaudt is a 1993 inductee into the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame. Carol Menken, born in Albany, Oregon, attended and graduated Jefferson High School in Jefferson, Oregon, a small community located in Marion County. During her time at the small school Menken was unable to play high school basketball every year as a coach was not always available. Consequently, following her graduation in 1975 Menken was unrecruited and she enrolled on her own at the local Linn-Benton Community College, majoring in graphic arts. Menken was enticed to try out for the Linn-Benton women's basketball team and she became one of just seven players on the club. She approached Oregon State University (OSU) about the possibility of playing collegiately and received a partial scholarship, joining the team for its 1979\u20131980 season. The raw young player became a special project for OSU head coach Aki Hill, who helped Menken develop her fundamental skills, including a solid back-to-the-basket game in the low post and smooth turnaround jump shot. Menken's work paid off and she was named a 1981 All-American following her senior year, 1980\u201381, during which she led the nation in field goal percentage at .750. Menken still holds Oregon State's career records for points (2,243), rebounds (901), and field goal percentage (.692).", "The film consists of short snippets of film she had shot over the years, spliced together in a meditative fashion. Menken continued to make films that both took influence from and commented on the various art movements her contemporaries took part in, including abstract expressionism with \"Drips in Strips\" (1963) and pop art in \"Andy Warhol\" (1964). In 1931 she met Willard Maas, a professor of literature at Wagner College in Staten Island. They married in 1937, but it was a rocky and unstable marriage, described as a \"succession of fights and drinking bouts\". Menken and Maas lived at 62 Montague Street in Brooklyn. As core members of the Gryphon Group, Menken and Maas were highly respected by the experimental and avant-garde art circles of the time. Menken was known for her association with and influence on many of the leading members of the movement, including pop artist Andy Warhol, painter and experimental filmmakers Kenneth Anger and Stan Brakhage. According to the 2006 film documentary \"Notes on Marie Menken\" produced by Martina Kudl\u00e1\u010dek, it was Marie who schooled Warhol on using the 16mm Bolex. The film presents never-before-seen footage by Menken salvaged from basements and storage vaults, including a camera \"duel\" for Bolexes between Menken and Andy Warhol; the two are seen dueling on top of a New York City building, facing each other with Bolex Cameras and dancing in circles around each other while gliding across the roof-top of Menken's penthouse apartment. Menken later appeared in such Warhol films as \"Screen Tests\" (1964), \"The Life of Juanita Castro\" (1965) and \"Chelsea Girls\" (1966), among others.", "Menken won another Oscar for Best Score. The two were working on Aladdin at the time of Ashman's death in 1991. Subsequently, Menken went to collaborate with Tim Rice to finish the songs for the film. The film won an Oscar in 1992 for Best Song: \"A Whole New World\". Menken also won the Oscar for Best Score. Menken's live action musical film Newsies, with lyrics by Jack Feldman, was released in 1992. Three more animated musical films followed. Menken collaborated with Stephen Schwartz for Pocahontas, for which the two won two Oscars: Best Song and Best Musical or Comedy Score. In 1996, the same musical team created the songs, and Menken, the score, for The Hunchback of Notre Dame. In 1997, Menken reunited with his early collaborator, David Zippel, for his last animated musical film in the series, Hercules. Menken also wrote the music for the Michael J. Fox vehicle Life with Mikey (1993), the holiday film Noel (2004) and Mirror Mirror (2012). His other film scores for Disney have included Home on the Range (2004), the Tim Allen remake of The Shaggy Dog (2006), Enchanted (2007) and Tangled (2010). In March 2017, Disney released a live action film adaptation of Beauty and the Beast, with the songs from the 1991 film and new material by Menken and Rice. As of 2017, Menken is collaborating on writing new songs with Pasek and Paul for a live-action film remake of Aladdin and is also working with Lin-Manuel Miranda on new music for a live-action film adaptation of The Little Mermaid. With eight Academy Awards (four each for best score and best song), only composer Alfred Newman (nine wins) and Walt Disney (22 wins) have received more Oscars than Menken.", "Solomon Stanwood Menken Solomon Stanwood Menken (1870 - 1954) was an attorney in the United States best known for having founded the National Security League. Menken was born in Memphis, Tennessee in 1870 to Nathan Menken, who owned a dry goods store. The family moved to New York City when Menken was a boy. He attended the City College of New York but transferred to Cornell University, graduating in 1890. He later received a Bachelor of Laws from Columbia University. Although his parents were Jewish, Menken converted to Christianity and started using his middle name, Stanwood. He married a wealthy New York City socialite; they had one son, Arthur Menken, who became a successful newsreel cameraman for Paramount Pictures and a war correspondent who would later film the Nanking Massacre and the Spanish Civil War). Menken became a successful corporate lawyer with the firm of Philbin, Beckman and Menken, whose clients included J.P. Morgan. Menken became active in progressive politics. He helped found New York City's Reform Club and supported the \"single tax\" movement. He ran for office in New York City in 1896 on a ticket with noted politician Henry George. A longtime Democrat, he helped found the Democratic League of New York in September 1909, and for many years raised money and helped support the party in elections. He began supporting liberal Republicans and Progressives in 1912, and campaigned for Theodore Roosevelt and Robert M. La Follette, Sr.. A noted Anglophile, he was in Great Britain with his wife Gretchen (n\u00e9e von Briesen) when World War I began, and was deeply distressed by Britain's inability to mobilize quickly for war. They returned to the United States aboard the RMS \"Olympic\" on August 29, 1914.", "Shepard Menken Shepard Menken (November 2, 1921 \u2013 January 2, 1999) was an American film, television, voice, radio and character actor. Menken began his career at the age of 11, when he started appearing on children's radio programs. After high school, Menken attended Columbia University, and later studied performing arts at the Neighborhood Playhouse Theatre and the Juilliard School of Music. Menken made his film debut in 1949 with a supporting role in \"The Red Menace\", and eventually appeared onscreen in 17 movies. Menken worked steadily as a television actor, appearing on such series as \"I Love Lucy\", \"I Spy\", and \"The Wild Wild West\". He was also in demand as a voice talent, working on animated cartoons for Hanna-Barbera, UPA, and Marvel Productions, as well as advertising spots for StarKist Tuna and Mattel Toys; his was the voice intoning, \"The only way to fly!\" in Western Airlines' spots in the 1960s. Menken voiced the Clyde Crashcup character in \"The Alvin Show\", as well as the character Tonto in the 1966-69 animated series \"The Lone Ranger\". He also voiced the Spelling Bee and Chroma the Great in the 1970 live-action/animated film \"The Phantom Tollbooth\", and provided the voice for the title character in \"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi\". In 1963, Menken formed his own company, Malibu Films, which specialized in educational and industrial films. Shepard Menken died in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Woodland Hills two months after his 77th birthday."], "answer": {"text": "Menken contributed music for the film The Line (1980), directed by Robert J. Siegel.", "answer_start": 835}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Menken's do after he graduated?", "answer": {"text": "After graduating, Menken's plan was to become either a rock star or a recording artist.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he follow that plan?", "answer": {"text": "His interest in writing musicals increased when he joined the Broadcast Music, Inc.", "answer_start": 88, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do when he joined BMI?", "answer": {"text": "was mentored by Lehman Engel. From 1974 to 1978, he showcased various BMI workshop works, such as Midnight, Apartment House (", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he showcase any other projects during that time?", "answer": {"text": "He performed his material at clubs like The Ballroom, Reno Sweeny and Tramps.\"", "answer_start": 657, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he continue to write musicals?", "answer": {"text": "Menken contributed material to revues like New York's Back in Town, Big Apple Country, The Present Tense (1977), Real Life Funnies (Off-Broadway, 1981),", "answer_start": 1445, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_96e95e9249d84614a27646589a1af9da_1_q#6", "question": "Did he write anything that was never actually produced?", "rewrite": "Did Menken write any projects that were not produced?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Carol Menken-Schaudt Carol Jean Menken-Schaudt (born November 23, 1957) is an American All-American basketball player from Jefferson, Oregon, who won a gold medal on the U.S. team at the 1984 Summer Olympics. Menken-Schaudt later played basketball professionally for eight seasons, including six years in Italy and two in Japan. Menken-Schaudt is a 1993 inductee into the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame. Carol Menken, born in Albany, Oregon, attended and graduated Jefferson High School in Jefferson, Oregon, a small community located in Marion County. During her time at the small school Menken was unable to play high school basketball every year as a coach was not always available. Consequently, following her graduation in 1975 Menken was unrecruited and she enrolled on her own at the local Linn-Benton Community College, majoring in graphic arts. Menken was enticed to try out for the Linn-Benton women's basketball team and she became one of just seven players on the club. She approached Oregon State University (OSU) about the possibility of playing collegiately and received a partial scholarship, joining the team for its 1979\u20131980 season. The raw young player became a special project for OSU head coach Aki Hill, who helped Menken develop her fundamental skills, including a solid back-to-the-basket game in the low post and smooth turnaround jump shot. Menken's work paid off and she was named a 1981 All-American following her senior year, 1980\u201381, during which she led the nation in field goal percentage at .750. Menken still holds Oregon State's career records for points (2,243), rebounds (901), and field goal percentage (.692).", "Solomon Stanwood Menken Solomon Stanwood Menken (1870 - 1954) was an attorney in the United States best known for having founded the National Security League. Menken was born in Memphis, Tennessee in 1870 to Nathan Menken, who owned a dry goods store. The family moved to New York City when Menken was a boy. He attended the City College of New York but transferred to Cornell University, graduating in 1890. He later received a Bachelor of Laws from Columbia University. Although his parents were Jewish, Menken converted to Christianity and started using his middle name, Stanwood. He married a wealthy New York City socialite; they had one son, Arthur Menken, who became a successful newsreel cameraman for Paramount Pictures and a war correspondent who would later film the Nanking Massacre and the Spanish Civil War). Menken became a successful corporate lawyer with the firm of Philbin, Beckman and Menken, whose clients included J.P. Morgan. Menken became active in progressive politics. He helped found New York City's Reform Club and supported the \"single tax\" movement. He ran for office in New York City in 1896 on a ticket with noted politician Henry George. A longtime Democrat, he helped found the Democratic League of New York in September 1909, and for many years raised money and helped support the party in elections. He began supporting liberal Republicans and Progressives in 1912, and campaigned for Theodore Roosevelt and Robert M. La Follette, Sr.. A noted Anglophile, he was in Great Britain with his wife Gretchen (n\u00e9e von Briesen) when World War I began, and was deeply distressed by Britain's inability to mobilize quickly for war. They returned to the United States aboard the RMS \"Olympic\" on August 29, 1914.", "For \"Tangled\", Menken challenged himself to come up with a different, unique sound that would differ significantly from the musical styles of his previous Broadway musical-influenced film projects and compositions. Inspired by the ongoing motif of Rapunzel's \"long hair and the freedom she wanted\", Menken decided to draw particular influence from the musical genre of 1960s folk rock, citing the musicianship and artistry of Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell as a major source of musical inspiration. When it came to writing the film's songs and musical numbers, Menken and Slater \"looked for what is going to be an appropriate song moment for the main characters. \" In the specific case of \"I See the Light\", Menken elaborated, \"The lantern song ... flows pretty much out of the sense of completion and [Rapunzel] finally sees the lanterns and has this moment. It's more of a montage number.\" Menken and Slater had originally intended for \"I See the Light\" to sound more \"anthem-like\". The songwriters eventually changed their minds, deciding to re-write \"I See the Light\" into a gentler, more folk-oriented song. Menken spoke of the creative writing process , \"we began throwing melodies up, doing songs and riffs and harmonies, and we waited for something to stick\". Additionally, Menken later admitted that, out of \"Tangled\"'s five songs and musical numbers, he is most proud of \"I See the Light\" because it \"is a great moment in the film and I am very happy with the beauty and simplicity of the song.\" Similarly, co-director Byron Howard also took an immediate liking towards the song. Hailing \"I See the Light\" as his favorite of the film's songs, Howard elaborated, \"", "Menken won another Oscar for Best Score. The two were working on Aladdin at the time of Ashman's death in 1991. Subsequently, Menken went to collaborate with Tim Rice to finish the songs for the film. The film won an Oscar in 1992 for Best Song: \"A Whole New World\". Menken also won the Oscar for Best Score. Menken's live action musical film Newsies, with lyrics by Jack Feldman, was released in 1992. Three more animated musical films followed. Menken collaborated with Stephen Schwartz for Pocahontas, for which the two won two Oscars: Best Song and Best Musical or Comedy Score. In 1996, the same musical team created the songs, and Menken, the score, for The Hunchback of Notre Dame. In 1997, Menken reunited with his early collaborator, David Zippel, for his last animated musical film in the series, Hercules. Menken also wrote the music for the Michael J. Fox vehicle Life with Mikey (1993), the holiday film Noel (2004) and Mirror Mirror (2012). His other film scores for Disney have included Home on the Range (2004), the Tim Allen remake of The Shaggy Dog (2006), Enchanted (2007) and Tangled (2010). In March 2017, Disney released a live action film adaptation of Beauty and the Beast, with the songs from the 1991 film and new material by Menken and Rice. As of 2017, Menken is collaborating on writing new songs with Pasek and Paul for a live-action film remake of Aladdin and is also working with Lin-Manuel Miranda on new music for a live-action film adaptation of The Little Mermaid. With eight Academy Awards (four each for best score and best song), only composer Alfred Newman (nine wins) and Walt Disney (22 wins) have received more Oscars than Menken.", "It moved to the Orpheum Theatre in the East Village, Manhattan, where it ran for five years. The musical set the box-office record for highest grossing Off-Broadway show of all time. It toured around the world, won theater awards and was adapted as a 1986 musical film starring Rick Moranis that earned Menken and Ashman their first Oscar nomination for the song \"Mean Green Mother From Outer Space\". For his body of work in musical theatre, he was awarded the BMI Career Achievement Award in 1983. In 1987, Menken and lyricist David Spencer's adaptation, The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz, based on the 1959 novel of the same name, was produced in Philadelphia. After substantial re-writes, it was produced in 2015 in Montreal. In 1992, the WPA Theatre produced Menken's Weird Romance, also with lyrics by Spencer. Menken's musical based on the Charles Dickens classic A Christmas Carol, with lyrics by Lynn Ahrens and book by Mike Ockrent, debuted at Madison Square Garden's Paramount Theater in 1994. The show proved successful and was an annual New York holiday event. On the strength of the success of Little Shop of Horrors, Menken and Ashman were hired by Walt Disney Studios to write the music for The Little Mermaid (1989). The challenge was to create an animated musical film of this Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale that could sit alongside the Disney classics Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Cinderella. The Little Mermaid opened to critical and commercial success and signaled a new Disney era called the Disney Renaissance. The film gave them their first Oscar win: Best Song for the song \"Under the Sea\". Menken also won the 1989 Oscar for Best Score. Menken and Ashman's Beauty and the Beast garnered them three 1991 Oscar nominations for Best Song, winning for its title song."], "answer": {"text": "He collaborated with Howard Ashman in an uncompleted musical called Babe (c. 1981), with Tom Eyen", "answer_start": 582}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Menken's do after he graduated?", "answer": {"text": "After graduating, Menken's plan was to become either a rock star or a recording artist.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he follow that plan?", "answer": {"text": "His interest in writing musicals increased when he joined the Broadcast Music, Inc.", "answer_start": 88, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do when he joined BMI?", "answer": {"text": "was mentored by Lehman Engel. From 1974 to 1978, he showcased various BMI workshop works, such as Midnight, Apartment House (", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he showcase any other projects during that time?", "answer": {"text": "He performed his material at clubs like The Ballroom, Reno Sweeny and Tramps.\"", "answer_start": 657, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he continue to write musicals?", "answer": {"text": "Menken contributed material to revues like New York's Back in Town, Big Apple Country, The Present Tense (1977), Real Life Funnies (Off-Broadway, 1981),", "answer_start": 1445, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he work on any movies?", "answer": {"text": "Menken contributed music for the film The Line (1980), directed by Robert J. Siegel.", "answer_start": 835, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_96e95e9249d84614a27646589a1af9da_1_q#7", "question": "Did he play any instruments ?", "rewrite": "Did Menken play any instruments?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The film consists of short snippets of film she had shot over the years, spliced together in a meditative fashion. Menken continued to make films that both took influence from and commented on the various art movements her contemporaries took part in, including abstract expressionism with \"Drips in Strips\" (1963) and pop art in \"Andy Warhol\" (1964). In 1931 she met Willard Maas, a professor of literature at Wagner College in Staten Island. They married in 1937, but it was a rocky and unstable marriage, described as a \"succession of fights and drinking bouts\". Menken and Maas lived at 62 Montague Street in Brooklyn. As core members of the Gryphon Group, Menken and Maas were highly respected by the experimental and avant-garde art circles of the time. Menken was known for her association with and influence on many of the leading members of the movement, including pop artist Andy Warhol, painter and experimental filmmakers Kenneth Anger and Stan Brakhage. According to the 2006 film documentary \"Notes on Marie Menken\" produced by Martina Kudl\u00e1\u010dek, it was Marie who schooled Warhol on using the 16mm Bolex. The film presents never-before-seen footage by Menken salvaged from basements and storage vaults, including a camera \"duel\" for Bolexes between Menken and Andy Warhol; the two are seen dueling on top of a New York City building, facing each other with Bolex Cameras and dancing in circles around each other while gliding across the roof-top of Menken's penthouse apartment. Menken later appeared in such Warhol films as \"Screen Tests\" (1964), \"The Life of Juanita Castro\" (1965) and \"Chelsea Girls\" (1966), among others.", "Menken won another Oscar for Best Score. The two were working on Aladdin at the time of Ashman's death in 1991. Subsequently, Menken went to collaborate with Tim Rice to finish the songs for the film. The film won an Oscar in 1992 for Best Song: \"A Whole New World\". Menken also won the Oscar for Best Score. Menken's live action musical film Newsies, with lyrics by Jack Feldman, was released in 1992. Three more animated musical films followed. Menken collaborated with Stephen Schwartz for Pocahontas, for which the two won two Oscars: Best Song and Best Musical or Comedy Score. In 1996, the same musical team created the songs, and Menken, the score, for The Hunchback of Notre Dame. In 1997, Menken reunited with his early collaborator, David Zippel, for his last animated musical film in the series, Hercules. Menken also wrote the music for the Michael J. Fox vehicle Life with Mikey (1993), the holiday film Noel (2004) and Mirror Mirror (2012). His other film scores for Disney have included Home on the Range (2004), the Tim Allen remake of The Shaggy Dog (2006), Enchanted (2007) and Tangled (2010). In March 2017, Disney released a live action film adaptation of Beauty and the Beast, with the songs from the 1991 film and new material by Menken and Rice. As of 2017, Menken is collaborating on writing new songs with Pasek and Paul for a live-action film remake of Aladdin and is also working with Lin-Manuel Miranda on new music for a live-action film adaptation of The Little Mermaid. With eight Academy Awards (four each for best score and best song), only composer Alfred Newman (nine wins) and Walt Disney (22 wins) have received more Oscars than Menken.", "Solomon Stanwood Menken Solomon Stanwood Menken (1870 - 1954) was an attorney in the United States best known for having founded the National Security League. Menken was born in Memphis, Tennessee in 1870 to Nathan Menken, who owned a dry goods store. The family moved to New York City when Menken was a boy. He attended the City College of New York but transferred to Cornell University, graduating in 1890. He later received a Bachelor of Laws from Columbia University. Although his parents were Jewish, Menken converted to Christianity and started using his middle name, Stanwood. He married a wealthy New York City socialite; they had one son, Arthur Menken, who became a successful newsreel cameraman for Paramount Pictures and a war correspondent who would later film the Nanking Massacre and the Spanish Civil War). Menken became a successful corporate lawyer with the firm of Philbin, Beckman and Menken, whose clients included J.P. Morgan. Menken became active in progressive politics. He helped found New York City's Reform Club and supported the \"single tax\" movement. He ran for office in New York City in 1896 on a ticket with noted politician Henry George. A longtime Democrat, he helped found the Democratic League of New York in September 1909, and for many years raised money and helped support the party in elections. He began supporting liberal Republicans and Progressives in 1912, and campaigned for Theodore Roosevelt and Robert M. La Follette, Sr.. A noted Anglophile, he was in Great Britain with his wife Gretchen (n\u00e9e von Briesen) when World War I began, and was deeply distressed by Britain's inability to mobilize quickly for war. They returned to the United States aboard the RMS \"Olympic\" on August 29, 1914.", "Carol Menken-Schaudt Carol Jean Menken-Schaudt (born November 23, 1957) is an American All-American basketball player from Jefferson, Oregon, who won a gold medal on the U.S. team at the 1984 Summer Olympics. Menken-Schaudt later played basketball professionally for eight seasons, including six years in Italy and two in Japan. Menken-Schaudt is a 1993 inductee into the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame. Carol Menken, born in Albany, Oregon, attended and graduated Jefferson High School in Jefferson, Oregon, a small community located in Marion County. During her time at the small school Menken was unable to play high school basketball every year as a coach was not always available. Consequently, following her graduation in 1975 Menken was unrecruited and she enrolled on her own at the local Linn-Benton Community College, majoring in graphic arts. Menken was enticed to try out for the Linn-Benton women's basketball team and she became one of just seven players on the club. She approached Oregon State University (OSU) about the possibility of playing collegiately and received a partial scholarship, joining the team for its 1979\u20131980 season. The raw young player became a special project for OSU head coach Aki Hill, who helped Menken develop her fundamental skills, including a solid back-to-the-basket game in the low post and smooth turnaround jump shot. Menken's work paid off and she was named a 1981 All-American following her senior year, 1980\u201381, during which she led the nation in field goal percentage at .750. Menken still holds Oregon State's career records for points (2,243), rebounds (901), and field goal percentage (.692).", "Shepard Menken Shepard Menken (November 2, 1921 \u2013 January 2, 1999) was an American film, television, voice, radio and character actor. Menken began his career at the age of 11, when he started appearing on children's radio programs. After high school, Menken attended Columbia University, and later studied performing arts at the Neighborhood Playhouse Theatre and the Juilliard School of Music. Menken made his film debut in 1949 with a supporting role in \"The Red Menace\", and eventually appeared onscreen in 17 movies. Menken worked steadily as a television actor, appearing on such series as \"I Love Lucy\", \"I Spy\", and \"The Wild Wild West\". He was also in demand as a voice talent, working on animated cartoons for Hanna-Barbera, UPA, and Marvel Productions, as well as advertising spots for StarKist Tuna and Mattel Toys; his was the voice intoning, \"The only way to fly!\" in Western Airlines' spots in the 1960s. Menken voiced the Clyde Crashcup character in \"The Alvin Show\", as well as the character Tonto in the 1966-69 animated series \"The Lone Ranger\". He also voiced the Spelling Bee and Chroma the Great in the 1970 live-action/animated film \"The Phantom Tollbooth\", and provided the voice for the title character in \"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi\". In 1963, Menken formed his own company, Malibu Films, which specialized in educational and industrial films. Shepard Menken died in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Woodland Hills two months after his 77th birthday."], "answer": {"text": "Alan Menken, both playing their piano accompaniment", "answer_start": 953}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Menken's do after he graduated?", "answer": {"text": "After graduating, Menken's plan was to become either a rock star or a recording artist.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he follow that plan?", "answer": {"text": "His interest in writing musicals increased when he joined the Broadcast Music, Inc.", "answer_start": 88, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do when he joined BMI?", "answer": {"text": "was mentored by Lehman Engel. From 1974 to 1978, he showcased various BMI workshop works, such as Midnight, Apartment House (", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he showcase any other projects during that time?", "answer": {"text": "He performed his material at clubs like The Ballroom, Reno Sweeny and Tramps.\"", "answer_start": 657, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he continue to write musicals?", "answer": {"text": "Menken contributed material to revues like New York's Back in Town, Big Apple Country, The Present Tense (1977), Real Life Funnies (Off-Broadway, 1981),", "answer_start": 1445, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he work on any movies?", "answer": {"text": "Menken contributed music for the film The Line (1980), directed by Robert J. Siegel.", "answer_start": 835, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he write anything that was never actually produced?", "answer": {"text": "He collaborated with Howard Ashman in an uncompleted musical called Babe (c. 1981), with Tom Eyen", "answer_start": 582, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_5ec5139171eb4f968e0492aef5e6dce4_1_q#0", "question": "what is Fijate Bien?", "rewrite": "what is Fijate Bien?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A Donde Vas A Donde Vas (Eng.: \"\"Where are you Going\"\") is the ninth studio album released by Los Bukis in 1985. The album reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Regional Mexican Albums. All songs written and composed by Marco Antonio Sol\u00eds except for Fijate, Fijate and Adios, Lo Siento", "F\u00edjate Bien F\u00edjate Bien (Spanish for Pay Attention) is the debut studio album recorded by Colombian singer-songwriter Juanes, It was released by Universal Music Latino on October 17, 2000 (see 2000 in music). The album was produced by Gustavo Santaolalla, who is known for his contributions to Latin rock tracks. All the songs on the album were written by Juanes himself. The strings were arranged, orchestrated and conducted by David Campbell, who has also worked on several other albums by Juanes. The album received six Latin Grammy Award nominations in 2001 including Album of the Year, Record of the Year and Song of the Year, Best Short Form Music Video for \"Fijate Bien\"; Best Rock Solo Vocal Album and Best New Artist winning the later two. The album was certified \"Disco de Platino\" by the RIAA on June 23, 2001 for shipping 100,000 copies.", "Mi Sangre Mi Sangre (\"My Blood\") is the third studio album by Colombian singer-songwriter Juanes, released on September 28, 2004. In 2005, a 'Tour Edition' of the album was released. This specially packaged re-release of \"Mi Sangre\" is an individually numbered, limited edition of 150,000 copies. Within its triple gatefold are two booklets \u2014 the CD's lyric book, a fold-out booklet with full credits of the current version, and many press quotes. The CD contains the regular album's 12 tracks, live versions of \"A Dios le Pido,\" \"La Camisa Negra,\" \"Fotograf\u00eda,\" and \"Nada Valgo Sin Tu Amor\". Bonus tracks include \"La Paga\", which features Taboo from The Black Eyed Peas, a remix of \"La Camisa Negra,\" and the unreleased track \"Lo Que Importa\". \" Lo Que Importa\" was originally made for the album \"Fijate Bien\". The second disc is a DVD featuring all four videos shot for the album. The 2005 Mexican double CD contains the regular album's 12 tracks too, but different bonus tracks and no DVD. Just like the regular Tour Edition, it contains bonus tracks \"Lo Que Importa\" and \"La Paga\", though the other bonus tracks are songs from his debut album \"F\u00edjate Bien\"; \"Nada,\" \"F\u00edjate Bien\" and \"Podemos Hacernos Da\u00f1o\". This edition also contains two other bonus tracks; an acoustic version of his first worldwide hit \"A Dios le Pido\" and a different remix of \"La Camisa Negra.\"", "[[Alejandro Sanz]] \u2014 \"[[El Alma Al Aire]] \" [[Armando Manzanero]] \u2014 \"[[Duetos (Armando Manzanero album)|Duetos]] \" [[Nestor Torres]] \u2014 \"This Side of Paradise\" [[Sindicato Argentino del Hip Hop]] \u2014 \"Un Paso a la Eternidad \" [[Juanes]] \u2014 \"[[F\u00edjate Bien]] \" [[Aterciopelados]] \u2014 \"Gozo Poderoso\" [[Juanes]] \u2014 \"[[F\u00edjate Bien (song)|Fijate Bien]] \" [[Tito Puente]] and [[Eddie Palmieri]] \u2014 \"Obra Maestra\" [[Chich\u00ed Peralta]] \u2014 \"... De Vuelta al Barrio\" [[Celia Cruz]] \u2014 \"Siempre Vivir\u00e9\" [[Kike Santander]] \u2014 \"J\u00farame (Merengue)\" ([[Gisselle]]) [[Pedro Fern\u00e1ndez (singer)|Pedro Fern\u00e1ndez]] \u2014 \"[[Yo No Fu\u00ed]] \" [[Banda el Recodo]] \u2014 \"Contigo Por Siempre\" [[Grupo Limite]] \u2014 \"Por Encima De Todo\" Jimmy Gonz\u00e1lez & [[Mazz|El Grupo Mazz]] \u2014 \" Quien Iba A Pensar\" [[Ram\u00f3n Ayala]] y Sus Bravos Del Norte \u2014 \"Qu\u00e9mame Los Ojos/Amigos Del Alma\" Jose Vaca Flores \u2014 \"Borracho Te Recuerdo\" ([[Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez]]) El All-Stars de La Rumba Cubana \u2014 \" La Rumba Soy Yo", "In 2000, Juanes released his solo debut Fijate Bien (Take a Good Look), produced by Gustavo Santaolalla. The album fared well in Colombia, spending ten weeks at the number one position, but was unsuccessful in other countries. The album earned him three Latin Grammys for Best New Artist, Best Rock Solo Vocal Album, and Best Rock Song, and Juanes performed at the award show. Later that night, Juanes brought demos for over forty new songs to Santaolalla's studio, ready to begin work on another album. The follow-up, Un Dia Normal (A Normal Day), also produced by Gustavo Santaolalla who signed him with his first solo album, was released in 2002 and was highly successful in Latin America. The album was certified gold in Colombia during its first day of sales and was certified platinum and multi-platinum in countries including Colombia, Mexico, and Spain. The album spent 92 weeks in the top ten of Billboard's Top Latin Albums chart, setting a new record, and spent a total of two years on the chart. The album was released after the eligibility deadlines for the 2002 Latin Grammy Awards, but the advance airdate for the lead single, \"A Dios le Pido\" (\"To God I Pray\"), allowed it to be nominated for three awards and win Best Rock Song. \"A Dios le Pido\" topped the singles charts of twelve countries and spent 47 consecutive weeks on the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks. The album also featured \"Fotografia\" (\"Photograph\"), a duet with Portuguese Canadian pop singer Nelly Furtado about the isolation between lovers."], "answer": {"text": "Juanes released his solo debut Fijate Bien", "answer_start": 9}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5ec5139171eb4f968e0492aef5e6dce4_1_q#2", "question": "did the album do well?", "rewrite": "did Fijate Bien do well?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["[[Alejandro Sanz]] \u2014 \"[[El Alma Al Aire]] \" [[Armando Manzanero]] \u2014 \"[[Duetos (Armando Manzanero album)|Duetos]] \" [[Nestor Torres]] \u2014 \"This Side of Paradise\" [[Sindicato Argentino del Hip Hop]] \u2014 \"Un Paso a la Eternidad \" [[Juanes]] \u2014 \"[[F\u00edjate Bien]] \" [[Aterciopelados]] \u2014 \"Gozo Poderoso\" [[Juanes]] \u2014 \"[[F\u00edjate Bien (song)|Fijate Bien]] \" [[Tito Puente]] and [[Eddie Palmieri]] \u2014 \"Obra Maestra\" [[Chich\u00ed Peralta]] \u2014 \"... De Vuelta al Barrio\" [[Celia Cruz]] \u2014 \"Siempre Vivir\u00e9\" [[Kike Santander]] \u2014 \"J\u00farame (Merengue)\" ([[Gisselle]]) [[Pedro Fern\u00e1ndez (singer)|Pedro Fern\u00e1ndez]] \u2014 \"[[Yo No Fu\u00ed]] \" [[Banda el Recodo]] \u2014 \"Contigo Por Siempre\" [[Grupo Limite]] \u2014 \"Por Encima De Todo\" Jimmy Gonz\u00e1lez & [[Mazz|El Grupo Mazz]] \u2014 \" Quien Iba A Pensar\" [[Ram\u00f3n Ayala]] y Sus Bravos Del Norte \u2014 \"Qu\u00e9mame Los Ojos/Amigos Del Alma\" Jose Vaca Flores \u2014 \"Borracho Te Recuerdo\" ([[Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez]]) El All-Stars de La Rumba Cubana \u2014 \" La Rumba Soy Yo", "F\u00edjate Bien F\u00edjate Bien (Spanish for Pay Attention) is the debut studio album recorded by Colombian singer-songwriter Juanes, It was released by Universal Music Latino on October 17, 2000 (see 2000 in music). The album was produced by Gustavo Santaolalla, who is known for his contributions to Latin rock tracks. All the songs on the album were written by Juanes himself. The strings were arranged, orchestrated and conducted by David Campbell, who has also worked on several other albums by Juanes. The album received six Latin Grammy Award nominations in 2001 including Album of the Year, Record of the Year and Song of the Year, Best Short Form Music Video for \"Fijate Bien\"; Best Rock Solo Vocal Album and Best New Artist winning the later two. The album was certified \"Disco de Platino\" by the RIAA on June 23, 2001 for shipping 100,000 copies.", "A Donde Vas A Donde Vas (Eng.: \"\"Where are you Going\"\") is the ninth studio album released by Los Bukis in 1985. The album reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Regional Mexican Albums. All songs written and composed by Marco Antonio Sol\u00eds except for Fijate, Fijate and Adios, Lo Siento", "Mi Sangre Mi Sangre (\"My Blood\") is the third studio album by Colombian singer-songwriter Juanes, released on September 28, 2004. In 2005, a 'Tour Edition' of the album was released. This specially packaged re-release of \"Mi Sangre\" is an individually numbered, limited edition of 150,000 copies. Within its triple gatefold are two booklets \u2014 the CD's lyric book, a fold-out booklet with full credits of the current version, and many press quotes. The CD contains the regular album's 12 tracks, live versions of \"A Dios le Pido,\" \"La Camisa Negra,\" \"Fotograf\u00eda,\" and \"Nada Valgo Sin Tu Amor\". Bonus tracks include \"La Paga\", which features Taboo from The Black Eyed Peas, a remix of \"La Camisa Negra,\" and the unreleased track \"Lo Que Importa\". \" Lo Que Importa\" was originally made for the album \"Fijate Bien\". The second disc is a DVD featuring all four videos shot for the album. The 2005 Mexican double CD contains the regular album's 12 tracks too, but different bonus tracks and no DVD. Just like the regular Tour Edition, it contains bonus tracks \"Lo Que Importa\" and \"La Paga\", though the other bonus tracks are songs from his debut album \"F\u00edjate Bien\"; \"Nada,\" \"F\u00edjate Bien\" and \"Podemos Hacernos Da\u00f1o\". This edition also contains two other bonus tracks; an acoustic version of his first worldwide hit \"A Dios le Pido\" and a different remix of \"La Camisa Negra.\"", "In 2000, Juanes released his solo debut Fijate Bien (Take a Good Look), produced by Gustavo Santaolalla. The album fared well in Colombia, spending ten weeks at the number one position, but was unsuccessful in other countries. The album earned him three Latin Grammys for Best New Artist, Best Rock Solo Vocal Album, and Best Rock Song, and Juanes performed at the award show. Later that night, Juanes brought demos for over forty new songs to Santaolalla's studio, ready to begin work on another album. The follow-up, Un Dia Normal (A Normal Day), also produced by Gustavo Santaolalla who signed him with his first solo album, was released in 2002 and was highly successful in Latin America. The album was certified gold in Colombia during its first day of sales and was certified platinum and multi-platinum in countries including Colombia, Mexico, and Spain. The album spent 92 weeks in the top ten of Billboard's Top Latin Albums chart, setting a new record, and spent a total of two years on the chart. The album was released after the eligibility deadlines for the 2002 Latin Grammy Awards, but the advance airdate for the lead single, \"A Dios le Pido\" (\"To God I Pray\"), allowed it to be nominated for three awards and win Best Rock Song. \"A Dios le Pido\" topped the singles charts of twelve countries and spent 47 consecutive weeks on the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks. The album also featured \"Fotografia\" (\"Photograph\"), a duet with Portuguese Canadian pop singer Nelly Furtado about the isolation between lovers."], "answer": {"text": "The album fared well in Colombia, spending ten weeks at the number one position, but was unsuccessful in other countries.", "answer_start": 105}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "what is Fijate Bien?", "answer": {"text": "Juanes released his solo debut Fijate Bien", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is a single released?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5ec5139171eb4f968e0492aef5e6dce4_1_q#3", "question": "did the album win any awards?", "rewrite": "did Fijate Bien win any awards?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["[[Alejandro Sanz]] \u2014 \"[[El Alma Al Aire]] \" [[Armando Manzanero]] \u2014 \"[[Duetos (Armando Manzanero album)|Duetos]] \" [[Nestor Torres]] \u2014 \"This Side of Paradise\" [[Sindicato Argentino del Hip Hop]] \u2014 \"Un Paso a la Eternidad \" [[Juanes]] \u2014 \"[[F\u00edjate Bien]] \" [[Aterciopelados]] \u2014 \"Gozo Poderoso\" [[Juanes]] \u2014 \"[[F\u00edjate Bien (song)|Fijate Bien]] \" [[Tito Puente]] and [[Eddie Palmieri]] \u2014 \"Obra Maestra\" [[Chich\u00ed Peralta]] \u2014 \"... De Vuelta al Barrio\" [[Celia Cruz]] \u2014 \"Siempre Vivir\u00e9\" [[Kike Santander]] \u2014 \"J\u00farame (Merengue)\" ([[Gisselle]]) [[Pedro Fern\u00e1ndez (singer)|Pedro Fern\u00e1ndez]] \u2014 \"[[Yo No Fu\u00ed]] \" [[Banda el Recodo]] \u2014 \"Contigo Por Siempre\" [[Grupo Limite]] \u2014 \"Por Encima De Todo\" Jimmy Gonz\u00e1lez & [[Mazz|El Grupo Mazz]] \u2014 \" Quien Iba A Pensar\" [[Ram\u00f3n Ayala]] y Sus Bravos Del Norte \u2014 \"Qu\u00e9mame Los Ojos/Amigos Del Alma\" Jose Vaca Flores \u2014 \"Borracho Te Recuerdo\" ([[Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez]]) El All-Stars de La Rumba Cubana \u2014 \" La Rumba Soy Yo", "In 2000, Juanes released his solo debut Fijate Bien (Take a Good Look), produced by Gustavo Santaolalla. The album fared well in Colombia, spending ten weeks at the number one position, but was unsuccessful in other countries. The album earned him three Latin Grammys for Best New Artist, Best Rock Solo Vocal Album, and Best Rock Song, and Juanes performed at the award show. Later that night, Juanes brought demos for over forty new songs to Santaolalla's studio, ready to begin work on another album. The follow-up, Un Dia Normal (A Normal Day), also produced by Gustavo Santaolalla who signed him with his first solo album, was released in 2002 and was highly successful in Latin America. The album was certified gold in Colombia during its first day of sales and was certified platinum and multi-platinum in countries including Colombia, Mexico, and Spain. The album spent 92 weeks in the top ten of Billboard's Top Latin Albums chart, setting a new record, and spent a total of two years on the chart. The album was released after the eligibility deadlines for the 2002 Latin Grammy Awards, but the advance airdate for the lead single, \"A Dios le Pido\" (\"To God I Pray\"), allowed it to be nominated for three awards and win Best Rock Song. \"A Dios le Pido\" topped the singles charts of twelve countries and spent 47 consecutive weeks on the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks. The album also featured \"Fotografia\" (\"Photograph\"), a duet with Portuguese Canadian pop singer Nelly Furtado about the isolation between lovers.", "Mi Sangre Mi Sangre (\"My Blood\") is the third studio album by Colombian singer-songwriter Juanes, released on September 28, 2004. In 2005, a 'Tour Edition' of the album was released. This specially packaged re-release of \"Mi Sangre\" is an individually numbered, limited edition of 150,000 copies. Within its triple gatefold are two booklets \u2014 the CD's lyric book, a fold-out booklet with full credits of the current version, and many press quotes. The CD contains the regular album's 12 tracks, live versions of \"A Dios le Pido,\" \"La Camisa Negra,\" \"Fotograf\u00eda,\" and \"Nada Valgo Sin Tu Amor\". Bonus tracks include \"La Paga\", which features Taboo from The Black Eyed Peas, a remix of \"La Camisa Negra,\" and the unreleased track \"Lo Que Importa\". \" Lo Que Importa\" was originally made for the album \"Fijate Bien\". The second disc is a DVD featuring all four videos shot for the album. The 2005 Mexican double CD contains the regular album's 12 tracks too, but different bonus tracks and no DVD. Just like the regular Tour Edition, it contains bonus tracks \"Lo Que Importa\" and \"La Paga\", though the other bonus tracks are songs from his debut album \"F\u00edjate Bien\"; \"Nada,\" \"F\u00edjate Bien\" and \"Podemos Hacernos Da\u00f1o\". This edition also contains two other bonus tracks; an acoustic version of his first worldwide hit \"A Dios le Pido\" and a different remix of \"La Camisa Negra.\"", "F\u00edjate Bien F\u00edjate Bien (Spanish for Pay Attention) is the debut studio album recorded by Colombian singer-songwriter Juanes, It was released by Universal Music Latino on October 17, 2000 (see 2000 in music). The album was produced by Gustavo Santaolalla, who is known for his contributions to Latin rock tracks. All the songs on the album were written by Juanes himself. The strings were arranged, orchestrated and conducted by David Campbell, who has also worked on several other albums by Juanes. The album received six Latin Grammy Award nominations in 2001 including Album of the Year, Record of the Year and Song of the Year, Best Short Form Music Video for \"Fijate Bien\"; Best Rock Solo Vocal Album and Best New Artist winning the later two. The album was certified \"Disco de Platino\" by the RIAA on June 23, 2001 for shipping 100,000 copies.", "Her return coincided with the seventh of Japan's 10 \"kikusui\" attacks on Okinawa shipping. The onslaught had begun the previous evening but had subsided somewhat during the daylight hours of the 24th when \"Ammen\" resumed duty as a fighter director. Just before 2000, the Japanese renewed their attacks with increasing intensity. The first six raids she detected posed no real threat to \"Ammen\" and her colleagues at radar picket station 15. The seventh raid closed to within five miles of her station but kept its distance in face of antiaircraft fire from \"Ammen\"s consorts. From that time until about 0300 on the 25th, aircraft flew back and forth over station 15. The warships assigned there let fly with their antiaircraft batteries whenever enemy planes approached. Throughout the night of 24\u201325 May, no Japanese aviator made a really determined attack on radar picket station 15. In fact, \"Ammen\"s radar screen remained clear of bogies during the morning watch of 25 May. Half an hour into the forenoon watch, however, things began to warm up. She detected a group of enemy planes approaching from the north about 40 miles distant. The destroyer dispatched her CAP fighters to meet the enemy, and they bagged two Nakajima Ki-44 \"Tojo\" Army fighters and two Kawasaki Ki-61 \"Tony\" Army fighters. Unfortunately, a fifth plane-another \"Tojo\"-slipped through and, a little after 0900, began a suicide dive, apparently at \"Ammen\". The destroyer opened fire, but the \"kamikaze\" maintained his course and gathered speed. Instead of striking \"Ammen\", though, he passed along her length and did a wingover into crashing her after torpedo mount. Though battered, \"Stormes\" remained afloat and, after repairs, continued in active service for almost three decades."], "answer": {"text": "The album earned him three Latin Grammys for", "answer_start": 227}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is Fijate Bien?", "answer": {"text": "Juanes released his solo debut Fijate Bien", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is a single released?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the album do well?", "answer": {"text": "The album fared well in Colombia, spending ten weeks at the number one position, but was unsuccessful in other countries.", "answer_start": 105, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5ec5139171eb4f968e0492aef5e6dce4_1_q#5", "question": "did he collaborate with anyone?", "rewrite": "did Juanes collaborate with anyone?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["MTV Unplugged (Juanes album) Juanes: MTV Unplugged is the third live album of Colombian singer Juanes. It was recorded before a live audience at the New World Symphony Center in Miami Beach, Florida, on February 1, 2012 and was released by Universal Music Latino on May 29, 2012. The album includes featured performances by the Spanish composer Joaqu\u00edn Sabina and the Brazilian singer Paula Fernandes. The album features rearranged takes on Juanes' hit songs like \"Me Enamora\", La Camisa Negra and \"A Dios le Pido\". The first single of the live album was released on March 5, 2012 called La Se\u00f1al, which became a hit in Latin America. The second single was \"Me Enamora\", with new instrumental arrangements, and was released two days after of the album's release. The album featured three new songs, one of which was a collaboration with Joaqu\u00edn Sabina. The album debuted at number one on the Billboard Top Latin Albums Chart and won the 2012 Latin Grammy for Album of the Year. This was the third time he won Album of the Year at the Latin Grammys. Following the release of his previous album, \"P.A.R.C.E.\" (2010), Juanes embarked on a tour to promote the album. However, the tour was canceled in the United States on May 2011 following the separation with his former manager Fern\u00e1n Mart\u00ednez, who labeled his last album a commercial failure, and the desire to spend time with his family. Mart\u00ednez also affirmed that Juanes was experiencing depression and personal problems and would retire for a few years which Juanes's wife denied. On December 2011, Juanes announced that he would record a live album as part of the \"MTV Unplugged\" series.", "Nada (Juanes song) Nada is a song by Colombian singer Juanes belonging to their debut album F\u00edjate Bien. The single went on sale in 2000. This song became known to Juanes as a great artist and one of the most successful singers of pop music. The song was well received in European and Latin American countries. The theme of the song is the life of an unfortunate person while in love. With this song the album F\u00edjate Bien had high sales in Hispanic countries, selling over one million copies worldwide, making it one of the best selling Spanish debut albums in the history of music. The song arrived at number one in several countries in Latin America and Europe; it was in the top 40 Colombia, Mexico, and Spain, and quickly topped the charts. In Chile the song on its first day reached position 5 and the next week debuted at No. 1, this example was followed by several South American countries. In the music video, Juanes is a convict awaiting his execution by electric chair. Various people pace around in the room with him, including a priest and a policeman, watching the clock impatiently while yelling in Juanes's ear. A woman and two children watch the execution from a window in a room above. When the clock strikes twelve, the executioner, who is shown as Juanes for a moment, throws the switch. A sign flashes \"applause.\" After the execution is over, Juanes walks into the room with the woman and children.", "After finishing both options, teams had to climb a wall and ring a bell in order to receive their next clue from the hands of a BOPE member. Airdate: December 9, 2012 (Brazil); December 11, 2012 (Rest of Latin America) The Detour was a choice between \"Futev\u00f3lei\" (Footvolley) and Caipirinhas. In \"Futev\u00f3lei\", teams had to play footvolley against two professional players. Once teams scored four points, the referee would hand them their next clue. In Caipirinhas, teams had to prepare sixty caipirinhas following the given indications. If teams prepared the sixty caipirinhas properly, they would receive the clue from the expert. In this Leg's Roadblock, one team member had to eat of , a typical meal of the Brazilian Northeast Region made with goat entrails. Once the team member ate all the buchada, teams would receive their next clue. Airdate: December 16, 2012 (Brazil) ; December 18, 2012 (Rest of Latin America) Airdate: December 23, 2012 (Brazil); December 25, 2012 (Rest of Latin America) The Detour was a choice between \"Acquaball\" (Aquaball) and \"Tif\". In \"Acquaball\", one team member at a time had to get into an acquaball and then run over the water until they reached a marked buoy and then return to the shore. Once both team members completed the course, they would receive their next clue. In \"Tif\", one team member at a time had to use a tif system (similar to Paddleboarding) that included two small tables (one for each foot) and two oars to paddle to the marked buoy and then return to the shore in order to receive their next clue.", "List of awards and nominations received by Juanes The American Music Awards is an annual major American music award show by the American Broadcasting Company. It was established in 1973. Juanes received a nomination in 2008. The Grammy Award is an accolade by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to recognize outstanding achievement on the music industry. Juanes has received five nominations and won two. A Latin Grammy Award is an accolade by the Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences to recognize outstanding achievement in the music industry. Juanes has received twenty awards and twenty-six nominations. acreditadolo with large acrededores Calle 13 (band) Latin Grammy. The MTV Europe Music Awards were established in 1901 by MTV Networks Europe to celebrate the most popular music videos in Europe. uanes received a nomination in 2012. The MTV Video Music Awards were established in the end of the summer of 1984 by MTV to celebrate the top music videos of the year. Juanes received an award from three nominations. Los Premios MTV Latinoam\u00e9rica or VMALA's is the Latin American version of the Video Music Awards. Kudai won five awards from sixteen nominations. Juanes received eleven awards from twenty nominations, being the male artist with more awards. The Billboard Latin Music Awards grew out of the Billboard Music Awards program from Billboard Magazine, an industry publication charting the sales and radio airplay success of musical recordings. Juanes has received nine awards from twenty nominations. Orgullosamente Latino Awards is the Latino awards organised by the Ritmoson Latino. The show has been held annually since 2004 and is voted on by the general public. Juanes has received two nominations in 2008 LOS40 Music Awards, formerly Los Premios 40 Principales, is an awards ceremony hosted annually by the Spanish radio channel Los 40.", "Mauro Ferreira of Notas Musicais, criticized the new songs calling the praised the featurings of Paula Fernandes and Joaquin Sabina and the presence of the singer on stage. To finish the professional review, saying: Closure impressive for this MTV Unplugged giving (any) time to Juanes to revitalize his work. The album and was certified gold in the U.S., Mexico, Spain and Venezuela and 12 times platinum in Colombia, where Juanes was recognized with the media during a press conference held in the capital of that country. \" Juanes MTV Unplugged\" will turn into the hard to reach in less time sales record this also becomes the best-selling music DVD in history in Colombia. \"Juanes MTV Unplugged\" peaked at #1 of the Billboard Latin Albums Chart and #1 on the Billboard Latin Pop Albums. The album also debuted on the \"Billboard\" 200 at #52. A few days after the confirmation of his then-upcoming appearance on MTV Unplugged, the TV channel released a contest for US residents called \"MTV Demo: Concurso Unplug con Juanes\" (English: Unplug contest with Juanes). The contest challenging the contestants to record a video of themselves singing a Juanes song and the winner had a possibility to attend the concert with the singer. At the 2013 Grammy Awards, the album won at the Best Latin Pop Album category. At the 13th Annual Latin Grammy Awards in 2012, the album received two awards: This track listing adapted from the liner notes and the deluxe edition is the same track list but on video version."], "answer": {"text": "duet with Portuguese Canadian pop singer Nelly Furtado", "answer_start": 1430}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is Fijate Bien?", "answer": {"text": "Juanes released his solo debut Fijate Bien", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is a single released?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the album do well?", "answer": {"text": "The album fared well in Colombia, spending ten weeks at the number one position, but was unsuccessful in other countries.", "answer_start": 105, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the album win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "The album earned him three Latin Grammys for", "answer_start": 227, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he go on tour?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5ec5139171eb4f968e0492aef5e6dce4_1_q#6", "question": "what was the song?", "rewrite": "what was the song that Juanes collaborated with Nelly Furtado on?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Appena prima di partire (song) \"Appena prima di partire\" is a pop song by Italian duo Zero Assoluto, released on February 27, 2007, from their self-titled second studio album, \"Appena prima di partire\". The song was sung by the group at the Sanremo Music Festival 2007, reaching #9. During the Evening of Duets, the group sung the song with Nelly Furtado. The song was released on March 2, 2007, at the same time of the Festival. The single was released only as a digital download, and it was not sold in Italian stores. A new version was released in Germany on May 11, 2008, called \"Win or Lose\". Nelly Furtado joins them in the re-recording. The \"Appena prima di partire\" music video was shot in Barcelona, and it was directed by Cosimo Alema. The video is a love story between an American boy and a Spanish girl. There are three versions of the video. The first version features Zero Assoluto in the version without Nelly Furtado. In the second version Nelly Furtado's vocals are heard, but she does not appear. The third version is the video for the re-recorded version, \"Win or Lose\", and Nelly Furtado is in it.", "Juno Awards of 2001 The Juno Awards of 2001 were held in Hamilton, Ontario Canada during the weekend of 3\u20134 March 2001. The primary ceremonies were hosted by Rick Mercer at Copps Coliseum on 4 March 2001 and broadcast on CBC Television. Performers during the telecast included: Deborah Cox, Nelly Furtado, The Guess Who, Jacksoul, Michie Mee, The Moffatts and Treble Charger. Nominations were announced 24 January 2001. Nelly Furtado received five nominations and won four of these. The 2001 awards were the last Junos broadcast on CBC Television until 2018. From 2002 to 2017, the awards would move to CTV. Up to 2001, every primary Juno ceremony had been aired on the CBC since the first Juno telecast in 1975. Winner: Jann Arden Other Nominees: Winner: Neil Young Other Nominees: Winner: Nelly Furtado Other Nominees: Winner: Barenaked Ladies Other Nominees: Winner: Nickelback Other Nominees: Winner: Nelly Furtado, \"Turn Off The Light\", \"I'm Like A Bird\", \"... On the Radio (Remember the Days)\" Other Nominees: Winner: Terri Clark Other Nominees: Winner: Paul Brandt Other Nominees: Winner: The Wilkinsons Other Nominees: Winner: Gerald Eaton, Brian West and Nelly Furtado, \" I'm like a Bird\" and \"Turn off the Light\" both by Nelly Furtado Other Nominees: Winner: Jeff Wolpert, \"Make It Go Away\" and \"Romantically Helpless\" both by Holly Cole Other Nominees: Winner: Bruce Cockburn Winner: Daniel Caudeiron Winner: \"Maroon\", Barenaked Ladies Other Nominees: Winner: \"Love Comin' Down\", Sue Foley Other Nominees: Winner: \" Sing & Dance\", Jack Grunsky Other Nominees: Winner: \" Bach:", "Te Busqu\u00e9 \"Te Busque\" is a song by Canadian singer Nelly Furtado from her third studio album \"Loose\" (2006), featuring Juanes. The song was written by Furtado, Juanes and Lester Mendez, who produced the song. Furtado originally wrote the song in mid-2006 to a beat that Lester Mendez had created, with the verses in English and the choruses in Spanish. She disliked the chorus and discussed it with Juanes, who had collaborated with Furtado on his single \"Fotograf\u00eda\" (2003) and who had played at the Universal Amphitheatre in Los Angeles, where Furtado and Mendez were working. Juanes agreed to co-write a duet with Furtado for the album, and he flew from Mexico to Toronto, Ontario, where they wrote the song in two days. Juanes played electric and acoustic guitar on the track. It was released on 8 July to the iTunes Store in Spain, where it was released as the first single from the album. The main reason for the single's release in Spain was the limited success that hip-hop/R&B-influenced songs in the style of \"Promiscuous\" and \"Maneater\", the album's lead singles in North America and the rest of Europe, respectively, achieved in the country. A music video was scheduled to be shot in December 2006, but the video shoot was cancelled due to scheduling conflicts. The song was not officially released in the United States, but it was given airplay on Latin music radio stations and reached number twenty four on \"Billboard\"'s Latin Pop Airplay chart.", ": \"Clothes Off\" - Gym Class Heroes August 6: \"Clothes Off\" - Gym Class Heroes August 7: \"The Great Escape\" - Boys Like Girls August 8 : \"The Great Escape\" - Boys Like Girls August 9: \"The Great Escape\" - Boys Like Girls August 13: \"Easy\" - Paula DeAnda featuring Bow Wow August 14: \"Easy\" - Paula DeAnda featuring Bow Wow August 15: \"The Great Escape\" - Boys Like Girls August 16: \"Clothes Off\" - Gym Class Heroes August 20: \"Clothes Off\" - Gym Class Heroes August 21: \"Clothes Off\" - Gym Class Heroes August 22: \"When You're Gone\" - Avril Lavigne August 23: \"Easy\" - Paula DeAnda featuring Bow Wow August 27: \"Easy\" - Paula DeAnda featuring Bow Wow August 28: \"When You're Gone\" - Avril Lavigne August 29: \"When You're Gone\" - Avril Lavigne August 30: \"The Great Escape\" - Boys Like Girls September 4: \"The Great Escape\" - Boys Like Girls September 5: \"The Great Escape\" - Boys Like Girls September 6: \"When You're Gone\" - Avril Lavigne September 7: \"Do It\" - Nelly Furtado September 10: \"Do It\" - Nelly Furtado September 11: \"Do It\" - Nelly Furtado September 12: \"Hip Hop Police\" - Chamillionaire featuring Slick Rick September 13: \"Do It\" - Nelly Furtado September 17: \"Do It\" - Nelly Furtado September 18: \"Do It\" - Nelly Furtado September 19: \"Hip Hop Police\" - Chemillionaire featuring Slick Rick September 20: \"Hip Hop Police\" - Chamillionaire featuring Slick Rick October 1: \"Misery Business\" -", "Fotograf\u00eda (Juanes and Nelly Furtado song) \"Fotograf\u00eda\" (English: \"Photograph\") is a song recorded by Juanes and Nelly Furtado for Juanes' second studio album, \"Un D\u00eda Normal\" (2002). The duet, which was followed by another (\"Te Busqu\u00e9\" on Furtado's 2006 studio album, \"Loose\"), was extremely commercially successful: it reached number one on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Latin Tracks chart and in Latin American countries such as Argentina, Chile, Mexico and Peru. The song re-introduced Furtado to the Latin American market and paved the way for Furtado's success with \"Folklore\", her second album, in the region. In 2012 Juanes recorded a new duet with Emanuela Bellezza for inclusion on the Deluxe Edition of his album \"Juanes MTV Unplugged\"."], "answer": {"text": "\"Fotografia\" (\"Photograph\"),", "answer_start": 1399}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is Fijate Bien?", "answer": {"text": "Juanes released his solo debut Fijate Bien", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is a single released?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the album do well?", "answer": {"text": "The album fared well in Colombia, spending ten weeks at the number one position, but was unsuccessful in other countries.", "answer_start": 105, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the album win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "The album earned him three Latin Grammys for", "answer_start": 227, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he go on tour?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he collaborate with anyone?", "answer": {"text": "duet with Portuguese Canadian pop singer Nelly Furtado", "answer_start": 1430, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bd8ce2e8a5e4480a9c2c4d6faecfb5a7_0_q#0", "question": "What was Chao doing in the 2000s?", "rewrite": "What was Chao doing in the 2000s?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Elaine Chao Elaine Lan Chao (; born March 26, 1953) is the United States Secretary of Transportation who assumed her office on January 31, 2017. A member of the Republican Party, Chao was previously Secretary of Labor under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2009. Born in Taipei to Chinese parents who had left mainland China following the Chinese Civil War, Chao immigrated to the United States at age 8. Her father founded the Foremost Group, which eventually became a major shipping corporation. Chao was raised on Long Island, New York and subsequently attended Mount Holyoke College and Harvard Business School. She worked for a number of financial institutions before being appointed to several senior positions in the Department of Transportation under Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush, including Deputy Secretary. She next served as Director of the Peace Corps. Chao was president of the United Way of America from 1992 to 1996. While not in government, Chao has served on several boards of directors and worked for The Heritage Foundation and the Hudson Institute, two conservative think-tanks. Chao served as Secretary of Labor for the duration of George W. Bush's presidency and serves as Secretary of Transportation under President Donald Trump. Chao was the first Asian American woman and the first Chinese American in U.S. history to be appointed to a President's Cabinet. Chao married Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell in 1993. Elaine Chao immigrated to the United States when she was eight years old. The eldest of six daughters, Chao was born in Taipei, Taiwan, to Ruth Mulan Chu Chao, a historian, and James S.C. Chao, who began his career as a merchant mariner and in 1964 founded a shipping company in New York City. The company, Foremost Maritime Corporation, developed into the Foremost Group; as of 2013, James S.C. Chao continued to serve as its Chairman, later succeeded by Elaine's sister Angela.", "Chao can enter karate competitions in this game, as well as racing. The Game Boy Advance (GBA) games \"Sonic Advance\", \"Sonic Advance 2\", and \"Sonic Pinball Party\" feature a \"Tiny Chao Garden\", similar to the Chao Gardens of \"Sonic Adventure\" and \"Sonic Adventure 2\" but with minigames in place of racing and karate competitions. Chao can be transferred between \"Sonic Adventure 2 Battle\" and \"Sonic Adventure DX: Director's Cut\"\u2014Nintendo GameCube ports of \"Sonic Adventure 2\" and \"Sonic Adventure\"\u2014and the GBA games featuring a Tiny Chao Garden. Unusually, a generic Chao is an unlockable character in the party game \"Sonic Shuffle\". Chao have also appeared in the series as minor characters and gameplay elements. Two Chao\u2014one Normal and one Dark\u2014who drive Chao-styled mechas are playable characters in the two-player battle mode of \"Sonic Adventure 2: Battle\". On the \"Sonic the Hedgehog\"-styled pinball board in \"Sonic Pinball Party\", one of the player's objectives is to hatch several Chao eggs. Each world in the 2004 GBA game \"Sonic Advance 3\" features Chao-inspired minigames to earn extra lives for the player, and a sidequest that involves finding Chao to obtain Chaos Emeralds. 2007's PlayStation Portable installment \"Sonic Rivals 2\" hides Chao throughout levels to be found in a free play mode. In the 2008 Nintendo DS role-playing game \"\", Chao eggs are hidden throughout the in-game universe for the player to find and hatch. The resulting infant Chao can be equipped to characters. This affects the characters' performance in battle; for example, one kind will increase the character's hit points. The game features a multiplayer mode in which Chao can be traded between players who each have a copy of the game.", "Chao are small creatures with a pudding-like body and behave much like human infants, with pleasant and relaxing personalities. Professor Chao, a minor character in \"Sonic Adventure 2\", states that Chao are cute, and enjoy toys and being held or petted. However, they dislike being held while the player jumps, spins around, or throws them. Chao's diets consist of tree fruit and coconuts. Chao hatch from eggs found in Chao Gardens. When the player spends enough time with a Chao in the Chao Garden, the Chao develops a cocoon; it hatches from this as an adult. Eventually it develops another cocoon. If the Chao has been treated well, the cocoon is pink and the Chao is reincarnated as an egg; the cycle then restarts and the Chao remembers the player. If, however, the Chao has been treated poorly, the cocoon is gray and the Chao dies, removing every trace of itself from the game. Chao can breed to produce fertile eggs. Chao have appeared in numerous \"Sonic the Hedgehog\" video games as digital pets. They made their first appearance in the 1998 Dreamcast game \"Sonic Adventure\". The player can raise them, enter them in races, and export them to \"Chao Adventure\", a game for the Dreamcast's VMU peripheral. The player can also trade Chao or post their high scores online using the Dreamcast's Internet capabilities. The Chao raising feature was expanded in \"Sonic Adventure 2\"; Chao may become \"Hero Chao\" or \"Dark Chao\" depending on whether the game's \"hero\" characters (Sonic the Hedgehog, Miles \"Tails\" Prower, and Knuckles the Echidna) or \"dark\" characters (Shadow the Hedgehog, Doctor Eggman, and Rouge the Bat) are nicer to them.", "Concurrently, Liu Bei also sent people to spread negative rumours about Ma Chao in Hanzhong, causing Zhang Lu to become suspicious of Ma Chao. Ma Chao heard that Zhang Lu was starting to doubt his loyalty and planned to defect to Liu Bei, especially since Liu Bei was a rival of his sworn enemy, Cao Cao. At that time, Liu Bei was besieging Liu Zhang in Yi Province's capital Chengdu, when he received Ma Chao's request to serve him. Liu Bei was pleased and eagerly accepted Ma Chao's assistance, and sent troops and supplies to Ma Chao's camp. Following that, Ma Chao led his army to attack Chengdu from the north. Liu Zhang was shocked because he did not expect Ma Chao to make such a move. Shortly later, Liu Bei's adviser Jian Yong managed to convince Liu Zhang to surrender, and Yi Province came under Liu Bei's control. Ma Chao became one of the Five Tiger Generals under Liu Bei after the latter defeated Cao Cao in the Hanzhong Campaign and declared himself \"King of Hanzhong\". The Battle of Jiameng Pass was not documented in the historical text \"Records of the Three Kingdoms\" by Chen Shou. There is no mention of a duel between Ma Chao and Zhang Fei. Ma Chao's defection from Zhang Lu to Liu Bei's side is described in Ma Chao's biography as follows: An annotation from the \"Dianlue\" in Ma Chao's biography stated: Nothing is mentioned about the roles Zhuge Liang, Yang Song and Li Hui played in Ma Chao's defection. In \"\", Ma Chao's legend, Battle of Jia Meng Gate (Jiameng Pass) is much different from the novelisation. The backstory of this battle is that Ma Chao has defected from Liu Zhang and joined Liu Bei.", "Chao (state) Chao () was a minor state of the Chinese Bronze Age, whose people belonged to the Shu tribes (\u7fa4\u8212, literally \"Many Shu\") that lived south of the Huai River. Chao's exact location is unknown; traditionally, it was assumed that the state had existed in the vicinity of modern-day Chaohu, Anhui, but more recent sinologists like He Hao and Barry Blakeley consider it more likely that Chao was located further north, near the Huai River. According to the \"Book of Documents\", Chao was a satellite of the Shang dynasty until the latter was overthrown by the Zhou dynasty, whereupon Chao voluntarily submitted to King Wu of Zhou around 1040 BCE. A few decades later during the reign of King Kang of Zhou, however, Chao rebelled and attacked Zhou territory. As result, the Zhou king sent the Six Armies of the West under Tung Kung to defeat Chao, though in the end it was the regional lord of E who defeated and captured Chao's rebellious ruler. Despite this, Chao remained restive, and when a massive war broke out between Xu and the Zhou dynasty in the 940s BCE, the people of Chao sided with Xu against their overlords. This rebellion, too, proved unsuccessful for Chao, and was crushed when the Duke of Mao captured Chao's capital. After the Zhou dynasty had largely collapsed in the 8th century BCE, Chao became fully independent, but soon came to be threatened by the expansionist state of Chu. Around 600 BCE, Chao and the other Shu states were forced to officially submit to Chu in order to avoid destruction. Nevertheless, the Shu states continued to maintain their desire for independence, which was supported and stirred by Chu's rival, Wu."], "answer": {"text": "song \"Me llaman Calle\", written for the 2005 Spanish film Princesas, earned that film a Goya nomination for Best Original", "answer_start": 118}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_bd8ce2e8a5e4480a9c2c4d6faecfb5a7_0_q#2", "question": "what did he release first in his solo years?", "rewrite": "what did Chao release first in his solo years?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Flickering Flame: The Solo Years Volume 1 Flickering Flame: The Solo Years Volume I is a compilation album of former Pink Floyd member Roger Waters' solo material, released in Europe and Australia in 2002 (see 2002 in music). It was not released in the US and UK until 30 May 2011, when this album along with the rest of the Waters' solo material was released as part of \" The Roger Waters Collection\" Boxset. The album will be sold separately from the compilation, for a 12-month term. The original versions of this album were released on CD with a note on the cover saying \"\"will not play on a PC/Mac\"\", due to a form of copy protection. Users of Apple computers reported they were unable to eject CDs with this kind of copy protection. 01 Knockin' On Heaven's Door 02 Too Much Rope & 05 Three Wishes 03 The Tide Is Turning, 07 Who Needs Information & 11 Radio Waves 04 Perfect Sense, Part I & II & 08 Each Small Candle 06 5.06am (Every Stranger's Eyes) 09 Flickering Flame 10 Towers of Faith 12 Lost Boys Calling (original demo)", "Chao are small creatures with a pudding-like body and behave much like human infants, with pleasant and relaxing personalities. Professor Chao, a minor character in \"Sonic Adventure 2\", states that Chao are cute, and enjoy toys and being held or petted. However, they dislike being held while the player jumps, spins around, or throws them. Chao's diets consist of tree fruit and coconuts. Chao hatch from eggs found in Chao Gardens. When the player spends enough time with a Chao in the Chao Garden, the Chao develops a cocoon; it hatches from this as an adult. Eventually it develops another cocoon. If the Chao has been treated well, the cocoon is pink and the Chao is reincarnated as an egg; the cycle then restarts and the Chao remembers the player. If, however, the Chao has been treated poorly, the cocoon is gray and the Chao dies, removing every trace of itself from the game. Chao can breed to produce fertile eggs. Chao have appeared in numerous \"Sonic the Hedgehog\" video games as digital pets. They made their first appearance in the 1998 Dreamcast game \"Sonic Adventure\". The player can raise them, enter them in races, and export them to \"Chao Adventure\", a game for the Dreamcast's VMU peripheral. The player can also trade Chao or post their high scores online using the Dreamcast's Internet capabilities. The Chao raising feature was expanded in \"Sonic Adventure 2\"; Chao may become \"Hero Chao\" or \"Dark Chao\" depending on whether the game's \"hero\" characters (Sonic the Hedgehog, Miles \"Tails\" Prower, and Knuckles the Echidna) or \"dark\" characters (Shadow the Hedgehog, Doctor Eggman, and Rouge the Bat) are nicer to them.", "Concurrently, Liu Bei also sent people to spread negative rumours about Ma Chao in Hanzhong, causing Zhang Lu to become suspicious of Ma Chao. Ma Chao heard that Zhang Lu was starting to doubt his loyalty and planned to defect to Liu Bei, especially since Liu Bei was a rival of his sworn enemy, Cao Cao. At that time, Liu Bei was besieging Liu Zhang in Yi Province's capital Chengdu, when he received Ma Chao's request to serve him. Liu Bei was pleased and eagerly accepted Ma Chao's assistance, and sent troops and supplies to Ma Chao's camp. Following that, Ma Chao led his army to attack Chengdu from the north. Liu Zhang was shocked because he did not expect Ma Chao to make such a move. Shortly later, Liu Bei's adviser Jian Yong managed to convince Liu Zhang to surrender, and Yi Province came under Liu Bei's control. Ma Chao became one of the Five Tiger Generals under Liu Bei after the latter defeated Cao Cao in the Hanzhong Campaign and declared himself \"King of Hanzhong\". The Battle of Jiameng Pass was not documented in the historical text \"Records of the Three Kingdoms\" by Chen Shou. There is no mention of a duel between Ma Chao and Zhang Fei. Ma Chao's defection from Zhang Lu to Liu Bei's side is described in Ma Chao's biography as follows: An annotation from the \"Dianlue\" in Ma Chao's biography stated: Nothing is mentioned about the roles Zhuge Liang, Yang Song and Li Hui played in Ma Chao's defection. In \"\", Ma Chao's legend, Battle of Jia Meng Gate (Jiameng Pass) is much different from the novelisation. The backstory of this battle is that Ma Chao has defected from Liu Zhang and joined Liu Bei.", "Elaine Chao Elaine Lan Chao (; born March 26, 1953) is the United States Secretary of Transportation who assumed her office on January 31, 2017. A member of the Republican Party, Chao was previously Secretary of Labor under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2009. Born in Taipei to Chinese parents who had left mainland China following the Chinese Civil War, Chao immigrated to the United States at age 8. Her father founded the Foremost Group, which eventually became a major shipping corporation. Chao was raised on Long Island, New York and subsequently attended Mount Holyoke College and Harvard Business School. She worked for a number of financial institutions before being appointed to several senior positions in the Department of Transportation under Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush, including Deputy Secretary. She next served as Director of the Peace Corps. Chao was president of the United Way of America from 1992 to 1996. While not in government, Chao has served on several boards of directors and worked for The Heritage Foundation and the Hudson Institute, two conservative think-tanks. Chao served as Secretary of Labor for the duration of George W. Bush's presidency and serves as Secretary of Transportation under President Donald Trump. Chao was the first Asian American woman and the first Chinese American in U.S. history to be appointed to a President's Cabinet. Chao married Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell in 1993. Elaine Chao immigrated to the United States when she was eight years old. The eldest of six daughters, Chao was born in Taipei, Taiwan, to Ruth Mulan Chu Chao, a historian, and James S.C. Chao, who began his career as a merchant mariner and in 1964 founded a shipping company in New York City. The company, Foremost Maritime Corporation, developed into the Foremost Group; as of 2013, James S.C. Chao continued to serve as its Chairman, later succeeded by Elaine's sister Angela.", "Chao can enter karate competitions in this game, as well as racing. The Game Boy Advance (GBA) games \"Sonic Advance\", \"Sonic Advance 2\", and \"Sonic Pinball Party\" feature a \"Tiny Chao Garden\", similar to the Chao Gardens of \"Sonic Adventure\" and \"Sonic Adventure 2\" but with minigames in place of racing and karate competitions. Chao can be transferred between \"Sonic Adventure 2 Battle\" and \"Sonic Adventure DX: Director's Cut\"\u2014Nintendo GameCube ports of \"Sonic Adventure 2\" and \"Sonic Adventure\"\u2014and the GBA games featuring a Tiny Chao Garden. Unusually, a generic Chao is an unlockable character in the party game \"Sonic Shuffle\". Chao have also appeared in the series as minor characters and gameplay elements. Two Chao\u2014one Normal and one Dark\u2014who drive Chao-styled mechas are playable characters in the two-player battle mode of \"Sonic Adventure 2: Battle\". On the \"Sonic the Hedgehog\"-styled pinball board in \"Sonic Pinball Party\", one of the player's objectives is to hatch several Chao eggs. Each world in the 2004 GBA game \"Sonic Advance 3\" features Chao-inspired minigames to earn extra lives for the player, and a sidequest that involves finding Chao to obtain Chaos Emeralds. 2007's PlayStation Portable installment \"Sonic Rivals 2\" hides Chao throughout levels to be found in a free play mode. In the 2008 Nintendo DS role-playing game \"\", Chao eggs are hidden throughout the in-game universe for the player to find and hatch. The resulting infant Chao can be equipped to characters. This affects the characters' performance in battle; for example, one kind will increase the character's hit points. The game features a multiplayer mode in which Chao can be traded between players who each have a copy of the game."], "answer": {"text": "\"Me llaman Calle", "answer_start": 123}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Chao doing in the 2000s?", "answer": {"text": "song \"Me llaman Calle\", written for the 2005 Spanish film Princesas, earned that film a Goya nomination for Best Original", "answer_start": 118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how successful was Radio Bemba?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bd8ce2e8a5e4480a9c2c4d6faecfb5a7_0_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "In addition to earning Princesas a Goya nomination are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Bel\u00e9n Rueda Mar\u00eda Bel\u00e9n Rueda Garc\u00eda-Porrero (born 16 March 1965) is a Spanish actress. She is best known for her roles as Luc\u00eda in the TV series \"Los Serrano\"; as Julia in \"The Sea Inside\", for which she won a Goya Award; and as Laura in \"The Orphanage\", for which she received another Goya Award nomination. Most recently she played the lead role in the movie \"Julia's Eyes\". Rueda was born in Madrid. Her father was a civil engineer and her mother was a ballet instructor. She is the second of three children; her siblings are named Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas (Chus) and Alfonso. She and her family moved to San Juan, Alicante when she was a child. When Rueda was 18 years old she moved to Madrid to study architecture, but she left the university when she met Massimo, an Italian man whom she married in 1985, divorcing in 1987. In 1990 she started a 15 year relationship with producer Daniel \u00c9cija. The couple had three children together in the 1990s, married in 2003, separated in 2004 and divorced in 2006. Rueda later had a five year relationship with Roger Vincent, ending in 2014. After her first marriage ended, Rueda returned to Madrid and worked as a salesperson and a model until she became a TV presenter. After that she worked as an actress on television, including the show \"Los Serrano\", and eventually acted in films. She won a Goya Award in 2004 for her role as Julia in \"The Sea Inside\". She received another Goya nomination for her role in the 2007 film, \"The Orphanage\". Rueda played the lead role of the Spanish thriller \"Julia's Eyes\", which was produced by Guillermo Del Toro. She also starred in Oriol Paulo's thriller \"The Body\".", "In 2006 she received her fourth nomination with \"Pan's Labyrinth\" by Guillermo del Toro, losing yet again to Pen\u00e9lope Cruz. Finally, on her fifth nomination, she won the Goya Award for \"Seven Billiard Tables\" by Gracia Querejeta. The sixth nomination came in 2008 for \"The Blind Sunflowers\" by Jos\u00e9 Luis Cuerda. The following year she would be nominated again for the film \"Tetro\" by Francis Ford Coppola. In 2011, she would be nominated as a supporting actress for \"De tu ventana a la m\u00eda\", by Paula Ortiz. In 2013 she was nominated and got her second Goya for Blancanieves from Pablo Berger. In 2014, she gets a new nomination, in this case as a supporting actress, for \"15 a\u00f1os y un d\u00eda\" from Gracia Querejeta losing to Terele Pavez for \"Las brujas de Zugarramurdi\". She received her eleventh Goya nomination for \"Abracadabra\", another film by Pablo Berger. Apart from her Goya Award, Verd\u00fa possesses two Ondas Awards and two Silver Frame awards (between 7 nominations) as Best Television Actress for the series \"Canguros\" and as Best Actress for 'Los Girasoles Ciegos' (The Blind Sunflowers). Maribel Verd\u00fa is also the only Spanish actress to win the Ariel Award in Mexico as Best Actress for \"Pan's Labyrinth\". Her film career has also been rewarded with the Gold Medal of the Spanish Film Academy and with the Spain National Cinematography Award, becoming the sixth actress to achieve it after Carmen Maura, Rafaela Aparicio, Maria Luisa Ponte, Marisa Paredes and Mercedes Sampietro.", "In 2003 he approached Amadou & Mariam and later produced their 2004 album Dimanche a Bamako (\"Sunday in Bamako\"). His song \"Me llaman Calle\", written for the 2005 Spanish film Princesas, earned that film a Goya nomination for Best Original Song. It has been released in 2007's La Radiolina. Vocals from the song are included in the Go Lem System song \"Calle Go Lem\". Time magazine named \"Me Llaman Calle\" one of The 10 Best Songs of 2007, ranking it at No. 8. Writer Josh Tyrangiel observed, Chao's warm singing over Jose Manuel Gamboa and Carlos Herrero's leaping Flamenco counter melody creates a direct emotional line to the core of this mid-tempo ballad. With its easy melody and universal rhythm Me Llaman Calle walks proudly in the shadow of Bob Marley, the last guy who made world music this disarmingly simple. Manu Chao was featured on the album True Love by Toots and the Maytals, which won the Grammy Award in 2004 for Best Reggae Album, and showcased many notable musicians including Willie Nelson, Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, Trey Anastasio, Gwen Stefani / No Doubt, Ben Harper, Bonnie Raitt, The Roots, Ryan Adams, Keith Richards, Toots Hibbert, Paul Douglas, Jackie Jackson, Ken Boothe, and The Skatalites. His song \"La Vida Tombola\" was featured in the documentary film Maradona by Serbian filmmaker Emir Kusturica. The song \"La Trampa\", recorded with Tonino Carotone for the compilation album Fuerza! was used as the theme song for the short-lived improvisational comedy Drew Carey's Green Screen Show.", "Though the group never gained much fame in the English-speaking market, popularity throughout the rest of the world soon followed, reaching the Top 5 in the Netherlands, Italy and Germany. The band achieved some fame in South America with 1992's Cargo Tour, where it played a series of shows in port cities, performing from a stage built into their tour ship's hold. Mano Negra also performed a tour through much of Colombia in a retired train, the \"Ice Express\". Still, rifts began to grow among band members during the port tour and the following year's train tour; many band members, including Manu's brother Antoine, had left the group by the end of 1994. Following that year's release of their final album, Casa Babylon, Manu Chao moved the band to Madrid, but legal problems with former band mates led Chao to disband the group in 1995. Mano Negra's sound is mostly characterized by energetic, lively rhythms, symbolized by the title of their first album, Patchanka, derived from the word pachanga (which is a colloquial term for \"party\"), and a distinct informality which allows the audience to get involved and feel close to their sound. Mixed music genres are present throughout their albums. Manu Chao is friends with Gogol Bordello and that group has covered Mano Negra's song \"Mala Vida\" on their own and with Chao beginning in 2006. In 2003 he approached Amadou & Mariam and later produced their 2004 album Dimanche a Bamako (\"Sunday in Bamako\"). His song \"Me llaman Calle\", written for the 2005 Spanish film Princesas, earned that film a Goya nomination for Best Original Song. It has been released in 2007's La Radiolina.", "Ver\u00f3nica S\u00e1nchez Ver\u00f3nica S\u00e1nchez Calder\u00f3n (born 1 July 1977) is a Spanish actress. She made her debut in theatre in 1996, and came to media attention as Eva Capdevila in the Telecinco series \"Los Serrano\" in 2003. S\u00e1nchez has since developed a successful film career. So far, she has earned three Goya Award nominations, for \"Al sur de Granada\", \"Camar\u00f3n\" and \"Gordos\", and an ACE Award nomination for \"Al sur de Granada\". S\u00e1nchez left her studies of Science in order to study Dramatic Art. From 1996 to 2002, she acted in theater. One of her most successful theater shows was \"Blood Wedding\" in 2002. She became famous as Eva Capdevilla in television series \"Los Serrano\" in 2003. At \"Los Serrano\" filming set, she met Fran Perea, and they dated for three years. In 2003, she also acted in film \"Al sur de Granada\". For this role, she received ACE, Spanish Actors Union and Goya nominations. In 2005, Sanchez left \"Los Serrano\". She acted in the film \"Camar\u00f3n\" and received Goya nomination. She also acted in 2005 films \"El Calentito\" and \"Los 2 lados de la cama\". In 2006, she was nominated by Cinema Writers Circle Awards for her role in smash film hit \"Mia Sarah\". She also made the appearance in the 1st episode of television series \"\". 2007 was very successful for her. She portrayed one of the lead roles in Goya nominated film \"13 Roses\" and \"Zenitram\". S\u00e1nchez was born Ver\u00f3nica S\u00e1nchez Calder\u00f3n on July 1, 1977 in Seville, Spain."], "answer": {"text": "melody and universal rhythm Me Llaman Calle walks proudly in the shadow", "answer_start": 673}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Chao doing in the 2000s?", "answer": {"text": "song \"Me llaman Calle\", written for the 2005 Spanish film Princesas, earned that film a Goya nomination for Best Original", "answer_start": 118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how successful was Radio Bemba?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he release first in his solo years?", "answer": {"text": "\"Me llaman Calle", "answer_start": 123, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bd8ce2e8a5e4480a9c2c4d6faecfb5a7_0_q#4", "question": "did he earn any other awards or nominations?", "rewrite": "Besides Goya did Chao earn any other awards or nominations?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The awards are currently delivered in 28 categories, excluding the Honorary Goya Award, with a maximum of four candidates for each from the XIII Edition (having been three candidates in the first edition, five in the II and III edition and three from the fourth to the twelfth edition). The following is a listing of all Goya Awards ceremonies since 1986. List of films that won the awards for Best Film, Director, Actor, Actress and Screenplay. Four awards won Three awards won Two awards won One award won No award won Films with six or more awards. 14 wins 13 wins 10 wins 9 wins 8 wins 7 wins 6 wins Films with ten or more nominations. 19 nominations 18 nominations 17 nominations 16 nominations 15 nominations 14 nominations 13 nominations 12 nominations 11 nominations 10 nominations", "Premios Feroz Premios Feroz (\"Feroz Awards\") are Spain-based film awards created in November 2013 by Asociaci\u00f3n de Informadores Cinematogr\u00e1ficos de Espa\u00f1a (\"Spanish Cinematographic Informers Association\"). They are considered the Spanish equivalent to the Golden Globe Awards, since they are part of the build-up to the Goya Awards, presented by the Spanish Film Academy. The first edition took place in January 2014. Categories recognizing excellence in television were added for the 4th edition that took place in 2017. To be eligible for Premios Feroz, a film needs to have been premiered within the year prior to the award ceremony and, before the premiere, have been featured in a special projection for the press in Madrid, Barcelona or both. If this last condition did not happen, the film should have been made available (also before the official premiere) for online viewing to the members of Asociaci\u00f3n de Informadores. \u2021 Winner Goya Award for Best Film \u2020 Nominated Goya Award for Best Film \u2021 Winner Goya Award for Best Film \u2020 Nominated Goya Award for Best Film \u2021 Winner Goya Award for Best Director \u2020 Nominated Goya Award for Best Director \u2260 Winner Goya Award for Best New Director \u2021 Winner Goya Award for Best Actor \u2020 Nominated Goya Award for Best Actor \u00b1 Winner Goya Award for Best Supporting Actor \u2260 Winner Goya Award for Best New Actor \u2021 Winner Goya Award for Best Actress \u2020 Nominated Goya Award for Best Actress \u2260 Winner Goya Award for Best New Actress \u2021 Winner Goya Award for Best Supporting Actor \u2020 Nominated Goya Award for Best Supporting Actor \u2260 Winner Goya Award for Best New Actor \u2021 Winner Goya Award for Best Supporting Actress \u2020 Nominated Goya Award for Best Supporting Actress \u2260 Winner Goya Award for Best New Actress", "A Borrowed Identity A Borrowed Identity (; ;) is a 2014 Israeli drama film directed by Eran Riklis. It is based on Sayed Kashua's book \"Dancing Arabs\" (2002). In Canada the film was released under the title Dancing Arabs, which was the film's English-language title at its world premiere (one reviewer noted that the title \"will prove tricky in marketing campaigns\"). The film was considered a flop in Israel, with only 48,000 views, despite an $11 million budget. It tells the story of Eyad, an Israeli-Palestinian teenager from Tira who moves to Jerusalem to study at an elite Jewish high school, where he meets Naomi, a Jewish student, and falls in love with her. As part of his school-mandated community service, he meets Yonatan, who suffers from muscular dystrophy, and his mother Edna. Eyad (Tawfeek Barhom) is a gifted Palestinian teenager who is accepted into an elite Israeli school. His father (Ali Suliman) drives to Jerusalem and drops the 16 year old Eyad at the new school. Before entering the school, Eyads Father tells him that the Palestinian people once longed to defeat their Jewish enemies, but will now settle for being able to live side by side with dignity. In school, he struggles to adapt, his Israeli peers refer to him as \"Iyad\" and is looked down upon by the others. Things change once he meets Naomi (Danielle Kitsis), he helps her with her chemistry schoolwork and the two start to meet at a cafe. Yonatan (Michael Moshonov) is a disabled Israeli teen whom Eyad is assigned by the school to visit. Eyad and Yonatan get close and the two develop a strong bond since they are both considered outsiders.", "When the match was finally announced it did not just include the two women risking their masks, but an additional eight women who would all risk their hair on the outcome of the annual \"Infierno en el Ring\" steel cage match. Besides Goya Kong and La Seductora the match included La Amapola, Dalys la Caribe\u00f1a, Dark Angel, Estrellita, Lady Apache, Marcela, Princesa Blanca and Tiffany. The match came down to Goya Kong and Princesa Blanca as everyone else, including La Seductora, escaped the ring to keep their hair or mask safe. On August 1, 2014, at \"El Juicio Final\", La Seductora and Princesa Blanca were defeated by Marcela and Princesa Sugehit in a double \"Lucha de Apuestas\"; as a result La Seductora was forced to unmask and reveal her true identity.", "In the summer of 2012 Goya Kong began to develop a rivalry with the masked \"Ruda\" La Seductora, a storyline many speculated may lead to a \"Luchas de Apuestas\" (\"Bet Match\") between the two where both would risk their masks on the outcome of the match. When the match was finally announced it did not just include the two women risking their masks, but an additional eight women who would all risk their hair on the outcome of the annual \"Infierno en el Ring\" steel cage match. Besides Goya Kong and La Seductora the match included La Amapola, Dalys la Caribe\u00f1a, Dark Angel, Estrellita, Lady Apache, Marcela, Princesa Blanca and Tiffany. The match came down to Goya Kong and Princesa Blanca as everyone else had escaped the cage. In the end Princesa Blanca pinned Goya Kong, forcing her to unmask in the middle of the ring. Following the loss Goya Kong stated that while it was a set-back to her young career the mask loss would not stop her. On April 7, 2013, Goya Kong outlasted Marcela, Estrellita, Dalys La Caribe\u00f1a, Silueta, La Amapola, Princesa Sugey, Princesa Blanca, Zeuxis, Tiffany to win the \"Trofeo Arena Coliseo 70 Aniversario\", commemorating the 70th anniversary of Arena Coliseo. On June 28, 2015, Kong made a surprise jump to AAA, being introduced by her brother Psycho Clown."], "answer": {"text": "Time magazine named \"Me Llaman Calle\" one of The 10 Best Songs of 2007,", "answer_start": 367}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Chao doing in the 2000s?", "answer": {"text": "song \"Me llaman Calle\", written for the 2005 Spanish film Princesas, earned that film a Goya nomination for Best Original", "answer_start": 118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how successful was Radio Bemba?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he release first in his solo years?", "answer": {"text": "\"Me llaman Calle", "answer_start": 123, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "melody and universal rhythm Me Llaman Calle walks proudly in the shadow", "answer_start": 673, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_539701cedf124a72b873356e095ac1cf_1_q#2", "question": "where did he grow up", "rewrite": "where did John Zorn grow up?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Xu Feng (album) Xu Feng: John Zorn's Game Pieces Volume 1 is a studio album by American composer John Zorn consisting of game pieces. It features improvisations performed by an ensemble of pairs of musicians using the same instruments: Chris Brown and David Slusser on electronics; Fred Frith and John Schott on guitars; and Dave Lombardo and William Winant on drums and percussion. The album is titled after Xu Feng, a Taiwanese actress featured in many martial arts films who appears on the cover art, a still of \"Raining in the Mountain\" (1979). The Allmusic review by Dean McFarlane awarded the album 4 stars calling it \"One of John Zorn's many outstanding works, the composer once again goes above and beyond listeners' expectations. Hearing this astonishing work, it is little wonder that John Zorn is often considered one of the more vital and influential figures in 20th century music\". All compositions by John Zorn.", "Pool (John Zorn album) Pool is an album by John Zorn featuring his early \"game piece\" composition of the same name which was first released on vinyl on Parachute Records in 1980 as a double album including the composition \"Hockey\". The album was released on CD on Tzadik Records with an additional bonus track featuring a test recording of \"Archery\" as part of \"The Parachute Years\" Box Set in 1997 and as a single CD in 2000. The album was the first released solely under Zorn's name following his collaboration with Eugene Chadbourne, \"School\" (1978). The Allmusic review by Joclyn Layne awarded the album 3 stars stating \"Dedicated fans should check this out, as it is part of the early annals of Zorn. Listeners with less patience for music theory -- and Zorn skeptics -- should save \"Pool\" for later, because it will not win anyone over; nor will the compositional theories become more clear upon listening. Essentially, \"Pool\" has more historical value than listening interest.\" \"All compositions by John Zorn\" Original Vinyl Release CD Release", "John Zorn's Cobra: Live at the Knitting Factory John Zorn's Cobra: Live at the Knitting Factory is a performance of John Zorn's improvisational game piece, Cobra, performed at the Knitting Factory in 1992. The album resembles the missing link between John Zorn's work with Masada and Naked City. It also had a major impact on the electronic scene of New York. The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 1\u00bd stars stating \"There are some colorful segments, but in general, these self-indulgent performances would be much more interesting to see in person than to hear on record. Taken purely as a listening experience, one is surprised that this material has even been released.\" Guy Peters stated \"If this is your first acquaintance with Zorn\u2019s multifaceted universe, chances are you\u2019ll never visit it again and therefore it only can serve as a treat for those who were there, seriously dedicated fans.\" \"All compositions by John Zorn\"", "Kristallnacht (album) Kristallnacht is an album by John Zorn first released in 1993 on the Japanese Eva label and subsequently in 1995 on Zorn's own Tzadik Records label. Zorn's compositions for the album were based around the events before, during, and following the infamous Night of Broken Glass and represented his first musical exploration of his Jewish cultural heritage. Zorn has stated: It\u2019s tied together with passion and research. Every Jew has to come to grips with the holocaust in some kind of way and that was my statement, that\u2019s how I did it. I do not need to do it again (\u2026) it meant a lot to me. It was like a whole lifetime of denying my Jewish heritage coming out in one piece -- \"John Zorn on BBC Jazz File,\" July 2000. The Allmusic review by Joslyn Layne awarded the album 4\u00bd stars stating \"John Zorn has created a musical work that powerfully represents the different stages of this historical event... Zorn's forceful undertaking is realized through the expert and passionate musicianship\". Guy Peters stated \"\"Kristallnacht\" is an attempt at a musical recreation of one of the darkest chapters of the Nazi reign, with music ranging from fairly conventional roots music to extreme near-industrial chaos... Zorn has never aimed at major popularity, preferring total independence above all, and this is what makes an album like \"Kristallnacht\" possible... Luckily there are several tracks in which he finds a much more impressive and bearable balance between disturbing noise and affecting beauty, a combination that\u2019s characteristic of several of his releases. Or maybe it\u2019s about disturbing beauty and affecting noise, I\u2019m not entirely sure\".", "Filmworks XVIII: The Treatment Filmworks XVIII: The Treatment features a score for film by John Zorn. The album was released on Zorn's own label, Tzadik Records, in 2006 and contains music that Zorn wrote and recorded for the romantic comedy, The Treatment (2006), directed by Oren Rudavsky. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 4 stars stating \"This plays, as have all of Zorn's scores of late, like a piece, a gorgeous piece of divinely inspired tight writing that brings not only the Argentinean tango to mind, but also klezmer, Yiddish folk music, and even cantorial music. There is a bit of Radical Jewish Culture in everything Zorn writes, and this set is a furthering of his own vision. Suffice it to say, and even though he doesn't let on in the liner notes, his scoring of The Treatment may have even surprised the composer himself\". John Zorn who composed the score for the film won a MacArthur Foundation, the \"Genius\" award for his music in 2006. All compositions by John Zorn"], "answer": {"text": "in New York City", "answer_start": 19}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Zorn born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was he born", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_539701cedf124a72b873356e095ac1cf_1_q#3", "question": "where did he go to school", "rewrite": "where did John Zorn go to school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Xu Feng (album) Xu Feng: John Zorn's Game Pieces Volume 1 is a studio album by American composer John Zorn consisting of game pieces. It features improvisations performed by an ensemble of pairs of musicians using the same instruments: Chris Brown and David Slusser on electronics; Fred Frith and John Schott on guitars; and Dave Lombardo and William Winant on drums and percussion. The album is titled after Xu Feng, a Taiwanese actress featured in many martial arts films who appears on the cover art, a still of \"Raining in the Mountain\" (1979). The Allmusic review by Dean McFarlane awarded the album 4 stars calling it \"One of John Zorn's many outstanding works, the composer once again goes above and beyond listeners' expectations. Hearing this astonishing work, it is little wonder that John Zorn is often considered one of the more vital and influential figures in 20th century music\". All compositions by John Zorn.", "John Zorn's Cobra: Live at the Knitting Factory John Zorn's Cobra: Live at the Knitting Factory is a performance of John Zorn's improvisational game piece, Cobra, performed at the Knitting Factory in 1992. The album resembles the missing link between John Zorn's work with Masada and Naked City. It also had a major impact on the electronic scene of New York. The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 1\u00bd stars stating \"There are some colorful segments, but in general, these self-indulgent performances would be much more interesting to see in person than to hear on record. Taken purely as a listening experience, one is surprised that this material has even been released.\" Guy Peters stated \"If this is your first acquaintance with Zorn\u2019s multifaceted universe, chances are you\u2019ll never visit it again and therefore it only can serve as a treat for those who were there, seriously dedicated fans.\" \"All compositions by John Zorn\"", "Kristallnacht (album) Kristallnacht is an album by John Zorn first released in 1993 on the Japanese Eva label and subsequently in 1995 on Zorn's own Tzadik Records label. Zorn's compositions for the album were based around the events before, during, and following the infamous Night of Broken Glass and represented his first musical exploration of his Jewish cultural heritage. Zorn has stated: It\u2019s tied together with passion and research. Every Jew has to come to grips with the holocaust in some kind of way and that was my statement, that\u2019s how I did it. I do not need to do it again (\u2026) it meant a lot to me. It was like a whole lifetime of denying my Jewish heritage coming out in one piece -- \"John Zorn on BBC Jazz File,\" July 2000. The Allmusic review by Joslyn Layne awarded the album 4\u00bd stars stating \"John Zorn has created a musical work that powerfully represents the different stages of this historical event... Zorn's forceful undertaking is realized through the expert and passionate musicianship\". Guy Peters stated \"\"Kristallnacht\" is an attempt at a musical recreation of one of the darkest chapters of the Nazi reign, with music ranging from fairly conventional roots music to extreme near-industrial chaos... Zorn has never aimed at major popularity, preferring total independence above all, and this is what makes an album like \"Kristallnacht\" possible... Luckily there are several tracks in which he finds a much more impressive and bearable balance between disturbing noise and affecting beauty, a combination that\u2019s characteristic of several of his releases. Or maybe it\u2019s about disturbing beauty and affecting noise, I\u2019m not entirely sure\".", "Pool (John Zorn album) Pool is an album by John Zorn featuring his early \"game piece\" composition of the same name which was first released on vinyl on Parachute Records in 1980 as a double album including the composition \"Hockey\". The album was released on CD on Tzadik Records with an additional bonus track featuring a test recording of \"Archery\" as part of \"The Parachute Years\" Box Set in 1997 and as a single CD in 2000. The album was the first released solely under Zorn's name following his collaboration with Eugene Chadbourne, \"School\" (1978). The Allmusic review by Joclyn Layne awarded the album 3 stars stating \"Dedicated fans should check this out, as it is part of the early annals of Zorn. Listeners with less patience for music theory -- and Zorn skeptics -- should save \"Pool\" for later, because it will not win anyone over; nor will the compositional theories become more clear upon listening. Essentially, \"Pool\" has more historical value than listening interest.\" \"All compositions by John Zorn\" Original Vinyl Release CD Release", "Filmworks XVIII: The Treatment Filmworks XVIII: The Treatment features a score for film by John Zorn. The album was released on Zorn's own label, Tzadik Records, in 2006 and contains music that Zorn wrote and recorded for the romantic comedy, The Treatment (2006), directed by Oren Rudavsky. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 4 stars stating \"This plays, as have all of Zorn's scores of late, like a piece, a gorgeous piece of divinely inspired tight writing that brings not only the Argentinean tango to mind, but also klezmer, Yiddish folk music, and even cantorial music. There is a bit of Radical Jewish Culture in everything Zorn writes, and this set is a furthering of his own vision. Suffice it to say, and even though he doesn't let on in the liner notes, his scoring of The Treatment may have even surprised the composer himself\". John Zorn who composed the score for the film won a MacArthur Foundation, the \"Genius\" award for his music in 2006. All compositions by John Zorn"], "answer": {"text": "Zorn attended the United Nations International School", "answer_start": 377}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Zorn born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was he born", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he grow up", "answer": {"text": "in New York City", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_539701cedf124a72b873356e095ac1cf_1_q#4", "question": "What did he spent his days doing doing his childhood", "rewrite": "What did John Zorn spent his days doing during his childhood?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Filmworks XVIII: The Treatment Filmworks XVIII: The Treatment features a score for film by John Zorn. The album was released on Zorn's own label, Tzadik Records, in 2006 and contains music that Zorn wrote and recorded for the romantic comedy, The Treatment (2006), directed by Oren Rudavsky. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 4 stars stating \"This plays, as have all of Zorn's scores of late, like a piece, a gorgeous piece of divinely inspired tight writing that brings not only the Argentinean tango to mind, but also klezmer, Yiddish folk music, and even cantorial music. There is a bit of Radical Jewish Culture in everything Zorn writes, and this set is a furthering of his own vision. Suffice it to say, and even though he doesn't let on in the liner notes, his scoring of The Treatment may have even surprised the composer himself\". John Zorn who composed the score for the film won a MacArthur Foundation, the \"Genius\" award for his music in 2006. All compositions by John Zorn", "Kristallnacht (album) Kristallnacht is an album by John Zorn first released in 1993 on the Japanese Eva label and subsequently in 1995 on Zorn's own Tzadik Records label. Zorn's compositions for the album were based around the events before, during, and following the infamous Night of Broken Glass and represented his first musical exploration of his Jewish cultural heritage. Zorn has stated: It\u2019s tied together with passion and research. Every Jew has to come to grips with the holocaust in some kind of way and that was my statement, that\u2019s how I did it. I do not need to do it again (\u2026) it meant a lot to me. It was like a whole lifetime of denying my Jewish heritage coming out in one piece -- \"John Zorn on BBC Jazz File,\" July 2000. The Allmusic review by Joslyn Layne awarded the album 4\u00bd stars stating \"John Zorn has created a musical work that powerfully represents the different stages of this historical event... Zorn's forceful undertaking is realized through the expert and passionate musicianship\". Guy Peters stated \"\"Kristallnacht\" is an attempt at a musical recreation of one of the darkest chapters of the Nazi reign, with music ranging from fairly conventional roots music to extreme near-industrial chaos... Zorn has never aimed at major popularity, preferring total independence above all, and this is what makes an album like \"Kristallnacht\" possible... Luckily there are several tracks in which he finds a much more impressive and bearable balance between disturbing noise and affecting beauty, a combination that\u2019s characteristic of several of his releases. Or maybe it\u2019s about disturbing beauty and affecting noise, I\u2019m not entirely sure\".", "John Zorn's Cobra: Live at the Knitting Factory John Zorn's Cobra: Live at the Knitting Factory is a performance of John Zorn's improvisational game piece, Cobra, performed at the Knitting Factory in 1992. The album resembles the missing link between John Zorn's work with Masada and Naked City. It also had a major impact on the electronic scene of New York. The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 1\u00bd stars stating \"There are some colorful segments, but in general, these self-indulgent performances would be much more interesting to see in person than to hear on record. Taken purely as a listening experience, one is surprised that this material has even been released.\" Guy Peters stated \"If this is your first acquaintance with Zorn\u2019s multifaceted universe, chances are you\u2019ll never visit it again and therefore it only can serve as a treat for those who were there, seriously dedicated fans.\" \"All compositions by John Zorn\"", "Xu Feng (album) Xu Feng: John Zorn's Game Pieces Volume 1 is a studio album by American composer John Zorn consisting of game pieces. It features improvisations performed by an ensemble of pairs of musicians using the same instruments: Chris Brown and David Slusser on electronics; Fred Frith and John Schott on guitars; and Dave Lombardo and William Winant on drums and percussion. The album is titled after Xu Feng, a Taiwanese actress featured in many martial arts films who appears on the cover art, a still of \"Raining in the Mountain\" (1979). The Allmusic review by Dean McFarlane awarded the album 4 stars calling it \"One of John Zorn's many outstanding works, the composer once again goes above and beyond listeners' expectations. Hearing this astonishing work, it is little wonder that John Zorn is often considered one of the more vital and influential figures in 20th century music\". All compositions by John Zorn.", "Pool (John Zorn album) Pool is an album by John Zorn featuring his early \"game piece\" composition of the same name which was first released on vinyl on Parachute Records in 1980 as a double album including the composition \"Hockey\". The album was released on CD on Tzadik Records with an additional bonus track featuring a test recording of \"Archery\" as part of \"The Parachute Years\" Box Set in 1997 and as a single CD in 2000. The album was the first released solely under Zorn's name following his collaboration with Eugene Chadbourne, \"School\" (1978). The Allmusic review by Joclyn Layne awarded the album 3 stars stating \"Dedicated fans should check this out, as it is part of the early annals of Zorn. Listeners with less patience for music theory -- and Zorn skeptics -- should save \"Pool\" for later, because it will not win anyone over; nor will the compositional theories become more clear upon listening. Essentially, \"Pool\" has more historical value than listening interest.\" \"All compositions by John Zorn\" Original Vinyl Release CD Release"], "answer": {"text": "learned piano, guitar and flute", "answer_start": 40}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Zorn born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was he born", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he grow up", "answer": {"text": "in New York City", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he go to school", "answer": {"text": "Zorn attended the United Nations International School", "answer_start": 377, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_539701cedf124a72b873356e095ac1cf_1_q#5", "question": "did he go to college", "rewrite": "did John Zorn go to college?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Pool (John Zorn album) Pool is an album by John Zorn featuring his early \"game piece\" composition of the same name which was first released on vinyl on Parachute Records in 1980 as a double album including the composition \"Hockey\". The album was released on CD on Tzadik Records with an additional bonus track featuring a test recording of \"Archery\" as part of \"The Parachute Years\" Box Set in 1997 and as a single CD in 2000. The album was the first released solely under Zorn's name following his collaboration with Eugene Chadbourne, \"School\" (1978). The Allmusic review by Joclyn Layne awarded the album 3 stars stating \"Dedicated fans should check this out, as it is part of the early annals of Zorn. Listeners with less patience for music theory -- and Zorn skeptics -- should save \"Pool\" for later, because it will not win anyone over; nor will the compositional theories become more clear upon listening. Essentially, \"Pool\" has more historical value than listening interest.\" \"All compositions by John Zorn\" Original Vinyl Release CD Release", "Xu Feng (album) Xu Feng: John Zorn's Game Pieces Volume 1 is a studio album by American composer John Zorn consisting of game pieces. It features improvisations performed by an ensemble of pairs of musicians using the same instruments: Chris Brown and David Slusser on electronics; Fred Frith and John Schott on guitars; and Dave Lombardo and William Winant on drums and percussion. The album is titled after Xu Feng, a Taiwanese actress featured in many martial arts films who appears on the cover art, a still of \"Raining in the Mountain\" (1979). The Allmusic review by Dean McFarlane awarded the album 4 stars calling it \"One of John Zorn's many outstanding works, the composer once again goes above and beyond listeners' expectations. Hearing this astonishing work, it is little wonder that John Zorn is often considered one of the more vital and influential figures in 20th century music\". All compositions by John Zorn.", "Filmworks XVIII: The Treatment Filmworks XVIII: The Treatment features a score for film by John Zorn. The album was released on Zorn's own label, Tzadik Records, in 2006 and contains music that Zorn wrote and recorded for the romantic comedy, The Treatment (2006), directed by Oren Rudavsky. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 4 stars stating \"This plays, as have all of Zorn's scores of late, like a piece, a gorgeous piece of divinely inspired tight writing that brings not only the Argentinean tango to mind, but also klezmer, Yiddish folk music, and even cantorial music. There is a bit of Radical Jewish Culture in everything Zorn writes, and this set is a furthering of his own vision. Suffice it to say, and even though he doesn't let on in the liner notes, his scoring of The Treatment may have even surprised the composer himself\". John Zorn who composed the score for the film won a MacArthur Foundation, the \"Genius\" award for his music in 2006. All compositions by John Zorn", "John Zorn's Cobra: Live at the Knitting Factory John Zorn's Cobra: Live at the Knitting Factory is a performance of John Zorn's improvisational game piece, Cobra, performed at the Knitting Factory in 1992. The album resembles the missing link between John Zorn's work with Masada and Naked City. It also had a major impact on the electronic scene of New York. The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 1\u00bd stars stating \"There are some colorful segments, but in general, these self-indulgent performances would be much more interesting to see in person than to hear on record. Taken purely as a listening experience, one is surprised that this material has even been released.\" Guy Peters stated \"If this is your first acquaintance with Zorn\u2019s multifaceted universe, chances are you\u2019ll never visit it again and therefore it only can serve as a treat for those who were there, seriously dedicated fans.\" \"All compositions by John Zorn\"", "Kristallnacht (album) Kristallnacht is an album by John Zorn first released in 1993 on the Japanese Eva label and subsequently in 1995 on Zorn's own Tzadik Records label. Zorn's compositions for the album were based around the events before, during, and following the infamous Night of Broken Glass and represented his first musical exploration of his Jewish cultural heritage. Zorn has stated: It\u2019s tied together with passion and research. Every Jew has to come to grips with the holocaust in some kind of way and that was my statement, that\u2019s how I did it. I do not need to do it again (\u2026) it meant a lot to me. It was like a whole lifetime of denying my Jewish heritage coming out in one piece -- \"John Zorn on BBC Jazz File,\" July 2000. The Allmusic review by Joslyn Layne awarded the album 4\u00bd stars stating \"John Zorn has created a musical work that powerfully represents the different stages of this historical event... Zorn's forceful undertaking is realized through the expert and passionate musicianship\". Guy Peters stated \"\"Kristallnacht\" is an attempt at a musical recreation of one of the darkest chapters of the Nazi reign, with music ranging from fairly conventional roots music to extreme near-industrial chaos... Zorn has never aimed at major popularity, preferring total independence above all, and this is what makes an album like \"Kristallnacht\" possible... Luckily there are several tracks in which he finds a much more impressive and bearable balance between disturbing noise and affecting beauty, a combination that\u2019s characteristic of several of his releases. Or maybe it\u2019s about disturbing beauty and affecting noise, I\u2019m not entirely sure\"."], "answer": {"text": "Webster College (now Webster University)", "answer_start": 1041}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Zorn born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was he born", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he grow up", "answer": {"text": "in New York City", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he go to school", "answer": {"text": "Zorn attended the United Nations International School", "answer_start": 377, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he spent his days doing doing his childhood", "answer": {"text": "learned piano, guitar and flute", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_539701cedf124a72b873356e095ac1cf_1_q#6", "question": "what was his degree", "rewrite": "what was John Zorn's degree?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kristallnacht (album) Kristallnacht is an album by John Zorn first released in 1993 on the Japanese Eva label and subsequently in 1995 on Zorn's own Tzadik Records label. Zorn's compositions for the album were based around the events before, during, and following the infamous Night of Broken Glass and represented his first musical exploration of his Jewish cultural heritage. Zorn has stated: It\u2019s tied together with passion and research. Every Jew has to come to grips with the holocaust in some kind of way and that was my statement, that\u2019s how I did it. I do not need to do it again (\u2026) it meant a lot to me. It was like a whole lifetime of denying my Jewish heritage coming out in one piece -- \"John Zorn on BBC Jazz File,\" July 2000. The Allmusic review by Joslyn Layne awarded the album 4\u00bd stars stating \"John Zorn has created a musical work that powerfully represents the different stages of this historical event... Zorn's forceful undertaking is realized through the expert and passionate musicianship\". Guy Peters stated \"\"Kristallnacht\" is an attempt at a musical recreation of one of the darkest chapters of the Nazi reign, with music ranging from fairly conventional roots music to extreme near-industrial chaos... Zorn has never aimed at major popularity, preferring total independence above all, and this is what makes an album like \"Kristallnacht\" possible... Luckily there are several tracks in which he finds a much more impressive and bearable balance between disturbing noise and affecting beauty, a combination that\u2019s characteristic of several of his releases. Or maybe it\u2019s about disturbing beauty and affecting noise, I\u2019m not entirely sure\".", "Pool (John Zorn album) Pool is an album by John Zorn featuring his early \"game piece\" composition of the same name which was first released on vinyl on Parachute Records in 1980 as a double album including the composition \"Hockey\". The album was released on CD on Tzadik Records with an additional bonus track featuring a test recording of \"Archery\" as part of \"The Parachute Years\" Box Set in 1997 and as a single CD in 2000. The album was the first released solely under Zorn's name following his collaboration with Eugene Chadbourne, \"School\" (1978). The Allmusic review by Joclyn Layne awarded the album 3 stars stating \"Dedicated fans should check this out, as it is part of the early annals of Zorn. Listeners with less patience for music theory -- and Zorn skeptics -- should save \"Pool\" for later, because it will not win anyone over; nor will the compositional theories become more clear upon listening. Essentially, \"Pool\" has more historical value than listening interest.\" \"All compositions by John Zorn\" Original Vinyl Release CD Release", "John Zorn's Cobra: Live at the Knitting Factory John Zorn's Cobra: Live at the Knitting Factory is a performance of John Zorn's improvisational game piece, Cobra, performed at the Knitting Factory in 1992. The album resembles the missing link between John Zorn's work with Masada and Naked City. It also had a major impact on the electronic scene of New York. The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 1\u00bd stars stating \"There are some colorful segments, but in general, these self-indulgent performances would be much more interesting to see in person than to hear on record. Taken purely as a listening experience, one is surprised that this material has even been released.\" Guy Peters stated \"If this is your first acquaintance with Zorn\u2019s multifaceted universe, chances are you\u2019ll never visit it again and therefore it only can serve as a treat for those who were there, seriously dedicated fans.\" \"All compositions by John Zorn\"", "Xu Feng (album) Xu Feng: John Zorn's Game Pieces Volume 1 is a studio album by American composer John Zorn consisting of game pieces. It features improvisations performed by an ensemble of pairs of musicians using the same instruments: Chris Brown and David Slusser on electronics; Fred Frith and John Schott on guitars; and Dave Lombardo and William Winant on drums and percussion. The album is titled after Xu Feng, a Taiwanese actress featured in many martial arts films who appears on the cover art, a still of \"Raining in the Mountain\" (1979). The Allmusic review by Dean McFarlane awarded the album 4 stars calling it \"One of John Zorn's many outstanding works, the composer once again goes above and beyond listeners' expectations. Hearing this astonishing work, it is little wonder that John Zorn is often considered one of the more vital and influential figures in 20th century music\". All compositions by John Zorn.", "Filmworks XVIII: The Treatment Filmworks XVIII: The Treatment features a score for film by John Zorn. The album was released on Zorn's own label, Tzadik Records, in 2006 and contains music that Zorn wrote and recorded for the romantic comedy, The Treatment (2006), directed by Oren Rudavsky. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 4 stars stating \"This plays, as have all of Zorn's scores of late, like a piece, a gorgeous piece of divinely inspired tight writing that brings not only the Argentinean tango to mind, but also klezmer, Yiddish folk music, and even cantorial music. There is a bit of Radical Jewish Culture in everything Zorn writes, and this set is a furthering of his own vision. Suffice it to say, and even though he doesn't let on in the liner notes, his scoring of The Treatment may have even surprised the composer himself\". John Zorn who composed the score for the film won a MacArthur Foundation, the \"Genius\" award for his music in 2006. All compositions by John Zorn"], "answer": {"text": "he was studying composition", "answer_start": 1010}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Zorn born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was he born", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he grow up", "answer": {"text": "in New York City", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he go to school", "answer": {"text": "Zorn attended the United Nations International School", "answer_start": 377, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he spent his days doing doing his childhood", "answer": {"text": "learned piano, guitar and flute", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he go to college", "answer": {"text": "Webster College (now Webster University)", "answer_start": 1041, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_539701cedf124a72b873356e095ac1cf_1_q#7", "question": "What was his first job", "rewrite": "What was John Zorn's first job?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Xu Feng (album) Xu Feng: John Zorn's Game Pieces Volume 1 is a studio album by American composer John Zorn consisting of game pieces. It features improvisations performed by an ensemble of pairs of musicians using the same instruments: Chris Brown and David Slusser on electronics; Fred Frith and John Schott on guitars; and Dave Lombardo and William Winant on drums and percussion. The album is titled after Xu Feng, a Taiwanese actress featured in many martial arts films who appears on the cover art, a still of \"Raining in the Mountain\" (1979). The Allmusic review by Dean McFarlane awarded the album 4 stars calling it \"One of John Zorn's many outstanding works, the composer once again goes above and beyond listeners' expectations. Hearing this astonishing work, it is little wonder that John Zorn is often considered one of the more vital and influential figures in 20th century music\". All compositions by John Zorn.", "Pool (John Zorn album) Pool is an album by John Zorn featuring his early \"game piece\" composition of the same name which was first released on vinyl on Parachute Records in 1980 as a double album including the composition \"Hockey\". The album was released on CD on Tzadik Records with an additional bonus track featuring a test recording of \"Archery\" as part of \"The Parachute Years\" Box Set in 1997 and as a single CD in 2000. The album was the first released solely under Zorn's name following his collaboration with Eugene Chadbourne, \"School\" (1978). The Allmusic review by Joclyn Layne awarded the album 3 stars stating \"Dedicated fans should check this out, as it is part of the early annals of Zorn. Listeners with less patience for music theory -- and Zorn skeptics -- should save \"Pool\" for later, because it will not win anyone over; nor will the compositional theories become more clear upon listening. Essentially, \"Pool\" has more historical value than listening interest.\" \"All compositions by John Zorn\" Original Vinyl Release CD Release", "Filmworks XVIII: The Treatment Filmworks XVIII: The Treatment features a score for film by John Zorn. The album was released on Zorn's own label, Tzadik Records, in 2006 and contains music that Zorn wrote and recorded for the romantic comedy, The Treatment (2006), directed by Oren Rudavsky. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 4 stars stating \"This plays, as have all of Zorn's scores of late, like a piece, a gorgeous piece of divinely inspired tight writing that brings not only the Argentinean tango to mind, but also klezmer, Yiddish folk music, and even cantorial music. There is a bit of Radical Jewish Culture in everything Zorn writes, and this set is a furthering of his own vision. Suffice it to say, and even though he doesn't let on in the liner notes, his scoring of The Treatment may have even surprised the composer himself\". John Zorn who composed the score for the film won a MacArthur Foundation, the \"Genius\" award for his music in 2006. All compositions by John Zorn", "Kristallnacht (album) Kristallnacht is an album by John Zorn first released in 1993 on the Japanese Eva label and subsequently in 1995 on Zorn's own Tzadik Records label. Zorn's compositions for the album were based around the events before, during, and following the infamous Night of Broken Glass and represented his first musical exploration of his Jewish cultural heritage. Zorn has stated: It\u2019s tied together with passion and research. Every Jew has to come to grips with the holocaust in some kind of way and that was my statement, that\u2019s how I did it. I do not need to do it again (\u2026) it meant a lot to me. It was like a whole lifetime of denying my Jewish heritage coming out in one piece -- \"John Zorn on BBC Jazz File,\" July 2000. The Allmusic review by Joslyn Layne awarded the album 4\u00bd stars stating \"John Zorn has created a musical work that powerfully represents the different stages of this historical event... Zorn's forceful undertaking is realized through the expert and passionate musicianship\". Guy Peters stated \"\"Kristallnacht\" is an attempt at a musical recreation of one of the darkest chapters of the Nazi reign, with music ranging from fairly conventional roots music to extreme near-industrial chaos... Zorn has never aimed at major popularity, preferring total independence above all, and this is what makes an album like \"Kristallnacht\" possible... Luckily there are several tracks in which he finds a much more impressive and bearable balance between disturbing noise and affecting beauty, a combination that\u2019s characteristic of several of his releases. Or maybe it\u2019s about disturbing beauty and affecting noise, I\u2019m not entirely sure\".", "John Zorn's Cobra: Live at the Knitting Factory John Zorn's Cobra: Live at the Knitting Factory is a performance of John Zorn's improvisational game piece, Cobra, performed at the Knitting Factory in 1992. The album resembles the missing link between John Zorn's work with Masada and Naked City. It also had a major impact on the electronic scene of New York. The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 1\u00bd stars stating \"There are some colorful segments, but in general, these self-indulgent performances would be much more interesting to see in person than to hear on record. Taken purely as a listening experience, one is surprised that this material has even been released.\" Guy Peters stated \"If this is your first acquaintance with Zorn\u2019s multifaceted universe, chances are you\u2019ll never visit it again and therefore it only can serve as a treat for those who were there, seriously dedicated fans.\" \"All compositions by John Zorn\""], "answer": {"text": "Zorn dropped out of college", "answer_start": 1408}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Zorn born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was he born", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he grow up", "answer": {"text": "in New York City", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he go to school", "answer": {"text": "Zorn attended the United Nations International School", "answer_start": 377, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he spent his days doing doing his childhood", "answer": {"text": "learned piano, guitar and flute", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he go to college", "answer": {"text": "Webster College (now Webster University)", "answer_start": 1041, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his degree", "answer": {"text": "he was studying composition", "answer_start": 1010, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_539701cedf124a72b873356e095ac1cf_1_q#8", "question": "What did he do after college", "rewrite": "What did John Zorn do after college?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Filmworks XVIII: The Treatment Filmworks XVIII: The Treatment features a score for film by John Zorn. The album was released on Zorn's own label, Tzadik Records, in 2006 and contains music that Zorn wrote and recorded for the romantic comedy, The Treatment (2006), directed by Oren Rudavsky. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 4 stars stating \"This plays, as have all of Zorn's scores of late, like a piece, a gorgeous piece of divinely inspired tight writing that brings not only the Argentinean tango to mind, but also klezmer, Yiddish folk music, and even cantorial music. There is a bit of Radical Jewish Culture in everything Zorn writes, and this set is a furthering of his own vision. Suffice it to say, and even though he doesn't let on in the liner notes, his scoring of The Treatment may have even surprised the composer himself\". John Zorn who composed the score for the film won a MacArthur Foundation, the \"Genius\" award for his music in 2006. All compositions by John Zorn", "Pool (John Zorn album) Pool is an album by John Zorn featuring his early \"game piece\" composition of the same name which was first released on vinyl on Parachute Records in 1980 as a double album including the composition \"Hockey\". The album was released on CD on Tzadik Records with an additional bonus track featuring a test recording of \"Archery\" as part of \"The Parachute Years\" Box Set in 1997 and as a single CD in 2000. The album was the first released solely under Zorn's name following his collaboration with Eugene Chadbourne, \"School\" (1978). The Allmusic review by Joclyn Layne awarded the album 3 stars stating \"Dedicated fans should check this out, as it is part of the early annals of Zorn. Listeners with less patience for music theory -- and Zorn skeptics -- should save \"Pool\" for later, because it will not win anyone over; nor will the compositional theories become more clear upon listening. Essentially, \"Pool\" has more historical value than listening interest.\" \"All compositions by John Zorn\" Original Vinyl Release CD Release", "John Zorn's Cobra: Live at the Knitting Factory John Zorn's Cobra: Live at the Knitting Factory is a performance of John Zorn's improvisational game piece, Cobra, performed at the Knitting Factory in 1992. The album resembles the missing link between John Zorn's work with Masada and Naked City. It also had a major impact on the electronic scene of New York. The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 1\u00bd stars stating \"There are some colorful segments, but in general, these self-indulgent performances would be much more interesting to see in person than to hear on record. Taken purely as a listening experience, one is surprised that this material has even been released.\" Guy Peters stated \"If this is your first acquaintance with Zorn\u2019s multifaceted universe, chances are you\u2019ll never visit it again and therefore it only can serve as a treat for those who were there, seriously dedicated fans.\" \"All compositions by John Zorn\"", "Xu Feng (album) Xu Feng: John Zorn's Game Pieces Volume 1 is a studio album by American composer John Zorn consisting of game pieces. It features improvisations performed by an ensemble of pairs of musicians using the same instruments: Chris Brown and David Slusser on electronics; Fred Frith and John Schott on guitars; and Dave Lombardo and William Winant on drums and percussion. The album is titled after Xu Feng, a Taiwanese actress featured in many martial arts films who appears on the cover art, a still of \"Raining in the Mountain\" (1979). The Allmusic review by Dean McFarlane awarded the album 4 stars calling it \"One of John Zorn's many outstanding works, the composer once again goes above and beyond listeners' expectations. Hearing this astonishing work, it is little wonder that John Zorn is often considered one of the more vital and influential figures in 20th century music\". All compositions by John Zorn.", "Kristallnacht (album) Kristallnacht is an album by John Zorn first released in 1993 on the Japanese Eva label and subsequently in 1995 on Zorn's own Tzadik Records label. Zorn's compositions for the album were based around the events before, during, and following the infamous Night of Broken Glass and represented his first musical exploration of his Jewish cultural heritage. Zorn has stated: It\u2019s tied together with passion and research. Every Jew has to come to grips with the holocaust in some kind of way and that was my statement, that\u2019s how I did it. I do not need to do it again (\u2026) it meant a lot to me. It was like a whole lifetime of denying my Jewish heritage coming out in one piece -- \"John Zorn on BBC Jazz File,\" July 2000. The Allmusic review by Joslyn Layne awarded the album 4\u00bd stars stating \"John Zorn has created a musical work that powerfully represents the different stages of this historical event... Zorn's forceful undertaking is realized through the expert and passionate musicianship\". Guy Peters stated \"\"Kristallnacht\" is an attempt at a musical recreation of one of the darkest chapters of the Nazi reign, with music ranging from fairly conventional roots music to extreme near-industrial chaos... Zorn has never aimed at major popularity, preferring total independence above all, and this is what makes an album like \"Kristallnacht\" possible... Luckily there are several tracks in which he finds a much more impressive and bearable balance between disturbing noise and affecting beauty, a combination that\u2019s characteristic of several of his releases. Or maybe it\u2019s about disturbing beauty and affecting noise, I\u2019m not entirely sure\"."], "answer": {"text": "following a stint on the West Coast, moved to Manhattan where he gave concerts in his apartment", "answer_start": 1441}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Zorn born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was he born", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he grow up", "answer": {"text": "in New York City", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he go to school", "answer": {"text": "Zorn attended the United Nations International School", "answer_start": 377, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he spent his days doing doing his childhood", "answer": {"text": "learned piano, guitar and flute", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he go to college", "answer": {"text": "Webster College (now Webster University)", "answer_start": 1041, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his degree", "answer": {"text": "he was studying composition", "answer_start": 1010, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his first job", "answer": {"text": "Zorn dropped out of college", "answer_start": 1408, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_539701cedf124a72b873356e095ac1cf_1_q#11", "question": "What else can you tell me about the art scene", "rewrite": "What else can you tell me about the art scene besides Jack Smith?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ishak \u00c7elebi Mosque The Ishak \u00c7elebi Mosque () is the largest mosque in Bitola, North Macedonia. It is situated along the north bank of the Dragor River. This area was known as Bit-Pazar in the quarter of Emir Bey or Eyne Bey, also known as Ishak \u00c7elebi mahalle. Popularly known as Ishakkiye, this mosque was named after its founder, Judge Ishak \u00c7elebi, son of Isa Fak\u0131h and was built in 1506. The marble plaque and the inscription is written in eight verses divided in eight equal fields. The date is given as a chronogram and is written in Nesih: \"Help (is coming) in the name of Allah, the Merciful,\"
\"the Compassionate\"
\" the old house was beautified by the chronogram\"
\"His noble Ishak ibn Isa, may his happiness last,\"
\"May His honor increase in Paradise\"
\"He built the mosque, fortunately for us. \"
\"By that he acquired the Omniscient\u2019s mercy. \"
\"Afterwards, inspired, he dictated a chronogram:\"
\"He arrived in the name of Allah, the Merciful, the compassionate\"", "The Jack Smith Show The Jack Smith Show was a radio program of popular music in the United States. It was broadcast on CBS Aug. 21, 1945-Dec. 26, 1952. It first originated from New York, but production was moved to Hollywood in 1948 to allow more opportunities for Smith to work in movies. Starring Smilin' Jack Smith (not to be confused with Whispering Jack Smith, who was also featured on musical programs on radio), \"The Jack Smith Show\" offered light music that was \"more or less contrary to the crooning style that was popular during the time. \" One newspaper article described the program as \"a fast moving musical m\u00e9lange that puts the accent on informality and music.\" In addition to its star, \"The Jack Smith Show\" featured other singers as co-stars. At various times during the show's run they included Eugenie Baird, Dinah Shore, Ginny Simms,Martha Tilton, the Clark Sisters and Margaret Whiting. The program also featured guests, including Dorothy Shay, Kay Starr, Ella Fitzgerald, Martha Raye and The Pied Pipers. Musical accompaniment was by Earl Sheldon and his orchestra and Herman Chittison Don Hancock was the announcer. William Brennan was the director.", "Jack Smith (artist) Jack Smith (18 June 1928 \u2013 11 June 2011) was a British realist and, later, abstract artist. Jack Smith was born in 1928 in Sheffield, Yorkshire. Smith studied at Sheffield College of Art (1944\u20131946), Saint Martin's School of Art (1948\u20131950) and the Royal College of Art (1950\u20131953). At the RCA, Smith studied under John Minton, Ruskin Spear and Carel Weight. During the 1950s, Smith's early work was in a neo-realist style known as \"The Kitchen Sink School\" featuring domestic subjects. In the 1960s Smith abandoned realism and adopted a brightly coloured, abstract style comparable to those of Wassily Kandinsky and Piet Mondrian incorporating Constructivism and Biomorphism with elements of hieroglyphic and musical notation. Smith continued to develop and work in this style and did not return to realism.", "I Was Kaiser Bill's Batman \"I Was Kaiser Bill's Batman\" was a hit single in 1967 composed by British songwriters Roger Cook and Roger Greenaway. It was a novelty record, performed mostly by whistling. The name Whistling Jack Smith, credited on the most commercially successful recording, was a play on the name of the baritone singer of the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s, Whispering Jack Smith. The tune was written by Greenaway and Cook and was originally titled \"Too Much Birdseed\". It was recorded as a single for Deram Records by record producer Noel Walker, using studio musicians together with the Mike Sammes Singers. The whistling on the record was, according to most sources, by John O'Neill, a trumpeter and singer with the Mike Sammes Singers who was known for his whistling skill, though other sources credit Noel Walker. The song is noted for its false ending: after the song ends its last chorus, a male voice shouts \"Oi\" (on the album version) and \"Hey\" (on the single version); the tune starts up again with the repeated chorus, and fades out. Credited to Whistling Jack Smith, the record rose up the UK singles chart. When it was featured on \"Top of the Pops\", actor Coby Wells was used to mime the whistling, and later toured as the public face of Whistling Jack Smith. (Wells' real name was Billy Moeller; a brother of Tommy Moeller, lead vocalist, guitarist, and pianist with Unit 4 + 2). The recording reached #5 on the UK singles chart in March 1967, staying in the chart for 12 weeks, and peaked at #20 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in the U.S. (The tune's hit status in America may have been due to the popularity of another Batman). Pat Boone did a whistling version of the song in 1967.", "Columbia began using the new electrical process with its other artists beginning on February 27, 1925. The first electrical master was 140125, \"You May Be Lonesome\" released on Columbia 328-D, the first issue being on Columbia's \"flag\" label prior to the change to the black label. Victor began using the electrical process in March 1925. Gillham was a popular artist with Columbia from 1924 through 1931. His 130 recordings included \"Angry\", \"I'm Confessing\", \"Shine On, Harvest Moon\", \"I'd Climb the Highest Mountain\", \"Cecilia\", \"I'm Waiting for Ships That Never Come In\", \"Thinking\" and \"Tenderly\". Most of his recordings were vocals with his piano accompaniment. Some recordings included small groups which included Red Nichols, Benny Goodman, Miff Mole, Jimmy Dorsey and others. Being a tall thin man with thick wavy hair, he created an image of himself on radio and records as an old fat bald man who was always having trouble with women and thus sang \"sob songs,\" and a folio was published \"Art Gillham's Sob Songs\" (Triangle Music). His primary competitors were Gene Austin, Jack Little, Cliff Edwards and Jack Smith. Jack Smith began recording for Victor in the Fall of 1925. Victor set him up as a direct competitor by calling him the \"Whispering Baritone\" or Whispering Jack Smith and alleged Art Gillham was imitating Jack Smith. On Victor's 1925 test recording of Jack Smith he was actually listed as \"Whispering Pianist\" (Discography of American Historical Recordings). Columbia began advertising Art Gillham as \"Famous Enough to Be Imitated.\" (advertising saved in his scrapbook) In 1926 Columbia imported record presses to Sydney, Australia. The first Australian Columbia pressing was Gillham's \" In Your Green Hat\" and"], "answer": {"text": "He founded a performance art project called the Theatre of Musical Optics", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Zorn born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was he born", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he grow up", "answer": {"text": "in New York City", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he go to school", "answer": {"text": "Zorn attended the United Nations International School", "answer_start": 377, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he spent his days doing doing his childhood", "answer": {"text": "learned piano, guitar and flute", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he go to college", "answer": {"text": "Webster College (now Webster University)", "answer_start": 1041, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his degree", "answer": {"text": "he was studying composition", "answer_start": 1010, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his first job", "answer": {"text": "Zorn dropped out of college", "answer_start": 1408, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do after college", "answer": {"text": "following a stint on the West Coast, moved to Manhattan where he gave concerts in his apartment", "answer_start": 1441, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a band", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was Jack Smith", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5676c88c9e254c0b9ebfa5ffd5d1a315_0_q#0", "question": "When did Pirro seek office?", "rewrite": "When did Pirro seek office?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In November 1993, Pirro was elected Westchester County District Attorney; she was the first woman to hold that position. She was re-elected in 1997 and 2001. On May 23, 2005, Pirro announced that she would not seek re-election to a fourth term as Westchester County District Attorney. On December 31, 1993--within hours of Pirro's midnight inauguration as District Attorney--Scripps newspaper heiress Anne Scripps Douglas was savagely bludgeoned in the head with a skull hammer by her estranged husband, Scott Douglas (who subsequently committed suicide by jumping off the Tappan Zee Bridge), as she slept in their Bronxville home. By the time police arrived, Scott Douglas had fled the scene, and Anne Scripps Douglas died in hospital on January 6. Pirro, already known as a passionate prosecutor of domestic violence cases, was a frequent presence in the media during the period between the murder and when Scott Douglas's body washed ashore in Riverdale in early March 1994. This increase in Pirro's national profile led to her surfacing as a frequent guest on network and cable television news in June 1994, when O.J. Simpson was arrested for the murder of his ex-wife, appearing frequently as a talking head for Nightline, Larry King Live, and Geraldo. Within months of taking office, Pirro undertook a costly renovation to the district attorney's facilities and expanded to an additional floor of the county courthouse. The largest expenses were a new kitchenette and a media room, costing $20,000, to assist Pirro's growing profile; additional expenditures also came to remodel her personal office with mahogany. Pirro was the first female president of the New York State District Attorneys Association.", "She was a 36-year-old immigrant from El Salvador who had a history of being hospitalized for mental issues. Amaya had killed the four children and attempted suicide after believing that they were being corrupted by drugs and sex. Vergari had served as district attorney for Pirro's entire tenure as an assistant district attorney and her time on the bench. In 1999, he critiqued Pirro as \"bright and capable\" and someone who \"plays hardball seeking publicity\" but is also \"very self-centered in everything she does\". During a 1986 abortive campaign for lieutenant governor, Pirro claimed to have never lost a case in \"about 50 trials\". This number was disputed when presented in 2005 to colleagues, who said that the real number of trials personally handled by Pirro \"wasn't more than 10\". Pirro's then-spokesman, Anne Marie Corbalis, contended only that Pirro had a \"100% felony conviction rate\" as an Assistant District Attorney. In November 1993, Pirro was elected Westchester County District Attorney; she was the first woman to hold that position. She was re-elected in 1997 and 2001. On May 23, 2005, Pirro announced that she would not seek re-election to a fourth term as Westchester County District Attorney. On December 31, 1993--within hours of Pirro's midnight inauguration as District Attorney--Scripps newspaper heiress Anne Scripps Douglas was savagely bludgeoned in the head with a skull hammer by her estranged husband, Scott Douglas (who subsequently committed suicide by jumping off the Tappan Zee Bridge), as she slept in their Bronxville home. By the time police arrived, Scott Douglas had fled the scene, and Anne Scripps Douglas died in hospital on January 6.", "Love you?\"). Pirro arrives with the grandees and his retinue, who announce that he has changed his mind and will return to Ermione (Chorus: \"Alfin l'Eroe da forte\" / \"At last, the resolute hero\"). Pirro then tells Oreste, to the astonishment of everyone, that he will, after all, hand over Astianatte to him. (Ermione, then the others and Pirro: \"Sperar, poss'io?\" ... \" A me Astianatte \" / \"Should I, can I, hope?\" ... \"Bring Astianatte here\") As the guards prepare to do so, Andromaca pleads with Pirro to give her time to think. Ermione is furious, and Pirro again rejects her. Andromaca vows to commit suicide if she is compelled to marry Pirro, while Pilade urges Oreste to leave with him. The Act ends in general consternation. \"The palace's entrance hall\" Andromaca arrives to tell Pirro that she will marry him. Overjoyed, he sends Attalo away to release Astianatte and make preparations for the wedding. Andromaca, unhappy, swears to herself that she will not be unfaithful to her dead husband, and while Pirro urges her to make her vows at the altar, she again resolves to kill herself (Duet: \"Ombra del caro sposo ... Vieni a giurar \" / \"Ghost of my dear husband ... Come and swear at the altar\"). Pirro leaves. Andromaca decides that, before she dies, she will make Pirro swear that Astianatte will be spared.", "In 1975, Carl Vergari appointed Pirro to the position of Assistant District Attorney of Westchester County, where she began her career by writing appeals and handling minor cases. In 1977, Pirro approached Vergari and requested that he apply for a federal grant for local district attorney's offices to establish bureaus that specialized in domestic violence. She hoped that Vergari would take advantage of potential funding as well as a 1977 change in New York law that moved many domestic violence cases from family court to criminal court. Vergari agreed to apply, and his office became one of four in the nation to win the grant. In 1978, he appointed Pirro to be the first chief of the new Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Bureau. Pirro was known to be an aggressive bureau chief. Due to possible coercion, she had a strict policy against dropping cases at a victim's request. Many people praised Pirro for her passion as Domestic Violence Bureau Chief, but she attracted increasing criticism from colleagues due her attention-grabbing behavior and violations of tradition. On multiple occasions, Chief District Attorney Vergari spoke to Pirro concerning her violation of office policy. She had issued press releases with her own name--and not Vergari's--on top. The relationship between Pirro and Vergari disintegrated in the late 1980s, after Pirro claimed sole responsibility for the establishment of the Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Bureau. On June 1, 1990, just five months prior to Pirro's first appearance on the ballot for County Court Judge, she attracted widespread attention and some criticism for rushing to conduct a bedside arraignment of Maria Amaya at the Intensive Care Unit of United Hospital in Port Chester. Amaya had been charged with four counts of second-degree murder for the deaths of her four children.", "In 1975, Carl Vergari appointed Pirro to the position of Assistant District Attorney of Westchester County, where she began her career by writing appeals and handling minor cases. In 1977, Pirro approached Vergari and requested that he apply for a federal grant for local district attorney's offices to establish bureaus that specialized in domestic violence. She hoped that Vergari would take advantage of potential funding as well as a 1977 change in New York law that moved many domestic violence cases from family court to criminal court. Vergari agreed to apply, and his office became one of four in the nation to win the grant. In 1978, he appointed Pirro to be the first chief of the new Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Bureau. Pirro was known to be an aggressive bureau chief. Due to possible coercion, she had a strict policy against dropping cases at a victim's request. Many people praised Pirro for her passion as Domestic Violence Bureau Chief, but she attracted increasing criticism from colleagues due her attention-grabbing behavior and violations of tradition. On multiple occasions, Chief District Attorney Vergari spoke to Pirro concerning her violation of office policy. She had issued press releases with her own name--and not Vergari's--on top. The relationship between Pirro and Vergari disintegrated in the late 1980s, after Pirro claimed sole responsibility for the establishment of the Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Bureau. On June 1, 1990, just five months prior to Pirro's first appearance on the ballot for County Court Judge, she attracted widespread attention and some criticism for rushing to conduct a bedside arraignment of Maria Amaya at the Intensive Care Unit of United Hospital in Port Chester. Amaya had been charged with four counts of second-degree murder for the deaths of her four children."], "answer": {"text": "On August 10, 2005, Pirro announced that she would seek the Republican nomination to challenge first-term incumbent senator Hillary Clinton,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5676c88c9e254c0b9ebfa5ffd5d1a315_0_q#1", "question": "What office was she trying to get?", "rewrite": "What office was Pirro trying to get?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pirro Pirro may refer to: An Albanian given name; derived from Greek \"Pyrrhos\" (Latinized as \"Pyrrhus\") (flame-coloured, red-haired). As an Italian name, it is derived either from the aforementioned Greek name or from a variant of the name \"Pierro\" (from Peter). Pirro or DiPirro originates from the name \"di Pirro\" or \"DiPirro\" meaning \"of Pirro\" or \"family of Pirro\". Pirro comes from the historical figure of Pyrrhus of Epirus (319/318 BC \u2013 272 BC). The Pirro family originated in ancient Greece and \"Great Greece\" or \"Magna Graecia\", the name of the coastal areas of Southern Italy on the Tarentine Gulf that were extensively colonized by Greek settlers. Pirro people, commonly called Yine people, an indigenous tribe in the Peruvian Amazon", "Love you?\"). Pirro arrives with the grandees and his retinue, who announce that he has changed his mind and will return to Ermione (Chorus: \"Alfin l'Eroe da forte\" / \"At last, the resolute hero\"). Pirro then tells Oreste, to the astonishment of everyone, that he will, after all, hand over Astianatte to him. (Ermione, then the others and Pirro: \"Sperar, poss'io?\" ... \" A me Astianatte \" / \"Should I, can I, hope?\" ... \"Bring Astianatte here\") As the guards prepare to do so, Andromaca pleads with Pirro to give her time to think. Ermione is furious, and Pirro again rejects her. Andromaca vows to commit suicide if she is compelled to marry Pirro, while Pilade urges Oreste to leave with him. The Act ends in general consternation. \"The palace's entrance hall\" Andromaca arrives to tell Pirro that she will marry him. Overjoyed, he sends Attalo away to release Astianatte and make preparations for the wedding. Andromaca, unhappy, swears to herself that she will not be unfaithful to her dead husband, and while Pirro urges her to make her vows at the altar, she again resolves to kill herself (Duet: \"Ombra del caro sposo ... Vieni a giurar \" / \"Ghost of my dear husband ... Come and swear at the altar\"). Pirro leaves. Andromaca decides that, before she dies, she will make Pirro swear that Astianatte will be spared.", "In 1975, Carl Vergari appointed Pirro to the position of Assistant District Attorney of Westchester County, where she began her career by writing appeals and handling minor cases. In 1977, Pirro approached Vergari and requested that he apply for a federal grant for local district attorney's offices to establish bureaus that specialized in domestic violence. She hoped that Vergari would take advantage of potential funding as well as a 1977 change in New York law that moved many domestic violence cases from family court to criminal court. Vergari agreed to apply, and his office became one of four in the nation to win the grant. In 1978, he appointed Pirro to be the first chief of the new Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Bureau. Pirro was known to be an aggressive bureau chief. Due to possible coercion, she had a strict policy against dropping cases at a victim's request. Many people praised Pirro for her passion as Domestic Violence Bureau Chief, but she attracted increasing criticism from colleagues due her attention-grabbing behavior and violations of tradition. On multiple occasions, Chief District Attorney Vergari spoke to Pirro concerning her violation of office policy. She had issued press releases with her own name--and not Vergari's--on top. The relationship between Pirro and Vergari disintegrated in the late 1980s, after Pirro claimed sole responsibility for the establishment of the Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Bureau. On June 1, 1990, just five months prior to Pirro's first appearance on the ballot for County Court Judge, she attracted widespread attention and some criticism for rushing to conduct a bedside arraignment of Maria Amaya at the Intensive Care Unit of United Hospital in Port Chester. Amaya had been charged with four counts of second-degree murder for the deaths of her four children.", "In November 1993, Pirro was elected Westchester County District Attorney; she was the first woman to hold that position. She was re-elected in 1997 and 2001. On May 23, 2005, Pirro announced that she would not seek re-election to a fourth term as Westchester County District Attorney. On December 31, 1993--within hours of Pirro's midnight inauguration as District Attorney--Scripps newspaper heiress Anne Scripps Douglas was savagely bludgeoned in the head with a skull hammer by her estranged husband, Scott Douglas (who subsequently committed suicide by jumping off the Tappan Zee Bridge), as she slept in their Bronxville home. By the time police arrived, Scott Douglas had fled the scene, and Anne Scripps Douglas died in hospital on January 6. Pirro, already known as a passionate prosecutor of domestic violence cases, was a frequent presence in the media during the period between the murder and when Scott Douglas's body washed ashore in Riverdale in early March 1994. This increase in Pirro's national profile led to her surfacing as a frequent guest on network and cable television news in June 1994, when O.J. Simpson was arrested for the murder of his ex-wife, appearing frequently as a talking head for Nightline, Larry King Live, and Geraldo. Within months of taking office, Pirro undertook a costly renovation to the district attorney's facilities and expanded to an additional floor of the county courthouse. The largest expenses were a new kitchenette and a media room, costing $20,000, to assist Pirro's growing profile; additional expenditures also came to remodel her personal office with mahogany. Pirro was the first female president of the New York State District Attorneys Association.", "In 1975, Carl Vergari appointed Pirro to the position of Assistant District Attorney of Westchester County, where she began her career by writing appeals and handling minor cases. In 1977, Pirro approached Vergari and requested that he apply for a federal grant for local district attorney's offices to establish bureaus that specialized in domestic violence. She hoped that Vergari would take advantage of potential funding as well as a 1977 change in New York law that moved many domestic violence cases from family court to criminal court. Vergari agreed to apply, and his office became one of four in the nation to win the grant. In 1978, he appointed Pirro to be the first chief of the new Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Bureau. Pirro was known to be an aggressive bureau chief. Due to possible coercion, she had a strict policy against dropping cases at a victim's request. Many people praised Pirro for her passion as Domestic Violence Bureau Chief, but she attracted increasing criticism from colleagues due her attention-grabbing behavior and violations of tradition. On multiple occasions, Chief District Attorney Vergari spoke to Pirro concerning her violation of office policy. She had issued press releases with her own name--and not Vergari's--on top. The relationship between Pirro and Vergari disintegrated in the late 1980s, after Pirro claimed sole responsibility for the establishment of the Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Bureau. On June 1, 1990, just five months prior to Pirro's first appearance on the ballot for County Court Judge, she attracted widespread attention and some criticism for rushing to conduct a bedside arraignment of Maria Amaya at the Intensive Care Unit of United Hospital in Port Chester. Amaya had been charged with four counts of second-degree murder for the deaths of her four children."], "answer": {"text": "in the 2006 election for U.S. Senator from New York.", "answer_start": 153}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Pirro seek office?", "answer": {"text": "On August 10, 2005, Pirro announced that she would seek the Republican nomination to challenge first-term incumbent senator Hillary Clinton,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5676c88c9e254c0b9ebfa5ffd5d1a315_0_q#2", "question": "Who did she run against on the republican side?", "rewrite": "Who did Pirro run against on the republican side?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pirro was selected by O'Rourke and New York State Republican Committee Chairman Anthony J. Colavita after nearly a dozen individuals declined the position, including Erie County Executive Ed Rutkowski, Hempstead Presiding Supervisor Thomas Gulotta, and the Executives of Broome and Oneida Counties. Colavita, who said at the press conference that he \"had so many say 'no' to me (during the lieutenant governor search), it doesn't hurt anymore\", pointed to Pirro's prosecutorial experience, ability to effectively use crime as an issue, Italian married name, youth, and status as a woman when asked about her strengths as a candidate. Pirro's selection frustrated many New York Republicans, with Assembly Minority Leader Clarence D. Rappleyea Jr. traveling on May 27 from Albany to the first night of the State Republican Committee's Nominating Convention in Syracuse, to tell O'Rourke and Cloavita that his conference was concerned by Pirro's lack of political experience or statewide stature. Many Republicans also worried that if Pirro were nominated, their ticket would be too geographically dominated by downstate and the suburbs, with O'Rourke, like Pirro, being from Westchester, and the presumptive nominees for attorney general, Peter King and United States Senate, Alfonse D'Amato both hailing from Nassau County. On May 28, just one day prior to the scheduled vote for the lieutenant gubernatorial nomination at the state party convention in Syracuse, Pirro announced her withdrawal from the race, saying that her husband could not disclose his legal clients or the couple's business interests (later revealed to have been her husband's partial ownership of a Connecticut carting company with alleged mafia connections), and that many of his clients did business with the state, which would make it \"virtually impossible\" for her to serve as Lieutenant Governor.", "On August 10, 2005, Pirro announced that she would seek the Republican nomination to challenge first-term incumbent senator Hillary Clinton, a Democrat, in the 2006 election for U.S. Senator from New York. Other Republicans who announced campaigns for the nomination were John Spencer, a former mayor of Yonkers, William Brenner, an attorney in Sullivan County, and attorney Edward Cox, the son-in-law of former president Richard Nixon. In a widely publicized moment when she was declaring her candidacy, Pirro misplaced page 10 of her speech and went silent for 32 seconds, something that is widely considered to have damaged her campaign before it even started. During an appearance at the Crime Victims Resource Center, Pirro described herself this way: \"I am red on fiscal policy. I am conservative and I support the Bush tax cut.\" She added, however: \"I have broad blue stripes when it comes to social issues... I am a woman who is a moderate in New York.\" Republican governor George Pataki's endorsement of Pirro caused Cox to withdraw from the race, leaving Pirro as the likely nominee. Donors to Pirro's political campaign included designer Tommy Hilfiger (also a native of Elmira) and Donald Trump, as well as contractors and real estate executives who had done business with her husband. On December 21, 2005, Pirro dropped out of the Senate race after continuing pressure from party chiefs. This decision was reached after a lagging fundraising effort and polls that showed she would be easily defeated by Clinton (a Quinnipiac University poll found Pirro would lose to Clinton 62 percent to 30 percent). In a statement, she said \"I have decided that my law enforcement background better qualifies me for a race for New York State attorney general than a race for the United States Senate.\"", "She was a 36-year-old immigrant from El Salvador who had a history of being hospitalized for mental issues. Amaya had killed the four children and attempted suicide after believing that they were being corrupted by drugs and sex. Vergari had served as district attorney for Pirro's entire tenure as an assistant district attorney and her time on the bench. In 1999, he critiqued Pirro as \"bright and capable\" and someone who \"plays hardball seeking publicity\" but is also \"very self-centered in everything she does\". During a 1986 abortive campaign for lieutenant governor, Pirro claimed to have never lost a case in \"about 50 trials\". This number was disputed when presented in 2005 to colleagues, who said that the real number of trials personally handled by Pirro \"wasn't more than 10\". Pirro's then-spokesman, Anne Marie Corbalis, contended only that Pirro had a \"100% felony conviction rate\" as an Assistant District Attorney. In November 1993, Pirro was elected Westchester County District Attorney; she was the first woman to hold that position. She was re-elected in 1997 and 2001. On May 23, 2005, Pirro announced that she would not seek re-election to a fourth term as Westchester County District Attorney. On December 31, 1993--within hours of Pirro's midnight inauguration as District Attorney--Scripps newspaper heiress Anne Scripps Douglas was savagely bludgeoned in the head with a skull hammer by her estranged husband, Scott Douglas (who subsequently committed suicide by jumping off the Tappan Zee Bridge), as she slept in their Bronxville home. By the time police arrived, Scott Douglas had fled the scene, and Anne Scripps Douglas died in hospital on January 6.", "Love you?\"). Pirro arrives with the grandees and his retinue, who announce that he has changed his mind and will return to Ermione (Chorus: \"Alfin l'Eroe da forte\" / \"At last, the resolute hero\"). Pirro then tells Oreste, to the astonishment of everyone, that he will, after all, hand over Astianatte to him. (Ermione, then the others and Pirro: \"Sperar, poss'io?\" ... \" A me Astianatte \" / \"Should I, can I, hope?\" ... \"Bring Astianatte here\") As the guards prepare to do so, Andromaca pleads with Pirro to give her time to think. Ermione is furious, and Pirro again rejects her. Andromaca vows to commit suicide if she is compelled to marry Pirro, while Pilade urges Oreste to leave with him. The Act ends in general consternation. \"The palace's entrance hall\" Andromaca arrives to tell Pirro that she will marry him. Overjoyed, he sends Attalo away to release Astianatte and make preparations for the wedding. Andromaca, unhappy, swears to herself that she will not be unfaithful to her dead husband, and while Pirro urges her to make her vows at the altar, she again resolves to kill herself (Duet: \"Ombra del caro sposo ... Vieni a giurar \" / \"Ghost of my dear husband ... Come and swear at the altar\"). Pirro leaves. Andromaca decides that, before she dies, she will make Pirro swear that Astianatte will be spared.", "In 1975, Carl Vergari appointed Pirro to the position of Assistant District Attorney of Westchester County, where she began her career by writing appeals and handling minor cases. In 1977, Pirro approached Vergari and requested that he apply for a federal grant for local district attorney's offices to establish bureaus that specialized in domestic violence. She hoped that Vergari would take advantage of potential funding as well as a 1977 change in New York law that moved many domestic violence cases from family court to criminal court. Vergari agreed to apply, and his office became one of four in the nation to win the grant. In 1978, he appointed Pirro to be the first chief of the new Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Bureau. Pirro was known to be an aggressive bureau chief. Due to possible coercion, she had a strict policy against dropping cases at a victim's request. Many people praised Pirro for her passion as Domestic Violence Bureau Chief, but she attracted increasing criticism from colleagues due her attention-grabbing behavior and violations of tradition. On multiple occasions, Chief District Attorney Vergari spoke to Pirro concerning her violation of office policy. She had issued press releases with her own name--and not Vergari's--on top. The relationship between Pirro and Vergari disintegrated in the late 1980s, after Pirro claimed sole responsibility for the establishment of the Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Bureau. On June 1, 1990, just five months prior to Pirro's first appearance on the ballot for County Court Judge, she attracted widespread attention and some criticism for rushing to conduct a bedside arraignment of Maria Amaya at the Intensive Care Unit of United Hospital in Port Chester. Amaya had been charged with four counts of second-degree murder for the deaths of her four children."], "answer": {"text": "Other Republicans who announced campaigns for the nomination were John Spencer, a former mayor of Yonkers, William Brenner, an attorney in Sullivan County, and attorney Edward Cox,", "answer_start": 206}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Pirro seek office?", "answer": {"text": "On August 10, 2005, Pirro announced that she would seek the Republican nomination to challenge first-term incumbent senator Hillary Clinton,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What office was she trying to get?", "answer": {"text": "in the 2006 election for U.S. Senator from New York.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5676c88c9e254c0b9ebfa5ffd5d1a315_0_q#3", "question": "What happened during her campaign?", "rewrite": "What happened during Pirro's campaign?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1975, Carl Vergari appointed Pirro to the position of Assistant District Attorney of Westchester County, where she began her career by writing appeals and handling minor cases. In 1977, Pirro approached Vergari and requested that he apply for a federal grant for local district attorney's offices to establish bureaus that specialized in domestic violence. She hoped that Vergari would take advantage of potential funding as well as a 1977 change in New York law that moved many domestic violence cases from family court to criminal court. Vergari agreed to apply, and his office became one of four in the nation to win the grant. In 1978, he appointed Pirro to be the first chief of the new Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Bureau. Pirro was known to be an aggressive bureau chief. Due to possible coercion, she had a strict policy against dropping cases at a victim's request. Many people praised Pirro for her passion as Domestic Violence Bureau Chief, but she attracted increasing criticism from colleagues due her attention-grabbing behavior and violations of tradition. On multiple occasions, Chief District Attorney Vergari spoke to Pirro concerning her violation of office policy. She had issued press releases with her own name--and not Vergari's--on top. The relationship between Pirro and Vergari disintegrated in the late 1980s, after Pirro claimed sole responsibility for the establishment of the Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Bureau. On June 1, 1990, just five months prior to Pirro's first appearance on the ballot for County Court Judge, she attracted widespread attention and some criticism for rushing to conduct a bedside arraignment of Maria Amaya at the Intensive Care Unit of United Hospital in Port Chester. Amaya had been charged with four counts of second-degree murder for the deaths of her four children.", "Love you?\"). Pirro arrives with the grandees and his retinue, who announce that he has changed his mind and will return to Ermione (Chorus: \"Alfin l'Eroe da forte\" / \"At last, the resolute hero\"). Pirro then tells Oreste, to the astonishment of everyone, that he will, after all, hand over Astianatte to him. (Ermione, then the others and Pirro: \"Sperar, poss'io?\" ... \" A me Astianatte \" / \"Should I, can I, hope?\" ... \"Bring Astianatte here\") As the guards prepare to do so, Andromaca pleads with Pirro to give her time to think. Ermione is furious, and Pirro again rejects her. Andromaca vows to commit suicide if she is compelled to marry Pirro, while Pilade urges Oreste to leave with him. The Act ends in general consternation. \"The palace's entrance hall\" Andromaca arrives to tell Pirro that she will marry him. Overjoyed, he sends Attalo away to release Astianatte and make preparations for the wedding. Andromaca, unhappy, swears to herself that she will not be unfaithful to her dead husband, and while Pirro urges her to make her vows at the altar, she again resolves to kill herself (Duet: \"Ombra del caro sposo ... Vieni a giurar \" / \"Ghost of my dear husband ... Come and swear at the altar\"). Pirro leaves. Andromaca decides that, before she dies, she will make Pirro swear that Astianatte will be spared.", "Pirro Pirro may refer to: An Albanian given name; derived from Greek \"Pyrrhos\" (Latinized as \"Pyrrhus\") (flame-coloured, red-haired). As an Italian name, it is derived either from the aforementioned Greek name or from a variant of the name \"Pierro\" (from Peter). Pirro or DiPirro originates from the name \"di Pirro\" or \"DiPirro\" meaning \"of Pirro\" or \"family of Pirro\". Pirro comes from the historical figure of Pyrrhus of Epirus (319/318 BC \u2013 272 BC). The Pirro family originated in ancient Greece and \"Great Greece\" or \"Magna Graecia\", the name of the coastal areas of Southern Italy on the Tarentine Gulf that were extensively colonized by Greek settlers. Pirro people, commonly called Yine people, an indigenous tribe in the Peruvian Amazon", "On August 10, 2005, Pirro announced that she would seek the Republican nomination to challenge first-term incumbent senator Hillary Clinton, a Democrat, in the 2006 election for U.S. Senator from New York. Other Republicans who announced campaigns for the nomination were John Spencer, a former mayor of Yonkers, William Brenner, an attorney in Sullivan County, and attorney Edward Cox, the son-in-law of former president Richard Nixon. In a widely publicized moment when she was declaring her candidacy, Pirro misplaced page 10 of her speech and went silent for 32 seconds, something that is widely considered to have damaged her campaign before it even started. During an appearance at the Crime Victims Resource Center, Pirro described herself this way: \"I am red on fiscal policy. I am conservative and I support the Bush tax cut.\" She added, however: \"I have broad blue stripes when it comes to social issues... I am a woman who is a moderate in New York.\" Republican governor George Pataki's endorsement of Pirro caused Cox to withdraw from the race, leaving Pirro as the likely nominee. Donors to Pirro's political campaign included designer Tommy Hilfiger (also a native of Elmira) and Donald Trump, as well as contractors and real estate executives who had done business with her husband. On December 21, 2005, Pirro dropped out of the Senate race after continuing pressure from party chiefs. This decision was reached after a lagging fundraising effort and polls that showed she would be easily defeated by Clinton (a Quinnipiac University poll found Pirro would lose to Clinton 62 percent to 30 percent). In a statement, she said \"I have decided that my law enforcement background better qualifies me for a race for New York State attorney general than a race for the United States Senate.\"", "She was a 36-year-old immigrant from El Salvador who had a history of being hospitalized for mental issues. Amaya had killed the four children and attempted suicide after believing that they were being corrupted by drugs and sex. Vergari had served as district attorney for Pirro's entire tenure as an assistant district attorney and her time on the bench. In 1999, he critiqued Pirro as \"bright and capable\" and someone who \"plays hardball seeking publicity\" but is also \"very self-centered in everything she does\". During a 1986 abortive campaign for lieutenant governor, Pirro claimed to have never lost a case in \"about 50 trials\". This number was disputed when presented in 2005 to colleagues, who said that the real number of trials personally handled by Pirro \"wasn't more than 10\". Pirro's then-spokesman, Anne Marie Corbalis, contended only that Pirro had a \"100% felony conviction rate\" as an Assistant District Attorney. In November 1993, Pirro was elected Westchester County District Attorney; she was the first woman to hold that position. She was re-elected in 1997 and 2001. On May 23, 2005, Pirro announced that she would not seek re-election to a fourth term as Westchester County District Attorney. On December 31, 1993--within hours of Pirro's midnight inauguration as District Attorney--Scripps newspaper heiress Anne Scripps Douglas was savagely bludgeoned in the head with a skull hammer by her estranged husband, Scott Douglas (who subsequently committed suicide by jumping off the Tappan Zee Bridge), as she slept in their Bronxville home. By the time police arrived, Scott Douglas had fled the scene, and Anne Scripps Douglas died in hospital on January 6."], "answer": {"text": "In a widely publicized moment when she was declaring her candidacy, Pirro misplaced page 10 of her speech and went silent for 32 seconds,", "answer_start": 437}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Pirro seek office?", "answer": {"text": "On August 10, 2005, Pirro announced that she would seek the Republican nomination to challenge first-term incumbent senator Hillary Clinton,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What office was she trying to get?", "answer": {"text": "in the 2006 election for U.S. Senator from New York.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did she run against on the republican side?", "answer": {"text": "Other Republicans who announced campaigns for the nomination were John Spencer, a former mayor of Yonkers, William Brenner, an attorney in Sullivan County, and attorney Edward Cox,", "answer_start": 206, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5676c88c9e254c0b9ebfa5ffd5d1a315_0_q#4", "question": "Was she embarrassed?", "rewrite": "Was Pirro embarrassed?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Love you?\"). Pirro arrives with the grandees and his retinue, who announce that he has changed his mind and will return to Ermione (Chorus: \"Alfin l'Eroe da forte\" / \"At last, the resolute hero\"). Pirro then tells Oreste, to the astonishment of everyone, that he will, after all, hand over Astianatte to him. (Ermione, then the others and Pirro: \"Sperar, poss'io?\" ... \" A me Astianatte \" / \"Should I, can I, hope?\" ... \"Bring Astianatte here\") As the guards prepare to do so, Andromaca pleads with Pirro to give her time to think. Ermione is furious, and Pirro again rejects her. Andromaca vows to commit suicide if she is compelled to marry Pirro, while Pilade urges Oreste to leave with him. The Act ends in general consternation. \"The palace's entrance hall\" Andromaca arrives to tell Pirro that she will marry him. Overjoyed, he sends Attalo away to release Astianatte and make preparations for the wedding. Andromaca, unhappy, swears to herself that she will not be unfaithful to her dead husband, and while Pirro urges her to make her vows at the altar, she again resolves to kill herself (Duet: \"Ombra del caro sposo ... Vieni a giurar \" / \"Ghost of my dear husband ... Come and swear at the altar\"). Pirro leaves. Andromaca decides that, before she dies, she will make Pirro swear that Astianatte will be spared.", "In 1975, Carl Vergari appointed Pirro to the position of Assistant District Attorney of Westchester County, where she began her career by writing appeals and handling minor cases. In 1977, Pirro approached Vergari and requested that he apply for a federal grant for local district attorney's offices to establish bureaus that specialized in domestic violence. She hoped that Vergari would take advantage of potential funding as well as a 1977 change in New York law that moved many domestic violence cases from family court to criminal court. Vergari agreed to apply, and his office became one of four in the nation to win the grant. In 1978, he appointed Pirro to be the first chief of the new Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Bureau. Pirro was known to be an aggressive bureau chief. Due to possible coercion, she had a strict policy against dropping cases at a victim's request. Many people praised Pirro for her passion as Domestic Violence Bureau Chief, but she attracted increasing criticism from colleagues due her attention-grabbing behavior and violations of tradition. On multiple occasions, Chief District Attorney Vergari spoke to Pirro concerning her violation of office policy. She had issued press releases with her own name--and not Vergari's--on top. The relationship between Pirro and Vergari disintegrated in the late 1980s, after Pirro claimed sole responsibility for the establishment of the Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Bureau. On June 1, 1990, just five months prior to Pirro's first appearance on the ballot for County Court Judge, she attracted widespread attention and some criticism for rushing to conduct a bedside arraignment of Maria Amaya at the Intensive Care Unit of United Hospital in Port Chester. Amaya had been charged with four counts of second-degree murder for the deaths of her four children.", "Cristina Scuccia Sister Cristina Scuccia (also known as , Italian for \"Sister Christina\") is an Italian Ursuline nun who won the 2014 season of \"The Voice of Italy\" as part of Team J-Ax, resulting in a record deal with Universal. In 2013, she won a Christian music competition as part of the Good News Festival. Cristina Scuccia was born in Vittoria in 1988. She became a novice in 2009 and worked for two years with poor children in Brazil before formally joining the Ursuline order. In the years from 2009 to 2011, Sister Cristina improved her artistic skills at the \"Star Rose Academy\" in Rome, created and directed by Maximo De Marco. Her singing teacher was the singer-songwriter Franco Simone. Her television debut was in June 2012, on the program \"Dizionario dei sentimenti\" by Franco Simone, on Gold Tv in Rome. In 2014, Scuccia applied to \"The Voice of Italy\" singing competition, singing for her audition \"No One\" by Alicia Keys. The performance received more than 95 million views on YouTube. She was very popular with the audience and all four judges\u2014Raffaella Carr\u00e0, J-Ax, Noemi, and Piero Pel\u00f9\u2014turned their chairs in the blind audition. Cristina chose to be part of Team J-Ax. Throughout the contest, she wore a simple crucifix around her neck, black shoes and ankle-length black religious habit. During the show, she sang \"The Cup of Life\" alongside Ricky Martin and during the final, she sang a duet with Kylie Minogue on \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\". In the final, she won the trophy with 62% of the Italian votes against runner-up Giacomo Voli. After winning, she thanked God and recited the Lord's Prayer to the show organizers and audience.", "Pirro Pirro may refer to: An Albanian given name; derived from Greek \"Pyrrhos\" (Latinized as \"Pyrrhus\") (flame-coloured, red-haired). As an Italian name, it is derived either from the aforementioned Greek name or from a variant of the name \"Pierro\" (from Peter). Pirro or DiPirro originates from the name \"di Pirro\" or \"DiPirro\" meaning \"of Pirro\" or \"family of Pirro\". Pirro comes from the historical figure of Pyrrhus of Epirus (319/318 BC \u2013 272 BC). The Pirro family originated in ancient Greece and \"Great Greece\" or \"Magna Graecia\", the name of the coastal areas of Southern Italy on the Tarentine Gulf that were extensively colonized by Greek settlers. Pirro people, commonly called Yine people, an indigenous tribe in the Peruvian Amazon", "She was a 36-year-old immigrant from El Salvador who had a history of being hospitalized for mental issues. Amaya had killed the four children and attempted suicide after believing that they were being corrupted by drugs and sex. Vergari had served as district attorney for Pirro's entire tenure as an assistant district attorney and her time on the bench. In 1999, he critiqued Pirro as \"bright and capable\" and someone who \"plays hardball seeking publicity\" but is also \"very self-centered in everything she does\". During a 1986 abortive campaign for lieutenant governor, Pirro claimed to have never lost a case in \"about 50 trials\". This number was disputed when presented in 2005 to colleagues, who said that the real number of trials personally handled by Pirro \"wasn't more than 10\". Pirro's then-spokesman, Anne Marie Corbalis, contended only that Pirro had a \"100% felony conviction rate\" as an Assistant District Attorney. In November 1993, Pirro was elected Westchester County District Attorney; she was the first woman to hold that position. She was re-elected in 1997 and 2001. On May 23, 2005, Pirro announced that she would not seek re-election to a fourth term as Westchester County District Attorney. On December 31, 1993--within hours of Pirro's midnight inauguration as District Attorney--Scripps newspaper heiress Anne Scripps Douglas was savagely bludgeoned in the head with a skull hammer by her estranged husband, Scott Douglas (who subsequently committed suicide by jumping off the Tappan Zee Bridge), as she slept in their Bronxville home. By the time police arrived, Scott Douglas had fled the scene, and Anne Scripps Douglas died in hospital on January 6."], "answer": {"text": "something that is widely considered to have damaged her campaign before it even started.", "answer_start": 575}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Pirro seek office?", "answer": {"text": "On August 10, 2005, Pirro announced that she would seek the Republican nomination to challenge first-term incumbent senator Hillary Clinton,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What office was she trying to get?", "answer": {"text": "in the 2006 election for U.S. Senator from New York.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did she run against on the republican side?", "answer": {"text": "Other Republicans who announced campaigns for the nomination were John Spencer, a former mayor of Yonkers, William Brenner, an attorney in Sullivan County, and attorney Edward Cox,", "answer_start": 206, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened during her campaign?", "answer": {"text": "In a widely publicized moment when she was declaring her candidacy, Pirro misplaced page 10 of her speech and went silent for 32 seconds,", "answer_start": 437, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5676c88c9e254c0b9ebfa5ffd5d1a315_0_q#5", "question": "What happened with the senate campaign?", "rewrite": "What happened with the senate campaign?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Although the Kennedys were a much newer political dynasty than the Lodges, they had amassed a considerably larger financial fortune, thanks in large part to the business activities of Kennedy's father, Joseph P. Kennedy. The Kennedys were Irish Catholics, and in many ways the 1952 Massachusetts Senate campaign was the climax of a longstanding battle between the older Protestant families like the Lodges, who had controlled politics in the Bay State for generations, and the newer Irish Catholic families such as the Kennedys, who for demographic reasons now outnumbered the Protestants. The Kennedys also viewed the 1952 race as something of a grudge match, as Lodge's grandfather had defeated Kennedy's grandfather, Boston Mayor John F. Fitzgerald, in a 1916 Senate race in Massachusetts. Congressman Kennedy's Senate campaign was managed by his younger brother Robert Kennedy, who would perform the same function for his brother in the 1960 presidential campaign. Kennedy launched his campaign early in 1952 and made an intensive effort, by election day in November 1952 he had visited every city, town, and village in Massachusetts at least once. He also collected a record number of signatures for his petition for office, assembling a petition of over a quarter-million signatures. Many of those who signed the petition would later become campaign volunteers or workers for Kennedy in their hometowns. A famous innovation by the Kennedys in the 1952 Senate race were a series of \"tea parties\" sponsored by Kennedy's mother and sisters in the fall. Congressman Kennedy attended each of the tea parties and shook hands and charmed the voters (usually female) who were present; it is estimated that a total of 70,000 voters attended the tea parties, which was roughly his margin of victory over Lodge. Lodge, meanwhile, neglected his Senate campaign for most of 1952.", "Beto O'Rourke 2020 presidential campaign The 2020 presidential campaign of Beto O'Rourke, the U.S. Representative for Texas's 16th congressional district from 2013 to 2019, was announced on March 14, 2019. Beto O'Rourke had previously attracted national attention for his unsuccessful campaign against Ted Cruz in the 2018 Senate election in Texas. If elected, he would be the first president from Texas since George W. Bush, and the first Democratic president from Texas since Lyndon B. Johnson. O'Rourke gained prominence on the national stage for challenging incumbent Republican Senator Ted Cruz in the 2018 Senate election in Texas. He lost by a margin of less than three percent, making the race one of the tightest that year. His Senate campaign earned him a reputation as an effective fundraiser; he raised more than $38 million in the third quarter of 2018 alone, about three times as much as Cruz raised during the same period, and raised a total of about $80 million throughout his campaign. His $80 million haul is the highest amount of money ever raised by a Senate candidate to date. In late 2018, speculation began that O'Rourke might run in the 2020 United States presidential election. Before the midterm elections, \"The New Republic\" claimed that O'Rourke's Senate campaign was laying the groundwork for a potential presidential bid, especially since he was likely to lose his Senate race. However, O'Rourke had repeatedly ruled out a presidential bid when asked on the campaign trail. He told MSNBC, \"I will not be a candidate for president in 2020. That\u2019s, I think, as definitive as those sentences get.\" After losing the Senate race in Texas, O'Rourke mentioned at a town hall meeting that he and his wife had made a decision not to rule anything out.", "Terry Sullivan (political consultant) Terry Sullivan is an American political consultant. He is a founding partner of the consulting firm Firehouse Strategies. Sullivan attended the University of North Carolina at Greensboro from 1992 to 1995. He then served as youth coordinator for North Carolina Senator Jesse Helms during his successful 1996 Senate bid, before graduating with a bachelor\u2019s degree from the University of North Carolina at Wilmington in 1997. Sullivan was Campaign Manager for Jim DeMint's Senate campaign from May 2003 to December 2004. He was credited with helping DeMint secure his seat in the first run. In 2006, he was regional political director for the National Republican Senatorial Committee. From 2006 to 2011, he worked as the managing partner at First Tuesday Strategies, a political and grassroots consulting firm based in South Carolina. In that position, he helped various Republican officials in their successful campaigns, including four new Members of Congress and six U.S. Senators. He served as senior adviser to Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison's U.S. Senate campaign in 2006 and later as senior adviser to her 2010 gubernatorial campaign in Texas. During the 2008 election cycle, Sullivan then served as Mitt Romney's campaign manager for the South Carolina primary. In 2010, Sullivan was the lead strategist for Congressman Trey Gowdy\u2019s victory over incumbent congressman Bob Inglis in the primary That year he also advised Marco Rubio\u2019s 2010 Senate campaign and in 2011 was hired by Rubio as his Deputy Chief of Staff. He served in this position until December 2012, when he founded and ran Reclaim America, Rubio's leadership PAC. During the 2012 election cycle the PAC raised $1.8 million and during the cycle of 2014, $3.9 million. In 2016, Sullivan served as Campaign Manager on Senator Rubio\u2019s presidential campaign, coordinating a budget of over $50 million with more than a hundred staffers around the country.", "The Federal Election Commission (FEC) found that Frist's 2000 Senate campaign committee, Frist 2000, Inc., violated federal campaign finance laws. \" In June 2000, Senator Frist took $1 million of the money that had been contributed to his 2000 Senate campaign and invested it in the stock market, where it promptly began losing money. In November 2000, Senator Frist sought to collect $1.2 million he had lent his 1994 Senate campaign committee. As a result of the stock market losses, however, Frist 2000, Inc. did not have enough money to repay the loan. Senator Frist solved this problem by having the 1994 and the 2000 campaign committees jointly take out a $1.44 million bank loan at a cost of $10,000 a month interest. Frist 2000, Inc. did not report this debt on its FEC disclosure forms.\" Frist paid a civil fine of $11,000 in a settlement with the FEC. Frist was questioned in 2005 by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) about stock sales allegedly based on inside information. The investigation closed after 18 months and no charges were filed. In the Terri Schiavo case, a brain-damaged woman whose husband wanted to remove her gastric feeding tube, Frist opposed the removal and in a speech delivered on the Senate Floor, challenged the diagnosis of Schiavo's physicians of Schiavo being in a persistent vegetative state (PVS) : \"I question it based on a review of the video footage which I spent an hour or so looking at last night in my office\". Frist was criticized by a medical ethicist at Northwestern University for making a diagnosis without personally examining the patient and for questioning the diagnosis when he was not a neurologist.", "Older brother Pete Ricketts is the current governor of Nebraska. Her brother Tom is chairman of the Chicago Cubs, and the chief executive officer of Incapital LLC. He is also a director of TD Ameritrade Holding Corporation. Her youngest brother, Todd also lives in Chicago. In 2013, Ricketts was inducted into the Chicago Gay and Lesbian Hall of Fame. Ricketts is a Democrat, unlike her parents and her siblings (who are all notable Republicans). Ricketts is liberal and a LGBTQ activist. Ricketts had served as the chairwoman of LPAC, a lesbian Super PAC. Ricketts was a top bundler for Barack Obama's re-election campaign during the 2012 presidential election. Ricketts was also a supporter of Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign in the Democratic primaries and the general election. In announcing LPAC's April 2015 endorsement of Clinton, Ricketts said, \"We are proud to endorse Hillary Clinton as she begins her run for the White House. Hillary is an unyielding advocate for LGBTQ women. Our endorsement today represents LPAC\u2019s strong support of her candidacy.\" Ricketts was a top bundler for the Clinton campaign. Clinton herself personally attended a campaign fundraiser that Laura and her wife Brooke hosted at their Wilmette home in July 2016. In addition to supporting Clinton as a donor and fundraiser, Ricketts supported several Democrats running for other offices in the 2016 elections. Ricketts gave personal donations that year to Jan Schakowsky's congressional re-election campaign, Tammy Duckworth's senate campaign, Maggie Hassan's senate campaign, and Russ Feingold's senate campaign. Ricketts also donated to the Hillary Victory Fund, a joint fundraising committee benefiting both state parties and the Clinton campaign."], "answer": {"text": "On December 21, 2005, Pirro dropped out of the Senate race after continuing pressure from party chiefs.", "answer_start": 1298}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Pirro seek office?", "answer": {"text": "On August 10, 2005, Pirro announced that she would seek the Republican nomination to challenge first-term incumbent senator Hillary Clinton,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What office was she trying to get?", "answer": {"text": "in the 2006 election for U.S. Senator from New York.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did she run against on the republican side?", "answer": {"text": "Other Republicans who announced campaigns for the nomination were John Spencer, a former mayor of Yonkers, William Brenner, an attorney in Sullivan County, and attorney Edward Cox,", "answer_start": 206, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened during her campaign?", "answer": {"text": "In a widely publicized moment when she was declaring her candidacy, Pirro misplaced page 10 of her speech and went silent for 32 seconds,", "answer_start": 437, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she embarrassed?", "answer": {"text": "something that is widely considered to have damaged her campaign before it even started.", "answer_start": 575, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5676c88c9e254c0b9ebfa5ffd5d1a315_0_q#6", "question": "What issues was the campaign having?", "rewrite": "What issues was the campaign having?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["7 Billion Actions 7 Billion Actions is a worldwide campaign established by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in 2011 to commemorate the world population milestone of 7 billion people. UNFPA is a United Nations organization that works on population and development issues, with an emphasis on reproductive health and gender equality. 7 Billion Actions works with multiple corporations, organizations and individuals to address the 7 Key Issues such as poverty, gender equality, youth, ageing, urbanization, environment, and reproductive health and rights. The UN has declared the World Population surpassing 7 billion on 31 October 2011. Prior to this date, the UN celebrated the Day of Six Billion in October 1999. The Day of Seven Billion, October 31, 2011, is the day that has been officially designated by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) as the approximate day on which the total world population reached a population of seven billion people. United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon spoke at the United Nations building in New York City on this milestone in the size of world population about the issues that it will raise, along with promoting 7 Billion Actions. The 7 Billion Actions Campaign aims to raise awareness of key population issues such as reproductive health, poverty, women empowerment, youth, environment sustainability, ageing, and urbanization, by encouraging people to take actions and recommit to humanity. The campaign will count and showcase 7 billion online and offline actions that tell the story of the people behind the number and the connections they share with each other and the issues they each face. The 7 Billion Actions Campaign centers on highlighting individuals and organizations making significant impact and creating innovative solutions in the 7 key issues identified as most imperative for the growing global population. 7BillionActions.org: Showcases stories, interviews, and news. In-depth platform to help individuals connect and take action with efforts taking place near them or across the globe.", "In October 2013 the Brighton local launched a campaign to organise hospitality workers in the city. Spearheaded by Solidarity Federation members working in the sector, the campaign focuses on building solidarity amongst workers across the sector and taking action regarding issues including below minimum wage pay, long shifts without breaks, the lack of written or verbal contracts, unpaid overtime, unlawful deductions from wages and no holiday entitlement. Weekly drop in sessions are held for workers in the sector to bring issues and to discuss potential campaigns of action. A campaign will usually begin with a demand letter being presented to the employer, stating the grievance, what is demanded and the timescale within which these demands should be met otherwise the campaign will be escalated. Tactics for escalation include boycotts, publicity, phone and email blockades and pickets of the workplace. As much as possible the campaign seeks to involve the worker and their colleagues in the campaign and to involve workers from other disputes. The Brighton Solidarity Federation website mentions 21 previous disputes, with \u00a338,830.50 in owed wages and holiday entitlement listed as having been paid. A similar campaign was launched by hospitality workers in the Liverpool local in August 2017. Since 2015, the Brighton local has been publicly campaigning on issues around rented housing. Similar to the hospitality workers campaign the local holds weekly drop ins to help tenants to organise around issues including agency fees, withheld deposits and poor housing conditions. It has been involved in a number of campaigns targeting landlords and estate agents who provide substandard housing or withhold money owed. One article from November 2017 mentions three successful cases from the proceeding three months. The cases led to \u00a36,510 being paid to tenants as compensation and to repairs being carried out as a result of the campaign. In June 2017 Bristol local founded the Bristol Care Workers Network.", "We Belong Together (campaign) The We Belong Together Campaign is anchored by the National Domestic Workers Alliance and the Asian Pacific American Women's Forum along with other groups throughout the United States. We Belong Together is an initiative that is taking place all over the United States, which seeks to bring together women from across the nation to bring attention to immigration laws that impact women. The campaign also gathers women together to fight for immigration reform. This campaign was formed to address issues that are not taking into account the experiences of women, who make up the majority of the immigrant population in the United States. The campaign offers a gender-based analysis and focuses on the importance of maintaining nuclear families together. The campaign was created on Mother's Day in 2010 after a group of women from the National Domestic Workers Alliance and the Asian Pacific American Women's Forum traveled to Arizona to investigate the ways in which anti-immigrant law SB1070 would impact women, children, and families. There, these women found that a large number of families were being separated and deported and that a large number of women were suffering from violence which their immigration status prevented them from seeking help in many of these cases. The immigration system in place did not address any of these women's issues. The co-chairs of the campaign are currently Andrea Mercado and Miriam Yeung. The campaign is designed to unify and empower women, despite their immigration status, and to mobilize them in efforts to demand a just and fair immigration process be established. They argue that women and children are the face of immigration and thus policies must be implemented that will focus on this population that has been very much ignored. We Belong Together mobilizes women to work towards a \"common sense\" immigration reform to keep families together. The campaign also focuses on issues that directly affect women that are currently not being addressed such as violence and domestic abuse.", "White Hands Campaign The White Hands Campaign (Arabic: \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621) is an international media initiative aimed at promoting awareness of women's rights in the Arab world. Launched in collaboration with the Arab Producers Union for TV (APUTV) in 2009, it seeks to invest in media projects \u2013 audio, print and visual \u2013 that support women's issues, with the ultimate goal of attaining complete equality in all spheres of Arab society. Calling itself \"The Largest Media Campaign to Support Women's Issues,\" it boasts of having partnered with more than 65 television channels. In February 2011, the White Hands Campaign drew criticism for its inclusion of Dalal Mughrabi, a Palestinian terrorist involved in the 1978 massacre of 37 Israeli civilians and an American photographer, in its Distinguished Women series. Consequently, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), whose logo had appeared as a sponsor of the White Hands Campaign, issued a statement denying any involvement and further clarifying that it \"condemns any acts of violence that take the lives of innocent people.\" In 2009 the Arab Producers' Union for TV (APUTV), an organization affiliated with the Arab League, launched an international media initiative aimed at raising awareness to a variety of women's issues in the Arab world, including health, education, employment and social standing. It was given the name The White Hands Campaign. According to the campaign's English website, \"Women face all kinds of violence, and are deprived [of] many rights such as their right to education and work. \" The campaign endeavors to remedy this reality by tapping into the potential offered by the modern media, creating audio, video and print programs that showcase feminine creativity and empower women.", ": Robert Dole Campaign: Martin compiled an \"Issues Book\" for the campaign of Robert Dole building on the methodology and presentation of the 1988 Bush Issues Book. He was also commended by Dole for his effort in the following letter. 2000: George W. Bush Campaign Martin prepared a national security transition memo at the time of the election of George W. Bush outlining the first year's national security priorities. 2008 : John McCain Campaign Martin prepared a national security issues paper and calendar for the campaign of John McCain. World Resources Institute: Martin joined the board of the World Resources Institute in 1998 and served as WRI's Chairman of the Development Committee. He was instrumental in conceptualizing the October 2000 \"Digital Dividends\" conference between leading environmentalists and technology leaders, including Bill Gates, on reducing the digital divide. Trilateral Commission: In 1997, he was the lead author of a Trilateral Commission study, \"Maintaining Energy Security in a Global Context\". His co-authors were Helga Stegg and the Japanese Ambassador to the United Nations Disarmament Conference, Ryukichi Imai. The report was translated into French, German and Japanese. Nuclear Energy Advisory Committee: Martin is a member of the Department of Energy's Nuclear Energy Advisory Committee and served as Chairman from 2002 to 2012. Appointed under the Administration of George W. Bush in 2002, Martin oversaw the sixteen person committee responsible for advising the Department of Energy on four key areas: nuclear reactor research & development (including Gen-IV reactors); technology issues related to fuel cycle; infrastructure requirements for DOE national laboratories; and international nuclear issues (including non-proliferation, safety and security). In 2008, NEAC released the report, \"Nuclear Energy: Policies and Technology for the 21st Century\", to provide a bipartisan approach to nuclear energy and technology road map for advancing safe nuclear energy worldwide."], "answer": {"text": "This decision was reached after a lagging fundraising effort and polls that showed she would be easily defeated by Clinton (", "answer_start": 1402}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Pirro seek office?", "answer": {"text": "On August 10, 2005, Pirro announced that she would seek the Republican nomination to challenge first-term incumbent senator Hillary Clinton,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What office was she trying to get?", "answer": {"text": "in the 2006 election for U.S. Senator from New York.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did she run against on the republican side?", "answer": {"text": "Other Republicans who announced campaigns for the nomination were John Spencer, a former mayor of Yonkers, William Brenner, an attorney in Sullivan County, and attorney Edward Cox,", "answer_start": 206, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened during her campaign?", "answer": {"text": "In a widely publicized moment when she was declaring her candidacy, Pirro misplaced page 10 of her speech and went silent for 32 seconds,", "answer_start": 437, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she embarrassed?", "answer": {"text": "something that is widely considered to have damaged her campaign before it even started.", "answer_start": 575, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the senate campaign?", "answer": {"text": "On December 21, 2005, Pirro dropped out of the Senate race after continuing pressure from party chiefs.", "answer_start": 1298, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5676c88c9e254c0b9ebfa5ffd5d1a315_0_q#7", "question": "Did she speak after dropping out?", "rewrite": "Did Pirro speak after dropping out?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Pirro Pirro may refer to: An Albanian given name; derived from Greek \"Pyrrhos\" (Latinized as \"Pyrrhus\") (flame-coloured, red-haired). As an Italian name, it is derived either from the aforementioned Greek name or from a variant of the name \"Pierro\" (from Peter). Pirro or DiPirro originates from the name \"di Pirro\" or \"DiPirro\" meaning \"of Pirro\" or \"family of Pirro\". Pirro comes from the historical figure of Pyrrhus of Epirus (319/318 BC \u2013 272 BC). The Pirro family originated in ancient Greece and \"Great Greece\" or \"Magna Graecia\", the name of the coastal areas of Southern Italy on the Tarentine Gulf that were extensively colonized by Greek settlers. Pirro people, commonly called Yine people, an indigenous tribe in the Peruvian Amazon", "In 1975, Carl Vergari appointed Pirro to the position of Assistant District Attorney of Westchester County, where she began her career by writing appeals and handling minor cases. In 1977, Pirro approached Vergari and requested that he apply for a federal grant for local district attorney's offices to establish bureaus that specialized in domestic violence. She hoped that Vergari would take advantage of potential funding as well as a 1977 change in New York law that moved many domestic violence cases from family court to criminal court. Vergari agreed to apply, and his office became one of four in the nation to win the grant. In 1978, he appointed Pirro to be the first chief of the new Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Bureau. Pirro was known to be an aggressive bureau chief. Due to possible coercion, she had a strict policy against dropping cases at a victim's request. Many people praised Pirro for her passion as Domestic Violence Bureau Chief, but she attracted increasing criticism from colleagues due her attention-grabbing behavior and violations of tradition. On multiple occasions, Chief District Attorney Vergari spoke to Pirro concerning her violation of office policy. She had issued press releases with her own name--and not Vergari's--on top. The relationship between Pirro and Vergari disintegrated in the late 1980s, after Pirro claimed sole responsibility for the establishment of the Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Bureau. On June 1, 1990, just five months prior to Pirro's first appearance on the ballot for County Court Judge, she attracted widespread attention and some criticism for rushing to conduct a bedside arraignment of Maria Amaya at the Intensive Care Unit of United Hospital in Port Chester. Amaya had been charged with four counts of second-degree murder for the deaths of her four children.", "In 1975, Carl Vergari appointed Pirro to the position of Assistant District Attorney of Westchester County, where she began her career by writing appeals and handling minor cases. In 1977, Pirro approached Vergari and requested that he apply for a federal grant for local district attorney's offices to establish bureaus that specialized in domestic violence. She hoped that Vergari would take advantage of potential funding as well as a 1977 change in New York law that moved many domestic violence cases from family court to criminal court. Vergari agreed to apply, and his office became one of four in the nation to win the grant. In 1978, he appointed Pirro to be the first chief of the new Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Bureau. Pirro was known to be an aggressive bureau chief. Due to possible coercion, she had a strict policy against dropping cases at a victim's request. Many people praised Pirro for her passion as Domestic Violence Bureau Chief, but she attracted increasing criticism from colleagues due her attention-grabbing behavior and violations of tradition. On multiple occasions, Chief District Attorney Vergari spoke to Pirro concerning her violation of office policy. She had issued press releases with her own name--and not Vergari's--on top. The relationship between Pirro and Vergari disintegrated in the late 1980s, after Pirro claimed sole responsibility for the establishment of the Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Bureau. On June 1, 1990, just five months prior to Pirro's first appearance on the ballot for County Court Judge, she attracted widespread attention and some criticism for rushing to conduct a bedside arraignment of Maria Amaya at the Intensive Care Unit of United Hospital in Port Chester. Amaya had been charged with four counts of second-degree murder for the deaths of her four children.", "She was a 36-year-old immigrant from El Salvador who had a history of being hospitalized for mental issues. Amaya had killed the four children and attempted suicide after believing that they were being corrupted by drugs and sex. Vergari had served as district attorney for Pirro's entire tenure as an assistant district attorney and her time on the bench. In 1999, he critiqued Pirro as \"bright and capable\" and someone who \"plays hardball seeking publicity\" but is also \"very self-centered in everything she does\". During a 1986 abortive campaign for lieutenant governor, Pirro claimed to have never lost a case in \"about 50 trials\". This number was disputed when presented in 2005 to colleagues, who said that the real number of trials personally handled by Pirro \"wasn't more than 10\". Pirro's then-spokesman, Anne Marie Corbalis, contended only that Pirro had a \"100% felony conviction rate\" as an Assistant District Attorney. In November 1993, Pirro was elected Westchester County District Attorney; she was the first woman to hold that position. She was re-elected in 1997 and 2001. On May 23, 2005, Pirro announced that she would not seek re-election to a fourth term as Westchester County District Attorney. On December 31, 1993--within hours of Pirro's midnight inauguration as District Attorney--Scripps newspaper heiress Anne Scripps Douglas was savagely bludgeoned in the head with a skull hammer by her estranged husband, Scott Douglas (who subsequently committed suicide by jumping off the Tappan Zee Bridge), as she slept in their Bronxville home. By the time police arrived, Scott Douglas had fled the scene, and Anne Scripps Douglas died in hospital on January 6.", "Love you?\"). Pirro arrives with the grandees and his retinue, who announce that he has changed his mind and will return to Ermione (Chorus: \"Alfin l'Eroe da forte\" / \"At last, the resolute hero\"). Pirro then tells Oreste, to the astonishment of everyone, that he will, after all, hand over Astianatte to him. (Ermione, then the others and Pirro: \"Sperar, poss'io?\" ... \" A me Astianatte \" / \"Should I, can I, hope?\" ... \"Bring Astianatte here\") As the guards prepare to do so, Andromaca pleads with Pirro to give her time to think. Ermione is furious, and Pirro again rejects her. Andromaca vows to commit suicide if she is compelled to marry Pirro, while Pilade urges Oreste to leave with him. The Act ends in general consternation. \"The palace's entrance hall\" Andromaca arrives to tell Pirro that she will marry him. Overjoyed, he sends Attalo away to release Astianatte and make preparations for the wedding. Andromaca, unhappy, swears to herself that she will not be unfaithful to her dead husband, and while Pirro urges her to make her vows at the altar, she again resolves to kill herself (Duet: \"Ombra del caro sposo ... Vieni a giurar \" / \"Ghost of my dear husband ... Come and swear at the altar\"). Pirro leaves. Andromaca decides that, before she dies, she will make Pirro swear that Astianatte will be spared."], "answer": {"text": "she said \"I have decided that my law enforcement background better qualifies me for a race for New York State attorney general than a race for the United States Senate.", "answer_start": 1632}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Pirro seek office?", "answer": {"text": "On August 10, 2005, Pirro announced that she would seek the Republican nomination to challenge first-term incumbent senator Hillary Clinton,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What office was she trying to get?", "answer": {"text": "in the 2006 election for U.S. Senator from New York.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did she run against on the republican side?", "answer": {"text": "Other Republicans who announced campaigns for the nomination were John Spencer, a former mayor of Yonkers, William Brenner, an attorney in Sullivan County, and attorney Edward Cox,", "answer_start": 206, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened during her campaign?", "answer": {"text": "In a widely publicized moment when she was declaring her candidacy, Pirro misplaced page 10 of her speech and went silent for 32 seconds,", "answer_start": 437, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she embarrassed?", "answer": {"text": "something that is widely considered to have damaged her campaign before it even started.", "answer_start": 575, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the senate campaign?", "answer": {"text": "On December 21, 2005, Pirro dropped out of the Senate race after continuing pressure from party chiefs.", "answer_start": 1298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What issues was the campaign having?", "answer": {"text": "This decision was reached after a lagging fundraising effort and polls that showed she would be easily defeated by Clinton (", "answer_start": 1402, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5676c88c9e254c0b9ebfa5ffd5d1a315_0_q#8", "question": "Is there anything else she did?", "rewrite": "Besides racing for New York State attorney general Is there anything else Pirro did?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["She carried all but four of New York's sixty-two counties. It was the second-largest margin of victory for a Senate race in New York history, and the third-largest for a statewide race in New York. Clinton's 2006 margin did not quite equal the percentage received by Eliot Spitzer in the concurrent gubernatorial race (69%%\u201329%) nor by Charles Schumer in his 2004 Senate re-election campaign (71%%\u201324%) , both of which had also been against little-known Republican opponents. Jeanine Pirro would go on to get the Republican nomination for New York State Attorney General, but lost in the 2006 attorney general election to Democrat Andrew Cuomo. Clinton was criticized by some Democrats for spending too much in a one-sided contest, while some supporters were concerned she did not leave more funds for a potential presidential bid in 2008. In the following months she transferred $10 million of her Senate funds toward her 2008 presidential campaign. Following her Attorney General loss, Pirro left electoral politics and became a television judge and political commentator. Spencer left politics altogether. Tasani ran for a House seat in 2010 but was not competitive. Clinton fell short in her 2008 presidential nomination bid, served as U.S. Secretary of State for four years, and then ran again in the 2016 United States presidential election but suffered a general election loss. The candidate from this 2006 senate campaign whose officeholding instanced furthest into the future turned out to be McFarland, who in 2017 became U.S. Deputy National Security Advisor. Candidate pages", "Chauncey Parker Chauncey Parker is an executive assistant district attorney in the office of Manhattan DA Cyrus Vance, Jr. He was formerly the Director of Criminal Justice Services in New York. He was appointed to the position in 2002 by Gov. George Pataki and served until the end of the Pataki Administration in 2007. He was a potential candidate for New York State Attorney General in 2006 as a Republican. A graduate of Rollins College and Duke University School of Law, Director Parker is a lifelong New York resident. He spent six years as an Assistant District Attorney in Manhattan and then 10 years as an Assistant United States Attorney in Manhattan. During his career as a prosecutor, Parker worked on gang and narcotics crimes. As Director of Criminal Justice Services, he was Pataki's chief criminal justice advisor and oversees the state's criminal justice agencies. Parker was reported to be Pataki's choice to run for state attorney general in 2006. He spoke at Republican candidates' forums and has granted press interviews about a potential race. He did not run for attorney general as the Republican nomination went to former Westchester District Attorney Jeanine Pirro. Parker serves as a member of the Board of Directors of the Police Athletic League of New York City, a nonprofit youth development agency that serves inner-city children and teenagers.", "On August 10, 2005, Pirro announced that she would seek the Republican nomination to challenge first-term incumbent senator Hillary Clinton, a Democrat, in the 2006 election for U.S. Senator from New York. Other Republicans who announced campaigns for the nomination were John Spencer, a former mayor of Yonkers, William Brenner, an attorney in Sullivan County, and attorney Edward Cox, the son-in-law of former president Richard Nixon. In a widely publicized moment when she was declaring her candidacy, Pirro misplaced page 10 of her speech and went silent for 32 seconds, something that is widely considered to have damaged her campaign before it even started. During an appearance at the Crime Victims Resource Center, Pirro described herself this way: \"I am red on fiscal policy. I am conservative and I support the Bush tax cut.\" She added, however: \"I have broad blue stripes when it comes to social issues... I am a woman who is a moderate in New York.\" Republican governor George Pataki's endorsement of Pirro caused Cox to withdraw from the race, leaving Pirro as the likely nominee. Donors to Pirro's political campaign included designer Tommy Hilfiger (also a native of Elmira) and Donald Trump, as well as contractors and real estate executives who had done business with her husband. On December 21, 2005, Pirro dropped out of the Senate race after continuing pressure from party chiefs. This decision was reached after a lagging fundraising effort and polls that showed she would be easily defeated by Clinton (a Quinnipiac University poll found Pirro would lose to Clinton 62 percent to 30 percent). In a statement, she said \"I have decided that my law enforcement background better qualifies me for a race for New York State attorney general than a race for the United States Senate.\"", "Pirro, already known as a passionate prosecutor of domestic violence cases, was a frequent presence in the media during the period between the murder and when Scott Douglas's body washed ashore in Riverdale in early March 1994. This increase in Pirro's national profile led to her surfacing as a frequent guest on network and cable television news in June 1994, when O.J. Simpson was arrested for the murder of his ex-wife, appearing frequently as a talking head for Nightline, Larry King Live, and Geraldo. Within months of taking office, Pirro undertook a costly renovation to the district attorney's facilities and expanded to an additional floor of the county courthouse. The largest expenses were a new kitchenette and a media room, costing $20,000, to assist Pirro's growing profile; additional expenditures also came to remodel her personal office with mahogany. Pirro was the first female president of the New York State District Attorneys Association. Also while district attorney, she was appointed by then Governor George Pataki to chair the New York State Commission on Domestic Violence Fatality Review Board. Its report and recommendations resulted in legislation passing that enhanced protections of, and safeguards for, the victims of domestic abuse. Pirro made her biggest procedural mistake as district attorney when she repeatedly refused to reopen the murder case of Jeffrey Deskovic. In 1990, Deskovic was falsely convicted of killing a 15-year-old girl and spent 16 years in prison before he was exonerated by DNA evidence. On May 26, 1986, Pirro, then an assistant district attorney, was announced as the running mate of Westchester County Executive and presumptive Republican gubernatorial nominee Andrew O'Rourke at a press conference in Manhattan's Roosevelt Hotel.", "Democrats re-aired the sequence as part of a \"Jeopardy!\" theme parody. The Conservative Party of New York was also reluctant to embrace Pirro. On August 18, 2005, another Republican candidate, former Mayor of Yonkers John Spencer, gave a radio interview in which he attacked Pirro, calling her chances of winning the Conservative Party of New York State nomination \"a Chinaman's chance.\" Spencer later apologized. On October 14, 2005, Governor Pataki endorsed Pirro. Later that day, Cox withdrew from the race; his campaign had raised only $114,249 in contributions in the prior three months. On October 18, 2005, remarks by Pirro that appeared to suggest that Democrats were indifferent to child molesters and murderers drew sharp criticism from the Clinton campaign and others. Pirro trailed Clinton badly in fund-raising and in polls; her campaign had failed to gain traction. Under pressure from state party officials, she dropped out of the race on December 21, 2005, to run for New York State Attorney General instead, leaving the Republicans without a well-known candidate. The announcement was timed to coincide with the 2005 New York City transit strike, so as to draw minimal attention to the Republicans' difficulties. Pirro did not mention her campaign woes, but instead said, \"I have concluded that my head and my heart remain in law enforcement, and that my public service should continue to be in that arena.\" Declared Republican nominees now included Spencer and K. T. McFarland, who was a Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs under President Ronald Reagan. Cox considered reentering the race but did not. Politically, Spencer was generally opposed to abortion, against gun control, and a supporter of tighter border security. He supported the George W. Bush administration and its policies, including the war in Iraq."], "answer": {"text": "During an appearance at the Crime Victims Resource Center, Pirro described herself this way: \"I am red on fiscal policy. I am conservative and I support the Bush tax cut.", "answer_start": 664}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Pirro seek office?", "answer": {"text": "On August 10, 2005, Pirro announced that she would seek the Republican nomination to challenge first-term incumbent senator Hillary Clinton,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What office was she trying to get?", "answer": {"text": "in the 2006 election for U.S. Senator from New York.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did she run against on the republican side?", "answer": {"text": "Other Republicans who announced campaigns for the nomination were John Spencer, a former mayor of Yonkers, William Brenner, an attorney in Sullivan County, and attorney Edward Cox,", "answer_start": 206, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened during her campaign?", "answer": {"text": "In a widely publicized moment when she was declaring her candidacy, Pirro misplaced page 10 of her speech and went silent for 32 seconds,", "answer_start": 437, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she embarrassed?", "answer": {"text": "something that is widely considered to have damaged her campaign before it even started.", "answer_start": 575, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the senate campaign?", "answer": {"text": "On December 21, 2005, Pirro dropped out of the Senate race after continuing pressure from party chiefs.", "answer_start": 1298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What issues was the campaign having?", "answer": {"text": "This decision was reached after a lagging fundraising effort and polls that showed she would be easily defeated by Clinton (", "answer_start": 1402, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she speak after dropping out?", "answer": {"text": "she said \"I have decided that my law enforcement background better qualifies me for a race for New York State attorney general than a race for the United States Senate.", "answer_start": 1632, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5676c88c9e254c0b9ebfa5ffd5d1a315_0_q#9", "question": "What else did she support?", "rewrite": "In addition to supporting the Bush tax cut what else did Pirro support?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Comparing 2001 and 2008, the lowest and highest quintiles of the income distribution had a larger share of the after-tax income, while the middle three quintiles had a lower share. Further, income inequality can be measured both before-tax and after-tax, so the Bush tax cuts primarily impacted the latter measurements. President Bush did not take deliberate steps to address pre-tax inequality, which involves policies such as raising the minimum wage, strengthening collective bargaining power (unions), limiting executive pay, and protectionism. CBO reported that the top 1% paid an average total federal tax rate of 32.5% in 2000, 30.1% in 2004, and 28.2% in 2008. The top 1% paid an average federal income tax rate of 24.5% in 2000 and 20.4% in 2008. In terms of increasing inequality, the effect of Bush's tax cuts on the upper, middle and lower class is contentious. Some economists argue that the cuts have benefited the nation's richest households at the expense of the middle and lower class, while libertarians and conservatives have claimed that tax cuts have benefitted all taxpayers. Economists Peter Orszag and William Gale described the Bush tax cuts as reverse government redistribution of wealth, \"[shifting] the burden of taxation away from upper-income, capital-owning households and toward the wage-earning households of the lower and middle classes.\" This would suggest that the Bush tax cut policy was highly regressive, but some writers, notably at the Koch-funded Tax Foundation, argue that the concept of a progressive tax should be detached from its traditional association with income redistribution, noting that since the share of income of the most wealthy rose so much during the period, their share of the total tax burden went up even as their tax rates went down.", "David Harper claims that some economists dismiss the theory as offering \"nothing particularly new or controversial as an updated view of classical economics\". In a 2012 survey, when asked whether a \"cut in federal income tax rates in the US right now would raise taxable income enough so that the annual total tax revenue would be higher within five years than without the tax cut\", none of the economists surveyed by the University of Chicago agreed. 35% agreed with the statement \"a cut in federal income tax rates in the US right now would lead to higher GDP within five years than without the tax cut\". The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has estimated that extending the Bush tax cuts beyond their 2010 expiration would increase the deficit by $1.8 trillion over 10 years. The CBO also completed a study in 2005 analyzing a hypothetical 10% income tax cut and concluded that under various scenarios there would be minimal offsets to the loss of revenue. In other words, deficits would increase by nearly the same amount as the tax cut in the first five years with limited feedback revenue thereafter. Cutting marginal tax rates can also be perceived as primarily beneficial to the wealthy, which some see as politically rather than economically motivated:", "On August 10, 2005, Pirro announced that she would seek the Republican nomination to challenge first-term incumbent senator Hillary Clinton, a Democrat, in the 2006 election for U.S. Senator from New York. Other Republicans who announced campaigns for the nomination were John Spencer, a former mayor of Yonkers, William Brenner, an attorney in Sullivan County, and attorney Edward Cox, the son-in-law of former president Richard Nixon. In a widely publicized moment when she was declaring her candidacy, Pirro misplaced page 10 of her speech and went silent for 32 seconds, something that is widely considered to have damaged her campaign before it even started. During an appearance at the Crime Victims Resource Center, Pirro described herself this way: \"I am red on fiscal policy. I am conservative and I support the Bush tax cut.\" She added, however: \"I have broad blue stripes when it comes to social issues... I am a woman who is a moderate in New York.\" Republican governor George Pataki's endorsement of Pirro caused Cox to withdraw from the race, leaving Pirro as the likely nominee. Donors to Pirro's political campaign included designer Tommy Hilfiger (also a native of Elmira) and Donald Trump, as well as contractors and real estate executives who had done business with her husband. On December 21, 2005, Pirro dropped out of the Senate race after continuing pressure from party chiefs. This decision was reached after a lagging fundraising effort and polls that showed she would be easily defeated by Clinton (a Quinnipiac University poll found Pirro would lose to Clinton 62 percent to 30 percent). In a statement, she said \"I have decided that my law enforcement background better qualifies me for a race for New York State attorney general than a race for the United States Senate.\"", "Economists' statement opposing the Bush tax cuts The Economists' statement opposing the Bush tax cuts was a statement signed by roughly 450 economists, including ten of the twenty-four American Nobel Prize laureates alive at the time, in February 2003 who urged the U.S. President George W. Bush not to enact the 2003 tax cuts; seeking and sought to gather public support for the position. The statement was printed as a full-page ad in \"The New York Times\" and released to the public through the Economic Policy Institute. According to the statement, the 450 plus economists who signed the statement believe that the 2003 Bush tax cuts will increase inequality and the budget deficit, decreasing the ability of the U.S. government to fund essential services, while failing to produce economic growth. In rebuttal, 250 plus economists who supported the tax plan wrote that the new plan would \"create more employment, economic growth, and opportunities for all Americans.\" The statement reads as follows: Economic growth, though positive, has not been sufficient to generate jobs and prevent unemployment from rising. In fact, there are now more than two million fewer private sector jobs than at the start of the current recession. Overcapacity, corporate scandals, and uncertainty have and will continue to weigh down the economy. The tax cut plan proposed by President Bush is not the answer to these problems. Regardless of how one views the specifics of the Bush plan, there is wide agreement that its purpose is a permanent change in the tax structure and not the creation of jobs and growth in the near-term. The permanent dividend tax cut, in particular, is not credible as a short-term stimulus. As tax reform, the dividend tax cut is misdirected in that it targets individuals rather than corporations, is overly complex, and could be, but is not, part of a revenue-neutral tax reform effort.", "The non-partisan Congressional Budget Office has consistently reported that the Bush tax cuts (EGTRRA and JGTRRA) did not pay for themselves and represented a sizable decline in revenue for the Treasury: House Minority Leader Richard Gephardt said the middle class will not benefit enough from the tax cut and the wealthy will reap unfairly high benefits. Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle argued that the tax cut is too large, too generous to the rich and too expensive. Economists, including the Treasury Secretary at the time Paul O'Neill and 450 economists, including ten Nobel prize laureates, who contacted Bush in 2003, opposed the 2003 tax cuts on the grounds that they would fail as a growth stimulus, increase inequality and worsen the budget outlook considerably (see Economists' statement opposing the Bush tax cuts). Some argued the effects of the tax cuts have been as promised as revenues actually increased (although income tax revenues fell), the recession of 2001 ended relatively quickly, and economic growth was positive. The tax cuts had been largely opposed by American economists, including the Bush administration's own Economic Advisement Council. In 2003, 450 economists, including ten Nobel Prize laureate, signed the Economists' statement opposing the Bush tax cuts, sent to President Bush stating that \"these tax cuts will worsen the long-term budget outlook... will reduce the capacity of the government to finance Social Security and Medicare benefits as well as investments in schools, health, infrastructure, and basic research... [and] generate further inequalities in after-tax income.\" The Bush administration had claimed, based on the concept of the Laffer Curve, that the tax cuts actually paid for the themselves by generating enough extra revenue from additional economic growth to offset the lower taxation rates. However, income tax revenues in dollar terms did not regain their FY 2000 peak until 2006."], "answer": {"text": "\"I have broad blue stripes when it comes to social issues... I am a woman who is a moderate in New York.\"", "answer_start": 856}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Pirro seek office?", "answer": {"text": "On August 10, 2005, Pirro announced that she would seek the Republican nomination to challenge first-term incumbent senator Hillary Clinton,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What office was she trying to get?", "answer": {"text": "in the 2006 election for U.S. Senator from New York.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did she run against on the republican side?", "answer": {"text": "Other Republicans who announced campaigns for the nomination were John Spencer, a former mayor of Yonkers, William Brenner, an attorney in Sullivan County, and attorney Edward Cox,", "answer_start": 206, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened during her campaign?", "answer": {"text": "In a widely publicized moment when she was declaring her candidacy, Pirro misplaced page 10 of her speech and went silent for 32 seconds,", "answer_start": 437, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she embarrassed?", "answer": {"text": "something that is widely considered to have damaged her campaign before it even started.", "answer_start": 575, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the senate campaign?", "answer": {"text": "On December 21, 2005, Pirro dropped out of the Senate race after continuing pressure from party chiefs.", "answer_start": 1298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What issues was the campaign having?", "answer": {"text": "This decision was reached after a lagging fundraising effort and polls that showed she would be easily defeated by Clinton (", "answer_start": 1402, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she speak after dropping out?", "answer": {"text": "she said \"I have decided that my law enforcement background better qualifies me for a race for New York State attorney general than a race for the United States Senate.", "answer_start": 1632, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else she did?", "answer": {"text": "During an appearance at the Crime Victims Resource Center, Pirro described herself this way: \"I am red on fiscal policy. I am conservative and I support the Bush tax cut.", "answer_start": 664, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5676c88c9e254c0b9ebfa5ffd5d1a315_0_q#10", "question": "Who were her supporters?", "rewrite": "Who were Pirro's supporters?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pirro Pirro may refer to: An Albanian given name; derived from Greek \"Pyrrhos\" (Latinized as \"Pyrrhus\") (flame-coloured, red-haired). As an Italian name, it is derived either from the aforementioned Greek name or from a variant of the name \"Pierro\" (from Peter). Pirro or DiPirro originates from the name \"di Pirro\" or \"DiPirro\" meaning \"of Pirro\" or \"family of Pirro\". Pirro comes from the historical figure of Pyrrhus of Epirus (319/318 BC \u2013 272 BC). The Pirro family originated in ancient Greece and \"Great Greece\" or \"Magna Graecia\", the name of the coastal areas of Southern Italy on the Tarentine Gulf that were extensively colonized by Greek settlers. Pirro people, commonly called Yine people, an indigenous tribe in the Peruvian Amazon", "In 1975, Carl Vergari appointed Pirro to the position of Assistant District Attorney of Westchester County, where she began her career by writing appeals and handling minor cases. In 1977, Pirro approached Vergari and requested that he apply for a federal grant for local district attorney's offices to establish bureaus that specialized in domestic violence. She hoped that Vergari would take advantage of potential funding as well as a 1977 change in New York law that moved many domestic violence cases from family court to criminal court. Vergari agreed to apply, and his office became one of four in the nation to win the grant. In 1978, he appointed Pirro to be the first chief of the new Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Bureau. Pirro was known to be an aggressive bureau chief. Due to possible coercion, she had a strict policy against dropping cases at a victim's request. Many people praised Pirro for her passion as Domestic Violence Bureau Chief, but she attracted increasing criticism from colleagues due her attention-grabbing behavior and violations of tradition. On multiple occasions, Chief District Attorney Vergari spoke to Pirro concerning her violation of office policy. She had issued press releases with her own name--and not Vergari's--on top. The relationship between Pirro and Vergari disintegrated in the late 1980s, after Pirro claimed sole responsibility for the establishment of the Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Bureau. On June 1, 1990, just five months prior to Pirro's first appearance on the ballot for County Court Judge, she attracted widespread attention and some criticism for rushing to conduct a bedside arraignment of Maria Amaya at the Intensive Care Unit of United Hospital in Port Chester. Amaya had been charged with four counts of second-degree murder for the deaths of her four children.", "Mark Pirro Mark Pirro (born July 1, 1970) is an American musician (bass guitar), audio engineer, and record producer based in Dallas, Texas. He is a founding member of Tripping Daisy, an alternative rock band that was active from 1991 to 1999. He is an original and current performing member of The Polyphonic Spree, and also performed with the groups Menkena and Foreign Fires. Pirro is the inventor of the Copperphone, a specialty microphone that he designed and distributes through his company Placid Audio. Pirro is a founding member of Tripping Daisy along with vocalist Tim DeLaughter and guitarist and pianist Wes Berggren. The group released its first album Bill in 1992 on the independent label Dragon Street Records. It later signed with Island Records where it released the album I am An Elastic Firecracker in 1995 and Jesus Hits Like The Atom Bomb in 1998. The group's song I Got A Girl made it to number 6 on Billboard's alternative rock chart. Pirro performed with Tripping Daisy on Late Night with Conan O'Brien in 1993 as well as supported Def Leppard during the North American portion of the Slang World Tour. Pirro played with the group until 1999 after the death of Berggren. Pirro and the remaining members completed the group's fourth album after Berggren's death and released it under its own record label, Good Records. Pirro went on to join The Polyphonic Spree, a choral symphonic rock band formed by DeLaughter in 2000. The 25 member group includes two keyboardists, a harpist, and a 10-person choir. As part of the group, Pirro has toured with David Bowie, played at a Nobel Peace Prize ceremony, been on the MTV Video Music Awards, and performed Sgt.", "Love you?\"). Pirro arrives with the grandees and his retinue, who announce that he has changed his mind and will return to Ermione (Chorus: \"Alfin l'Eroe da forte\" / \"At last, the resolute hero\"). Pirro then tells Oreste, to the astonishment of everyone, that he will, after all, hand over Astianatte to him. (Ermione, then the others and Pirro: \"Sperar, poss'io?\" ... \" A me Astianatte \" / \"Should I, can I, hope?\" ... \"Bring Astianatte here\") As the guards prepare to do so, Andromaca pleads with Pirro to give her time to think. Ermione is furious, and Pirro again rejects her. Andromaca vows to commit suicide if she is compelled to marry Pirro, while Pilade urges Oreste to leave with him. The Act ends in general consternation. \"The palace's entrance hall\" Andromaca arrives to tell Pirro that she will marry him. Overjoyed, he sends Attalo away to release Astianatte and make preparations for the wedding. Andromaca, unhappy, swears to herself that she will not be unfaithful to her dead husband, and while Pirro urges her to make her vows at the altar, she again resolves to kill herself (Duet: \"Ombra del caro sposo ... Vieni a giurar \" / \"Ghost of my dear husband ... Come and swear at the altar\"). Pirro leaves. Andromaca decides that, before she dies, she will make Pirro swear that Astianatte will be spared.", "In 1975, Carl Vergari appointed Pirro to the position of Assistant District Attorney of Westchester County, where she began her career by writing appeals and handling minor cases. In 1977, Pirro approached Vergari and requested that he apply for a federal grant for local district attorney's offices to establish bureaus that specialized in domestic violence. She hoped that Vergari would take advantage of potential funding as well as a 1977 change in New York law that moved many domestic violence cases from family court to criminal court. Vergari agreed to apply, and his office became one of four in the nation to win the grant. In 1978, he appointed Pirro to be the first chief of the new Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Bureau. Pirro was known to be an aggressive bureau chief. Due to possible coercion, she had a strict policy against dropping cases at a victim's request. Many people praised Pirro for her passion as Domestic Violence Bureau Chief, but she attracted increasing criticism from colleagues due her attention-grabbing behavior and violations of tradition. On multiple occasions, Chief District Attorney Vergari spoke to Pirro concerning her violation of office policy. She had issued press releases with her own name--and not Vergari's--on top. The relationship between Pirro and Vergari disintegrated in the late 1980s, after Pirro claimed sole responsibility for the establishment of the Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Bureau. On June 1, 1990, just five months prior to Pirro's first appearance on the ballot for County Court Judge, she attracted widespread attention and some criticism for rushing to conduct a bedside arraignment of Maria Amaya at the Intensive Care Unit of United Hospital in Port Chester. Amaya had been charged with four counts of second-degree murder for the deaths of her four children."], "answer": {"text": "Republican governor George Pataki's", "answer_start": 962}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Pirro seek office?", "answer": {"text": "On August 10, 2005, Pirro announced that she would seek the Republican nomination to challenge first-term incumbent senator Hillary Clinton,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What office was she trying to get?", "answer": {"text": "in the 2006 election for U.S. Senator from New York.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did she run against on the republican side?", "answer": {"text": "Other Republicans who announced campaigns for the nomination were John Spencer, a former mayor of Yonkers, William Brenner, an attorney in Sullivan County, and attorney Edward Cox,", "answer_start": 206, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened during her campaign?", "answer": {"text": "In a widely publicized moment when she was declaring her candidacy, Pirro misplaced page 10 of her speech and went silent for 32 seconds,", "answer_start": 437, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she embarrassed?", "answer": {"text": "something that is widely considered to have damaged her campaign before it even started.", "answer_start": 575, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the senate campaign?", "answer": {"text": "On December 21, 2005, Pirro dropped out of the Senate race after continuing pressure from party chiefs.", "answer_start": 1298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What issues was the campaign having?", "answer": {"text": "This decision was reached after a lagging fundraising effort and polls that showed she would be easily defeated by Clinton (", "answer_start": 1402, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she speak after dropping out?", "answer": {"text": "she said \"I have decided that my law enforcement background better qualifies me for a race for New York State attorney general than a race for the United States Senate.", "answer_start": 1632, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else she did?", "answer": {"text": "During an appearance at the Crime Victims Resource Center, Pirro described herself this way: \"I am red on fiscal policy. I am conservative and I support the Bush tax cut.", "answer_start": 664, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did she support?", "answer": {"text": "\"I have broad blue stripes when it comes to social issues... I am a woman who is a moderate in New York.\"", "answer_start": 856, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5676c88c9e254c0b9ebfa5ffd5d1a315_0_q#11", "question": "Did she have other supporters?", "rewrite": "Besides Republican governor George Pataki's did Pirro have other supporters?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["George Pataki George Elmer Pataki (; born June 24, 1945) is an American lawyer and Republican politician who served as the 53rd Governor of New York (1995\u20132006). An attorney by profession, Pataki was elected mayor of his hometown of Peekskill, New York and went on to be elected to the State Assembly and the State Senate. In 1994, Pataki ran for Governor of New York against three-term incumbent Mario Cuomo, defeating him by a margin of more than three points as part of the Republican Revolution of 1994. Pataki would himself be elected to three consecutive terms, and was the third Republican Governor of New York elected since 1923 (the other two were Govs. Thomas E. Dewey and Nelson Rockefeller). As of 2019, Pataki is the most recent Republican to hold any statewide office in New York. In early 2015, Pataki began exploring a candidacy for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in 2016; he announced his candidacy on May 28, 2015. On December 29, 2015, Pataki ended his campaign before the Republican presidential primaries had begun. Pataki was born in Peekskill, New York. Pataki's paternal grandfather was Pataki J\u00e1nos (in the USA \"John Pataki\", 1883\u20131971) of Aranyos-Ap\u00e1ti, Austria-Hungary. The family name's (Pataki) Hungarian pronunciation is ['p\u0252t\u0252ki] and means \"creek\" (little river). J\u00e1nos came to the United States in 1908, worked in a hat factory and had married Erzs\u00e9bet (later Elizabeth; 1887\u20131975), also Hungarian-born, around 1904. Their son, Pataki's father, was Louis P. Pataki (1912\u20131996), a mailman and volunteer fire chief, who ran the Pataki Farm.", "On August 10, 2005, Pirro announced that she would seek the Republican nomination to challenge first-term incumbent senator Hillary Clinton, a Democrat, in the 2006 election for U.S. Senator from New York. Other Republicans who announced campaigns for the nomination were John Spencer, a former mayor of Yonkers, William Brenner, an attorney in Sullivan County, and attorney Edward Cox, the son-in-law of former president Richard Nixon. In a widely publicized moment when she was declaring her candidacy, Pirro misplaced page 10 of her speech and went silent for 32 seconds, something that is widely considered to have damaged her campaign before it even started. During an appearance at the Crime Victims Resource Center, Pirro described herself this way: \"I am red on fiscal policy. I am conservative and I support the Bush tax cut.\" She added, however: \"I have broad blue stripes when it comes to social issues... I am a woman who is a moderate in New York.\" Republican governor George Pataki's endorsement of Pirro caused Cox to withdraw from the race, leaving Pirro as the likely nominee. Donors to Pirro's political campaign included designer Tommy Hilfiger (also a native of Elmira) and Donald Trump, as well as contractors and real estate executives who had done business with her husband. On December 21, 2005, Pirro dropped out of the Senate race after continuing pressure from party chiefs. This decision was reached after a lagging fundraising effort and polls that showed she would be easily defeated by Clinton (a Quinnipiac University poll found Pirro would lose to Clinton 62 percent to 30 percent). In a statement, she said \"I have decided that my law enforcement background better qualifies me for a race for New York State attorney general than a race for the United States Senate.\"", "Eugene F. Pigott Jr. Eugene F. Pigott Jr. (born September 27, 1946) is an Acting Justice of the New York State Supreme Court in Erie County. Judge Pigott was appointed to the New York Court of Appeals by Republican Governor George Pataki in 2006 for a 14-year term. His term expired in 2016. He graduated with a B.A. from LeMoyne College in 1968. Judge Pigott served on active duty in the United States Army from 1968 to 1970. He was stationed in the Republic of Vietnam, serving as a Vietnamese interpreter. He graduated with a J.D. from SUNY at Buffalo School of Law in 1973. Judge Pigott was in private practice from 1974 to 1982. In 1982 he was appointed Erie County Attorney and served in that position until 1986. In 1986 he returned to private practice. On February 4, 1997, he was appointed to the New York State Supreme Court by Governor George E. Pataki and thereafter was elected to a full 14-year term. In 1998, Governor Pataki appointed Piggott to the Appellate Division for the Fourth Judicial Department. He served as Presiding Justice from February 16, 2000 until his appointment to the Court of Appeals. His selection for a 14-year term to New York State's Court of Appeals, also by Governor Pataki, was confirmed by the New York State Senate in 2006. He retired from the Court of Appeals effective December 31, 2016, the end of the year in which he reached age 70, as required by the New York State Constitution. He currently serves as an Acting Justice of the New York State Supreme Court in Buffalo (Erie County), New York. He and his wife Peggy live on Grand Island, New York. They have two children.", "George Pataki 2016 presidential campaign The 2016 presidential campaign of George Pataki, the 53rd Governor of New York, was formally launched on May 28, 2015. After having considered a candidacy in previous cycles, his campaign for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in the 2016 election was his first bid for the presidency. On December 29, 2015, Pataki told his supporters that his campaign was henceforth suspended. Pataki, who served three consecutive terms as Governor of New York from January 1995 to December 2006, first publicly expressed interest in the idea of seeking the Republican presidential nomination during the 2008 presidential election cycle but did not run in that election. He again openly contemplated a bid for the Republican nomination in the 2012 election before announcing in August 2011 that he had decided against doing so. In an August 2014 interview with Newsmax TV, Pataki expressed interest in a presidential bid for the 2016 Republican nomination. In January 2015, he revealed to ABC News that he had launched a political action committee (PAC) for the purpose of exploring, and making preparations for, a possible presidential candidacy. On May 14, 2015, Pataki stated on MSNBC's \"Morning Joe\" that he would announce his decision regarding his potential candidacy on May 28 at an event in New Hampshire. He later confirmed to the \"New York Post\" that he intended to announce his candidacy for the 2016 Republican presidential nominination at the aforementioned event. Pataki officially launched his presidential campaign on May 28, 2015. He initially confirmed his candidacy via a video message which appeared on his website, before making a formal announcement before a gathering of supporters and members of the media in Exeter, New Hampshire. Pataki chose Exeter as the location for his announcement because it was the state capital during the Revolutionary War and is, by some accounts, the birthplace of the Republican Party.", "Pirro, already known as a passionate prosecutor of domestic violence cases, was a frequent presence in the media during the period between the murder and when Scott Douglas's body washed ashore in Riverdale in early March 1994. This increase in Pirro's national profile led to her surfacing as a frequent guest on network and cable television news in June 1994, when O.J. Simpson was arrested for the murder of his ex-wife, appearing frequently as a talking head for Nightline, Larry King Live, and Geraldo. Within months of taking office, Pirro undertook a costly renovation to the district attorney's facilities and expanded to an additional floor of the county courthouse. The largest expenses were a new kitchenette and a media room, costing $20,000, to assist Pirro's growing profile; additional expenditures also came to remodel her personal office with mahogany. Pirro was the first female president of the New York State District Attorneys Association. Also while district attorney, she was appointed by then Governor George Pataki to chair the New York State Commission on Domestic Violence Fatality Review Board. Its report and recommendations resulted in legislation passing that enhanced protections of, and safeguards for, the victims of domestic abuse. Pirro made her biggest procedural mistake as district attorney when she repeatedly refused to reopen the murder case of Jeffrey Deskovic. In 1990, Deskovic was falsely convicted of killing a 15-year-old girl and spent 16 years in prison before he was exonerated by DNA evidence. On May 26, 1986, Pirro, then an assistant district attorney, was announced as the running mate of Westchester County Executive and presumptive Republican gubernatorial nominee Andrew O'Rourke at a press conference in Manhattan's Roosevelt Hotel."], "answer": {"text": "Donors to Pirro's political campaign included designer Tommy Hilfiger (also a native of Elmira) and Donald Trump,", "answer_start": 1094}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Pirro seek office?", "answer": {"text": "On August 10, 2005, Pirro announced that she would seek the Republican nomination to challenge first-term incumbent senator Hillary Clinton,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What office was she trying to get?", "answer": {"text": "in the 2006 election for U.S. Senator from New York.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did she run against on the republican side?", "answer": {"text": "Other Republicans who announced campaigns for the nomination were John Spencer, a former mayor of Yonkers, William Brenner, an attorney in Sullivan County, and attorney Edward Cox,", "answer_start": 206, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened during her campaign?", "answer": {"text": "In a widely publicized moment when she was declaring her candidacy, Pirro misplaced page 10 of her speech and went silent for 32 seconds,", "answer_start": 437, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she embarrassed?", "answer": {"text": "something that is widely considered to have damaged her campaign before it even started.", "answer_start": 575, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the senate campaign?", "answer": {"text": "On December 21, 2005, Pirro dropped out of the Senate race after continuing pressure from party chiefs.", "answer_start": 1298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What issues was the campaign having?", "answer": {"text": "This decision was reached after a lagging fundraising effort and polls that showed she would be easily defeated by Clinton (", "answer_start": 1402, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she speak after dropping out?", "answer": {"text": "she said \"I have decided that my law enforcement background better qualifies me for a race for New York State attorney general than a race for the United States Senate.", "answer_start": 1632, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else she did?", "answer": {"text": "During an appearance at the Crime Victims Resource Center, Pirro described herself this way: \"I am red on fiscal policy. I am conservative and I support the Bush tax cut.", "answer_start": 664, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did she support?", "answer": {"text": "\"I have broad blue stripes when it comes to social issues... I am a woman who is a moderate in New York.\"", "answer_start": 856, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were her supporters?", "answer": {"text": "Republican governor George Pataki's", "answer_start": 962, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_486f7ef7b22b4b4bba538d2df7ebf5dc_0_q#0", "question": "What did Rodman do after leaving the NBA", "rewrite": "What did Rodman do after leaving the NBA", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Thomas Jackson Rodman Thomas Jackson Rodman (July 31, 1816 \u2013 June 7, 1871) was an American artillerist, inventor, ordnance specialist, and career United States Army officer. He served as a Union Army officer during the American Civil War, in which he was noted for his many improvements and innovations concerning the artillery used by the Union forces. He is especially remembered for developing the Rodman gun, which in various sizes saw extensive use in coastal defenses, and was called the \"strongest cast iron cannon ever made.\" General Rodman also discovered the use of shaped gunpowder grains, in which properly compressing and shaping the gunpowder into pre-designed grain shapes allowed the control of gas production by the burning gunpowder. This resulted in increased muzzle velocities with lower maximum pressures when compared to performance with conventional ball powder. The Rodman seven perforation grain was named after Rodman, and similar propellant grain shapes are still in use today in artillery, rockets, and automotive airbag inflators. After the conflict Rodman remained with the U.S. Army in his chosen profession, and is also noted for his alleged controversies while in command of the Watertown Arsenal. Thomas Jackson Rodman was born in 1816 on a farm near Salem in Washington County, Indiana. He was a son of James Rodman and his wife Elizabeth Burton, who was originally from Virginia. In 1837 Rodman entered the United States Military Academy in West Point, and graduated four years later, standing seventh out of 52 cadets. On July 1, 1841, he was appointed a brevet second lieutenant in the U.S. Army Ordnance Department. On December 13, 1843, Rodman married Martha Ann Black (1823\u20131908), and the couple would have seven children together.", "The Bulls swept the Miami Heat 3\u20130 in the first round of the playoffs, defeated the New York Knicks 4\u20131 in five games of the semifinals, then swept the Orlando Magic 4\u20130 in the Conference Finals. They then defeated the Seattle SuperSonics 4\u20132 in the 1996 NBA Finals, winning their fourth NBA title in six seasons. The Bulls have the best combined regular and postseason record in NBA history at 87\u201313 (.870). For the season, the Bulls added black pinstripe alternate road uniforms. Eventually, they would remove the pinstripes from the jerseys the following season. Before the 1995\u201396 NBA season, the Bulls acquired Dennis Rodman and Jack Haley from the Spurs in exchange for Will Perdue and cash considerations to fill a void at power forward left by Horace Grant, who left the Bulls before the 1994\u201395 NBA season. In his book \"Bad as I Wanna Be\", Rodman wrote that Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen had to approve the trade. Rodman chose the number 91 (9+1=10 according to Rodman for why he chose that number) for his jersey since #10 was retired by the Bulls in 1995 in honor of Bob Love. Haley played in one game, the final game of the regular season, and didn't participate in the playoffs. He was best known for his friendship with the enigmatic Rodman. Source: Team Splits on Basketball Reference The Bulls began the 1995\u201396 season on November 3 against the Charlotte Hornets and defeated them, 105\u201391, with Michael Jordan scoring 42 points. The next day, Chicago defeated the Boston Celtics in a 22-point blowout, 107-85, behind Scottie Pippen's 21 points, 4 rebounds and 5 assists. On November 7, the Bulls defeated the Toronto Raptors behind Jordan's 38 points.", "After his NBA career, Rodman took a long break from basketball and concentrated on his film career and on wrestling. After a longer hiatus, Rodman returned to play basketball for the Long Beach Jam of the newly formed American Basketball Association during the 2003-04 season, with hopes of being called up to the NBA midseason. While he did not get that wish that season, he did help the Jam win the ABA championship in their inaugural season. He also played in Mexico, with Fuerza Regia in 2004. In the following 2004-05 season, he signed with the ABA's Orange County Crush and the following season with the league's Tijuana Dragons. In November 2005, he played one match for Torpan Pojat of the Finland's basketball league, Korisliiga. The return to the NBA never materialized, but on January 26, 2006, it was announced that Rodman had signed a one-game \"experiment\" deal for the UK basketball team Brighton Bears of the British Basketball League to play Guildford Heat on January 28, and went on to play three games for the Bears. In spring 2006, he played two exhibition games in the Philippines along with NBA ex-stars Darryl Dawkins, Kevin Willis, Calvin Murphy, Otis Birdsong and Alex English. On April 27, they defeated a team of former Philippine Basketball Association stars in Mandaue City, Cebu and Rodman scored five points and grabbed 18 rebounds. On May 1, 2006, Rodman's team played their second game and lost to the Philippine national basketball team 110-102 at the Araneta Coliseum, where he scored three points and recorded 16 rebounds. On April 4, 2011, it was announced that Rodman would be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.", "Judy Rodman Judy Mae Rodman (n\u00e9e Robbins; May 23, 1951) is an American Country Music Singer. In the mid-1980s, she was a successful recording artist; making it all the way to number one on the Billboard Hot Country Singles Chart in 1986 with the song \"Until I Met You.\" She also won the Academy of Country Music's \"Top New Female Vocalist\" award in 1985. Today, Rodman is a singer, songwriter, producer and vocal instructor in Nashville, Tennessee. Her recorded songs include LeAnn Rimes's number-one hit \"One Way Ticket (Because I Can)\" (co-written with Keith Hinton). She has also developed \"Power, Path & Performance\"; a vocal technique she teaches and sells on CDs. Rodman was born Judy Mae Robbins on May 23, 1951 in Riverside, California. She was singing by the time she was four years old, and playing the guitar by age eight. Rodman's parents moved often. After living in so many places, Rodman's musical tastes included eclectic sounds like Cajun and Calypso music. When Rodman was 17 years old, she began singing advertising jingles. Her voice was heard nationally on a Jeno's Pizza commercial. Rodman left for college at eighteen to study music. Her college roommate was future female Country vocalist Janie Fricke. The two became fast friends and were hired as jingle singers for the Tanner Agency in Memphis, Tennessee. Rodman also sang with a local nightclub band called Phase II. In the mid-1970s, Rodman worked primarily as a background vocalist. In 1980, Judy married drummer and professional fisherman, John Rodman and the couple moved to Nashville, Tennessee. Rodman continued to record radio and TV jingles for mainstream companies while trying to break into the Country music business.", "The fulcrum, called the ratchet post, fit on the rear transom of the upper carriage. The ratchet post was cast iron and had several notches for adjusting the position of the elevating bar. Only one 13-inch Rodman gun appears to have been made, but it was placed in service. . Two 20-inch Rodman guns were emplaced at Fort Hamilton, New York. A third, shorter 20-inch gun was cast for the USS \"Puritan\" using the Rodman technology. One 20-inch Rodman gun remains in a park just north of Fort Hamilton, another is at Fort Hancock, Sandy Hook, New Jersey. The other, smaller Rodman guns were placed in seacoast fortifications around the United States. It took 8 men to load and fire a 10-inch Rodman gun, and 12 men for a 15-inch Rodman gun. Over 140 Rodman guns survive today and they may be seen at coastal fortifications around the country. Rodman guns saw little action during the Civil War. Two 10-inch columbiads were used in 1864 and 1865 in Union operation against Fort Sumter. It seems likely, due to the time period in which they were used, that these were Rodman guns rather than earlier model columbiads. Other reports of the use of 8-inch and 10-inch columbiads may refer to Rodman guns. The 15-inch Rodman guns were never fired in anger; however, they were widely deployed in coast defense until replaced by Endicott Period fortifications 1895\u20131905. Some Rodmans of various sizes, along with Parrott rifles, were deployed shortly after the outbreak of the Spanish\u2013American War in 1898 as a stopgap; it was feared the Spanish fleet would bombard the US east coast."], "answer": {"text": "After his NBA career, Rodman took a long break from basketball and concentrated on his film career and on wrestling.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_486f7ef7b22b4b4bba538d2df7ebf5dc_0_q#4", "question": "how did he do in his return", "rewrite": "How did Dennis Rodman do in his return to basketball?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bad As I Wanna Be: The Dennis Rodman Story Bad As I Wanna Be: The Dennis Rodman Story is a 1998 American drama film directed by Jean de Segonzac and written by John Miglis and Gar Anthony Haywood. It is based on the 1996 book \" Bad As I Wanna Be\" by Dennis Rodman and Tim Keown. The film stars Dwayne Adway, John Terry, Dee Wallace, Heidi Mark, Daniel Hugh Kelly, Art Hindle, Karen Robinson and Michael Caloz. The film premiered on ABC on February 8, 1998.", "Dennis Rodman's Big Bang in Pyongyang Dennis Rodman's Big Bang in Pyongyang is a 2015 documentary film produced and directed by Colin Offland, and written by Matthew Baker. The film follows retired professional basketball player Dennis Rodman on his mission to host a basketball game between former NBA stars and the North Korean team in Pyongyang. The film premiered at the Slamdance Film Festival on 25 January 2015. It was also screened at the Manchester Film Festival in March 2016. The film had its television premiere on 26 June 2015 on Showtime.", "North Korea national basketball team The Democratic People's Republic of Korea national basketball team (recognized as DPR Korea by FIBA and known colloquially and in the media as North Korea) represents the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in international basketball and is controlled by the Amateur Basketball Association of DPR of Korea, the governing body for basketball in North Korea. In December 2013, former American basketball professional Dennis Rodman visited North Korea to help train the national team after he developed a friendship with Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un during his first visit to the country in February 2013. Rodman's visit and a match between the North Korean team and former NBA stars was depicted in the 2015 documentary film \"Dennis Rodman's Big Bang in Pyongyang\". The following is the North Korea roster in the men's basketball tournament of the 2010 Asian Games. ", "A soulful hip hop project with spoken word influence, the song was a collaboration with rapper Spark Master Tape titled \"Stfu\". Mansionz is currently signed to Island Records and has released three singles, \"Stfu\" (featuring Spark Master Tape), \"Rich White Girls\", and \"Dennis Rodman\" (featuring Dennis Rodman). The duo's self-titled debut full-length album was released on March 24, 2017 and featured appearances from Soren Bryce, G-Eazy, Cyhi The Prynce, Snooze God, Spark Master Tape, and Dennis Rodman. Mike Posner was featured on Nick Jonas' 2017 single \"Remember I Told You\", the second collaboration between Posner and Jonas. The track also featured English singer Anne-Marie. On January 22, 2018, Posner announced a poetry album entitled \"I was born in detroit on a very, very, very, very, very, very, very cold day\", which was released on January 26, 2018. In September 2018, Posner released \"Song About You\", the lead single from his third studio album, \"A Real Good Kid\". \" A Real Good Kid\" was released on January 18, 2019. In January 2019, Posner announced his intention, on Instagram, to hike across the United States, set to start in Asbury Park, New Jersey on March 1, 2019 and ending in Venice Beach, California, but due to a foot injury, the hike started on April 15, 2019. In August 2019, Posner was bitten by a rattlesnake during the walk and was hospitalised in Colorado, delaying the walk for \"quite a few weeks\". He released his fourth mixtape \"Keep Going\" on October 9, 2019, to commemorate his trek across the country. Posner has also written for other artists.", "It received generally positive reviews from critics, although some reviewers who had enjoyed the earlier solo work of Musto and Posner were disappointed. On March 29, 2017, Mansionz released an official music video for their single \"Rich White Girls\". It was followed by a music video for \"Dennis Rodman,\" which arrived on May 19, 2017. In June 2017, Mike Posner made a surprise appearance at a Blackbear concert in Detroit on the latter's Digital DrugTour, making it the first official Mansionz concert. The duo performed several songs, including \"Dennis Rodman\" and \"STFU,\" and teased on Twitter that there would be more to come in 2018. On August 11, 2017, \"Wicked\" was announced to be the fourth single from \"Mansionz\". A radio edit of \"Wicked\" was released, as well as remixes of the track by Loote and Rat City. On October 19, 2018 the duo performed three songs officially as Mansionz at Red Rocks Amphitheater in Colorado. They performed \"My Beloved,\" \"Dennis Rodman,\" and \"STFU. \" There, the two teased an upcoming album from the duo. The duo has over 50K followers on Twitter and 87K followers on Instagram. Various remixes and parodies of Mansionz songs have also been recorded by other artists, although only the Loote and Rat City remixes of \"Wicked\" have been made official by the duo themselves."], "answer": {"text": "he did help the Jam win the ABA championship in their inaugural season. He also played in Mexico, with Fuerza Regia in 2004.", "answer_start": 373}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Rodman do after leaving the NBA", "answer": {"text": "After his NBA career, Rodman took a long break from basketball and concentrated on his film career and on wrestling.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What films has he been in", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was his film career a success", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he have to do with wrestling", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_486f7ef7b22b4b4bba538d2df7ebf5dc_0_q#5", "question": "did he get any special recognition", "rewrite": "Did Dennis Rodman get any special recognition?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["It received generally positive reviews from critics, although some reviewers who had enjoyed the earlier solo work of Musto and Posner were disappointed. On March 29, 2017, Mansionz released an official music video for their single \"Rich White Girls\". It was followed by a music video for \"Dennis Rodman,\" which arrived on May 19, 2017. In June 2017, Mike Posner made a surprise appearance at a Blackbear concert in Detroit on the latter's Digital DrugTour, making it the first official Mansionz concert. The duo performed several songs, including \"Dennis Rodman\" and \"STFU,\" and teased on Twitter that there would be more to come in 2018. On August 11, 2017, \"Wicked\" was announced to be the fourth single from \"Mansionz\". A radio edit of \"Wicked\" was released, as well as remixes of the track by Loote and Rat City. On October 19, 2018 the duo performed three songs officially as Mansionz at Red Rocks Amphitheater in Colorado. They performed \"My Beloved,\" \"Dennis Rodman,\" and \"STFU. \" There, the two teased an upcoming album from the duo. The duo has over 50K followers on Twitter and 87K followers on Instagram. Various remixes and parodies of Mansionz songs have also been recorded by other artists, although only the Loote and Rat City remixes of \"Wicked\" have been made official by the duo themselves.", "Double Team (film) Double Team is a 1997 American action comedy film directed by Tsui Hark in his American directorial debut and starring Jean-Claude Van Damme, Dennis Rodman, and Mickey Rourke. Van Damme plays counter-terrorist agent Jack Quinn, who is assigned to bring an elusive terrorist known as Stavros to justice. Things become personal when Stavros kidnaps Quinn's pregnant wife after his own lover and child were killed in an assassination attempt that went awry. Aiding Quinn in his rescue is his flamboyant weapons dealer Yaz (Dennis Rodman). This film received negative reviews and was a box office bomb. The film was also nominated for and \"won\" three Golden Raspberry Awards: Worst Supporting Actor (Rodman), Worst New Star (also Rodman), and Worst Screen Couple (Rodman and Van Damme). Having successfully completed his final mission three years prior, which was to retrieve a truck load of plutonium stolen from a US military base in Croatia by freelance international terrorist Stavros, government anti-terrorist agent Jack Paul Quinn is relaxing by his pool in Southern France with Kathryn, his pregnant wife. Quinn is approached by a government representative who tells him that Stavros, Quinn's nemesis, has become active again and tries to convince Quinn to come out of retirement telling Quinn that he \u2018can\u2019t retire until he [Stavros] does\u2019. Quinn is reluctant to return to duty but agrees after the same representative is killed by Stavros shortly after the meeting with Quinn. Acting on intelligence received, Quinn travels to Antwerp, Belgium where he meets up with quirky arms dealer Yaz, who equips Quinn with weaponry and then proceeds to meet the Delta team put together to capture Stavros.", "Dennis Rodman's Big Bang in Pyongyang Dennis Rodman's Big Bang in Pyongyang is a 2015 documentary film produced and directed by Colin Offland, and written by Matthew Baker. The film follows retired professional basketball player Dennis Rodman on his mission to host a basketball game between former NBA stars and the North Korean team in Pyongyang. The film premiered at the Slamdance Film Festival on 25 January 2015. It was also screened at the Manchester Film Festival in March 2016. The film had its television premiere on 26 June 2015 on Showtime.", "A soulful hip hop project with spoken word influence, the song was a collaboration with rapper Spark Master Tape titled \"Stfu\". Mansionz is currently signed to Island Records and has released three singles, \"Stfu\" (featuring Spark Master Tape), \"Rich White Girls\", and \"Dennis Rodman\" (featuring Dennis Rodman). The duo's self-titled debut full-length album was released on March 24, 2017 and featured appearances from Soren Bryce, G-Eazy, Cyhi The Prynce, Snooze God, Spark Master Tape, and Dennis Rodman. Mike Posner was featured on Nick Jonas' 2017 single \"Remember I Told You\", the second collaboration between Posner and Jonas. The track also featured English singer Anne-Marie. On January 22, 2018, Posner announced a poetry album entitled \"I was born in detroit on a very, very, very, very, very, very, very cold day\", which was released on January 26, 2018. In September 2018, Posner released \"Song About You\", the lead single from his third studio album, \"A Real Good Kid\". \" A Real Good Kid\" was released on January 18, 2019. In January 2019, Posner announced his intention, on Instagram, to hike across the United States, set to start in Asbury Park, New Jersey on March 1, 2019 and ending in Venice Beach, California, but due to a foot injury, the hike started on April 15, 2019. In August 2019, Posner was bitten by a rattlesnake during the walk and was hospitalised in Colorado, delaying the walk for \"quite a few weeks\". He released his fourth mixtape \"Keep Going\" on October 9, 2019, to commemorate his trek across the country. Posner has also written for other artists.", "Bad As I Wanna Be: The Dennis Rodman Story Bad As I Wanna Be: The Dennis Rodman Story is a 1998 American drama film directed by Jean de Segonzac and written by John Miglis and Gar Anthony Haywood. It is based on the 1996 book \" Bad As I Wanna Be\" by Dennis Rodman and Tim Keown. The film stars Dwayne Adway, John Terry, Dee Wallace, Heidi Mark, Daniel Hugh Kelly, Art Hindle, Karen Robinson and Michael Caloz. The film premiered on ABC on February 8, 1998."], "answer": {"text": "On April 4, 2011, it was announced that Rodman would be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.", "answer_start": 1558}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Rodman do after leaving the NBA", "answer": {"text": "After his NBA career, Rodman took a long break from basketball and concentrated on his film career and on wrestling.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What films has he been in", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was his film career a success", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he have to do with wrestling", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did he do in his return", "answer": {"text": "he did help the Jam win the ABA championship in their inaugural season. He also played in Mexico, with Fuerza Regia in 2004.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_486f7ef7b22b4b4bba538d2df7ebf5dc_0_q#6", "question": "are there any other interesting things that happened during this time", "rewrite": "Aside from film and wrestling, are there any other interesting things that happened after Rodman's NBA career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["\"Successful Snooker\" (1982), \"Frame and Fortune\" (1982), \"Steve Davis: Snooker Champion\" (1983), \"Matchroom Snooker\" (1988) and \"The Official Matchroom 1990\"; two relating to chess in 1995 with David Norwood: \" Steve Davis Plays Chess\" and \"Grandmaster Meets Chess Amateur\". He also authored three cookbooks in 1994: \"Simply Fix \u2013 the Steve Davis Interesting Cookbook No 1 \u2013 Interesting Things to Do With Meat\", \"Simply Fix \u2013 The Steve Davis Interesting Cookbook No 2 \u2013 Interesting Things to Make with Poultry\", and \"Simply Fix \u2013 the Steve Davis Interesting Cookbook No 3 \u2013 Interesting Things to Make Using Vegetables\". In 1986, he joined musical duo Chas & Dave and several other snooker stars of the time (under the name \"The Matchroom Mob\") on the novelty record \"Snooker Loopy\", which was a Top 10 hit in the United Kingdom. A year later they released a follow-up single, the \"Romford Rap\", though this only reached #91 in the UK charts. Since 1996 he has presented a show dedicated to progressive rock and the Canterbury scene on his local radio station, Phoenix FM. In 2013, Davis participated in the thirteenth series of \"I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!\", finishing in eighth place. In 2017, he appeared in \"Would I Lie to You?\" as a guest panelist where he recounted the true story of being fired by the Sultan of Brunei as a coach to his son following an incident with a cheese sandwich. A film about Steve Davis' rise and subsequent dominance of snooker in the 1980s and his intense rivalry with Alex Higgins was released by the BBC in 2016 titled \"The Rack Pack\" casting Will Merrick as Davis .", "Corey Gaines Corey Yasuto Gaines (born June 1, 1965) is an American professional basketball coach and former player who is an assistant coach for the Washington Wizards of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was also a former head coach of the Phoenix Mercury of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). Gaines was selected by the Seattle SuperSonics in the 3rd round (65th overall) of the 1988 NBA Draft. A 6'3\" (1.90 m) guard from UCLA and Loyola Marymount University, Gaines played in 5 NBA seasons for 4 different teams. He played for the New Jersey Nets (1988\u201389), Philadelphia 76ers (1989\u201390, 1994\u201395), Denver Nuggets (1990\u201391) and New York Knicks (1993\u201394). In his NBA career, he played in 80 games and scored a total of 248 points. Throughout his NBA career, he also spent time playing in Continental Basketball Association for multiple teams. Gaines also played in multiple international basketball leagues (including the Japanese professional men's basketball league) throughout the late 1990s and early 2000s. His last team he played for would be of the Long Beach Jam under the revived American Basketball Association. The Jam would win the ABA Championship under their first season of existence, thanks in part to having players like Dennis Rodman on their squad. After winning the ABA Championship, Gaines would retire from playing basketball and start out as an assistant coach for the Long Beach Jam in their second year of existence. During the season, he would take over the head coach role there after their previous coach would accept a coaching role in the NBA. After the Jam's second season ended, it was announced that the Long Beach Jam would not play the next season due to their eventual move to Bakersfield in order to complete their transition to the NBA Development League.", "Bubba Wells Charles Richard \"Bubba\" Wells (born July 26, 1974) is an American former professional basketball player. He played briefly for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played collegiately for Austin Peay State University and was named 1997 Ohio Valley Conference Player of the Year. Selected 34th by the Mavs in the 1997 NBA draft, the little-used small forward's NBA career was short-lived, consisting of just 39 games of the 1997\u201398 season. However, he did start two games in March 1998, in place of the injured Cedric Ceballos. His NBA career came to an abrupt end in 1998, after he was traded to the Phoenix Suns along with Martin M\u00fc\u00fcrsepp, the draft rights to Pat Garrity, and a future first-round draft pick in exchange for point guard Steve Nash. Wells never played a game for the Suns. He was later traded to the Chicago Bulls, also for whom he never played. He later played for the LaCrosse Bobcats of the CBA, the Oklahoma Storm of USBL, the Memphis Houn'Dawgs of the ABA, and overseas in Greece and the Philippines. He played for the Harlem Globetrotters in 2004\u201305. From June 2005 through May 2015, Wells was an assistant men's basketball coach at Austin Peay. On May 28, 2015, his appointment to the staff of Jon Harris at SIU Edwardsville was announced. Bubba Wells holds the dubious distinction of being the player with the quickest disqualification due to personal fouls in an NBA regular season game. In a December 29, 1997 game against the Chicago Bulls, then-Mavericks coach Don Nelson employed a desperate tactic to limit the Bulls' offense. He inserted Wells into the game with the express purpose of fouling power forward Dennis Rodman, a notoriously poor free throw shooter, away from the ball.", "After his NBA career, Rodman took a long break from basketball and concentrated on his film career and on wrestling. After a longer hiatus, Rodman returned to play basketball for the Long Beach Jam of the newly formed American Basketball Association during the 2003-04 season, with hopes of being called up to the NBA midseason. While he did not get that wish that season, he did help the Jam win the ABA championship in their inaugural season. He also played in Mexico, with Fuerza Regia in 2004. In the following 2004-05 season, he signed with the ABA's Orange County Crush and the following season with the league's Tijuana Dragons. In November 2005, he played one match for Torpan Pojat of the Finland's basketball league, Korisliiga. The return to the NBA never materialized, but on January 26, 2006, it was announced that Rodman had signed a one-game \"experiment\" deal for the UK basketball team Brighton Bears of the British Basketball League to play Guildford Heat on January 28, and went on to play three games for the Bears. In spring 2006, he played two exhibition games in the Philippines along with NBA ex-stars Darryl Dawkins, Kevin Willis, Calvin Murphy, Otis Birdsong and Alex English. On April 27, they defeated a team of former Philippine Basketball Association stars in Mandaue City, Cebu and Rodman scored five points and grabbed 18 rebounds. On May 1, 2006, Rodman's team played their second game and lost to the Philippine national basketball team 110-102 at the Araneta Coliseum, where he scored three points and recorded 16 rebounds. On April 4, 2011, it was announced that Rodman would be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.", "Joe Kleine Joseph William Kleine (born January 4, 1962) is a retired American professional basketball player who played in the NBA. Kleine, a seven-foot center, graduated from Slater High School in Slater, Missouri and originally enrolled to play basketball at the University of Notre Dame. After his freshman season, Kleine transferred to the University of Arkansas where he played alongside Alvin Robertson, who like Kleine would go on to a productive professional career. Kleine was selected by the Sacramento Kings with the sixth pick in the 1985 NBA Draft. Kleine went on to have a fifteen-year NBA career, playing with the Kings as well as the Boston Celtics, Phoenix Suns, Los Angeles Lakers, New Jersey Nets, Chicago Bulls, and Portland Trail Blazers. Kleine played on teams with legendary NBA players Michael Jordan, Charles Barkley, Larry Bird, Kevin McHale, Scottie Pippen, and Dennis Rodman. He won an NBA championship in 1998, as a center, for a Chicago Bulls team that included Michael Jordan, Scottie Pippen, Dennis Rodman, and Steve Kerr. His best season was with the Kings in 1985, when he averaged 9.8 PPG. At the time of his retirement from the NBA, he'd scored 4,666 points, had 3,991 total rebounds, and had scored 849 free throws out of 1,069 attempts. Kleine played for the US national team in the 1982 FIBA World Championship, winning the silver medal. Along with his college teammate Robertson, he also won a gold medal as a member of the 1984 U.S. Olympic basketball team coached by Bob Knight. Sportswriter Jon Goode would later write in part that \"Joe Kleine was never a star, but what made Kleine great was that he accepted his role and was ready to play every night.\""], "answer": {"text": "played in Mexico, with Fuerza Regia in 2004. In the following 2004-05 season, he signed with the ABA's Orange County Crush and the following season with the league's Tijuana Dragons.", "answer_start": 453}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Rodman do after leaving the NBA", "answer": {"text": "After his NBA career, Rodman took a long break from basketball and concentrated on his film career and on wrestling.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What films has he been in", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was his film career a success", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he have to do with wrestling", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did he do in his return", "answer": {"text": "he did help the Jam win the ABA championship in their inaugural season. He also played in Mexico, with Fuerza Regia in 2004.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he get any special recognition", "answer": {"text": "On April 4, 2011, it was announced that Rodman would be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.", "answer_start": 1558, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_486f7ef7b22b4b4bba538d2df7ebf5dc_0_q#7", "question": "how long did he play in the ABA", "rewrite": "How long did Dennis Rodman play in the ABA?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bad As I Wanna Be: The Dennis Rodman Story Bad As I Wanna Be: The Dennis Rodman Story is a 1998 American drama film directed by Jean de Segonzac and written by John Miglis and Gar Anthony Haywood. It is based on the 1996 book \" Bad As I Wanna Be\" by Dennis Rodman and Tim Keown. The film stars Dwayne Adway, John Terry, Dee Wallace, Heidi Mark, Daniel Hugh Kelly, Art Hindle, Karen Robinson and Michael Caloz. The film premiered on ABC on February 8, 1998.", "It received generally positive reviews from critics, although some reviewers who had enjoyed the earlier solo work of Musto and Posner were disappointed. On March 29, 2017, Mansionz released an official music video for their single \"Rich White Girls\". It was followed by a music video for \"Dennis Rodman,\" which arrived on May 19, 2017. In June 2017, Mike Posner made a surprise appearance at a Blackbear concert in Detroit on the latter's Digital DrugTour, making it the first official Mansionz concert. The duo performed several songs, including \"Dennis Rodman\" and \"STFU,\" and teased on Twitter that there would be more to come in 2018. On August 11, 2017, \"Wicked\" was announced to be the fourth single from \"Mansionz\". A radio edit of \"Wicked\" was released, as well as remixes of the track by Loote and Rat City. On October 19, 2018 the duo performed three songs officially as Mansionz at Red Rocks Amphitheater in Colorado. They performed \"My Beloved,\" \"Dennis Rodman,\" and \"STFU. \" There, the two teased an upcoming album from the duo. The duo has over 50K followers on Twitter and 87K followers on Instagram. Various remixes and parodies of Mansionz songs have also been recorded by other artists, although only the Loote and Rat City remixes of \"Wicked\" have been made official by the duo themselves.", "Dennis Rodman's Big Bang in Pyongyang Dennis Rodman's Big Bang in Pyongyang is a 2015 documentary film produced and directed by Colin Offland, and written by Matthew Baker. The film follows retired professional basketball player Dennis Rodman on his mission to host a basketball game between former NBA stars and the North Korean team in Pyongyang. The film premiered at the Slamdance Film Festival on 25 January 2015. It was also screened at the Manchester Film Festival in March 2016. The film had its television premiere on 26 June 2015 on Showtime.", "A soulful hip hop project with spoken word influence, the song was a collaboration with rapper Spark Master Tape titled \"Stfu\". Mansionz is currently signed to Island Records and has released three singles, \"Stfu\" (featuring Spark Master Tape), \"Rich White Girls\", and \"Dennis Rodman\" (featuring Dennis Rodman). The duo's self-titled debut full-length album was released on March 24, 2017 and featured appearances from Soren Bryce, G-Eazy, Cyhi The Prynce, Snooze God, Spark Master Tape, and Dennis Rodman. Mike Posner was featured on Nick Jonas' 2017 single \"Remember I Told You\", the second collaboration between Posner and Jonas. The track also featured English singer Anne-Marie. On January 22, 2018, Posner announced a poetry album entitled \"I was born in detroit on a very, very, very, very, very, very, very cold day\", which was released on January 26, 2018. In September 2018, Posner released \"Song About You\", the lead single from his third studio album, \"A Real Good Kid\". \" A Real Good Kid\" was released on January 18, 2019. In January 2019, Posner announced his intention, on Instagram, to hike across the United States, set to start in Asbury Park, New Jersey on March 1, 2019 and ending in Venice Beach, California, but due to a foot injury, the hike started on April 15, 2019. In August 2019, Posner was bitten by a rattlesnake during the walk and was hospitalised in Colorado, delaying the walk for \"quite a few weeks\". He released his fourth mixtape \"Keep Going\" on October 9, 2019, to commemorate his trek across the country. Posner has also written for other artists.", "Double Team (film) Double Team is a 1997 American action comedy film directed by Tsui Hark in his American directorial debut and starring Jean-Claude Van Damme, Dennis Rodman, and Mickey Rourke. Van Damme plays counter-terrorist agent Jack Quinn, who is assigned to bring an elusive terrorist known as Stavros to justice. Things become personal when Stavros kidnaps Quinn's pregnant wife after his own lover and child were killed in an assassination attempt that went awry. Aiding Quinn in his rescue is his flamboyant weapons dealer Yaz (Dennis Rodman). This film received negative reviews and was a box office bomb. The film was also nominated for and \"won\" three Golden Raspberry Awards: Worst Supporting Actor (Rodman), Worst New Star (also Rodman), and Worst Screen Couple (Rodman and Van Damme). Having successfully completed his final mission three years prior, which was to retrieve a truck load of plutonium stolen from a US military base in Croatia by freelance international terrorist Stavros, government anti-terrorist agent Jack Paul Quinn is relaxing by his pool in Southern France with Kathryn, his pregnant wife. Quinn is approached by a government representative who tells him that Stavros, Quinn's nemesis, has become active again and tries to convince Quinn to come out of retirement telling Quinn that he \u2018can\u2019t retire until he [Stavros] does\u2019. Quinn is reluctant to return to duty but agrees after the same representative is killed by Stavros shortly after the meeting with Quinn. Acting on intelligence received, Quinn travels to Antwerp, Belgium where he meets up with quirky arms dealer Yaz, who equips Quinn with weaponry and then proceeds to meet the Delta team put together to capture Stavros."], "answer": {"text": "In November 2005, he played one match for Torpan Pojat of the Finland's basketball league, Korisliiga.", "answer_start": 636}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Rodman do after leaving the NBA", "answer": {"text": "After his NBA career, Rodman took a long break from basketball and concentrated on his film career and on wrestling.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What films has he been in", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was his film career a success", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he have to do with wrestling", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did he do in his return", "answer": {"text": "he did help the Jam win the ABA championship in their inaugural season. He also played in Mexico, with Fuerza Regia in 2004.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he get any special recognition", "answer": {"text": "On April 4, 2011, it was announced that Rodman would be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.", "answer_start": 1558, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "are there any other interesting things that happened during this time", "answer": {"text": "played in Mexico, with Fuerza Regia in 2004. In the following 2004-05 season, he signed with the ABA's Orange County Crush and the following season with the league's Tijuana Dragons.", "answer_start": 453, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_83235491354148f48b6a67944799faae_0_q#0", "question": "What was the William Thomson disaster?", "rewrite": "What was the William Thomson disaster?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["David Couper Thomson David Couper Thomson DL (August 1861 \u20131954) was a Newspaper proprietor and founder of the newspaper and publishing company D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd in Dundee, Scotland. He was the son of William Thomson, shipowner (18 June 1817-unknown) and his wife, Margaret Couper. He was raised in Newport-on-Tay, Fife years of age and was sent to the family shipping business in Glasgow. His father, William Thomson, was a successful draper and later a shipowner, and in 1884 became the major shareholder of the Dundee Courier & Daily Argus. In 1886, at his father's request, David Couper Thomson moved back to Dundee to become the general manager of the paper. The other son, Frederick Thomson (1864-1917), joined the company in 1888. DC Thomson was founded with \u00a360,000 capital. William, David and Frederick had all but four of the company shares which were valued at \u00a310 per share. Each wife had an allocation of one share; the remaining share belonged to Frances Thomas Mudie. When Frederick died in 1917, D.C. became the sole proprietor of the company. Between 1920 and 1922, he actively campaigned using vitriolic rhetoric against one of the two M.P.s for Dundee, then Liberal politician Winston Churchill. At one meeting, Churchill was able to speak for only 40 minutes when he was barracked by a section of the audience. At the General Election of 1922 both of the local newspapers owned by Thomson, the Liberal supporting \"Dundee Advertiser\" and the Conservative inlined \"Courier\" advised their readers to reject Churchill.", "William Montgomerie Thomson Lieutenant General Sir William Montgomerie Thomson (1877\u20131963) was a senior British Army officer who became military governor of Baku in 1918. Born on 2 December 1877, William Thomson was the fourth son of Captain William Thomson of the 78th Highlanders and Alice Broughton. His older brother was Henry Broughton Thomson; Gwyneth Bebb married another brother, Thomas Weldon Thomson. He was educated at Bedford School. In 1897 he joined the Seaforth Highlanders. He served in Sudan in 1898. During the First World War he commanded the 1st Seaforth Highlanders in France and Mesopotamia between 1915 and 1916, 35th Indian Brigade between 1916 and 1917, and 14th Indian Division between 1917 and 1918. Between September 1918 and May 1919 he commanded the North Persia Force and then British forces in the South Caucasus. On 16 November 1918, in Bandar-e Anzali, Thomson met with Nasib Yusifbeyli, Musa bey Rafiyev and Ahmet A\u011fao\u011flu, representatives of Musavat, the governing party of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR). He outlined his goals as (i) ensuring the evacuation of military units of the Ottoman Army and the ADR from Baku, (ii) preventing Armenian troops from entering Baku, (iii) creating a British administration of local militia, (iv) facilitating the supply of oil from the Baku oilfields for the British, and (v) securing the eastern terminus of the Transcaucasus Railway. He denied that the British would interfere in internal affairs: \"The principle of self-determination of peoples decided at the Paris Peace Conference from which Azerbaijan will not be excluded\". General Thomson arrived in Baku the next day with about 2,000 soldiers of the British Indian Army and a detachment of Russian troops commanded by Nikolai Baratov. This was greeted with enthusiasm by the Russians of Baku.", "Edward William Thomson (writer) Edward William Thomson (February 12, 1849 \u2013 1924) was a Canadian journalist and writer. He was born in Peel County, Ontario, the grandson of Edward William Thomson, a member of the York militia who was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada. When Thompson was 14, he was sent to Philadelphia to work in a mercantile office; he enlisted in the Union Army in October 1864 (at 15), and saw action during the American Civil Waras a trooper in the 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry. Thomson returned to Canada when discharged in August 1865. He saw combat again the next year, at the Battle of Ridgeway during the Fenian Raids. Thomson took up civil engineering in 1867, and worked as a Land Surveyor from 1872 to 1878. In 1878, at the invitation of publisher George Brown, he became an editorial writer for \"The Toronto Globe\". In 1891 he joined the staff of \"The Youth's Companion\", and worked there for the next 11 years. He wrote a book of short stories, \"Old Man Savarin and Other Stories\" (1895), and one of poetry, \"The Many-Mansioned House and Other Poems\" (1909).", "William Thomson (military officer) William Thomson (1727\u20131796) was a South Carolina patriot in the American Revolution. He was Colonel of the Orangeburgh District Regiment of Militia and commander of the 3rd South Carolina Regiment of Rangers. William Thomson was born on January 16, 1727 in Pennsylvania. He was related to Charles Thomson. His parents bought him South Carolina as a boy where they settled along the west side of the Congaree River in Orangeburgh District, where he later served as sheriff and was elected to the First Provincial Congress in January and June of 1775. He was selected as Colonel in early 1775 over the Orangenburgh District Regiment of the South Carolina militia. He was later commissioned as Lieutenant Colonel and commandant of the 3rd South Carolina Regiment of Rangers on June 18, 1775 and later promoted to Colonel on May 16, 1776. He was promoted to Brevet General on September 30, 1783. He was involved in the following engagements: At the fall of Chaleston on May 12, 1780, he was taken prisoner and was paroled until the end of the war. He returned to his estate at Belleville, South Carolina, where he continued the pursuit as an indigo planter. Because of poor health he moved to a medicinal springs in Virginia, where he died on November 22, 1796. The 3rd South Carolina Regiment was originally authorized on June 6, 1775 as the South Carolina Regiment of Horse (Rangers). When organized in the summer of 1775, it consisted of nine companies from western South Carolina. On November 12, 1775, it was re-designated the 3rd South Carolina Regiment. On July 24, 1776, it was placed under the Continental Army and placed under the Southern Department.", "However, in 1920, the Gibbs\u2013Thomson equation was first derived in its modern form by two researchers working independently: Friedrich Meissner, a student of the Estonian-German physical chemist Gustav Tammann, and Ernst Rie (1896\u20131921), an Austrian physicist at the University of Vienna. These early investigators did not call the relation the \"Gibbs\u2013Thomson\" equation. That name was in use by 1910 or earlier; it originally referred to equations concerning the adsorption of solutes by interfaces between two phases \u2014 equations that Gibbs and then J. J. Thomson derived. Hence, in the name \"Gibbs\u2013Thomson\" equation, \"Thomson\" refers to J. J. Thomson, not William Thomson (Lord Kelvin). In 1871, William Thomson published an equation describing capillary action and relating the curvature of a liquid-vapor interface to the vapor pressure: formula_16 where In his dissertation of 1885, Robert von Helmholtz (son of German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz) showed how the Ostwald-Freundlich equation formula_27 could be derived from Kelvin's equation. The Gibbs\u2013Thomson equation can then be derived from the Ostwald-Freundlich equation via a simple substitution using the integrated form of the Clausius\u2013Clapeyron relation: formula_28 The Gibbs\u2013Thomson equation can also be derived directly from Gibbs' equation for the energy of an interface between phases. It should be mentioned that in the literature, there is still not agreement about the specific equation to which the name \"Gibbs\u2013Thomson equation\" refers. For example, in the case of some authors, it's another name for the \"Ostwald-Freundlich equation\"\u2014which"], "answer": {"text": "The cable was lost after 1,200 miles (1,900 km) had been laid and the expedition had to be abandoned.", "answer_start": 1285}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_83235491354148f48b6a67944799faae_0_q#1", "question": "In what year did this happen?", "rewrite": "In what year did the William Thomson disaster happen?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["However, in 1920, the Gibbs\u2013Thomson equation was first derived in its modern form by two researchers working independently: Friedrich Meissner, a student of the Estonian-German physical chemist Gustav Tammann, and Ernst Rie (1896\u20131921), an Austrian physicist at the University of Vienna. These early investigators did not call the relation the \"Gibbs\u2013Thomson\" equation. That name was in use by 1910 or earlier; it originally referred to equations concerning the adsorption of solutes by interfaces between two phases \u2014 equations that Gibbs and then J. J. Thomson derived. Hence, in the name \"Gibbs\u2013Thomson\" equation, \"Thomson\" refers to J. J. Thomson, not William Thomson (Lord Kelvin). In 1871, William Thomson published an equation describing capillary action and relating the curvature of a liquid-vapor interface to the vapor pressure: formula_16 where In his dissertation of 1885, Robert von Helmholtz (son of German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz) showed how the Ostwald-Freundlich equation formula_27 could be derived from Kelvin's equation. The Gibbs\u2013Thomson equation can then be derived from the Ostwald-Freundlich equation via a simple substitution using the integrated form of the Clausius\u2013Clapeyron relation: formula_28 The Gibbs\u2013Thomson equation can also be derived directly from Gibbs' equation for the energy of an interface between phases. It should be mentioned that in the literature, there is still not agreement about the specific equation to which the name \"Gibbs\u2013Thomson equation\" refers. For example, in the case of some authors, it's another name for the \"Ostwald-Freundlich equation\"\u2014which", "William Thomson (military officer) William Thomson (1727\u20131796) was a South Carolina patriot in the American Revolution. He was Colonel of the Orangeburgh District Regiment of Militia and commander of the 3rd South Carolina Regiment of Rangers. William Thomson was born on January 16, 1727 in Pennsylvania. He was related to Charles Thomson. His parents bought him South Carolina as a boy where they settled along the west side of the Congaree River in Orangeburgh District, where he later served as sheriff and was elected to the First Provincial Congress in January and June of 1775. He was selected as Colonel in early 1775 over the Orangenburgh District Regiment of the South Carolina militia. He was later commissioned as Lieutenant Colonel and commandant of the 3rd South Carolina Regiment of Rangers on June 18, 1775 and later promoted to Colonel on May 16, 1776. He was promoted to Brevet General on September 30, 1783. He was involved in the following engagements: At the fall of Chaleston on May 12, 1780, he was taken prisoner and was paroled until the end of the war. He returned to his estate at Belleville, South Carolina, where he continued the pursuit as an indigo planter. Because of poor health he moved to a medicinal springs in Virginia, where he died on November 22, 1796. The 3rd South Carolina Regiment was originally authorized on June 6, 1775 as the South Carolina Regiment of Horse (Rangers). When organized in the summer of 1775, it consisted of nine companies from western South Carolina. On November 12, 1775, it was re-designated the 3rd South Carolina Regiment. On July 24, 1776, it was placed under the Continental Army and placed under the Southern Department.", "David Couper Thomson David Couper Thomson DL (August 1861 \u20131954) was a Newspaper proprietor and founder of the newspaper and publishing company D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd in Dundee, Scotland. He was the son of William Thomson, shipowner (18 June 1817-unknown) and his wife, Margaret Couper. He was raised in Newport-on-Tay, Fife years of age and was sent to the family shipping business in Glasgow. His father, William Thomson, was a successful draper and later a shipowner, and in 1884 became the major shareholder of the Dundee Courier & Daily Argus. In 1886, at his father's request, David Couper Thomson moved back to Dundee to become the general manager of the paper. The other son, Frederick Thomson (1864-1917), joined the company in 1888. DC Thomson was founded with \u00a360,000 capital. William, David and Frederick had all but four of the company shares which were valued at \u00a310 per share. Each wife had an allocation of one share; the remaining share belonged to Frances Thomas Mudie. When Frederick died in 1917, D.C. became the sole proprietor of the company. Between 1920 and 1922, he actively campaigned using vitriolic rhetoric against one of the two M.P.s for Dundee, then Liberal politician Winston Churchill. At one meeting, Churchill was able to speak for only 40 minutes when he was barracked by a section of the audience. At the General Election of 1922 both of the local newspapers owned by Thomson, the Liberal supporting \"Dundee Advertiser\" and the Conservative inlined \"Courier\" advised their readers to reject Churchill.", "Edward William Thomson (writer) Edward William Thomson (February 12, 1849 \u2013 1924) was a Canadian journalist and writer. He was born in Peel County, Ontario, the grandson of Edward William Thomson, a member of the York militia who was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada. When Thompson was 14, he was sent to Philadelphia to work in a mercantile office; he enlisted in the Union Army in October 1864 (at 15), and saw action during the American Civil Waras a trooper in the 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry. Thomson returned to Canada when discharged in August 1865. He saw combat again the next year, at the Battle of Ridgeway during the Fenian Raids. Thomson took up civil engineering in 1867, and worked as a Land Surveyor from 1872 to 1878. In 1878, at the invitation of publisher George Brown, he became an editorial writer for \"The Toronto Globe\". In 1891 he joined the staff of \"The Youth's Companion\", and worked there for the next 11 years. He wrote a book of short stories, \"Old Man Savarin and Other Stories\" (1895), and one of poetry, \"The Many-Mansioned House and Other Poems\" (1909).", "William Montgomerie Thomson Lieutenant General Sir William Montgomerie Thomson (1877\u20131963) was a senior British Army officer who became military governor of Baku in 1918. Born on 2 December 1877, William Thomson was the fourth son of Captain William Thomson of the 78th Highlanders and Alice Broughton. His older brother was Henry Broughton Thomson; Gwyneth Bebb married another brother, Thomas Weldon Thomson. He was educated at Bedford School. In 1897 he joined the Seaforth Highlanders. He served in Sudan in 1898. During the First World War he commanded the 1st Seaforth Highlanders in France and Mesopotamia between 1915 and 1916, 35th Indian Brigade between 1916 and 1917, and 14th Indian Division between 1917 and 1918. Between September 1918 and May 1919 he commanded the North Persia Force and then British forces in the South Caucasus. On 16 November 1918, in Bandar-e Anzali, Thomson met with Nasib Yusifbeyli, Musa bey Rafiyev and Ahmet A\u011fao\u011flu, representatives of Musavat, the governing party of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR). He outlined his goals as (i) ensuring the evacuation of military units of the Ottoman Army and the ADR from Baku, (ii) preventing Armenian troops from entering Baku, (iii) creating a British administration of local militia, (iv) facilitating the supply of oil from the Baku oilfields for the British, and (v) securing the eastern terminus of the Transcaucasus Railway. He denied that the British would interfere in internal affairs: \"The principle of self-determination of peoples decided at the Paris Peace Conference from which Azerbaijan will not be excluded\". General Thomson arrived in Baku the next day with about 2,000 soldiers of the British Indian Army and a detachment of Russian troops commanded by Nikolai Baratov. This was greeted with enthusiasm by the Russians of Baku."], "answer": {"text": "In July 1865,", "answer_start": 1146}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the William Thomson disaster?", "answer": {"text": "The cable was lost after 1,200 miles (1,900 km) had been laid and the expedition had to be abandoned.", "answer_start": 1285, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_83235491354148f48b6a67944799faae_0_q#2", "question": "What happened after the expedition was abandoned?", "rewrite": "What happened after the July 1865 William Thomson expedition was abandoned?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Edward William Thomson Edward William Thomson (January 1794 \u2013 April 20, 1865) was a farmer and political figure in Upper Canada. He was born in Kingston in 1794 and settled in Scarborough Township in 1808. He served with the York militia during the War of 1812 and the Rebellions of 1837, eventually commanding the 5th militia district in Canada West. He was involved in building locks on the Rideau Canal and worked as a contractor on the Welland Canal in the 1840s. In 1833, he was appointed justice of the peace in the Home District. In 1836, he was elected to the 13th Parliament of Upper Canada in the 2nd riding of York. He was the first president of the provincial Agricultural Association and the York County Agricultural Society. He died in York Township in 1865. His older brother Hugh Christopher Thomson was also a member of the legislative assembly. His grandson, Edward William Thomson, was a journalist and writer.", "However, in 1920, the Gibbs\u2013Thomson equation was first derived in its modern form by two researchers working independently: Friedrich Meissner, a student of the Estonian-German physical chemist Gustav Tammann, and Ernst Rie (1896\u20131921), an Austrian physicist at the University of Vienna. These early investigators did not call the relation the \"Gibbs\u2013Thomson\" equation. That name was in use by 1910 or earlier; it originally referred to equations concerning the adsorption of solutes by interfaces between two phases \u2014 equations that Gibbs and then J. J. Thomson derived. Hence, in the name \"Gibbs\u2013Thomson\" equation, \"Thomson\" refers to J. J. Thomson, not William Thomson (Lord Kelvin). In 1871, William Thomson published an equation describing capillary action and relating the curvature of a liquid-vapor interface to the vapor pressure: formula_16 where In his dissertation of 1885, Robert von Helmholtz (son of German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz) showed how the Ostwald-Freundlich equation formula_27 could be derived from Kelvin's equation. The Gibbs\u2013Thomson equation can then be derived from the Ostwald-Freundlich equation via a simple substitution using the integrated form of the Clausius\u2013Clapeyron relation: formula_28 The Gibbs\u2013Thomson equation can also be derived directly from Gibbs' equation for the energy of an interface between phases. It should be mentioned that in the literature, there is still not agreement about the specific equation to which the name \"Gibbs\u2013Thomson equation\" refers. For example, in the case of some authors, it's another name for the \"Ostwald-Freundlich equation\"\u2014which", "Edward William Thomson (writer) Edward William Thomson (February 12, 1849 \u2013 1924) was a Canadian journalist and writer. He was born in Peel County, Ontario, the grandson of Edward William Thomson, a member of the York militia who was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada. When Thompson was 14, he was sent to Philadelphia to work in a mercantile office; he enlisted in the Union Army in October 1864 (at 15), and saw action during the American Civil Waras a trooper in the 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry. Thomson returned to Canada when discharged in August 1865. He saw combat again the next year, at the Battle of Ridgeway during the Fenian Raids. Thomson took up civil engineering in 1867, and worked as a Land Surveyor from 1872 to 1878. In 1878, at the invitation of publisher George Brown, he became an editorial writer for \"The Toronto Globe\". In 1891 he joined the staff of \"The Youth's Companion\", and worked there for the next 11 years. He wrote a book of short stories, \"Old Man Savarin and Other Stories\" (1895), and one of poetry, \"The Many-Mansioned House and Other Poems\" (1909).", "Thomson's fears were realized when Whitehouse's apparatus proved insufficiently sensitive and had to be replaced by Thomson's mirror galvanometer. Whitehouse continued to maintain that it was his equipment that was providing the service and started to engage in desperate measures to remedy some of the problems. He succeeded only in fatally damaging the cable by applying 2,000 V. When the cable failed completely Whitehouse was dismissed, though Thomson objected and was reprimanded by the board for his interference. Thomson subsequently regretted that he had acquiesced too readily to many of Whitehouse's proposals and had not challenged him with sufficient energy. A joint committee of inquiry was established by the Board of Trade and the Atlantic Telegraph Company. Most of the blame for the cable's failure was found to rest with Whitehouse. The committee found that, though underwater cables were notorious in their lack of reliability, most of the problems arose from known and avoidable causes. Thomson was appointed one of a five-member committee to recommend a specification for a new cable. The committee reported in October 1863. In July 1865, Thomson sailed on the cable-laying expedition of the SS Great Eastern but the voyage was again dogged by technical problems. The cable was lost after 1,200 miles (1,900 km) had been laid and the expedition had to be abandoned. A further expedition in 1866 managed to lay a new cable in two weeks and then go on to recover and complete the 1865 cable. The enterprise was now feted as a triumph by the public and Thomson enjoyed a large share of the adulation. Thomson, along with the other principals of the project, was knighted on 10 November 1866. To exploit his inventions for signalling on long submarine cables, Thomson now entered into a partnership with C.F. Varley and Fleeming Jenkin.", "William Thomson (military officer) William Thomson (1727\u20131796) was a South Carolina patriot in the American Revolution. He was Colonel of the Orangeburgh District Regiment of Militia and commander of the 3rd South Carolina Regiment of Rangers. William Thomson was born on January 16, 1727 in Pennsylvania. He was related to Charles Thomson. His parents bought him South Carolina as a boy where they settled along the west side of the Congaree River in Orangeburgh District, where he later served as sheriff and was elected to the First Provincial Congress in January and June of 1775. He was selected as Colonel in early 1775 over the Orangenburgh District Regiment of the South Carolina militia. He was later commissioned as Lieutenant Colonel and commandant of the 3rd South Carolina Regiment of Rangers on June 18, 1775 and later promoted to Colonel on May 16, 1776. He was promoted to Brevet General on September 30, 1783. He was involved in the following engagements: At the fall of Chaleston on May 12, 1780, he was taken prisoner and was paroled until the end of the war. He returned to his estate at Belleville, South Carolina, where he continued the pursuit as an indigo planter. Because of poor health he moved to a medicinal springs in Virginia, where he died on November 22, 1796. The 3rd South Carolina Regiment was originally authorized on June 6, 1775 as the South Carolina Regiment of Horse (Rangers). When organized in the summer of 1775, it consisted of nine companies from western South Carolina. On November 12, 1775, it was re-designated the 3rd South Carolina Regiment. On July 24, 1776, it was placed under the Continental Army and placed under the Southern Department."], "answer": {"text": "A joint committee of inquiry was established by the Board of Trade and the Atlantic Telegraph Company.", "answer_start": 671}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the William Thomson disaster?", "answer": {"text": "The cable was lost after 1,200 miles (1,900 km) had been laid and the expedition had to be abandoned.", "answer_start": 1285, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what year did this happen?", "answer": {"text": "In July 1865,", "answer_start": 1146, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_83235491354148f48b6a67944799faae_0_q#3", "question": "What was the triumph?", "rewrite": "What was the triumph of William Thomson?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["William Thomson (military officer) William Thomson (1727\u20131796) was a South Carolina patriot in the American Revolution. He was Colonel of the Orangeburgh District Regiment of Militia and commander of the 3rd South Carolina Regiment of Rangers. William Thomson was born on January 16, 1727 in Pennsylvania. He was related to Charles Thomson. His parents bought him South Carolina as a boy where they settled along the west side of the Congaree River in Orangeburgh District, where he later served as sheriff and was elected to the First Provincial Congress in January and June of 1775. He was selected as Colonel in early 1775 over the Orangenburgh District Regiment of the South Carolina militia. He was later commissioned as Lieutenant Colonel and commandant of the 3rd South Carolina Regiment of Rangers on June 18, 1775 and later promoted to Colonel on May 16, 1776. He was promoted to Brevet General on September 30, 1783. He was involved in the following engagements: At the fall of Chaleston on May 12, 1780, he was taken prisoner and was paroled until the end of the war. He returned to his estate at Belleville, South Carolina, where he continued the pursuit as an indigo planter. Because of poor health he moved to a medicinal springs in Virginia, where he died on November 22, 1796. The 3rd South Carolina Regiment was originally authorized on June 6, 1775 as the South Carolina Regiment of Horse (Rangers). When organized in the summer of 1775, it consisted of nine companies from western South Carolina. On November 12, 1775, it was re-designated the 3rd South Carolina Regiment. On July 24, 1776, it was placed under the Continental Army and placed under the Southern Department.", "William Montgomerie Thomson Lieutenant General Sir William Montgomerie Thomson (1877\u20131963) was a senior British Army officer who became military governor of Baku in 1918. Born on 2 December 1877, William Thomson was the fourth son of Captain William Thomson of the 78th Highlanders and Alice Broughton. His older brother was Henry Broughton Thomson; Gwyneth Bebb married another brother, Thomas Weldon Thomson. He was educated at Bedford School. In 1897 he joined the Seaforth Highlanders. He served in Sudan in 1898. During the First World War he commanded the 1st Seaforth Highlanders in France and Mesopotamia between 1915 and 1916, 35th Indian Brigade between 1916 and 1917, and 14th Indian Division between 1917 and 1918. Between September 1918 and May 1919 he commanded the North Persia Force and then British forces in the South Caucasus. On 16 November 1918, in Bandar-e Anzali, Thomson met with Nasib Yusifbeyli, Musa bey Rafiyev and Ahmet A\u011fao\u011flu, representatives of Musavat, the governing party of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR). He outlined his goals as (i) ensuring the evacuation of military units of the Ottoman Army and the ADR from Baku, (ii) preventing Armenian troops from entering Baku, (iii) creating a British administration of local militia, (iv) facilitating the supply of oil from the Baku oilfields for the British, and (v) securing the eastern terminus of the Transcaucasus Railway. He denied that the British would interfere in internal affairs: \"The principle of self-determination of peoples decided at the Paris Peace Conference from which Azerbaijan will not be excluded\". General Thomson arrived in Baku the next day with about 2,000 soldiers of the British Indian Army and a detachment of Russian troops commanded by Nikolai Baratov. This was greeted with enthusiasm by the Russians of Baku.", "However, in 1920, the Gibbs\u2013Thomson equation was first derived in its modern form by two researchers working independently: Friedrich Meissner, a student of the Estonian-German physical chemist Gustav Tammann, and Ernst Rie (1896\u20131921), an Austrian physicist at the University of Vienna. These early investigators did not call the relation the \"Gibbs\u2013Thomson\" equation. That name was in use by 1910 or earlier; it originally referred to equations concerning the adsorption of solutes by interfaces between two phases \u2014 equations that Gibbs and then J. J. Thomson derived. Hence, in the name \"Gibbs\u2013Thomson\" equation, \"Thomson\" refers to J. J. Thomson, not William Thomson (Lord Kelvin). In 1871, William Thomson published an equation describing capillary action and relating the curvature of a liquid-vapor interface to the vapor pressure: formula_16 where In his dissertation of 1885, Robert von Helmholtz (son of German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz) showed how the Ostwald-Freundlich equation formula_27 could be derived from Kelvin's equation. The Gibbs\u2013Thomson equation can then be derived from the Ostwald-Freundlich equation via a simple substitution using the integrated form of the Clausius\u2013Clapeyron relation: formula_28 The Gibbs\u2013Thomson equation can also be derived directly from Gibbs' equation for the energy of an interface between phases. It should be mentioned that in the literature, there is still not agreement about the specific equation to which the name \"Gibbs\u2013Thomson equation\" refers. For example, in the case of some authors, it's another name for the \"Ostwald-Freundlich equation\"\u2014which", "Edward William Thomson (writer) Edward William Thomson (February 12, 1849 \u2013 1924) was a Canadian journalist and writer. He was born in Peel County, Ontario, the grandson of Edward William Thomson, a member of the York militia who was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada. When Thompson was 14, he was sent to Philadelphia to work in a mercantile office; he enlisted in the Union Army in October 1864 (at 15), and saw action during the American Civil Waras a trooper in the 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry. Thomson returned to Canada when discharged in August 1865. He saw combat again the next year, at the Battle of Ridgeway during the Fenian Raids. Thomson took up civil engineering in 1867, and worked as a Land Surveyor from 1872 to 1878. In 1878, at the invitation of publisher George Brown, he became an editorial writer for \"The Toronto Globe\". In 1891 he joined the staff of \"The Youth's Companion\", and worked there for the next 11 years. He wrote a book of short stories, \"Old Man Savarin and Other Stories\" (1895), and one of poetry, \"The Many-Mansioned House and Other Poems\" (1909).", "David Couper Thomson David Couper Thomson DL (August 1861 \u20131954) was a Newspaper proprietor and founder of the newspaper and publishing company D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd in Dundee, Scotland. He was the son of William Thomson, shipowner (18 June 1817-unknown) and his wife, Margaret Couper. He was raised in Newport-on-Tay, Fife years of age and was sent to the family shipping business in Glasgow. His father, William Thomson, was a successful draper and later a shipowner, and in 1884 became the major shareholder of the Dundee Courier & Daily Argus. In 1886, at his father's request, David Couper Thomson moved back to Dundee to become the general manager of the paper. The other son, Frederick Thomson (1864-1917), joined the company in 1888. DC Thomson was founded with \u00a360,000 capital. William, David and Frederick had all but four of the company shares which were valued at \u00a310 per share. Each wife had an allocation of one share; the remaining share belonged to Frances Thomas Mudie. When Frederick died in 1917, D.C. became the sole proprietor of the company. Between 1920 and 1922, he actively campaigned using vitriolic rhetoric against one of the two M.P.s for Dundee, then Liberal politician Winston Churchill. At one meeting, Churchill was able to speak for only 40 minutes when he was barracked by a section of the audience. At the General Election of 1922 both of the local newspapers owned by Thomson, the Liberal supporting \"Dundee Advertiser\" and the Conservative inlined \"Courier\" advised their readers to reject Churchill."], "answer": {"text": "he also devised an automatic curb sender, a kind of telegraph key for sending messages on a cable.", "answer_start": 32}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the William Thomson disaster?", "answer": {"text": "The cable was lost after 1,200 miles (1,900 km) had been laid and the expedition had to be abandoned.", "answer_start": 1285, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what year did this happen?", "answer": {"text": "In July 1865,", "answer_start": 1146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after the expedition was abandoned?", "answer": {"text": "A joint committee of inquiry was established by the Board of Trade and the Atlantic Telegraph Company.", "answer_start": 671, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5a5a9c53c21f4c95a178deae292ae9bd_0_q#0", "question": "Is \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\" Coldplay's album name?", "rewrite": "Is \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\" Coldplay's album name?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Clocks (song) \"Clocks\" is a song by British rock band Coldplay. It was written and composed, as a collaboration between all the members of the band, for their second album \" A Rush of Blood to the Head\". Built around a piano riff, the song features cryptic lyrics concerning themes of contrast and urgency. Several remixes of the track exist and its riff has been widely sampled. The record debuted to critical and commercial success, with critics mainly commenting on the song's piano melody, and winning the Grammy Award for Record of the Year. It was released in the United Kingdom as the third single from \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\", where it reached number nine in the UK Singles Chart. It was released in the United States as the album's second single, it reached number 29 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 9 on the \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart. Considered to be one of Coldplay's signature songs, \"Clocks\" continues to garner critical acclaim, and is often placed on lists ranking the greatest songs of the 2000s and of all time, including being ranked 490th on Rolling Stone's \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" list in 2010. \"Clocks\" was written and composed during the late stages of production of Coldplay's second album, \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\". A riff popped into Chris Martin's mind late one night in Liverpool when he came into the studio, where he then developed it on piano. According to Martin, \"Clocks\" was inspired by the English rock band Muse. Martin presented the riff to the band's guitarist, Jonny Buckland, who then added a layer of guitar chords to the basic track: \"He picked up his guitar [a sure sign that he likes a song] and played these brilliant chords ... It was like a chemical reaction process.\"", "The band wrote more than 20 songs for the album. Some of their new material, including \"In My Place\" and \"Animals\", was played live while the band was still touring Parachutes. The album's title was revealed through a post on the band's official website. The album was released in August 2002 and spawned several popular singles, including \"In My Place\", \"Clocks\", and the ballad \"The Scientist\". The latter was inspired by George Harrison's \"All Things Must Pass\", which was released in 1970. Coldplay toured from June 2002 to September 2003 for the A Rush of Blood to the Head Tour. They visited five continents, including co-headlining festival dates at Glastonbury Festival, V2003 and Rock Werchter. Many concerts showcased elaborate lighting and individualised screens reminiscent of U2's Elevation Tour and Nine Inch Nails' Fragility Tour. During the extended tour, Coldplay recorded a live DVD and CD, Live 2003, at Sydney's Hordern Pavilion. At the 2003 Brit Awards held at Earls Court, London, Coldplay received awards for Best British Group, and Best British Album. On 28 August 2003, Coldplay performed \"The Scientist\" at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards at the Radio City Music Hall in New York City, and won three awards. In December 2003, readers of Rolling Stone chose Coldplay as the best artist and the best band of the year. At that time the band covered The Pretenders' 1983 song \"2000 Miles\" (which was made available for download on their official website). \"2000 Miles\" was the top selling UK download that year, with proceeds from the sales donated to Future Forests and Stop Handgun Violence campaigns. A Rush of Blood to the Head won the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album at the 2003 Grammy Awards.", "In a BBC Radio poll in 2013, the album topped the list ahead of \"Hopes and Fears\" by Keane, \"Rio\" by Duran Duran and \"The Dark Side of the Moon\" by Pink Floyd. The album was also included in the book \"1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die\". \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\" debuted at number-one on the UK Albums Chart selling 273,924 copies. The British Phonographic Industry has since certified the album 9x Platinum for its accumulated sales of over 2.8 million copies. With the subsequent release of \"Clocks\" and \"The Scientist\", the album spent over one year on the chart. \" A Rush of Blood to the Head\" has been placed at number seven on the list of United Kingdom's 20 biggest-selling albums of the 21st century, published by the British trade paper \"Music Week\". In July 2011, \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\" climbed from No. 176 back to No. 44 in the album's 250th charting week there. As of October 2018, the album has sold over 2,960,000 copies in the UK, making it Coldplay's best-selling studio album. It is the tenth best-selling album of the 21st century. In the United States, \"A Rush of Blood\" was Coldplay's first venture into the top 5 with 144,000 copies sold initially, stronger than its predecessor, \"Parachutes\", which debuted at number 189 in December 2000. It has since been certified 4x platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, and it has sold sales 4,925,000 copies as of July 2014.", "A Rush of Blood to the Head Tour A Rush of Blood to the Head Tour was the second concert tour by British band Coldplay. The tour was launched in support of the band's second album, \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\" (2002). The band had over 150 shows in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Australasia. The tour DVD \"Coldplay Live 2003\" was shot at the Hordern Pavilion in Sydney, Australia on 21 and 22 July 2003. Overall, Coldplay's concerts during this period showcased its progression as a bona fide live act. The band began playing more shows in arenas and amphitheatres, moving away from the club venues that dominated earlier tours. Shows also had more elaborate stage and lighting effects. For example, strobe lighting for the song \"Daylight\" featured the image of a rotating sun superimposed over the stage. Taking a cue from U2's Elevation Tour and Nine Inch Nails' Fragility Tour, Coldplay also adopted a series of back screens that displayed video footage of each band member simultaneously. Other highlights included: The 2002 shows contained a rough 50/50 split in material from \"Parachutes\" and \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\". The official tour in 2003 focused on songs from the second album, as well as many unreleased tracks. For example, the future \"Live 2003\" song \"Moses\" and \"Fix You\" B-side \"Pour Me\" were introduced during the tour. Other new songs included future \"X&Y\" b-sides, \"Gravity\" & \"Proof\", \"Your World Turns Upside Down\", which would later become a completely different song called \"The World Turned Upside Down\" as another b-side to \"Fix You\", and an unreleased piano ballad called \"A Ladder to the Sun\".", "It was also nominated for Best Rock Album at the 48th Grammy Awards, but lost to U2's \"How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb\". \" X&Y\" was voted the 32nd best album of the year in \"The Village Voice\"s annual Pazz & Jop critics poll for 2005. On the other hand, \"X&Y\" was voted the second-most overrated album ever made in a 2005 BBC public poll. \"X&Y\" was a commercial success in Europe. The album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart (making it Coldplay's third consecutive number-one debut) with sales totalling 464,471 the second largest opening sales week in UK history at the time. It is currently the fourth highest sales week behind Take That, Oasis and Adele. To date, the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) has certified the album nine-times platinum. The album placed at number nine on the list of United Kingdom's 20 biggest-selling albums of the 21st century, published by the British trade paper \"Music Week\". As of October 2018, the album had sold over 2,790,000 copies in the UK, making it the second best selling Coldplay album behind \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\". The American press have considered \"X&Y\" a landmark achievement of Coldplay. The album debuted at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200, selling 737,000 copies despite the highly competitive retail week. The album gave the band their first US number-one album by debut, and its initial sales surpassed the band's previous album releases; \"Parachutes\" amassed over 6,500 copies in its debut and \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\" with sales of under 141,000. \""], "answer": {"text": "their second album, A Rush of Blood to the Head,", "answer_start": 100}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5a5a9c53c21f4c95a178deae292ae9bd_0_q#1", "question": "When was the album released?", "rewrite": "When was A Rush of Blood to the Head released?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hydra Head Records Hydra Head Records is an independent record label that specializes in extreme metal music, founded in New Mexico by Aaron Turner (the frontman of Isis) in 1993. It has another imprint, Hydra Head Noise Industries, which specializes in experimental and noise music. Hydra Head was founded in 1993 as a distribution company while Turner was still in high school. In 1995, he moved to Boston to attend art school. In late 1995, he was handed a demo by local band Vent. That seven-inch single would be the first record released on Hydra Head. The label grew to accommodate local bands such as Roswell, Corrin, Piebald, and Converge, and after Turner graduated from college in 1999, it became a full-time endeavor. In 2011, Hydra Head relocated to Los Angeles, California, from its former home in Boston, Massachusetts. Some of the bands signed to the label include Cave In, Xasthur, Kayo Dot, Boris, and Jesu. Its discography includes Botch, Khanate, and Harkonen, who were all signed to Hydra Head prior to their respective disbandings. On September 11, 2012, Turner announced the \"imminent demise of Hydra Head Records\", stating that Hydra Head would take its first steps into shutdown \"this December, at which point we are cutting off new releases from the label. \" The label would continue to stay operational, maintaining its back catalogue to pay off its \"rather sizeable debts. \" The label's final release of new material was \"Worship is the Cleansing of the Imagination\", a split album between JK Flesh & Prurient. In 2017, Hydra Head released Oxbow's \"Thin Black Duke\", a long-germinating album that was slated to come out on Hydra Head and had been unable to find another label since Hydra Head's closure.", "Machine Head discography Machine Head is an American heavy metal band formed in 1991 by vocalist/guitarist Robert Flynn and bassist Adam Duce. They have released nine studio albums, two live albums, one extended play, one video album, and thirteen singles. Later that year, Logan Mader and Tony Costanza were hired as guitarist and drummer respectively. Costanza left the band shortly afterwards, being replaced by Chris Kontos. In 1993, they signed to Roadrunner Records and released their debut album, \"Burn My Eyes\", in 1994. Their second album, \"The More Things Change...\", was released in 1997. In 1999, Machine Head released \"The Burning Red\", with this album the band changed its musical direction and were accused of selling out. Despite backlash from the media, the album debuted at number 88 on the \"Billboard\" 200. In 2001, Machine Head released its fourth studio album, \"Supercharger\". The music video for \"Crashing Around You\", taken from this album, was avoided by MTV after the September 11, 2001 attacks due to its depictions of falling buildings. After the music video ban, Roadrunner stopped promoting the album, causing the band to leave the label after the release of a live album, \"Hellalive\", only for contract obligations. The band's fifth studio album, \"Through the Ashes of Empires\", was released in Europe and caught the attention of Roadrunner US. The label asked the band to re-sign to them and the band accepted. In March 2007, Machine Head released its sixth studio album, \"The Blackening\", which debuted at number 54 on the \"Billboard\" 200, their highest chart position in the United States.", "The label first reissued the compilation album \"Unifying Themes Redux\" on September 26, 2006. A live two-disc set titled \"061502\" was released on December 5, 2006. The CD/DVD package features a live recording of Botch's final performance from June 15, 2002 at The Showbox. A remastered version of \"American Nervoso\" was released on July 7, 2007. This updated version was also packaged with various bonus features, including demos and extended versions of some tracks. For example, parts of the song \"Hives\" that were accidentally removed on the original recording were added back. And finally, Hydra Head Records released a two-disc remastered version of \"We Are the Romans\" on September 11, 2007. The second disc featured demo versions of \"We Are the Romans\" tracks and four live songs. In September 2011, Hydra Head announced that they discovered approximately 450 vinyl record jackets for \"We Are the Romans\" in their storage space, and would repress the record using the album's original plates. After the records sold out in less than 20 minutes, the label stated they would make Botch reissues a \"priority for 2012. \" For Record Store Day in 2012, Hydra Head reissued \"An Anthology of Dead Ends\" on vinyl. To commemorate the 10-year anniversary of Botch's final show, Hydra Head released a limited edition windbreaker that was only available for 24 hours on June 15, 2012. In March 2016, Hydra Head released a limited-edition vinyl set featuring all previously released LP editions of Botch's albums spread across nine discs compiled in a silver-foil stamped box featuring a 36-page extended liner note booklet. After Botch broke up, three of the four members continued to compose and perform music with new bands\u2014drummer Tim Latona instead chose to continue his education.", "Bon Scott and Peter Head had a close and enduring friendship and Head has contributed interviews to Bon Scott and AC/DC biographies by Murray Engleheart and Clinton Walker Head moved to Sydney in 1980, performing regularly at Kinselas and Kings Cross nightclubs such as Round Midnight, The Bourbon and Beefsteak, Paradise and Springfields, both solo and with regular musical cohorts Doug Williams, Wendy Saddington, Lucky Starr and Jeff St. John. Head's \"King of the Cross\" recording was inspired by his years working in the Cross, and is rumoured to be based on Abe Saffron. \" Well, the Cross is good, every time you walk down the street there at least ten stories come into your head, all those weird and wonderful people\" he explains. In 2003, Head released \"In The Key of Night\" a solo piano/voice album, recorded to recreate the feel of one of Head's late night piano bar performances at the urging of Big Beat Music's founder. Head has collaborated with three family members: daughter Loene Carmen, son Joshua Beagley, and granddaughter Holiday Sidewinder. He features on Carmen's 2009 album \" It Walks Like Love\" and has played alongside her opening for artists such as Kinky Friedman, The Handsome Family, Renee Geyer and in the band Slow Hand, which featured the \"duelling keyboards\" of Head and organ player Johnny Gauci (2000\u20132005). In 2013 Head and Carmen independently released album \" The Apple Don't Fall Far from the Tree\", a \"charming smoky blues romp driven by Head's bar-room piano. \" It includes original tunes \"Old Hands\" and \"Songs Don't Care\". Head played in Carmen's bands Automatic Cherry and Honky Tonk Angels (for which he also acted as Musical Director and assembled the band).", "They recorded a short demo, including a radio-style song called \"Pins and Needles\", and an Electronic Press Kit for the companies, also hoping they can get signed on the strength of their previous efforts. Nearly every record label in the music industry rejected the four track demo. After Machine Head's European tour, Luster returned to his family business and the band started writing together as a three-piece, while leaving a position open for Demmel. In March 2003, Demmel joined Machine Head as a full-time guitarist and started writing with the band. By June 2003, Machine Head entered a studio with Flynn producing. On December 16, 2003, Machine Head released \"Through the Ashes of Empires\" in Europe. The band was turned down by multiple record labels in the United States, until Roadrunner USA, interested in the new album, offered Machine Head another record contract. Machine Head accepted the offer on the grounds that the band owns 100% of the music. On April 20, 2004, \"Through the Ashes of Empires\" was released in the United States with a bonus track for the Americans' long wait for the album's release. The album debuted at number 88 on the \"Billboard\" 200. The band released a single for \"Imperium\", the video for which received heavy rotation on MTV. Eduardo Rivadavia of AllMusic stated \"Through the Ashes of Empires\" \"marked a return to form in no uncertain terms\". Machine Head headlined the True Metal stage at the 2005 Wacken Open Air festival to 40,000 fans\u2014the band's largest headlining crowd at the time. The band released a DVD containing a full sold-out concert held at the Brixton Academy in December 2004, a documentary, and music videos. The DVD debuted at number 13 on the U.S. music video charts."], "answer": {"text": "The album was released in August 2002", "answer_start": 1089}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\" Coldplay's album name?", "answer": {"text": "their second album, A Rush of Blood to the Head,", "answer_start": 100, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5a5a9c53c21f4c95a178deae292ae9bd_0_q#2", "question": "Who were the band members when the album was released?", "rewrite": "Who were the band members when A Rush of Blood to the Head was released?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Scientist (song) \"The Scientist\" is a song by the rock band Coldplay. The song was written collaboratively by all the band members for their second album, \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\". It is built around a piano ballad, with lyrics telling the story about a man's desire to love and an apology. The song was released in the United Kingdom as the second single from \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\" and reached number 10 in the UK Charts. It was released in the United States as the third single and reached number 18 on the US \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart and number 34 on the Adult Top 40 chart. Critics were highly positive towards \"The Scientist\" and praised the song's piano ballad and falsetto. Several remixes of the track exist, and its riff has been widely sampled. The single's music video won three MTV Music Video Awards, for the video's use of reverse narrative. The song was also featured on the band's 2003 live album \"Live 2003\" and has been a permanent fixture in the band's live set lists since 2002. Lead singer Chris Martin wrote \"The Scientist\" after listening to George Harrison's \"All Things Must Pass\". In an interview with \"Rolling Stone\", Martin revealed that while working on the band's second album, \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\", he knew that the album was missing something. One night, during a stay in Liverpool, Martin found an old piano that was out of tune. He wanted to work on Harrison's song, \"Isn't It a Pity\", but he could not manage to do so. When the song came to Martin, he asked that the recorder be turned on. He concluded by saying that he came across this chord sequence and noted that the chord was \"lovely\".", "Exit... Stage Left (video) Exit... Stage Left is a concert film released on CED, Laserdisc, Betamax, VHS and DVD by the Canadian band Rush. It documents a live concert performance by the band on their 1981 \"Moving Pictures\" tour. In October 1981, the band released an audio album of the same name of the same performance at the Montreal Forum, in Montreal, Quebec on vinyl LP, audiocassette, 8-track cartridge and (later) compact disc. The video has a different track list from the album, as well as voice-over comments from the band members about songwriting and performing and the four songs from the European dates of the Permanent Waves tour, included on the audio album, are not included on the video. The concert film was originally shown on MTV. The CED was released in 1982. The laserdisc and videocassette versions were released in 1983. The CED, videocassette and laserdisc versions are currently out-of-print. In 2006, a DVD version of the original production was released as part of the DVD box set, titled \"Rush Replay X 3\" with its audio re-mastered in 5.1-channel Dolby Surround by Rush guitarist and co-producer Alex Lifeson. In 2007, the DVD version of \"Exit... Stage Left\", as it was included in \"Rush Replay X 3\", was released as a single, stand-alone DVD. The concert footage documented in \"Exit... Stage Left\" was filmed March 27, 1981, at the Montreal Forum, in Montreal, Quebec. All songs are part of the live performance unless specified otherwise. All songs written by all three band members (Geddy Lee, Alex Lifeson, and Neil Peart) except where noted.", "The album spawned the singles \"Speed of Sound\", \"Fix You\", \"Talk\", \"The Hardest Part\", \" What If\", and \"White Shadows\". Coldplay announced details about \"X&Y\" in March 2004 while the album was being recorded. Their initial plans were to stay out of the public eye throughout the year. Lead singer Chris Martin stated, \"We really feel that we have to be away for a while and we certainly won't release anything this year, because I think people are a bit sick of us. \" This plan was not carried out, because of the pressure their second album \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\" had induced; but they were trying \"to make the best thing that anyone has ever heard\". Prior to the announcement, Martin, lead guitarist Jonny Buckland and British record producer Ken Nelson had started recording demos while in Chicago, Illinois. The band then entered a London studio in January 2004. The band spent all of 2004 producing \"X&Y\". The released album is the third version of which the band had produced during their late sessions, and some have even considered it as their fifth album due to constant changes in track lists and re-recordings. The band members were not satisfied with the output of their initial sessions with Nelson, who had produced the band's previous two albums, \"Parachutes\" and \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\". The initial set release date was late 2004, but was later pushed back to January 2005. As the new target date was approaching, the band again discarded songs, which they deemed \"flat\" and \"passionless\". Sixty songs were written during these sessions, fifty-two of which were ditched.", "In My Place \"In My Place\" is a song by British rock band Coldplay. The song was written collaboratively by all the band members for their second album, \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\". The track is built around thumping drums and chiming guitars. It was released on 5 August 2002 as the lead single from \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\" and reached number two on the UK Singles Chart. The song also reached number 17 on \"Billboard\"s Modern Rock Tracks. \"In My Place\" was well received by critics, who complimented its arrangement and profound lyrics. The song won the award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal at the 45th Annual Grammy Awards. In an interview with \"Q\" magazine, lead singer Chris Martin stated that \"In My Place\" was a song Coldplay had left after recording their debut album \"Parachutes\" (2000). When the band finished recording their second album \" A Rush of Blood to the Head\" , Martin said that the album was complete. However, after guitarist Jonny Buckland played the song on his guitar, Martin said that they now needed to record it and include it on the album. Martin also said that: \"That's about where you're put in the world, and how you're given your position, and the way you look, and how you have to get on with it.\" In an interview, Buckland revealed that the song was hard to record, as the band had played the song live. He also commented that when they started recording the song, they did not know how it should sound, due to the band members' contrasting ideas. The song opens with a single crash cymbal followed by two bars of 4/4 drumming, then a plaintive three-note guitar line rings through a strummy rhythm, and Martin's vocals.", "Cold Blood (band) Cold Blood is a long-standing R&B horn funk band founded by Larry Field in 1968 and was originally based in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. The band has also performed and recorded under the name Lydia Pense and Cold Blood, due to the popularity of their lead singer, Lydia Pense. The band first came to prominence in 1969 when rock impresario Bill Graham signed them after an audition and they played the Fillmore West in San Francisco. Pense has been compared to Janis Joplin, and it was Joplin who recommended the audition to Graham. The term \"East Bay Grease\" has been used to describe the San Francisco Bay Area's brass horn heavy funk-rock sound of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, Cold Blood was one of the pioneer bands of this sound. Other bands include Tower of Power, Chicago, and Blood Sweat And Tears. The Tower of Power horn players have performed with Cold Blood on a regular basis since the early 1970s. Skip Mesquite and Mic Gillette have been members of both Tower of Power and Cold Blood. The band disbanded in the late 1970s. Pense suspended her music career in the early 1980s to raise her daughter Danielle, before re-forming the group in 1988. The band stabilized with its current membership in the 1990s. Cold Blood continues to record and perform today, and some former band members such as Raul Matute (and some from Tower of Power) appear on the band's most recent album. Cold Blood is featured playing \"You Got Me Hummin\u2019\" live in , a documentary of the last concerts at the Fillmore West auditorium during July 1971. Original band members were founder Larry Field (lead guitar), Lydia Pense (vocals), Danny Hull (tenor saxophone and songwriter), Larry Jonutz (trumpet;"], "answer": {"text": "Chris Martin", "answer_start": 377}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\" Coldplay's album name?", "answer": {"text": "their second album, A Rush of Blood to the Head,", "answer_start": 100, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "The album was released in August 2002", "answer_start": 1089, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5a5a9c53c21f4c95a178deae292ae9bd_0_q#3", "question": "How many songs were in the album?", "rewrite": "How many songs were in the A Rush of Blood to the Head?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rush started to deviate from its 1980s style with the albums Presto and Roll the Bones. Produced by record engineer and musician Rupert Hine, these two albums saw Rush shedding much of its keyboard-saturated sound. Beginning with Presto (1989), the band opted for arrangements notably more guitar-centric than the previous two studio albums. Although synthesizers were still used in many songs, the instrument was no longer featured as the centrepiece of Rush's compositions. Continuing this trend, Roll the Bones (1991) extended the use of the standard three-instrument approach with even less focus on synthesizers than its predecessor. While musically these albums do not deviate significantly from a general pop-rock sound, Rush incorporated traces of other musical styles. \"Roll the Bones\", for example exhibits funk and hip hop elements, and the instrumental track \"Where's My Thing?\" features several jazz components. This return to three-piece instrumentation helped pave the way for future albums, which would adopt a more streamlined rock formula. The transition from synthesizers to more guitar-oriented and organic instrumentation continued with Counterparts (1993) and its follow-up, Test for Echo (1996), again both produced in collaboration with Peter Collins. Up to this point, Counterparts and Test For Echo were two of Rush's most guitar-driven albums. The latter album also includes elements of jazz and swing-style drumming by Peart, which he had learned from Freddie Gruber during the interim between Counterparts and Test For Echo. In October 1996, in support of Test For Echo, the band embarked on a North American tour, the band's first without an opening act and dubbed \"An Evening with Rush\". The tour was broken up into two segments spanning October through December 1996 and May through July 1997.", "They are songs of love and relationships among young people. The melodies of nightherding songs have certain common stylistic characteristics. Many have a galloping rhythm and tell a love story. The cycle of fieldwork on the farm begins with ploughing. Not many of them are known to exist. They are among the most artistically interesting of Lithuanian lyrical folk songs. They describe the work itself, as well as rural life, relationships and love between young people. The melodies are not specific as the melody is not related to the movement of the work being done. However, the rhythm of the song could be coordinated with the step of the ploughman. A great number of haymaking songs have been recorded in Lithuania. They are also subcategorized into hay mowing and raking songs. Many songs combine both topics. Hay raking songs are more melancholy than the mowing songs, and they often contain imagery about an orphan girl. Other songs describe all of the tasks associated with haymaking, beginning with the mowing and ending with the feeding of the hay to the animals. Haymaking songs often personify a clover or other beautifully blossoming flower, and often contain references to love. Young peoples' feelings are expressed through the images of the haymaking process. For example, the song \"\"Ein bernelis per lankel\u0119\"\" (There goes a lad through the field) tells of a brother working in the field with a steel scythe. He plans to mow the clover and adorn his hat with it before enticing the young maiden. In contrast to these love songs are songs focusing on the topic of war. They ruefully sing of the brother who must go off to the great war. Many songs tell off the rounding up of recruits, which shows that these songs are from the first half of the 19th century. Refrains are common in haymaking songs.", "In My Place\" was the first song recorded for the album and the one that the band released as the album's lead single \"because it was the song that made us want to do a second album. It kept us going and made us think we could still write songs\", following \"a strange period of not really knowing what we were doing\" three months after the success of \"Parachutes\". The band wrote more than twenty songs for the album and some of those, including \"In My Place\" and \"Animals\", were performed live during the tours promoting \"Parachutes\". The album's title was revealed through a post on the band's official website. During initial recording sessions in Liverpool, lead singer Chris Martin and guitarist Jonny Buckland worked alone, and only on weekends. Each Monday, they would present the song ideas that they had developed to their bandmates. With \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\" nearly completed, Martin went into the studio late one night and wrote a piano riff that he has stated \"just came out\". The band recognised that this early version of the song, that would become \"Clocks\", was special the first time Martin played it to them. Reasoning that it was too late to include the song on the album, they recorded a demo version and included it on a CD marked \"Songs for #3\", featuring unfinished tracks they intended to work on for their third studio album. By June 2002, the band had completed \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\", but thought their output sounded \"rubbish\" and reached an agreement with the label to postpone the release of the album until they were completely satisfied. Subsequently, many songs were discarded because they sounded like they could have been on \"Parachutes\".", "Queen City Kids Queen City Kids (QCK) is a band from Regina, Saskatchewan. The four current members of QCK met while in high school in Regina, and formed a band in December 1968 originally called Cambridge. They were together as a bar band for 12 years before getting signed without a member change. In 1970 the band played at the annual Pile of Bones Day festival in Wascana Park in Regina. After such success and a good response from the crowd, the boys decided to push forward and work harder. The VIP\u2019s won the 2nd place for the 1971 Saskatchewan Homecoming talent contest. They interpreted many songs by the Beatles as well other British songs. As they had a lot of British rock influence, they wanted a new name and image that would resemble that of a British band. Jeff came up with a new name, Cambridge, which was taken up soon after the suggestion. Cambridge auditioned for Nellis booking agency, once successful, they were booked to play for small gatherings all over Saskatchewan during the early and mid 70s. With their growing success Cambridge decided to audition at The Quicksilver Talent Agency for representation. The agency was responsible for the bookings of local bands that boys considered as role models: such as Wascana, Eden and Sunband. A call was made to the co-owner Don Hergott; a meeting was set up at the Regina Inn coffee house. From that moment on, Cambridge was to be exclusively booked by The Quicksilver Talent Agency. In 1976, the band caught Gary Stratychuk\u2019s eye (the manager of Wascana), Gary booked Cambridge to open for Rush at the Trianon ballroom. Rush requested Cambridge for their next Saskatchewan tour. The members of Rush offered a lot of good advice to the boys, including the necessity of having a good manager, Gary Stratychuk was mentioned by a member of Rush.", "A Rush of Blood to the Head Tour A Rush of Blood to the Head Tour was the second concert tour by British band Coldplay. The tour was launched in support of the band's second album, \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\" (2002). The band had over 150 shows in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Australasia. The tour DVD \"Coldplay Live 2003\" was shot at the Hordern Pavilion in Sydney, Australia on 21 and 22 July 2003. Overall, Coldplay's concerts during this period showcased its progression as a bona fide live act. The band began playing more shows in arenas and amphitheatres, moving away from the club venues that dominated earlier tours. Shows also had more elaborate stage and lighting effects. For example, strobe lighting for the song \"Daylight\" featured the image of a rotating sun superimposed over the stage. Taking a cue from U2's Elevation Tour and Nine Inch Nails' Fragility Tour, Coldplay also adopted a series of back screens that displayed video footage of each band member simultaneously. Other highlights included: The 2002 shows contained a rough 50/50 split in material from \"Parachutes\" and \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\". The official tour in 2003 focused on songs from the second album, as well as many unreleased tracks. For example, the future \"Live 2003\" song \"Moses\" and \"Fix You\" B-side \"Pour Me\" were introduced during the tour. Other new songs included future \"X&Y\" b-sides, \"Gravity\" & \"Proof\", \"Your World Turns Upside Down\", which would later become a completely different song called \"The World Turned Upside Down\" as another b-side to \"Fix You\", and an unreleased piano ballad called \"A Ladder to the Sun\"."], "answer": {"text": "The band wrote more than 20 songs for the album.", "answer_start": 834}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\" Coldplay's album name?", "answer": {"text": "their second album, A Rush of Blood to the Head,", "answer_start": 100, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "The album was released in August 2002", "answer_start": 1089, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the band members when the album was released?", "answer": {"text": "Chris Martin", "answer_start": 377, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5a5a9c53c21f4c95a178deae292ae9bd_0_q#5", "question": "What did they gain from that album?", "rewrite": "What did Coldplay gain from A Rush of Blood to the Head?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Clocks (song) \"Clocks\" is a song by British rock band Coldplay. It was written and composed, as a collaboration between all the members of the band, for their second album \" A Rush of Blood to the Head\". Built around a piano riff, the song features cryptic lyrics concerning themes of contrast and urgency. Several remixes of the track exist and its riff has been widely sampled. The record debuted to critical and commercial success, with critics mainly commenting on the song's piano melody, and winning the Grammy Award for Record of the Year. It was released in the United Kingdom as the third single from \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\", where it reached number nine in the UK Singles Chart. It was released in the United States as the album's second single, it reached number 29 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 9 on the \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart. Considered to be one of Coldplay's signature songs, \"Clocks\" continues to garner critical acclaim, and is often placed on lists ranking the greatest songs of the 2000s and of all time, including being ranked 490th on Rolling Stone's \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" list in 2010. \"Clocks\" was written and composed during the late stages of production of Coldplay's second album, \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\". A riff popped into Chris Martin's mind late one night in Liverpool when he came into the studio, where he then developed it on piano. According to Martin, \"Clocks\" was inspired by the English rock band Muse. Martin presented the riff to the band's guitarist, Jonny Buckland, who then added a layer of guitar chords to the basic track: \"He picked up his guitar [a sure sign that he likes a song] and played these brilliant chords ... It was like a chemical reaction process.\"", "In a BBC Radio poll in 2013, the album topped the list ahead of \"Hopes and Fears\" by Keane, \"Rio\" by Duran Duran and \"The Dark Side of the Moon\" by Pink Floyd. The album was also included in the book \"1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die\". \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\" debuted at number-one on the UK Albums Chart selling 273,924 copies. The British Phonographic Industry has since certified the album 9x Platinum for its accumulated sales of over 2.8 million copies. With the subsequent release of \"Clocks\" and \"The Scientist\", the album spent over one year on the chart. \" A Rush of Blood to the Head\" has been placed at number seven on the list of United Kingdom's 20 biggest-selling albums of the 21st century, published by the British trade paper \"Music Week\". In July 2011, \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\" climbed from No. 176 back to No. 44 in the album's 250th charting week there. As of October 2018, the album has sold over 2,960,000 copies in the UK, making it Coldplay's best-selling studio album. It is the tenth best-selling album of the 21st century. In the United States, \"A Rush of Blood\" was Coldplay's first venture into the top 5 with 144,000 copies sold initially, stronger than its predecessor, \"Parachutes\", which debuted at number 189 in December 2000. It has since been certified 4x platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, and it has sold sales 4,925,000 copies as of July 2014.", "A Rush of Blood to the Head Tour A Rush of Blood to the Head Tour was the second concert tour by British band Coldplay. The tour was launched in support of the band's second album, \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\" (2002). The band had over 150 shows in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Australasia. The tour DVD \"Coldplay Live 2003\" was shot at the Hordern Pavilion in Sydney, Australia on 21 and 22 July 2003. Overall, Coldplay's concerts during this period showcased its progression as a bona fide live act. The band began playing more shows in arenas and amphitheatres, moving away from the club venues that dominated earlier tours. Shows also had more elaborate stage and lighting effects. For example, strobe lighting for the song \"Daylight\" featured the image of a rotating sun superimposed over the stage. Taking a cue from U2's Elevation Tour and Nine Inch Nails' Fragility Tour, Coldplay also adopted a series of back screens that displayed video footage of each band member simultaneously. Other highlights included: The 2002 shows contained a rough 50/50 split in material from \"Parachutes\" and \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\". The official tour in 2003 focused on songs from the second album, as well as many unreleased tracks. For example, the future \"Live 2003\" song \"Moses\" and \"Fix You\" B-side \"Pour Me\" were introduced during the tour. Other new songs included future \"X&Y\" b-sides, \"Gravity\" & \"Proof\", \"Your World Turns Upside Down\", which would later become a completely different song called \"The World Turned Upside Down\" as another b-side to \"Fix You\", and an unreleased piano ballad called \"A Ladder to the Sun\".", "The band wrote more than 20 songs for the album. Some of their new material, including \"In My Place\" and \"Animals\", was played live while the band was still touring Parachutes. The album's title was revealed through a post on the band's official website. The album was released in August 2002 and spawned several popular singles, including \"In My Place\", \"Clocks\", and the ballad \"The Scientist\". The latter was inspired by George Harrison's \"All Things Must Pass\", which was released in 1970. Coldplay toured from June 2002 to September 2003 for the A Rush of Blood to the Head Tour. They visited five continents, including co-headlining festival dates at Glastonbury Festival, V2003 and Rock Werchter. Many concerts showcased elaborate lighting and individualised screens reminiscent of U2's Elevation Tour and Nine Inch Nails' Fragility Tour. During the extended tour, Coldplay recorded a live DVD and CD, Live 2003, at Sydney's Hordern Pavilion. At the 2003 Brit Awards held at Earls Court, London, Coldplay received awards for Best British Group, and Best British Album. On 28 August 2003, Coldplay performed \"The Scientist\" at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards at the Radio City Music Hall in New York City, and won three awards. In December 2003, readers of Rolling Stone chose Coldplay as the best artist and the best band of the year. At that time the band covered The Pretenders' 1983 song \"2000 Miles\" (which was made available for download on their official website). \"2000 Miles\" was the top selling UK download that year, with proceeds from the sales donated to Future Forests and Stop Handgun Violence campaigns. A Rush of Blood to the Head won the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album at the 2003 Grammy Awards.", "List of former ACC Network (Raycom Sports) affiliates The following is a list of affiliates with the former ACC Network, an ad hoc syndicated sports network operated by Raycom Sports and featuring the athletic teams of the Atlantic Coast Conference. This network is not to be confused with the ACC Network linear channel announced on 2016 July 21 by the league and ESPN, which is slated for launch in 2019. The stations listed below include all stations that broadcast the syndication package. Note: The ACC Men's Basketball Tournament was not broadcast by ACC Network affiliates outside the ACC's geographical footprint as ESPN, ESPN2, and ESPNU have rights to that tournament in areas outside the ACC footprint. The ESPN, ESPN2, and ESPNU broadcasts of the tournament are no longer blacked out in areas inside the ACC's footprint, which as of 2014, includes North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Indiana, Florida, Virginia, Maryland, Washington, D.C., Delaware, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. The current ACC Network included: These were the official ACC Network affiliates throughout the United States. All ACC Network broadcast games are also streamed on the internet via ESPN's online-exclusive streaming service ESPN3, which is available only to current cable and satellite TV subscribers. Some select games are also broadcast on the AFN Sports division of the American Forces Network serving fans who are serving in the United States Armed Forces."], "answer": {"text": "won the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album at the 2003 Grammy Awards. At the 2004 Grammy Awards, Coldplay earned Record of the Year", "answer_start": 704}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is \"A Rush of Blood to the Head\" Coldplay's album name?", "answer": {"text": "their second album, A Rush of Blood to the Head,", "answer_start": 100, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "The album was released in August 2002", "answer_start": 1089, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the band members when the album was released?", "answer": {"text": "Chris Martin", "answer_start": 377, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many songs were in the album?", "answer": {"text": "The band wrote more than 20 songs for the album.", "answer_start": 834, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many disks did the album sell?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cff29248077e4c21be6289a642529ba1_0_q#0", "question": "Where did Sylvia Plath attend college?", "rewrite": "Where did Sylvia Plath attend college?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sylvia Plath effect The Sylvia Plath effect is the phenomenon that poets are more susceptible to mental illness than other creative writers. The term was coined in 2001 by psychologist James C. Kaufman. This early finding has been dubbed \"the Sylvia Plath effect\", and implications and possibilities for future research are discussed. Kaufman's work further demonstrated that female poets were more likely to experience mental illness than any other class of writers. In addition, female poets were more likely to be mentally ill than other eminent women, such as politicians, actresses, and artists. The effect is named after Sylvia Plath, who took her own life at the age of 30. Although many studies (e.g., Andreasen, 1987; Jamison, 1989; Ludwig, 1995) have demonstrated that creative writers are prone to mental illness, this relationship has not been examined in depth. From early adolescence through adulthood, women are twice as likely as men to experience depression. Plath's illness and suicide have spawned many articles in scientific journals, but almost all have been focused on issues of psychodynamic explanation and have been unsuccessful in dealing directly with the clinical history and diagnosis. Undeniably, the view has been broadly proliferated that hers was a typical manic-depressive illness. In one study, 1,629 writers were analyzed for signs of mental illness. Female poets were found to be significantly more likely to experience mental illness than female fiction writers or male writers of any type. Another study extended the analysis to 520 eminent women (poets, fiction writers, non-fiction writers, visual artists, politicians, and actresses), and again found the poets to be significantly more likely to experience mental illness.", "Sylvia's Death \"Sylvia\u2019s Death\" is a poem by American writer and poetess Anne Sexton (1928\u20131974) written in 1963. \"Sylvia's Death\" was first seen within Sexton's short memoir \u201cThe Barfly Ought to Sing\u201d for TriQuarterly magazine. The poem was also then included in her 1966 Pulitzer Prize winning collection of poems \"Live or Die\"\". \" The poem is highly confessional in tone, focusing on the suicide of friend and fellow poet Sylvia Plath in 1963, as well as Sexton\u2019s own yearning for death. Due to the fact that Sexton wrote the poem only days after Plath\u2019s passing within February of 1963, \"Sylvia\u2019s Death\" is often seen as an elegy for Plath. The poem is also thought to have underlying themes of female suppression, suffering, and death due to the confines of domesticity subsequent of the patriarchy. \u201cSylvia\u2019s Death\u201d is a 3-page, 140 line elegiac poem dedicated to Sylvia Plath. The poem opens by asking Plath where she went, and how she found the courage to finally give into suicide. Sexton continues to directly address Plath for the entirety of the poem. As the poem continues, Sexton writes of discussions, moments and the passionate wish for death the two shared throughout their letters and friendship. Nearing the end of the work, Sexton recognises the close relationship Plath held with death, and concludes the poem calling Plath a \"friend\", \"tiny mother\", \"funny duchess\" and \"blonde thing\". Despite growing up in the same town, Wellesley, Massachusetts, Sexton and Plath first met in Robert Lowell\u2019s graduate writing class at Boston University in 1958.", "Jacqueline Rose Jacqueline Rose, FBA (born 1949 in London) is a British academic who is Professor of Humanities at the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities. Rose was born into a non-practising Jewish family. Her elder sister was the philosopher Gillian Rose. Jacqueline Rose is known for her work on the relationship between psychoanalysis, feminism and literature. She is a graduate of St Hilda's College, Oxford and gained her higher degree (\"ma\u00eetrise\") from the Sorbonne, Paris and her doctorate from the University of London. Rose's book \"Albertine\", a novel from 2001, is a feminist variation on Marcel Proust's \"\u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu\". Rose is best known for her critical study on the life and work of American poet Sylvia Plath, \"The Haunting of Sylvia Plath\", published in 1991. In the book, Rose offers a postmodernist feminist interpretation of Plath's work, and criticises Plath's husband Ted Hughes and other editors of Plath's writing. Rose describes the hostility she experienced from Hughes and his sister (who acts as literary executor to Plath's estate) including threats received from Hughes about some of Rose's analysis of Plath's poem \"The Rabbit Catcher\". \" The Haunting of Sylvia Plath\" was critically acclaimed, and itself subject to a famous critique by Janet Malcolm in her book \"The Silent Woman: Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes\". Rose is a broadcaster and contributor to the \"London Review of Books\". Rose's \"States of Fantasy\" was the inspiration for composer Mohammed Fairouz's Double Concerto of the same title. Rose is highly critical of Zionism, describing it as \"[having] been traumatic for the Jews as well as the Palestinians\".", "Aurelia Plath Aurelia Frances Plath (n\u00e9e Schober; April 26, 1906 \u2013 March 11, 1994) was the wife of Otto Emil Plath, the mother of the American poet Sylvia Plath, and her brother Warren, and the grandmother of Frieda Rebecca Hughes and Nicholas Farrar Hughes. Aurelia Plath was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the daughter of Franz (Frank) Schober of Bad Aussee, Styria, and his wife Aurelia Gr\u00fcnwald (Greenwood). Sylvia Plath made reference to her grandmother by making \"Esther Greenwood\" the name of the heroine in her semi-autobiographical novel \"The Bell Jar\". The relationship between Plath and her daughter was a rather problematic and ambiguous one, for on the one hand they were exceptionally close to each other, and on the other hand Sylvia Plath often claimed that she hated her mother. Their relationship is portrayed in Plath's novel \"The Bell Jar\", and in the poem \"Medusa\". In 1975, Plath published her daughter's letters from 1950-1963 as \"\". Plath died, aged 87, of complications from Alzheimer's disease in Needham, Massachusetts.", "\" Plath's poem \"The Jailor\", in which the speaker condemns her husband's brutality, was included in the 1970 anthology \". \" Radical feminist poet Robin Morgan published the poem \"Arraignment\", in which she openly accused Hughes of the battery and murder of Plath. There were lawsuits, Morgan's 1972 book \"Monster\" which contained that poem was banned, and underground, pirated editions of it were published. Other radical feminists threatened to kill Hughes in Plath's name. In 1989, with Hughes under public attack, a battle raged in the letters pages of \"The Guardian\" and \"The Independent\". In \"The Guardian\" on 20 April 1989, Hughes wrote the article \"The Place Where Sylvia Plath Should Rest in Peace\": In the years soon after [Plath's] death, when scholars approached me, I tried to take their apparently serious concern for the truth about Sylvia Plath seriously. But I learned my lesson early... If I tried too hard to tell them exactly how something happened, in the hope of correcting some fantasy, I was quite likely to be accused of trying to suppress Free Speech. In general, my refusal to have anything to do with the Plath Fantasia has been regarded as an attempt to suppress Free Speech... The Fantasia about Sylvia Plath is more needed than the facts. Where that leaves respect for the truth of her life (and of mine), or for her memory, or for the literary tradition, I do not know. As Plath's widower, Hughes became the executor of Plath's personal and literary estates. He oversaw the publication of her manuscripts, including \"Ariel\" (1966). Some critics were dissatisfied by his choice of poem order and omissions in the book and some critics of Hughes"], "answer": {"text": "In 1950, Plath attended Smith College and excelled academically.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_cff29248077e4c21be6289a642529ba1_0_q#2", "question": "Did she attend any other schools?", "rewrite": "Aside from Smith College, did Sylvia Plath attend any other schools?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["\" Plath's poem \"The Jailor\", in which the speaker condemns her husband's brutality, was included in the 1970 anthology \". \" Radical feminist poet Robin Morgan published the poem \"Arraignment\", in which she openly accused Hughes of the battery and murder of Plath. There were lawsuits, Morgan's 1972 book \"Monster\" which contained that poem was banned, and underground, pirated editions of it were published. Other radical feminists threatened to kill Hughes in Plath's name. In 1989, with Hughes under public attack, a battle raged in the letters pages of \"The Guardian\" and \"The Independent\". In \"The Guardian\" on 20 April 1989, Hughes wrote the article \"The Place Where Sylvia Plath Should Rest in Peace\": In the years soon after [Plath's] death, when scholars approached me, I tried to take their apparently serious concern for the truth about Sylvia Plath seriously. But I learned my lesson early... If I tried too hard to tell them exactly how something happened, in the hope of correcting some fantasy, I was quite likely to be accused of trying to suppress Free Speech. In general, my refusal to have anything to do with the Plath Fantasia has been regarded as an attempt to suppress Free Speech... The Fantasia about Sylvia Plath is more needed than the facts. Where that leaves respect for the truth of her life (and of mine), or for her memory, or for the literary tradition, I do not know. As Plath's widower, Hughes became the executor of Plath's personal and literary estates. He oversaw the publication of her manuscripts, including \"Ariel\" (1966). Some critics were dissatisfied by his choice of poem order and omissions in the book and some critics of Hughes", "Jacqueline Rose Jacqueline Rose, FBA (born 1949 in London) is a British academic who is Professor of Humanities at the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities. Rose was born into a non-practising Jewish family. Her elder sister was the philosopher Gillian Rose. Jacqueline Rose is known for her work on the relationship between psychoanalysis, feminism and literature. She is a graduate of St Hilda's College, Oxford and gained her higher degree (\"ma\u00eetrise\") from the Sorbonne, Paris and her doctorate from the University of London. Rose's book \"Albertine\", a novel from 2001, is a feminist variation on Marcel Proust's \"\u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu\". Rose is best known for her critical study on the life and work of American poet Sylvia Plath, \"The Haunting of Sylvia Plath\", published in 1991. In the book, Rose offers a postmodernist feminist interpretation of Plath's work, and criticises Plath's husband Ted Hughes and other editors of Plath's writing. Rose describes the hostility she experienced from Hughes and his sister (who acts as literary executor to Plath's estate) including threats received from Hughes about some of Rose's analysis of Plath's poem \"The Rabbit Catcher\". \" The Haunting of Sylvia Plath\" was critically acclaimed, and itself subject to a famous critique by Janet Malcolm in her book \"The Silent Woman: Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes\". Rose is a broadcaster and contributor to the \"London Review of Books\". Rose's \"States of Fantasy\" was the inspiration for composer Mohammed Fairouz's Double Concerto of the same title. Rose is highly critical of Zionism, describing it as \"[having] been traumatic for the Jews as well as the Palestinians\".", "Aurelia Plath Aurelia Frances Plath (n\u00e9e Schober; April 26, 1906 \u2013 March 11, 1994) was the wife of Otto Emil Plath, the mother of the American poet Sylvia Plath, and her brother Warren, and the grandmother of Frieda Rebecca Hughes and Nicholas Farrar Hughes. Aurelia Plath was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the daughter of Franz (Frank) Schober of Bad Aussee, Styria, and his wife Aurelia Gr\u00fcnwald (Greenwood). Sylvia Plath made reference to her grandmother by making \"Esther Greenwood\" the name of the heroine in her semi-autobiographical novel \"The Bell Jar\". The relationship between Plath and her daughter was a rather problematic and ambiguous one, for on the one hand they were exceptionally close to each other, and on the other hand Sylvia Plath often claimed that she hated her mother. Their relationship is portrayed in Plath's novel \"The Bell Jar\", and in the poem \"Medusa\". In 1975, Plath published her daughter's letters from 1950-1963 as \"\". Plath died, aged 87, of complications from Alzheimer's disease in Needham, Massachusetts.", "Sylvia (2003 film) Sylvia is a 2003 British biographical drama film directed by Christine Jeffs and starring Gwyneth Paltrow, Daniel Craig, Jared Harris, and Michael Gambon. It tells a story based on the real-life romance between prominent poets Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes. The film begins with their meeting at Cambridge in 1956 and ends with Sylvia Plath's suicide in 1963. Frieda Hughes, Sylvia and Ted's daughter, accused the filmmakers of profiting from her mother's death. Born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1932, Plath developed a precocious talent as a writer, publishing her first poem when she was only eight years old. That same year, tragedy introduced itself into her life as Plath was forced to confront the unexpected death of her father. In 1950, she began studying at Smith College on a literary scholarship, and while she was an outstanding student, she also began suffering from bouts of extreme depression. Following her junior year, she attempted suicide for the first time. Plath survived, and, in 1955, she was granted a Fulbright Scholarship to study in England at the University of Cambridge. The film begins with a shot of Plath sleeping, then opening her eyes. As a student at Cambridge she rides along on her red bicycle and wearing an academic gown. She hears of a party to celebrate the publishing of a magazine called St. Botolph's, where she meets the young poet Ted Hughes. The two fall in love and marry in 1956, then go off to Massachusetts where her mother lives (Aurelia Plath, played by Paltrow's mother Blythe Danner). While they both are teaching at Smith College. Sylvia quickly learns that others are also enthralled with her husband, for a combination of his good looks, charisma, fame and success.", "Sylvia's Death \"Sylvia\u2019s Death\" is a poem by American writer and poetess Anne Sexton (1928\u20131974) written in 1963. \"Sylvia's Death\" was first seen within Sexton's short memoir \u201cThe Barfly Ought to Sing\u201d for TriQuarterly magazine. The poem was also then included in her 1966 Pulitzer Prize winning collection of poems \"Live or Die\"\". \" The poem is highly confessional in tone, focusing on the suicide of friend and fellow poet Sylvia Plath in 1963, as well as Sexton\u2019s own yearning for death. Due to the fact that Sexton wrote the poem only days after Plath\u2019s passing within February of 1963, \"Sylvia\u2019s Death\" is often seen as an elegy for Plath. The poem is also thought to have underlying themes of female suppression, suffering, and death due to the confines of domesticity subsequent of the patriarchy. \u201cSylvia\u2019s Death\u201d is a 3-page, 140 line elegiac poem dedicated to Sylvia Plath. The poem opens by asking Plath where she went, and how she found the courage to finally give into suicide. Sexton continues to directly address Plath for the entirety of the poem. As the poem continues, Sexton writes of discussions, moments and the passionate wish for death the two shared throughout their letters and friendship. Nearing the end of the work, Sexton recognises the close relationship Plath held with death, and concludes the poem calling Plath a \"friend\", \"tiny mother\", \"funny duchess\" and \"blonde thing\". Despite growing up in the same town, Wellesley, Massachusetts, Sexton and Plath first met in Robert Lowell\u2019s graduate writing class at Boston University in 1958."], "answer": {"text": "Smith College", "answer_start": 24}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Sylvia Plath attend college?", "answer": {"text": "In 1950, Plath attended Smith College and excelled academically.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she study?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cff29248077e4c21be6289a642529ba1_0_q#3", "question": "What was significant about her college years?", "rewrite": "What was significant about Sylvia Plath's college years?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Sylvia's Death \"Sylvia\u2019s Death\" is a poem by American writer and poetess Anne Sexton (1928\u20131974) written in 1963. \"Sylvia's Death\" was first seen within Sexton's short memoir \u201cThe Barfly Ought to Sing\u201d for TriQuarterly magazine. The poem was also then included in her 1966 Pulitzer Prize winning collection of poems \"Live or Die\"\". \" The poem is highly confessional in tone, focusing on the suicide of friend and fellow poet Sylvia Plath in 1963, as well as Sexton\u2019s own yearning for death. Due to the fact that Sexton wrote the poem only days after Plath\u2019s passing within February of 1963, \"Sylvia\u2019s Death\" is often seen as an elegy for Plath. The poem is also thought to have underlying themes of female suppression, suffering, and death due to the confines of domesticity subsequent of the patriarchy. \u201cSylvia\u2019s Death\u201d is a 3-page, 140 line elegiac poem dedicated to Sylvia Plath. The poem opens by asking Plath where she went, and how she found the courage to finally give into suicide. Sexton continues to directly address Plath for the entirety of the poem. As the poem continues, Sexton writes of discussions, moments and the passionate wish for death the two shared throughout their letters and friendship. Nearing the end of the work, Sexton recognises the close relationship Plath held with death, and concludes the poem calling Plath a \"friend\", \"tiny mother\", \"funny duchess\" and \"blonde thing\". Despite growing up in the same town, Wellesley, Massachusetts, Sexton and Plath first met in Robert Lowell\u2019s graduate writing class at Boston University in 1958.", "\" Plath's poem \"The Jailor\", in which the speaker condemns her husband's brutality, was included in the 1970 anthology \". \" Radical feminist poet Robin Morgan published the poem \"Arraignment\", in which she openly accused Hughes of the battery and murder of Plath. There were lawsuits, Morgan's 1972 book \"Monster\" which contained that poem was banned, and underground, pirated editions of it were published. Other radical feminists threatened to kill Hughes in Plath's name. In 1989, with Hughes under public attack, a battle raged in the letters pages of \"The Guardian\" and \"The Independent\". In \"The Guardian\" on 20 April 1989, Hughes wrote the article \"The Place Where Sylvia Plath Should Rest in Peace\": In the years soon after [Plath's] death, when scholars approached me, I tried to take their apparently serious concern for the truth about Sylvia Plath seriously. But I learned my lesson early... If I tried too hard to tell them exactly how something happened, in the hope of correcting some fantasy, I was quite likely to be accused of trying to suppress Free Speech. In general, my refusal to have anything to do with the Plath Fantasia has been regarded as an attempt to suppress Free Speech... The Fantasia about Sylvia Plath is more needed than the facts. Where that leaves respect for the truth of her life (and of mine), or for her memory, or for the literary tradition, I do not know. As Plath's widower, Hughes became the executor of Plath's personal and literary estates. He oversaw the publication of her manuscripts, including \"Ariel\" (1966). Some critics were dissatisfied by his choice of poem order and omissions in the book and some critics of Hughes", "Jacqueline Rose Jacqueline Rose, FBA (born 1949 in London) is a British academic who is Professor of Humanities at the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities. Rose was born into a non-practising Jewish family. Her elder sister was the philosopher Gillian Rose. Jacqueline Rose is known for her work on the relationship between psychoanalysis, feminism and literature. She is a graduate of St Hilda's College, Oxford and gained her higher degree (\"ma\u00eetrise\") from the Sorbonne, Paris and her doctorate from the University of London. Rose's book \"Albertine\", a novel from 2001, is a feminist variation on Marcel Proust's \"\u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu\". Rose is best known for her critical study on the life and work of American poet Sylvia Plath, \"The Haunting of Sylvia Plath\", published in 1991. In the book, Rose offers a postmodernist feminist interpretation of Plath's work, and criticises Plath's husband Ted Hughes and other editors of Plath's writing. Rose describes the hostility she experienced from Hughes and his sister (who acts as literary executor to Plath's estate) including threats received from Hughes about some of Rose's analysis of Plath's poem \"The Rabbit Catcher\". \" The Haunting of Sylvia Plath\" was critically acclaimed, and itself subject to a famous critique by Janet Malcolm in her book \"The Silent Woman: Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes\". Rose is a broadcaster and contributor to the \"London Review of Books\". Rose's \"States of Fantasy\" was the inspiration for composer Mohammed Fairouz's Double Concerto of the same title. Rose is highly critical of Zionism, describing it as \"[having] been traumatic for the Jews as well as the Palestinians\".", "Sylvia (2003 film) Sylvia is a 2003 British biographical drama film directed by Christine Jeffs and starring Gwyneth Paltrow, Daniel Craig, Jared Harris, and Michael Gambon. It tells a story based on the real-life romance between prominent poets Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes. The film begins with their meeting at Cambridge in 1956 and ends with Sylvia Plath's suicide in 1963. Frieda Hughes, Sylvia and Ted's daughter, accused the filmmakers of profiting from her mother's death. Born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1932, Plath developed a precocious talent as a writer, publishing her first poem when she was only eight years old. That same year, tragedy introduced itself into her life as Plath was forced to confront the unexpected death of her father. In 1950, she began studying at Smith College on a literary scholarship, and while she was an outstanding student, she also began suffering from bouts of extreme depression. Following her junior year, she attempted suicide for the first time. Plath survived, and, in 1955, she was granted a Fulbright Scholarship to study in England at the University of Cambridge. The film begins with a shot of Plath sleeping, then opening her eyes. As a student at Cambridge she rides along on her red bicycle and wearing an academic gown. She hears of a party to celebrate the publishing of a magazine called St. Botolph's, where she meets the young poet Ted Hughes. The two fall in love and marry in 1956, then go off to Massachusetts where her mother lives (Aurelia Plath, played by Paltrow's mother Blythe Danner). While they both are teaching at Smith College. Sylvia quickly learns that others are also enthralled with her husband, for a combination of his good looks, charisma, fame and success.", "Aurelia Plath Aurelia Frances Plath (n\u00e9e Schober; April 26, 1906 \u2013 March 11, 1994) was the wife of Otto Emil Plath, the mother of the American poet Sylvia Plath, and her brother Warren, and the grandmother of Frieda Rebecca Hughes and Nicholas Farrar Hughes. Aurelia Plath was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the daughter of Franz (Frank) Schober of Bad Aussee, Styria, and his wife Aurelia Gr\u00fcnwald (Greenwood). Sylvia Plath made reference to her grandmother by making \"Esther Greenwood\" the name of the heroine in her semi-autobiographical novel \"The Bell Jar\". The relationship between Plath and her daughter was a rather problematic and ambiguous one, for on the one hand they were exceptionally close to each other, and on the other hand Sylvia Plath often claimed that she hated her mother. Their relationship is portrayed in Plath's novel \"The Bell Jar\", and in the poem \"Medusa\". In 1975, Plath published her daughter's letters from 1950-1963 as \"\". Plath died, aged 87, of complications from Alzheimer's disease in Needham, Massachusetts."], "answer": {"text": "The experience was not what she had hoped it would be, and it began a downward spiral. She was furious at not being at a meeting the editor", "answer_start": 366}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Sylvia Plath attend college?", "answer": {"text": "In 1950, Plath attended Smith College and excelled academically.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she study?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she attend any other schools?", "answer": {"text": "Smith College", "answer_start": 24, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cff29248077e4c21be6289a642529ba1_0_q#4", "question": "What editor did she want to meet?", "rewrite": "What editor did Sylvia Plath want to meet?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\" Plath's poem \"The Jailor\", in which the speaker condemns her husband's brutality, was included in the 1970 anthology \". \" Radical feminist poet Robin Morgan published the poem \"Arraignment\", in which she openly accused Hughes of the battery and murder of Plath. There were lawsuits, Morgan's 1972 book \"Monster\" which contained that poem was banned, and underground, pirated editions of it were published. Other radical feminists threatened to kill Hughes in Plath's name. In 1989, with Hughes under public attack, a battle raged in the letters pages of \"The Guardian\" and \"The Independent\". In \"The Guardian\" on 20 April 1989, Hughes wrote the article \"The Place Where Sylvia Plath Should Rest in Peace\": In the years soon after [Plath's] death, when scholars approached me, I tried to take their apparently serious concern for the truth about Sylvia Plath seriously. But I learned my lesson early... If I tried too hard to tell them exactly how something happened, in the hope of correcting some fantasy, I was quite likely to be accused of trying to suppress Free Speech. In general, my refusal to have anything to do with the Plath Fantasia has been regarded as an attempt to suppress Free Speech... The Fantasia about Sylvia Plath is more needed than the facts. Where that leaves respect for the truth of her life (and of mine), or for her memory, or for the literary tradition, I do not know. As Plath's widower, Hughes became the executor of Plath's personal and literary estates. He oversaw the publication of her manuscripts, including \"Ariel\" (1966). Some critics were dissatisfied by his choice of poem order and omissions in the book and some critics of Hughes", "Sylvia Plath effect The Sylvia Plath effect is the phenomenon that poets are more susceptible to mental illness than other creative writers. The term was coined in 2001 by psychologist James C. Kaufman. This early finding has been dubbed \"the Sylvia Plath effect\", and implications and possibilities for future research are discussed. Kaufman's work further demonstrated that female poets were more likely to experience mental illness than any other class of writers. In addition, female poets were more likely to be mentally ill than other eminent women, such as politicians, actresses, and artists. The effect is named after Sylvia Plath, who took her own life at the age of 30. Although many studies (e.g., Andreasen, 1987; Jamison, 1989; Ludwig, 1995) have demonstrated that creative writers are prone to mental illness, this relationship has not been examined in depth. From early adolescence through adulthood, women are twice as likely as men to experience depression. Plath's illness and suicide have spawned many articles in scientific journals, but almost all have been focused on issues of psychodynamic explanation and have been unsuccessful in dealing directly with the clinical history and diagnosis. Undeniably, the view has been broadly proliferated that hers was a typical manic-depressive illness. In one study, 1,629 writers were analyzed for signs of mental illness. Female poets were found to be significantly more likely to experience mental illness than female fiction writers or male writers of any type. Another study extended the analysis to 520 eminent women (poets, fiction writers, non-fiction writers, visual artists, politicians, and actresses), and again found the poets to be significantly more likely to experience mental illness.", "Sylvia's Death \"Sylvia\u2019s Death\" is a poem by American writer and poetess Anne Sexton (1928\u20131974) written in 1963. \"Sylvia's Death\" was first seen within Sexton's short memoir \u201cThe Barfly Ought to Sing\u201d for TriQuarterly magazine. The poem was also then included in her 1966 Pulitzer Prize winning collection of poems \"Live or Die\"\". \" The poem is highly confessional in tone, focusing on the suicide of friend and fellow poet Sylvia Plath in 1963, as well as Sexton\u2019s own yearning for death. Due to the fact that Sexton wrote the poem only days after Plath\u2019s passing within February of 1963, \"Sylvia\u2019s Death\" is often seen as an elegy for Plath. The poem is also thought to have underlying themes of female suppression, suffering, and death due to the confines of domesticity subsequent of the patriarchy. \u201cSylvia\u2019s Death\u201d is a 3-page, 140 line elegiac poem dedicated to Sylvia Plath. The poem opens by asking Plath where she went, and how she found the courage to finally give into suicide. Sexton continues to directly address Plath for the entirety of the poem. As the poem continues, Sexton writes of discussions, moments and the passionate wish for death the two shared throughout their letters and friendship. Nearing the end of the work, Sexton recognises the close relationship Plath held with death, and concludes the poem calling Plath a \"friend\", \"tiny mother\", \"funny duchess\" and \"blonde thing\". Despite growing up in the same town, Wellesley, Massachusetts, Sexton and Plath first met in Robert Lowell\u2019s graduate writing class at Boston University in 1958.", "Aurelia Plath Aurelia Frances Plath (n\u00e9e Schober; April 26, 1906 \u2013 March 11, 1994) was the wife of Otto Emil Plath, the mother of the American poet Sylvia Plath, and her brother Warren, and the grandmother of Frieda Rebecca Hughes and Nicholas Farrar Hughes. Aurelia Plath was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the daughter of Franz (Frank) Schober of Bad Aussee, Styria, and his wife Aurelia Gr\u00fcnwald (Greenwood). Sylvia Plath made reference to her grandmother by making \"Esther Greenwood\" the name of the heroine in her semi-autobiographical novel \"The Bell Jar\". The relationship between Plath and her daughter was a rather problematic and ambiguous one, for on the one hand they were exceptionally close to each other, and on the other hand Sylvia Plath often claimed that she hated her mother. Their relationship is portrayed in Plath's novel \"The Bell Jar\", and in the poem \"Medusa\". In 1975, Plath published her daughter's letters from 1950-1963 as \"\". Plath died, aged 87, of complications from Alzheimer's disease in Needham, Massachusetts.", "Jacqueline Rose Jacqueline Rose, FBA (born 1949 in London) is a British academic who is Professor of Humanities at the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities. Rose was born into a non-practising Jewish family. Her elder sister was the philosopher Gillian Rose. Jacqueline Rose is known for her work on the relationship between psychoanalysis, feminism and literature. She is a graduate of St Hilda's College, Oxford and gained her higher degree (\"ma\u00eetrise\") from the Sorbonne, Paris and her doctorate from the University of London. Rose's book \"Albertine\", a novel from 2001, is a feminist variation on Marcel Proust's \"\u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu\". Rose is best known for her critical study on the life and work of American poet Sylvia Plath, \"The Haunting of Sylvia Plath\", published in 1991. In the book, Rose offers a postmodernist feminist interpretation of Plath's work, and criticises Plath's husband Ted Hughes and other editors of Plath's writing. Rose describes the hostility she experienced from Hughes and his sister (who acts as literary executor to Plath's estate) including threats received from Hughes about some of Rose's analysis of Plath's poem \"The Rabbit Catcher\". \" The Haunting of Sylvia Plath\" was critically acclaimed, and itself subject to a famous critique by Janet Malcolm in her book \"The Silent Woman: Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes\". Rose is a broadcaster and contributor to the \"London Review of Books\". Rose's \"States of Fantasy\" was the inspiration for composer Mohammed Fairouz's Double Concerto of the same title. Rose is highly critical of Zionism, describing it as \"[having] been traumatic for the Jews as well as the Palestinians\"."], "answer": {"text": "a coveted position as guest editor at Mademoiselle magazine,", "answer_start": 256}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Sylvia Plath attend college?", "answer": {"text": "In 1950, Plath attended Smith College and excelled academically.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she study?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she attend any other schools?", "answer": {"text": "Smith College", "answer_start": 24, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was significant about her college years?", "answer": {"text": "The experience was not what she had hoped it would be, and it began a downward spiral. She was furious at not being at a meeting the editor", "answer_start": 366, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cff29248077e4c21be6289a642529ba1_0_q#5", "question": "Why were they unable to meet?", "rewrite": "Why was the guest editor at Mademoiselle magazine unable to meet Sylvia Plath?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sylvia's Death \"Sylvia\u2019s Death\" is a poem by American writer and poetess Anne Sexton (1928\u20131974) written in 1963. \"Sylvia's Death\" was first seen within Sexton's short memoir \u201cThe Barfly Ought to Sing\u201d for TriQuarterly magazine. The poem was also then included in her 1966 Pulitzer Prize winning collection of poems \"Live or Die\"\". \" The poem is highly confessional in tone, focusing on the suicide of friend and fellow poet Sylvia Plath in 1963, as well as Sexton\u2019s own yearning for death. Due to the fact that Sexton wrote the poem only days after Plath\u2019s passing within February of 1963, \"Sylvia\u2019s Death\" is often seen as an elegy for Plath. The poem is also thought to have underlying themes of female suppression, suffering, and death due to the confines of domesticity subsequent of the patriarchy. \u201cSylvia\u2019s Death\u201d is a 3-page, 140 line elegiac poem dedicated to Sylvia Plath. The poem opens by asking Plath where she went, and how she found the courage to finally give into suicide. Sexton continues to directly address Plath for the entirety of the poem. As the poem continues, Sexton writes of discussions, moments and the passionate wish for death the two shared throughout their letters and friendship. Nearing the end of the work, Sexton recognises the close relationship Plath held with death, and concludes the poem calling Plath a \"friend\", \"tiny mother\", \"funny duchess\" and \"blonde thing\". Despite growing up in the same town, Wellesley, Massachusetts, Sexton and Plath first met in Robert Lowell\u2019s graduate writing class at Boston University in 1958.", "Aurelia Plath Aurelia Frances Plath (n\u00e9e Schober; April 26, 1906 \u2013 March 11, 1994) was the wife of Otto Emil Plath, the mother of the American poet Sylvia Plath, and her brother Warren, and the grandmother of Frieda Rebecca Hughes and Nicholas Farrar Hughes. Aurelia Plath was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the daughter of Franz (Frank) Schober of Bad Aussee, Styria, and his wife Aurelia Gr\u00fcnwald (Greenwood). Sylvia Plath made reference to her grandmother by making \"Esther Greenwood\" the name of the heroine in her semi-autobiographical novel \"The Bell Jar\". The relationship between Plath and her daughter was a rather problematic and ambiguous one, for on the one hand they were exceptionally close to each other, and on the other hand Sylvia Plath often claimed that she hated her mother. Their relationship is portrayed in Plath's novel \"The Bell Jar\", and in the poem \"Medusa\". In 1975, Plath published her daughter's letters from 1950-1963 as \"\". Plath died, aged 87, of complications from Alzheimer's disease in Needham, Massachusetts.", "Jacqueline Rose Jacqueline Rose, FBA (born 1949 in London) is a British academic who is Professor of Humanities at the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities. Rose was born into a non-practising Jewish family. Her elder sister was the philosopher Gillian Rose. Jacqueline Rose is known for her work on the relationship between psychoanalysis, feminism and literature. She is a graduate of St Hilda's College, Oxford and gained her higher degree (\"ma\u00eetrise\") from the Sorbonne, Paris and her doctorate from the University of London. Rose's book \"Albertine\", a novel from 2001, is a feminist variation on Marcel Proust's \"\u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu\". Rose is best known for her critical study on the life and work of American poet Sylvia Plath, \"The Haunting of Sylvia Plath\", published in 1991. In the book, Rose offers a postmodernist feminist interpretation of Plath's work, and criticises Plath's husband Ted Hughes and other editors of Plath's writing. Rose describes the hostility she experienced from Hughes and his sister (who acts as literary executor to Plath's estate) including threats received from Hughes about some of Rose's analysis of Plath's poem \"The Rabbit Catcher\". \" The Haunting of Sylvia Plath\" was critically acclaimed, and itself subject to a famous critique by Janet Malcolm in her book \"The Silent Woman: Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes\". Rose is a broadcaster and contributor to the \"London Review of Books\". Rose's \"States of Fantasy\" was the inspiration for composer Mohammed Fairouz's Double Concerto of the same title. Rose is highly critical of Zionism, describing it as \"[having] been traumatic for the Jews as well as the Palestinians\".", "\" Plath's poem \"The Jailor\", in which the speaker condemns her husband's brutality, was included in the 1970 anthology \". \" Radical feminist poet Robin Morgan published the poem \"Arraignment\", in which she openly accused Hughes of the battery and murder of Plath. There were lawsuits, Morgan's 1972 book \"Monster\" which contained that poem was banned, and underground, pirated editions of it were published. Other radical feminists threatened to kill Hughes in Plath's name. In 1989, with Hughes under public attack, a battle raged in the letters pages of \"The Guardian\" and \"The Independent\". In \"The Guardian\" on 20 April 1989, Hughes wrote the article \"The Place Where Sylvia Plath Should Rest in Peace\": In the years soon after [Plath's] death, when scholars approached me, I tried to take their apparently serious concern for the truth about Sylvia Plath seriously. But I learned my lesson early... If I tried too hard to tell them exactly how something happened, in the hope of correcting some fantasy, I was quite likely to be accused of trying to suppress Free Speech. In general, my refusal to have anything to do with the Plath Fantasia has been regarded as an attempt to suppress Free Speech... The Fantasia about Sylvia Plath is more needed than the facts. Where that leaves respect for the truth of her life (and of mine), or for her memory, or for the literary tradition, I do not know. As Plath's widower, Hughes became the executor of Plath's personal and literary estates. He oversaw the publication of her manuscripts, including \"Ariel\" (1966). Some critics were dissatisfied by his choice of poem order and omissions in the book and some critics of Hughes", "Mademoiselle (magazine) Mademoiselle was a women's magazine first published in 1935 by Street and Smith and later acquired by Cond\u00e9 Nast Publications. \"Mademoiselle\", primarily a fashion magazine, was also known for publishing short stories by noted authors such as Truman Capote, Joyce Carol Oates, William Faulkner, Tennessee Williams, James Baldwin, Flannery O'Connor, Sylvia Plath, Paul Bowles, Jane Bowles, Jane Smiley, Mary Gordon, Paul Theroux, Sue Miller, Barbara Kingsolver, Perri Klass, Mona Simpson, Alice Munro, Harold Brodkey, Pam Houston, Jean Stafford, and Susan Minot. Julia Cameron was a frequent columnist. The art director was Barbara Kruger. In 1952, Sylvia Plath's short story \"Sunday at the Mintons\" won first prize and $500, as well as publication in the magazine. Her experiences during the summer of 1953 as a guest editor at \"Mademoiselle\" provided the basis for her novel, \"The Bell Jar\". The August 1961 \"college issue\" of \"Mademoiselle\" included a photo of UCLA senior class president Willette Murphy, who did not realize she was making history as the first African-American model to appear in a mainstream fashion magazine. In the sixties, \"Mademoiselle\" magazine was geared \u201cto the smart young woman\u201d. They categorically stated in their editorials that despite their young, maidenly name they were not geared to young teenagers. The majority of their readers may have been in college, in a job, some may have been married. Mademoiselle was interested in reaching mature college freshmen and up, who were being exposed to the greatest literature, facing the greatest moral problems coping with all the complexities of the atomic age."], "answer": {"text": "She hung around the White Horse Tavern and the Chelsea Hotel for two days, hoping to meet Thomas, but he was already on his way home.", "answer_start": 627}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Sylvia Plath attend college?", "answer": {"text": "In 1950, Plath attended Smith College and excelled academically.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she study?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she attend any other schools?", "answer": {"text": "Smith College", "answer_start": 24, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was significant about her college years?", "answer": {"text": "The experience was not what she had hoped it would be, and it began a downward spiral. She was furious at not being at a meeting the editor", "answer_start": 366, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What editor did she want to meet?", "answer": {"text": "a coveted position as guest editor at Mademoiselle magazine,", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cff29248077e4c21be6289a642529ba1_0_q#6", "question": "How did her depression affect her?", "rewrite": "How did Sylvia Plath's depression affect her?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Aurelia Plath Aurelia Frances Plath (n\u00e9e Schober; April 26, 1906 \u2013 March 11, 1994) was the wife of Otto Emil Plath, the mother of the American poet Sylvia Plath, and her brother Warren, and the grandmother of Frieda Rebecca Hughes and Nicholas Farrar Hughes. Aurelia Plath was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the daughter of Franz (Frank) Schober of Bad Aussee, Styria, and his wife Aurelia Gr\u00fcnwald (Greenwood). Sylvia Plath made reference to her grandmother by making \"Esther Greenwood\" the name of the heroine in her semi-autobiographical novel \"The Bell Jar\". The relationship between Plath and her daughter was a rather problematic and ambiguous one, for on the one hand they were exceptionally close to each other, and on the other hand Sylvia Plath often claimed that she hated her mother. Their relationship is portrayed in Plath's novel \"The Bell Jar\", and in the poem \"Medusa\". In 1975, Plath published her daughter's letters from 1950-1963 as \"\". Plath died, aged 87, of complications from Alzheimer's disease in Needham, Massachusetts.", "\" Plath's poem \"The Jailor\", in which the speaker condemns her husband's brutality, was included in the 1970 anthology \". \" Radical feminist poet Robin Morgan published the poem \"Arraignment\", in which she openly accused Hughes of the battery and murder of Plath. There were lawsuits, Morgan's 1972 book \"Monster\" which contained that poem was banned, and underground, pirated editions of it were published. Other radical feminists threatened to kill Hughes in Plath's name. In 1989, with Hughes under public attack, a battle raged in the letters pages of \"The Guardian\" and \"The Independent\". In \"The Guardian\" on 20 April 1989, Hughes wrote the article \"The Place Where Sylvia Plath Should Rest in Peace\": In the years soon after [Plath's] death, when scholars approached me, I tried to take their apparently serious concern for the truth about Sylvia Plath seriously. But I learned my lesson early... If I tried too hard to tell them exactly how something happened, in the hope of correcting some fantasy, I was quite likely to be accused of trying to suppress Free Speech. In general, my refusal to have anything to do with the Plath Fantasia has been regarded as an attempt to suppress Free Speech... The Fantasia about Sylvia Plath is more needed than the facts. Where that leaves respect for the truth of her life (and of mine), or for her memory, or for the literary tradition, I do not know. As Plath's widower, Hughes became the executor of Plath's personal and literary estates. He oversaw the publication of her manuscripts, including \"Ariel\" (1966). Some critics were dissatisfied by his choice of poem order and omissions in the book and some critics of Hughes", "Jacqueline Rose Jacqueline Rose, FBA (born 1949 in London) is a British academic who is Professor of Humanities at the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities. Rose was born into a non-practising Jewish family. Her elder sister was the philosopher Gillian Rose. Jacqueline Rose is known for her work on the relationship between psychoanalysis, feminism and literature. She is a graduate of St Hilda's College, Oxford and gained her higher degree (\"ma\u00eetrise\") from the Sorbonne, Paris and her doctorate from the University of London. Rose's book \"Albertine\", a novel from 2001, is a feminist variation on Marcel Proust's \"\u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu\". Rose is best known for her critical study on the life and work of American poet Sylvia Plath, \"The Haunting of Sylvia Plath\", published in 1991. In the book, Rose offers a postmodernist feminist interpretation of Plath's work, and criticises Plath's husband Ted Hughes and other editors of Plath's writing. Rose describes the hostility she experienced from Hughes and his sister (who acts as literary executor to Plath's estate) including threats received from Hughes about some of Rose's analysis of Plath's poem \"The Rabbit Catcher\". \" The Haunting of Sylvia Plath\" was critically acclaimed, and itself subject to a famous critique by Janet Malcolm in her book \"The Silent Woman: Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes\". Rose is a broadcaster and contributor to the \"London Review of Books\". Rose's \"States of Fantasy\" was the inspiration for composer Mohammed Fairouz's Double Concerto of the same title. Rose is highly critical of Zionism, describing it as \"[having] been traumatic for the Jews as well as the Palestinians\".", "Sylvia Plath effect The Sylvia Plath effect is the phenomenon that poets are more susceptible to mental illness than other creative writers. The term was coined in 2001 by psychologist James C. Kaufman. This early finding has been dubbed \"the Sylvia Plath effect\", and implications and possibilities for future research are discussed. Kaufman's work further demonstrated that female poets were more likely to experience mental illness than any other class of writers. In addition, female poets were more likely to be mentally ill than other eminent women, such as politicians, actresses, and artists. The effect is named after Sylvia Plath, who took her own life at the age of 30. Although many studies (e.g., Andreasen, 1987; Jamison, 1989; Ludwig, 1995) have demonstrated that creative writers are prone to mental illness, this relationship has not been examined in depth. From early adolescence through adulthood, women are twice as likely as men to experience depression. Plath's illness and suicide have spawned many articles in scientific journals, but almost all have been focused on issues of psychodynamic explanation and have been unsuccessful in dealing directly with the clinical history and diagnosis. Undeniably, the view has been broadly proliferated that hers was a typical manic-depressive illness. In one study, 1,629 writers were analyzed for signs of mental illness. Female poets were found to be significantly more likely to experience mental illness than female fiction writers or male writers of any type. Another study extended the analysis to 520 eminent women (poets, fiction writers, non-fiction writers, visual artists, politicians, and actresses), and again found the poets to be significantly more likely to experience mental illness.", "Sylvia's Death \"Sylvia\u2019s Death\" is a poem by American writer and poetess Anne Sexton (1928\u20131974) written in 1963. \"Sylvia's Death\" was first seen within Sexton's short memoir \u201cThe Barfly Ought to Sing\u201d for TriQuarterly magazine. The poem was also then included in her 1966 Pulitzer Prize winning collection of poems \"Live or Die\"\". \" The poem is highly confessional in tone, focusing on the suicide of friend and fellow poet Sylvia Plath in 1963, as well as Sexton\u2019s own yearning for death. Due to the fact that Sexton wrote the poem only days after Plath\u2019s passing within February of 1963, \"Sylvia\u2019s Death\" is often seen as an elegy for Plath. The poem is also thought to have underlying themes of female suppression, suffering, and death due to the confines of domesticity subsequent of the patriarchy. \u201cSylvia\u2019s Death\u201d is a 3-page, 140 line elegiac poem dedicated to Sylvia Plath. The poem opens by asking Plath where she went, and how she found the courage to finally give into suicide. Sexton continues to directly address Plath for the entirety of the poem. As the poem continues, Sexton writes of discussions, moments and the passionate wish for death the two shared throughout their letters and friendship. Nearing the end of the work, Sexton recognises the close relationship Plath held with death, and concludes the poem calling Plath a \"friend\", \"tiny mother\", \"funny duchess\" and \"blonde thing\". Despite growing up in the same town, Wellesley, Massachusetts, Sexton and Plath first met in Robert Lowell\u2019s graduate writing class at Boston University in 1958."], "answer": {"text": "A few weeks later, she slashed her legs to see if she had enough \"courage\" to commit suicide.", "answer_start": 761}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Sylvia Plath attend college?", "answer": {"text": "In 1950, Plath attended Smith College and excelled academically.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she study?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she attend any other schools?", "answer": {"text": "Smith College", "answer_start": 24, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was significant about her college years?", "answer": {"text": "The experience was not what she had hoped it would be, and it began a downward spiral. She was furious at not being at a meeting the editor", "answer_start": 366, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What editor did she want to meet?", "answer": {"text": "a coveted position as guest editor at Mademoiselle magazine,", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were they unable to meet?", "answer": {"text": "She hung around the White Horse Tavern and the Chelsea Hotel for two days, hoping to meet Thomas, but he was already on his way home.", "answer_start": 627, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cff29248077e4c21be6289a642529ba1_0_q#7", "question": "Was she ever hospitalized?", "rewrite": "Was Sylvia Plath ever hospitalized?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Aurelia Plath Aurelia Frances Plath (n\u00e9e Schober; April 26, 1906 \u2013 March 11, 1994) was the wife of Otto Emil Plath, the mother of the American poet Sylvia Plath, and her brother Warren, and the grandmother of Frieda Rebecca Hughes and Nicholas Farrar Hughes. Aurelia Plath was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the daughter of Franz (Frank) Schober of Bad Aussee, Styria, and his wife Aurelia Gr\u00fcnwald (Greenwood). Sylvia Plath made reference to her grandmother by making \"Esther Greenwood\" the name of the heroine in her semi-autobiographical novel \"The Bell Jar\". The relationship between Plath and her daughter was a rather problematic and ambiguous one, for on the one hand they were exceptionally close to each other, and on the other hand Sylvia Plath often claimed that she hated her mother. Their relationship is portrayed in Plath's novel \"The Bell Jar\", and in the poem \"Medusa\". In 1975, Plath published her daughter's letters from 1950-1963 as \"\". Plath died, aged 87, of complications from Alzheimer's disease in Needham, Massachusetts.", "Sylvia Plath effect The Sylvia Plath effect is the phenomenon that poets are more susceptible to mental illness than other creative writers. The term was coined in 2001 by psychologist James C. Kaufman. This early finding has been dubbed \"the Sylvia Plath effect\", and implications and possibilities for future research are discussed. Kaufman's work further demonstrated that female poets were more likely to experience mental illness than any other class of writers. In addition, female poets were more likely to be mentally ill than other eminent women, such as politicians, actresses, and artists. The effect is named after Sylvia Plath, who took her own life at the age of 30. Although many studies (e.g., Andreasen, 1987; Jamison, 1989; Ludwig, 1995) have demonstrated that creative writers are prone to mental illness, this relationship has not been examined in depth. From early adolescence through adulthood, women are twice as likely as men to experience depression. Plath's illness and suicide have spawned many articles in scientific journals, but almost all have been focused on issues of psychodynamic explanation and have been unsuccessful in dealing directly with the clinical history and diagnosis. Undeniably, the view has been broadly proliferated that hers was a typical manic-depressive illness. In one study, 1,629 writers were analyzed for signs of mental illness. Female poets were found to be significantly more likely to experience mental illness than female fiction writers or male writers of any type. Another study extended the analysis to 520 eminent women (poets, fiction writers, non-fiction writers, visual artists, politicians, and actresses), and again found the poets to be significantly more likely to experience mental illness.", "Jacqueline Rose Jacqueline Rose, FBA (born 1949 in London) is a British academic who is Professor of Humanities at the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities. Rose was born into a non-practising Jewish family. Her elder sister was the philosopher Gillian Rose. Jacqueline Rose is known for her work on the relationship between psychoanalysis, feminism and literature. She is a graduate of St Hilda's College, Oxford and gained her higher degree (\"ma\u00eetrise\") from the Sorbonne, Paris and her doctorate from the University of London. Rose's book \"Albertine\", a novel from 2001, is a feminist variation on Marcel Proust's \"\u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu\". Rose is best known for her critical study on the life and work of American poet Sylvia Plath, \"The Haunting of Sylvia Plath\", published in 1991. In the book, Rose offers a postmodernist feminist interpretation of Plath's work, and criticises Plath's husband Ted Hughes and other editors of Plath's writing. Rose describes the hostility she experienced from Hughes and his sister (who acts as literary executor to Plath's estate) including threats received from Hughes about some of Rose's analysis of Plath's poem \"The Rabbit Catcher\". \" The Haunting of Sylvia Plath\" was critically acclaimed, and itself subject to a famous critique by Janet Malcolm in her book \"The Silent Woman: Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes\". Rose is a broadcaster and contributor to the \"London Review of Books\". Rose's \"States of Fantasy\" was the inspiration for composer Mohammed Fairouz's Double Concerto of the same title. Rose is highly critical of Zionism, describing it as \"[having] been traumatic for the Jews as well as the Palestinians\".", "Sylvia's Death \"Sylvia\u2019s Death\" is a poem by American writer and poetess Anne Sexton (1928\u20131974) written in 1963. \"Sylvia's Death\" was first seen within Sexton's short memoir \u201cThe Barfly Ought to Sing\u201d for TriQuarterly magazine. The poem was also then included in her 1966 Pulitzer Prize winning collection of poems \"Live or Die\"\". \" The poem is highly confessional in tone, focusing on the suicide of friend and fellow poet Sylvia Plath in 1963, as well as Sexton\u2019s own yearning for death. Due to the fact that Sexton wrote the poem only days after Plath\u2019s passing within February of 1963, \"Sylvia\u2019s Death\" is often seen as an elegy for Plath. The poem is also thought to have underlying themes of female suppression, suffering, and death due to the confines of domesticity subsequent of the patriarchy. \u201cSylvia\u2019s Death\u201d is a 3-page, 140 line elegiac poem dedicated to Sylvia Plath. The poem opens by asking Plath where she went, and how she found the courage to finally give into suicide. Sexton continues to directly address Plath for the entirety of the poem. As the poem continues, Sexton writes of discussions, moments and the passionate wish for death the two shared throughout their letters and friendship. Nearing the end of the work, Sexton recognises the close relationship Plath held with death, and concludes the poem calling Plath a \"friend\", \"tiny mother\", \"funny duchess\" and \"blonde thing\". Despite growing up in the same town, Wellesley, Massachusetts, Sexton and Plath first met in Robert Lowell\u2019s graduate writing class at Boston University in 1958.", "\" Plath's poem \"The Jailor\", in which the speaker condemns her husband's brutality, was included in the 1970 anthology \". \" Radical feminist poet Robin Morgan published the poem \"Arraignment\", in which she openly accused Hughes of the battery and murder of Plath. There were lawsuits, Morgan's 1972 book \"Monster\" which contained that poem was banned, and underground, pirated editions of it were published. Other radical feminists threatened to kill Hughes in Plath's name. In 1989, with Hughes under public attack, a battle raged in the letters pages of \"The Guardian\" and \"The Independent\". In \"The Guardian\" on 20 April 1989, Hughes wrote the article \"The Place Where Sylvia Plath Should Rest in Peace\": In the years soon after [Plath's] death, when scholars approached me, I tried to take their apparently serious concern for the truth about Sylvia Plath seriously. But I learned my lesson early... If I tried too hard to tell them exactly how something happened, in the hope of correcting some fantasy, I was quite likely to be accused of trying to suppress Free Speech. In general, my refusal to have anything to do with the Plath Fantasia has been regarded as an attempt to suppress Free Speech... The Fantasia about Sylvia Plath is more needed than the facts. Where that leaves respect for the truth of her life (and of mine), or for her memory, or for the literary tradition, I do not know. As Plath's widower, Hughes became the executor of Plath's personal and literary estates. He oversaw the publication of her manuscripts, including \"Ariel\" (1966). Some critics were dissatisfied by his choice of poem order and omissions in the book and some critics of Hughes"], "answer": {"text": "Following electroconvulsive therapy for depression, Plath made her first medically documented suicide attempt in late August 1953 by crawling under her house and taking her mother's sleeping pills.", "answer_start": 1043}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Sylvia Plath attend college?", "answer": {"text": "In 1950, Plath attended Smith College and excelled academically.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she study?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she attend any other schools?", "answer": {"text": "Smith College", "answer_start": 24, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was significant about her college years?", "answer": {"text": "The experience was not what she had hoped it would be, and it began a downward spiral. She was furious at not being at a meeting the editor", "answer_start": 366, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What editor did she want to meet?", "answer": {"text": "a coveted position as guest editor at Mademoiselle magazine,", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were they unable to meet?", "answer": {"text": "She hung around the White Horse Tavern and the Chelsea Hotel for two days, hoping to meet Thomas, but he was already on his way home.", "answer_start": 627, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did her depression affect her?", "answer": {"text": "A few weeks later, she slashed her legs to see if she had enough \"courage\" to commit suicide.", "answer_start": 761, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cff29248077e4c21be6289a642529ba1_0_q#8", "question": "Were there more suicide attempts?", "rewrite": "Apart from Sylvia Plath's suicide attempt in late August 1953, Were there more suicide attempts?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Sylvia (2003 film) Sylvia is a 2003 British biographical drama film directed by Christine Jeffs and starring Gwyneth Paltrow, Daniel Craig, Jared Harris, and Michael Gambon. It tells a story based on the real-life romance between prominent poets Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes. The film begins with their meeting at Cambridge in 1956 and ends with Sylvia Plath's suicide in 1963. Frieda Hughes, Sylvia and Ted's daughter, accused the filmmakers of profiting from her mother's death. Born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1932, Plath developed a precocious talent as a writer, publishing her first poem when she was only eight years old. That same year, tragedy introduced itself into her life as Plath was forced to confront the unexpected death of her father. In 1950, she began studying at Smith College on a literary scholarship, and while she was an outstanding student, she also began suffering from bouts of extreme depression. Following her junior year, she attempted suicide for the first time. Plath survived, and, in 1955, she was granted a Fulbright Scholarship to study in England at the University of Cambridge. The film begins with a shot of Plath sleeping, then opening her eyes. As a student at Cambridge she rides along on her red bicycle and wearing an academic gown. She hears of a party to celebrate the publishing of a magazine called St. Botolph's, where she meets the young poet Ted Hughes. The two fall in love and marry in 1956, then go off to Massachusetts where her mother lives (Aurelia Plath, played by Paltrow's mother Blythe Danner). While they both are teaching at Smith College. Sylvia quickly learns that others are also enthralled with her husband, for a combination of his good looks, charisma, fame and success.", "Jacqueline Rose Jacqueline Rose, FBA (born 1949 in London) is a British academic who is Professor of Humanities at the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities. Rose was born into a non-practising Jewish family. Her elder sister was the philosopher Gillian Rose. Jacqueline Rose is known for her work on the relationship between psychoanalysis, feminism and literature. She is a graduate of St Hilda's College, Oxford and gained her higher degree (\"ma\u00eetrise\") from the Sorbonne, Paris and her doctorate from the University of London. Rose's book \"Albertine\", a novel from 2001, is a feminist variation on Marcel Proust's \"\u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu\". Rose is best known for her critical study on the life and work of American poet Sylvia Plath, \"The Haunting of Sylvia Plath\", published in 1991. In the book, Rose offers a postmodernist feminist interpretation of Plath's work, and criticises Plath's husband Ted Hughes and other editors of Plath's writing. Rose describes the hostility she experienced from Hughes and his sister (who acts as literary executor to Plath's estate) including threats received from Hughes about some of Rose's analysis of Plath's poem \"The Rabbit Catcher\". \" The Haunting of Sylvia Plath\" was critically acclaimed, and itself subject to a famous critique by Janet Malcolm in her book \"The Silent Woman: Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes\". Rose is a broadcaster and contributor to the \"London Review of Books\". Rose's \"States of Fantasy\" was the inspiration for composer Mohammed Fairouz's Double Concerto of the same title. Rose is highly critical of Zionism, describing it as \"[having] been traumatic for the Jews as well as the Palestinians\".", "Suicide attempt A suicide attempt is an attempt where a person tries to die by suicide but survives. It may be referred to as a failed suicide attempt or nonfatal suicide attempt, but the latter terms are subject to debate among researchers. Suicide attempts include parasuicide such as self-harm where there is no actual intention of killing oneself. In the U.S., the NIMH reports there are 11 nonfatal suicide attempts for every suicide death. The American Association of Suicidology reports higher numbers, stating that there are 25 suicide attempts for every suicide completion. By these numbers, approximately 92\u201395% of suicide attempts end in survival. In the United States, ratio of suicide attempts to suicide death is about 25:1 in youths, compared to about 4:1 in elderly. Compared to adolescents in developed countries, suicide attempt is more common among adolescents in developing countries where the 12-month prevalence of suicide attempt was reported as 17%. A 2008 review found that nonfatal self-injury is more common in women. A study in the United States of the 2008/2009 time period found suicidal thoughts higher among females, but no difference for suicide planning or suicide attempts. Without commonly agreed-upon operational definitions, some suicidology researchers regard many suicide attempts as parasuicide or self harm behavior, rather than \"true\" suicide attempts, as in lacking suicidal intent. Some suicide methods have higher rates of lethality than others. The use of firearms results in death 90% of the time. Wrist-slashing has a much lower lethality rate, comparatively. 75% of all suicide attempts are by drug overdose, a method that is often thwarted because the drug is nonlethal, or is used at a nonlethal dosage. These people survive 97% of the time. A nonfatal suicide attempt is the strongest known clinical predictor of eventual suicide.", "Sylvia's Death \"Sylvia\u2019s Death\" is a poem by American writer and poetess Anne Sexton (1928\u20131974) written in 1963. \"Sylvia's Death\" was first seen within Sexton's short memoir \u201cThe Barfly Ought to Sing\u201d for TriQuarterly magazine. The poem was also then included in her 1966 Pulitzer Prize winning collection of poems \"Live or Die\"\". \" The poem is highly confessional in tone, focusing on the suicide of friend and fellow poet Sylvia Plath in 1963, as well as Sexton\u2019s own yearning for death. Due to the fact that Sexton wrote the poem only days after Plath\u2019s passing within February of 1963, \"Sylvia\u2019s Death\" is often seen as an elegy for Plath. The poem is also thought to have underlying themes of female suppression, suffering, and death due to the confines of domesticity subsequent of the patriarchy. \u201cSylvia\u2019s Death\u201d is a 3-page, 140 line elegiac poem dedicated to Sylvia Plath. The poem opens by asking Plath where she went, and how she found the courage to finally give into suicide. Sexton continues to directly address Plath for the entirety of the poem. As the poem continues, Sexton writes of discussions, moments and the passionate wish for death the two shared throughout their letters and friendship. Nearing the end of the work, Sexton recognises the close relationship Plath held with death, and concludes the poem calling Plath a \"friend\", \"tiny mother\", \"funny duchess\" and \"blonde thing\". Despite growing up in the same town, Wellesley, Massachusetts, Sexton and Plath first met in Robert Lowell\u2019s graduate writing class at Boston University in 1958.", "Sylvia Plath effect The Sylvia Plath effect is the phenomenon that poets are more susceptible to mental illness than other creative writers. The term was coined in 2001 by psychologist James C. Kaufman. This early finding has been dubbed \"the Sylvia Plath effect\", and implications and possibilities for future research are discussed. Kaufman's work further demonstrated that female poets were more likely to experience mental illness than any other class of writers. In addition, female poets were more likely to be mentally ill than other eminent women, such as politicians, actresses, and artists. The effect is named after Sylvia Plath, who took her own life at the age of 30. Although many studies (e.g., Andreasen, 1987; Jamison, 1989; Ludwig, 1995) have demonstrated that creative writers are prone to mental illness, this relationship has not been examined in depth. From early adolescence through adulthood, women are twice as likely as men to experience depression. Plath's illness and suicide have spawned many articles in scientific journals, but almost all have been focused on issues of psychodynamic explanation and have been unsuccessful in dealing directly with the clinical history and diagnosis. Undeniably, the view has been broadly proliferated that hers was a typical manic-depressive illness. In one study, 1,629 writers were analyzed for signs of mental illness. Female poets were found to be significantly more likely to experience mental illness than female fiction writers or male writers of any type. Another study extended the analysis to 520 eminent women (poets, fiction writers, non-fiction writers, visual artists, politicians, and actresses), and again found the poets to be significantly more likely to experience mental illness."], "answer": {"text": "She survived this first suicide attempt after lying unfound in a crawl space for three days, later writing that she \"blissfully succumbed to the whirling blackness", "answer_start": 1241}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Sylvia Plath attend college?", "answer": {"text": "In 1950, Plath attended Smith College and excelled academically.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she study?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she attend any other schools?", "answer": {"text": "Smith College", "answer_start": 24, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was significant about her college years?", "answer": {"text": "The experience was not what she had hoped it would be, and it began a downward spiral. She was furious at not being at a meeting the editor", "answer_start": 366, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What editor did she want to meet?", "answer": {"text": "a coveted position as guest editor at Mademoiselle magazine,", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were they unable to meet?", "answer": {"text": "She hung around the White Horse Tavern and the Chelsea Hotel for two days, hoping to meet Thomas, but he was already on his way home.", "answer_start": 627, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did her depression affect her?", "answer": {"text": "A few weeks later, she slashed her legs to see if she had enough \"courage\" to commit suicide.", "answer_start": 761, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she ever hospitalized?", "answer": {"text": "Following electroconvulsive therapy for depression, Plath made her first medically documented suicide attempt in late August 1953 by crawling under her house and taking her mother's sleeping pills.", "answer_start": 1043, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cff29248077e4c21be6289a642529ba1_0_q#9", "question": "Did she write any poems during college?", "rewrite": "Did Sylvia Plath write any poems during college?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Sylvia's Death \"Sylvia\u2019s Death\" is a poem by American writer and poetess Anne Sexton (1928\u20131974) written in 1963. \"Sylvia's Death\" was first seen within Sexton's short memoir \u201cThe Barfly Ought to Sing\u201d for TriQuarterly magazine. The poem was also then included in her 1966 Pulitzer Prize winning collection of poems \"Live or Die\"\". \" The poem is highly confessional in tone, focusing on the suicide of friend and fellow poet Sylvia Plath in 1963, as well as Sexton\u2019s own yearning for death. Due to the fact that Sexton wrote the poem only days after Plath\u2019s passing within February of 1963, \"Sylvia\u2019s Death\" is often seen as an elegy for Plath. The poem is also thought to have underlying themes of female suppression, suffering, and death due to the confines of domesticity subsequent of the patriarchy. \u201cSylvia\u2019s Death\u201d is a 3-page, 140 line elegiac poem dedicated to Sylvia Plath. The poem opens by asking Plath where she went, and how she found the courage to finally give into suicide. Sexton continues to directly address Plath for the entirety of the poem. As the poem continues, Sexton writes of discussions, moments and the passionate wish for death the two shared throughout their letters and friendship. Nearing the end of the work, Sexton recognises the close relationship Plath held with death, and concludes the poem calling Plath a \"friend\", \"tiny mother\", \"funny duchess\" and \"blonde thing\". Despite growing up in the same town, Wellesley, Massachusetts, Sexton and Plath first met in Robert Lowell\u2019s graduate writing class at Boston University in 1958.", "\" Plath's poem \"The Jailor\", in which the speaker condemns her husband's brutality, was included in the 1970 anthology \". \" Radical feminist poet Robin Morgan published the poem \"Arraignment\", in which she openly accused Hughes of the battery and murder of Plath. There were lawsuits, Morgan's 1972 book \"Monster\" which contained that poem was banned, and underground, pirated editions of it were published. Other radical feminists threatened to kill Hughes in Plath's name. In 1989, with Hughes under public attack, a battle raged in the letters pages of \"The Guardian\" and \"The Independent\". In \"The Guardian\" on 20 April 1989, Hughes wrote the article \"The Place Where Sylvia Plath Should Rest in Peace\": In the years soon after [Plath's] death, when scholars approached me, I tried to take their apparently serious concern for the truth about Sylvia Plath seriously. But I learned my lesson early... If I tried too hard to tell them exactly how something happened, in the hope of correcting some fantasy, I was quite likely to be accused of trying to suppress Free Speech. In general, my refusal to have anything to do with the Plath Fantasia has been regarded as an attempt to suppress Free Speech... The Fantasia about Sylvia Plath is more needed than the facts. Where that leaves respect for the truth of her life (and of mine), or for her memory, or for the literary tradition, I do not know. As Plath's widower, Hughes became the executor of Plath's personal and literary estates. He oversaw the publication of her manuscripts, including \"Ariel\" (1966). Some critics were dissatisfied by his choice of poem order and omissions in the book and some critics of Hughes", "Aurelia Plath Aurelia Frances Plath (n\u00e9e Schober; April 26, 1906 \u2013 March 11, 1994) was the wife of Otto Emil Plath, the mother of the American poet Sylvia Plath, and her brother Warren, and the grandmother of Frieda Rebecca Hughes and Nicholas Farrar Hughes. Aurelia Plath was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the daughter of Franz (Frank) Schober of Bad Aussee, Styria, and his wife Aurelia Gr\u00fcnwald (Greenwood). Sylvia Plath made reference to her grandmother by making \"Esther Greenwood\" the name of the heroine in her semi-autobiographical novel \"The Bell Jar\". The relationship between Plath and her daughter was a rather problematic and ambiguous one, for on the one hand they were exceptionally close to each other, and on the other hand Sylvia Plath often claimed that she hated her mother. Their relationship is portrayed in Plath's novel \"The Bell Jar\", and in the poem \"Medusa\". In 1975, Plath published her daughter's letters from 1950-1963 as \"\". Plath died, aged 87, of complications from Alzheimer's disease in Needham, Massachusetts.", "Sylvia Plath effect The Sylvia Plath effect is the phenomenon that poets are more susceptible to mental illness than other creative writers. The term was coined in 2001 by psychologist James C. Kaufman. This early finding has been dubbed \"the Sylvia Plath effect\", and implications and possibilities for future research are discussed. Kaufman's work further demonstrated that female poets were more likely to experience mental illness than any other class of writers. In addition, female poets were more likely to be mentally ill than other eminent women, such as politicians, actresses, and artists. The effect is named after Sylvia Plath, who took her own life at the age of 30. Although many studies (e.g., Andreasen, 1987; Jamison, 1989; Ludwig, 1995) have demonstrated that creative writers are prone to mental illness, this relationship has not been examined in depth. From early adolescence through adulthood, women are twice as likely as men to experience depression. Plath's illness and suicide have spawned many articles in scientific journals, but almost all have been focused on issues of psychodynamic explanation and have been unsuccessful in dealing directly with the clinical history and diagnosis. Undeniably, the view has been broadly proliferated that hers was a typical manic-depressive illness. In one study, 1,629 writers were analyzed for signs of mental illness. Female poets were found to be significantly more likely to experience mental illness than female fiction writers or male writers of any type. Another study extended the analysis to 520 eminent women (poets, fiction writers, non-fiction writers, visual artists, politicians, and actresses), and again found the poets to be significantly more likely to experience mental illness.", "Jacqueline Rose Jacqueline Rose, FBA (born 1949 in London) is a British academic who is Professor of Humanities at the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities. Rose was born into a non-practising Jewish family. Her elder sister was the philosopher Gillian Rose. Jacqueline Rose is known for her work on the relationship between psychoanalysis, feminism and literature. She is a graduate of St Hilda's College, Oxford and gained her higher degree (\"ma\u00eetrise\") from the Sorbonne, Paris and her doctorate from the University of London. Rose's book \"Albertine\", a novel from 2001, is a feminist variation on Marcel Proust's \"\u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu\". Rose is best known for her critical study on the life and work of American poet Sylvia Plath, \"The Haunting of Sylvia Plath\", published in 1991. In the book, Rose offers a postmodernist feminist interpretation of Plath's work, and criticises Plath's husband Ted Hughes and other editors of Plath's writing. Rose describes the hostility she experienced from Hughes and his sister (who acts as literary executor to Plath's estate) including threats received from Hughes about some of Rose's analysis of Plath's poem \"The Rabbit Catcher\". \" The Haunting of Sylvia Plath\" was critically acclaimed, and itself subject to a famous critique by Janet Malcolm in her book \"The Silent Woman: Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes\". Rose is a broadcaster and contributor to the \"London Review of Books\". Rose's \"States of Fantasy\" was the inspiration for composer Mohammed Fairouz's Double Concerto of the same title. Rose is highly critical of Zionism, describing it as \"[having] been traumatic for the Jews as well as the Palestinians\"."], "answer": {"text": "January 1955, she submitted her thesis, The Magic Mirror: A Study of the Double in Two of Dostoyevsky's Novels, and in June graduated from Smith with highest honors.", "answer_start": 3}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Sylvia Plath attend college?", "answer": {"text": "In 1950, Plath attended Smith College and excelled academically.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she study?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she attend any other schools?", "answer": {"text": "Smith College", "answer_start": 24, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was significant about her college years?", "answer": {"text": "The experience was not what she had hoped it would be, and it began a downward spiral. She was furious at not being at a meeting the editor", "answer_start": 366, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What editor did she want to meet?", "answer": {"text": "a coveted position as guest editor at Mademoiselle magazine,", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were they unable to meet?", "answer": {"text": "She hung around the White Horse Tavern and the Chelsea Hotel for two days, hoping to meet Thomas, but he was already on his way home.", "answer_start": 627, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did her depression affect her?", "answer": {"text": "A few weeks later, she slashed her legs to see if she had enough \"courage\" to commit suicide.", "answer_start": 761, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she ever hospitalized?", "answer": {"text": "Following electroconvulsive therapy for depression, Plath made her first medically documented suicide attempt in late August 1953 by crawling under her house and taking her mother's sleeping pills.", "answer_start": 1043, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there more suicide attempts?", "answer": {"text": "She survived this first suicide attempt after lying unfound in a crawl space for three days, later writing that she \"blissfully succumbed to the whirling blackness", "answer_start": 1241, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_42f71a0f28714edcb5c11e16769ad7fa_1_q#0", "question": "When did Fausto Coppi' rivalry with Bartali start?", "rewrite": "When did Fausto Coppi' rivalry with Bartali start?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After the pioneering years, the race was dominated alternately by Frenchman Henri P\u00e9lissier and local heroes Gaetano Belloni and Costante Girardengo, all winning the race three times. From the 1930s to the 1950s, Alfredo Binda, Gino Bartali and Fausto Coppi, icons of Italian cycling, were the main protagonists and immortalized the race with their exploits. Coppi won the race 5 times (of which 4 consecutive wins) and Binda 4 times. Coppi finished solo on every win, following a successful strategy of attacking on the Madonna del Ghisallo and maintaining his lead to the finish in Milan. Gino Bartali was the king of the podium with 9 top-3 finishes (3 wins, 4 second places and 2 third places). The race of 1956 was a particularly fascinating battle. At 60 km from the finish a breakaway was formed with Fausto Coppi, seeking his sixth victory. Italian rider Fiorenzo Magni had missed the break, and as he fell further behind, a car passed him with Giulia Occhini, Coppi's infamous mistress, sitting in the back. The two did not get on and as her car passed, Magni saw her sneer at him. Infuriated, Magni set out in an improbable solo pursuit of the breakaway and caught the leaders in the final kilometres. He and Coppi openly argued and Andr\u00e9 Darrigade, sensing their indecisiveness, attacked to claim the victory, thereby relegating Coppi and Magni to second and third place. In 1961, the finish of the Tour of Lombardy was moved from Milan to Como and the identity of the race changed fundamentally. The previous flat finale towards the finish in Milan was replaced with a spectacular finish by Lake Como, just 6 km after the top of the last climb.", "1949 Giro d'Italia The 1949 Giro d'Italia was the 32nd edition of the Giro d'Italia, a cycling race organized and sponsored by the newspaper \"La Gazzetta dello Sport\". The race began on 21 May in Palermo with a stage that stretched to Catania, finishing in Monza on 12 June after a stage and a total distance covered of . The race was won by the Italian rider Fausto Coppi of the Bianchi team, with fellow Italians Gino Bartali and Giordano Cottur coming in second and third respectively. Coppi won the overall by way of the memorable 17th stage (from Cuneo to Pinerolo), during which he escaped from the group and climbed alone the Maddalena Pass, the Col de Vars, the Col d'Izoard, the Col de Montgen\u00e8vre and the Sestriere Pass, arriving in Pinerolo 11'52\" ahead of Bartali, his tenacious antagonist during those years. A total of 15 teams were invited to participate in the 1949 Giro d'Italia. Each team sent a squad of seven riders, so the Giro began with a peloton of 105 cyclists. Out of the 105 riders that started this edition of the Giro d'Italia, a total of 65 riders made it to the finish in Monza. The teams entering the race were: The main favorites entering the race were Gino Bartali and Fausto Coppi. Vito Ortelli, who placed fourth the year prior did not participate as he was suffering from an illness and stayed home. \"l'Unit\u00e0\"'s Attilio Camoriano wrote that Coppi's form entering the race could allow him to gain the lead early on and hold it from Bartali, who was known to take several stages to warm up and adjust to the race.", "He won overall and took five stages \u2013 two time-trials, two conventional stages and another in the mountains. In 1951 he \"rode the best off his wheel\" between Brive and Agen, said \"Cycling Plus\", \"just 20 miles into the stage, then covered 88 miles on his own to win by three minutes. This was despite a frantic chase by such greats as triple Tour winner Louison Bobet, double winner Gino Bartali and Fausto Coppi. \" The time differences when the Tour ended at the Parc des Princes meant he had beaten Rapha\u00ebl G\u00e9miniani by 12 km, Lucien Lazarides by 18, Bartali by 18 and Coppi by 27. The 1951 Tour de France started in Metz, the second time outside Paris. The main riders were Louison Bobet for France, Fausto Coppi and an ageing Gino Bartali for Italy. Coppi was hindered by grief at the death of his brother, Serse. Both Coppi and Bobet were pushed out of the running when Koblet won the time-trial from La Guerche to Angers. Their position was confirmed four days later when Koblet attacked on a gentle descent after two hours of the stage from Brive to Agen, a day expected to be a quiet journey towards the Pyrenees. He won again at Luchon, Montpellier and Geneva. Hugo Koblet was a handsome man whose fame brought beautiful women and a lifestyle that affected his career. He was \"the most charming of men to talk to,\" said Jock Wadley. Ren\u00e9 de Latour wrote in Sporting Cyclist: \"Koblet had not an enemy at all.", "Gunfire erupted, the stage was cancelled, and close to twenty riders were escorted to Trieste. In addition, there were riots that took place in Trieste because both Yugoslavia and Italy claimed the city as part of their territory. Bartali gained the lead after the thirteenth stage of the race and went on to win the event without winning a stage. The 1947 Giro d'Italia was the first Giro to have all competing riders be a part of a trade team, rather than some riders competing as independents. Fausto Coppi, Gino bartali, and Aldo Ronconi broke away during the fourth leg while climbing the Abetone and rode into Prato where Coppi won the stage and Bartali took the overall lead. Bartali held that lead until the sixteenth stage when his chain dropped on the climb of the Falzarego when Coppi saw this he attacked. On the descent of the Falzarego, the same misfortune struck Coppi, which allowed Bartali to rejoin him. Later, Coppi attacked on the Passo Pordoi and Bartali could not keep up. Coppi took the stage and the overall lead, which he held all the way to race's finish. Fiorenzo Magni won the 1948 Giro d'Italia by a margin of eleven seconds \u2014 the smallest margin of victory in the history of the race \u2014 over Ezio Cecchi. Magni gained significant time after being a part of a successful breakaway in the race's ninth day of racing. Magni's lead over race favorites Coppi and Bartali was near thirteen minutes. Cecchi briefly gained the lead of the race for two stages; however, Magni took the lead after the seventeenth stage which saw riders cross the Pordoi Pass. Coppi and his team suspected that Magni received help from the spectators, which the organizers gave Magni a two-minute penalty for.", "1949 Tour de France The 1949 Tour de France was the 36th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 30 June to 24 July. It consisted of 21 stages over . The Italian team had internal problems, because Gino Bartali and Fausto Coppi could both be the team leader. During the selection procedure, Coppi almost refused to start the race, but he was convinced to start. During the race, Coppi almost pulled out, because he felt he did not have full support from the team captain. In the Alps, Coppi recovered. The race was won by Coppi, with second place taken by teammate Bartali, the winner of the previous year. Coppi also won the mountains classification, while his Italian team won the team classification. The 1949 Tour de France marked the first time that the Tour de France had a stage finish in Spain, when it stopped in San Sebastian in the ninth stage. While the mountains had been categorised into two categories in 1948, in 1949 the third category was added. As was the custom since the 1930 Tour de France, the 1949 Tour de France was contested by national and regional teams. The three major cycling countries in 1949, Italy, Belgium and France, each sent a team of 12 cyclists. Other countries sent teams of 6 cyclists: Switzerland, Luxembourg, Netherlands and Spain. Italy and Belgium also sent two extra teams of young riders of 6 cyclists each. The French regional cyclists were divided into four teams of 12 cyclists: \u00cele-de-France, West/North, Centre/South-West and South-East. Altogether this made 120 cyclists. There were 57 French cyclists, 22 Italian, 18 Belgian, 6 Dutch, 6 Luxembourg, 6 Spanish, 6 Swiss and 1 Polish cyclist. In the previous year, Fausto Coppi refused to enter the Tour de France because of personal problems with his teammate Gino Bartali."], "answer": {"text": "Bartali, conservative, religious, was venerated in the rural, agrarian south, while Coppi, more worldly, secular, innovative", "answer_start": 264}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_42f71a0f28714edcb5c11e16769ad7fa_1_q#1", "question": "Why were they rivals?", "rewrite": "Why were Fausto Coppi and Bartali rivals?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1949 Tour de France The 1949 Tour de France was the 36th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 30 June to 24 July. It consisted of 21 stages over . The Italian team had internal problems, because Gino Bartali and Fausto Coppi could both be the team leader. During the selection procedure, Coppi almost refused to start the race, but he was convinced to start. During the race, Coppi almost pulled out, because he felt he did not have full support from the team captain. In the Alps, Coppi recovered. The race was won by Coppi, with second place taken by teammate Bartali, the winner of the previous year. Coppi also won the mountains classification, while his Italian team won the team classification. The 1949 Tour de France marked the first time that the Tour de France had a stage finish in Spain, when it stopped in San Sebastian in the ninth stage. While the mountains had been categorised into two categories in 1948, in 1949 the third category was added. As was the custom since the 1930 Tour de France, the 1949 Tour de France was contested by national and regional teams. The three major cycling countries in 1949, Italy, Belgium and France, each sent a team of 12 cyclists. Other countries sent teams of 6 cyclists: Switzerland, Luxembourg, Netherlands and Spain. Italy and Belgium also sent two extra teams of young riders of 6 cyclists each. The French regional cyclists were divided into four teams of 12 cyclists: \u00cele-de-France, West/North, Centre/South-West and South-East. Altogether this made 120 cyclists. There were 57 French cyclists, 22 Italian, 18 Belgian, 6 Dutch, 6 Luxembourg, 6 Spanish, 6 Swiss and 1 Polish cyclist. In the previous year, Fausto Coppi refused to enter the Tour de France because of personal problems with his teammate Gino Bartali.", "He won overall and took five stages \u2013 two time-trials, two conventional stages and another in the mountains. In 1951 he \"rode the best off his wheel\" between Brive and Agen, said \"Cycling Plus\", \"just 20 miles into the stage, then covered 88 miles on his own to win by three minutes. This was despite a frantic chase by such greats as triple Tour winner Louison Bobet, double winner Gino Bartali and Fausto Coppi. \" The time differences when the Tour ended at the Parc des Princes meant he had beaten Rapha\u00ebl G\u00e9miniani by 12 km, Lucien Lazarides by 18, Bartali by 18 and Coppi by 27. The 1951 Tour de France started in Metz, the second time outside Paris. The main riders were Louison Bobet for France, Fausto Coppi and an ageing Gino Bartali for Italy. Coppi was hindered by grief at the death of his brother, Serse. Both Coppi and Bobet were pushed out of the running when Koblet won the time-trial from La Guerche to Angers. Their position was confirmed four days later when Koblet attacked on a gentle descent after two hours of the stage from Brive to Agen, a day expected to be a quiet journey towards the Pyrenees. He won again at Luchon, Montpellier and Geneva. Hugo Koblet was a handsome man whose fame brought beautiful women and a lifestyle that affected his career. He was \"the most charming of men to talk to,\" said Jock Wadley. Ren\u00e9 de Latour wrote in Sporting Cyclist: \"Koblet had not an enemy at all.", "1949 Giro d'Italia The 1949 Giro d'Italia was the 32nd edition of the Giro d'Italia, a cycling race organized and sponsored by the newspaper \"La Gazzetta dello Sport\". The race began on 21 May in Palermo with a stage that stretched to Catania, finishing in Monza on 12 June after a stage and a total distance covered of . The race was won by the Italian rider Fausto Coppi of the Bianchi team, with fellow Italians Gino Bartali and Giordano Cottur coming in second and third respectively. Coppi won the overall by way of the memorable 17th stage (from Cuneo to Pinerolo), during which he escaped from the group and climbed alone the Maddalena Pass, the Col de Vars, the Col d'Izoard, the Col de Montgen\u00e8vre and the Sestriere Pass, arriving in Pinerolo 11'52\" ahead of Bartali, his tenacious antagonist during those years. A total of 15 teams were invited to participate in the 1949 Giro d'Italia. Each team sent a squad of seven riders, so the Giro began with a peloton of 105 cyclists. Out of the 105 riders that started this edition of the Giro d'Italia, a total of 65 riders made it to the finish in Monza. The teams entering the race were: The main favorites entering the race were Gino Bartali and Fausto Coppi. Vito Ortelli, who placed fourth the year prior did not participate as he was suffering from an illness and stayed home. \"l'Unit\u00e0\"'s Attilio Camoriano wrote that Coppi's form entering the race could allow him to gain the lead early on and hold it from Bartali, who was known to take several stages to warm up and adjust to the race.", "After the pioneering years, the race was dominated alternately by Frenchman Henri P\u00e9lissier and local heroes Gaetano Belloni and Costante Girardengo, all winning the race three times. From the 1930s to the 1950s, Alfredo Binda, Gino Bartali and Fausto Coppi, icons of Italian cycling, were the main protagonists and immortalized the race with their exploits. Coppi won the race 5 times (of which 4 consecutive wins) and Binda 4 times. Coppi finished solo on every win, following a successful strategy of attacking on the Madonna del Ghisallo and maintaining his lead to the finish in Milan. Gino Bartali was the king of the podium with 9 top-3 finishes (3 wins, 4 second places and 2 third places). The race of 1956 was a particularly fascinating battle. At 60 km from the finish a breakaway was formed with Fausto Coppi, seeking his sixth victory. Italian rider Fiorenzo Magni had missed the break, and as he fell further behind, a car passed him with Giulia Occhini, Coppi's infamous mistress, sitting in the back. The two did not get on and as her car passed, Magni saw her sneer at him. Infuriated, Magni set out in an improbable solo pursuit of the breakaway and caught the leaders in the final kilometres. He and Coppi openly argued and Andr\u00e9 Darrigade, sensing their indecisiveness, attacked to claim the victory, thereby relegating Coppi and Magni to second and third place. In 1961, the finish of the Tour of Lombardy was moved from Milan to Como and the identity of the race changed fundamentally. The previous flat finale towards the finish in Milan was replaced with a spectacular finish by Lake Como, just 6 km after the top of the last climb.", "Gunfire erupted, the stage was cancelled, and close to twenty riders were escorted to Trieste. In addition, there were riots that took place in Trieste because both Yugoslavia and Italy claimed the city as part of their territory. Bartali gained the lead after the thirteenth stage of the race and went on to win the event without winning a stage. The 1947 Giro d'Italia was the first Giro to have all competing riders be a part of a trade team, rather than some riders competing as independents. Fausto Coppi, Gino bartali, and Aldo Ronconi broke away during the fourth leg while climbing the Abetone and rode into Prato where Coppi won the stage and Bartali took the overall lead. Bartali held that lead until the sixteenth stage when his chain dropped on the climb of the Falzarego when Coppi saw this he attacked. On the descent of the Falzarego, the same misfortune struck Coppi, which allowed Bartali to rejoin him. Later, Coppi attacked on the Passo Pordoi and Bartali could not keep up. Coppi took the stage and the overall lead, which he held all the way to race's finish. Fiorenzo Magni won the 1948 Giro d'Italia by a margin of eleven seconds \u2014 the smallest margin of victory in the history of the race \u2014 over Ezio Cecchi. Magni gained significant time after being a part of a successful breakaway in the race's ninth day of racing. Magni's lead over race favorites Coppi and Bartali was near thirteen minutes. Cecchi briefly gained the lead of the race for two stages; however, Magni took the lead after the seventeenth stage which saw riders cross the Pordoi Pass. Coppi and his team suspected that Magni received help from the spectators, which the organizers gave Magni a two-minute penalty for."], "answer": {"text": "while Coppi, more worldly, secular, innovative in diet and training, was hero of the industrial north.", "answer_start": 342}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Fausto Coppi' rivalry with Bartali start?", "answer": {"text": "Bartali, conservative, religious, was venerated in the rural, agrarian south, while Coppi, more worldly, secular, innovative", "answer_start": 264, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_42f71a0f28714edcb5c11e16769ad7fa_1_q#3", "question": "Who won the race on that day?", "rewrite": "Who won the race between Fausto Coppi and Bartali?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Binda tried to convince Coppi that he had been delayed, and he succeeded in keeping Coppi in the race. In the Alps, Coppi recovered. In the sixteenth stage, Coppi escaped, and only Bartali followed him. It was Bartali's 35th birthday, and Coppi gave Bartali the stage victory. After that stage, Bartali was first in the general classification, with Coppi in second place, 82 seconds behind. In stage 17, Bartali and Coppi again were leading together. Around 40 km into the stage, Bartali punctured. Coppi waited for Bartali, but when Bartali later fell and twisted his ankle, team leader Binda allowed Coppi to take off alone. Coppi did so, won the stage, and decided the race. That seventeenth stage finished in the Italian town Aosta. Many Italians had come to see the Tour de France, to cheer on their Italian heroes Coppi and Bartali but also to express their anger against the French cyclists, specifically Jean Robic, who had said in an interview that he could beat those Italians easily. Insults were shouted against non-Italians in the Tour, and some windows of French cars were smashed. For safety, and because there were not enough telephone connections for the journalists, most Tour officials and journalists decided to spend the night in Switzerland. When the Tour returned to France in the nineteenth stage to Colmar, some French spectators took revenge by throwing tomatoes and rocks towards the Italian cyclists and followers. The organisation apologised for this behavior, and the Italian cyclists accepted this apology. In the rest of the race, Coppi's lead was not endangered; Coppi won the mountain time trial in stage 20, and won the Tour with a margin of more than ten minutes over Bartali.", "1949 Tour de France The 1949 Tour de France was the 36th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 30 June to 24 July. It consisted of 21 stages over . The Italian team had internal problems, because Gino Bartali and Fausto Coppi could both be the team leader. During the selection procedure, Coppi almost refused to start the race, but he was convinced to start. During the race, Coppi almost pulled out, because he felt he did not have full support from the team captain. In the Alps, Coppi recovered. The race was won by Coppi, with second place taken by teammate Bartali, the winner of the previous year. Coppi also won the mountains classification, while his Italian team won the team classification. The 1949 Tour de France marked the first time that the Tour de France had a stage finish in Spain, when it stopped in San Sebastian in the ninth stage. While the mountains had been categorised into two categories in 1948, in 1949 the third category was added. As was the custom since the 1930 Tour de France, the 1949 Tour de France was contested by national and regional teams. The three major cycling countries in 1949, Italy, Belgium and France, each sent a team of 12 cyclists. Other countries sent teams of 6 cyclists: Switzerland, Luxembourg, Netherlands and Spain. Italy and Belgium also sent two extra teams of young riders of 6 cyclists each. The French regional cyclists were divided into four teams of 12 cyclists: \u00cele-de-France, West/North, Centre/South-West and South-East. Altogether this made 120 cyclists. There were 57 French cyclists, 22 Italian, 18 Belgian, 6 Dutch, 6 Luxembourg, 6 Spanish, 6 Swiss and 1 Polish cyclist. In the previous year, Fausto Coppi refused to enter the Tour de France because of personal problems with his teammate Gino Bartali.", "After the pioneering years, the race was dominated alternately by Frenchman Henri P\u00e9lissier and local heroes Gaetano Belloni and Costante Girardengo, all winning the race three times. From the 1930s to the 1950s, Alfredo Binda, Gino Bartali and Fausto Coppi, icons of Italian cycling, were the main protagonists and immortalized the race with their exploits. Coppi won the race 5 times (of which 4 consecutive wins) and Binda 4 times. Coppi finished solo on every win, following a successful strategy of attacking on the Madonna del Ghisallo and maintaining his lead to the finish in Milan. Gino Bartali was the king of the podium with 9 top-3 finishes (3 wins, 4 second places and 2 third places). The race of 1956 was a particularly fascinating battle. At 60 km from the finish a breakaway was formed with Fausto Coppi, seeking his sixth victory. Italian rider Fiorenzo Magni had missed the break, and as he fell further behind, a car passed him with Giulia Occhini, Coppi's infamous mistress, sitting in the back. The two did not get on and as her car passed, Magni saw her sneer at him. Infuriated, Magni set out in an improbable solo pursuit of the breakaway and caught the leaders in the final kilometres. He and Coppi openly argued and Andr\u00e9 Darrigade, sensing their indecisiveness, attacked to claim the victory, thereby relegating Coppi and Magni to second and third place. In 1961, the finish of the Tour of Lombardy was moved from Milan to Como and the identity of the race changed fundamentally. The previous flat finale towards the finish in Milan was replaced with a spectacular finish by Lake Como, just 6 km after the top of the last climb.", "Gunfire erupted, the stage was cancelled, and close to twenty riders were escorted to Trieste. In addition, there were riots that took place in Trieste because both Yugoslavia and Italy claimed the city as part of their territory. Bartali gained the lead after the thirteenth stage of the race and went on to win the event without winning a stage. The 1947 Giro d'Italia was the first Giro to have all competing riders be a part of a trade team, rather than some riders competing as independents. Fausto Coppi, Gino bartali, and Aldo Ronconi broke away during the fourth leg while climbing the Abetone and rode into Prato where Coppi won the stage and Bartali took the overall lead. Bartali held that lead until the sixteenth stage when his chain dropped on the climb of the Falzarego when Coppi saw this he attacked. On the descent of the Falzarego, the same misfortune struck Coppi, which allowed Bartali to rejoin him. Later, Coppi attacked on the Passo Pordoi and Bartali could not keep up. Coppi took the stage and the overall lead, which he held all the way to race's finish. Fiorenzo Magni won the 1948 Giro d'Italia by a margin of eleven seconds \u2014 the smallest margin of victory in the history of the race \u2014 over Ezio Cecchi. Magni gained significant time after being a part of a successful breakaway in the race's ninth day of racing. Magni's lead over race favorites Coppi and Bartali was near thirteen minutes. Cecchi briefly gained the lead of the race for two stages; however, Magni took the lead after the seventeenth stage which saw riders cross the Pordoi Pass. Coppi and his team suspected that Magni received help from the spectators, which the organizers gave Magni a two-minute penalty for.", "1949 Giro d'Italia The 1949 Giro d'Italia was the 32nd edition of the Giro d'Italia, a cycling race organized and sponsored by the newspaper \"La Gazzetta dello Sport\". The race began on 21 May in Palermo with a stage that stretched to Catania, finishing in Monza on 12 June after a stage and a total distance covered of . The race was won by the Italian rider Fausto Coppi of the Bianchi team, with fellow Italians Gino Bartali and Giordano Cottur coming in second and third respectively. Coppi won the overall by way of the memorable 17th stage (from Cuneo to Pinerolo), during which he escaped from the group and climbed alone the Maddalena Pass, the Col de Vars, the Col d'Izoard, the Col de Montgen\u00e8vre and the Sestriere Pass, arriving in Pinerolo 11'52\" ahead of Bartali, his tenacious antagonist during those years. A total of 15 teams were invited to participate in the 1949 Giro d'Italia. Each team sent a squad of seven riders, so the Giro began with a peloton of 105 cyclists. Out of the 105 riders that started this edition of the Giro d'Italia, a total of 65 riders made it to the finish in Monza. The teams entering the race were: The main favorites entering the race were Gino Bartali and Fausto Coppi. Vito Ortelli, who placed fourth the year prior did not participate as he was suffering from an illness and stayed home. \"l'Unit\u00e0\"'s Attilio Camoriano wrote that Coppi's form entering the race could allow him to gain the lead early on and hold it from Bartali, who was known to take several stages to warm up and adjust to the race."], "answer": {"text": "Their rivalry started when Coppi, the helping hand, won the Giro and Bartali, the star, marshalled the team to chase.", "answer_start": 976}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Fausto Coppi' rivalry with Bartali start?", "answer": {"text": "Bartali, conservative, religious, was venerated in the rural, agrarian south, while Coppi, more worldly, secular, innovative", "answer_start": 264, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were they rivals?", "answer": {"text": "while Coppi, more worldly, secular, innovative in diet and training, was hero of the industrial north.", "answer_start": 342, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Coppi address the rivalry?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_42f71a0f28714edcb5c11e16769ad7fa_1_q#4", "question": "Did they race each other again after that day?", "rewrite": "Did Fausto Coppi and Bartali race each other again after the Giro race?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Gunfire erupted, the stage was cancelled, and close to twenty riders were escorted to Trieste. In addition, there were riots that took place in Trieste because both Yugoslavia and Italy claimed the city as part of their territory. Bartali gained the lead after the thirteenth stage of the race and went on to win the event without winning a stage. The 1947 Giro d'Italia was the first Giro to have all competing riders be a part of a trade team, rather than some riders competing as independents. Fausto Coppi, Gino bartali, and Aldo Ronconi broke away during the fourth leg while climbing the Abetone and rode into Prato where Coppi won the stage and Bartali took the overall lead. Bartali held that lead until the sixteenth stage when his chain dropped on the climb of the Falzarego when Coppi saw this he attacked. On the descent of the Falzarego, the same misfortune struck Coppi, which allowed Bartali to rejoin him. Later, Coppi attacked on the Passo Pordoi and Bartali could not keep up. Coppi took the stage and the overall lead, which he held all the way to race's finish. Fiorenzo Magni won the 1948 Giro d'Italia by a margin of eleven seconds \u2014 the smallest margin of victory in the history of the race \u2014 over Ezio Cecchi. Magni gained significant time after being a part of a successful breakaway in the race's ninth day of racing. Magni's lead over race favorites Coppi and Bartali was near thirteen minutes. Cecchi briefly gained the lead of the race for two stages; however, Magni took the lead after the seventeenth stage which saw riders cross the Pordoi Pass. Coppi and his team suspected that Magni received help from the spectators, which the organizers gave Magni a two-minute penalty for.", "Binda won five Giros before he was usurped as the dominant cyclist by Gino Bartali. Nicknamed the \"Iron Man of Tuscany\" for his endurance, Bartali won two Giros during the 1930s, in 1936 and 1937. Bartali's dominance was challenged in 1940, the last Giro before the Second World War, when he was defeated by his 20-year-old teammate Fausto Coppi. The rivalry between Bartali and Coppi intensified after the war. Bartali won his last Giro in 1946, with Coppi winning his second the following year. Coppi won a further three Giros and in 1952 he became the first cyclist to win the Tour de France and Giro in the same year. Swiss Hugo Koblet became the first non-Italian to win the race in 1950. No one dominated the tour during the 1950s, Coppi, Charly Gaul and Fiorenzo Magni each won two Giros during the decade. The 1960s were similar, five-time Tour de France winner Jacques Anquetil won in 1960, and 1964, while Franco Balmamion won two successive Giros in 1962 and 1963. Belgian Eddy Merckx was the dominant figure during the 1970s. His first victory came in 1968; another triumph in 1970 was followed by three successive victories from 1972 to 1974, which is the record for the most successive victories in the Giro. Felice Gimondi was victorious in 1976 winning his third Giro. Belgians Michel Pollentier and Johan De Muynck won the two subsequent Giros in 1977 and 1978. In 1980, Frenchman Bernard Hinault became France's first winner since Anquetil in 1964. He would win another two Giros in 1982 and 1985. American Andrew Hampsten became the first non-European winner in 1988, and the first South American winner was Nairo Quintana of Colombia in 2014.", "1949 Giro d'Italia The 1949 Giro d'Italia was the 32nd edition of the Giro d'Italia, a cycling race organized and sponsored by the newspaper \"La Gazzetta dello Sport\". The race began on 21 May in Palermo with a stage that stretched to Catania, finishing in Monza on 12 June after a stage and a total distance covered of . The race was won by the Italian rider Fausto Coppi of the Bianchi team, with fellow Italians Gino Bartali and Giordano Cottur coming in second and third respectively. Coppi won the overall by way of the memorable 17th stage (from Cuneo to Pinerolo), during which he escaped from the group and climbed alone the Maddalena Pass, the Col de Vars, the Col d'Izoard, the Col de Montgen\u00e8vre and the Sestriere Pass, arriving in Pinerolo 11'52\" ahead of Bartali, his tenacious antagonist during those years. A total of 15 teams were invited to participate in the 1949 Giro d'Italia. Each team sent a squad of seven riders, so the Giro began with a peloton of 105 cyclists. Out of the 105 riders that started this edition of the Giro d'Italia, a total of 65 riders made it to the finish in Monza. The teams entering the race were: The main favorites entering the race were Gino Bartali and Fausto Coppi. Vito Ortelli, who placed fourth the year prior did not participate as he was suffering from an illness and stayed home. \"l'Unit\u00e0\"'s Attilio Camoriano wrote that Coppi's form entering the race could allow him to gain the lead early on and hold it from Bartali, who was known to take several stages to warm up and adjust to the race.", "The 1952 Giro d'Italia featured one of the first deaths by a rider in the Giro in Orfeo Ponsin who died from complications after crashing into a tree on the descent of the Merluzza. Fausto Coppi took the race lead upon the tenth stage's finish, but the following day he attacked on the Passo Pordoi and rode the rest of the stage by himself to increase his lead. Coppi won two stages after gaining the overall lead, which further cemented his lead in the race. The Swiss rider Hugo Koblet gained the lead of the 1953 Giro d'Italia after the race's stage eight individual time trial. Koblet defended the successfully lead from Fausto Coppi up until the twentieth stage that contained the Passo dello Stelvio. The night before the twentieth stage, Koblet overused amphetamines, which made him uneasy throughout the stage. Kolbet marked an attack on the ascent of the Stelvio while showing signs of weakness. Coppi heard of Koblet's drug use and attacked. Koblet was unable to match Coppi's move and Coppi went on to win the stage and take the race lead. The time gap proved to be enough and Coppi won a record tying five Giro d'Italia. The tensions at the start of the race in 1954 were high because the organizers paid Fausto Coppi a large sum to participate in the race The transaction angered the peloton and led to the race being not highly contested; this was extremely evident on the twenty-first stage when the riders took over nine hours to complete the stage. Eventual winner Carlo Clerici attacked during the sixth leg and gained enough of a time advantage over the rest of the peloton and win the Giro d'Italia.", "In addition to the general classification, Bartali won his second consecutive mountains classification title. For the 1937 Giro d'Italia the organizers decided to include the Dolomites and a team time trial for the first time. The team time trial lasted and was won by Legnano, the team of the eventual winner Gino Bartali. Bartali displayed his dominance in the mountains and gained the lead after the uphill stage 8a time trial. Bartali carried the pink jersey all the way to Milan and won his second consecutive Giro d'Italia. Gino Bartali, the winner of the past two editions, was ordered by the Italian government to race the Tour de France instead of the Giro in 1938. Giovanni Valetti took the lead of the 1938 Giro d'Italia after the mountainous ninth stage. Valetti had a lead of a minute and a half after that stage and built upon that as the Giro went on, finishing almost nine minutes ahead of the second place rider Ezio Cecchi. The 1939 Giro d'Italia was a battle between Gino Bartali and Giovanni Valetti. Valetti took the lead after the stage 9b individual time trial. Bartali became the leader after he had attacked on the Passo Rolle during the fifteenth stage. Bartali lost the lead to Valetti because he crashed and had several flat tires throughout the sixteenth stage. Valetti won his second consecutive Giro d'Italia, while Bartali left the Giro with his fourth mountains classification title. Bartali came to the 1940 Giro d'Italia with a strong Legnano team and high ambitions to win the overall crown; however his hopes were derailed when he crashed in the race's second stage and lost time. Fausto Coppi was promoted to the new team leader after Bartali's misfortunes."], "answer": {"text": "Thinking only of their personal rivalry, they abandoned the race, to the approbation of all sportsmen\". They were suspended for three months.", "answer_start": 1319}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Fausto Coppi' rivalry with Bartali start?", "answer": {"text": "Bartali, conservative, religious, was venerated in the rural, agrarian south, while Coppi, more worldly, secular, innovative", "answer_start": 264, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were they rivals?", "answer": {"text": "while Coppi, more worldly, secular, innovative in diet and training, was hero of the industrial north.", "answer_start": 342, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Coppi address the rivalry?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who won the race on that day?", "answer": {"text": "Their rivalry started when Coppi, the helping hand, won the Giro and Bartali, the star, marshalled the team to chase.", "answer_start": 976, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_42f71a0f28714edcb5c11e16769ad7fa_1_q#7", "question": "Is there anything else of note about the rivalry?", "rewrite": "Besides the races and suspension, is there anything else of note about the Fausto Coppi and Bartali rivalry?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["1949 Giro d'Italia The 1949 Giro d'Italia was the 32nd edition of the Giro d'Italia, a cycling race organized and sponsored by the newspaper \"La Gazzetta dello Sport\". The race began on 21 May in Palermo with a stage that stretched to Catania, finishing in Monza on 12 June after a stage and a total distance covered of . The race was won by the Italian rider Fausto Coppi of the Bianchi team, with fellow Italians Gino Bartali and Giordano Cottur coming in second and third respectively. Coppi won the overall by way of the memorable 17th stage (from Cuneo to Pinerolo), during which he escaped from the group and climbed alone the Maddalena Pass, the Col de Vars, the Col d'Izoard, the Col de Montgen\u00e8vre and the Sestriere Pass, arriving in Pinerolo 11'52\" ahead of Bartali, his tenacious antagonist during those years. A total of 15 teams were invited to participate in the 1949 Giro d'Italia. Each team sent a squad of seven riders, so the Giro began with a peloton of 105 cyclists. Out of the 105 riders that started this edition of the Giro d'Italia, a total of 65 riders made it to the finish in Monza. The teams entering the race were: The main favorites entering the race were Gino Bartali and Fausto Coppi. Vito Ortelli, who placed fourth the year prior did not participate as he was suffering from an illness and stayed home. \"l'Unit\u00e0\"'s Attilio Camoriano wrote that Coppi's form entering the race could allow him to gain the lead early on and hold it from Bartali, who was known to take several stages to warm up and adjust to the race.", "The lives of each came together on 7 January 1940 when Eberrardo Pavesi, head of the Legnano team, took on Coppi to ride for Bartali. Bartali thought Coppi was \"as thin as a mutton bone\", but accepted. Their rivalry started when Coppi, the helper, won the Giro and Bartali, the star, marshalled the two men's team to chase him. By the 1948 world championship at Valkenburg, both climbed off rather than help the other win. The Italian cycling association said: \"They have forgotten to honour the Italian prestige they represent. Thinking only of their personal rivalry, they abandoned the race, to the approbation of all sportsmen. \" They were suspended for two months. The thaw partly broke when the pair shared a drink bottle during the climb of the Col d'Izoard in the 1952 Tour but the two men fell out over who had offered it. \"I did,\" Bartali insisted. \" He never gave me anything. \" Their rivalry was the subject of intense coverage and resulted in many epic races. When professional cycle racing resumed in 1946 after World War II, Bartali narrowly beat Coppi in that year's Giro, while Coppi won Milan\u2013San Remo. Bartali won the Tour de Suisse twice, another Milan\u2013San Remo, and the 1948 Tour de France \u2013 a full ten years after his last victory. Coppi took victories in the 1947 Giro d'Italia, the Giro di Lombardia and the Grand Prix des Nations. Despite the rivalry, perhaps heightened by Coppi's victory in the 1949 Giro, Bartali supported Coppi's bid in the 1949 Tour de France. The two Italian teammates destroyed the race as a contest in a mountainous Alpine stage over the Col de Vars and Col d'Izoard.", "Gunfire erupted, the stage was cancelled, and close to twenty riders were escorted to Trieste. In addition, there were riots that took place in Trieste because both Yugoslavia and Italy claimed the city as part of their territory. Bartali gained the lead after the thirteenth stage of the race and went on to win the event without winning a stage. The 1947 Giro d'Italia was the first Giro to have all competing riders be a part of a trade team, rather than some riders competing as independents. Fausto Coppi, Gino bartali, and Aldo Ronconi broke away during the fourth leg while climbing the Abetone and rode into Prato where Coppi won the stage and Bartali took the overall lead. Bartali held that lead until the sixteenth stage when his chain dropped on the climb of the Falzarego when Coppi saw this he attacked. On the descent of the Falzarego, the same misfortune struck Coppi, which allowed Bartali to rejoin him. Later, Coppi attacked on the Passo Pordoi and Bartali could not keep up. Coppi took the stage and the overall lead, which he held all the way to race's finish. Fiorenzo Magni won the 1948 Giro d'Italia by a margin of eleven seconds \u2014 the smallest margin of victory in the history of the race \u2014 over Ezio Cecchi. Magni gained significant time after being a part of a successful breakaway in the race's ninth day of racing. Magni's lead over race favorites Coppi and Bartali was near thirteen minutes. Cecchi briefly gained the lead of the race for two stages; however, Magni took the lead after the seventeenth stage which saw riders cross the Pordoi Pass. Coppi and his team suspected that Magni received help from the spectators, which the organizers gave Magni a two-minute penalty for.", "1949 Tour de France The 1949 Tour de France was the 36th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 30 June to 24 July. It consisted of 21 stages over . The Italian team had internal problems, because Gino Bartali and Fausto Coppi could both be the team leader. During the selection procedure, Coppi almost refused to start the race, but he was convinced to start. During the race, Coppi almost pulled out, because he felt he did not have full support from the team captain. In the Alps, Coppi recovered. The race was won by Coppi, with second place taken by teammate Bartali, the winner of the previous year. Coppi also won the mountains classification, while his Italian team won the team classification. The 1949 Tour de France marked the first time that the Tour de France had a stage finish in Spain, when it stopped in San Sebastian in the ninth stage. While the mountains had been categorised into two categories in 1948, in 1949 the third category was added. As was the custom since the 1930 Tour de France, the 1949 Tour de France was contested by national and regional teams. The three major cycling countries in 1949, Italy, Belgium and France, each sent a team of 12 cyclists. Other countries sent teams of 6 cyclists: Switzerland, Luxembourg, Netherlands and Spain. Italy and Belgium also sent two extra teams of young riders of 6 cyclists each. The French regional cyclists were divided into four teams of 12 cyclists: \u00cele-de-France, West/North, Centre/South-West and South-East. Altogether this made 120 cyclists. There were 57 French cyclists, 22 Italian, 18 Belgian, 6 Dutch, 6 Luxembourg, 6 Spanish, 6 Swiss and 1 Polish cyclist. In the previous year, Fausto Coppi refused to enter the Tour de France because of personal problems with his teammate Gino Bartali.", "He won overall and took five stages \u2013 two time-trials, two conventional stages and another in the mountains. In 1951 he \"rode the best off his wheel\" between Brive and Agen, said \"Cycling Plus\", \"just 20 miles into the stage, then covered 88 miles on his own to win by three minutes. This was despite a frantic chase by such greats as triple Tour winner Louison Bobet, double winner Gino Bartali and Fausto Coppi. \" The time differences when the Tour ended at the Parc des Princes meant he had beaten Rapha\u00ebl G\u00e9miniani by 12 km, Lucien Lazarides by 18, Bartali by 18 and Coppi by 27. The 1951 Tour de France started in Metz, the second time outside Paris. The main riders were Louison Bobet for France, Fausto Coppi and an ageing Gino Bartali for Italy. Coppi was hindered by grief at the death of his brother, Serse. Both Coppi and Bobet were pushed out of the running when Koblet won the time-trial from La Guerche to Angers. Their position was confirmed four days later when Koblet attacked on a gentle descent after two hours of the stage from Brive to Agen, a day expected to be a quiet journey towards the Pyrenees. He won again at Luchon, Montpellier and Geneva. Hugo Koblet was a handsome man whose fame brought beautiful women and a lifestyle that affected his career. He was \"the most charming of men to talk to,\" said Jock Wadley. Ren\u00e9 de Latour wrote in Sporting Cyclist: \"Koblet had not an enemy at all."], "answer": {"text": "Coppi's racing days are generally referred to as the beginning of the golden years of cycle racing. A factor is the competition between Coppi and Gino Bartali.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Fausto Coppi' rivalry with Bartali start?", "answer": {"text": "Bartali, conservative, religious, was venerated in the rural, agrarian south, while Coppi, more worldly, secular, innovative", "answer_start": 264, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were they rivals?", "answer": {"text": "while Coppi, more worldly, secular, innovative in diet and training, was hero of the industrial north.", "answer_start": 342, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Coppi address the rivalry?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who won the race on that day?", "answer": {"text": "Their rivalry started when Coppi, the helping hand, won the Giro and Bartali, the star, marshalled the team to chase.", "answer_start": 976, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they race each other again after that day?", "answer": {"text": "Thinking only of their personal rivalry, they abandoned the race, to the approbation of all sportsmen\". They were suspended for three months.", "answer_start": 1319, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the rivalry continue after the suspension?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they become friends after the rivalry ended?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2f4b44dac0a644348787d20df0054a6b_0_q#0", "question": "What is the corporation with regards to Dwayne Johnson?", "rewrite": "What is the corporation with regards to Dwayne Johnson?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Brad Peyton Brad Peyton (born May 27, 1978) is a Canadian film director, writer, and producer, best known for directing the Dwayne Johnson star vehicles \"\" (2012), \"San Andreas\" (2015) and \"Rampage\" (2018). Peyton was born in Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. He graduated from the Canadian Film Centre. He first gained fame with a short film and gothic comedy entitled \"\" (2002). The film was initially shown to Peyton's classmates, who clapped in approval. Filmmaker Jeremy Podeswa thus suggested Peyton should also show the film to a lawyer in the film industry in New York. This allowed the film to be distributed among the filmmaking elite. \"Evelyn\" also appeared in the Toronto International Film Festival in 2002. He then created and produced the surreal claymation television series \" What It's Like Being Alone\", which was picked up by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in 2006. Reportedly, one of Peyton's mentors is US actor Tom Hanks. Following the success of \"Alone\", Peyton went on to direct \"\" in 2010. In 2012, he directed the successful sequel to \"Journey to the Center of the Earth\", entitled \",\" which starred Dwayne Johnson and grossed $325.9 million. In 2015, Peyton directed the disaster film \"San Andreas\", which also starred Johnson, and the horror film \"Incarnate\". Peyton directed the feature film adaptation \"Rampage\" (2018), starring Dwayne Johnson, marking their third collaboration. In June 2016 it was confirmed that he had signed on to direct the feature film adaptation of \"Malignant Man\" produced by James Wan. On February 10, 2017, it was reported that Peyton will direct, write and produce the upcoming disaster film, \"Black Hole\", which will begin production in early 2018.", "Michael James Nelson Michael James Nelson (born June 12, 1979 in Winter Park, Florida, USA) is an American comedy writer and performer who has appeared on various national TV commercials and television shows on Music Television, CBS, and the television show \"Pretty Wicked\" on The Oxygen Network. He also was a writer on Betty White's Off Their Rockers on NBC, multiple seasons of the MTV Movie & TV Awards, and various other television shows. In 2017, Michael appeared on the People's Choice Awards as Dwayne \"The Insurance Adjuster\" Johnson in a comedy sketch where both he and Dwayne Johnson lost the \"Favorite Dwayne Johnson\" Award to an actual rock. Nelson is from Winter Park, Florida but spent most of his childhood in neighboring Maitland, Florida. He attended both Edgewater High School and Winter Park High School, and graduated from The Creative Writing Program at Florida State University in 2003. While attending college, Nelson was a newscaster and talk show host on the university's radio station WVFS. He was also a senior staff writer at the FSView creator and host of the variety sketch comedy show \"That Show With Those Guys\". Nelson has performed stand-up comedy at The Comedy Store in Los Angeles as well as the Comedy Cellar in New York City and many other comedy clubs. Nelson has frequently been featured on the website of Funny or Die and has appeared in their exclusive sketches with Matthew Morrison, Don Cheadle, Ray Romano, Cedric the Entertainer, George Lopez, Joe Mantegna, Chace Crawford, Rebecca Mader, Haley Joel Osment, Cheech Marin, Oliver Hudson, Larenz Tate and many more. Nelson has studied improvisational comedy at The Groundlings and Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre in Hollywood. Nelson is currently performing stand-up comedy and writing for various television shows.", "most successful film of the year, grossing $475 million worldwide. A few of FPC's more recent titles include: \"Baywatch\", \"\", \"\", \"The Rite\" and \"Journey to the Center of the Earth\", the first film ever produced in HD3D. The technology created for that film is the direct precursor of the technology used worldwide in 3D filmmaking today. Flynn is currently in production on Disney's \"Jungle Cruise\", based on the iconic theme park ride, which began shooting in May 2018. This is Flynn's seventh collaboration with Dwayne Johnson, who also stars with Emily Blunt. Jaume Collet-Serra is directing. After \"Jungle Cruise\", Flynn, Dwayne Johnson and Rawson Marshall Thurber will collaborate again in 2019 when they film \"Red Notice\", an international action-thriller, for Universal Pictures, which stars Dwayne Johnson and Gal Gadot. Some highlights of FPC's future projects include: an adaptation of DC Comic's \"Black Adam\", which will star Dwayne Johnson; \"An Incident at Fort Bragg\", a supernatural thriller based on a true story; \"Stillwater\", an original sci-fi thriller; \"The 37th Parallel\" and \"Seven Wonders\", both based on Ben Mezrich novels; \"Road to Oz\", a biography of L. Frank Baum, the author of \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\". FlynnPictureCo. (FPC) is under a three-year overhead deal with New Line Cinema and Warner Bros., where the banner has had a deal for over 12 years. FlynnPictureCo's staff includes Senior Vice President Wendy Jacobson, Vice President Scott Sheldon, Assistant to Beau Flynn Shelby Thomas and Assistant to Wendy Jacobson and Scott Sheldon Jordan Wise. Flynn and actress Marley Shelton married in July 2001.", "A popular clone remake, \"Highway Pursuit\", was released by Adam Dawes and Retrospec in 2003. \"Spy Hunter\" was included in \"\" for Nintendo 64; \"Midway Arcade Treasures\", a 2003 compilation of arcade games available for the GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox and Microsoft Windows platforms; \"\" for PlayStation Portable; and \"Midway Arcade Origins\", a 2012 compilation available for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. In the summer of 2003, Universal Pictures acquired the rights to the 1983 arcade game \"Spy Hunter\" from Midway Games. The following September, Universal signed actor Dwayne \"The Rock\" Johnson to star in the film adaptation based on the game. Screenwriters Michael Brandt and Derek Haas were hired to write the screenplay, though a director had not been decided at the time. \" Spy Hunter\" was slated to begin its budgeted $90 million production in spring 2004 in time for a summer 2005 release. In January 2004, screenwriters Mark Swift and Damian Shannon replaced the original writing duo to rewrite the script, with production slated for June. By May, Universal Pictures acquired director John Woo to helm the project. In the same month, the previous screenwriters were replaced by screenwriter Zak Penn to rewrite the script once more. By August 2004, production had been delayed, pushing \"Spy Hunter\" back to be released in summer 2006. In April 2005, Penn was replaced by screenwriter Stuart Beattie to rewrite the script. By May 2005, however, director John Woo left the project due to scheduling conflicts. In August 2005, Dwayne Johnson said the film was still developing without a director. Pre-production work was underway with designs such as the morphing Interceptor vehicle driven by Alex Decker. Production was eventually halted for the time being, and Dwayne Johnson was detached from the project.", "but Hemsworth was never officially announced or attached to the project. On May 22, 2016, Black told Thrillist that he would like to make the movie with Dwayne Johnson, stating, \"I made a decision that Dwayne is the guy. I would like to do Doc with Dwayne Johnson if we can make that work. It's on the back burner while he's busy.\" On May 30, 2016, Johnson confirmed on his Instagram account that he will be starring as Savage in the film, also hinting that the character is being dubbed the \"World's First Superhero\", mentioning that Savage's published appearance pre-dated that of Superman's (who debuted in 1938). Johnson also included the hashtag \"#World'sFirstSuperhero\". On April 11, 2018, Johnson said he and Black were still eager to do the project, but, \"That project had a few issues, not creative issues but more so business affairs issues\u2014where the project once was, who had rights to it, where we were trying to move it to. There was a lot of that, which we\u2019re still kind of working through.\""], "answer": {"text": "The Rock allied with Vince and Shane McMahon as the crown jewel of their stable, The Corporation.", "answer_start": 479}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_2f4b44dac0a644348787d20df0054a6b_0_q#1", "question": "What can you tell me about the corporation", "rewrite": "What can you tell me about the Dwayne Johnson's \"The corporation\"?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A popular clone remake, \"Highway Pursuit\", was released by Adam Dawes and Retrospec in 2003. \"Spy Hunter\" was included in \"\" for Nintendo 64; \"Midway Arcade Treasures\", a 2003 compilation of arcade games available for the GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox and Microsoft Windows platforms; \"\" for PlayStation Portable; and \"Midway Arcade Origins\", a 2012 compilation available for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. In the summer of 2003, Universal Pictures acquired the rights to the 1983 arcade game \"Spy Hunter\" from Midway Games. The following September, Universal signed actor Dwayne \"The Rock\" Johnson to star in the film adaptation based on the game. Screenwriters Michael Brandt and Derek Haas were hired to write the screenplay, though a director had not been decided at the time. \" Spy Hunter\" was slated to begin its budgeted $90 million production in spring 2004 in time for a summer 2005 release. In January 2004, screenwriters Mark Swift and Damian Shannon replaced the original writing duo to rewrite the script, with production slated for June. By May, Universal Pictures acquired director John Woo to helm the project. In the same month, the previous screenwriters were replaced by screenwriter Zak Penn to rewrite the script once more. By August 2004, production had been delayed, pushing \"Spy Hunter\" back to be released in summer 2006. In April 2005, Penn was replaced by screenwriter Stuart Beattie to rewrite the script. By May 2005, however, director John Woo left the project due to scheduling conflicts. In August 2005, Dwayne Johnson said the film was still developing without a director. Pre-production work was underway with designs such as the morphing Interceptor vehicle driven by Alex Decker. Production was eventually halted for the time being, and Dwayne Johnson was detached from the project.", "most successful film of the year, grossing $475 million worldwide. A few of FPC's more recent titles include: \"Baywatch\", \"\", \"\", \"The Rite\" and \"Journey to the Center of the Earth\", the first film ever produced in HD3D. The technology created for that film is the direct precursor of the technology used worldwide in 3D filmmaking today. Flynn is currently in production on Disney's \"Jungle Cruise\", based on the iconic theme park ride, which began shooting in May 2018. This is Flynn's seventh collaboration with Dwayne Johnson, who also stars with Emily Blunt. Jaume Collet-Serra is directing. After \"Jungle Cruise\", Flynn, Dwayne Johnson and Rawson Marshall Thurber will collaborate again in 2019 when they film \"Red Notice\", an international action-thriller, for Universal Pictures, which stars Dwayne Johnson and Gal Gadot. Some highlights of FPC's future projects include: an adaptation of DC Comic's \"Black Adam\", which will star Dwayne Johnson; \"An Incident at Fort Bragg\", a supernatural thriller based on a true story; \"Stillwater\", an original sci-fi thriller; \"The 37th Parallel\" and \"Seven Wonders\", both based on Ben Mezrich novels; \"Road to Oz\", a biography of L. Frank Baum, the author of \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\". FlynnPictureCo. (FPC) is under a three-year overhead deal with New Line Cinema and Warner Bros., where the banner has had a deal for over 12 years. FlynnPictureCo's staff includes Senior Vice President Wendy Jacobson, Vice President Scott Sheldon, Assistant to Beau Flynn Shelby Thomas and Assistant to Wendy Jacobson and Scott Sheldon Jordan Wise. Flynn and actress Marley Shelton married in July 2001.", "Michael James Nelson Michael James Nelson (born June 12, 1979 in Winter Park, Florida, USA) is an American comedy writer and performer who has appeared on various national TV commercials and television shows on Music Television, CBS, and the television show \"Pretty Wicked\" on The Oxygen Network. He also was a writer on Betty White's Off Their Rockers on NBC, multiple seasons of the MTV Movie & TV Awards, and various other television shows. In 2017, Michael appeared on the People's Choice Awards as Dwayne \"The Insurance Adjuster\" Johnson in a comedy sketch where both he and Dwayne Johnson lost the \"Favorite Dwayne Johnson\" Award to an actual rock. Nelson is from Winter Park, Florida but spent most of his childhood in neighboring Maitland, Florida. He attended both Edgewater High School and Winter Park High School, and graduated from The Creative Writing Program at Florida State University in 2003. While attending college, Nelson was a newscaster and talk show host on the university's radio station WVFS. He was also a senior staff writer at the FSView creator and host of the variety sketch comedy show \"That Show With Those Guys\". Nelson has performed stand-up comedy at The Comedy Store in Los Angeles as well as the Comedy Cellar in New York City and many other comedy clubs. Nelson has frequently been featured on the website of Funny or Die and has appeared in their exclusive sketches with Matthew Morrison, Don Cheadle, Ray Romano, Cedric the Entertainer, George Lopez, Joe Mantegna, Chace Crawford, Rebecca Mader, Haley Joel Osment, Cheech Marin, Oliver Hudson, Larenz Tate and many more. Nelson has studied improvisational comedy at The Groundlings and Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre in Hollywood. Nelson is currently performing stand-up comedy and writing for various television shows.", "Brad Peyton Brad Peyton (born May 27, 1978) is a Canadian film director, writer, and producer, best known for directing the Dwayne Johnson star vehicles \"\" (2012), \"San Andreas\" (2015) and \"Rampage\" (2018). Peyton was born in Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. He graduated from the Canadian Film Centre. He first gained fame with a short film and gothic comedy entitled \"\" (2002). The film was initially shown to Peyton's classmates, who clapped in approval. Filmmaker Jeremy Podeswa thus suggested Peyton should also show the film to a lawyer in the film industry in New York. This allowed the film to be distributed among the filmmaking elite. \"Evelyn\" also appeared in the Toronto International Film Festival in 2002. He then created and produced the surreal claymation television series \" What It's Like Being Alone\", which was picked up by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in 2006. Reportedly, one of Peyton's mentors is US actor Tom Hanks. Following the success of \"Alone\", Peyton went on to direct \"\" in 2010. In 2012, he directed the successful sequel to \"Journey to the Center of the Earth\", entitled \",\" which starred Dwayne Johnson and grossed $325.9 million. In 2015, Peyton directed the disaster film \"San Andreas\", which also starred Johnson, and the horror film \"Incarnate\". Peyton directed the feature film adaptation \"Rampage\" (2018), starring Dwayne Johnson, marking their third collaboration. In June 2016 it was confirmed that he had signed on to direct the feature film adaptation of \"Malignant Man\" produced by James Wan. On February 10, 2017, it was reported that Peyton will direct, write and produce the upcoming disaster film, \"Black Hole\", which will begin production in early 2018.", "but Hemsworth was never officially announced or attached to the project. On May 22, 2016, Black told Thrillist that he would like to make the movie with Dwayne Johnson, stating, \"I made a decision that Dwayne is the guy. I would like to do Doc with Dwayne Johnson if we can make that work. It's on the back burner while he's busy.\" On May 30, 2016, Johnson confirmed on his Instagram account that he will be starring as Savage in the film, also hinting that the character is being dubbed the \"World's First Superhero\", mentioning that Savage's published appearance pre-dated that of Superman's (who debuted in 1938). Johnson also included the hashtag \"#World'sFirstSuperhero\". On April 11, 2018, Johnson said he and Black were still eager to do the project, but, \"That project had a few issues, not creative issues but more so business affairs issues\u2014where the project once was, who had rights to it, where we were trying to move it to. There was a lot of that, which we\u2019re still kind of working through.\""], "answer": {"text": "beginning a feud with Triple H, The Undertaker and The Corporate Ministry that saw The Rock defeating Triple H", "answer_start": 477}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the corporation with regards to Dwayne Johnson?", "answer": {"text": "The Rock allied with Vince and Shane McMahon as the crown jewel of their stable, The Corporation.", "answer_start": 479, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2f4b44dac0a644348787d20df0054a6b_0_q#2", "question": "what did they do in the corporation", "rewrite": "what did The Rock, Vince and Shane McMahon do in the corporation?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["ECW's Bobby Lashley battled Raw's Vince McMahon for the ECW World Championship. Lashley faced Team McMahon (ECW World Champion Vince McMahon, Shane, and Umaga) in a 3-on-1 tag team Handicap match at Judgment Day, with the ECW World Championship on the line. Lashley won the match, pinning Shane after a Dominator powerslam. After the match, however, Vince declared that Lashley had not won the title and that he was still the ECW World Champion, as he had not been pinned. In the match, Lashley could have won the title, but not a member of Team McMahon. The following night, on the May 21 edition of \"Raw\", Lashley was put into a Gauntlet match by Vince McMahon, with the stipulation that if he won all four of the matches in the gauntlet, he would face Vince at One Night Stand. Lashley won all four matches, defeating Chris Masters, Viscera, Umaga and Shane McMahon in succession. As a result, Lashley gained a title shot at One Night Stand in a Street Fight. On the May 28 edition of \"Raw\", Lashley teamed with WWE Champion John Cena to take on Umaga, Shane McMahon and The Great Khali in a Handicap match. Shane won the match, pinning Lashley after an elbow drop. Vince was scheduled to face Lashley in an arm wrestling contest on the June 2 edition of \"Saturday Night's Main Event XXXIV\". Moments before the contest began, however, Vince booked Mark Henry as Lashley's opponent instead. During the contest, Vince attacked Lashley, hitting him with a steel chair. Before the event went live on pay-per-view, Santino Marella defeated Chris Masters in a dark match.", "In early 2007, Lashley was selected by Donald Trump to represent him in a \"Battle of the Billionaires\" match, against Vince McMahon's representative, Umaga, which also featured Vince's long time adversary Stone Cold Steve Austin as the guest referee. At WrestleMania 23 in a Hair vs. Hair match, Lashley defeated Umaga following a spear and helped Trump and Austin shave McMahon's head afterwards in accordance with the match's losing stipulation, saving Donald Trump's hair from being shaved off. After WrestleMania, Lashley feuded with Mr. McMahon. McMahon booked himself, his son Shane McMahon, and Umaga in a 3-on-1 handicap match against Lashley at Backlash for the ECW World Championship. After two high impact diving splashes from Umaga, Mr. McMahon tagged himself into the match and pinned Lashley to win the title. Lashley legitimately injured his shoulder during the match and after an examination days later, it was revealed he had a damaged rotator cuff but would not need surgery at the time. At Judgment Day, Lashley defeated Vince, Shane, and Umaga in a 3-on-1 handicap rematch after hitting the Dominator on Shane McMahon. Lashley did not win the ECW World Championship, however, because he did not pin Mr. McMahon. As a result, Mr. McMahon retained the title. On June 3 at One Night Stand, Lashley defeated Vince McMahon in a street fight to win the ECW World Championship for a second reign despite interference by Shane McMahon and Umaga in the match, making Lashley the first man to win the ECW World Championship twice since WWE reactivated the title. On the June 11 episode of \"Raw\", Lashley was drafted from the ECW brand to the Raw brand as part of the 2007 WWE draft.", "It was then announced that Cena would defend the WWE Championship in a Triple Threat match against Triple H and Edge at Backlash. Another rivalry heading into the event was Vince McMahon and Shane McMahon versus Shawn Michaels and God. This feud started on December 26, 2005, when Vince McMahon made note of Bret Hart's DVD, claiming that he \"tricked\" Hart in the hours of his match at Survivor Series 1997, where Hart lost the WWE Championship to Shawn Michaels. At the event, Michaels applied Hart's own finisher, the Sharpshooter, and McMahon called for the bell, in an event known as the \"Montreal Screwjob.\" Michaels interrupted McMahon and told him to \"let it go\" and \"move on\" from the events of Survivor Series. In reply McMahon told Michaels that he indeed screwed Bret Hart and added, \"Shawn, do not make me screw you.\" At the Royal Rumble, Shane McMahon made a surprising appearance when he eliminated Michaels from the Rumble match, though Shane was not a participant. McMahon informed Michaels that he would face his son Shane on the March 18, 2006 \"Saturday Night's Main Event XXXII\" in a No Holds Barred match. At the event, Vince interfered throughout the match on his son's behalf, by stopping the referee's count, after Michaels performed Sweet Chin Music, a move which sees the wrestler use the sole of the foot to strike an opponent's head or chin on Shane, an enraged Michaels grabbed McMahon but before he could do anything, Shane hit Michaels with a low blow. McMahon ordered Shane to apply the Sharpshooter on Michaels, and, after he executed the submission move, McMahon called for the bell, similar to the 1997 Survivor Series match. Mr. McMahon booked himself and Michaels in a No Holds Barred match at WrestleMania 22.", "Shane McMahon returned to WWE for the first time in almost seven years on the February 22, 2016 episode of \"Raw\" by interrupting his sister, Stephanie McMahon, receiving the \"Vincent J. McMahon Legacy of Excellence\" Award from their father, Vince McMahon, to announce that he wanted control of \"Raw\" since under Stephanie McMahon the company has had problems. By making a deal with his father, Shane would wrestle The Undertaker at WrestleMania 32 in a Hell in a Cell match; if Shane McMahon won, he would gain control of \"Raw\". Also, if Shane won, Wrestlemania 32 would be The Undertaker's last Wrestlemania. However, if Shane lost, Vince would get all of the items out of Shane's lock box. Although Shane McMahon lost to the Undertaker at Wrestlemania 32, he was general manager for a while. The February 29, 2016 episode of \"Raw\", which was broadcast live from Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tennessee, marked the first time the show aired on a Leap Day in its 23-year history. That night's episode featured Stephanie McMahon's speech after accepting the \"Vincent J. McMahon Legacy of Excellence\" Award from Mr. McMahon from the week after Fastlane, and the main event between Dean Ambrose and Alberto Del Rio (with The League of Nations' King Barrett, Sheamus and Rusev), which ended in a disqualification win for Ambrose, while Del Rio, Barrett, Sheamus, Rusev and Triple H attacked him. Triple H would wrestle Ambrose for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship at Roadblock, where Triple H won by pinfall and retained the title. On the March 14, 2016 episode of \"Raw\" from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Roman Reigns came back and had a brawl with Triple H after a win against Dolph Ziggler, in which Reigns hit Triple H with a LED monitor on his head, which required Triple H to need stitches.", "After Jack stood up again, Triple H performed the Pedigree on him. He then covered Cactus Jack for a successful pin to win the match. After The Rock lost against The Big Show, they continued their feud through the next month onto the March 13 edition of Raw Is War in a match where if The Rock lost, he must leave the company. Shane McMahon was made special guest referee, and during the match, Shane hit The Rock with a steel chair and tried to get The Big Show to cover him. Vince McMahon made his return by running into the ring, hitting his son, and allowing The Rock to perform a Rock Bottom on the Big Show and cover him for the pin and win back his WWF Championship title shot against Triple H at WrestleMania. On the March 16 edition of SmackDown, Shane McMahon came out and announced that the match would be a Triple Threat match (a standard match with three participants) also including the Big Show, to which Vince then came out and announced that he would be in The Rock's corner. Following this match taking place on a Raw Is War preceding WrestleMania 2000, Linda McMahon appeared and announced that the match occurring at WrestleMania would instead be a Fatal Four Way Elimination (a match with four participants where three must sequentially be eliminated via pinfall or submission) with Mick Foley whom Triple H had retired, filling the last spot. At WrestleMania 2000, Triple H defeated the three other men and thus retained his WWF Title. Both Vince and Shane McMahon betrayed the wrestlers they were backing and joined Triple H and Stephanie McMahon's faction, while Linda remained with Foley. The Rock received a rematch at Backlash 2000 and defeated Triple H, thanks to the help of Linda McMahon and Stone Cold Steve Austin."], "answer": {"text": "The Rock, who then lost the title rematch at Backlash: In Your House and was thus betrayed by Shane McMahon,", "answer_start": 327}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the corporation with regards to Dwayne Johnson?", "answer": {"text": "The Rock allied with Vince and Shane McMahon as the crown jewel of their stable, The Corporation.", "answer_start": 479, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What can you tell me about the corporation", "answer": {"text": "beginning a feud with Triple H, The Undertaker and The Corporate Ministry that saw The Rock defeating Triple H", "answer_start": 477, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_2f4b44dac0a644348787d20df0054a6b_0_q#3", "question": "When did he join the corporation", "rewrite": "When did The Rock join the corporation?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On 18 January 1997 a major rockfall occurred at around which initiated an enormous avalanche that travelled horizontally, descending over into the floor of Val Veny. It killed two skiers and built a -high dam of snow and ice which temporarily blocked the Dora Baltea river, whilst the air blast destroyed mature forest trees and buildings on the opposite side of the valley. The total volume of rock, snow and ice was estimated at four million cubic metres. Further investigation suggested that the avalanche was not caused directly by the rockfall, but through seismic shock causing seracs to collapse which, in turn, then initiated the snow and ice avalanche. The rock avalanche itself has been described as a classic example of a sturzstrom. The lower section of the Brenva Glacier is covered in rock \u2013 the remnants of earlier rockfalls in November 1920 from the east face of the Grand Pilier d'Angle. These were four separate events, consisting of between 2.4 to 3.6 million cubic metres of rock, which then mobilised a further 7.8 to 9.9 million cubic metres of snow and ice. Four additional pre-20th century rockfall events have also been identified on the Brenva Glacier. These occurred in 1767 AD; the early 14th century; between 426 and 615 AD; and between 2750 and 2350 calendar years BP. Evidence for the glacier's re-advance in the past has been found in the form of ancient logs buried in moraine deposits. These indicate that those moraines themselves had once been exposed and forested, but then subsequently reburied by new moraines during another period of glacial advance. Retreat of the Brenva Glacier since 1988 has exposed its lateral moraines which served to channel the massive 1997 rock avalanche between them.", "But he managed to avoid the significant industrial action that was interrupting production at other Welsh slate quarries in this period. By 1840 the slate that could be easily accessed by surface quarrying with contemporary methods was exhausted, so the quarries began underground mining. Complex arrangements were written into the leases to ensure that the underground workings did not conflict. Production at all three quarries continued to expand and during the early 1870s the production and profits hit their peaks. The leaseholds for the Upper and Middle quarries expired in 1878 and the landowner, W.E. Oakeley refused to renew them, instead consolidating the two quarries into a single operation, the Oakeley Quarry. The Welsh Slate Company had negotiated a lease extension some years before expiry, so it continued to work Lower Quarry as a separate operation. Problems caused by the complex but separate workings had arisen as early as the 1860s. The Welsh Slate Company's Lower Quarry mine extended directly beneath that of the Middle Quarry, its progress was limited by the speed with which the Middle Quarry progressed, because both were working the same vein of slate. But the Middle Quarry was mining more slowly than the Welsh Slate Company desired, so the latter had taken the dangerous decision to remove slate from the walls that supported the workings above. This literally undermined the Middle Quarry workings and during the 1870s underground rockfalls became an increasing concern. On 6 December 1882 a major rockfall forced the Welsh Slate Company to shut down all operations. The instability in the mine continued, culminating in a much larger fall on 16 February 1883. This Great Fall saw 6.25 million tons of rock fall in a single event, severely damaging the workings. As well as the physical damage to the quarries, the fall triggered a lawsuit between the Oakeley Company and the Welsh Slate Company which the Welsh Slate Company lost.", "National Infrastructure Reinvestment Bank The creation of a National Infrastructure Reinvestment Bank was first proposed by United States Senator Christopher J. Dodd and Senator Chuck Hagel in 2007. However, several other iterations of a National Infrastructure Bank have been proposed and considered and it is likely that implementing legislation for the Bank will look quite different from that which was proposed in the original legislation. Barack Obama backed the proposed legislation in February 2008 and repeated his call in September 2010, although he did not provide specifics about how the Bank should operate. In 2008, Obama suggested that the Bank would borrow US$60 billion of federal funding to invest in infrastructure over 10 years, while leveraging \"up to $500 billion\" of private investment. It would invest in high-speed trains to provide an alternative to air travel, energy efficiency, and clean energy, among other kinds of public infrastructure. According to Obama, the bank's \"work will be determined by what will maximize our safety and security and ability to compete\" and it would \"create nearly two million new jobs\", mainly in the construction industry. According to the text of the proposed legislation, funding for the bank would be taken from borrowed funds not to exceed one percent. The Bank would complement existing federal programs to fund infrastructure, such as the Highway Trust Fund or State Revolving Funds. It is expected to invest primarily in surface transport infrastructure, which is likely to include highways and mass transit. Obama did not mention investments in water supply and sanitation as an area of activity for the new Bank. The American Water Works Association (AWWA) estimates that investment in water supply and sanitation in the United States will have to be \"over $250 billion above current levels of spending in the next 20 to 30 years\" to replace aging infrastructure.", "By contrast, earlier advance of the glacier that has started in 1913 served to raise the ice level above the moraines, thus causing the rock in that avalanche to come to rest outside of the moraines. The major rockfall events on the Brenva Glacier have deposited so much rock debris that the normal balance between the upper accumulation zone and lower ablation zone has been compromised. For example, the 1920 rock avalanche added so much additional material to the already rock-covered lower zone, that ablation was significantly reduced. This effectively insulated that part of the glacier, resulting in its advance by an extra 490 metres between 1920 and 1941, and at a time when other glaciers nearby were retreating. Located on a very large rock promontory between the upper branches of the glacier, the Brenva Bivouac () is a very small mountain refuge providing bivouac shelter for up to five people. It is at an altitude of approximately 3140 metres above sea level. Open all year round, it is unwardened and is owned by the Italian Alpine Club (CAI). The upper slopes of the Brenva Glacier can be reached via a col below the Tour Ronde, accessed from the Skyway Monte Bianco, but is only suitable for advanced freeride/snowboarders and skiers. The old tongue of the glacier reaches down low into the Val Veni and is easily reached on foot from Entr\u00e8ves or Courmayeur. It takes about six hours for alpine climbers to reach the Brenva Bivouac from Courmayeur.", "Over a period of five days, they encountered repeated obstacles and they surmounted all these difficulties. Five days after they had left the ground, they stood at the summit. Warren Harding had hiked up the backside of Half Dome via the hikers' trail for the occasion. He had been planning, along with Mark Powell and Bill \"Dolt\" Feuerer, to give the route another attempt, but had been beaten to it by the successful team. Nevertheless, Harding offered the triumphant team a warm congratulations. Over the Fourth of July Weekend in 2015, a major rockfall occurred on the Regular Northwest Face, severely altering pitches 10 and 11. In September 2016, Yosemite National Park Climbing Rangers climbed the route to assess its condition. The rockfall left clean slabs that can be climbed via bolt ladders and a pendulum with a tricky knot-toss rope maneuver. The Regular Northwest Face route tends to avoid areas that are likely to pose further rockfall hazard. However, much of the rock on Half Dome is alpine in nature, and it is often quite loose. In his book, \"Shaded by Stone\", climber and author Ari Schneider recalls a giant teetering triangle-shaped rock in the center of Half Dome looming over the approach known as the \"Death Slabs\". There is speculation that much more rock will exfoliate off other routes on Half Dome in the near future."], "answer": {"text": "On December 13, 1998", "answer_start": 577}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the corporation with regards to Dwayne Johnson?", "answer": {"text": "The Rock allied with Vince and Shane McMahon as the crown jewel of their stable, The Corporation.", "answer_start": 479, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What can you tell me about the corporation", "answer": {"text": "beginning a feud with Triple H, The Undertaker and The Corporate Ministry that saw The Rock defeating Triple H", "answer_start": 477, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what did they do in the corporation", "answer": {"text": "The Rock, who then lost the title rematch at Backlash: In Your House and was thus betrayed by Shane McMahon,", "answer_start": 327, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_2f4b44dac0a644348787d20df0054a6b_0_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides the date the rock joined the corporation?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Fearing a turn in the match, Shane McMahon jumped on the apron to distract the referee, but as Vachon went to tap the fourth turbuckle, Tori attacked her and ran back into the crowd, letting Sable freely tap the fourth turnbuckle in sight of the referee to retain the Woman's Championship. The \"I Quit\" Match began with Mankind clotheslining and punching Rock into the turnbuckle before putting him on the ground and punching him, trying to make him quit early on with no success. When The Rock insulted Mankind over the microphone, Mankind struck him with the microphone and then Cactus clotheslined him out of the ring. After punching Rock against the barricade, he was thrown over the steel steps but managed to take control once again when The Rock joined the commentary team to further mock Mankind and was clotheslined over the table. After hitting him again with the microphone when he would not quit, Rock was thrown inside the ring again and was driven to the ground with a mandible claw to the point where he could not talk to quit. Mankind then took Rock out of the ring and through the crowd but when he tried to clothesline Rock, Rock slammed him back into the ringside barricade. Rock then took the bell to Mankind's head, ringing it next to his ear (and humorously singing \"bells will be ringing\" into the microphone) before trying to Rock Bottom him through the Spanish announce table, but the table gave way before the move could be performed. Mankind ran for recovery up the walkway but was chased by The Rock who lost control when his opponent began head-butting him. Rock thumbed Mankind's eye and took him through the technical area, smashing his head into the food there and then performing a DDT on him on the concrete, at which point Mankind refused to quit.", "William Frederick Rock William Frederick Rock (29 January 1801 \u2013 8 February 1890) was a British publisher and philanthropist. Rock was born in Barnstaple to Henry and Prudence Rock. William was an elder child and older brother; he had two sisters, Ann (b. 1804), Prudence (b. 1810) and two brothers, Henry (b. 1806) and Richard (b. 1808). Another brother Charles and a sister Maria died as babies. His father was a shoemaker at 46 High Street and a freeman of the borough holding a right to vote. William came into contact with William Busk, a parliamentary contestant, who visited with the family. Busk took an interest in William and was able to present him to Christ's Hospital's London Bluecoat School, where he started in 1811. On leaving school, Rock joined a bank in Bideford, but the job apparently did not suit him as he ran into trouble several times for composing verses at work. Rock resigned and went to London, where another ex-parliamentary candidate for Barnstaple, Alderman Atkins, offered him a job at his bank. Later on Rock went to work with printer and inventor Thomas de la Rue where Rock was able to make enough money to start his own printing venture aided by his brothers. The business that specialized on publishing topographical, steel-engraved prints on pictorial note paper, fancy stationery, maps and playing cards, as well as books and booklets, prospered and Rock became a wealthy man. Throughout the years Rock had several setbacks; for instance, in 1859 his factory at 11 Walbrook burned down. However, despite these he founded several publishing imprints: Rock Brothers became known for publishing the \"Queen's Album of Margate\" in Leporello album form.", "Coke La Rock Coke La Rock (aka Coco La Rock) (born April 25, 1955) is an old school New York City rapper who is maybe credited as being the first MC in the history of hip-hop. In November, 2010, Coke La Rock was inducted into the High Times Counterculture Hall of Fame at the annual ceremonies at the Cannabis Cup in Amsterdam. Although it has been written that La Rock comes from Jamaica, he was born in The Bronx, New York City on April 24, 1955. Coke La Rock was a friend and musical partner of DJ Kool Herc, who himself is generally considered to have laid down the foundation for hip-hop music starting in 1973. La Rock was thus an original member of Herc's MC crew the Herculoids. According to Herc, Coke La Rock's MC name had various iterations, beginning as \"A-1 Coke\" and then moving on to \"Nasty Coke\" before it was finalized as \"Coke La Rock\". Coke La Rock joined Kool Herc for his first party, in 1973, to celebrate Herc's sister Cindy's birthday. It wasn't until about the fifth or sixth party that he took the name Coke La Rock. The name came to him in a dream. Before that time, he had no name and did his rapping out of sight from the audience, so no one knew who was doing the rapping. His original raps were usually shout-outs to friends, but gradually the poetry emerged. He originated such phrases as \"You rock and you don't stop\" and \"Hotel, motel, you don't tell, we won't tell\" (which was immortalized on the first Sugarhill Gang single \"Rapper's Delight\", although La Rock received no credit).", "He has also worked with Aerosmith, Bon Jovi, Blue Murder, the Moffatts, Cher, the Cult, David Lee Roth, Skid Row, Veruca Salt, Nina Gordon, the Offspring, 311, Our Lady Peace, the Tragically Hip, the Tea Party, Lostprophets, American Hi-Fi, Simple Plan, Tonic, Nelly Furtado, Jann Arden, and Ron Sexsmith. Rock briefly returned to performing, forming the band Rockhead with ex-Payolas drummer Chris Taylor. The band released one self-titled album and two singles before splitting up. Rock produced the five finalist songs of CBC Sports's \"Hockey Night in Canada\" Anthem Challenge in late 2008. In 1990, Rock was chosen to produce Metallica's Diamond-certified (16x Platinum) self-titled album (commonly referred to as \"The Black Album\"). He subsequently produced \"Load\" (1996) and \"ReLoad\" (1997) as well as the new material for the band's cover album \"Garage Inc.\" (1998). After Jason Newsted left Metallica in January 2001, Rock wrote and recorded all of the bass guitar parts on the 2003 album \"St. Anger\". He played bass during the band's few live performances until Robert Trujillo joined the band in February 2003. Rock was featured prominently in the 2004 documentary film \"\". The film dealt with Metallica's internal strife and their struggles with the creative process during the recording of \"St. Anger\". In February 2006, Metallica chose producer Rick Rubin to produce their next album, ending the band's long-time relationship with Rock. At Metallica's 30th Anniversary Concert on December 10, 2011, Rock joined Metallica onstage and performed bass alongside Trujillo on the songs \"Dirty Window\" and \"Frantic\".", "but Kane soon recovered and chokeslammed Triple H, pulling Chyna over him so that she pinned him when the referee recovered. The Last Man Standing match began with Mankind turning round and holding his hands together, mocking the previous pay-per-view where The Rock handcuffed him. Rock utilized this to begin an assault on him but Mankind soon fought back, biting him in the corner. Mankind took it upon himself to move the match up the walkway, where Mankind was thrown into the stage set up. When Mankind recovered he DDTed Rock through a television table and took him into a backstage area where he was thrown through some tables. The two fought back to the ring where Mankind scoop slammed Rock and, after some cheering from the crowd, performed his own version of the Corporate Elbow but Rock sat up before the elbow drop and kicked the injured Mankind out of the ring. The Rock joined the commentary team and further insulted Mankind, allowing the champion to recuperate and dive over the table to hit The Rock. Mankind then went to the apron and delivered Cactus Elbow against the announce table. Rock was pushed into the ring while Mankind brought the steel steps in but when he threw them at Rock, he was able to escape and knock Mankind down, grabbing a chair from ringside and hitting Mankind's knee with it three times. He attempted a fourth shot but Mankind ducked and he struck the ropes, the chair catapulting back into Rock's face and while he was dazed Mankind clotheslined the pair over the top rope. Mankind tried to set up a piledriver on the announce table but was back body dropped off the end of it and as he was recovering The Rock went back into the ring and threw the steel steps on him from inside the ring. Mankind staggered to his feet and entered the ring only to suffer a Corporate Elbow."], "answer": {"text": "The Rock's entertaining promos and ensuing popularity led to a face turn, in which he called himself \"The People's Champion\".", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the corporation with regards to Dwayne Johnson?", "answer": {"text": "The Rock allied with Vince and Shane McMahon as the crown jewel of their stable, The Corporation.", "answer_start": 479, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What can you tell me about the corporation", "answer": {"text": "beginning a feud with Triple H, The Undertaker and The Corporate Ministry that saw The Rock defeating Triple H", "answer_start": 477, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what did they do in the corporation", "answer": {"text": "The Rock, who then lost the title rematch at Backlash: In Your House and was thus betrayed by Shane McMahon,", "answer_start": 327, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "When did he join the corporation", "answer": {"text": "On December 13, 1998", "answer_start": 577, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2f4b44dac0a644348787d20df0054a6b_0_q#6", "question": "Who did he fight against", "rewrite": "Who did The Rock fight against?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Fight for the Rock Fight for the Rock is the third full-length album by the American heavy metal band Savatage. It is their first album with new bass player Johnny Lee Middleton, who has since become the only member to appear on each subsequent Savatage album since. Released in 1986, it is largely regarded as the band's worst release by both fans and band members, with the band referring to it as \"Fight for the Nightmare\". Jon Oliva said in October 1994, \"I've never really been fond of that album. WE'VE never been fond of that album\". The band said that they were driven to make the record by their label, Atlantic Records; particularly Oliva began writing pop-rock songs for other artists on the label such as John Waite. However, the label eventually turned around and told the band to record the music that Oliva had written for other artists themselves. This destroyed the band's credibility in the eyes of the press and reviews were not kind to the band. It not only destroyed the band's image, but the negative critical reaction has been cited as a cause of Oliva's bout of drug and alcohol depression which eventually drove him from the fore of the band. Atlantic Records also wanted the band to have photographs taken, since none of their previous releases had included any. The band hired a friend to do the photography work, with one of the photos featuring the band re-recreating the famous photo \"Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima\". The band agreed this was a good idea at the time, but look back with the same feelings on the photos taken as they do the album. When initially released, the album featured a Parental Advisory label on the front cover, despite having no \"nasty words\", as Jon Oliva puts it, featured anywhere on the record.", "At 15, after being beaten by one of the older nuns, Erauso decided to escape. On March 18, 1600, the eve of San Jose, Erauso found the keys of the convent hanging in a corner, waited for the other nuns to be at morning prays, and escaped. Erauso spent a week fashioning boy's clothes, and headed for Vitoria, staying off the main roads. With short hair, Erauso easily passed as a boy there. From this moment on, Erauso began the life of a fugitive, later narrated in the autobiography that gave her great fame. In Vitoria, Erauso met a doctor and professor, Francisco de Cerralta, who was married to Erauso's mother's cousin but took Erauso in without recognizing her. Erauso stayed with him for three months, during which she learned some Latin, but when he became abusive, she left. Erauso took money from the doctor, met a mule driver and went to Valladolid with him. The court of King Philip III of Spain resided in Valladolid, under the influence of the Duke of Lerma. Disguised as a man by the name of Francisco de Loyola, Erauso served in the court for seven months as a page of the king's secretary, Juan de Idi\u00e1quez, until one day Erauso's father came looking for Idi\u00e1quez. Her father conversed with Idi\u00e1quez, , all without recognizing that he had just spoken to that child. Afterwards, Erauso decided to head to Bilbao. When she arrived, she was not as lucky as before, she did not find a place to sleep nor a patron. In addition, a group of boys made fun of and attacked her, and when she got into a rock fight and injured one of them, she was arrested and spent a month in jail.", "Several months later, in June, Bill and asthmatic Eddie Kaspbrak (Adam Faraizi) befriend the chubby new kid Ben Hanscom (Brandon Crane). They are later joined by Beverly Marsh (Emily Perkins), who lives with her abusive father (Frank C. Turner), and she and Ben are introduced to Bill and Eddie's other friends: the comical Richie Tozier (Seth Green) and Jewish boy scout Stan Uris (Ben Heller). As they begin to know each other, Ben develops feelings for Beverly, but discovers she has feelings for Bill. Besides being bullied by Henry Bowers (Jarred Blancard) and his gang, the children all have encounters with Pennywise. In July, the group is joined by Mike Hanlon (Marlon Taylor), an African American kid being pursued by Bowers' gang. The children, dubbing themselves as the Losers Club, chase them off with a rock fight. While looking through Mike's history scrapbook, the Losers realize that Pennywise, whom they refer to as \"It\", is a demon who awakens every thirty years to murder and devour children. Bill realizes It murdered Georgie, leading the Losers into Derry's sewers to kill the creature. Stan becomes separated from the group and is ambushed by Bowers and his friends Victor Criss (Gabe Khouth) and Belch Huggins (Chris Eastman), but the latter two are killed by It. Henry is left traumatized, his hair turned white. Stanley regroups with the Losers, but is grabbed by It. The Losers take advantage of It's ability to access their imaginations and use it against him. Eddie imagines his inhaler is full of battery acid, melting half of the creature's face. Beverly fires silver earrings at It, the Losers believing it can kill the demon.", "Lewis Strauss Lewis Lichtenstein Strauss ( \"straws\"; January 31, 1896 \u2013 January 21, 1974) was an American businessman, philanthropist, public official, and naval officer. He was a major figure in the development of nuclear weapons and nuclear power in the United States. Strauss was the driving force in the controversial hearings, held in April 1954 before a U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Personnel Security Board, in which J. Robert Oppenheimer's security clearance was revoked. President Dwight D. Eisenhower's nomination of Strauss to become U.S. Secretary of Commerce in 1959 was not confirmed by the Senate. Strauss was born in Charleston, West Virginia, the son of Rosa (Lichtenstein) and Lewis Strauss, a successful shoe wholesaler. At the age of 10, he permanently lost the vision in his right eye in a rock fight, which later disqualified him from normal military service. His family moved to Richmond, Virginia. He was valedictorian of his high school class, but typhoid fever in his senior year made him unable to graduate with his class. Strauss had planned to study physics at the University of Virginia. When he finally graduated from high school, his family's business had had a downturn, and they could not afford to send him. For the next three years, Strauss worked as a traveling shoe salesman for his father's company. He was the company's top salesman and saved enough money for college tuition. However, Strauss's mother encouraged him to perform public or humanitarian service. It was 1917; World War I was raging in Europe, and Herbert Hoover was head of the United States Food Administration (USFA). Strauss volunteered to serve without pay as Hoover's assistant. Strauss worked well and soon was promoted to Hoover's private secretary, which he made powerful contacts that would serve him later on.", "Pointing out that protracted confinement, uncertainty over the future, and Communist agitation against the UN information and education program had combined to produce increasing tension among the prisoners, the chief of staff of the 2d Logistical Command also reminded Van Fleet that the caliber of the guard troops left much to be desired. The September disturbances led to a visit by Van Fleet and a reinforcing and reorganization of the prison security forces. From the opening of the camp in January down to mid-September when Col. Maurice J. Fitzgerald assumed command, there had been eight different commanders or about one a month. As Fitzgerald later commented, \"Koje-do was a graveyard of commanders. \" Van Fleet's recognition of the difficulties of the problems led to the activation of the 8137th Military Police Group in October. Besides three assigned battalions, four additional escort guard companies were attached to the group. In November one battalion of the US 23rd Infantry Regiment was made available for duty on Koje-do and by December over 9,000 US and ROK personnel were stationed on the island. This was still some 6,000 fewer than the number requested. During December the rival factions, Communist and anti-Communist, vied for control of the compounds with both sides meting out beatings and other punishment freely. A large-scale rock fight between compounds on 18 December was followed by riots and demonstrations. 14 deaths and 24 other casualties resulted from this flare-up. The acceleration of violence could be attributed in large part to the inauguration of the screening process in the POW camps. General Yount, commanding the 2nd Logistical Command, later told the Far East commander: \"Until the inception of the screening program, American personnel had full access to compounds and were able to administer them in a satisfactory manner although never to the degree desired.\" In November and December over 37,000 prisoners had been screened and reclassified as civilian internees."], "answer": {"text": "The Rock defeated McMahon's associate, Mankind, in the finals of the \"Deadly Game\" tournament for the vacant WWF Championship", "answer_start": 302}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the corporation with regards to Dwayne Johnson?", "answer": {"text": "The Rock allied with Vince and Shane McMahon as the crown jewel of their stable, The Corporation.", "answer_start": 479, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What can you tell me about the corporation", "answer": {"text": "beginning a feud with Triple H, The Undertaker and The Corporate Ministry that saw The Rock defeating Triple H", "answer_start": 477, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what did they do in the corporation", "answer": {"text": "The Rock, who then lost the title rematch at Backlash: In Your House and was thus betrayed by Shane McMahon,", "answer_start": 327, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "When did he join the corporation", "answer": {"text": "On December 13, 1998", "answer_start": 577, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The Rock's entertaining promos and ensuing popularity led to a face turn, in which he called himself \"The People's Champion\".", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any other names during that time", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2f4b44dac0a644348787d20df0054a6b_0_q#7", "question": "who else did he defeat", "rewrite": "who else did The Rock defeat aside from Mankind?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Four days later on \"Raw is War\", before their title defense against The Holly Cousins, Mick Foley gave the Rock an autographed copy of his book, \"\", but later found it in the trash. Mick confronted The Rock and cursed him out for throwing away his life's work. Later that night, during their match, a crushed Mankind refused to participate as he sat despondently on the steel steps, facing away from the ring, as Hardcore and Crash Holly (with outside interference once again by Triple H) beat The Rock for the tag team titles. The Rock and Mankind began another feud with each other, until Foley discovered that it was his close friend, Al Snow, who threw the book in the trash, since the book contained many Al Snow jokes. In real life, Foley and Snow are very good friends, and continually make good-natured fun of each other and their careers. The Rock 'n' Sock Connection later reunited in November 1999, when Mankind helped The Rock defeat Prince Albert and Big Bossman. On the Thanksgiving episode of \"SmackDown!\", The Rock 'n' Sock Connection defeated the Hollys to become number one contenders to the WWF Tag Team Championship. They faced the New Age Outlaws for the titles in December at Armageddon but were unsuccessful in winning the titles after Al Snow interfered. After the match, The Rock got revenge by giving Snow a Rock Bottom and People's elbow. The Rock 'n' Sock would later reunite in late 1999 to take on The McMahon-Helmsley Faction. Upon opposition, Triple H, then the WWF Champion, would place those two in a Pink-Slip-On-A-Pole match, where the loser will be fired from the WWF (kayfabe). Mankind lost the match, thus resulting in termination.", "but Kane soon recovered and chokeslammed Triple H, pulling Chyna over him so that she pinned him when the referee recovered. The Last Man Standing match began with Mankind turning round and holding his hands together, mocking the previous pay-per-view where The Rock handcuffed him. Rock utilized this to begin an assault on him but Mankind soon fought back, biting him in the corner. Mankind took it upon himself to move the match up the walkway, where Mankind was thrown into the stage set up. When Mankind recovered he DDTed Rock through a television table and took him into a backstage area where he was thrown through some tables. The two fought back to the ring where Mankind scoop slammed Rock and, after some cheering from the crowd, performed his own version of the Corporate Elbow but Rock sat up before the elbow drop and kicked the injured Mankind out of the ring. The Rock joined the commentary team and further insulted Mankind, allowing the champion to recuperate and dive over the table to hit The Rock. Mankind then went to the apron and delivered Cactus Elbow against the announce table. Rock was pushed into the ring while Mankind brought the steel steps in but when he threw them at Rock, he was able to escape and knock Mankind down, grabbing a chair from ringside and hitting Mankind's knee with it three times. He attempted a fourth shot but Mankind ducked and he struck the ropes, the chair catapulting back into Rock's face and while he was dazed Mankind clotheslined the pair over the top rope. Mankind tried to set up a piledriver on the announce table but was back body dropped off the end of it and as he was recovering The Rock went back into the ring and threw the steel steps on him from inside the ring. Mankind staggered to his feet and entered the ring only to suffer a Corporate Elbow.", "Rev. Fr. Frank built a Church facing the north. This Church was blessed and inaugurated on 22.1.1901 by the Vicar General, Very Rev. Mgr. Frachett. Rev. Fr. Frank Pereira's successors too kept up the devotions and throughout the year people from near and far-off places were going to Attur on pilgrimage. St. Lawrence of Attur is known for his astonishing power of intercession with God. Over the past years the patronage of St. Lawrence over Attur has been remarkable. Not only the residents of Karkala and the pilgrims flocking there in great numbers, but also devotees who invoke St. Lawrence of Attur without visiting the shrine have experienced his powerful intercession. The number of pilgrims to the place throughout the year and specially those during the feast days in the month of January is an evident proof that St. Lawrence does not disappoint those who come to him in faith and devotion. Christians over here suffered captivity under Tippu Sultan during the period 1784-1799. The parish church in those days was situated at a place about 7 kilometres away from the present church. Tippu demolished that church and after freedom from captivity built a Church with thatched roof somewhere on the way to Nakre in the year 1801 under the leadership of a Goan priest. When the church was too old to be used, devotees of St Lawrence accompanied by a Goan priest went about in search of a suitable site carrying with them a one-foot wooden statue of St Lawrence. They were praying St Lawrence to guide them in the choice of a place for raising a church in his honour. They crossed the Rama-Samudra of Karkala and coming down the woods of 'Parpare hills' they reached Attur. Then they saw a spring flowing at the bottom of the hill.", "When they refused to, Mankind ripped up his contract allowing Rock to skip the match and started brutally attacking Rock, smacking his head around the ring before taking him inside the ring and running him into the turnbuckles. McMahon then told referee Mike Chioda to disqualify Mankind for any kind of offense, no matter how small. While Mankind was distracted with Mr. McMahon talking, Rock recovered and clotheslined Mankind, taking him to the outside and using the steel steps against him before suplexing him. When they returned to the ring Mankind almost recovered, but as he went to perform an elbow drop from the turnbuckle, Shane McMahon held down his foot stopping him from jumping and letting Rock drag him to the ground, leaving him so injured that Rock had enough time to join the commentary team as he recovered. After being spat at in the face, Mankind jumped over the announce table into The Rock and then went to use a steel chair only to be stopped by Chioda. Rock, though, had no such restraints and launched Mankind into the chair with a DDT. When they returned to the ring Rock scooped Mankind into position for the Corporate Elbow but could not successfully secure the pin afterward. When they resumed fighting Mankind managed to fight back eventually headbutting Rock's crotch. Vince then reminded the referee he was to disqualify Mankind for any offense but before he could call for the bell, Mankind grabbed him and knocked him out with a piledriver. Vince then called for the bell himself but Mankind attacked the time keeper too. Rock chased Mankind round the ring and back inside, launching a chair shot and then the eponymous Rock Bottom on him but with no referee to make the call. Shane McMahon came into the ring with the Championship belt to strike Mankind, but he ducked and The Rock was struck, allowing Mankind to cover the champion.", "No Way Out (2001) No Way Out (2001) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), which took place on February 25, 2001 at the Thomas & Mack Center in Paradise, Nevada. It was the third event in the No Way Out chronology. Seven professional wrestling matches were scheduled on the event's card, which featured a supercard, a scheduling of more than one main event. The first saw The Rock defeat Kurt Angle in a standard wrestling match to win the WWF Championship, despite interference by The Big Show. The other main event was a Two-out-of-three-falls match, in which Triple H defeated Steve Austin two falls to one. The featured bout on the undercard was a Fatal Four Way match between defending WWF Intercontinental Champion Chris Jericho, Chris Benoit, Eddie Guerrero, and X-Pac, which Jericho won. The main feud heading into the show was between The Rock and Kurt Angle for the WWF Championship. At SummerSlam, The Rock defeated Kurt Angle and Triple H in a Triple threat match to retain the WWF Championship. In a rematch at No Mercy, Angle defeated The Rock to win the title after interference from Rikishi failed. At Armageddon, Angle pinned The Rock to retain the WWF title in a Hell in a Cell, also involving Steve Austin, Triple H, Rikishi and The Undertaker. On the January 1 episode of \"Raw Is War\", The Rock lost a #1 contenders match to Kane by countout after Angle interfered. A few days later on \"SmackDown!\" , Rock lost a non-title match to Angle by disqualification after attacking Angle with a steel chair. On the February 8 episode of \"SmackDown!\", The Rock defeated The Big Show to become the #1 contender to the WWF Championship at No Way Out."], "answer": {"text": "The Rock defeating Triple H at Over the Edge, but then losing to WWF Champion The Undertaker at King of the Ring.", "answer_start": 560}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the corporation with regards to Dwayne Johnson?", "answer": {"text": "The Rock allied with Vince and Shane McMahon as the crown jewel of their stable, The Corporation.", "answer_start": 479, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What can you tell me about the corporation", "answer": {"text": "beginning a feud with Triple H, The Undertaker and The Corporate Ministry that saw The Rock defeating Triple H", "answer_start": 477, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what did they do in the corporation", "answer": {"text": "The Rock, who then lost the title rematch at Backlash: In Your House and was thus betrayed by Shane McMahon,", "answer_start": 327, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "When did he join the corporation", "answer": {"text": "On December 13, 1998", "answer_start": 577, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The Rock's entertaining promos and ensuing popularity led to a face turn, in which he called himself \"The People's Champion\".", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any other names during that time", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he fight against", "answer": {"text": "The Rock defeated McMahon's associate, Mankind, in the finals of the \"Deadly Game\" tournament for the vacant WWF Championship", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ab92a75f5f3a4a148de4dbd875bae151_1_q#0", "question": "What did Talcott Parson studied in Amherst College?", "rewrite": "What did Talcott Parson studied in Amherst College?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Little Red Schoolhouse ( Amherst, Massachusetts) The Little Red Schoolhouse, also known as Amherst Day School, is a historic schoolhouse on the campus of Amherst College in Amherst, Massachusetts. Designed by the noted academic architect James Kellum Smith of the firm McKim, Mead and White, the building was completed in 1937. The Georgian Revival-style schoolhouse is of brick, steel and concrete construction, and was built from the ground up to serve preschool children. Features include built-in wood cubbies in the hallway for storing coats and belongings, toddler-sized bench seats around the periphery of the main meeting room, and windows placed at a low height so that children can look out. Referring to the schoolhouse in a 1951 publication, former Amherst College President Stanley King wrote, \"No building on the Amherst campus is better built.\" Little Red Schoolhouse developed into a children's education resource serving both college faculty and parents from the greater Amherst community. In 2011, Amherst College announced plans to close Little Red Schoolhouse in order to make way for a major campus construction project. The preschool program was terminated in May 2013. In July 1936, Dr. Stanley King, President of Amherst College, was presented a petition advocating for a permanent campus building to serve as a preschool. Originally proposed as a resource for college faculty families, the Little Red School House was eventually built to serve children of both the Amherst College faculty and the community at large. It is believed to be the oldest preschool in Amherst. The Little Red School House building was designed by the esteemed American architectural firm McKim, Mead and White. James Kellum Smith, last partner to McKim, Mead and White and Amherst College graduate, class of 1915, designed the schoolhouse. Smith also designed the National Museum of American History in Washington, DC, the Mead Art Building, and the Amherst College War Memorial overlooking Memorial Field.", "Other buildings designed by McKim, Mead and White include Penn Station, the Boston Public Library and the Rhode Island Statehouse. The building was underwritten by James Turner, Amherst College class of 1880, who instructed that the schoolhouse be built of \"the best materials on the market regardless of any budget.\" Architect Smith prepared plans based on a conceptual sketch drawn by Amherst President Stanley King's wife, Gertrude King. The building was completed in 1937 at a cost of $36,000. James Turner died in 1940, at which time his brother William and sister Isabel gave $10,000 each as an endowment for work carried on at the Little Red Schoolhouse. Over the course of seventy-five years the school is estimated to have educated more than 1700 preschoolers. In addition to serving children, the Little Red Schoolhouse has also functioned as an intern program for Amherst College with nine to ten Amherst College student volunteers working in the school each semester. In 2011, Amherst College announced plans to close Little Red Schoolhouse in order to make way for construction of a new science center. The preschool administration was instructed to terminate its program by June 2012, but in response to vigorous public appeal, Amherst College granted the school a one-year reprieve. In April 2015 Amherst College applied to the Town of Amherst for a permit to demolish the Little Red Schoolhouse. Citing its status as possibly the first building to be designed exclusively for use by preschool classes, the Amherst Historical Commission on May 19, 2015 unanimously imposed a one-year delay on Amherst College\u2019s request to demolish the Little Red Schoolhouse. A citizen's group, the Little Red Schoolhouse Preservation Committee, embarked on an unsuccessful effort to save the building by procuring a new location and raising funds to have the Little Red Schoolhouse moved. The building was razed over the course of 3 days, beginning May 25, 2016.", "Angie Epifano Angie Epifano, a former student at Amherst College, gained widespread media attention and millions of page views after she wrote an essay on her personal experience of sexual assault that was published in the Amherst student newspaper, \"The Amherst Student\". After the publication of her essay, Amherst College began investigating its sexual assault procedures, and women from other college campuses in the United States came forward to file federal complaints under Title IX and to form groups to reduce sexual assault on college campuses. In 2011, Epifano was a freshman at Amherst College majoring in African Art history. During her freshman year, she told \"NPR\" that she was invited to watch a movie by an acquaintance and fell asleep during the movie (she reported she had not been drinking). When she awoke, she reported that the acquaintance was sexually assaulting her; the next morning she left and tried not to think about the assault. Her alleged assailant was never legally prosecuted or sanctioned by Amherst college. Nine months later she went to one of Amherst College's sexual assault guidance counselors. After some time and after seeing a second guidance counselor, she admitted to thinking about suicide and was forcibly admitted by Amherst College into a psychiatric ward for five days. She returned to school just before the end of the spring semester after she placed a restraining order on the person she alleged committed the assault. She subsequently dropped out of Amherst College and started working on a dude ranch in Wyoming during the fall of 2012. It was during this time that she became frustrated that she had left Amherst College without attempting to improve the support system for victims of sexual assault. She decided to do something about it by writing an essay on her experiences of the assault, with other students, and with sexual assault support system at Amherst College.", "Seelye was also a trustee of Mount Holyoke College from 1872 to 1895. Seelye was a member of the 44th Congress, from 1875\u20131877. By far the larger number of his speeches were upon various questions connected with the treatment of the Indian tribes, according to the principles of Christian philanthropy. He chose not to run for reelection to Congress because he had been named President of Amherst College in 1876. He retired from the presidency in 1890, due to failing health, and died in 1895. On October 26, 1854, Seelye married Elizabeth Tillman James of Albany, New York, who was born in 1833 and died in 1881. They had four children: William James Seelye, born in 1857, graduated from Amherst College in 1879, married Mary A. Clarke of Iowa City in 1886, and died in 1931; Elizabeth James Seelye, who was born in 1862, married James Wilson Bixler, an Amherst graduate, in 1891, and who died in 1894; Anna Hawley Seelye, who was born in 1866, married Benjamin Kendall Emerson, an Amherst College professor, in 1901; and Mabel Seelye, who was born in 1870, married James Bixler in 1898; and died in 1919. Seelye is the brother of Laurenus Clark Seelye, first president of Smith College. He is the grandfather of J. Seelye Bixler, 16th president of Colby College, and of Elizabeth Seelye Bixler, third dean of the Yale School of Nursing. He is the great-grandfather of Former United States Ambassador Talcott Seelye and is the great-great-grandfather of National Public Radio reporter Kate Seelye Seelye died on May 12, 1895 at his home in Amherst, Massachusetts.", "Julius Hawley Seelye Julius Hawley Seelye (September 14, 1824 \u2013 May 12, 1895) was a missionary, author, United States Representative, and former president of Amherst College. The system of Latin Honors in use at many universities worldwide is said to have been created by him. Seelye was born September 14, 1824, in Bethel, Connecticut, to Seth and Abigail (Taylor) Seelye. He prepared himself for college, then attended Amherst College from 1846 to 1849, when he graduated. While he was at Amherst he joined the Psi Upsilon fraternity. After graduating, he continued his studies at Auburn Theological Seminary from 1849\u20131852, and at Halle, Prussia from 1852\u20131853. He married Marilyn Dockfill, who eventually died of tuberculosis. Seelye was ordained in Schenectady, New York, on August 10, 1853. From 1853\u20131858 he was the pastor of the First Dutch Reformed Church in Schenectady. In 1858 he returned to Amherst College, serving as Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy until 1890. During that time, he was the President of the Amherst College Corporation, and a Trustee of Amherst College, from 1876\u20131890, and the fifth President of the College from 1877\u20131890, where he began the nation's first student self-government. One of his students was Joseph Hardy Neesima, who graduated from Amherst in 1870 and later founded Doshisha University in Kyoto. In the year 1872\u20131873 Seelye made a tour around the world. While on this journey he stopped in Bombay, India, and delivered a course of lectures entitled \"The Way, The Truth, and the Life\", to educated Hindus. He was invited to stay and work with the Christian Mission society in India, but decided to return to Amherst. He was pastor of the Amherst College Church from 1877\u20131892."], "answer": {"text": "As an undergraduate, Parsons studied biology, sociology and philosophy at Amherst College", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_ab92a75f5f3a4a148de4dbd875bae151_1_q#1", "question": "Did his family attended the same school?", "rewrite": "Did Talcott Parson's family attended Amherst College?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Angie Epifano Angie Epifano, a former student at Amherst College, gained widespread media attention and millions of page views after she wrote an essay on her personal experience of sexual assault that was published in the Amherst student newspaper, \"The Amherst Student\". After the publication of her essay, Amherst College began investigating its sexual assault procedures, and women from other college campuses in the United States came forward to file federal complaints under Title IX and to form groups to reduce sexual assault on college campuses. In 2011, Epifano was a freshman at Amherst College majoring in African Art history. During her freshman year, she told \"NPR\" that she was invited to watch a movie by an acquaintance and fell asleep during the movie (she reported she had not been drinking). When she awoke, she reported that the acquaintance was sexually assaulting her; the next morning she left and tried not to think about the assault. Her alleged assailant was never legally prosecuted or sanctioned by Amherst college. Nine months later she went to one of Amherst College's sexual assault guidance counselors. After some time and after seeing a second guidance counselor, she admitted to thinking about suicide and was forcibly admitted by Amherst College into a psychiatric ward for five days. She returned to school just before the end of the spring semester after she placed a restraining order on the person she alleged committed the assault. She subsequently dropped out of Amherst College and started working on a dude ranch in Wyoming during the fall of 2012. It was during this time that she became frustrated that she had left Amherst College without attempting to improve the support system for victims of sexual assault. She decided to do something about it by writing an essay on her experiences of the assault, with other students, and with sexual assault support system at Amherst College.", "William F. Slocum William Frederick Slocum, Jr. (born Grafton, Massachusetts, 29 July 1851; died 1934) was a United States educator. In 1917 he was forced to retire as President of Colorado College after an investigation confirmed the accusations of multiple women that he had sexually harassed and sexually assaulted them. He was the son of William F. Slocum, a Boston lawyer, and Margaret Tinker. He graduated from Amherst College in 1874. In 1874 and 1875, he was a newspaper correspondent in England and Germany. By 1876, he was at Andover Theological Seminary, where he graduated in 1878. He held Congregational pastorates at Amesbury, Massachusetts (1878\u201383), where in 1880 he married Mary Goodall Montgomery, and in Baltimore, Maryland (1883\u201388). He then became president of Colorado College. In 1917 he was forced to retire after an investigation confirmed the accusations of multiple women that he had sexually harassed and sexually assaulted them. \" Hundreds of women\" including students, staff, faculty and faculty wives accused him orally, but only nine were willing to make written accusations. Edward Parsons, the dean who had brought forward the accusations, was also forced to resign, and 22 other faculty members also resigned in protest over the outcome. After the intervention of the American Association of University Professors, Parsons and the other faculty (but not Slocum) were invited back, but none accepted the invitation. After these events, Slocum moved to Newton Center, Massachusetts. He lectured and wrote on educational and sociological subjects. William Frederick Slocum grew up in Grafton, Massachusetts, where his family went to the Congregational Church. He attended Amherst College in Amherst, Massachusetts. His years at Amherst were important, because he spent much of his professional life striving to make Colorado College a liberal arts college in the mode of Amherst College.", "Julius Hawley Seelye Julius Hawley Seelye (September 14, 1824 \u2013 May 12, 1895) was a missionary, author, United States Representative, and former president of Amherst College. The system of Latin Honors in use at many universities worldwide is said to have been created by him. Seelye was born September 14, 1824, in Bethel, Connecticut, to Seth and Abigail (Taylor) Seelye. He prepared himself for college, then attended Amherst College from 1846 to 1849, when he graduated. While he was at Amherst he joined the Psi Upsilon fraternity. After graduating, he continued his studies at Auburn Theological Seminary from 1849\u20131852, and at Halle, Prussia from 1852\u20131853. He married Marilyn Dockfill, who eventually died of tuberculosis. Seelye was ordained in Schenectady, New York, on August 10, 1853. From 1853\u20131858 he was the pastor of the First Dutch Reformed Church in Schenectady. In 1858 he returned to Amherst College, serving as Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy until 1890. During that time, he was the President of the Amherst College Corporation, and a Trustee of Amherst College, from 1876\u20131890, and the fifth President of the College from 1877\u20131890, where he began the nation's first student self-government. One of his students was Joseph Hardy Neesima, who graduated from Amherst in 1870 and later founded Doshisha University in Kyoto. In the year 1872\u20131873 Seelye made a tour around the world. While on this journey he stopped in Bombay, India, and delivered a course of lectures entitled \"The Way, The Truth, and the Life\", to educated Hindus. He was invited to stay and work with the Christian Mission society in India, but decided to return to Amherst. He was pastor of the Amherst College Church from 1877\u20131892.", "Baron was the third of ten children born to Hillel Judah, a German-Jewish immigrant, and Charleston native Abigail Seixas, his Sephardic Jewish wife. Purvis told the reporter that his grandparents Badaraka and Judah had married. This claim has been questioned by 21st century biographers, given the social prominence of the Judah family in Charleston. Judah's parents owned slaves. Badaraka and Judah had a relationship for several years, and had two children together, Harriet and her brother. In 1790, Judah broke off his relationship with Badaraka when he moved with his parents from Charleston to Savannah, Georgia. In 1791 he moved to Richmond, Virginia. There he married a Jewish woman and had four children with her. William Purvis was from Northumberland. His father died while he was a child, and his mother moved to Edinburgh for her sons' education. He immigrated to the United States as a young man with some of his brothers to make their fortunes. William became a wealthy cotton salesman in Charleston and was a naturalized United States citizen. William Purvis and Harriet Judah lived together as husband and wife, but racial law prevented their marriage. The couple had three sons: William born in 1806, Robert born in 1810, and Joseph born in 1812. In 1819 the family moved north to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where the boys attended the Pennsylvania Abolitionist Society's Clarkson School. William intended to consolidate his business affairs and return with his family to Britain, where he thought his sons would have better opportunities. He died in 1826 before they could move. William Purvis had intended his sons to be educated as gentlemen, and Robert and Joseph Purvis likely attended Amherst Academy, a secondary school in Amherst, Massachusetts. There is no evidence that either Robert or Joseph Purvis attended Amherst College, a common misconception. (Amherst College catalogs from the 1820s do not list them as enrolled.)", "Little Red Schoolhouse ( Amherst, Massachusetts) The Little Red Schoolhouse, also known as Amherst Day School, is a historic schoolhouse on the campus of Amherst College in Amherst, Massachusetts. Designed by the noted academic architect James Kellum Smith of the firm McKim, Mead and White, the building was completed in 1937. The Georgian Revival-style schoolhouse is of brick, steel and concrete construction, and was built from the ground up to serve preschool children. Features include built-in wood cubbies in the hallway for storing coats and belongings, toddler-sized bench seats around the periphery of the main meeting room, and windows placed at a low height so that children can look out. Referring to the schoolhouse in a 1951 publication, former Amherst College President Stanley King wrote, \"No building on the Amherst campus is better built.\" Little Red Schoolhouse developed into a children's education resource serving both college faculty and parents from the greater Amherst community. In 2011, Amherst College announced plans to close Little Red Schoolhouse in order to make way for a major campus construction project. The preschool program was terminated in May 2013. In July 1936, Dr. Stanley King, President of Amherst College, was presented a petition advocating for a permanent campus building to serve as a preschool. Originally proposed as a resource for college faculty families, the Little Red School House was eventually built to serve children of both the Amherst College faculty and the community at large. It is believed to be the oldest preschool in Amherst. The Little Red School House building was designed by the esteemed American architectural firm McKim, Mead and White. James Kellum Smith, last partner to McKim, Mead and White and Amherst College graduate, class of 1915, designed the schoolhouse. Smith also designed the National Museum of American History in Washington, DC, the Mead Art Building, and the Amherst College War Memorial overlooking Memorial Field."], "answer": {"text": "his father and his uncle Frank had attended it, as had his elder brother, Charles Edward.", "answer_start": 190}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Talcott Parson studied in Amherst College?", "answer": {"text": "As an undergraduate, Parsons studied biology, sociology and philosophy at Amherst College", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ab92a75f5f3a4a148de4dbd875bae151_1_q#2", "question": "Who is one of his professor at Amherst", "rewrite": "Who is one of Talcott Parsons' professor at Amherst", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The midrange approach was developed by Robert Merton as a departure from the general social theorizing of Talcott Parsons. Merton agreed with Parsons that a narrow empiricism consisting entirely of simple statistical or observational regularities cannot arrive at successful theory. However, he found that Parsons' \"formulations were remote from providing a problematics and a direction for theory-oriented empirical inquiry into the observable worlds of culture and society\". He was thus directly opposed to the abstract theorizing of scholars who are engaged in the attempt to construct a total theoretical system covering all aspects of social life. With the introduction of the middle-range theory programme, he advocated that sociologists should concentrate on measurable aspects of social reality that can be studied as separate social phenomena, rather than attempting to explain the entire social world. He saw both the middle-range theory approach and middle-range theories themselves as temporary: when they matured, as natural sciences already had, the body of middle-range theories would become a system of universal laws; but, until that time, social sciences should avoid trying to create a universal theory. Merton's original foil in the construction was Talcott Parsons, whose action theory C. Wright Mills later classified as a \"grand theory\". (Parsons vehemently rejected this categorization.) Middle-range theories are normally constructed by applying theory-building techniques to empirical research, which produce generic propositions about the social world, which in turn can also be empirically tested. Examples of middle-range theories are theories of reference groups, social mobility, normalization processes, role conflict and the formation of social norms. The middle-range approach has played a role in turning sociology into an increasingly empirically oriented discipline. This was also important in post-war thought.", "Robert N. Bellah Robert Neelly Bellah (1927\u20132013) was an American sociologist and the Elliott Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was internationally known for his work related to the sociology of religion. Bellah graduated \"summa cum laude\" from Harvard College in 1950, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in social relations with a concentration in social anthropology. His undergraduate honors thesis won the Phi Beta Kappa Prize and was later published in 1952 with the title \"Apache Kinship Systems\". Bellah graduated from Harvard in a joint sociology and Far East languages program, with Talcott Parsons and John Pelzel as his advisors, respectively. Bellah first encountered the work of Talcott Parsons as an undergraduate when his senior honors thesis advisor was David Aberle, a former student of Parsons. Parsons was specially interested in Bellah's concept of religious evolution and the concept of \"civil religion\". They remained intellectual friends until Parsons' death in 1979. He received his Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1955. His doctoral dissertation was titled \"Religion and Society in Tokugawa Japan\" and was an extension of Max Weber's Protestant ethic thesis to Japan. It was published as \"Tokugawa Religion\" in 1957. While an undergraduate at Harvard, Bellah was a member of the Communist Party USA from 1947 to 1949 and a chairman of the John Reed Club, \"a recognized student organization concerned with the study of Marxism\". During the summer of 1954, Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard McGeorge Bundy, who later served as a national security adviser to John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, threatened to withdraw Bellah's graduate student fellowship if he did not provide the names of his former club associates. Bellah was also interrogated by the Boston office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation with the same purpose.", "Jeffrey C. Alexander Jeffrey Charles Alexander (born 1947) is an American sociologist, and one of the world's leading social theorists. He is the founding figure in the contemporary school of cultural sociology referred to as the \"strong program\". He was born May 30, 1947, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Alexander gained his Bachelor of Arts degree from Harvard University in 1969 and his Doctor of Philosophy degree from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1978. He was originally interested in Marxist sociology and worked with Fred Block. Later he worked with Neil Smelser, Robert N. Bellah, and Leo Lowenthal. Each of whom were on his dissertation committee, with the chair being Bellah, a former student of Talcott Parsons. Alexander's dissertation, \"Theoretical Logic in Sociology\", was published as a four-volume set. Volume 1 was subtitled \"Positivism, Presuppositions, and Current Controversies\", Volume 2 was \"The Antimonies of Classical Thought: Marx and Durkheim\", Volume 3 was \"The Classical Attempt at Theoretical Synthesis: Max Weber\", and Volume 4 was subtitled \"The Modern Reconstruction of Classical Thought: Talcott Parsons\". At the time, many theorists were attempting to revive Parsons after a decade of criticisms, and Alexander's \"Theoretical Logic in Sociology\" was part of this revival. He worked at the University of California, Los Angeles, from 1974 until joining Yale University in 2001, where (as of 2008) he is the Lillian Chavenson Saden Professor of Sociology and co-Director of the Center for Cultural Sociology. Alexander has authored or co-authored ten books. He was one of the editors of the journal \"Sociological Theory\", and he is currently co-editor of the \"American Journal of Cultural Sociology\".", "Differentiation (sociology) \"Differentiation\" is a term in system theory. From the viewpoint of this theory, the principal feature of modern society is the increased process of system differentiation as a way of dealing with the complexity of its environment. This is accomplished through the creation of subsystems in an effort to copy within a system the difference between it and the environment. The differentiation process is a means of increasing the complexity of a system, since each subsystem can make different connections with other subsystems. It allows for more variation within the system in order to respond to variation in the environment. Increased variation facilitated by differentiation not only allows for better responses to the environment, but also allows for faster evolution (or perhaps sociocultural evolution), which is defined sociologically as a process of selection from variation; the more differentiation (and thus variation) that is available, the better the selection. Talcott Parsons was the first major theorist to develop a theory of society consisting of functionally defined sub-system, which emerges from an evolutionary point of view through a cybernetic process of differentiation. Niklas Luhmann, who studied under Talcott Parsons, took the latter's model and changed it in significant ways. Parsons regarded society as the combined activities of its subsystems within the logic of a cybernetic hierarchy. For Parsons, although each subsystem (e.g. his classical quadripartite AGIL scheme or AGIL paradigm) would tend to have self-referential tendencies and follow a related path of structural differentiation, it would occur in a constant interpenetrative communication with the other subsystems and the historical equilibrium between the interpenetrative balance between various subsystem would termine the relative degree in which the structural differentiation between subsystem would occur or not.", "Alchip Alchip is a fabless semiconductor company founded in 2003 and headquartered in Taipei, Taiwan. Alchip specializes in the design and manufacture of digital CMOS ASICs. Alchip's headquarters is in Taipei, Taiwan. Alchip also has locations in Santa Clara, California, Shin-Yokohama, Japan, Shanghai/ Wuxi/Hefei, China, Hsinchu, Taiwan, and Seoul, Korea. In April 2002 Cadence acquired Simplex Solutions, an ASIC design services company. Alchip was founded six months later by Kinying Kwan and other former Simplex employees as a fabless ASIC supplier. Simplex Solutions had gained notoriety for designing the graphics ASIC for Sony's PS2 game console. Sony became an important customer of Alchip as well. In 2006 80% of Alchip's revenues were from Japan, and most of that was from Sony. In September 2008 Alchip's relationship with Sony took another step forward when it was announced that it would partner with Sony's microelectronics to provide packaging solutions for Alchip's customer's ASICs. Over the past decade, Alchip has received investments from several tech heavyweights, including Global Future Group, Investar, AcerVC, Cisco Systems, C2Capital, and notably Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), the biggest contract chipmaker in the world, owns a 20% stake in the firm. On December 23, 2010, Alchip went public and was listed on the Taiwan Emergent Market under the stock ticker number 3661. On October 28, 2014, Alchip debuted on the Taiwan Stock Exchange's main market. This move opened Alchip to institutional and private investors and boosted its profile within the industry."], "answer": {"text": "Parsons' biology professors at Amherst were Otto C. Glaser and Henry Plough.", "answer_start": 506}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Talcott Parson studied in Amherst College?", "answer": {"text": "As an undergraduate, Parsons studied biology, sociology and philosophy at Amherst College", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did his family attended the same school?", "answer": {"text": "his father and his uncle Frank had attended it, as had his elder brother, Charles Edward.", "answer_start": 190, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ab92a75f5f3a4a148de4dbd875bae151_1_q#4", "question": "What are his other interest?", "rewrite": "Besides biology, what are Talcott Parsons' other interest?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Alchip Alchip is a fabless semiconductor company founded in 2003 and headquartered in Taipei, Taiwan. Alchip specializes in the design and manufacture of digital CMOS ASICs. Alchip's headquarters is in Taipei, Taiwan. Alchip also has locations in Santa Clara, California, Shin-Yokohama, Japan, Shanghai/ Wuxi/Hefei, China, Hsinchu, Taiwan, and Seoul, Korea. In April 2002 Cadence acquired Simplex Solutions, an ASIC design services company. Alchip was founded six months later by Kinying Kwan and other former Simplex employees as a fabless ASIC supplier. Simplex Solutions had gained notoriety for designing the graphics ASIC for Sony's PS2 game console. Sony became an important customer of Alchip as well. In 2006 80% of Alchip's revenues were from Japan, and most of that was from Sony. In September 2008 Alchip's relationship with Sony took another step forward when it was announced that it would partner with Sony's microelectronics to provide packaging solutions for Alchip's customer's ASICs. Over the past decade, Alchip has received investments from several tech heavyweights, including Global Future Group, Investar, AcerVC, Cisco Systems, C2Capital, and notably Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), the biggest contract chipmaker in the world, owns a 20% stake in the firm. On December 23, 2010, Alchip went public and was listed on the Taiwan Emergent Market under the stock ticker number 3661. On October 28, 2014, Alchip debuted on the Taiwan Stock Exchange's main market. This move opened Alchip to institutional and private investors and boosted its profile within the industry.", "Differentiation (sociology) \"Differentiation\" is a term in system theory. From the viewpoint of this theory, the principal feature of modern society is the increased process of system differentiation as a way of dealing with the complexity of its environment. This is accomplished through the creation of subsystems in an effort to copy within a system the difference between it and the environment. The differentiation process is a means of increasing the complexity of a system, since each subsystem can make different connections with other subsystems. It allows for more variation within the system in order to respond to variation in the environment. Increased variation facilitated by differentiation not only allows for better responses to the environment, but also allows for faster evolution (or perhaps sociocultural evolution), which is defined sociologically as a process of selection from variation; the more differentiation (and thus variation) that is available, the better the selection. Talcott Parsons was the first major theorist to develop a theory of society consisting of functionally defined sub-system, which emerges from an evolutionary point of view through a cybernetic process of differentiation. Niklas Luhmann, who studied under Talcott Parsons, took the latter's model and changed it in significant ways. Parsons regarded society as the combined activities of its subsystems within the logic of a cybernetic hierarchy. For Parsons, although each subsystem (e.g. his classical quadripartite AGIL scheme or AGIL paradigm) would tend to have self-referential tendencies and follow a related path of structural differentiation, it would occur in a constant interpenetrative communication with the other subsystems and the historical equilibrium between the interpenetrative balance between various subsystem would termine the relative degree in which the structural differentiation between subsystem would occur or not.", "His ideas were adopted by others including Kenneth E. Boulding, William Ross Ashby and Anatol Rapoport working in mathematics, psychology, biology, game theory and social network analysis. Sociological systems thinking started earlier, in the 19th century. Stichweh states: \"... Since its beginnings the social sciences were an important part of the establishment of systems theory... the two most influential suggestions were the comprehensive sociological versions of systems theory which were proposed by Talcott Parsons since the 1950s and by Niklas Luhmann since the 1970s. \" References include Parsons' action theory and Luhmann's social systems theory. Elements of systems thinking can also be seen in the work of James Clerk Maxwell, in particular control theory. Contemporary ideas from systems theory have grown with diverse areas, exemplified by the work of biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy, linguist B\u00e9la H. B\u00e1n\u00e1thy, sociologist Talcott Parsons, ecological systems with Howard T. Odum, Eugene Odum and Fritjof Capra, organizational theory and management with individuals such as Peter Senge, interdisciplinary study with areas like Human Resource Development from the work of Richard A. Swanson, and insights from educators such as Debora Hammond and Alfonso Montuori. As a transdisciplinary, interdisciplinary and multiperspectival domain, the area brings together principles and concepts from ontology, philosophy of science, physics, computer science, biology and engineering as well as geography, sociology, political science, psychotherapy (within family systems therapy) and economics among others. Systems theory thus serves as a bridge for interdisciplinary dialogue between autonomous areas of study as well as within the area of systems science itself.", "Robert N. Bellah Robert Neelly Bellah (1927\u20132013) was an American sociologist and the Elliott Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was internationally known for his work related to the sociology of religion. Bellah graduated \"summa cum laude\" from Harvard College in 1950, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in social relations with a concentration in social anthropology. His undergraduate honors thesis won the Phi Beta Kappa Prize and was later published in 1952 with the title \"Apache Kinship Systems\". Bellah graduated from Harvard in a joint sociology and Far East languages program, with Talcott Parsons and John Pelzel as his advisors, respectively. Bellah first encountered the work of Talcott Parsons as an undergraduate when his senior honors thesis advisor was David Aberle, a former student of Parsons. Parsons was specially interested in Bellah's concept of religious evolution and the concept of \"civil religion\". They remained intellectual friends until Parsons' death in 1979. He received his Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1955. His doctoral dissertation was titled \"Religion and Society in Tokugawa Japan\" and was an extension of Max Weber's Protestant ethic thesis to Japan. It was published as \"Tokugawa Religion\" in 1957. While an undergraduate at Harvard, Bellah was a member of the Communist Party USA from 1947 to 1949 and a chairman of the John Reed Club, \"a recognized student organization concerned with the study of Marxism\". During the summer of 1954, Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard McGeorge Bundy, who later served as a national security adviser to John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, threatened to withdraw Bellah's graduate student fellowship if he did not provide the names of his former club associates. Bellah was also interrogated by the Boston office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation with the same purpose.", "The midrange approach was developed by Robert Merton as a departure from the general social theorizing of Talcott Parsons. Merton agreed with Parsons that a narrow empiricism consisting entirely of simple statistical or observational regularities cannot arrive at successful theory. However, he found that Parsons' \"formulations were remote from providing a problematics and a direction for theory-oriented empirical inquiry into the observable worlds of culture and society\". He was thus directly opposed to the abstract theorizing of scholars who are engaged in the attempt to construct a total theoretical system covering all aspects of social life. With the introduction of the middle-range theory programme, he advocated that sociologists should concentrate on measurable aspects of social reality that can be studied as separate social phenomena, rather than attempting to explain the entire social world. He saw both the middle-range theory approach and middle-range theories themselves as temporary: when they matured, as natural sciences already had, the body of middle-range theories would become a system of universal laws; but, until that time, social sciences should avoid trying to create a universal theory. Merton's original foil in the construction was Talcott Parsons, whose action theory C. Wright Mills later classified as a \"grand theory\". (Parsons vehemently rejected this categorization.) Middle-range theories are normally constructed by applying theory-building techniques to empirical research, which produce generic propositions about the social world, which in turn can also be empirically tested. Examples of middle-range theories are theories of reference groups, social mobility, normalization processes, role conflict and the formation of social norms. The middle-range approach has played a role in turning sociology into an increasingly empirically oriented discipline. This was also important in post-war thought."], "answer": {"text": "Parsons showed from early on, a great interest in the topic of philosophy,", "answer_start": 1111}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Talcott Parson studied in Amherst College?", "answer": {"text": "As an undergraduate, Parsons studied biology, sociology and philosophy at Amherst College", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did his family attended the same school?", "answer": {"text": "his father and his uncle Frank had attended it, as had his elder brother, Charles Edward.", "answer_start": 190, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is one of his professor at Amherst", "answer": {"text": "Parsons' biology professors at Amherst were Otto C. Glaser and Henry Plough.", "answer_start": 506, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to other schools?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ab92a75f5f3a4a148de4dbd875bae151_1_q#5", "question": "Anything else he was interested to?", "rewrite": "Other than biology and philosophy, is there anything else Talcott Parsons was interested in?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["His ideas were adopted by others including Kenneth E. Boulding, William Ross Ashby and Anatol Rapoport working in mathematics, psychology, biology, game theory and social network analysis. Sociological systems thinking started earlier, in the 19th century. Stichweh states: \"... Since its beginnings the social sciences were an important part of the establishment of systems theory... the two most influential suggestions were the comprehensive sociological versions of systems theory which were proposed by Talcott Parsons since the 1950s and by Niklas Luhmann since the 1970s. \" References include Parsons' action theory and Luhmann's social systems theory. Elements of systems thinking can also be seen in the work of James Clerk Maxwell, in particular control theory. Contemporary ideas from systems theory have grown with diverse areas, exemplified by the work of biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy, linguist B\u00e9la H. B\u00e1n\u00e1thy, sociologist Talcott Parsons, ecological systems with Howard T. Odum, Eugene Odum and Fritjof Capra, organizational theory and management with individuals such as Peter Senge, interdisciplinary study with areas like Human Resource Development from the work of Richard A. Swanson, and insights from educators such as Debora Hammond and Alfonso Montuori. As a transdisciplinary, interdisciplinary and multiperspectival domain, the area brings together principles and concepts from ontology, philosophy of science, physics, computer science, biology and engineering as well as geography, sociology, political science, psychotherapy (within family systems therapy) and economics among others. Systems theory thus serves as a bridge for interdisciplinary dialogue between autonomous areas of study as well as within the area of systems science itself.", "The midrange approach was developed by Robert Merton as a departure from the general social theorizing of Talcott Parsons. Merton agreed with Parsons that a narrow empiricism consisting entirely of simple statistical or observational regularities cannot arrive at successful theory. However, he found that Parsons' \"formulations were remote from providing a problematics and a direction for theory-oriented empirical inquiry into the observable worlds of culture and society\". He was thus directly opposed to the abstract theorizing of scholars who are engaged in the attempt to construct a total theoretical system covering all aspects of social life. With the introduction of the middle-range theory programme, he advocated that sociologists should concentrate on measurable aspects of social reality that can be studied as separate social phenomena, rather than attempting to explain the entire social world. He saw both the middle-range theory approach and middle-range theories themselves as temporary: when they matured, as natural sciences already had, the body of middle-range theories would become a system of universal laws; but, until that time, social sciences should avoid trying to create a universal theory. Merton's original foil in the construction was Talcott Parsons, whose action theory C. Wright Mills later classified as a \"grand theory\". (Parsons vehemently rejected this categorization.) Middle-range theories are normally constructed by applying theory-building techniques to empirical research, which produce generic propositions about the social world, which in turn can also be empirically tested. Examples of middle-range theories are theories of reference groups, social mobility, normalization processes, role conflict and the formation of social norms. The middle-range approach has played a role in turning sociology into an increasingly empirically oriented discipline. This was also important in post-war thought.", "Alchip Alchip is a fabless semiconductor company founded in 2003 and headquartered in Taipei, Taiwan. Alchip specializes in the design and manufacture of digital CMOS ASICs. Alchip's headquarters is in Taipei, Taiwan. Alchip also has locations in Santa Clara, California, Shin-Yokohama, Japan, Shanghai/ Wuxi/Hefei, China, Hsinchu, Taiwan, and Seoul, Korea. In April 2002 Cadence acquired Simplex Solutions, an ASIC design services company. Alchip was founded six months later by Kinying Kwan and other former Simplex employees as a fabless ASIC supplier. Simplex Solutions had gained notoriety for designing the graphics ASIC for Sony's PS2 game console. Sony became an important customer of Alchip as well. In 2006 80% of Alchip's revenues were from Japan, and most of that was from Sony. In September 2008 Alchip's relationship with Sony took another step forward when it was announced that it would partner with Sony's microelectronics to provide packaging solutions for Alchip's customer's ASICs. Over the past decade, Alchip has received investments from several tech heavyweights, including Global Future Group, Investar, AcerVC, Cisco Systems, C2Capital, and notably Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), the biggest contract chipmaker in the world, owns a 20% stake in the firm. On December 23, 2010, Alchip went public and was listed on the Taiwan Emergent Market under the stock ticker number 3661. On October 28, 2014, Alchip debuted on the Taiwan Stock Exchange's main market. This move opened Alchip to institutional and private investors and boosted its profile within the industry.", "Jeffrey C. Alexander Jeffrey Charles Alexander (born 1947) is an American sociologist, and one of the world's leading social theorists. He is the founding figure in the contemporary school of cultural sociology referred to as the \"strong program\". He was born May 30, 1947, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Alexander gained his Bachelor of Arts degree from Harvard University in 1969 and his Doctor of Philosophy degree from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1978. He was originally interested in Marxist sociology and worked with Fred Block. Later he worked with Neil Smelser, Robert N. Bellah, and Leo Lowenthal. Each of whom were on his dissertation committee, with the chair being Bellah, a former student of Talcott Parsons. Alexander's dissertation, \"Theoretical Logic in Sociology\", was published as a four-volume set. Volume 1 was subtitled \"Positivism, Presuppositions, and Current Controversies\", Volume 2 was \"The Antimonies of Classical Thought: Marx and Durkheim\", Volume 3 was \"The Classical Attempt at Theoretical Synthesis: Max Weber\", and Volume 4 was subtitled \"The Modern Reconstruction of Classical Thought: Talcott Parsons\". At the time, many theorists were attempting to revive Parsons after a decade of criticisms, and Alexander's \"Theoretical Logic in Sociology\" was part of this revival. He worked at the University of California, Los Angeles, from 1974 until joining Yale University in 2001, where (as of 2008) he is the Lillian Chavenson Saden Professor of Sociology and co-Director of the Center for Cultural Sociology. Alexander has authored or co-authored ten books. He was one of the editors of the journal \"Sociological Theory\", and he is currently co-editor of the \"American Journal of Cultural Sociology\".", "Robert N. Bellah Robert Neelly Bellah (1927\u20132013) was an American sociologist and the Elliott Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was internationally known for his work related to the sociology of religion. Bellah graduated \"summa cum laude\" from Harvard College in 1950, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in social relations with a concentration in social anthropology. His undergraduate honors thesis won the Phi Beta Kappa Prize and was later published in 1952 with the title \"Apache Kinship Systems\". Bellah graduated from Harvard in a joint sociology and Far East languages program, with Talcott Parsons and John Pelzel as his advisors, respectively. Bellah first encountered the work of Talcott Parsons as an undergraduate when his senior honors thesis advisor was David Aberle, a former student of Parsons. Parsons was specially interested in Bellah's concept of religious evolution and the concept of \"civil religion\". They remained intellectual friends until Parsons' death in 1979. He received his Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1955. His doctoral dissertation was titled \"Religion and Society in Tokugawa Japan\" and was an extension of Max Weber's Protestant ethic thesis to Japan. It was published as \"Tokugawa Religion\" in 1957. While an undergraduate at Harvard, Bellah was a member of the Communist Party USA from 1947 to 1949 and a chairman of the John Reed Club, \"a recognized student organization concerned with the study of Marxism\". During the summer of 1954, Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard McGeorge Bundy, who later served as a national security adviser to John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, threatened to withdraw Bellah's graduate student fellowship if he did not provide the names of his former club associates. Bellah was also interrogated by the Boston office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation with the same purpose."], "answer": {"text": "Parsons also took courses with Walton Hamilton and the philosopher Clarence Edwin Ayres, both known as \"institutional economists.\"", "answer_start": 691}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Talcott Parson studied in Amherst College?", "answer": {"text": "As an undergraduate, Parsons studied biology, sociology and philosophy at Amherst College", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did his family attended the same school?", "answer": {"text": "his father and his uncle Frank had attended it, as had his elder brother, Charles Edward.", "answer_start": 190, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is one of his professor at Amherst", "answer": {"text": "Parsons' biology professors at Amherst were Otto C. Glaser and Henry Plough.", "answer_start": 506, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to other schools?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are his other interest?", "answer": {"text": "Parsons showed from early on, a great interest in the topic of philosophy,", "answer_start": 1111, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ab92a75f5f3a4a148de4dbd875bae151_1_q#6", "question": "Did he wrote term papers on the school?", "rewrite": "Did Talcott Parsons write term papers on Amherst College?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["As an undergraduate, Parsons studied biology, sociology and philosophy at Amherst College and received his B.A. in 1924. Amherst College had become the Parsons' family college by tradition; his father and his uncle Frank had attended it, as had his elder brother, Charles Edward. Initially, Parsons was attracted to a career in medicine, as he was inspired by his elder brother so he studied a great deal of biology and spent a summer working at the Oceanographic Institution at Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Parsons' biology professors at Amherst were Otto C. Glaser and Henry Plough. Gently mocked as \"Little Talcott, the gilded cherub,\" Parsons became one of the student leaders at Amherst. Parsons also took courses with Walton Hamilton and the philosopher Clarence Edwin Ayres, both known as \"institutional economists.\" They exposed him to literature by authors such as Thorstein Veblen, John Dewey, and William Graham Sumner. Parsons also took a course with George Brown in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant and a course in modern German philosophy with Otto Manthey-Zorn, who was a great interpreter of Kant. Parsons showed from early on, a great interest in the topic of philosophy, which most likely was an echo of his father's great interest in theology in which tradition he had been profoundly socialized, a position unlike with his professors'. Two term papers that Parsons wrote as a student for Clarence E. Ayres's class in Philosophy III at Amherst have survived. They are referred to as the Amherst Papers and have been of strong interest to Parsons scholars. The first was written on December 19, 1922, \"The Theory of Human Behavior in its Individual and Social Aspects.\" The second was written on March 27, 1923, \"A Behavioristic Conception of the Nature of Morals.\" The papers reveal Parsons' early interest in social evolution.", "Robert N. Bellah Robert Neelly Bellah (1927\u20132013) was an American sociologist and the Elliott Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was internationally known for his work related to the sociology of religion. Bellah graduated \"summa cum laude\" from Harvard College in 1950, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in social relations with a concentration in social anthropology. His undergraduate honors thesis won the Phi Beta Kappa Prize and was later published in 1952 with the title \"Apache Kinship Systems\". Bellah graduated from Harvard in a joint sociology and Far East languages program, with Talcott Parsons and John Pelzel as his advisors, respectively. Bellah first encountered the work of Talcott Parsons as an undergraduate when his senior honors thesis advisor was David Aberle, a former student of Parsons. Parsons was specially interested in Bellah's concept of religious evolution and the concept of \"civil religion\". They remained intellectual friends until Parsons' death in 1979. He received his Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1955. His doctoral dissertation was titled \"Religion and Society in Tokugawa Japan\" and was an extension of Max Weber's Protestant ethic thesis to Japan. It was published as \"Tokugawa Religion\" in 1957. While an undergraduate at Harvard, Bellah was a member of the Communist Party USA from 1947 to 1949 and a chairman of the John Reed Club, \"a recognized student organization concerned with the study of Marxism\". During the summer of 1954, Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard McGeorge Bundy, who later served as a national security adviser to John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, threatened to withdraw Bellah's graduate student fellowship if he did not provide the names of his former club associates. Bellah was also interrogated by the Boston office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation with the same purpose.", "James Olds James Olds (May 30, 1922 \u2013 August 21, 1976) was an American psychologist who co-discovered the pleasure center of the brain with Peter Milner while he was a postdoctoral fellow at McGill University in 1954. He is considered to be one of the founders of modern neuroscience and received numerous distinctions ranging from election to the United States National Academy of Sciences to the Newcomb Cleveland Prize of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Olds was born in Chicago, Illinois, and grew up in Nyack, New York. His father, Leland Olds, later became chairman of the Federal Power Commission under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. His grandfather George D. Olds was the ninth president of Amherst College. Olds attended college at a number of schools including St. John's College, Annapolis, and the University of Wisconsin but received his undergraduate B.A. from Amherst College in 1947. His undergraduate years were interrupted by military service in the U.S. Army during the Second World War as part of the Persian Gulf Command. Following the war, Olds went on to get his Ph.D. at Harvard University in the Department of Social Relations under Professor Talcott Parsons. His thesis was focused on motivation and led to his subsequent interest in the biological basis of motivation. Olds married fellow neuroscientist Marianne E. Olds in 1946. They had two children, Jacqueline Olds and James Leland Olds. Following his Ph.D., Olds went on to do postdoctoral work at McGill University under Donald Olding Hebb, where he made his most important discovery with Peter Milner. Subsequently, Olds moved to UCLA, where he took his first academic appointment at the Brain Research Institute. In 1957 Olds was appointed associate professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Michigan.", "Term paper A term paper is a research paper written by students over an academic term, accounting for a large part of a grade. The online version of Merriam-Webster defined it as \"a major writing assignment in a school or college course representative of a student's achievement during a term\". Term papers are generally intended to describe an event, a concept, or argue a point. It is a written original work discussing a topic in detail, usually several typed pages in length, and is often due at the end of a semester. There is much overlap between the terms: \"research paper\" and \"term paper\". A \"term paper\" was originally a written assignment (usually a research based paper) that was due at the end of the \"term\"\u2014either a semester or quarter, depending on which unit of measure a school used. However, not all term papers involve academic research, and not all research papers are term papers. Term papers date back to the beginning of the 19th century when print could be reproduced cheaply and written texts of all types (reports, memoranda, specifications, and scholarly articles) could be easily produced and disseminated. Moulton and Holmes (2003) write that during the years from 1870 to 1900 \"American education was transformed as writing became a method of discourse and research the hallmark of learning.\" Russell (1991) writes that in the 1910s, \"the research paper began to harden into its familiar form\" adding that plagiarism and the sale of research papers both became a problem during this time. In the present day an entire industry has sprung up to provide plagiarized, pre-written or custom written term papers for students of varying levels of education.", "Clarence Edwin Ayres Clarence Edwin Ayres (May 6, 1891 \u2013 July 24, 1972) was the principal thinker in the Texas school of Institutional Economics, during the middle of the 20th century. Ayres was born in Lowell, Massachusetts, the son of a Baptist minister. He graduated from Brown University in 1912, and received a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Chicago in 1917. He taught at Chicago from 1917 until 1920, and then moved on to Amherst College, in Massachusetts, where he taught until 1923. Following a year at Reed College in Portland, Oregon, Ayres became associate editor of the New Republic, where he worked until 1927. In that year, Ayres joined the faculty at the University of Texas at Austin, where he remained until his retirement in 1968. One of Ayres students during Ayres time at Amherst College was Talcott Parsons, the most famous of all American sociologists, who wrote two term-papers for Ayres's Philosophy III class. Another notable student of Ayres was C. Wright Mills. Ayres died on July 24, 1972 in Alamogordo, New Mexico (Breit and Culbertson 1976: 3\u201322). Ayres is best known for developing an economic philosophy stemming from the works of Thorstein Veblen and John Dewey. From Veblen, he took over the notion of the struggle with the so-called capitalist society as a (Darwinist) struggle between technology and ceremonial structure. Veblen had proposed an analytical dichotomy between the \"instrumental\" and the \"ceremonial\" aspects of culture. Ayres substituted the term \"institutional\" for the term \"ceremonial\" (although he continued to use the term \"ceremonial\" for some purposes)."], "answer": {"text": "Two term papers that Parsons wrote as a student for Clarence E. Ayres's class in Philosophy III at Amherst have survived.", "answer_start": 1353}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Talcott Parson studied in Amherst College?", "answer": {"text": "As an undergraduate, Parsons studied biology, sociology and philosophy at Amherst College", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did his family attended the same school?", "answer": {"text": "his father and his uncle Frank had attended it, as had his elder brother, Charles Edward.", "answer_start": 190, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is one of his professor at Amherst", "answer": {"text": "Parsons' biology professors at Amherst were Otto C. Glaser and Henry Plough.", "answer_start": 506, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to other schools?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are his other interest?", "answer": {"text": "Parsons showed from early on, a great interest in the topic of philosophy,", "answer_start": 1111, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anything else he was interested to?", "answer": {"text": "Parsons also took courses with Walton Hamilton and the philosopher Clarence Edwin Ayres, both known as \"institutional economists.\"", "answer_start": 691, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ab92a75f5f3a4a148de4dbd875bae151_0_q#0", "question": "When did Talcott Parsons attend Heidelberg?", "rewrite": "When did Talcott Parsons attend Heidelberg?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Robert N. Bellah Robert Neelly Bellah (1927\u20132013) was an American sociologist and the Elliott Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was internationally known for his work related to the sociology of religion. Bellah graduated \"summa cum laude\" from Harvard College in 1950, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in social relations with a concentration in social anthropology. His undergraduate honors thesis won the Phi Beta Kappa Prize and was later published in 1952 with the title \"Apache Kinship Systems\". Bellah graduated from Harvard in a joint sociology and Far East languages program, with Talcott Parsons and John Pelzel as his advisors, respectively. Bellah first encountered the work of Talcott Parsons as an undergraduate when his senior honors thesis advisor was David Aberle, a former student of Parsons. Parsons was specially interested in Bellah's concept of religious evolution and the concept of \"civil religion\". They remained intellectual friends until Parsons' death in 1979. He received his Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1955. His doctoral dissertation was titled \"Religion and Society in Tokugawa Japan\" and was an extension of Max Weber's Protestant ethic thesis to Japan. It was published as \"Tokugawa Religion\" in 1957. While an undergraduate at Harvard, Bellah was a member of the Communist Party USA from 1947 to 1949 and a chairman of the John Reed Club, \"a recognized student organization concerned with the study of Marxism\". During the summer of 1954, Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard McGeorge Bundy, who later served as a national security adviser to John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, threatened to withdraw Bellah's graduate student fellowship if he did not provide the names of his former club associates. Bellah was also interrogated by the Boston office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation with the same purpose.", "His ideas were adopted by others including Kenneth E. Boulding, William Ross Ashby and Anatol Rapoport working in mathematics, psychology, biology, game theory and social network analysis. Sociological systems thinking started earlier, in the 19th century. Stichweh states: \"... Since its beginnings the social sciences were an important part of the establishment of systems theory... the two most influential suggestions were the comprehensive sociological versions of systems theory which were proposed by Talcott Parsons since the 1950s and by Niklas Luhmann since the 1970s. \" References include Parsons' action theory and Luhmann's social systems theory. Elements of systems thinking can also be seen in the work of James Clerk Maxwell, in particular control theory. Contemporary ideas from systems theory have grown with diverse areas, exemplified by the work of biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy, linguist B\u00e9la H. B\u00e1n\u00e1thy, sociologist Talcott Parsons, ecological systems with Howard T. Odum, Eugene Odum and Fritjof Capra, organizational theory and management with individuals such as Peter Senge, interdisciplinary study with areas like Human Resource Development from the work of Richard A. Swanson, and insights from educators such as Debora Hammond and Alfonso Montuori. As a transdisciplinary, interdisciplinary and multiperspectival domain, the area brings together principles and concepts from ontology, philosophy of science, physics, computer science, biology and engineering as well as geography, sociology, political science, psychotherapy (within family systems therapy) and economics among others. Systems theory thus serves as a bridge for interdisciplinary dialogue between autonomous areas of study as well as within the area of systems science itself.", "The midrange approach was developed by Robert Merton as a departure from the general social theorizing of Talcott Parsons. Merton agreed with Parsons that a narrow empiricism consisting entirely of simple statistical or observational regularities cannot arrive at successful theory. However, he found that Parsons' \"formulations were remote from providing a problematics and a direction for theory-oriented empirical inquiry into the observable worlds of culture and society\". He was thus directly opposed to the abstract theorizing of scholars who are engaged in the attempt to construct a total theoretical system covering all aspects of social life. With the introduction of the middle-range theory programme, he advocated that sociologists should concentrate on measurable aspects of social reality that can be studied as separate social phenomena, rather than attempting to explain the entire social world. He saw both the middle-range theory approach and middle-range theories themselves as temporary: when they matured, as natural sciences already had, the body of middle-range theories would become a system of universal laws; but, until that time, social sciences should avoid trying to create a universal theory. Merton's original foil in the construction was Talcott Parsons, whose action theory C. Wright Mills later classified as a \"grand theory\". (Parsons vehemently rejected this categorization.) Middle-range theories are normally constructed by applying theory-building techniques to empirical research, which produce generic propositions about the social world, which in turn can also be empirically tested. Examples of middle-range theories are theories of reference groups, social mobility, normalization processes, role conflict and the formation of social norms. The middle-range approach has played a role in turning sociology into an increasingly empirically oriented discipline. This was also important in post-war thought.", "Differentiation (sociology) \"Differentiation\" is a term in system theory. From the viewpoint of this theory, the principal feature of modern society is the increased process of system differentiation as a way of dealing with the complexity of its environment. This is accomplished through the creation of subsystems in an effort to copy within a system the difference between it and the environment. The differentiation process is a means of increasing the complexity of a system, since each subsystem can make different connections with other subsystems. It allows for more variation within the system in order to respond to variation in the environment. Increased variation facilitated by differentiation not only allows for better responses to the environment, but also allows for faster evolution (or perhaps sociocultural evolution), which is defined sociologically as a process of selection from variation; the more differentiation (and thus variation) that is available, the better the selection. Talcott Parsons was the first major theorist to develop a theory of society consisting of functionally defined sub-system, which emerges from an evolutionary point of view through a cybernetic process of differentiation. Niklas Luhmann, who studied under Talcott Parsons, took the latter's model and changed it in significant ways. Parsons regarded society as the combined activities of its subsystems within the logic of a cybernetic hierarchy. For Parsons, although each subsystem (e.g. his classical quadripartite AGIL scheme or AGIL paradigm) would tend to have self-referential tendencies and follow a related path of structural differentiation, it would occur in a constant interpenetrative communication with the other subsystems and the historical equilibrium between the interpenetrative balance between various subsystem would termine the relative degree in which the structural differentiation between subsystem would occur or not.", "Alchip Alchip is a fabless semiconductor company founded in 2003 and headquartered in Taipei, Taiwan. Alchip specializes in the design and manufacture of digital CMOS ASICs. Alchip's headquarters is in Taipei, Taiwan. Alchip also has locations in Santa Clara, California, Shin-Yokohama, Japan, Shanghai/ Wuxi/Hefei, China, Hsinchu, Taiwan, and Seoul, Korea. In April 2002 Cadence acquired Simplex Solutions, an ASIC design services company. Alchip was founded six months later by Kinying Kwan and other former Simplex employees as a fabless ASIC supplier. Simplex Solutions had gained notoriety for designing the graphics ASIC for Sony's PS2 game console. Sony became an important customer of Alchip as well. In 2006 80% of Alchip's revenues were from Japan, and most of that was from Sony. In September 2008 Alchip's relationship with Sony took another step forward when it was announced that it would partner with Sony's microelectronics to provide packaging solutions for Alchip's customer's ASICs. Over the past decade, Alchip has received investments from several tech heavyweights, including Global Future Group, Investar, AcerVC, Cisco Systems, C2Capital, and notably Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), the biggest contract chipmaker in the world, owns a 20% stake in the firm. On December 23, 2010, Alchip went public and was listed on the Taiwan Emergent Market under the stock ticker number 3661. On October 28, 2014, Alchip debuted on the Taiwan Stock Exchange's main market. This move opened Alchip to institutional and private investors and boosted its profile within the industry."], "answer": {"text": "Parsons went on to the University of Heidelberg, where he received his Ph.D. in sociology and economics in 1927.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_ab92a75f5f3a4a148de4dbd875bae151_0_q#1", "question": "What was his best work?", "rewrite": "What was Parsons best work?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Many companies nevertheless still stick to the archaic, counterproductive goal of trying to minimize compensation. Though it may seem to be cost effective to apply this profit-first mentality of low-as-possible wages, it ultimately cripples employee performance and engagement, and damages the bottom line. A fundamental criticism of performance-related pay is that the performance of a complex job as a whole is reduced to a simple, often single measure of performance. For instance a telephone call center helpline may judge the quality of an employee based upon the average length of a call with a customer. As a simple measure, this gives no regard to the quality of help given, for instance whether the issue was resolved, or whether the customer emerged satisfied. Performance-related pay may also cause a hostile work attitude, as in times of low customer volume when multiple employees may compete for the attentions of a single customer. Where a customer has been helped by more than one employee, further resentment may be caused if the commission is taken by whoever happens to make the final sale. Macroscopic factors such as an economic downturn may also make employees appear to be performing to a lower standard independent of actual performance. Performance-based systems have met some opposition as they are being adopted by corporations and governments. In some cases, opposition is motivated by specific ill-conceived standards, such as one which makes employees work at unsafe speeds, or a system which does not take all factors properly into account. A further example can be seen in the public policy responses to Incentive Pay or Bonuses in the financial services sector following the financial crisis in 2008. The structure of the incentive pay schemes were deemed to be a contributing factor to the crisis and regulators around the world, co-ordinated by the Financial Stability Board issued recommendations to ensure that incentives schemes were re-designed.", "Parsons' body was transferred to Wappocomo for burial in the Parsons family burial ground. Union Army forces assumed Parsons had died in the skirmish along Grassy Lick Run, and claimed the right to examine his body to search for wounds which would serve as sufficient cause to destroy his property. Professor Nelson, a Presbyterian minister and instructor at the Potomac Academy, was a friend of the Parsons family, and denied Union Army officials access to Parsons' body. As a compromise, Professor Nelson allowed Union Army officers to be present in the room while Parsons' corpse was examined. No wounds were found on Parsons' body, and his remains were interred in the Parsons family burial ground at Indian Mound Cemetery. On April 26, 1862, acting Quartermaster Lt. F. H. Morse completed the death certificate for Parsons although the circumstances of Parsons' death were not recorded. Captain William Firey of Company B, 1st Maryland Cavalry and Captain C. W. Shearer of Company B, 3rd Maryland Infantry , Potomac Home Brigade were present for the examination of Parsons' body and attested there was \"no evidence of gun-shot wounds or any other violence on him\". Witnesses present at the examination were William Vance and George William Washington. Parsons drafted his own will and testament, and it was proved without issue, and later cited in the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia case \"French v. French\" (1877). His wife Susan Blue Parsons died on October 2, 1889 and was interred alongside Parsons at Indian Mound Cemetery. In her \"Parsons' Family History and Record\" (1913), Parsons' relative and family genealogist Virginia Parsons MacCabe said of Parsons: \"he was broad minded and conservative, gifted with good common sense and judgment, his honesty and integrity was unimpeachable.\" Parsons married Susan Blue (1817\u20131889) on May 18, 1836.", "Stealth mode In business, stealth mode is a company's temporary state of secretiveness, usually undertaken to avoid alerting competitors to a pending product launch or another business initiative. A stealth product is a product that a company develops in secret, while a stealth company is a new company that avoids initial disclosure as to its existence, purpose, products, personnel, funding, brand name, or other important attributes. The term stealth innovation has been applied to individual projects and ideas that are developed in secret inside a company. Whereas secrecy is the historical norm in many fields of business, start-up companies often thrive on publicity and open sharing of information. Openness is common to the business culture of Silicon Valley and other technology centers, with competitors freely exchanging news of discoveries, products under development, and other company news. There is intense media interest in some business sectors, with even relatively small funding rounds covered in specialized press. Public relations is considered useful to attract interest from talent, customers, and investors, and to promote the careers of the people involved. Additionally, competitors often collaborate on projects or buy each other's products. Some companies nevertheless avoid publicity in fields that are ordinarily not secretive. Among the reasons, a small, relatively unfunded company may wish to avoid giving companies with more resources time to develop competing technologies. The very announcement that a larger or better-known company is working on a competing product may damp interest in the smaller upstart. If the innovative company has no realistic means of protecting its new intellectual property, it may seek to obtain a \"first-mover advantage\" by waiting until the company or its products are ready to sell before they are announced. This gives as long a lead as possible before others may copy its products, distribution channels, brand, or other business advantages.", "Adelaide 11.7 (73)
Venue: Football Park< br> Attendance: 39,276
Date: 5 October 1991< br> Umpires: Laurie Argent and Mick Abbott< br> Jack Oatey Medallist: Darel Hart Best : Hart, Perkins, Sanders, Krieg, Redden, Parsons, Sims< br> Goals:
7 \u2013 Hart< br> 4 \u2013 Burton
2 \u2013 Hamilton, Parsons< br> 1 \u2013 Atkinson, Clisby, Krieg, Nunan, Perkins, Sanders North Adelaide 23.7 (145) defeated Glenelg 9.9 (63)
Venue: Football Park< br> Attendance: 50,617
Date: 3 October 1987< br> Umpires: Neville Thorpe, Rick Kinnear
Jack Oatey Medallist: Michael Parsons Best:
Goals:
6 \u2013 Parsons< br> 5 \u2013 Roberts
4 \u2013 Sims< br> 3 \u2013 Burton, D. Jarman
2 \u2013 A. Jarman North Adelaide 19.14 (128) defeated Port Adelaide 10.12 (72)
Venue: Adelaide Oval
Attendance: 55,709
Date: 30 September 1972
Umpires: < br> Best:
Goals:
6 \u2013 Sachse< br> 3 \u2013 Hearl
2 \u2013 Marsh, R. Robran, von Bertouch< br> 1 \u2013 Phillips, Plummer, Rebbeck, B. Robran, Webb North Adelaide 10.19 (79) defeated Port Adelaide 9.5 (59)
Venue: Adelaide Oval
Attendance: 52,228
Date: 25 September 1971
Umpires: < br>", "None of the white members were convicted. John Purnell, a mulatto member of the gang, was tried in Philadelphia County Court in 1826, convicted of two counts of kidnapping and sentenced to a fine and 42 years in prison. He died five years later in prison. Patty Cannon, considered the leader of the gang, evaded capture. She was indicted on four counts of murder in 1829 after remains of four blacks were found buried on her land, but she died in jail before being tried, likely a suicide. Shulze pushed to establish free compulsory education in Pennsylvania. Although it failed to pass during his administration, he laid the groundwork for its adoption and funding under his successor, George Wolf. He also oversaw major canal and road building projects in the state. Shulze declined to run for a third term and retired to Montoursville, Pennsylvania. He returned to public life briefly to become a delegate to the first national convention of the Whig Party in 1839. In 1840, he served as President of Pennsylvania's Electoral College which elected William Henry Harrison as the ninth President of the United States. He died in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, November 18, 1852, and was buried in Woodward Hill Cemetery. His widow and former First Lady of Pennsylvania, Susan Kimmell Shulze, died on October 4, 1860. She is also buried in Woodward Hill Cemetery in Lancaster. Shulze Hall, located on the campus of Penn State University, is named in his honor."], "answer": {"text": "Parsons read extensively in religious literature, especially works focusing on the sociology of religion.", "answer_start": 11}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Talcott Parsons attend Heidelberg?", "answer": {"text": "Parsons went on to the University of Heidelberg, where he received his Ph.D. in sociology and economics in 1927.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ab92a75f5f3a4a148de4dbd875bae151_0_q#2", "question": "Why was sociology of religion so important?", "rewrite": "Why was sociology of religion so important to Parsons?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This article lists the theoretical framework derived from theories of Goffman, Erikfroom, Herbert Blumer, Rabert Merten, Jorgen Habermas, Zigmond Froid and Carl Gostav Young is developed and then, to test hypotheses derived from a field theoretical framework in three steps which are survey and documentation has been paid. This study has been carried out in society of fellowship of freedom in east of Tehran. The result shows that addiction treatment through team building functions have direct and indirect impacts in disposition and action rehabilitation in addicts. Abstract: What is the message to Wall Street?What is the goal of people who are tired of the inability of the government's? andwhat goal are looking to accomplish?Is there any economical and political aspects in this movement? Abstract: Sociology Alavi is a kind of sociology of religion; the sociology of religion and religion sociology are different. Sociology of religion means that it gets its principles from God's law and religious books and in accordance, it can be stated School of sociology and the sociology of religion and axioms are not provable in any school and these are the obvious tenet that we are accept them as a right tenet from some books such a Quran, Gospel or Avesta. Some people thought that sociology of religion does not mean because in sociology the main issue is the only study and they say we can not have Islamic physic so sociology of religion is not acceptable. The human form the society and its important for human to notice the structure of society and it recognize the truth and false of component and the relationship between them. So they try to find a model that they can convert the unhealthy society to healthy society. In the sociology of religion an ideal society is interpreted based on religious precepts. Abstract", "Whorf hypothesis \u2014 scapegoating \u2014 schizophrenia \u2014 science \u2014 Second World \u2014 secondary data \u2014 secondary deviance \u2014 secondary group \u2014 secondary labor market \u2014 sect \u2014 secularization \u2014 self \u2014 self-consciousness \u2014 semi-periphery countries \u2014 semiotics \u2014 serial monogamy \u2014 serial reciprocity \u2014 sex \u2014 sex role \u2014 sexism \u2014 sexual harassment \u2014 sexual script \u2014 sick role \u2014 significant other \u2014 simulation \u2014 snowball sampling \u2014 for entries beginning with social, see sections below \u2014 socialism \u2014 socialization \u2014 society \u2014 sociobiology \u2014 sociocultural context \u2014 sociocultural evolution \u2014 for entries beginning with sociological, see sections below \u2014 sociology \u2014 for entries beginning with sociology of, see sections below \u2014 solid waste \u2014 solidarity \u2014 sovereignty \u2014 split labor market theory \u2014 standing army \u2014 state (polity) \u2014 sociology books \u2014 sociological framework \u2014 sociological imagination \u2014 sociological naturalism \u2014 sociological paradigm \u2014 sociological perspective \u2014 sociological positivism \u2014 sociological theory sociology of aging \u2014 sociology of architecture \u2014 sociology of art \u2014 sociology of the body \u2014 sociology of childhood \u2014 sociology of conflict \u2014 sociology of deviance \u2014 sociology of disaster \u2014 sociology of education \u2014 sociology of emotions \u2014 sociology of the family \u2014 sociology of fatherhood \u2014 sociology of film \u2014 sociology of food \u2014 sociology of gender \u2014 sociology of government \u2014 sociology of health and illness \u2014 sociology of the history of science \u2014 sociology of immigration \u2014 sociology of knowledge \u2014 sociology of language \u2014 sociology of law \u2014 sociology of leisure \u2014 sociology of markets \u2014 sociology of medicine \u2014 sociology of the military \u2014 sociology of music \u2014 sociology of politics \u2014 sociology of punishment \u2014 sociology of race \u2014 sociology of religion \u2014 sociology of science and technology \u2014 sociology of sport \u2014 sociology of terrorism \u2014 sociology of work-sociology of motherhood taboo \u2014 Scientific management \u2014 Taylorization \u2014 technology \u2014 terrorism \u2014 tertiary sector of economic activity \u2014 the Enlightenment \u2014 the Renaissance \u2014", "Parsons went on to the University of Heidelberg, where he received his Ph.D. in sociology and economics in 1927. At Heidelberg, he worked with Alfred Weber, Max Weber's brother; Edgar Salin, his dissertation adviser; Emil Lederer; and Karl Mannheim. He was examined on Kant's \"Critique of Pure Reason\" by the philosopher Karl Jaspers. At Heidelberg, Parsons was also examed by Willy Andreas on the French Revolution. Parsons wrote his Dr. Phil. thesis on The Concept of Capitalism in the Recent German Literature, with his main focus on the work of Werner Sombart and Weber. It was clear from his discussion that he rejected Sombart's quasi-idealistic views and was supported Weber's attempt to strike a balance between historicism, idealism and Neo-Kantism. The most crucial encounter for Parsons at Heidelberg was his encounter with the work of Max Weber about whom he had never heard before. Weber became tremendously important for Parsons because his upbringing with a liberal but strongly-religious father had made the question of the role of culture and religion in the basic processes of world history a persistent puzzle in his mind. Weber was the first scholar who truly provided Parsons with a compelling theoretical \"answer\" to the question so Parsons became totally absorbed in reading of Weber. Parsons decided to translate Weber's work into English and approached Marianne Weber, Weber's widow. Parsons would eventually translate several of Weber's works to English. His time in Heidelberg had him invited by Marianne Weber to \"sociological teas,\" which were study group meetings that she held in the library room of her and Max's old apartment. One scholar that Parsons met at Heidelberg who shared his enthusiasm for Weber was Alexander von Schelting. Parsons later wrote a review article on von Schelting's book on Weber.", "Robert N. Bellah Robert Neelly Bellah (1927\u20132013) was an American sociologist and the Elliott Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was internationally known for his work related to the sociology of religion. Bellah graduated \"summa cum laude\" from Harvard College in 1950, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in social relations with a concentration in social anthropology. His undergraduate honors thesis won the Phi Beta Kappa Prize and was later published in 1952 with the title \"Apache Kinship Systems\". Bellah graduated from Harvard in a joint sociology and Far East languages program, with Talcott Parsons and John Pelzel as his advisors, respectively. Bellah first encountered the work of Talcott Parsons as an undergraduate when his senior honors thesis advisor was David Aberle, a former student of Parsons. Parsons was specially interested in Bellah's concept of religious evolution and the concept of \"civil religion\". They remained intellectual friends until Parsons' death in 1979. He received his Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1955. His doctoral dissertation was titled \"Religion and Society in Tokugawa Japan\" and was an extension of Max Weber's Protestant ethic thesis to Japan. It was published as \"Tokugawa Religion\" in 1957. While an undergraduate at Harvard, Bellah was a member of the Communist Party USA from 1947 to 1949 and a chairman of the John Reed Club, \"a recognized student organization concerned with the study of Marxism\". During the summer of 1954, Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard McGeorge Bundy, who later served as a national security adviser to John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, threatened to withdraw Bellah's graduate student fellowship if he did not provide the names of his former club associates. Bellah was also interrogated by the Boston office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation with the same purpose.", "He believed that after the fall of communism, a new form of Russia would arise. He also believed that pushing Russia out of its crisis would encourage the world to utilize altruistic love; a vital part of his research. Sorokin also created the Center for the Study of Creative Altruism in Harvard and there he developed and proposed his ideas about the ethics of love and social solidarity. With this program he was able to express how humanity can be saved through altruistic actions made out of love. With the financial assistance of Eli Lilly, a friend of Sorokin who was a pharmaceutical heir, he was able to do further research in creative altruism. From this research, he gained much popularity and was well respected by other sociologists and in the field of sociology. He was referred to as the \"founder of the sociology of altruism\". Because of this, he was given the opportunity to create \"The Harvard Research Center in Creative Altruism\" in 1949 and had two instructors under him, one of them being Talcott Parsons. Although Sorokin and Parsons worked together as colleagues, Sorokin would heavily criticize Parsons works due to having opposing views. Sorokin disapproved with America\u2019s ways of civilization and felt as if it was in decline hence creating tension between Sorokin and Parsons; Parsons being an American sociologist while Sorokin was Russian. The rift between them was put to a hold when Harvard University and the American sociology community favored Parsons views and Sorokin's administrative position in Harvard was seized. Sorokin's research also focused on rural society hence making him more approachable and referable by other moral conservatives. This initiated his collaboration with Carle Zimmerman and together they expanded on the perspective of rural-urban sociology."], "answer": {"text": "One scholar who became especially important for Parsons was Ernst D. Troeltsch (1865-1923). Parsons also read widely on Calvinism.", "answer_start": 117}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Talcott Parsons attend Heidelberg?", "answer": {"text": "Parsons went on to the University of Heidelberg, where he received his Ph.D. in sociology and economics in 1927.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his best work?", "answer": {"text": "Parsons read extensively in religious literature, especially works focusing on the sociology of religion.", "answer_start": 11, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_ab92a75f5f3a4a148de4dbd875bae151_0_q#3", "question": "Why did he concentrate so much on religious literature?", "rewrite": "Why did Parsons concentrate so much on religious literature?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Local commentators reported that Salafists were particularly active in the country's northern regions of Guba and Kachmaz. The law on religious freedom expressly prohibits religious proselytizing by foreigners, and the Government strictly enforced this. The Government was concerned about Islamic missionary groups (predominantly Iranian and Wahhabi) operating in the country and, as in previous years, restricted their activities. Some Muslims complained about the SCWRA's allegedly indiscriminate use of the term \"Wahhabi\" to cast a shadow on devout Muslims. Local Protestant Christians also claimed that SCWRA Chairman Orujov derogatorily referred to their organizations as \"sects.\" In May 2007 a Baku court sentenced a journalist and the editor of the Sanat newspaper on charges of \"inciting religious hatred. \" The journalist was given a 3-year prison term, and the editor was given a 4-year term. The journalist had written an article, published in November 2006, arguing Islamic values retarded the country's development. The law permits the production and dissemination of religious literature with the approval of the SCWRA; only religious literature, which promote religious intolerance, discrimination and radical religious ideas are restricted to import to the country by SCWRA. The Government regulates travel for the purpose of religious training. Prospective travelers must obtain permission from, or register with, the SCWRA or the Ministry of Education to go abroad for religious studies. No religious identification is required in passports or other identity documents. However, the Center for the Protection of Conscience and Religious Freedom reported that authorities prohibited Muslim women from wearing headscarves in passport photos and other official identity documents. Some local officials continued to discourage Muslim women from wearing headscarves in schools.", "Some minority religious group adherents remained members of the only political party but feared openly acknowledging their faith out of concern for political reprisal. The Government monitored minority religious groups, particularly those perceived to have connections with or support from a supranational hierarchy. The law prohibits foreign missionary activity, although in practice both Christians and Muslims working in the country in other capacities engaged in religious outreach. The 2003 law on religion stipulated that religious groups must report any financial or material assistance received from foreign sources. The Government denies visas to foreigners suspected of conducting or intending to conduct missionary activity. By decree, publishing religious literature was prohibited, limiting the availability of Qur'ans, Bibles and other religious literature. Sacred religious books were rarely available for purchase. In practice the CRA must approve imported religious literature. Since all members of the CRA are either government officials, Sunni Muslims or members of the ROC, minority religious groups were disadvantaged regarding importing of religious materials. When the CRA approves the importation of a publication, the number of imported copies cannot exceed the number of registered group members. The Dashoguz office of the CRA required that its officers stamp religious literature, including Bibles and Qur'ans, in order to authorize it. During the reporting period, a leader of an unregistered church in Dashoguz reported that officials confiscated religious literature from him on a train and intercepted religious literature that had been mailed to him. The Government enforced the use of former President Niyazov's books, Ruhnama and Ruhnama II, in educational institutions, government offices, and mosques. Copies of the book were kept in most mosques, and authorities have pressured religious leaders to place it alongside the Qur'an and to preach Ruhnama in their services.", "A 2003 decree of the Cabinet of Ministers outlining a change in registration requirements for NGOs restricted the activities of faith-based entities. In June 2006 the Government forced the closure of the international NGOs Central Asia Free Exchange (CAFE) and Global Involvement Through Education, after employees of the organizations were accused of engaging in proselytism, and authorities accused both organizations of several other violations of law. Both organizations maintained that their activities were strictly of a humanitarian nature. Government employees generally display less religious devotion than do citizens in the private sector. The state maintains a policy of secularism, and government employees are under greater scrutiny than others to maintain the separation between religion and state structures. Unlike previous years, there were no credible reports of heads of mahalla committees threatening Christian converts that they would not be given a cemetery burial if they did not stop attending church. State-controlled media in some cases encouraged societal prejudice against evangelical Christians. On November 30 and December 1, 2006, state television broadcast a documentary entitled \"Hypocrisy\" that warned citizens against associating with evangelical Christians, particularly Pentecostals. The television program was followed by a series of articles in the state-controlled press and Internet sites reinforcing this message. Although the Government requires that the CRA approve all religious literature, in practice a number of other government entities, including the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD), National Security Service (NSS), Customs Service, and police may suppress or confiscate religious literature of which they do not approve. The CRA has restricted the right to publish, import, and distribute religious literature solely to registered central offices of religious organizations, of which seven now exist: an interdenominational Bible Society; the Muslim Board of Uzbekistan; two Islamic centers; and Russian Orthodox, Full Gospel, Baptist, and Roman Catholic offices.", "There have been no reports of visa restrictions for Muslim missionaries. On July 13, 2006, Murodullo Davlatov, the former Chairman of the SCRA and now the Deputy Minister of Culture responsible for the DRA, stated publicly that the committee would scrutinize Jehovah's Witnesses actions. He said that Jehovah's Witnesses must receive permission from the committee prior to importing religious literature and provide samples of the literature to the committee. Beginning in April 2007 government authorities prohibited the release of religious literature imported by Jehovah's Witnesses, despite the group obtaining permission and proper documentation. In a written statement presented to the Jehovah's Witnesses on June 15, 2007, the DRA stated that the literature has a negative impact on the country and recommended that authorities not release the literature. The \"ban\" on printing in Arabic script was thought to be an attempt to prevent the publication of extremist literature, such as those of the extremist Islamic political organization Hizb ut-Tahrir. Authorities in Isfara continue to restrict private Arabic language schools (including those giving private Islamic instruction) based on past reports that one such school was hosting a suspected terrorist . Restrictions on home-based Islamic education remain in place. While these restrictions are primarily due to political concerns, they affect religious instruction. Unconfirmed reports suggest that the Tajikistan government has attempted to restrict the influence of two popular Islamic scholars by stopping Muslims from outside the scholar's districts from coming to their mosques to worship, barring them from becoming members of the IRPT . and confiscating audio and video cassettes of their sermons from public shops in 2006. The government continues to examine audio and video cassettes for extremist and anti-government material. Tajikistan does not have a comprehensive strategy regarding refugees.", "While there were no restrictions on non-Muslims providing private religious instruction for children, most foreign children attended secular private schools. Muslim children were allowed to go to secular and coeducational private schools. The Government regulates the publication, importation, and distribution of all religious books and materials. However, in practice, individuals and religious institutions were not prevented from importing holy books and other religious items for personal or congregational use. The Islamic holy days of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha are national holidays. Government policy and practice contributed to the generally free practice of religion, although there were some restrictions. Converting to another religion from Islam is considered apostasy and is technically a capital offense; however, since the country gained independence in 1971, there has been no recorded execution or other punishment for such an act. The Government regulates the publication, importation, and distribution of non-Islamic religious literature. Individuals and religious institutions are allowed to import Bibles and other religious items for personal or congregational use. Christian religious literature, with the exception of Bibles, is readily available in English in local bookstores. In addition, religious materials for use at Christmas and Easter are readily available in local shops. A ship run by a Christian group docked in Doha for one week during the reporting period to sell books, including books on Christianity. Religious services were held without prior authorization from the Government; however, congregations have been asked not to advertise them in advance or use visible religious symbols such as outdoor crosses. Christian services are regularly held and open to the public. Some services, particularly those on Easter and Christmas, drew more than 1,000 worshippers. Christian clergy reported no problems wearing traditional religious clothing in public. While disclosure of religious affiliation is required when applying for a passport or other identity documents, affiliation is not reflected in the issued documents."], "answer": {"text": "Parsons read extensively in religious literature,", "answer_start": 11}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Talcott Parsons attend Heidelberg?", "answer": {"text": "Parsons went on to the University of Heidelberg, where he received his Ph.D. in sociology and economics in 1927.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his best work?", "answer": {"text": "Parsons read extensively in religious literature, especially works focusing on the sociology of religion.", "answer_start": 11, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why was sociology of religion so important?", "answer": {"text": "One scholar who became especially important for Parsons was Ernst D. Troeltsch (1865-1923). Parsons also read widely on Calvinism.", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_ab92a75f5f3a4a148de4dbd875bae151_0_q#4", "question": "Who were some of his preferred teachers in religious literature?", "rewrite": "Who were some of Parsons preferred teachers in religious literature?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Raminta \u0160erk\u0161nyt\u0117 Raminta \u0160erk\u0161nyt\u0117 (born 1975, in Kaunas) is a Lithuanian composer, pianist and Lithuanian National Culture and Art Prize laureate. \u0160erk\u0161nyt\u0117 was born in Kaunas, Lithuania. From 1982 to 1994, she studied music at Kaunas J. Naujalio high school and with her aunt, Rymant\u0117 \u0160erk\u0161nyt\u0117. From 1994 to 2000, she studied composition at the Lithuanian Academy of Music with Professor Balakauskas, Rimantas Janeliauskas and Valentina Maslski. From 1997 to 2007, she studied composition abroad. After completing her studies, she worked as a pianist and composer. Her music has been performed internationally in Berlin, New York, Toronto, Moscow and at a number of international music festivals. Selected works include:", "On the 2007 deluxe edition release, it is revealed that parts of this tape were used for the 1976 Griffith Park Planetarium launch of the original album, the 1987 remix, and various radio spots, all of which were included as bonus material. \"Sirius\", eventually became the best-known, or, at least, the most frequently heard, of all Parsons songs. It was used as entrance music by various American sports teams, most notably by the Chicago Bulls during their 1990s NBA dynasty. It was also used as the entrance theme for Ricky Steamboat in pro wrestling of the mid-1980s. In addition, \"Sirius\" has been played in a variety of TV shows and movies including the BBC series Record Breakers, the episode \"Vanishing Act\" of \"\" and the 2009 film \"Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs\". Lead vocal duties were shared by guest vocalists chosen by their style to complement each song. In later years, Woolfson sang lead on many of the group's hits, including \"Time\", \"Eye in the Sky\", and \"Don't Answer Me\". The record company pressured Parsons to use him more. However, Parsons preferred to use more technically polished and proficient singers, which Woolfson admitted he was not. In addition to Woolfson, vocalists Chris Rainbow, Lenny Zakatek, John Miles, David Paton, and Colin Blunstone made regular appearances. Other singers, such as Arthur Brown, Steve Harley, Gary Brooker, Dave Terry a.k.a. Elmer Gantry, Vitamin Z's Geoff Barradale, and Marmalade's Dean Ford, have recorded only once or twice with the Project. Parsons himself only sang lead on one song (\"The Raven\") through a vocoder and backing on a few others, including \"To One in Paradise\".", "Some minority religious group adherents remained members of the only political party but feared openly acknowledging their faith out of concern for political reprisal. The Government monitored minority religious groups, particularly those perceived to have connections with or support from a supranational hierarchy. The law prohibits foreign missionary activity, although in practice both Christians and Muslims working in the country in other capacities engaged in religious outreach. The 2003 law on religion stipulated that religious groups must report any financial or material assistance received from foreign sources. The Government denies visas to foreigners suspected of conducting or intending to conduct missionary activity. By decree, publishing religious literature was prohibited, limiting the availability of Qur'ans, Bibles and other religious literature. Sacred religious books were rarely available for purchase. In practice the CRA must approve imported religious literature. Since all members of the CRA are either government officials, Sunni Muslims or members of the ROC, minority religious groups were disadvantaged regarding importing of religious materials. When the CRA approves the importation of a publication, the number of imported copies cannot exceed the number of registered group members. The Dashoguz office of the CRA required that its officers stamp religious literature, including Bibles and Qur'ans, in order to authorize it. During the reporting period, a leader of an unregistered church in Dashoguz reported that officials confiscated religious literature from him on a train and intercepted religious literature that had been mailed to him. The Government enforced the use of former President Niyazov's books, Ruhnama and Ruhnama II, in educational institutions, government offices, and mosques. Copies of the book were kept in most mosques, and authorities have pressured religious leaders to place it alongside the Qur'an and to preach Ruhnama in their services.", "Hayandose Hayandose is a cultural category used to express membership and belonging among Zapotec migrants, described by cultural anthropologist Lourdes Guti\u00e9rrez-N\u00e1jera. Hayandose entails a process of creating ethnically-marked spaces among migrants in an effort to combat feelings of marginalization and displacement in a host country. This concept may be compared to the notion of Native Hubs developed by anthropologist Renya Ramirez to describe how urban Native Americans negotiate a transnational existence. \u201cHayandose\u201d, in \"Beyond el Barrio: Everyday Life in Latina/o America\", examines the place of indigenous people within the broader scope of Latino Studies and also within the national political landscape. As argued in the text, indigenous subjects do not easily fit the category of \"Latino\" used to describe national identities; for example, Guatemalan, Mexican, Ecuadorian. At the same time, indigenous migrants often are targets of racism and prejudice directed towards them. The essay is in conversation with other essays in the volume that interrogate the ways that Latinos carve out niches for themselves and thrive in urban spaces within the United States. As the essay Hayandose argues, such established spaces allow migrants, struggling with separation from their home country and racist stigmatization in their host country, to engage in a \u201cmeaningful practice of belonging\u201d in which they are able to express their cultural membership. Hayandose marks the point at which people finally feel as though they belong through the discovery of themselves in a foreign place. Guti\u00e9rrez-N\u00e1jera uses Zapotecs as an example of migrants who originate from Oaxaca, M\u00e9xico and form their own spaces of belonging in the United States, specifically in Los Angeles. The Zapotecs that Guti\u00e9rrez-Najera writes about are from Yal\u00e1lag, a small rural town in the heart of Oaxaca.", "Beatrice Emma Parsons Beatrice Emma Parsons (1870-1955) was a British painter and is best known for her watercolours of garden subjects. Parsons, along with George Samuel Elgood and Ernest Arthur Rowe, is considered one of the leading English painters of gardens. Parsons was born in Peckham, South London, England in 1870. She was sister to Karl Parsons, a stained-glass artist, who commemorated their family in a stained-glass window in St. Matthew's Church, Oxhey. Parsons attended the Haberdashers' Aske's School for Girls and studied at King's College London, before attending the Royal Academy Schools, where she won three prizes. She lived in Hampstead after 1901, until she moved to Oxhey in 1907, where she had a studio until her death on 17 February 1955. During her time in Oxhey, she lived with her three sisters. Although known for her garden paintings, Parsons originally experimented with historical and genre paintings and also created a few portraits, landscapes, and still-life paintings. She began painting, almost exclusively, garden subject watercolours in 1900. She painted in England, but also in Europe and Africa. Parsons preferred painting gardens in their summer colours, and specialized in the gardens of Devon, Cornwall and Somerset. Her work was featured on postcards and greeting cards during her time. Many of her paintings were used as illustrations in gardening books, such as \"Gardens of England\" (1908) and \"The Charm of Gardens\" (1910). Parsons' work caught the attention of royals and aristocrats. Queen Mary purchased over 30 of her paintings, and some were bought by the Duchess of Westminster and the Duchess of Harewood. She painted gardens for Lord and Lady Hillingdon at Overstrand Hall, and was invited every year between 1921 and 1929 to Blickling Hall to paint the gardens there."], "answer": {"text": "Emile Doumerque, Eugene Choisy, and Henri Hauser.", "answer_start": 281}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Talcott Parsons attend Heidelberg?", "answer": {"text": "Parsons went on to the University of Heidelberg, where he received his Ph.D. in sociology and economics in 1927.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his best work?", "answer": {"text": "Parsons read extensively in religious literature, especially works focusing on the sociology of religion.", "answer_start": 11, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why was sociology of religion so important?", "answer": {"text": "One scholar who became especially important for Parsons was Ernst D. Troeltsch (1865-1923). Parsons also read widely on Calvinism.", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did he concentrate so much on religious literature?", "answer": {"text": "Parsons read extensively in religious literature,", "answer_start": 11, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_ab92a75f5f3a4a148de4dbd875bae151_0_q#5", "question": "Did he write about any of them?", "rewrite": "Did Talcott Parsons write about any of religious teacher?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Alchip Alchip is a fabless semiconductor company founded in 2003 and headquartered in Taipei, Taiwan. Alchip specializes in the design and manufacture of digital CMOS ASICs. Alchip's headquarters is in Taipei, Taiwan. Alchip also has locations in Santa Clara, California, Shin-Yokohama, Japan, Shanghai/ Wuxi/Hefei, China, Hsinchu, Taiwan, and Seoul, Korea. In April 2002 Cadence acquired Simplex Solutions, an ASIC design services company. Alchip was founded six months later by Kinying Kwan and other former Simplex employees as a fabless ASIC supplier. Simplex Solutions had gained notoriety for designing the graphics ASIC for Sony's PS2 game console. Sony became an important customer of Alchip as well. In 2006 80% of Alchip's revenues were from Japan, and most of that was from Sony. In September 2008 Alchip's relationship with Sony took another step forward when it was announced that it would partner with Sony's microelectronics to provide packaging solutions for Alchip's customer's ASICs. Over the past decade, Alchip has received investments from several tech heavyweights, including Global Future Group, Investar, AcerVC, Cisco Systems, C2Capital, and notably Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), the biggest contract chipmaker in the world, owns a 20% stake in the firm. On December 23, 2010, Alchip went public and was listed on the Taiwan Emergent Market under the stock ticker number 3661. On October 28, 2014, Alchip debuted on the Taiwan Stock Exchange's main market. This move opened Alchip to institutional and private investors and boosted its profile within the industry.", "Differentiation (sociology) \"Differentiation\" is a term in system theory. From the viewpoint of this theory, the principal feature of modern society is the increased process of system differentiation as a way of dealing with the complexity of its environment. This is accomplished through the creation of subsystems in an effort to copy within a system the difference between it and the environment. The differentiation process is a means of increasing the complexity of a system, since each subsystem can make different connections with other subsystems. It allows for more variation within the system in order to respond to variation in the environment. Increased variation facilitated by differentiation not only allows for better responses to the environment, but also allows for faster evolution (or perhaps sociocultural evolution), which is defined sociologically as a process of selection from variation; the more differentiation (and thus variation) that is available, the better the selection. Talcott Parsons was the first major theorist to develop a theory of society consisting of functionally defined sub-system, which emerges from an evolutionary point of view through a cybernetic process of differentiation. Niklas Luhmann, who studied under Talcott Parsons, took the latter's model and changed it in significant ways. Parsons regarded society as the combined activities of its subsystems within the logic of a cybernetic hierarchy. For Parsons, although each subsystem (e.g. his classical quadripartite AGIL scheme or AGIL paradigm) would tend to have self-referential tendencies and follow a related path of structural differentiation, it would occur in a constant interpenetrative communication with the other subsystems and the historical equilibrium between the interpenetrative balance between various subsystem would termine the relative degree in which the structural differentiation between subsystem would occur or not.", "Robert N. Bellah Robert Neelly Bellah (1927\u20132013) was an American sociologist and the Elliott Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was internationally known for his work related to the sociology of religion. Bellah graduated \"summa cum laude\" from Harvard College in 1950, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in social relations with a concentration in social anthropology. His undergraduate honors thesis won the Phi Beta Kappa Prize and was later published in 1952 with the title \"Apache Kinship Systems\". Bellah graduated from Harvard in a joint sociology and Far East languages program, with Talcott Parsons and John Pelzel as his advisors, respectively. Bellah first encountered the work of Talcott Parsons as an undergraduate when his senior honors thesis advisor was David Aberle, a former student of Parsons. Parsons was specially interested in Bellah's concept of religious evolution and the concept of \"civil religion\". They remained intellectual friends until Parsons' death in 1979. He received his Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1955. His doctoral dissertation was titled \"Religion and Society in Tokugawa Japan\" and was an extension of Max Weber's Protestant ethic thesis to Japan. It was published as \"Tokugawa Religion\" in 1957. While an undergraduate at Harvard, Bellah was a member of the Communist Party USA from 1947 to 1949 and a chairman of the John Reed Club, \"a recognized student organization concerned with the study of Marxism\". During the summer of 1954, Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard McGeorge Bundy, who later served as a national security adviser to John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, threatened to withdraw Bellah's graduate student fellowship if he did not provide the names of his former club associates. Bellah was also interrogated by the Boston office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation with the same purpose.", "(Editor with Victor Lidz): \"Rationality in the Social Sciences: The Schumpeter-Parsons Seminar 1939-40 and Current Perspectives\". Cham: Springer International Publishing 2018. (Editor with Victor M. Lidz): Talcott Parsons and Winston White: \"Values of American Society. Manuscripts from the American Society Project I\". With an Introduction by Victor Lidz and Helmut Staubmann. Vienna: LIT 2016. (Editor) \" The Rolling Stones \u2013 Sociological Perspectives\". Lanham: Lexington Books 2013 (Editor with Victor M. Lidz): Talcott Parsons: \"Actor, Situation and Normative Pattern. An Essay in the Theory of Social Action. \" Vienna: LIT (Distributed in North America by Transaction Publishers) 2010 (Editor) \"Action Theory: Methodological Studies\". Vienna: LIT (Distributed in North America by Transaction Publishers) 2006 (Editor with Alan Scott): Georg Simmel: \" Rembrandt: An Essay in the Philosophy of Art.\" (Translated, Edited and with an Introduction by Helmut Staubmann und Alan Scott) New York: Routledge 2005 http://www.helmut-staubmann.info https://www.uibk.ac.at/soziologie/team/index.html.en", "The midrange approach was developed by Robert Merton as a departure from the general social theorizing of Talcott Parsons. Merton agreed with Parsons that a narrow empiricism consisting entirely of simple statistical or observational regularities cannot arrive at successful theory. However, he found that Parsons' \"formulations were remote from providing a problematics and a direction for theory-oriented empirical inquiry into the observable worlds of culture and society\". He was thus directly opposed to the abstract theorizing of scholars who are engaged in the attempt to construct a total theoretical system covering all aspects of social life. With the introduction of the middle-range theory programme, he advocated that sociologists should concentrate on measurable aspects of social reality that can be studied as separate social phenomena, rather than attempting to explain the entire social world. He saw both the middle-range theory approach and middle-range theories themselves as temporary: when they matured, as natural sciences already had, the body of middle-range theories would become a system of universal laws; but, until that time, social sciences should avoid trying to create a universal theory. Merton's original foil in the construction was Talcott Parsons, whose action theory C. Wright Mills later classified as a \"grand theory\". (Parsons vehemently rejected this categorization.) Middle-range theories are normally constructed by applying theory-building techniques to empirical research, which produce generic propositions about the social world, which in turn can also be empirically tested. Examples of middle-range theories are theories of reference groups, social mobility, normalization processes, role conflict and the formation of social norms. The middle-range approach has played a role in turning sociology into an increasingly empirically oriented discipline. This was also important in post-war thought."], "answer": {"text": "Parsons later wrote a review article on von Schelting's", "answer_start": 1768}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Talcott Parsons attend Heidelberg?", "answer": {"text": "Parsons went on to the University of Heidelberg, where he received his Ph.D. in sociology and economics in 1927.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his best work?", "answer": {"text": "Parsons read extensively in religious literature, especially works focusing on the sociology of religion.", "answer_start": 11, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why was sociology of religion so important?", "answer": {"text": "One scholar who became especially important for Parsons was Ernst D. Troeltsch (1865-1923). Parsons also read widely on Calvinism.", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did he concentrate so much on religious literature?", "answer": {"text": "Parsons read extensively in religious literature,", "answer_start": 11, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Who were some of his preferred teachers in religious literature?", "answer": {"text": "Emile Doumerque, Eugene Choisy, and Henri Hauser.", "answer_start": 281, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_776fb8c15c1f4ac381de56fe858c926f_0_q#0", "question": "Why did andy move to dublin?", "rewrite": "Why did andy move to dublin?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Coat of Arms (album) Coat of Arms is the fifth studio album by Swedish power metal band Sabaton. Singer Joakim Brod\u00e9n will often shout \"Let's see a Coat of Arms\" in reference to the popular gesture, the Sign of the horns. All music by Joakim Brod\u00e9n and all lyrics by Brod\u00e9n and P\u00e4r Sundstr\u00f6m (except lyrics on \"Saboteurs\" and \"Midway\" by Sundstr\u00f6m only and lyrics on \"Metal Ripper\" and \"Wehrmacht\" by Brod\u00e9n only).", "CNN remarked that \"the story weaves through differing points of view in a skillful mix of observation, narration and well-crafted dialogue that illuminates both character and plot with fascinating style\", and David Orr of \"The New York Times\" found that \"All of his hundreds of characters have grace notes of history and personality that advance a plot line. Every town has an elaborately recalled series of triumphs and troubles. \" Salon.com's Andrew Leonard \"couldn't stop reading Martin because my desire to know what was going to happen combined with my absolute inability to guess what would happen and left me helpless before his sorcery. At the end, I felt shaken and exhausted.\" \"The Christian Science Monitor\" advised reading the novels with an \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" encyclopedia at hand to \"catch all the layered, subtle hints and details that [Martin] leaves throughout his books. If you pay attention, you will be rewarded and questions will be answered.\" Among the most critical voices were Sam Jordison and Michael Hann, both of \"The Guardian\". Jordison detailed his misgivings about \"A Game of Thrones\" in a 2009 review and summarized \"It's daft. It's unsophisticated. It's cartoonish. And yet, I couldn't stop reading ... Archaic absurdity aside, Martin's writing is excellent. His dialogue is snappy and frequently funny. His descriptive prose is immediate and atmospheric, especially when it comes to building a sense of deliciously dark foreboding [of the long impending winter].", "The Suitcase Kid The Suitcase Kid is a children's novel written by Jacqueline Wilson and illustrated by Nick Sharratt. The story focuses upon a young girl, Andy, caught between her warring parents' bitter divorce, and the determination Andy has to get her parents back together (as is common amongst children whose parents are divorcing). However, as the story proceeds, Andy realizes that she has to accept that her parents will not reunite and that she must move on like they did. Andrea West, known as Andy in the story, is a tall, awkward and fiesty ten-year-old whose parents have recently divorced. Andy cannot choose between living with her Mum and her new family, or her Dad and his new family, so the social worker suggests she lives one week with Mum and one week with Dad. This leads to Andy feeling as if she lives out of a suitcase. Her mother has remarried a man called Bill, (whom Andy calls \"Bill the Baboon\"). Andy has a strong dislike for him, as well as his other three children (especially Katie, a spiteful girl five days older than Andy, who Andy is forced to share a bedroom with and calls Andy \"Andy Pandy\"). Her father has remarried Carrie, who has twins Zen and Crystal and is pregnant with her dad's new baby. Andy doesn't mind Carrie and her kids as much as she does Bill and his, but she still wishes she could have her dad to herself. Throughout the book, Andy wishes that her parents would get back together and move back into their previous little house, named Mulberry Cottage. Andy loses focus at school, getting poorer results, and loses touch with her previous best friend, Aileen. As she becomes more and more isolated, she draws comfort from her spotted Sylvanian Families rabbit, Radish, often playing imaginary games with her.", "In the 28th minute, Aidan O'Shea put the ball in the Dublin net but was penalised for fouling Dublin's Jonny Cooper. No Dublin player scored until the 31st minute when Rock tapped over a free. Dublin's first point from play came as the half concluded. It was by Paddy Andrews, who had replaced McCarthy, and Andrews's point was swiftly followed by another from him. These were Dublin's only scores from play in the first half. A single point from Jason Doherty wrapped up the first half with Dublin leading by five points. Andy Moran opened the scoring in the second half, starting a run of five successive points for Mayo. Further points by Patrick Durcan and O'Connor levelled the match on 45 minutes. Brian Fenton and Rock pushed Dublin ahead, but by the 61st minute the game was again level, with Alan Dillon equalising to bring the scoreline to Dublin 2\u20136 Mayo 0\u201312 . A string of three points by John Small, Rock and Diarmuid Connolly towards the end of normal time meant that Dublin were leading by two points. Seven minutes of additional time were announced just before the end of normal time, though ultimately more than that was played. Vaughan's point on 70+2 minutes and O'Connor's kick in the final minute set the final up for a replay. The final score was unusual for a drawn match in that, taking own goals into account, 21 of the 30 points were scored by players of one team. By the 6th minute, Dublin had stormed ahead and led by four points through Dean Rock and Kevin McManamon. Mayo came back with points from Patrick Durcan, Cillian O'Connor and Andy Moran to tie the game. Two free kicks by Rock gave Dublin back the lead but was undone when Mayo's Lee Keegan scored the first goal of the match from .", "Metal Cr\u00fce \"Metal Cr\u00fce\" is a song by the Swedish power metal band Sabaton, from their 2006 album, \"Attero Dominatus\". The song is a tribute to heavy metal and hard rock bands that have inspired Sabaton. Other songs by the band called \"Metal Machine\" and \"Metal Ripper\" are tributes to famous metal songs and lyrics, rather than bands. Bands in the song:"], "answer": {"text": "when his two-year contract with the BBC's 'Rep' ended,", "answer_start": 9}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_776fb8c15c1f4ac381de56fe858c926f_0_q#1", "question": "What songs did he release?", "rewrite": "What songs did Irvine release?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Route B heads along Jamboree Road before continuing through Main Street and Michelson Drive. The remaining two lines, Route C and Route D, offer connections between the Irvine Station and the Irvine Spectrum Area, which includes major employers, the Irvine Spectrum Center, and residential communities The Park and The Village. Route C follows Irvine Center Drive and ends at the Capital Group campus, while Route D serves the Irvine Spectrum Center, Kaiser Permanente \u2013 Irvine Medical Center, and Hoag Hospital Irvine. Irvine is served by commuter rail to Los Angeles, San Diego, Riverside, and San Bernardino counties at both the Irvine and Tustin stations of the Metrolink Orange County Line and the IE-OC Line. OCTA is currently implementing a major service increase on the Orange County line, with trains approximately every 30 minutes during weekday commuting hours. Amtrak trains run approximately every 60 to 90 minutes all days of the week along the Pacific Surfliner route between San Diego and Los Angeles. Amtrak trains stop only at Irvine station, unlike Metrolink, which stops at both Irvine and Tustin station. Rail2Rail monthly passes allow commuters to use both Metrolink and Amtrak services, standard tickets are specific to a single operator. A four-story parking structure was recently completed at the Irvine station as part of a station renovation. At one time Irvine intended to build a tram / guideway, but in February 2009 the city of Irvine canceled the project. Initially plans were underway to connect the Orange County Great Park to the Irvine Spectrum Center and surrounding businesses with a fixed-route transit system, also stopping at the Irvine Transportation Center (Irvine Station). In 2008, two possible routes were selected, but neither will be developed now. The entire $128 million in funding will be returned to the Measure M fund, and be available for other cities in Orange County.", "Old Town Irvine Old Town Irvine was designated a California Historic Landmark (No.1004) on November 11, 1991. Old Town Irvine is in the city of Irvine, California in Orange County A Historic marker is at 14980 Sand Canyon Avenue, Irvine. The marker is to remember the founding the City of Town Irvine in 1887. The town of Irvine started as a train stop for the Santa Fe Railroad in 1889, where barley warehouse was built. At the time of founding the town was called Myford, California. Myford was the youngest son of James H. Irvine, who the town would be renamed after. James Irvine called the new town Myford, as at the time there was an City of Irvine in Calaveras County in Northern California. Myford was renamed Irvine in 1914, as the Northern California town changed its name to Carson Hill. The 125,000-acre Irvine Ranch was the largest employer in the town for years, a very busy place during harvest time. The town had a school, general store, blacksmith shop, diner, and a hotel for seasonal workers, all around Central Avenue and the train station. The Ranch lost its place as the center of town in the 1960s, with the housing boom and a new town center was built up. The old parts of Irvine became run down and renamed East Irvine. Irvine incorporation as a city in 1971. Much of the old Ranch in East Irvine was abandoned or taken down. Central Avenue was renamed Sand Canyon Ave, which became a main highway. The 1980 plan to make Sand Canyon Ave wider threaten some of the Historic Landmarks in Irvine. A Historic Preservation Committee was formed and the town worked to save Old Town Irvine. The City of Irvine working with the Sand Canyon Historical Partners and the Irvine Historical Society, they came up with a plan to reuse some of the old buildings. Historic buildings in Old Town Irvine restored: Marker at the site reads:", "Between the time of James Irvine I's death in 1886 and James Irvine II's inheritance of the Southern California real estate holdings upon his twenty-fifth birthday in 1892, the properties were supervised by James Irvine I's brother, George Irvine. James II bought out Flint and the other partners, and formed the Irvine Company. He married Frances Anita Plum in 1892, and they had three children, \"Jase\", James Harvey Irvine Jr. (1894\u20131935), Katharine Helena Irvine (1894\u20131920) and Myford Plum Irvine (1898\u20131959). In 1931, James II married Mrs. Kathryn Brown White, who died in 1950. James II lived in San Francisco until the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, when he relocated to the Irvine Ranch. He was a member of the Bohemian Club, and kept a residence in San Francisco, at 2421 Pierce Street. He established the James Irvine Foundation in 1937, an entity dedicated to the \"general well-being of the citizens and residents of the state of California.\" James II owned nearly a third of the land in present-day Orange County. The city of Irvine (formerly Myford) is named after him. He died of Bright's disease in 1947. James Harvey Irvine, Jr. (1894\u20131935) was groomed since a young man to take over the Ranch. He married Madeline Agassiz in 1914, but they were divorced in 1928. He married Athalie Richardson (1903\u20131993) in 1929, and they had one daughter, Athalie Anita \"Joan\" Irvine (1933\u2013 ). When James Irvine III died of tuberculosis in 1935, James II set up the James Irvine Foundation, a charitable organization to hold controlling stock in the Irvine Company. When James II died in 1947, Myford Plum Irvine (1898\u20131959), James II's only surviving child, took over the presidency of the Irvine Company.", "Irvine's tourism information is coordinated through the \"Destination Irvine\" program run by the Chamber of Commerce. The program provides information on Irvine as a place to vacation and as a destination for meetings, events and other business initiatives. Irvine has been rated one of the top cities for start-up businesses and its strong, fast-growing economy helped place Orange County as one of the top ten fastest growing job markets. Irvine is also used as a location for film projects. The city government grants free or low-cost filming permits and offers location information to prospective productions. The following companies are headquartered in Irvine: The following international companies have their North American headquarters in Irvine: As of 2018-19, the top employers in the city were: Every October, Irvine hosts the Irvine Global Village Festival to celebrate the diversity among the citizens of Irvine and Orange County. The festival consists of exhibits from local merchants, entertainment from diverse cultures, and sampling of foods from various regions of the world. The event used to be held at Colonel Bill Barber Marine Corps Memorial Park but has since then been moved to the Orange County Great Park. The Irvine Community Television (ICTV) produces and broadcasts television programs on news, sports, arts, culture, safety for the Irvine community. The motto of ICTV is \"For You, About You\". ICTV airs on Cox Communications channel 30 and online. According to the Internet Movie Database (IMDb), the following productions have either been partially or entirely filmed in Irvine: Irvine has three public libraries: Heritage Park Regional Library, University Park Library, and Katie Wheeler Library. The Heritage Library serves as the regional reference library for Central Orange County and has a strong business and art focus while the University Park Library has 95,745 books, including a substantial Chinese collection. Katie Wheeler was the granddaughter of James Irvine, and the library is a replica of the house owned by Irvine in which she grew up.", "The city of Irvine, whose citizens officially incorporated it in 1971, grew around the campus. By the late 1970s, the Irvine Company had ceased its cattle business. In 1977, real estate developer Donald Bren began buying Irvine Company shares from the Irvine family. With the Irvine Company's cattle operations finished, the Irvine Company sold the Bommer Canyon area to the City of Irvine between 1981 and 1982. The City of Irvine purchased the land with grants obtained from the 1974 California Bond Act. By 1983, Bren was the majority owner of the Irvine Company. By 1996, he had purchased all outstanding shares to be the sole owner of the Irvine Company. The Irvine Company develops suburban master-planned communities throughout central and southern Orange County, in addition to residential buildings in Santa Monica, Silicon Valley, and San Diego County. The company also owns and manages office buildings in Milpitas, San Jose, Sunnyvale, Downtown San Diego, Mission Valley, San Diego, La Jolla Village/University City, Sorrento Mesa, Del Mar Heights, Newport Center, UCI locations, West Los Angeles, Pasadena, Chicago, and New York City. Donald Bren is its Chairman and sole shareholder. The Irvine Ranch remains the core holding of The Irvine Company. Of the total ranch area, is retained for development whilst the remainder are preserved as wilderness and recreational preserves collectively known as the Irvine Ranch Natural Landmarks. In August 2014, the Irvine Company announced plans to donate and preserve 2,500 additional acres of land previously approved for housing. The Ranch encompasses almost one fifth of Orange County, from the Pacific Ocean and Newport Harbor, Laguna Beach, and Santa Ana Canyon, to the boundary of the Cleveland National Forest. In part because of its land preservation grants, in 2018 The Irvine Company was named Business Philanthropist of the Year by the Greater Irvine Chamber of Commerce."], "answer": {"text": "\"O'Donoghue's", "answer_start": 200}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did andy move to dublin?", "answer": {"text": "when his two-year contract with the BBC's 'Rep' ended,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_776fb8c15c1f4ac381de56fe858c926f_0_q#2", "question": "Can you give me some information?", "rewrite": "Can you give me some information?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Information culture Information culture is closely linked with Information Technology, Information Systems and the digital world. It is difficult to give one definition of Information Culture and many approaches exist. The literature regarding Information Culture focuses on the relationship between individuals and information in their work. Curry and Moore are most frequently cited in the Information Culture literature, and there is consensus of that values accorded to information, and attitudes towards it are indicators of Information Culture (McMillan et al., 2012; Curry and Moore, 2003; Furness, 2010; Oliver, 2007; Davenport and Prusak, 1997; Wid\u00e9n-Wulff, 2000; Jarvenpaa and Staples, 2001). Information Culture is a culture that is conducive to effective information management where \"the value and utility of information in achieving operational and strategic goals is recognized, where information forms the basis of organizational decision making and Information Technology is readily exploited as an enabler for effective information systems\". Information Culture is a part of the whole Organizational culture. It is only by understanding the organisation that progress can be made with information management activities. Ginman defines Information Culture as the culture in which the transformation of intellectual resources is maintained alongside the transformation of material resources. Information Culture is the environment where knowledge is produced with social intelligence, social interaction and work knowledge. Multinational organizations (MNOs) are characterized by their engagement in global markets (Umanath & Campbell, 1994). In order to remain competitive in today's global marketplace. In many organizations Information Culture is described as a form of Information Technology. As Davenport writes, many executives think they solve all information problems with buying IT-equipment. Information Culture is about effective information management to use information, not machines, and Information Technology is just a part of Information Culture, which has an interactive role in it.", "McCain reached H\u1ecfa L\u00f2 in as bad a physical condition as any prisoner during the war. His captors refused to give him medical care unless he gave them military information; they beat and interrogated him, but McCain only offered his name, rank, serial number, and date of birth (the only information he was required to provide under the Geneva Conventions and permitted to give under the U.S. Code of Conduct). Soon thinking he was near death, McCain said he would give them more information if taken to the hospital, hoping he could then put his interrogators off once he was treated. A prison doctor came and said it was too late, as McCain was about to die anyway. Only when the North Vietnamese discovered that his father was a high-ranking admiral did they give him medical care, calling him \"the crown prince\". Two days after McCain's plane went down, that event and his status as a POW made the front pages of \"The New York Times\" and \"The Washington Post\". Interrogation and beatings resumed in the hospital; McCain gave the North Vietnamese his ship's name, squadron's name, and the attack's intended target. This information, along with personal details of McCain's life and purported statements by McCain about the war's progress, would appear over the next two weeks in the North Vietnamese official newspaper \"Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n\" as well as in dispatches from outlets such as the Cuban news agency Prensa Latina. Disclosing the military information was in violation of the Code of Conduct, which McCain later wrote he regretted, although he saw the information as being of no practical use to the North Vietnamese.", "But Bayes' theorem always depended on prior probabilities, to generate new probabilities. It was unclear where these prior probabilities should come from. Ray Solomonoff developed algorithmic probability which gave an explanation for what randomness is and how patterns in the data may be represented by computer programs, that give shorter representations of the data circa 1964. Chris Wallace and D. M. Boulton developed minimum message length circa 1968. Later Jorma Rissanen developed the minimum description length circa 1978. These methods allow information theory to be related to probability, in a way that can be compared to the application of Bayes' theorem, but which give a source and explanation for the role of prior probabilities. Marcus Hutter combined decision theory with the work of Ray Solomonoff and Andrey Kolmogorov to give a theory for the Pareto optimal behavior for an Intelligent agent, circa 1998. The program with the shortest length that matches the data is the most likely to predict future data. This is the thesis behind the minimum message length and minimum description length methods. At first sight Bayes' theorem appears different from the minimimum message/description length principle. At closer inspection it turns out to be the same. Bayes' theorem is about conditional probabilities, and states the probability that event \"B\" happens if firstly event \"A\" happens: becomes in terms of message length \"L\", This means that if all the information is given describing an event then the length of the information may be used to give the raw probability of the event. So if the information describing the occurrence of \"A\" is given, along with the information describing \"B\" given \"A\", then all the information describing \"A\" and \"B\" has been given. Overfitting occurs when the model matches the random noise and not the pattern in the data.", "The section does not apply to the privilege against self-incrimination. Section 68 protects the identity of the sources of journalists in cases where journalists promise not to disclose their identity. The starting point is that the journalist cannot be compelled to reveal the identity of the source. However, a Judge of the High Court may order that the identity be revealed if satisfied that the public interest in doing this outweighs any likely adverse effect on the source or others as well as the public interest in the ability of the news media to communicate facts and opinions to the public. Section 69 confers a general discretion on the Judge to protect confidential communications or information from disclosure in a proceeding. To do this, the Judge must be of the view that the public interest in disclosing the information is outweighed by the public interest in preventing harm to persons affected by, or involved in obtaining, communicating, or receiving, the confidential information, or by the public interest in preventing harm to relationships of confidentiality, or by the public interest in maintaining the free flow of information. The section sets out a number of factors to which the Judge must have regard in balancing the interest of disclosure in proceedings against the interests in confidentiality. Section 70 confers a discretion on a Judge to direct that matters of State not be disclosed if justified in the public interest. The section clarifies that matters of State include information that may need protection for reasons recognised by the Official Information Act 1982. Section 71 sets out the general rule governing the eligibility and compellability of witnesses to give evidence. In general, any person is eligible to give evidence in a civil or criminal proceeding and can be compelled to give that evidence. Section 72 to 75 set out a number of exceptions to the general rule. Section 72 provides that a person acting as a Judge in a proceeding is not eligible to give evidence in that proceeding.", "Wilson's model of information behavior Wilson's model of information seeking behaviour was born out of a need to focus the field of information and library science on human use of information, rather than the use of information systems and sources. Previous studies undertaken in the field were primarily concerned with systems, specifically, how an individual uses a system. Very little had been written that examined an individual's information needs, or how information seeking behaviour related to other task-oriented behaviours. Thomas D. Wilson's first model had its origins in a presentation at the University of Maryland in 1971 when \"an attempt was made to map the processes involved in what was known at the time as \"user need research\". Published in 1981, Wilson's first model outlined the factors leading to information seeking, and the barriers inhibiting action. It stated that information-seeking was prompted by an individual's physiological, cognitive, or affective needs, which have their roots in personal factors, role demands, or environmental context. In order to satisfy these needs, an individual makes demands upon a system by acting as an intermediary, or through the use of technology. The information provided by the system is then evaluated to determine if it satisfies the individual's needs. This first model was based on an understanding of human information seeking behaviors that are best understood as three interwoven frameworks: The user, the information system, and the information resource. Wilson later built upon his original model in order to understand the personal circumstance, social role, and environmental context in which an information need is created. This new model, altered in 1994 incorporated Ellis' stages of information-seeking: starting, browsing, differentiating, monitoring, extracting, verifying and ending. It also displayed the physiological, affective, and cognitive needs that give rise to information seeking behaviour."], "answer": {"text": "However, he very quickly noticed that a burgeoning folk scene was emerging, centred around the Baggot Street-Merrion quarter of Dublin's city centre.", "answer_start": 866}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did andy move to dublin?", "answer": {"text": "when his two-year contract with the BBC's 'Rep' ended,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs did he release?", "answer": {"text": "\"O'Donoghue's", "answer_start": 200, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_776fb8c15c1f4ac381de56fe858c926f_0_q#4", "question": "Who did he meet?", "rewrite": "Who did Irvine meet?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Between the time of James Irvine I's death in 1886 and James Irvine II's inheritance of the Southern California real estate holdings upon his twenty-fifth birthday in 1892, the properties were supervised by James Irvine I's brother, George Irvine. James II bought out Flint and the other partners, and formed the Irvine Company. He married Frances Anita Plum in 1892, and they had three children, \"Jase\", James Harvey Irvine Jr. (1894\u20131935), Katharine Helena Irvine (1894\u20131920) and Myford Plum Irvine (1898\u20131959). In 1931, James II married Mrs. Kathryn Brown White, who died in 1950. James II lived in San Francisco until the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, when he relocated to the Irvine Ranch. He was a member of the Bohemian Club, and kept a residence in San Francisco, at 2421 Pierce Street. He established the James Irvine Foundation in 1937, an entity dedicated to the \"general well-being of the citizens and residents of the state of California.\" James II owned nearly a third of the land in present-day Orange County. The city of Irvine (formerly Myford) is named after him. He died of Bright's disease in 1947. James Harvey Irvine, Jr. (1894\u20131935) was groomed since a young man to take over the Ranch. He married Madeline Agassiz in 1914, but they were divorced in 1928. He married Athalie Richardson (1903\u20131993) in 1929, and they had one daughter, Athalie Anita \"Joan\" Irvine (1933\u2013 ). When James Irvine III died of tuberculosis in 1935, James II set up the James Irvine Foundation, a charitable organization to hold controlling stock in the Irvine Company. When James II died in 1947, Myford Plum Irvine (1898\u20131959), James II's only surviving child, took over the presidency of the Irvine Company.", "Steven R. Smith Steven R. Smith is an American musician, instrument-builder, and printmaker often associated with the Jewelled Antler collective. Born in Fullerton, California and based in San Francisco and, more recently, Los Angeles, he has been musically active since the mid-1990s. His main instrument is guitar, both acoustic and electric, although other instruments, including the hurdy-gurdy, bouzouki, fretted spike fiddles, and assorted ethnic instruments, have been incorporated into his work. Smith\u2019s music tends to range from dense, orchestrated pieces to sparse solo excursions on electric guitar and is improvised as often as composed. His music has drawn elements from psychedelic rock, traditional folk music, soundtracks, free jazz, and modern composers, and tends to be contemplative and somewhat mournful. Some of his records feature elaborate packaging, woodcut and linocut prints, and handmade chapbooks. Throughout his career Smith has recorded for a number of independent labels such as Important Records, Soft Abuse, Catsup Plate, Root Strata, Immune Recordings, Last Visible Dog, Jewelled Antler, Darla Records, and Emperor Jones. In addition to his ongoing solo work, Smith has been a member of the instrumental psych-rock group Mirza; the improvisational group Thuja; Hala Strana, a project which focuses on the traditional music of Eastern Europe; and most recently Ulaan Passerine, Ulaan Markhor, and Ulaan Khol. Smith has occasionally appeared live with Mirza and Thuja, but he remains an elusive solo performer. steven r. smith hala strana ulaan passerine ulaan markhor ulaan khol thuja mirza", "Old Town Irvine Old Town Irvine was designated a California Historic Landmark (No.1004) on November 11, 1991. Old Town Irvine is in the city of Irvine, California in Orange County A Historic marker is at 14980 Sand Canyon Avenue, Irvine. The marker is to remember the founding the City of Town Irvine in 1887. The town of Irvine started as a train stop for the Santa Fe Railroad in 1889, where barley warehouse was built. At the time of founding the town was called Myford, California. Myford was the youngest son of James H. Irvine, who the town would be renamed after. James Irvine called the new town Myford, as at the time there was an City of Irvine in Calaveras County in Northern California. Myford was renamed Irvine in 1914, as the Northern California town changed its name to Carson Hill. The 125,000-acre Irvine Ranch was the largest employer in the town for years, a very busy place during harvest time. The town had a school, general store, blacksmith shop, diner, and a hotel for seasonal workers, all around Central Avenue and the train station. The Ranch lost its place as the center of town in the 1960s, with the housing boom and a new town center was built up. The old parts of Irvine became run down and renamed East Irvine. Irvine incorporation as a city in 1971. Much of the old Ranch in East Irvine was abandoned or taken down. Central Avenue was renamed Sand Canyon Ave, which became a main highway. The 1980 plan to make Sand Canyon Ave wider threaten some of the Historic Landmarks in Irvine. A Historic Preservation Committee was formed and the town worked to save Old Town Irvine. The City of Irvine working with the Sand Canyon Historical Partners and the Irvine Historical Society, they came up with a plan to reuse some of the old buildings. Historic buildings in Old Town Irvine restored: Marker at the site reads:", "Jon Bortey Noawy Jon Bortey Noawy (born 13 June 1939) is a Ghanaian footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1968 Summer Olympics.", "Waterson made her promotional debut against Angela Maga\u00f1a on July 12, 2015, at . She won the fight via submission in the third round. Waterson was next expected to meet Tecia Torres at UFC 194. However, she was forced to pull out of the bout on November 24, 2015, citing a knee injury. After over a year-and-a-half away from the sport due to injuries, Waterson returned in December 2016 to face Paige VanZant in the main event at UFC on Fox 22. She won the fight via technical submission due to a rear naked choke in the first round. The win also earned Waterson her first \"Performance of the Night\" bonus award. Waterson fought Rose Namajunas on April 15, 2017, at UFC on Fox 24. She lost via rear naked choke. Waterson faced Tecia Torres on December 2, 2017, at UFC 218. She lost the fight by unanimous decision. Waterson faced Cortney Casey at UFC on Fox 29 on April 14, 2018. She won the fight via split decision. Waterson next faced Felice Herrig on October 6, 2018, at UFC 229. She won the fight via unanimous decision. Waterson fought Karolina Kowalkiewicz at UFC on ESPN 2 on March 30, 2019. She won the fight via unanimous decision. Waterson faced Joanna J\u0119drzejczyk on October 12, 2019 at UFC on ESPN+ 19. She lost the fight via unanimous decision. Waterson is married to former U.S. Armed Forces amateur boxing champion Joshua Gomez. On September 16, 2010, Waterson announced that she was pregnant with her first child and recently engaged. She gave birth to a daughter named Araya on March 18, 2011. In 2008, Knockouts released a calendar featuring her."], "answer": {"text": "Ronnie Drew, Luke Kelly and Barney McKenna, who would later form The Dubliners.", "answer_start": 93}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did andy move to dublin?", "answer": {"text": "when his two-year contract with the BBC's 'Rep' ended,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs did he release?", "answer": {"text": "\"O'Donoghue's", "answer_start": 200, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Can you give me some information?", "answer": {"text": "However, he very quickly noticed that a burgeoning folk scene was emerging, centred around the Baggot Street-Merrion quarter of Dublin's city centre.", "answer_start": 866, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the burgeoning folk scene?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_776fb8c15c1f4ac381de56fe858c926f_0_q#5", "question": "What did he do at this time?", "rewrite": "What did Irvine do in 2004?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Route B heads along Jamboree Road before continuing through Main Street and Michelson Drive. The remaining two lines, Route C and Route D, offer connections between the Irvine Station and the Irvine Spectrum Area, which includes major employers, the Irvine Spectrum Center, and residential communities The Park and The Village. Route C follows Irvine Center Drive and ends at the Capital Group campus, while Route D serves the Irvine Spectrum Center, Kaiser Permanente \u2013 Irvine Medical Center, and Hoag Hospital Irvine. Irvine is served by commuter rail to Los Angeles, San Diego, Riverside, and San Bernardino counties at both the Irvine and Tustin stations of the Metrolink Orange County Line and the IE-OC Line. OCTA is currently implementing a major service increase on the Orange County line, with trains approximately every 30 minutes during weekday commuting hours. Amtrak trains run approximately every 60 to 90 minutes all days of the week along the Pacific Surfliner route between San Diego and Los Angeles. Amtrak trains stop only at Irvine station, unlike Metrolink, which stops at both Irvine and Tustin station. Rail2Rail monthly passes allow commuters to use both Metrolink and Amtrak services, standard tickets are specific to a single operator. A four-story parking structure was recently completed at the Irvine station as part of a station renovation. At one time Irvine intended to build a tram / guideway, but in February 2009 the city of Irvine canceled the project. Initially plans were underway to connect the Orange County Great Park to the Irvine Spectrum Center and surrounding businesses with a fixed-route transit system, also stopping at the Irvine Transportation Center (Irvine Station). In 2008, two possible routes were selected, but neither will be developed now. The entire $128 million in funding will be returned to the Measure M fund, and be available for other cities in Orange County.", "The city of Irvine, whose citizens officially incorporated it in 1971, grew around the campus. By the late 1970s, the Irvine Company had ceased its cattle business. In 1977, real estate developer Donald Bren began buying Irvine Company shares from the Irvine family. With the Irvine Company's cattle operations finished, the Irvine Company sold the Bommer Canyon area to the City of Irvine between 1981 and 1982. The City of Irvine purchased the land with grants obtained from the 1974 California Bond Act. By 1983, Bren was the majority owner of the Irvine Company. By 1996, he had purchased all outstanding shares to be the sole owner of the Irvine Company. The Irvine Company develops suburban master-planned communities throughout central and southern Orange County, in addition to residential buildings in Santa Monica, Silicon Valley, and San Diego County. The company also owns and manages office buildings in Milpitas, San Jose, Sunnyvale, Downtown San Diego, Mission Valley, San Diego, La Jolla Village/University City, Sorrento Mesa, Del Mar Heights, Newport Center, UCI locations, West Los Angeles, Pasadena, Chicago, and New York City. Donald Bren is its Chairman and sole shareholder. The Irvine Ranch remains the core holding of The Irvine Company. Of the total ranch area, is retained for development whilst the remainder are preserved as wilderness and recreational preserves collectively known as the Irvine Ranch Natural Landmarks. In August 2014, the Irvine Company announced plans to donate and preserve 2,500 additional acres of land previously approved for housing. The Ranch encompasses almost one fifth of Orange County, from the Pacific Ocean and Newport Harbor, Laguna Beach, and Santa Ana Canyon, to the boundary of the Cleveland National Forest. In part because of its land preservation grants, in 2018 The Irvine Company was named Business Philanthropist of the Year by the Greater Irvine Chamber of Commerce.", "Between the time of James Irvine I's death in 1886 and James Irvine II's inheritance of the Southern California real estate holdings upon his twenty-fifth birthday in 1892, the properties were supervised by James Irvine I's brother, George Irvine. James II bought out Flint and the other partners, and formed the Irvine Company. He married Frances Anita Plum in 1892, and they had three children, \"Jase\", James Harvey Irvine Jr. (1894\u20131935), Katharine Helena Irvine (1894\u20131920) and Myford Plum Irvine (1898\u20131959). In 1931, James II married Mrs. Kathryn Brown White, who died in 1950. James II lived in San Francisco until the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, when he relocated to the Irvine Ranch. He was a member of the Bohemian Club, and kept a residence in San Francisco, at 2421 Pierce Street. He established the James Irvine Foundation in 1937, an entity dedicated to the \"general well-being of the citizens and residents of the state of California.\" James II owned nearly a third of the land in present-day Orange County. The city of Irvine (formerly Myford) is named after him. He died of Bright's disease in 1947. James Harvey Irvine, Jr. (1894\u20131935) was groomed since a young man to take over the Ranch. He married Madeline Agassiz in 1914, but they were divorced in 1928. He married Athalie Richardson (1903\u20131993) in 1929, and they had one daughter, Athalie Anita \"Joan\" Irvine (1933\u2013 ). When James Irvine III died of tuberculosis in 1935, James II set up the James Irvine Foundation, a charitable organization to hold controlling stock in the Irvine Company. When James II died in 1947, Myford Plum Irvine (1898\u20131959), James II's only surviving child, took over the presidency of the Irvine Company.", "Irvine's tourism information is coordinated through the \"Destination Irvine\" program run by the Chamber of Commerce. The program provides information on Irvine as a place to vacation and as a destination for meetings, events and other business initiatives. Irvine has been rated one of the top cities for start-up businesses and its strong, fast-growing economy helped place Orange County as one of the top ten fastest growing job markets. Irvine is also used as a location for film projects. The city government grants free or low-cost filming permits and offers location information to prospective productions. The following companies are headquartered in Irvine: The following international companies have their North American headquarters in Irvine: As of 2018-19, the top employers in the city were: Every October, Irvine hosts the Irvine Global Village Festival to celebrate the diversity among the citizens of Irvine and Orange County. The festival consists of exhibits from local merchants, entertainment from diverse cultures, and sampling of foods from various regions of the world. The event used to be held at Colonel Bill Barber Marine Corps Memorial Park but has since then been moved to the Orange County Great Park. The Irvine Community Television (ICTV) produces and broadcasts television programs on news, sports, arts, culture, safety for the Irvine community. The motto of ICTV is \"For You, About You\". ICTV airs on Cox Communications channel 30 and online. According to the Internet Movie Database (IMDb), the following productions have either been partially or entirely filmed in Irvine: Irvine has three public libraries: Heritage Park Regional Library, University Park Library, and Katie Wheeler Library. The Heritage Library serves as the regional reference library for Central Orange County and has a strong business and art focus while the University Park Library has 95,745 books, including a substantial Chinese collection. Katie Wheeler was the granddaughter of James Irvine, and the library is a replica of the house owned by Irvine in which she grew up.", "Old Town Irvine Old Town Irvine was designated a California Historic Landmark (No.1004) on November 11, 1991. Old Town Irvine is in the city of Irvine, California in Orange County A Historic marker is at 14980 Sand Canyon Avenue, Irvine. The marker is to remember the founding the City of Town Irvine in 1887. The town of Irvine started as a train stop for the Santa Fe Railroad in 1889, where barley warehouse was built. At the time of founding the town was called Myford, California. Myford was the youngest son of James H. Irvine, who the town would be renamed after. James Irvine called the new town Myford, as at the time there was an City of Irvine in Calaveras County in Northern California. Myford was renamed Irvine in 1914, as the Northern California town changed its name to Carson Hill. The 125,000-acre Irvine Ranch was the largest employer in the town for years, a very busy place during harvest time. The town had a school, general store, blacksmith shop, diner, and a hotel for seasonal workers, all around Central Avenue and the train station. The Ranch lost its place as the center of town in the 1960s, with the housing boom and a new town center was built up. The old parts of Irvine became run down and renamed East Irvine. Irvine incorporation as a city in 1971. Much of the old Ranch in East Irvine was abandoned or taken down. Central Avenue was renamed Sand Canyon Ave, which became a main highway. The 1980 plan to make Sand Canyon Ave wider threaten some of the Historic Landmarks in Irvine. A Historic Preservation Committee was formed and the town worked to save Old Town Irvine. The City of Irvine working with the Sand Canyon Historical Partners and the Irvine Historical Society, they came up with a plan to reuse some of the old buildings. Historic buildings in Old Town Irvine restored: Marker at the site reads:"], "answer": {"text": "spent many hours at the National Library, scouring old songbooks like the Child Ballads and Sam Henry's Songs of the People,", "answer_start": 1260}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did andy move to dublin?", "answer": {"text": "when his two-year contract with the BBC's 'Rep' ended,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs did he release?", "answer": {"text": "\"O'Donoghue's", "answer_start": 200, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Can you give me some information?", "answer": {"text": "However, he very quickly noticed that a burgeoning folk scene was emerging, centred around the Baggot Street-Merrion quarter of Dublin's city centre.", "answer_start": 866, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the burgeoning folk scene?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he meet?", "answer": {"text": "Ronnie Drew, Luke Kelly and Barney McKenna, who would later form The Dubliners.", "answer_start": 93, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_776fb8c15c1f4ac381de56fe858c926f_0_q#6", "question": "What else did he do with his time?", "rewrite": "Aside from spending many hours at the National Library, scouring old songbooks what else did Irvine do with his time?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["National Library of Norway The National Library of Norway () was established in 1989. Its principal task is \"to preserve the past for the future\". The library is located both in Oslo and in Mo i Rana. The building in Oslo was restored and reopened in 2005. Prior to the existence of the National Library, the University Library of Oslo was assigned the tasks that normally fall to a national library. The Norwegian ISBN Agency, responsible for assigning ISBNs with prefix 82- and 978-82-, is part of the National Library of Norway. The National Library is also responsible for legal deposits made from publishers in Norway. All material is to be submitted free of charge. On 15 August 2005, Norway opened a fully functioning national library for the first time in its history. This occurred exactly 100 years after Norway dissolved its union with Sweden. Although gaining independence in 1905 marked the peak of Norwegian nationalism, it took Norway a century to go from being a sovereign nation-state to establishing its own national library. The establishment of the national library evolved as a result of a lengthy political process. Since 1813, the University of Oslo Library had functioned as both a library for the university and a national library. In 1989, Norway established a repository in Rana in the northern part of the country as part of the national library, with a mandate to preserve everything published within the country in compliance with a revised version of the Legal Deposition Act. The University of Oslo Library retained its mandate to preserve historical and unique collections and to make all its collections available to the public. In 1999, these tasks were consolidated within a newly established branch of the national library in Oslo. Provisional arrangements were made for the period between 1999 and 2005, while the library building was being renovated. In 2005, the national library moved into a renovated building in Oslo, which marked the true beginning for this new national institution.", "Scouring pad A scouring pad or scourer is a small pad of metal or plastic mesh used for scouring a surface. Some scouring pads have one side made of a soft sponge-like material and the other is the aforementioned mesh. The scouring pad has been reincarnated in several forms over the years. In 1928, R. B. Kingman patented the scouring ball, which was one of the first scouring pads made of a metal mesh. On 30 September 1941, United States patent 2,257,456 was issued to Joseph R. Crockford of Chicago, IL for a scouring device of the type employed for \"cleansing and scouring pots, pans and other household implements. \" The invention provided for a \"plate of non-corrosive metal, arched or curved to fit the fingers.\" In 1942, David J. Kelman patented a toroidal metal scouring pad. This was, and still is, used as an abrasive scrubbing pad, however, it is becoming less common, as it removes non-stick surfaces off pans. In 1988, the first scouring pad made of out sponge material was patented by Hans J. Hartmann. This enabled the scouring pad to float. To achieve this, he used a technique to thread the metal mesh through the sponge and wrap it around the outside. This was meant to stop the scouring pad from dropping to the bottom of the sink. In 1973, the plastic needle surface (now more commonly used) was invented by Edward Mednick, who invented the new surface as a way of reducing the damage scouring pads did to non-stick surfaces. This technology and varieties thereon are what most scouring pads sold today are based upon. Using scouring pads on non-stick surfaces such as Teflon is not advisable as they may strip away the coating.", "In 1962, when his two-year contract with the BBC's 'Rep' ended, Irvine moved to Dublin and continued earning a living as an actor for a while, playing at The Olympia, The Gaiety, The Gate and The Eblana. He also performed at the Pike Theatre, where he played the role of Jerry as one of only two actors in Edward Albee's The Zoo Story, and where he also appeared as Tethra (the Irish god of war) in Moytura by Padraic Colum, during the Dublin Theatre Festival in 1963. In late 1963, he had a part in a few episodes of Down at Flannery's, a forerunner of the popular RTE soapTolka Row in which he appeared for five episodes in the role of Jim \"Beardie\" Toomey, the boyfriend of Laurie Morton's character, Peggy Kinnear. One of his last acting performances was at the Olympia Theatre on 28 September 1964 as Sir Peregrine in Sir Buccaneer, a musical by G.P. Gallivan. However, he very quickly noticed that a burgeoning folk scene was emerging, centred around the Baggot Street-Merrion quarter of Dublin's city centre. \"As soon as I found my feet there, I thought, 'That's it, goodbye acting!'\". After discovering Irish music through Seamus Ennis on Peter Kennedy's BBC programme As I Roved Out and through Ciaran Mac Mathuna on Raidio Eireann, Irvine studiously spent many hours at the National Library, scouring old songbooks like the Child Ballads and Sam Henry's Songs of the People, as well as A.L. Lloyd's Penguin Book of English Folk Songs. He also drew inspiration from Ewan MacColl, notably the songs he wrote for his radio-ballads.", "Bright College Years Bright College Years is one of the traditional songs of Yale University, and the university's unofficial but undisputed alma mater. It was written to the tune of \"Die Wacht am Rhein\" in 1881 by Henry Durand. In some old songbooks and publications, the song can be found under the name \"Dear Old Yale\", possibly a reference to the closing words of another popular Yale song, \"Neath the Elms\": \"Jolly, jolly are the days neath the elms of dear old Yale!\" During World War I and shortly afterward, \"Bright College Years\" was nearly banned for its German heritage. Yale men stationed in Paris sang it to the tune of \"La Marseillaise\". The Yale Glee Club, custodians of the Yale song tradition through publication of \"Songs of Yale\", traditionally closes every concert with the alma mater. At the end of The Game the Yale Precision Marching Band performs the song while the senior members of the band sing along. Various member parties in the Yale Political Union include \"Bright College Years\" in their toasting sessions and celebrations. In addition, the song is sung at the end of Class Day (held the day before University Commencement annually). White handkerchiefs are raised in the air and waved on the last line. Traditionally, only the first and third verses are sung, and the latest publication of \"Songs of Yale\" includes the lyrics of the second verse only in the appendix.", "The Victorian Kitchen Garden The Victorian Kitchen Garden is a 13-part British television series produced in 1987 by Keith Sheather for BBC2, based on an idea by Jennifer Davies who later became Associate Producer. It recreated a kitchen garden of the Victorian era at Leverton, Berkshire (near Chilton Foliat, Wiltshire). The presenter was the horticultural lecturer, Peter Thoday, the master gardener was Harry Dodson and the director was Keith Sheather. The theme music and soundtrack was composed by Paul Reade and performed principally by Emma Johnson playing the clarinet. It won the 1991 Ivor Novello award for best TV theme music. The series began in the largely derelict walled garden at Chilton Lodge, on a freezing January morning, and followed Harry and his assistant Alison as they recreated the working kitchen garden. The work involved many repairs, from replanting the box \"(Buxus)\" edging and replacing the gravel walks, to reglazing the cold frames and repairing the magnificent Victorian wood-framed, brick-based glass-houses. The team were determined to use plants that the Victorian head gardener would have had available, so there were many hours of scouring old and modern catalogues and many disappointments. However, the required plants were found eventually. The programme displayed the various tools and techniques of Victorian gardening, and this was where Harry came into his own. He had used many of both and therefore could produce many of the tools from various cobwebbed corners of the service buildings and demonstrate how they were used. The series was successful and spawned three sequels: Each of the series (except for \"The Wartime Kitchen and Garden\") is commercially available on DVD, distributed by Acorn Media UK. Accompanying books of all four series were written by the associate producer, Jennifer Davies, and published by BBC Books."], "answer": {"text": "Songs. He also drew inspiration from Ewan MacColl, notably the songs he wrote for his radio-ballads.", "answer_start": 1438}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did andy move to dublin?", "answer": {"text": "when his two-year contract with the BBC's 'Rep' ended,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs did he release?", "answer": {"text": "\"O'Donoghue's", "answer_start": 200, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Can you give me some information?", "answer": {"text": "However, he very quickly noticed that a burgeoning folk scene was emerging, centred around the Baggot Street-Merrion quarter of Dublin's city centre.", "answer_start": 866, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the burgeoning folk scene?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he meet?", "answer": {"text": "Ronnie Drew, Luke Kelly and Barney McKenna, who would later form The Dubliners.", "answer_start": 93, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What did he do at this time?", "answer": {"text": "spent many hours at the National Library, scouring old songbooks like the Child Ballads and Sam Henry's Songs of the People,", "answer_start": 1260, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_776fb8c15c1f4ac381de56fe858c926f_0_q#7", "question": "What songs did he write?", "rewrite": "What songs did Irvine write?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Old Town Irvine Old Town Irvine was designated a California Historic Landmark (No.1004) on November 11, 1991. Old Town Irvine is in the city of Irvine, California in Orange County A Historic marker is at 14980 Sand Canyon Avenue, Irvine. The marker is to remember the founding the City of Town Irvine in 1887. The town of Irvine started as a train stop for the Santa Fe Railroad in 1889, where barley warehouse was built. At the time of founding the town was called Myford, California. Myford was the youngest son of James H. Irvine, who the town would be renamed after. James Irvine called the new town Myford, as at the time there was an City of Irvine in Calaveras County in Northern California. Myford was renamed Irvine in 1914, as the Northern California town changed its name to Carson Hill. The 125,000-acre Irvine Ranch was the largest employer in the town for years, a very busy place during harvest time. The town had a school, general store, blacksmith shop, diner, and a hotel for seasonal workers, all around Central Avenue and the train station. The Ranch lost its place as the center of town in the 1960s, with the housing boom and a new town center was built up. The old parts of Irvine became run down and renamed East Irvine. Irvine incorporation as a city in 1971. Much of the old Ranch in East Irvine was abandoned or taken down. Central Avenue was renamed Sand Canyon Ave, which became a main highway. The 1980 plan to make Sand Canyon Ave wider threaten some of the Historic Landmarks in Irvine. A Historic Preservation Committee was formed and the town worked to save Old Town Irvine. The City of Irvine working with the Sand Canyon Historical Partners and the Irvine Historical Society, they came up with a plan to reuse some of the old buildings. Historic buildings in Old Town Irvine restored: Marker at the site reads:", "The city of Irvine, whose citizens officially incorporated it in 1971, grew around the campus. By the late 1970s, the Irvine Company had ceased its cattle business. In 1977, real estate developer Donald Bren began buying Irvine Company shares from the Irvine family. With the Irvine Company's cattle operations finished, the Irvine Company sold the Bommer Canyon area to the City of Irvine between 1981 and 1982. The City of Irvine purchased the land with grants obtained from the 1974 California Bond Act. By 1983, Bren was the majority owner of the Irvine Company. By 1996, he had purchased all outstanding shares to be the sole owner of the Irvine Company. The Irvine Company develops suburban master-planned communities throughout central and southern Orange County, in addition to residential buildings in Santa Monica, Silicon Valley, and San Diego County. The company also owns and manages office buildings in Milpitas, San Jose, Sunnyvale, Downtown San Diego, Mission Valley, San Diego, La Jolla Village/University City, Sorrento Mesa, Del Mar Heights, Newport Center, UCI locations, West Los Angeles, Pasadena, Chicago, and New York City. Donald Bren is its Chairman and sole shareholder. The Irvine Ranch remains the core holding of The Irvine Company. Of the total ranch area, is retained for development whilst the remainder are preserved as wilderness and recreational preserves collectively known as the Irvine Ranch Natural Landmarks. In August 2014, the Irvine Company announced plans to donate and preserve 2,500 additional acres of land previously approved for housing. The Ranch encompasses almost one fifth of Orange County, from the Pacific Ocean and Newport Harbor, Laguna Beach, and Santa Ana Canyon, to the boundary of the Cleveland National Forest. In part because of its land preservation grants, in 2018 The Irvine Company was named Business Philanthropist of the Year by the Greater Irvine Chamber of Commerce.", "Between the time of James Irvine I's death in 1886 and James Irvine II's inheritance of the Southern California real estate holdings upon his twenty-fifth birthday in 1892, the properties were supervised by James Irvine I's brother, George Irvine. James II bought out Flint and the other partners, and formed the Irvine Company. He married Frances Anita Plum in 1892, and they had three children, \"Jase\", James Harvey Irvine Jr. (1894\u20131935), Katharine Helena Irvine (1894\u20131920) and Myford Plum Irvine (1898\u20131959). In 1931, James II married Mrs. Kathryn Brown White, who died in 1950. James II lived in San Francisco until the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, when he relocated to the Irvine Ranch. He was a member of the Bohemian Club, and kept a residence in San Francisco, at 2421 Pierce Street. He established the James Irvine Foundation in 1937, an entity dedicated to the \"general well-being of the citizens and residents of the state of California.\" James II owned nearly a third of the land in present-day Orange County. The city of Irvine (formerly Myford) is named after him. He died of Bright's disease in 1947. James Harvey Irvine, Jr. (1894\u20131935) was groomed since a young man to take over the Ranch. He married Madeline Agassiz in 1914, but they were divorced in 1928. He married Athalie Richardson (1903\u20131993) in 1929, and they had one daughter, Athalie Anita \"Joan\" Irvine (1933\u2013 ). When James Irvine III died of tuberculosis in 1935, James II set up the James Irvine Foundation, a charitable organization to hold controlling stock in the Irvine Company. When James II died in 1947, Myford Plum Irvine (1898\u20131959), James II's only surviving child, took over the presidency of the Irvine Company.", "Manipur has the highest number of handicrafts units and the highest number of craftspersons in the northeastern region of India. Manipur produced about of electricity in 2010 with its infrastructure. The state has hydroelectric power generation potential, estimated to be over . As of 2010, if half of this potential is realised, it is estimated that this would supply 24/7 electricity to all residents, with a surplus for sale, as well as supplying the Burma power grid. Manipur's climate and soil conditions make it ideally suited for horticultural crops. Growing there are rare and exotic medicinal and aromatic plants. Some cash crops suited for Manipur include Lychee, Cashew, Walnut, Orange, Lemon, Pineapple, Papaya, Passion Fruit, Peach, Pear and Plum. The state is covered with over of bamboo forests, making it one of India's largest contributor to its bamboo industry. Tulihal Airport, Changangei, Imphal, the only airport of Manipur, connects directly with Delhi, Kolkata, Guwahati, and Agartala. It has been upgraded to an international airport. As India's second largest airport in the northeast, it serves as a key logistical centre for northeastern states. The Tulihal Airport has been renamed Bir Tikendrajit Airport. National Highway NH-39 links Manipur with the rest of the country through the railway stations at Dimapur in Nagaland at a distance of from Imphal. National Highway 53 (India) connects Manipur with another railway station at Silchar in Assam, which is away from Imphal. The road network of Manipur, with a length of connects all the important towns and distant villages. However, the road condition throughout the state is often deplorable. In 2010, Indian government announced that it is considering an Asian infrastructure network from Manipur to Vietnam.", "After the death of their father, the three Rochat brothers moved to Geneva and went into business on their own account opening a shop in 1813. They worked there, in the Terreaux de Chantepoulet, until about 1820, when they split up into two groups. Fran\u00e7ois remained on his own and continued in the Terreaux de Chantepoulet, later aided by his son Ami-Napol\u00e9on Fran\u00e7ois (1807\u20131875), known as Ami. Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric and Samuel moved to the rue de Coutance 76, where they were subsequently aided by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric's sons Antoine Auguste Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric (1799\u20131882) and Charles Louis Fran\u00e7ois (1795\u20131862). There were also other Rochats working in Geneva at the time. Among them is Louis Rochat, originally from l'Abbaye in the Vall\u00e9e de Joux, who is considered to be the maker of a piece with clock and singing birds (today in the Peking Museum) which won a prize from the Genevan R\u00e9union des Industriels in 1829. In 1814, Louis and his brother Fran\u00e7ois formed an association along with Pierre Daniel Campiche, called Fr\u00e8res Rochat et Compagnie. To complicate matters, there were ties between the various Rochats. For example, Louis Rochat from l'Abbaye worked with Antoine (son of Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric) for a time, around 1850. It is however clear that the Rochat family produced many of the finest and most complex singing bird objects. They also built some of the smallest singing bird boxes ever made. It should be said that in common with all the aforegoing makers, they did not concern themselves exclusively to this item, they also made other automata and mechanical devices."], "answer": {"text": "he recorded \"O'Donoghue's\"--released on the album Changing Trains (2004)--a song of eleven verses in which he vividly recalls these happy times,", "answer_start": 188}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did andy move to dublin?", "answer": {"text": "when his two-year contract with the BBC's 'Rep' ended,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs did he release?", "answer": {"text": "\"O'Donoghue's", "answer_start": 200, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Can you give me some information?", "answer": {"text": "However, he very quickly noticed that a burgeoning folk scene was emerging, centred around the Baggot Street-Merrion quarter of Dublin's city centre.", "answer_start": 866, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the burgeoning folk scene?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he meet?", "answer": {"text": "Ronnie Drew, Luke Kelly and Barney McKenna, who would later form The Dubliners.", "answer_start": 93, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What did he do at this time?", "answer": {"text": "spent many hours at the National Library, scouring old songbooks like the Child Ballads and Sam Henry's Songs of the People,", "answer_start": 1260, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do with his time?", "answer": {"text": "Songs. He also drew inspiration from Ewan MacColl, notably the songs he wrote for his radio-ballads.", "answer_start": 1438, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_776fb8c15c1f4ac381de56fe858c926f_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Andy Irvine born?", "rewrite": "Where was Andy Irvine born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"King Bore And The Sandman\", in mixed rhythms of , and , is Irvine's energetic lament about his times in Bucharest and \"dedicated to the man, in the public house, we are always trying to avoid\". The original album (LP) closes with the self-penned \"Rainy Sundays\", reminiscing about a young lady called Vida with whom Irvine pursued \"a one-sided romance in Ljubljana years ago.\" The CD version of \"Rainy Sundays... Windy Dreams\", released in 1989, includes a bonus track of \"Bonny Woodhall\" featuring Irvine with Mick Hanly during their live performance as a duo at 'The 4th Irish Folk Festival' in Germany on April 30, 1977. \" Bonny Woodhall\" is Irvine's interpretation of \"Bonny Woodha' \" (H476 in Sam Henry's \"Songs of the People\"), which he also set to new music. On this track, Irvine accompanied himself on Fylde 'Octavius' bouzouki (with the bottom two courses strung in octave). 1. \" The Emigrants\" \u2013 13.51 2. \" Longford Weaver\"/\"Christmas Eve\" (Traditional; arranged by Irvine, Gavin and Epping) / (Traditional; arranged by Irvine, Gavin, Epping and Lunny) \u2013 5:31 3. \" Farewell to Ballymoney\" (Traditional; arranged by Irvine, Lunny and Brady) \u2013 4:31 4. \" Romanian Song (Blood and Gold)\" (Andy Irvine, Jane Cassidy) \u2013 4:09 5. \"Paidushko Horo\" (Traditional; arranged by Irvine and Lunny) \u2013 3:34 6. \" King Bore and the Sandman\" (Andy Irvine) \u2013 3:05 7. \" Rainy Sundays\" (Andy Irvine) \u2013 6:13", "Andy Irvine & D\u00f3nal Lunny's Mozaik Andy Irvine & D\u00f3nal Lunny's Mozaik [ Mozaik] is a multicultural folk band consisting of Irish musicians Andy Irvine and D\u00f3nal Lunny, American fiddler Bruce Molsky, Bulgaro-Hungarian multi-instrumentalist Nikola Parov (Zsaratnok, the Riverdance band) and Dutch multi-instrumentalist Rens van der Zalm (Fungus, Wolverei). Their repertoire includes selections of Irvine's own compositions, Irish traditional songs, Southeastern European/Balkan folk music, and Molsky's Old-timey songs and Appalachian fiddling. Since their collaboration began in 2002, they have toured Australia, Europe, USA and Japan with great success. In a 2005 interview, Irvine stated: In the winter of 1984, Irvine gathered a collection of musicians from throughout Europe and formed 'Mosaic', with a final line-up including Irvine himself, D\u00f3nal Lunny along with his former Moving Hearts associate, uilleann piper Declan Masterson, Danish bassist and singer Lissa Ladefoged, Dutch guitarist and singer Hans Theessink, and Hungarian singer M\u00e1rta Sebesty\u00e9n from Muzsik\u00e1s. Their first public gig was in Budapest on 12 July 1985, followed by a further two gigs in Hungary and an appearance at the Dranouter festival in Belgium in early August, prior to their English tour. Their seventh gig was billed at the Southport Arts Center, which Chris Hardwick of Folk Roots reviewed with the following introduction: \"Every once in a while the folk scene throws up a new permutation in which exceptionally gifted individuals come together to produce something so innovative and exhilarating that it goes way beyond the sum of the parts\".", "Rain on the Roof (Andy Irvine album) Rain on the Roof is Andy Irvine's third solo album and also the first released on his own label, \"Andy Irvine\", under product number \"AK-1\". Recorded in June, July and August 1996, it is the closest the listener could get to the experience of attending one of his live performances. Other instruments were added (on four of the eleven tracks) by Rens van der Zalm (fiddle and mandolin), Stephen Cooney (didgeridoo, Kpanlogo drum), Declan Masterson (low whistle) and Irvine himself, who played a second mandolin on two of the tracks. The album opens with \"Prince Among Men\", a song about the hazards and dangers of working underground in a mine\u2013which Irvine wrote from the perspective of a man whose late father, James Doyle, had been a miner. \"B\u0103neas\u0103's Green Glade\" is a re-worked version of the song he had first recorded with Planxty, followed this time around by \"Rumen Sirakov's Daichevo\", Irvine's solo adaptation of \"Didinata\", a dance tune in time (3\u20132\u20132\u20132) composed by Bulgarian tambura player Rumen Sirakov. \"Rain on the Roof/The Blue Mountains of New South Wales\" is a self-penned set of jigs. \"My Heart's Tonight in Ireland\" is Irvine's nostalgic recollection of the times he spent touring in County Clare with Sweeney's Men. \"Forgotten Hero\" is a passionate song reminiscing about the life and struggle of Michael Davitt, the founder of the Irish National Land League.", "Andy Irvine/70th Birthday Concert at Vicar St 2012 Andy Irvine/70th Birthday Concert at Vicar St 2012 is a live recording of a pair of concerts held at Dublin's Vicar Street venue, on 16 and 17 June 2012, to celebrate Andy Irvine's 70th birthday. He was joined onstage by Paul Brady and various combinations of members of Sweeney's Men, Planxty, Mozaik and LAPD, plus brothers George and Manoli Galiatsos who came unexpectedly all the way from Athens for the concerts. A DVD was also released, featuring a more extensive set of material. LAPD open the album with two double-jigs: \"Kitty's Rambles/The Humours of Ennistymon\". Then comes Mozaik's arrangement of \"Sail Away Ladies/Walking in the Parlor\", two old-timey tunes, the first recorded by Uncle Bunt Stephens, a Tennessee fiddler, in 1925 and the second by Dr D. Dix Hollis in Alabama, the same year. Sweeney's Men play \"Rattlin' Roarin's Willie\", sung by Johnny Moynihan. LAPD follow with \"O'Donoghue's\", a song by Irvine reminiscing about his early days in Dublin, when he first started frequenting this pub in August 1962. In eleven verses, he vividly recalls these happy times, naming many of the people who were part of his transition from actor to musician, leading to his touring days with Sweeney's Men and up to his departure \"for the Pirin Mountains\" in the spring of 1968. Paul Brady then joins LAPD to perform \"The Jolly Soldier/The Blarney Pilgrim\", which he and Irvine recorded on their 1976 album \"Andy Irvine/Paul Brady\".", "Andy Irvine/Paul Brady Andy Irvine/ Paul Brady is an album recorded by Andy Irvine and Paul Brady when they formed a duo, after Planxty broke up on 5 December 1975. For this recording, they were joined by D\u00f3nal Lunny and Kevin Burke. It was produced by Lunny and recorded at Rockfield Studios in the autumn of 1976, and released in December 1976 by Mulligan Music Ltd. Irvine opens the album with his arrangement of \"Plains of Kildare\": an instrumental intro in time (jig) leads into the song, which is in time for the first six verses until an elegant transition switches to an instrumental middle eight played in the Bulgarian rachenitsa rhythm of time (2\u20132\u20133) which aptly suggests the gallop of racing horses, then back in , as the horses slow down for the final verse prior to the finale, again in . Irvine adapted the lyrics based on earlier versions from Eddie Butcher and A.L. Lloyd, while also using additional sources supplied by Frank Harte. \"Lough Erne Shore\" is an Ulster love song that Brady learnt from Paddy Tunney, son of Brigid Tunney. On this recording, Irvine provides an ingenious accompaniment on hurdy-gurdy that implies the instrument's drones are capable of playing chords. Years later, Irvine explained: \"I recorded three different drones on the hurdy-gurdy and we cross faded them on the mix to fit the chords. It's very subtle and you may not hear it but I thought it gave it a great feeling. \" \"Fred Finn's Reel/Sailing into Walpole's Marsh\" are two reels learnt from Deirdre Shannon (fiddle), Brian Bailey (flute) and Trevor Stewart (uilleann pipes), a trio from Northern Ireland."], "answer": {"text": "Andy Irvine was born in St John's Wood, northwest London", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_776fb8c15c1f4ac381de56fe858c926f_1_q#1", "question": "Who were his parents?", "rewrite": "Who were Andy Irvine parents?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Andy Irvine & D\u00f3nal Lunny's Mozaik Andy Irvine & D\u00f3nal Lunny's Mozaik [ Mozaik] is a multicultural folk band consisting of Irish musicians Andy Irvine and D\u00f3nal Lunny, American fiddler Bruce Molsky, Bulgaro-Hungarian multi-instrumentalist Nikola Parov (Zsaratnok, the Riverdance band) and Dutch multi-instrumentalist Rens van der Zalm (Fungus, Wolverei). Their repertoire includes selections of Irvine's own compositions, Irish traditional songs, Southeastern European/Balkan folk music, and Molsky's Old-timey songs and Appalachian fiddling. Since their collaboration began in 2002, they have toured Australia, Europe, USA and Japan with great success. In a 2005 interview, Irvine stated: In the winter of 1984, Irvine gathered a collection of musicians from throughout Europe and formed 'Mosaic', with a final line-up including Irvine himself, D\u00f3nal Lunny along with his former Moving Hearts associate, uilleann piper Declan Masterson, Danish bassist and singer Lissa Ladefoged, Dutch guitarist and singer Hans Theessink, and Hungarian singer M\u00e1rta Sebesty\u00e9n from Muzsik\u00e1s. Their first public gig was in Budapest on 12 July 1985, followed by a further two gigs in Hungary and an appearance at the Dranouter festival in Belgium in early August, prior to their English tour. Their seventh gig was billed at the Southport Arts Center, which Chris Hardwick of Folk Roots reviewed with the following introduction: \"Every once in a while the folk scene throws up a new permutation in which exceptionally gifted individuals come together to produce something so innovative and exhilarating that it goes way beyond the sum of the parts\".", "Andy Irvine/Paul Brady Andy Irvine/ Paul Brady is an album recorded by Andy Irvine and Paul Brady when they formed a duo, after Planxty broke up on 5 December 1975. For this recording, they were joined by D\u00f3nal Lunny and Kevin Burke. It was produced by Lunny and recorded at Rockfield Studios in the autumn of 1976, and released in December 1976 by Mulligan Music Ltd. Irvine opens the album with his arrangement of \"Plains of Kildare\": an instrumental intro in time (jig) leads into the song, which is in time for the first six verses until an elegant transition switches to an instrumental middle eight played in the Bulgarian rachenitsa rhythm of time (2\u20132\u20133) which aptly suggests the gallop of racing horses, then back in , as the horses slow down for the final verse prior to the finale, again in . Irvine adapted the lyrics based on earlier versions from Eddie Butcher and A.L. Lloyd, while also using additional sources supplied by Frank Harte. \"Lough Erne Shore\" is an Ulster love song that Brady learnt from Paddy Tunney, son of Brigid Tunney. On this recording, Irvine provides an ingenious accompaniment on hurdy-gurdy that implies the instrument's drones are capable of playing chords. Years later, Irvine explained: \"I recorded three different drones on the hurdy-gurdy and we cross faded them on the mix to fit the chords. It's very subtle and you may not hear it but I thought it gave it a great feeling. \" \"Fred Finn's Reel/Sailing into Walpole's Marsh\" are two reels learnt from Deirdre Shannon (fiddle), Brian Bailey (flute) and Trevor Stewart (uilleann pipes), a trio from Northern Ireland.", "\"King Bore And The Sandman\", in mixed rhythms of , and , is Irvine's energetic lament about his times in Bucharest and \"dedicated to the man, in the public house, we are always trying to avoid\". The original album (LP) closes with the self-penned \"Rainy Sundays\", reminiscing about a young lady called Vida with whom Irvine pursued \"a one-sided romance in Ljubljana years ago.\" The CD version of \"Rainy Sundays... Windy Dreams\", released in 1989, includes a bonus track of \"Bonny Woodhall\" featuring Irvine with Mick Hanly during their live performance as a duo at 'The 4th Irish Folk Festival' in Germany on April 30, 1977. \" Bonny Woodhall\" is Irvine's interpretation of \"Bonny Woodha' \" (H476 in Sam Henry's \"Songs of the People\"), which he also set to new music. On this track, Irvine accompanied himself on Fylde 'Octavius' bouzouki (with the bottom two courses strung in octave). 1. \" The Emigrants\" \u2013 13.51 2. \" Longford Weaver\"/\"Christmas Eve\" (Traditional; arranged by Irvine, Gavin and Epping) / (Traditional; arranged by Irvine, Gavin, Epping and Lunny) \u2013 5:31 3. \" Farewell to Ballymoney\" (Traditional; arranged by Irvine, Lunny and Brady) \u2013 4:31 4. \" Romanian Song (Blood and Gold)\" (Andy Irvine, Jane Cassidy) \u2013 4:09 5. \"Paidushko Horo\" (Traditional; arranged by Irvine and Lunny) \u2013 3:34 6. \" King Bore and the Sandman\" (Andy Irvine) \u2013 3:05 7. \" Rainy Sundays\" (Andy Irvine) \u2013 6:13", "Rain on the Roof (Andy Irvine album) Rain on the Roof is Andy Irvine's third solo album and also the first released on his own label, \"Andy Irvine\", under product number \"AK-1\". Recorded in June, July and August 1996, it is the closest the listener could get to the experience of attending one of his live performances. Other instruments were added (on four of the eleven tracks) by Rens van der Zalm (fiddle and mandolin), Stephen Cooney (didgeridoo, Kpanlogo drum), Declan Masterson (low whistle) and Irvine himself, who played a second mandolin on two of the tracks. The album opens with \"Prince Among Men\", a song about the hazards and dangers of working underground in a mine\u2013which Irvine wrote from the perspective of a man whose late father, James Doyle, had been a miner. \"B\u0103neas\u0103's Green Glade\" is a re-worked version of the song he had first recorded with Planxty, followed this time around by \"Rumen Sirakov's Daichevo\", Irvine's solo adaptation of \"Didinata\", a dance tune in time (3\u20132\u20132\u20132) composed by Bulgarian tambura player Rumen Sirakov. \"Rain on the Roof/The Blue Mountains of New South Wales\" is a self-penned set of jigs. \"My Heart's Tonight in Ireland\" is Irvine's nostalgic recollection of the times he spent touring in County Clare with Sweeney's Men. \"Forgotten Hero\" is a passionate song reminiscing about the life and struggle of Michael Davitt, the founder of the Irish National Land League.", "Andy Irvine/70th Birthday Concert at Vicar St 2012 Andy Irvine/70th Birthday Concert at Vicar St 2012 is a live recording of a pair of concerts held at Dublin's Vicar Street venue, on 16 and 17 June 2012, to celebrate Andy Irvine's 70th birthday. He was joined onstage by Paul Brady and various combinations of members of Sweeney's Men, Planxty, Mozaik and LAPD, plus brothers George and Manoli Galiatsos who came unexpectedly all the way from Athens for the concerts. A DVD was also released, featuring a more extensive set of material. LAPD open the album with two double-jigs: \"Kitty's Rambles/The Humours of Ennistymon\". Then comes Mozaik's arrangement of \"Sail Away Ladies/Walking in the Parlor\", two old-timey tunes, the first recorded by Uncle Bunt Stephens, a Tennessee fiddler, in 1925 and the second by Dr D. Dix Hollis in Alabama, the same year. Sweeney's Men play \"Rattlin' Roarin's Willie\", sung by Johnny Moynihan. LAPD follow with \"O'Donoghue's\", a song by Irvine reminiscing about his early days in Dublin, when he first started frequenting this pub in August 1962. In eleven verses, he vividly recalls these happy times, naming many of the people who were part of his transition from actor to musician, leading to his touring days with Sweeney's Men and up to his departure \"for the Pirin Mountains\" in the spring of 1968. Paul Brady then joins LAPD to perform \"The Jolly Soldier/The Blarney Pilgrim\", which he and Irvine recorded on their 1976 album \"Andy Irvine/Paul Brady\"."], "answer": {"text": "Irish mother from Lisburn, County Antrim, and a Scottish father from Glasgow.", "answer_start": 79}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Andy Irvine born?", "answer": {"text": "Andy Irvine was born in St John's Wood, northwest London", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_776fb8c15c1f4ac381de56fe858c926f_1_q#4", "question": "How did he get into acting?", "rewrite": "How did Andy Irvine get into acting?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"King Bore And The Sandman\", in mixed rhythms of , and , is Irvine's energetic lament about his times in Bucharest and \"dedicated to the man, in the public house, we are always trying to avoid\". The original album (LP) closes with the self-penned \"Rainy Sundays\", reminiscing about a young lady called Vida with whom Irvine pursued \"a one-sided romance in Ljubljana years ago.\" The CD version of \"Rainy Sundays... Windy Dreams\", released in 1989, includes a bonus track of \"Bonny Woodhall\" featuring Irvine with Mick Hanly during their live performance as a duo at 'The 4th Irish Folk Festival' in Germany on April 30, 1977. \" Bonny Woodhall\" is Irvine's interpretation of \"Bonny Woodha' \" (H476 in Sam Henry's \"Songs of the People\"), which he also set to new music. On this track, Irvine accompanied himself on Fylde 'Octavius' bouzouki (with the bottom two courses strung in octave). 1. \" The Emigrants\" \u2013 13.51 2. \" Longford Weaver\"/\"Christmas Eve\" (Traditional; arranged by Irvine, Gavin and Epping) / (Traditional; arranged by Irvine, Gavin, Epping and Lunny) \u2013 5:31 3. \" Farewell to Ballymoney\" (Traditional; arranged by Irvine, Lunny and Brady) \u2013 4:31 4. \" Romanian Song (Blood and Gold)\" (Andy Irvine, Jane Cassidy) \u2013 4:09 5. \"Paidushko Horo\" (Traditional; arranged by Irvine and Lunny) \u2013 3:34 6. \" King Bore and the Sandman\" (Andy Irvine) \u2013 3:05 7. \" Rainy Sundays\" (Andy Irvine) \u2013 6:13", "Rain on the Roof (Andy Irvine album) Rain on the Roof is Andy Irvine's third solo album and also the first released on his own label, \"Andy Irvine\", under product number \"AK-1\". Recorded in June, July and August 1996, it is the closest the listener could get to the experience of attending one of his live performances. Other instruments were added (on four of the eleven tracks) by Rens van der Zalm (fiddle and mandolin), Stephen Cooney (didgeridoo, Kpanlogo drum), Declan Masterson (low whistle) and Irvine himself, who played a second mandolin on two of the tracks. The album opens with \"Prince Among Men\", a song about the hazards and dangers of working underground in a mine\u2013which Irvine wrote from the perspective of a man whose late father, James Doyle, had been a miner. \"B\u0103neas\u0103's Green Glade\" is a re-worked version of the song he had first recorded with Planxty, followed this time around by \"Rumen Sirakov's Daichevo\", Irvine's solo adaptation of \"Didinata\", a dance tune in time (3\u20132\u20132\u20132) composed by Bulgarian tambura player Rumen Sirakov. \"Rain on the Roof/The Blue Mountains of New South Wales\" is a self-penned set of jigs. \"My Heart's Tonight in Ireland\" is Irvine's nostalgic recollection of the times he spent touring in County Clare with Sweeney's Men. \"Forgotten Hero\" is a passionate song reminiscing about the life and struggle of Michael Davitt, the founder of the Irish National Land League.", "Andy Irvine/Paul Brady Andy Irvine/ Paul Brady is an album recorded by Andy Irvine and Paul Brady when they formed a duo, after Planxty broke up on 5 December 1975. For this recording, they were joined by D\u00f3nal Lunny and Kevin Burke. It was produced by Lunny and recorded at Rockfield Studios in the autumn of 1976, and released in December 1976 by Mulligan Music Ltd. Irvine opens the album with his arrangement of \"Plains of Kildare\": an instrumental intro in time (jig) leads into the song, which is in time for the first six verses until an elegant transition switches to an instrumental middle eight played in the Bulgarian rachenitsa rhythm of time (2\u20132\u20133) which aptly suggests the gallop of racing horses, then back in , as the horses slow down for the final verse prior to the finale, again in . Irvine adapted the lyrics based on earlier versions from Eddie Butcher and A.L. Lloyd, while also using additional sources supplied by Frank Harte. \"Lough Erne Shore\" is an Ulster love song that Brady learnt from Paddy Tunney, son of Brigid Tunney. On this recording, Irvine provides an ingenious accompaniment on hurdy-gurdy that implies the instrument's drones are capable of playing chords. Years later, Irvine explained: \"I recorded three different drones on the hurdy-gurdy and we cross faded them on the mix to fit the chords. It's very subtle and you may not hear it but I thought it gave it a great feeling. \" \"Fred Finn's Reel/Sailing into Walpole's Marsh\" are two reels learnt from Deirdre Shannon (fiddle), Brian Bailey (flute) and Trevor Stewart (uilleann pipes), a trio from Northern Ireland.", "Andy Irvine/70th Birthday Concert at Vicar St 2012 Andy Irvine/70th Birthday Concert at Vicar St 2012 is a live recording of a pair of concerts held at Dublin's Vicar Street venue, on 16 and 17 June 2012, to celebrate Andy Irvine's 70th birthday. He was joined onstage by Paul Brady and various combinations of members of Sweeney's Men, Planxty, Mozaik and LAPD, plus brothers George and Manoli Galiatsos who came unexpectedly all the way from Athens for the concerts. A DVD was also released, featuring a more extensive set of material. LAPD open the album with two double-jigs: \"Kitty's Rambles/The Humours of Ennistymon\". Then comes Mozaik's arrangement of \"Sail Away Ladies/Walking in the Parlor\", two old-timey tunes, the first recorded by Uncle Bunt Stephens, a Tennessee fiddler, in 1925 and the second by Dr D. Dix Hollis in Alabama, the same year. Sweeney's Men play \"Rattlin' Roarin's Willie\", sung by Johnny Moynihan. LAPD follow with \"O'Donoghue's\", a song by Irvine reminiscing about his early days in Dublin, when he first started frequenting this pub in August 1962. In eleven verses, he vividly recalls these happy times, naming many of the people who were part of his transition from actor to musician, leading to his touring days with Sweeney's Men and up to his departure \"for the Pirin Mountains\" in the spring of 1968. Paul Brady then joins LAPD to perform \"The Jolly Soldier/The Blarney Pilgrim\", which he and Irvine recorded on their 1976 album \"Andy Irvine/Paul Brady\".", "Andy Irvine & D\u00f3nal Lunny's Mozaik Andy Irvine & D\u00f3nal Lunny's Mozaik [ Mozaik] is a multicultural folk band consisting of Irish musicians Andy Irvine and D\u00f3nal Lunny, American fiddler Bruce Molsky, Bulgaro-Hungarian multi-instrumentalist Nikola Parov (Zsaratnok, the Riverdance band) and Dutch multi-instrumentalist Rens van der Zalm (Fungus, Wolverei). Their repertoire includes selections of Irvine's own compositions, Irish traditional songs, Southeastern European/Balkan folk music, and Molsky's Old-timey songs and Appalachian fiddling. Since their collaboration began in 2002, they have toured Australia, Europe, USA and Japan with great success. In a 2005 interview, Irvine stated: In the winter of 1984, Irvine gathered a collection of musicians from throughout Europe and formed 'Mosaic', with a final line-up including Irvine himself, D\u00f3nal Lunny along with his former Moving Hearts associate, uilleann piper Declan Masterson, Danish bassist and singer Lissa Ladefoged, Dutch guitarist and singer Hans Theessink, and Hungarian singer M\u00e1rta Sebesty\u00e9n from Muzsik\u00e1s. Their first public gig was in Budapest on 12 July 1985, followed by a further two gigs in Hungary and an appearance at the Dranouter festival in Belgium in early August, prior to their English tour. Their seventh gig was billed at the Southport Arts Center, which Chris Hardwick of Folk Roots reviewed with the following introduction: \"Every once in a while the folk scene throws up a new permutation in which exceptionally gifted individuals come together to produce something so innovative and exhilarating that it goes way beyond the sum of the parts\"."], "answer": {"text": "As a child, Irvine was given opportunities to appear on stage, TV and in films.", "answer_start": 319}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Andy Irvine born?", "answer": {"text": "Andy Irvine was born in St John's Wood, northwest London", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Irish mother from Lisburn, County Antrim, and a Scottish father from Glasgow.", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have siblings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_776fb8c15c1f4ac381de56fe858c926f_1_q#5", "question": "What were notable roles when he was a child?", "rewrite": "What were notable roles when Andy Irvine was a child?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Andy Irvine & D\u00f3nal Lunny's Mozaik Andy Irvine & D\u00f3nal Lunny's Mozaik [ Mozaik] is a multicultural folk band consisting of Irish musicians Andy Irvine and D\u00f3nal Lunny, American fiddler Bruce Molsky, Bulgaro-Hungarian multi-instrumentalist Nikola Parov (Zsaratnok, the Riverdance band) and Dutch multi-instrumentalist Rens van der Zalm (Fungus, Wolverei). Their repertoire includes selections of Irvine's own compositions, Irish traditional songs, Southeastern European/Balkan folk music, and Molsky's Old-timey songs and Appalachian fiddling. Since their collaboration began in 2002, they have toured Australia, Europe, USA and Japan with great success. In a 2005 interview, Irvine stated: In the winter of 1984, Irvine gathered a collection of musicians from throughout Europe and formed 'Mosaic', with a final line-up including Irvine himself, D\u00f3nal Lunny along with his former Moving Hearts associate, uilleann piper Declan Masterson, Danish bassist and singer Lissa Ladefoged, Dutch guitarist and singer Hans Theessink, and Hungarian singer M\u00e1rta Sebesty\u00e9n from Muzsik\u00e1s. Their first public gig was in Budapest on 12 July 1985, followed by a further two gigs in Hungary and an appearance at the Dranouter festival in Belgium in early August, prior to their English tour. Their seventh gig was billed at the Southport Arts Center, which Chris Hardwick of Folk Roots reviewed with the following introduction: \"Every once in a while the folk scene throws up a new permutation in which exceptionally gifted individuals come together to produce something so innovative and exhilarating that it goes way beyond the sum of the parts\".", "Andy Irvine/70th Birthday Concert at Vicar St 2012 Andy Irvine/70th Birthday Concert at Vicar St 2012 is a live recording of a pair of concerts held at Dublin's Vicar Street venue, on 16 and 17 June 2012, to celebrate Andy Irvine's 70th birthday. He was joined onstage by Paul Brady and various combinations of members of Sweeney's Men, Planxty, Mozaik and LAPD, plus brothers George and Manoli Galiatsos who came unexpectedly all the way from Athens for the concerts. A DVD was also released, featuring a more extensive set of material. LAPD open the album with two double-jigs: \"Kitty's Rambles/The Humours of Ennistymon\". Then comes Mozaik's arrangement of \"Sail Away Ladies/Walking in the Parlor\", two old-timey tunes, the first recorded by Uncle Bunt Stephens, a Tennessee fiddler, in 1925 and the second by Dr D. Dix Hollis in Alabama, the same year. Sweeney's Men play \"Rattlin' Roarin's Willie\", sung by Johnny Moynihan. LAPD follow with \"O'Donoghue's\", a song by Irvine reminiscing about his early days in Dublin, when he first started frequenting this pub in August 1962. In eleven verses, he vividly recalls these happy times, naming many of the people who were part of his transition from actor to musician, leading to his touring days with Sweeney's Men and up to his departure \"for the Pirin Mountains\" in the spring of 1968. Paul Brady then joins LAPD to perform \"The Jolly Soldier/The Blarney Pilgrim\", which he and Irvine recorded on their 1976 album \"Andy Irvine/Paul Brady\".", "Andy Irvine/Paul Brady Andy Irvine/ Paul Brady is an album recorded by Andy Irvine and Paul Brady when they formed a duo, after Planxty broke up on 5 December 1975. For this recording, they were joined by D\u00f3nal Lunny and Kevin Burke. It was produced by Lunny and recorded at Rockfield Studios in the autumn of 1976, and released in December 1976 by Mulligan Music Ltd. Irvine opens the album with his arrangement of \"Plains of Kildare\": an instrumental intro in time (jig) leads into the song, which is in time for the first six verses until an elegant transition switches to an instrumental middle eight played in the Bulgarian rachenitsa rhythm of time (2\u20132\u20133) which aptly suggests the gallop of racing horses, then back in , as the horses slow down for the final verse prior to the finale, again in . Irvine adapted the lyrics based on earlier versions from Eddie Butcher and A.L. Lloyd, while also using additional sources supplied by Frank Harte. \"Lough Erne Shore\" is an Ulster love song that Brady learnt from Paddy Tunney, son of Brigid Tunney. On this recording, Irvine provides an ingenious accompaniment on hurdy-gurdy that implies the instrument's drones are capable of playing chords. Years later, Irvine explained: \"I recorded three different drones on the hurdy-gurdy and we cross faded them on the mix to fit the chords. It's very subtle and you may not hear it but I thought it gave it a great feeling. \" \"Fred Finn's Reel/Sailing into Walpole's Marsh\" are two reels learnt from Deirdre Shannon (fiddle), Brian Bailey (flute) and Trevor Stewart (uilleann pipes), a trio from Northern Ireland.", "Rain on the Roof (Andy Irvine album) Rain on the Roof is Andy Irvine's third solo album and also the first released on his own label, \"Andy Irvine\", under product number \"AK-1\". Recorded in June, July and August 1996, it is the closest the listener could get to the experience of attending one of his live performances. Other instruments were added (on four of the eleven tracks) by Rens van der Zalm (fiddle and mandolin), Stephen Cooney (didgeridoo, Kpanlogo drum), Declan Masterson (low whistle) and Irvine himself, who played a second mandolin on two of the tracks. The album opens with \"Prince Among Men\", a song about the hazards and dangers of working underground in a mine\u2013which Irvine wrote from the perspective of a man whose late father, James Doyle, had been a miner. \"B\u0103neas\u0103's Green Glade\" is a re-worked version of the song he had first recorded with Planxty, followed this time around by \"Rumen Sirakov's Daichevo\", Irvine's solo adaptation of \"Didinata\", a dance tune in time (3\u20132\u20132\u20132) composed by Bulgarian tambura player Rumen Sirakov. \"Rain on the Roof/The Blue Mountains of New South Wales\" is a self-penned set of jigs. \"My Heart's Tonight in Ireland\" is Irvine's nostalgic recollection of the times he spent touring in County Clare with Sweeney's Men. \"Forgotten Hero\" is a passionate song reminiscing about the life and struggle of Michael Davitt, the founder of the Irish National Land League.", "\"King Bore And The Sandman\", in mixed rhythms of , and , is Irvine's energetic lament about his times in Bucharest and \"dedicated to the man, in the public house, we are always trying to avoid\". The original album (LP) closes with the self-penned \"Rainy Sundays\", reminiscing about a young lady called Vida with whom Irvine pursued \"a one-sided romance in Ljubljana years ago.\" The CD version of \"Rainy Sundays... Windy Dreams\", released in 1989, includes a bonus track of \"Bonny Woodhall\" featuring Irvine with Mick Hanly during their live performance as a duo at 'The 4th Irish Folk Festival' in Germany on April 30, 1977. \" Bonny Woodhall\" is Irvine's interpretation of \"Bonny Woodha' \" (H476 in Sam Henry's \"Songs of the People\"), which he also set to new music. On this track, Irvine accompanied himself on Fylde 'Octavius' bouzouki (with the bottom two courses strung in octave). 1. \" The Emigrants\" \u2013 13.51 2. \" Longford Weaver\"/\"Christmas Eve\" (Traditional; arranged by Irvine, Gavin and Epping) / (Traditional; arranged by Irvine, Gavin, Epping and Lunny) \u2013 5:31 3. \" Farewell to Ballymoney\" (Traditional; arranged by Irvine, Lunny and Brady) \u2013 4:31 4. \" Romanian Song (Blood and Gold)\" (Andy Irvine, Jane Cassidy) \u2013 4:09 5. \"Paidushko Horo\" (Traditional; arranged by Irvine and Lunny) \u2013 3:34 6. \" King Bore and the Sandman\" (Andy Irvine) \u2013 3:05 7. \" Rainy Sundays\" (Andy Irvine) \u2013 6:13"], "answer": {"text": "In the summer holidays of 1950, when he was eight years old, his first role was to play Jimmy in the film A Tale of Five Cities.", "answer_start": 399}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Andy Irvine born?", "answer": {"text": "Andy Irvine was born in St John's Wood, northwest London", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Irish mother from Lisburn, County Antrim, and a Scottish father from Glasgow.", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have siblings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he get into acting?", "answer": {"text": "As a child, Irvine was given opportunities to appear on stage, TV and in films.", "answer_start": 319, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_776fb8c15c1f4ac381de56fe858c926f_1_q#8", "question": "DId he take them up on their offer?", "rewrite": "Did Andy Irvine take them up on the BBC offer?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Andy Irvine & D\u00f3nal Lunny's Mozaik Andy Irvine & D\u00f3nal Lunny's Mozaik [ Mozaik] is a multicultural folk band consisting of Irish musicians Andy Irvine and D\u00f3nal Lunny, American fiddler Bruce Molsky, Bulgaro-Hungarian multi-instrumentalist Nikola Parov (Zsaratnok, the Riverdance band) and Dutch multi-instrumentalist Rens van der Zalm (Fungus, Wolverei). Their repertoire includes selections of Irvine's own compositions, Irish traditional songs, Southeastern European/Balkan folk music, and Molsky's Old-timey songs and Appalachian fiddling. Since their collaboration began in 2002, they have toured Australia, Europe, USA and Japan with great success. In a 2005 interview, Irvine stated: In the winter of 1984, Irvine gathered a collection of musicians from throughout Europe and formed 'Mosaic', with a final line-up including Irvine himself, D\u00f3nal Lunny along with his former Moving Hearts associate, uilleann piper Declan Masterson, Danish bassist and singer Lissa Ladefoged, Dutch guitarist and singer Hans Theessink, and Hungarian singer M\u00e1rta Sebesty\u00e9n from Muzsik\u00e1s. Their first public gig was in Budapest on 12 July 1985, followed by a further two gigs in Hungary and an appearance at the Dranouter festival in Belgium in early August, prior to their English tour. Their seventh gig was billed at the Southport Arts Center, which Chris Hardwick of Folk Roots reviewed with the following introduction: \"Every once in a while the folk scene throws up a new permutation in which exceptionally gifted individuals come together to produce something so innovative and exhilarating that it goes way beyond the sum of the parts\".", "\"King Bore And The Sandman\", in mixed rhythms of , and , is Irvine's energetic lament about his times in Bucharest and \"dedicated to the man, in the public house, we are always trying to avoid\". The original album (LP) closes with the self-penned \"Rainy Sundays\", reminiscing about a young lady called Vida with whom Irvine pursued \"a one-sided romance in Ljubljana years ago.\" The CD version of \"Rainy Sundays... Windy Dreams\", released in 1989, includes a bonus track of \"Bonny Woodhall\" featuring Irvine with Mick Hanly during their live performance as a duo at 'The 4th Irish Folk Festival' in Germany on April 30, 1977. \" Bonny Woodhall\" is Irvine's interpretation of \"Bonny Woodha' \" (H476 in Sam Henry's \"Songs of the People\"), which he also set to new music. On this track, Irvine accompanied himself on Fylde 'Octavius' bouzouki (with the bottom two courses strung in octave). 1. \" The Emigrants\" \u2013 13.51 2. \" Longford Weaver\"/\"Christmas Eve\" (Traditional; arranged by Irvine, Gavin and Epping) / (Traditional; arranged by Irvine, Gavin, Epping and Lunny) \u2013 5:31 3. \" Farewell to Ballymoney\" (Traditional; arranged by Irvine, Lunny and Brady) \u2013 4:31 4. \" Romanian Song (Blood and Gold)\" (Andy Irvine, Jane Cassidy) \u2013 4:09 5. \"Paidushko Horo\" (Traditional; arranged by Irvine and Lunny) \u2013 3:34 6. \" King Bore and the Sandman\" (Andy Irvine) \u2013 3:05 7. \" Rainy Sundays\" (Andy Irvine) \u2013 6:13", "Rain on the Roof (Andy Irvine album) Rain on the Roof is Andy Irvine's third solo album and also the first released on his own label, \"Andy Irvine\", under product number \"AK-1\". Recorded in June, July and August 1996, it is the closest the listener could get to the experience of attending one of his live performances. Other instruments were added (on four of the eleven tracks) by Rens van der Zalm (fiddle and mandolin), Stephen Cooney (didgeridoo, Kpanlogo drum), Declan Masterson (low whistle) and Irvine himself, who played a second mandolin on two of the tracks. The album opens with \"Prince Among Men\", a song about the hazards and dangers of working underground in a mine\u2013which Irvine wrote from the perspective of a man whose late father, James Doyle, had been a miner. \"B\u0103neas\u0103's Green Glade\" is a re-worked version of the song he had first recorded with Planxty, followed this time around by \"Rumen Sirakov's Daichevo\", Irvine's solo adaptation of \"Didinata\", a dance tune in time (3\u20132\u20132\u20132) composed by Bulgarian tambura player Rumen Sirakov. \"Rain on the Roof/The Blue Mountains of New South Wales\" is a self-penned set of jigs. \"My Heart's Tonight in Ireland\" is Irvine's nostalgic recollection of the times he spent touring in County Clare with Sweeney's Men. \"Forgotten Hero\" is a passionate song reminiscing about the life and struggle of Michael Davitt, the founder of the Irish National Land League.", "Andy Irvine/70th Birthday Concert at Vicar St 2012 Andy Irvine/70th Birthday Concert at Vicar St 2012 is a live recording of a pair of concerts held at Dublin's Vicar Street venue, on 16 and 17 June 2012, to celebrate Andy Irvine's 70th birthday. He was joined onstage by Paul Brady and various combinations of members of Sweeney's Men, Planxty, Mozaik and LAPD, plus brothers George and Manoli Galiatsos who came unexpectedly all the way from Athens for the concerts. A DVD was also released, featuring a more extensive set of material. LAPD open the album with two double-jigs: \"Kitty's Rambles/The Humours of Ennistymon\". Then comes Mozaik's arrangement of \"Sail Away Ladies/Walking in the Parlor\", two old-timey tunes, the first recorded by Uncle Bunt Stephens, a Tennessee fiddler, in 1925 and the second by Dr D. Dix Hollis in Alabama, the same year. Sweeney's Men play \"Rattlin' Roarin's Willie\", sung by Johnny Moynihan. LAPD follow with \"O'Donoghue's\", a song by Irvine reminiscing about his early days in Dublin, when he first started frequenting this pub in August 1962. In eleven verses, he vividly recalls these happy times, naming many of the people who were part of his transition from actor to musician, leading to his touring days with Sweeney's Men and up to his departure \"for the Pirin Mountains\" in the spring of 1968. Paul Brady then joins LAPD to perform \"The Jolly Soldier/The Blarney Pilgrim\", which he and Irvine recorded on their 1976 album \"Andy Irvine/Paul Brady\".", "Andy Irvine/Paul Brady Andy Irvine/ Paul Brady is an album recorded by Andy Irvine and Paul Brady when they formed a duo, after Planxty broke up on 5 December 1975. For this recording, they were joined by D\u00f3nal Lunny and Kevin Burke. It was produced by Lunny and recorded at Rockfield Studios in the autumn of 1976, and released in December 1976 by Mulligan Music Ltd. Irvine opens the album with his arrangement of \"Plains of Kildare\": an instrumental intro in time (jig) leads into the song, which is in time for the first six verses until an elegant transition switches to an instrumental middle eight played in the Bulgarian rachenitsa rhythm of time (2\u20132\u20133) which aptly suggests the gallop of racing horses, then back in , as the horses slow down for the final verse prior to the finale, again in . Irvine adapted the lyrics based on earlier versions from Eddie Butcher and A.L. Lloyd, while also using additional sources supplied by Frank Harte. \"Lough Erne Shore\" is an Ulster love song that Brady learnt from Paddy Tunney, son of Brigid Tunney. On this recording, Irvine provides an ingenious accompaniment on hurdy-gurdy that implies the instrument's drones are capable of playing chords. Years later, Irvine explained: \"I recorded three different drones on the hurdy-gurdy and we cross faded them on the mix to fit the chords. It's very subtle and you may not hear it but I thought it gave it a great feeling. \" \"Fred Finn's Reel/Sailing into Walpole's Marsh\" are two reels learnt from Deirdre Shannon (fiddle), Brian Bailey (flute) and Trevor Stewart (uilleann pipes), a trio from Northern Ireland."], "answer": {"text": "where he befriended the poet Louis MacNeice who worked there as a writer for over twenty years. As Irvine recalled much later:", "answer_start": 186}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Andy Irvine born?", "answer": {"text": "Andy Irvine was born in St John's Wood, northwest London", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Irish mother from Lisburn, County Antrim, and a Scottish father from Glasgow.", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have siblings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he get into acting?", "answer": {"text": "As a child, Irvine was given opportunities to appear on stage, TV and in films.", "answer_start": 319, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were notable roles when he was a child?", "answer": {"text": "In the summer holidays of 1950, when he was eight years old, his first role was to play Jimmy in the film A Tale of Five Cities.", "answer_start": 399, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he get good reviews?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where those actors who appeared in a lot of BBC series?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_99e99af94f174336a504ed3ee113752b_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Roy Acuff born?", "rewrite": "Where was Roy Acuff born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jimmy Walker (country musician) Ernest Earl \"Jimmy\" Walker (December 18, 1915 \u2013 June 27, 1990) was an American country musician. Although relatively little has been written about Jimmy Walker, he ranks as an important figure in the development of country music. Not only did he record the first version of the country standard \"Detour\" in 1945, but to date he is the only man who ever replaced Roy Acuff on the Grand Ole Opry. He also recorded numerous other outstanding western swing-honky tonk numbers, appeared as a regular on Midwestern Hayride, WWVA Jamboree and Louisiana Hayride, and appeared in several motion pictures. Born Ernest E. Walker in Mason County, West Virginia on December 18, 1915, \"Jimmy\" did not opt for a regular musical career until the mid-forties. By this time, he had relocated to the West Coast which then was a booming region for country dance music. At his first record session he waxed the hit song \"Detour.\" The song's author, Paul Westmoreland, played steel guitar on the recording. A year later, Grand Ole Opry officials hired him to replace Roy Acuff who took an extended leave. At the time, they were much impressed not only with \"Detour\" but also \"Sioux City Sue\" and a fine heart song entitled \"Oh Why. \" Unfortunately for Jimmy, Roy Acuff chose to return to the Opry after a year. His recordings during that period (1945\u201347), all made in Los Angeles, featured such name musicians as Noel Boggs on steel guitar, Tex Atchison on fiddle, Cliffie Stone on bass, and Merle Travis on lead guitar.", "Wesley Rose Wesley Rose (born February 11, 1918 \u2013 April 26, 1990) was an American music industry executive and record producer. The son of songwriter Fred Rose, he was born in Chicago, Illinois, and studied to become a Chartered Accountant. He eventually moved to Nashville, Tennessee where in 1945 he became involved in Acuff-Rose Music, a music publishing house established by his father and his father's partner, Roy Acuff. Following his father's death in 1954, Wesley Rose served as the company's president. He proved to be a very capable businessman, expanding the business significantly and establishing Acuff-Rose affiliate offices around the world. Wesley Rose was a very important part of the development of the country music industry. He was a driving force behind the creation of the Country Music Association (CMA) and was the first Nashville publisher to serve on the Board of Directors of the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP) and the Music Publishers Association. In 1985, he and partner Roy Acuff sold the Acuff-Rose catalogues to Gaylord Broadcasting Company. In 1986, Wesley Rose joined his father as an inductee in the Country Music Hall of Fame. Wesley Rose died in Nashville in 1990.", "Acuff -Rose Music Acuff-Rose Music was an American music publishing firm formed in 1942 by Roy Acuff and Fred Rose in Nashville, Tennessee. Acuff-Rose's honest behavior towards their writers set them apart from other music publishing firms at the time and led them to fame throughout the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Currently, the company's catalog is owned by Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Acuff-Rose was formed by country music performer Roy Acuff and Fred Rose, a major Nashville music-industry figure who had a respected ability as a talent scout. Many country performers had been badly cheated in the past with regard to copyright and other rights to their creations. Many were unsophisticated and naive and were taken advantage of by unscrupulous agents, attorneys, record promoters, record labels and others. When they started their publishing company, a condition to the gentleman's agreement between Acuff and Rose was that \"our company would be honest. The writers would always be taken care of. No one would act in a shady way. \" Acuff-Rose was affiliated with BMI and had a subsidiary firm, Milene Music, which handled music from ASCAP member composers. Acuff-Rose had its headquarters on 8th Avenue South in the Melrose district of Nashville and was something of a landmark to those knowledgeable of the music industry. It was here that Hank Williams, to prove his ability to Rose, wrote what would become a major hit song (\"A Mansion on the Hill\") while Rose went out to a nearby restaurant for a cup of coffee. On Fred Rose's death in 1954, his son Wesley Rose served as president of Acuff-Rose. Wesley Rose led the publishing company for the next 30 years.", "Webb was the lead singer, despite being the youngest of three children. Webb's soprano voice became noticeable, and she went solo performing on her own in stints at the Grand Ole Opry. In 1954, she signed with RCA Records on a $200 a week contract, but this ended in 1956 after having no success. She signed with Roy Acuff Show as the group's female singer in 1957. One magazine article called her \"The Prettiest Smokey Mountain Boy\", and was honored to have received Billboard Magazine\u2019s prestigious 'Most Promising Female Artist' award as voted on by country & western disc jockeys. Webb auditioned for Hickory Records in 1959 after Roy Acuff urged them to sign her, and she found herself signing with them a month later but before the first recording session she fell off a horse and suffered a broken/fractured leg. This delayed the recording session for three months as she had a 2-month hospital stay and one month recuperation at home. She recorded for Hickory from 1959 until 1964, with three successful songs and five singles released. Her appearances with Acuff's show took her all over the world, to Europe and to the Caribbean etc. She was a happy singer, leading a very private life. She became a member of the Grand Ole Opry in April 1961, performing regularly on their radio show broadcast from several places, near to where she was at the time. Webb performed her biggest hit, \"Looking Glass\" at the Opry on July 30, 1964 when she announced that she was s leaving the Roy Acuff Show. To the disappointment of the public, Webb left the Roy Acuff Show in September 1964, and on the verge of retirement according to a local Nashville newspaper.", "Wreck on the Highway (1938 song) \"Wreck on the Highway\" is a classic bluegrass song most commonly associated with Roy Acuff. \"Wreck on the Highway\" tells the story of an automobile accident, with implication of alcohol abuse (\"whiskey and blood run together\") and moral religious language (\"Their soul has been called by the Master... But I didn't hear nobody pray... It'll be too late if tomorrow you'll fall by a crash by the way... And you can't hear nobody pray\"). \"Wreck on the Highway\" was written in 1937 by Dorsey Dixon after a serious accident near Rockingham, North Carolina and was first recorded (under the title \"Didn't Hear Nobody Pray\") in Charlotte, North Carolina in 1938. It was recorded in 1940 by the Chicago-based country duo Karl and Harty (Karl Davis and Harty Taylor). The best-known version was recorded by Roy Acuff And His Smoky Mountain Boys in Hollywood in 1942. Wilma Lee Cooper and her husband Stoney Cooper released a version as the B side of their 1961 single \"Night After Night\". George Jones and Gene Pitney recorded a version (under the name \"George and Gene\"), released as a single in 1965, Hank Locklin recorded the song for his 1962 album \"A Tribute to Roy Acuff, King of Country Music\", and the Louvin Brothers also recorded the song. The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band included the song on their 1972 album \"Will the Circle be Unbroken\"; Roy Acuff took the lead vocal. Ricky Skaggs and The Whites recorded the song on their 2007 album \"Salt of the Earth\", and Merle Haggard and Chester Smith released a duet of the song on their country-gospel album \"California Blend\"."], "answer": {"text": "Maynardville, Tennessee,", "answer_start": 40}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_99e99af94f174336a504ed3ee113752b_1_q#1", "question": "who were his parents", "rewrite": "Who were Roy Acuff's parents?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Webb was the lead singer, despite being the youngest of three children. Webb's soprano voice became noticeable, and she went solo performing on her own in stints at the Grand Ole Opry. In 1954, she signed with RCA Records on a $200 a week contract, but this ended in 1956 after having no success. She signed with Roy Acuff Show as the group's female singer in 1957. One magazine article called her \"The Prettiest Smokey Mountain Boy\", and was honored to have received Billboard Magazine\u2019s prestigious 'Most Promising Female Artist' award as voted on by country & western disc jockeys. Webb auditioned for Hickory Records in 1959 after Roy Acuff urged them to sign her, and she found herself signing with them a month later but before the first recording session she fell off a horse and suffered a broken/fractured leg. This delayed the recording session for three months as she had a 2-month hospital stay and one month recuperation at home. She recorded for Hickory from 1959 until 1964, with three successful songs and five singles released. Her appearances with Acuff's show took her all over the world, to Europe and to the Caribbean etc. She was a happy singer, leading a very private life. She became a member of the Grand Ole Opry in April 1961, performing regularly on their radio show broadcast from several places, near to where she was at the time. Webb performed her biggest hit, \"Looking Glass\" at the Opry on July 30, 1964 when she announced that she was s leaving the Roy Acuff Show. To the disappointment of the public, Webb left the Roy Acuff Show in September 1964, and on the verge of retirement according to a local Nashville newspaper.", "Jimmy Walker (country musician) Ernest Earl \"Jimmy\" Walker (December 18, 1915 \u2013 June 27, 1990) was an American country musician. Although relatively little has been written about Jimmy Walker, he ranks as an important figure in the development of country music. Not only did he record the first version of the country standard \"Detour\" in 1945, but to date he is the only man who ever replaced Roy Acuff on the Grand Ole Opry. He also recorded numerous other outstanding western swing-honky tonk numbers, appeared as a regular on Midwestern Hayride, WWVA Jamboree and Louisiana Hayride, and appeared in several motion pictures. Born Ernest E. Walker in Mason County, West Virginia on December 18, 1915, \"Jimmy\" did not opt for a regular musical career until the mid-forties. By this time, he had relocated to the West Coast which then was a booming region for country dance music. At his first record session he waxed the hit song \"Detour.\" The song's author, Paul Westmoreland, played steel guitar on the recording. A year later, Grand Ole Opry officials hired him to replace Roy Acuff who took an extended leave. At the time, they were much impressed not only with \"Detour\" but also \"Sioux City Sue\" and a fine heart song entitled \"Oh Why. \" Unfortunately for Jimmy, Roy Acuff chose to return to the Opry after a year. His recordings during that period (1945\u201347), all made in Los Angeles, featured such name musicians as Noel Boggs on steel guitar, Tex Atchison on fiddle, Cliffie Stone on bass, and Merle Travis on lead guitar.", "Acuff -Rose Music Acuff-Rose Music was an American music publishing firm formed in 1942 by Roy Acuff and Fred Rose in Nashville, Tennessee. Acuff-Rose's honest behavior towards their writers set them apart from other music publishing firms at the time and led them to fame throughout the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Currently, the company's catalog is owned by Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Acuff-Rose was formed by country music performer Roy Acuff and Fred Rose, a major Nashville music-industry figure who had a respected ability as a talent scout. Many country performers had been badly cheated in the past with regard to copyright and other rights to their creations. Many were unsophisticated and naive and were taken advantage of by unscrupulous agents, attorneys, record promoters, record labels and others. When they started their publishing company, a condition to the gentleman's agreement between Acuff and Rose was that \"our company would be honest. The writers would always be taken care of. No one would act in a shady way. \" Acuff-Rose was affiliated with BMI and had a subsidiary firm, Milene Music, which handled music from ASCAP member composers. Acuff-Rose had its headquarters on 8th Avenue South in the Melrose district of Nashville and was something of a landmark to those knowledgeable of the music industry. It was here that Hank Williams, to prove his ability to Rose, wrote what would become a major hit song (\"A Mansion on the Hill\") while Rose went out to a nearby restaurant for a cup of coffee. On Fred Rose's death in 1954, his son Wesley Rose served as president of Acuff-Rose. Wesley Rose led the publishing company for the next 30 years.", "Wreck on the Highway (1938 song) \"Wreck on the Highway\" is a classic bluegrass song most commonly associated with Roy Acuff. \"Wreck on the Highway\" tells the story of an automobile accident, with implication of alcohol abuse (\"whiskey and blood run together\") and moral religious language (\"Their soul has been called by the Master... But I didn't hear nobody pray... It'll be too late if tomorrow you'll fall by a crash by the way... And you can't hear nobody pray\"). \"Wreck on the Highway\" was written in 1937 by Dorsey Dixon after a serious accident near Rockingham, North Carolina and was first recorded (under the title \"Didn't Hear Nobody Pray\") in Charlotte, North Carolina in 1938. It was recorded in 1940 by the Chicago-based country duo Karl and Harty (Karl Davis and Harty Taylor). The best-known version was recorded by Roy Acuff And His Smoky Mountain Boys in Hollywood in 1942. Wilma Lee Cooper and her husband Stoney Cooper released a version as the B side of their 1961 single \"Night After Night\". George Jones and Gene Pitney recorded a version (under the name \"George and Gene\"), released as a single in 1965, Hank Locklin recorded the song for his 1962 album \"A Tribute to Roy Acuff, King of Country Music\", and the Louvin Brothers also recorded the song. The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band included the song on their 1972 album \"Will the Circle be Unbroken\"; Roy Acuff took the lead vocal. Ricky Skaggs and The Whites recorded the song on their 2007 album \"Salt of the Earth\", and Merle Haggard and Chester Smith released a duet of the song on their country-gospel album \"California Blend\".", "In 1994, Opryland began upcharging for the concerts and added two venues (Theater By The Lake and the Roy Acuff Theater) to the series, billing it as \"Nashville On Stage\". As part of this, the Chevrolet-Geo Theater and Theater By The Lake venues were expanded and partially enclosed. Alabama, George Jones, Tammy Wynette, Tanya Tucker, and The Oak Ridge Boys took up residency at the park during the summer of 1994, occupying the Chevrolet-Geo Celebrity Theater and Theater By The Lake, while the conventional concert series, featuring traveling artists, moved to the Roy Acuff Theater. During the day, the Roy Acuff Theater also hosted a live version of \"Hee Haw\" based on the long-running TV series. After lackluster ticket sales, the multi-venue series was significantly scaled back after 1994. By Opryland's final season in 1997, only the Chevrolet Theater was hosting concerts. During the summer of 1993, the popular Mark Goodson game show \" Family Feud\" traveled to Opryland and taped several weeks of episodes at the Chevrolet-Geo Celebrity Theater, which opened the show's sixth and final season with Ray Combs as host. These syndicated episodes began airing in September and featured some of country music's brightest stars including Porter Wagoner, Boxcar Willie, Charley Pride, Brenda Lee, the Mandrells, and the Statler Brothers, as well as at least one week of regular Nashville families playing against each other. , it remains the only time in the history of the long-running series that episodes have been taped outside of its home studio."], "answer": {"text": "Ida (nee Carr) and Simon E. Neill Acuff,", "answer_start": 68}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Roy Acuff born?", "answer": {"text": "Maynardville, Tennessee,", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_99e99af94f174336a504ed3ee113752b_1_q#2", "question": "did he have sibings", "rewrite": "Did Roy Acuff have sibings?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Wreck on the Highway (1938 song) \"Wreck on the Highway\" is a classic bluegrass song most commonly associated with Roy Acuff. \"Wreck on the Highway\" tells the story of an automobile accident, with implication of alcohol abuse (\"whiskey and blood run together\") and moral religious language (\"Their soul has been called by the Master... But I didn't hear nobody pray... It'll be too late if tomorrow you'll fall by a crash by the way... And you can't hear nobody pray\"). \"Wreck on the Highway\" was written in 1937 by Dorsey Dixon after a serious accident near Rockingham, North Carolina and was first recorded (under the title \"Didn't Hear Nobody Pray\") in Charlotte, North Carolina in 1938. It was recorded in 1940 by the Chicago-based country duo Karl and Harty (Karl Davis and Harty Taylor). The best-known version was recorded by Roy Acuff And His Smoky Mountain Boys in Hollywood in 1942. Wilma Lee Cooper and her husband Stoney Cooper released a version as the B side of their 1961 single \"Night After Night\". George Jones and Gene Pitney recorded a version (under the name \"George and Gene\"), released as a single in 1965, Hank Locklin recorded the song for his 1962 album \"A Tribute to Roy Acuff, King of Country Music\", and the Louvin Brothers also recorded the song. The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band included the song on their 1972 album \"Will the Circle be Unbroken\"; Roy Acuff took the lead vocal. Ricky Skaggs and The Whites recorded the song on their 2007 album \"Salt of the Earth\", and Merle Haggard and Chester Smith released a duet of the song on their country-gospel album \"California Blend\".", "Acuff -Rose Music Acuff-Rose Music was an American music publishing firm formed in 1942 by Roy Acuff and Fred Rose in Nashville, Tennessee. Acuff-Rose's honest behavior towards their writers set them apart from other music publishing firms at the time and led them to fame throughout the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Currently, the company's catalog is owned by Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Acuff-Rose was formed by country music performer Roy Acuff and Fred Rose, a major Nashville music-industry figure who had a respected ability as a talent scout. Many country performers had been badly cheated in the past with regard to copyright and other rights to their creations. Many were unsophisticated and naive and were taken advantage of by unscrupulous agents, attorneys, record promoters, record labels and others. When they started their publishing company, a condition to the gentleman's agreement between Acuff and Rose was that \"our company would be honest. The writers would always be taken care of. No one would act in a shady way. \" Acuff-Rose was affiliated with BMI and had a subsidiary firm, Milene Music, which handled music from ASCAP member composers. Acuff-Rose had its headquarters on 8th Avenue South in the Melrose district of Nashville and was something of a landmark to those knowledgeable of the music industry. It was here that Hank Williams, to prove his ability to Rose, wrote what would become a major hit song (\"A Mansion on the Hill\") while Rose went out to a nearby restaurant for a cup of coffee. On Fred Rose's death in 1954, his son Wesley Rose served as president of Acuff-Rose. Wesley Rose led the publishing company for the next 30 years.", "In 1994, Opryland began upcharging for the concerts and added two venues (Theater By The Lake and the Roy Acuff Theater) to the series, billing it as \"Nashville On Stage\". As part of this, the Chevrolet-Geo Theater and Theater By The Lake venues were expanded and partially enclosed. Alabama, George Jones, Tammy Wynette, Tanya Tucker, and The Oak Ridge Boys took up residency at the park during the summer of 1994, occupying the Chevrolet-Geo Celebrity Theater and Theater By The Lake, while the conventional concert series, featuring traveling artists, moved to the Roy Acuff Theater. During the day, the Roy Acuff Theater also hosted a live version of \"Hee Haw\" based on the long-running TV series. After lackluster ticket sales, the multi-venue series was significantly scaled back after 1994. By Opryland's final season in 1997, only the Chevrolet Theater was hosting concerts. During the summer of 1993, the popular Mark Goodson game show \" Family Feud\" traveled to Opryland and taped several weeks of episodes at the Chevrolet-Geo Celebrity Theater, which opened the show's sixth and final season with Ray Combs as host. These syndicated episodes began airing in September and featured some of country music's brightest stars including Porter Wagoner, Boxcar Willie, Charley Pride, Brenda Lee, the Mandrells, and the Statler Brothers, as well as at least one week of regular Nashville families playing against each other. , it remains the only time in the history of the long-running series that episodes have been taped outside of its home studio.", "Webb was the lead singer, despite being the youngest of three children. Webb's soprano voice became noticeable, and she went solo performing on her own in stints at the Grand Ole Opry. In 1954, she signed with RCA Records on a $200 a week contract, but this ended in 1956 after having no success. She signed with Roy Acuff Show as the group's female singer in 1957. One magazine article called her \"The Prettiest Smokey Mountain Boy\", and was honored to have received Billboard Magazine\u2019s prestigious 'Most Promising Female Artist' award as voted on by country & western disc jockeys. Webb auditioned for Hickory Records in 1959 after Roy Acuff urged them to sign her, and she found herself signing with them a month later but before the first recording session she fell off a horse and suffered a broken/fractured leg. This delayed the recording session for three months as she had a 2-month hospital stay and one month recuperation at home. She recorded for Hickory from 1959 until 1964, with three successful songs and five singles released. Her appearances with Acuff's show took her all over the world, to Europe and to the Caribbean etc. She was a happy singer, leading a very private life. She became a member of the Grand Ole Opry in April 1961, performing regularly on their radio show broadcast from several places, near to where she was at the time. Webb performed her biggest hit, \"Looking Glass\" at the Opry on July 30, 1964 when she announced that she was s leaving the Roy Acuff Show. To the disappointment of the public, Webb left the Roy Acuff Show in September 1964, and on the verge of retirement according to a local Nashville newspaper.", "Jimmy Walker (country musician) Ernest Earl \"Jimmy\" Walker (December 18, 1915 \u2013 June 27, 1990) was an American country musician. Although relatively little has been written about Jimmy Walker, he ranks as an important figure in the development of country music. Not only did he record the first version of the country standard \"Detour\" in 1945, but to date he is the only man who ever replaced Roy Acuff on the Grand Ole Opry. He also recorded numerous other outstanding western swing-honky tonk numbers, appeared as a regular on Midwestern Hayride, WWVA Jamboree and Louisiana Hayride, and appeared in several motion pictures. Born Ernest E. Walker in Mason County, West Virginia on December 18, 1915, \"Jimmy\" did not opt for a regular musical career until the mid-forties. By this time, he had relocated to the West Coast which then was a booming region for country dance music. At his first record session he waxed the hit song \"Detour.\" The song's author, Paul Westmoreland, played steel guitar on the recording. A year later, Grand Ole Opry officials hired him to replace Roy Acuff who took an extended leave. At the time, they were much impressed not only with \"Detour\" but also \"Sioux City Sue\" and a fine heart song entitled \"Oh Why. \" Unfortunately for Jimmy, Roy Acuff chose to return to the Opry after a year. His recordings during that period (1945\u201347), all made in Los Angeles, featured such name musicians as Noel Boggs on steel guitar, Tex Atchison on fiddle, Cliffie Stone on bass, and Merle Travis on lead guitar."], "answer": {"text": "the third of their five children.", "answer_start": 109}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Roy Acuff born?", "answer": {"text": "Maynardville, Tennessee,", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents", "answer": {"text": "Ida (nee Carr) and Simon E. Neill Acuff,", "answer_start": 68, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_99e99af94f174336a504ed3ee113752b_1_q#3", "question": "where did he go to school", "rewrite": "Where did Roy Acuff go to school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jimmy Walker (country musician) Ernest Earl \"Jimmy\" Walker (December 18, 1915 \u2013 June 27, 1990) was an American country musician. Although relatively little has been written about Jimmy Walker, he ranks as an important figure in the development of country music. Not only did he record the first version of the country standard \"Detour\" in 1945, but to date he is the only man who ever replaced Roy Acuff on the Grand Ole Opry. He also recorded numerous other outstanding western swing-honky tonk numbers, appeared as a regular on Midwestern Hayride, WWVA Jamboree and Louisiana Hayride, and appeared in several motion pictures. Born Ernest E. Walker in Mason County, West Virginia on December 18, 1915, \"Jimmy\" did not opt for a regular musical career until the mid-forties. By this time, he had relocated to the West Coast which then was a booming region for country dance music. At his first record session he waxed the hit song \"Detour.\" The song's author, Paul Westmoreland, played steel guitar on the recording. A year later, Grand Ole Opry officials hired him to replace Roy Acuff who took an extended leave. At the time, they were much impressed not only with \"Detour\" but also \"Sioux City Sue\" and a fine heart song entitled \"Oh Why. \" Unfortunately for Jimmy, Roy Acuff chose to return to the Opry after a year. His recordings during that period (1945\u201347), all made in Los Angeles, featured such name musicians as Noel Boggs on steel guitar, Tex Atchison on fiddle, Cliffie Stone on bass, and Merle Travis on lead guitar.", "Webb was the lead singer, despite being the youngest of three children. Webb's soprano voice became noticeable, and she went solo performing on her own in stints at the Grand Ole Opry. In 1954, she signed with RCA Records on a $200 a week contract, but this ended in 1956 after having no success. She signed with Roy Acuff Show as the group's female singer in 1957. One magazine article called her \"The Prettiest Smokey Mountain Boy\", and was honored to have received Billboard Magazine\u2019s prestigious 'Most Promising Female Artist' award as voted on by country & western disc jockeys. Webb auditioned for Hickory Records in 1959 after Roy Acuff urged them to sign her, and she found herself signing with them a month later but before the first recording session she fell off a horse and suffered a broken/fractured leg. This delayed the recording session for three months as she had a 2-month hospital stay and one month recuperation at home. She recorded for Hickory from 1959 until 1964, with three successful songs and five singles released. Her appearances with Acuff's show took her all over the world, to Europe and to the Caribbean etc. She was a happy singer, leading a very private life. She became a member of the Grand Ole Opry in April 1961, performing regularly on their radio show broadcast from several places, near to where she was at the time. Webb performed her biggest hit, \"Looking Glass\" at the Opry on July 30, 1964 when she announced that she was s leaving the Roy Acuff Show. To the disappointment of the public, Webb left the Roy Acuff Show in September 1964, and on the verge of retirement according to a local Nashville newspaper.", "Wreck on the Highway (1938 song) \"Wreck on the Highway\" is a classic bluegrass song most commonly associated with Roy Acuff. \"Wreck on the Highway\" tells the story of an automobile accident, with implication of alcohol abuse (\"whiskey and blood run together\") and moral religious language (\"Their soul has been called by the Master... But I didn't hear nobody pray... It'll be too late if tomorrow you'll fall by a crash by the way... And you can't hear nobody pray\"). \"Wreck on the Highway\" was written in 1937 by Dorsey Dixon after a serious accident near Rockingham, North Carolina and was first recorded (under the title \"Didn't Hear Nobody Pray\") in Charlotte, North Carolina in 1938. It was recorded in 1940 by the Chicago-based country duo Karl and Harty (Karl Davis and Harty Taylor). The best-known version was recorded by Roy Acuff And His Smoky Mountain Boys in Hollywood in 1942. Wilma Lee Cooper and her husband Stoney Cooper released a version as the B side of their 1961 single \"Night After Night\". George Jones and Gene Pitney recorded a version (under the name \"George and Gene\"), released as a single in 1965, Hank Locklin recorded the song for his 1962 album \"A Tribute to Roy Acuff, King of Country Music\", and the Louvin Brothers also recorded the song. The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band included the song on their 1972 album \"Will the Circle be Unbroken\"; Roy Acuff took the lead vocal. Ricky Skaggs and The Whites recorded the song on their 2007 album \"Salt of the Earth\", and Merle Haggard and Chester Smith released a duet of the song on their country-gospel album \"California Blend\".", "Acuff -Rose Music Acuff-Rose Music was an American music publishing firm formed in 1942 by Roy Acuff and Fred Rose in Nashville, Tennessee. Acuff-Rose's honest behavior towards their writers set them apart from other music publishing firms at the time and led them to fame throughout the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Currently, the company's catalog is owned by Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Acuff-Rose was formed by country music performer Roy Acuff and Fred Rose, a major Nashville music-industry figure who had a respected ability as a talent scout. Many country performers had been badly cheated in the past with regard to copyright and other rights to their creations. Many were unsophisticated and naive and were taken advantage of by unscrupulous agents, attorneys, record promoters, record labels and others. When they started their publishing company, a condition to the gentleman's agreement between Acuff and Rose was that \"our company would be honest. The writers would always be taken care of. No one would act in a shady way. \" Acuff-Rose was affiliated with BMI and had a subsidiary firm, Milene Music, which handled music from ASCAP member composers. Acuff-Rose had its headquarters on 8th Avenue South in the Melrose district of Nashville and was something of a landmark to those knowledgeable of the music industry. It was here that Hank Williams, to prove his ability to Rose, wrote what would become a major hit song (\"A Mansion on the Hill\") while Rose went out to a nearby restaurant for a cup of coffee. On Fred Rose's death in 1954, his son Wesley Rose served as president of Acuff-Rose. Wesley Rose led the publishing company for the next 30 years.", "In 1994, Opryland began upcharging for the concerts and added two venues (Theater By The Lake and the Roy Acuff Theater) to the series, billing it as \"Nashville On Stage\". As part of this, the Chevrolet-Geo Theater and Theater By The Lake venues were expanded and partially enclosed. Alabama, George Jones, Tammy Wynette, Tanya Tucker, and The Oak Ridge Boys took up residency at the park during the summer of 1994, occupying the Chevrolet-Geo Celebrity Theater and Theater By The Lake, while the conventional concert series, featuring traveling artists, moved to the Roy Acuff Theater. During the day, the Roy Acuff Theater also hosted a live version of \"Hee Haw\" based on the long-running TV series. After lackluster ticket sales, the multi-venue series was significantly scaled back after 1994. By Opryland's final season in 1997, only the Chevrolet Theater was hosting concerts. During the summer of 1993, the popular Mark Goodson game show \" Family Feud\" traveled to Opryland and taped several weeks of episodes at the Chevrolet-Geo Celebrity Theater, which opened the show's sixth and final season with Ray Combs as host. These syndicated episodes began airing in September and featured some of country music's brightest stars including Porter Wagoner, Boxcar Willie, Charley Pride, Brenda Lee, the Mandrells, and the Statler Brothers, as well as at least one week of regular Nashville families playing against each other. , it remains the only time in the history of the long-running series that episodes have been taped outside of its home studio."], "answer": {"text": "Roy attended Central High School,", "answer_start": 794}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Roy Acuff born?", "answer": {"text": "Maynardville, Tennessee,", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents", "answer": {"text": "Ida (nee Carr) and Simon E. Neill Acuff,", "answer_start": 68, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have sibings", "answer": {"text": "the third of their five children.", "answer_start": 109, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_99e99af94f174336a504ed3ee113752b_1_q#4", "question": "did he go to college?", "rewrite": "Did Roy Acuff go to college?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["In 1994, Opryland began upcharging for the concerts and added two venues (Theater By The Lake and the Roy Acuff Theater) to the series, billing it as \"Nashville On Stage\". As part of this, the Chevrolet-Geo Theater and Theater By The Lake venues were expanded and partially enclosed. Alabama, George Jones, Tammy Wynette, Tanya Tucker, and The Oak Ridge Boys took up residency at the park during the summer of 1994, occupying the Chevrolet-Geo Celebrity Theater and Theater By The Lake, while the conventional concert series, featuring traveling artists, moved to the Roy Acuff Theater. During the day, the Roy Acuff Theater also hosted a live version of \"Hee Haw\" based on the long-running TV series. After lackluster ticket sales, the multi-venue series was significantly scaled back after 1994. By Opryland's final season in 1997, only the Chevrolet Theater was hosting concerts. During the summer of 1993, the popular Mark Goodson game show \" Family Feud\" traveled to Opryland and taped several weeks of episodes at the Chevrolet-Geo Celebrity Theater, which opened the show's sixth and final season with Ray Combs as host. These syndicated episodes began airing in September and featured some of country music's brightest stars including Porter Wagoner, Boxcar Willie, Charley Pride, Brenda Lee, the Mandrells, and the Statler Brothers, as well as at least one week of regular Nashville families playing against each other. , it remains the only time in the history of the long-running series that episodes have been taped outside of its home studio.", "Wreck on the Highway (1938 song) \"Wreck on the Highway\" is a classic bluegrass song most commonly associated with Roy Acuff. \"Wreck on the Highway\" tells the story of an automobile accident, with implication of alcohol abuse (\"whiskey and blood run together\") and moral religious language (\"Their soul has been called by the Master... But I didn't hear nobody pray... It'll be too late if tomorrow you'll fall by a crash by the way... And you can't hear nobody pray\"). \"Wreck on the Highway\" was written in 1937 by Dorsey Dixon after a serious accident near Rockingham, North Carolina and was first recorded (under the title \"Didn't Hear Nobody Pray\") in Charlotte, North Carolina in 1938. It was recorded in 1940 by the Chicago-based country duo Karl and Harty (Karl Davis and Harty Taylor). The best-known version was recorded by Roy Acuff And His Smoky Mountain Boys in Hollywood in 1942. Wilma Lee Cooper and her husband Stoney Cooper released a version as the B side of their 1961 single \"Night After Night\". George Jones and Gene Pitney recorded a version (under the name \"George and Gene\"), released as a single in 1965, Hank Locklin recorded the song for his 1962 album \"A Tribute to Roy Acuff, King of Country Music\", and the Louvin Brothers also recorded the song. The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band included the song on their 1972 album \"Will the Circle be Unbroken\"; Roy Acuff took the lead vocal. Ricky Skaggs and The Whites recorded the song on their 2007 album \"Salt of the Earth\", and Merle Haggard and Chester Smith released a duet of the song on their country-gospel album \"California Blend\".", "It was planned to be a joint venture with Dolly Parton and Herschend Family Entertainment (owners/operators of Dollywood in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee) and was expected to open in 2014, but Parton and Herschend backed out of the plans a few months later, citing Gaylord's decision to sell the rights to operate its hotel chain to Marriott International as a reason for exiting. As a result of the joint venture's collapse, the project was scrapped. As the company transitioned into a real estate investment trust in 2012, Gaylord Entertainment was renamed Ryman Hospitality Properties. The Opryland site was flooded in early May 2010, after two days of torrential downpours in the Nashville area caused the Cumberland River to overflow its banks. The flood itself did not destroy any buildings on Gaylord's property, but every building on site was severely damaged by the floodwater. Buildings that were demolished\u2014rather than repaired\u2014after the flood include the Roy Acuff Theater, Gaslight Theater, the Gaylord University building, the WSM administration buildings (former Minnie Pearl and Roy Acuff museums), and the former Opryland Hospitality Center. Gaylord Opryland, the Grand Ole Opry House, and the General Jackson were closed for several months and all reopened in late 2010. The Grand Ole Opry Museum has remained closed, though the building underwent remediation following the flood. The fate of its contents is unknown. Opry Mills became entangled in a legal battle over flood insurance payout (which, as of March 2015, is ongoing), stalling its flood repairs for several months, and fully reopened on March 29, 2012. , the Grand Ole Opry House, Roy Acuff's former home, and the building that once housed the Grand Ole Opry Museum are the only theme park-era structures remaining on the property.", "Acuff -Rose Music Acuff-Rose Music was an American music publishing firm formed in 1942 by Roy Acuff and Fred Rose in Nashville, Tennessee. Acuff-Rose's honest behavior towards their writers set them apart from other music publishing firms at the time and led them to fame throughout the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Currently, the company's catalog is owned by Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Acuff-Rose was formed by country music performer Roy Acuff and Fred Rose, a major Nashville music-industry figure who had a respected ability as a talent scout. Many country performers had been badly cheated in the past with regard to copyright and other rights to their creations. Many were unsophisticated and naive and were taken advantage of by unscrupulous agents, attorneys, record promoters, record labels and others. When they started their publishing company, a condition to the gentleman's agreement between Acuff and Rose was that \"our company would be honest. The writers would always be taken care of. No one would act in a shady way. \" Acuff-Rose was affiliated with BMI and had a subsidiary firm, Milene Music, which handled music from ASCAP member composers. Acuff-Rose had its headquarters on 8th Avenue South in the Melrose district of Nashville and was something of a landmark to those knowledgeable of the music industry. It was here that Hank Williams, to prove his ability to Rose, wrote what would become a major hit song (\"A Mansion on the Hill\") while Rose went out to a nearby restaurant for a cup of coffee. On Fred Rose's death in 1954, his son Wesley Rose served as president of Acuff-Rose. Wesley Rose led the publishing company for the next 30 years.", "Webb was the lead singer, despite being the youngest of three children. Webb's soprano voice became noticeable, and she went solo performing on her own in stints at the Grand Ole Opry. In 1954, she signed with RCA Records on a $200 a week contract, but this ended in 1956 after having no success. She signed with Roy Acuff Show as the group's female singer in 1957. One magazine article called her \"The Prettiest Smokey Mountain Boy\", and was honored to have received Billboard Magazine\u2019s prestigious 'Most Promising Female Artist' award as voted on by country & western disc jockeys. Webb auditioned for Hickory Records in 1959 after Roy Acuff urged them to sign her, and she found herself signing with them a month later but before the first recording session she fell off a horse and suffered a broken/fractured leg. This delayed the recording session for three months as she had a 2-month hospital stay and one month recuperation at home. She recorded for Hickory from 1959 until 1964, with three successful songs and five singles released. Her appearances with Acuff's show took her all over the world, to Europe and to the Caribbean etc. She was a happy singer, leading a very private life. She became a member of the Grand Ole Opry in April 1961, performing regularly on their radio show broadcast from several places, near to where she was at the time. Webb performed her biggest hit, \"Looking Glass\" at the Opry on July 30, 1964 when she announced that she was s leaving the Roy Acuff Show. To the disappointment of the public, Webb left the Roy Acuff Show in September 1964, and on the verge of retirement according to a local Nashville newspaper."], "answer": {"text": "was offered a scholarship to Carson-Newman University but turned it down.", "answer_start": 1028}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Roy Acuff born?", "answer": {"text": "Maynardville, Tennessee,", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents", "answer": {"text": "Ida (nee Carr) and Simon E. Neill Acuff,", "answer_start": 68, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have sibings", "answer": {"text": "the third of their five children.", "answer_start": 109, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he go to school", "answer": {"text": "Roy attended Central High School,", "answer_start": 794, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_99e99af94f174336a504ed3ee113752b_1_q#6", "question": "what else did he do during his early years?", "rewrite": "Besides attending Central High School, what else did Roy Acuff do during his early years?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Wreck on the Highway (1938 song) \"Wreck on the Highway\" is a classic bluegrass song most commonly associated with Roy Acuff. \"Wreck on the Highway\" tells the story of an automobile accident, with implication of alcohol abuse (\"whiskey and blood run together\") and moral religious language (\"Their soul has been called by the Master... But I didn't hear nobody pray... It'll be too late if tomorrow you'll fall by a crash by the way... And you can't hear nobody pray\"). \"Wreck on the Highway\" was written in 1937 by Dorsey Dixon after a serious accident near Rockingham, North Carolina and was first recorded (under the title \"Didn't Hear Nobody Pray\") in Charlotte, North Carolina in 1938. It was recorded in 1940 by the Chicago-based country duo Karl and Harty (Karl Davis and Harty Taylor). The best-known version was recorded by Roy Acuff And His Smoky Mountain Boys in Hollywood in 1942. Wilma Lee Cooper and her husband Stoney Cooper released a version as the B side of their 1961 single \"Night After Night\". George Jones and Gene Pitney recorded a version (under the name \"George and Gene\"), released as a single in 1965, Hank Locklin recorded the song for his 1962 album \"A Tribute to Roy Acuff, King of Country Music\", and the Louvin Brothers also recorded the song. The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band included the song on their 1972 album \"Will the Circle be Unbroken\"; Roy Acuff took the lead vocal. Ricky Skaggs and The Whites recorded the song on their 2007 album \"Salt of the Earth\", and Merle Haggard and Chester Smith released a duet of the song on their country-gospel album \"California Blend\".", "Her 1.95m at the Texas Relays at age 36 on March 31, 2012 should qualify as the W35 American Masters record. Just 17 days before her 40th birthday, on June 28, 2015, Acuff placed third at the USATF track championships in Eugene, Oregon, potentially qualifying her for 2015's US delegation to the world championships in Beijing, however she needed jump of 1.94 meters, the qualifying standard. She, and all of the other American women, were ultimately unable to meet this standard and could not compete in Beijing. She was Inducted into the Texas Track and Field Coaches Hall of Fame, Class of 2015. Amy Acuff is also known for her career as a model. She was the subject of modeling projects, media stories, and photography relating to her sports career as a track and field athlete. Acuff was even featured on national television commercials. A new challenge was taken in 1999 as she successfully organized the making of the \"2000 Omnilite Millennium Calendar of Champions\", which featured nude/semi-nude photographs of Acuff and 11 other U.S. female track and field stars, with half the proceeds going to the Florence Griffith-Joyner Youth Foundation. Acuff's cover appearances include: Acuff graduated from Calallen High School in Corpus Christi, Texas. She attended UCLA and was inducted into the UCLA Athletics Hall of Fame in 2007. Acuff went on to study at the Academy of Oriental Medicine in Austin, Texas, and become a licensed acupuncturist. She is distantly related to country musician Roy Acuff (her grandfather's second cousin). She is married to Tye Harvey, a retired pole vaulter. They have a daughter, Elsa. In addition to being a model, Acuff is also an artist with work on display with the Art of the Olympians.", "Acuff -Rose Music Acuff-Rose Music was an American music publishing firm formed in 1942 by Roy Acuff and Fred Rose in Nashville, Tennessee. Acuff-Rose's honest behavior towards their writers set them apart from other music publishing firms at the time and led them to fame throughout the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Currently, the company's catalog is owned by Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Acuff-Rose was formed by country music performer Roy Acuff and Fred Rose, a major Nashville music-industry figure who had a respected ability as a talent scout. Many country performers had been badly cheated in the past with regard to copyright and other rights to their creations. Many were unsophisticated and naive and were taken advantage of by unscrupulous agents, attorneys, record promoters, record labels and others. When they started their publishing company, a condition to the gentleman's agreement between Acuff and Rose was that \"our company would be honest. The writers would always be taken care of. No one would act in a shady way. \" Acuff-Rose was affiliated with BMI and had a subsidiary firm, Milene Music, which handled music from ASCAP member composers. Acuff-Rose had its headquarters on 8th Avenue South in the Melrose district of Nashville and was something of a landmark to those knowledgeable of the music industry. It was here that Hank Williams, to prove his ability to Rose, wrote what would become a major hit song (\"A Mansion on the Hill\") while Rose went out to a nearby restaurant for a cup of coffee. On Fred Rose's death in 1954, his son Wesley Rose served as president of Acuff-Rose. Wesley Rose led the publishing company for the next 30 years.", "Acuff was born on September 15, 1903 in Maynardville, Tennessee, to Ida (nee Carr) and Simon E. Neill Acuff, the third of their five children. The Acuffs were a fairly prominent family in Union County. Roy's paternal grandfather, Coram Acuff, had been a Tennessee state senator, and his maternal grandfather was a local physician. Roy's father was an accomplished fiddler and a Baptist preacher, his mother was proficient on the piano, and during Roy's early years the Acuff house was a popular place for local gatherings. At such gatherings, Roy would often amuse people by balancing farm tools on his chin. He also learned to play the harmonica and jaw harp at an early age. In 1919, the Acuff family relocated to Fountain City (now a suburb of Knoxville), a few miles south of Maynardville. Roy attended Central High School, where he sang in the school chapel's choir and performed in \"every play they had.\" His primary passion, however, was athletics. He was a three-sport standout at Central and, after graduating in 1925, was offered a scholarship to Carson-Newman University but turned it down. He played with several small baseball clubs around Knoxville, worked at odd jobs, and occasionally boxed. In 1929, Acuff tried out for the Knoxville Smokies, a minor-league baseball team then affiliated with the New York Giants (now the San Francisco Giants). A series of collapses in spring training following a sunstroke, however, ended his baseball career. The effects left him ill for several years, and he suffered a nervous breakdown in 1930. \"I couldn't stand any sunshine at all,\" he later recalled.", "Webb was the lead singer, despite being the youngest of three children. Webb's soprano voice became noticeable, and she went solo performing on her own in stints at the Grand Ole Opry. In 1954, she signed with RCA Records on a $200 a week contract, but this ended in 1956 after having no success. She signed with Roy Acuff Show as the group's female singer in 1957. One magazine article called her \"The Prettiest Smokey Mountain Boy\", and was honored to have received Billboard Magazine\u2019s prestigious 'Most Promising Female Artist' award as voted on by country & western disc jockeys. Webb auditioned for Hickory Records in 1959 after Roy Acuff urged them to sign her, and she found herself signing with them a month later but before the first recording session she fell off a horse and suffered a broken/fractured leg. This delayed the recording session for three months as she had a 2-month hospital stay and one month recuperation at home. She recorded for Hickory from 1959 until 1964, with three successful songs and five singles released. Her appearances with Acuff's show took her all over the world, to Europe and to the Caribbean etc. She was a happy singer, leading a very private life. She became a member of the Grand Ole Opry in April 1961, performing regularly on their radio show broadcast from several places, near to where she was at the time. Webb performed her biggest hit, \"Looking Glass\" at the Opry on July 30, 1964 when she announced that she was s leaving the Roy Acuff Show. To the disappointment of the public, Webb left the Roy Acuff Show in September 1964, and on the verge of retirement according to a local Nashville newspaper."], "answer": {"text": "In 1929, Acuff tried out for the Knoxville Smokies, a minor-league baseball team", "answer_start": 1208}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Roy Acuff born?", "answer": {"text": "Maynardville, Tennessee,", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents", "answer": {"text": "Ida (nee Carr) and Simon E. Neill Acuff,", "answer_start": 68, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have sibings", "answer": {"text": "the third of their five children.", "answer_start": 109, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he go to school", "answer": {"text": "Roy attended Central High School,", "answer_start": 794, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "was offered a scholarship to Carson-Newman University but turned it down.", "answer_start": 1028, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he turn it down", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_99e99af94f174336a504ed3ee113752b_1_q#7", "question": "did he make the team?", "rewrite": "Did Roy Acuff make the minor-league baseball team?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Wreck on the Highway (1938 song) \"Wreck on the Highway\" is a classic bluegrass song most commonly associated with Roy Acuff. \"Wreck on the Highway\" tells the story of an automobile accident, with implication of alcohol abuse (\"whiskey and blood run together\") and moral religious language (\"Their soul has been called by the Master... But I didn't hear nobody pray... It'll be too late if tomorrow you'll fall by a crash by the way... And you can't hear nobody pray\"). \"Wreck on the Highway\" was written in 1937 by Dorsey Dixon after a serious accident near Rockingham, North Carolina and was first recorded (under the title \"Didn't Hear Nobody Pray\") in Charlotte, North Carolina in 1938. It was recorded in 1940 by the Chicago-based country duo Karl and Harty (Karl Davis and Harty Taylor). The best-known version was recorded by Roy Acuff And His Smoky Mountain Boys in Hollywood in 1942. Wilma Lee Cooper and her husband Stoney Cooper released a version as the B side of their 1961 single \"Night After Night\". George Jones and Gene Pitney recorded a version (under the name \"George and Gene\"), released as a single in 1965, Hank Locklin recorded the song for his 1962 album \"A Tribute to Roy Acuff, King of Country Music\", and the Louvin Brothers also recorded the song. The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band included the song on their 1972 album \"Will the Circle be Unbroken\"; Roy Acuff took the lead vocal. Ricky Skaggs and The Whites recorded the song on their 2007 album \"Salt of the Earth\", and Merle Haggard and Chester Smith released a duet of the song on their country-gospel album \"California Blend\".", "It was planned to be a joint venture with Dolly Parton and Herschend Family Entertainment (owners/operators of Dollywood in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee) and was expected to open in 2014, but Parton and Herschend backed out of the plans a few months later, citing Gaylord's decision to sell the rights to operate its hotel chain to Marriott International as a reason for exiting. As a result of the joint venture's collapse, the project was scrapped. As the company transitioned into a real estate investment trust in 2012, Gaylord Entertainment was renamed Ryman Hospitality Properties. The Opryland site was flooded in early May 2010, after two days of torrential downpours in the Nashville area caused the Cumberland River to overflow its banks. The flood itself did not destroy any buildings on Gaylord's property, but every building on site was severely damaged by the floodwater. Buildings that were demolished\u2014rather than repaired\u2014after the flood include the Roy Acuff Theater, Gaslight Theater, the Gaylord University building, the WSM administration buildings (former Minnie Pearl and Roy Acuff museums), and the former Opryland Hospitality Center. Gaylord Opryland, the Grand Ole Opry House, and the General Jackson were closed for several months and all reopened in late 2010. The Grand Ole Opry Museum has remained closed, though the building underwent remediation following the flood. The fate of its contents is unknown. Opry Mills became entangled in a legal battle over flood insurance payout (which, as of March 2015, is ongoing), stalling its flood repairs for several months, and fully reopened on March 29, 2012. , the Grand Ole Opry House, Roy Acuff's former home, and the building that once housed the Grand Ole Opry Museum are the only theme park-era structures remaining on the property.", "Acuff -Rose Music Acuff-Rose Music was an American music publishing firm formed in 1942 by Roy Acuff and Fred Rose in Nashville, Tennessee. Acuff-Rose's honest behavior towards their writers set them apart from other music publishing firms at the time and led them to fame throughout the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Currently, the company's catalog is owned by Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Acuff-Rose was formed by country music performer Roy Acuff and Fred Rose, a major Nashville music-industry figure who had a respected ability as a talent scout. Many country performers had been badly cheated in the past with regard to copyright and other rights to their creations. Many were unsophisticated and naive and were taken advantage of by unscrupulous agents, attorneys, record promoters, record labels and others. When they started their publishing company, a condition to the gentleman's agreement between Acuff and Rose was that \"our company would be honest. The writers would always be taken care of. No one would act in a shady way. \" Acuff-Rose was affiliated with BMI and had a subsidiary firm, Milene Music, which handled music from ASCAP member composers. Acuff-Rose had its headquarters on 8th Avenue South in the Melrose district of Nashville and was something of a landmark to those knowledgeable of the music industry. It was here that Hank Williams, to prove his ability to Rose, wrote what would become a major hit song (\"A Mansion on the Hill\") while Rose went out to a nearby restaurant for a cup of coffee. On Fred Rose's death in 1954, his son Wesley Rose served as president of Acuff-Rose. Wesley Rose led the publishing company for the next 30 years.", "Webb was the lead singer, despite being the youngest of three children. Webb's soprano voice became noticeable, and she went solo performing on her own in stints at the Grand Ole Opry. In 1954, she signed with RCA Records on a $200 a week contract, but this ended in 1956 after having no success. She signed with Roy Acuff Show as the group's female singer in 1957. One magazine article called her \"The Prettiest Smokey Mountain Boy\", and was honored to have received Billboard Magazine\u2019s prestigious 'Most Promising Female Artist' award as voted on by country & western disc jockeys. Webb auditioned for Hickory Records in 1959 after Roy Acuff urged them to sign her, and she found herself signing with them a month later but before the first recording session she fell off a horse and suffered a broken/fractured leg. This delayed the recording session for three months as she had a 2-month hospital stay and one month recuperation at home. She recorded for Hickory from 1959 until 1964, with three successful songs and five singles released. Her appearances with Acuff's show took her all over the world, to Europe and to the Caribbean etc. She was a happy singer, leading a very private life. She became a member of the Grand Ole Opry in April 1961, performing regularly on their radio show broadcast from several places, near to where she was at the time. Webb performed her biggest hit, \"Looking Glass\" at the Opry on July 30, 1964 when she announced that she was s leaving the Roy Acuff Show. To the disappointment of the public, Webb left the Roy Acuff Show in September 1964, and on the verge of retirement according to a local Nashville newspaper.", "Acuff was born on September 15, 1903 in Maynardville, Tennessee, to Ida (nee Carr) and Simon E. Neill Acuff, the third of their five children. The Acuffs were a fairly prominent family in Union County. Roy's paternal grandfather, Coram Acuff, had been a Tennessee state senator, and his maternal grandfather was a local physician. Roy's father was an accomplished fiddler and a Baptist preacher, his mother was proficient on the piano, and during Roy's early years the Acuff house was a popular place for local gatherings. At such gatherings, Roy would often amuse people by balancing farm tools on his chin. He also learned to play the harmonica and jaw harp at an early age. In 1919, the Acuff family relocated to Fountain City (now a suburb of Knoxville), a few miles south of Maynardville. Roy attended Central High School, where he sang in the school chapel's choir and performed in \"every play they had.\" His primary passion, however, was athletics. He was a three-sport standout at Central and, after graduating in 1925, was offered a scholarship to Carson-Newman University but turned it down. He played with several small baseball clubs around Knoxville, worked at odd jobs, and occasionally boxed. In 1929, Acuff tried out for the Knoxville Smokies, a minor-league baseball team then affiliated with the New York Giants (now the San Francisco Giants). A series of collapses in spring training following a sunstroke, however, ended his baseball career. The effects left him ill for several years, and he suffered a nervous breakdown in 1930. \"I couldn't stand any sunshine at all,\" he later recalled."], "answer": {"text": "sunstroke, however, ended his baseball career.", "answer_start": 1415}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Where was Roy Acuff born?", "answer": {"text": "Maynardville, Tennessee,", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents", "answer": {"text": "Ida (nee Carr) and Simon E. Neill Acuff,", "answer_start": 68, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have sibings", "answer": {"text": "the third of their five children.", "answer_start": 109, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he go to school", "answer": {"text": "Roy attended Central High School,", "answer_start": 794, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "was offered a scholarship to Carson-Newman University but turned it down.", "answer_start": 1028, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he turn it down", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did he do during his early years?", "answer": {"text": "In 1929, Acuff tried out for the Knoxville Smokies, a minor-league baseball team", "answer_start": 1208, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_99e99af94f174336a504ed3ee113752b_1_q#8", "question": "did he have any other illnesses?", "rewrite": "Did Roy Acuff have any other illnesses in addition to sunstroke?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Jimmy Walker (country musician) Ernest Earl \"Jimmy\" Walker (December 18, 1915 \u2013 June 27, 1990) was an American country musician. Although relatively little has been written about Jimmy Walker, he ranks as an important figure in the development of country music. Not only did he record the first version of the country standard \"Detour\" in 1945, but to date he is the only man who ever replaced Roy Acuff on the Grand Ole Opry. He also recorded numerous other outstanding western swing-honky tonk numbers, appeared as a regular on Midwestern Hayride, WWVA Jamboree and Louisiana Hayride, and appeared in several motion pictures. Born Ernest E. Walker in Mason County, West Virginia on December 18, 1915, \"Jimmy\" did not opt for a regular musical career until the mid-forties. By this time, he had relocated to the West Coast which then was a booming region for country dance music. At his first record session he waxed the hit song \"Detour.\" The song's author, Paul Westmoreland, played steel guitar on the recording. A year later, Grand Ole Opry officials hired him to replace Roy Acuff who took an extended leave. At the time, they were much impressed not only with \"Detour\" but also \"Sioux City Sue\" and a fine heart song entitled \"Oh Why. \" Unfortunately for Jimmy, Roy Acuff chose to return to the Opry after a year. His recordings during that period (1945\u201347), all made in Los Angeles, featured such name musicians as Noel Boggs on steel guitar, Tex Atchison on fiddle, Cliffie Stone on bass, and Merle Travis on lead guitar.", "It was planned to be a joint venture with Dolly Parton and Herschend Family Entertainment (owners/operators of Dollywood in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee) and was expected to open in 2014, but Parton and Herschend backed out of the plans a few months later, citing Gaylord's decision to sell the rights to operate its hotel chain to Marriott International as a reason for exiting. As a result of the joint venture's collapse, the project was scrapped. As the company transitioned into a real estate investment trust in 2012, Gaylord Entertainment was renamed Ryman Hospitality Properties. The Opryland site was flooded in early May 2010, after two days of torrential downpours in the Nashville area caused the Cumberland River to overflow its banks. The flood itself did not destroy any buildings on Gaylord's property, but every building on site was severely damaged by the floodwater. Buildings that were demolished\u2014rather than repaired\u2014after the flood include the Roy Acuff Theater, Gaslight Theater, the Gaylord University building, the WSM administration buildings (former Minnie Pearl and Roy Acuff museums), and the former Opryland Hospitality Center. Gaylord Opryland, the Grand Ole Opry House, and the General Jackson were closed for several months and all reopened in late 2010. The Grand Ole Opry Museum has remained closed, though the building underwent remediation following the flood. The fate of its contents is unknown. Opry Mills became entangled in a legal battle over flood insurance payout (which, as of March 2015, is ongoing), stalling its flood repairs for several months, and fully reopened on March 29, 2012. , the Grand Ole Opry House, Roy Acuff's former home, and the building that once housed the Grand Ole Opry Museum are the only theme park-era structures remaining on the property.", "Wreck on the Highway (1938 song) \"Wreck on the Highway\" is a classic bluegrass song most commonly associated with Roy Acuff. \"Wreck on the Highway\" tells the story of an automobile accident, with implication of alcohol abuse (\"whiskey and blood run together\") and moral religious language (\"Their soul has been called by the Master... But I didn't hear nobody pray... It'll be too late if tomorrow you'll fall by a crash by the way... And you can't hear nobody pray\"). \"Wreck on the Highway\" was written in 1937 by Dorsey Dixon after a serious accident near Rockingham, North Carolina and was first recorded (under the title \"Didn't Hear Nobody Pray\") in Charlotte, North Carolina in 1938. It was recorded in 1940 by the Chicago-based country duo Karl and Harty (Karl Davis and Harty Taylor). The best-known version was recorded by Roy Acuff And His Smoky Mountain Boys in Hollywood in 1942. Wilma Lee Cooper and her husband Stoney Cooper released a version as the B side of their 1961 single \"Night After Night\". George Jones and Gene Pitney recorded a version (under the name \"George and Gene\"), released as a single in 1965, Hank Locklin recorded the song for his 1962 album \"A Tribute to Roy Acuff, King of Country Music\", and the Louvin Brothers also recorded the song. The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band included the song on their 1972 album \"Will the Circle be Unbroken\"; Roy Acuff took the lead vocal. Ricky Skaggs and The Whites recorded the song on their 2007 album \"Salt of the Earth\", and Merle Haggard and Chester Smith released a duet of the song on their country-gospel album \"California Blend\".", "Acuff -Rose Music Acuff-Rose Music was an American music publishing firm formed in 1942 by Roy Acuff and Fred Rose in Nashville, Tennessee. Acuff-Rose's honest behavior towards their writers set them apart from other music publishing firms at the time and led them to fame throughout the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Currently, the company's catalog is owned by Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Acuff-Rose was formed by country music performer Roy Acuff and Fred Rose, a major Nashville music-industry figure who had a respected ability as a talent scout. Many country performers had been badly cheated in the past with regard to copyright and other rights to their creations. Many were unsophisticated and naive and were taken advantage of by unscrupulous agents, attorneys, record promoters, record labels and others. When they started their publishing company, a condition to the gentleman's agreement between Acuff and Rose was that \"our company would be honest. The writers would always be taken care of. No one would act in a shady way. \" Acuff-Rose was affiliated with BMI and had a subsidiary firm, Milene Music, which handled music from ASCAP member composers. Acuff-Rose had its headquarters on 8th Avenue South in the Melrose district of Nashville and was something of a landmark to those knowledgeable of the music industry. It was here that Hank Williams, to prove his ability to Rose, wrote what would become a major hit song (\"A Mansion on the Hill\") while Rose went out to a nearby restaurant for a cup of coffee. On Fred Rose's death in 1954, his son Wesley Rose served as president of Acuff-Rose. Wesley Rose led the publishing company for the next 30 years.", "Webb was the lead singer, despite being the youngest of three children. Webb's soprano voice became noticeable, and she went solo performing on her own in stints at the Grand Ole Opry. In 1954, she signed with RCA Records on a $200 a week contract, but this ended in 1956 after having no success. She signed with Roy Acuff Show as the group's female singer in 1957. One magazine article called her \"The Prettiest Smokey Mountain Boy\", and was honored to have received Billboard Magazine\u2019s prestigious 'Most Promising Female Artist' award as voted on by country & western disc jockeys. Webb auditioned for Hickory Records in 1959 after Roy Acuff urged them to sign her, and she found herself signing with them a month later but before the first recording session she fell off a horse and suffered a broken/fractured leg. This delayed the recording session for three months as she had a 2-month hospital stay and one month recuperation at home. She recorded for Hickory from 1959 until 1964, with three successful songs and five singles released. Her appearances with Acuff's show took her all over the world, to Europe and to the Caribbean etc. She was a happy singer, leading a very private life. She became a member of the Grand Ole Opry in April 1961, performing regularly on their radio show broadcast from several places, near to where she was at the time. Webb performed her biggest hit, \"Looking Glass\" at the Opry on July 30, 1964 when she announced that she was s leaving the Roy Acuff Show. To the disappointment of the public, Webb left the Roy Acuff Show in September 1964, and on the verge of retirement according to a local Nashville newspaper."], "answer": {"text": "The effects left him ill for several years, and he suffered a nervous breakdown in 1930.", "answer_start": 1462}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Roy Acuff born?", "answer": {"text": "Maynardville, Tennessee,", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents", "answer": {"text": "Ida (nee Carr) and Simon E. Neill Acuff,", "answer_start": 68, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have sibings", "answer": {"text": "the third of their five children.", "answer_start": 109, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he go to school", "answer": {"text": "Roy attended Central High School,", "answer_start": 794, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "was offered a scholarship to Carson-Newman University but turned it down.", "answer_start": 1028, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he turn it down", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did he do during his early years?", "answer": {"text": "In 1929, Acuff tried out for the Knoxville Smokies, a minor-league baseball team", "answer_start": 1208, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he make the team?", "answer": {"text": "sunstroke, however, ended his baseball career.", "answer_start": 1415, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_99e99af94f174336a504ed3ee113752b_1_q#10", "question": "Did you find anything else interesting?", "rewrite": "Aside from the early years of Roy Acuff, did you find anything else interesting?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Wreck on the Highway (1938 song) \"Wreck on the Highway\" is a classic bluegrass song most commonly associated with Roy Acuff. \"Wreck on the Highway\" tells the story of an automobile accident, with implication of alcohol abuse (\"whiskey and blood run together\") and moral religious language (\"Their soul has been called by the Master... But I didn't hear nobody pray... It'll be too late if tomorrow you'll fall by a crash by the way... And you can't hear nobody pray\"). \"Wreck on the Highway\" was written in 1937 by Dorsey Dixon after a serious accident near Rockingham, North Carolina and was first recorded (under the title \"Didn't Hear Nobody Pray\") in Charlotte, North Carolina in 1938. It was recorded in 1940 by the Chicago-based country duo Karl and Harty (Karl Davis and Harty Taylor). The best-known version was recorded by Roy Acuff And His Smoky Mountain Boys in Hollywood in 1942. Wilma Lee Cooper and her husband Stoney Cooper released a version as the B side of their 1961 single \"Night After Night\". George Jones and Gene Pitney recorded a version (under the name \"George and Gene\"), released as a single in 1965, Hank Locklin recorded the song for his 1962 album \"A Tribute to Roy Acuff, King of Country Music\", and the Louvin Brothers also recorded the song. The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band included the song on their 1972 album \"Will the Circle be Unbroken\"; Roy Acuff took the lead vocal. Ricky Skaggs and The Whites recorded the song on their 2007 album \"Salt of the Earth\", and Merle Haggard and Chester Smith released a duet of the song on their country-gospel album \"California Blend\".", "George Jones & The Smoky Mountain Boys George Jones & The Smoky Mountain Boys is a studio album by American country music artists George Jones and The Smoky Mountain Boys, who served as Roy Acuff's long-time backing band. The album was recorded in one session in the early 1970s but had remained unreleased. In the liner notes writer Bill Bentley states, \"Finding these tapes now is like discovering a long-lost script that offers secrets from a long gone world. The dozen selections are a peek into a precious freedom, and what a true pioneer can do when the music calls out to them. George Jones recorded more albums than just about any other country singer, but he never made one like this. This is the sound of music played by people who lived their lives serving the true spirit, and sung by a man who walked this world only once.\" The album is composed of country classics and Gospel standards, several of them composed by Acuff, who was a profound musical influence on Jones. As Jones biographer Rich Kienzle observes, Acuff and his Smoky Mountain Boys \"had an unforgettable dynamic: his fiddling and rough-edged, deeply emotional vocals were accompanied by a raw, traditional string ensemble.\u201d In a 2006 interview with Ray Waddell of \"Billboard\", Jones stated, \"I loved Roy Acuff with all my heart, and I never dreamed I'd be able to meet him or see him onstage, or especially become good friends with him.\" Acuff duets with Jones on his signature song \u201cWabash Cannonball.\u201d", "Webb was the lead singer, despite being the youngest of three children. Webb's soprano voice became noticeable, and she went solo performing on her own in stints at the Grand Ole Opry. In 1954, she signed with RCA Records on a $200 a week contract, but this ended in 1956 after having no success. She signed with Roy Acuff Show as the group's female singer in 1957. One magazine article called her \"The Prettiest Smokey Mountain Boy\", and was honored to have received Billboard Magazine\u2019s prestigious 'Most Promising Female Artist' award as voted on by country & western disc jockeys. Webb auditioned for Hickory Records in 1959 after Roy Acuff urged them to sign her, and she found herself signing with them a month later but before the first recording session she fell off a horse and suffered a broken/fractured leg. This delayed the recording session for three months as she had a 2-month hospital stay and one month recuperation at home. She recorded for Hickory from 1959 until 1964, with three successful songs and five singles released. Her appearances with Acuff's show took her all over the world, to Europe and to the Caribbean etc. She was a happy singer, leading a very private life. She became a member of the Grand Ole Opry in April 1961, performing regularly on their radio show broadcast from several places, near to where she was at the time. Webb performed her biggest hit, \"Looking Glass\" at the Opry on July 30, 1964 when she announced that she was s leaving the Roy Acuff Show. To the disappointment of the public, Webb left the Roy Acuff Show in September 1964, and on the verge of retirement according to a local Nashville newspaper.", "It was planned to be a joint venture with Dolly Parton and Herschend Family Entertainment (owners/operators of Dollywood in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee) and was expected to open in 2014, but Parton and Herschend backed out of the plans a few months later, citing Gaylord's decision to sell the rights to operate its hotel chain to Marriott International as a reason for exiting. As a result of the joint venture's collapse, the project was scrapped. As the company transitioned into a real estate investment trust in 2012, Gaylord Entertainment was renamed Ryman Hospitality Properties. The Opryland site was flooded in early May 2010, after two days of torrential downpours in the Nashville area caused the Cumberland River to overflow its banks. The flood itself did not destroy any buildings on Gaylord's property, but every building on site was severely damaged by the floodwater. Buildings that were demolished\u2014rather than repaired\u2014after the flood include the Roy Acuff Theater, Gaslight Theater, the Gaylord University building, the WSM administration buildings (former Minnie Pearl and Roy Acuff museums), and the former Opryland Hospitality Center. Gaylord Opryland, the Grand Ole Opry House, and the General Jackson were closed for several months and all reopened in late 2010. The Grand Ole Opry Museum has remained closed, though the building underwent remediation following the flood. The fate of its contents is unknown. Opry Mills became entangled in a legal battle over flood insurance payout (which, as of March 2015, is ongoing), stalling its flood repairs for several months, and fully reopened on March 29, 2012. , the Grand Ole Opry House, Roy Acuff's former home, and the building that once housed the Grand Ole Opry Museum are the only theme park-era structures remaining on the property.", "Acuff -Rose Music Acuff-Rose Music was an American music publishing firm formed in 1942 by Roy Acuff and Fred Rose in Nashville, Tennessee. Acuff-Rose's honest behavior towards their writers set them apart from other music publishing firms at the time and led them to fame throughout the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Currently, the company's catalog is owned by Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Acuff-Rose was formed by country music performer Roy Acuff and Fred Rose, a major Nashville music-industry figure who had a respected ability as a talent scout. Many country performers had been badly cheated in the past with regard to copyright and other rights to their creations. Many were unsophisticated and naive and were taken advantage of by unscrupulous agents, attorneys, record promoters, record labels and others. When they started their publishing company, a condition to the gentleman's agreement between Acuff and Rose was that \"our company would be honest. The writers would always be taken care of. No one would act in a shady way. \" Acuff-Rose was affiliated with BMI and had a subsidiary firm, Milene Music, which handled music from ASCAP member composers. Acuff-Rose had its headquarters on 8th Avenue South in the Melrose district of Nashville and was something of a landmark to those knowledgeable of the music industry. It was here that Hank Williams, to prove his ability to Rose, wrote what would become a major hit song (\"A Mansion on the Hill\") while Rose went out to a nearby restaurant for a cup of coffee. On Fred Rose's death in 1954, his son Wesley Rose served as president of Acuff-Rose. Wesley Rose led the publishing company for the next 30 years."], "answer": {"text": "Acuff began to hone his fiddle skills, often playing on the family's front porch after the sun went down.", "answer_start": 18}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Roy Acuff born?", "answer": {"text": "Maynardville, Tennessee,", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents", "answer": {"text": "Ida (nee Carr) and Simon E. Neill Acuff,", "answer_start": 68, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have sibings", "answer": {"text": "the third of their five children.", "answer_start": 109, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he go to school", "answer": {"text": "Roy attended Central High School,", "answer_start": 794, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "was offered a scholarship to Carson-Newman University but turned it down.", "answer_start": 1028, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he turn it down", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did he do during his early years?", "answer": {"text": "In 1929, Acuff tried out for the Knoxville Smokies, a minor-league baseball team", "answer_start": 1208, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he make the team?", "answer": {"text": "sunstroke, however, ended his baseball career.", "answer_start": 1415, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any other illnesses?", "answer": {"text": "The effects left him ill for several years, and he suffered a nervous breakdown in 1930.", "answer_start": 1462, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened after his nervous breakdown?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5d9c4a2784944ab28ce1b634019d3d86_0_q#0", "question": "What is The Naked Truth by Lil' Kim?", "rewrite": "What is The Naked Truth by Lil' Kim?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Naked Truth (Lil' Kim album) The Naked Truth is the fourth studio album by American rapper Lil' Kim, released on September 27, 2005. It was her last studio album released by Atlantic Records before deciding to part ways in 2008. Two official singles were released from the album: \"Lighters Up\" as the lead single, released in September 2005, and \"Whoa\", as the second and final single, in February 2006. \" The Naked Truth\" remains the only album by a female rapper to be rated five mics by \"The Source\". The album has sold over 2.7 million copies worldwide. The first single taken from the album was \"Lighters Up\". It was released on September 13, 2005 and was a commercial success, peaking at number 31 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The second, and final, single from the album was \"Whoa\". Released on February 7, 2006, it was less successful than its predecessor and failed to make the Hot 100. It did manage to chart in the UK, peaking at number 43. The first promo single taken from the album was \"Shut Up Bitch\". For the release the title was censored to \"Shut Up\". Released to radio on July 12, 2005, the song served as a promotional single for the album and peaked at number 73 on the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. It can be heard at the start of the \"Lighters Up\" music video. The second promo single was \"Spell Check\". It was released to US radio as a promo single for the album in December 2005, alongside \"Whoa\". The song was promoted in the music video for \"Whoa\" with Kim rapping the first verse and chorus near the end.", "Lil' Kim released her fourth album, The Naked Truth, on September 27, 2005, while serving a federal prison sentence. It earned her a 5 mic rating from The Source, making her the only female rapper to ever receive a 5 mic rating. The album debuted at number 6 on the Billboard 200 chart, selling 109,000 copies in its first week of release, giving Lil' Kim her third top 10 debut on the chart. The Naked Truth did not sell as well as her previous works, it only managed to reach a gold certification by RIAA. She said that her prison sentence left her with no time to promote the project. The music video for The Naked Truth's first single, \"Lighters Up\", was number one on BET's 106 & Park for two weeks. \"Lighters Up\" was a Top Ten hit on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart. The single also reached number. 67 on the German Single Chart, number 12 on the UK Top 75 and number 4 on the Finland Single Chart. The second single, \"Whoa\" was released on February 17, 2006. It reached number 22 on Airplay. On March 9, 2006, BET premiered the show Lil' Kim: Countdown to Lockdown, which was filmed before Lil' Kim headed to prison. The show became the highest rated premiere in BET history, averaging 1.9 million viewers. In May 2006, Debbie Harry released a song in tribute to Lil' Kim called \"Dirty and Deep\" in protest of her conviction. The song was available for free from her official website. The Dance Remixes, her first compilation album was released on June 6, 2006. The album featured remixes of songs from The Naked Truth and Hard Core.", "Lighters Up \"Lighters Up\" is a single written and recorded by rapper Lil' Kim and produced by her ex-boyfriend, record producer Scott Storch. The song has a similar tone to Damian Marley's Welcome to Jamrock. It was released on August 12, 2005, a few weeks before the release of the album \"The Naked Truth\". The album was originally due to be released September 13, but was delayed until September 27 because Queen Bee Entertainment felt that sales would not hold with the single \"Lighters Up\". The single debuted at number 100 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, then quickly climbed up to number 31. The single had a moderate chart performance in the United Kingdom, peaking at number 12 on the UK Singles Chart. In 2013, the song was voted the best Brooklyn anthem by MTV. As the first single from the \"Naked Truth\", the single did reasonably well, creating hype for the album. However, due to the late follow-up, along with little promotions, the single performed less well than previous singles by Lil' Kim. The song is about Kim cautioning people about the dangers and conditions of certain parts of Brooklyn. The video features cameo appearances by Mary J. Blige and Maino. There was also an official remix of the song featuring Tego Calder\u00f3n. The song featured a new verse and ad-libs from Calderon, as well as a new intro from Kim, but no new verses from Kim. A limited edition CD single featuring this remix was given away with purchases of \"The Naked Truth\" album exclusively at Target. The music video of the song starts with the chorus of the clean version of \"Shut Up Bitch\", which they say \"Shut Up, Chick\" instead. Two versions of the song were released.", "List of awards and nominations received by Lil' Kim Kimberly Denise Jones, known by her stage name Lil Kim, is an American rapper and singer-songwriter. Her debut studio album \"Hard Core\" was released on November 12, 1996 in the United States, by the Atlantic subsidiary Big Beat Records, followed by her second album \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" on June 27, 2000. Lil' Kim's third studio album, \"La Bella Mafia\", was released on March 4, 2003, and her latest album \"The Naked Truth\" on September 27, 2005. Throughout Lil' Kim's career, she has received several awards and nominations. In 1998, Kim received recognition from the MTV Music Video Awards, winning an award for viewer's choice alongside The Notorious B.I.G. and Puffy. That same year, Kim received a nomination for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for her single \"Not Tonight\" at The Grammys. On March 27, 2001, Lil' Kim, Christina Aguilera, Pink, and M\u00fda recorded a cover version of the Labelle song, \"Lady Marmalade\" as a medley for the feature film \"Moulin Rouge\". The single produced Kim's first Grammy Award in 2002 for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals, along with several other awards and nominations from the MTV Awards which garnered 2 awards from 6 nominations. Her single \"How Many Licks?\" gained her a nomination from the \"Soul Train Awards\" for \"Best R&B/Soul or Rap Music Video\". It also received a nomination from \"The Source Awards\" for \"Music Video of The Year\". Lil' Kim's third studio album, \"La Bella Mafia\", produced Lil Kim two Grammy Award nominations in 2004, one for her single", "The Naked Truth (Golden Earring album) The Naked Truth is the fourth live album by Dutch hard rock band Golden Earring, released in 1992. All songs were performed with acoustic instruments. The album has been released over the decade with additional tracks under the titles The Complete Naked Truth and Fully Naked. All songs written by Hay and Kooymans except where noted. A 1998 edition of the album titled The Complete Naked Truth was sold as a two disc collection. Besides the above tracks, the collection included an additional seven tracks billed as previously unreleased. A three disc collection titled Fully Naked was released in 2001 as a box set. Besides including the two discs above, the set included a third disc again touted as previously unreleased."], "answer": {"text": "Lil' Kim released her fourth album, The Naked Truth,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5d9c4a2784944ab28ce1b634019d3d86_0_q#1", "question": "When was The Naked Truth released ?", "rewrite": "When was Lil Kim's The Naked Truth released ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lighters Up \"Lighters Up\" is a single written and recorded by rapper Lil' Kim and produced by her ex-boyfriend, record producer Scott Storch. The song has a similar tone to Damian Marley's Welcome to Jamrock. It was released on August 12, 2005, a few weeks before the release of the album \"The Naked Truth\". The album was originally due to be released September 13, but was delayed until September 27 because Queen Bee Entertainment felt that sales would not hold with the single \"Lighters Up\". The single debuted at number 100 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, then quickly climbed up to number 31. The single had a moderate chart performance in the United Kingdom, peaking at number 12 on the UK Singles Chart. In 2013, the song was voted the best Brooklyn anthem by MTV. As the first single from the \"Naked Truth\", the single did reasonably well, creating hype for the album. However, due to the late follow-up, along with little promotions, the single performed less well than previous singles by Lil' Kim. The song is about Kim cautioning people about the dangers and conditions of certain parts of Brooklyn. The video features cameo appearances by Mary J. Blige and Maino. There was also an official remix of the song featuring Tego Calder\u00f3n. The song featured a new verse and ad-libs from Calderon, as well as a new intro from Kim, but no new verses from Kim. A limited edition CD single featuring this remix was given away with purchases of \"The Naked Truth\" album exclusively at Target. The music video of the song starts with the chorus of the clean version of \"Shut Up Bitch\", which they say \"Shut Up, Chick\" instead. Two versions of the song were released.", "Lil' Kim released her fourth album, The Naked Truth, on September 27, 2005, while serving a federal prison sentence. It earned her a 5 mic rating from The Source, making her the only female rapper to ever receive a 5 mic rating. The album debuted at number 6 on the Billboard 200 chart, selling 109,000 copies in its first week of release, giving Lil' Kim her third top 10 debut on the chart. The Naked Truth did not sell as well as her previous works, it only managed to reach a gold certification by RIAA. She said that her prison sentence left her with no time to promote the project. The music video for The Naked Truth's first single, \"Lighters Up\", was number one on BET's 106 & Park for two weeks. \"Lighters Up\" was a Top Ten hit on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart. The single also reached number. 67 on the German Single Chart, number 12 on the UK Top 75 and number 4 on the Finland Single Chart. The second single, \"Whoa\" was released on February 17, 2006. It reached number 22 on Airplay. On March 9, 2006, BET premiered the show Lil' Kim: Countdown to Lockdown, which was filmed before Lil' Kim headed to prison. The show became the highest rated premiere in BET history, averaging 1.9 million viewers. In May 2006, Debbie Harry released a song in tribute to Lil' Kim called \"Dirty and Deep\" in protest of her conviction. The song was available for free from her official website. The Dance Remixes, her first compilation album was released on June 6, 2006. The album featured remixes of songs from The Naked Truth and Hard Core.", "List of awards and nominations received by Lil' Kim Kimberly Denise Jones, known by her stage name Lil Kim, is an American rapper and singer-songwriter. Her debut studio album \"Hard Core\" was released on November 12, 1996 in the United States, by the Atlantic subsidiary Big Beat Records, followed by her second album \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" on June 27, 2000. Lil' Kim's third studio album, \"La Bella Mafia\", was released on March 4, 2003, and her latest album \"The Naked Truth\" on September 27, 2005. Throughout Lil' Kim's career, she has received several awards and nominations. In 1998, Kim received recognition from the MTV Music Video Awards, winning an award for viewer's choice alongside The Notorious B.I.G. and Puffy. That same year, Kim received a nomination for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for her single \"Not Tonight\" at The Grammys. On March 27, 2001, Lil' Kim, Christina Aguilera, Pink, and M\u00fda recorded a cover version of the Labelle song, \"Lady Marmalade\" as a medley for the feature film \"Moulin Rouge\". The single produced Kim's first Grammy Award in 2002 for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals, along with several other awards and nominations from the MTV Awards which garnered 2 awards from 6 nominations. Her single \"How Many Licks?\" gained her a nomination from the \"Soul Train Awards\" for \"Best R&B/Soul or Rap Music Video\". It also received a nomination from \"The Source Awards\" for \"Music Video of The Year\". Lil' Kim's third studio album, \"La Bella Mafia\", produced Lil Kim two Grammy Award nominations in 2004, one for her single", "Whoa (Lil Kim song) \"Whoa\" is the second single from the album \"The Naked Truth\" by rapper Lil' Kim which is produced by J.R. Rotem. \"Whoa\" never made it to the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 but did make the R&B/ Hip-Hop Tracks chart, where it peaked at number 30. Originally sent to US radio on November 22, 2005, it was then re-released in February to coincide with the airing of her reality show, \"\", for which it served as the theme song. It was released in the United Kingdom on May 15, 2006. Before the album was released, some versions of the \"Lighters Up\" promo CD and vinyl listed the title of the song as \"My Ni*#@s\". Due to the lyrics in the second verse, Whoa is heard as a Junior M.A.F.I.A. diss. The music video for \"Whoa\" premiered on 106 & Park on February 16, 2006. The video begins with Kim, her friend/ co-defendant Moe and Zab Judah riding in a car talking. Once the first verse starts, one scene features Kim in a museum with a drink while looking at artwork. In another scene Kim is seen dodging laser beams and hiding from security. By the second verse Kim has stolen a painting and is seen escaping. Meanwhile, police ask friends of Kim to leave. By the second chorus Kim is seen returning to the car from the start of the video. Shortly after the song fades into another song \"Spell Check\" which in one scene Kim is singing the song in front of her car, and in another scene she is seen being forced out of her car and the painting she stole is being returned. At the end the police throw kim in the back of a police truck in an orange suit.", "Lil Kim Season Lil Kim Season is the fourth mixtape by American rapper Lil' Kim, released on March 28, 2016 by I.R.S Records. Lil' Kim first announced on Hot 97 at the Hot 4 The Holidays concert that she was releasing an album in 2016 and she had a meeting with her former record label Atlantic Records to Negotiate a deal. A few days later Kim released That Bitch (Remix) a freestyle of Omarion's I'm Up on December 8 as a teaser for new music on the way. News broke in early February that Bryant McKinnie is going to be a part of Kim's 5th album what she still being recorded and act as A&R for the TBA album instead of producing. On February 13 news broke out that Maino and Kim have been in the studio working on a Freestyle of Panda by Desiigner the freestyle was released on the 16 on Lil' Kim Soundcloud page as promo for her single #Mine featuring Kevin Gates. Kim released #Mine on February 18 as a Buzz single for her 5th album. On March 9, 2016 Lil' Kim and Maino released a joint single called I Did it for Brooklyn produced by Don Corleon and Mad Cheeta to pay homage and respect for the 19th anniversary passing of The Notorious B.I.G. Kim's late mentor and her hometown Brooklyn. On March 10, 2016 Lil' Kim previewed a clean version of her Summer Sixteen freestyle by Drake on Funkmaster flex's interview. Lil' Kim released the dirty version of the Summer Sixteen freestyle on March 15.The mixtape was first announced on March 24, 2016 via her Instagram page. Lil' Kim did an interview with \"Billboard\" a few hours before her mixtape was released, telling \"Billboard\" that she stepped away from recording new songs to tend to her daughter Royal Reign."], "answer": {"text": "The Naked Truth, on September 27, 2005,", "answer_start": 36}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is The Naked Truth by Lil' Kim?", "answer": {"text": "Lil' Kim released her fourth album, The Naked Truth,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5d9c4a2784944ab28ce1b634019d3d86_0_q#2", "question": "How was the album received by the reviewers ?", "rewrite": "How was Lil Kim's The Naked Truth received by the reviewers ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lil Kim Season Lil Kim Season is the fourth mixtape by American rapper Lil' Kim, released on March 28, 2016 by I.R.S Records. Lil' Kim first announced on Hot 97 at the Hot 4 The Holidays concert that she was releasing an album in 2016 and she had a meeting with her former record label Atlantic Records to Negotiate a deal. A few days later Kim released That Bitch (Remix) a freestyle of Omarion's I'm Up on December 8 as a teaser for new music on the way. News broke in early February that Bryant McKinnie is going to be a part of Kim's 5th album what she still being recorded and act as A&R for the TBA album instead of producing. On February 13 news broke out that Maino and Kim have been in the studio working on a Freestyle of Panda by Desiigner the freestyle was released on the 16 on Lil' Kim Soundcloud page as promo for her single #Mine featuring Kevin Gates. Kim released #Mine on February 18 as a Buzz single for her 5th album. On March 9, 2016 Lil' Kim and Maino released a joint single called I Did it for Brooklyn produced by Don Corleon and Mad Cheeta to pay homage and respect for the 19th anniversary passing of The Notorious B.I.G. Kim's late mentor and her hometown Brooklyn. On March 10, 2016 Lil' Kim previewed a clean version of her Summer Sixteen freestyle by Drake on Funkmaster flex's interview. Lil' Kim released the dirty version of the Summer Sixteen freestyle on March 15.The mixtape was first announced on March 24, 2016 via her Instagram page. Lil' Kim did an interview with \"Billboard\" a few hours before her mixtape was released, telling \"Billboard\" that she stepped away from recording new songs to tend to her daughter Royal Reign.", "Lil' Kim released her fourth album, The Naked Truth, on September 27, 2005, while serving a federal prison sentence. It earned her a 5 mic rating from The Source, making her the only female rapper to ever receive a 5 mic rating. The album debuted at number 6 on the Billboard 200 chart, selling 109,000 copies in its first week of release, giving Lil' Kim her third top 10 debut on the chart. The Naked Truth did not sell as well as her previous works, it only managed to reach a gold certification by RIAA. She said that her prison sentence left her with no time to promote the project. The music video for The Naked Truth's first single, \"Lighters Up\", was number one on BET's 106 & Park for two weeks. \"Lighters Up\" was a Top Ten hit on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart. The single also reached number. 67 on the German Single Chart, number 12 on the UK Top 75 and number 4 on the Finland Single Chart. The second single, \"Whoa\" was released on February 17, 2006. It reached number 22 on Airplay. On March 9, 2006, BET premiered the show Lil' Kim: Countdown to Lockdown, which was filmed before Lil' Kim headed to prison. The show became the highest rated premiere in BET history, averaging 1.9 million viewers. In May 2006, Debbie Harry released a song in tribute to Lil' Kim called \"Dirty and Deep\" in protest of her conviction. The song was available for free from her official website. The Dance Remixes, her first compilation album was released on June 6, 2006. The album featured remixes of songs from The Naked Truth and Hard Core.", "List of awards and nominations received by Lil' Kim Kimberly Denise Jones, known by her stage name Lil Kim, is an American rapper and singer-songwriter. Her debut studio album \"Hard Core\" was released on November 12, 1996 in the United States, by the Atlantic subsidiary Big Beat Records, followed by her second album \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" on June 27, 2000. Lil' Kim's third studio album, \"La Bella Mafia\", was released on March 4, 2003, and her latest album \"The Naked Truth\" on September 27, 2005. Throughout Lil' Kim's career, she has received several awards and nominations. In 1998, Kim received recognition from the MTV Music Video Awards, winning an award for viewer's choice alongside The Notorious B.I.G. and Puffy. That same year, Kim received a nomination for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for her single \"Not Tonight\" at The Grammys. On March 27, 2001, Lil' Kim, Christina Aguilera, Pink, and M\u00fda recorded a cover version of the Labelle song, \"Lady Marmalade\" as a medley for the feature film \"Moulin Rouge\". The single produced Kim's first Grammy Award in 2002 for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals, along with several other awards and nominations from the MTV Awards which garnered 2 awards from 6 nominations. Her single \"How Many Licks?\" gained her a nomination from the \"Soul Train Awards\" for \"Best R&B/Soul or Rap Music Video\". It also received a nomination from \"The Source Awards\" for \"Music Video of The Year\". Lil' Kim's third studio album, \"La Bella Mafia\", produced Lil Kim two Grammy Award nominations in 2004, one for her single", "Lighters Up \"Lighters Up\" is a single written and recorded by rapper Lil' Kim and produced by her ex-boyfriend, record producer Scott Storch. The song has a similar tone to Damian Marley's Welcome to Jamrock. It was released on August 12, 2005, a few weeks before the release of the album \"The Naked Truth\". The album was originally due to be released September 13, but was delayed until September 27 because Queen Bee Entertainment felt that sales would not hold with the single \"Lighters Up\". The single debuted at number 100 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, then quickly climbed up to number 31. The single had a moderate chart performance in the United Kingdom, peaking at number 12 on the UK Singles Chart. In 2013, the song was voted the best Brooklyn anthem by MTV. As the first single from the \"Naked Truth\", the single did reasonably well, creating hype for the album. However, due to the late follow-up, along with little promotions, the single performed less well than previous singles by Lil' Kim. The song is about Kim cautioning people about the dangers and conditions of certain parts of Brooklyn. The video features cameo appearances by Mary J. Blige and Maino. There was also an official remix of the song featuring Tego Calder\u00f3n. The song featured a new verse and ad-libs from Calderon, as well as a new intro from Kim, but no new verses from Kim. A limited edition CD single featuring this remix was given away with purchases of \"The Naked Truth\" album exclusively at Target. The music video of the song starts with the chorus of the clean version of \"Shut Up Bitch\", which they say \"Shut Up, Chick\" instead. Two versions of the song were released.", "Whoa (Lil Kim song) \"Whoa\" is the second single from the album \"The Naked Truth\" by rapper Lil' Kim which is produced by J.R. Rotem. \"Whoa\" never made it to the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 but did make the R&B/ Hip-Hop Tracks chart, where it peaked at number 30. Originally sent to US radio on November 22, 2005, it was then re-released in February to coincide with the airing of her reality show, \"\", for which it served as the theme song. It was released in the United Kingdom on May 15, 2006. Before the album was released, some versions of the \"Lighters Up\" promo CD and vinyl listed the title of the song as \"My Ni*#@s\". Due to the lyrics in the second verse, Whoa is heard as a Junior M.A.F.I.A. diss. The music video for \"Whoa\" premiered on 106 & Park on February 16, 2006. The video begins with Kim, her friend/ co-defendant Moe and Zab Judah riding in a car talking. Once the first verse starts, one scene features Kim in a museum with a drink while looking at artwork. In another scene Kim is seen dodging laser beams and hiding from security. By the second verse Kim has stolen a painting and is seen escaping. Meanwhile, police ask friends of Kim to leave. By the second chorus Kim is seen returning to the car from the start of the video. Shortly after the song fades into another song \"Spell Check\" which in one scene Kim is singing the song in front of her car, and in another scene she is seen being forced out of her car and the painting she stole is being returned. At the end the police throw kim in the back of a police truck in an orange suit."], "answer": {"text": "It earned her a 5 mic rating from The Source, making her the only female rapper to ever receive a 5 mic rating.", "answer_start": 117}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is The Naked Truth by Lil' Kim?", "answer": {"text": "Lil' Kim released her fourth album, The Naked Truth,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was The Naked Truth released ?", "answer": {"text": "The Naked Truth, on September 27, 2005,", "answer_start": 36, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5d9c4a2784944ab28ce1b634019d3d86_0_q#3", "question": "What else did the reviewers say about the album ?", "rewrite": "Aside from giving Lil Kim a 5 mic rating, what else did the reviewers say about Lil Kim's The Naked Truth?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of awards and nominations received by Lil' Kim Kimberly Denise Jones, known by her stage name Lil Kim, is an American rapper and singer-songwriter. Her debut studio album \"Hard Core\" was released on November 12, 1996 in the United States, by the Atlantic subsidiary Big Beat Records, followed by her second album \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" on June 27, 2000. Lil' Kim's third studio album, \"La Bella Mafia\", was released on March 4, 2003, and her latest album \"The Naked Truth\" on September 27, 2005. Throughout Lil' Kim's career, she has received several awards and nominations. In 1998, Kim received recognition from the MTV Music Video Awards, winning an award for viewer's choice alongside The Notorious B.I.G. and Puffy. That same year, Kim received a nomination for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for her single \"Not Tonight\" at The Grammys. On March 27, 2001, Lil' Kim, Christina Aguilera, Pink, and M\u00fda recorded a cover version of the Labelle song, \"Lady Marmalade\" as a medley for the feature film \"Moulin Rouge\". The single produced Kim's first Grammy Award in 2002 for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals, along with several other awards and nominations from the MTV Awards which garnered 2 awards from 6 nominations. Her single \"How Many Licks?\" gained her a nomination from the \"Soul Train Awards\" for \"Best R&B/Soul or Rap Music Video\". It also received a nomination from \"The Source Awards\" for \"Music Video of The Year\". Lil' Kim's third studio album, \"La Bella Mafia\", produced Lil Kim two Grammy Award nominations in 2004, one for her single", "Having initially recorded sixteen additional bars to the eight bars that appeared on the track, Kim's part was reportedly cut to make room for a second guest part, contributed by Ross. When the song made its debut on the \"Billboard\" R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart in the week of July 14, 2011, Kim's name was not listed however. In a statement, J Records later confirmed that they were forced to remove her vocals from the official version at the last minute due to contractual issues as the sample that she used in her part \u2014 an excerpt of The Notorious B.I.G.'s controversial 1995 song \"Who Shot Ya?\" \u2013 was revoked by his mother Volleta Wallace, the head of B.I.G's estate. Addressing the issue on her Twitter account, Monica wrote: I am just finding out what has happened to my single and myself and Missy are beyond hurt that Lil Kim was removed. She's our friend, a legend, and Lil Kim will get the respect she deserves at all cost. The clearance was revoked and I'm fighting to get it reinstated by the Biggie Estate ... I am as thorough as they come and I Love Lil Kim , bottom line is Ms Wallace has the final say and she said No. If we put it out we get sued. The original version of the song, featuring all sixteen bars recorded by Lil' Kim, was leaked on July 30, 2011. The single has been generally well received by critics. \" Rap-Up\" favored the track stating that \"Monica takes listeners back to R&B's glory days with her soulful voice, Rozay channels Biggie, and the Queen Bee delivers a short, yet stinging verse.\"", "Lil' Kim released her fourth album, The Naked Truth, on September 27, 2005, while serving a federal prison sentence. It earned her a 5 mic rating from The Source, making her the only female rapper to ever receive a 5 mic rating. The album debuted at number 6 on the Billboard 200 chart, selling 109,000 copies in its first week of release, giving Lil' Kim her third top 10 debut on the chart. The Naked Truth did not sell as well as her previous works, it only managed to reach a gold certification by RIAA. She said that her prison sentence left her with no time to promote the project. The music video for The Naked Truth's first single, \"Lighters Up\", was number one on BET's 106 & Park for two weeks. \"Lighters Up\" was a Top Ten hit on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart. The single also reached number. 67 on the German Single Chart, number 12 on the UK Top 75 and number 4 on the Finland Single Chart. The second single, \"Whoa\" was released on February 17, 2006. It reached number 22 on Airplay. On March 9, 2006, BET premiered the show Lil' Kim: Countdown to Lockdown, which was filmed before Lil' Kim headed to prison. The show became the highest rated premiere in BET history, averaging 1.9 million viewers. In May 2006, Debbie Harry released a song in tribute to Lil' Kim called \"Dirty and Deep\" in protest of her conviction. The song was available for free from her official website. The Dance Remixes, her first compilation album was released on June 6, 2006. The album featured remixes of songs from The Naked Truth and Hard Core.", "Trill OG Trill OG is the third solo studio album by UGK member Bun B, and is the third album in his \"Trill\" series (The title is a oronym of trilogy). The album was released under Universal Music Group after Bun B left Warner Music Group's Asylum Records. The album was released August 3, 2010 on Rap-a-Lot Records and Fontana Distribution. On August 4, 2010, \"The Source\" magazine gave \"Trill OG\" its rare 5 mic rating. In 2009, Play, of production duo Play-N-Skillz, told MTV Canada that a single on Bun's upcoming album would feature 2Pac. In January 2010, Bun B told MTV that the album was scheduled for an April 2010 release. Additionally, Bun confirmed a collaboration with \"a hip hop legend and a cultural icon\" on the same song, but did not elaborate. He later declared the icons to be Tupac Shakur and Pimp C, along with Trey Songz singing the chorus. The song, \"Right Now\", was released in the summer of 2010. Bun summarized, \"Tupac verse is from the 90's Pimp C's from the 2000s and mine from 2010 and it sounds like we just stepped out the booth yesterday.\" The album debuted at number four on the US \"Billboard\" 200, selling 39,838 copies in its first week. \"Trill O.G.\" received mixed reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 59, based on 9 reviews, which indicates \"mixed or average reviews.\" However, Trill OG was the first album to receive a 5 Mic rating from The Source Magazine in five years, the last being Lil' Kim's \"The Naked Truth\".", "Lil Kim Season Lil Kim Season is the fourth mixtape by American rapper Lil' Kim, released on March 28, 2016 by I.R.S Records. Lil' Kim first announced on Hot 97 at the Hot 4 The Holidays concert that she was releasing an album in 2016 and she had a meeting with her former record label Atlantic Records to Negotiate a deal. A few days later Kim released That Bitch (Remix) a freestyle of Omarion's I'm Up on December 8 as a teaser for new music on the way. News broke in early February that Bryant McKinnie is going to be a part of Kim's 5th album what she still being recorded and act as A&R for the TBA album instead of producing. On February 13 news broke out that Maino and Kim have been in the studio working on a Freestyle of Panda by Desiigner the freestyle was released on the 16 on Lil' Kim Soundcloud page as promo for her single #Mine featuring Kevin Gates. Kim released #Mine on February 18 as a Buzz single for her 5th album. On March 9, 2016 Lil' Kim and Maino released a joint single called I Did it for Brooklyn produced by Don Corleon and Mad Cheeta to pay homage and respect for the 19th anniversary passing of The Notorious B.I.G. Kim's late mentor and her hometown Brooklyn. On March 10, 2016 Lil' Kim previewed a clean version of her Summer Sixteen freestyle by Drake on Funkmaster flex's interview. Lil' Kim released the dirty version of the Summer Sixteen freestyle on March 15.The mixtape was first announced on March 24, 2016 via her Instagram page. Lil' Kim did an interview with \"Billboard\" a few hours before her mixtape was released, telling \"Billboard\" that she stepped away from recording new songs to tend to her daughter Royal Reign."], "answer": {"text": "making her the only female rapper to ever receive a 5 mic rating.", "answer_start": 163}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is The Naked Truth by Lil' Kim?", "answer": {"text": "Lil' Kim released her fourth album, The Naked Truth,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was The Naked Truth released ?", "answer": {"text": "The Naked Truth, on September 27, 2005,", "answer_start": 36, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was the album received by the reviewers ?", "answer": {"text": "It earned her a 5 mic rating from The Source, making her the only female rapper to ever receive a 5 mic rating.", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5d9c4a2784944ab28ce1b634019d3d86_0_q#4", "question": "Can you name a single from The Naked Truth ?", "rewrite": "Can you name a single from Lil Kim's album The Naked Truth ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lil Kim Season Lil Kim Season is the fourth mixtape by American rapper Lil' Kim, released on March 28, 2016 by I.R.S Records. Lil' Kim first announced on Hot 97 at the Hot 4 The Holidays concert that she was releasing an album in 2016 and she had a meeting with her former record label Atlantic Records to Negotiate a deal. A few days later Kim released That Bitch (Remix) a freestyle of Omarion's I'm Up on December 8 as a teaser for new music on the way. News broke in early February that Bryant McKinnie is going to be a part of Kim's 5th album what she still being recorded and act as A&R for the TBA album instead of producing. On February 13 news broke out that Maino and Kim have been in the studio working on a Freestyle of Panda by Desiigner the freestyle was released on the 16 on Lil' Kim Soundcloud page as promo for her single #Mine featuring Kevin Gates. Kim released #Mine on February 18 as a Buzz single for her 5th album. On March 9, 2016 Lil' Kim and Maino released a joint single called I Did it for Brooklyn produced by Don Corleon and Mad Cheeta to pay homage and respect for the 19th anniversary passing of The Notorious B.I.G. Kim's late mentor and her hometown Brooklyn. On March 10, 2016 Lil' Kim previewed a clean version of her Summer Sixteen freestyle by Drake on Funkmaster flex's interview. Lil' Kim released the dirty version of the Summer Sixteen freestyle on March 15.The mixtape was first announced on March 24, 2016 via her Instagram page. Lil' Kim did an interview with \"Billboard\" a few hours before her mixtape was released, telling \"Billboard\" that she stepped away from recording new songs to tend to her daughter Royal Reign.", "Lil' Kim released her fourth album, The Naked Truth, on September 27, 2005, while serving a federal prison sentence. It earned her a 5 mic rating from The Source, making her the only female rapper to ever receive a 5 mic rating. The album debuted at number 6 on the Billboard 200 chart, selling 109,000 copies in its first week of release, giving Lil' Kim her third top 10 debut on the chart. The Naked Truth did not sell as well as her previous works, it only managed to reach a gold certification by RIAA. She said that her prison sentence left her with no time to promote the project. The music video for The Naked Truth's first single, \"Lighters Up\", was number one on BET's 106 & Park for two weeks. \"Lighters Up\" was a Top Ten hit on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart. The single also reached number. 67 on the German Single Chart, number 12 on the UK Top 75 and number 4 on the Finland Single Chart. The second single, \"Whoa\" was released on February 17, 2006. It reached number 22 on Airplay. On March 9, 2006, BET premiered the show Lil' Kim: Countdown to Lockdown, which was filmed before Lil' Kim headed to prison. The show became the highest rated premiere in BET history, averaging 1.9 million viewers. In May 2006, Debbie Harry released a song in tribute to Lil' Kim called \"Dirty and Deep\" in protest of her conviction. The song was available for free from her official website. The Dance Remixes, her first compilation album was released on June 6, 2006. The album featured remixes of songs from The Naked Truth and Hard Core.", "List of awards and nominations received by Lil' Kim Kimberly Denise Jones, known by her stage name Lil Kim, is an American rapper and singer-songwriter. Her debut studio album \"Hard Core\" was released on November 12, 1996 in the United States, by the Atlantic subsidiary Big Beat Records, followed by her second album \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" on June 27, 2000. Lil' Kim's third studio album, \"La Bella Mafia\", was released on March 4, 2003, and her latest album \"The Naked Truth\" on September 27, 2005. Throughout Lil' Kim's career, she has received several awards and nominations. In 1998, Kim received recognition from the MTV Music Video Awards, winning an award for viewer's choice alongside The Notorious B.I.G. and Puffy. That same year, Kim received a nomination for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for her single \"Not Tonight\" at The Grammys. On March 27, 2001, Lil' Kim, Christina Aguilera, Pink, and M\u00fda recorded a cover version of the Labelle song, \"Lady Marmalade\" as a medley for the feature film \"Moulin Rouge\". The single produced Kim's first Grammy Award in 2002 for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals, along with several other awards and nominations from the MTV Awards which garnered 2 awards from 6 nominations. Her single \"How Many Licks?\" gained her a nomination from the \"Soul Train Awards\" for \"Best R&B/Soul or Rap Music Video\". It also received a nomination from \"The Source Awards\" for \"Music Video of The Year\". Lil' Kim's third studio album, \"La Bella Mafia\", produced Lil Kim two Grammy Award nominations in 2004, one for her single", "Lighters Up \"Lighters Up\" is a single written and recorded by rapper Lil' Kim and produced by her ex-boyfriend, record producer Scott Storch. The song has a similar tone to Damian Marley's Welcome to Jamrock. It was released on August 12, 2005, a few weeks before the release of the album \"The Naked Truth\". The album was originally due to be released September 13, but was delayed until September 27 because Queen Bee Entertainment felt that sales would not hold with the single \"Lighters Up\". The single debuted at number 100 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, then quickly climbed up to number 31. The single had a moderate chart performance in the United Kingdom, peaking at number 12 on the UK Singles Chart. In 2013, the song was voted the best Brooklyn anthem by MTV. As the first single from the \"Naked Truth\", the single did reasonably well, creating hype for the album. However, due to the late follow-up, along with little promotions, the single performed less well than previous singles by Lil' Kim. The song is about Kim cautioning people about the dangers and conditions of certain parts of Brooklyn. The video features cameo appearances by Mary J. Blige and Maino. There was also an official remix of the song featuring Tego Calder\u00f3n. The song featured a new verse and ad-libs from Calderon, as well as a new intro from Kim, but no new verses from Kim. A limited edition CD single featuring this remix was given away with purchases of \"The Naked Truth\" album exclusively at Target. The music video of the song starts with the chorus of the clean version of \"Shut Up Bitch\", which they say \"Shut Up, Chick\" instead. Two versions of the song were released.", "The Naked Truth (Lil' Kim album) The Naked Truth is the fourth studio album by American rapper Lil' Kim, released on September 27, 2005. It was her last studio album released by Atlantic Records before deciding to part ways in 2008. Two official singles were released from the album: \"Lighters Up\" as the lead single, released in September 2005, and \"Whoa\", as the second and final single, in February 2006. \" The Naked Truth\" remains the only album by a female rapper to be rated five mics by \"The Source\". The album has sold over 2.7 million copies worldwide. The first single taken from the album was \"Lighters Up\". It was released on September 13, 2005 and was a commercial success, peaking at number 31 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The second, and final, single from the album was \"Whoa\". Released on February 7, 2006, it was less successful than its predecessor and failed to make the Hot 100. It did manage to chart in the UK, peaking at number 43. The first promo single taken from the album was \"Shut Up Bitch\". For the release the title was censored to \"Shut Up\". Released to radio on July 12, 2005, the song served as a promotional single for the album and peaked at number 73 on the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. It can be heard at the start of the \"Lighters Up\" music video. The second promo single was \"Spell Check\". It was released to US radio as a promo single for the album in December 2005, alongside \"Whoa\". The song was promoted in the music video for \"Whoa\" with Kim rapping the first verse and chorus near the end."], "answer": {"text": "The Naked Truth's first single, \"Lighters Up\",", "answer_start": 608}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is The Naked Truth by Lil' Kim?", "answer": {"text": "Lil' Kim released her fourth album, The Naked Truth,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was The Naked Truth released ?", "answer": {"text": "The Naked Truth, on September 27, 2005,", "answer_start": 36, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was the album received by the reviewers ?", "answer": {"text": "It earned her a 5 mic rating from The Source, making her the only female rapper to ever receive a 5 mic rating.", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did the reviewers say about the album ?", "answer": {"text": "making her the only female rapper to ever receive a 5 mic rating.", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5d9c4a2784944ab28ce1b634019d3d86_0_q#5", "question": "Did the album win any awards ?", "rewrite": "Did the album The Naked Truth win any awards ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The album received generally positive reviews and was given a score of 66 out of 100 by Metacritic, with 5 star ratings from \"The Source\" (in which she became the first and only female rapper to ever receive 5 mics), \"Vibe Magazine\", and \"The Village Voice\", and less than favorable reviews from \"The New York Times\" and AllMusic. \"Blender\" gave the album four stars, calling it her \"strongest work since her pheromone-thick 1996 debut\". While the album did receive several 5 star ratings, \"Pitchfork\" journalist Jess Harvell, who gave the album a positive 7.8 rating, stated, \"\"The Naked Truth\" may be better than 80% of the other rap albums to be released in 2005, but that doesn't make it another \"Ready to Die\".\" \"The Naked Truth\" debuted at number six on the \"Billboard\" 200 and at number three on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, selling 109,000 copies in its first week. To date, \"The Naked Truth\" has sold over 2.7 million copies worldwide.", "The Naked Truth (Lil' Kim album) The Naked Truth is the fourth studio album by American rapper Lil' Kim, released on September 27, 2005. It was her last studio album released by Atlantic Records before deciding to part ways in 2008. Two official singles were released from the album: \"Lighters Up\" as the lead single, released in September 2005, and \"Whoa\", as the second and final single, in February 2006. \" The Naked Truth\" remains the only album by a female rapper to be rated five mics by \"The Source\". The album has sold over 2.7 million copies worldwide. The first single taken from the album was \"Lighters Up\". It was released on September 13, 2005 and was a commercial success, peaking at number 31 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The second, and final, single from the album was \"Whoa\". Released on February 7, 2006, it was less successful than its predecessor and failed to make the Hot 100. It did manage to chart in the UK, peaking at number 43. The first promo single taken from the album was \"Shut Up Bitch\". For the release the title was censored to \"Shut Up\". Released to radio on July 12, 2005, the song served as a promotional single for the album and peaked at number 73 on the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. It can be heard at the start of the \"Lighters Up\" music video. The second promo single was \"Spell Check\". It was released to US radio as a promo single for the album in December 2005, alongside \"Whoa\". The song was promoted in the music video for \"Whoa\" with Kim rapping the first verse and chorus near the end.", "Lighters Up \"Lighters Up\" is a single written and recorded by rapper Lil' Kim and produced by her ex-boyfriend, record producer Scott Storch. The song has a similar tone to Damian Marley's Welcome to Jamrock. It was released on August 12, 2005, a few weeks before the release of the album \"The Naked Truth\". The album was originally due to be released September 13, but was delayed until September 27 because Queen Bee Entertainment felt that sales would not hold with the single \"Lighters Up\". The single debuted at number 100 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, then quickly climbed up to number 31. The single had a moderate chart performance in the United Kingdom, peaking at number 12 on the UK Singles Chart. In 2013, the song was voted the best Brooklyn anthem by MTV. As the first single from the \"Naked Truth\", the single did reasonably well, creating hype for the album. However, due to the late follow-up, along with little promotions, the single performed less well than previous singles by Lil' Kim. The song is about Kim cautioning people about the dangers and conditions of certain parts of Brooklyn. The video features cameo appearances by Mary J. Blige and Maino. There was also an official remix of the song featuring Tego Calder\u00f3n. The song featured a new verse and ad-libs from Calderon, as well as a new intro from Kim, but no new verses from Kim. A limited edition CD single featuring this remix was given away with purchases of \"The Naked Truth\" album exclusively at Target. The music video of the song starts with the chorus of the clean version of \"Shut Up Bitch\", which they say \"Shut Up, Chick\" instead. Two versions of the song were released.", "Lil' Kim released her fourth album, The Naked Truth, on September 27, 2005, while serving a federal prison sentence. It earned her a 5 mic rating from The Source, making her the only female rapper to ever receive a 5 mic rating. The album debuted at number 6 on the Billboard 200 chart, selling 109,000 copies in its first week of release, giving Lil' Kim her third top 10 debut on the chart. The Naked Truth did not sell as well as her previous works, it only managed to reach a gold certification by RIAA. She said that her prison sentence left her with no time to promote the project. The music video for The Naked Truth's first single, \"Lighters Up\", was number one on BET's 106 & Park for two weeks. \"Lighters Up\" was a Top Ten hit on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart. The single also reached number. 67 on the German Single Chart, number 12 on the UK Top 75 and number 4 on the Finland Single Chart. The second single, \"Whoa\" was released on February 17, 2006. It reached number 22 on Airplay. On March 9, 2006, BET premiered the show Lil' Kim: Countdown to Lockdown, which was filmed before Lil' Kim headed to prison. The show became the highest rated premiere in BET history, averaging 1.9 million viewers. In May 2006, Debbie Harry released a song in tribute to Lil' Kim called \"Dirty and Deep\" in protest of her conviction. The song was available for free from her official website. The Dance Remixes, her first compilation album was released on June 6, 2006. The album featured remixes of songs from The Naked Truth and Hard Core.", "The Naked Truth (Golden Earring album) The Naked Truth is the fourth live album by Dutch hard rock band Golden Earring, released in 1992. All songs were performed with acoustic instruments. The album has been released over the decade with additional tracks under the titles The Complete Naked Truth and Fully Naked. All songs written by Hay and Kooymans except where noted. A 1998 edition of the album titled The Complete Naked Truth was sold as a two disc collection. Besides the above tracks, the collection included an additional seven tracks billed as previously unreleased. A three disc collection titled Fully Naked was released in 2001 as a box set. Besides including the two discs above, the set included a third disc again touted as previously unreleased."], "answer": {"text": "It reached number 22 on Airplay.", "answer_start": 987}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is The Naked Truth by Lil' Kim?", "answer": {"text": "Lil' Kim released her fourth album, The Naked Truth,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was The Naked Truth released ?", "answer": {"text": "The Naked Truth, on September 27, 2005,", "answer_start": 36, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was the album received by the reviewers ?", "answer": {"text": "It earned her a 5 mic rating from The Source, making her the only female rapper to ever receive a 5 mic rating.", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did the reviewers say about the album ?", "answer": {"text": "making her the only female rapper to ever receive a 5 mic rating.", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you name a single from The Naked Truth ?", "answer": {"text": "The Naked Truth's first single, \"Lighters Up\",", "answer_start": 608, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c57956af6daa449ab6be73fcd5a4c85d_1_q#0", "question": "What is La Mediteranee?", "rewrite": "What is La Mediteranee?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Syndinium Syndinium is a cosmopolitan genus of parasitic dinoflagellates that infest and kill marine planktonic species of copepods and radiolarians. \"Syndinium\" belongs to order Syndiniales, a candidate for the currently uncultured group I and II marine alveolates. The lifecycle of \"Syndinium\" is currently not well understood beyond the parasitic and zoospore stages. \"Syndinium\" was first described by French biologist \u00c9douard Chatton in 1910 as parasites of \"Paracalanus parvus\", a marine copepod in the Mediterranean Sea. The first \"Syndinium\" species described was \"Syndinium turbo\", which remains the most studied \"Syndinium\" species today. Due to there being 3 distinct zoospore morphologies for \"Synidium turbo\", Chatton described it as 3 separate \"Syndinium\" species with the same host copepod species. This was corrected in 2005 when Skovgaard et al. discovered that the 3 zoospore morphologies of \"Syndinium turbo\" are genetically identical. Throughout the 20th Century researchers encountered \"Syndinium\" species in a range of copepod and radiolarian in marine habitats ranging from the Clyde Sea to Port Phillip Bay, Australia. In the 2000s, \"Syndinium\" is given renewed attention from protist researchers thanks to the maturation of metagenomics techniques such as environmental sequencing, bypassing the need to capture and culture. In 2001 rRNA amplification marine plankton samples led to the tentative establishment of group I and group II marine alveolates, two novel lineages that have not yet been cultivated in the laboratory.", "Countess Henriette Catherine of Nassau Henriette Catherine of Nassau (10 February 1637 \u2013 3 November 1708) was princess consort of Anhalt-Dessau by marriage to John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, and regent of Anhalt-Dessau from 1693 to 1698 during the minority (and then the absence) of her son Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau. Henriette was born in The Hague as a member of the House of Orange-Nassau, being the seventh of nine children born to Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange and Amalia of Solms-Braunfels. Some of her siblings died in childhood. Henriette and four other siblings lived to adulthood, her surviving siblings were: William II, Prince of Orange, Luise Henriette of Nassau, Albertine Agnes of Nassau and Maria of Nassau. The Thirty Years War had left Germany in ruins but the Netherlands under the reign of Henriette's father, Frederick Henry, had made great progress since the assassination of William the Silent. Her father wanted to make peace with Germany and so married some of his daughters off to German nobles. Her mother, continuing this policy had Henriette married to John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau in Groningen on 9 September 1659. Henriette's consent cannot have been taken for granted: she was a woman of spirit and independence, who had already refused to marry a cousin whom she disliked, and for a time considered marrying her brother-in-law Charles II of England. Judging by his letters Charles may have been genuinely in love with her, but later said that he was happy about her marriage, and believed that Henriette and John had married for love. Henriette and John George were a great influence over the German court at agriculture, construction of ports, levees, architecture and painting.", "Katherine Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk Katherine Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk, \"suo jure\" 12th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby (22 March 1519 \u2013 19 September 1580), was an English noblewoman living at the courts of King Henry VIII, King Edward VI and Queen Elizabeth I. She was the fourth wife of Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, who acted as her legal guardian during his third marriage to Henry VIII's sister Mary. Her second husband was Richard Bertie, a member of her household. Following Charles Brandon's death in 1545, it was rumoured that King Henry had considered marrying Catherine as his seventh wife, while he was still married to his sixth wife, Catherine Parr, who was Katherine's close friend. An outspoken supporter of the English Reformation, she fled abroad to Wesel and later the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the reign of Queen Mary I, to avoid persecution. Katherine Willoughby, born at Parham Old Hall, Suffolk, on 22 March 1519 and christened in the church there four days later, was the daughter of William Willoughby, 11th Baron Willoughby de Eresby, and his second wife, Mar\u00eda de Salinas. Lord Willoughby's first wife, Mary Hussey, the daughter of William Hussey, Chief Justice of the King's Bench, had died childless before 1512, and in June 1516 he married Maria de Salinas. Dona Maria de Salinas had come to the English court with Henry VIII's Queen consort, Catherine of Aragon, and was one of the Queen's ladies-in-waiting and closest friends. The King favoured another match bolstering his own marital alliance with Spain, and even named one of his warships the \"Mary Willoughby\".", "He came to be seen by many Bulgarians as a God-given saviour. The rebellion broke out in the spring or summer of 1277 in north-eastern Bulgaria where the Mongol devastation was strongest. In the summer of 1277 Ivaylo confronted and defeated a plundering Mongol unit. Another victory followed soon and by autumn all Mongols were driven out of Bulgarian territory. Having achieved what had eluded the Bulgarian arms for decades, his popularity and reputation rose quickly. Among his followers were an increasing number of nobles who were discontent with the intrigues of Empress Maria. Ivaylo was hailed as Emperor by the people and many regions came under his control. In the end of 1277 Constantine Tikh finally took measures to confront the rebels. He gathered a small army and advanced slowly as he had to travel in a chariot because of his injury. Ivaylo attacked and defeated this force, killing many of the emperor's close associates, while the rest of the army joined the rebels. Ivaylo personally slew Constantine Tikh, claiming that the emperor did nothing to keep his honour in the battle. After his triumph, Ivaylo began to seize the country's fortified cities, which surrendered and recognized him as emperor one by one. By the spring of 1278 only the capital Tarnovo remained under the control of Empress Maria. Meanwhile, the Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos left Constantinople for Adrianople, situated close to the Byzantine\u2013Bulgarian border, in order to monitor the events and to exploit the situation in Bulgaria in his favour. The demise of Constantine Tikh came as a shock for the Byzantines. Initially, Michael VIII considered marrying his daughter to Ivaylo, but eventually decided that it would be more favourable to install a prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of his own.", "In collaboration with the pro-Cubist writer, poet, and critique Paul Derm\u00e9e, Ozenfant and Jeanneret founded the avant-garde journal \"L'Esprit Nouveau\", published from 1920 to 1925. In the last issue, Jeanneret, under the pseudonym Paul Boulard, writes of how the laws of nature were manifested in the shape of crystals; the properties of which were hermetically coherent, both interiorly and exteriorly. In \"La peinture moderne\", under the title \"Vers le crystal\", Ozenfant and Jeanneret liken the properties of crystals with the true Cubist, whose \u0153uvre tends toward the crystal. Certain Cubists have created paintings that can be said to tend toward the perfection of the crystal. These works seem to approach our current needs. The crystal is, in nature, a phenomenon that affects us most because it clearly shows the path to geometric organization. Nature sometimes shows us how forms are built through a reciprocal interplay of internal and external forces... following the theoretical forms of geometry; and man delights in these arrangements because he finds in them justification for his abstract conceptions of geometry: the spirit of man and nature find a factor of common ground, in the crystal... In true Cubism, there something organic that proceeds from the inside to the outside... The universality of the work depends on its plastic purity. (Ozenfant and Jeanneret, 1923-25) A second Purist exhibition was held at the Galerie Druet, Paris, in 1921. In 1924 Ozenfant opened a free studio in Paris with Fernand L\u00e9ger, where he taught with Aleksandra Ekster and Marie Laurencin. Ozenfant and Le Corbusier wrote \"La Peinture moderne\" in 1925."], "answer": {"text": "His first book,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c57956af6daa449ab6be73fcd5a4c85d_1_q#1", "question": "what was the topic?", "rewrite": "what was the topic of La Mediterranee?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Atlantic Star (cruise ship) Atlantic Star (formerly FairSky, Sky Princess, Pacific Sky and Sky Wonder) was a cruise ship built in 1984. She sailed for Sitmar Cruises, Princess Cruises, P&O Cruises Australia, and Pullmantur Cruises. Laid up since 2010, the ship was handed over to STX France in 2013 as a partial payment for the new \"Oasis\"-class cruise ship. Later, she was reportedly sold to a shipbreaker in Alia\u011fa, Turkey, and renamed Antic. \"FairSky\" was built in 1984 by Chantiers de Nord et de la Mediterranee of La Seyne-Sur Mer in France for the Italian cruise company Sitmar Cruises. In keeping up with the rest of the Sitmar fleet, she was originally named \"Fairsky\" and was registered in Liberia. In September 1988, when Sitmar was purchased by P&O Cruises, she was renamed the \"Sky Princess\" for P&O's Princess Cruises subsidiary and re-registered in London. In October 2000, she was transferred to P&O Cruises Australia under the name \"Pacific Sky\". Replacing the 1957-built \"Fair Princess\", \"Pacific Sky\"s modernised facilities made her popular with Australian cruise passengers. Between 2000 and 2006, \"Pacific Sky\" carried 275,000 passengers on 200 cruises. Her popularity prompted the expansion of the P&O Australia fleet to include \"Pacific Sun\" (2004), \"Pacific Dawn\" (November 2007), Pacific Jewel (2009) and Pacific Pearl (2010). In May 2006, the transfer from P&O Cruises Australia to Pullmantur Cruises in Spain was made, after a series of 33 seven-day cruises based out of Singapore. \" Sky Wonder\" was registered in Valletta, Malta.", "The book tells the story of the casino wars on the French Riviera between the 1970s \u2013 1980's, from the protagonist's point of view. It includes the account of the take-over of Madame Le Roux's Palais de le Mediterranee casino by Jean-Dominique Fratoni, with the support of Jacques Medecin, the then mayor of Nice. T\u00e9chin\u00e9 co-wrote the script with Jean-Charles Le Roux (Agn\u00e8s' brother) and C\u00e9dric Anger, director of \"Next Time I\u2019ll Aim For The Heart\" (\"La Prochaine Fois Je Viserai Le Coeur\") a film also starring Guillaume Canet. Rather than focusing in the judicial twists of Agnelet's trial, T\u00e9chin\u00e9 wanted to center the plot in the love and power struggle between Ren\u00e9e Le Roux, her daughter Agn\u00e8s, and Maurice Agnelet: the iron-fisted mother, the rebellious daughter and Agnelet's desire for recognition by society. \"It was Agn\u00e8s that I was most interested in\" Techine explains adding: \" I wanted to paint her portrait. I agreed to make the film after reading the letters that Agnes had written to Agnelet because, quite unexpectedly, I found a surprising resemblance with another female character that I had long wanted to bring to the screen, Julie de Lespinasse. There are many parallels between the passionate love letters of this 18th century woman of letters and Agnes \u2013 heir to the Palais de la Mediterranee\u2019s \u2013 letters. For example:\"I love you how you must be loved, with excess, madness, ardor and despair.\" \"In the Name of my daughter\" premiered, screened out of competition, at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival. In France, it was released in July 2014 and it attracted 300,373 audiences.", "MS Al Andalus Express MS \"Al Andalus Express (formerly \"Nord Pas-de-Calais\") is a freight ferry owned by Eurotunnel and operated by FRS Iberia/Maroc. She was built in 1987 by Chantiers du Nord et de la Mediterranee, Dunkirk ( Yard No 325) for Societe Nationale des Chemin de Fer Francais (SNCF), Paris as a multi-purpose passenger and roll-on roll-off ferry for lorries and railway vehicles. After the introduction of Eurotunnel there was no need for a train ferry, so SNCF was losing money running her. She was acquired by SNAT and Stena Sealink in 1989, which operated the \"Nord Pas-de-Calais\" until 31 December 1995. From 1 January 1996 SNAT operated as SeaFrance. The vessel was renamed SeaFrance Nord Pas-de-Calais\". SeaFrance operated until November 2011, and was liquidated on 9 January 2012. Eurotunnel won the bid for the three of the former SeaFrance vessels the original name of the vessel was restored, dropping the \"SeaFrance\" prefix. MyFerryLink started running on 20 August 2012, although \"Nord Pas-de-Calais\" joined in November 2012 following a refit. Following MyFerryLink's cessation of operations, mostly cited due to financial issues, the ferry was used directly by Eurotunnel to carry hazmat cargoes that are not allowed on regular train services. \"Nord Pas-de-Calais\" was built in 1987 by Chantiers du Nord et de la Mediterranee, Dunkerque for SNCF as a train ferry.", "Clara Perra Clara Perra (Naples November 1954 - Roseto degli Abruzzi - August 2015) was an Italian solo percussionist , music educator, pianist and composer. She was the first Italian woman to hold concerts of percussion instruments and to teach them in State conservatories. Author of compositions and educational works, Clara Perra won several national auditions and an international competition, at the Orchestra of the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples. She played at the Italy on Stage festival in New York and in several concert tours she performed in repertoires ranging from classics transcribed for vibraphone, like Schumann, Bach and Mozart to the \"classics\" of contemporary music such as Varese and Cage (which, among other things, included the percussion part and the prepared piano of \"Amores\" performed for the first time ever in Naples). With a precocious but misunderstood talent, and despite having started to study piano at the age of six, Clara Perra did not immediately begin to study music. After listening to a concert of percussion instruments, as she herself declared in an interview, she \u201csuccumbed\u201d to the \"rataplan\" rhythms, event that convinced her to leave Medical School and enrol in the music conservatory. In a short time, she graduated in piano and percussion instruments (the latter degree with honours and a special academic mention) and began studying composition with Maestro Aladino Di Martino, director of the \"San Pietro a Majella \" Conservatory in Naples. In 1984 she was the only Italian percussionist to become part of the Orchestre des Jeunes de la Mediterranee (with which she performed in major European capitals). Later, she won four national auditions and an international competition at the Orchestra of the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples. She played in this theatre for over a decade, collaborating with world renowned conductors and performers.", "David Sambar Dr. Sambar was born in Haifa, Palestine. His father was Consul General for Lebanon at the time. The family moved to Lebanon in 1948 on account of the Jewish-Arab hostilities. He was educated at British, American and French Schools and Universities; holds a doctorate \u201ccum laude\u201d from Universite de Lyon, France \u2013 School of Law, Economics & Business. Tri-lingual: Fluent in English, French, Arabic and conversational in Spanish, Portuguese and Italian. Sambar has lived in Beirut, Paris, London, Geneva and New York. Dr. Sambar\u2019s early professional career was in the oil industry (Bechtel/Tapline/Aramco) and soon moved into a financial career with Chase Manhattan Bank, New York (1955). At Chase Manhattan Bank he held various positions in different financial centres, namely, Beirut, Paris, Geneva, London and New York. The last positions were Vice President for The Middle East and North Africa in New York and Executive Director of CML (Chase\u2019s Merchant Bank in London). David parted with Chase (1977) to take over as head of international operations for the Sharjah Group\u2014a large investment pool owned predominantly by Gulf Ruling/ Royal family members and a substantial number of individual & institutional investors from the Persian Gulf. His professional life developed into concentrating less on day to day in favour of Board level appointments. He soon was appointed Honorary Chairman of Banque de la Mediterranee, Paris (1983 to 86) and Executive Chairman of Mediterranee Investors Group Luxembourg & UK. Non Exec Chairman of British American Properties. In the same vein he was invited to Kroll Security Group UK as Senior Consultant."], "answer": {"text": "Braudel looks at two or three centuries in order to spot a particular pattern, such as the rise and fall of various aristocracies.", "answer_start": 1282}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is La Mediteranee?", "answer": {"text": "His first book,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c57956af6daa449ab6be73fcd5a4c85d_1_q#2", "question": "what time period was he studying?", "rewrite": "what time period was Fernand Braudel studying for La Mediterranee?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Giovanni Arrighi Giovanni Arrighi (7 July 1937 \u2013 18 June 2009) was an Italian economist, sociologist and world-systems analyst, from 1998 a Professor of Sociology at Johns Hopkins University. His work has been translated into over fifteen languages. Arrighi was born in Milan, Italy in 1937. He received his Laurea in economics from the Bocconi University in 1960. Arrighi began his career teaching at the University College of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and later at the University College of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. During this period he developed arguments about how the labor supply and labor resistance affected the development of colonialism and national liberation movements. It was there that he met Immanuel Wallerstein, later a collaborator on a number of research projects. After returning to Italy in 1969, Arrighi and others formed the \"Gruppo Gramsci\" in 1971. In 1979 Arrighi joined Wallerstein and Terence Hopkins as a professor of sociology at the Fernand Braudel Center for the Study of Economies, Historical Systems, and Civilizations at Binghamton University. It was during this time that the Fernand Braudel Center became known as the main center of world-systems analysis, attracting scholars from all over the world. His most famous work was a trilogy on the origins and transformations of global capitalism, which began in 1994 with a book that reinterpreted the evolution of capitalism, \"The Long Twentieth Century: Money, Power, and the Origins of Our Times\". The book is a classic in the field, published in at least ten languages. Giovanni completed a second edition of \"The Long Twentieth Century\" in 2009.", "His first book, La Mediterranee et le Monde Mediterraneen a l'Epoque de Philippe II (1949) (The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II) was his most influential. For Braudel there is no single Mediterranean Sea. There are many seas--indeed a \"vast, complex expanse\" within which men operate. Life is conducted on the Mediterranean: people travel, fish, fight wars, and drown in its various contexts. And the sea articulates with the plains and islands. Life on the plains is diverse and complex; the poorer south is affected by religious diversity (Catholicism and Islam), as well as by intrusions - both cultural and economic - from the wealthier north. In other words, the Mediterranean cannot be understood independently from what is exterior to it. Any rigid adherence to boundaries falsifies the situation. The first level of time, geographical time, is that of the environment, with its slow, almost imperceptible change, its repetition and cycles. Such change may be slow, but it is irresistible. The second level of time comprises long-term social, economic, and cultural history, where Braudel discusses the Mediterranean economy, social groupings, empires and civilizations. Change at this level is much more rapid than that of the environment; Braudel looks at two or three centuries in order to spot a particular pattern, such as the rise and fall of various aristocracies. The third level of time is that of events (histoire evenementielle). This is the history of individuals with names. This, for Braudel, is the time of surfaces and deceptive effects. It is the time of the \"courte duree\" proper and it is the focus of Part 3 of The Mediterranean which treats of \"events, politics and people.\"", "MS Al Andalus Express MS \"Al Andalus Express (formerly \"Nord Pas-de-Calais\") is a freight ferry owned by Eurotunnel and operated by FRS Iberia/Maroc. She was built in 1987 by Chantiers du Nord et de la Mediterranee, Dunkirk ( Yard No 325) for Societe Nationale des Chemin de Fer Francais (SNCF), Paris as a multi-purpose passenger and roll-on roll-off ferry for lorries and railway vehicles. After the introduction of Eurotunnel there was no need for a train ferry, so SNCF was losing money running her. She was acquired by SNAT and Stena Sealink in 1989, which operated the \"Nord Pas-de-Calais\" until 31 December 1995. From 1 January 1996 SNAT operated as SeaFrance. The vessel was renamed SeaFrance Nord Pas-de-Calais\". SeaFrance operated until November 2011, and was liquidated on 9 January 2012. Eurotunnel won the bid for the three of the former SeaFrance vessels the original name of the vessel was restored, dropping the \"SeaFrance\" prefix. MyFerryLink started running on 20 August 2012, although \"Nord Pas-de-Calais\" joined in November 2012 following a refit. Following MyFerryLink's cessation of operations, mostly cited due to financial issues, the ferry was used directly by Eurotunnel to carry hazmat cargoes that are not allowed on regular train services. \"Nord Pas-de-Calais\" was built in 1987 by Chantiers du Nord et de la Mediterranee, Dunkerque for SNCF as a train ferry.", "Fernand Braudel Center The Fernand Braudel Center for the Study of Economies, Historical Systems, and Civilizations at Binghamton University, State University of New York was founded in September 1976 and serves as one of the preeminent centers for advanced study of systemic history (especially the world-systems dynamics) and historiography in the US. It is named after the famous French historian Fernand Braudel. The following Professors are on the Executive Board - the governing body of the Center: Barbara Abou-el-Haj (Art & Art History), Fa-ti Fan (History), Randall McGuire (Anthropology), Denis O'Hearn (Sociology), Dale Tomich (Sociology & History), Thomas M. Wilson (Anthropology), Jason W. Moore, and as Director Richard E. Lee (Sociology). Immanuel Wallerstein was head of the Center until 2005.", "Beverly J. Silver Beverly J. Silver (born 1957) is an American scholar of labor and development whose work has been translated into over twelve languages. She is a professor of Sociology at The Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland. Silver grew up in Detroit during a period of intense working-class struggle. She was active in the United Farm Workers Union and the solidarity campaigns for Chile. Silver received her B.A. in economics from Barnard College and her Ph.D. from SUNY Binghamton, where she was part of the Fernand Braudel Center for the Study of Economies, Historical Systems, and Civilizations. During this time she collaborated with a number of scholars including Giovanni Arrighi, Immanuel Wallerstein, and Terence Hopkins and contributed to the development of the school of world-systems analysis. For many years she was a member of the World Labor Research Group at the Fernand Braudel Center at Binghamton. \"Forces of Labor\" won the highest book award in 2005 from the American Sociological Association, the Distinguished Scholarly Publication Award."], "answer": {"text": "the Age of Philip II", "answer_start": 141}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is La Mediteranee?", "answer": {"text": "His first book,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the topic?", "answer": {"text": "Braudel looks at two or three centuries in order to spot a particular pattern, such as the rise and fall of various aristocracies.", "answer_start": 1282, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c57956af6daa449ab6be73fcd5a4c85d_1_q#3", "question": "what patterns did he discover?", "rewrite": "what patterns did Braudel discover during the age of philip II?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["His first book, La Mediterranee et le Monde Mediterraneen a l'Epoque de Philippe II (1949) (The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II) was his most influential. For Braudel there is no single Mediterranean Sea. There are many seas--indeed a \"vast, complex expanse\" within which men operate. Life is conducted on the Mediterranean: people travel, fish, fight wars, and drown in its various contexts. And the sea articulates with the plains and islands. Life on the plains is diverse and complex; the poorer south is affected by religious diversity (Catholicism and Islam), as well as by intrusions - both cultural and economic - from the wealthier north. In other words, the Mediterranean cannot be understood independently from what is exterior to it. Any rigid adherence to boundaries falsifies the situation. The first level of time, geographical time, is that of the environment, with its slow, almost imperceptible change, its repetition and cycles. Such change may be slow, but it is irresistible. The second level of time comprises long-term social, economic, and cultural history, where Braudel discusses the Mediterranean economy, social groupings, empires and civilizations. Change at this level is much more rapid than that of the environment; Braudel looks at two or three centuries in order to spot a particular pattern, such as the rise and fall of various aristocracies. The third level of time is that of events (histoire evenementielle). This is the history of individuals with names. This, for Braudel, is the time of surfaces and deceptive effects. It is the time of the \"courte duree\" proper and it is the focus of Part 3 of The Mediterranean which treats of \"events, politics and people.\"", "Co-founder Marc Bloch (1886\u20131944) was a quintessential modernist who studied at the elite \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, and in Germany, serving as a professor at the University of Strasbourg until he was called to the Sorbonne in Paris in 1936 as professor of economic history. Bloch's interests were highly interdisciplinary, influenced by the geography of Paul Vidal de la Blache (1845\u20131918) and the sociology of \u00c9mile Durkheim (1858\u20131917). His own ideas, especially those expressed in his masterworks, \"French Rural History\" (\"Les caract\u00e8res originaux de l'histoire rurale fran\u00e7aise,\" 1931) and \"Feudal Society\", were incorporated by the second-generation Annalistes, led by Fernand Braudel. Georges Duby, a leader of the school, wrote that the history he taught: The Annalistes, especially Lucien Febvre, advocated a \"histoire totale\", or \"histoire tout court\", a complete study of a historic problem. Bloch was shot by the Gestapo during the German occupation of France in World War II for his active membership of the French Resistance, and Febvre carried on the \"Annales\" approach in the 1940s and 1950s. It was during this time that he mentored Braudel, who would become one of the best-known exponents of this school. Braudel's work came to define a \"second\" era of \"Annales\" historiography and was very influential throughout the 1960s and 1970s, especially for his work on the Mediterranean region in the era of Philip II of Spain.", "He wanted to marry had an legitimize their children; for his marriage, he needed a papal dispensation, to release him from the vow of chastity and celibacy he'd made when he was ordained. In the spring of 1550, his negotiator introduced him to the newly elected Pope Julius III. The dispensation was granted on May 20, conditional on an official investigation by an official from M\u00fcnster of Philip II's claim that he had made his vow against his will. This investigation lasted until 15 November 1551. On 28 January 1552, Philip II concluded a new contract of inheritance with his brothers. After his death, Maria Caspara would receive B\u00fcrgel as her wittum and his brothers would inherit the other possessions. Philip II's children would join the clergy. Encouraged by the new political circumstances and the Peace of Passau, Philip II thought better of it and on 28 September 1552, he married Maria Caspara in the chapel of Broich Castle. The ceremony was led by the Lutheran priest Johann Kremer; apart from their two children, no relatives were present. On 5 January 1554, Philip II concluded a new contract of inheritance with his brothers. Under the terms of this contract, his brother Sebastian would Oberstein, including the castle and everything that belonged to it; Philip II's son Wirich VI would inherit Broich and Phulip's widow would receive Br\u00fcgel as her wittum; after her death, Br\u00fcgel would go to Wirich VI. Philip II died a short time later and was buried in the St. Peter's church in M\u00fclheim. Philip II married Maria Caspara of Holtey (1520 \u2013 14 January 1558) on 29 September 1552. They had two children:", "In the \"longue dur\u00e9e\" of economic history, beyond, or beneath, the cycles and structural crises, lie \"old attitudes of thought and action, resistant frameworks dying hard, at times against all logic. \" Braudel also stressed the importance of slow-changing geographic factors, like the constraints placed by the natural environment upon human production and communication. In the first volume of \"The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II\", for example, he described the tension between mountain dwellers and plain dwellers, with their different cultures and economic models, as a basic feature of Mediterranean history over thousands of years. The history of the \"longue dur\u00e9e\" that informs Braudel's two masterworks therefore offers a contrast to the archives-directed history that arose at the end of the 19th century, and a return to the broader views of the earlier generation of Jules Michelet, Leopold von Ranke, Jacob Burckhardt or Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges. Averil Cameron, in examining the Mediterranean world in late antiquity concluded that \"consideration of the \"longue dur\u00e9e\" is more helpful than the appeal to immediate causal factors.\" Sergio Villalobos also expressly took the long view in his \"Historia del pueblo chileno.\" Academics often apply Braudel's underlying logic of the \"longue dur\u00e9e\" to examine settler colonialism, an imperialistic style of colonization with a fixation on land, not resources. The notion, as outlined by historians, is supported by the claim that Manifest destiny, the impetus to British Imperialism, resulted in the large-scale devastation and destruction of Indigenous peoples in the Americas. Minerva Campion details the nuances of a \"longue dur\u00e9e\" view of Amazonian colonization.", "By the 1990s, however, \"mentalit\u00e9\" history had become interdisciplinary to the point of fragmentation, but still lacked a solid theoretical basis. While not explicitly rejecting \"mentalit\u00e9\" history, younger historians increasingly turned to other approaches. Fernand Braudel became the leader of the second generation after 1945. He obtained funding from the Rockefeller Foundation in New York and founded the 6th Section of the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, which was devoted to the study of history and the social sciences. It became an independent degree-granting institution in 1975 under the name \u00c9cole des Hautes \u00c9tudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS). Braudel's followers admired his use of the longue dur\u00e9e approach to stress slow, and often imperceptible effects of space, climate and technology on the actions of human beings in the past. The \"Annales\" historians, after living through two world wars and incredible political upheavals in France, were deeply uncomfortable with the notion that multiple ruptures and discontinuities created history. They preferred to stress inertia and the longue dur\u00e9e. Special attention was paid to geography, climate, and demography as long-term factors. They believed the continuities of the deepest structures were central to history, beside which upheavals in institutions or the superstructure of social life were of little significance, for history lies beyond the reach of conscious actors, especially the will of revolutionaries. They rejected the Marxist idea that history should be used as a tool to foment and foster revolutions. In turn the Marxists called them conservatives. Braudel's first book, \"La M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e et le Monde M\u00e9diterran\u00e9en \u00e0 l'Epoque de Philippe II\" (1949) (\"The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II\") was his most influential."], "answer": {"text": "The first level of time, geographical time, is that of the environment, with its slow, almost imperceptible change, its repetition and cycles.", "answer_start": 839}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is La Mediteranee?", "answer": {"text": "His first book,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the topic?", "answer": {"text": "Braudel looks at two or three centuries in order to spot a particular pattern, such as the rise and fall of various aristocracies.", "answer_start": 1282, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what time period was he studying?", "answer": {"text": "the Age of Philip II", "answer_start": 141, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c57956af6daa449ab6be73fcd5a4c85d_1_q#4", "question": "what other levels did he study?", "rewrite": "Other than the first level of time, what other levels did Braudel study during the age of Philip II?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["By the 1990s, however, \"mentalit\u00e9\" history had become interdisciplinary to the point of fragmentation, but still lacked a solid theoretical basis. While not explicitly rejecting \"mentalit\u00e9\" history, younger historians increasingly turned to other approaches. Fernand Braudel became the leader of the second generation after 1945. He obtained funding from the Rockefeller Foundation in New York and founded the 6th Section of the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, which was devoted to the study of history and the social sciences. It became an independent degree-granting institution in 1975 under the name \u00c9cole des Hautes \u00c9tudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS). Braudel's followers admired his use of the longue dur\u00e9e approach to stress slow, and often imperceptible effects of space, climate and technology on the actions of human beings in the past. The \"Annales\" historians, after living through two world wars and incredible political upheavals in France, were deeply uncomfortable with the notion that multiple ruptures and discontinuities created history. They preferred to stress inertia and the longue dur\u00e9e. Special attention was paid to geography, climate, and demography as long-term factors. They believed the continuities of the deepest structures were central to history, beside which upheavals in institutions or the superstructure of social life were of little significance, for history lies beyond the reach of conscious actors, especially the will of revolutionaries. They rejected the Marxist idea that history should be used as a tool to foment and foster revolutions. In turn the Marxists called them conservatives. Braudel's first book, \"La M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e et le Monde M\u00e9diterran\u00e9en \u00e0 l'Epoque de Philippe II\" (1949) (\"The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II\") was his most influential.", "Co-founder Marc Bloch (1886\u20131944) was a quintessential modernist who studied at the elite \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, and in Germany, serving as a professor at the University of Strasbourg until he was called to the Sorbonne in Paris in 1936 as professor of economic history. Bloch's interests were highly interdisciplinary, influenced by the geography of Paul Vidal de la Blache (1845\u20131918) and the sociology of \u00c9mile Durkheim (1858\u20131917). His own ideas, especially those expressed in his masterworks, \"French Rural History\" (\"Les caract\u00e8res originaux de l'histoire rurale fran\u00e7aise,\" 1931) and \"Feudal Society\", were incorporated by the second-generation Annalistes, led by Fernand Braudel. Georges Duby, a leader of the school, wrote that the history he taught: The Annalistes, especially Lucien Febvre, advocated a \"histoire totale\", or \"histoire tout court\", a complete study of a historic problem. Bloch was shot by the Gestapo during the German occupation of France in World War II for his active membership of the French Resistance, and Febvre carried on the \"Annales\" approach in the 1940s and 1950s. It was during this time that he mentored Braudel, who would become one of the best-known exponents of this school. Braudel's work came to define a \"second\" era of \"Annales\" historiography and was very influential throughout the 1960s and 1970s, especially for his work on the Mediterranean region in the era of Philip II of Spain.", "He wanted to marry had an legitimize their children; for his marriage, he needed a papal dispensation, to release him from the vow of chastity and celibacy he'd made when he was ordained. In the spring of 1550, his negotiator introduced him to the newly elected Pope Julius III. The dispensation was granted on May 20, conditional on an official investigation by an official from M\u00fcnster of Philip II's claim that he had made his vow against his will. This investigation lasted until 15 November 1551. On 28 January 1552, Philip II concluded a new contract of inheritance with his brothers. After his death, Maria Caspara would receive B\u00fcrgel as her wittum and his brothers would inherit the other possessions. Philip II's children would join the clergy. Encouraged by the new political circumstances and the Peace of Passau, Philip II thought better of it and on 28 September 1552, he married Maria Caspara in the chapel of Broich Castle. The ceremony was led by the Lutheran priest Johann Kremer; apart from their two children, no relatives were present. On 5 January 1554, Philip II concluded a new contract of inheritance with his brothers. Under the terms of this contract, his brother Sebastian would Oberstein, including the castle and everything that belonged to it; Philip II's son Wirich VI would inherit Broich and Phulip's widow would receive Br\u00fcgel as her wittum; after her death, Br\u00fcgel would go to Wirich VI. Philip II died a short time later and was buried in the St. Peter's church in M\u00fclheim. Philip II married Maria Caspara of Holtey (1520 \u2013 14 January 1558) on 29 September 1552. They had two children:", "In the \"longue dur\u00e9e\" of economic history, beyond, or beneath, the cycles and structural crises, lie \"old attitudes of thought and action, resistant frameworks dying hard, at times against all logic. \" Braudel also stressed the importance of slow-changing geographic factors, like the constraints placed by the natural environment upon human production and communication. In the first volume of \"The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II\", for example, he described the tension between mountain dwellers and plain dwellers, with their different cultures and economic models, as a basic feature of Mediterranean history over thousands of years. The history of the \"longue dur\u00e9e\" that informs Braudel's two masterworks therefore offers a contrast to the archives-directed history that arose at the end of the 19th century, and a return to the broader views of the earlier generation of Jules Michelet, Leopold von Ranke, Jacob Burckhardt or Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges. Averil Cameron, in examining the Mediterranean world in late antiquity concluded that \"consideration of the \"longue dur\u00e9e\" is more helpful than the appeal to immediate causal factors.\" Sergio Villalobos also expressly took the long view in his \"Historia del pueblo chileno.\" Academics often apply Braudel's underlying logic of the \"longue dur\u00e9e\" to examine settler colonialism, an imperialistic style of colonization with a fixation on land, not resources. The notion, as outlined by historians, is supported by the claim that Manifest destiny, the impetus to British Imperialism, resulted in the large-scale devastation and destruction of Indigenous peoples in the Americas. Minerva Campion details the nuances of a \"longue dur\u00e9e\" view of Amazonian colonization.", "His first book, La Mediterranee et le Monde Mediterraneen a l'Epoque de Philippe II (1949) (The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II) was his most influential. For Braudel there is no single Mediterranean Sea. There are many seas--indeed a \"vast, complex expanse\" within which men operate. Life is conducted on the Mediterranean: people travel, fish, fight wars, and drown in its various contexts. And the sea articulates with the plains and islands. Life on the plains is diverse and complex; the poorer south is affected by religious diversity (Catholicism and Islam), as well as by intrusions - both cultural and economic - from the wealthier north. In other words, the Mediterranean cannot be understood independently from what is exterior to it. Any rigid adherence to boundaries falsifies the situation. The first level of time, geographical time, is that of the environment, with its slow, almost imperceptible change, its repetition and cycles. Such change may be slow, but it is irresistible. The second level of time comprises long-term social, economic, and cultural history, where Braudel discusses the Mediterranean economy, social groupings, empires and civilizations. Change at this level is much more rapid than that of the environment; Braudel looks at two or three centuries in order to spot a particular pattern, such as the rise and fall of various aristocracies. The third level of time is that of events (histoire evenementielle). This is the history of individuals with names. This, for Braudel, is the time of surfaces and deceptive effects. It is the time of the \"courte duree\" proper and it is the focus of Part 3 of The Mediterranean which treats of \"events, politics and people.\""], "answer": {"text": "The second level of time comprises long-term social, economic, and cultural history, where Braudel discusses the Mediterranean economy,", "answer_start": 1031}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is La Mediteranee?", "answer": {"text": "His first book,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the topic?", "answer": {"text": "Braudel looks at two or three centuries in order to spot a particular pattern, such as the rise and fall of various aristocracies.", "answer_start": 1282, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what time period was he studying?", "answer": {"text": "the Age of Philip II", "answer_start": 141, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what patterns did he discover?", "answer": {"text": "The first level of time, geographical time, is that of the environment, with its slow, almost imperceptible change, its repetition and cycles.", "answer_start": 839, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c57956af6daa449ab6be73fcd5a4c85d_1_q#5", "question": "is there a third level of time?", "rewrite": "is there a third level of time According to Braudel's study?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Fernand Braudel Center The Fernand Braudel Center for the Study of Economies, Historical Systems, and Civilizations at Binghamton University, State University of New York was founded in September 1976 and serves as one of the preeminent centers for advanced study of systemic history (especially the world-systems dynamics) and historiography in the US. It is named after the famous French historian Fernand Braudel. The following Professors are on the Executive Board - the governing body of the Center: Barbara Abou-el-Haj (Art & Art History), Fa-ti Fan (History), Randall McGuire (Anthropology), Denis O'Hearn (Sociology), Dale Tomich (Sociology & History), Thomas M. Wilson (Anthropology), Jason W. Moore, and as Director Richard E. Lee (Sociology). Immanuel Wallerstein was head of the Center until 2005.", "His first book, La Mediterranee et le Monde Mediterraneen a l'Epoque de Philippe II (1949) (The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II) was his most influential. For Braudel there is no single Mediterranean Sea. There are many seas--indeed a \"vast, complex expanse\" within which men operate. Life is conducted on the Mediterranean: people travel, fish, fight wars, and drown in its various contexts. And the sea articulates with the plains and islands. Life on the plains is diverse and complex; the poorer south is affected by religious diversity (Catholicism and Islam), as well as by intrusions - both cultural and economic - from the wealthier north. In other words, the Mediterranean cannot be understood independently from what is exterior to it. Any rigid adherence to boundaries falsifies the situation. The first level of time, geographical time, is that of the environment, with its slow, almost imperceptible change, its repetition and cycles. Such change may be slow, but it is irresistible. The second level of time comprises long-term social, economic, and cultural history, where Braudel discusses the Mediterranean economy, social groupings, empires and civilizations. Change at this level is much more rapid than that of the environment; Braudel looks at two or three centuries in order to spot a particular pattern, such as the rise and fall of various aristocracies. The third level of time is that of events (histoire evenementielle). This is the history of individuals with names. This, for Braudel, is the time of surfaces and deceptive effects. It is the time of the \"courte duree\" proper and it is the focus of Part 3 of The Mediterranean which treats of \"events, politics and people.\"", "Longue dur\u00e9e The longue dur\u00e9e (; ) is an expression used by the French Annales School of historical writing to designate their approach to the study of history. It gives priority to long-term historical structures over what Fran\u00e7ois Simiand called \"histoire \u00e9v\u00e9nementielle\" (\"evental history\", the short-term time-scale that is the domain of the chronicler and the journalist), concentrating instead on all-but-permanent or slowly evolving structures, and substitutes for elite biographies the broader syntheses of prosopography. The crux of the idea is to examine extended periods of time and draw conclusions from historical trends and patterns. The \"longue dur\u00e9e\" is part of a tripartite system that includes short-term \"\u00e9v\u00e9nements\" and medium-term conjunctures (periods of decades or centuries when more profound cultural changes such as the industrial revolution can take place). The approach, which incorporates social scientific methods such as the recently evolved field of economic history into general history, was pioneered by Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre in the Interwar period. The approach was carried on by Fernand Braudel, who published his views after becoming the editor of Annales in 1956. In the second part of the century, Braudel took stock of the current status of social studies in crisis, foundering under the weight of their own successes, in an article in 1958, \"Histoire et sciences sociales: La longue dur\u00e9e\". Among the works which Braudel remarked on as examples of the \"longue dur\u00e9e\" was Alphonse Dupront's study of the long-standing idea in Western Europe of a crusade, which extended across diverse European societies far beyond the last days of the actual crusades, and among spheres of thought with a long life he noted Aristotelian science.", "Co-founder Marc Bloch (1886\u20131944) was a quintessential modernist who studied at the elite \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, and in Germany, serving as a professor at the University of Strasbourg until he was called to the Sorbonne in Paris in 1936 as professor of economic history. Bloch's interests were highly interdisciplinary, influenced by the geography of Paul Vidal de la Blache (1845\u20131918) and the sociology of \u00c9mile Durkheim (1858\u20131917). His own ideas, especially those expressed in his masterworks, \"French Rural History\" (\"Les caract\u00e8res originaux de l'histoire rurale fran\u00e7aise,\" 1931) and \"Feudal Society\", were incorporated by the second-generation Annalistes, led by Fernand Braudel. Georges Duby, a leader of the school, wrote that the history he taught: The Annalistes, especially Lucien Febvre, advocated a \"histoire totale\", or \"histoire tout court\", a complete study of a historic problem. Bloch was shot by the Gestapo during the German occupation of France in World War II for his active membership of the French Resistance, and Febvre carried on the \"Annales\" approach in the 1940s and 1950s. It was during this time that he mentored Braudel, who would become one of the best-known exponents of this school. Braudel's work came to define a \"second\" era of \"Annales\" historiography and was very influential throughout the 1960s and 1970s, especially for his work on the Mediterranean region in the era of Philip II of Spain.", "A. G. Porta Antoni Garc\u00eda \" A. G.\" Porta (born 1954) is a Spanish novelist. Porta was born in Barcelona in 1954. His first published work a collaboration with Roberto Bola\u00f1o entitled \"Advice from a Morrison Disciple to a Joyce Fanatic\" (\"Consejos de un disc\u00edpulo de Morrison a un fan\u00e1tico de Joyce\") in 1984. It won the Premio \u00c1mbito Literario. This was also Bola\u00f1o's first published novel. Their collaboration would produce one more work before Porta abandoned literature for fifteen years to work a variety of jobs. In 1999, he published \"Braudel on Braudel\" (\"Braudel por Braudel\"), marking his work's return to publication. This was followed by \"The Weight of the Air\" (\"El peso del aire\") in 2001 and \"Singapore\" (\"Singapur\") in 2003. In 2006, Porta published \"The No World Concerto\" (\"Concierto del No Mundo\") which had won the Premio Caf\u00e9 Gij\u00f3n in 2005. In 2008 he published \"Geography of Time\" (\"Geograph\u00eda del tiempo\"). A fictionalized version of Porta appears in Bola\u00f1o's posthumously published work \"Woes of the True Policeman\". In Spanish Collaborations with Bola\u00f1o (Published together in a single volume by Acantilado in 2006) In English"], "answer": {"text": "it is the focus of Part 3 of The Mediterranean which treats of \"events, politics and people.\"", "answer_start": 1643}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is La Mediteranee?", "answer": {"text": "His first book,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the topic?", "answer": {"text": "Braudel looks at two or three centuries in order to spot a particular pattern, such as the rise and fall of various aristocracies.", "answer_start": 1282, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what time period was he studying?", "answer": {"text": "the Age of Philip II", "answer_start": 141, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what patterns did he discover?", "answer": {"text": "The first level of time, geographical time, is that of the environment, with its slow, almost imperceptible change, its repetition and cycles.", "answer_start": 839, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other levels did he study?", "answer": {"text": "The second level of time comprises long-term social, economic, and cultural history, where Braudel discusses the Mediterranean economy,", "answer_start": 1031, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c57956af6daa449ab6be73fcd5a4c85d_1_q#6", "question": "what major events or people were examined?", "rewrite": "what major events or people were examined by Braudel?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He argued that the history of Languedoc was marked by waves of growth and decline that in essence changed very little over the passage of time. Le Roy Ladurie acknowledged his debt to Braudel, who had argued that it was climate and geography that shaped the course of history, but felt that Braudel had gone too far in regarding these factors as causal agents in history. Instead, Le Roy Ladurie felt that culture and economics were just as important as the nature of the land and the weather. Influenced by the work of his mentor Fernand Braudel, Le Roy Ladurie set out to write a \"histoire totale\" (total history) of Languedoc from the 15th to the 18th centuries that would integrate political, cultural, economic, social history and environmental history. Le Roy Ladurie proposed that the determining feature of life in Languedoc was the culture of the people who lived there, arguing that the people of Languedoc could not break the cycles of advance and decline not so much because of technological factors, but because of the culture that prevented them from developing more progressive technology and farming practices. In \"Les paysans de Languedoc\", Le Roy Ladurie went against the prevailing Marxist view that dominated French historiography at the time that the history of early modern France from the 15th century to the 18th century was the ever-accelerating accumulation of property and wealthy by capitalists. Instead, Le Roy Ladurie contended that in Languedoc there had been cycles of economic advance and decline from the 15th to the 18th centuries.", "C. G. Seligman supported Mediterraneanist claims, stating \"it must , I think, be recognized that the Mediterranean race has actually more achievement to its credit than any other, since it is responsible for by far the greater part of Mediterranean civilization, certainly before 1000 B.C. (and probably much later), and so shaped not only the Aegean cultures, but those of Western as well as the greater part of Eastern Mediterranean lands, while the culture of their near relatives, the Hamitic pre-dynastic Egyptians, formed the basis of that of Egypt.\" French historian Fernand Braudel in the 1920s invoked the conception of the Mediterraneanism including claims of Mediterranean universalism to justify French colonialism in Algeria. Braudel had entered his doctrinal studies in the 1920s at the precise time when the issue of Mediterranean unity was being fiercely debated. Braudel supported the pro-unity argument. The argument for Mediterranean unity justified French colonialism in Algeria and viewed the Berbers in a place of privilege amongst the peoples of Africa, as retainers of the lost Roman legacy in Africa. It was claimed that if the Berbers could be culturally separated from the Arabo-Islamic surrounding culture, that the Berbers would become natural allies of the French through their Mediterranean heritage that would challenge anti-colonial sentiment. At first, Italian Fascism promoted a variant of Mediterraneanism that, like Sergi's strain of Mediterraneanism, held that Mediterranean people and cultures shared a common historical and cultural bond. Initially, this variant mostly avoided explicit racial connotations; its followers often rejected biological racism and instead stressed the importance of the cultural aspects rather than the racial aspects of the Mediterranean peoples.", "His first book, La Mediterranee et le Monde Mediterraneen a l'Epoque de Philippe II (1949) (The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II) was his most influential. For Braudel there is no single Mediterranean Sea. There are many seas--indeed a \"vast, complex expanse\" within which men operate. Life is conducted on the Mediterranean: people travel, fish, fight wars, and drown in its various contexts. And the sea articulates with the plains and islands. Life on the plains is diverse and complex; the poorer south is affected by religious diversity (Catholicism and Islam), as well as by intrusions - both cultural and economic - from the wealthier north. In other words, the Mediterranean cannot be understood independently from what is exterior to it. Any rigid adherence to boundaries falsifies the situation. The first level of time, geographical time, is that of the environment, with its slow, almost imperceptible change, its repetition and cycles. Such change may be slow, but it is irresistible. The second level of time comprises long-term social, economic, and cultural history, where Braudel discusses the Mediterranean economy, social groupings, empires and civilizations. Change at this level is much more rapid than that of the environment; Braudel looks at two or three centuries in order to spot a particular pattern, such as the rise and fall of various aristocracies. The third level of time is that of events (histoire evenementielle). This is the history of individuals with names. This, for Braudel, is the time of surfaces and deceptive effects. It is the time of the \"courte duree\" proper and it is the focus of Part 3 of The Mediterranean which treats of \"events, politics and people.\"", "In conclusion, Le Roy Ladurie argued that these economic changes together with the beginning of elementary schools in which the sons of farmers acquired some literacy, the decline of religious fanaticism and a \"a general improvement in behavior\" all come together to bring about the \"economic takeoff\" of the 18th century, when the cycles of decline and advance were finally broken. In Le Roy Ladurie's view, there were \"structures\" comprising long-term and slowly changing material and mental patterns which underlined the more dramatic and, in his opinion, less important \"\"conjoncture\"\" of trends and events, upon which historians have traditionally focused. Le Roy Ladurie wrote that what he was exploring in \"Les paysans de Languedoc\" was the relationship between the \"vie culturelle\" that was the \"superstructure\" of beliefs, politics and thought as it was changed slowly by the \"vie mat\u00e9rielle\" of the environment and geography that was the \"base\" on which the superstructure rested. Like Braudel, Le Roy Ladurie believes that it is the history of the \"structures\" that really mattered, but unlike Braudel, Le Roy Ladurie has expressed an interest in biography and the \"histoire \u00e9v\u00e9nementielle\" (history of events), which Braudel dismissed as irrelevant. However, Le Roy Ladurie stated that while studying \"histoire \u00e9v\u00e9nementielle\" is interesting, it is the \"structures\" of French society that explain the course of French history. Le Roy Ladurie's best-known work is \"Montaillou, village occitan de 1294 \u00e0 1324\" (1975), a study of the village of Montaillou in the region of Languedoc in the south of France during the age of the Cathar heresy. \"", "A. G. Porta Antoni Garc\u00eda \" A. G.\" Porta (born 1954) is a Spanish novelist. Porta was born in Barcelona in 1954. His first published work a collaboration with Roberto Bola\u00f1o entitled \"Advice from a Morrison Disciple to a Joyce Fanatic\" (\"Consejos de un disc\u00edpulo de Morrison a un fan\u00e1tico de Joyce\") in 1984. It won the Premio \u00c1mbito Literario. This was also Bola\u00f1o's first published novel. Their collaboration would produce one more work before Porta abandoned literature for fifteen years to work a variety of jobs. In 1999, he published \"Braudel on Braudel\" (\"Braudel por Braudel\"), marking his work's return to publication. This was followed by \"The Weight of the Air\" (\"El peso del aire\") in 2001 and \"Singapore\" (\"Singapur\") in 2003. In 2006, Porta published \"The No World Concerto\" (\"Concierto del No Mundo\") which had won the Premio Caf\u00e9 Gij\u00f3n in 2005. In 2008 he published \"Geography of Time\" (\"Geograph\u00eda del tiempo\"). A fictionalized version of Porta appears in Bola\u00f1o's posthumously published work \"Woes of the True Policeman\". In Spanish Collaborations with Bola\u00f1o (Published together in a single volume by Acantilado in 2006) In English"], "answer": {"text": "Braudel discusses the Mediterranean economy, social groupings, empires and civilizations.", "answer_start": 1122}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is La Mediteranee?", "answer": {"text": "His first book,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the topic?", "answer": {"text": "Braudel looks at two or three centuries in order to spot a particular pattern, such as the rise and fall of various aristocracies.", "answer_start": 1282, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what time period was he studying?", "answer": {"text": "the Age of Philip II", "answer_start": 141, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what patterns did he discover?", "answer": {"text": "The first level of time, geographical time, is that of the environment, with its slow, almost imperceptible change, its repetition and cycles.", "answer_start": 839, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other levels did he study?", "answer": {"text": "The second level of time comprises long-term social, economic, and cultural history, where Braudel discusses the Mediterranean economy,", "answer_start": 1031, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is there a third level of time?", "answer": {"text": "it is the focus of Part 3 of The Mediterranean which treats of \"events, politics and people.\"", "answer_start": 1643, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8e03f78f526d453b8d025e388ff5b13e_1_q#0", "question": "When was Periyar born?", "rewrite": "When was Periyar born?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cripps responded that secession would be possible only through a legislative resolution or through a general referendum. During this period, Periyar declined efforts in 1940 and in 1942 to bring Justice to power with Congress' support. Periyar withdrew the party from electoral politics and converted it into a social reform organisation. He explained, \"If we obtain social self-respect, political self-respect is bound to follow\". Periyar's influence pushed Justice into anto-Brahmin, anti-Hindu and atheistic stances. During 1942\u201344, Periyar's opposition to the Tamil devotional literary works \"Kamba Ramayanam\" and \"Periya Puranam\", caused a break with Saivite Tamil scholars, who had joined the anti-Hindi agitations. Justice had never possessed much popularity among students, but started making inroads with C. N. Annadurai's help. A group of leaders became uncomfortable with Periyar's leadership and policies and formed a rebel group that attempted to dethrone Periyar. This group included P. Balasubramanian (editor of \"The Sunday Observer\"), R. K. Shanmugam Chettiar, P. T. Rajan and A. P. Patro, C. L. Narasimha Mudaliar, Damodaran Naidu and K. C. Subramania Chettiar. A power struggle developed between the pro and anti-Periyar factions. On 27 December 1943, the rebel group convened the party's executive committee and criticised Periyar for not holding an annual meeting after 1940. To silence his critics Periyar decided to convene the confederation. On 27 August 1944, Justice's sixteenth annual confederation took place in Salem where the pro-Periyar faction won control.", "Periyar (river) Periyar (meaning: \"big river\") is the longest river and the river with the largest discharge potential in the Indian state of Kerala. It is one of the few perennial rivers in the region and provides drinking water for several major towns. The Periyar is of utmost significance to the economy of Kerala. It generates a significant proportion of Kerala's electrical power via the Idukki Dam and flows along a region of industrial and commercial activity. The river also provides water for irrigation and domestic use throughout its course besides supporting a rich fishery. Due to these reasons, the river has been named the \"Lifeline of Kerala\". Kochi city, in the vicinity of the river mouth draws its water supply from Aluva, an upstream site sufficiently free of seawater intrusion. Twenty five percent of Kerala's industries are along the banks of river Periyar. These are mostly crowded within a stretch of in the Eloor-Edayar region (Udhyogamandal), about north of Kochi harbor. The Periyar has a total length of approximately and a catchment area of , of which is in Kerala and is in Tamil Nadu. The source of the Periyar lies high in the Western Ghats. It is variously claimed to be located in Kerala and in the neighbouring state of Tamil Nadu. The state of Kerala has asserted during the hearings on the Mullaperiyar issue in the Supreme Court of India that the Periyar originates in Kerala, flows entirely through Kerala and joins the sea in the Kerala. This has also been admitted by the state of Tamil Nadu in the court. The source of the river lies in the remote forests of the Periyar Tiger Reserve. Various sources indicate the origin of the river to be Chokkampatti Mala, a peak on the southern boundary of the Periyar Tiger Reserve.", "Periyar Islathai Ettrara ? Ethirthara ? Periyar Islathai Ettrara ? Ethirthara ? () is a 2013 Tamil documentary film, directed by Sibi Chander and produced by Ibrahim Kasim and Sengis Khan under the banner of Islamic Dawah & Research Center. Documentary brings lesser known information about the social reformer and rationalist Periyar E. V. Ramasamy attraction towards Islam. Leading role in the documentary was Periyardasan himself. This documentary in which Abdullah Periyardhasan delivers his research details about Periyar E. V. Ramasamy\u2019s beliefs over the religion, Islam. The documentary unfolds based on the information taken from the collection of 20 volumes titled \u2018Periyar E Ve Ra Sindhanaigal\u2019 brought out by Anaimuthu in the year 2009. Periyar\u2019s inclination towards Islam, starting from 1923 to 1973 and his beliefs on Islam a way to eradicate social discrimination are brought out in the documentary. The documentary consists of many important events of Periyar\u2019s embrace of Islam. To a surprise, in 1923 when Periyar delivering a speech at Ernakulam and asked the socially downtrodden people who were attending the speech, to convert into Islam from the present religion, thousands of people converted very next moment. The sudden conversion, that gave immense strength to downtrodden, also brought violence. \u201cThough Periyar has changed his stand in various issues at times, he has supported the principles of Islam continuously for 50 years\u201d, says Periyardasan in this documentary. \u201cPeriyar opposed only the Gods created by man and not the God who created the mankind. In that way, he supported Islam, since, it is the religion that believes God created the man\u201d he adds.", "Periyar assumed that independent India would bring South Indians, especially Tamils, under the dominance of Brahmins and North Indians. For these reasons Periyar called for 15 August 1947, the day of Indian independence, to be a day of mourning. Periyar's chief lieutenant , Conjeevaram Natarajan Annadurai opposed this move and the schism between his supporters and Periyar widened. He saw the gaining of independence as an overall achievement of India rather than solely that of Aryan North. In 1949, Annadurai, established a separate association called the \"Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam\" (DMK), or Dravidian Advancement Association. This was due to the differences between the two, where Periyar advocated a separate independent Dravidian or Tamil state, while Annadurai compromised with the Delhi government combined with claims of increased state independence. Periyar was convinced that individuals and movements that undertake the task of eradicating the social evils in the Indian sub-continent have to pursue the goal with devotion and dedication without deviating from the path and with uncompromising zeal. Thus, if they contest elections aiming to assume political power, they would lose vigour and sense of purpose. But among his followers, there were those who had a different view, wanting to enter into politics and have a share in running the government. They were looking for an opportunity to part with Periyar. Thus, when Periyar married Maniammai on 9 July 1948, they quit the Dravidar Kazhagam, stating that Periyar set a bad example by marrying a young woman that too his foster child in his old age \u2013 he was 70 and she 30. Those who parted company with Periyar joined the DMK.", "There are alternate claims for a Tamil Nadu origin, indicating that the Periyar originates in the Sivagiri peaks of Sundaramala, Tamil Nadu. However, the Supreme Court of India in its judgement on the Mullaperiyar issue in 2014, made it clear that Tamil Nadu is not a riparian state of the river Periyar but the river itself is an inter-State river. In its early course, the river flows in a narrow north sloping valley starting from the Chokkampatti hills and extending north about , with a number of sharp lateral ridges running down to it from east and west. After flowing from its origin and on reaching Mount Plateau at its eastern end, it is joined by the west-flowing Mullayar\u2014an important tributary\u2014at Mullakudy. During this journey the Periyar traverses through the Periyar Tiger Reserve, flowing across or forming the boundaries between various sections of the reserve. Going downstream, it defines a part of the border between Periyar section of the reserve in the east and Sundaramala section in the west and then the borders between Moolavaigai and Thannikudy sections in the east and Ummikuppan, Mlappara and Aruvioda sections in the west before reaching the Periyar Lake. The Mullaperiyar dam is constructed at the confluence of the Periyar and Mullayar to create the Periyar Thekkady lake and reservoir, as well as the Periyar National Park. The area belonging to Tamil Nadu in the Periyar basin is located far down the river from the Mullaperiyar Dam site. This area is drained by the tributary Nirar, which is diverted to Tamil Nadu as a part of inter-state Parambikulam-Aliyar Project (PAP) agreement."], "answer": {"text": "born on 17 September 1879,", "answer_start": 27}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_8e03f78f526d453b8d025e388ff5b13e_1_q#1", "question": "What did Periyar do as a child?", "rewrite": "What did Periyar do as a child?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Periyar assumed that independent India would bring South Indians, especially Tamils, under the dominance of Brahmins and North Indians. For these reasons Periyar called for 15 August 1947, the day of Indian independence, to be a day of mourning. Periyar's chief lieutenant , Conjeevaram Natarajan Annadurai opposed this move and the schism between his supporters and Periyar widened. He saw the gaining of independence as an overall achievement of India rather than solely that of Aryan North. In 1949, Annadurai, established a separate association called the \"Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam\" (DMK), or Dravidian Advancement Association. This was due to the differences between the two, where Periyar advocated a separate independent Dravidian or Tamil state, while Annadurai compromised with the Delhi government combined with claims of increased state independence. Periyar was convinced that individuals and movements that undertake the task of eradicating the social evils in the Indian sub-continent have to pursue the goal with devotion and dedication without deviating from the path and with uncompromising zeal. Thus, if they contest elections aiming to assume political power, they would lose vigour and sense of purpose. But among his followers, there were those who had a different view, wanting to enter into politics and have a share in running the government. They were looking for an opportunity to part with Periyar. Thus, when Periyar married Maniammai on 9 July 1948, they quit the Dravidar Kazhagam, stating that Periyar set a bad example by marrying a young woman that too his foster child in his old age \u2013 he was 70 and she 30. Those who parted company with Periyar joined the DMK.", "Cripps responded that secession would be possible only through a legislative resolution or through a general referendum. During this period, Periyar declined efforts in 1940 and in 1942 to bring Justice to power with Congress' support. Periyar withdrew the party from electoral politics and converted it into a social reform organisation. He explained, \"If we obtain social self-respect, political self-respect is bound to follow\". Periyar's influence pushed Justice into anto-Brahmin, anti-Hindu and atheistic stances. During 1942\u201344, Periyar's opposition to the Tamil devotional literary works \"Kamba Ramayanam\" and \"Periya Puranam\", caused a break with Saivite Tamil scholars, who had joined the anti-Hindi agitations. Justice had never possessed much popularity among students, but started making inroads with C. N. Annadurai's help. A group of leaders became uncomfortable with Periyar's leadership and policies and formed a rebel group that attempted to dethrone Periyar. This group included P. Balasubramanian (editor of \"The Sunday Observer\"), R. K. Shanmugam Chettiar, P. T. Rajan and A. P. Patro, C. L. Narasimha Mudaliar, Damodaran Naidu and K. C. Subramania Chettiar. A power struggle developed between the pro and anti-Periyar factions. On 27 December 1943, the rebel group convened the party's executive committee and criticised Periyar for not holding an annual meeting after 1940. To silence his critics Periyar decided to convene the confederation. On 27 August 1944, Justice's sixteenth annual confederation took place in Salem where the pro-Periyar faction won control.", "Periyar Islathai Ettrara ? Ethirthara ? Periyar Islathai Ettrara ? Ethirthara ? () is a 2013 Tamil documentary film, directed by Sibi Chander and produced by Ibrahim Kasim and Sengis Khan under the banner of Islamic Dawah & Research Center. Documentary brings lesser known information about the social reformer and rationalist Periyar E. V. Ramasamy attraction towards Islam. Leading role in the documentary was Periyardasan himself. This documentary in which Abdullah Periyardhasan delivers his research details about Periyar E. V. Ramasamy\u2019s beliefs over the religion, Islam. The documentary unfolds based on the information taken from the collection of 20 volumes titled \u2018Periyar E Ve Ra Sindhanaigal\u2019 brought out by Anaimuthu in the year 2009. Periyar\u2019s inclination towards Islam, starting from 1923 to 1973 and his beliefs on Islam a way to eradicate social discrimination are brought out in the documentary. The documentary consists of many important events of Periyar\u2019s embrace of Islam. To a surprise, in 1923 when Periyar delivering a speech at Ernakulam and asked the socially downtrodden people who were attending the speech, to convert into Islam from the present religion, thousands of people converted very next moment. The sudden conversion, that gave immense strength to downtrodden, also brought violence. \u201cThough Periyar has changed his stand in various issues at times, he has supported the principles of Islam continuously for 50 years\u201d, says Periyardasan in this documentary. \u201cPeriyar opposed only the Gods created by man and not the God who created the mankind. In that way, he supported Islam, since, it is the religion that believes God created the man\u201d he adds.", "The scheme consists of the Periyar Barrage at Bhoothathankettu with a catchment area of along with a network of canals. Apart from irrigation on left bank of Periyar, the project also enables a supply of minimum quantity of water through the river to check the intrusion of salinity at lower reaches of the river as well as to meet the requirements of many lift irrigation schemes of river Periyar. Supply of water for drinking and industrial purposes are met by a portion of storage water by the barrage of Bhoothathankettu. Mullaperiyar dam was one of the earliest instances of inter-basin transfers in the peninsular India. While it met the demand for water on one hand, it led to the deterioration of water quality downstream of the river. Salinity intrusion and pollution dispersion problems arose in the lower reaches of the Periyar due to non-availability of sufficient quantity of water for flushing. Another inter-basin transfer from the Periyar to the Muvattupuzha river due to the Idukki project has further adversely affected the downstream flow in the Periyar river. The Parambikulam Aliyar Project (PAP) agreement was conceived to harness and share the waters in the inter-State rivers in Bharathappuzha, Chalakkudypuzha and Periyar basins. Nirar and Anamalayar, tributaries of Periyar are covered under this agreement. Water from these rivers are transferred to the adjacent Sholayar basin as part of the PAP agreement. Due to all the diversions in its basin, the Periyar has lost 22 per cent of its average flow.", "There are alternate claims for a Tamil Nadu origin, indicating that the Periyar originates in the Sivagiri peaks of Sundaramala, Tamil Nadu. However, the Supreme Court of India in its judgement on the Mullaperiyar issue in 2014, made it clear that Tamil Nadu is not a riparian state of the river Periyar but the river itself is an inter-State river. In its early course, the river flows in a narrow north sloping valley starting from the Chokkampatti hills and extending north about , with a number of sharp lateral ridges running down to it from east and west. After flowing from its origin and on reaching Mount Plateau at its eastern end, it is joined by the west-flowing Mullayar\u2014an important tributary\u2014at Mullakudy. During this journey the Periyar traverses through the Periyar Tiger Reserve, flowing across or forming the boundaries between various sections of the reserve. Going downstream, it defines a part of the border between Periyar section of the reserve in the east and Sundaramala section in the west and then the borders between Moolavaigai and Thannikudy sections in the east and Ummikuppan, Mlappara and Aruvioda sections in the west before reaching the Periyar Lake. The Mullaperiyar dam is constructed at the confluence of the Periyar and Mullayar to create the Periyar Thekkady lake and reservoir, as well as the Periyar National Park. The area belonging to Tamil Nadu in the Periyar basin is located far down the river from the Mullaperiyar Dam site. This area is drained by the tributary Nirar, which is diverted to Tamil Nadu as a part of inter-state Parambikulam-Aliyar Project (PAP) agreement."], "answer": {"text": "he joined his father's trade at the age of 12.", "answer_start": 1046}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Periyar born?", "answer": {"text": "born on 17 September 1879,", "answer_start": 27, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8e03f78f526d453b8d025e388ff5b13e_1_q#3", "question": "What was Periyar's hobbies as a child?", "rewrite": "What was Periyar's hobbies as a child?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["There are alternate claims for a Tamil Nadu origin, indicating that the Periyar originates in the Sivagiri peaks of Sundaramala, Tamil Nadu. However, the Supreme Court of India in its judgement on the Mullaperiyar issue in 2014, made it clear that Tamil Nadu is not a riparian state of the river Periyar but the river itself is an inter-State river. In its early course, the river flows in a narrow north sloping valley starting from the Chokkampatti hills and extending north about , with a number of sharp lateral ridges running down to it from east and west. After flowing from its origin and on reaching Mount Plateau at its eastern end, it is joined by the west-flowing Mullayar\u2014an important tributary\u2014at Mullakudy. During this journey the Periyar traverses through the Periyar Tiger Reserve, flowing across or forming the boundaries between various sections of the reserve. Going downstream, it defines a part of the border between Periyar section of the reserve in the east and Sundaramala section in the west and then the borders between Moolavaigai and Thannikudy sections in the east and Ummikuppan, Mlappara and Aruvioda sections in the west before reaching the Periyar Lake. The Mullaperiyar dam is constructed at the confluence of the Periyar and Mullayar to create the Periyar Thekkady lake and reservoir, as well as the Periyar National Park. The area belonging to Tamil Nadu in the Periyar basin is located far down the river from the Mullaperiyar Dam site. This area is drained by the tributary Nirar, which is diverted to Tamil Nadu as a part of inter-state Parambikulam-Aliyar Project (PAP) agreement.", "Periyar Islathai Ettrara ? Ethirthara ? Periyar Islathai Ettrara ? Ethirthara ? () is a 2013 Tamil documentary film, directed by Sibi Chander and produced by Ibrahim Kasim and Sengis Khan under the banner of Islamic Dawah & Research Center. Documentary brings lesser known information about the social reformer and rationalist Periyar E. V. Ramasamy attraction towards Islam. Leading role in the documentary was Periyardasan himself. This documentary in which Abdullah Periyardhasan delivers his research details about Periyar E. V. Ramasamy\u2019s beliefs over the religion, Islam. The documentary unfolds based on the information taken from the collection of 20 volumes titled \u2018Periyar E Ve Ra Sindhanaigal\u2019 brought out by Anaimuthu in the year 2009. Periyar\u2019s inclination towards Islam, starting from 1923 to 1973 and his beliefs on Islam a way to eradicate social discrimination are brought out in the documentary. The documentary consists of many important events of Periyar\u2019s embrace of Islam. To a surprise, in 1923 when Periyar delivering a speech at Ernakulam and asked the socially downtrodden people who were attending the speech, to convert into Islam from the present religion, thousands of people converted very next moment. The sudden conversion, that gave immense strength to downtrodden, also brought violence. \u201cThough Periyar has changed his stand in various issues at times, he has supported the principles of Islam continuously for 50 years\u201d, says Periyardasan in this documentary. \u201cPeriyar opposed only the Gods created by man and not the God who created the mankind. In that way, he supported Islam, since, it is the religion that believes God created the man\u201d he adds.", "The scheme consists of the Periyar Barrage at Bhoothathankettu with a catchment area of along with a network of canals. Apart from irrigation on left bank of Periyar, the project also enables a supply of minimum quantity of water through the river to check the intrusion of salinity at lower reaches of the river as well as to meet the requirements of many lift irrigation schemes of river Periyar. Supply of water for drinking and industrial purposes are met by a portion of storage water by the barrage of Bhoothathankettu. Mullaperiyar dam was one of the earliest instances of inter-basin transfers in the peninsular India. While it met the demand for water on one hand, it led to the deterioration of water quality downstream of the river. Salinity intrusion and pollution dispersion problems arose in the lower reaches of the Periyar due to non-availability of sufficient quantity of water for flushing. Another inter-basin transfer from the Periyar to the Muvattupuzha river due to the Idukki project has further adversely affected the downstream flow in the Periyar river. The Parambikulam Aliyar Project (PAP) agreement was conceived to harness and share the waters in the inter-State rivers in Bharathappuzha, Chalakkudypuzha and Periyar basins. Nirar and Anamalayar, tributaries of Periyar are covered under this agreement. Water from these rivers are transferred to the adjacent Sholayar basin as part of the PAP agreement. Due to all the diversions in its basin, the Periyar has lost 22 per cent of its average flow.", "Cripps responded that secession would be possible only through a legislative resolution or through a general referendum. During this period, Periyar declined efforts in 1940 and in 1942 to bring Justice to power with Congress' support. Periyar withdrew the party from electoral politics and converted it into a social reform organisation. He explained, \"If we obtain social self-respect, political self-respect is bound to follow\". Periyar's influence pushed Justice into anto-Brahmin, anti-Hindu and atheistic stances. During 1942\u201344, Periyar's opposition to the Tamil devotional literary works \"Kamba Ramayanam\" and \"Periya Puranam\", caused a break with Saivite Tamil scholars, who had joined the anti-Hindi agitations. Justice had never possessed much popularity among students, but started making inroads with C. N. Annadurai's help. A group of leaders became uncomfortable with Periyar's leadership and policies and formed a rebel group that attempted to dethrone Periyar. This group included P. Balasubramanian (editor of \"The Sunday Observer\"), R. K. Shanmugam Chettiar, P. T. Rajan and A. P. Patro, C. L. Narasimha Mudaliar, Damodaran Naidu and K. C. Subramania Chettiar. A power struggle developed between the pro and anti-Periyar factions. On 27 December 1943, the rebel group convened the party's executive committee and criticised Periyar for not holding an annual meeting after 1940. To silence his critics Periyar decided to convene the confederation. On 27 August 1944, Justice's sixteenth annual confederation took place in Salem where the pro-Periyar faction won control.", "Periyar assumed that independent India would bring South Indians, especially Tamils, under the dominance of Brahmins and North Indians. For these reasons Periyar called for 15 August 1947, the day of Indian independence, to be a day of mourning. Periyar's chief lieutenant , Conjeevaram Natarajan Annadurai opposed this move and the schism between his supporters and Periyar widened. He saw the gaining of independence as an overall achievement of India rather than solely that of Aryan North. In 1949, Annadurai, established a separate association called the \"Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam\" (DMK), or Dravidian Advancement Association. This was due to the differences between the two, where Periyar advocated a separate independent Dravidian or Tamil state, while Annadurai compromised with the Delhi government combined with claims of increased state independence. Periyar was convinced that individuals and movements that undertake the task of eradicating the social evils in the Indian sub-continent have to pursue the goal with devotion and dedication without deviating from the path and with uncompromising zeal. Thus, if they contest elections aiming to assume political power, they would lose vigour and sense of purpose. But among his followers, there were those who had a different view, wanting to enter into politics and have a share in running the government. They were looking for an opportunity to part with Periyar. Thus, when Periyar married Maniammai on 9 July 1948, they quit the Dravidar Kazhagam, stating that Periyar set a bad example by marrying a young woman that too his foster child in his old age \u2013 he was 70 and she 30. Those who parted company with Periyar joined the DMK."], "answer": {"text": "He used to listen to Tamil Vaishnavite gurus", "answer_start": 1093}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Periyar born?", "answer": {"text": "born on 17 September 1879,", "answer_start": 27, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Periyar do as a child?", "answer": {"text": "he joined his father's trade at the age of 12.", "answer_start": 1046, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do at his father's trade?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8e03f78f526d453b8d025e388ff5b13e_1_q#4", "question": "What were the gurus like?", "rewrite": "What were the gurus like?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Uma Rama Rao K. Uma Rama Rao ( born Uma Maheshwari on 4 July 1938 - 27 August 2016) was an Indian Kuchipudi dancer, choreographer, research scholar, author and dance teacher. She was also the Founder & Director of Lasya Priya Dance Academy, established in 1985 in Hyderabad, India. In 2003, she was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for proficiency in Kuchipudi by India's National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama. She is a recipient of the National Senior Fellowship bestowed by the Department of Culture, Government Of India through the Sangeet Natak Akademi. She was born on 4 July 1938 as \"Uma Maheswari\" to Dr. V. V.Krishna Rao and Sowbhagyam in a 'Vaddadi' family from Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh. Encouraged by her family, that has a background of distinguished scholars with a keen interest in literature, music and dance, she started training in dance from the age of 5 years from gurus like Acharya P.V. Narasimha Rao, Padmasri Dr. Nataraja Rama Krishna, Brahmasri Vedantam Lakshmi Narayana Sastri, Guru Pakkiriswami Pillai and Guru C.R .Acharya in Kuchipudi, Bharata Natyam and Ritual Dance traditions. She became proficient in theoretical and practical aspects of these ancient traditional art forms. In her early years, along with her sister Sumathy Kaushal, she performed on various occasions in several places under the personal guidance of her gurus. During this period 1953 and 55, she passed examinations in Classical Music and Dance, conducted by the then Madras Government. Later with the blessings of her guru mainly, Dr. Nataraja Rama Krishna.", "This concept can be seen in the successful Michelle Phan, who is a beauty guru on YouTube. Michelle Phan has a record of revealing intimate facts about her life through interviews, blogs, and YouTube videos. On her website michellephan.com, she has created an \"about me\" section to further her self-branding in efforts to give a brief introduction about herself and her passion for beauty related topics, tips, and advice. She states, \"I'm passionate about being a makeup artist and teaching others how to look and feel fabulous in their own skin\". She also claims to help women raise their self-esteem and confidence levels. This is all done through \"a safe space where makeup enthusiasts, fashion lovers, trendsetters, and beauty aficionados alike, can find inspiration, how-to advice, style news, easy DIY ideas, and tips\". YouTube gurus like Michelle Phan carry an image and a created identity. In an interview with fashionista.com, Michelle Phan stated that success in the blogging and video industry has to do with sending a message, vision, and brand identity. She has said to be cautious of what she is affiliated with, as it can affect the relationship she has formed with her followers. Through presenting an identity through her YouTube channel, she and other YouTube gurus alike have launched their own products. For instance, Michelle Phan has created a line of cosmetics that include eye shadows, lipsticks, eyeliners, foundation, contour sticks, concealer, and other forms of makeup that are related to the content she chooses to upload on her personal YouTube channel. Michelle Phan's ability to self-brand through media such as YouTube gives her a competitive advantage. YouTube reports that \"more than 1 billion unique users visit YouTube each month\".", "Many of the Brahmin scholars in the 15th century accompanied the religious gurus like Shri Shankaracharya and Shri Vallabhacharya during their religious India tours or pilgrimages to North India. When these people came in contact with the erstwhile princely courts, the kings came to know of their high scholarship. They were honourably offered state positions of \u2018court poets\u2019 or gurus. Many of them stayed back and migrated to the northern states of India. Some scholars were also picked up and offered respectable positions when they went to study at places like Kashi. In due course of time, they adopted Hindi or other North Indian languages as their mother-tongue. Ancestors of Kavikalanidhi Shrikrishna Bhatt were from Devalpalli or Devarkonda in Andhra Pradesh. A scholar from the family by the name Baviji Dixit had come to North India with the family of Shri Vallabhacharya in the 15th century. He studied at Kashi and Prayag which were known for their educational excellence and religious importance. His children too studied there. In the 15th-16th century, these educational cities were under the governance of the then princely state of Rewa in Madhya Pradesh, with Prayag sharing latter's boundary. Impressed by the high level of scholarship of Baviji Dixit's great grandson Mandal Dixit, King Gopal Singh brought him to Rewa as his Guru and awarded him the estate (village) by the name \u2018Divrikhiya\u2019. The name of the village or original place of residence is traditionally prefixed with the first name in Andhra. \u2018Devarshi\u2019 became the family title (\u2018Avatank\u2019)", "Throughout his lifetime he wore Khadhi cloth and followed Gandhiji. He weathered difficult times, but eventually built Sadanam as a renowned institution. Kumaran died in 2005. Sadanam has a tradition of inviting the greatest of gurus of Kathakali and Rasa Abhinaya as its trainers. The stalwarts of yesteryear include Guru Kunchu Kurup for Kathakali and Kutiyattam maestro Natyacharya Mani Madhava Chakyar for Rasaabhinaya and Netraabhinaya (both Padma Shri awardees). Sadanam has had several prominent exponents in its faculty, the longest-serving among them includes the late Keezhpadam Kumaran Nair. The students have earlier also had training under veteran gurus like the late Thekkinkattil Ramunni Nair, Padma Bhushan Kalamandalam Ramankutty Nair, the late Kalamandalam Padmanabhan Nair and Kottakkal Krishnankutty Nair, besides late masters like Kadathanattu Govindan Nambisan, Kalamandalam Neelakantan Nambisan, Kalamandalam Unnikrishna Kurup, Kalamandalam Krishnankutty Poduval, Kalamandalam Chandra Mannadiyar, Tirur Nambissan and Kalamandalam Appukutty Poduval. Currently, Kumaran's son and versatile artiste Sadanam K. Harikumaran is the principal of Sadanam. Kathakali master Narippatta Narayanan Namboodiri is its director. Kalanilayam Balakrishnan, Paara Narayanan Namboodiri and Kalamandalam Satheesan are among the senior instructors.", "Haribhau Jawale Haribhau Madhav Jawale (born 1 June 1953) is an India politician, Agriculturist, Silent, Experienced, Visionary but low profile leader of Bharatiya Janata Party political party. He hails from Jalgaon district in the Khandesh region of Maharashtra state. He is the promoter of the \"Mega Recharge Scheme : Asia's largest groundwater artificial recharge project \" Haribhau Jawale is a silent and low profile leader who has won the elections in very critical conditions with record break victory. Haribhau also ideated the project of rejuvenation of 14 rivers in YawAl & Raver ( Dist Jalgaon) Maharashtra through community participation .He then devoted this project to all the spiritual Gurus and started working as A volunteer. The blessings of all Spiritual Gurus like a Mahamandaleshwar Janardan Maharaj,Vakaranacharya Shastri Bhakti Prakash Das ji,Shastri Bhakti Kishordas ji ,Aacharya Chaitanya Maharaj,Aacharya Manekar baba,Aacharya Dhanraj Maharaj and all other Sant /Mahants and spirit of community has helped this movement to be become one of the largest water percolation & conservation apolitical movement in Maharashtra.. \u0939\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u090a \u0939\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091a\u0947 ,\u0936\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0906\u0923\u093f \u0938\u093f\u0902\u091a\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0920\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u093f\u0930\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0932\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u093e\u0908\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0906\u0939\u0947\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0915\u093e\u092f \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u093e \u0906\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0924\u0940\u0932 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u094b\u0920\u093e \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e"], "answer": {"text": "gave discourses in his house enjoying his father's hospitality.", "answer_start": 1142}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Periyar born?", "answer": {"text": "born on 17 September 1879,", "answer_start": 27, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Periyar do as a child?", "answer": {"text": "he joined his father's trade at the age of 12.", "answer_start": 1046, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do at his father's trade?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Periyar's hobbies as a child?", "answer": {"text": "He used to listen to Tamil Vaishnavite gurus", "answer_start": 1093, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8e03f78f526d453b8d025e388ff5b13e_1_q#5", "question": "what was Periyar's father like", "rewrite": "what was Periyar's father like", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["There are alternate claims for a Tamil Nadu origin, indicating that the Periyar originates in the Sivagiri peaks of Sundaramala, Tamil Nadu. However, the Supreme Court of India in its judgement on the Mullaperiyar issue in 2014, made it clear that Tamil Nadu is not a riparian state of the river Periyar but the river itself is an inter-State river. In its early course, the river flows in a narrow north sloping valley starting from the Chokkampatti hills and extending north about , with a number of sharp lateral ridges running down to it from east and west. After flowing from its origin and on reaching Mount Plateau at its eastern end, it is joined by the west-flowing Mullayar\u2014an important tributary\u2014at Mullakudy. During this journey the Periyar traverses through the Periyar Tiger Reserve, flowing across or forming the boundaries between various sections of the reserve. Going downstream, it defines a part of the border between Periyar section of the reserve in the east and Sundaramala section in the west and then the borders between Moolavaigai and Thannikudy sections in the east and Ummikuppan, Mlappara and Aruvioda sections in the west before reaching the Periyar Lake. The Mullaperiyar dam is constructed at the confluence of the Periyar and Mullayar to create the Periyar Thekkady lake and reservoir, as well as the Periyar National Park. The area belonging to Tamil Nadu in the Periyar basin is located far down the river from the Mullaperiyar Dam site. This area is drained by the tributary Nirar, which is diverted to Tamil Nadu as a part of inter-state Parambikulam-Aliyar Project (PAP) agreement.", "Periyar assumed that independent India would bring South Indians, especially Tamils, under the dominance of Brahmins and North Indians. For these reasons Periyar called for 15 August 1947, the day of Indian independence, to be a day of mourning. Periyar's chief lieutenant , Conjeevaram Natarajan Annadurai opposed this move and the schism between his supporters and Periyar widened. He saw the gaining of independence as an overall achievement of India rather than solely that of Aryan North. In 1949, Annadurai, established a separate association called the \"Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam\" (DMK), or Dravidian Advancement Association. This was due to the differences between the two, where Periyar advocated a separate independent Dravidian or Tamil state, while Annadurai compromised with the Delhi government combined with claims of increased state independence. Periyar was convinced that individuals and movements that undertake the task of eradicating the social evils in the Indian sub-continent have to pursue the goal with devotion and dedication without deviating from the path and with uncompromising zeal. Thus, if they contest elections aiming to assume political power, they would lose vigour and sense of purpose. But among his followers, there were those who had a different view, wanting to enter into politics and have a share in running the government. They were looking for an opportunity to part with Periyar. Thus, when Periyar married Maniammai on 9 July 1948, they quit the Dravidar Kazhagam, stating that Periyar set a bad example by marrying a young woman that too his foster child in his old age \u2013 he was 70 and she 30. Those who parted company with Periyar joined the DMK.", "Periyar Islathai Ettrara ? Ethirthara ? Periyar Islathai Ettrara ? Ethirthara ? () is a 2013 Tamil documentary film, directed by Sibi Chander and produced by Ibrahim Kasim and Sengis Khan under the banner of Islamic Dawah & Research Center. Documentary brings lesser known information about the social reformer and rationalist Periyar E. V. Ramasamy attraction towards Islam. Leading role in the documentary was Periyardasan himself. This documentary in which Abdullah Periyardhasan delivers his research details about Periyar E. V. Ramasamy\u2019s beliefs over the religion, Islam. The documentary unfolds based on the information taken from the collection of 20 volumes titled \u2018Periyar E Ve Ra Sindhanaigal\u2019 brought out by Anaimuthu in the year 2009. Periyar\u2019s inclination towards Islam, starting from 1923 to 1973 and his beliefs on Islam a way to eradicate social discrimination are brought out in the documentary. The documentary consists of many important events of Periyar\u2019s embrace of Islam. To a surprise, in 1923 when Periyar delivering a speech at Ernakulam and asked the socially downtrodden people who were attending the speech, to convert into Islam from the present religion, thousands of people converted very next moment. The sudden conversion, that gave immense strength to downtrodden, also brought violence. \u201cThough Periyar has changed his stand in various issues at times, he has supported the principles of Islam continuously for 50 years\u201d, says Periyardasan in this documentary. \u201cPeriyar opposed only the Gods created by man and not the God who created the mankind. In that way, he supported Islam, since, it is the religion that believes God created the man\u201d he adds.", "Cripps responded that secession would be possible only through a legislative resolution or through a general referendum. During this period, Periyar declined efforts in 1940 and in 1942 to bring Justice to power with Congress' support. Periyar withdrew the party from electoral politics and converted it into a social reform organisation. He explained, \"If we obtain social self-respect, political self-respect is bound to follow\". Periyar's influence pushed Justice into anto-Brahmin, anti-Hindu and atheistic stances. During 1942\u201344, Periyar's opposition to the Tamil devotional literary works \"Kamba Ramayanam\" and \"Periya Puranam\", caused a break with Saivite Tamil scholars, who had joined the anti-Hindi agitations. Justice had never possessed much popularity among students, but started making inroads with C. N. Annadurai's help. A group of leaders became uncomfortable with Periyar's leadership and policies and formed a rebel group that attempted to dethrone Periyar. This group included P. Balasubramanian (editor of \"The Sunday Observer\"), R. K. Shanmugam Chettiar, P. T. Rajan and A. P. Patro, C. L. Narasimha Mudaliar, Damodaran Naidu and K. C. Subramania Chettiar. A power struggle developed between the pro and anti-Periyar factions. On 27 December 1943, the rebel group convened the party's executive committee and criticised Periyar for not holding an annual meeting after 1940. To silence his critics Periyar decided to convene the confederation. On 27 August 1944, Justice's sixteenth annual confederation took place in Salem where the pro-Periyar faction won control.", "The western edge of Panniyar and Muthirapuzha Basins form the eastern border of this section. The Parvathimudi-Umayamala ridge forms the northeastern corner of the Lower Periyar Valleys. Towards north, the Lower Periyar Valleys and the Periyar Basin extend up to the Idamala gorge cut by Periyar\u2019s northernmost tributary \u2013 Idamalayar. The basin is bounded in the north by the ridge separating Sholayar from the Idamala River. This ridge is a spur hill extending from near Valaparai in Tamil Nadu, projecting far west into Kerala. The Idamala gorge separates the Sholayar forests in the Nelliyampathies towards the north from the southern Anamudi Reserved Forest and High Range Plateau. The area belonging to Tamil Nadu in the Periyar basin is situated here. This area forms the north-eastern corner of the Periyar basin. It is drained by the tributary Nirar, which runs in a South Westerly Direction and falls into Idamalayar. Within this section there are a series of deep west-sloping valleys where the valley floors are often at elevations less than . Separating these valleys are a jumble of steep hills and flat topped plateaux with scarp faces rearing up to elevations of around . The Idamala and Pooyamkutty rivers drain most of this section while its southern edge drains into the main Periyar. This tract is almost entirely forested and the forests extend northwest between Periyar and Chalakudy rivers along the plains almost up to Kalady. To the west of the Lower Periyar Valleys are the midlands, which are characterized by undulating topography with small hills separated by valleys. The general gradient is towards the west here. The lowlands occur as a narrow belt almost parallel to the present shoreline."], "answer": {"text": "a rich Balija businessman,", "answer_start": 153}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Periyar born?", "answer": {"text": "born on 17 September 1879,", "answer_start": 27, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Periyar do as a child?", "answer": {"text": "he joined his father's trade at the age of 12.", "answer_start": 1046, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do at his father's trade?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Periyar's hobbies as a child?", "answer": {"text": "He used to listen to Tamil Vaishnavite gurus", "answer_start": 1093, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the gurus like?", "answer": {"text": "gave discourses in his house enjoying his father's hospitality.", "answer_start": 1142, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8e03f78f526d453b8d025e388ff5b13e_1_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Periyar early childhood are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Periyar (river) Periyar (meaning: \"big river\") is the longest river and the river with the largest discharge potential in the Indian state of Kerala. It is one of the few perennial rivers in the region and provides drinking water for several major towns. The Periyar is of utmost significance to the economy of Kerala. It generates a significant proportion of Kerala's electrical power via the Idukki Dam and flows along a region of industrial and commercial activity. The river also provides water for irrigation and domestic use throughout its course besides supporting a rich fishery. Due to these reasons, the river has been named the \"Lifeline of Kerala\". Kochi city, in the vicinity of the river mouth draws its water supply from Aluva, an upstream site sufficiently free of seawater intrusion. Twenty five percent of Kerala's industries are along the banks of river Periyar. These are mostly crowded within a stretch of in the Eloor-Edayar region (Udhyogamandal), about north of Kochi harbor. The Periyar has a total length of approximately and a catchment area of , of which is in Kerala and is in Tamil Nadu. The source of the Periyar lies high in the Western Ghats. It is variously claimed to be located in Kerala and in the neighbouring state of Tamil Nadu. The state of Kerala has asserted during the hearings on the Mullaperiyar issue in the Supreme Court of India that the Periyar originates in Kerala, flows entirely through Kerala and joins the sea in the Kerala. This has also been admitted by the state of Tamil Nadu in the court. The source of the river lies in the remote forests of the Periyar Tiger Reserve. Various sources indicate the origin of the river to be Chokkampatti Mala, a peak on the southern boundary of the Periyar Tiger Reserve.", "J\u00fcri Randviir J\u00fcri Randviir (27 May 1927, Tallinn \u2013 8 August 1996, Tallinn) was an Estonian chess player and journalist, who four times won the Estonian Chess Championship. J\u00fcri Randviir learned to play chess at age ten in Tartu, where he spent his school years. After World War II he was one of the leading chess players in Estonia. In Estonian Chess Championships he has won 4 gold (1947, 1949, 1950, 1954), silver (1957) and 2 bronze (1948, 1955) medals. In 1955 he was second in the traditional National Tournament in P\u00e4rnu (won Paul Keres) and became a Soviet Master. Five times J\u00fcri Randviir played for Estonia in Soviet Team Chess Championships (1953-1960). Made a great contribution to the popularization of chess in Estonia. As a freelance journalist worked with major Estonian newspapers and made radio and television programs about chess. Author of 11 chess books, including books about seven international tournaments in Tallinn (1975-1987). J\u00fcri Randviir was also a composer of almost 1000 chess problems and study. Since 1956 J\u00fcri Randviir has given a large number of simultaneous exhibitions in which played approximately 2756 games (+2327 -131 =298).", "Early Childhood Australia Early Childhood Australia is the peak early childhood advocacy organisation in Australia, acting in the interests of young children, their families and those in the early childhood education and care field. Early Childhood Australia advocates to ensure quality, social justice and equity in all issues relating to the education and care of children aged birth to eight years. Early Childhood Australia's vision: every young child is thriving and learning. Early Childhood Australia has been a voice for young children since 1938 and in 2018 celebrated 80 years serving the early childhood sector. It began as the Australian Pre-School Association, renamed to the Australian Early Childhood Association and renamed again in 2003 to Early Childhood Australia. Early Childhood Australia comprises branches in each state and territory in Australia. Early Childhood Australia members are representatives of the state and territory branches. The national organisation of Early Childhood Australia is governed by a National Council and a National Board of Directors. The work of the organisation is supported by the National Office. Early Childhood Australia is a non-profit organisation which is supported by its membership base. The organisation identifies its branches as an integral part of the organisation; that help them identify issues and priorities for state and national action, and influence position statements concerning young children. It is through the branches that Early Childhood Australia members interact for networking opportunities and to provide each other professional support. Branches also elect members to represent them at a national level, ensuring that the organisation stays informed on issues of national importance. This provides members with the opportunity to inform and influence the direction and focus of the national body of Early Childhood Australia. Each of the branches publishes a regular member newsletter focusing on local initiatives, as well as issues of national importance. Australian Capital Territory Branch New South Wales Branch Northern Territory Branch Queensland Branch South Australia Branch Tasmania Branch Victoria Branch Western Australia Branch A code of ethics is a set of statements about appropriate and expected behaviour of members of a professional group and, as such, reflects its values.", "There are alternate claims for a Tamil Nadu origin, indicating that the Periyar originates in the Sivagiri peaks of Sundaramala, Tamil Nadu. However, the Supreme Court of India in its judgement on the Mullaperiyar issue in 2014, made it clear that Tamil Nadu is not a riparian state of the river Periyar but the river itself is an inter-State river. In its early course, the river flows in a narrow north sloping valley starting from the Chokkampatti hills and extending north about , with a number of sharp lateral ridges running down to it from east and west. After flowing from its origin and on reaching Mount Plateau at its eastern end, it is joined by the west-flowing Mullayar\u2014an important tributary\u2014at Mullakudy. During this journey the Periyar traverses through the Periyar Tiger Reserve, flowing across or forming the boundaries between various sections of the reserve. Going downstream, it defines a part of the border between Periyar section of the reserve in the east and Sundaramala section in the west and then the borders between Moolavaigai and Thannikudy sections in the east and Ummikuppan, Mlappara and Aruvioda sections in the west before reaching the Periyar Lake. The Mullaperiyar dam is constructed at the confluence of the Periyar and Mullayar to create the Periyar Thekkady lake and reservoir, as well as the Periyar National Park. The area belonging to Tamil Nadu in the Periyar basin is located far down the river from the Mullaperiyar Dam site. This area is drained by the tributary Nirar, which is diverted to Tamil Nadu as a part of inter-state Parambikulam-Aliyar Project (PAP) agreement.", "\"Teaching Young Children\" is a magazine specifically designed for preschool teachers. It highlights current thinking on best practices in early childhood education, innovations in the field, research and its implications, and interesting ideas for and from preschool teachers. The articles and other features reinforce the accreditation criteria for the NAEYC Early Childhood Program Standards on Relationships and Teaching and encourage effective teaching in the preschool years. Early Childhood Research Quarterly \" Early Childhood Research Quarterly\" is a research journal that is published four times a year, and contains current research in early childhood. In addition to these periodicals, NAEYC produces formal position statements from time to time to \"state the Association's position on issues related to early childhood education practice, policy, and/or professional development for which there are controversial or critical opinions. \" These position statements are typically produced by NAEYC to include in-depth discussion of specific issues such as Early Learning Standards, Teacher Certification or Media Violence. In a few instances, NAEYC has issued position statements jointly with other authorities. A recent example is the 2012 position statement titled \"Technology and Interactive Media as Tools in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8\", produced jointly with the Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning and Children's Media at Saint Vincent College. Caring for Children in Low-Income Families: A Substudy of the National Child Care Survey, 1990 \"Caring for Children in Low-Income Families\" is a study that NAEYC conducted with The Urban Institute in 1990 on affordable child care facilities for low- income families. This book explores multiple different aspects of the lives of low-income children and day care. The study also examines aspects of the family lives. For example, whether a home has a single parent, two parents, unemployed parents, or other odd family situations and how that effects the children and their abilities to receive proper education."], "answer": {"text": "In 1929, E.V. Ramasamy announced the deletion of his caste title Naicker from his name", "answer_start": 774}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Periyar born?", "answer": {"text": "born on 17 September 1879,", "answer_start": 27, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Periyar do as a child?", "answer": {"text": "he joined his father's trade at the age of 12.", "answer_start": 1046, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do at his father's trade?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Periyar's hobbies as a child?", "answer": {"text": "He used to listen to Tamil Vaishnavite gurus", "answer_start": 1093, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the gurus like?", "answer": {"text": "gave discourses in his house enjoying his father's hospitality.", "answer_start": 1142, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was Periyar's father like", "answer": {"text": "a rich Balija businessman,", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b5abd21a281e4ee38146567e0fb6800c_1_q#0", "question": "What was Formation", "rewrite": "What was Formation", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Remains of Triceratops and other dinosaurs are found in the Late Cretaceous portion, especially the Horseshoe Canyon Formation and the lower part of the Scollard Formation. Molluscs such as Ostrea and Unio are found in both portions. The Edmonton Group is disconformably overlain by the Paskapoo Formation and conformably overlies the Bearpaw Formation or, where the Bearpaw is absent, the Belly River Formation. The Edmonton Group grades into the sequence of the Blood Reserve Formation, St. Mary River Formation and Willow Creek Formation in the southern Alberta plains; into the upper part of the Wapiti Group in the northern Alberta and northeastern British Columbia; and into the upper part of the Brazeau Formation and the Coalspur Formation in the foothills of the Canadian Rockies. It is equivalent to, but not contiguous with, the Eastend Formation, Whitemud Formation, Battle Formation and Frenchman Formation in the Cypress Hills of southeastern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan; and with the Fox Hills Formation in Saskatchewan. Formations that are stratigraphically equivalent in the western United States are the Horsethief Formation in Montana; the Fox Hills Formation and Lace Formation in Montana; and the Lennup Formation and Muteetse Formation in Wyoming. The formations of the Edmonton Group are:", "Landen Formation The Landen Formation (abbreviation: LA) is a lithostratigraphic unit (a set of rock strata) in the subsurface of the Netherlands. This formation shares its name with the Belgian Landen Group, but the Belgian unit is thinner and has different definitions. The Landen Formation consists of shallow marine and lagoonal sediments (mostly clay, sandy clay and marl) from the late Paleocene to early Eocene (between 58 and 54 million years old). Dutch stratigraphers see the Landen Formation as part of the Lower North Sea Group. The Landen Formation can be maximally 150 meters in thickness. It is subdivided into five only regionally recognized members: Some of the sandy layers can have been made into sandstone by diagenetic processes. The whole formation is interpreted as one megacycle: the lower parts (Swalmen and Orp) represent a marine transgression, while the upper parts (Reusel and Liessel) represent a regression. The Dutch Landen Formation is not totally equal with the Belgian Landen Group. In Belgium, the Orp and Gelinden Members are seen as one separate formation, the Heers Formation. The Dutch Landen Formation correlates with the Belgian Heers Formation, Hannut Formation, Tienen Formation and parts of the Opglabbeek Formation. The Landen Formation lies normally on top of a nonconformity with the Dutch Chalk Group, which is usually represented by the early Paleocene Houthem Formation. In most places the early Eocene Dongen Formation is found on top of the Landen Formation.", "The Mauch Chunk Formation contains outcrops of reddish rock. This formation is softer than many of the nearby rock formations. This formation makes up Sugarloaf Mountain and most of the Nescopeck Creek watershed. The Llewellyn Formation contains more coal than any other formation in the Nescopeck Creek watershed. This formation is thick and is composed of brownish-gray sandstone, siltstone, and shale. Buck Mountain, Mammoth Mountain, and Gamma Mountain are all carved out of the Llewellyn Formation and contain coal seams. The formation was once extensive but has been worn down by erosion over millions of years. The Pottsville Formation also contains a large number of aquifers. This formation is thick, and is composed of gray conglomerate and sandstone. While there is no anthracite in the Pottsville Formation, it does contain three-foot seams of other varieties of coal. Groundwater from this formation is acidic and high in manganese and iron. The Pottsville Formation makes up the valleys directly surrounding Nescopeck Creek. The Pocono Formation consists of conglomerate and sandstone and surrounds the Pottsville Formation. The rock formations are typically more varied in the northern and western part of the watershed than the southern part. There are also several less significant rock formations in Nescopeck Creek's watershed. These include the Spechty Kopf Formation, the Hamilton Formation, and the Catskill Formation. Little is understood about the Spechty Kopf Formation, but it occurs between the Catskill and Pocono Formations. The Catskill Formation is grayish-red shale, siltstone, and sandstone. A total of of material have eroded into Nescopeck Creek. Black Creek has the most erosion for an individual stream in the Nescopeck Creek watershed, with of erosion.", "Besa River Formation The Besa River Formation is a stratigraphical unit of Devonian age in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. It takes the name from Besa River, a tributary of the Prophet River, and was first described in outcrop near the Muskwa River, in the Muskwa Ranges by F.A. Kidd in 1963. The Besa River Formation is composed primarily of dark shale. Sandstone, bedded chert or limestone beds can occur at the top of the formation. The shale is slightly calcareous or siliceous and contains sponge spicules and radiolarians. The Besa River Formation reaches a maximum thickness of in the foothills . The lower Besa River Formation is faulted and folded in the Northern Rockies. It occurs in the sub-surface in east-central British Columbia, in the folded Rocky Mountain Thrust Belt and southern Mackenzie Fold Belt. The Besa River Formation is conformably overlain by the Prophet Formation or Banff Formation in its eastern extent, while to the west it is overlain by the Mattson Formation and Stoddart Group, and abruptly overlays the Dunedin Formation in the west of its extent in British Columbia, and the Slave Point Formation in the east. In the Northwest Territories, it rests on the Nahanni Formation in the east and the Road River Formation in the west. Towards the south-west,it passes laterally into the Fort Simpson Formation and Exshaw Formation. To the south, it passes into the Dunedin Formation, Horn River Formation and Exshaw Formation. To the east it transforms into the calcareous Rundle Group and Stoddart Group. It is stratigraphically equivalent with the Fort Simpson Formation, as well as the Canol Formation and Earn Group.", "Voort Formation The Voort Formation or Voort Member ( or ; abbreviation in Belgium: Vo or in the Netherlands: VEVO) is a stratigraphic unit in the subsurface of north Belgium and the south of the Netherlands. The unit has the status of a formation in Belgium but is seen as a member of the Veldhoven Formation in the Netherlands. The Voort Formation consists of shallow marine sands with a late Oligocene age (Chattian stage, about 25 million years old). In Belgian lithostratigraphy the Voort Formation is part of the Rupel Group, though other formations in this group are slightly older (of the early Oligocene Rupelian stage). In the Netherlands the Voort Member is part of the Veldhoven Formation. In Belgium, a clayey subunit is treated as a member of the Voort Formation (Veldhoven Member). In Dutch lithostratigraphy, this unit is classified as another member of the Veldhoven Formation and called the Wintelre Member. In Belgium the Voort Formation is stratigraphically below the early Miocene marine Berchem Formation (in Antwerpen) or Bolderberg Formation (in Limburg). In the Netherlands it is below the early Miocene Breda Formation. In Belgium the Voort Formation is on top of the older formations of the Rupel Group (Boom Formation or Eigenbilzen Formation), in the Netherlands the Voort Member is on top of the Rupel Formation. The Voort Formation consists of a 60 meters thick layer of greyish to greenish micaceous and glauconiferous fine sand. This is alternated by greenish sandy clay. crags or pyrite rich clay layers can occur locally. In the Roer Valley Graben the formation can be up to 300 meter in thickness."], "answer": {"text": "When L.A. Guns needed a new vocalist, Stradlin suggested Hollywood Rose singer Axl Rose.", "answer_start": 91}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b5abd21a281e4ee38146567e0fb6800c_1_q#1", "question": "What happen in 1985", "rewrite": "What happen in 1985", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Accidents Will Happen \"Accidents Will Happen\" is a song written by Elvis Costello. It first appeared on the 1979 album \"Armed Forces\", which he recorded with The Attractions. The song was written by Costello on tour in Phoenix and originally featured a piano-centered arrangement. The song was a moderate hit in the UK when released as the second single from \"Armed Forces\", reaching the Top 30. It was accompanied by an animated music video that has since received acclaim. The song has been praised by critics. The origins of \"Accidents Will Happen\" dated back to 1978, when Elvis Costello wrote the song in Phoenix, Arizona during a tour. The earliest rendition was debuted at Hollywood High School on June 4, 1978, where Costello was accompanied only by Attractions member Steve Nieve on piano. In his memoir, \"Unfaithful Music & Disappearing Ink\", Costello wrote that the song is \"about a straying lover struggling to tell the truth and face the consequences.\" \"Accidents Will Happen\" was released as the second single from the \"Armed Forces\" album. It reached number 28 on the UK Singles Chart in June 1979. In reference to the song title, the cover of the single was printed inside-out, and the run-out groove on side A reads \"Porky Prime Cuts Will Happen\" (referring to the trademark signature of cutting engineer George Peckham). The record had two B-sides; \"Talking in the Dark\" and \"Wednesday Week\". The accompanying music video, by Annabel Jankel and Rocky Morton, was one of the 35 videos selected for the Museum of Modern Art's \"Golden Oldies of Music Video\" exhibition in 2003. \"Accidents Will Happen\" has received critical acclaim as one of the highlights of \"Armed Forces\" and as one of Costello's greatest songs.", "Following the parental interview, the children were interviewed and shown a list of events that happened to them and events that did not happen to them. The events that did actually happen to them were quite salient and the events that did not happen to them were very specific. Of the events that did not happen to the children, one of them described the child getting his or her hand caught in a mousetrap and then going to the hospital to get it removed. The other one entailed going on a hot air balloon ride. The children were asked to decide which events actually happened to them and which ones did not. These interviews with the children happened on about seven or eight occasions, each spaced out by approximately a week. The spacing of the interviews is important, as the researchers used timing as a variable that affects source monitoring. At the final interview, a novel interviewer that the children had not met before asked them to elaborate as much as they could about all of the events, both real and imagined. A new interviewer was used so that the answers the children gave were neutral and not influenced by previous interviewers in any way. They were also asked to rate their confidence level for every detail given about each event. Ceci et al. (1994) hypothesized that the children would confirm the events that did happen and deny the false events that did not happen. However, this was not the case in their findings; both groups of young children had fallen victim to false memories. When analyzing the results for the two different age groups, the effect of age becomes even more apparent. The children from the 3- and 4-year-old group confirmed false events almost twice as often as the 5- and 6-year-old children.", "To make the script more marketable, the American fascists were re-cast as man-eating extraterrestrials, taking the story into the realm of science fiction. The revised story became the miniseries \"V\", which premiered May 3, 1983. Since its publication, \"It Can't Happen Here\" has been seen as a cautionary tale, starting with the 1936 presidential election and potential candidate Huey Long. In retrospect, FDR's internment of Japanese Americans during World War II has been used as an example of \"It can happen here\". Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention released their first album \"Freak Out!\" in 1966 with the song, \"It Can't Happen Here\". In May 1973, in the middle of Nixon's Watergate scandal, Knight Newspapers published an ad in their own and other publications, headlined \"It Can't Happen Here\" and emphasizing the importance of free press. \u201cThere is a struggle going on in this country. It is not just a fight by reporters and editors to protect their sources. It is a fight to protect the public's right to know... It can't happen here as long as the press remains an open conduit through which public information flows. \" Herbert Mitgang in his op-ed piece said \"The headline of this ad is the title of a novel that keeps insinuating itself these days, not because of its literary qualities but because of its prescience.\" And that Lewis' point was \"that home\u2010grown hypocrisy leads to a nice brand of home\u2010grown authoritarianism.\" Joe Conason's non-fiction book \" It Can Happen Here: Authoritarian Peril in the Age of Bush\" (2007) frequently quotes Lewis' book in relation to the presidency of George W. Bush.", "Let It Happen (song) \"Let It Happen\" is a song by the Australian rock band Tame Impala, released as the lead single from their third studio album \"Currents\" on 11 March 2015. The song centers on accepting personal transition, and was worked on in various locations around the world. The song runs at nearly eight minutes long, and its second half contains a section of the song repeating akin to a scratched Compact Disc, and stripped-down lyrics consisting of gibberish. It also has vocoded-like vocals in the second half, which were actually manipulated with a keyboard sampler. The song received acclaim from music critics. It peaked at number 29 on the Belgian Flanders singles chart, number 84 on the ARIA Singles Chart and number 152 on the French Singles Chart. In the United States, the song charted at number 28 on \"Billboard\" Adult Alternative Songs chart. \" Let It Happen\" appeared on many critics' year-end lists of the best songs of 2015. A music video for the song was uploaded on 17 August 2015 to the group's Vevo channel on YouTube. \"Let It Happen\" is about \"finding yourself always in this world of chaos and all this stuff going on around you and always shutting it out because you don't want to be part of it. But at some point, you realize it takes more energy to shut it out than it does to let it happen and be a part of 'it'. \" The theme of \"Currents\" is personal transition, and \"Let It Happen\" was sequenced as the album's opening song to exemplify acceptance. Parker detailed the song's globetrotting development in an interview with \"Under the Radar\" in 2015: \"Let It Happen\" is a psychedelic pop, disco and synth-pop song. At one point, the song begins to skip, reminiscent of a skipping compact disc.", "The Worst That Could Happen \"Worst That Could Happen\" is a song with lyrics and music written by singer-songwriter Jimmy Webb. Originally recorded by the 5th Dimension on their 1967 album of nearly all-Jimmy Webb songs, \"The Magic Garden\", \"Worst That Could Happen\" was later recorded by Johnny Maestro & the Brooklyn Bridge and reached the \"Billboard\" Hot 100's top 40 (at #38) on January 4, 1969, peaking at #3 on February 1-8, 1969. The song depicts a man wishing well to a woman with whom he is still in love, but because the man was unwilling to settle down, she left him and is about to marry someone else who is more stable; the singer accepts the marriage but still feels that it is \"the worst (thing) that could happen to (him). \" It has been stated that, along with \"MacArthur Park\" and \"By the Time I Get to Phoenix\", \"Worst That Could Happen\" is about a relationship that Webb had had with a woman named Susan. The song is noted for the quoting of Mendelssohn's \"Wedding March\" from the incidental music to \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", which is heard at the song's end, which in the Brooklyn Bridge version, is played by a handful of trumpets, while in the Fifth Dimension version, is played by an electric organ. According to BMI (Broadcast Music Inc.) the legal title of the song is \"Worst That Could Happen.\" The song appeared on the list of songs deemed inappropriate by Clear Channel following the September 11, 2001, attacks, specifically listing the Johnny Maestro & the Brooklyn Bridge version, but not the 5th Dimension version, despite their note-for-note similarity."], "answer": {"text": "Guns N' Roses was formed in March 1985", "answer_start": 180}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Formation", "answer": {"text": "When L.A. Guns needed a new vocalist, Stradlin suggested Hollywood Rose singer Axl Rose.", "answer_start": 91, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b5abd21a281e4ee38146567e0fb6800c_1_q#2", "question": "What was they known for", "rewrite": "What was Guns N' Roses known for", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Guns N' Roses/Metallica Stadium Tour The Guns N' Roses/Metallica Stadium Tour was a co-headlining concert tour by American rock bands Guns N' Roses and Metallica during 1992. It took place in the middle of Guns N' Roses' \"Use Your Illusion Tour,\" promoting their \"Use Your Illusion I\" & \"II\" albums, and between Metallica's \"Wherever We May Roam Tour\" and \"Nowhere Else to Roam,\" promoting their eponymous fifth album \"Metallica\". The tour's opening act was Faith No More. Axl Rose had wanted Seattle rock band Nirvana to be the opening act, but frontman Kurt Cobain refused. \"When you have to get Guns N' Roses and Metallica on the same tour to sell tickets,\" Ronnie James Dio told WERS' \"Nasty Habits\" show, \"it shows everyone that you have to put real big packaging together to make a difference.\" On May 12, 1992, Metallica's drummer, Lars Ulrich, and Guns N' Roses' lead guitarist, Slash, held a press conference at the Gaslight in Los Angeles, California, to announce that both Metallica and Guns N' Roses would tour together that summer, starting in Washington, D.C. at RFK Stadium on July 17, 1992, where Metallica's opening song \"Creeping Death\" was recorded for their documentary \"A Year and a Half in the Life of Metallica\". On July 21, 1992, when Guns N' Roses was performing at the Pontiac Silverdome in Pontiac, Michigan, when the band was done performing their song \"You Could Be Mine\", Axl Rose vomited onstage and left soon afterwards, but returned to the stage and apologized to the audience for the poor performance, so the band redid the song again.", "Shadow of Your Love (Guns N' Roses song) \"Shadow of Your Love\" is a song by the American rock band Guns N' Roses (formely known as Hollywood Rose at the time of recording), released as a single in 2018. The song entered at 31 on the Mainstream Rock chart in its May 12 edition., peaking at as of June 19. \"Shadow of Your Love\" was written by Axl Rose and Izzy Stradlin from Hollywood Rose with help from Rose's friend Paul Tobias (Tobias later was a member of Guns N' Roses from 1994 until 2002). Rose mentioned being inspired by Thin Lizzy in writing the lyrics, and wrote the song in 'about 7 minutes'. The song was first recorded by Hollywood Rose, with a recording later being released on \"The Roots of Guns N' Roses\" album, which was recorded with original Guns N' Roses lead guitarist Tracii Guns. Steven Adler explained the background of the song: \"The first song we played in rehearsal was 'Shadow of Your Love,' and Axl showed up late. We were playing the song, and right in the middle of the song Axl showed up and he grabbed the microphone and was running up and down the walls screaming. I thought, 'This is the greatest thing ever.' We knew right then what we had.\" In 1998, former Hollywood Rose guitarist Chris Weber sued Rose over songwriting credits, claiming he co-wrote \"Shadow of Your Love\" (and \"Back Off Bitch\" from \"Use Your Illusion I\"). The first Guns N' Roses version appeared as a B-side on the \"It's So Easy/Mr. Brownstone\" single in 1987, as a \"faux-live\" version of the song, with overdubbed crowd noise on the studio version.", "List of awards and nominations received by Guns N' Roses Guns N' Roses are an American hard rock band formed 1985 in Los Angeles, California. They are led by frontman and co-founder Axl Rose, and also include Slash (lead guitar), Dizzy Reed (keyboards), Duff McKagan (bass), Melissa Reese (keyboards), Richard Fortus (guitar), & Frank Ferrer (drums). Guns N' Roses have released six studio albums, all on the Geffen Records label: \"Appetite for Destruction\" (1987), \"G N' R Lies\" (1988), \" Use Your Illusion I\" (1991), \"Use Your Illusion II\" (1991), \"\"The Spaghetti Incident?\" \" (1993), and \"Chinese Democracy\" (2008). Guns N' Roses have sold more than 45 million albums in the United States. The band have won four American Music Awards, including Favorite Pop/Rock Single for \"Sweet Child o' Mine\" in 1989, both Favorite Heavy Metal/Hard Rock Artist and Favorite Heavy Metal/Hard Rock Album for \"Appetite For Destruction\" in 1990, and Favorite Heavy Metal/Hard Rock Artist for the second time in 1992. Guns N' Roses have received three Grammy Awards nominations, but has yet to win. The band was nominated for Best Hard Rock Performance three times, in 1990, 1992, and 1993. Overall, Guns N' Roses has received 14 awards from 37 nominations. The American Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony created by Dick Clark in 1973. Guns N' Roses have received four awards from eight nominations. The BRIT Awards are the British Phonographic Industry's annual pop music awards. Guns N' Roses have received four nominations. The Billboard Music Award is an honor given by \"Billboard\", a publication and music popularity chart covering the music business.", "Del James Adalberto James Miranda (born February 5, 1964 in New Rochelle, New York), known professionally as Del James, is an American musician, writer, journalist and artist best known for writing the short story that reportedly inspired the \"November Rain\" video by hard rock band Guns N' Roses. He is a close friend to Axl Rose and is the road manager for Guns N' Roses. Del James was raised in Mamaroneck, New York. He moved to Hollywood, California, in 1985. During his first weekend in Hollywood, Del met West Arkeen and the members of an unsigned group called Guns N' Roses. Del still works with Axl Rose and the current lineup of Guns N' Roses, serving as road manager. As a journalist, he was a Senior Editor for \"RIP\", a heavy metal magazine and his work has appeared in many publications including \"Rolling Stone\". Nominated for a \"Maggy Award\", Del has interviewed Keith Richards, Alice Cooper, Ronnie Wood, Kiss, The Cult, Guns N' Roses, and countless others. Del also released a collection of short horror stories entitled \"The Language of Fear\" in 1995 on Dell/Abyss Books and reissued a decade later. The collection features an introduction by Axl Rose and the short story \" Without You\", said to be the inspiration for the Guns N' Roses video \"November Rain\". Del has directed music videos for bands like Guns N' Roses and Soul. He has co-written songs with groups such as Testament, (\"So Many Lies\", \"Return to Serenity\", \"The Ritual\",", "The Roots of Guns N' Roses The Roots of Guns N' Roses is a compilation album containing old songs of Hollywood Rose. It was released on June 22, 2004, by Deadline Music (Cleopatra Records). The album was produced by Chris Weber, the band's ex-guitarist. Cleopatra records bought the five tracks from Weber, who originally paid for the recordings in 1984. It contains three sets of five demos: the first five are original versions, the following five have been remixed by former-Guns N' Roses guitarist Gilby Clarke, and the last five have been remixed by Fred Coury, the drummer of Cinderella, who took part in a tour with Guns N' Roses when Steven Adler broke his wrist. \"Shadow of Your Love\" and \"Reckless Life\" were recorded with the first guitarist of Guns N' Roses, Tracii Guns. The songs \" Anything Goes\" and \"Reckless Life\" were later recorded again by Guns N' Roses. They were released on the albums \"Appetite for Destruction\" and \"G N' R Lies\", respectively. Slash, Duff McKagan and Steven Adler, together with Axl Rose, Chris Weber and Izzy Stradlin, were credited as the composers of \"Anything Goes\", \"Shadow of Your Love\" and \"Reckless Life\". These songs were originally performed by Hollywood Rose and were only later played by Guns N' Roses. In fact, when Rose, Weber and Stradlin composed these songs, they were not yet in touch with Slash, McKagan or Adler. On January 18, 2005, the Japanese version was released by Sony, together with a bonus DVD."], "answer": {"text": "Through the band's increasing presence on the Hollywood club scene - playing famed bars such as The Troubadour and The Roxy", "answer_start": 240}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Formation", "answer": {"text": "When L.A. Guns needed a new vocalist, Stradlin suggested Hollywood Rose singer Axl Rose.", "answer_start": 91, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happen in 1985", "answer": {"text": "Guns N' Roses was formed in March 1985", "answer_start": 180, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b5abd21a281e4ee38146567e0fb6800c_1_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Guns N' Roses increasing presence on the Hollywood club scene are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The so-called \"Hell Tour\" settled the band's first stable lineup, with McKagan later commenting, \"This trip had set a new benchmark for what we were capable of, what we could and would put ourselves through to achieve our goals as a band.\" Through the band's increasing presence on the Hollywood club scene - playing famed bars such as The Troubadour and The Roxy - Guns N' Roses drew the attention of major record labels. The group signed with Geffen Records in March 1986, receiving a $75,000 advance. They had turned down an offer from Chrysalis Records that was nearly double Geffen's, due to Chrysalis wanting to change the band's image and sound and Geffen offering full artistic freedom. In December of that year, the group released the four-song EP Live ?! *@ Like a Suicide, designed to keep interest in the band alive while the group withdrew from the club scene to work in the studio. The EP release was designed to sooth over the label, who felt the band didn't have enough songs to record an album. The EP contained covers of Rose Tattoo's \"Nice Boys\" and Aerosmith's \"Mama Kin\", along with two original compositions: the punk-influenced \"Reckless Life\" and the classic rock-inspired \"Move to the City.\" Although billed as a live recording, the four songs were taken from the band's demo tapes and overdubbed with crowd noise. Live ?! *@ Like a Suicide was released on the Geffen subsidiary Uzi Suicide, with production limited to 10,000 vinyl copies.", "Shadow of Your Love (Guns N' Roses song) \"Shadow of Your Love\" is a song by the American rock band Guns N' Roses (formely known as Hollywood Rose at the time of recording), released as a single in 2018. The song entered at 31 on the Mainstream Rock chart in its May 12 edition., peaking at as of June 19. \"Shadow of Your Love\" was written by Axl Rose and Izzy Stradlin from Hollywood Rose with help from Rose's friend Paul Tobias (Tobias later was a member of Guns N' Roses from 1994 until 2002). Rose mentioned being inspired by Thin Lizzy in writing the lyrics, and wrote the song in 'about 7 minutes'. The song was first recorded by Hollywood Rose, with a recording later being released on \"The Roots of Guns N' Roses\" album, which was recorded with original Guns N' Roses lead guitarist Tracii Guns. Steven Adler explained the background of the song: \"The first song we played in rehearsal was 'Shadow of Your Love,' and Axl showed up late. We were playing the song, and right in the middle of the song Axl showed up and he grabbed the microphone and was running up and down the walls screaming. I thought, 'This is the greatest thing ever.' We knew right then what we had.\" In 1998, former Hollywood Rose guitarist Chris Weber sued Rose over songwriting credits, claiming he co-wrote \"Shadow of Your Love\" (and \"Back Off Bitch\" from \"Use Your Illusion I\"). The first Guns N' Roses version appeared as a B-side on the \"It's So Easy/Mr. Brownstone\" single in 1987, as a \"faux-live\" version of the song, with overdubbed crowd noise on the studio version.", "List of awards and nominations received by Guns N' Roses Guns N' Roses are an American hard rock band formed 1985 in Los Angeles, California. They are led by frontman and co-founder Axl Rose, and also include Slash (lead guitar), Dizzy Reed (keyboards), Duff McKagan (bass), Melissa Reese (keyboards), Richard Fortus (guitar), & Frank Ferrer (drums). Guns N' Roses have released six studio albums, all on the Geffen Records label: \"Appetite for Destruction\" (1987), \"G N' R Lies\" (1988), \" Use Your Illusion I\" (1991), \"Use Your Illusion II\" (1991), \"\"The Spaghetti Incident?\" \" (1993), and \"Chinese Democracy\" (2008). Guns N' Roses have sold more than 45 million albums in the United States. The band have won four American Music Awards, including Favorite Pop/Rock Single for \"Sweet Child o' Mine\" in 1989, both Favorite Heavy Metal/Hard Rock Artist and Favorite Heavy Metal/Hard Rock Album for \"Appetite For Destruction\" in 1990, and Favorite Heavy Metal/Hard Rock Artist for the second time in 1992. Guns N' Roses have received three Grammy Awards nominations, but has yet to win. The band was nominated for Best Hard Rock Performance three times, in 1990, 1992, and 1993. Overall, Guns N' Roses has received 14 awards from 37 nominations. The American Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony created by Dick Clark in 1973. Guns N' Roses have received four awards from eight nominations. The BRIT Awards are the British Phonographic Industry's annual pop music awards. Guns N' Roses have received four nominations. The Billboard Music Award is an honor given by \"Billboard\", a publication and music popularity chart covering the music business.", "The Roots of Guns N' Roses The Roots of Guns N' Roses is a compilation album containing old songs of Hollywood Rose. It was released on June 22, 2004, by Deadline Music (Cleopatra Records). The album was produced by Chris Weber, the band's ex-guitarist. Cleopatra records bought the five tracks from Weber, who originally paid for the recordings in 1984. It contains three sets of five demos: the first five are original versions, the following five have been remixed by former-Guns N' Roses guitarist Gilby Clarke, and the last five have been remixed by Fred Coury, the drummer of Cinderella, who took part in a tour with Guns N' Roses when Steven Adler broke his wrist. \"Shadow of Your Love\" and \"Reckless Life\" were recorded with the first guitarist of Guns N' Roses, Tracii Guns. The songs \" Anything Goes\" and \"Reckless Life\" were later recorded again by Guns N' Roses. They were released on the albums \"Appetite for Destruction\" and \"G N' R Lies\", respectively. Slash, Duff McKagan and Steven Adler, together with Axl Rose, Chris Weber and Izzy Stradlin, were credited as the composers of \"Anything Goes\", \"Shadow of Your Love\" and \"Reckless Life\". These songs were originally performed by Hollywood Rose and were only later played by Guns N' Roses. In fact, when Rose, Weber and Stradlin composed these songs, they were not yet in touch with Slash, McKagan or Adler. On January 18, 2005, the Japanese version was released by Sony, together with a bonus DVD.", "Del James Adalberto James Miranda (born February 5, 1964 in New Rochelle, New York), known professionally as Del James, is an American musician, writer, journalist and artist best known for writing the short story that reportedly inspired the \"November Rain\" video by hard rock band Guns N' Roses. He is a close friend to Axl Rose and is the road manager for Guns N' Roses. Del James was raised in Mamaroneck, New York. He moved to Hollywood, California, in 1985. During his first weekend in Hollywood, Del met West Arkeen and the members of an unsigned group called Guns N' Roses. Del still works with Axl Rose and the current lineup of Guns N' Roses, serving as road manager. As a journalist, he was a Senior Editor for \"RIP\", a heavy metal magazine and his work has appeared in many publications including \"Rolling Stone\". Nominated for a \"Maggy Award\", Del has interviewed Keith Richards, Alice Cooper, Ronnie Wood, Kiss, The Cult, Guns N' Roses, and countless others. Del also released a collection of short horror stories entitled \"The Language of Fear\" in 1995 on Dell/Abyss Books and reissued a decade later. The collection features an introduction by Axl Rose and the short story \" Without You\", said to be the inspiration for the Guns N' Roses video \"November Rain\". Del has directed music videos for bands like Guns N' Roses and Soul. He has co-written songs with groups such as Testament, (\"So Many Lies\", \"Return to Serenity\", \"The Ritual\","], "answer": {"text": "The band's \"classic\" lineup was finalized on June 4, 1985 when Adler and Slash officially joined.", "answer_start": 931}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Formation", "answer": {"text": "When L.A. Guns needed a new vocalist, Stradlin suggested Hollywood Rose singer Axl Rose.", "answer_start": 91, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happen in 1985", "answer": {"text": "Guns N' Roses was formed in March 1985", "answer_start": 180, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was they known for", "answer": {"text": "Through the band's increasing presence on the Hollywood club scene - playing famed bars such as The Troubadour and The Roxy", "answer_start": 240, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b5abd21a281e4ee38146567e0fb6800c_1_q#4", "question": "What happen in 1986", "rewrite": "What happen in 1986", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Anything Could Happen \"Anything Could Happen\" is a song by English singer and songwriter Ellie Goulding from her second studio album, \"Halcyon\" (2012). It was released on 17 August 2012 as the album's lead single. Written and produced by Goulding and Jim Eliot of English electropop duo Kish Mauve, the song received positive reviews from music critics. Commercially, \"Anything Could Happen\" peaked at number five on the UK Singles Chart, while charting inside the top five in Poland and the top 20 in Australia, Czech Republic, Ireland and New Zealand. In the United States, the track peaked at number 47 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and topped the Hot Dance Club Songs chart. The accompanying music video was directed by Floria Sigismondi and filmed in Malibu, California. The video depicts Goulding and her on-screen boyfriend getting into a car accident. \"Anything Could Happen\" was used in the Beats by Dre's #ShowYourColor campaign commercial and in the trailer for the second season of the HBO series \"Girls\". The song has been covered by The Script, Fun and Fifth Harmony. Goulding appeared on Fearne Cotton's BBC Radio 1 show on 9 August 2012 for the premiere of the song. She told Cotton, \"I've been with this song a long time and I've had to listen to it a lot to get it just how I wanted it.\" During a behind-the-scenes featurette for the \"Anything Could Happen\" music video, Goulding told MTV News, \"I suppose it's one of those songs where I sort of talk about bits of my childhood, but also about my friendship with this person, and, um, I suppose it's a song of realization [...] And it's called 'Anything Could Happen,'", "Accidents Will Happen \"Accidents Will Happen\" is a song written by Elvis Costello. It first appeared on the 1979 album \"Armed Forces\", which he recorded with The Attractions. The song was written by Costello on tour in Phoenix and originally featured a piano-centered arrangement. The song was a moderate hit in the UK when released as the second single from \"Armed Forces\", reaching the Top 30. It was accompanied by an animated music video that has since received acclaim. The song has been praised by critics. The origins of \"Accidents Will Happen\" dated back to 1978, when Elvis Costello wrote the song in Phoenix, Arizona during a tour. The earliest rendition was debuted at Hollywood High School on June 4, 1978, where Costello was accompanied only by Attractions member Steve Nieve on piano. In his memoir, \"Unfaithful Music & Disappearing Ink\", Costello wrote that the song is \"about a straying lover struggling to tell the truth and face the consequences.\" \"Accidents Will Happen\" was released as the second single from the \"Armed Forces\" album. It reached number 28 on the UK Singles Chart in June 1979. In reference to the song title, the cover of the single was printed inside-out, and the run-out groove on side A reads \"Porky Prime Cuts Will Happen\" (referring to the trademark signature of cutting engineer George Peckham). The record had two B-sides; \"Talking in the Dark\" and \"Wednesday Week\". The accompanying music video, by Annabel Jankel and Rocky Morton, was one of the 35 videos selected for the Museum of Modern Art's \"Golden Oldies of Music Video\" exhibition in 2003. \"Accidents Will Happen\" has received critical acclaim as one of the highlights of \"Armed Forces\" and as one of Costello's greatest songs.", "The Worst That Could Happen \"Worst That Could Happen\" is a song with lyrics and music written by singer-songwriter Jimmy Webb. Originally recorded by the 5th Dimension on their 1967 album of nearly all-Jimmy Webb songs, \"The Magic Garden\", \"Worst That Could Happen\" was later recorded by Johnny Maestro & the Brooklyn Bridge and reached the \"Billboard\" Hot 100's top 40 (at #38) on January 4, 1969, peaking at #3 on February 1-8, 1969. The song depicts a man wishing well to a woman with whom he is still in love, but because the man was unwilling to settle down, she left him and is about to marry someone else who is more stable; the singer accepts the marriage but still feels that it is \"the worst (thing) that could happen to (him). \" It has been stated that, along with \"MacArthur Park\" and \"By the Time I Get to Phoenix\", \"Worst That Could Happen\" is about a relationship that Webb had had with a woman named Susan. The song is noted for the quoting of Mendelssohn's \"Wedding March\" from the incidental music to \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", which is heard at the song's end, which in the Brooklyn Bridge version, is played by a handful of trumpets, while in the Fifth Dimension version, is played by an electric organ. According to BMI (Broadcast Music Inc.) the legal title of the song is \"Worst That Could Happen.\" The song appeared on the list of songs deemed inappropriate by Clear Channel following the September 11, 2001, attacks, specifically listing the Johnny Maestro & the Brooklyn Bridge version, but not the 5th Dimension version, despite their note-for-note similarity.", "Let It Happen (song) \"Let It Happen\" is a song by the Australian rock band Tame Impala, released as the lead single from their third studio album \"Currents\" on 11 March 2015. The song centers on accepting personal transition, and was worked on in various locations around the world. The song runs at nearly eight minutes long, and its second half contains a section of the song repeating akin to a scratched Compact Disc, and stripped-down lyrics consisting of gibberish. It also has vocoded-like vocals in the second half, which were actually manipulated with a keyboard sampler. The song received acclaim from music critics. It peaked at number 29 on the Belgian Flanders singles chart, number 84 on the ARIA Singles Chart and number 152 on the French Singles Chart. In the United States, the song charted at number 28 on \"Billboard\" Adult Alternative Songs chart. \" Let It Happen\" appeared on many critics' year-end lists of the best songs of 2015. A music video for the song was uploaded on 17 August 2015 to the group's Vevo channel on YouTube. \"Let It Happen\" is about \"finding yourself always in this world of chaos and all this stuff going on around you and always shutting it out because you don't want to be part of it. But at some point, you realize it takes more energy to shut it out than it does to let it happen and be a part of 'it'. \" The theme of \"Currents\" is personal transition, and \"Let It Happen\" was sequenced as the album's opening song to exemplify acceptance. Parker detailed the song's globetrotting development in an interview with \"Under the Radar\" in 2015: \"Let It Happen\" is a psychedelic pop, disco and synth-pop song. At one point, the song begins to skip, reminiscent of a skipping compact disc.", "[so] I'm hoping it will make people go out and propose to their girlfriends or go on that holiday they never ended up doing. I hope it will provoke positivity, as opposed to make people really sad.\" According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Sony/ATV Music Publishing, \"Anything Could Happen\" is written in the key of C major and has a moderate tempo of 103 beats per minute. Goulding's vocals span from G to E in the song. \"Anything Could Happen\" received positive reviews from critics, with most praising the lyrical content and Goulding's vocals. Lewis Corner of \"Digital Spy\" gave \"Anything Could Happen\" four out of five stars, stating, \"' After the war we said we'd fight together/ I guess we thought that's what humans do,' the electro-folk starlet serenades over a booming bass synth and choppy piano, before bursting into a sky-soaring chorus that manages to keep up with her haunting, high-pitched \"ooohs\". The result is a gothic love anthem that, truth be told, we'd happily see replace 'Puppy Love' at wedding receptions for years to come.\" \"Entertainment Weekly\" commented that with \"Anything Could Happen\", Goulding \"strikes shimmery synth-pop gold again.\" Erin Thompson of the \"Seattle Weekly\" called the song \"lovely\" and \"impactful\", while commending Goulding for \"writing songs that unfold like stories\". \"Anything Could Happen\" was ranked number 84 by the \"Village Voice\"s annual Pazz & Jop critics' poll. \"Anything Could Happen\" debuted at number five on the UK Singles Chart, selling 49,680 copies in its first week. The single stayed at number five the following week, selling 37,895 copies."], "answer": {"text": "The group signed with Geffen Records in March 1986, receiving a $75,000 advance.", "answer_start": 423}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Formation", "answer": {"text": "When L.A. Guns needed a new vocalist, Stradlin suggested Hollywood Rose singer Axl Rose.", "answer_start": 91, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happen in 1985", "answer": {"text": "Guns N' Roses was formed in March 1985", "answer_start": 180, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was they known for", "answer": {"text": "Through the band's increasing presence on the Hollywood club scene - playing famed bars such as The Troubadour and The Roxy", "answer_start": 240, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The band's \"classic\" lineup was finalized on June 4, 1985 when Adler and Slash officially joined.", "answer_start": 931, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e257046fb3f94a48ad0152221a3b2d4d_1_q#0", "question": "What is organic music?", "rewrite": "What is organic music?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Many of Tan Dun's works call for instruments made of materials such as paper, stone, or water, but the compositions that he classifies as \"organic music\" feature these instruments most prominently. The first major work for organic instruments was his Water Concerto for Water Percussion and Orchestra (1998), dedicated to Toru Takemitsu. According to the composer, the sounds made by the soloist are inspired by the sounds of everyday life growing up in Hunan. Basins are filled with water, and the contents are manipulated with bowls, bottles, hands, and other devices. Other water instruments used include the waterphone. Various means of amplification are used, including contact microphones on the basins. The techniques devised in the Water Concerto were used again in Tan Dun's Water Passion After St. Matthew (2000). Written to commemorate the 250th anniversary of the death of Johann Sebastian Bach, the work for chorus, orchestra, and water percussion follows the Gospel of Matthew, beginning with Christ's baptism. The chorus doubles on tingsha, and the soprano and bass soloists double on xun. The score also requires Mongolian overtone singing from the soloists. As with Orchestral Theatre I: O, members of the orchestra play their instruments with techniques borrowed from non-Western traditions. Tan Dun's next major organic work, Paper Concerto for Paper Percussion and Orchestra (2003), explores the acoustic range of paper. Instruments constructed from differing thicknesses of paper are used as cymbals, drums, or reeds. Additionally, sheets of paper are shaken or struck. These sounds are amplified primarily through wireless microphones worn by the musicians. This work was commissioned by the Los Angeles Philharmonic for the opening of the Walt Disney Concert Hall.", "PeeVee Perumal Venkatesan aka PeeVee (1979, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu, India) is a people photographer and creative entrepreneur based in Bangalore, India. He co-founded the Thalam website. a creative space, both in Bangalore. His photography works have been published in various Indian and international media. His work has also been exhibited at art galleries across India. Perumal Venkatesan hails from an agricultural family. He finished his Chemical Engineering from the University of Madras. After taking up odd jobs for the first two to three years of his career, he zeroed in on his creative instincts. He finished his master's in Business Administration from Pondicherry Central University before stepping into the advertising industry. PeeVee has worked with several MNC clients, including Intel Semiconductor, providing them with creative & photography services for their internal & external communication needs. PeeVee is part of the photography group, Bangalore Weekend Shoots which organizes photo walks in the city. After a seven-year stint in advertising, he developed an online photo contest called Frames of the City and published a coffee table book in the same name. In April 2013, after 18 months at Red Frames, he joined his photography friend Dilip Param as a co-founder for Thalam, a creative community space. In March 2014, PeeVee was invited to be a part of The Beauty & The Grit Dance Photography Workshop by STEM dance Kampni in association with JAAGA, mentored by the International dance artistes Roy Campbell-Moore and Ann Sholem. In September 2012, Timeout Bengaluru (a global lifestyle magazine) named PeeVee as \"One of the 13 local heroes for culture in Bangalore\", for his contribution to photography.", "Organic Music for a Digital World Organic Music For A Digital World is the third studio album by Canadian rapper and producer DL Incognito.", "Organic Music Society Organic Music Society is an album by trumpeter Don Cherry recorded in 1972 and released on the Swedish Caprice label. The Allmusic review awarded the album 3 stars.", "In August 2012, PeeVee was invited to present \"Crowd Sourcing in Creative Entrepreneurship\" at The Asia Entrepreneurship Summit 2012 at ITC Gardenia, Bangalore. In September 2011, PeeVee was invited to give experTED at School of Management, Pondicherry University, Puducherry. PeeVee with a team of photographers worked closely with INTACH to crowdsource and produce a series of postcards named \"Portraits of Bangalore\" for INTACH in 2009. PeeVee has contributed six of 16 photographs used in the postcard series. PeeVee has worked extensively with the Indira Gandhi International Academy, a school for children of SriLankan Tamil Diaspora in India to raise funds by producing various collaterals for year 2011 and 2012. PeeVee and Selvaprakash L (Chief Photographer, Timeout Bengaluru) under the banner of Korkai, a photojournalist initiative, in association with The Alternative Magazine co-produced and co-directed a short film named \"Bangalore Lake Diaries\" aimed at creating awareness about the importance of conserving lakes of Bangalore, in March 2013. They have also organised a workshop in April 2013, to educate and empower photojournalists hailing from Rural India. PeeVee is married and lives with his wife, daughter, and in-laws in Indira Nagar, Bangalore. His parents continue to pursue agriculture in their native village. Thalam: For Bangalore Lake Diaries / Korkai For Infinity F / BWS / Red Frames:"], "answer": {"text": "Many of Tan Dun's works call for instruments made of materials such as paper, stone, or water,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e257046fb3f94a48ad0152221a3b2d4d_1_q#1", "question": "Did he write any organic music", "rewrite": "Did Tan Dun write any organic music?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Tan Dun earned more widespread attention after composing the score for Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000), for which he won an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, and a BAFTA Award. Other film credits include the aforementioned Hero (Zhang Yimou, 2002), Gregory Hoblit's Fallen (1998), and Feng Xiaogang's The Banquet (2006). Following the composition of the film score for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Tan Dun rearranged the music to create the Crouching Tiger Concerto for cello, video, and chamber orchestra. Containing edited footage from the film, this work reverses the role of music in film by treating video as secondary. This same technique was later applied to his film scores for Hero and The Banquet, resulting in the larger work known as the Martial Arts Cycle. In 2002, Tan Dun continued experimenting with application of video in music The Map, also for cello, video, and orchestra. The Map features documentary footage depicting the lives of China's Tujia, Miao, and Dong ethnic minorities. The musicians onstage, including the cello soloist, interact with the musicians onscreen--a duet of live and recorded performance. The work was premiered and commissioned by the Boston Symphony Orchestra with Yo-Yo Ma. Tan Dun's most recent multimedia work, Nu Shu: The Secret Songs of Women (2013), is a 13-movement work for video, solo harp, and orchestra. Following years of ethnomusicological research in Hunan, the work captures the sounds of Nushu script, a phonetic writing system devised by women speakers of the Shaozhou Tuhua dialect who had been disallowed from receiving formal education. Considered a dying language, Tan Dun's research resulted in a series of short films of women singing songs written in Nushu, which are presented alongside the orchestral performance.", "The First Emperor The First Emperor is an opera in two acts with music by Tan Dun and a libretto written in English by Tan Dun and Ha Jin. The opera received its world premiere at the Metropolitan Opera at Lincoln Center in New York City on 21 December 2006, conducted by the composer with Pl\u00e1cido Domingo in the title role. It was broadcast live to hundreds of cinemas around the world on 13 January 2007 as part of the Met Live in HD season. The following year, EMI released this movie broadcast on DVD. The opera was a co-production between the Metropolitan Opera and the Los Angeles Opera and was described to be the most elaborate Metropolitan opera production since \"War and Peace\". The protagonist is the real-life emperor Qin Shi Huang, who unified China with force, erected part of the Great Wall, and was buried with his terracotta army. The story of the opera is based on the Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian (c.145 \u2013 90 BC) and the screenplay of \"The Emperor\u2019s Shadow\" by Wei Lu. Tan Dun was first approached by the Met in 1996 to write an opera. After seeing the film \"The Emperor's Shadow\", he settled on the theme of the First Emperor. Zhang Yimou, the production's stage director, had worked with Tan Dun on the movie \"Hero\" that also deals with emperor Qin, albeit at an earlier time. The world premiere production was estimated to cost in excess of US$2 million. In preparation, Met staff was instructed in Chinese, and workshops in the development of the opera were held in Shanghai, in part as a cost-saving measure. Eagerly anticipated, the opera has been described as \"a high-stakes, cross-cultural gamble\". Tan Dun noted in regard to working in the operatic form: \"Scene 1\"", "Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing (born 16 February 1990 in Nord-Aurdal, Norway) is a Norwegian violinist, who has been performing on some of the world's most prestigious stages since the age of 11, with her solo debut with the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra. She premiered several works by Tan Dun. She lives in Berlin. She is the younger sister of Norwegian violinist Ragnhild Hemsing. Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing was born in Valdres in Norway in 1990 and started to play the violin at the age of five. She played for the Norwegian Royal Family at age six. At the age of seven she was accepted into the prestigious Barratt Due Institute of Music in Oslo, where she received lessons from Alf Richard Kraggerud and Stephan Barratt-Due. Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing has also studied with Boris Kuschnir. In 2012, she gave a globally televised performance at the Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony in Oslo. A collaboration developed with the Oscar-winning composer and conductor Tan Dun, when he asked her to perform his Hero Concerto with the Netherlands Symphony Orchestra as well as with the MDR Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra. The success of these performances led to an invitation to premiere Tan Dun's Triple Resurrection Concerto in Leipzig and Shanghai with the Shanghai Philharmonic Orchestra. Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing has also premiered Tan Dun's violin concerto The Love with the Trondheim Symphony Orchestra at the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai and most recently Tan Dun's violin concerto The Fire Rituals. A composition that was premiered with the Chinese National Orchestra at the Beijing's National Centre. A regular guest soloist with some of the world's top ensembles", "In the mid-1990s, Tan Dun began working on another series of orchestral works known as the Yi series, named for the I Ching (Yi Jing in pinyin). Each numbered work in the series builds upon the original, Yideg: Concerto for Orchestra (published 2002), by adding a solo instrument. The first concerto in the series, Yi1: Intercourse of Fire and Water (1994), was written for and premiered by cellist Anssi Karttunen. The second work, Yi2: Concerto for Guitar and Orchestra (1996), combines flamenco and pipa techniques and was premiered by Sharon Isbin. Originally titled Secret Land, Tan Dun wrote a concerto for twelve solo cellos and orchestra called Four Secret Road of Marco Polo (2004). Commissioned and premiered by the Berlin Philharmonic, the work is a musical exploration of the Silk Road. To achieve these sounds, the cello soloists employ sitar and pipa techniques. Tan Dun wrote a concerto for Lang Lang titled Piano Concerto: \"The Fire\" (2008), a commission by the New York Philharmonic. The concerto is reportedly inspired by the composer's love for martial arts, and the soloist is instructed to play certain passages of the music with fists and forearms. Other more tranquil sections evoke ancient Chinese instruments such as the guqin. In 2008, Tan Dun was commissioned by Google and YouTube to write an inaugural symphony for the YouTube Symphony Orchestra (YTSO) project. The resultant work, Internet Symphony No. 1 \"Eroica\", was recorded by the London Symphony Orchestra and uploaded to YouTube in November 2008, thus beginning the open call for video audition submissions. Voted on by members of the YouTube community as well as professional musicians, the YTSO was assembled of 96 musicians from over 30 countries.", "Many of Tan Dun's works call for instruments made of materials such as paper, stone, or water, but the compositions that he classifies as \"organic music\" feature these instruments most prominently. The first major work for organic instruments was his Water Concerto for Water Percussion and Orchestra (1998), dedicated to Toru Takemitsu. According to the composer, the sounds made by the soloist are inspired by the sounds of everyday life growing up in Hunan. Basins are filled with water, and the contents are manipulated with bowls, bottles, hands, and other devices. Other water instruments used include the waterphone. Various means of amplification are used, including contact microphones on the basins. The techniques devised in the Water Concerto were used again in Tan Dun's Water Passion After St. Matthew (2000). Written to commemorate the 250th anniversary of the death of Johann Sebastian Bach, the work for chorus, orchestra, and water percussion follows the Gospel of Matthew, beginning with Christ's baptism. The chorus doubles on tingsha, and the soprano and bass soloists double on xun. The score also requires Mongolian overtone singing from the soloists. As with Orchestral Theatre I: O, members of the orchestra play their instruments with techniques borrowed from non-Western traditions. Tan Dun's next major organic work, Paper Concerto for Paper Percussion and Orchestra (2003), explores the acoustic range of paper. Instruments constructed from differing thicknesses of paper are used as cymbals, drums, or reeds. Additionally, sheets of paper are shaken or struck. These sounds are amplified primarily through wireless microphones worn by the musicians. This work was commissioned by the Los Angeles Philharmonic for the opening of the Walt Disney Concert Hall."], "answer": {"text": "The first major work for organic instruments was his Water Concerto for Water Percussion and Orchestra", "answer_start": 198}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is organic music?", "answer": {"text": "Many of Tan Dun's works call for instruments made of materials such as paper, stone, or water,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e257046fb3f94a48ad0152221a3b2d4d_1_q#2", "question": "Any other notable works?", "rewrite": "Did Tan Dun have any notable works other than Water Concerto for Water Percussion and Orchestra?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The First Emperor The First Emperor is an opera in two acts with music by Tan Dun and a libretto written in English by Tan Dun and Ha Jin. The opera received its world premiere at the Metropolitan Opera at Lincoln Center in New York City on 21 December 2006, conducted by the composer with Pl\u00e1cido Domingo in the title role. It was broadcast live to hundreds of cinemas around the world on 13 January 2007 as part of the Met Live in HD season. The following year, EMI released this movie broadcast on DVD. The opera was a co-production between the Metropolitan Opera and the Los Angeles Opera and was described to be the most elaborate Metropolitan opera production since \"War and Peace\". The protagonist is the real-life emperor Qin Shi Huang, who unified China with force, erected part of the Great Wall, and was buried with his terracotta army. The story of the opera is based on the Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian (c.145 \u2013 90 BC) and the screenplay of \"The Emperor\u2019s Shadow\" by Wei Lu. Tan Dun was first approached by the Met in 1996 to write an opera. After seeing the film \"The Emperor's Shadow\", he settled on the theme of the First Emperor. Zhang Yimou, the production's stage director, had worked with Tan Dun on the movie \"Hero\" that also deals with emperor Qin, albeit at an earlier time. The world premiere production was estimated to cost in excess of US$2 million. In preparation, Met staff was instructed in Chinese, and workshops in the development of the opera were held in Shanghai, in part as a cost-saving measure. Eagerly anticipated, the opera has been described as \"a high-stakes, cross-cultural gamble\". Tan Dun noted in regard to working in the operatic form: \"Scene 1\"", "In the mid-1990s, Tan Dun began working on another series of orchestral works known as the Yi series, named for the I Ching (Yi Jing in pinyin). Each numbered work in the series builds upon the original, Yideg: Concerto for Orchestra (published 2002), by adding a solo instrument. The first concerto in the series, Yi1: Intercourse of Fire and Water (1994), was written for and premiered by cellist Anssi Karttunen. The second work, Yi2: Concerto for Guitar and Orchestra (1996), combines flamenco and pipa techniques and was premiered by Sharon Isbin. Originally titled Secret Land, Tan Dun wrote a concerto for twelve solo cellos and orchestra called Four Secret Road of Marco Polo (2004). Commissioned and premiered by the Berlin Philharmonic, the work is a musical exploration of the Silk Road. To achieve these sounds, the cello soloists employ sitar and pipa techniques. Tan Dun wrote a concerto for Lang Lang titled Piano Concerto: \"The Fire\" (2008), a commission by the New York Philharmonic. The concerto is reportedly inspired by the composer's love for martial arts, and the soloist is instructed to play certain passages of the music with fists and forearms. Other more tranquil sections evoke ancient Chinese instruments such as the guqin. In 2008, Tan Dun was commissioned by Google and YouTube to write an inaugural symphony for the YouTube Symphony Orchestra (YTSO) project. The resultant work, Internet Symphony No. 1 \"Eroica\", was recorded by the London Symphony Orchestra and uploaded to YouTube in November 2008, thus beginning the open call for video audition submissions. Voted on by members of the YouTube community as well as professional musicians, the YTSO was assembled of 96 musicians from over 30 countries.", "Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing (born 16 February 1990 in Nord-Aurdal, Norway) is a Norwegian violinist, who has been performing on some of the world's most prestigious stages since the age of 11, with her solo debut with the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra. She premiered several works by Tan Dun. She lives in Berlin. She is the younger sister of Norwegian violinist Ragnhild Hemsing. Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing was born in Valdres in Norway in 1990 and started to play the violin at the age of five. She played for the Norwegian Royal Family at age six. At the age of seven she was accepted into the prestigious Barratt Due Institute of Music in Oslo, where she received lessons from Alf Richard Kraggerud and Stephan Barratt-Due. Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing has also studied with Boris Kuschnir. In 2012, she gave a globally televised performance at the Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony in Oslo. A collaboration developed with the Oscar-winning composer and conductor Tan Dun, when he asked her to perform his Hero Concerto with the Netherlands Symphony Orchestra as well as with the MDR Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra. The success of these performances led to an invitation to premiere Tan Dun's Triple Resurrection Concerto in Leipzig and Shanghai with the Shanghai Philharmonic Orchestra. Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing has also premiered Tan Dun's violin concerto The Love with the Trondheim Symphony Orchestra at the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai and most recently Tan Dun's violin concerto The Fire Rituals. A composition that was premiered with the Chinese National Orchestra at the Beijing's National Centre. A regular guest soloist with some of the world's top ensembles", "Tan Dun earned more widespread attention after composing the score for Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000), for which he won an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, and a BAFTA Award. Other film credits include the aforementioned Hero (Zhang Yimou, 2002), Gregory Hoblit's Fallen (1998), and Feng Xiaogang's The Banquet (2006). Following the composition of the film score for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Tan Dun rearranged the music to create the Crouching Tiger Concerto for cello, video, and chamber orchestra. Containing edited footage from the film, this work reverses the role of music in film by treating video as secondary. This same technique was later applied to his film scores for Hero and The Banquet, resulting in the larger work known as the Martial Arts Cycle. In 2002, Tan Dun continued experimenting with application of video in music The Map, also for cello, video, and orchestra. The Map features documentary footage depicting the lives of China's Tujia, Miao, and Dong ethnic minorities. The musicians onstage, including the cello soloist, interact with the musicians onscreen--a duet of live and recorded performance. The work was premiered and commissioned by the Boston Symphony Orchestra with Yo-Yo Ma. Tan Dun's most recent multimedia work, Nu Shu: The Secret Songs of Women (2013), is a 13-movement work for video, solo harp, and orchestra. Following years of ethnomusicological research in Hunan, the work captures the sounds of Nushu script, a phonetic writing system devised by women speakers of the Shaozhou Tuhua dialect who had been disallowed from receiving formal education. Considered a dying language, Tan Dun's research resulted in a series of short films of women singing songs written in Nushu, which are presented alongside the orchestral performance.", "Many of Tan Dun's works call for instruments made of materials such as paper, stone, or water, but the compositions that he classifies as \"organic music\" feature these instruments most prominently. The first major work for organic instruments was his Water Concerto for Water Percussion and Orchestra (1998), dedicated to Toru Takemitsu. According to the composer, the sounds made by the soloist are inspired by the sounds of everyday life growing up in Hunan. Basins are filled with water, and the contents are manipulated with bowls, bottles, hands, and other devices. Other water instruments used include the waterphone. Various means of amplification are used, including contact microphones on the basins. The techniques devised in the Water Concerto were used again in Tan Dun's Water Passion After St. Matthew (2000). Written to commemorate the 250th anniversary of the death of Johann Sebastian Bach, the work for chorus, orchestra, and water percussion follows the Gospel of Matthew, beginning with Christ's baptism. The chorus doubles on tingsha, and the soprano and bass soloists double on xun. The score also requires Mongolian overtone singing from the soloists. As with Orchestral Theatre I: O, members of the orchestra play their instruments with techniques borrowed from non-Western traditions. Tan Dun's next major organic work, Paper Concerto for Paper Percussion and Orchestra (2003), explores the acoustic range of paper. Instruments constructed from differing thicknesses of paper are used as cymbals, drums, or reeds. Additionally, sheets of paper are shaken or struck. These sounds are amplified primarily through wireless microphones worn by the musicians. This work was commissioned by the Los Angeles Philharmonic for the opening of the Walt Disney Concert Hall."], "answer": {"text": "The techniques devised in the Water Concerto were used again in Tan Dun's Water Passion After St. Matthew (2000", "answer_start": 710}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is organic music?", "answer": {"text": "Many of Tan Dun's works call for instruments made of materials such as paper, stone, or water,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write any organic music", "answer": {"text": "The first major work for organic instruments was his Water Concerto for Water Percussion and Orchestra", "answer_start": 198, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e257046fb3f94a48ad0152221a3b2d4d_1_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any interesting aspects about this article other than information about Tan Dun's organic music pieces, Water Concerto for Water Percussion and Orchestra, and Water Passion After St. Matthew?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Tan Dun earned more widespread attention after composing the score for Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000), for which he won an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, and a BAFTA Award. Other film credits include the aforementioned Hero (Zhang Yimou, 2002), Gregory Hoblit's Fallen (1998), and Feng Xiaogang's The Banquet (2006). Following the composition of the film score for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Tan Dun rearranged the music to create the Crouching Tiger Concerto for cello, video, and chamber orchestra. Containing edited footage from the film, this work reverses the role of music in film by treating video as secondary. This same technique was later applied to his film scores for Hero and The Banquet, resulting in the larger work known as the Martial Arts Cycle. In 2002, Tan Dun continued experimenting with application of video in music The Map, also for cello, video, and orchestra. The Map features documentary footage depicting the lives of China's Tujia, Miao, and Dong ethnic minorities. The musicians onstage, including the cello soloist, interact with the musicians onscreen--a duet of live and recorded performance. The work was premiered and commissioned by the Boston Symphony Orchestra with Yo-Yo Ma. Tan Dun's most recent multimedia work, Nu Shu: The Secret Songs of Women (2013), is a 13-movement work for video, solo harp, and orchestra. Following years of ethnomusicological research in Hunan, the work captures the sounds of Nushu script, a phonetic writing system devised by women speakers of the Shaozhou Tuhua dialect who had been disallowed from receiving formal education. Considered a dying language, Tan Dun's research resulted in a series of short films of women singing songs written in Nushu, which are presented alongside the orchestral performance.", "The First Emperor The First Emperor is an opera in two acts with music by Tan Dun and a libretto written in English by Tan Dun and Ha Jin. The opera received its world premiere at the Metropolitan Opera at Lincoln Center in New York City on 21 December 2006, conducted by the composer with Pl\u00e1cido Domingo in the title role. It was broadcast live to hundreds of cinemas around the world on 13 January 2007 as part of the Met Live in HD season. The following year, EMI released this movie broadcast on DVD. The opera was a co-production between the Metropolitan Opera and the Los Angeles Opera and was described to be the most elaborate Metropolitan opera production since \"War and Peace\". The protagonist is the real-life emperor Qin Shi Huang, who unified China with force, erected part of the Great Wall, and was buried with his terracotta army. The story of the opera is based on the Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian (c.145 \u2013 90 BC) and the screenplay of \"The Emperor\u2019s Shadow\" by Wei Lu. Tan Dun was first approached by the Met in 1996 to write an opera. After seeing the film \"The Emperor's Shadow\", he settled on the theme of the First Emperor. Zhang Yimou, the production's stage director, had worked with Tan Dun on the movie \"Hero\" that also deals with emperor Qin, albeit at an earlier time. The world premiere production was estimated to cost in excess of US$2 million. In preparation, Met staff was instructed in Chinese, and workshops in the development of the opera were held in Shanghai, in part as a cost-saving measure. Eagerly anticipated, the opera has been described as \"a high-stakes, cross-cultural gamble\". Tan Dun noted in regard to working in the operatic form: \"Scene 1\"", "In the mid-1990s, Tan Dun began working on another series of orchestral works known as the Yi series, named for the I Ching (Yi Jing in pinyin). Each numbered work in the series builds upon the original, Yideg: Concerto for Orchestra (published 2002), by adding a solo instrument. The first concerto in the series, Yi1: Intercourse of Fire and Water (1994), was written for and premiered by cellist Anssi Karttunen. The second work, Yi2: Concerto for Guitar and Orchestra (1996), combines flamenco and pipa techniques and was premiered by Sharon Isbin. Originally titled Secret Land, Tan Dun wrote a concerto for twelve solo cellos and orchestra called Four Secret Road of Marco Polo (2004). Commissioned and premiered by the Berlin Philharmonic, the work is a musical exploration of the Silk Road. To achieve these sounds, the cello soloists employ sitar and pipa techniques. Tan Dun wrote a concerto for Lang Lang titled Piano Concerto: \"The Fire\" (2008), a commission by the New York Philharmonic. The concerto is reportedly inspired by the composer's love for martial arts, and the soloist is instructed to play certain passages of the music with fists and forearms. Other more tranquil sections evoke ancient Chinese instruments such as the guqin. In 2008, Tan Dun was commissioned by Google and YouTube to write an inaugural symphony for the YouTube Symphony Orchestra (YTSO) project. The resultant work, Internet Symphony No. 1 \"Eroica\", was recorded by the London Symphony Orchestra and uploaded to YouTube in November 2008, thus beginning the open call for video audition submissions. Voted on by members of the YouTube community as well as professional musicians, the YTSO was assembled of 96 musicians from over 30 countries.", "Many of Tan Dun's works call for instruments made of materials such as paper, stone, or water, but the compositions that he classifies as \"organic music\" feature these instruments most prominently. The first major work for organic instruments was his Water Concerto for Water Percussion and Orchestra (1998), dedicated to Toru Takemitsu. According to the composer, the sounds made by the soloist are inspired by the sounds of everyday life growing up in Hunan. Basins are filled with water, and the contents are manipulated with bowls, bottles, hands, and other devices. Other water instruments used include the waterphone. Various means of amplification are used, including contact microphones on the basins. The techniques devised in the Water Concerto were used again in Tan Dun's Water Passion After St. Matthew (2000). Written to commemorate the 250th anniversary of the death of Johann Sebastian Bach, the work for chorus, orchestra, and water percussion follows the Gospel of Matthew, beginning with Christ's baptism. The chorus doubles on tingsha, and the soprano and bass soloists double on xun. The score also requires Mongolian overtone singing from the soloists. As with Orchestral Theatre I: O, members of the orchestra play their instruments with techniques borrowed from non-Western traditions. Tan Dun's next major organic work, Paper Concerto for Paper Percussion and Orchestra (2003), explores the acoustic range of paper. Instruments constructed from differing thicknesses of paper are used as cymbals, drums, or reeds. Additionally, sheets of paper are shaken or struck. These sounds are amplified primarily through wireless microphones worn by the musicians. This work was commissioned by the Los Angeles Philharmonic for the opening of the Walt Disney Concert Hall.", "Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing (born 16 February 1990 in Nord-Aurdal, Norway) is a Norwegian violinist, who has been performing on some of the world's most prestigious stages since the age of 11, with her solo debut with the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra. She premiered several works by Tan Dun. She lives in Berlin. She is the younger sister of Norwegian violinist Ragnhild Hemsing. Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing was born in Valdres in Norway in 1990 and started to play the violin at the age of five. She played for the Norwegian Royal Family at age six. At the age of seven she was accepted into the prestigious Barratt Due Institute of Music in Oslo, where she received lessons from Alf Richard Kraggerud and Stephan Barratt-Due. Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing has also studied with Boris Kuschnir. In 2012, she gave a globally televised performance at the Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony in Oslo. A collaboration developed with the Oscar-winning composer and conductor Tan Dun, when he asked her to perform his Hero Concerto with the Netherlands Symphony Orchestra as well as with the MDR Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra. The success of these performances led to an invitation to premiere Tan Dun's Triple Resurrection Concerto in Leipzig and Shanghai with the Shanghai Philharmonic Orchestra. Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing has also premiered Tan Dun's violin concerto The Love with the Trondheim Symphony Orchestra at the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai and most recently Tan Dun's violin concerto The Fire Rituals. A composition that was premiered with the Chinese National Orchestra at the Beijing's National Centre. A regular guest soloist with some of the world's top ensembles"], "answer": {"text": "Tan Dun's next major organic work, Paper Concerto for Paper Percussion and Orchestra (2003), explores the acoustic range of paper.", "answer_start": 1310}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is organic music?", "answer": {"text": "Many of Tan Dun's works call for instruments made of materials such as paper, stone, or water,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write any organic music", "answer": {"text": "The first major work for organic instruments was his Water Concerto for Water Percussion and Orchestra", "answer_start": 198, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other notable works?", "answer": {"text": "The techniques devised in the Water Concerto were used again in Tan Dun's Water Passion After St. Matthew (2000", "answer_start": 710, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Didi he work aith any one else to write these pieces?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e257046fb3f94a48ad0152221a3b2d4d_1_q#5", "question": "What was his most recent piece?", "rewrite": "What was Tan Dun's most recent piece?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The First Emperor The First Emperor is an opera in two acts with music by Tan Dun and a libretto written in English by Tan Dun and Ha Jin. The opera received its world premiere at the Metropolitan Opera at Lincoln Center in New York City on 21 December 2006, conducted by the composer with Pl\u00e1cido Domingo in the title role. It was broadcast live to hundreds of cinemas around the world on 13 January 2007 as part of the Met Live in HD season. The following year, EMI released this movie broadcast on DVD. The opera was a co-production between the Metropolitan Opera and the Los Angeles Opera and was described to be the most elaborate Metropolitan opera production since \"War and Peace\". The protagonist is the real-life emperor Qin Shi Huang, who unified China with force, erected part of the Great Wall, and was buried with his terracotta army. The story of the opera is based on the Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian (c.145 \u2013 90 BC) and the screenplay of \"The Emperor\u2019s Shadow\" by Wei Lu. Tan Dun was first approached by the Met in 1996 to write an opera. After seeing the film \"The Emperor's Shadow\", he settled on the theme of the First Emperor. Zhang Yimou, the production's stage director, had worked with Tan Dun on the movie \"Hero\" that also deals with emperor Qin, albeit at an earlier time. The world premiere production was estimated to cost in excess of US$2 million. In preparation, Met staff was instructed in Chinese, and workshops in the development of the opera were held in Shanghai, in part as a cost-saving measure. Eagerly anticipated, the opera has been described as \"a high-stakes, cross-cultural gamble\". Tan Dun noted in regard to working in the operatic form: \"Scene 1\"", "Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing (born 16 February 1990 in Nord-Aurdal, Norway) is a Norwegian violinist, who has been performing on some of the world's most prestigious stages since the age of 11, with her solo debut with the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra. She premiered several works by Tan Dun. She lives in Berlin. She is the younger sister of Norwegian violinist Ragnhild Hemsing. Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing was born in Valdres in Norway in 1990 and started to play the violin at the age of five. She played for the Norwegian Royal Family at age six. At the age of seven she was accepted into the prestigious Barratt Due Institute of Music in Oslo, where she received lessons from Alf Richard Kraggerud and Stephan Barratt-Due. Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing has also studied with Boris Kuschnir. In 2012, she gave a globally televised performance at the Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony in Oslo. A collaboration developed with the Oscar-winning composer and conductor Tan Dun, when he asked her to perform his Hero Concerto with the Netherlands Symphony Orchestra as well as with the MDR Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra. The success of these performances led to an invitation to premiere Tan Dun's Triple Resurrection Concerto in Leipzig and Shanghai with the Shanghai Philharmonic Orchestra. Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing has also premiered Tan Dun's violin concerto The Love with the Trondheim Symphony Orchestra at the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai and most recently Tan Dun's violin concerto The Fire Rituals. A composition that was premiered with the Chinese National Orchestra at the Beijing's National Centre. A regular guest soloist with some of the world's top ensembles", "Tan Dun earned more widespread attention after composing the score for Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000), for which he won an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, and a BAFTA Award. Other film credits include the aforementioned Hero (Zhang Yimou, 2002), Gregory Hoblit's Fallen (1998), and Feng Xiaogang's The Banquet (2006). Following the composition of the film score for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Tan Dun rearranged the music to create the Crouching Tiger Concerto for cello, video, and chamber orchestra. Containing edited footage from the film, this work reverses the role of music in film by treating video as secondary. This same technique was later applied to his film scores for Hero and The Banquet, resulting in the larger work known as the Martial Arts Cycle. In 2002, Tan Dun continued experimenting with application of video in music The Map, also for cello, video, and orchestra. The Map features documentary footage depicting the lives of China's Tujia, Miao, and Dong ethnic minorities. The musicians onstage, including the cello soloist, interact with the musicians onscreen--a duet of live and recorded performance. The work was premiered and commissioned by the Boston Symphony Orchestra with Yo-Yo Ma. Tan Dun's most recent multimedia work, Nu Shu: The Secret Songs of Women (2013), is a 13-movement work for video, solo harp, and orchestra. Following years of ethnomusicological research in Hunan, the work captures the sounds of Nushu script, a phonetic writing system devised by women speakers of the Shaozhou Tuhua dialect who had been disallowed from receiving formal education. Considered a dying language, Tan Dun's research resulted in a series of short films of women singing songs written in Nushu, which are presented alongside the orchestral performance.", "Tan Dun: Ghost Opera Tan Dun: Ghost Opera is an album by the Kronos Quartet and Wu Man. The album contains five compositions by Chinese composer Tan Dun written in 1994 for string quartet and pipa. , the composition was still on the Quartet's program.", "In the mid-1990s, Tan Dun began working on another series of orchestral works known as the Yi series, named for the I Ching (Yi Jing in pinyin). Each numbered work in the series builds upon the original, Yideg: Concerto for Orchestra (published 2002), by adding a solo instrument. The first concerto in the series, Yi1: Intercourse of Fire and Water (1994), was written for and premiered by cellist Anssi Karttunen. The second work, Yi2: Concerto for Guitar and Orchestra (1996), combines flamenco and pipa techniques and was premiered by Sharon Isbin. Originally titled Secret Land, Tan Dun wrote a concerto for twelve solo cellos and orchestra called Four Secret Road of Marco Polo (2004). Commissioned and premiered by the Berlin Philharmonic, the work is a musical exploration of the Silk Road. To achieve these sounds, the cello soloists employ sitar and pipa techniques. Tan Dun wrote a concerto for Lang Lang titled Piano Concerto: \"The Fire\" (2008), a commission by the New York Philharmonic. The concerto is reportedly inspired by the composer's love for martial arts, and the soloist is instructed to play certain passages of the music with fists and forearms. Other more tranquil sections evoke ancient Chinese instruments such as the guqin. In 2008, Tan Dun was commissioned by Google and YouTube to write an inaugural symphony for the YouTube Symphony Orchestra (YTSO) project. The resultant work, Internet Symphony No. 1 \"Eroica\", was recorded by the London Symphony Orchestra and uploaded to YouTube in November 2008, thus beginning the open call for video audition submissions. Voted on by members of the YouTube community as well as professional musicians, the YTSO was assembled of 96 musicians from over 30 countries."], "answer": {"text": "Earth Concerto for stone and ceramic percussion and orchestra (2009) draws from Gustav Mahler's Das Lied von der Erde", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is organic music?", "answer": {"text": "Many of Tan Dun's works call for instruments made of materials such as paper, stone, or water,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write any organic music", "answer": {"text": "The first major work for organic instruments was his Water Concerto for Water Percussion and Orchestra", "answer_start": 198, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other notable works?", "answer": {"text": "The techniques devised in the Water Concerto were used again in Tan Dun's Water Passion After St. Matthew (2000", "answer_start": 710, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Didi he work aith any one else to write these pieces?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Tan Dun's next major organic work, Paper Concerto for Paper Percussion and Orchestra (2003), explores the acoustic range of paper.", "answer_start": 1310, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e257046fb3f94a48ad0152221a3b2d4d_1_q#7", "question": "what instruments were used?", "rewrite": "What instruments were used in Tan Dun's work, Earth Concerto for Stone and Ceramic Percussion and Orchestra?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the mid-1990s, Tan Dun began working on another series of orchestral works known as the Yi series, named for the I Ching (Yi Jing in pinyin). Each numbered work in the series builds upon the original, Yideg: Concerto for Orchestra (published 2002), by adding a solo instrument. The first concerto in the series, Yi1: Intercourse of Fire and Water (1994), was written for and premiered by cellist Anssi Karttunen. The second work, Yi2: Concerto for Guitar and Orchestra (1996), combines flamenco and pipa techniques and was premiered by Sharon Isbin. Originally titled Secret Land, Tan Dun wrote a concerto for twelve solo cellos and orchestra called Four Secret Road of Marco Polo (2004). Commissioned and premiered by the Berlin Philharmonic, the work is a musical exploration of the Silk Road. To achieve these sounds, the cello soloists employ sitar and pipa techniques. Tan Dun wrote a concerto for Lang Lang titled Piano Concerto: \"The Fire\" (2008), a commission by the New York Philharmonic. The concerto is reportedly inspired by the composer's love for martial arts, and the soloist is instructed to play certain passages of the music with fists and forearms. Other more tranquil sections evoke ancient Chinese instruments such as the guqin. In 2008, Tan Dun was commissioned by Google and YouTube to write an inaugural symphony for the YouTube Symphony Orchestra (YTSO) project. The resultant work, Internet Symphony No. 1 \"Eroica\", was recorded by the London Symphony Orchestra and uploaded to YouTube in November 2008, thus beginning the open call for video audition submissions. Voted on by members of the YouTube community as well as professional musicians, the YTSO was assembled of 96 musicians from over 30 countries.", "Many of Tan Dun's works call for instruments made of materials such as paper, stone, or water, but the compositions that he classifies as \"organic music\" feature these instruments most prominently. The first major work for organic instruments was his Water Concerto for Water Percussion and Orchestra (1998), dedicated to Toru Takemitsu. According to the composer, the sounds made by the soloist are inspired by the sounds of everyday life growing up in Hunan. Basins are filled with water, and the contents are manipulated with bowls, bottles, hands, and other devices. Other water instruments used include the waterphone. Various means of amplification are used, including contact microphones on the basins. The techniques devised in the Water Concerto were used again in Tan Dun's Water Passion After St. Matthew (2000). Written to commemorate the 250th anniversary of the death of Johann Sebastian Bach, the work for chorus, orchestra, and water percussion follows the Gospel of Matthew, beginning with Christ's baptism. The chorus doubles on tingsha, and the soprano and bass soloists double on xun. The score also requires Mongolian overtone singing from the soloists. As with Orchestral Theatre I: O, members of the orchestra play their instruments with techniques borrowed from non-Western traditions. Tan Dun's next major organic work, Paper Concerto for Paper Percussion and Orchestra (2003), explores the acoustic range of paper. Instruments constructed from differing thicknesses of paper are used as cymbals, drums, or reeds. Additionally, sheets of paper are shaken or struck. These sounds are amplified primarily through wireless microphones worn by the musicians. This work was commissioned by the Los Angeles Philharmonic for the opening of the Walt Disney Concert Hall.", "Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing (born 16 February 1990 in Nord-Aurdal, Norway) is a Norwegian violinist, who has been performing on some of the world's most prestigious stages since the age of 11, with her solo debut with the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra. She premiered several works by Tan Dun. She lives in Berlin. She is the younger sister of Norwegian violinist Ragnhild Hemsing. Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing was born in Valdres in Norway in 1990 and started to play the violin at the age of five. She played for the Norwegian Royal Family at age six. At the age of seven she was accepted into the prestigious Barratt Due Institute of Music in Oslo, where she received lessons from Alf Richard Kraggerud and Stephan Barratt-Due. Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing has also studied with Boris Kuschnir. In 2012, she gave a globally televised performance at the Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony in Oslo. A collaboration developed with the Oscar-winning composer and conductor Tan Dun, when he asked her to perform his Hero Concerto with the Netherlands Symphony Orchestra as well as with the MDR Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra. The success of these performances led to an invitation to premiere Tan Dun's Triple Resurrection Concerto in Leipzig and Shanghai with the Shanghai Philharmonic Orchestra. Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing has also premiered Tan Dun's violin concerto The Love with the Trondheim Symphony Orchestra at the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai and most recently Tan Dun's violin concerto The Fire Rituals. A composition that was premiered with the Chinese National Orchestra at the Beijing's National Centre. A regular guest soloist with some of the world's top ensembles", "Earth Concerto for stone and ceramic percussion and orchestra (2009) draws from Gustav Mahler's Das Lied von der Erde (The Song of the Earth), which in turn draws from the poetry of Li Po. Ceramic instruments include percussion instruments similar to those Tan Dun had used in previous works, as well as wind instruments and xun.", "Tan Dun earned more widespread attention after composing the score for Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000), for which he won an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, and a BAFTA Award. Other film credits include the aforementioned Hero (Zhang Yimou, 2002), Gregory Hoblit's Fallen (1998), and Feng Xiaogang's The Banquet (2006). Following the composition of the film score for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Tan Dun rearranged the music to create the Crouching Tiger Concerto for cello, video, and chamber orchestra. Containing edited footage from the film, this work reverses the role of music in film by treating video as secondary. This same technique was later applied to his film scores for Hero and The Banquet, resulting in the larger work known as the Martial Arts Cycle. In 2002, Tan Dun continued experimenting with application of video in music The Map, also for cello, video, and orchestra. The Map features documentary footage depicting the lives of China's Tujia, Miao, and Dong ethnic minorities. The musicians onstage, including the cello soloist, interact with the musicians onscreen--a duet of live and recorded performance. The work was premiered and commissioned by the Boston Symphony Orchestra with Yo-Yo Ma. Tan Dun's most recent multimedia work, Nu Shu: The Secret Songs of Women (2013), is a 13-movement work for video, solo harp, and orchestra. Following years of ethnomusicological research in Hunan, the work captures the sounds of Nushu script, a phonetic writing system devised by women speakers of the Shaozhou Tuhua dialect who had been disallowed from receiving formal education. Considered a dying language, Tan Dun's research resulted in a series of short films of women singing songs written in Nushu, which are presented alongside the orchestral performance."], "answer": {"text": "instruments include percussion instruments similar to those Tan Dun had used in previous works, as well as wind instruments and xun.", "answer_start": 197}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is organic music?", "answer": {"text": "Many of Tan Dun's works call for instruments made of materials such as paper, stone, or water,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write any organic music", "answer": {"text": "The first major work for organic instruments was his Water Concerto for Water Percussion and Orchestra", "answer_start": 198, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other notable works?", "answer": {"text": "The techniques devised in the Water Concerto were used again in Tan Dun's Water Passion After St. Matthew (2000", "answer_start": 710, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Didi he work aith any one else to write these pieces?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Tan Dun's next major organic work, Paper Concerto for Paper Percussion and Orchestra (2003), explores the acoustic range of paper.", "answer_start": 1310, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his most recent piece?", "answer": {"text": "Earth Concerto for stone and ceramic percussion and orchestra (2009) draws from Gustav Mahler's Das Lied von der Erde", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e257046fb3f94a48ad0152221a3b2d4d_1_q#8", "question": "what was his first work?", "rewrite": "What was Tan Dun's first work?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the mid-1990s, Tan Dun began working on another series of orchestral works known as the Yi series, named for the I Ching (Yi Jing in pinyin). Each numbered work in the series builds upon the original, Yideg: Concerto for Orchestra (published 2002), by adding a solo instrument. The first concerto in the series, Yi1: Intercourse of Fire and Water (1994), was written for and premiered by cellist Anssi Karttunen. The second work, Yi2: Concerto for Guitar and Orchestra (1996), combines flamenco and pipa techniques and was premiered by Sharon Isbin. Originally titled Secret Land, Tan Dun wrote a concerto for twelve solo cellos and orchestra called Four Secret Road of Marco Polo (2004). Commissioned and premiered by the Berlin Philharmonic, the work is a musical exploration of the Silk Road. To achieve these sounds, the cello soloists employ sitar and pipa techniques. Tan Dun wrote a concerto for Lang Lang titled Piano Concerto: \"The Fire\" (2008), a commission by the New York Philharmonic. The concerto is reportedly inspired by the composer's love for martial arts, and the soloist is instructed to play certain passages of the music with fists and forearms. Other more tranquil sections evoke ancient Chinese instruments such as the guqin. In 2008, Tan Dun was commissioned by Google and YouTube to write an inaugural symphony for the YouTube Symphony Orchestra (YTSO) project. The resultant work, Internet Symphony No. 1 \"Eroica\", was recorded by the London Symphony Orchestra and uploaded to YouTube in November 2008, thus beginning the open call for video audition submissions. Voted on by members of the YouTube community as well as professional musicians, the YTSO was assembled of 96 musicians from over 30 countries.", "Tan Dun earned more widespread attention after composing the score for Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000), for which he won an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, and a BAFTA Award. Other film credits include the aforementioned Hero (Zhang Yimou, 2002), Gregory Hoblit's Fallen (1998), and Feng Xiaogang's The Banquet (2006). Following the composition of the film score for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Tan Dun rearranged the music to create the Crouching Tiger Concerto for cello, video, and chamber orchestra. Containing edited footage from the film, this work reverses the role of music in film by treating video as secondary. This same technique was later applied to his film scores for Hero and The Banquet, resulting in the larger work known as the Martial Arts Cycle. In 2002, Tan Dun continued experimenting with application of video in music The Map, also for cello, video, and orchestra. The Map features documentary footage depicting the lives of China's Tujia, Miao, and Dong ethnic minorities. The musicians onstage, including the cello soloist, interact with the musicians onscreen--a duet of live and recorded performance. The work was premiered and commissioned by the Boston Symphony Orchestra with Yo-Yo Ma. Tan Dun's most recent multimedia work, Nu Shu: The Secret Songs of Women (2013), is a 13-movement work for video, solo harp, and orchestra. Following years of ethnomusicological research in Hunan, the work captures the sounds of Nushu script, a phonetic writing system devised by women speakers of the Shaozhou Tuhua dialect who had been disallowed from receiving formal education. Considered a dying language, Tan Dun's research resulted in a series of short films of women singing songs written in Nushu, which are presented alongside the orchestral performance.", "Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing (born 16 February 1990 in Nord-Aurdal, Norway) is a Norwegian violinist, who has been performing on some of the world's most prestigious stages since the age of 11, with her solo debut with the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra. She premiered several works by Tan Dun. She lives in Berlin. She is the younger sister of Norwegian violinist Ragnhild Hemsing. Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing was born in Valdres in Norway in 1990 and started to play the violin at the age of five. She played for the Norwegian Royal Family at age six. At the age of seven she was accepted into the prestigious Barratt Due Institute of Music in Oslo, where she received lessons from Alf Richard Kraggerud and Stephan Barratt-Due. Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing has also studied with Boris Kuschnir. In 2012, she gave a globally televised performance at the Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony in Oslo. A collaboration developed with the Oscar-winning composer and conductor Tan Dun, when he asked her to perform his Hero Concerto with the Netherlands Symphony Orchestra as well as with the MDR Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra. The success of these performances led to an invitation to premiere Tan Dun's Triple Resurrection Concerto in Leipzig and Shanghai with the Shanghai Philharmonic Orchestra. Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing has also premiered Tan Dun's violin concerto The Love with the Trondheim Symphony Orchestra at the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai and most recently Tan Dun's violin concerto The Fire Rituals. A composition that was premiered with the Chinese National Orchestra at the Beijing's National Centre. A regular guest soloist with some of the world's top ensembles", "The First Emperor The First Emperor is an opera in two acts with music by Tan Dun and a libretto written in English by Tan Dun and Ha Jin. The opera received its world premiere at the Metropolitan Opera at Lincoln Center in New York City on 21 December 2006, conducted by the composer with Pl\u00e1cido Domingo in the title role. It was broadcast live to hundreds of cinemas around the world on 13 January 2007 as part of the Met Live in HD season. The following year, EMI released this movie broadcast on DVD. The opera was a co-production between the Metropolitan Opera and the Los Angeles Opera and was described to be the most elaborate Metropolitan opera production since \"War and Peace\". The protagonist is the real-life emperor Qin Shi Huang, who unified China with force, erected part of the Great Wall, and was buried with his terracotta army. The story of the opera is based on the Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian (c.145 \u2013 90 BC) and the screenplay of \"The Emperor\u2019s Shadow\" by Wei Lu. Tan Dun was first approached by the Met in 1996 to write an opera. After seeing the film \"The Emperor's Shadow\", he settled on the theme of the First Emperor. Zhang Yimou, the production's stage director, had worked with Tan Dun on the movie \"Hero\" that also deals with emperor Qin, albeit at an earlier time. The world premiere production was estimated to cost in excess of US$2 million. In preparation, Met staff was instructed in Chinese, and workshops in the development of the opera were held in Shanghai, in part as a cost-saving measure. Eagerly anticipated, the opera has been described as \"a high-stakes, cross-cultural gamble\". Tan Dun noted in regard to working in the operatic form: \"Scene 1\"", "Many of Tan Dun's works call for instruments made of materials such as paper, stone, or water, but the compositions that he classifies as \"organic music\" feature these instruments most prominently. The first major work for organic instruments was his Water Concerto for Water Percussion and Orchestra (1998), dedicated to Toru Takemitsu. According to the composer, the sounds made by the soloist are inspired by the sounds of everyday life growing up in Hunan. Basins are filled with water, and the contents are manipulated with bowls, bottles, hands, and other devices. Other water instruments used include the waterphone. Various means of amplification are used, including contact microphones on the basins. The techniques devised in the Water Concerto were used again in Tan Dun's Water Passion After St. Matthew (2000). Written to commemorate the 250th anniversary of the death of Johann Sebastian Bach, the work for chorus, orchestra, and water percussion follows the Gospel of Matthew, beginning with Christ's baptism. The chorus doubles on tingsha, and the soprano and bass soloists double on xun. The score also requires Mongolian overtone singing from the soloists. As with Orchestral Theatre I: O, members of the orchestra play their instruments with techniques borrowed from non-Western traditions. Tan Dun's next major organic work, Paper Concerto for Paper Percussion and Orchestra (2003), explores the acoustic range of paper. Instruments constructed from differing thicknesses of paper are used as cymbals, drums, or reeds. Additionally, sheets of paper are shaken or struck. These sounds are amplified primarily through wireless microphones worn by the musicians. This work was commissioned by the Los Angeles Philharmonic for the opening of the Walt Disney Concert Hall."], "answer": {"text": "The first major work for organic instruments was his Water Concerto for Water Percussion and Orchestra (1998), dedicated to Toru Takemitsu.", "answer_start": 198}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is organic music?", "answer": {"text": "Many of Tan Dun's works call for instruments made of materials such as paper, stone, or water,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write any organic music", "answer": {"text": "The first major work for organic instruments was his Water Concerto for Water Percussion and Orchestra", "answer_start": 198, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other notable works?", "answer": {"text": "The techniques devised in the Water Concerto were used again in Tan Dun's Water Passion After St. Matthew (2000", "answer_start": 710, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Didi he work aith any one else to write these pieces?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Tan Dun's next major organic work, Paper Concerto for Paper Percussion and Orchestra (2003), explores the acoustic range of paper.", "answer_start": 1310, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his most recent piece?", "answer": {"text": "Earth Concerto for stone and ceramic percussion and orchestra (2009) draws from Gustav Mahler's Das Lied von der Erde", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what instruments were used?", "answer": {"text": "instruments include percussion instruments similar to those Tan Dun had used in previous works, as well as wind instruments and xun.", "answer_start": 197, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_e257046fb3f94a48ad0152221a3b2d4d_1_q#9", "question": "How was his music taken by the public?", "rewrite": "How was Tan Dun's music taken by the public?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the mid-1990s, Tan Dun began working on another series of orchestral works known as the Yi series, named for the I Ching (Yi Jing in pinyin). Each numbered work in the series builds upon the original, Yideg: Concerto for Orchestra (published 2002), by adding a solo instrument. The first concerto in the series, Yi1: Intercourse of Fire and Water (1994), was written for and premiered by cellist Anssi Karttunen. The second work, Yi2: Concerto for Guitar and Orchestra (1996), combines flamenco and pipa techniques and was premiered by Sharon Isbin. Originally titled Secret Land, Tan Dun wrote a concerto for twelve solo cellos and orchestra called Four Secret Road of Marco Polo (2004). Commissioned and premiered by the Berlin Philharmonic, the work is a musical exploration of the Silk Road. To achieve these sounds, the cello soloists employ sitar and pipa techniques. Tan Dun wrote a concerto for Lang Lang titled Piano Concerto: \"The Fire\" (2008), a commission by the New York Philharmonic. The concerto is reportedly inspired by the composer's love for martial arts, and the soloist is instructed to play certain passages of the music with fists and forearms. Other more tranquil sections evoke ancient Chinese instruments such as the guqin. In 2008, Tan Dun was commissioned by Google and YouTube to write an inaugural symphony for the YouTube Symphony Orchestra (YTSO) project. The resultant work, Internet Symphony No. 1 \"Eroica\", was recorded by the London Symphony Orchestra and uploaded to YouTube in November 2008, thus beginning the open call for video audition submissions. Voted on by members of the YouTube community as well as professional musicians, the YTSO was assembled of 96 musicians from over 30 countries.", "Many of Tan Dun's works call for instruments made of materials such as paper, stone, or water, but the compositions that he classifies as \"organic music\" feature these instruments most prominently. The first major work for organic instruments was his Water Concerto for Water Percussion and Orchestra (1998), dedicated to Toru Takemitsu. According to the composer, the sounds made by the soloist are inspired by the sounds of everyday life growing up in Hunan. Basins are filled with water, and the contents are manipulated with bowls, bottles, hands, and other devices. Other water instruments used include the waterphone. Various means of amplification are used, including contact microphones on the basins. The techniques devised in the Water Concerto were used again in Tan Dun's Water Passion After St. Matthew (2000). Written to commemorate the 250th anniversary of the death of Johann Sebastian Bach, the work for chorus, orchestra, and water percussion follows the Gospel of Matthew, beginning with Christ's baptism. The chorus doubles on tingsha, and the soprano and bass soloists double on xun. The score also requires Mongolian overtone singing from the soloists. As with Orchestral Theatre I: O, members of the orchestra play their instruments with techniques borrowed from non-Western traditions. Tan Dun's next major organic work, Paper Concerto for Paper Percussion and Orchestra (2003), explores the acoustic range of paper. Instruments constructed from differing thicknesses of paper are used as cymbals, drums, or reeds. Additionally, sheets of paper are shaken or struck. These sounds are amplified primarily through wireless microphones worn by the musicians. This work was commissioned by the Los Angeles Philharmonic for the opening of the Walt Disney Concert Hall.", "Tan Dun earned more widespread attention after composing the score for Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000), for which he won an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, and a BAFTA Award. Other film credits include the aforementioned Hero (Zhang Yimou, 2002), Gregory Hoblit's Fallen (1998), and Feng Xiaogang's The Banquet (2006). Following the composition of the film score for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Tan Dun rearranged the music to create the Crouching Tiger Concerto for cello, video, and chamber orchestra. Containing edited footage from the film, this work reverses the role of music in film by treating video as secondary. This same technique was later applied to his film scores for Hero and The Banquet, resulting in the larger work known as the Martial Arts Cycle. In 2002, Tan Dun continued experimenting with application of video in music The Map, also for cello, video, and orchestra. The Map features documentary footage depicting the lives of China's Tujia, Miao, and Dong ethnic minorities. The musicians onstage, including the cello soloist, interact with the musicians onscreen--a duet of live and recorded performance. The work was premiered and commissioned by the Boston Symphony Orchestra with Yo-Yo Ma. Tan Dun's most recent multimedia work, Nu Shu: The Secret Songs of Women (2013), is a 13-movement work for video, solo harp, and orchestra. Following years of ethnomusicological research in Hunan, the work captures the sounds of Nushu script, a phonetic writing system devised by women speakers of the Shaozhou Tuhua dialect who had been disallowed from receiving formal education. Considered a dying language, Tan Dun's research resulted in a series of short films of women singing songs written in Nushu, which are presented alongside the orchestral performance.", "The First Emperor The First Emperor is an opera in two acts with music by Tan Dun and a libretto written in English by Tan Dun and Ha Jin. The opera received its world premiere at the Metropolitan Opera at Lincoln Center in New York City on 21 December 2006, conducted by the composer with Pl\u00e1cido Domingo in the title role. It was broadcast live to hundreds of cinemas around the world on 13 January 2007 as part of the Met Live in HD season. The following year, EMI released this movie broadcast on DVD. The opera was a co-production between the Metropolitan Opera and the Los Angeles Opera and was described to be the most elaborate Metropolitan opera production since \"War and Peace\". The protagonist is the real-life emperor Qin Shi Huang, who unified China with force, erected part of the Great Wall, and was buried with his terracotta army. The story of the opera is based on the Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian (c.145 \u2013 90 BC) and the screenplay of \"The Emperor\u2019s Shadow\" by Wei Lu. Tan Dun was first approached by the Met in 1996 to write an opera. After seeing the film \"The Emperor's Shadow\", he settled on the theme of the First Emperor. Zhang Yimou, the production's stage director, had worked with Tan Dun on the movie \"Hero\" that also deals with emperor Qin, albeit at an earlier time. The world premiere production was estimated to cost in excess of US$2 million. In preparation, Met staff was instructed in Chinese, and workshops in the development of the opera were held in Shanghai, in part as a cost-saving measure. Eagerly anticipated, the opera has been described as \"a high-stakes, cross-cultural gamble\". Tan Dun noted in regard to working in the operatic form: \"Scene 1\"", "Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing (born 16 February 1990 in Nord-Aurdal, Norway) is a Norwegian violinist, who has been performing on some of the world's most prestigious stages since the age of 11, with her solo debut with the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra. She premiered several works by Tan Dun. She lives in Berlin. She is the younger sister of Norwegian violinist Ragnhild Hemsing. Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing was born in Valdres in Norway in 1990 and started to play the violin at the age of five. She played for the Norwegian Royal Family at age six. At the age of seven she was accepted into the prestigious Barratt Due Institute of Music in Oslo, where she received lessons from Alf Richard Kraggerud and Stephan Barratt-Due. Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing has also studied with Boris Kuschnir. In 2012, she gave a globally televised performance at the Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony in Oslo. A collaboration developed with the Oscar-winning composer and conductor Tan Dun, when he asked her to perform his Hero Concerto with the Netherlands Symphony Orchestra as well as with the MDR Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra. The success of these performances led to an invitation to premiere Tan Dun's Triple Resurrection Concerto in Leipzig and Shanghai with the Shanghai Philharmonic Orchestra. Eldbj\u00f8rg Hemsing has also premiered Tan Dun's violin concerto The Love with the Trondheim Symphony Orchestra at the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai and most recently Tan Dun's violin concerto The Fire Rituals. A composition that was premiered with the Chinese National Orchestra at the Beijing's National Centre. A regular guest soloist with some of the world's top ensembles"], "answer": {"text": "This work was commissioned by the Los Angeles Philharmonic for the opening of the Walt Disney Concert Hall.", "answer_start": 1680}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is organic music?", "answer": {"text": "Many of Tan Dun's works call for instruments made of materials such as paper, stone, or water,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write any organic music", "answer": {"text": "The first major work for organic instruments was his Water Concerto for Water Percussion and Orchestra", "answer_start": 198, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other notable works?", "answer": {"text": "The techniques devised in the Water Concerto were used again in Tan Dun's Water Passion After St. Matthew (2000", "answer_start": 710, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Didi he work aith any one else to write these pieces?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Tan Dun's next major organic work, Paper Concerto for Paper Percussion and Orchestra (2003), explores the acoustic range of paper.", "answer_start": 1310, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his most recent piece?", "answer": {"text": "Earth Concerto for stone and ceramic percussion and orchestra (2009) draws from Gustav Mahler's Das Lied von der Erde", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what instruments were used?", "answer": {"text": "instruments include percussion instruments similar to those Tan Dun had used in previous works, as well as wind instruments and xun.", "answer_start": 197, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what was his first work?", "answer": {"text": "The first major work for organic instruments was his Water Concerto for Water Percussion and Orchestra (1998), dedicated to Toru Takemitsu.", "answer_start": 198, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_217e8794c819441eb5550c8cb85fa807_0_q#0", "question": "Where did the White house concert hold?", "rewrite": "Where did the White house concert hold?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["House concert A house concert or home concert is a musical concert or performance art that is presented in someone's home or apartment, or a nearby small private space such as a barn, apartment rec room, lawn, or back yard. Logistics considerations of holding a concert in a contemporary home include audience capacity, collecting cash or donations, whether the proceeds will be split with the host, marketing and whether to publicize the venue, the equipment or sound system, to provide refreshments or to hold a potluck, whether to have one show or present a series, and the choice of musicians. Common in the historical past, but now unusual in the age of large concert arenas, a house concert is almost invariably described as an \"intimate\" experience. A true house concert needs to be distinguished from a smaller musical ensemble, recital at a high school, or modern chamber music concert, which may sometimes be called a \"house show\" or \"house concert\". Audience capacity for a house concert is typically smaller than at a coffeehouse or club, but some concert spaces may accommodate 200 people; others can entertain two dozen or so. Generally tickets are not sold in advance, but cash is collected at the show. Sometimes, the money collected goes straight to the performers, with no \"profit motive\" on the presenter's part. However, at other times, the \"purpose\" of the show is to collect money to pay for rent, or is paid by a donation. In fact, calling it a donation may prevent zoning issues that a host is operating a business such as a cabaret illegally or without a license. Traditionally, there is little or no sound system, so performers may play and sing acoustically, or perform or act without a microphone.", "Curtis initially sold this album only at shows, eventually releasing it worldwide on October 21, 2014. Curtis was the winner of the 2007 Winery Music Awards. Curtis has done 11 national and 5 regional tours since 2007. She often makes reference to her 2002 Volkswagen Jetta, which she drives when on tour. The Jetta's wheel was used as the picture on the CD single of \"Get Outta Town.\" Curtis announced on Twitter on September 28, 2014 that her Jetta had hit 333,333 miles. Frustrated with what she characterized as difficulty making progress on the traditional club and coffeehouse touring circuit, Curtis started experimenting in 2011 with supplementing her regular touring schedule with house concerts. She found house concerts to be \"the most rewarding, fulfilling, and successful kind of touring I\u2019ve ever done,\" and soon abandoned traditional touring to focus exclusively on house concert touring. Curtis developed a highly profitable model for house concert touring, and in February 2014 published a how-to book detailing her method, titled \"No Booker, No Bouncer, No Bartender: How I Made $25K On A 2-Month House Concert Tour ( And How You Can Too).\" Curtis lives in Los Angeles. She is married to producer/engineer Jamie Hill.", "Since at least the 1970s, however, extension cords, mult boxes, and other equipment innovations have enabled such performers to hook into a sound system, either inside or outside a house. Nonetheless, the musicians \"use just enough equipment to make for a complete experience without being too loud for the neighbors.\" Refreshments, if any, are usually either a \"pot luck\" brought by the listeners, or provided by the hosts using a bit of the gate receipts. Sometimes, the performers get a meal and/or lodging with the presenters as part of their compensation. Most house concerts are \"one-shots\", but others are presented as a series, for example, every two to eight weeks over a \"season\", of anywhere from six to twelve months. Some lesser-known musicians may go on tour with gigs consisting primarily of house concerts. Even notable musical acts, such as Sirsy, may schedule \"private party\" gigs while on tour. House concerts are conducted \"by invitation\" (for practical reasons), social media such as Twitter or Facebook, or word of mouth, rather than as \"public\" concerts like a club or concert hall. However, in smaller towns and cities, the local media may help publicize such a concert. In an academic study on the cataloging of concert event ephemera, one of the only two flyers studied that did \"not\" have a publicized venue was for a house concert, the other being obscure. Now unusual in the age of large concert arenas, a house concert is almost invariably described as an \"intimate\" experience. In \"a small setting as a house concert, [a singer] fills the air with her voice and [a musician] with his guitar. You are surrounded by the music. \" It is \"up close and personal.\"", "The Wyldwood Shows, in Austin, Texas, can accommodate 200 people in a \"lush backyard setting for what amounts to a near festival-like atmosphere.\" A house concert is also a unique experience in the United States of 2010; one blogger at \"Wired\" magazine wrote: At house concerts, \"you don't have worry about whether you'll have a good seat since the show is literally in the living room of the home ... at ... trailside Court, New City. \" This comes with a duty to recall \"that this is a house concert, so behave accordingly and don't do anything you wouldn't do in your own house, OK?\" People host house concerts because they \"want to share great music,\" or they may live in a town where \"there are too few venues where people can go to experience great music in a close and friendly environment. \" One may also wish to host a home concert because it makes one happy, or \"to give exposure to some incredible musicians whose talents [they] truly believe in and wish to help promote.\" A retired musician may be a host as \"one way of reconnecting with that part of themselves.\" Once they go to a house concert, and discover its charms, it is a great experience for children, whether for smaller \"kids\", or \"18-year-olds\". It is not for everyone: Folk music singer-songwriter Carrie Elkin says of house concerts: In the Seoul, South Korea, \"The House Concert\" series, the audience sits directly on the wooden floor along with the musicians so they can feel the vibration of the instruments, providing an even more intimate and \"goose-bump\" inspiring connection to the music and the performers. \"", "As a result of the controversy, a petition circulated on the website of the White House demanding that he be dropped from the concert, although the petition was deleted later in the day because the White House website claimed that the petition violated the website's terms of participation. \" Time\" magazine's Nick Carbone asserted that it is \"unlikely that these newly dug-up anecdotes will depose Psy from his king-like level of stardom\" although Carbone did go on to write that the atmosphere at the White House concert would be \"somewhat subdued\". Psy was invited to perform on February 11, 2013 in Penang, Malaysia for the ruling Barisan Nasional party in an attempt to reach out to young voters in the area. Media reports estimated a cost of at least US$300,000 for the performance. Opposition backers called for supporters of the Democratic Action Party to attend wearing opposition colors. Despite the controversy and calls by Malaysian citizens to cancel the concert, Psy completed a Chinese New Year open house performance at Han Chiang School for a crowd of 100,000. Following the concert, a media report revealed that Psy received death threats prior to entering the country and this was the reason for the delay in Psy's on-stage appearance. Psy eventually performed for ten minutes to an excited crowd. The media report also reported on a press conference at the Jelutong Gerakan Chinese New Year open house that revealed that questions were raised over the financing of the event. State Barisan Nasional (BN) party chief Teng Chang Yeow explained that the event \"was sponsored by private sponsors who preferred to remain anonymous as they are afraid of being 'victimised' if their identities were revealed\"."], "answer": {"text": "Berry performed at the White House", "answer_start": 342}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_217e8794c819441eb5550c8cb85fa807_0_q#1", "question": "any intresting information?", "rewrite": "any interesting information about Chuck Berry?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chuck Berry Twist Chuck Berry Twist is the first compilation album by Chuck Berry, released by Chess Records in February 1962, during Berry's imprisonment. The title was an attempt to capitalize on a new dance craze, the Twist, introduced by Chubby Checker in 1960, even though none of the songs musically conformed to the Twist style (most of the songs predated the introduction of the dance). The album was reissued a year later with a new title, \"More Chuck Berry\". An album with that title was released in the UK by Pye International Records in 1964, featuring the same cover but a completely different track listing. In a 1978 poll of music critics, Robert Christgau listed the record as the fourth best album of all time. The record was reviewed by Pig River Records on its 50th anniversary in February 2012, receiving a score of 9.0/10. All songs written by Chuck Berry except as noted", "Chuck Berry on Stage Chuck Berry on Stage is the first live album by Chuck Berry, released in 1963 by Chess Records. Although promoted as a live album, it is a collection of previously released studio recordings (except for 5 songs... \"All Aboard\", \"Trick or Treat\", \"I Just Want To Make Love To You\", \"Still Got The Blues\", and a previously unreleased alternate take of \"Brown-Eyed Handsome Man\") with overdubbed audience sounds to simulate a live recording. One track on the album labelled \"Surfin' USA\", is \"Sweet Little Sixteen\", originally released in 1958, the melody of which was used in The Beach Boys' 1963 hit \"Surfin' USA\". Chuck's cover of Willie Dixon's \"I Just Want To Make Love To You\" was later re-recorded and released on the very rare Chess LP CH60032 \"Chuck Berry\" in 1975. All songs composed by Chuck Berry except as noted", "Chuck Berry House The Chuck Berry House is the former home of American rock and roll musician Chuck Berry in St. Louis, Missouri located at 3137 Whittier Street. The house was Berry's home when he wrote and first performed the majority of songs with which he is identified, including \"Maybellene\" (1955), \"Roll Over Beethoven\" (1956), \"Too Much Monkey Business\" (1956), \"Rock and Roll Music\" (1957), \"School Day\" (1957), \"Sweet Little Sixteen\" (1958), and \"Johnny B. Goode\" (1958). Built in 1910, the house is located in the Greater Ville, an economically depressed neighborhood of north St. Louis. The house is vacant, but retains features and integrity dating to Berry's residence, including an awning with a letter \"B\" for Berry on the front porch. The house is located on a narrow lot and is closely built to other similar houses; the exterior is red brick except for a small concrete-block addition in the rear built by Berry in 1956. The addition was built both to accommodate his growing family and perhaps to allow greater space for musical practice sessions. The interior of the house includes its original floor plan, hardwood flooring, plaster walls, doors, and fixtures. The kitchen underwent a renovation in the late 1950s, while a metal front door and metal window grilles were installed at a later date. The house otherwise retains its appearance from the time of Berry's residence. In 2008, the Chuck Berry House was listed in the National Register of Historic Places, which was an uncommon listing due to the house's association with a living figure. Berry and his wife Thelmetta moved into the house in 1950 and lived in it for eight years.", "Chuck Berry's Golden Decade Chuck Berry's Golden Decade is a compilation of music by Chuck Berry, released in three volumes in 1967, 1973, and 1974. Covering the decade from 1955 to 1964, each volume consists of a two-LP set of 24 songs recorded by Berry. The first volume reached number 72 on \"Billboard\"'s Pop Albums chart. The second volume peaked at number 110. The third volume, which included only two hit singles among its tracks, did not chart. The first two volumes were critically well received. In 1967, \"Rolling Stone\" noted that the first volume was \"the album you \"must\" get\" when \"looking for the Chuck Berry standards\". The album was included in Robert Christgau's \"Basic Record Library\" of 1950s and 1960s recordings, published in \"\" (1981). All three volumes are out of print. All songs written by Chuck Berry. All songs written by Chuck Berry except where noted. All songs written by Chuck Berry except where noted.", "Billy Peek Billy Peek (born in St. Louis, Missouri) is an American rock and roll and blues guitarist, singer, songwriter, composer, producer. Billy Peek has recorded, toured and played as lead guitarist for rock icon Rod Stewart for five years. Billy Peek has recorded, toured and performed with rock legend Chuck Berry and was the backing band for Chuck Berry's European tour. Peek continuously performs with his own band throughout the U.S. Peek was born in South St. Louis, and as a child growing up in the 1950s he lived for a time in the apartment above his parents' bar known as the Peek-A-Boo Inn. There he began playing the country guitar with his father. When he was a bit older he heard the music of other burgeoning St. Louis musicians such as Chuck Berry and Ike Turner and it completely changed his life, leading Peek to focus his energies on blues and rock. At the age of 15, Peek formed his own band and went over to East St. Louis to listen to performers like Ike Turner, Little Mlton and Albert King. At the age of 18 Peek would sit in with Ike Turner's band. Peek learned the language of the blues and tried it out on his guitar from the sounds of B.B. King, Elmore James and Muddy Waters. However, the most important influence on Peek was Chuck Berry. Peek performed on a TV show, Russ Carter's \"St. Louis Hop\", which led him to opening for Chuck Berry at the first anniversary show at the Casa Loma Ballroom. In 1963, Peek began performing during the \"Gaslight Square\" Era on the DeBaliviere Strip, where Chuck Berry strolled in and sat in the audience."], "answer": {"text": "Berry returned to Chess from 1970 to 1973.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the White house concert hold?", "answer": {"text": "Berry performed at the White House", "answer_start": 342, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_217e8794c819441eb5550c8cb85fa807_0_q#2", "question": "When did he quit chess?", "rewrite": "When did Chuck Berry quit chess?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Chess Box The Chess Box is a compact disc box set compilation by Chuck Berry. It is one in a series of box sets issued by MCA/Chess in the late 1980s (the other sets were by Bo Diddley, Howlin' Wolf, Muddy Waters, Willie Dixon, and Etta James). The Chuck Berry set is the most prominent of these, having won a Grammy Award for Best Historical Album in 1989. Berry's \"Chess Box\" was reissued on vinyl in 1990. This collection was also issued on audio cassette. The songs \" I'm Just a Lucky So and So\" and \"Time Was\" were previously unreleased. \" Cryin' Steel\" was first released as \"Surfin' Steel\" on \"Chuck Berry on Stage\". \" Ramona Say Yes\" did not have saxophones. Another song of interest is \"Chuck's Beat\", from the album \"Two Great Guitars\", by Berry and Bo Diddley. All songs written by Chuck Berry except as noted According to \"Allmusic\" Performers Production", "Chuck Berry's Golden Decade Chuck Berry's Golden Decade is a compilation of music by Chuck Berry, released in three volumes in 1967, 1973, and 1974. Covering the decade from 1955 to 1964, each volume consists of a two-LP set of 24 songs recorded by Berry. The first volume reached number 72 on \"Billboard\"'s Pop Albums chart. The second volume peaked at number 110. The third volume, which included only two hit singles among its tracks, did not chart. The first two volumes were critically well received. In 1967, \"Rolling Stone\" noted that the first volume was \"the album you \"must\" get\" when \"looking for the Chuck Berry standards\". The album was included in Robert Christgau's \"Basic Record Library\" of 1950s and 1960s recordings, published in \"\" (1981). All three volumes are out of print. All songs written by Chuck Berry. All songs written by Chuck Berry except where noted. All songs written by Chuck Berry except where noted.", "Chuck Berry on Stage Chuck Berry on Stage is the first live album by Chuck Berry, released in 1963 by Chess Records. Although promoted as a live album, it is a collection of previously released studio recordings (except for 5 songs... \"All Aboard\", \"Trick or Treat\", \"I Just Want To Make Love To You\", \"Still Got The Blues\", and a previously unreleased alternate take of \"Brown-Eyed Handsome Man\") with overdubbed audience sounds to simulate a live recording. One track on the album labelled \"Surfin' USA\", is \"Sweet Little Sixteen\", originally released in 1958, the melody of which was used in The Beach Boys' 1963 hit \"Surfin' USA\". Chuck's cover of Willie Dixon's \"I Just Want To Make Love To You\" was later re-recorded and released on the very rare Chess LP CH60032 \"Chuck Berry\" in 1975. All songs composed by Chuck Berry except as noted", "Lafayette Leake Lafayette Leake (June 1, 1919 \u2013 August 14, 1990) was a blues and jazz pianist, organist, vocalist and composer who played for Chess Records as a session musician, and as a member of the Big Three Trio, during the formative years of Chicago blues. He played piano on many of Chuck Berry's recordings. Leake was born in Winona, Missouri, in 1919. Information about his early years is sparse, but in the early 1950s he joined the Big Three Trio (replacing Leonard Caston) and began his association with Chess Records, where he worked closely with bassist, producer, and songwriter Willie Dixon. Leake played piano on \"One Dozen Berrys\", Chuck Berry's second album, released in 1958 by Chess. He was then on \"Chuck Berry Is on Top;\" Leake (not Berry's longtime bandmate Johnnie Johnson) played the prominent piano on the classic original rendition of \"Johnny B. Goode\", as well as \"Rock and Roll Music\". Leake played on numerous other Chess sessions from the '50s through the '70s, backing many of the Chess greats, including Sonny Boy Williamson, Otis Rush, Junior Wells, and Little Walter. Leake gave Chicago blues musician Harmonica Hinds his first harmonica lesson on the street in Toronto, Ontario. During the 1960s Willie Dixon formed the Chicago Blues All-Stars, with Leake as resident pianist. Leake toured and recorded with this group until the mid-1970s. After that he did little recording or touring, although he appeared with Chuck Berry at the Chicago Blues Festival in 1986 and recorded \"Hidden Charms\" with Willie Dixon in 1988. Besides being a respected performer, Leake was a composer. He recorded a number of his own songs as a member of various ensembles, and others have been covered by notable musicians.", "Chuck Berry Twist Chuck Berry Twist is the first compilation album by Chuck Berry, released by Chess Records in February 1962, during Berry's imprisonment. The title was an attempt to capitalize on a new dance craze, the Twist, introduced by Chubby Checker in 1960, even though none of the songs musically conformed to the Twist style (most of the songs predated the introduction of the dance). The album was reissued a year later with a new title, \"More Chuck Berry\". An album with that title was released in the UK by Pye International Records in 1964, featuring the same cover but a completely different track listing. In a 1978 poll of music critics, Robert Christgau listed the record as the fourth best album of all time. The record was reviewed by Pig River Records on its 50th anniversary in February 2012, receiving a score of 9.0/10. All songs written by Chuck Berry except as noted"], "answer": {"text": "1973.", "answer_start": 37}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the White house concert hold?", "answer": {"text": "Berry performed at the White House", "answer_start": 342, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "any intresting information?", "answer": {"text": "Berry returned to Chess from 1970 to 1973.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f4527e9a35804acd812640e853ebdf12_1_q#0", "question": "What year did The Carpenters' first single release?", "rewrite": "What year did The Carpenters' first single release?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["If I Had You (Carpenters song) \"If I Had You\" is a song recorded by singer Karen Carpenter during her solo sessions in New York with producer Phil Ramone for her subsequently shelved debut solo album. In 1989 \"If I Had You\" was released as a Karen Carpenter solo single (featuring Richard Carpenter's remix ending), along with \"The Uninvited Guest\" (an outtake from the Carpenters album \"Made In America\"), also credited as a Karen Carpenter solo, as its B-side (in Japan the B-side was \"Lovelines\", another track from Karen's solo album, also the title track from the 1989 Carpenters \"Lovelines\" album). The single was the first single from the Carpenters' album \"Lovelines\". As of 2016, this is also the last Carpenters single released to American radio. The single version has also appeared on numerous Carpenters compilations since its release. The single reached number 18 on the 'Billboard\" Adult Contemporary Chart. The original version, featuring the fade-out ending has only appeared on Karen Carpenter's 1996 solo album.", "I Won't Last a Day Without You \"I Won't Last a Day Without You\" is a song with lyrics written by Paul Williams and music composed by Roger Nichols. It became a hit single for the Carpenters in 1974, reaching number 11 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and number one on the easy listening chart. It was the Carpenters' ninth number one on the easy listening chart. In 1972, Richard Carpenter had learned of a new song by Williams and Nichols, who had already contributed \"We've Only Just Begun\" and \"Rainy Days and Mondays\" to the Carpenters. He included it on their 1972 album \"A Song for You\", but it would not be released as a single until 1974. Before then, Diana Ross heard it and included it on her 1973 album \"Touch Me in the Morning\", as well as the B side of the title track single release, which became a number-one hit. Williams released his version as a single in 1973, but garnered only minor success. Maureen McGovern recorded the song and also released it as a single in 1973 (and included on her album \"The Morning After\"), reaching #89 \"Billboard\", #72 \"Cash Box\" and #14 Adult Contemporary. In Canada, her version reached #12 AC. The Carpenters' version was released as a single the following year. Many other versions of the song have been recorded by famous artists. Among the most notable of the cover versions is Al Wilson's recording for his 1974 album \"La La Peace Song\" which featured \"I Won't Last a Day Without You\" in a medley with another Nichols/Williams composition: \"Let Me Be the One\".", "Palomino ( Gemma Hayes song) \"Palomino\" is a song written by Irish singer-songwriter Gemma Hayes and the third single release from her fifth studio album \"Bones+Longing\". 'Palomino' was initially scheduled as the first single release from her fifth studio album \"Bones+Longing\". The single release was delayed to make way for 'Chasing'. Upon the release of the album in November 2014, Palomino featured regularly on radio in Ireland. The single appeared regularly on Newstalk, Today FM and TXFM. By spring 2015, the track was released as the second track from the LP in France, Germany and Australia among other territories. It is the third single release in Ireland. The track has featured heavily on Australian music radio station Double J. In February 2015, Hayes released a video featuring an acoustic version of the track, the video recorded in London in 2014. During promos in France and Germany, Hayes performed the track to coincide with the release of the album in both territories. On 18 April 'Palomino' was released on a very limited edition release to celebrate Record Store Day. The track is featured on a 7\" vinyl and along with 'The Shit I Own'. Only 500 copies have been made and will be available to a number of record shops across Europe. 'Palomino' is used in the 2016 summer-spring advertising campaign for French fashion label Cyrillus. 7 \" Track listing Digital Release On 24 March 2015, during an interview with RT\u00c9 2fm, Hayes explained the video would be shot within the next few weeks. The music video premiered on YouTube on 2 June 2015. The music video was filmed in April and May, over a couple of weekends in East London, by Northern Irish Director Babysweet, and it shows off the projection work of Annelisa Keestra.", "Let Me Be the One (Carpenters song) \"Let Me Be the One\" is a song written in 1971 by Roger Nichols and Paul Williams. It first appeared on the 1971 album \"Carpenters\" by the Carpenters. \"Let Me Be the One\" is a relatively short song, with a run time of 2:25. Bearing something of a resemblance to \" We've Only Just Begun\", the song was a potential Carpenters single release in 1971 being Karen Carpenter's choice to follow \" For All We Know\", but Richard Carpenter doubted the hit potential of \"Let Me Be the One\" and the choice for single was assigned to \"Rainy Days and Mondays\". However the album cut \"Let Me Be the One\" did receive airplay on both Top 40 and MOR radio stations. Paul Williams has described \"Let Me Be the One\" as \"one of those songs that everybody's recorded but it's never been a [major hit] single. It was used very briefly by ABC-TV in 1976 and Channel 9 Australia in 1977: \"Let us be the one you turn to/ Let us be the one you turn to/ When you need someone you turn to/ Let us be the one.\" \" The 1991 remix for \"Let Me Be the One\" can only be found on the \"From the Top\" box set, for which it was released as a promotional single. It starts off with Karen counting off, and Richard's piano line is very different from the original 1971 mix found on the \"Carpenters\" album. In the original 1971 mix, the song fades out; the 1991 remix continues through to the point where Karen and the rest of the musicians create a conclusion. The earliest evident recording of \"Let Me Be the One\" was that made by Nanette Workman being one of five songs recorded with producer Tommy Cogbill", "Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft \"Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft\" is a song by Klaatu, originally released in 1976 on their first album \"\". The song would open night transmission of the pirate radio station Radio Caroline. The year following its release, the Carpenters covered the song, using a crew of 160 musicians. The Carpenters' version reached the top 10 in the UK and Canada, and charted at number 1 in Ireland. John Woloschuk, a member of Klaatu and one of the song's composers, has said: The Carpenters' version from their \"Passage\" album charted worldwide and appeared on several of their hits compilations. The song title appears on the Carpenters' version above the tagline \"(The Recognized Anthem Of World Contact Day)\". The success of their version led to the duo receiving many letters from people asking when World Contact Day would be held. The song ultimately led to a successful Carpenters television special, \"The Carpenters... Space Encounters\". While Klaatu's original opens with various sounds of living species, the Carpenters' version opens with a radio DJ on a request show. The DJ identifies a phone caller as \"Mike Ledgerwood\". When the DJ asks Mike for his song request, an alien-sounding voice responds. The DJ is voiced by longstanding Carpenters' guitarist Tony Peluso, who can be seen in that role at the start of the video for this track. The vocal melody ranges from B\u266d3 to F\u266f5. The Carpenters' arrangement of the song was later copied on a sound-alike cover released on the 1977 album \"Top of the Pops, Volume 62\". The cover art was painted by designer Andrew Probert. The Carpenters had two music videos for \"Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft\": Notes References"], "answer": {"text": "October 9, 1969,", "answer_start": 641}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f4527e9a35804acd812640e853ebdf12_1_q#1", "question": "What was the name of the single?", "rewrite": "What was the name of The Carpenters' first single?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft \"Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft\" is a song by Klaatu, originally released in 1976 on their first album \"\". The song would open night transmission of the pirate radio station Radio Caroline. The year following its release, the Carpenters covered the song, using a crew of 160 musicians. The Carpenters' version reached the top 10 in the UK and Canada, and charted at number 1 in Ireland. John Woloschuk, a member of Klaatu and one of the song's composers, has said: The Carpenters' version from their \"Passage\" album charted worldwide and appeared on several of their hits compilations. The song title appears on the Carpenters' version above the tagline \"(The Recognized Anthem Of World Contact Day)\". The success of their version led to the duo receiving many letters from people asking when World Contact Day would be held. The song ultimately led to a successful Carpenters television special, \"The Carpenters... Space Encounters\". While Klaatu's original opens with various sounds of living species, the Carpenters' version opens with a radio DJ on a request show. The DJ identifies a phone caller as \"Mike Ledgerwood\". When the DJ asks Mike for his song request, an alien-sounding voice responds. The DJ is voiced by longstanding Carpenters' guitarist Tony Peluso, who can be seen in that role at the start of the video for this track. The vocal melody ranges from B\u266d3 to F\u266f5. The Carpenters' arrangement of the song was later copied on a sound-alike cover released on the 1977 album \"Top of the Pops, Volume 62\". The cover art was painted by designer Andrew Probert. The Carpenters had two music videos for \"Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft\": Notes References", "Building Workers' Industrial Union of Australia The Building Workers' Industrial Union of Australia was an Australian trade union covering workers in the construction industry. It was originally established as the Australian District of the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners, initially forming part of the English trade union, with a carpenters' union having been active as early as the 1840s. It was first federally registered under that name in 1911. In 1922, it was renamed the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners of Australia, when it absorbed many members from the collapsing Australian Society of Progressive Carpenters and Joiners. Discussions about merging the various building industry unions had begun by the 1930s, and in 1934, the New South Wales state carpenters' and bricklayers' unions merged as the Building Workers' Industrial Union, with approaches also being made to the plasterers', painters' and labourers' unions. In 1943, the issue of amalgamation on a broader scale emerged again. The federal Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners sought to expand its coverage to workers across the entire building industry, and changed its name to the Building Workers' Industrial Union, with a number of state-level unions merging into the union. In the same year, the New South Wales branch affiliated with the Australian Labor Party for the first time, breaking from the Carpenters' and Joiners' historical non-affiliation. The union suffered a setback in 1944 when the amalgamation of the Queensland state Carpenters' and Joiners' with Painters' and Decorators' Union and the Queensland branch of the Builders Labourers Federation to form a Queensland state branch of the BWIU was blocked in court after a challenge from the Australian Workers' Union and other rival unions.", "If I Had You (Carpenters song) \"If I Had You\" is a song recorded by singer Karen Carpenter during her solo sessions in New York with producer Phil Ramone for her subsequently shelved debut solo album. In 1989 \"If I Had You\" was released as a Karen Carpenter solo single (featuring Richard Carpenter's remix ending), along with \"The Uninvited Guest\" (an outtake from the Carpenters album \"Made In America\"), also credited as a Karen Carpenter solo, as its B-side (in Japan the B-side was \"Lovelines\", another track from Karen's solo album, also the title track from the 1989 Carpenters \"Lovelines\" album). The single was the first single from the Carpenters' album \"Lovelines\". As of 2016, this is also the last Carpenters single released to American radio. The single version has also appeared on numerous Carpenters compilations since its release. The single reached number 18 on the 'Billboard\" Adult Contemporary Chart. The original version, featuring the fade-out ending has only appeared on Karen Carpenter's 1996 solo album.", "Horizon (Carpenters album) Horizon is the sixth studio album by American musical duo Carpenters. It was recorded at A&M Studios (mainly in Studio \"D\" using then-state-of-the-art 24-track recording technology, 30 Dolby, and recorded at 30 inches per second). The Carpenters spent many hours experimenting with different sounds, techniques and effects. After five consecutive albums peaking inside the US top five, \"Horizon\" broke this run by reaching no. 13. The album has been certified Platinum by the RIAA for shipments of 1 million copies. It was particularly successful in the United Kingdom and Japan, topping the charts and becoming one of the best-selling albums of 1975 in those countries. \" Horizon\" also reached no. 3 in New Zealand, no. 4 in Canada and no. 5 in Norway. The album's first single, \"Please Mr. Postman\" (released some seven months earlier), became the album's biggest hit single and also the Carpenters' biggest hit single worldwide. It reached no. 1 in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and South Africa, as well as reaching no. 2 in the UK and Ireland. This tune features Karen on drums and Tony Peluso on guitar solo. The following single, \"Only Yesterday\", was also a success, reaching no. 2 in Canada and France, no. 4 in the US, no. 5 in Ireland, no. 7 in the UK, no. 10 in New Zealand and was certified gold in Japan. The song also won the prestigious Grand Prix award in Japan. A third single, \"Solitaire\", reached no. 17 in the US and the top 40 in several other countries around the world. According to Richard, Karen never particularly liked the song. The Carpenters' version of this song leaves out lyrics included in the original.", "Worshipful Company of Carpenters The Worshipful Company of Carpenters is a livery company of the City of London. The Carpenters were traditionally different from a fellow wood-crafting company, the Worshipful Company of Joiners and Ceilers, in that carpenters utilised nails while joiners used adhesives to attach wood. The organisation existed in 1271; it received a Royal Charter of incorporation in 1477. As is the case with most of the other livery companies, the Company no longer has a role as a trade association of tradesmen and craftsmen. Instead, it acts as a charitable institution and supports education in wood-related fields. In 1767 the Company purchased an estate at Stratford, London. In 1886 it opened an evening institute on the Carpenters Estate there, offering classes in carpentry, joinery, plumbing, geometry, mechanical drawing and cookery. In 1891, the Carpenter's Institute had become a day school for boys. The school closed in 1905 when the local authority opened its own school. The Company ranks twenty-sixth in the order of precedence of livery companies. The Company's motto is \"Honour God\". Its guild church is All Hallows-on-the-Wall, where the Company has held its annual elections for over 600 years. The livery hall, Carpenters Hall, is at Throgmorton Avenue; it is a Grade II listed building. Founded in 1724, the Carpenters' Company of the City and County of Philadelphia was modelled after the Worshipful Company of Carpenters. Carpenters Company in London"], "answer": {"text": "\"All of My Life\" and \"Eve\",", "answer_start": 518}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did The Carpenters' first single release?", "answer": {"text": "October 9, 1969,", "answer_start": 641, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_f4527e9a35804acd812640e853ebdf12_1_q#2", "question": "Were they successful?", "rewrite": "Was The Carpenters' first single successful?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This involvement in civic life extended to politics as well, as later on virtually the entire Company membership actively supported the American Revolution and most of the members volunteered to serve in the American army. In 1770, after decades in existence, the Company voted to build a meeting space and headquarters. That project would become Carpenters\u2019 Hall, which just months after completion in 1774 came to serve as the meeting ground not just for the First Continental Congress, but also later for Benjamin Franklin \u2019s negotiations with French spy Julien Alexandre Achard de Bonvouloir and the site for Franklin\u2019s Library Company. Carpenters\u2019 Hall itself was designed and built by Carpenters\u2019 Company member Robert Smith, who today is acknowledged as \u201cone of the most prominent and skilled architect/builders in colonial America.\u201d As Philadelphia grew and prospered in the 19th and 20th centuries, Carpenters\u2019 Company members continued their involvement in the creation of important public buildings both in and outside of Philadelphia. Philadelphia City Hall, Reading Terminal and more recent projects at prestigious centers of higher education like the University of Pennsylvania, Bryn Mawr College and Temple University were all shaped by Carpenters\u2019 Company members. The Carpenters\u2019 Company sponsored a school of architecture in the 19th century for which they assembled an impressive collection of architectural pattern books for the use of members, their apprentices and the students. This collection survives intact and constitutes one of the finest pre-Civil War architectural libraries in the United States. Due to the rare and fragile nature of the individual items, the library is not open to the public except by special permission. Nearing its 300th anniversary, The Carpenters\u2019 Company remains an active and influential organization. In addition to preserving and maintaining Carpenters\u2019 Hall, the Company serves as an important forum for cooperation amongst many of Philadelphia's most successful architects, structural engineers and builders.", "Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft \"Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft\" is a song by Klaatu, originally released in 1976 on their first album \"\". The song would open night transmission of the pirate radio station Radio Caroline. The year following its release, the Carpenters covered the song, using a crew of 160 musicians. The Carpenters' version reached the top 10 in the UK and Canada, and charted at number 1 in Ireland. John Woloschuk, a member of Klaatu and one of the song's composers, has said: The Carpenters' version from their \"Passage\" album charted worldwide and appeared on several of their hits compilations. The song title appears on the Carpenters' version above the tagline \"(The Recognized Anthem Of World Contact Day)\". The success of their version led to the duo receiving many letters from people asking when World Contact Day would be held. The song ultimately led to a successful Carpenters television special, \"The Carpenters... Space Encounters\". While Klaatu's original opens with various sounds of living species, the Carpenters' version opens with a radio DJ on a request show. The DJ identifies a phone caller as \"Mike Ledgerwood\". When the DJ asks Mike for his song request, an alien-sounding voice responds. The DJ is voiced by longstanding Carpenters' guitarist Tony Peluso, who can be seen in that role at the start of the video for this track. The vocal melody ranges from B\u266d3 to F\u266f5. The Carpenters' arrangement of the song was later copied on a sound-alike cover released on the 1977 album \"Top of the Pops, Volume 62\". The cover art was painted by designer Andrew Probert. The Carpenters had two music videos for \"Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft\": Notes References", "Mir Ghalib Hussain Domki Mir Ghalib Khan Domki or \u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0688\u0648\u0645\u06a9\u06cc is a politician and tribal leader in Sindh, Pakistan. Mir Ghalib Hussain Domki is chief Mukkaddim of Giloee clan of Domki tribe. Mir Ghalib Hussain Domki is one of the Wadera's of the Domki tribe in Sindh. He is elected as MPA from Kashmore District on PS-18 from 2008 to 2013 Mir Ghalib Hussain Domki was elected as MNA in 2000 and he was MPA and Minister in 1993-1996 (Ministry of Cultures and Youth Affairs) from PPP. Mir Ghalib Hussain Domki's father Mir Shah Ali Khan Domki was also elected as a MPA and he was candidate from Independent and he was first who won the seat all over Sindh from PPP and after winning MPA seat he went to PPP as they invited him. Khan Sahib Ali Bilawal Khan Domki the father of Mir Shah Ali Khan and the grand father of Mir Ghalib Hussain Domki. He was elected M.L.A before the independence of Pakistan. He was awarded the title of Khan Sahib by the British. www.pas.gov.pk/index.php/members/profile/en/19/221", "Horizon (Carpenters album) Horizon is the sixth studio album by American musical duo Carpenters. It was recorded at A&M Studios (mainly in Studio \"D\" using then-state-of-the-art 24-track recording technology, 30 Dolby, and recorded at 30 inches per second). The Carpenters spent many hours experimenting with different sounds, techniques and effects. After five consecutive albums peaking inside the US top five, \"Horizon\" broke this run by reaching no. 13. The album has been certified Platinum by the RIAA for shipments of 1 million copies. It was particularly successful in the United Kingdom and Japan, topping the charts and becoming one of the best-selling albums of 1975 in those countries. \" Horizon\" also reached no. 3 in New Zealand, no. 4 in Canada and no. 5 in Norway. The album's first single, \"Please Mr. Postman\" (released some seven months earlier), became the album's biggest hit single and also the Carpenters' biggest hit single worldwide. It reached no. 1 in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and South Africa, as well as reaching no. 2 in the UK and Ireland. This tune features Karen on drums and Tony Peluso on guitar solo. The following single, \"Only Yesterday\", was also a success, reaching no. 2 in Canada and France, no. 4 in the US, no. 5 in Ireland, no. 7 in the UK, no. 10 in New Zealand and was certified gold in Japan. The song also won the prestigious Grand Prix award in Japan. A third single, \"Solitaire\", reached no. 17 in the US and the top 40 in several other countries around the world. According to Richard, Karen never particularly liked the song. The Carpenters' version of this song leaves out lyrics included in the original.", "If I Had You (Carpenters song) \"If I Had You\" is a song recorded by singer Karen Carpenter during her solo sessions in New York with producer Phil Ramone for her subsequently shelved debut solo album. In 1989 \"If I Had You\" was released as a Karen Carpenter solo single (featuring Richard Carpenter's remix ending), along with \"The Uninvited Guest\" (an outtake from the Carpenters album \"Made In America\"), also credited as a Karen Carpenter solo, as its B-side (in Japan the B-side was \"Lovelines\", another track from Karen's solo album, also the title track from the 1989 Carpenters \"Lovelines\" album). The single was the first single from the Carpenters' album \"Lovelines\". As of 2016, this is also the last Carpenters single released to American radio. The single version has also appeared on numerous Carpenters compilations since its release. The single reached number 18 on the 'Billboard\" Adult Contemporary Chart. The original version, featuring the fade-out ending has only appeared on Karen Carpenter's 1996 solo album."], "answer": {"text": "released on October 9, 1969, to a positive critical reception;", "answer_start": 629}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did The Carpenters' first single release?", "answer": {"text": "October 9, 1969,", "answer_start": 641, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What was the name of the single?", "answer": {"text": "\"All of My Life\" and \"Eve\",", "answer_start": 518, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_f4527e9a35804acd812640e853ebdf12_1_q#3", "question": "Where did they peak on the billboards?", "rewrite": "Where did The Carpenters peak on the billboards?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1965, the Highway Beautification Act was signed into law. The act applied only to \"Federal Aid Primary\" and \"Defense\" highways and limited billboards to commercial and industrial zones created by states and municipalities. It required each state to set standards based on \"customary use\" for the size, lighting and spacing of billboards, and prohibited city and state governments from removing billboards without paying compensation to the owner. The act requires states to maintain \"effective control\" of billboards or lose 10% of their federal highway dollars. The act also required the screening of junk yards adjacent to regulated highways. Around major holidays, volunteer groups erected highway signs offering free coffee at rest stops. These were specifically exempted in the act. Currently, four states\u2014Vermont, Alaska, Hawaii, and Maine\u2014have prohibited billboards. Vermont's law went into effect in 1968, Hawaii's law went into effect in 1927, Maine's law went into effect in 1977, and Alaska's law went into effect upon its achievement of statehood in 1959. In the UK, billboards are controlled as adverts as part of the planning system. To display an illegal advert (that is, without planning permission) is a criminal offence with a fine of up to \u00a32500 per offence (per poster). All of the large UK outdoor advertisers such as CBS Outdoor, JCDecaux, Clear Channel, Titan and Primesight have numerous convictions for such crimes. In S\u00e3o Paulo, a city of twelve million in Brazil, Billboards and advertising on vehicles have been banned since January 2007. It also restricted the dimensions of advertising on shop fronts. In British Columbia, a province of Canada, billboards are restricted to 300m away from roadways, the government also retains the right to remove any billboard it deems an unsafe distraction.", "In the US, many cities enacted laws banning billboards as early as 1909 (California Supreme Court, \"Varney & Green vs. Williams\") but the First Amendment has made this difficult. A San Diego law championed by Pete Wilson in 1971 cited traffic safety and driver distraction as the reason for the billboard ban, but was narrowly overturned by the Supreme Court in 1981, in part because it banned non-commercial as well as commercial billboards. Billboards have long been accused of distracting drivers and causing accidents. This may not necessarily be true, as a study by researchers at the University of North Carolina showed. Released in June 2001, the researchers prepared a thorough report on driver distraction for the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. This study said: \"The search appears to suggest that some items\u2014such as CB radios, billboards, and temperature controls\u2014are not significant distractions.\" Traffic safety experts have studied the relationship between outdoor advertising and traffic accidents since the 1950s, finding no authoritative or scientific evidence that billboards are linked to traffic accidents. However, many of these studies were funded by the Outdoor Advertising Association of America, which has led to accusations of bias. The methodology used in certain studies is also questionable. The US Department of Transportation, State Department of Transportation and property/casualty insurance companies statistics on fatal accidents indicate no correlation between billboards and traffic accidents. A broad sampling of law enforcement agencies across the country found no evidence to suggest that motor vehicle accidents were caused by billboards. Property and casualty insurance companies have conducted detailed studies of traffic accident records and conclude no correlation between billboards and traffic accidents. However, studies based on correlations between traffic accidents and billboards face the problem of under-reporting: drivers are unwilling to admit responsibility for a crash, so will not admit to being distracted at a crucial moment.", "Common along highways are free-standing two-sided as well as three-sided billboards. Other types of billboards include the billboard bicycle attached to the back of a bicycle or the mobile billboard, a special advertising trailer to hoist big banners. Mechanical billboards display three different messages, with three advertisements attached to a conveyor inside the billboard. There are also three-dimensional billboards, such as the ones at Piccadilly Circus, London. Some of the most prominent billboards are alongside highways; since passing drivers typically have little to occupy their attention, the impact of the billboard is greater. Billboards are often drivers' primary method of finding lodging, food, and fuel on unfamiliar highways. There were approximately 450,000 billboards on US highways in 1991. Somewhere between 5,000 and 15,000 are erected each year. Current numbers are put at 368,263, according to the OAAA (outdoor Advertising Association of America). In Europe billboards are a major component and source of income in urban street furniture concepts. An interesting use of billboards unique to highways was the Burma-Shave advertisements between 1925 and 1963, which had 4- or 5-part messages on multiple signs, keeping the reader hooked by the promise of a punchline at the end. This example is in the National Museum of American History at the Smithsonian Institution: These sort of multi-sign advertisements are no longer common, though they are not extinct. One example, advertising for the NCAA, depicts a basketball player aiming a shot on one billboard; on the next one, 90 yards (82 meters) away, is the basket. Another example is the numerous billboards advertising the roadside attraction South of the Border near Dillon, SC, along I-95 in many states. Many cities have high densities of billboards, especially where there is dense pedestrian traffic\u2014", "Times Square in New York City is a good example. Because of the lack of space in cities, these billboards are placed on the sides of buildings and sometimes are free-standing billboards hanging above buildings. Billboards on the sides of buildings create different stylistic opportunities, with artwork that incorporates features of the building into the design, such as using windows as eyes, or for gigantic frescoes that adorn the entire building. Many groups such as Scenic America have complained that billboards on highways cause excessive clearing of trees and intrude on the surrounding landscape, with billboards' bright colors, lights and large fonts making it difficult to focus on anything else, making them a form of visual pollution. Other groups believe that billboards and advertising contribute negatively to the mental climate of a culture by promoting products as providing feelings of completeness, wellness and popularity to motivate purchase. One focal point for this sentiment would be the magazine AdBusters, which will often showcase politically motivated billboard and other advertising vandalism, called culture jamming. In 2000, rooftops in Athens had grown so thick with billboards that it was difficult to see its famous architecture. In preparation for the 2004 Summer Olympics, the city embarked on a successful four-year project demolishing the majority of rooftop billboards to beautify the city, overcoming resistance from advertisers and building owners. Most of these billboards were illegal, but had been ignored until then. In 2007, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil instituted a billboard ban because there were no viable regulations of the billboard industry. Today, S\u00e3o Paulo is working with outdoor companies to rebuild the outdoor infrastructure in a way that will reflect the vibrant business climate of the city while adopting good regulations to control growth. Individuals and groups have vandalized billboards worldwide.", "Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft \"Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft\" is a song by Klaatu, originally released in 1976 on their first album \"\". The song would open night transmission of the pirate radio station Radio Caroline. The year following its release, the Carpenters covered the song, using a crew of 160 musicians. The Carpenters' version reached the top 10 in the UK and Canada, and charted at number 1 in Ireland. John Woloschuk, a member of Klaatu and one of the song's composers, has said: The Carpenters' version from their \"Passage\" album charted worldwide and appeared on several of their hits compilations. The song title appears on the Carpenters' version above the tagline \"(The Recognized Anthem Of World Contact Day)\". The success of their version led to the duo receiving many letters from people asking when World Contact Day would be held. The song ultimately led to a successful Carpenters television special, \"The Carpenters... Space Encounters\". While Klaatu's original opens with various sounds of living species, the Carpenters' version opens with a radio DJ on a request show. The DJ identifies a phone caller as \"Mike Ledgerwood\". When the DJ asks Mike for his song request, an alien-sounding voice responds. The DJ is voiced by longstanding Carpenters' guitarist Tony Peluso, who can be seen in that role at the start of the video for this track. The vocal melody ranges from B\u266d3 to F\u266f5. The Carpenters' arrangement of the song was later copied on a sound-alike cover released on the 1977 album \"Top of the Pops, Volume 62\". The cover art was painted by designer Andrew Probert. The Carpenters had two music videos for \"Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft\": Notes References"], "answer": {"text": "Ticket to Ride\" was released as a single on November 5, and became a minor hit for the Carpenters, peaking at No. 54", "answer_start": 805}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did The Carpenters' first single release?", "answer": {"text": "October 9, 1969,", "answer_start": 641, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What was the name of the single?", "answer": {"text": "\"All of My Life\" and \"Eve\",", "answer_start": 518, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Were they successful?", "answer": {"text": "released on October 9, 1969, to a positive critical reception;", "answer_start": 629, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_f4527e9a35804acd812640e853ebdf12_1_q#4", "question": "What was the next single they released in this time period?", "rewrite": "What was The Carpenters's next single released after \"Ticket to Ride\"?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Carpenters discography The discography of the American pop group the Carpenters consists of 12 studio albums, two Christmas albums, two live albums, 46 singles, and numerous compilation albums. The duo was made up of siblings Karen (lead vocals and drums) and Richard Carpenter (keyboards and vocals). The siblings started their musical career together in the latter half of the 1960s. In October 1969, six months after they signed a contract with A&M Records, the Carpenters released their debut album \"Offering\" (its title was later changed to \"Ticket to Ride\"). Within a year, they rose to prominence with their chart-topping single \"(They Long to Be) Close to You\", a Burt Bacharach and Hal David composition that had not been commercially successful when it was recorded by television star Richard Chamberlain in 1963. The Carpenters garnered worldwide commercial success, scoring big hits mainly in the first half of the 1970s. RIAA-certified sales of their records (albums, singles and videos) have been estimated at around 34.6 million units. In the United Kingdom, they are ranked as the seventh top-selling albums artist on the official record chart of the 1970s. They have also been the third-best-selling international music act in the Japanese market, only behind Mariah Carey and the Beatles. By 2005, they had reportedly sold more than 100 million copies of records worldwide. Throughout their career, the Carpenters released 14 original albums, including two Christmas offerings. Most recently they released \"As Time Goes By\" in 2001 in Japan, and 2004 internationally. There are two live albums that the Carpenters have released officially, though neither of them were issued in their homeland. Following releases are \"greatest-hits\" albums of the Carpenters released in the United States and/or the United Kingdom. \"\u2014\" denotes releases that did not chart.", "Ticket to Ride (album) Ticket to Ride is the first studio album by American music duo the Carpenters. At the time of its initial release in 1969, it was issued under the title Offering, with a completely different cover photo. It was a commercial failure and produced only one minor hit single, a ballad version of the Lennon-McCartney song \"Ticket to Ride\". After the Carpenters' subsequent breakthrough, however, the album was reissued internationally under the name \"Ticket to Ride\" and sold moderately. The CD in the \"Remastered Classics\" series went out of print in March 2007. However, in Japan, the \"Pack Series\" released the \"Ticket to Ride\" and \"Close to You\" CDs together. The album is far more self-contained than other Carpenters albums; excluding the orchestrations, bass by Joe Osborn and occasional guitar from Gary Sims, most of the instruments were played by Karen and Richard Carpenter themselves - drums and keyboards respectively - and 10 of the 13 songs were written by Richard and his lyricist John Bettis. It also stands out from subsequent Carpenters albums in that the lead vocals are evenly split between the two band members; on later albums, Karen Carpenter would perform most of the lead vocals and this is one of two albums where Karen provided virtually all of the drumming, the other being \"Now & Then\", released in 1973. All lead vocals by Karen Carpenter except where noted; all tracks written by Richard Carpenter and John Bettis, except where noted.", "The Carpenters remade \"There's a Kind of Hush\"\u2014as \"There's a Kind of Hush (All Over the World)\"\u2014for their 1976 album release \"A Kind of Hush\" for which it served as lead single, reaching No. 12 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and affording the Carpenters' their thirteenth No. 1 on the easy listening chart. The single's lack of comparative success indicated a drop in the Carpenters' popularity, it being the first lead single from a mainstream Carpenters' album to fall short of the Top 5 since \"Ticket to Ride\" from the group's 1969 debut album \"Offering\", while the No. 33 chart peak of the \"A Kind of Hush\" album afforded the Carpenters' their first Top 20 shortfall since \"Offering\" (\"Horizon\" would prove to be their last album to reach the top 20 in the United States). \"There's a Kind of Hush\" would remain the Carpenters' final top twenty hit until 1981's \"Touch Me When We're Dancing\". Richard Carpenter explained in the liner notes to the Carpenters' 2004 best-of compilation, \"Gold\", that although he and Karen Carpenter loved the song, he was not particularly pleased with how their remake turned out: \"...one of Karen's and my favorite songs from the '60s. In hindsight, however, even though our version was a hit, I wish we'd never recorded it. Here are three reasons why: (1) The original was, and is, perfectly fine. (2) Our foray into the oldies should have ended with the medley featured on side 2 of \"Now & Then\", 1973. (3)", "The label recommended that Jack Daugherty should produce it, though those present have since suggested that Richard was the de facto producer. Most of the album's material had already been written for and performed with Spectrum; \"Your Wonderful Parade\" and \"All I Can Do\" both came from demos recorded with Osborn. Richard rearranged the Beatles' \"Ticket to Ride\" in a melancholic ballad style. Osborn played bass on the album, and would continue to do so throughout the Carpenters' career. Karen also played bass on \"All of My Life\" and \"Eve\", after being taught the relevant parts by Osborn. The album, entitled Offering, was released on October 9, 1969, to a positive critical reception; one review in Billboard said \"With radio programming support, Carpenters should have a big hit on their hands.\" \"Ticket to Ride\" was released as a single on November 5, and became a minor hit for the Carpenters, peaking at No. 54 on the Billboard Hot 100 and the Top 20 of the Adult Contemporary chart. The album only sold 18,000 copies on its initial run, at a loss for A&M, but after the Carpenters' subsequent breakthrough the album was repackaged and reissued internationally under the name Ticket to Ride and sold 250,000 copies. The Carpenters did not record a new album in 1974. They had been touring extensively and were exhausted; Richard later said, \"there was simply no time to make one. Nor was I in the mood.\" Tensions had erupted in the family unit; Richard had started dating the group's hairdresser but neither Agnes or Karen took kindly to her and she ultimately ended the relationship and quit the band's services. Agnes had always considered Richard to be her favorite child, which did not sit well with Karen.", "In the summer of 1969 \"Ticket to Ride\" was covered by the American pop music duo the Carpenters for their debut studio album \"Offering\". Richard Carpenter recalled: \"I happened to hear [the song] being played as an oldie one day in early 1969, and upon hearing it this particular time, decided the tune would make a nice ballad.\" As arranged by Richard Carpenter, the song became the plaint of a castoff lover, with the opening line: \"I think I'm gonna be sad\", being sung repeatedly as the track fades. The line-up on the recording was Karen Carpenter (lead and backing vocals, drums), Richard Carpenter (backing vocals, piano, Wurlitzer electric piano, orchestration), Joe Osborn (bass), David Duke (French horn), Herb Alpert (shaker) and uncredited contributors on bell tree and tubular bells. Released as a single \u2013 without the album track's introductory twelve measures \u2013 \"Ticket to Ride\" became the Carpenters' first charting single, peaking at number 54 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in May 1970 and reaching number 19 on the same magazine's Adult Contemporary chart. The single's success led to its parent album being reissued as \"Ticket to Ride\". The first Carpenters' retrospective, \"\", issued in 1973, featured an amended version of \"Ticket to Ride\" with a new lead vocal by Karen Carpenter. Other amendments were a new drum track by Karen to replace her drumming on the original track, and the addition of guitar work by Carpenters regular sideman Tony Peluso (who had not been attached to the group in 1969). The song was covered by former Motown artist Mary Wells, a favourite of the Beatles, who had invited her to open their concerts during a 1964 UK tour."], "answer": {"text": "the pair released just one single, \"I Won't Last a Day Without You\" from A Song for You.", "answer_start": 287}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did The Carpenters' first single release?", "answer": {"text": "October 9, 1969,", "answer_start": 641, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What was the name of the single?", "answer": {"text": "\"All of My Life\" and \"Eve\",", "answer_start": 518, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Were they successful?", "answer": {"text": "released on October 9, 1969, to a positive critical reception;", "answer_start": 629, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Where did they peak on the billboards?", "answer": {"text": "Ticket to Ride\" was released as a single on November 5, and became a minor hit for the Carpenters, peaking at No. 54", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_f4527e9a35804acd812640e853ebdf12_1_q#6", "question": "Did it chart on the billboards?", "rewrite": "Did \"I wont last a day without you\" chart on the billboards?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Doughnut (economic model) The Doughnut, or Doughnut economics, is an visual framework for sustainable development \u2013 shaped like a doughnut \u2013 combining the concept of planetary boundaries with the complementary concept of social boundaries. The framework was proposed to regard the performance of an economy by the extent to which the needs of people are met without overshooting Earth's ecological ceiling. The name derives from the shape of the diagram, i.e. a circle with a hole in the middle. The centre hole of the model depicts the proportion of people that lack access to life's essentials (healthcare, education, equity and so on) while the crust represents the ecological ceilings (planetary boundaries) that life depends on and must not be overshot. Consequently, an economy is considered prosperous when all twelve social foundations are met without overshooting any of the nine ecological ceilings. This situation is represented by the area between the two rings, namely the safe and just space for humanity. The diagram was developed by Oxford economist Kate Raworth in the Oxfam paper \"A Safe and Just Space for Humanity\" and elaborated upon in her book \"\". The social foundations are inspired by the social aims of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. These are: The nine ecological ceilings are from the planetary boundaries put forward by a group of Earth-system scientists led by Johan Rockstr\u00f6m and Will Steffen. These are: In \"Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist\", Raworth draws the doughnut of the world economy as follows. On the social foundation, no life-essential is met for everyone. Mostly health, political voice and social equity are under the just space. Of the ecological ceilings, climate change, nitrogen and phosphorus loading, land conversion and biodiversity loss are overshot while ozone layer depletion, ocean acidification and freshwater withdrawals are within the planetary boundaries.", "A Day Without Rain A Day Without Rain is the fifth studio album by the Irish singer, songwriter and musician Enya, released on 20 November 2000 by WEA Records in Europe and 21 November 2000 by Reprise Records in the United States. Following a promotional tour in support of her compilation album \"Paint the Sky with Stars\" (1997), Enya took a short break before she resumed writing and recording a new album in 1998 with her usual recording partners, producer and arranger Nicky Ryan and his wife, lyricist Roma Ryan. In a musical departure from her previous albums, Enya incorporates a string section which was not a conscious decision. \"A Day Without Rain\" received mixed reviews from critics; some felt it too derivative of Enya's previous albums whilst others complimented the minimal use of overdubbing that her sound had become known for. It was a commercial success peaking at number six in the United Kingdom and initially, number seventeen on the \"Billboard\" 200 in the United States. Following the 11 September 2001 attacks, sales of the album and its lead single, \"Only Time\", skyrocketed after it was used by several radio and television networks in their coverage and aftermath of the attacks. As a result, \"Only Time\" climbed to number ten on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart and \"A Day Without Rain\" reached a new peak on the \"Billboard\" 200 at number two. It became the fifth highest selling album of 2001 in the United States, and the best selling new age album of all time with an estimated 16 million copies sold worldwide. It remains Enya's highest selling album of her career. To promote the album, Enya made several interviews and televised performances, including the 2001 World Music Awards. In 2002, the album won Enya her third Grammy Award for Best New Age Album.", "I Won't Last a Day Without You \"I Won't Last a Day Without You\" is a song with lyrics written by Paul Williams and music composed by Roger Nichols. It became a hit single for the Carpenters in 1974, reaching number 11 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and number one on the easy listening chart. It was the Carpenters' ninth number one on the easy listening chart. In 1972, Richard Carpenter had learned of a new song by Williams and Nichols, who had already contributed \"We've Only Just Begun\" and \"Rainy Days and Mondays\" to the Carpenters. He included it on their 1972 album \"A Song for You\", but it would not be released as a single until 1974. Before then, Diana Ross heard it and included it on her 1973 album \"Touch Me in the Morning\", as well as the B side of the title track single release, which became a number-one hit. Williams released his version as a single in 1973, but garnered only minor success. Maureen McGovern recorded the song and also released it as a single in 1973 (and included on her album \"The Morning After\"), reaching #89 \"Billboard\", #72 \"Cash Box\" and #14 Adult Contemporary. In Canada, her version reached #12 AC. The Carpenters' version was released as a single the following year. Many other versions of the song have been recorded by famous artists. Among the most notable of the cover versions is Al Wilson's recording for his 1974 album \"La La Peace Song\" which featured \"I Won't Last a Day Without You\" in a medley with another Nichols/Williams composition: \"Let Me Be the One\".", "CAF) Airshow in Midland, Texas. Abi received 14 nominations and won 5 titles at the 2013 Indie Music Channel Awards. In 2017, Abi's single \u2018Matches\u2019 quickly caught fire scoring her a spot on CMT\u2019s Artist Discovery Program, earned her 8+ weeks of airplay on CMT music, and generated over 150,000 views on Vevo. In May 2018, Abi premiered her new single, \"A Day Without\" with \"Taste of Country.\" The catchy yet heartfelt song was co-written by Andrew Dorff, Jimmy Robbins and Lucie Silvas and was immediately named one of \"Rolling Stones Country's\" \"10 Best Country Songs of the Week.\" \"A Day Without\" has generated over 75,000 streams on Apple Music as of August 2018. On July 30, 2018 \"A Day Without\" debuted at number 59 on the Billboard Country Music Indicator chart. The song was only one of three new songs debuted on the chart that week. The others included Brett Eldredge's \"Love Someone\" and Blake Shelton's \"Turnin' Me On.\" Since the release, \"A Day Without\" has been featured in several credited playlists listed below.", "Day Without Art Day Without Art (DWA) is an annual event where art museums and other organizations organize programs to raise awareness of AIDS, remember people who have died, and inspire POSITIVE action. Day Without Art began on December 1, 1989 as the national day of action and mourning in response to the AIDS crisis, which had rapidly hurt the artistic community. Jane Alexander, the Chairman of the National Endowment of the Arts in 1993, describes the day as a \"powerful symbol of the devastating effect of AIDS on the arts community. This day reinforces the vitality and power art brings to our daily lives by showing how the absence of art leaves a void of spirit. \" The day coincides with World AIDS Day, which began the year before in 1988. To make the public aware that AIDS can touch everyone, and inspire positive action, some 800 U.S. art and AIDS groups participated in the first Day Without Art, shutting down museums, sending staff to volunteer at AIDS services, or sponsoring special exhibitions of work about AIDS. Since then, Day With(out) Art has grown into a collaborative project in which an estimated 8,000 national and international museums, galleries, art centers, AIDS service organizations, libraries, high schools and colleges take part. The memorial was initiated by a New York group called \"Visual AIDS,\" who spurred public actions and programs, published an annual poster and copyright-free broadsides, and acted as press coordinator and clearing house for projects for Day Without Art/World AIDS Day. In 1997, it was suggested Day Without Art become a Day \"With\" Art, to recognize and promote increased programming of cultural events that draw attention to the continuing pandemic. Though \"the name was retained as a metaphor for the chilling possibility of a future day without art or artists\", we added parentheses to the program title, Day With(out)"], "answer": {"text": "reaching No. 11 on the Hot 100 in May.", "answer_start": 639}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did The Carpenters' first single release?", "answer": {"text": "October 9, 1969,", "answer_start": 641, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What was the name of the single?", "answer": {"text": "\"All of My Life\" and \"Eve\",", "answer_start": 518, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Were they successful?", "answer": {"text": "released on October 9, 1969, to a positive critical reception;", "answer_start": 629, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Where did they peak on the billboards?", "answer": {"text": "Ticket to Ride\" was released as a single on November 5, and became a minor hit for the Carpenters, peaking at No. 54", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What was the next single they released in this time period?", "answer": {"text": "the pair released just one single, \"I Won't Last a Day Without You\" from A Song for You.", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What date was \"I wont last a day without you\" released?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f4527e9a35804acd812640e853ebdf12_1_q#8", "question": "Which single was the most successful?", "rewrite": "Which single by The Carpenters was the most successful?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Worshipful Company of Carpenters The Worshipful Company of Carpenters is a livery company of the City of London. The Carpenters were traditionally different from a fellow wood-crafting company, the Worshipful Company of Joiners and Ceilers, in that carpenters utilised nails while joiners used adhesives to attach wood. The organisation existed in 1271; it received a Royal Charter of incorporation in 1477. As is the case with most of the other livery companies, the Company no longer has a role as a trade association of tradesmen and craftsmen. Instead, it acts as a charitable institution and supports education in wood-related fields. In 1767 the Company purchased an estate at Stratford, London. In 1886 it opened an evening institute on the Carpenters Estate there, offering classes in carpentry, joinery, plumbing, geometry, mechanical drawing and cookery. In 1891, the Carpenter's Institute had become a day school for boys. The school closed in 1905 when the local authority opened its own school. The Company ranks twenty-sixth in the order of precedence of livery companies. The Company's motto is \"Honour God\". Its guild church is All Hallows-on-the-Wall, where the Company has held its annual elections for over 600 years. The livery hall, Carpenters Hall, is at Throgmorton Avenue; it is a Grade II listed building. Founded in 1724, the Carpenters' Company of the City and County of Philadelphia was modelled after the Worshipful Company of Carpenters. Carpenters Company in London", "Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft \"Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft\" is a song by Klaatu, originally released in 1976 on their first album \"\". The song would open night transmission of the pirate radio station Radio Caroline. The year following its release, the Carpenters covered the song, using a crew of 160 musicians. The Carpenters' version reached the top 10 in the UK and Canada, and charted at number 1 in Ireland. John Woloschuk, a member of Klaatu and one of the song's composers, has said: The Carpenters' version from their \"Passage\" album charted worldwide and appeared on several of their hits compilations. The song title appears on the Carpenters' version above the tagline \"(The Recognized Anthem Of World Contact Day)\". The success of their version led to the duo receiving many letters from people asking when World Contact Day would be held. The song ultimately led to a successful Carpenters television special, \"The Carpenters... Space Encounters\". While Klaatu's original opens with various sounds of living species, the Carpenters' version opens with a radio DJ on a request show. The DJ identifies a phone caller as \"Mike Ledgerwood\". When the DJ asks Mike for his song request, an alien-sounding voice responds. The DJ is voiced by longstanding Carpenters' guitarist Tony Peluso, who can be seen in that role at the start of the video for this track. The vocal melody ranges from B\u266d3 to F\u266f5. The Carpenters' arrangement of the song was later copied on a sound-alike cover released on the 1977 album \"Top of the Pops, Volume 62\". The cover art was painted by designer Andrew Probert. The Carpenters had two music videos for \"Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft\": Notes References", "This involvement in civic life extended to politics as well, as later on virtually the entire Company membership actively supported the American Revolution and most of the members volunteered to serve in the American army. In 1770, after decades in existence, the Company voted to build a meeting space and headquarters. That project would become Carpenters\u2019 Hall, which just months after completion in 1774 came to serve as the meeting ground not just for the First Continental Congress, but also later for Benjamin Franklin \u2019s negotiations with French spy Julien Alexandre Achard de Bonvouloir and the site for Franklin\u2019s Library Company. Carpenters\u2019 Hall itself was designed and built by Carpenters\u2019 Company member Robert Smith, who today is acknowledged as \u201cone of the most prominent and skilled architect/builders in colonial America.\u201d As Philadelphia grew and prospered in the 19th and 20th centuries, Carpenters\u2019 Company members continued their involvement in the creation of important public buildings both in and outside of Philadelphia. Philadelphia City Hall, Reading Terminal and more recent projects at prestigious centers of higher education like the University of Pennsylvania, Bryn Mawr College and Temple University were all shaped by Carpenters\u2019 Company members. The Carpenters\u2019 Company sponsored a school of architecture in the 19th century for which they assembled an impressive collection of architectural pattern books for the use of members, their apprentices and the students. This collection survives intact and constitutes one of the finest pre-Civil War architectural libraries in the United States. Due to the rare and fragile nature of the individual items, the library is not open to the public except by special permission. Nearing its 300th anniversary, The Carpenters\u2019 Company remains an active and influential organization. In addition to preserving and maintaining Carpenters\u2019 Hall, the Company serves as an important forum for cooperation amongst many of Philadelphia's most successful architects, structural engineers and builders.", "The Carpenters discography The discography of the American pop group the Carpenters consists of 12 studio albums, two Christmas albums, two live albums, 46 singles, and numerous compilation albums. The duo was made up of siblings Karen (lead vocals and drums) and Richard Carpenter (keyboards and vocals). The siblings started their musical career together in the latter half of the 1960s. In October 1969, six months after they signed a contract with A&M Records, the Carpenters released their debut album \"Offering\" (its title was later changed to \"Ticket to Ride\"). Within a year, they rose to prominence with their chart-topping single \"(They Long to Be) Close to You\", a Burt Bacharach and Hal David composition that had not been commercially successful when it was recorded by television star Richard Chamberlain in 1963. The Carpenters garnered worldwide commercial success, scoring big hits mainly in the first half of the 1970s. RIAA-certified sales of their records (albums, singles and videos) have been estimated at around 34.6 million units. In the United Kingdom, they are ranked as the seventh top-selling albums artist on the official record chart of the 1970s. They have also been the third-best-selling international music act in the Japanese market, only behind Mariah Carey and the Beatles. By 2005, they had reportedly sold more than 100 million copies of records worldwide. Throughout their career, the Carpenters released 14 original albums, including two Christmas offerings. Most recently they released \"As Time Goes By\" in 2001 in Japan, and 2004 internationally. There are two live albums that the Carpenters have released officially, though neither of them were issued in their homeland. Following releases are \"greatest-hits\" albums of the Carpenters released in the United States and/or the United Kingdom. \"\u2014\" denotes releases that did not chart.", "Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners The Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners (ASC&J) was a New Model Trade Union in the 1860s in the United Kingdom, representing carpenters and joiners. The formation of the Society was spurred by the Stonemason's strike, 1859, which succeeded in winning a nine-hour day. In 1860, a number of small societies formed the Amalgamated. Robert Applegarth was the general secretary from 1862 to 1871. The union also established branches in the United States, Australia, and Canada. The United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America took over its U.S. branches in 1913, and the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners took over its Australian branches in 1917. By 1892, the union had 37,588 members, and by 1900 it had 65,000. It merged with or absorbed a number of smaller unions including the Carpenters of Dublin, the Carpenteres of Cork, the Mersey Ship Joiners and other small unions in Britain and Ireland in the 1890s. In 1911, it merged with the Associated Carpenters and Joiners of Scotland, while in 1918 the Amalgamated Union of Cabinetmakers joined the union, which renamed itself as the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters, Cabinetmakers and Joiners. In 1921, the union merged with the General Union of Carpenters and Joiners, forming the Amalgamated Society of Woodworkers The union sponsored Labour Party candidates in each Parliamentary election from 1906 onwards."], "answer": {"text": "\"I Won't Last a Day Without You", "answer_start": 322}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did The Carpenters' first single release?", "answer": {"text": "October 9, 1969,", "answer_start": 641, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What was the name of the single?", "answer": {"text": "\"All of My Life\" and \"Eve\",", "answer_start": 518, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Were they successful?", "answer": {"text": "released on October 9, 1969, to a positive critical reception;", "answer_start": 629, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Where did they peak on the billboards?", "answer": {"text": "Ticket to Ride\" was released as a single on November 5, and became a minor hit for the Carpenters, peaking at No. 54", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What was the next single they released in this time period?", "answer": {"text": "the pair released just one single, \"I Won't Last a Day Without You\" from A Song for You.", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What date was \"I wont last a day without you\" released?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it chart on the billboards?", "answer": {"text": "reaching No. 11 on the Hot 100 in May.", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Was there any other singles of note ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f4527e9a35804acd812640e853ebdf12_1_q#9", "question": "Was it well received?", "rewrite": "Was \"I Won't Last a Day Without You\" well received?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["I Won't Last a Day Without You \"I Won't Last a Day Without You\" is a song with lyrics written by Paul Williams and music composed by Roger Nichols. It became a hit single for the Carpenters in 1974, reaching number 11 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and number one on the easy listening chart. It was the Carpenters' ninth number one on the easy listening chart. In 1972, Richard Carpenter had learned of a new song by Williams and Nichols, who had already contributed \"We've Only Just Begun\" and \"Rainy Days and Mondays\" to the Carpenters. He included it on their 1972 album \"A Song for You\", but it would not be released as a single until 1974. Before then, Diana Ross heard it and included it on her 1973 album \"Touch Me in the Morning\", as well as the B side of the title track single release, which became a number-one hit. Williams released his version as a single in 1973, but garnered only minor success. Maureen McGovern recorded the song and also released it as a single in 1973 (and included on her album \"The Morning After\"), reaching #89 \"Billboard\", #72 \"Cash Box\" and #14 Adult Contemporary. In Canada, her version reached #12 AC. The Carpenters' version was released as a single the following year. Many other versions of the song have been recorded by famous artists. Among the most notable of the cover versions is Al Wilson's recording for his 1974 album \"La La Peace Song\" which featured \"I Won't Last a Day Without You\" in a medley with another Nichols/Williams composition: \"Let Me Be the One\".", "CAF) Airshow in Midland, Texas. Abi received 14 nominations and won 5 titles at the 2013 Indie Music Channel Awards. In 2017, Abi's single \u2018Matches\u2019 quickly caught fire scoring her a spot on CMT\u2019s Artist Discovery Program, earned her 8+ weeks of airplay on CMT music, and generated over 150,000 views on Vevo. In May 2018, Abi premiered her new single, \"A Day Without\" with \"Taste of Country.\" The catchy yet heartfelt song was co-written by Andrew Dorff, Jimmy Robbins and Lucie Silvas and was immediately named one of \"Rolling Stones Country's\" \"10 Best Country Songs of the Week.\" \"A Day Without\" has generated over 75,000 streams on Apple Music as of August 2018. On July 30, 2018 \"A Day Without\" debuted at number 59 on the Billboard Country Music Indicator chart. The song was only one of three new songs debuted on the chart that week. The others included Brett Eldredge's \"Love Someone\" and Blake Shelton's \"Turnin' Me On.\" Since the release, \"A Day Without\" has been featured in several credited playlists listed below.", "On October 14, 2008, Gold Typhoon announced the album would be available for pre-order on October 17 and officially released on October 31. On October 20, 2008, the album's lead track \"I Won't Last a Day Without You\" was released. On October 30, 2008, Gold Typhoon released the music video of \"I Won't Last a Day Without You\", it was directed by Marlboro Lai and featured Taiwanese actor Nathon Yang. The album debuted at number one on the weekly Western-language record charts of Five Music and G-Music in Taiwan. On November 23, 2008, the music video of \"When You Say Nothing at All\" was released by Gold Typhoon, it was directed by Hooya Chen. On November 28, 2008, Gold Typhoon released the LOHAS edition of the album. In December 2008, the music video of \"Lady Marmalade\" was released, and it was directed by Hooya Production. As of December 31, 2008, the album has sold more than 30,000 copies in Taiwan without any actual promotion, and it became the best-selling Western-language album of the year in the region. The track \"I Won't Last a Day Without You\" reached number seven on the Hit FM Top 100 Singles of the Year. Writing for NetEase, Lin Juli described: \"The production is very similar to the original, the music arraignment is traditional, basically there is nothing special from the original version.\" NetEase's Cabin wrote: \"Although the album was forced to be released due to the approval procedure, leading to the low sales. The cover album includes ten English love songs around Tsai's love feelings, and it's the album's so-called 'concept'.", "Day Without Art Day Without Art (DWA) is an annual event where art museums and other organizations organize programs to raise awareness of AIDS, remember people who have died, and inspire POSITIVE action. Day Without Art began on December 1, 1989 as the national day of action and mourning in response to the AIDS crisis, which had rapidly hurt the artistic community. Jane Alexander, the Chairman of the National Endowment of the Arts in 1993, describes the day as a \"powerful symbol of the devastating effect of AIDS on the arts community. This day reinforces the vitality and power art brings to our daily lives by showing how the absence of art leaves a void of spirit. \" The day coincides with World AIDS Day, which began the year before in 1988. To make the public aware that AIDS can touch everyone, and inspire positive action, some 800 U.S. art and AIDS groups participated in the first Day Without Art, shutting down museums, sending staff to volunteer at AIDS services, or sponsoring special exhibitions of work about AIDS. Since then, Day With(out) Art has grown into a collaborative project in which an estimated 8,000 national and international museums, galleries, art centers, AIDS service organizations, libraries, high schools and colleges take part. The memorial was initiated by a New York group called \"Visual AIDS,\" who spurred public actions and programs, published an annual poster and copyright-free broadsides, and acted as press coordinator and clearing house for projects for Day Without Art/World AIDS Day. In 1997, it was suggested Day Without Art become a Day \"With\" Art, to recognize and promote increased programming of cultural events that draw attention to the continuing pandemic. Though \"the name was retained as a metaphor for the chilling possibility of a future day without art or artists\", we added parentheses to the program title, Day With(out)", "A Day Without Rain A Day Without Rain is the fifth studio album by the Irish singer, songwriter and musician Enya, released on 20 November 2000 by WEA Records in Europe and 21 November 2000 by Reprise Records in the United States. Following a promotional tour in support of her compilation album \"Paint the Sky with Stars\" (1997), Enya took a short break before she resumed writing and recording a new album in 1998 with her usual recording partners, producer and arranger Nicky Ryan and his wife, lyricist Roma Ryan. In a musical departure from her previous albums, Enya incorporates a string section which was not a conscious decision. \"A Day Without Rain\" received mixed reviews from critics; some felt it too derivative of Enya's previous albums whilst others complimented the minimal use of overdubbing that her sound had become known for. It was a commercial success peaking at number six in the United Kingdom and initially, number seventeen on the \"Billboard\" 200 in the United States. Following the 11 September 2001 attacks, sales of the album and its lead single, \"Only Time\", skyrocketed after it was used by several radio and television networks in their coverage and aftermath of the attacks. As a result, \"Only Time\" climbed to number ten on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart and \"A Day Without Rain\" reached a new peak on the \"Billboard\" 200 at number two. It became the fifth highest selling album of 2001 in the United States, and the best selling new age album of all time with an estimated 16 million copies sold worldwide. It remains Enya's highest selling album of her career. To promote the album, Enya made several interviews and televised performances, including the 2001 World Music Awards. In 2002, the album won Enya her third Grammy Award for Best New Age Album."], "answer": {"text": "became the fifth and final selection from the album to chart in the Top 20, reaching No. 11 on the Hot 100 in May.", "answer_start": 563}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did The Carpenters' first single release?", "answer": {"text": "October 9, 1969,", "answer_start": 641, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What was the name of the single?", "answer": {"text": "\"All of My Life\" and \"Eve\",", "answer_start": 518, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Were they successful?", "answer": {"text": "released on October 9, 1969, to a positive critical reception;", "answer_start": 629, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Where did they peak on the billboards?", "answer": {"text": "Ticket to Ride\" was released as a single on November 5, and became a minor hit for the Carpenters, peaking at No. 54", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What was the next single they released in this time period?", "answer": {"text": "the pair released just one single, \"I Won't Last a Day Without You\" from A Song for You.", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What date was \"I wont last a day without you\" released?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it chart on the billboards?", "answer": {"text": "reaching No. 11 on the Hot 100 in May.", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Was there any other singles of note ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which single was the most successful?", "answer": {"text": "\"I Won't Last a Day Without You", "answer_start": 322, "bid": 3}}]}
{"qid": "C_f4527e9a35804acd812640e853ebdf12_1_q#10", "question": "Is there anything interesting you can tell me about these singles?", "rewrite": "Is there anything interesting you can tell me about The Carpenters' singles?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Millan said in a number of interviews that the program is not a guide to training, but a demonstration of his rehabilitation techniques. Each episode begins with the statement, \"Do not attempt the techniques you are about to see without consulting a professional\" and repeats warnings that viewers should not attempt the behavior modification techniques at home. Viewers are introduced to the difficult dogs, and their owners, through home-movie style footage of their dogs engaging in the behavior its owners find problematic. A voice-over describes the situation briefly; the owners tell their story, and Millan arrives. Program publicity states that Millan does not review the \"audition\" videos of the dogs and has no advance knowledge of the situation unless the dog's behavior makes it a potential danger to Millan and the crew. Millan conducts an interview as the owners describe the issues at hand. Millan then usually offers suggestions on how the owners may alter their own habits to become a \"pack leader\" for their pet. He goes on to demonstrate behavior modification techniques with the dog and shows his expertise at establishing dominance over the troubled canine. Millan frequently brings one or more of his own dogs to a training session, which Millan describes as transferring another dog's \"balanced energy. \" Sometimes, the dog is taken to his Dog Psychology Center where it stays with Millan's own dogs for days or weeks. Each episode ends with a demonstration of the dog's altered behavior and the astonished pleasure of the owner. Episodes feature the owners and families whose dogs are being rehabilitated. In inviting submissions, the producers look for a wide variety of dog problems, including unusual phobias, obsessions, fearful behavior, aggression, or any other unique situations that Cesar could help transform. They ask owners for anything interesting or funny about their dog, and request a short video showing three instances of the problem behavior.", "The New Indian Express wrote, \"The quick change of locations, crisp editing and Simbu\u2019s screen presence hold up the film, which, otherwise, would have been a total downer. It was a knot with potential. Selva could have worked out the screenplay in a more interesting manner\". Sify wrote, \"there isn't anything interesting in it. Director V Selva fails to make it interesting, characterisation is weak and it drags big time\". Rediff gave 1.5 stars out of 5 and called the film \"a total waste of time\". IANS gave 1 star out of 5 and wrote, \"It is not because Ganesh plays the lead that \"Inga Enna Solludhu\" is unarguably boring, but because it is a shoddily written story that fails to entertain. It's a film that makes a success story look like a joke on screen\". Deccan Herald wrote, \"V T V Ganesh turns Inga Enna Solludhu into a putrefied ego trip, soaked in self-pity, thanks to director Vincent Selva pandering Ganesh\u2019s whims without much qualms about his own reputation\".", "Barot House Barot House is a suspense-drama film about an upper middle-class Indian family caught in the whirlwind of murder and crime. Amit Barot, the patriarch of the Barot House lives in a serene neighbourhood in Daman with his family comprising his wife, mother, and 4 children- a son and 3 daughters (and the fifth on the way!) Suddenly, the family is plagued with ill-fate and multiple killings start taking place in and around the Barot House. Things get complicated because everyone is a suspect. No-one can tell the guilty from the innocent. Trapped in the middle of this bloodfest, Amit and Bhavana's relationship is getting strained. Set in an interesting plot, it may seem like the mystery is solved but twists keep on coming but ends up just being a distraction. The police force doesn\u2019t do anything interesting than just pointing a person as guilty just because the person hasn\u2019t proved to be innocent. The plot has a reference to a few paintings which points towards massacre.", "James Reed with \"The Boston Globe\" gave it a mixed review, saying \"too many of the musicians pay their respects without adding anything interesting to the songs\" but was also in high praise of Reba McEntire and The Time Jumpers's rendition of \"If You\u2019re Not Gone Too Long\". Jody Rosen with \"Rolling Stone\" gave it a 3\u00bd rating, saying it had \"a steely spine\" and largely criticized Kid Rock's rendition of \"I Know How\", saying \"He doesn't know how (to sing this song), but his heart's in the right place\". Jessica Phillips with \"Country Weekly\" gave it a 4 star rating, noting Lee Ann Womack \u2019s, Gretchen Wilson's and Carrie Underwood's cover on the record. Dan MacIntosh with Roughstock also gave the release a 4 star rating, praising Carrie Underwood's performance, calling it \"one of the best, straight country performances we\u2019ve heard all year long\". Sony Music released \"Coal Miner's Daughter\" as recorded with Sheryl Crow and Miranda Lambert as a single and video. When the single charted on the Billboard singles chart it made Lynn the first female country recording artist to chart singles in six decades. The video was a top ten hit as voted by the fans on the GAC Top Twenty Video Countdown Show. Lynn, Crow and Lambert we're also nominated for a Country Music association, Academy of Country Music and CMT Video awards for this release. On the GAC Top 50 Videos of 2011 the video ranked #32. On the 2010 CMA Awards Loretta Lynn was honored for her 50-year career and the three women performed \"Coal Miner's Daughter\" on the awards telecast.", "The review singles out Schaeffer's character Sam as \"especially unappealing\" and points to Schaeffer's roles as creator, producer, writer and director as \"an object lesson in the wisdom of a system of checks and balances. \" Perhaps most damningly, in noting Schaeffer's experiences with addiction, the reviewer writes that \"just because you\u2019ve had an experience doesn\u2019t mean you have anything interesting to say about it or are able to articulate whatever interesting thing you have to say.\" New York Magazine called it the Best Show You Probably Never Watched. NBC used a clip from the second episode in \"The Most Outrageous TV Moments\". FX canceled \"Starved\" in October 2005. FX president John Landgraf told \"Variety\", \"The show had a lot of fans, so it was tough to choose [between it and \"It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia\"]. Ultimately, we felt that we're just not in a position to spread our resources. We launched our dramas one at a time, and launching two [comedies] like we did this summer just didn't work out as well.\""], "answer": {"text": "In place of a new album, their first greatest hits package was released, featuring new remixes of their singles, and newly recorded leads and bridges", "answer_start": 678}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did The Carpenters' first single release?", "answer": {"text": "October 9, 1969,", "answer_start": 641, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What was the name of the single?", "answer": {"text": "\"All of My Life\" and \"Eve\",", "answer_start": 518, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Were they successful?", "answer": {"text": "released on October 9, 1969, to a positive critical reception;", "answer_start": 629, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Where did they peak on the billboards?", "answer": {"text": "Ticket to Ride\" was released as a single on November 5, and became a minor hit for the Carpenters, peaking at No. 54", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What was the next single they released in this time period?", "answer": {"text": "the pair released just one single, \"I Won't Last a Day Without You\" from A Song for You.", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What date was \"I wont last a day without you\" released?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it chart on the billboards?", "answer": {"text": "reaching No. 11 on the Hot 100 in May.", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Was there any other singles of note ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which single was the most successful?", "answer": {"text": "\"I Won't Last a Day Without You", "answer_start": 322, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Was it well received?", "answer": {"text": "became the fifth and final selection from the album to chart in the Top 20, reaching No. 11 on the Hot 100 in May.", "answer_start": 563, "bid": 3}}]}
{"qid": "C_d69c956a90e849d093e1ff9c0f49614b_1_q#0", "question": "When was Dame Edna Everage invented?", "rewrite": "When was Dame Edna Everage invented?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Over a period of almost thirty years, from 1976 until 2003, the adult Madge Allsop was portrayed by at least six different people: Madge Allsop was first portrayed on television in 1976, when she appeared (played by actress Madeleine Orr) in an episode of the BBC series \"The Barry Humphries Show\". Following Orr's death in 1979, the role of Madge was re-cast. She appeared alongside Dame Edna on the BBC Parkinson show in 1982, with her face covered in bandages. The character was written into Humphries' 1987 film, \"Les Patterson Saves the World\", and was portrayed, as a one-off appearance, by Australian actress Connie Hobbs. Later that same year, Humphries announced his search for \"definitive Madge\", who would appear alongside Edna in his new BBC TV series, \" The Dame Edna Experience\". Of the audition, Humphries recalled, \"all of them tried too hard. Some were whimsical, some camp, but most were far too over the top to resemble an oppressed, inarticulate New Zealand spinster whom life had passed by.\" However, after they saw Emily Perry's understated performance, they knew that they had found the perfect Madge. As she later recalled, \"I did nothing at the audition, and I've done nothing ever since.\" Emily Perry's appearance on the Dame Edna Experience was well-received; she subsequently became the definitive Madge Allsop, reprising the role in many of Humphries' other TV specials, including \"One more Audience with Dame Edna Everage\" (1988), \"A Night on Mount Edna\" (1990), \"Dame Edna's Neighbourhood Watch\" (1992), \"Dame Edna's Hollywood\" (1993) and \"Dame Edna's Work Experience\" (1996).", "Dame Edna's Neighbourhood Watch Dame Edna's Neighbourhood Watch was a comic game show created by Barry Humphries for ITV in the UK. It was televised on Saturday nights. Hosted by the flamboyant Dame Edna Everage, on the surface, three members of her \"all-female, invitation-only audience\" would be randomly chosen to play a quiz game for fabulous prizes. (Prizes included a Ferrari, jewellery, and a box of chocolates with all the soft-centres removed, as well as work-out sessions with Edna's own \"personal trainer\", the hunky Roberto Bulges [pronounced \"Bul-JESS\"].) However, after selecting the lucky three contestants with her \"heat-seeking gladiolus\", which she also calls her \"purple possum pickers\" (\"possums\" being her affectionate nickname for her female guests), those chosen would be sent off to be \"made up and microphoned\" by Sister (nurse) Vedgegood, while Dame Edna explained the show to the remaining audience: a camera crew has been dispatched to the home of one of the three \"randomly selected\" contestants, and the quiz will be about the contents of their house. Once the three contestants have returned and have their buzzers, the quiz begins. The initial questions are easy, showing famous residences, such as the White House or Buckingham Palace, with Dame Edna asking the question \"Who lives here?\", but the third question would always be accompanied by pictures from the remote camera crew. Naturally, two of the contestants would be stumped, but the third, after recognising her own home, would be dragged up by Edna and turned into \"a consultant\". The show then began in earnest.", "The Adventures of Barry McKenzie The Adventures of Barry McKenzie is a 1972 Australian comedy film directed by Bruce Beresford and starring Barry Crocker, telling the story of an Australian 'yobbo' on his travels to the United Kingdom. Barry McKenzie was originally a character created by Barry Humphries for a cartoon strip in \"Private Eye\". It was the first Australian film to surpass one million dollars in Australian box office receipts. A sequel, \"Barry McKenzie Holds His Own\", was produced in 1974. Barry Humphries appears in several roles, including: a hippie, Barry McKenzie's psychiatrist Doctor de Lamphrey, and as Aunt Edna Everage (later Dame Edna Everage). Humphries would later achieve fame with the character of Dame Edna in the UK and US. The film was produced by Phillip Adams. Barry 'Bazza' McKenzie (Barry Crocker) travels to England with his aunt Edna Everage (Barry Humphries) to advance his cultural education. Bazza is a young Aussie fond of beer, Bondi and beautiful 'sheilas'. He settles in Earls Court, where his old friend Curly (Paul Bertram) has a flat. He gets drunk, is ripped off, insulted by pretentious Englishmen and exploited by record producers, religious charlatans and a BBC television producer (Peter Cook). He reluctantly leaves England under the orders of his aunt, after exposing himself on television. His final words on the plane home are, \"I was just starting to like the Poms!\" Bruce Beresford was living in London and knew Barry Humphries socially when he heard about government funding being given to Australian films. I said to Barry Humphries that we should do a script from the comic strip because they had money available to make films", "Later that year, when Humphries decided to cast \"the definitive Madge\" for his new TV series, \"The Dame Edna Experience\" , he auditioned many elderly actresses for what would be a recurring role. As he recalled, \"All of them tried too hard. Some were whimsical, some camp, but most were far too over the top to resemble an oppressed, inarticulate New Zealand spinster whom life had passed by. \" Perry herself later recalled: \"I did nothing at the audition, and I've done nothing since. \" Humphries paid tribute to Perry in the second volume of his autobiography, ascribing her with \"the rare gift of being able to do nothing in the face of overwhelming provocation\". Perry's portrayal of Madge Allsop in \"The Dame Edna Experience\" was well-received, and she subsequently reprised the role in many of Humphries' other TV specials, including \"One more Audience with Dame Edna Everage\" (1988), \" A Night on Mount Edna\" (1990), \"Dame Edna's Neighbourhood Watch\" (1992) and \"Dame Edna's Hollywood\" (1993). Madge became something of a cult figure \u2013 much to the apparent annoyance of Dame Edna \u2013 and appeared in a coffee commercial in the late 1980s. In 1997, she made a memorable appearance as Madge Allsop on a Comic Relief TV Special, in which she danced and sang ' Today I Feel So Happy'. She was to have been accompanied on the piano by Andrew Lloyd Webber but, as he did not know the music, a member of the audience was conscripted instead, with Webber turning the pages of the sheet music. This brief performance, which represented the only time that Madge Allsop has ever spoken on camera, received a huge ovation from the studio audience.", "The Dame Edna Experience The Dame Edna Experience is a British television comedy talk-show hosted by Dame Edna Everage. It ran for twelve regular episodes on ITV, plus two Christmas specials. The first seven aired for the first time in 1987, the next seven in 1989. It was directed by Ian Hamilton and Alasdair MacMillan and produced by London Weekend Television. Regulars on the program, besides Dame Edna, were her \"bridesmaid\" Madge Allsop (played by Emily Perry) and Robin Houston who was the announcer, with orchestra conducted and arranged by Laurie Holloway. Each program featured several celebrity guests, usually three, but some programs included up to eight guests. There would also be other invited \"guests\" like Kurt Waldheim and Imelda Marcos who once introduced at stage right would fall victim to a trap door or something similar and fail to make it to their chair. The entire series was released on DVD (for Region 1) by BBC Video in June 2004, and can now also be purchased as a complete set including the 1987 Christmas special and the three \"An Audience with Dame Edna\" specials, plus other material. The series was released for Region 2 by Network DVD in the UK in 2007, as a 4-disc set. It includes the 1987 Christmas special and the one-off 1990 Christmas special \"A Night on Mount Edna\" with guests Mel Gibson, Charlton Heston, Gina Lollobrigida and Julio Iglesias. For reasons unknown, neither the Region 1 or the Region 2 releases include the 1989 Christmas special \"The Dame Edna Satellite Experience\" that ended the second series and featured Ursula Andress, Yehudi Menuhin, and Robert Kilroy-Silk. Several potential guests were 'aborted' throughout the series."], "answer": {"text": ") made her first appearance in a Melbourne University's UTRC revue at the end of 1955,", "answer_start": 560}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d69c956a90e849d093e1ff9c0f49614b_1_q#2", "question": "What other appearances did Dame Edna made?", "rewrite": "Besides Melbourne University's UTRC revue, what other appearances did Dame Edna made?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Barry Humphries was invited to join the fledgling Union Theatre Repertory Company early in 1955 and toured Victorian country towns performing Twelfth Night, directed by Ray Lawler. On tour, Humphries invented Edna gradually as part of the entertainment for the actors during commutes between country towns. Humphries gradually developed a falsetto impersonation of a Melbourne housewife, imitating the Country Women's Association representatives who welcomed the troupe in each town. At Lawler's suggestion, Mrs Everage (later named Edna after Humphries' nanny) made her first appearance in a Melbourne University's UTRC revue at the end of 1955, as the city prepared for the 1956 Olympic Games. The sketch involved a houseproud \"average housewife\" offering her Moonee Ponds home as an Olympic billet, spruiking her home as possessing \"burgundy wall-to-wall carpets, lamington cakes and reindeers frosted on glass dining-room doors\". At this time the character was billed as \"Mrs Norm Everage\" (Humphries describing this name as \"Everage as in 'average', husband Norm as in 'normal'\") and had none of the characteristic flamboyant wardrobe of later years. His mother (whom the interviewer William Cook said \"sounds like a frightful snob\") was a major inspiration for Edna, although he denied it when she was alive to protect her feelings. Her first monologue in 1955 was about her \"lovely home\", reflecting young Barry's own site visits accompanying his builder father. Originally she was a \"mousy\" character and too quiet to please the raucous crowd at The Establishment club in London.", "The production was first performed in 1946 and toured Australia during the 1950s and featured on the schedule of Queen Elizabeth II's first Royal Tour of Australia in 1954. It represents an early example of the fusion of Western and Aboriginal theatrical forms in Australia \u2013 now regularly expressed, as seen in the work of the Bangarra Dance Theatre. In early 1955, the Union Theatre Repertory Company invited a young Barry Humphries to tour Victoria with a production of \"Twelfth Night\" directed by Ray Lawler. On tour, Humphries gradually invented the character of Edna Everage as part of the entertainment for the actors during commutes between country towns, imitating the Country Women's Association representatives who welcomed the troupe in each town. By night Lawler worked on a new play, \"Summer of the Seventeenth Doll\", his tenth but most acclaimed work. Both creations represented historic milestones in Australian theatre. \" Summer of the Seventeenth Doll\" was the first Australian play produced by the MTC and portrayed resolutely Australian characters and went on to international acclaim. At Lawler's suggestion, Mrs Everage made her first appearance in a Melbourne University's UTRC revue at the end of 1955, as the city prepared for the 1956 Summer Olympic Games. The sketch involved a houseproud \"average housewife\" offering her Moonee Ponds home as an Olympic billet. Humphries left for London in his early 20s and enjoyed success on stage, including in Lionel Bart's musical, \"Oliver!\". His satirical stage creations \u2013 notably Dame Edna and later Les Patterson \u2013 became Australian cultural icons. Humphries also achieved success in the USA with tours on Broadway and television appearances and has remained a stalwart of British and Australian theatre and been honoured in both nations. The Melbourne Theatre Company, originally the Union Theatre Repertory Company, formed in 1953, is Australia's oldest professional theatre company.", "The book provides much background to Madge and Edna's ongoing friendship, and includes a detailed account of the death of Madge's husband, Douglas Allsop, whilst on their honeymoon in Rotorua. In the line drawings that illustrate the book (drawn by John Richardson), the young Madge is depicted as a recognizable caricature of Emily Perry. Since the 1980s, theatre programmes for Barry Humphries' one-man shows have frequently included photographs of Madge Allsop (as portrayed by Emily Perry) alongside those of Dame Edna and Sir Les Patterson. For example, the glossy souvenir programme for Humphries' Australian tour, \"Dame Edna: Back to my roots and other suckers\" included depictions of Madge in her pink frilly \u201cEdna Loves Me\u201d apron, dancing with Dame Edna while wearing a Vivienne Westwood outfit, shopping with Dame Edna in an exclusive boutique, posing mournfully along Errol Flynn's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and being attacked by a giant prop shark in Edna's swimming pool. Madge Allsop's most notable appearance on stage was as part of the 1998 West End production of \"Dame Edna: the Spectacle\". The First Act of this show was essentially a retelling of Dame Edna's life story in the form of a lavish stage musical, and Madge Allsop was portrayed as a young woman by Kerris Peeling and as a child by either (depending on the performance) Keely Fawcett, Caroline Graham or Gabrielle Hoffman. Emily Perry, by then 90 years old, also appeared briefly as the present-day Madge. According to Dame Edna's autobiography, Madge Allsop was born Marjorie Kiri McWhirter in Palmerston North, New Zealand.", "Humphries said in 2016 that \"slowly the character has deepened, so I begin to understand and appreciate him, and finally feel myself turning into him\". He no longer requires makeup for the part, and plays Sandy in his own dressing gown. Humphries' numerous television appearances in Australia, the UK and the US include \"The Bunyip\", a children's comedy for the Seven Network in Melbourne. In the UK he made two highly successful series of his comedy talk show \"The Dame Edna Experience\" for London Weekend Television. The series boasted a phalanx of superstar guests including Liza Minnelli, Sean Connery, Roger Moore, Charlton Heston and Jane Seymour. These enormously popular programs have since been repeated worldwide and the special \"A Night on Mount Edna\" won Humphries the \"Golden Rose of Montreux\" in 1991. He wrote and starred in ABC-TV's \"The Life and Death of Sandy Stone\" (1991), and presented the ABC social history series \"Barry Humphries' Flashbacks\" (1999). His other television shows and one-off specials include \"Dame Edna's Neighbourhood Watch\" (1992), \"Dame Edna's Work Experience\" (1996), \"Dame Edna Kisses It Better\" (1997) and \"Dame Edna's Hollywood\" (1991\u201392), a series of three chat-show specials filmed in the US for the NBC and the Fox network. Like \"The Dame Edna Experience\", these included an array of top celebrity guests such as Burt Reynolds, Cher, Bea Arthur, Kim Basinger and Barry Manilow. Edna's most recent television special was \"Dame Edna Live at the Palace\" in 2003. He starred in the Kath & Kim telemovie \"Da Kath & Kim Code\" in late 2005.", "Early novelist Joseph Furphy wrote in the Australian vernacular and the poet C. J. Dennis reflected a sense of Australian identity and humour in the Australian vernacular \u2013 notably in \"The Songs of a Sentimental Bloke\", which chronicles the courtship and marriage of a larrikin called Bill and his girl, Doreen: including : \"This Romeo 'e's lurkin' wiv a crew \u2013 A dead tough crowd o' crooks \u2013 called Montague\". The Dad and Dave series about a pioneer farming family was an enduring hit of the early 20th century. Australia's ANZAC troops of World War I were said to often display a streak of irreverence in their relations with superior officers and dark humour in the face of battle. Books like Norman Lindsay's The Magic Pudding use humorous anthropomorphism to transform the animals of the Australian bush into a classic work of Australian children's literature. Vaudeville stars like Roy Rene 'Mo' toured with the Tivoli Circuit prior to the arrival of radio. Mo, in baggy trousers and battered top hat and using Australian English catchphrases like \"Strike me lucky\" and \"Don't come the raw prawn with me\" became Australia's most successful variety star and began performing on radio in 1946. The arrival of television in 1956 assisted in the demise of the large vaudeville theatres and a switch to small venue \"comedy revues\" \u2013 notably the Melbourne University Revues. The satirical character creations of Barry Humphries include housewife and \"gigastar\" Dame Edna Everage; and \"Australian cultural attach\u00e9 to the Court of St James's\" Sir Les Patterson, whose interests include boozing, chasing women and flatulence. Edna made her first appearance in a Melbourne University's UTRC revue at the end of 1955, as the city prepared for the 1956 Olympic Games."], "answer": {"text": "The Establishment club in London.", "answer_start": 1554}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Dame Edna Everage invented?", "answer": {"text": ") made her first appearance in a Melbourne University's UTRC revue at the end of 1955,", "answer_start": 560, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was this character received by the public?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d69c956a90e849d093e1ff9c0f49614b_1_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Dame Edna Everage appearances in Melbourne University's UTRC revue and the Establishment club in London, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Over a period of almost thirty years, from 1976 until 2003, the adult Madge Allsop was portrayed by at least six different people: Madge Allsop was first portrayed on television in 1976, when she appeared (played by actress Madeleine Orr) in an episode of the BBC series \"The Barry Humphries Show\". Following Orr's death in 1979, the role of Madge was re-cast. She appeared alongside Dame Edna on the BBC Parkinson show in 1982, with her face covered in bandages. The character was written into Humphries' 1987 film, \"Les Patterson Saves the World\", and was portrayed, as a one-off appearance, by Australian actress Connie Hobbs. Later that same year, Humphries announced his search for \"definitive Madge\", who would appear alongside Edna in his new BBC TV series, \" The Dame Edna Experience\". Of the audition, Humphries recalled, \"all of them tried too hard. Some were whimsical, some camp, but most were far too over the top to resemble an oppressed, inarticulate New Zealand spinster whom life had passed by.\" However, after they saw Emily Perry's understated performance, they knew that they had found the perfect Madge. As she later recalled, \"I did nothing at the audition, and I've done nothing ever since.\" Emily Perry's appearance on the Dame Edna Experience was well-received; she subsequently became the definitive Madge Allsop, reprising the role in many of Humphries' other TV specials, including \"One more Audience with Dame Edna Everage\" (1988), \"A Night on Mount Edna\" (1990), \"Dame Edna's Neighbourhood Watch\" (1992), \"Dame Edna's Hollywood\" (1993) and \"Dame Edna's Work Experience\" (1996).", "The production was first performed in 1946 and toured Australia during the 1950s and featured on the schedule of Queen Elizabeth II's first Royal Tour of Australia in 1954. It represents an early example of the fusion of Western and Aboriginal theatrical forms in Australia \u2013 now regularly expressed, as seen in the work of the Bangarra Dance Theatre. In early 1955, the Union Theatre Repertory Company invited a young Barry Humphries to tour Victoria with a production of \"Twelfth Night\" directed by Ray Lawler. On tour, Humphries gradually invented the character of Edna Everage as part of the entertainment for the actors during commutes between country towns, imitating the Country Women's Association representatives who welcomed the troupe in each town. By night Lawler worked on a new play, \"Summer of the Seventeenth Doll\", his tenth but most acclaimed work. Both creations represented historic milestones in Australian theatre. \" Summer of the Seventeenth Doll\" was the first Australian play produced by the MTC and portrayed resolutely Australian characters and went on to international acclaim. At Lawler's suggestion, Mrs Everage made her first appearance in a Melbourne University's UTRC revue at the end of 1955, as the city prepared for the 1956 Summer Olympic Games. The sketch involved a houseproud \"average housewife\" offering her Moonee Ponds home as an Olympic billet. Humphries left for London in his early 20s and enjoyed success on stage, including in Lionel Bart's musical, \"Oliver!\". His satirical stage creations \u2013 notably Dame Edna and later Les Patterson \u2013 became Australian cultural icons. Humphries also achieved success in the USA with tours on Broadway and television appearances and has remained a stalwart of British and Australian theatre and been honoured in both nations. The Melbourne Theatre Company, originally the Union Theatre Repertory Company, formed in 1953, is Australia's oldest professional theatre company.", "The Dame Edna Experience The Dame Edna Experience is a British television comedy talk-show hosted by Dame Edna Everage. It ran for twelve regular episodes on ITV, plus two Christmas specials. The first seven aired for the first time in 1987, the next seven in 1989. It was directed by Ian Hamilton and Alasdair MacMillan and produced by London Weekend Television. Regulars on the program, besides Dame Edna, were her \"bridesmaid\" Madge Allsop (played by Emily Perry) and Robin Houston who was the announcer, with orchestra conducted and arranged by Laurie Holloway. Each program featured several celebrity guests, usually three, but some programs included up to eight guests. There would also be other invited \"guests\" like Kurt Waldheim and Imelda Marcos who once introduced at stage right would fall victim to a trap door or something similar and fail to make it to their chair. The entire series was released on DVD (for Region 1) by BBC Video in June 2004, and can now also be purchased as a complete set including the 1987 Christmas special and the three \"An Audience with Dame Edna\" specials, plus other material. The series was released for Region 2 by Network DVD in the UK in 2007, as a 4-disc set. It includes the 1987 Christmas special and the one-off 1990 Christmas special \"A Night on Mount Edna\" with guests Mel Gibson, Charlton Heston, Gina Lollobrigida and Julio Iglesias. For reasons unknown, neither the Region 1 or the Region 2 releases include the 1989 Christmas special \"The Dame Edna Satellite Experience\" that ended the second series and featured Ursula Andress, Yehudi Menuhin, and Robert Kilroy-Silk. Several potential guests were 'aborted' throughout the series.", "Early novelist Joseph Furphy wrote in the Australian vernacular and the poet C. J. Dennis reflected a sense of Australian identity and humour in the Australian vernacular \u2013 notably in \"The Songs of a Sentimental Bloke\", which chronicles the courtship and marriage of a larrikin called Bill and his girl, Doreen: including : \"This Romeo 'e's lurkin' wiv a crew \u2013 A dead tough crowd o' crooks \u2013 called Montague\". The Dad and Dave series about a pioneer farming family was an enduring hit of the early 20th century. Australia's ANZAC troops of World War I were said to often display a streak of irreverence in their relations with superior officers and dark humour in the face of battle. Books like Norman Lindsay's The Magic Pudding use humorous anthropomorphism to transform the animals of the Australian bush into a classic work of Australian children's literature. Vaudeville stars like Roy Rene 'Mo' toured with the Tivoli Circuit prior to the arrival of radio. Mo, in baggy trousers and battered top hat and using Australian English catchphrases like \"Strike me lucky\" and \"Don't come the raw prawn with me\" became Australia's most successful variety star and began performing on radio in 1946. The arrival of television in 1956 assisted in the demise of the large vaudeville theatres and a switch to small venue \"comedy revues\" \u2013 notably the Melbourne University Revues. The satirical character creations of Barry Humphries include housewife and \"gigastar\" Dame Edna Everage; and \"Australian cultural attach\u00e9 to the Court of St James's\" Sir Les Patterson, whose interests include boozing, chasing women and flatulence. Edna made her first appearance in a Melbourne University's UTRC revue at the end of 1955, as the city prepared for the 1956 Olympic Games.", "Barry Humphries was invited to join the fledgling Union Theatre Repertory Company early in 1955 and toured Victorian country towns performing Twelfth Night, directed by Ray Lawler. On tour, Humphries invented Edna gradually as part of the entertainment for the actors during commutes between country towns. Humphries gradually developed a falsetto impersonation of a Melbourne housewife, imitating the Country Women's Association representatives who welcomed the troupe in each town. At Lawler's suggestion, Mrs Everage (later named Edna after Humphries' nanny) made her first appearance in a Melbourne University's UTRC revue at the end of 1955, as the city prepared for the 1956 Olympic Games. The sketch involved a houseproud \"average housewife\" offering her Moonee Ponds home as an Olympic billet, spruiking her home as possessing \"burgundy wall-to-wall carpets, lamington cakes and reindeers frosted on glass dining-room doors\". At this time the character was billed as \"Mrs Norm Everage\" (Humphries describing this name as \"Everage as in 'average', husband Norm as in 'normal'\") and had none of the characteristic flamboyant wardrobe of later years. His mother (whom the interviewer William Cook said \"sounds like a frightful snob\") was a major inspiration for Edna, although he denied it when she was alive to protect her feelings. Her first monologue in 1955 was about her \"lovely home\", reflecting young Barry's own site visits accompanying his builder father. Originally she was a \"mousy\" character and too quiet to please the raucous crowd at The Establishment club in London."], "answer": {"text": "The sketch involved a houseproud \"average housewife\" offering her Moonee Ponds home as an Olympic billet,", "answer_start": 696}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When was Dame Edna Everage invented?", "answer": {"text": ") made her first appearance in a Melbourne University's UTRC revue at the end of 1955,", "answer_start": 560, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was this character received by the public?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other appearances did Dame Edna made?", "answer": {"text": "The Establishment club in London.", "answer_start": 1554, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ddd9c44b44a41579fc75b3070872975_1_q#1", "question": "What were some singles off of the album?", "rewrite": "What were some singles off of the album Story of My Heart?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Avondale College, Auckland Avondale College is a state coeducational secondary school located in the central Auckland, New Zealand, suburb of Avondale. With a roll of students from Years 9\u201313 (ages 12\u201318), it is one of the largest schools in New Zealand. The principal of Avondale College and head of the 180 teachers is Brent Lewis. Many staff members of Avondale College come from Britain, through frequent teacher recruitment trips by the principal. Lewis became principal in 2001 after the death of Phil Raffills, who went to great lengths to reform the school. Raffills oversaw the redevelopment of the school buildings after much of the site was destroyed in a fire in 1990. Brent Lewis took over from acting principal (former deputy principal) Warren Peat, who went on to become principal of Saint Kentigern College. Avondale College students wear a black and white uniform with the school crest on it that has variations depending on year level and gender, which changed from an older black, white and grey one in 2004. Avondale has a sister school in Japan called Daito Bunka, which is a preparatory school for Daito Bunka University, Tokyo. The school has adopted NCEA and CIE for assessments and examinations. CIE was adopted in 2009. The site and buildings of Avondale College started as an American Naval Hospital in 1943 \u2013 U.S. Naval Mobile Hospital Number 6. At that time the United States was preparing for an extended World War II battle in the South Pacific, and Auckland was chosen as one of a few New Zealand cities for hospitals to tend the wounded army and naval personnel. The facility was designed by Tibor Donner (then in the NZ Public Works Department) and was built by Fletcher Construction. The Department of Education had some of the site planned for a new secondary school to cope with the overcrowding of Auckland secondary schools.", "Treble Cone Treble Cone is the closest ski area to Wanaka, New Zealand. Treble Cone is the largest ski area in the South Island, boasting the longest vertical rise in the Queenstown Southern Lakes District. Treble Cone is most known for its views over Lake Wanaka and Mount Aspiring/Tititea and its intermediate to advanced terrain. The skifield is the off-season training ground for the national ski team of Austria. Founded by Murray Raffills (Raffills Ridge namesake) and Ralph Markby in 1968, Treble Cone started out as a small club field being managed by local ski enthusiasts. In 1975 Treble Cone was listed as a public company to raise funds for a high standard road, modest base building and ski hire facilities, constructed over the summer and opened in 1976. Development continued throughout the '80s and early '90s with the mountains first double chair installed in the Home Basin in 1983, the installation of a T-Bar in the Saddle Basin in 1989 and the first permanent snowmaking facilities installed in 1991. Treble Cone received its next major upgrade in 1995/96 with the installation of New Zealand\u2019s first high speed, detachable 6-seater chairlift in the Home Basin. The pre-existing double chair was relocated to the Saddle Basin to further improve access to the famed terrain. In the same period, major extensions to the base building took place, a new car parking area was developed and a snowmaking pond was installed. Earthworks dominated development in the 2000s (summers of 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 and 2011), improving the beginner and intermediate terrain in the Home and Saddle Basin and access to the Saddle Basin. In 2005. Treble Cone saw a new fixed grip quad chairlift in the Saddle Basin and Ski Patrol hut at the top of the Six Seater.", "Ross Clow Ross Clow is a New Zealand Labour Party politician who served as a councillor on the Auckland Council from 2013 to 2019. He was earlier a Waitakere City Councillor. Clow served on the Waitakere City Council, where he served as finance chairman. At the 2010 Auckland elections, Clow stood for Auckland Council in the Whau ward, finishing second and losing to Auckland City Councillor Noelene Raffills by fewer than 500 votes. At the 2013 Auckland elections, Clow was elected as an Auckland councillor for the Whau ward, defeating Noelene Raffills. He became the finance committee chairman on Auckland Council. In 2016, Clow was comfortably reelected as councillor for the ward and was also elected to the Portage Licensing Trust. The new mayor, Phil Goff, appointed Clow the chairperson of the finance and performance committee. In 2019, Clow was defeated by Tracy Mulholland of Communities and Residents by less than 200 votes.", "So in 1982, after almost 4 years of inactivity, Buck Danny returned with an ambitious 3-album story: \"Mission Apocalypse\", \"Les Pilotes de l'enfer\" and \"Le Feu du ciel\", (Translated and published in English by Amusement Int (USA) in 1988 as 'Mission Apocalypse', 'The Pilots From Hell' and 'Fire From Heaven'). (These albums are discussed more deeply in a separate Wikipedia article Nuclear Alert (Buck Danny)). Drawing the albums took 4 years with the last album only appearing in 1986. However, this slower pace only enabled Bergese to make his drawings more detailed and his work is au par with that of Hubinon in every aspect. Berg\u00e8se and Charlier made one more album, \"Les Agresseurs\" (the Aggressors) in 1988 and started work on another two-album story afterwards. It looked like with his new artist, Buck Danny was back and up to speed again when on July 10, 1989 Charlier himself died. At that time, Bergese had drawn the first 16 pages of what would have been Buck Danny's 45th album, \"Les Oiseaux noirs\", (\"the blackbirds\"). Although Charlier left behind scenario directions for all but the last pages of this book, it was decided that, with no clue on the second album and the conclusion of the story, work on Buck Danny would be stopped, this time for good. The 16-pages already drawn and Charlier's directions surviving directions for the next pages have since appeared in a number of specials, but are no part of the official Buck Danny canon. As to graphics, the 4 albums of the Berg\u00e8se-Charlier team fit in seamlessly with the earlier albums drawn by Hubinon.", "Noelene Raffills Noelene Mary Raffills is a New Zealand politician who was an Auckland Councillor. Between 2000 and 2010 she was a councillor on the Auckland City Council. In the 2010 Auckland Council elections Raffills won the seat in the Whau ward. She was defeated by Ross Clow in the 2013 Auckland Council elections."], "answer": {"text": "the song \"Don't Know", "answer_start": 496}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Were any other popular artists besides Mario Winans featured on the album Story of My Heart?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ddd9c44b44a41579fc75b3070872975_1_q#2", "question": "Was this his first album?", "rewrite": "Was Story of My Heart Mario Winans' first album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Redemption (Benzino album) Redemption is the second solo album by Boston, Massachusetts rapper Benzino, released January 14, 2003 on Elektra Records. Production on \"Redemption\" was handled by Mario Winans, L.E.S., Trackmasters, D Moel and mostly Hangmen 3. Notable guests are Scarface, Jadakiss, Wyclef, Lil' Kim, Petey Pablo, Mario Winans and LisaRaye. The album sold 20,000 copies in its first week on shelves. Because Benzino had beef with Eminem and 50 Cent when he was recording the album, he made sure to work with people who were beefing with 50 Cent at the time, including, Caddillac Tah & Black Child (credited as Murder Inc.), Hussein Fatal, and Lil' Kim. \"Redemption\" features Benzino\u2019s highest charting single to date. \u201cRock The Party\u201d produced by Mario Winans, peaked at #19 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 along with selling 450,000 copies and appeared on the soundtrack to the Jason Statham film, \"The Transporter\". Redemption was also Benzino\u2019s highest charting album to date. It debuted #65 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart. On the Billboard Top R&B/ Hip-Hop Albums the album reached #31. The first single \"Rock the Party\" (which originally appeared in the 2002 film \"The Transporter\") appeared in the 2002 film \"I Spy\" and the 2003 video game \"NBA Street Vol. 2 \".", "He also released a solo album entitled \"Image of a Man\". They released one album in 1999 called \"We Got Next\". Michael Winans Jr. signed with Sean \"Diddy\" Combs, writing and producing for some of the biggest artists (Chris Brown, New Edition, Case, Michelle Williams, Mario Winans, Danity Kane and Diddy himself). He was scheduled to release his upcoming album entitled \"My Own Genre\" March 1, 2011. 3 Winans Brothers is a Winans brothers supergroup formed in 2013 with Carvin Winans, Marvin Winans, and BeBe Winans. September 2013, the lead single from the upcoming album \"If God Be For Us\" was released worldwide. The second single \"Move In Me\" was released July 2, 2014. Leading up to the debut album release of \"Foreign Land\" September 30, 2014 on Entertainment One Music/BMG/Regimen Records. On October 14, 2014 the album debuted #2 on Billboard Top 10 Gospel Charts. Vickie Winans is the former wife of Marvin and a solo artist. She was also raised in a musical family in Detroit. Her debut solo album in 1987 was entitled \"Be Encouraged\". Mario Winans is a solo R&B artist. He debuted in 1997 and had a Billboard number one album in 2004. He is the son of Vickie Winans and Ronald Brown, and took the Winans name after Vickie married Marvin Winans in the late 1970s. Marvin Winans Jr, like his brother, is a solo gospel artist. He is the son of Vickie Winans and Marvin Winans. Juan Winans is a Grammy-nominated singer/songwriter. He has written for Warryn Campbell, George Huff, Joe, Lalah Hathaway, and Tyler Perry. On December 24, 1990, the family appeared on \"The Oprah Winfrey Show\".", "Producers on board for the project were longtime BeBe & CeCe collaborator Keith Thomas, and CeCe's nephew Mario Winans. Winans' son Alvin III also co-writes several songs on the album and younger sisters Angie and Debbie Winans make an appearance as well. CeCe's collection of Top Ten R&B radio hits include \"Count On Me\", her duet with Whitney Houston, from the Waiting to Exhale soundtrack. The single was certified Gold in the US and reached No. 8 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, No. 4 on the Adult Contemporary chart and No. 8 on the Billboard R&B Singles charts. Winans released her eighth album, \"Thy Kingdom Come\" on April 1, 2008, featuring the single \"Waging War\". On October 6, 2009, a BeBe & CeCe reunion album named \"Still\" was released. It is the ninth album released by the brother / sister duo. The album was released under Malaco Records and features collaborations with Marvin Winans and contemporary gospel sisters duo Mary Mary. On December 23, 2010, Cece along with Bebe Winans & Mary Mary, featuring the West Angeles Choir, performed on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. From 2012 to 2014, Winans was a judge on BET's gospel singing competition, \"Sunday Best\", along with her brother Bebe. CeCe has authored three books: \"On A Positive Note\", a collection of her memoirs released August 1, 2000; and \"Throne Room: Ushered Into the Presence of God\", a devotional released January 1, 2004 and co-authored with Claire Cloninger. \" Always Sisters: Becoming the Princess You Were Created to Be\", released on July 17, 2007 and co-written with Claudia Mair Burney.", "Vickie Winans Vickie Winans ( born Viviane Bowman; October 18, 1953) is an American Gospel recording artist. The seventh of twelve children, Winans was born in Detroit, Michigan to Mattie A. Bowman, a housewife, and Aaron Bowman, who worked at various times as a laborer, contractor, carpenter and mason. She began singing in church \u2013 the International Gospel Center \u2013 at the age of eight, and as a teenager she sang with a group known as the International Sounds of Deliverance. Her siblings include Beverly Bouldes, Sandi Tyler, Irma Crockett, Annette Tharpe, Aaron Bowman, Jr. (deceased), Carleen Riley, Cathy Williams, Mary Sturdivant, Bryan Bowman, Lorne Bowman, and Tim Bowman. Winans has been married three times and divorced twice. After high school, she married the late Bishop Ronald E. Brown of Faith Tabernacle Deliverance Temple in Orangeburg, South Carolina. Together they had a son, Mario Brown, now known as Mario Winans. In June 1978, she married Marvin Winans of the gospel group The Winans. With Marvin she had two sons, Marvin Jr. (Coconut)and Josiah. In 1995, Winans and Marvin Sr. divorced after almost 18 years of marriage. The stress of the divorce caused her to develop ulcers on her esophagus, diabetes and to gain weight. Eventually, Winans regained her health and re-energized her career. At the end of 2003, Winans married businessman Joe McLemore. Vickie lost her mother, Evangelist Mattie Bowman, on December 12, 2006. It was her marriage to Marvin that led Winans to consider a career in music.", "I Need a Girl (Part Two) \"I Need a Girl (Part Two) \" is a single by American rapper P. Diddy. It was released on May 21, 2002 as the second single from Diddy's and Bad Boy Records' remix album, \"We Invented the Remix\" (2002). It is a sequel to the single \"I Need a Girl (Part One)\", released a few months prior. The song includes guest appearances from Ginuwine, Loon, Mario Winans and Tammy Ruggeri. It was written by Sean Combs, Chauncey Hawkins, Mario Winans, Frankie Romano, Michael Carlos Jones and Adonis Shropshire and produced by Mario Winans and Diddy. \"Part Two\" peaked at number four on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number two on the \"Billboard\" Hot Rap Tracks chart. It also charted on the UK Singles Chart at number four. With the song's success on the charts, P. Diddy achieved the rare occurrence of having both parts of the song become big hits. It samples P. Diddy's line \"Now the Sun don't shine for ever, but as long as it's here then we might as well shine together\" from his 1997 song \"Victory\" featuring The Notorious B.I.G. and Busta Rhymes from his debut album \"No Way Out\" (1997), released under the stage name Puff Daddy. On February 17, 2012, Mario Winans and German rapper Kay One released a \"Part Three\" to the song. In Germany, \"Part Three\" peaked at number 29. A female-themed equivalent of the song was released by Dani and Phaedra, titled \"I'm That Girl\". CD-Maxi"], "answer": {"text": "his debut album Story of My Heart on", "answer_start": 437}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Were any other popular artists besides Mario Winans featured on the album Story of My Heart?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some singles off of the album?", "answer": {"text": "the song \"Don't Know", "answer_start": 496, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ddd9c44b44a41579fc75b3070872975_1_q#3", "question": "Did he win any awards for the album?", "rewrite": "Did Mario Winans win any awards for Story of My Heart?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Redemption (Benzino album) Redemption is the second solo album by Boston, Massachusetts rapper Benzino, released January 14, 2003 on Elektra Records. Production on \"Redemption\" was handled by Mario Winans, L.E.S., Trackmasters, D Moel and mostly Hangmen 3. Notable guests are Scarface, Jadakiss, Wyclef, Lil' Kim, Petey Pablo, Mario Winans and LisaRaye. The album sold 20,000 copies in its first week on shelves. Because Benzino had beef with Eminem and 50 Cent when he was recording the album, he made sure to work with people who were beefing with 50 Cent at the time, including, Caddillac Tah & Black Child (credited as Murder Inc.), Hussein Fatal, and Lil' Kim. \"Redemption\" features Benzino\u2019s highest charting single to date. \u201cRock The Party\u201d produced by Mario Winans, peaked at #19 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 along with selling 450,000 copies and appeared on the soundtrack to the Jason Statham film, \"The Transporter\". Redemption was also Benzino\u2019s highest charting album to date. It debuted #65 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart. On the Billboard Top R&B/ Hip-Hop Albums the album reached #31. The first single \"Rock the Party\" (which originally appeared in the 2002 film \"The Transporter\") appeared in the 2002 film \"I Spy\" and the 2003 video game \"NBA Street Vol. 2 \".", "Of this, 763 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 5,315 dunams for cereals, while 29 dunams were built-up (urban) land. In the wake of the 1948 Arab\u2013Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Tayasir came under Jordanian rule. In 1961, the population had reached 487. After the Six-Day War in 1967, Tayasir has been under Israeli occupation. Following the 1993 Oslo Accords, Tayasir came under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) and later became a village council in 1997. By 2007, the council consisted of 11 members and was headed by Akram Dabaq. In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Tayasir (called: Tiasir\") had a population of 146, all Muslim. That rose to 192 inhabitants, all Muslim, except for 5 Christians, with 36 occupied houses at the time of the 1931 census. In Sami Hadawi's land and population survey in 1945, Tayasir's population was 260 and this figure nearly doubled in 1961, reaching 487. The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, projected a population of 1,200 in 1987. In the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics' (PCBS) first official census in 1997, Tayasir had a population of 1,753 inhabitants. According to the 2007 census by the PCBS, the village's population was 2,489. In the 1997 census, males constituted 50.6% of the population while females comprised 49.4%. Tayasir represents 5% of the Tubas Governorate's total population.", "Vickie Winans Vickie Winans ( born Viviane Bowman; October 18, 1953) is an American Gospel recording artist. The seventh of twelve children, Winans was born in Detroit, Michigan to Mattie A. Bowman, a housewife, and Aaron Bowman, who worked at various times as a laborer, contractor, carpenter and mason. She began singing in church \u2013 the International Gospel Center \u2013 at the age of eight, and as a teenager she sang with a group known as the International Sounds of Deliverance. Her siblings include Beverly Bouldes, Sandi Tyler, Irma Crockett, Annette Tharpe, Aaron Bowman, Jr. (deceased), Carleen Riley, Cathy Williams, Mary Sturdivant, Bryan Bowman, Lorne Bowman, and Tim Bowman. Winans has been married three times and divorced twice. After high school, she married the late Bishop Ronald E. Brown of Faith Tabernacle Deliverance Temple in Orangeburg, South Carolina. Together they had a son, Mario Brown, now known as Mario Winans. In June 1978, she married Marvin Winans of the gospel group The Winans. With Marvin she had two sons, Marvin Jr. (Coconut)and Josiah. In 1995, Winans and Marvin Sr. divorced after almost 18 years of marriage. The stress of the divorce caused her to develop ulcers on her esophagus, diabetes and to gain weight. Eventually, Winans regained her health and re-energized her career. At the end of 2003, Winans married businessman Joe McLemore. Vickie lost her mother, Evangelist Mattie Bowman, on December 12, 2006. It was her marriage to Marvin that led Winans to consider a career in music.", "He also released a solo album entitled \"Image of a Man\". They released one album in 1999 called \"We Got Next\". Michael Winans Jr. signed with Sean \"Diddy\" Combs, writing and producing for some of the biggest artists (Chris Brown, New Edition, Case, Michelle Williams, Mario Winans, Danity Kane and Diddy himself). He was scheduled to release his upcoming album entitled \"My Own Genre\" March 1, 2011. 3 Winans Brothers is a Winans brothers supergroup formed in 2013 with Carvin Winans, Marvin Winans, and BeBe Winans. September 2013, the lead single from the upcoming album \"If God Be For Us\" was released worldwide. The second single \"Move In Me\" was released July 2, 2014. Leading up to the debut album release of \"Foreign Land\" September 30, 2014 on Entertainment One Music/BMG/Regimen Records. On October 14, 2014 the album debuted #2 on Billboard Top 10 Gospel Charts. Vickie Winans is the former wife of Marvin and a solo artist. She was also raised in a musical family in Detroit. Her debut solo album in 1987 was entitled \"Be Encouraged\". Mario Winans is a solo R&B artist. He debuted in 1997 and had a Billboard number one album in 2004. He is the son of Vickie Winans and Ronald Brown, and took the Winans name after Vickie married Marvin Winans in the late 1970s. Marvin Winans Jr, like his brother, is a solo gospel artist. He is the son of Vickie Winans and Marvin Winans. Juan Winans is a Grammy-nominated singer/songwriter. He has written for Warryn Campbell, George Huff, Joe, Lalah Hathaway, and Tyler Perry. On December 24, 1990, the family appeared on \"The Oprah Winfrey Show\".", "I Need a Girl (Part Two) \"I Need a Girl (Part Two) \" is a single by American rapper P. Diddy. It was released on May 21, 2002 as the second single from Diddy's and Bad Boy Records' remix album, \"We Invented the Remix\" (2002). It is a sequel to the single \"I Need a Girl (Part One)\", released a few months prior. The song includes guest appearances from Ginuwine, Loon, Mario Winans and Tammy Ruggeri. It was written by Sean Combs, Chauncey Hawkins, Mario Winans, Frankie Romano, Michael Carlos Jones and Adonis Shropshire and produced by Mario Winans and Diddy. \"Part Two\" peaked at number four on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number two on the \"Billboard\" Hot Rap Tracks chart. It also charted on the UK Singles Chart at number four. With the song's success on the charts, P. Diddy achieved the rare occurrence of having both parts of the song become big hits. It samples P. Diddy's line \"Now the Sun don't shine for ever, but as long as it's here then we might as well shine together\" from his 1997 song \"Victory\" featuring The Notorious B.I.G. and Busta Rhymes from his debut album \"No Way Out\" (1997), released under the stage name Puff Daddy. On February 17, 2012, Mario Winans and German rapper Kay One released a \"Part Three\" to the song. In Germany, \"Part Three\" peaked at number 29. A female-themed equivalent of the song was released by Dani and Phaedra, titled \"I'm That Girl\". CD-Maxi"], "answer": {"text": "the album failed to chart.", "answer_start": 545}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Were any other popular artists besides Mario Winans featured on the album Story of My Heart?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some singles off of the album?", "answer": {"text": "the song \"Don't Know", "answer_start": 496, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this his first album?", "answer": {"text": "his debut album Story of My Heart on", "answer_start": 437, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ddd9c44b44a41579fc75b3070872975_1_q#4", "question": "What were some other singles that people might know?", "rewrite": "Besides \"Don't Know\" what were some other singles that people might know from Story of My Heart?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This strand of radical democracy challenges the traditional thinking about equality and freedom in liberal democracies by stating that individual equality can be found in the singularities within the multitude, equality overall is created by an all-inclusive multitude and freedom is created by restoring the multitude in it\u00b4s pure constituted power. This strand of radical democracy is often a term used to refer to the post-Marxist perspectives of Italian radicalism - for example Paolo Virno. Laclau and Mouffe have argued for radical agonistic democracy, where different opinions and worldviews are not oppressed by the search for consensus in liberal and deliberative democracy. As this agonistic perspective has been most influential in academic literature, it has been subject to most criticisms on the idea of radical democracy. Brockelman for example argues that the theory of radical democracy is an Utopian idea. Political theory, he argues, should not be used as offering a vision of a desirable society. In the same vein, it is argued that radical democracy might be useful at the local level, but does not offer a realistic perception of decision-making on the national level. For example, people might know what they want to see changing in their town and feel the urge to participate in the decision-making process of future local policy. Developing an opinion about issues at the local level often does not require specific skills or education. Deliberation in order to combat the problem of groupthink, in which the view of the majority dominates over the view of the minority, can be useful in this setting. However, people might not be skilled enough or willing to decide about national or international problems. A radical democracy approach for overcoming the flaws of democracy is, it is argued, not suitable for levels higher than the local one.", "He also wrote a testamentary deposition, explicitly nominating him [i.e. Ezel] as his successor [Wal\u00ed], and added, 'Write the eight [unwritten] \"V\u00e1\u1e25id\"s of the Bey\u00e1n, and, if \" He whom God shall manifest\" should appear in His power in thy time, abrogate the Bey\u00e1n; and put into practice that which we shall inspire into thine heart.' Now the mystery of his bestowing his effects on Ezel according to the 'Number of the Unity' is perfectly evident, namely that he intended the inner meaning thereof, that it might be known to all his followers that after himself Ezel should bear the Divine influences. And his object in explicitly nominating him as his successor also was to re-assure the hearts of the weak, so that they might not be bewildered as to his real nature, but that enemies and friends alike might know that there is no intermission in God's grace, and that God's religion is a thing which must be made manifest. And the reason why [the B\u00e1b] himself refrained from writing the eight [unwritten] V\u00e1\u1e25ids of the Bey\u00e1n, but left them to Ezel, was that all men might know that the Tongue of God is one, and that He in Himself is a sovereign Proof. And what he meant by 'Him whom God should manifest' after himself was Hazrat-i-Ezel and none other than him, for there may not be two ' Points ' at one time. And the secret of the B\u00e1b's saying, ' Do thus and thus,' while Ezel was himself also a ' Proof,' was that at this time His Holiness ' the Reminder was the Heaven of Volition, and Ezel was accounted the Earth of Devotion and the product of purified gifts,", "The Grain \"The Grain\" or \"A Grain As Big As A Hen's Egg\" (Russian: \u0417\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u044f\u0439\u0446\u043e) is an 1886 short story by Leo Tolstoy about a king seeking to understand the properties of a grain he acquires. One day some children found a strange object in a ravine, and they sold it to a passerby for a penny, who then sold it to a curiosity shop. Eventually the object found its way to the king, and the king was very curious to know what it was. He called together his wise men, and they discovered that the object, about the size of a hen's egg, was actually a large grain. The king wanted to know where such a large grain could come from, and he had his men bring him an old peasant, hoping that he might know something of it. An old decrepit peasant, nearly blind and unable to walk, was brought before the king. The king showed him the grain, and the peasant said that he had never seen anything like it before, but maybe his father would know something. The peasant's father was found and brought before the king. The father was apparently healthier than the son, with only one bad leg and better eyes. He, however, still could not identify the grain, but suggested that his father might know something about it. That peasant's father was found, and he was a healthy man with good legs and bright eyes. He identified the grain as one that he and his family had planted in abundance in their time.", "The nine pastors sent in the metal of their provinces, and the tripods were cast, with representations on them of those objects. All the objects were represented, and [instructions were given] of the preparations to be made in reference to them, so that the people might know the sprites and evil things. Thus the people, when they went among the rivers, marshes, hills, and forests, did not meet with the injurious things, and the hill-sprites, monstrous things, and water-sprites, did not meet with them [to do them injury]. Note how translates each \"chimei-wangliang\" syllable individually: \"chimei\" \"injurious things, and the hill-sprites\" and \"wangliang\" \"monstrous things, and water-sprites\". Wang Chong's \"Lunheng\" (late 1st century CE) considers the \"chimei\" as a dragon hybrid, \"Those who give their opinion on the ch'i, state that they are dragon-like beings; therefore, as the word mei is copulated to (the name of) a dragon, the mei must be a congener of this animal.\" In Chinese folklore and art, most dragons, including the \"long\" , are represented with two horns. Besides the \"chi\" , only a few dragons supposedly lacked horns, for instance, \"jiaolong\" \"aquatic dragon; hornless dragon; crocodile\" or \"qiulong\" \"horned dragon; hornless dragon\". In comparative mythology as well, horned dragons are generally more common than hornless ones.", "However I know about a lake at a distance of 2 Yojanas from here, which is coincidentally named Indradyumna Sarovar, where my friend a giant crane called \"N\u0101dijangh\u0101\" lives. He is older than me, he might know who you are\u201d. All three went to the lake and sadly N\u0101dijangh\u0101 also did not know Indradyumna. He said, \u201cIt is quite possible that my old friend, the great king of turtles, Ak\u016bp\u0101ra, who has lived here since before my parents' time, might know something of Indradyumna\u201d. N\u0101dijangha called for Ak\u016bp\u0101ra. On knowing that Indradyumna arrived, tears of joy ran down A\u0100k\u016bp\u0101ra\u2019s eyes and he trembled with deep emotion. He prostrated before the King and said, \u201cO Mighty King Indradyumna, I am blessed to have obtained sight of you after so many years. You did thousands of Yajnyas, built thousands of Y\u016bpa-stambhas and gave away millions of cow in charity as \"d\u0101nam\". This very Sarovar was formed by the activity of the cow hooves (he gave away some many!) and that is why it bears your name.\u201d Immediately, a divya vim\u0101na (celestial vehicle) came for Indradyumna and took him to urdhva loka (the higher worlds). God never leaves good people. Lord Vishnu made Indradyumna realize that there is Kaivalyam which is beyond Swarga, all Urdhvalokas etc., through his next rebirth as Gajendra. He blessed him with Moksham when Gajendra left all his pride, doubt and totally surrendered himself to God. Morals in the story:"], "answer": {"text": "Winans co-wrote the two-part song \"I Need a Girl", "answer_start": 1215}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Were any other popular artists besides Mario Winans featured on the album Story of My Heart?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some singles off of the album?", "answer": {"text": "the song \"Don't Know", "answer_start": 496, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this his first album?", "answer": {"text": "his debut album Story of My Heart on", "answer_start": 437, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards for the album?", "answer": {"text": "the album failed to chart.", "answer_start": 545, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ec43f7ab8bd49b9a2ecc75ff2141c6d_0_q#0", "question": "Is La Noia a novel?", "rewrite": "Is La Noia a novel?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["CE Noia Club Esportiu Noia, also known as CE Noia Freixenet for sponsorship reasons, is a professional roller hockey team based in Sant Sadurn\u00ed d'Anoia, Catalonia. Nowadays plays in the OK Liga, the most important division in Spain. CE Noia was founded in 1951 as \"Secci\u00f3n Deportiva Noia\" and changed its name firstly in 1959 to \"Ateneo Agrario de Noia\" and finally in 1992 to its current denomination as \"Club Esportiu Noia\". The club won the Spanish championship in 1988, and the following year it won the European Cup and the Continental Cup. In 1998 the team won the CERS Cup and the Copa del Rey. In 2008 it won its second national cup, and in 2014 it won its second CERS Cup", "e decifrazione dello Zodiaco\", a real milestone for zodiac knowledge , that reached tens further editions, as a long seller, in several countries. In 1975 she published \"Macbarath\", a science-fiction novel which anticipated her future astrological discoveries. In 1979 she published what was defined her most important astrological book \"Il convitato di pietra\". In 1988 she published her fourth novel : \"La noia di Priapo\". Between 1983 and 1992 she published \"Lezioni di Astrologia\" in order to further her astrological theories: \"La natura dei segni\", \"La natura dei pianeti\", \"La natura delle case\", \"La natura dei transiti\". Among other books, she wrote \"L'astrologia e l'amore\" and \"Bimbo astrologo\". In her theories Lisa applied a logical and rational approach to astrology. She revisited astrological theories reconfiguring the system of domiciles and exaltations of the planets. This approach gave more value to astrological theories which suggested the existence of two more planets. Lisa defined them as \"X-Demetra\" and \"Y-Eolo\". X would signify the great female principal, in complementary opposition to the meaning of Pluto. Y would signify the great ruler of long and slow time and low frequencies - lord of meteorological and geological phenomena, in complementary opposition to the meaning of Neptune. Lisa organised and directed 12 congresses of astrological studies. The first one in Laveno in 1976, others in Ferrara, Varese, Mantova, Verona, Riccione, the last one in 1993.", "In 1960, Moravia published La Noia (Boredom or The Empty Canvas), the story of the troubled sexual relationship between a young, rich painter striving to find sense in his life and an easygoing girl in Rome. Becoming known as one of his most famous novels, it won the Viareggio Prize. An adaptation was filmed by Damiano Damiani in 1962. Another adaptation of the book is the basis of Cedric Kahn's film L'ennui (The Ennui, 1998). Several films were based on his other novels: in 1960, Vittorio De Sica adapted La Ciociara, starring Sophia Loren; in 1963 Jean-Luc Godard filmed Il Disprezzo (Contempt) and in 1964, Francesco Maselli filmed Gli Indifferenti (1964). In 1962, Moravia and Elsa Morante parted; he went to live with the young writer Dacia Maraini and concentrated on theatre. In 1966, he, Maraini and Enzo Siciliano founded Il Porcospino, which staged works by Moravia, Maraini, Carlo Emilio Gadda and others. In 1967 Moravia visited China, Japan and Korea. In 1971 he published the novel Io e lui (I and He or The Two of Us) about a screenwriter, his independent penis and the situations to which he thrusts them and the essay Poesia e romanzo (Poetry and Novel). In 1972 he went to Africa, which inspired his work A quale tribu appartieni? (Which Tribe Do You Belong To? ), published in the same year. His 1982 trip to Japan, including a visit to Hiroshima, inspired a series of articles for L'Espresso magazine about the atomic bomb.", "The Empty Canvas The Empty Canvas is a 1963 Italian drama film directed by Damiano Damiani. The screenplay by Damiani, Tonino Guerra, and Ugo Liberatore is based on the best-selling novel \"La Noia\" by Alberto Moravia. The film stars Horst Buchholz, Catherine Spaak, Isa Miranda and Bette Davis. Mediocre artist Dino is obsessed with young model Cecilia and distraught that she shares her sexual favors not only with him, but with actor Luciani as well. In an effort to derail her plan to vacation in Capri with his rival, Dino proposes marriage, and when she rejects his offer, he invites Cecilia to join him at the Rome estate of his domineering mother, a wealthy American, in the hope that he can seduce her with his glamorous lifestyle. Despairing that he will never have a monogamous relationship with her, he crashes his sportscar into a wall. While recovering in the hospital, he realizes his feelings will never be reciprocated. When Cecilia returns from her trip assuming their liaison will continue, Dino announces that the affair is over. The film was released in Italy as \"La noia\" (\"Boredom\") and in France as \"L'ennui et sa diversion, l'\u00e9rotisme\" (\"Boredom and its Diversion, Eroticism\"). A dubbed English language version of the film was released in the United States by Embassy Pictures in 1964. In his review in the \"New York Times\", Howard Thompson observed, \"under Damiano Damiani's studied direction, the incidents move in stilted, crabwise fashion... Miss Davis... is truly a sight, looking like a Pekingese under a blonde bob and growling an atrocious Southern accent...", "Merritt taught the men how to dance and perform. Merritt became the choreographer of the Los Angeles show, and ultimately took charge of New York also. This resulted in two separate shows being performed, the De Noia touring version, and the Banerjee-Merritt Version. Banerjee could not tolerate De Noia's ownership of the touring companies and in 1987 hired a hit man to murder De Noia and Nahin. De Noia was killed. Nahin was not in New York at the time and escaped the killing. Mayeron took over producing duties until Banerjee successfully purchased the touring rights from De Noia's heirs for $1 million. Once De Noia was killed, Merritt took control of the touring shows as well. A video based on the Steve Merritt show, titled \"Tall, Dark & Handsome\" produced by Creative Director Eric Gilbert and Steve Banerjee was released through Celebrity Home Entertainment and sold in wide retail through Spencer Gifts and Target. The Chippendales, though still popular, continued to suffer from legal troubles, conflicts with \"copycat\" companies, and in 1993, an allegation of murder \u2014 that Banerjee had arranged De Noia's 1987 killing and the proposed killing of Nahin. Banerjee was arrested and his bail denied, due in part to testimony that Banerjee had said he intended to pay a private pilot $25,000 to fly him back to India without a passport, and threatened to commit suicide if he was arrested. Soon after, the charges against him were expanded to include the hired hit of De Noia and the planned hit of Nahin and a group in Europe known as Adonis. In the early morning of October 23, 1994, after sentencing, Banerjee's body was found lying in his linen-free cell dead from what was officially termed a self-inflicted hanging."], "answer": {"text": "book", "answer_start": 364}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9ec43f7ab8bd49b9a2ecc75ff2141c6d_0_q#1", "question": "What is La Noia about?", "rewrite": "What is the novel La Noia about?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Empty Canvas The Empty Canvas is a 1963 Italian drama film directed by Damiano Damiani. The screenplay by Damiani, Tonino Guerra, and Ugo Liberatore is based on the best-selling novel \"La Noia\" by Alberto Moravia. The film stars Horst Buchholz, Catherine Spaak, Isa Miranda and Bette Davis. Mediocre artist Dino is obsessed with young model Cecilia and distraught that she shares her sexual favors not only with him, but with actor Luciani as well. In an effort to derail her plan to vacation in Capri with his rival, Dino proposes marriage, and when she rejects his offer, he invites Cecilia to join him at the Rome estate of his domineering mother, a wealthy American, in the hope that he can seduce her with his glamorous lifestyle. Despairing that he will never have a monogamous relationship with her, he crashes his sportscar into a wall. While recovering in the hospital, he realizes his feelings will never be reciprocated. When Cecilia returns from her trip assuming their liaison will continue, Dino announces that the affair is over. The film was released in Italy as \"La noia\" (\"Boredom\") and in France as \"L'ennui et sa diversion, l'\u00e9rotisme\" (\"Boredom and its Diversion, Eroticism\"). A dubbed English language version of the film was released in the United States by Embassy Pictures in 1964. In his review in the \"New York Times\", Howard Thompson observed, \"under Damiano Damiani's studied direction, the incidents move in stilted, crabwise fashion... Miss Davis... is truly a sight, looking like a Pekingese under a blonde bob and growling an atrocious Southern accent...", "CE Noia Club Esportiu Noia, also known as CE Noia Freixenet for sponsorship reasons, is a professional roller hockey team based in Sant Sadurn\u00ed d'Anoia, Catalonia. Nowadays plays in the OK Liga, the most important division in Spain. CE Noia was founded in 1951 as \"Secci\u00f3n Deportiva Noia\" and changed its name firstly in 1959 to \"Ateneo Agrario de Noia\" and finally in 1992 to its current denomination as \"Club Esportiu Noia\". The club won the Spanish championship in 1988, and the following year it won the European Cup and the Continental Cup. In 1998 the team won the CERS Cup and the Copa del Rey. In 2008 it won its second national cup, and in 2014 it won its second CERS Cup", "e decifrazione dello Zodiaco\", a real milestone for zodiac knowledge , that reached tens further editions, as a long seller, in several countries. In 1975 she published \"Macbarath\", a science-fiction novel which anticipated her future astrological discoveries. In 1979 she published what was defined her most important astrological book \"Il convitato di pietra\". In 1988 she published her fourth novel : \"La noia di Priapo\". Between 1983 and 1992 she published \"Lezioni di Astrologia\" in order to further her astrological theories: \"La natura dei segni\", \"La natura dei pianeti\", \"La natura delle case\", \"La natura dei transiti\". Among other books, she wrote \"L'astrologia e l'amore\" and \"Bimbo astrologo\". In her theories Lisa applied a logical and rational approach to astrology. She revisited astrological theories reconfiguring the system of domiciles and exaltations of the planets. This approach gave more value to astrological theories which suggested the existence of two more planets. Lisa defined them as \"X-Demetra\" and \"Y-Eolo\". X would signify the great female principal, in complementary opposition to the meaning of Pluto. Y would signify the great ruler of long and slow time and low frequencies - lord of meteorological and geological phenomena, in complementary opposition to the meaning of Neptune. Lisa organised and directed 12 congresses of astrological studies. The first one in Laveno in 1976, others in Ferrara, Varese, Mantova, Verona, Riccione, the last one in 1993.", "Merritt taught the men how to dance and perform. Merritt became the choreographer of the Los Angeles show, and ultimately took charge of New York also. This resulted in two separate shows being performed, the De Noia touring version, and the Banerjee-Merritt Version. Banerjee could not tolerate De Noia's ownership of the touring companies and in 1987 hired a hit man to murder De Noia and Nahin. De Noia was killed. Nahin was not in New York at the time and escaped the killing. Mayeron took over producing duties until Banerjee successfully purchased the touring rights from De Noia's heirs for $1 million. Once De Noia was killed, Merritt took control of the touring shows as well. A video based on the Steve Merritt show, titled \"Tall, Dark & Handsome\" produced by Creative Director Eric Gilbert and Steve Banerjee was released through Celebrity Home Entertainment and sold in wide retail through Spencer Gifts and Target. The Chippendales, though still popular, continued to suffer from legal troubles, conflicts with \"copycat\" companies, and in 1993, an allegation of murder \u2014 that Banerjee had arranged De Noia's 1987 killing and the proposed killing of Nahin. Banerjee was arrested and his bail denied, due in part to testimony that Banerjee had said he intended to pay a private pilot $25,000 to fly him back to India without a passport, and threatened to commit suicide if he was arrested. Soon after, the charges against him were expanded to include the hired hit of De Noia and the planned hit of Nahin and a group in Europe known as Adonis. In the early morning of October 23, 1994, after sentencing, Banerjee's body was found lying in his linen-free cell dead from what was officially termed a self-inflicted hanging.", "In 1960, Moravia published La Noia (Boredom or The Empty Canvas), the story of the troubled sexual relationship between a young, rich painter striving to find sense in his life and an easygoing girl in Rome. Becoming known as one of his most famous novels, it won the Viareggio Prize. An adaptation was filmed by Damiano Damiani in 1962. Another adaptation of the book is the basis of Cedric Kahn's film L'ennui (The Ennui, 1998). Several films were based on his other novels: in 1960, Vittorio De Sica adapted La Ciociara, starring Sophia Loren; in 1963 Jean-Luc Godard filmed Il Disprezzo (Contempt) and in 1964, Francesco Maselli filmed Gli Indifferenti (1964). In 1962, Moravia and Elsa Morante parted; he went to live with the young writer Dacia Maraini and concentrated on theatre. In 1966, he, Maraini and Enzo Siciliano founded Il Porcospino, which staged works by Moravia, Maraini, Carlo Emilio Gadda and others. In 1967 Moravia visited China, Japan and Korea. In 1971 he published the novel Io e lui (I and He or The Two of Us) about a screenwriter, his independent penis and the situations to which he thrusts them and the essay Poesia e romanzo (Poetry and Novel). In 1972 he went to Africa, which inspired his work A quale tribu appartieni? (Which Tribe Do You Belong To? ), published in the same year. His 1982 trip to Japan, including a visit to Hiroshima, inspired a series of articles for L'Espresso magazine about the atomic bomb."], "answer": {"text": "), the story of the troubled sexual relationship between a young, rich painter striving to find sense in his life and an easygoing girl in Rome.", "answer_start": 63}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Is La Noia a novel?", "answer": {"text": "book", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ec43f7ab8bd49b9a2ecc75ff2141c6d_0_q#2", "question": "Was it well received by the public and critics?", "rewrite": "Was La Noia well received by the public and critics?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["CE Noia Club Esportiu Noia, also known as CE Noia Freixenet for sponsorship reasons, is a professional roller hockey team based in Sant Sadurn\u00ed d'Anoia, Catalonia. Nowadays plays in the OK Liga, the most important division in Spain. CE Noia was founded in 1951 as \"Secci\u00f3n Deportiva Noia\" and changed its name firstly in 1959 to \"Ateneo Agrario de Noia\" and finally in 1992 to its current denomination as \"Club Esportiu Noia\". The club won the Spanish championship in 1988, and the following year it won the European Cup and the Continental Cup. In 1998 the team won the CERS Cup and the Copa del Rey. In 2008 it won its second national cup, and in 2014 it won its second CERS Cup", "The Empty Canvas The Empty Canvas is a 1963 Italian drama film directed by Damiano Damiani. The screenplay by Damiani, Tonino Guerra, and Ugo Liberatore is based on the best-selling novel \"La Noia\" by Alberto Moravia. The film stars Horst Buchholz, Catherine Spaak, Isa Miranda and Bette Davis. Mediocre artist Dino is obsessed with young model Cecilia and distraught that she shares her sexual favors not only with him, but with actor Luciani as well. In an effort to derail her plan to vacation in Capri with his rival, Dino proposes marriage, and when she rejects his offer, he invites Cecilia to join him at the Rome estate of his domineering mother, a wealthy American, in the hope that he can seduce her with his glamorous lifestyle. Despairing that he will never have a monogamous relationship with her, he crashes his sportscar into a wall. While recovering in the hospital, he realizes his feelings will never be reciprocated. When Cecilia returns from her trip assuming their liaison will continue, Dino announces that the affair is over. The film was released in Italy as \"La noia\" (\"Boredom\") and in France as \"L'ennui et sa diversion, l'\u00e9rotisme\" (\"Boredom and its Diversion, Eroticism\"). A dubbed English language version of the film was released in the United States by Embassy Pictures in 1964. In his review in the \"New York Times\", Howard Thompson observed, \"under Damiano Damiani's studied direction, the incidents move in stilted, crabwise fashion... Miss Davis... is truly a sight, looking like a Pekingese under a blonde bob and growling an atrocious Southern accent...", "e decifrazione dello Zodiaco\", a real milestone for zodiac knowledge , that reached tens further editions, as a long seller, in several countries. In 1975 she published \"Macbarath\", a science-fiction novel which anticipated her future astrological discoveries. In 1979 she published what was defined her most important astrological book \"Il convitato di pietra\". In 1988 she published her fourth novel : \"La noia di Priapo\". Between 1983 and 1992 she published \"Lezioni di Astrologia\" in order to further her astrological theories: \"La natura dei segni\", \"La natura dei pianeti\", \"La natura delle case\", \"La natura dei transiti\". Among other books, she wrote \"L'astrologia e l'amore\" and \"Bimbo astrologo\". In her theories Lisa applied a logical and rational approach to astrology. She revisited astrological theories reconfiguring the system of domiciles and exaltations of the planets. This approach gave more value to astrological theories which suggested the existence of two more planets. Lisa defined them as \"X-Demetra\" and \"Y-Eolo\". X would signify the great female principal, in complementary opposition to the meaning of Pluto. Y would signify the great ruler of long and slow time and low frequencies - lord of meteorological and geological phenomena, in complementary opposition to the meaning of Neptune. Lisa organised and directed 12 congresses of astrological studies. The first one in Laveno in 1976, others in Ferrara, Varese, Mantova, Verona, Riccione, the last one in 1993.", "Antonino Rocchetti Torres Antonino or Antonio Rocchetti Torres (Palermo, Sicily, 1851 \u2013 1934) was an Italian painter, depicting landscape and genre scenes. He studied initially at a military institute and the at a \"scuole pubbliche tecniche e normali\". His family had hoped he would pursue teaching. In 1875 Andrea Costa encouraged Rocchetti to continue to paint. Constrained to alternating between the roles of instructor and artist, Rocchetti's output was limited. His painting subjects were influenced by Filippo Palizzi. He sent works to the National Exhibition of Rome in 1883 and that of Venice in 1887. Among his works: \"La tentazione\"; \"Le prime zucche\"; Il chiamo dei piccioni; Sui monti; \"La noia\"; \"Un angolo del mio studio\"; \"Al fonte e Nell'orto\"; \"Un cortile\"; \"La pronipote\"; \"Agosto\"; \"In riva al mare\"; and \"Conforto\". One of his landscapes was part of an exhibit at the Palermo Gallery of Modern Art in 2013.", "Merritt taught the men how to dance and perform. Merritt became the choreographer of the Los Angeles show, and ultimately took charge of New York also. This resulted in two separate shows being performed, the De Noia touring version, and the Banerjee-Merritt Version. Banerjee could not tolerate De Noia's ownership of the touring companies and in 1987 hired a hit man to murder De Noia and Nahin. De Noia was killed. Nahin was not in New York at the time and escaped the killing. Mayeron took over producing duties until Banerjee successfully purchased the touring rights from De Noia's heirs for $1 million. Once De Noia was killed, Merritt took control of the touring shows as well. A video based on the Steve Merritt show, titled \"Tall, Dark & Handsome\" produced by Creative Director Eric Gilbert and Steve Banerjee was released through Celebrity Home Entertainment and sold in wide retail through Spencer Gifts and Target. The Chippendales, though still popular, continued to suffer from legal troubles, conflicts with \"copycat\" companies, and in 1993, an allegation of murder \u2014 that Banerjee had arranged De Noia's 1987 killing and the proposed killing of Nahin. Banerjee was arrested and his bail denied, due in part to testimony that Banerjee had said he intended to pay a private pilot $25,000 to fly him back to India without a passport, and threatened to commit suicide if he was arrested. Soon after, the charges against him were expanded to include the hired hit of De Noia and the planned hit of Nahin and a group in Europe known as Adonis. In the early morning of October 23, 1994, after sentencing, Banerjee's body was found lying in his linen-free cell dead from what was officially termed a self-inflicted hanging."], "answer": {"text": "known as one of his most famous novels, it won the Viareggio Prize.", "answer_start": 217}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is La Noia a novel?", "answer": {"text": "book", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is La Noia about?", "answer": {"text": "), the story of the troubled sexual relationship between a young, rich painter striving to find sense in his life and an easygoing girl in Rome.", "answer_start": 63, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ec43f7ab8bd49b9a2ecc75ff2141c6d_0_q#3", "question": "What did Moravia do in later life?", "rewrite": "What did novelist Alberto Moravia do in later life?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Under the Colonna the city met another period of artistic and cultural splendour, thanks of the court held by Giulia Gonzaga, who lived in Fondi between 1526 and 1534. In 1534, Fondi was sacked by Barbarossa, who was seeking to kidnap the beautiful Giulia and bring her as a gift to his emperor Suleiman. However, she managed to escape. Another sack followed in 1594, starting the decline of the city, which had in the meantime passed to the Carafa of Stigliano. In 1720 Fondi was acquired by the di Sangro family. In 1818 the declining city, surrounded by malaria-infested marshes malaria and brigandage, lost the bishopric seat existing there since the very early years of Christianity. After the Armistice of 8 September 1943, the anti-Fascist novelist Alberto Moravia and his wife Elsa Morante took refuge in Fondi; the experience inspired Moravia's book \"La Ciociara\" (\"The Woman from Ciociaria\") (1958). Agriculture in the area around Fondi has always been favoured by the presence of abundant water sources and by the climatic conditions. The traditional production of citrus has been recently supplanted by that of vegetables and fruit of all kinds. Fondi is the seat of an important market for agriculture and food products which distribute millions of tons of agricultural products every year. Fondi's main sights include:", "La Stampa La Stampa (meaning \"The Press\" in English) is an Italian daily newspaper published in Turin, Italy. It is distributed in Italy and other European nations. It is one of the oldest newspapers in Italy. The paper was founded by Vittorio Bersezio, a journalist and novelist, in February 1867 with the name \"Gazzetta Piemontese\". In 1895, the newspaper was bought (and by then edited) by Alfredo Frassati (father of Pier Giorgio Frassati), who gave it its current name and a national perspective. For criticising the 1924 murder of the socialist Giacomo Matteotti, he was forced to resign and sell the newspaper to Giovanni Agnelli. The financier Riccardo Gualino also took a share. The paper is now owned by GEDI Gruppo Editoriale It has a centrist stance. The former contributors of \"La Stampa\" include Italian novelist Alberto Moravia. \"La Stampa\", based in Turin, was published in broadsheet format until November 2006 when the paper began to be published in the berliner format. It launched a website in 1999. \" La Stampa\" also launched a project, called \"Vatican Insider\", run by the daily newspaper and has among its staff several Vatican affairs analysts. Since 26 May 2006 it has published a monthly magazine: \"Specchio+\". From 26 January 1996 to 7 April 2006, it was called \"Specchio\", which was published as a weekly supplement, a general interest magazine. In September 2012 \"La Stampa\" moved to its new headquarters in Turin, leaving its historical editorial building. Mario Calabresi is the editor-in-chief of the daily.", "Due to its relevant historical content for the Italian culture, the book was inserted into the historical series of the Italian editor Mursia In a late evening of September 1974 (16 years before his death), Alberto Moravia is the great defendant in a process that takes place in one of the \"liberty\" rooms of the Tamerici baths in Montecatini. The accuser is Aldo Rossi, the defender of Moravia is Geno Pampaloni, a well known Italian book reviewer. It was more a great opportunity for Moravia to express himself, his ideas and his motives to write rather than the focus on the process itself. He explained so much that it could have been possible to draft his autobiography. He was brought to the process because of his lack of proper interest in the country's affairs. He confesses his thoughts in front of an audience that previously had witnessed at the process of Pier Paolo Pasolini and accept his reasons as well as it did with Moravia's in this trial fiction. Moravia claims he is a disciple of F\u00ebdor Dostoevskij (Fyodor Dostoyevsky) : indeed traces of the Russian writer can be recognized in his literature. Alberto Moravia outlines his strong tendency to tell stories and his great curiosity as to illustrate his disengaged literature. Geno Pampaloni deems him to be the most illustrious journalist in Italy; nowadays he is still remembered as one of the greatest journalist. Vips and stars is a unique story of characters that recalls the Belle \u00c9poque period and the roaring '60s. Its main characters are divas, geniuses, kings, lords, queens, maraharaja, writers, politicians, musicians, movie producers, actors and actresses. These celebrities are inserted in the scenario of the faboulous and famous city of Montecatini Terme.", "Submitted to the Spanish Prix Formentor, the response of the chair of the judges, the Italian novelist Alberto Moravia meant that she suffered writer's block for some years afterwards. According to Tennant, he \"tossed my book into a wastepaper basket and declared, 'This book stands for the decadence of British contemporary culture'. \" It was not until 1973 that her second novel, \"The Time of the Crack\", was first published. Between 1975 and 1979, she edited a literary magazine, \"Bananas\", which helped launch the careers of several young novelists. A large number of books by Tennant followed: thrillers, children\u2019s books, fantasies, and several revisionist takes on classic novels, including a sequel to \"Pride and Prejudice\" called \"Pemberley\". In later years, she began to treat her own life in such books as \"Girlitude\" and \"Burnt Diaries\" (both published in 1999), the second of which details her affair with Ted Hughes. \"He was so odd \u2013 to put it mildly\", she wrote. \"The French Dancer's Bastard\", which recounts the life of Adele, the daughter of Mr Rochester from \"Jane Eyre\", was published in October 2006. \"The Autobiography of the Queen\", written with Hilary Bailey, was published in October 2007. Tennant was married four times, including to the journalist and author Christopher Booker between 1963 and 1968 and the political writer Alexander Cockburn between 13 December 1968 and 1973. She had a son, the author Matthew Yorke, from her first marriage, plus two daughters. Daisy, from her marriage to Cockburn teaches the Alexander technique, while Rose Dempsey, from a relationship with publisher Michael Dempsey, works for the Serpentine Galleries.", "Elsa Morante Elsa Morante (; 18 August 191225 November 1985) was an Italian novelist, best known for her novel \"La storia\" (\"History\"), which appears in the Bokklubben World Library, a list of the hundred best books of all time. Elsa Morante was born in Rome, Italy, in 1912, the daughter of Irma (n\u00e9e Poggibonsi), a schoolteacher, and Francesco Lo Monaco, from Sicily. Her mother was Jewish and her father was Sicilian. Her mother's husband was Augusto Morante. Except for a period during World War II, she resided in her home city until her death in 1985. She married the novelist Alberto Moravia in 1941, and through him she met many of the leading Italian thinkers and writers of the day. Morante began writing short stories which appeared in various publications and periodicals, including periodicals for children, in the 1930s. Her first book was a collection of some of the stories, \"Il Gioco Segreto\", published in 1941. It was followed in 1942 by a children's book, \"Le Bellissime avventure di Cater\u00ec dalla Trecciolina\" (rewritten in 1959 as \"Le straordinarie avventure di Caterina\"). Towards the end of World War II, Morante with her husband, novelist and film critic Alberto Moravia, fearful because both were of half Jewish descent, fled to the area around the Ciociara region near Rome, a flight that inspired Morante's \"La storia\" and Moravia's \"La Ciociara\" (translated into English as \"Two Women\" and later made into a film with Sophia Loren). Southern Italy is the backdrop for much of her work."], "answer": {"text": "he published the novel Io e lui (", "answer_start": 978}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is La Noia a novel?", "answer": {"text": "book", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is La Noia about?", "answer": {"text": "), the story of the troubled sexual relationship between a young, rich painter striving to find sense in his life and an easygoing girl in Rome.", "answer_start": 63, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it well received by the public and critics?", "answer": {"text": "known as one of his most famous novels, it won the Viareggio Prize.", "answer_start": 217, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ec43f7ab8bd49b9a2ecc75ff2141c6d_0_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Aside from the plot of La Noia, are there any other interesting aspects about the article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Empty Canvas The Empty Canvas is a 1963 Italian drama film directed by Damiano Damiani. The screenplay by Damiani, Tonino Guerra, and Ugo Liberatore is based on the best-selling novel \"La Noia\" by Alberto Moravia. The film stars Horst Buchholz, Catherine Spaak, Isa Miranda and Bette Davis. Mediocre artist Dino is obsessed with young model Cecilia and distraught that she shares her sexual favors not only with him, but with actor Luciani as well. In an effort to derail her plan to vacation in Capri with his rival, Dino proposes marriage, and when she rejects his offer, he invites Cecilia to join him at the Rome estate of his domineering mother, a wealthy American, in the hope that he can seduce her with his glamorous lifestyle. Despairing that he will never have a monogamous relationship with her, he crashes his sportscar into a wall. While recovering in the hospital, he realizes his feelings will never be reciprocated. When Cecilia returns from her trip assuming their liaison will continue, Dino announces that the affair is over. The film was released in Italy as \"La noia\" (\"Boredom\") and in France as \"L'ennui et sa diversion, l'\u00e9rotisme\" (\"Boredom and its Diversion, Eroticism\"). A dubbed English language version of the film was released in the United States by Embassy Pictures in 1964. In his review in the \"New York Times\", Howard Thompson observed, \"under Damiano Damiani's studied direction, the incidents move in stilted, crabwise fashion... Miss Davis... is truly a sight, looking like a Pekingese under a blonde bob and growling an atrocious Southern accent...", "Merritt taught the men how to dance and perform. Merritt became the choreographer of the Los Angeles show, and ultimately took charge of New York also. This resulted in two separate shows being performed, the De Noia touring version, and the Banerjee-Merritt Version. Banerjee could not tolerate De Noia's ownership of the touring companies and in 1987 hired a hit man to murder De Noia and Nahin. De Noia was killed. Nahin was not in New York at the time and escaped the killing. Mayeron took over producing duties until Banerjee successfully purchased the touring rights from De Noia's heirs for $1 million. Once De Noia was killed, Merritt took control of the touring shows as well. A video based on the Steve Merritt show, titled \"Tall, Dark & Handsome\" produced by Creative Director Eric Gilbert and Steve Banerjee was released through Celebrity Home Entertainment and sold in wide retail through Spencer Gifts and Target. The Chippendales, though still popular, continued to suffer from legal troubles, conflicts with \"copycat\" companies, and in 1993, an allegation of murder \u2014 that Banerjee had arranged De Noia's 1987 killing and the proposed killing of Nahin. Banerjee was arrested and his bail denied, due in part to testimony that Banerjee had said he intended to pay a private pilot $25,000 to fly him back to India without a passport, and threatened to commit suicide if he was arrested. Soon after, the charges against him were expanded to include the hired hit of De Noia and the planned hit of Nahin and a group in Europe known as Adonis. In the early morning of October 23, 1994, after sentencing, Banerjee's body was found lying in his linen-free cell dead from what was officially termed a self-inflicted hanging.", "Antonino Rocchetti Torres Antonino or Antonio Rocchetti Torres (Palermo, Sicily, 1851 \u2013 1934) was an Italian painter, depicting landscape and genre scenes. He studied initially at a military institute and the at a \"scuole pubbliche tecniche e normali\". His family had hoped he would pursue teaching. In 1875 Andrea Costa encouraged Rocchetti to continue to paint. Constrained to alternating between the roles of instructor and artist, Rocchetti's output was limited. His painting subjects were influenced by Filippo Palizzi. He sent works to the National Exhibition of Rome in 1883 and that of Venice in 1887. Among his works: \"La tentazione\"; \"Le prime zucche\"; Il chiamo dei piccioni; Sui monti; \"La noia\"; \"Un angolo del mio studio\"; \"Al fonte e Nell'orto\"; \"Un cortile\"; \"La pronipote\"; \"Agosto\"; \"In riva al mare\"; and \"Conforto\". One of his landscapes was part of an exhibit at the Palermo Gallery of Modern Art in 2013.", "e decifrazione dello Zodiaco\", a real milestone for zodiac knowledge , that reached tens further editions, as a long seller, in several countries. In 1975 she published \"Macbarath\", a science-fiction novel which anticipated her future astrological discoveries. In 1979 she published what was defined her most important astrological book \"Il convitato di pietra\". In 1988 she published her fourth novel : \"La noia di Priapo\". Between 1983 and 1992 she published \"Lezioni di Astrologia\" in order to further her astrological theories: \"La natura dei segni\", \"La natura dei pianeti\", \"La natura delle case\", \"La natura dei transiti\". Among other books, she wrote \"L'astrologia e l'amore\" and \"Bimbo astrologo\". In her theories Lisa applied a logical and rational approach to astrology. She revisited astrological theories reconfiguring the system of domiciles and exaltations of the planets. This approach gave more value to astrological theories which suggested the existence of two more planets. Lisa defined them as \"X-Demetra\" and \"Y-Eolo\". X would signify the great female principal, in complementary opposition to the meaning of Pluto. Y would signify the great ruler of long and slow time and low frequencies - lord of meteorological and geological phenomena, in complementary opposition to the meaning of Neptune. Lisa organised and directed 12 congresses of astrological studies. The first one in Laveno in 1976, others in Ferrara, Varese, Mantova, Verona, Riccione, the last one in 1993.", "CE Noia Club Esportiu Noia, also known as CE Noia Freixenet for sponsorship reasons, is a professional roller hockey team based in Sant Sadurn\u00ed d'Anoia, Catalonia. Nowadays plays in the OK Liga, the most important division in Spain. CE Noia was founded in 1951 as \"Secci\u00f3n Deportiva Noia\" and changed its name firstly in 1959 to \"Ateneo Agrario de Noia\" and finally in 1992 to its current denomination as \"Club Esportiu Noia\". The club won the Spanish championship in 1988, and the following year it won the European Cup and the Continental Cup. In 1998 the team won the CERS Cup and the Copa del Rey. In 2008 it won its second national cup, and in 2014 it won its second CERS Cup"], "answer": {"text": "1984, Moravia was elected to the European Parliament", "answer_start": 404}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is La Noia a novel?", "answer": {"text": "book", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is La Noia about?", "answer": {"text": "), the story of the troubled sexual relationship between a young, rich painter striving to find sense in his life and an easygoing girl in Rome.", "answer_start": 63, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it well received by the public and critics?", "answer": {"text": "known as one of his most famous novels, it won the Viareggio Prize.", "answer_start": 217, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Moravia do in later life?", "answer": {"text": "he published the novel Io e lui (", "answer_start": 978, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ec43f7ab8bd49b9a2ecc75ff2141c6d_0_q#6", "question": "Was he married?", "rewrite": "Was novelist Alberto Moravia married?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Submitted to the Spanish Prix Formentor, the response of the chair of the judges, the Italian novelist Alberto Moravia meant that she suffered writer's block for some years afterwards. According to Tennant, he \"tossed my book into a wastepaper basket and declared, 'This book stands for the decadence of British contemporary culture'. \" It was not until 1973 that her second novel, \"The Time of the Crack\", was first published. Between 1975 and 1979, she edited a literary magazine, \"Bananas\", which helped launch the careers of several young novelists. A large number of books by Tennant followed: thrillers, children\u2019s books, fantasies, and several revisionist takes on classic novels, including a sequel to \"Pride and Prejudice\" called \"Pemberley\". In later years, she began to treat her own life in such books as \"Girlitude\" and \"Burnt Diaries\" (both published in 1999), the second of which details her affair with Ted Hughes. \"He was so odd \u2013 to put it mildly\", she wrote. \"The French Dancer's Bastard\", which recounts the life of Adele, the daughter of Mr Rochester from \"Jane Eyre\", was published in October 2006. \"The Autobiography of the Queen\", written with Hilary Bailey, was published in October 2007. Tennant was married four times, including to the journalist and author Christopher Booker between 1963 and 1968 and the political writer Alexander Cockburn between 13 December 1968 and 1973. She had a son, the author Matthew Yorke, from her first marriage, plus two daughters. Daisy, from her marriage to Cockburn teaches the Alexander technique, while Rose Dempsey, from a relationship with publisher Michael Dempsey, works for the Serpentine Galleries.", "La Stampa La Stampa (meaning \"The Press\" in English) is an Italian daily newspaper published in Turin, Italy. It is distributed in Italy and other European nations. It is one of the oldest newspapers in Italy. The paper was founded by Vittorio Bersezio, a journalist and novelist, in February 1867 with the name \"Gazzetta Piemontese\". In 1895, the newspaper was bought (and by then edited) by Alfredo Frassati (father of Pier Giorgio Frassati), who gave it its current name and a national perspective. For criticising the 1924 murder of the socialist Giacomo Matteotti, he was forced to resign and sell the newspaper to Giovanni Agnelli. The financier Riccardo Gualino also took a share. The paper is now owned by GEDI Gruppo Editoriale It has a centrist stance. The former contributors of \"La Stampa\" include Italian novelist Alberto Moravia. \"La Stampa\", based in Turin, was published in broadsheet format until November 2006 when the paper began to be published in the berliner format. It launched a website in 1999. \" La Stampa\" also launched a project, called \"Vatican Insider\", run by the daily newspaper and has among its staff several Vatican affairs analysts. Since 26 May 2006 it has published a monthly magazine: \"Specchio+\". From 26 January 1996 to 7 April 2006, it was called \"Specchio\", which was published as a weekly supplement, a general interest magazine. In September 2012 \"La Stampa\" moved to its new headquarters in Turin, leaving its historical editorial building. Mario Calabresi is the editor-in-chief of the daily.", "Under the Colonna the city met another period of artistic and cultural splendour, thanks of the court held by Giulia Gonzaga, who lived in Fondi between 1526 and 1534. In 1534, Fondi was sacked by Barbarossa, who was seeking to kidnap the beautiful Giulia and bring her as a gift to his emperor Suleiman. However, she managed to escape. Another sack followed in 1594, starting the decline of the city, which had in the meantime passed to the Carafa of Stigliano. In 1720 Fondi was acquired by the di Sangro family. In 1818 the declining city, surrounded by malaria-infested marshes malaria and brigandage, lost the bishopric seat existing there since the very early years of Christianity. After the Armistice of 8 September 1943, the anti-Fascist novelist Alberto Moravia and his wife Elsa Morante took refuge in Fondi; the experience inspired Moravia's book \"La Ciociara\" (\"The Woman from Ciociaria\") (1958). Agriculture in the area around Fondi has always been favoured by the presence of abundant water sources and by the climatic conditions. The traditional production of citrus has been recently supplanted by that of vegetables and fruit of all kinds. Fondi is the seat of an important market for agriculture and food products which distribute millions of tons of agricultural products every year. Fondi's main sights include:", "Due to its relevant historical content for the Italian culture, the book was inserted into the historical series of the Italian editor Mursia In a late evening of September 1974 (16 years before his death), Alberto Moravia is the great defendant in a process that takes place in one of the \"liberty\" rooms of the Tamerici baths in Montecatini. The accuser is Aldo Rossi, the defender of Moravia is Geno Pampaloni, a well known Italian book reviewer. It was more a great opportunity for Moravia to express himself, his ideas and his motives to write rather than the focus on the process itself. He explained so much that it could have been possible to draft his autobiography. He was brought to the process because of his lack of proper interest in the country's affairs. He confesses his thoughts in front of an audience that previously had witnessed at the process of Pier Paolo Pasolini and accept his reasons as well as it did with Moravia's in this trial fiction. Moravia claims he is a disciple of F\u00ebdor Dostoevskij (Fyodor Dostoyevsky) : indeed traces of the Russian writer can be recognized in his literature. Alberto Moravia outlines his strong tendency to tell stories and his great curiosity as to illustrate his disengaged literature. Geno Pampaloni deems him to be the most illustrious journalist in Italy; nowadays he is still remembered as one of the greatest journalist. Vips and stars is a unique story of characters that recalls the Belle \u00c9poque period and the roaring '60s. Its main characters are divas, geniuses, kings, lords, queens, maraharaja, writers, politicians, musicians, movie producers, actors and actresses. These celebrities are inserted in the scenario of the faboulous and famous city of Montecatini Terme.", "Elsa Morante Elsa Morante (; 18 August 191225 November 1985) was an Italian novelist, best known for her novel \"La storia\" (\"History\"), which appears in the Bokklubben World Library, a list of the hundred best books of all time. Elsa Morante was born in Rome, Italy, in 1912, the daughter of Irma (n\u00e9e Poggibonsi), a schoolteacher, and Francesco Lo Monaco, from Sicily. Her mother was Jewish and her father was Sicilian. Her mother's husband was Augusto Morante. Except for a period during World War II, she resided in her home city until her death in 1985. She married the novelist Alberto Moravia in 1941, and through him she met many of the leading Italian thinkers and writers of the day. Morante began writing short stories which appeared in various publications and periodicals, including periodicals for children, in the 1930s. Her first book was a collection of some of the stories, \"Il Gioco Segreto\", published in 1941. It was followed in 1942 by a children's book, \"Le Bellissime avventure di Cater\u00ec dalla Trecciolina\" (rewritten in 1959 as \"Le straordinarie avventure di Caterina\"). Towards the end of World War II, Morante with her husband, novelist and film critic Alberto Moravia, fearful because both were of half Jewish descent, fled to the area around the Ciociara region near Rome, a flight that inspired Morante's \"La storia\" and Moravia's \"La Ciociara\" (translated into English as \"Two Women\" and later made into a film with Sophia Loren). Southern Italy is the backdrop for much of her work."], "answer": {"text": "he married", "answer_start": 381}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is La Noia a novel?", "answer": {"text": "book", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is La Noia about?", "answer": {"text": "), the story of the troubled sexual relationship between a young, rich painter striving to find sense in his life and an easygoing girl in Rome.", "answer_start": 63, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it well received by the public and critics?", "answer": {"text": "known as one of his most famous novels, it won the Viareggio Prize.", "answer_start": 217, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Moravia do in later life?", "answer": {"text": "he published the novel Io e lui (", "answer_start": 978, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "1984, Moravia was elected to the European Parliament", "answer_start": 404, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What did he accomplish in Parliament?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ec43f7ab8bd49b9a2ecc75ff2141c6d_0_q#7", "question": "Whom did he marry?", "rewrite": "Whom did novelist Alberto Moravia marry?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["La Stampa La Stampa (meaning \"The Press\" in English) is an Italian daily newspaper published in Turin, Italy. It is distributed in Italy and other European nations. It is one of the oldest newspapers in Italy. The paper was founded by Vittorio Bersezio, a journalist and novelist, in February 1867 with the name \"Gazzetta Piemontese\". In 1895, the newspaper was bought (and by then edited) by Alfredo Frassati (father of Pier Giorgio Frassati), who gave it its current name and a national perspective. For criticising the 1924 murder of the socialist Giacomo Matteotti, he was forced to resign and sell the newspaper to Giovanni Agnelli. The financier Riccardo Gualino also took a share. The paper is now owned by GEDI Gruppo Editoriale It has a centrist stance. The former contributors of \"La Stampa\" include Italian novelist Alberto Moravia. \"La Stampa\", based in Turin, was published in broadsheet format until November 2006 when the paper began to be published in the berliner format. It launched a website in 1999. \" La Stampa\" also launched a project, called \"Vatican Insider\", run by the daily newspaper and has among its staff several Vatican affairs analysts. Since 26 May 2006 it has published a monthly magazine: \"Specchio+\". From 26 January 1996 to 7 April 2006, it was called \"Specchio\", which was published as a weekly supplement, a general interest magazine. In September 2012 \"La Stampa\" moved to its new headquarters in Turin, leaving its historical editorial building. Mario Calabresi is the editor-in-chief of the daily.", "Elsa Morante Elsa Morante (; 18 August 191225 November 1985) was an Italian novelist, best known for her novel \"La storia\" (\"History\"), which appears in the Bokklubben World Library, a list of the hundred best books of all time. Elsa Morante was born in Rome, Italy, in 1912, the daughter of Irma (n\u00e9e Poggibonsi), a schoolteacher, and Francesco Lo Monaco, from Sicily. Her mother was Jewish and her father was Sicilian. Her mother's husband was Augusto Morante. Except for a period during World War II, she resided in her home city until her death in 1985. She married the novelist Alberto Moravia in 1941, and through him she met many of the leading Italian thinkers and writers of the day. Morante began writing short stories which appeared in various publications and periodicals, including periodicals for children, in the 1930s. Her first book was a collection of some of the stories, \"Il Gioco Segreto\", published in 1941. It was followed in 1942 by a children's book, \"Le Bellissime avventure di Cater\u00ec dalla Trecciolina\" (rewritten in 1959 as \"Le straordinarie avventure di Caterina\"). Towards the end of World War II, Morante with her husband, novelist and film critic Alberto Moravia, fearful because both were of half Jewish descent, fled to the area around the Ciociara region near Rome, a flight that inspired Morante's \"La storia\" and Moravia's \"La Ciociara\" (translated into English as \"Two Women\" and later made into a film with Sophia Loren). Southern Italy is the backdrop for much of her work.", "Due to its relevant historical content for the Italian culture, the book was inserted into the historical series of the Italian editor Mursia In a late evening of September 1974 (16 years before his death), Alberto Moravia is the great defendant in a process that takes place in one of the \"liberty\" rooms of the Tamerici baths in Montecatini. The accuser is Aldo Rossi, the defender of Moravia is Geno Pampaloni, a well known Italian book reviewer. It was more a great opportunity for Moravia to express himself, his ideas and his motives to write rather than the focus on the process itself. He explained so much that it could have been possible to draft his autobiography. He was brought to the process because of his lack of proper interest in the country's affairs. He confesses his thoughts in front of an audience that previously had witnessed at the process of Pier Paolo Pasolini and accept his reasons as well as it did with Moravia's in this trial fiction. Moravia claims he is a disciple of F\u00ebdor Dostoevskij (Fyodor Dostoyevsky) : indeed traces of the Russian writer can be recognized in his literature. Alberto Moravia outlines his strong tendency to tell stories and his great curiosity as to illustrate his disengaged literature. Geno Pampaloni deems him to be the most illustrious journalist in Italy; nowadays he is still remembered as one of the greatest journalist. Vips and stars is a unique story of characters that recalls the Belle \u00c9poque period and the roaring '60s. Its main characters are divas, geniuses, kings, lords, queens, maraharaja, writers, politicians, musicians, movie producers, actors and actresses. These celebrities are inserted in the scenario of the faboulous and famous city of Montecatini Terme.", "Racconti romani Racconti romani (\"Roman Tales\") is a series of sixty-one short stories written by the Italian author, Alberto Moravia. Written and published initially in the Italian newspaper, \"Il Corriere della Sera\", they were published as a collection in 1954 by Bompiani. All of the stories are set in Rome or its surroundings after World War II and focus on 'the common people of Rome' (\"Roma popolana\"). The characters in these stories tend to be the unemployed, ex-convicts, waiters, drivers, con artists, thieves and petty criminals, the average man (or woman) and the lower classes aspiring to climb out of poverty. All the stories are told in the first person with the narrator often unnamed, although details are usually furnished to provide a clue to the narrator's identity, such as their occupation, motivations and social status. Moravia's \"Racconti Romani\" provide a snapshot on life in Rome after World War II, revealing much about the inhabitants of Rome in the early 1950s. Below is a list of the names of the short stories that comprise the \"Racconti Romani\". Their order is the same presented in volume 3, tome 1 of Alberto Moravia's, \"Opere\" (), a multi-volume set containing all of Moravia's writings published by Bompiani in 2000: A handful of Moravia's \"Racconti Romani\" were published in an English translation, entitled \"Roman Tales\", in 1957 by Farrar, Straus and Cudahy. Unfortunately, this collection of translated stories is no longer in print but can be found in dozens of libraries worldwide or on the used book market.", "Under the Colonna the city met another period of artistic and cultural splendour, thanks of the court held by Giulia Gonzaga, who lived in Fondi between 1526 and 1534. In 1534, Fondi was sacked by Barbarossa, who was seeking to kidnap the beautiful Giulia and bring her as a gift to his emperor Suleiman. However, she managed to escape. Another sack followed in 1594, starting the decline of the city, which had in the meantime passed to the Carafa of Stigliano. In 1720 Fondi was acquired by the di Sangro family. In 1818 the declining city, surrounded by malaria-infested marshes malaria and brigandage, lost the bishopric seat existing there since the very early years of Christianity. After the Armistice of 8 September 1943, the anti-Fascist novelist Alberto Moravia and his wife Elsa Morante took refuge in Fondi; the experience inspired Moravia's book \"La Ciociara\" (\"The Woman from Ciociaria\") (1958). Agriculture in the area around Fondi has always been favoured by the presence of abundant water sources and by the climatic conditions. The traditional production of citrus has been recently supplanted by that of vegetables and fruit of all kinds. Fondi is the seat of an important market for agriculture and food products which distribute millions of tons of agricultural products every year. Fondi's main sights include:"], "answer": {"text": "Carmen Llera,", "answer_start": 313}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is La Noia a novel?", "answer": {"text": "book", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is La Noia about?", "answer": {"text": "), the story of the troubled sexual relationship between a young, rich painter striving to find sense in his life and an easygoing girl in Rome.", "answer_start": 63, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it well received by the public and critics?", "answer": {"text": "known as one of his most famous novels, it won the Viareggio Prize.", "answer_start": 217, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Moravia do in later life?", "answer": {"text": "he published the novel Io e lui (", "answer_start": 978, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "1984, Moravia was elected to the European Parliament", "answer_start": 404, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What did he accomplish in Parliament?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he married?", "answer": {"text": "he married", "answer_start": 381, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_baaa19c71e5b47839f9aa30f45863149_1_q#0", "question": "What was the name of Yoko Ono's first solo album?", "rewrite": "What was the name of Yoko Ono's first solo album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Onobox Onobox is a 1992 comprehensive 6-disc collection of Yoko Ono's work from 1968 to 1985. The discs are grouped by era and theme. Disc one centers around the albums \"Fly\" and \"Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band\", while Disc two features nearly the entirety of \"Approximately Infinite Universe\" in a different running order and most of the tracks remixed exclusively for this boxed set. Disc three features the entire \"Feeling the Space\" project, which was originally conceived and recorded as a double album before being edited down, while disc six is the previously unreleased 1974 album \"A Story\", which was later reissued separately with an altered track listing, along with the rest of Ono's back catalogue. Discs four and five center on her relationship with her late husband and musician John Lennon, with \"Kiss, Kiss, Kiss\" highlighting songs from their duet albums \"Double Fantasy\" and \"Milk and Honey\", while \"No, No, No\" focuses on the albums Yoko released in the aftermath of the murder of John Lennon. \"Onobox\" was complimented by an accompanying one-disc \"greatest hits\" release, entitled \"Walking on Thin Ice\". While the Rykodisc press release for Onobox declared the collection \"not as bad as you might think\", it also urged the public to \"smash your preconceptions\". Which, for the most part, they did, finding the box gave \"Yoko Ono the avant- garde heroine her due\". All songs written by Yoko Ono except \"No Bed for Beatle John\" written by John Lennon/Yoko Ono. Many songs were edited or remixed for this compilation. These mixes and edits have not been officially released elsewhere. \"Onobox\" includes 20 previously unreleased songs. Some of these songs have appeared on other Yoko releases.", "Warzone (Yoko Ono album) WARZONE is an album by Yoko Ono released on October 24, 2018, her 50th year anniversary as a musician. It consists of 13 songs she picked up and reconstructed from her past albums released from 1970 to 2009. It also includes the newest version of \"Imagine\" by John Lennon. Since \"Take Me to the Land of Hell\" in 2013, this is the Ono's first in 5 years and 20th original album in total (including collaborations with John Lennon). This includes a bonus track only for Japan. All songs written by Yoko Ono, except \"Imagine\" written by John Lennon and Yoko Ono. The Japanese Edition includes an alternate recording of \"Midsummer New York\", recorded during the original \"Fly\" sessions in 1971. There is a new version of \"Imagine\" which was got into the news for adding Yoko Ono into the credit as well as John Lennon. Yoko told about it. \u201cI was afraid of renewing this song. Tom (Tomas Bartlet, a producer) was also a little bit afraid, I think. People all over the world know this song. However, I decided to carry out because it matches the theme of the album.\u201d \u201cThe world is far too confused. For anyone, things have been so difficult. We are living in the war zone now \u2026 I like creation with the new way, because things are changing every day.\u201d", "Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band is the avant-garde debut studio album by Yoko Ono. The album came after recording three experimental releases with John Lennon and a live album as a member of The Plastic Ono Band. With the exception of \"AOS\", a 1968 live recording, the entire album was recorded in one afternoon in October 1970 during the \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" sessions at Ascot Sound Studios and Abbey Road Studios, using the same musicians and production team. Also recorded on this day were \"Don't Worry Kyoko (Mummy's Only Looking for Her Hand in the Snow)\" which ended up on the next album \"Fly\", and \"Between the Takes\" which was released on \"Fly\"'s 1998 CD reissue. \" Greenfield Morning I Pushed an Empty Baby Carriage All Over the City\" was based around a sample from a discarded tape of George Harrison playing a sitar and a Ringo Starr drum break with an added echo effect plus Ono's vocals with a lyric referencing a miscarriage. Ono's vocalisations on tracks such as \"Why\" and \"Why Not\" mixed \"hetai\", a Japanese vocal technique from kabuki theatre, with modern rock 'n roll and raw aggression influenced by the then-popular primal therapy that Lennon and Ono had been undertaking. According to Ono, the recording engineers were in the habit of turning off the recording equipment when she began to perform-- which is why, at the end of \"Why\", Lennon can be heard asking \" Were you gettin' that?\". Initially on Apple Records, through EMI, \"Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band\" was released to considerable critical disdain in 1970, at a time when Ono was being widely blamed for disbanding The Beatles. \"", "John Lennon/ Plastic Ono Band John Lennon/ Plastic Ono Band is the debut solo album by English musician John Lennon. It was released in 1970, after Lennon had issued three experimental albums with Yoko Ono and \"Live Peace in Toronto 1969\", a live performance in Toronto credited to the Plastic Ono Band. The album was recorded simultaneously with Ono's debut avant-garde solo album, \"Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band\", at Ascot Sound Studios and Abbey Road Studios using the same musicians and production team and nearly identical cover artwork. \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" is generally considered one of Lennon's finest solo albums. In 1987, \"Rolling Stone\" magazine ranked it fourth in its list \"The 100 Best Albums of the Last Twenty Years\" and in 2012, ranked it number 23 in \"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\". Following the Beatles' break-up in April 1970, John Lennon and his wife Yoko Ono undertook primal therapy with the guidance of Arthur Janov for four weeks at his London offices, before the three flew to Los Angeles to continue the therapy for four months. Janov's therapy technique emphasised emotionally reliving repressed childhood traumas rather than analytical discussion. In July 1970, Lennon started to record demos of songs he wrote that would show up on \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\", and on one particular day, the 26th, Lennon recorded numerous demos of his song \"God\", which includes the line \"I don't believe in Beatles\". Lennon's therapy was never completed due to the expiry of his US visa. With the experience he received from the therapy, he was able to channel his emotions into an album's worth of self-revelatory material. Having exhausted the extensions of their American visas, Lennon and Ono returned from the US on 15 September 1970.", "John and Yoko: A Love Story John and Yoko : A Love Story is a 1985 American made-for-television biographical film that chronicles the lives of John Lennon and Yoko Ono, beginning just before they met in 1966 and concluding with Lennon's murder in 1980. The movie was made with the co-operation of Yoko Ono, who controlled the song rights. It was directed by Sandor Stern and stars Mark McGann as Lennon and Kim Miyori as Ono. On August 19, 1966, protestors burn their Beatles records and paraphernalia after Lennon says the The Beatles are more popular than Jesus. When a firecracker is thrown onto the stage the group decides to stop touring. John meets Yoko Ono, who is married and has a daughter. John brings her to the studio with him, causing friction with the other Beatles. The Beatles manager, Brian Epstein, dies of an accidental overdose of sleeping pills. John develops a crush on Yoko. In 1968, The Beatles and their partners travel to India for transcendental meditation with the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. On his return, John invites Yoko to his house while their partners are both away. They record songs together and consummate their relationship at dawn. John and Yoko stage art exhibitions and plant acorns for peace. John is arrested for possession of hashish, and Paul bails him out. Yoko miscarries John's baby. John, Yoko, Kyoko, and Julian are hurt in a car accident. Paul marries Linda Eastman, and John marries Yoko in Gibraltar. He starts playing with Yoko's Plastic Ono Band. John and Yoko stage \"Bed-Ins for Peace\" in Amsterdam and Montreal, which receive wide attention. Paul signs with his father in-law Lee Eastman as manager; John, George, and Ringo sign with Allen Klein. Yoko again miscarries."], "answer": {"text": "The two artists collaborated on many albums, beginning in 1968 when Lennon was still a Beatle, with Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins,", "answer_start": 1158}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_baaa19c71e5b47839f9aa30f45863149_1_q#1", "question": "Was the solo album successful?", "rewrite": "Was the solo album Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins successful?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Unfinished Music No. 2 : Life with the Lions Unfinished Music No. 2 : Life with the Lions is the second of three experimental albums of avant-garde music released by John Lennon and Yoko Ono, released in May 1969 on Zapple, a sub label of Apple. It was a successor to 1968's highly controversial \"\", and was followed by the \"Wedding Album\". The album peaked in the United States at number 174. The album, whose title is a play on words of the BBC Radio show \"Life with The Lyons\", was recorded at Queen Charlotte's Hospital in London and live at Cambridge University, in November 1968 and March 1969, respectively. The Cambridge performance, to which Ono had been invited and to which she brought Lennon, was Lennon and Ono's second as a couple. A few of the album's tracks were previewed by the public, thanks to \"Aspen\" magazine. The album was remastered in 1997. Beatle John Lennon and Yoko Ono's \"Unfinished Music\" series was an attempt by Lennon and Ono to make a record of their life together. With Ono's \"Grapefruit\" in mind, Lennon and Ono imagined that the sound wasn't printed into the vinyl's grooves, but was meant to be thought of by the listener's mind. Lennon described \"Unfinished Music\" as \"saying whatever you want it to say. It is just us expressing ourselves like a child does , you know, however he feels like then. What we're saying is make your own music. This is Unfinished Music.\" A few of the tracks that ended up on the album were released as a mono 8\" square flexi record that was given away with copies of the American magazine \"Aspen\".", "They held one instead at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, where they recorded \"Give Peace a Chance\". Lennon later stated his regrets about feeling \"guilty enough to give McCartney credit as co-writer on my first independent single instead of giving it to Yoko, who had actually written it with me.\" The famous couple often combined advocacy with performance art, such as in \"bagism\", first introduced during a Vienna press conference, where they satirised prejudice and stereotyping by wearing a bag over their entire bodies. Lennon detailed this period in the Beatles' song \"The Ballad of John and Yoko\". Lennon changed his name by deed poll on April 22, 1969, switching out Winston for Ono as a middle name. Although he used the name John Ono Lennon thereafter, official documents referred to him as John Winston Ono Lennon, since he was not permitted to revoke a name given at birth. The couple settled at Tittenhurst Park at Sunninghill, Berkshire, in southeast England. When Ono was injured in a car accident, Lennon arranged for a king-sized bed to be brought to the recording studio as he worked on the Beatles' last recorded album, Abbey Road. The two artists collaborated on many albums, beginning in 1968 when Lennon was still a Beatle, with Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins, an album of experimental musique concrete. The same year, the couple contributed an experimental piece to The White Album called \"Revolution 9\". Also on The White Album, Ono contributed backing vocals on \"Birthday\", and one line of lead vocals on \"The Continuing Story of Bungalow Bill.\" The latter marked the only occasion in a Beatles recording in which a woman sings lead vocals. Ono released her first solo album, Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band, in 1970 as a companion piece to Lennon's better-known John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band.", "Unfinished Music No. 1: Two Virgins Unfinished Music No. 1 : Two Virgins is the first of three experimental albums released by John Lennon and Yoko Ono on Apple Records. It was the result of an all-night session of musical experimentation with Yoko in John's home studio at Kenwood, while his wife, Cynthia Lennon, was on holiday in Greece. Their debut recording is known not only for its avant-garde content, but also for its cover which features the couple naked: This made the album controversial to both the public and the parent record company EMI, which refused to distribute it. In an attempt to avoid controversy, the LP record was sold in a brown paper bag, and distributed by Track and Tetragrammaton in the United Kingdom and the United States respectively. \"Two Virgins\", while failing to chart in the UK, reached number 124 in the US. The album was followed six months later by \"\". John Lennon met Yoko Ono in November 1966 at the Indica Gallery in London after he received an invitation from its owner, John Dunbar, to preview an exhibition by an obscure Japanese artist. Lennon described the exhibition as \"positive\" and kept in touch with Ono. Two years later, Cynthia Lennon, feeling miserable and increasingly distanced from her husband, decided to go on holiday to Greece with her friends Jenny Boyd and Magic Alex. Whilst on his own, Lennon called Ono and invited her over for the night. The genesis of the album came about when Yoko expressed an interest in John's avant-garde home recordings after he had asked \"Do you want to hear some of the things I've been playing around at in my studio? \" Lennon then played her some of his tapes which consisted of comedy recordings and electronic sounds, both of which he knew the other Beatles would not allow on their albums.", "Two Virgins\" was released by Apple Records in the US in electronically rechanneled stereo on 11 November 1968, and in the UK in mono and electronically rechanneled for stereo on 29 November 1968. The mono version was available only in the UK by mail order. The album was distributed by Track Records in the UK and Tetragrammaton Records in the US after EMI refused to produce the cover or sleeve to the record, unless it was changed. EMI, however, pressed the record in Britain, while the album cover was printed by Technik. Apple employee Jack Oliver got around the sleeve packing problem by hiring several Apple scruffs to package the album into sleeves \"in the basement of the old Apple shop\". It took Lennon six months to persuade his fellow band members to agree to the release of the album, and despite not approving of the front cover, Paul McCartney was asked to provide a note for it which read: \"When two great Saints meet, it is a humbling experience. The long battles to prove he was a Saint. \" In the UK, McCartney's quote and the album title were placed on its back cover. \" Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins\" failed to chart in the UK (and only 5,000 British copies were ever pressed), but managed to reach number 124 in the US, after 25,000 copies were sold. Several months after its release, Capitol gave away promotional blank picture disc copies of the album to its employees. The cover art was changed for each of the album's three 8-track issues: Tetragrammaton/Ampex Tapes replaced the front cover with the back cover; North America Leisure Corp (NAL) reinstated the original front cover, and General Recorded Tape (GRT) released the 8-track with a paper sheet sleeve.", "By this time, Ono was looking to sign a record contract, and \"Song for John\" was going to be part of her first album. Ono commented, \"A record company had suggest I do an album of my sort of freak-type freestyle things, one of which was \"Song For John\".\" Ono wrote the song when \"thinking about wanting to meet somebody who could fly with me\". Lennon became the first person to hear the demo, so Ono \"felt a sentimental reason for the name to be John. \" Ono later did a re-make of the song for her album \"Approximately Infinite Universe\". \"Snow Is Falling All the Time\", similar to a nursery rhyme, was re-made as the B-side to \"Happy Xmas (War Is Over)\", retitled \"Listen, the Snow Is Falling\". \"Mum's Only Looking for Her Hand in the Snow\", which features Lennon on acoustic guitar, is an early version of what would become \"Don't Worry Kyoko (Mummy's Only Looking for Her Hand in the Snow)\". This version was later included on the Rykodisc issue of Lennon and Ono's \"Wedding Album\". \"Unfinished Music No.2: Life with the Lions\" was released on 9 May 1969 in the UK and 26 May 1969 in the US, on the Apple subsidiary label Zapple. While EMI didn't act as distributor for \"Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins\", they did for \"Unfinished Music No.2: Life with the Lions\". The album still failed to chart in the UK, but it managed a number 174 peak in the US. The album sold about 60,000 copies in the US, while about 5,000 were sold in the UK. Lennon was disappointed that Apple hadn't given any promotion to the album."], "answer": {"text": "Ono released her first solo album, Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band, in 1970 as a companion piece to Lennon's better-known John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band.", "answer_start": 1677}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the name of Yoko Ono's first solo album?", "answer": {"text": "The two artists collaborated on many albums, beginning in 1968 when Lennon was still a Beatle, with Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins,", "answer_start": 1158, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_baaa19c71e5b47839f9aa30f45863149_1_q#3", "question": "Was Fly the name of another album?", "rewrite": "Was Fly the name of another album aside from Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Unfinished Music No. 2 : Life with the Lions Unfinished Music No. 2 : Life with the Lions is the second of three experimental albums of avant-garde music released by John Lennon and Yoko Ono, released in May 1969 on Zapple, a sub label of Apple. It was a successor to 1968's highly controversial \"\", and was followed by the \"Wedding Album\". The album peaked in the United States at number 174. The album, whose title is a play on words of the BBC Radio show \"Life with The Lyons\", was recorded at Queen Charlotte's Hospital in London and live at Cambridge University, in November 1968 and March 1969, respectively. The Cambridge performance, to which Ono had been invited and to which she brought Lennon, was Lennon and Ono's second as a couple. A few of the album's tracks were previewed by the public, thanks to \"Aspen\" magazine. The album was remastered in 1997. Beatle John Lennon and Yoko Ono's \"Unfinished Music\" series was an attempt by Lennon and Ono to make a record of their life together. With Ono's \"Grapefruit\" in mind, Lennon and Ono imagined that the sound wasn't printed into the vinyl's grooves, but was meant to be thought of by the listener's mind. Lennon described \"Unfinished Music\" as \"saying whatever you want it to say. It is just us expressing ourselves like a child does , you know, however he feels like then. What we're saying is make your own music. This is Unfinished Music.\" A few of the tracks that ended up on the album were released as a mono 8\" square flexi record that was given away with copies of the American magazine \"Aspen\".", "Unfinished Music No. 1: Two Virgins Unfinished Music No. 1 : Two Virgins is the first of three experimental albums released by John Lennon and Yoko Ono on Apple Records. It was the result of an all-night session of musical experimentation with Yoko in John's home studio at Kenwood, while his wife, Cynthia Lennon, was on holiday in Greece. Their debut recording is known not only for its avant-garde content, but also for its cover which features the couple naked: This made the album controversial to both the public and the parent record company EMI, which refused to distribute it. In an attempt to avoid controversy, the LP record was sold in a brown paper bag, and distributed by Track and Tetragrammaton in the United Kingdom and the United States respectively. \"Two Virgins\", while failing to chart in the UK, reached number 124 in the US. The album was followed six months later by \"\". John Lennon met Yoko Ono in November 1966 at the Indica Gallery in London after he received an invitation from its owner, John Dunbar, to preview an exhibition by an obscure Japanese artist. Lennon described the exhibition as \"positive\" and kept in touch with Ono. Two years later, Cynthia Lennon, feeling miserable and increasingly distanced from her husband, decided to go on holiday to Greece with her friends Jenny Boyd and Magic Alex. Whilst on his own, Lennon called Ono and invited her over for the night. The genesis of the album came about when Yoko expressed an interest in John's avant-garde home recordings after he had asked \"Do you want to hear some of the things I've been playing around at in my studio? \" Lennon then played her some of his tapes which consisted of comedy recordings and electronic sounds, both of which he knew the other Beatles would not allow on their albums.", "By this time, Ono was looking to sign a record contract, and \"Song for John\" was going to be part of her first album. Ono commented, \"A record company had suggest I do an album of my sort of freak-type freestyle things, one of which was \"Song For John\".\" Ono wrote the song when \"thinking about wanting to meet somebody who could fly with me\". Lennon became the first person to hear the demo, so Ono \"felt a sentimental reason for the name to be John. \" Ono later did a re-make of the song for her album \"Approximately Infinite Universe\". \"Snow Is Falling All the Time\", similar to a nursery rhyme, was re-made as the B-side to \"Happy Xmas (War Is Over)\", retitled \"Listen, the Snow Is Falling\". \"Mum's Only Looking for Her Hand in the Snow\", which features Lennon on acoustic guitar, is an early version of what would become \"Don't Worry Kyoko (Mummy's Only Looking for Her Hand in the Snow)\". This version was later included on the Rykodisc issue of Lennon and Ono's \"Wedding Album\". \"Unfinished Music No.2: Life with the Lions\" was released on 9 May 1969 in the UK and 26 May 1969 in the US, on the Apple subsidiary label Zapple. While EMI didn't act as distributor for \"Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins\", they did for \"Unfinished Music No.2: Life with the Lions\". The album still failed to chart in the UK, but it managed a number 174 peak in the US. The album sold about 60,000 copies in the US, while about 5,000 were sold in the UK. Lennon was disappointed that Apple hadn't given any promotion to the album.", "During the last two years that the Beatles performed, Lennon and Ono created and attended their own public protests against the Vietnam War. On March 20, 1969, they were married at the registry office in Gibraltar and spent their honeymoon in Amsterdam, campaigning with a week-long Bed-In for Peace. They planned another Bed-In in the US, but were denied entry to the country. They held one instead at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, where they recorded \"Give Peace a Chance\". Lennon later stated his regrets about feeling \"guilty enough to give McCartney credit as co-writer on my first independent single instead of giving it to Yoko, who had actually written it with me.\" The famous couple often combined advocacy with performance art, such as in \"bagism\", first introduced during a Vienna press conference, where they satirised prejudice and stereotyping by wearing a bag over their entire bodies. Lennon detailed this period in the Beatles' song \"The Ballad of John and Yoko\". Lennon changed his name by deed poll on April 22, 1969, switching out Winston for Ono as a middle name. Although he used the name John Ono Lennon thereafter, official documents referred to him as John Winston Ono Lennon, since he was not permitted to revoke a name given at birth. The couple settled at Tittenhurst Park at Sunninghill, Berkshire, in southeast England. When Ono was injured in a car accident, Lennon arranged for a king-sized bed to be brought to the recording studio as he worked on the Beatles' last recorded album, Abbey Road. The two artists collaborated on many albums, beginning in 1968 when Lennon was still a Beatle, with Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins, an album of experimental musique concrete. The same year, the couple contributed an experimental piece to The White Album called \"Revolution 9\".", "Two Virgins\" was released by Apple Records in the US in electronically rechanneled stereo on 11 November 1968, and in the UK in mono and electronically rechanneled for stereo on 29 November 1968. The mono version was available only in the UK by mail order. The album was distributed by Track Records in the UK and Tetragrammaton Records in the US after EMI refused to produce the cover or sleeve to the record, unless it was changed. EMI, however, pressed the record in Britain, while the album cover was printed by Technik. Apple employee Jack Oliver got around the sleeve packing problem by hiring several Apple scruffs to package the album into sleeves \"in the basement of the old Apple shop\". It took Lennon six months to persuade his fellow band members to agree to the release of the album, and despite not approving of the front cover, Paul McCartney was asked to provide a note for it which read: \"When two great Saints meet, it is a humbling experience. The long battles to prove he was a Saint. \" In the UK, McCartney's quote and the album title were placed on its back cover. \" Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins\" failed to chart in the UK (and only 5,000 British copies were ever pressed), but managed to reach number 124 in the US, after 25,000 copies were sold. Several months after its release, Capitol gave away promotional blank picture disc copies of the album to its employees. The cover art was changed for each of the album's three 8-track issues: Tetragrammaton/Ampex Tapes replaced the front cover with the back cover; North America Leisure Corp (NAL) reinstated the original front cover, and General Recorded Tape (GRT) released the 8-track with a paper sheet sleeve."], "answer": {"text": "When Lennon was invited to play with Frank Zappa at the Fillmore (then the Filmore West) on June 5, 1971, Ono joined them. Later that year, she released Fly,", "answer_start": 635}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the name of Yoko Ono's first solo album?", "answer": {"text": "The two artists collaborated on many albums, beginning in 1968 when Lennon was still a Beatle, with Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins,", "answer_start": 1158, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Was the solo album successful?", "answer": {"text": "Ono released her first solo album, Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band, in 1970 as a companion piece to Lennon's better-known John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band.", "answer_start": 1677, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Was there a single from that album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_baaa19c71e5b47839f9aa30f45863149_1_q#5", "question": "Did she have any other albums?", "rewrite": "Did Yoko Onohave any other albums aside from Fly and Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["By this time, Ono was looking to sign a record contract, and \"Song for John\" was going to be part of her first album. Ono commented, \"A record company had suggest I do an album of my sort of freak-type freestyle things, one of which was \"Song For John\".\" Ono wrote the song when \"thinking about wanting to meet somebody who could fly with me\". Lennon became the first person to hear the demo, so Ono \"felt a sentimental reason for the name to be John. \" Ono later did a re-make of the song for her album \"Approximately Infinite Universe\". \"Snow Is Falling All the Time\", similar to a nursery rhyme, was re-made as the B-side to \"Happy Xmas (War Is Over)\", retitled \"Listen, the Snow Is Falling\". \"Mum's Only Looking for Her Hand in the Snow\", which features Lennon on acoustic guitar, is an early version of what would become \"Don't Worry Kyoko (Mummy's Only Looking for Her Hand in the Snow)\". This version was later included on the Rykodisc issue of Lennon and Ono's \"Wedding Album\". \"Unfinished Music No.2: Life with the Lions\" was released on 9 May 1969 in the UK and 26 May 1969 in the US, on the Apple subsidiary label Zapple. While EMI didn't act as distributor for \"Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins\", they did for \"Unfinished Music No.2: Life with the Lions\". The album still failed to chart in the UK, but it managed a number 174 peak in the US. The album sold about 60,000 copies in the US, while about 5,000 were sold in the UK. Lennon was disappointed that Apple hadn't given any promotion to the album.", "After meeting Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, the Beatles quickly return to London and hold a press conference to denounce the Maharishi. That night, before meeting Derek Taylor, Lennon glimpses Yoko from a window. Lennon reveals to Derek that she sends him letters. While on their way to meet Bardot, Lennon tells Derek he sometimes thinks he is Jesus Christ and, nervous about his meeting with actress, takes a tablet of LSD along with Derek. The next morning, Lennon, in the midst of a drug trip and, remembering the public's reaction at his \"more popular than Jesus\" statement two years before, states that he can't walk on water after all. Lennon stays with Pete Shotton in his mansion and asks him to bring Yoko. After Lennon and Yoko record what will become the album \"Two Virgins\", they spend the night together. Lennon tells Pete that he wants to live with Yoko. Sometime later, Lennon and Yoko hold a gallery event where Cynthia confronts him about his adulterous affair. Cynthia is willing to forgive Lennon, but he instead chooses Yoko. While Lennon is leaving, Julian is seen playing with a ball all alone, and he throws the ball at his father. Lennon, however, throws it away and doesn't pay attention to his son. Meanwhile, Derek is worried about Apple Records' financial situation and the impending release of the Beatles' eponymous double album. After losing patience with Paul, Lennon and Yoko leave the meeting and go to their house, and take a picture of what will later become the cover of \"Two Virgins\". Yoko reveals that she's pregnant, but loses the baby in a miscarriage when the police charge her with drug possession. After Lennon proposes to Yoko, he reveals to Yoko at a press conference that his father has had another child \u2013 David.", "Unfinished Music No. 2 : Life with the Lions Unfinished Music No. 2 : Life with the Lions is the second of three experimental albums of avant-garde music released by John Lennon and Yoko Ono, released in May 1969 on Zapple, a sub label of Apple. It was a successor to 1968's highly controversial \"\", and was followed by the \"Wedding Album\". The album peaked in the United States at number 174. The album, whose title is a play on words of the BBC Radio show \"Life with The Lyons\", was recorded at Queen Charlotte's Hospital in London and live at Cambridge University, in November 1968 and March 1969, respectively. The Cambridge performance, to which Ono had been invited and to which she brought Lennon, was Lennon and Ono's second as a couple. A few of the album's tracks were previewed by the public, thanks to \"Aspen\" magazine. The album was remastered in 1997. Beatle John Lennon and Yoko Ono's \"Unfinished Music\" series was an attempt by Lennon and Ono to make a record of their life together. With Ono's \"Grapefruit\" in mind, Lennon and Ono imagined that the sound wasn't printed into the vinyl's grooves, but was meant to be thought of by the listener's mind. Lennon described \"Unfinished Music\" as \"saying whatever you want it to say. It is just us expressing ourselves like a child does , you know, however he feels like then. What we're saying is make your own music. This is Unfinished Music.\" A few of the tracks that ended up on the album were released as a mono 8\" square flexi record that was given away with copies of the American magazine \"Aspen\".", "They held one instead at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, where they recorded \"Give Peace a Chance\". Lennon later stated his regrets about feeling \"guilty enough to give McCartney credit as co-writer on my first independent single instead of giving it to Yoko, who had actually written it with me.\" The famous couple often combined advocacy with performance art, such as in \"bagism\", first introduced during a Vienna press conference, where they satirised prejudice and stereotyping by wearing a bag over their entire bodies. Lennon detailed this period in the Beatles' song \"The Ballad of John and Yoko\". Lennon changed his name by deed poll on April 22, 1969, switching out Winston for Ono as a middle name. Although he used the name John Ono Lennon thereafter, official documents referred to him as John Winston Ono Lennon, since he was not permitted to revoke a name given at birth. The couple settled at Tittenhurst Park at Sunninghill, Berkshire, in southeast England. When Ono was injured in a car accident, Lennon arranged for a king-sized bed to be brought to the recording studio as he worked on the Beatles' last recorded album, Abbey Road. The two artists collaborated on many albums, beginning in 1968 when Lennon was still a Beatle, with Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins, an album of experimental musique concrete. The same year, the couple contributed an experimental piece to The White Album called \"Revolution 9\". Also on The White Album, Ono contributed backing vocals on \"Birthday\", and one line of lead vocals on \"The Continuing Story of Bungalow Bill.\" The latter marked the only occasion in a Beatles recording in which a woman sings lead vocals. Ono released her first solo album, Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band, in 1970 as a companion piece to Lennon's better-known John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band.", "Unfinished Music No. 1: Two Virgins Unfinished Music No. 1 : Two Virgins is the first of three experimental albums released by John Lennon and Yoko Ono on Apple Records. It was the result of an all-night session of musical experimentation with Yoko in John's home studio at Kenwood, while his wife, Cynthia Lennon, was on holiday in Greece. Their debut recording is known not only for its avant-garde content, but also for its cover which features the couple naked: This made the album controversial to both the public and the parent record company EMI, which refused to distribute it. In an attempt to avoid controversy, the LP record was sold in a brown paper bag, and distributed by Track and Tetragrammaton in the United Kingdom and the United States respectively. \"Two Virgins\", while failing to chart in the UK, reached number 124 in the US. The album was followed six months later by \"\". John Lennon met Yoko Ono in November 1966 at the Indica Gallery in London after he received an invitation from its owner, John Dunbar, to preview an exhibition by an obscure Japanese artist. Lennon described the exhibition as \"positive\" and kept in touch with Ono. Two years later, Cynthia Lennon, feeling miserable and increasingly distanced from her husband, decided to go on holiday to Greece with her friends Jenny Boyd and Magic Alex. Whilst on his own, Lennon called Ono and invited her over for the night. The genesis of the album came about when Yoko expressed an interest in John's avant-garde home recordings after he had asked \"Do you want to hear some of the things I've been playing around at in my studio? \" Lennon then played her some of his tapes which consisted of comedy recordings and electronic sounds, both of which he knew the other Beatles would not allow on their albums."], "answer": {"text": "She also received minor airplay with the ballad \"Mrs. Lennon\". The track \"Don't Worry, Kyoko (Mummy's Only Looking for Her Hand in the Snow)\"", "answer_start": 981}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the name of Yoko Ono's first solo album?", "answer": {"text": "The two artists collaborated on many albums, beginning in 1968 when Lennon was still a Beatle, with Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins,", "answer_start": 1158, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Was the solo album successful?", "answer": {"text": "Ono released her first solo album, Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band, in 1970 as a companion piece to Lennon's better-known John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band.", "answer_start": 1677, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Was there a single from that album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Fly the name of another album?", "answer": {"text": "When Lennon was invited to play with Frank Zappa at the Fillmore (then the Filmore West) on June 5, 1971, Ono joined them. Later that year, she released Fly,", "answer_start": 635, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Did the public like the album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_baaa19c71e5b47839f9aa30f45863149_1_q#6", "question": "When was the album released?", "rewrite": "When was the album Fly released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kids Can't Fly initially planned to shoot a music video with a live audience on 11 February 2011, however they cancelled the shooting of the video because of the departure of Comley, Stanikk and Wilson. Comley and Wilson both decided to get jobs outside of the music industry. Ryan left the band for \"personal and professional reasons\". On 21 June 2011 Drew Comley had been announced as the new bassist for Octane OK. In an Interview in December 2011, Robin has said that their departures were related saying \"He [Comley] was such an important person in the band, that other members didn't find the group dynamics comfortable any more, and so they also left. \" On 11 November 2011 Kids Can't Fly released their third single Esmeralda and later on, in February 2012 Kids Can't Fly announced the release of a fourth single \"Stick To Your Guns\" and a new extended play \"Northern Horizons\". They promoted the single by making it available to download for free on 11 February. The announcement of the new single and EP was coupled with a short tour of the United Kingdom with \"The First\", spanning late February into Early March. Footage of the tour was used for the music video for Stick To Your Guns which was released on 21 May 2012. The band performed at Southampton's Takedown and Middlesbrough's Make A Scene festivals. On 11 May 2012 Kids Can't Fly released Information about the line-up change in the band. With two of the band members: bassist Elliott Langford and drummer Ash Springle, who both only joined the band last year left due to personal choices and desires to pursue careers outside the music industry.", "Movin' On (Playa Fly album) Movin' On is the second album by Playa Fly released in 1998 on Super Sigg Records. This album made Fly a common name in Southern rap with his hit single, \"Nobody Needs Nobody\", which still gets radio play today. Bill Chill died shortly before the album's completion. \"Movin' On\" sold over 80,000 units. \"Funk-N-Buck\", made originally in 1997, was included in this album. In the chorus after the second verse, they says, The word \"funk\" is commonly used in the city of Memphis in reference to cocaine and \"bock\" signifies the intoxicating feeling after using cocaine, the song is basically about drugs abuse. As Fly states in the beginning of the third verse, \"Funk-N-Buck\" is a favorite of most Playa Fly fans due mainly to the usage of bass in the song, which is not common on most of Fly tracks on his early CDs. It comes only second after \"Nobody Needs Nobody\".", "Thereafter, they performed at the Metro in Chicago, and participated in the Vans Warped Tour by performing at First Midwest Bank Amphitheatre in Tinley Park, Illinois and Marcus Amphitheater in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in addition to playing at Tower Records stores after their initial album release. In 2003, soon after Gypsy Fly's first set of shows to support their album, Zach departed the band. The band played with fill-in bass players until they finally found bassist Jay Diebert, but then, during the same year, lead vocalist Troy left the band. With Tom on lead vocals, Gypsy Fly released an EP and received an honorable mention for their original song \u201cYoung Again\u201d from the Annual \"Billboard\" World Songwriting Contest. It placed in the top 1,500 entries. Also, radio DJ James Van Osdol gave extensive radio play to \u201cDisappear,\u201d which was played almost weekly on 94.7 \u201cThe Zone\u201d (WZZN-FM). Yet, \u201cCalifornia\u201d was praised as \u201cthe strongest track\u201d because \u201cit is driven by strong bass line and more creative vocals.\u201d Breathing Air, the first full-length album by the restructured band, was guitar driven, but more poppy than the previous records. Incidentally, Lou Hinkhouse, who had also worked with The Smashing Pumpkins, shot a video for Gypsy Fly's single \u201cI Wanna Get Off,\u201d which debuted on Chicago music television show JBTV. The song \u201cAll You Needed\u201d played on \u201cQ101\u201d (101.1 WKQX), and the trio were regular guests on Fearlessradio.com's New Music Binge. During this time, they also had a weekly half-hour podcast on iTunes called \"Gypsy Fly Music Net.\"", "Time to Fly (band) Time to Fly was a rock band based in Port Orchard, Washington, and the greater Seattle area. The band consisted of: Tyler Lewis (vocals and guitar), Kyle Buckingham (bass), Danny Lewis (drums), and David Nichols (guitar and vocals). Bradley Pooler (guitar) would replace David Nichols in the lineup in 2003. Time to Fly released their album \"Birth. Work. Death\" in 2002 (produced by Aaron Sprinkle) under RocketStar Recordings, which features twelve songs. After the release of the debut album, the band performed a number of shows to promote it, which caught the attention of locals around the Seattle area. The band's only album, \"Birth. Work. Death\", revolves around the concept of a struggling working-class society, and focuses on the life and family of a working individual. The album's songs also focus on depression, greed, and breaking free of the hellish business world. A song from \"Birth. Work. Death\" , \"I Went Out to Colorado in 1972\", was featured as a music track in the snowboarding sports game \" Amped 3\", an exclusive for Xbox 360 released in 2004. After the first album, Time to Fly began to undergo changes, beginning with the replacement of David Nichols in the lineup for Bradley Pooler. With this new lineup, Time to Fly began working on new material. Only three songs surfaced publicly: \"Sally Sheppard\", \"Devon Varmega\", and \"Good Art vs. Bad Art\". The songs are recorded in a less polished manner, as the three tracks are intended to be demos. The three tracks are titled under the album name \"Summer Demo Sessions\" and were recorded in July 2003. In the years after the band's initial release, the group went on hiatus.", "It was even planned for releasing Fly's first album on their label (which was, at that time, Prophet Entertainment) and his first single, \"From Da Darkness Of Da Kut\", was released in 1994. After leaving the group a year later, Fly put out his infamous diss record, \"Triple Bitch Mafia\", then changed his title to Playa Fly and was featured on Tommy Wright III's \"On the Run\" album before signing with Super Sigg Records. Playa Fly has expanded all over the south by influencing young cliques like I.B.N. (who uses Fly's real name as their title), based in Decatur, Georgia. In 1996, Playa Fly released his first album with Super Sigg, \"Fly Shit\". The album had songs such as \"Nappy Hair & Gold Teeth\", \"Da Show\", \"Crownin' Me\", \"Flizy Comin' (Triple Bitch Mafia pt.2)\" and \"Work To Do\". It included other artists such as Gangsta Blac, Bill Chill, Criminal Manne, Icy K, D- A-V, Tay-Dog and Playa Posse. This album was also where Fly began his association with producer Blackout. In 1998, \"Movin' On\" was released. \"Movin' On\" had such tracks as \"Situation\", \"Start Runnin\", \"Nobody\", \"Funk-N-Bonk\" and \"Write Sum Bump\". It also featured Gangsta Blac, Bill Chill (Fly's father), Minnie Mae Mafia, and Cool B. Fly's father died shortly before this album's completion. \"Just Gettin' It On\", a re-release of his underground solo CD (with a bonus track), was released by Diamond in March 1999. \" Da Game"], "answer": {"text": "In the late 1960s, while studying with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in Majorca, Spain, Ono's ex-husband Anthony Cox accused Ono of abducting their daughter Kyoko from his hotel.", "answer_start": 1198}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the name of Yoko Ono's first solo album?", "answer": {"text": "The two artists collaborated on many albums, beginning in 1968 when Lennon was still a Beatle, with Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins,", "answer_start": 1158, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Was the solo album successful?", "answer": {"text": "Ono released her first solo album, Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band, in 1970 as a companion piece to Lennon's better-known John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band.", "answer_start": 1677, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Was there a single from that album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Fly the name of another album?", "answer": {"text": "When Lennon was invited to play with Frank Zappa at the Fillmore (then the Filmore West) on June 5, 1971, Ono joined them. Later that year, she released Fly,", "answer_start": 635, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Did the public like the album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any other albums?", "answer": {"text": "She also received minor airplay with the ballad \"Mrs. Lennon\". The track \"Don't Worry, Kyoko (Mummy's Only Looking for Her Hand in the Snow)\"", "answer_start": 981, "bid": 3}}]}
{"qid": "C_9706cca4d6c2400d91881bd7783b53ea_1_q#0", "question": "What was the name of Michelle Branch's first album?", "rewrite": "What was the name of Michelle Branch's first album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Wreckers The Wreckers were an American country duo formed in 2005 by Michelle Branch and Jessica Harp, both of whom had solo recordings before the duo's foundation. In 2006, the duo released its debut album \" Stand Still, Look Pretty\", which produced a Number One single on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs in its lead-off single \"Leave the Pieces\". The album accounted for a Top Ten hit on the same chart in \"My, Oh My\" as well. After its release, both Branch and Harp returned to being solo singers. Harp has since had Top 40 country success of her own with the single \"Boy Like Me\". Sometime in 2005, Michelle Branch recruited her longtime friend and backing vocalist Jessica Harp on a new musical venture, incorporating elements from both Branch's pop-rock style and Harp's country style to form a unique-sounding duo. Thus, The Wreckers (a shortened form of the second band name given to the girls by Michelle's then husband Teddy Landau, \"The Cass County Homewreckers\") were formed and were soon signed to Maverick Records. The Wreckers' song \" The Good Kind\"\u2014originally recorded solely by Harp\u2014was soon featured on the hit teen television series \"One Tree Hill\". They performed this song on the show on February 8, 2005. Later that month, the duo embarked on the month-long, nationwide \"One Tree Hill\" Tour alongside Gavin DeGraw, Tyler Hilton, and Bethany Joy Galeotti. Branch later expressed her dislike of going on tour without releasing an album first, and The Wreckers then attempted to release their debut album, \"Stand Still, Look Pretty\". The album was finally released in May 2006, led off by the single \"Leave the Pieces\", a Number One country hit.", "Kevin Johansen - El C\u00edrculo
30\u00b0 Audioslave - Like a Stone
29\u00b0 Libido - Fr\u00e1gil
28\u00b0 Sixpence None the Richer - Don't Dream It's Over
27 \u00b0 La Ley - \u00c1mate y S\u00e1lvate
26\u00b0 Jarabe de Palo - Bonito
25\u00b0 INXS - Tight
24\u00b0 t. A.T.u. - Not Gonna Get Us< br>23\u00b0 Zen - Sol
22\u00b0 Evanescence feat. Paul McCoy - Bring Me to Life
21\u00b0 Avril Lavigne - Knockin' on Heaven's Door
20\u00b0 Nelly feat. Kelly Rowland - Dilemma
19\u00b0 The Black Eyed Peas - Where Is the Love?
18\u00b0 Babas\u00f3nicos - Los Calientes
17\u00b0 Sophie Ellis-Bextor - Mixed Up World
16\u00b0 La Ley - M\u00e1s All\u00e1
15\u00b0 Santana feat. Michelle Branch - The Game of Love
14\u00b0 Gustavo Cerati - Karaoke
13\u00b0 Coldplay - God Put a Smile upon Your Face< br>12\u00b0 Michelle Branch - Are You Happy Now?
11 \u00b0 Robbie Williams - Feel
10\u00b0 Coldplay - The Scientist
9\u00b0 Avril Lavigne - I'm with You
8\u00b0 Gustavo Cerati - Cosas Imposibles
7\u00b0 Dishwalla - Angels or Devils
6\u00b0 Dido - White Flag
5\u00b0 t. A.T.u. - All the Things She Said
4\u00b0 Michelle Branch", "Hopeless Romantic (Michelle Branch song) \"Hopeless Romantic\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Michelle Branch, released as the lead single from her third studio album of the same name on February 3, 2017. The song was written by Branch, Patrick Carney of The Black Keys, Gus Seyffert, Amy Kuney and Harlan Silverman. Produced by Carney, it is Branch's first single since 2011's \"Loud Music\". After breaking up with her country duo The Wreckers in 2008, Branch announced that she was working on a new solo album titled \"Everything Comes and Goes\" which was slated for a June 2008 release, but due to personal and professional struggles the full album went unreleased. Although an abridged version was eventually released as an EP in 2010. Branch attempted to release her next album titled \"West Coast Time\" in 2011 which also ended up being scrapped, again due to issues with her record label Reprise Records and its parent company Warner Bros. Records. At this point, Branch was seriously considering to quit the music industry. In 2015, Branch filed for divorce from Teddy Landau after eleven years of marriage, she requested joint custody of her daughter, Owen Isabelle. In June later that year, Branch announced via Instagram that she had signed a new recording contract with Verve Records. Around this time, Branch began dating Patrick Carney of The Black Keys and the pair began co-writing for her next album \"Hopeless Romantic\". Alexa Shouneyia of \"Billboard\" praised the song adding that \"[Branch's] smooth vocals perfectly complement the mid-tempo, laid-back drums and guitar throughout the song.\" The song premiered on February 2, 2017 exclusively on the \"Billboard\" website from her Vevo channel and was made available to stream and purchase the next day. A music video for \"Hopeless Romantic\" was released on February 16.", "Justincase Justincase was an American alternative-pop band from Charlotte, North Carolina, best known for their 2002 single \"Don't Cry for Us\", which was co-written by Michelle Branch, who was one of the band's early champions. Consisting of teen siblings Hannah, Justin, and Nick Tosco, the band was signed to Maverick Records. Justin was lead vocalist and guitarist as well as principal songwriter. Nick played drums, and Hannah was on bass. Band members Justin (the oldest, born 1983), Nick, and Hannah (the youngest ) Tosco grew up in a musical household. Their father, John, worked in the Charlotte music scene and also taught guitar, while their mother, Holly Tosco, worked as a piano teacher. Justin was five years old when he wrote his first song, which was about baseball. The trio began playing gigs together before all were in junior high school. Their first concert was at their middle school's talent show in 1998. The Toscos met Michelle Branch before her debut on Maverick Records and became friends over the Internet before meeting in Las Vegas for a music convention in 2000. Justincase was signed to Maverick Records in late 2001 with the help of Branch. The band released its self-titled debut album on October 29, 2002. The album included several collaborations with Michelle Branch, including the lead single, \"Don't Cry for Us\". Michelle Branch promoted the album on MTV's Total Request Live. Other media appearances included the radio show \"Open House Party\" and Nickelodeon's TV show \"All That\". After their first music video was shown on MTV, Wal-Mart agreed to sponsor a short tour to further promote the album. The band played several solo shows, and also opened for Nick Carter on his \"Backstreet Boy\" tour. \"", "Loud Music (song) \"Loud Music\" is a single by Michelle Branch originally intended to be the first from her fourth studio album, \"West Coast Time\", but ultimately the album went unreleased. The single was included on \"The Loud Music Hits EP\" instead. It was officially released to iTunes on June 10, 2011. It was co-written and produced by British team Jim Irvin and Julian Emery. Katherine St. Asaph of PopDust.com gave the song a 3.5 out of 5 and stated that \"without the constant hard-rock callouts, \"Loud Music\" is every bit as good as the rest of Branch's back catalogue\". Amanda Hamsel of PopCrush.com gave it a 4 out of 5 praising the song for its sound, quoting that it \"is definitely the kind of song that sounds best, well, loud, with its '80s pop flavor and heavy-on-the-guitar back-track\". Victoria Meng of TheCelebrityCafe.com stated that the song is equal in rank to \"Everywhere\", \"All You Wanted\", \"Goodbye to You\", \"Are You Happy Now?\" and \"Breathe\" in terms of quality and fun. The music video was released on YouTube via Michelle Branch's account on August 11, 2011 and also premiered on VH1.com that same day. On October 31, 2011, days before the premiere of the seventh season of Bones, Fox Network released an Official Bones Music Video of \"Loud Music\". It features clips from past seasons and promotional jackets of the network's hit crime drama series. Cuts from Michelle Branch's Loud Music music video are also included. It ends with a clip from the upcoming season of the show."], "answer": {"text": "In June 2000, Branch self-produced Broken Bracelet, a compilation of songs she wrote when she was 14 and 15;", "answer_start": 1249}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_3cf5972aebfc4c0e8f7138428ee9890b_0_q#0", "question": "what happened in 2010 with Red?", "rewrite": "what happened in 2010 with Red?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Matchday 22 happened on 10 March 2010 against Borussia Dortmund II. Werder Bremen II won the match 2\u20131. Tobias Kempe scored two goals for Werder Bremen II. Kempe's first goal was from the penalty spot. Uwe H\u00fcnemeier scored from the penalty spot for Burussia Dortmund II. Matchday 28 happened on 13 March 2010 against Ingolstadt. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. Matchday 21 happened on 16 March 2010 against Osnabr\u00fcck. Osnabr\u00fcck won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Alexander Dercho. Matchday 21 happened on 21 March 2010 against Unterhaching. Werder Bremen II won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Nicolas Feldhahn. Markus Schwabl was sent-off during the match. Matchday 24 happened on 24 March 2010 against Wacker Burghausen. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Lennart Thy scored for Werder Bremen II and Christian Holzer scored for Wacker Burghausen. Matchday 30 happened on 28 March 2010 against Carl Zeiss Jena. Carl Zeiss Jena won the match 2\u20131. Kevin Artmann scored for Werder Bremen II. Orlando Smeekes and Melvin Holwijn scored for Carl Zeiss Jena. M\u00e1rk\u00f3 Fut\u00e1cs was sent-off during the match. Matchday 31 happened on 31 March 2010 against Dynamo Dresden. Dynamo Dresden won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Robert Koch. Matchday 32 happened on 3 April 2010 against Heidenheim. The matchday finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Onur Ay\u0131k scored for Werder Bremen II and Andreas Spann scored for Heidenheim. Stefan Ronneburg was sent-off during the match. Matchday 25 happened on 7 April 2010 against Eintracht Braunschweig.", "Eintracht Braunschweig won the match 3\u20130 with goals from Deniz Do\u011fan, Damir Vran\u010di\u0107, and Marco Calamita. Matchday 33 happened on 10 April 2010 against Wuppertal. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Sandro Wagner scored for Werder Bremen II and Nermin \u010celikovi\u0107 scored for Wuppertal. Matchday 34 happened on 13 April 2010 against Stuttgart II. Stuttgart II won the match 3\u20130 with goals from Tobias Rathgeb, who scored from the penalty spot, Julian Schieber, and Sven Schipplock. Matchday 35 happened on 17 April 2010 against Wehen Wiesbaden. Wehen Wiesbaden won the match 2\u20130 with goals from Dominik Stroh-Engel and Aykut \u00d6zt\u00fcrk. Matchday 26 happened on 20 April 2010 against Jahn Regensburg. Werder Bremen II won the match 4\u20131. Werder Bremen II got three goals from M\u00e1rk\u00f3 Fut\u00e1cs and a goal from Sandro Wagner. Petr Stoilov scored for Jahn Regensburg. Matchday 36 happened on 24 April 2010 against Sandhausen. Werder Bremen II won the match 3\u20130 with goals from Timo Perthel, Sandro Wagner, and Onur Ay\u0131k. Matchday 37 happened on 30 April 2010 against Bayern Munich II. Bayern Munich II won the match 2\u20131. Nicolas Feldhahn scored for Werder Bremen II. Deniz Y\u0131lmaz and Sa\u00ebr S\u00e8ne scored for Bayern Munich II. Matchday 38 happened on 8 May 2010 against Erzgebirge Aue. Werder Bremen II won the match 2\u20131. Nicolas Feldhahn and Tobias Kempe scored for Werder Bremen II. Sebastian Glasner scored for Erzgebirge Aue.", "2010\u201311 SV Werder Bremen II season The 2010\u201311 SV Werder Bremen II season took place between 24 July 2010 and 14 May 2011. Werder Bremen II's season started on 24 July 2010 against Jahn Regensburg. Jahn Regensburg won 1\u20130 with a goal from Mahmut Tem\u00fcr. The second match took place on 31 July 2010 against Rot Weiss Ahlen. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Lennart Thy scored for Werder Bremen II and Marcus Piossek scored for Rot Weiss Ahlen. The third match happened on 3 August 2010 against VfR Aalen. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Kevin Maek scored for Werder Bremen II and Tim Bauer scored from the penalty mark for Aalen. The fourth match happened on 7 August 2010 against Rot-Wei\u00df Erfurt. Rot-Wei\u00df Erfurt won the match 2\u20131. John Th\u00f6le scored for Werder Bremen II. Martin Hauswald and Martin Pohl scored for Rot-Wei\u00df Erfurt. Dominik Schmidt of Werder Bremen II was sent-off after a second yellow card. The fifth match happened on 21 August 2010 against Hansa Rostock. Hansa Rostock won the match 2\u20130 with two goals from Radovan Vujanovi\u0107. The sixth match happened on 27 August 2010 against TuS Koblenz. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. The seventh match happened on 11 September 2010 against VfB Stuttgart II. Werder Bremen II won the match 3\u20130 with goals from Yannis Becker; Felix Kroos, who scored from the penalty spot; and Lennart Thy. The eighth match happened on 17 September 2010 against SpVgg Unterhaching. Unterhaching won the match 3\u20131. Leon Balogun scored for Werder Bremen II.", "Uwe H\u00fcnemeier scored for Borussia Dortmund II. Tobias Kempe scored two goals for Werder Bremen II. Matchday 26 happened on 17 March 2010 Carl Zeiss Jena. Carl Zeiss Jena won the match 3\u20130 with two goals from Orlando Smeekes and a goal from Timo Nagy. Matchday 29 happened on 20 March 2010 against Wuppertal. Borussia Dortmund II won the match 2\u20130 with goals from Lukas Nottbeck and Marcel Gro\u00dfkreutz. Matchday 24 happened on 24 March 2010 against Ingolstadt. Ingolstadt won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Fabian Gerber. Matchday 30 happened on 27 March 2010 against Stuttgart II. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 2\u20131. Daniel Ginczek scored for Borussia Dortmund II. Tobias Rathgeb and Marco Pischorn scored for Stuttgart II. Matchday 31 happened on 31 March 2010 against Wehen Wiesbaden. Wehen Wiesbaden won the match 2\u20130 with goals from Thorsten Barg and Dominik Stroh-Engel. Matchday 32 happened on 4 April 2010 against Sandhausen. Borussia Dortmund II won the match 2\u20131. Sebastian Hille scored two goals for Borussia Dortmund II. Mario Pokar scored for Sandhausen. Matchday 27 happened on 7 April 2010 against Dynamo Dresden. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 3\u20132. Uwe H\u00fcnemeier and Yasin scored for Borussia Dortmund II. Dynamo Dresden got two goals from Halil Savran and a goal from Maik Kegel. Matchday 33 happened on 10 April 2010 against Bayern Munich II. Bayern Munich II won the match 3\u20130 with goals from Sa\u00ebr S\u00e8ne, Deniz Y\u0131lmaz, and Tom Sch\u00fctz.", "Unterhaching got goals from Leandro, who scored from the penalty spot, Torben Hoffmann and Mijo Tunji\u0107. The ninth match happened on 21 September 2010 against SV Babelsberg 03. Babelsberg won the match 2\u20130 with two goals from Dominik Stroh-Engel. The 10th match happened on 25 September 2010 against Wacker Burghausen. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Henning Grieneisen scored for Werder Bremen II and Bj\u00f6rn Hertl scored for Wacker Burghausen. Felix Kroos was sent-off during the match. The 11th match happened on 2 October 2010 against Kickers Offenbach. Kickers Offenbach won 3\u20131. Pascal Testroet scored for Werder Bremen II. Kickers Offenbach got two goals from Kai Hesse and a goal from Denis Berger. The 12th match happened on 15 October 2010 against Eintracht Braunschweig. Eintracht Braunschweig won 5\u20130 with goals from Dennis Kruppke, Mirko Boland, Domi Kumbela, Karim Bellarabi, and Matthias Henn. The 13th match happened on 23 October 2010 against Carl Zeiss Jena. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Kevin Krisch scored for Werder Bremen II and Josip Landeka scored for Carl Zeiss Jena. The 14th match happened on 30 October 2010 against 1. FC Heidenheim. Heidenheim won 1\u20130 with a goal from Richard Weil. The 15th match happened on 6 November 2010 against Dynamo Dresden. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Felix Kroos scored for Werder Bremen II and Alexander Esswein scored for Dynamo Dresden. Onur Ay\u0131k and Stefan Ronneburg, both who played for Werder Bremen II, were sent-off during the match."], "answer": {"text": "Red worked on new material for Until We Have Faces during their 2009-2010 tours.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_3cf5972aebfc4c0e8f7138428ee9890b_0_q#1", "question": "when was the album released?", "rewrite": "when was \"Until We Have Faces\" released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It follows that highly efficient mechanisms have been able to develop to the quick detection and identification of upright faces. This means that the face inversion effect would therefore be caused by an increased amount of experience with perceiving and recognising upright faces compared to inverted faces. The face-scheme incompatibility model has been proposed in order to explain some of the missing elements of the configural information hypothesis. According to the model, faces are processed and assigned meaning by the use of schemes and prototypes. The model defines a scheme as an abstract representation of the general structure of a face, including characteristics common to most faces (i.e. the structure of and relationships between facial features). A prototype refers to an image of what an average face would look like for a particular group (e.g. humans or monkeys). After being recognised as a face with the use of a scheme, new faces are added to a group by being evaluated for their similarity to that group's prototype. There are different schemes for upright and inverted faces: upright faces are more frequently viewed and thus have more efficient schemes than inverted faces. The face inversion effect is thus partly caused by less efficient schemes for processing the less familiar inverted form of faces. This makes the face-scheme incompatibility model similar to the perceptual learning theory, because both consider the role of experience important in the quick recognition of faces. Instead of just one explanation for the face inversion effect, it is more likely that aspects of different theories apply. For example, faces could be processed with configural information but the role of experience may be important for quickly recognising a particular type of face (i.e. human or dog) by building schemes of this facial type. The ability to quickly detect and recognise faces was important in early human life, and is still useful today.", "Faces of Death VI Faces of Death VI is a 1996 direct-to-video compilation of the highlights of the earlier films in the \"Faces of Death\" series. It features many of the same scenes shown in \"Faces of Death\" 1 and 4, as well as the earlier compilation \"Faces of Death V\". It begins without any opening credits, before recycling (for the third time) the sequence from \"Faces of Death\" involving the killing of a monkey which is then prepared and served to patrons of a gourmet restaurant. Also shown for the second time are the staged heart-ripping scene by African natives and the \"head in a box\" scene, both taken from \"Faces of Death IV\". John Alan Schwartz's cameo as the leader of the flesh eating cult, as well as \"The encapsulation of Samuel Berkowitz\" are also featured again, and the final credits are those from \"Faces of Death\". \"Faces of Death VI\" exists in 3 distinct versions: 1. The widest-known version is the one that was released \"unofficially\" by Gorgon Video in the U.S. in 1996. It features the artwork from part four reversed. It contains clips mostly from parts one and four, and has the opening credits from part one. This is the version of \"Faces of Death 6\" that was released to buy or rent on video in the U.S. 2. The second is a nearly extinct mail-order only version (which \"Fangoria\" possibly offered in the back of old issues) that is no longer available. Most outlets online with \"Faces of Death 6\" to download carry this version. It has no narration, all different footage, and the title screen reads \"FACES OF DEATH\", and then the word \"SIX\" slowly becomes imposed over the text.", "This type of information helps to distinguish one face from another because it differs between different faces. The holistic processing of faces describes the perception of faces as wholes, rather than the sum of their parts. This means that facial features (such as the eyes or nose) are not explicitly represented in the brain on their own, rather, the entire face is represented. According to the configural information hypothesis of face recognition, recognising faces involves two stages that use configural information to form holistic representations of faces. A study demonstrated that face-selective activity in the brain was delayed when the configural information of faces was disrupted (for example, when faces were inverted). This means that it took longer for the participants to recognise the faces they were viewing as faces and not other (non-facial) objects. The configural information explanation for facial recognition is therefore supported by the presence of the face inversion effect (a delay when faces are inverted). The first stage of recognising faces in the configural information hypothesis is first-level information processing. This stage uses first-order relational information to detect a face (i.e. to determine that a face is actually a face and not another object). Building a holistic representation of a face occurs at this early stage of face processing, to allow faces to be detected quickly. The next stage, second-level information processing, distinguishes one face from another with the use of second-order relational information. An inversion effect does not seem to occur for non-facial objects, suggesting that faces and other objects are not processed in the same way. Face recognition involves configural information to process faces holistically. However, object recognition does not use configural information to form a holistic representation.", "This principle transcends culture. For instance, Coren Apicella and her co-workers from Harvard University created average faces of an isolated hunter-gatherer tribe of 1,000 in Tanzania, Africa, the Hadza people. Hadza people rated the averaged Hadza faces as more attractive than the actual faces in the tribe. While Europeans also rated average Hadza faces as attractive, the Hadza people expressed no preference for average European faces. Apicella attributes this difference to the wider visual experiences of the Europeans, as they had been exposed to both Western and African faces. Thus the indifference of the Hadza towards average European faces could have been the result of lacking the European norm in their visual experience. These results suggest that the rules for extracting attractive faces are culture-independent and innate, but the results of applying the rules depend on the environment and cultural experience. That the preference for the average is biological rather than cultural has been supported by studies on babies, who gaze longer at attractive faces than at unattractive ones. Furthermore, Mark Stauss reported that 10-month-old children respond to average faces in the same way as they respond to attractive faces, and that these infants can extract the average from simply drawn faces consisting of only 4 features. Adam Rubenstein and coworkers showed that already at six months of age, children not only treat average faces the same as they treat attractive faces, but they are also able to extract the central tendency (i.e. the average) from a set of complex , naturalistic faces presented to them (i.e. not just the very simple 4-features faces used by Strauss). Thus the ability to extract the average from a set of realistic facial images operates from an early age, and is therefore almost certainly instinctive.", "After Small Faces split, Lane, Jones and McLagan floundered briefly before joining forces with two former members of The Jeff Beck Group, singer Rod Stewart and guitarist Ronnie Wood. This line-up dropped the \"Small\" tag and became Faces. However, hoping to capitalize on Small Faces' earlier success, record company executives wanted the band to keep their old name. The band objected, arguing the personnel changes resulted in a group altogether different from Small Faces. As a compromise, the new line-up's first album in the UK was credited as First Step by Faces, while in the US the same album was released as First Step by Small Faces. The album was only a mild commercial success, and the record companies perceived no further need to market this new line-up as \"Small Faces\". Accordingly, all subsequent albums by this incarnation of the band appeared under the new name Faces, on both sides of the Atlantic. However, all North American LP, cassette and CD reissues of First Step still credit the band as Small Faces. Jones and McLagan stayed with the 'sequel' group Faces until their breakup in 1975. Lane exited Faces slightly earlier, in 1973. With his backing band Slim Chance, Lane then released several singles and albums from 1973-1976, including the 1974 UK hit \"How Come\". Marriott's first post-Small Faces venture was with the rock group Humble Pie, formed with the former Herd member Peter Frampton. Initially, the group was a huge hit in the U.S. and the UK, but Humble Pie split in 1975 due to lack of later chart success, and Marriott went solo."], "answer": {"text": "Until We Have Faces was released on February 1, 2011.", "answer_start": 640}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in 2010 with Red?", "answer": {"text": "Red worked on new material for Until We Have Faces during their 2009-2010 tours.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3cf5972aebfc4c0e8f7138428ee9890b_0_q#2", "question": "did it have any hit singles?", "rewrite": "did \"Until We Have Faces\" have any hit singles?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Ren\u00e9 & Angela released their self-titled debut album in 1980, followed by \"Wall to Wall\" in 1982 and \"Rise\" in 1983. During this period they had two moderate R&B hit singles, \"I Love You More\" and \"My First Love.\u201d During Rene & Angela's early years, Moore and Winbush were asked to write and produce four songs for Janet Jackson's 1982 self-titled debut album, \"Janet Jackson.\" One of the songs, \"Young Love,\" became Jackson's first top ten R&B hit reaching number six on the chart. They also wrote exclusively for Stephanie Mills, who forged a close friendship with Winbush (their \"I Have Learned to Respect the Power of Love,\" gave Mills her first-ever #1 R&B single, in 1985). Winbush would later write another Mills number one R&B hit with \"Something in the Way You Make Me Feel.\" Between that, Rene & Angela decided to branch out and find a bigger fan base signing with Mercury Records in 1984. They released their breakthrough album, \"A Street Called Desire\" the following year. Among the hit singles included on the album was their first R&B number one with the dance single, \"Save Your Love (For #1),\" which included guest vocals from rapper Kurtis Blow, making it besides Chaka Khan's \"I Feel For You,\" one of the first songs to prominently feature a rapper. Other hit singles included \"I'll Be Good,\u201d the mostly Winbush-led \"Your Smile\" was another number one hit, while the subsequent \"You Don't Have to Cry \" hit number two in the beginning of 1986. Eventually \"A Street Called Desire\" sold over a million copies, going platinum, but on the brink of their greatest success, tensions between Winbush and Moore had grown.", "British Hit Singles & Albums British Hit Singles & Albums (originally known as The Guinness Book of British Hit Singles and The Guinness Book of British Hit Albums) was a music reference book originally published in the United Kingdom by the publishing arm of the Guinness breweries, Guinness Superlatives. Later editions were published by Guinness World Records and HiT Entertainment. It listed all the singles and albums featured in the Top 75 pop charts in the UK. In 2004 the book became an amalgamation of two earlier Guinness publications, originally known as British Hit Singles and British Hit Albums. The publication of this amalgamation ceased in 2006. A new version of the book published by Virgin and entitled \"The Virgin Book of British Hit Singles\", first published in November 2008. The first ten editions were compiled by Paul Gambaccini, Mike Read and brothers Tim Rice and Jonathan Rice. Read left the team in the mid-1980s and the other editors resigned in 1996. Chart editor for many editions was David Roberts. \"British Hit Singles & Albums\" was generally considered to be the authoritative reference (and only) source for both the UK Singles Chart (since its inception in 1952) and the UK Albums Chart. It listed all the singles and albums ever to have been in the UK charts since 1952 (albums since 1958), listing them in alphabetical order and by both artist and song title. The entries also included the date of chart entry, highest position, catalogue number and number of weeks in the chart. Short biographical notes accompanied many of the artists' chart details. The book's sources are the \"New Musical Express\" (\"NME\") chart from November 1952 to March 1960, and the \"Record Retailer\" (later \"Music Week\") chart thereafter.", "repeated lightning strike victim Roy Sullivan's hat complete with lightning holes and a pair of gem-studded golf shoes on sale for $6,500. The museum closed in 1995. In more recent years, the Guinness company has permitted the franchising of small museums with displays based on the book, all currently () located in towns popular with tourists: Tokyo, Copenhagen, San Antonio. There were once Guinness World Records museums and exhibitions at the London Trocadero, Bangalore, San Francisco, Myrtle Beach, Orlando, Atlantic City, New Jersey, and Las Vegas, Nevada. The Orlando museum, which closed in 2002, was branded \"The Guinness Records Experience\"; the Hollywood, Niagara Falls, Copenhagen, and Gatlinburg, Tennessee museums also previously featured this branding. Guinness World Records has commissioned various television series documenting world record breaking attempts, including: Specials: With the popularity of reality television, Guinness World Records began to market itself as the originator of the television genre, with slogans such as \"we wrote the book on Reality TV\". In 2008, Guinness World Records released its gamer's edition, a branch that keeps records for popular video game high scores, code and feats in association with Twin Galaxies. The Gamer's Edition contains 258 pages, over 1,236 video game related world records and four interviews including one with Twin Galaxies founder Walter Day. The most recent edition is the \"Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition, 2019,\" which was released September 6, 2018. The \"Guinness Book of British Hit Singles & Albums\" was published from 2003 to 2006, based on two earlier, separate HIT publications, \"British Hit Singles\" and \"British Hit Albums\", which began in 1977. It was effectively replaced (in singles part) by the \"Virgin Book of British Hit Singles\" from 2007 onward.", "\"Sixteen Tons of Hardware\" and \"Voodoo Magic\" were both hit singles in Finland. Two singles off the album, \"Living in a Fantasy\" and \"Sixteen Tons of Hardware\" went Number 1 in the Europa Plus Airplay Chart in Russia, and the album soon crossed over to neighboring countries, generating no less than five Top 5 hit singles in Ukraine and two Top 5 hit singles in Hungary. The track \"Gone\" was a Number 1 hit in Lebanon. BWO's second album \"Halcyon Days\", released in April 2006, entered the Swedish Album Chart at Number 1, shipping gold and generating four further hit singles, of which the first single \"Temple of Love\" was a Number 1 smash in Sweden and charted across Scandinavia and Eastern Europe. Halcyon Days was followed by a remix collection called \"Halcyon Nights\", released in December 2006. A third studio album, \"Fabricator\", was released in Sweden on September 19, 2007, entering the Swedish charts at Number 6. A pre-release single \"Save My Pride\", was released in May 2007, becoming BWO's fourth Top 20 single in Sweden. It also went Number 1 on major Turkish radio station Radio Mydonese's Top 40 Countdown in July 2007. The singles \"Let it Rain\" and \"Rhythm Drives Me Crazy\" were released simultaneously in August 2007. \" Rhythm Drives Me Crazy\" was chosen as the theme for the Swedish team in the Women's Football World Cup in China in September 2007, and was a fourth Top 20 hit for BWO in Finland. A fourth single \"The Destiny Of Love\" was released in October 2007. A fifth, \"Give Me the Night\", was released at the end of December 2007, but became the only BWO single (as of August 2008) to fail to reach the Swedish singles chart.", "The Virgin Book of British Hit Singles The Virgin Book of British Hit Singles is a charts reference book published in October 2008. It replaces the \"Guinness Book of British Hit Singles & Albums\", after the Guinness company withdrew interest in chart reference books at the same time their contract was due to expire. The last edition was published in 2006 covering all chart hits between 1952-2005. Two years later Virgin took over the contract from The Official Charts Company to publish the re-branded version of the book as \"The Virgin Book of British Hit Singles\" without the album charts information. The first edition of the book lists every act to have a chart hit in the UK top 75 singles chart between 1952-2008 (first quarter of the year). Unlike its predecessor it only lists the chart weeks spent in the top 40 if the single has ever charted high enough during its chart run to do so, while Guinness listed all weeks spent in the top 75. Selected acts have a mini-biography with their entry in the book, while other sections of the book have reports on the charts, such as how they have changed due to the event of digital downloads having an effect. The main section of the book contains the Top 75 UK hit singles, which are separated into the artists; solo singers, duets, groups and bands. The song titles, along with the highest UK Chart position, and number of weeks in Top 40 are included. The first edition featured this information along, with a list of all the songs in an A-Z list at the end of the book, for easy reference. The second edition of the book, referred to as 'Volume 2', was published in 2010 and had a number of changes, including the addition of a new section listing all the UK No. 1 singles from 1952 until the book was completed in early 2010."], "answer": {"text": "\"Start Again\" won Best Rock Recorded Song of the Year at the 2011 GMA Dove Awards.", "answer_start": 1710}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in 2010 with Red?", "answer": {"text": "Red worked on new material for Until We Have Faces during their 2009-2010 tours.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "Until We Have Faces was released on February 1, 2011.", "answer_start": 640, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3cf5972aebfc4c0e8f7138428ee9890b_0_q#3", "question": "did they have any other hit singles?", "rewrite": "did Red have any other hit singles besides \"Start Again\"?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Noor Mohammad Qarqin Noor Mohammad Qarqin, born 1953 in a village in Qarqeen District of Jowzjan Province, is a former Afghan government minister and ambassador. He is an ethnic Turkman and has an Bachelor of Science from Kabul University. In 1978, he began service in the Ministry of Education as a member of the Uzbek and Turkmen Department, and later had a leading position in the gas and oil industry in Hairatan. After the Soviet invasion he moved to Pakistan and took part in the Islamic resistance against the communist regime. In December 2001 he returned to Afghanistan and played a role in the Loya Jirga's that were set up to give Afghanistan a new administration and a new constitution. Between 2002 and 2004 Qarqeen was Social Affairs Minister of Afghanistan in the Transitional Administration, headed by Hamid Karzai. In the first presidential elections after the fall of the Taliban, he was director of the successful campaign of Karzai. He was rewarded with the position of education minister in the cabinet that Karzai appointed in 2004. After the election of the Wolesi Jirga, Karzai reshuffled his cabinet in 2006. The Ministry of Disabled and Martyrs was merged with the Ministry of Social Affairs and the new portfolio was given to Qarqeen. In the second Karzai administration Qarqeen didn't return as minister. He was made ambassador to Kyrgyzstan instead. His posting ended on Sep 30, 2016.", "British Hit Singles & Albums British Hit Singles & Albums (originally known as The Guinness Book of British Hit Singles and The Guinness Book of British Hit Albums) was a music reference book originally published in the United Kingdom by the publishing arm of the Guinness breweries, Guinness Superlatives. Later editions were published by Guinness World Records and HiT Entertainment. It listed all the singles and albums featured in the Top 75 pop charts in the UK. In 2004 the book became an amalgamation of two earlier Guinness publications, originally known as British Hit Singles and British Hit Albums. The publication of this amalgamation ceased in 2006. A new version of the book published by Virgin and entitled \"The Virgin Book of British Hit Singles\", first published in November 2008. The first ten editions were compiled by Paul Gambaccini, Mike Read and brothers Tim Rice and Jonathan Rice. Read left the team in the mid-1980s and the other editors resigned in 1996. Chart editor for many editions was David Roberts. \"British Hit Singles & Albums\" was generally considered to be the authoritative reference (and only) source for both the UK Singles Chart (since its inception in 1952) and the UK Albums Chart. It listed all the singles and albums ever to have been in the UK charts since 1952 (albums since 1958), listing them in alphabetical order and by both artist and song title. The entries also included the date of chart entry, highest position, catalogue number and number of weeks in the chart. Short biographical notes accompanied many of the artists' chart details. The book's sources are the \"New Musical Express\" (\"NME\") chart from November 1952 to March 1960, and the \"Record Retailer\" (later \"Music Week\") chart thereafter.", "Qarqin Qarqin is a town located in the northern part of Qarqin District, Jowzjan Province, Afghanistan at at 249 m altitude on the southern bank of the Amu Darya River. Qarqin is the center of Qarqin District. The population is about 16,500 people.", "Khamyab District Khamyab District is a frontier district in the province of Jowzjan in Afghanistan. It shares borders with Turkmenistan to the north and west, Khwaja Du Koh district to the south and the Mingajik and Qarqin districts to the east. As of 2006, the population is 12,400. The district center is the village of Khamyab (Kham-e Ab). The Amu Darya river flows in the northern end of the district and forms part of the international border. Within the district is the westernmost point of the river on Afghan territory, and the area here is also the lowest point in the country (about 255 m above sea level). The riverbank in Khamyab and further downstream in Qarqin has suffered from erosion on the Afghan side for decades, with the emergence of islands and a moving borderline. The floods have damaged agricultural lands of locals.", "Qarqin District Qarqin District is a small boundary district in the northern part of Jowzjan Province, Afghanistan. It borders Turkmenistan to the north along the Amu Darya River, Khamyab District to the west, Mingajik and Mardyan districts to the south, and Balkh Province to the east. The population is 21,400 (2006). The district center is the town of Qarqin, which is situated on the bank of the Amu Darya River."], "answer": {"text": "codes were given to all fans that sent in pictures of their faces to download an MP3 for the song \"Feed the Machine\".", "answer_start": 1146}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in 2010 with Red?", "answer": {"text": "Red worked on new material for Until We Have Faces during their 2009-2010 tours.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "Until We Have Faces was released on February 1, 2011.", "answer_start": 640, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did it have any hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "\"Start Again\" won Best Rock Recorded Song of the Year at the 2011 GMA Dove Awards.", "answer_start": 1710, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3cf5972aebfc4c0e8f7138428ee9890b_0_q#5", "question": "did the go on tour?", "rewrite": "did Red go on tour?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The IHSA is built upon the concept of geographic representation in its state playoff series. The IHSA was founded on December 27, 1900, at a rump session of the Illinois Principals Association. Known as the Illinois High School Athletic Association for the first 40 years of its existence, the IHSA is the second oldest of the 52 state high school associations. Only the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association outdates it, by two years. For the greater part of a decade, the IHSA was concerned mostly with establishing school control over interscholastic athletic programs and setting eligibility standards for competition. Ringers were a persistent problem, and among schoolboy sports, football was a special concern. In this period, severe injuries and even deaths were not uncommon, and there was much talk of banning football completely. In 1908, the IHSA's mission expanded in an unforeseen direction when its board was convinced by Lewis Omer of Oak Park and River Forest High School to sponsor a statewide basketball tournament. Although a handful of other state associations had sponsored track meets, none had ever attempted to organize a statewide basketball tournament. The first tournament, an 11-team invitational held at the Oak Park YMCA, was a financial success. Subsequent state tournaments, which were open to all member schools, provided the IHSA with fiscal independence, an important new vehicle to spread its message, and ever-increasing name recognition among the public. By 1922, the affairs of the Association became so time-consuming that its board hired a full-time manager, C. W. Whitten. As vice president of the Board, Whitten had recently reorganized the basketball tournament and reduced the size of the state finals from 21 teams to four. About the same time, the IHSA became a charter member of the National Federation of State High School Associations.", "Kotaro puts his favorite sweet; banana daifuku ahead of his transformation item, abused his own superpowers at last episode. Unlike Jin and Kenichi, he is a 100% naughty prankster who pranks people for the fun of it which led to his mischievousness still never end for his whole life. Yousuke Kazamatsuri is the geek/nerd of the group, shy, sometimes unexpected-acting, curious boy whom troubled by his grade-conscious mother, and crush on Yurika, do anything for her. As , he is the first to discover their superpowers in the Ganbare Suits, which in his case is super-senses. he flies the Ganbare Jet (which is actually a prop-driven plane) and Mach Eagle. After he protects the egg containing it, he becomes the pilot of Gekiryuger as well. Rikiya Ryuzaki is a caring, diligent, loving brother and hard worker that wants to become a professional baseball player. He has the most sense of duty in Gambar team, getting angry with Kotaro's sloppiness. As , Rikiya Ryuzaki gains super-strength. His vehicle is the Ganbar Buggy, which looks like a red go-cart, and like the other two vehicles becomes part of the cockpit for his mech, in this case King Elephant. He is the son of the owner of the ramen restaurant. When anyone needs more help, he ends up becoming the pilot of Revolger as well. Kotaro's father. Toubei is a great ninja who is ninja dojo's master but no pupils, However, early on Yaminorius turns him into a dog when he attempts to battle him, a form he stays in for most of the rest of the series, called , or Gon for short.", "It tells him to stop Magog from plunging the world into war (later supplementing this with visions of scenes taken directly from the series \"Kingdom Come\", in which Magog is responsible for the destruction of Kansas), and shows Max images of himself killing a distraught Magog with Magog's own staff. When the team next encounter Lord, after mind-controlling Fire and then Booster Gold to prevent them from stopping him, he ports from the old JLI embassy back to Checkmate, where he attempts to provoke Magog into a fatal fight with Captain Atom. Meanwhile, Power Girl and Batman both come close to identifying Lord during separate investigations, but lose their train of thought when on the verge of remembering his history. The League, meanwhile, find evidence that Lord has been assembling secret robotics labs; Fire, Ice and Rocket Red go to visit one only to be confronted by the Metal Men. In the ensuing battle Ice's powers mutate to new levels, causing her briefly to go mad as she remembers the truth of her origins. Elsewhere, Booster Gold, Blue Beetle and Captain Atom are investigating an abandoned base when Captain Atom is assailed by Magog. Magog and Captain Atom battle in the heart of Chicago, where Captain Atom is able at length to convince Magog that he is being manipulated. Magog, remembering Lord's existence, ceases the attack, but Lord is on hand and mind-controls Magog into killing himself with his spear. Lord then uses his powers to convince bystanders and the media that Captain Atom killed Magog. He then receives a message from the Entity, saying he \"has averted war. Life returned.\" As horrified witnesses accuse him of murder, Captain Atom realizes Magog's spear is about to explode with energy. He tries to absorb as much as he can, but the force thrusts him once again into the time stream.", "-i -na, ma maa \u2013luma \u2013gu -i -na\" 1SG squeal -RED-RED go -RED just inside LIG bush -PL-DEIC CON back of house -1SG-SG-DEIC, CON eye-house -1SG-SG-DEIC. \u201cI squealed (while) just walking in the bush (lit: those bushes) and at the back of my house and my door\u201d There are a select few common nouns which show personal possession in inalienable constructions but not alienable: This limited group suggests that there is a semantic basis, that all these items are either worn or slept in. The treatment of these nouns (of personal decoration) as inalienable is consistent even when the possessor is not wearing them, in contrast to \u2018clothes\u2019. (9) \"Rabu \u2013ta\u2019 ini-a ta \u2013na vuli-na vua nau \u2013 i\" Beat \u2013 TRS -3SG LOC-3SG bed-3SG grandchild 1SG-SG \u201cbeat [the plant] on my grandchild\u2019s bed\u201d Intangible things which aren\u2019t transferable between people are treated as bound to a person.: (10) \"Zata-na te uta\u2019a \u2013 i a Sibiloko\" Name-3SG one man -SG ART NAME \u201cthe name of one man was Sibiloko\u201d (11)\"e se bweina ta\u2019e tatala \u2013 na mwela-ne\" 3SG NEG big INTENS footprint-3SG child-DEIC \u201cthis child \u2019s footprint isn\u2019t really big\u201d Parts/sections of man-made things, natural things such as rivers and hils, and patterns like dances are treated as inalienably possessed. These include: ( 12)\"Golu ge", "Yusuke Fujimoto Yusuke Fujimoto ( ; born July 22, 1975) is a Japanese former heavyweight kickboxer who competed in K-1 and was the K-1 World GP 2007 in Hong Kong tournament champion. He is nicknamed \"Bun Bun Maru\" because of his tendency to throw big, swinging punches, and is distinguishable by his bald head and lack of eyebrows. He holds notable victories over Musashi, Dewey Cooper, and Francois Botha. Fujimoto made his professional kickboxing debut at K-1 Rising 2000 on January 25, 2000 and scored a second round TKO victory over Masanobu Yamanaka. He briefly stepped down to amateur status the same year, winning the Monster Challenge 2000 K-2 Tournament via decision over the returning Yamanaka. This was the only championship Fujimoto would win for some time: he entered four regional tournaments within the following three years but was regularly defeated, advancing no further than the last match of the K-1 Survival 2003 Japan Grand Prix Final. At K-1 Burning 2004, Fujimoto broke his right arm during a match with Montanha Silva. The injury kept him out of competition for 14 months. He returned to fight Carter Williams at the K-1 World Grand Prix 2005 in Las Vegas, but was injured again when Williams broke his nose, ending the match via no contest. Fujimoto later made it to the finals of the K-1 World Grand Prix 2005 in Hawaii but was knocked out by Gary Goodridge. The following year saw a change in Fujimoto\u2019s fortune. On June 3, he bested ssireum wrestler Dong-wook Kim, karateka Tsuyoshi Nakasako, and Olympic judoka Kim Min-soo to win the K-1 World Grand Prix 2006 in Seoul \u2013 becoming the first Japanese K-1 competitor to win an overseas tournament."], "answer": {"text": "They joined Union Entertainment label-mates Hinder on their All American Nightmare Tour", "answer_start": 73}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in 2010 with Red?", "answer": {"text": "Red worked on new material for Until We Have Faces during their 2009-2010 tours.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "Until We Have Faces was released on February 1, 2011.", "answer_start": 640, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did it have any hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "\"Start Again\" won Best Rock Recorded Song of the Year at the 2011 GMA Dove Awards.", "answer_start": 1710, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they have any other hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "codes were given to all fans that sent in pictures of their faces to download an MP3 for the song \"Feed the Machine\".", "answer_start": 1146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how many were downloaded?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3cf5972aebfc4c0e8f7138428ee9890b_0_q#6", "question": "did they work with anyone else?", "rewrite": "did Red work with anyone else besides Hinder?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In the end, May Nhai chooses Pong over Fame because he stands by her despite her power. The title \" May Who?\" is derived from an expression used in Thailand, where 'May' is the most common girl's name. People will say 'May Who?' when they do not know which May is being referred to. The film was supposedly going to be released five months earlier but the 10-minute inclusion of animation in the film caused the delay. It was finally released on October 1, 2015, less than a month after GTH's release of \"Freelance\" film. \" May Who?\" is the movie comeback of director Chayanop Boonprakob after the success of his first feature-film \"SuckSeed\" in 2011. If \"SuckSeed\" was inspired by Boonprakob's love for music, \"May Who?\" was inspired by his passion for comics and animation. In fact, the story line of the film was based on Boonprakob's teenage years. He stated: \"I kept a diary and also drew comic stories, especially when I had a crush on a girl. At that time I didn't have a camera to take her picture and couldn't look into her life because Facebook didn't exist... This experience of mine became my inspiration in creating the character of Pong.\" Commenting on how teenagers compare themselves to others because they feel dissatisfied with what they have, he said: \"Pong lacks confidence and he is a nobody in school, but he is sensitive to the feelings of others around him. This enables him to draw the little details into his illustrations, and I think this is the charm of Pong.\" He also adapted Hollywood's superhero image, which suited both the Thai culture and the film budget.", "O T\u00fa o Ninguna \"O T\u00fa o Ninguna\" () is a song written by Juan Carlos Calder\u00f3n and produced and performed by Mexican singer Luis Miguel. The song is a bolero in which the protagonist cannot envision his life without anyone else besides his love interest. It was released as the second single from the album \" Amarte Es un Placer\" on 6 September 1999. The track reached the top of the \"Billboard\" Hot Latin Songs chart in the United States and peaked at number seven on the Brazilian Singles Chart. \"O T\u00fa o Ninguna\" received positive reviews from music critics who praised Miguel's delivery. It received a Latin Grammy nomination for Song of the Year in 2000. Calder\u00f3n received a ASCAP Latin Award for the song in the same year. A music video for the track was filmed in San Francisco, California and directed by Rebecca Blake. In the video, Miguel searches for his love interest amidst a large crowd in the city. In 1997, Luis Miguel released his twelfth studio album \"Romances\", the third record in his \"Romance\" series on which he covers classic Latin American boleros. It sold over 4.5 million copies and won the Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Performance in 1998. To promote \"Romances\", he embarked on a tour of the United States, Latin America, and Spain lasting over a year. By 1998, Miguel was considered the most popular Latin artist internationally and his albums had sold over 35 million copies worldwide. Miguel began a relationship with American singer Mariah Carey the following year. After an absence of two years on the music scene, Miguel announced on 19 July 1999 that he would release a new album by September. He said the upcoming album would be a return to pop recordings as opposed to the bolero cover versions he had recorded on the \"Romance\" series.", "He denied rumors that he was planning to record a duet with Carey. The album's final title, \"Amarte Es un Placer\" was announced on 17 August 1999. Miguel confirmed that it was the first album where he was more involved in the tracks' composition. In addition to Miguel co-writing several of the record's tracks, he was assisted by other composers including Armando Manzanero, Juan Carlos Calder\u00f3n, and Arturo Perez. Recording took place at the A&M Studios, Cello Studios, Ocean Way Recording, Watersound, and the Record Plant in Hollywood, California with Miguel handling the productions himself. \" O T\u00fa o Ninguna\" is a bolero composed by Calder\u00f3n. In the lyrics, the protagonist cannot imagine being with anyone else besides his love interest. It was released as the second single from \"Amarte Es un Placer\" on 6 September 1999. A live version was included on the album \"Vivo\" (2000), and the original recording was included on the compilation album \"Grandes \u00c9xitos\" (2005). Fred Shuster of the \"Los Angeles Daily News\" called \"O T\u00fa o Ninguna\" a \"radio staple\". The \"Orange County Register\" editor Daniel Chang regarded the song as a \"tender bolero that defines Miguel's signature style of heart-melting charm and warmth. \" The \"Houston Chronicle\" critic Joey Guerra regarded the track as an \"effective love ballad\". At the inaugural Latin Grammy Awards ceremony in 2000, \"O T\u00fa o Ninguna\" received a nomination for Song of the Year, but lost to \"D\u00edmelo\" by Marc Anthony. The track was recognized as one of the best performing Latin songs of 1999 at the ASCAP Latin awards in 2000.", "Azalea clarified her single did not initially sample the track but sounded similar, prompting her to make \"a couple of changes to it and it just felt right to me to embrace it since I felt like it already had that element that sounded like it, instead of trying to move away from it or take something from it. Mannie [Fresh] and everybody hit us up and said that they loved the record, so I'm excited to have like a childhood rap favorite in my new song. \" \"Team\" received mostly favorable reviews from contemporary music critics. Carolyn Menyes of Music Times claimed the track \"shows a new sense of independence for [Azalea], both lyrically and by releasing a single where she's the only star, and the hook is undeniable. \" Writing for \"Fuse\", Jason Lipshutz mentioned Azalea \"declares, ' Baby I got me/ And that's all I need,' in a moment of snarling independence; the sentiment would have made it impossible for anyone else besides Azalea to handle the song's hook. \" Carl Williott of Idolator described the song \"is built on a metallic, laser-bass throb-and-snap that totally lives up to the album's title, and even Iggy haters would have to admit this beat goes,\" also referencing the interpolation of Juvenile's \"Back That Thang Up.\" Robbie Daw of the same publication applauded Azalea for \"focusing on her own brand of catchy rap-pop,\" while Mike Wass added the track is \"palpably defiant\" and praising Azalea's decision to reunite with her mixtape collaborators D.R.U.G.S. who acknowledge \"her pop sensibility\" with \"laser-sharp trap beats.\"", "The members of Bio annually participate in a contest called the bio photo exhibition, and write the instruction manual of biology experiment supplies. The club is famous for its entrance test, where a room escape game is done. (ix) Hanaram Hanaram is a club that makes newspapers. Members divide subjects, and each writes an article about each subject and posts it on Facebook. (x) NeoArt NeoArt is a movie making club. At the annual school festival, they show the short movie they make throughout the year. (xi) Periodics Periodics is a theoretical chemistry club. Almost all of the members of the IChO Korean representatives are from this club. They annually go to the Korean science and creativity festival and run a booth. The 2018 IChO Korean representatives were all from Periodics except for 1 student from Daegu Science High School. (xii) Com&C Com&C is a software research club. The members do many activities related with computer programming, such as using programming robots. (xiii)Ajeulga Ajeulga is a school magazine editing club. In SSHS, there is an annual school magazine about 200~300pages. The members of Ajeulga edit the articles on it. (xiv)Athena Athena is a book club. In Athena, the members invite a famous author, who lectures to the whole school. Also, they regularly open book events and sell handmade bookmarks. (xv)Quantas Quantas is the physical experiment club. An annual booklet called 'Quanta Story' is published by Quantas, which includes problems and solutions made by Quantas members. Most of the Quantas members study the physics Olympiads, and the consist a large portion in the IPhO national team. (xvi) Trouble maker Trouble maker is an invention club."], "answer": {"text": "On June 5, 2011 they started their Kill Th3 Machin3 Tour with Oh No Fiasco, Taddy Porter, Red Jumpsuit Apparatus and Evans Blue.", "answer_start": 195}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in 2010 with Red?", "answer": {"text": "Red worked on new material for Until We Have Faces during their 2009-2010 tours.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "Until We Have Faces was released on February 1, 2011.", "answer_start": 640, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did it have any hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "\"Start Again\" won Best Rock Recorded Song of the Year at the 2011 GMA Dove Awards.", "answer_start": 1710, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they have any other hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "codes were given to all fans that sent in pictures of their faces to download an MP3 for the song \"Feed the Machine\".", "answer_start": 1146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how many were downloaded?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the go on tour?", "answer": {"text": "They joined Union Entertainment label-mates Hinder on their All American Nightmare Tour", "answer_start": 73, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_3cf5972aebfc4c0e8f7138428ee9890b_0_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides the Kill Th3 Machin3 Tour ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Jakkanahalli Jakkanahalli is a small village in Mandya district of Karnataka state, India. Jakkanahalli is located between Nagamangala and Pandavapura near to Melukote. There is a post office in Jakkanahalli and the pin code is 571431. Jakkanahalli is about 32 km from the district headquarters of Mandya and 20 km from the nearest town of Pandavapura. It is 122 km from Bangalore, the state capital. Jakkanahalli Pin code is 571807 and postal head office is Kirangoor . The nearest railway station is pandavapura at a distance of 18 km. Vijaya College, Pandavapura. Kitturu Rani Channamma School, Halebeedu. B.Capital School, Manikana Hally. Morarji HP School, Pandavapura. Vidyanikethana Highschool, Y.H.Koppalu.", "is the central point for farmers everyday business. Every Thursday, a farmer's market (called as \"Santhe\" in Kannada) is held in the heart of the town, where farmers directly sell their agricultural products. Apart from agricultural products, you can also find handicrafts, ayurvedic products etc. , Surrounding villages have Jaggery manufacturing units and it is a nice experience to watch the process of making Jaggery out of sugar cane. The Visweswarayya Canal (VC Canal) flows in the heart of the town, by dividing the town into two halves. The water for this canal is sourced from the Krishnaraja Sagar (KRS), which is Reservoir across the river Cauvery. There is a French cemetery in Harohalli, in the outskirts of Pandavapura, where the French who came to aid Tipu Sultan are buried. The beautiful cemetery is more than 250 years old, has fallen into neglect and vandalism. The French soldiers and family members mostly died from malaria, fatigue or in battle. The land for the French cemetery was granted by Tippu Sultan. Only 35 graves remain, most in a bad state. Iron grilles, bricks, metal plaques and expensive marble have been removed from the graves, and many have no headstone. Pandavapura is well connected by trains and buses. Most of the trains which run between Bangalore and Mysore stop in Pandavapura. The Pandavapura railway station is 4 km away from the town. There are very few direct buses runs from Bengaluru to Pandavapura. However, travelers from Bengaluru can reach Mandya town by bus, and change for a Pandavapura bus at the Mandya KSRTC bus stand. The train is the best and easiest mode of transportation to Pandavapura from Bangalore. Pandavapura town is surrounded by well-known tourist spots.", "Red was a part of the 2011 WinterJam lineup which started up in January. They joined Union Entertainment label-mates Hinder on their All American Nightmare Tour which kicked off on May 10, 2011. On June 5, 2011 they started their Kill Th3 Machin3 Tour with Oh No Fiasco, Taddy Porter, Red Jumpsuit Apparatus and Evans Blue. In September 2011 they went on the \"Rock Allegiance Tour\" with Buckcherry, Papa Roach, Puddle of Mudd, P.O.D., Crossfade and Drive A. They hit the road immediately after this to start their second leg of the Kill Th3 Machin3 Tour, with Brian \"Head\" Welch, Echoes the Fall and Icon for Hire. The tour ended in Atlanta, Georgia on October 26. RED is finishing the WinterJam 2011 WEST COAST in November and will participate in Christmas Rock Night. Red was also the first band to ever enter Loudwire's Cage Match Hall of Fame, beating bands like Skillet, Seether, and Nickelback. In 2011, Red were made Grand Marshalls of a parade in Linesville, Pennsylvania, the town where the Armstrongs and Barnes grew up. In February and March 2012 they were on the Redvolution Tour with Thousand Foot Krutch, Manafest, Nine Lashes, and Kiros. Red announced a European tour in April 2012.", "Pandavapura Pandavapura is a panchayat town in Mandya district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Pandavapura is located at . It has an average elevation of 709 metres (2326 feet). Earlier, Pandavapura was known as Hirode , Dandu , and French Rocks. India census, Pandavapura had a population of 18,236. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Pandavapura has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 62%. In Pandavapura, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. The name Pandavapura means \"Town of Pandavas\". Mythology states that the Pandavas during their period of exile stayed here for some time, and Kunti, mother of the Pandavas, liked the hillock so much that it became one of her favorite haunts. The town is also named after the Pandavas because of their brief stay in this region. The name \"French Rock\" dates back to India's Pre-Independence days, the place was used as the camping ground by the French army, which came to help Tippu Sultan in his war against the British. It is believed that French named the small town as \"French Rocks\", as the town is in the vicinity of two rocky hills. After Indian Independence, these rocky hills called as \"Kunti Betta\" by locals. There was another smaller hill called \"Kauravara betta\" on the western side of the town which has been mined out of existence for its stones. Pandavapura is approximately 130 km from Bangalore and 25 km from Mysore. Pandavapura town is surrounded by beautiful paddy and sugar cane fields. Agriculture is the main occupation around the town. The town is surrounded by many villages and the town", "Chinakurali Chinakurali is a village in Pandavapura taluk, Mandya district of Karnataka state, India. Chinakurali village is located between Pandavapura and Krishnarajpet towns in Southern Karnataka. The village is located 1`2 km away from Pandavapura town. The village has a population of 12000 people as per the 2011 census. The area of the village is 398 hectares. Chinakurali villages is part of Pandavapura Taluk in Mandya district. The village is 137 km from the state capital of Bangalore. There is a post office in Chinakurali and the pincode is 571455. The post office comes under Mandya Head Post Office."], "answer": {"text": "Red was also the first band to ever enter Loudwire's Cage Match Hall of Fame,", "answer_start": 770}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in 2010 with Red?", "answer": {"text": "Red worked on new material for Until We Have Faces during their 2009-2010 tours.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "Until We Have Faces was released on February 1, 2011.", "answer_start": 640, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did it have any hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "\"Start Again\" won Best Rock Recorded Song of the Year at the 2011 GMA Dove Awards.", "answer_start": 1710, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they have any other hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "codes were given to all fans that sent in pictures of their faces to download an MP3 for the song \"Feed the Machine\".", "answer_start": 1146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how many were downloaded?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the go on tour?", "answer": {"text": "They joined Union Entertainment label-mates Hinder on their All American Nightmare Tour", "answer_start": 73, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did they work with anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "On June 5, 2011 they started their Kill Th3 Machin3 Tour with Oh No Fiasco, Taddy Porter, Red Jumpsuit Apparatus and Evans Blue.", "answer_start": 195, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_3cf5972aebfc4c0e8f7138428ee9890b_0_q#8", "question": "what did they enter for?", "rewrite": "what did Red enter Loudwire's Cage Match Hall of Fame for?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["J. Howard Catlin House The J. Howard Catlin House was a historic house at 14 Knife Shop Road in Litchfield, Connecticut. Built about 1879, it was a distinctive vernacular example of Carpenter Gothic architecture. It was built for J. Howard Catlin, one of the owners of the Northfield Knife Company, whose plant was located just to the east. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places; it was subsequently demolished to make way for a fire station. The J. Howard Catlin House stood in the village of Northfield in southeastern Litchfield. It stood on the north side of Knife Shop Road, a few hundred feet east of Connecticut Route 254, where the Northfield Fire Station now stands. It was a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with an unusual L-shaped plan. It was basically a north-south rectangle with a gabled roof that had an east-facing cross gable, and a wing projecting the west. Its exterior was clad in wooden clapboards, and it rested on a granite foundation. Its exterior had a number of distinctive Gothic features, including porch railings with balusters in a Gothic-arch pattern, and narrow pointed windows in the attic levels of the gables. The house was built about 1879. Its builder was described by architectural historian David Ransom as likely an \"ingenious but untrained amateur\", owing to awkward aspects of its floorplan, and the unusual nature of some of its interior and exterior decorative elements. J. Howard Catlin, for whom it was built, had purchased the adjacent Northfield Knife Company in 1858 with his brother Franklin. The company became one of the nation's leading manufacturers of knives, its wares displayed at various world fairs between 1876 and 1901. The Catlins sold the company in 1919.", "A version of the hardcore match except weapons include flaming tables, flaming chairs, razor wire, sheets of glass and weapons wrapped in barbed wire), no holds barred match, and the \"good housekeeping\" match (which emphasized the use of kitchen implements as weapons). Some promotions, such as Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling, the International Wrestling Association of Japan, International Wrestling Syndicate, Extreme Championship Wrestling, Big Japan Pro Wrestling, and Combat Zone Wrestling, have specialized in hardcore matches, with \"standard\" non-hardcore matches being the exception. World Championship Wrestling utilized the term \"Raven's rules\" for hardcore matches involving the wrestler Raven. They also created their own specific brand of hardcore match, for which bouts were to begin backstage rather than in the ring. A barbed wire steel cage match is one of any number of matches that uses strands of barbed wire in some capacity. Simply using barbed wire in an otherwise regular steel cage match does \"not\" make the match a barbed wire steel cage match; the barbed wire must be part of the match's design. Other variations are the razor wire steel cage match, a similar concept to that of the barbed wire cage match, however the barbed wire is replaced by razor wire and is wrapped around the top, corners, and walls of the cage, and barbed wire razor wire steel cage match is the same as the barbed wire cage match, however the top, corners, and walls of the cage are covered with barbed wire, then also further covered with razor wire. The Clockwork Orange House of Fun match, known as \"Raven's house of fun\" or simply \"house of fun\", was created by professional wrestler Raven (legit, as Raven pitched the idea himself to TNA's creative team).", "Red was a part of the 2011 WinterJam lineup which started up in January. They joined Union Entertainment label-mates Hinder on their All American Nightmare Tour which kicked off on May 10, 2011. On June 5, 2011 they started their Kill Th3 Machin3 Tour with Oh No Fiasco, Taddy Porter, Red Jumpsuit Apparatus and Evans Blue. In September 2011 they went on the \"Rock Allegiance Tour\" with Buckcherry, Papa Roach, Puddle of Mudd, P.O.D., Crossfade and Drive A. They hit the road immediately after this to start their second leg of the Kill Th3 Machin3 Tour, with Brian \"Head\" Welch, Echoes the Fall and Icon for Hire. The tour ended in Atlanta, Georgia on October 26. RED is finishing the WinterJam 2011 WEST COAST in November and will participate in Christmas Rock Night. Red was also the first band to ever enter Loudwire's Cage Match Hall of Fame, beating bands like Skillet, Seether, and Nickelback. In 2011, Red were made Grand Marshalls of a parade in Linesville, Pennsylvania, the town where the Armstrongs and Barnes grew up. In February and March 2012 they were on the Redvolution Tour with Thousand Foot Krutch, Manafest, Nine Lashes, and Kiros. Red announced a European tour in April 2012.", "Lie to Me (Denial) \"Lie to Me (Denial)\" (written as \"Denial (Lie to Me)\" on \"Who We Are: The RED Anthology\") is the fourth single by the American Christian rock band Red on their third full-length studio album \"Until We Have Faces\". The song was written by Anthony Armstrong, Joe Rickard, Rob Graves, Jasen Rauch, and Mark Holman. This song was responsible for putting Red into \"Loudwire\"s Cage Match Hall of Fame as the first member for out-popularizing Skillet's \"It's Not Me, It's You\", Black Tide's \"That Fire\", Black Stone Cherry's \"Blame It on the Boom Boom\", Seether's \"Tonight\", and Nickelback's \"Bottoms Up\" in five \"Cage Matches\", a contest which songs earn votes over a period of a day. The song is one of the heavier songs on its album, but less than the second single \"Feed the Machine\". AudioInkRadio wrote that \"'Lie to Me (Denial)' opens with an eerie instrumental passage, pierced with subtle electronic beats and warm guitar tones, before exploding into crushing riffs and towering melodies.\" The song is apparently about denial and refutation. An AudioInkRadio editor wrote of the song: \"Haven't you ever wanted someone to just lie to you, instead of getting the truth? That's what this song is about.\"", "Musically, the song has been described as \"percussion-heavy\" with a \"Depeche Mode-esque beat\" and \"hammered down guitar licks. Loudwire described Hawkin's vocals as possessing a quite-loud dynamic, alternating from a \"restrained vulnerable\" and a \"primal catharsis\" sound that captured the early stages of a \"relationship gone wrong\". The song performed well commercially and critically. It topped the \"Billboard\" US Mainstream Rock Songs chart in November 2017, the band's first song to do so. It also received multiple nominations for best rock song in 2017. It received two Grammy Award nominations Best Rock Song and Best Rock Performance, for the 2018 Grammys. It additionally received a nomination for \"Best Rock Song\" for the iHeartRadio Music Awards. The song was also strongly praised by rock and metal music website Loudwire, who named it one of their top songs of 2017, and nominated for top hard rock song of the year for their Loudwire Music Awards. It did not win the award, but was still named Loudwire's staff pick for best hard rock song of 2017. The song also fared well with Loudwire's readers/listener's with the website's \"Cage Match\" voting polls, with it being put into its \"Hall of Fame\" due to winning the vote five times in a row, including winning over The Foo Fighters \"Run\", Highly Suspect's \"Little One\", Greta Van Fleet's \"Highway Tune\", Prophets of Rage's \"Living on the 110\", and Skillet's \"The Resistance\"."], "answer": {"text": "beating bands like Skillet, Seether, and Nickelback.", "answer_start": 848}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in 2010 with Red?", "answer": {"text": "Red worked on new material for Until We Have Faces during their 2009-2010 tours.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "Until We Have Faces was released on February 1, 2011.", "answer_start": 640, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did it have any hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "\"Start Again\" won Best Rock Recorded Song of the Year at the 2011 GMA Dove Awards.", "answer_start": 1710, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they have any other hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "codes were given to all fans that sent in pictures of their faces to download an MP3 for the song \"Feed the Machine\".", "answer_start": 1146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how many were downloaded?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the go on tour?", "answer": {"text": "They joined Union Entertainment label-mates Hinder on their All American Nightmare Tour", "answer_start": 73, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did they work with anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "On June 5, 2011 they started their Kill Th3 Machin3 Tour with Oh No Fiasco, Taddy Porter, Red Jumpsuit Apparatus and Evans Blue.", "answer_start": 195, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Red was also the first band to ever enter Loudwire's Cage Match Hall of Fame,", "answer_start": 770, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_71380cc3eba14768b50e10f306f300b9_1_q#0", "question": "Besides Palestinian art and politics, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Palestinian art and politics, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["As an independent scholar she has contributed to the documentation of Palestinian art of the twentieth century through such texts as her 2001 book, \"Liberation Art of Palestine: Palestinian Painting and Sculpture in the Second Half of the 20th Century\" (H.T.T.B. Publications), a chapter titled \"\u201cThe Pictorial Arts of Jerusalem During the First Half of the 20th Century,\u201d that appears in the 2012 book, \"Jerusalem Interrupted: Modernity and Colonial Transformation 1917-Present\" (ed. Lena Jayyusi, Olive Branch Press) and several curated exhibitions of Palestinian art in the US. She has also lectured widely on the subject in galleries and universities throughout the US and in venues in the Arab world. In the early 2000s, she was instrumental in the landmark exhibition \"Made in Palestine,\" which was organized by the Station Museum of Contemporary Art in Houston and curated by James Harithas, Tex Kerschen, and Gabriel Delgado. Halaby actively assisted the curators in researching Palestinian artists, both in the US and the Arab world, introducing them to such artists as the late Mustapha Hallaj in Syria and Abdul Hay al Mussalam in Jordan, for example. The first museum exhibition of Palestinian art to be held in the US, \"Made in Palestine\" (2003) went on to tour the US, The 2004 exhibition \"The Subject of Palestine,\" which Halaby curated for the DePaul Art Museum, was described by the Chicago Tribune as presenting \"the work of 16 contemporary Palestinian artists that even the least informed of viewers are likely to come away with the sense that they have seen and grasped something important. \" The review went on to congratulate DePaul Art Museum for its \"incisive presentation.", "Lake Cormorant, Mississippi Lake Cormorant is an unincorporated community located in DeSoto County, Mississippi, United States. Lake Cormorant is adjacent to the town of Walls and north of North Tunica near U.S. Route 61. Although an unincorporated community, Lake Cormorant has a post office and a zip code of 38641. Klack's General Store in Lake Cormorant is where blues singer Son House was recorded for the Library of Congress in 1941. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the K\u00f6ppen Climate Classification system, Lake Cormorant has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated \"Cfa\" on climate maps.", "Zawyeh art gallery Zawyeh Art Gallery is an Independent art foundation based in Ramallah, Palestine and founded by Ziad Anani in 2013 to support and promote local emerging and established artists from Palestine internationally. Zawyeh\u2019s mission is to promote emerging and established Palestinian artists \u2013 from Palestine and the Diaspora \u2013 through various thematic exhibitions at home and aboard. Zawyeh showcases excellent contemporary and modern Palestinian art internationally through the participation in art fairs, exhibitions and bespoke art projects. Additionally, Zawyeh actively supports young artists in growing their art and portfolios. Since its establishment, Zawyeh has organised many solo and collective exhibitions, across a variety of mediums including painting, sculpture, installation, video and photography. Zawyeh believes that resilience in the face of adversity in Palestine engenders creativity and artistic excellence. Zawyeh Gallery is pleased to introduce its latest initiative \u201cPoster\u201d, a project that offers a wide variety of affordable art prints (posters, canvas) to make Palestinian art accessible to everyone. \u201cPoster\u201d offers over 70 different artworks available in sizes A3, A2, A1 and A0 of the highest quality paper and canvas, \u201cPoster\u201d makes it easier to decorate every room in the house, business or organization. \u201cPoster\u201d covers a wide variety of art movements for all tastes: from contemporary art (Rana Samara, Ibrahim Nubani, Tayseer Barakat), to modern (Nabil Anani, Sliman Mansour), abstract, figurative or landscape painting. Each featured artist offers their unique perspectives on Palestine: on its culture, people, conflicts, politics, and geography. Through art, we hope to cultivate an appreciation for the richness and wonder of Palestine and the struggle and resistance of Palestinian people under the occupation.", "Gannit Ankori Gannit Ankori (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d0\u05e0\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9) is an Israeli art historian. She is Professor of Fine Arts and Chair in Israeli Art at the Department of Fine Arts at Brandeis University. She was previously chair of the Department of Art History at Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Ankori studies gender studies, Palestinian art, and the art of the Jewish diaspora. Ankori is regarded as a \"champion\" of Palestinian art and has devoted two decades of her career to the study of Palestinian art which she views as a continuous artistic tradition before and after the Nakba of 1948. Her sister is the actress Gilat Ankori. She has published extensively in the fields of Mexican, Palestinian, and Israeli art, as well as feminist cultural studies. Her articles have been printed in Hebrew, Arabic, French, German, and English.", "Qalandiya International Qalandiya International is a contemporary art event and biennale that takes place every two years across Palestinian cities and villages. Founded in 2012, it brings together Palestinian and international art and culture organizations in collaboration to produce exhibitions, performances, talks, film screenings, workshops, and tours. QI coincides with and incorporates The Jerusalem Show, a cultural event organized by the Al-Ma\u2019mal Foundation and centered in the Old City, and the Young Artist of the Year Award (YAYA), organized by the A. M. Qattan Foundation and given every two years to a Palestinian artist under the age of 30. The inaugural Qalandiya International was conceived as a way to create an infrastructure that supported cultural practice across Palestine and the diaspora. It took place from 1\u201315 November 2012 under the title \"Art and Life in Palestine\", and was co- produced by the Al-Ma\u2019mal Foundation for Contemporary Art in Jerusalem (which had been producing The Jerusalem Show since 2007), Al Hoash- Palestinian Art Court, the International Academy of Art- Palestine, A. M. Qattan Foundation, Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center, and RIWAQ \u2013 Center for Architectural Conservation. The second edition of Qalandiya International ran from 22 October- 15 November 2014, under the title \"Archives Lived and Shared.\" The Palestinian Museum was added as a partner and hosted a documentary survey exhibition, called \u2018Introduction to Palestinian Museums.\u2019 Other partners included A. M. Qattan Foundation, Arab Cultural Association, Al Hoash- Palestinian Art Court, Al- Mashghal, The International Academy of Art- Palestine, Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center, RIWAQ \u2013 Center for Architectural Conservation, Ramallah Municipality, MinRASY Projects, Eltiqa Group, and Windows for Contemporary Art."], "answer": {"text": "Before 1948, most Palestinian artists were self-taught, painting landscapes and religious scenes in imitation of the European style. Art exhibitions were almost unheard of.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_71380cc3eba14768b50e10f306f300b9_1_q#1", "question": "What role does politics play in Palestinian art?", "rewrite": "What role does politics play in Palestinian art?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["As an independent scholar she has contributed to the documentation of Palestinian art of the twentieth century through such texts as her 2001 book, \"Liberation Art of Palestine: Palestinian Painting and Sculpture in the Second Half of the 20th Century\" (H.T.T.B. Publications), a chapter titled \"\u201cThe Pictorial Arts of Jerusalem During the First Half of the 20th Century,\u201d that appears in the 2012 book, \"Jerusalem Interrupted: Modernity and Colonial Transformation 1917-Present\" (ed. Lena Jayyusi, Olive Branch Press) and several curated exhibitions of Palestinian art in the US. She has also lectured widely on the subject in galleries and universities throughout the US and in venues in the Arab world. In the early 2000s, she was instrumental in the landmark exhibition \"Made in Palestine,\" which was organized by the Station Museum of Contemporary Art in Houston and curated by James Harithas, Tex Kerschen, and Gabriel Delgado. Halaby actively assisted the curators in researching Palestinian artists, both in the US and the Arab world, introducing them to such artists as the late Mustapha Hallaj in Syria and Abdul Hay al Mussalam in Jordan, for example. The first museum exhibition of Palestinian art to be held in the US, \"Made in Palestine\" (2003) went on to tour the US, The 2004 exhibition \"The Subject of Palestine,\" which Halaby curated for the DePaul Art Museum, was described by the Chicago Tribune as presenting \"the work of 16 contemporary Palestinian artists that even the least informed of viewers are likely to come away with the sense that they have seen and grasped something important. \" The review went on to congratulate DePaul Art Museum for its \"incisive presentation.", "Qalandiya International Qalandiya International is a contemporary art event and biennale that takes place every two years across Palestinian cities and villages. Founded in 2012, it brings together Palestinian and international art and culture organizations in collaboration to produce exhibitions, performances, talks, film screenings, workshops, and tours. QI coincides with and incorporates The Jerusalem Show, a cultural event organized by the Al-Ma\u2019mal Foundation and centered in the Old City, and the Young Artist of the Year Award (YAYA), organized by the A. M. Qattan Foundation and given every two years to a Palestinian artist under the age of 30. The inaugural Qalandiya International was conceived as a way to create an infrastructure that supported cultural practice across Palestine and the diaspora. It took place from 1\u201315 November 2012 under the title \"Art and Life in Palestine\", and was co- produced by the Al-Ma\u2019mal Foundation for Contemporary Art in Jerusalem (which had been producing The Jerusalem Show since 2007), Al Hoash- Palestinian Art Court, the International Academy of Art- Palestine, A. M. Qattan Foundation, Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center, and RIWAQ \u2013 Center for Architectural Conservation. The second edition of Qalandiya International ran from 22 October- 15 November 2014, under the title \"Archives Lived and Shared.\" The Palestinian Museum was added as a partner and hosted a documentary survey exhibition, called \u2018Introduction to Palestinian Museums.\u2019 Other partners included A. M. Qattan Foundation, Arab Cultural Association, Al Hoash- Palestinian Art Court, Al- Mashghal, The International Academy of Art- Palestine, Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center, RIWAQ \u2013 Center for Architectural Conservation, Ramallah Municipality, MinRASY Projects, Eltiqa Group, and Windows for Contemporary Art.", "Zawyeh art gallery Zawyeh Art Gallery is an Independent art foundation based in Ramallah, Palestine and founded by Ziad Anani in 2013 to support and promote local emerging and established artists from Palestine internationally. Zawyeh\u2019s mission is to promote emerging and established Palestinian artists \u2013 from Palestine and the Diaspora \u2013 through various thematic exhibitions at home and aboard. Zawyeh showcases excellent contemporary and modern Palestinian art internationally through the participation in art fairs, exhibitions and bespoke art projects. Additionally, Zawyeh actively supports young artists in growing their art and portfolios. Since its establishment, Zawyeh has organised many solo and collective exhibitions, across a variety of mediums including painting, sculpture, installation, video and photography. Zawyeh believes that resilience in the face of adversity in Palestine engenders creativity and artistic excellence. Zawyeh Gallery is pleased to introduce its latest initiative \u201cPoster\u201d, a project that offers a wide variety of affordable art prints (posters, canvas) to make Palestinian art accessible to everyone. \u201cPoster\u201d offers over 70 different artworks available in sizes A3, A2, A1 and A0 of the highest quality paper and canvas, \u201cPoster\u201d makes it easier to decorate every room in the house, business or organization. \u201cPoster\u201d covers a wide variety of art movements for all tastes: from contemporary art (Rana Samara, Ibrahim Nubani, Tayseer Barakat), to modern (Nabil Anani, Sliman Mansour), abstract, figurative or landscape painting. Each featured artist offers their unique perspectives on Palestine: on its culture, people, conflicts, politics, and geography. Through art, we hope to cultivate an appreciation for the richness and wonder of Palestine and the struggle and resistance of Palestinian people under the occupation.", "Lake Cormorant, Mississippi Lake Cormorant is an unincorporated community located in DeSoto County, Mississippi, United States. Lake Cormorant is adjacent to the town of Walls and north of North Tunica near U.S. Route 61. Although an unincorporated community, Lake Cormorant has a post office and a zip code of 38641. Klack's General Store in Lake Cormorant is where blues singer Son House was recorded for the Library of Congress in 1941. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the K\u00f6ppen Climate Classification system, Lake Cormorant has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated \"Cfa\" on climate maps.", "Gannit Ankori Gannit Ankori (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d0\u05e0\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9) is an Israeli art historian. She is Professor of Fine Arts and Chair in Israeli Art at the Department of Fine Arts at Brandeis University. She was previously chair of the Department of Art History at Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Ankori studies gender studies, Palestinian art, and the art of the Jewish diaspora. Ankori is regarded as a \"champion\" of Palestinian art and has devoted two decades of her career to the study of Palestinian art which she views as a continuous artistic tradition before and after the Nakba of 1948. Her sister is the actress Gilat Ankori. She has published extensively in the fields of Mexican, Palestinian, and Israeli art, as well as feminist cultural studies. Her articles have been printed in Hebrew, Arabic, French, German, and English."], "answer": {"text": "While most of the art in his day explored religious themes and non-controversial issues, Saig's work ventured into politics.", "answer_start": 534}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Palestinian art and politics, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Before 1948, most Palestinian artists were self-taught, painting landscapes and religious scenes in imitation of the European style. Art exhibitions were almost unheard of.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_71380cc3eba14768b50e10f306f300b9_1_q#2", "question": "What does Saig's work say about politics?", "rewrite": "What does Saig's Palestinian art say about politics?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Gannit Ankori Gannit Ankori (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d0\u05e0\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9) is an Israeli art historian. She is Professor of Fine Arts and Chair in Israeli Art at the Department of Fine Arts at Brandeis University. She was previously chair of the Department of Art History at Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Ankori studies gender studies, Palestinian art, and the art of the Jewish diaspora. Ankori is regarded as a \"champion\" of Palestinian art and has devoted two decades of her career to the study of Palestinian art which she views as a continuous artistic tradition before and after the Nakba of 1948. Her sister is the actress Gilat Ankori. She has published extensively in the fields of Mexican, Palestinian, and Israeli art, as well as feminist cultural studies. Her articles have been printed in Hebrew, Arabic, French, German, and English.", "Before 1948, most Palestinian artists were self-taught, painting landscapes and religious scenes in imitation of the European style. Art exhibitions were almost unheard of. Notable artists of this era include Khalil Halaby, Nahil Bishara and Faddoul Odeh. Jamal Badran (1909-1999) was a leading artist in the Islamic style. Sophie Halaby studied in France and Italy before returning to teach at the Schmidt Girls College in 1935-1955. One of the earliest artists to add a political dimension to his works was Nicola Saig (1863-1942). While most of the art in his day explored religious themes and non-controversial issues, Saig's work ventured into politics. Caliph Umar at Jerusalem Gates c. 1920, for example, seems to recount a popular religious legend about Umar bloodlessly taking over Jerusalem and ushering centuries of peace between the local Christian and Jewish populations. However, upon closer look, the Christ-like stature given to the Caliph jab at what many Palestinians saw as divisive policies of the British during the Mandate Period which attempted to create friction between Muslims and Christian Arabs. After 1948, Ismail Shammout, Naji al-ali, Mustafa al-Hallaj, Abdul Hay Mosallam and Paul Guiragossian tackled the painful memories of the Nabka showing massacres, refugees and clear political themes. Others such as Sophia Halaby, Ibrahim Ghannam, and Juliana Seraphim focused more subtly on questions of identity including Palestinian cultural traditions, physical geography, and a surrealistic look at memories of childhood reverie. According to Tal Ben Zvi, Palestinian artists after 1948 reside in four geographical territories and have no art colleges. Thus unlike sovereign nation-states where art is based on \"national borders, national museums and institutes of learning, he claims Palestinian art is based chiefly on artists operating within the frame of Palestinian identity.", "Lake Cormorant, Mississippi Lake Cormorant is an unincorporated community located in DeSoto County, Mississippi, United States. Lake Cormorant is adjacent to the town of Walls and north of North Tunica near U.S. Route 61. Although an unincorporated community, Lake Cormorant has a post office and a zip code of 38641. Klack's General Store in Lake Cormorant is where blues singer Son House was recorded for the Library of Congress in 1941. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the K\u00f6ppen Climate Classification system, Lake Cormorant has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated \"Cfa\" on climate maps.", "As an independent scholar she has contributed to the documentation of Palestinian art of the twentieth century through such texts as her 2001 book, \"Liberation Art of Palestine: Palestinian Painting and Sculpture in the Second Half of the 20th Century\" (H.T.T.B. Publications), a chapter titled \"\u201cThe Pictorial Arts of Jerusalem During the First Half of the 20th Century,\u201d that appears in the 2012 book, \"Jerusalem Interrupted: Modernity and Colonial Transformation 1917-Present\" (ed. Lena Jayyusi, Olive Branch Press) and several curated exhibitions of Palestinian art in the US. She has also lectured widely on the subject in galleries and universities throughout the US and in venues in the Arab world. In the early 2000s, she was instrumental in the landmark exhibition \"Made in Palestine,\" which was organized by the Station Museum of Contemporary Art in Houston and curated by James Harithas, Tex Kerschen, and Gabriel Delgado. Halaby actively assisted the curators in researching Palestinian artists, both in the US and the Arab world, introducing them to such artists as the late Mustapha Hallaj in Syria and Abdul Hay al Mussalam in Jordan, for example. The first museum exhibition of Palestinian art to be held in the US, \"Made in Palestine\" (2003) went on to tour the US, The 2004 exhibition \"The Subject of Palestine,\" which Halaby curated for the DePaul Art Museum, was described by the Chicago Tribune as presenting \"the work of 16 contemporary Palestinian artists that even the least informed of viewers are likely to come away with the sense that they have seen and grasped something important. \" The review went on to congratulate DePaul Art Museum for its \"incisive presentation.", "TMEM43 Transmembrane protein 43 (also called luma) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the \"TMEM43\" gene. TMEM43 may have an important role in maintaining nuclear envelope structure by organizing protein complexes at the inner nuclear membrane. Required for retaining emerin at the inner nuclear membrane. However, the localization of TMEM43 in myocardial tissue is controversial discussed. Franke et al. demonstrated that TMEM43 is localized at the intercalated disc but not at the nuclear envelope. In contrast Christensen et al. have shown that TMEM43 is mainly localized at the sarcolemma. Mutations in TMEM43 are associated with ARVD and EDMD7."], "answer": {"text": "Caliph Umar at Jerusalem Gates c. 1920, for example, seems to recount a popular religious legend about Umar bloodlessly taking over Jerusalem and ushering centuries of peace", "answer_start": 659}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Palestinian art and politics, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Before 1948, most Palestinian artists were self-taught, painting landscapes and religious scenes in imitation of the European style. Art exhibitions were almost unheard of.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What role does politics play in Palestinian art?", "answer": {"text": "While most of the art in his day explored religious themes and non-controversial issues, Saig's work ventured into politics.", "answer_start": 534, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_71380cc3eba14768b50e10f306f300b9_1_q#3", "question": "What other political themes are present in Palestinian artwork?", "rewrite": "Aside from Saig's work, what other political themes are present in Palestinian artwork?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Bravo The Bravo is a novel by James Fenimore Cooper first published in 1831 in three volumes. Inspired by a trip to Europe where he traveled through much of Italy, the novel is set in Venice. \" The Bravo\" is the first of Cooper's three novels to be set in Europe. This group of three novels, which one critic would call Cooper's \"European trilogy\", include \"The Heidenmauer\" and \"\". Like his other novels set in Europe, \"The Bravo\" was not very well received in the United States. The book largely focuses on political themes, especially the tension between the social elite and other classes. In 1829-1830, Cooper toured Italy with his wife and family. Starting in Florence, where he spent considerable time absorbing the Tuscan culture, Cooper departed on a sailing trip around Italy, visiting many historic cities including Genoa, Marseille and much of Southern Italy. In Sorrento, Cooper finished \"Water Witch\", after which, he again departed, sailing again through the Adriatic. Upon reaching Venice, Cooper was so struck by the architecture that he was inspired to write the novel that would become \"The Bravo\". In \"The Bravo\", Cooper uses lightness and darkness to paint the scenes. However, unlike some of his other books, \"The Bravo\" is predominated by dark settings and language. Following his political themes, the official political powers in the novel are often draped in dark settings. In this context, the few chapters which present Venice as brightly lit, depict daylight as a hypocritical false front. However, Moonlight, unlike sunlight and artificial lighting, illuminates scenes of hope to overcome the dark \"official Venice\". \"The Bravo\" deals with many political themes.", "Saig bei Lenzkirch Saig bei Lenzkirch is a small village and health resort with therapeutical climate in the community of Lenzkirch, district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in the German state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. It has a surface area of 11,03 km and a resident population of 1023, 777 in the urban area (as of 31 December 2014). Saig derives its name from \"Seigge\", a German word for \"watershed\" as it lays in the divide between the Rhine and the Danube.", "Sumud Sumud () meaning \"steadfastness\" or \"steadfast perseverance\" is an ideological theme and political strategy that first emerged among the Palestinian people through the experience of the dialectic of oppression and resistance in the wake of the 1967 Six-Day War. This noun is derived from a verb meaning \"arrange, adorn, lay up, save\". Those who are steadfast, that is those who exhibit sumud, are referred to as \"samidin\", the singular forms of which are \"samid\" (m.) and \"samida\" (f.). With the passing of the years since 1967, Palestinians have distinguished between two main forms of sumud. The first, static sumud, is more passive and is defined by Ibrahim Dhahak as the \"maintenance of Palestinians on their land. \" The second, resistance sumud (in Arabic, \"sumud muqawim\") is a more dynamic ideology whose aim is to seek ways of building alternative institutions so as to resist and undermine the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories. The ultimate symbol associated with the concept of sumud and the Palestinian sense of rootedness in the land is the olive tree, ubiquitous throughout Palestine. Another icon of sumud that has often been portrayed in Palestinian artwork is that of the mother, and more specifically, a peasant woman depicted as when pregnant. In the West Bank and Gaza Strip, sumud represented the Palestinian political strategy as adopted from 1967 onward. As a concept closely related to the land, agriculture and indigenousness, the ideal image of the Palestinian put forward at this time was that of the peasant (in Arabic, \"fellah\") who stayed put on his land, refusing to leave. Baruch Kimmerling writes that the adoption of a strategy of sumud was motivated by a desire to avoid a second ethnic cleansing.", "Hochfirst (Black Forest) The Hochfirst is a wooded mountain between Saig and Titisee-Neustadt in the Black Forest in Germany with a height of . The mountain is located on the municipal boundary between Lenzkirch and Titisee-Neustadt. On the Hochfirst are a restaurant and an observation tower. From the top there is a view of the nearby Titisee and the Feldberg. In clear weather the Swiss and Austrian Alps may be seen and, in exceptional conditions, even the French Alps as far as the Italian border including Mont Blanc. The Hochfirst Tower (\"Hochfirstturm\"), built in 1890 as a steel lattice tower, is 25 metres high and stands on a natural stone base. This pedestal was part of the original wooden tower built in 1888 that was the victim of a hurricane in 1890. Today the tower bears antennas for microwave and mobile phone communications. Unusually the Hochfirst Tower is tensioned by guy wires. Since 1989 it has been a listed building. From May 2014 to March 2015 the tower was closed due to stability problems. The Hochfirst may be climbed on the Freiburg-Lake Constance Black Forest Trail (\"Schwarzwald-Querweg Freiburg\u2013Bodensee\") from Titisee or the Central Way (\"Mittelweg\") from Neustadt. The shortest route runs from Saig to the summit. There is also a road to the Hochfirst Tower from Neustadt. The Hochfirst has its own ski jump, the \"Hochfirstschanze\", which hosts World Cup ski jumping.", "Before 1948, most Palestinian artists were self-taught, painting landscapes and religious scenes in imitation of the European style. Art exhibitions were almost unheard of. Notable artists of this era include Khalil Halaby, Nahil Bishara and Faddoul Odeh. Jamal Badran (1909-1999) was a leading artist in the Islamic style. Sophie Halaby studied in France and Italy before returning to teach at the Schmidt Girls College in 1935-1955. One of the earliest artists to add a political dimension to his works was Nicola Saig (1863-1942). While most of the art in his day explored religious themes and non-controversial issues, Saig's work ventured into politics. Caliph Umar at Jerusalem Gates c. 1920, for example, seems to recount a popular religious legend about Umar bloodlessly taking over Jerusalem and ushering centuries of peace between the local Christian and Jewish populations. However, upon closer look, the Christ-like stature given to the Caliph jab at what many Palestinians saw as divisive policies of the British during the Mandate Period which attempted to create friction between Muslims and Christian Arabs. After 1948, Ismail Shammout, Naji al-ali, Mustafa al-Hallaj, Abdul Hay Mosallam and Paul Guiragossian tackled the painful memories of the Nabka showing massacres, refugees and clear political themes. Others such as Sophia Halaby, Ibrahim Ghannam, and Juliana Seraphim focused more subtly on questions of identity including Palestinian cultural traditions, physical geography, and a surrealistic look at memories of childhood reverie. According to Tal Ben Zvi, Palestinian artists after 1948 reside in four geographical territories and have no art colleges. Thus unlike sovereign nation-states where art is based on \"national borders, national museums and institutes of learning, he claims Palestinian art is based chiefly on artists operating within the frame of Palestinian identity."], "answer": {"text": "many Palestinians saw as divisive policies of the British during the Mandate Period which attempted to create friction between Muslims and Christian Arabs.", "answer_start": 968}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Besides Palestinian art and politics, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Before 1948, most Palestinian artists were self-taught, painting landscapes and religious scenes in imitation of the European style. Art exhibitions were almost unheard of.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What role does politics play in Palestinian art?", "answer": {"text": "While most of the art in his day explored religious themes and non-controversial issues, Saig's work ventured into politics.", "answer_start": 534, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does Saig's work say about politics?", "answer": {"text": "Caliph Umar at Jerusalem Gates c. 1920, for example, seems to recount a popular religious legend about Umar bloodlessly taking over Jerusalem and ushering centuries of peace", "answer_start": 659, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_71380cc3eba14768b50e10f306f300b9_1_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "In addition to Saig's art, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Saig bei Lenzkirch Saig bei Lenzkirch is a small village and health resort with therapeutical climate in the community of Lenzkirch, district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in the German state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. It has a surface area of 11,03 km and a resident population of 1023, 777 in the urban area (as of 31 December 2014). Saig derives its name from \"Seigge\", a German word for \"watershed\" as it lays in the divide between the Rhine and the Danube.", "Along the southeastern slopes of the mountain there is also a cross country skiing \"loipe\", the \"Hochfirstspur\" (9.9 km long, height 910\u2013, start and finish near the church in Saig, classic style). A toboggan run runs down the western mountainside of the Hochfirst from Saig to the shores of Lake Titisee.", "Before 1948, most Palestinian artists were self-taught, painting landscapes and religious scenes in imitation of the European style. Art exhibitions were almost unheard of. Notable artists of this era include Khalil Halaby, Nahil Bishara and Faddoul Odeh. Jamal Badran (1909-1999) was a leading artist in the Islamic style. Sophie Halaby studied in France and Italy before returning to teach at the Schmidt Girls College in 1935-1955. One of the earliest artists to add a political dimension to his works was Nicola Saig (1863-1942). While most of the art in his day explored religious themes and non-controversial issues, Saig's work ventured into politics. Caliph Umar at Jerusalem Gates c. 1920, for example, seems to recount a popular religious legend about Umar bloodlessly taking over Jerusalem and ushering centuries of peace between the local Christian and Jewish populations. However, upon closer look, the Christ-like stature given to the Caliph jab at what many Palestinians saw as divisive policies of the British during the Mandate Period which attempted to create friction between Muslims and Christian Arabs. After 1948, Ismail Shammout, Naji al-ali, Mustafa al-Hallaj, Abdul Hay Mosallam and Paul Guiragossian tackled the painful memories of the Nabka showing massacres, refugees and clear political themes. Others such as Sophia Halaby, Ibrahim Ghannam, and Juliana Seraphim focused more subtly on questions of identity including Palestinian cultural traditions, physical geography, and a surrealistic look at memories of childhood reverie. According to Tal Ben Zvi, Palestinian artists after 1948 reside in four geographical territories and have no art colleges. Thus unlike sovereign nation-states where art is based on \"national borders, national museums and institutes of learning, he claims Palestinian art is based chiefly on artists operating within the frame of Palestinian identity.", "Hochfirst (Black Forest) The Hochfirst is a wooded mountain between Saig and Titisee-Neustadt in the Black Forest in Germany with a height of . The mountain is located on the municipal boundary between Lenzkirch and Titisee-Neustadt. On the Hochfirst are a restaurant and an observation tower. From the top there is a view of the nearby Titisee and the Feldberg. In clear weather the Swiss and Austrian Alps may be seen and, in exceptional conditions, even the French Alps as far as the Italian border including Mont Blanc. The Hochfirst Tower (\"Hochfirstturm\"), built in 1890 as a steel lattice tower, is 25 metres high and stands on a natural stone base. This pedestal was part of the original wooden tower built in 1888 that was the victim of a hurricane in 1890. Today the tower bears antennas for microwave and mobile phone communications. Unusually the Hochfirst Tower is tensioned by guy wires. Since 1989 it has been a listed building. From May 2014 to March 2015 the tower was closed due to stability problems. The Hochfirst may be climbed on the Freiburg-Lake Constance Black Forest Trail (\"Schwarzwald-Querweg Freiburg\u2013Bodensee\") from Titisee or the Central Way (\"Mittelweg\") from Neustadt. The shortest route runs from Saig to the summit. There is also a road to the Hochfirst Tower from Neustadt. The Hochfirst has its own ski jump, the \"Hochfirstschanze\", which hosts World Cup ski jumping.", "Lenzkirch Lenzkirch is a municipality in the Black Forest. It lies in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in Germany. Lenzkirch is on the Black Forest plateau, in the valley of the river Haslach, which near the south east border of the municipality merges with the Gutach to become the Wutach. The Urseetal, a glacial valley, falls from the southwest corner of the municipality. The highest point of the municipality is the 1192m Hochfirst peak, marked by the Hochfirst Tower, on the boundary with the neighbouring municipality of Titisee-Neustadt. Clockwise from the north, Lenzkirch borders on Titisee-Neustadt, Friedenweiler, L\u00f6ffingen, Bonndorf, Schluchsee and Feldberg. All are in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district, except Bonndorf which is in Waldshut. The municipality is made up of the town of Lenzkirch (3341 inhabitants, including about 50 in the adjacent village of Gr\u00fcnwald) and the villages of Saig (812 inhabitants), Kappel, (785), and Raitenbuch (152). Saig is a health resort on the southern flank of the Hochfirst, and at about 1000m elevation is the highest community in the municipality. It has about 1200 beds available for tourists. Kappel, at around 900m, is also a health resort, with about 600 beds. The \"Wutachschlucht\" begins in the outskirts of Kappel, and the Freiburg-Lake Constance Black Forest Trail runs through the village."], "answer": {"text": "After 1948, Ismail Shammout, Naji al-ali, Mustafa al-Hallaj, Abdul Hay Mosallam and Paul Guiragossian tackled the painful memories of the Nabka showing massacres,", "answer_start": 1124}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Palestinian art and politics, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Before 1948, most Palestinian artists were self-taught, painting landscapes and religious scenes in imitation of the European style. Art exhibitions were almost unheard of.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What role does politics play in Palestinian art?", "answer": {"text": "While most of the art in his day explored religious themes and non-controversial issues, Saig's work ventured into politics.", "answer_start": 534, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does Saig's work say about politics?", "answer": {"text": "Caliph Umar at Jerusalem Gates c. 1920, for example, seems to recount a popular religious legend about Umar bloodlessly taking over Jerusalem and ushering centuries of peace", "answer_start": 659, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other political themes are present in Palestinian artwork?", "answer": {"text": "many Palestinians saw as divisive policies of the British during the Mandate Period which attempted to create friction between Muslims and Christian Arabs.", "answer_start": 968, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a3ad766d3b594e9c9fe313a83dc9b14b_0_q#0", "question": "How did the 1963 season start for Sandy Koufax?", "rewrite": "How did the 1963 season start for Sandy Koufax?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1966 Los Angeles Dodgers season The 1966 Los Angeles Dodgers won the National League championship with a 95\u201367 record (1\u00bd games over the San Francisco Giants), but were swept by the Baltimore Orioles in the World Series. Sandy Koufax became the first pitcher to win three Cy Young Awards in a career. The defending World Series champion Dodgers relied upon the same model that brought them the championship in 1965; great pitching, tight defense, and speed. However, ace pitchers Sandy Koufax and Don Drysdale held out nearly all of spring training in a celebrated contract dispute, finally signing just before the start of the regular season. The hold out did not seem to affect Koufax, who went 27\u20139 with a 1.73 E.R.A. However, Drysdale had a sub par season going 13\u201316 with a 3.42 E.R.A. More than making up for that, Claude Osteen had his best season to date, winning 17 games with a 2.85 E.R.A., and rookie Don Sutton replaced aging Johnny Podres in the rotation, chipping in with 12 wins and a 2.99 E.R.A. Finally, reliever Phil Regan had a remarkable year, going 14\u20131 with 21 saves. The National League race was a 4 team affair between the Dodgers, Giants, Pirates, and Phillies, with all but the Phillies taking their turn in 1st place during the summer. The Dodgers vaulted to the top with an 8-game win streak in mid-September. However, the pennant was still not decided until the final day of the season. The Giants, who had eliminated the Pirates by beating them on the next to last day, needed to beat the Pirates again in the season's final game, and then hope the Dodgers would lose both games of a double header in Philadelphia to the Phillies.", "After blowing a four-game lead with seven to play in 1962, the Dodgers again built a lead in 1963. On August 21, the Dodgers beat the Cardinals 2\u20131 in 16 innings to take a game lead. When they went to St. Louis for a three-game series on September 16, their lead was one game over the Cardinals, who had won 19 of 20 games. Sports fans around the country were saying how the Dodgers were going to blow it again. But the Dodgers swept the three games from the Cardinals to move four games ahead with nine to play; a 4\u20131 win over the Mets clinched the pennant in the season's 158th game. Sandy Koufax started it off with a then record fifteen-strikeout performance in Game 1. It bested fellow Dodgers pitcher Carl Erskine's mark in 1953 by one, and would be surpassed by Bob Gibson in 1968. Koufax also tied a World Series record when he fanned the first five Yankee batters he faced in that game. Since \"K\" is the time-honored scoring symbol for \"strikeout\" (Vin Scully once remarked that \"Koufax's name will always remind you of strikeouts\"), some newspapers' headlines for the game coverage consisted simply of Koufax's surname prefixed by fifteen K's. Clete Boyer was the only Yankee regular not to be struck out against Koufax. Mickey Mantle, Tom Tresh and Tony Kubek were struck out twice each, and Bobby Richardson was struck out three times\u2014his only three-strikeout game in 1448 regular season/World Series games. (Just that regular season, Richardson had been struck out only 22 times in 630 at-bats, without even being struck out \"twice\" in one game.) Koufax also struck out three pinch-hitters, including Harry Bright to end the game.", "It was also accomplished by Taiwanese player Wang Po-Jung when he led the Chinese Professional Baseball League or CPBL with a batting average of .407, 31 home runs, 101 RBIs, and 178 hits. A pitcher who leads the league in wins, strikeouts, and earned run average (ERA) is said to have won the \"Pitching Triple Crown\". The term was previously defined as leading the league in wins, ERA, and winning percentage. It was used in that older sense to describe the (ultimately unsuccessful) pursuit of that goal by Johnny Antonelli of the New York Giants in 1954 and also by Sandy Koufax in 1963. Koufax was first described as having won the Pitching Triple Crown in the current sense after his 1965 season though the older sense continued to be used. In contrast to the respective batting statistics, the Pitching Triple Crown statistics are more or less complementary (for example, a pitcher who is especially proficient at striking out batters is likely to give up fewer earned runs, and consequently more likely to win games); therefore, the accomplishment is not as rare as the batting crown. In the major leagues, the Pitching Triple Crown has been accomplished 38 times. The most by one player is three, accomplished by three players. Grover Cleveland Alexander captured his first two in consecutive seasons with the Philadelphia Phillies (1915\u20131916), and won a third in 1920 with the Chicago Cubs. Alexander is the only pitcher to win a Pitching Triple Crown with more than one major league team. Walter Johnson won his three Triple Crowns with the original Washington Senators, leading the league in all three categories in 1913, 1918, and 1924. Sandy Koufax was the most recent to capture three Triple Crowns, winning his three within four seasons for the Los Angeles Dodgers (1963, 1965\u20131966); all of Koufax's crowns led both major leagues, the most for any player.", "Sandy Koufax's perfect game Sandy Koufax of the Los Angeles Dodgers pitched a perfect game in the National League against the Chicago Cubs at Dodger Stadium on September 9, 1965. Koufax, by retiring 27 consecutive batters without allowing any to reach base, became the sixth pitcher of the modern era, eighth overall, to throw a perfect game. The game was Koufax's fourth no-hitter, breaking Bob Feller's Major League record of three (and later broken by Nolan Ryan, in 1981). Koufax struck out 14 opposing batters, the most ever recorded in a perfect game, and matched only by San Francisco Giants pitcher, Matt Cain, on June 13, 2012. He also struck out at least one batter in all nine innings (Cain did not strike out a batter in the ninth in his perfect game), the only perfect game pitcher to do so to date. The game was also notable for the high quality of the performance by the opposing pitcher, Bob Hendley of the Cubs. Hendley gave up only one hit (which did not figure into the scoring) and allowed only two baserunners. Both pitchers had no-hitters intact until the seventh inning. The only run that the Dodgers scored was unearned. The game holds the record for fewest base runners in a perfect game (both teams), with two; the next lowest total is four. Koufax's perfect game is a memorable part of baseball lore. Jane Leavy's biography of Koufax is structured around a re-telling of the game. An article in Salon.com honoring Dodgers broadcaster Vin Scully focuses on his play-by-play call of the game for KFI radio. This game was selected in a 1995 poll of members of the Society for American Baseball Research as the greatest game ever pitched.", "Gilliam almost scored again in the eighth off Hal Reniff, but was caught in an attempt to steal third. The final out came on Joe Pepitone's drive that backed Dodger right fielder Ron Fairly up against the bullpen gate to make the catch of a ball that would have been a home run in Yankee Stadium. Tony Kubek had two of the Yankees' three hits, but none of the hits were extra-base hits. Aces were on the mound again in a game 1 rematch between Whitey Ford and Sandy Koufax. This time, it was a pitcher's duel. The Dodgers scored first in the bottom of the fifth on a monumental Frank Howard home run into the upper deck at Dodger Stadium. The Yankees tied it on a Mickey Mantle home run in the top of the seventh. But in the bottom of the inning, Gilliam hit a high hopper to Yankee third baseman Clete Boyer; Boyer leaped to make the grab, and fired an accurate throw to first base. But first baseman Joe Pepitone lost Boyer's peg in the white-shirted crowd background; the ball struck Pepitone in the arm and rolled down the right field line, allowing Gilliam to scamper all the way to third base. He then scored a moment later on Willie Davis' sacrifice fly. Sandy Koufax went on to hold the Yankees for the final two innings for a 2\u20131 victory and the Dodgers' third world championship. The World Series Most Valuable Player Award went to Sandy Koufax, who started two of the four games and had two complete game victories. To date, Game 4 is the only time the Dodgers have won the deciding game of a World Series at home. 1963 World Series (4\u20130): Los Angeles Dodgers (N.L.) over New York Yankees (A.L.) World Series Teams With Fewer Than Ten"], "answer": {"text": "reduced his walk rate further to 1.7 in 1963, which ranked fifth in the league.", "answer_start": 331}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a3ad766d3b594e9c9fe313a83dc9b14b_0_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Aside from a no-hitter and 11 shutouts, what else was interesting about Sandy Koufax's 1963 season?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Dean Chance Wilmer Dean Chance (June 1, 1941 \u2013 October 11, 2015) was an American professional baseball player. A right-handed pitcher, he played in 11 Major League Baseball seasons for the Los Angeles Angels, Minnesota Twins, Cleveland Indians, New York Mets and Detroit Tigers. With a touch of wildness and the habit of never looking at home plate once he received the sign from his catcher, Chance would turn his back fully towards the hitter in mid-windup before spinning and unleashing a good fastball, sinker or sidearm curveball. In 1964, Chance became at the time the youngest pitcher to win the Cy Young Award when, as a member of the Los Angeles Angels, he led the American League in wins (20), innings pitched (278) and earned run average (1.65\u2014as of 2015, a franchise record) and was third in the A.L. in strikeouts. He pitched 11 shutouts (also a franchise record as of 2015) that season, winning five of those by a 1\u20130 score. At the time, only one Cy Young Award was given in all of MLB; since 1967, separate awards have been given in the AL and the National League. Chance's Cy Young Award was the third in a string of five consecutive Cy Young Awards won by a pitcher from a Los Angeles-based team. The others were won by Dodger pitchers: Don Drysdale in 1962 and Sandy Koufax in 1963, 1965, and 1966. Chance attended West Salem's Northwestern High School (Ohio) and starred on the baseball team and basketball teams (leading the team to a 1958 state title), but baseball is where Chance would shine.", "The Dodgers went three up and three down in the bottom half of the inning. Koufax again struck out the side in the ninth inning to secure the perfect game. Not until the San Francisco Giants' Chris Heston no-hit the New York Mets on June 9, 2015 would another pitcher complete a no-hitter by striking out the final three batters he faced, and the next no-hitter whose pitcher struck out \"all\" three batters he faced in the ninth inning wouldn't come until August 30 of the same season, when the Cubs' Jake Arrieta no-hit the Dodgers\u2014a game also played at Dodger Stadium. Koufax also struck out at least one batter in all nine innings, the only perfect game pitcher to do so to date. Not until Nolan Ryan in would a no-hit pitcher strike out at least one batter in all nine innings, doing so in the first of his seven career no-hitters; Koufax's catcher, Jeff Torborg, would catch that no-hitter as well. As Vin Scully, the Dodgers' long time play-by-play announcer, commented at the end: \"And Sandy Koufax, whose name will always remind you of strikeouts, did it with a flourish. He struck out the last six consecutive batters. So when he wrote his name in capital letters in the record books, that \"K\" stands out even more than the O-U-F-A-X.\" The final out was made by Harvey Kuenn, the same man who made the final out of Koufax's 1963 no-hitter\u2014which had been, appropriately, a ground ball back to Koufax. In the end, Johnson's hit was the only one by either team; the combined total of 1 hit for the entire game is a major league record.", "Sandy Koufax's perfect game Sandy Koufax of the Los Angeles Dodgers pitched a perfect game in the National League against the Chicago Cubs at Dodger Stadium on September 9, 1965. Koufax, by retiring 27 consecutive batters without allowing any to reach base, became the sixth pitcher of the modern era, eighth overall, to throw a perfect game. The game was Koufax's fourth no-hitter, breaking Bob Feller's Major League record of three (and later broken by Nolan Ryan, in 1981). Koufax struck out 14 opposing batters, the most ever recorded in a perfect game, and matched only by San Francisco Giants pitcher, Matt Cain, on June 13, 2012. He also struck out at least one batter in all nine innings (Cain did not strike out a batter in the ninth in his perfect game), the only perfect game pitcher to do so to date. The game was also notable for the high quality of the performance by the opposing pitcher, Bob Hendley of the Cubs. Hendley gave up only one hit (which did not figure into the scoring) and allowed only two baserunners. Both pitchers had no-hitters intact until the seventh inning. The only run that the Dodgers scored was unearned. The game holds the record for fewest base runners in a perfect game (both teams), with two; the next lowest total is four. Koufax's perfect game is a memorable part of baseball lore. Jane Leavy's biography of Koufax is structured around a re-telling of the game. An article in Salon.com honoring Dodgers broadcaster Vin Scully focuses on his play-by-play call of the game for KFI radio. This game was selected in a 1995 poll of members of the Society for American Baseball Research as the greatest game ever pitched.", "In 1963, Major League Baseball expanded the strike zone. Compared to the previous season, National League walks fell 13 percent, strikeouts increased six percent, the league batting average fell from .261 to .245, and runs fell 15 percent. Koufax, who had reduced his walks allowed per nine innings to 3.4 in 1961 and 2.8 in 1962, reduced his walk rate further to 1.7 in 1963, which ranked fifth in the league. The top pitchers of the era - Don Drysdale, Juan Marichal, Jim Bunning, Bob Gibson, Warren Spahn, and above all Koufax - significantly reduced the walks-given-up-to-batters-faced ratio for 1963, and subsequent years. On May 11, Koufax no-hit the San Francisco Giants 8-0, besting future Hall of Fame pitcher Juan Marichal--himself a no-hit pitcher a month later, on June 15. Koufax carried a perfect game into the eighth inning against the powerful Giants lineup, including future Hall of Famers Willie Mays, Willie McCovey, and Orlando Cepeda. He walked Ed Bailey on a 3-and-2 pitch in the 8th, and pinch-hitter McCovey on four pitches in the 9th, before closing out the game. As the Dodgers won the pennant, Koufax won the pitchers' Triple Crown, leading the league in wins (25), strikeouts (306) and ERA (1.88). Koufax threw 11 shutouts, setting a new post-1900 record for shutouts by a left-handed pitcher that stands to this day (the previous record of 10 shutouts had been held by Carl Hubbell for 30 years).", "This World Series was the first in which all games were played in cities that did not have National League or American League teams in 1903, the year of the first modern World Series. Also, it is the earliest World Series whose telecasts are known to survive in their entirety; the CBC has complete kinescopes of all seven games in its archives. The Twins won the first two games of the series against Don Drysdale and Sandy Koufax, but once Claude Osteen shut out the Twins in Game 3, things turned around. Willie Davis of The Dodgers tied a World Series record stealing 3 bases in one Game, game 5, the record was set by Honus Wagner in 1909. The Dodgers proceeded to win the three middle games at Dodger Stadium and Koufax would pitch two shutouts including a three-hitter with ten strikeouts to clinch. Ron Fairly hit two home runs for the Dodgers, both in losing efforts. Game 1 was set to be a pitching duel between Dodgers' Don Drysdale and the Twins' Mudcat Grant (21\u20137, 3.30 ERA on the year). Drysdale was starting because the game fell on Yom Kippur, the holiest day of the year for people of the Jewish faith. Dodger ace Sandy Koufax, who was Jewish, stated he would not pitch that day. In the Twins' third inning any thought of a pitchers' duel was put to rest. Going into that inning, it was 1\u20131. Coming out, it was 7\u20131. It started with a Frank Quilici double to left field, followed by an error by Jim Lefebvre, allowing the pitcher Grant to reach. Then, shortstop Zoilo Versalles stepped to the plate. He had hit nineteen home runs in the regular season and would later win the AL MVP Award for that year."], "answer": {"text": "Gibson would break Koufax's record by striking out 17 Detroit Tigers in the 1968 World Series opener", "answer_start": 419}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the 1963 season start for Sandy Koufax?", "answer": {"text": "reduced his walk rate further to 1.7 in 1963, which ranked fifth in the league.", "answer_start": 331, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Koufax suffer any injuries?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a3ad766d3b594e9c9fe313a83dc9b14b_0_q#3", "question": "What records did Koufax set in 1963?", "rewrite": "What records did Koufax set in 1963?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1963, Major League Baseball expanded the strike zone. Compared to the previous season, National League walks fell 13 percent, strikeouts increased six percent, the league batting average fell from .261 to .245, and runs fell 15 percent. Koufax, who had reduced his walks allowed per nine innings to 3.4 in 1961 and 2.8 in 1962, reduced his walk rate further to 1.7 in 1963, which ranked fifth in the league. The top pitchers of the era - Don Drysdale, Juan Marichal, Jim Bunning, Bob Gibson, Warren Spahn, and above all Koufax - significantly reduced the walks-given-up-to-batters-faced ratio for 1963, and subsequent years. On May 11, Koufax no-hit the San Francisco Giants 8-0, besting future Hall of Fame pitcher Juan Marichal--himself a no-hit pitcher a month later, on June 15. Koufax carried a perfect game into the eighth inning against the powerful Giants lineup, including future Hall of Famers Willie Mays, Willie McCovey, and Orlando Cepeda. He walked Ed Bailey on a 3-and-2 pitch in the 8th, and pinch-hitter McCovey on four pitches in the 9th, before closing out the game. As the Dodgers won the pennant, Koufax won the pitchers' Triple Crown, leading the league in wins (25), strikeouts (306) and ERA (1.88). Koufax threw 11 shutouts, setting a new post-1900 record for shutouts by a left-handed pitcher that stands to this day (the previous record of 10 shutouts had been held by Carl Hubbell for 30 years).", "After blowing a four-game lead with seven to play in 1962, the Dodgers again built a lead in 1963. On August 21, the Dodgers beat the Cardinals 2\u20131 in 16 innings to take a game lead. When they went to St. Louis for a three-game series on September 16, their lead was one game over the Cardinals, who had won 19 of 20 games. Sports fans around the country were saying how the Dodgers were going to blow it again. But the Dodgers swept the three games from the Cardinals to move four games ahead with nine to play; a 4\u20131 win over the Mets clinched the pennant in the season's 158th game. Sandy Koufax started it off with a then record fifteen-strikeout performance in Game 1. It bested fellow Dodgers pitcher Carl Erskine's mark in 1953 by one, and would be surpassed by Bob Gibson in 1968. Koufax also tied a World Series record when he fanned the first five Yankee batters he faced in that game. Since \"K\" is the time-honored scoring symbol for \"strikeout\" (Vin Scully once remarked that \"Koufax's name will always remind you of strikeouts\"), some newspapers' headlines for the game coverage consisted simply of Koufax's surname prefixed by fifteen K's. Clete Boyer was the only Yankee regular not to be struck out against Koufax. Mickey Mantle, Tom Tresh and Tony Kubek were struck out twice each, and Bobby Richardson was struck out three times\u2014his only three-strikeout game in 1448 regular season/World Series games. (Just that regular season, Richardson had been struck out only 22 times in 630 at-bats, without even being struck out \"twice\" in one game.) Koufax also struck out three pinch-hitters, including Harry Bright to end the game.", "Sandy Koufax's perfect game Sandy Koufax of the Los Angeles Dodgers pitched a perfect game in the National League against the Chicago Cubs at Dodger Stadium on September 9, 1965. Koufax, by retiring 27 consecutive batters without allowing any to reach base, became the sixth pitcher of the modern era, eighth overall, to throw a perfect game. The game was Koufax's fourth no-hitter, breaking Bob Feller's Major League record of three (and later broken by Nolan Ryan, in 1981). Koufax struck out 14 opposing batters, the most ever recorded in a perfect game, and matched only by San Francisco Giants pitcher, Matt Cain, on June 13, 2012. He also struck out at least one batter in all nine innings (Cain did not strike out a batter in the ninth in his perfect game), the only perfect game pitcher to do so to date. The game was also notable for the high quality of the performance by the opposing pitcher, Bob Hendley of the Cubs. Hendley gave up only one hit (which did not figure into the scoring) and allowed only two baserunners. Both pitchers had no-hitters intact until the seventh inning. The only run that the Dodgers scored was unearned. The game holds the record for fewest base runners in a perfect game (both teams), with two; the next lowest total is four. Koufax's perfect game is a memorable part of baseball lore. Jane Leavy's biography of Koufax is structured around a re-telling of the game. An article in Salon.com honoring Dodgers broadcaster Vin Scully focuses on his play-by-play call of the game for KFI radio. This game was selected in a 1995 poll of members of the Society for American Baseball Research as the greatest game ever pitched.", "In 1962, the Dodgers moved from the Los Angeles Coliseum, which had a 250-foot left field line, to pitcher-friendly Dodger Stadium. The new park had a large foul territory and a comparatively poor hitting background. Koufax was an immediate beneficiary of the change, lowering his home ERA from 4.29 to 1.75. On June 30 against the expansion New York Mets, Koufax threw his first no-hitter. In the first inning of that game, Koufax struck out three batters on nine pitches to become the sixth National League pitcher and the 11th pitcher in Major League history to accomplish a nine-pitch/three-strikeout half-inning. With the no-hitter, a 4-2 record, 73 strikeouts, and a 1.23 ERA for June, he was named Major League Baseball Player of the Month Award. It would be the only time in his career he earned this distinction. Koufax had his strong season despite an injured pitching hand. While batting in April, Koufax had been jammed by a pitch from Earl Francis. A numbness developed in Koufax's index finger on his left hand, and the finger became cold and white. Koufax was pitching better than ever, however, so he ignored the problem, hoping that the condition would clear up. By July, though, his entire hand was becoming numb and he was unable to complete some games. In a start in Cincinnati, his finger split open after one inning. A vascular specialist determined that Koufax had a crushed artery in his palm. Ten days of experimental medicine successfully reopened the artery. Koufax finally was able to pitch again in September, when the team was locked in a tight pennant race with the Giants.", "The Dodgers went three up and three down in the bottom half of the inning. Koufax again struck out the side in the ninth inning to secure the perfect game. Not until the San Francisco Giants' Chris Heston no-hit the New York Mets on June 9, 2015 would another pitcher complete a no-hitter by striking out the final three batters he faced, and the next no-hitter whose pitcher struck out \"all\" three batters he faced in the ninth inning wouldn't come until August 30 of the same season, when the Cubs' Jake Arrieta no-hit the Dodgers\u2014a game also played at Dodger Stadium. Koufax also struck out at least one batter in all nine innings, the only perfect game pitcher to do so to date. Not until Nolan Ryan in would a no-hit pitcher strike out at least one batter in all nine innings, doing so in the first of his seven career no-hitters; Koufax's catcher, Jeff Torborg, would catch that no-hitter as well. As Vin Scully, the Dodgers' long time play-by-play announcer, commented at the end: \"And Sandy Koufax, whose name will always remind you of strikeouts, did it with a flourish. He struck out the last six consecutive batters. So when he wrote his name in capital letters in the record books, that \"K\" stands out even more than the O-U-F-A-X.\" The final out was made by Harvey Kuenn, the same man who made the final out of Koufax's 1963 no-hitter\u2014which had been, appropriately, a ground ball back to Koufax. In the end, Johnson's hit was the only one by either team; the combined total of 1 hit for the entire game is a major league record."], "answer": {"text": "Koufax threw 11 shutouts, setting a new post-1900 record for shutouts by a left-handed pitcher", "answer_start": 1226}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the 1963 season start for Sandy Koufax?", "answer": {"text": "reduced his walk rate further to 1.7 in 1963, which ranked fifth in the league.", "answer_start": 331, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Koufax suffer any injuries?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Gibson would break Koufax's record by striking out 17 Detroit Tigers in the 1968 World Series opener", "answer_start": 419, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a3ad766d3b594e9c9fe313a83dc9b14b_0_q#4", "question": "How did the team do in 1963?", "rewrite": "How did Sandy Koufax's team do in 1963?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Gilliam almost scored again in the eighth off Hal Reniff, but was caught in an attempt to steal third. The final out came on Joe Pepitone's drive that backed Dodger right fielder Ron Fairly up against the bullpen gate to make the catch of a ball that would have been a home run in Yankee Stadium. Tony Kubek had two of the Yankees' three hits, but none of the hits were extra-base hits. Aces were on the mound again in a game 1 rematch between Whitey Ford and Sandy Koufax. This time, it was a pitcher's duel. The Dodgers scored first in the bottom of the fifth on a monumental Frank Howard home run into the upper deck at Dodger Stadium. The Yankees tied it on a Mickey Mantle home run in the top of the seventh. But in the bottom of the inning, Gilliam hit a high hopper to Yankee third baseman Clete Boyer; Boyer leaped to make the grab, and fired an accurate throw to first base. But first baseman Joe Pepitone lost Boyer's peg in the white-shirted crowd background; the ball struck Pepitone in the arm and rolled down the right field line, allowing Gilliam to scamper all the way to third base. He then scored a moment later on Willie Davis' sacrifice fly. Sandy Koufax went on to hold the Yankees for the final two innings for a 2\u20131 victory and the Dodgers' third world championship. The World Series Most Valuable Player Award went to Sandy Koufax, who started two of the four games and had two complete game victories. To date, Game 4 is the only time the Dodgers have won the deciding game of a World Series at home. 1963 World Series (4\u20130): Los Angeles Dodgers (N.L.) over New York Yankees (A.L.) World Series Teams With Fewer Than Ten", "The Dodgers went three up and three down in the bottom half of the inning. Koufax again struck out the side in the ninth inning to secure the perfect game. Not until the San Francisco Giants' Chris Heston no-hit the New York Mets on June 9, 2015 would another pitcher complete a no-hitter by striking out the final three batters he faced, and the next no-hitter whose pitcher struck out \"all\" three batters he faced in the ninth inning wouldn't come until August 30 of the same season, when the Cubs' Jake Arrieta no-hit the Dodgers\u2014a game also played at Dodger Stadium. Koufax also struck out at least one batter in all nine innings, the only perfect game pitcher to do so to date. Not until Nolan Ryan in would a no-hit pitcher strike out at least one batter in all nine innings, doing so in the first of his seven career no-hitters; Koufax's catcher, Jeff Torborg, would catch that no-hitter as well. As Vin Scully, the Dodgers' long time play-by-play announcer, commented at the end: \"And Sandy Koufax, whose name will always remind you of strikeouts, did it with a flourish. He struck out the last six consecutive batters. So when he wrote his name in capital letters in the record books, that \"K\" stands out even more than the O-U-F-A-X.\" The final out was made by Harvey Kuenn, the same man who made the final out of Koufax's 1963 no-hitter\u2014which had been, appropriately, a ground ball back to Koufax. In the end, Johnson's hit was the only one by either team; the combined total of 1 hit for the entire game is a major league record.", "Sandy Koufax's perfect game Sandy Koufax of the Los Angeles Dodgers pitched a perfect game in the National League against the Chicago Cubs at Dodger Stadium on September 9, 1965. Koufax, by retiring 27 consecutive batters without allowing any to reach base, became the sixth pitcher of the modern era, eighth overall, to throw a perfect game. The game was Koufax's fourth no-hitter, breaking Bob Feller's Major League record of three (and later broken by Nolan Ryan, in 1981). Koufax struck out 14 opposing batters, the most ever recorded in a perfect game, and matched only by San Francisco Giants pitcher, Matt Cain, on June 13, 2012. He also struck out at least one batter in all nine innings (Cain did not strike out a batter in the ninth in his perfect game), the only perfect game pitcher to do so to date. The game was also notable for the high quality of the performance by the opposing pitcher, Bob Hendley of the Cubs. Hendley gave up only one hit (which did not figure into the scoring) and allowed only two baserunners. Both pitchers had no-hitters intact until the seventh inning. The only run that the Dodgers scored was unearned. The game holds the record for fewest base runners in a perfect game (both teams), with two; the next lowest total is four. Koufax's perfect game is a memorable part of baseball lore. Jane Leavy's biography of Koufax is structured around a re-telling of the game. An article in Salon.com honoring Dodgers broadcaster Vin Scully focuses on his play-by-play call of the game for KFI radio. This game was selected in a 1995 poll of members of the Society for American Baseball Research as the greatest game ever pitched.", "It was also accomplished by Taiwanese player Wang Po-Jung when he led the Chinese Professional Baseball League or CPBL with a batting average of .407, 31 home runs, 101 RBIs, and 178 hits. A pitcher who leads the league in wins, strikeouts, and earned run average (ERA) is said to have won the \"Pitching Triple Crown\". The term was previously defined as leading the league in wins, ERA, and winning percentage. It was used in that older sense to describe the (ultimately unsuccessful) pursuit of that goal by Johnny Antonelli of the New York Giants in 1954 and also by Sandy Koufax in 1963. Koufax was first described as having won the Pitching Triple Crown in the current sense after his 1965 season though the older sense continued to be used. In contrast to the respective batting statistics, the Pitching Triple Crown statistics are more or less complementary (for example, a pitcher who is especially proficient at striking out batters is likely to give up fewer earned runs, and consequently more likely to win games); therefore, the accomplishment is not as rare as the batting crown. In the major leagues, the Pitching Triple Crown has been accomplished 38 times. The most by one player is three, accomplished by three players. Grover Cleveland Alexander captured his first two in consecutive seasons with the Philadelphia Phillies (1915\u20131916), and won a third in 1920 with the Chicago Cubs. Alexander is the only pitcher to win a Pitching Triple Crown with more than one major league team. Walter Johnson won his three Triple Crowns with the original Washington Senators, leading the league in all three categories in 1913, 1918, and 1924. Sandy Koufax was the most recent to capture three Triple Crowns, winning his three within four seasons for the Los Angeles Dodgers (1963, 1965\u20131966); all of Koufax's crowns led both major leagues, the most for any player.", "After blowing a four-game lead with seven to play in 1962, the Dodgers again built a lead in 1963. On August 21, the Dodgers beat the Cardinals 2\u20131 in 16 innings to take a game lead. When they went to St. Louis for a three-game series on September 16, their lead was one game over the Cardinals, who had won 19 of 20 games. Sports fans around the country were saying how the Dodgers were going to blow it again. But the Dodgers swept the three games from the Cardinals to move four games ahead with nine to play; a 4\u20131 win over the Mets clinched the pennant in the season's 158th game. Sandy Koufax started it off with a then record fifteen-strikeout performance in Game 1. It bested fellow Dodgers pitcher Carl Erskine's mark in 1953 by one, and would be surpassed by Bob Gibson in 1968. Koufax also tied a World Series record when he fanned the first five Yankee batters he faced in that game. Since \"K\" is the time-honored scoring symbol for \"strikeout\" (Vin Scully once remarked that \"Koufax's name will always remind you of strikeouts\"), some newspapers' headlines for the game coverage consisted simply of Koufax's surname prefixed by fifteen K's. Clete Boyer was the only Yankee regular not to be struck out against Koufax. Mickey Mantle, Tom Tresh and Tony Kubek were struck out twice each, and Bobby Richardson was struck out three times\u2014his only three-strikeout game in 1448 regular season/World Series games. (Just that regular season, Richardson had been struck out only 22 times in 630 at-bats, without even being struck out \"twice\" in one game.) Koufax also struck out three pinch-hitters, including Harry Bright to end the game."], "answer": {"text": "On May 11, Koufax no-hit the San Francisco Giants 8-0, besting future Hall of Fame pitcher Juan Marichal", "answer_start": 628}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the 1963 season start for Sandy Koufax?", "answer": {"text": "reduced his walk rate further to 1.7 in 1963, which ranked fifth in the league.", "answer_start": 331, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Koufax suffer any injuries?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Gibson would break Koufax's record by striking out 17 Detroit Tigers in the 1968 World Series opener", "answer_start": 419, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What records did Koufax set in 1963?", "answer": {"text": "Koufax threw 11 shutouts, setting a new post-1900 record for shutouts by a left-handed pitcher", "answer_start": 1226, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a3ad766d3b594e9c9fe313a83dc9b14b_0_q#5", "question": "In what other games did Koufax perform well?", "rewrite": "Besides his no-hitter on May 11, in what other games did Koufax perform well?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["When Sandy Koufax pitched his no-hitter against the Mets in 1962, one of their 120 losses that season, Mets' coach Solly Hemus, apparently trying to jinx Koufax, kept heckling him through the game about pitching a no-hitter, according to a post-game interview Koufax gave after pitching his third no-hitter in 1964. An early biography of Koufax quoted him as telling his catcher, during that 1964 no-hitter, \" Let's just go to the fastball and get this no-hit thing over with.\" Mickey Mantle, in an interview for Ken Burns' 1994 \"Baseball\" documentary series, related that Don Larsen, famed for his 1956 World Series perfect game, tried to talk about his no-hitter throughout the contest but much to his chagrin his Yankee teammates avoided his conversation and maintained the superstition. When Los Angeles Angels rookie Bo Belinsky entered the final inning of his no-hitter in 1962, Baltimore Orioles outfielder Jackie Brandt passed him on the field as the teams changed sides. According to Belinsky biographer Maury Allen, Brandt told Belinsky, \"Nice game, Bo, but it's over. I'm leading off with a bunt single. \" Belinsky got Brandt out to start the final inning of his no-hitter. In 2009, when Mark Buehrle was pitching his perfect game, as he exited the field after the eighth inning, White Sox broadcaster Ken Harrelson exclaimed, \"Call your sons! Call your daughters! Call your friends! Call your neighbors! Mark Buehrle has a perfect game going into the ninth!\" Buehrle retired the side in the ninth to complete the perfect game.", "The Dodgers went three up and three down in the bottom half of the inning. Koufax again struck out the side in the ninth inning to secure the perfect game. Not until the San Francisco Giants' Chris Heston no-hit the New York Mets on June 9, 2015 would another pitcher complete a no-hitter by striking out the final three batters he faced, and the next no-hitter whose pitcher struck out \"all\" three batters he faced in the ninth inning wouldn't come until August 30 of the same season, when the Cubs' Jake Arrieta no-hit the Dodgers\u2014a game also played at Dodger Stadium. Koufax also struck out at least one batter in all nine innings, the only perfect game pitcher to do so to date. Not until Nolan Ryan in would a no-hit pitcher strike out at least one batter in all nine innings, doing so in the first of his seven career no-hitters; Koufax's catcher, Jeff Torborg, would catch that no-hitter as well. As Vin Scully, the Dodgers' long time play-by-play announcer, commented at the end: \"And Sandy Koufax, whose name will always remind you of strikeouts, did it with a flourish. He struck out the last six consecutive batters. So when he wrote his name in capital letters in the record books, that \"K\" stands out even more than the O-U-F-A-X.\" The final out was made by Harvey Kuenn, the same man who made the final out of Koufax's 1963 no-hitter\u2014which had been, appropriately, a ground ball back to Koufax. In the end, Johnson's hit was the only one by either team; the combined total of 1 hit for the entire game is a major league record.", "In 1963, Major League Baseball expanded the strike zone. Compared to the previous season, National League walks fell 13 percent, strikeouts increased six percent, the league batting average fell from .261 to .245, and runs fell 15 percent. Koufax, who had reduced his walks allowed per nine innings to 3.4 in 1961 and 2.8 in 1962, reduced his walk rate further to 1.7 in 1963, which ranked fifth in the league. The top pitchers of the era - Don Drysdale, Juan Marichal, Jim Bunning, Bob Gibson, Warren Spahn, and above all Koufax - significantly reduced the walks-given-up-to-batters-faced ratio for 1963, and subsequent years. On May 11, Koufax no-hit the San Francisco Giants 8-0, besting future Hall of Fame pitcher Juan Marichal--himself a no-hit pitcher a month later, on June 15. Koufax carried a perfect game into the eighth inning against the powerful Giants lineup, including future Hall of Famers Willie Mays, Willie McCovey, and Orlando Cepeda. He walked Ed Bailey on a 3-and-2 pitch in the 8th, and pinch-hitter McCovey on four pitches in the 9th, before closing out the game. As the Dodgers won the pennant, Koufax won the pitchers' Triple Crown, leading the league in wins (25), strikeouts (306) and ERA (1.88). Koufax threw 11 shutouts, setting a new post-1900 record for shutouts by a left-handed pitcher that stands to this day (the previous record of 10 shutouts had been held by Carl Hubbell for 30 years).", "In 1962, the Dodgers moved from the Los Angeles Coliseum, which had a 250-foot left field line, to pitcher-friendly Dodger Stadium. The new park had a large foul territory and a comparatively poor hitting background. Koufax was an immediate beneficiary of the change, lowering his home ERA from 4.29 to 1.75. On June 30 against the expansion New York Mets, Koufax threw his first no-hitter. In the first inning of that game, Koufax struck out three batters on nine pitches to become the sixth National League pitcher and the 11th pitcher in Major League history to accomplish a nine-pitch/three-strikeout half-inning. With the no-hitter, a 4-2 record, 73 strikeouts, and a 1.23 ERA for June, he was named Major League Baseball Player of the Month Award. It would be the only time in his career he earned this distinction. Koufax had his strong season despite an injured pitching hand. While batting in April, Koufax had been jammed by a pitch from Earl Francis. A numbness developed in Koufax's index finger on his left hand, and the finger became cold and white. Koufax was pitching better than ever, however, so he ignored the problem, hoping that the condition would clear up. By July, though, his entire hand was becoming numb and he was unable to complete some games. In a start in Cincinnati, his finger split open after one inning. A vascular specialist determined that Koufax had a crushed artery in his palm. Ten days of experimental medicine successfully reopened the artery. Koufax finally was able to pitch again in September, when the team was locked in a tight pennant race with the Giants.", "\" This feat was achieved by Sandy Koufax on September 9, 1965. It was Koufax's fourth career no-hitter, and is the franchise record for no-hitters by one pitcher. At the time, Koufax's four no-hitters was the major league record for any pitcher, but it was later surpassed in 1981 by Nolan Ryan. Sam Kimber threw the first no-hitter in Dodgers history on October 4, 1884, which ended as a scoreless tie after ten innings. The most recent no-hitter thrown by a Dodgers pitcher was on May 4, 2018 by four pitchers. Walker Buehler 3rd career start 6 IP, Tony Cingrani 1 IP, Adam Liberatore 1 IP, and Yimi Garcia 1 IP. It was the first no hitter outside of United States or Canada as it was pitched in Monterrey, Mexico. It was also the first combined no hitter in franchise history. Five of the 20 pitchers were left-handed pitchers, 14 were right-handed, and one, Tom Lovett, is still unknown. In addition to Koufax, two other Dodgers pitchers have thrown multiple no-hitters, Adonis Terry and Carl Erskine. 18 of the no-hitters were thrown at home and eight on the road. The longest interval between no-hitters was between the games pitched by Hideo Nomo and Josh Beckett, encompassing 17 years and 250 days from September 17, 1996 until May 25, 2014. Conversely, the shortest interval between no-hitters was between the games pitched by Beckett and Clayton Kershaw, encompassing merely 24 days from May 25, 2014 until June 18, 2014. The San Francisco Giants (formerly \"New York Giants\") have been no-hit six times, the most by any Dodgers opponent."], "answer": {"text": "Koufax carried a perfect game into the eighth inning against the powerful Giants lineup,", "answer_start": 786}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the 1963 season start for Sandy Koufax?", "answer": {"text": "reduced his walk rate further to 1.7 in 1963, which ranked fifth in the league.", "answer_start": 331, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Koufax suffer any injuries?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Gibson would break Koufax's record by striking out 17 Detroit Tigers in the 1968 World Series opener", "answer_start": 419, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What records did Koufax set in 1963?", "answer": {"text": "Koufax threw 11 shutouts, setting a new post-1900 record for shutouts by a left-handed pitcher", "answer_start": 1226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the team do in 1963?", "answer": {"text": "On May 11, Koufax no-hit the San Francisco Giants 8-0, besting future Hall of Fame pitcher Juan Marichal", "answer_start": 628, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a3ad766d3b594e9c9fe313a83dc9b14b_0_q#6", "question": "How did Koufax perform in the post-season?", "rewrite": "How did Koufax perform in the 1963 post-season?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1963, Major League Baseball expanded the strike zone. Compared to the previous season, National League walks fell 13 percent, strikeouts increased six percent, the league batting average fell from .261 to .245, and runs fell 15 percent. Koufax, who had reduced his walks allowed per nine innings to 3.4 in 1961 and 2.8 in 1962, reduced his walk rate further to 1.7 in 1963, which ranked fifth in the league. The top pitchers of the era - Don Drysdale, Juan Marichal, Jim Bunning, Bob Gibson, Warren Spahn, and above all Koufax - significantly reduced the walks-given-up-to-batters-faced ratio for 1963, and subsequent years. On May 11, Koufax no-hit the San Francisco Giants 8-0, besting future Hall of Fame pitcher Juan Marichal--himself a no-hit pitcher a month later, on June 15. Koufax carried a perfect game into the eighth inning against the powerful Giants lineup, including future Hall of Famers Willie Mays, Willie McCovey, and Orlando Cepeda. He walked Ed Bailey on a 3-and-2 pitch in the 8th, and pinch-hitter McCovey on four pitches in the 9th, before closing out the game. As the Dodgers won the pennant, Koufax won the pitchers' Triple Crown, leading the league in wins (25), strikeouts (306) and ERA (1.88). Koufax threw 11 shutouts, setting a new post-1900 record for shutouts by a left-handed pitcher that stands to this day (the previous record of 10 shutouts had been held by Carl Hubbell for 30 years).", "In 1962, the Dodgers moved from the Los Angeles Coliseum, which had a 250-foot left field line, to pitcher-friendly Dodger Stadium. The new park had a large foul territory and a comparatively poor hitting background. Koufax was an immediate beneficiary of the change, lowering his home ERA from 4.29 to 1.75. On June 30 against the expansion New York Mets, Koufax threw his first no-hitter. In the first inning of that game, Koufax struck out three batters on nine pitches to become the sixth National League pitcher and the 11th pitcher in Major League history to accomplish a nine-pitch/three-strikeout half-inning. With the no-hitter, a 4-2 record, 73 strikeouts, and a 1.23 ERA for June, he was named Major League Baseball Player of the Month Award. It would be the only time in his career he earned this distinction. Koufax had his strong season despite an injured pitching hand. While batting in April, Koufax had been jammed by a pitch from Earl Francis. A numbness developed in Koufax's index finger on his left hand, and the finger became cold and white. Koufax was pitching better than ever, however, so he ignored the problem, hoping that the condition would clear up. By July, though, his entire hand was becoming numb and he was unable to complete some games. In a start in Cincinnati, his finger split open after one inning. A vascular specialist determined that Koufax had a crushed artery in his palm. Ten days of experimental medicine successfully reopened the artery. Koufax finally was able to pitch again in September, when the team was locked in a tight pennant race with the Giants.", "Yeganeh Mahalleh | Yeknam | Yeylaq-e Viznah | Yeylaqi-ye Darestan | Yeylaqi-ye Lakeh | Yusef Deh | Yusef Mahalleh | Yusefabad | Yusefabad | Yusefabad Zafan | Zahandeh | Zahun Bareh | Zakabar | Zaman Mahalleh | Zandeh Kesh | Zangulbareh | Zarabcheh | Zaraki | Zarang Mahalleh | Zarbil | Zard Dul | Zard Kesh | Zardeh Lajeh | Zardkam | Zarem Kalayeh | Zargush | Zarkam | Zarkolam | Zarreh Zhieh | Zarrin Dasht | Zemidan | Zemidan Sara | Zemidan-e Bala | Zenash | Zenash Darreh | Zendaneh | Zerkhan Lat | Zeydi | Zia Kuh | Ziabar | Ziaratgah | Ziaz | Ziaz Mahalleh | Zideh-ye Bala | Zideh-ye Pain | Ziksar | Zimsar | Zin Poshteh | Zir Deh | Zir Deh | Zizakesh | Zohrab Ali Sara | Zomori | Zormi | Zowl Piran | Zudel | Zurzemeh", "The Dodgers went three up and three down in the bottom half of the inning. Koufax again struck out the side in the ninth inning to secure the perfect game. Not until the San Francisco Giants' Chris Heston no-hit the New York Mets on June 9, 2015 would another pitcher complete a no-hitter by striking out the final three batters he faced, and the next no-hitter whose pitcher struck out \"all\" three batters he faced in the ninth inning wouldn't come until August 30 of the same season, when the Cubs' Jake Arrieta no-hit the Dodgers\u2014a game also played at Dodger Stadium. Koufax also struck out at least one batter in all nine innings, the only perfect game pitcher to do so to date. Not until Nolan Ryan in would a no-hit pitcher strike out at least one batter in all nine innings, doing so in the first of his seven career no-hitters; Koufax's catcher, Jeff Torborg, would catch that no-hitter as well. As Vin Scully, the Dodgers' long time play-by-play announcer, commented at the end: \"And Sandy Koufax, whose name will always remind you of strikeouts, did it with a flourish. He struck out the last six consecutive batters. So when he wrote his name in capital letters in the record books, that \"K\" stands out even more than the O-U-F-A-X.\" The final out was made by Harvey Kuenn, the same man who made the final out of Koufax's 1963 no-hitter\u2014which had been, appropriately, a ground ball back to Koufax. In the end, Johnson's hit was the only one by either team; the combined total of 1 hit for the entire game is a major league record.", "After blowing a four-game lead with seven to play in 1962, the Dodgers again built a lead in 1963. On August 21, the Dodgers beat the Cardinals 2\u20131 in 16 innings to take a game lead. When they went to St. Louis for a three-game series on September 16, their lead was one game over the Cardinals, who had won 19 of 20 games. Sports fans around the country were saying how the Dodgers were going to blow it again. But the Dodgers swept the three games from the Cardinals to move four games ahead with nine to play; a 4\u20131 win over the Mets clinched the pennant in the season's 158th game. Sandy Koufax started it off with a then record fifteen-strikeout performance in Game 1. It bested fellow Dodgers pitcher Carl Erskine's mark in 1953 by one, and would be surpassed by Bob Gibson in 1968. Koufax also tied a World Series record when he fanned the first five Yankee batters he faced in that game. Since \"K\" is the time-honored scoring symbol for \"strikeout\" (Vin Scully once remarked that \"Koufax's name will always remind you of strikeouts\"), some newspapers' headlines for the game coverage consisted simply of Koufax's surname prefixed by fifteen K's. Clete Boyer was the only Yankee regular not to be struck out against Koufax. Mickey Mantle, Tom Tresh and Tony Kubek were struck out twice each, and Bobby Richardson was struck out three times\u2014his only three-strikeout game in 1448 regular season/World Series games. (Just that regular season, Richardson had been struck out only 22 times in 630 at-bats, without even being struck out \"twice\" in one game.) Koufax also struck out three pinch-hitters, including Harry Bright to end the game."], "answer": {"text": "Facing the Yankees in the 1963 World Series, Koufax beat Whitey Ford 5-2 in Game 1 and struck out 15 batters", "answer_start": 235}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the 1963 season start for Sandy Koufax?", "answer": {"text": "reduced his walk rate further to 1.7 in 1963, which ranked fifth in the league.", "answer_start": 331, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Koufax suffer any injuries?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Gibson would break Koufax's record by striking out 17 Detroit Tigers in the 1968 World Series opener", "answer_start": 419, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What records did Koufax set in 1963?", "answer": {"text": "Koufax threw 11 shutouts, setting a new post-1900 record for shutouts by a left-handed pitcher", "answer_start": 1226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the team do in 1963?", "answer": {"text": "On May 11, Koufax no-hit the San Francisco Giants 8-0, besting future Hall of Fame pitcher Juan Marichal", "answer_start": 628, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what other games did Koufax perform well?", "answer": {"text": "Koufax carried a perfect game into the eighth inning against the powerful Giants lineup,", "answer_start": 786, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a3ad766d3b594e9c9fe313a83dc9b14b_0_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than a no-hitter and pitching in the 1963 World Series, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["He had a 15\u20136 win-loss record during the 1941 season, and was named the starting pitcher for Game One of the 1941 World Series against the Brooklyn Dodgers. Ruffing defeated the Dodgers, as the Yankees won the series four games to one. Ruffing pitched for the Yankees during Opening Day of the 1942 season. That year, he compiled a 14\u20137 win-loss record. He was again named an All-Star, and again did not pitch in the All-Star Game, which was started by teammate Spud Chandler. Though teammate Tiny Bonham had a better season, pitching to a 21\u20135 win-loss record, McCarthy again chose Ruffing as his Game One starter for the 1942 World Series, setting a record with six World Series Game One starts that stood until Whitey Ford started his seventh Game One in the 1963 World Series. Ruffing defeated the St. Louis Cardinals in Game One, his seventh World Series victory. This set a record that was surpassed by Ford in 1960. Ruffing pitched again in the Game Five, with the Yankees down three games to one. Ruffing lost the game, as the Cardinals defeated the Yankees to win the series. After the 1942 season, Ruffing took a job with Vultee Aircraft, a defense contractor. Despite his age (37) and missing toes, a United States Army doctor certified Ruffing as Class 1-B in the Selective Service System, overruled Ruffing's personal physician, who had ruled Ruffing unfit for service. The Army decided that Ruffing could serve in a non-combat role. Ruffing missed the 1943 and 1944 seasons due to his service during World War II. He served in the Sixth Ferrying Group of the Air Transport Command of the United States Army Air Forces at the rank of private.", "For the 1968 season, opposing batters only had a batting average of .184, an on-base percentage of .233, and a slugging percentage of .236. Gibson lost nine games against 22 wins, despite his record-setting low 1.12 ERA; the anemic batting throughout baseball included his own Cardinal team. The 1968 Cardinals had one .300 hitter, while the team-leading home run and RBI totals were just 16 and 79, respectively. Gibson lost two 1\u20130 games, one of which was to San Francisco Giants pitcher Gaylord Perry's no-hitter on September 17. The Giants' run in that game came on a first-inning home run by light-hitting Ron Hunt\u2014the second of two he would hit the entire season, and one of only 11 that Gibson allowed in 304 innings. The year also was notable for Don Drysdale pitching a record six consecutive shutouts and 58 \u2044consecutive scoreless innings. In Game 1 of the 1968 World Series, Gibson struck out 17 Detroit Tigers to set a World Series record for strikeouts in one game, which still stands today (breaking Sandy Koufax's record of 15 in Game 1 of the 1963 World Series). He also joined Ed Walsh as the only pitchers to strike out at least one batter in each inning of a World Series game, Walsh having done so in Game Three of the 1906 World Series. After allowing a leadoff single to Mickey Stanley in the ninth inning, Gibson finished the game by striking out Tiger sluggers Al Kaline, Norm Cash and Willie Horton in succession. Recalling the performance, Tigers outfielder Jim Northrup remarked: \"We were fastball hitters, but he blew the ball right by us. And he had a nasty slider that was jumping all over the place.\"", "1963 World Series The 1963 World Series matched the two-time defending champion New York Yankees against the Los Angeles Dodgers, with the Dodgers sweeping the Series in four games to capture their second title in five years, and their third in franchise history. Starting pitchers Sandy Koufax, Don Drysdale, and Johnny Podres, and ace reliever Ron Perranoski combined to give up only four runs in four games. The dominance of the Dodgers pitchers was so complete that at no point in any of the four games did the Yankees have the lead. New York was held to a .171 team batting average, the lowest ever for the Yankees in the post-season. This was the first time that the Yankees were swept in a World Series in four staight (the 1922 World Series had one tie). Of the Los Angeles Dodgers four World Series championships since the opening of Dodger Stadium, this was the only one won at Dodger Stadium. Also, of the six championships from the Dodgers franchise, it remains the only one won at home. This series was also the first meeting between teams from New York City and Los Angeles for a major professional sports championship. Seven more such meetings have followed with three more times each in the World Series and the NBA Finals, and the 2014 Stanley Cup Final. Despite injuries that limited Mickey Mantle to just 65 games, the Yankees went 104\u201357 to win their fourth straight American League pennant\u2014this one by games. Catcher Elston Howard (.287 BA, 28 HRs, 85 RBI) won the MVP Award, while Joe Pepitone, Roger Maris, and Tom Tresh also topped the 20 home run mark. Their pitching was anchored by Whitey Ford (24 wins, 2.74 ERA) and Jim Bouton (21 wins, 2.53 ERA). The Dodgers' road to the World Series was much more challenging.", "In the beginning, he was platooned at first base with Joe Collins, but from on he became the Yankees' full-time first baseman. He played in seven American League (AL) All-Star games as a Yankee: , , twice in , twice in , and (two All-Star Games were played in 1959 through 1962). On November 26, , he was traded by the Yankees to the Los Angeles Dodgers for Stan Williams. Although Skowron floundered against National League pitching, batting just .203 in 237 at bats with four home runs, he stunned his former team in the 1963 World Series, leading the Dodgers with a .385 average and a home run, as Los Angeles swept New York in four straight games. On December 6, , he returned to the AL when he was purchased from the Dodgers by the then Washington Senators. On July 13, , he was traded by the Senators to the Chicago White Sox. In , he played in his eighth All-Star Game. On May 6, , he was traded by the White Sox to the California Angels. He was released by the Angels on October 9, . He played in a total of 1,478 major-league games, all but 15 as a first baseman. (He was in 13 games as a third baseman, and two as a second baseman.) Skowron made the last out of the 1957 World Series, but the following year he knocked in the winning run in game six of the 1958 World Series. Skowron also hit a three-run home run in game seven to propel the Yankees to a World Series win, and a comeback from a 3-1 series deficit. He also scored the only run in game seven of the 1962 World Series against the San Francisco Giants, on a double play grounder by Tony Kubek. Instrumental to eight World Series teams:", "On December 16, 1960, he was traded to the American League's new expansion franchise, the Washington Senators, where he played two full seasons and enjoyed his most sustained success. In 1962, he appeared in 113 games, mostly at first base, swatted 17 homers, knocked in 67 RBI and batted .273. But at season's end, the Senators swapped the 33-year-old Bright to the Cincinnati Reds for a young first baseman, Rogelio \u00c1lvarez. Bright batted only once for the 1963 Reds before his contract was sold on April 21 to the defending world champion New York Yankees, who were seeking a right-handed hitter off their bench. He stuck with the club all season long, batting .236 with seven homers in 157 at-bats as the Yanks copped another AL pennant. Then, in Game 1 of the 1963 World Series, Bright made history when he was sent up as a ninth-inning pinch hitter against Sandy Koufax of the Los Angeles Dodgers. Bright struck out, enabling Koufax to set a new mark (broken five years later by Bob Gibson) for strikeouts (15) in a World Series game. Said Bright: \"It's a hell of a thing. I wait 17 years to get into a World Series. Then I finally get up there, and 69,000 people are yelling \u2014 yelling for me to strike out.\" To compound matters, the game was played in Bright's home ballpark, Yankee Stadium. Bright struck out again in his only other World Series at bat and by mid-May 1964 he had returned to the minors with the Triple-A Richmond Virginians. His MLB career ended in 1965, as a pinch hitter for the Chicago Cubs."], "answer": {"text": "The top pitchers of the era - Don Drysdale, Juan Marichal, Jim Bunning, Bob Gibson, Warren Spahn, and above all Koufax - significantly reduced the walks", "answer_start": 411}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the 1963 season start for Sandy Koufax?", "answer": {"text": "reduced his walk rate further to 1.7 in 1963, which ranked fifth in the league.", "answer_start": 331, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Koufax suffer any injuries?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Gibson would break Koufax's record by striking out 17 Detroit Tigers in the 1968 World Series opener", "answer_start": 419, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What records did Koufax set in 1963?", "answer": {"text": "Koufax threw 11 shutouts, setting a new post-1900 record for shutouts by a left-handed pitcher", "answer_start": 1226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the team do in 1963?", "answer": {"text": "On May 11, Koufax no-hit the San Francisco Giants 8-0, besting future Hall of Fame pitcher Juan Marichal", "answer_start": 628, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what other games did Koufax perform well?", "answer": {"text": "Koufax carried a perfect game into the eighth inning against the powerful Giants lineup,", "answer_start": 786, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Koufax perform in the post-season?", "answer": {"text": "Facing the Yankees in the 1963 World Series, Koufax beat Whitey Ford 5-2 in Game 1 and struck out 15 batters", "answer_start": 235, "bid": 1}}]}